Fieldiana Botany, V30 - 2 Orchids of Peru

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ORCHIDS OF PERU
Photograph by Louis O. Williams
CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A
Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME
30
CHICAGO,
U.S.A.
1958-1961
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-10546
BY
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
ORCHIDS OF PERU
7*
era
,/FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 30, NUMBER 2

Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
MARCH
27, 1959
RIOLOG'l
VARGASIELIA
s
X 1 A.
6,
Vargosiella peruviana C. Schweinf. 1 3, dorsal sepal; X 2. 4, petal;

lip,
column and
from
side;
2.
7,
2, flower, from side; expanded, from above; X 2. anther with pollinia, from below; X 8.
1,
plants;
2.
5, lip,
ORCHIDS OF PERU
ORCHIDS OF PERU
Research Fellow,
Botanical
Ames Orchid Herbarium

of Harvard University
Museum
FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 30, NUMBER 2

Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
MARCH
27, 1959
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-105^6
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
CONTENTS
Genera Included
Pleurothallis
in
Volume
Liparis
30,
Number
2
373
261
Lepanthopsis
358
Diothonea
380 384
Brachionidium
360
361
Amblostoma
Hexisea
Octomeria
Vargasiella
387
388 390
367
Lanium
Epidendrum
Malaxis
367
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Vargasiella perurviana
Frontispiece
TEXT FIGURES
46.
47. 48. 49.
50.
PAGE
Pleurothallis angustipetala
273
Pleurothallis carinata
Pleurothallis carnosifolia Pleurothallis crateriformis
Pleurothallis cyathiflora Pleurothallis echinocarpa, P. brevispicata Pleurothallis excisa
278
280 289
291
51. 52.
53.
299 300
Pleurothallis remotiflora Pleurothallis graciliscapa Pleurothallis hirsutissima Pleurothallis inaequisepala, P. tenuis

Pleurothallis longiserpens
303 308
311
54. 55. 56.

57.
313
317
319
323
58.
59.
Pleurothallis magnipetala Pleurothallis pantasmoides Pleurothallis quadrata, P. dilatata Pleurothallis retusiloba Pleurothallis ringens
Pleurothallis ruscifolia Pleurothallis spathulifolia, P. caudatipetala
60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.
329
331
334 337
343
Pleurothallis Talpinaria
345
347
355
Pleurothallis tenuifolia
Pleurothallis Vargasii
68.
69.
Lepanthopsis floripecten
359
363
Octomeria complanata Octomeria semiconnata

Liparis elata
70.
71. 72. 73. 74.
366
375
378 382
Liparis laticuneata
Diothonea exasperata
Amblostoma
gracile var.
robustum
386 407
75.
Epidendrum ampliracemum
PAGE
76.
77.
Epidendrum aquaticoides Epidendrum birostratum Epidendrum breviracemum Epidendrum capitellatum

Epidendrum carnosiflorum, E. latisegmentum
409
414
78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.
417 418
420
423 428
Epidendrum Epidendrum
ciliare
Epidendrum crassum
difforme
436 438 462 465
84. 85. 86. 87.

88.
Epidendrum elatum Epidendrum laceratum
Epidendrum Macbridei, E. liguliferum

Epidendrum magnicallosum, E. subreniforme Epidendrum minutidentatum, E. orbiculatum Epidendrum
minutiflorum, E.
470 475
477
482
89. 90.
91.
nanum
Epidendrum nocturnum
Epidendrum pilosum
Epidendrum pubiflorum
494 497
499
501
92.
93. 94.
Epidendrum pygmaeum Epidendrum rectopedunculatum Epidendrum Epidendrum

reflexilobum
refractoides
95.
96.
503
503 506
511
97. 98. 99.
Epidendrum rigidum Epidendrum Schlechterianum Epidendrum Epidendrum

strictiforme
517 518 520 522
100.
101. 102.
strobiliferum
Epidendrum subliberum
Epidendrum tenuispathum
Orchids of Peru
PLEUROTHALLIS
R. Br. (Humboldtia Ruiz and Pav. in part)
A large and variable genus of American orchids which are commonly epiphytic; includes Restrepia and Barbosella. according to some recent researches, the genus or abbreviated. Secondary stems not pseudoPrimary stems long-creeping or distant or crowded, minute to elongate, simple and apically 1-leaved bulbous, more or less concealed by tubular sheaths branched (superposed), very rarely leafy, to which sometimes terminate in a flaring, hispid mouth. Leaves orbicular
Inflorescences axillary, 1 to linear (often cordate) or terete, short or elongate. and racemose. Flowers minute to relatively numerous, 1- to many-flowered Dorsal sepal free or very shortly connate with the lateral sepals at the large. much smaller base. Lateral sepals entirely connate to free. Petals commonly
than the sepals, longer than broad.
to elongate, often simple to several-lobed. Column abbreviated with a more or less distinct foot. Pollinia either 2 or 4.
Lip about equaling the petals or smaller, winged above,
Al
A2.
la.
mouth I Cauline sheaths lepanthif orm, i.e., tubular with a spreading, hispid without spreading, hispid mouth. .8 Cauline sheaths not lepanthif orm, i.e., 1 Sepals ciliate or scabrous on the margin
. .
Ib.
la.
2 3-lobed or simple Sepals smooth on the margin; lip lightly rounded and emarginate at the tip; sepals Leaves oval or broadly oblong, narrowed to a long, subulate apex; lip 3-lobed near the base. P. chamaelepanthes
Ib
2a.
Leaves
lip
linear-elliptic to elliptic,
obtuse to acute; sepals acute to subacute;

....P.tiliaris
3
simple Dorsal sepal not linear, acute or short-acuminate
2b.
3a
3b.
4 above Dorsal sepal linear or abruptly long-acuminate or caudate oblanceolate. Inflorescences much surpassing the leaf; petals narrowly
;
P. dura
4a
4b.
5a
5b.
... P. brevispicata Inflorescences subequaling the leaf petals oblong-obovate little longer than broad. Leaf much longer than the inflorescences; lip P. inaequisepala much longer than broad. 5 Leaf much shorter than the inflorescences; lip as the floral bracts. Petals rounded above; pedicels only about twice as long P. arbuscula
.
floral
Petals acute, acuminate or caudate; pedicels bracts
much
surpassing the minute
6a
6b.
or branched. Lip simple; petals minutely denticulate; stems superposed P. dinotherii (P. diptera, P. tricaudata)
near the base; petals entire Lip lightly but distinctly 3-lobed
261
262
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME
30
7a.
7b.
Stems simple, short (up to 4 cm. long), 1-leafed at the summit; leaves P. tennis commonly 2 cm. or more long Stems commonly branched or superposed, more or less leafy; leaves 1.8
cm. or
less
long
P. amygdalodora
9 12
8a.
8b.
9a.
Ovary densely long-hirsute or densely muricate Ovary glabrous or short-pubescent
Entire plant (including the outer surface of the sepals) densely long-hirsute; inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, fasciculate P. hirsutissima Entire plant glabrous; inflorescences more or less elongate, racemose, with the floral bracts conspicuous, spreading, dorsally carinate 10
9b.
lOa.
lOb.
lla.
lib.
12a.
12b.
13a.
13b.
14a.
Lip with a pair of prominent falcate-lanceolate lobes near the base, lamina distinctly bicallose; petals with a pedicellate tubercle near the base in front P. gigantea Lip without a pair of prominent falcate-lanceolate lobes, lamina not dis11 tinctly bicallose; petals without a pedicellate tubercle at the base Petals decurrent on the column and often obliquely round-auriculate on one or each side at the base; lip with a narrow, acute or obtuse apex. P. muricata (P. sororia, P. rufescens) Petals not decurrent on the column, with a minute tooth on each side at the base; lip with a broad, denticulate apex P. echinocarpa 13 Secondary stems abbreviated or short and indistinct Secondary stems more or less elongate, commonly about one third as long as the leaf or more 26 Petals long-ciliate; plant small, caespitose P. macroblepharis Petals not long-ciliate 14
P. trialala Sepals with a broad dorsal keel throughout 15 Sepals, at least the dorsal one, without a broad keel throughout
14b.
15a.
Lip pandurate,
side
i.e.,
distinctly
and sharply narrowed
in the
middle of each
16 18
15b.
16a.
Lip not pandurate

Petals abruptly caudate; plant caespitose, very small
16b.
17a.
P. caudatipetala Petals not caudate, rounded to retuse above; plants with a creeping rhi17 zome
Sepals not caudate; flowers very small; margins of the
lip entire. .P.
dedivis
17b.
18a.
Sepals long-caudate; flowers relatively large; margins of the anterior half P. longiserpens of the lip fimbriate
18b.
19a.
19 Plant with a prominent, long-creeping rhizome 20 Plant caespitose, with an abbreviated or shortly creeping rhizome Inflorescence shorter than or subequaling the leaf, commonly severalP. macrorhiza (P. rhizomatosa) flowered; petals cuneate to spatulate
Inflorescence much exceeding the leaf, always 1-flowered; petals gradually P. rhynchantha linear-attenuate
19b.
20a.
20b.
21a.
Column abbreviated; lip long-narrowed and acuminate Column more or less elongate; lip acute to rounded at the apex
21
22
Plant very small, leaves 1 to rarely 3.5 cm. long and 4 mm. or less wide; petals linear-lanceolate. P. lancilabris var. oxyglossa (P. oxyglossa, P. Schulzeana) Plant medium-sized, leaves 4 cm. or more long and 10
ovate-lanceolate
. .
21b.
mm.
wide; petals P. misera

.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU

22a.
263
umbellate;
22b.
23a.
Rachis of the inflorescence abbreviated; inflorescences 1-flowered or subP. parvifolia lip rhombic
lip
Rachis of the inflorescence elongate; inflorescences racemose; rhombic
not 23
Sepals densely villous within; petals broadly cuneate-spatulate to lunatesemiorbicular from a slender claw P. flexuosa (P. remotiflora)
Sepals glabrous within; petals not broadly cuneate to lunate-semiorbicular nor clawed 24 Sepals linear, free, about 1.5 cm. or
lanceolate, minutely ciliate
23b.
24a.
more
long; petals linear or linearP. attenuata
24b.
25a.
Sepals ovate to lanceolate, the lateral ones more or less connate, about
1
cm. or
less long; petals
not linear
25
Petals oblong-oblanceolate; lip oblong, about the
same width throughout.

P. Grobyi (P. picta)
25b.
26a.
Petals elliptic-lanceolate; lip ovate-oblong, widest near the base.
P. spathulifolia
26b.
27a.
Stems provided with several distichous leaves. .P. caulescens (P. graminea) Stems 1-leafed at the summit; if branching, 1-leafed at the apex of each stem-member 27
Inflorescences 1-flowered, often clustered Inflorescences several- to many-flowered
28
56
27b.
28a.
28b.
29a.
Leaf abruptly rounded or cordate at the base, sessile 29 Leaf narrowed below, or if rounded at the base provided with a distinct 42 petiole
Petals relatively large, oblong-lanceolate or linear-elliptic, nearly straight and subentire; leaves often sharply reflexed; plant small. .P. magnipetala
.
29b.
30a.
Petals relatively small, subulate, linear to linear-oblanceolate or triangular30 lanceolate (if oblong-lanceolate, strongly falcate and denticulate)
30b. 3 la.
Margin Margin
of the petals entire of the petals denticulate to
31
pubescent
35
Dorsal sepal much broader than the lamina of the united lateral sepals; P. crateriformis lip deeply concave-saccate Dorsal sepal more or
sepals
less
31b.
narrower than the lamina of the united lateral 32

33 34
32a.
Flowers large; sepals 9

Flowers small; sepals 6
32b.
33a.
mm. or more long mm. or less long
Lip elliptic-lanceolate in outline, constricted near the base; leaf deeply P. chanchamayoensis cordate at the base Lip suborbicular-ovate, without a basal constriction; or rounded at the base
leaf lightly cordate
33b.
34a.
P. ruberrima
prominently thickened, lamina elliptic-oblong, acute; petals triangular-linear with a distinctly broadened base; leaf broadly ovate. P. syringifolia
Margins
of the lip
34b.
Margins of the lip not conspicuously thickened; petals not distinctly P. tridentata broadened at the base; leaf usually oblong-ovate
Petals narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, strongly falcate-incurved. P. cordata (P. brachyblephara) Petals subulate to narrowly linear or linear-lanceolate
35a.
35b.
36
264
36a.
30
Sepals pubescent; lip broadly obtuse to rounded at the apex; flowers relaP. grandiflora tively large
36b.
37a.
37b.
38a.
monly small Rhizome creeping, prominent Rhizome abbreviated, plant caespitose
Sepals glabrous; lip obtuse to abruptly acute or apiculate; flowers com37
P. undulata
38 Leaves rounded to shallowly cordate at the base, relatively narrow,

oblong-linear, lanceolate or ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong
39
38b.
39a.
Leaves more or
late-ovate
less
deeply cordate at the base, broadly ovate or lanceo41
39b.
40a.
Lip with a conspicuous narrow claw at the base, obtuse to rounded at the apex P. scabrilinguis Lip without a conspicuous narrow claw at the base, more or less acute or 40 apiculate at the apex Leaves linear to lanceolate-oblong, 8.5 cm. or less long; sepals 6 mm. or less long; dorsal sepal narrower than the lamina of the united lateral sepals. P. juninensis var. angustifolia
40b.
41a.
41b.
Leaves ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 10 cm. or more long; dorsal sepal than the lamina of the united lateral sepals. P. juninensis var. subaequisepala Plant small, mature leaves 4 cm. or less long; lamina of the united lateral sepals broadly ovate, not gradually narrowed above, about 3.7 mm. long. P. graciliscapa Plant relatively large, mature leaves 5 cm. or more long; lamina of the united lateral sepals lanceolate-ovate, distinctly narrowed above, 5.7 mm.
slightly broader
or
42a.
more long
P. juninensis
42b.
43 Secondary stems distinctly separated on an elongated rhizome Secondary stems approximate, either with, or generally without, a creeping rhizome (in P. frutex and var., the base of the much-branched stems has not been collected) 44
serrate,
43a.
43b.
44a.
longer and narrower than the lateral sepals; petals shorter than the sepals P. fimbriata Dorsal sepal about equal to the lateral sepals; petals with entire margins, about as long as the sepals P. trachychlamys
Dorsal sepal
much
much
44b.
45a.
Dorsal sepal and petals with a long-clavate, fleshy apex; stem concealed P. fimbrilabia loose, maculate sheaths Dorsal sepal and petals not long-clavate above; stem generally without 45 loose, maculate sheaths
by
Leaf oval, rounded above, rounded to broadly cuneate below, abruptly P. ringens petioled; lip with narrow lobes near the base
45b.
46a.
Leaf not oval, varying from oblong or

lanceolate
elliptic to linear-elliptic or
oblong46
Lip triapiculate at the more or
less
broadened apical part. P. Talpinaria (P. trimeroglossa)

47 48
51
46b.
47a.
47b.
48a.
Lip not triapiculate above Flowers large, sepals about 2 cm. or more long Flowers small, sepals about 1.8 cm. or less long
Outer surface Outer surface
of the sepals densely short-pubescent
48b.
49a.
of the sepals glabrous Flowers 1-4, distinctly pedicellate; sepals linear-lanceolate to oblonglanceolate; base of the lip with a pair of abbreviated lobes or auricles. .50
P. serripetala 49

49b.
50a.
265
Flowers numerous, subsessile; sepals all subulate-attenuate from an ovatelanceolate base; lip without basal auricles. .P. Poeppigii (P. myoxanthus)
.
Mid-lobe of the Mid-lobe of the
lip filiform,
50b.
51a.
lip
with entire margins P. tentaculata oblong-oblanceolate, with erose or pubescent margins. P. hemirhoda
51b.
52a.
Lip suborbicular, disc with a pair of conspicuous bilobed humps. P. Archidonae 52 Lip not suborbicular, either ovate or oblong Disc of the lip with a central callus near the base and a prominent clavatethickened mid-nerve near the apex; petals linear-attenuate. P. ruscifolia (P. multicaulis)
Disc of the lip without a central callus near the base or a clavate-thickened mid-nerve above 53
52b.
53a.
Flowers
sessile or
nearly so
54
53b.
54a.
Flowers distinctly pedicelled
55
54b.
55a.
Stems copiously branched; leaves up to 9.2 cm. long; anterior part of the P. frutex lip more or less narrower than the basal part Stems few-branched; leaves up to 16 cm. long; anterior part of the lip as broad as or broader than the basal part P. frutex var. robusta
Perianth elongate; sepals lanceolate-linear P. affinis Perianth abbreviated; sepals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. P. rigidifolia
Petals serrate to fimbriate or pubescent (sometimes obscurely so) 57 Petals entire on the margins, very rarely irregular in places or minutely 72 papillose
55b.
56a.
56b.
57a.
57b.
58a. 58b.
59a.
Flowers large, sepals 3.5 cm. or more long; petals subequal to the sepals; raceme erect, much surpassing the leaf. .P. phalangifera 1 (P. Mathewsii) Flowers relatively small, sepals 1.8 cm. or less long; petals distinctly shorter than the sepals 58
.
Inflorescence
much
longer than the subtending leaf, erect

if
59
Inflorescence shorter than the leaf, or,
Petals and lip

Petals
59b.
60a.
and
lip
60 nodding or diffuse narrowed above the middle P. scabrata abruptly P. cilidta var. elongala not abruptly narrowed above
longer,
60b. 61 a.
Leaf deeply cordate at the base; stems terete Leaf very shortly cordate to cuneate at the base
P. trachysepala*
61
61b.
62a.
62 Racemes not subtended by a large and conspicuous spathe Racemes subtended by a large and conspicuous spathe; petals pubescent.
Inflorescences arising from the base of the leaf
Inflorescences arising above the base of the leaf
P. spathata 63
68
62b.
1 The flowers of this concept (as Acronia phalangifera) were described as having a bipartite lip, but the species was placed as a synonym of P. Mathewsii by Lindley (Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis p. 8, no. 30. 1859) without comment. There seems to be no reasonable doubt that P. phalangifera and P. Mathewsii are conspecific.
2 This species, which has the general appearance of the section of Pleurothallis having cordate leaves with 1 -flowered inflorescences, is described as having fewflowered racemes. However, judged from a photograph of the vegetative parts and from most of the description, the concept might be referable even to P. cordata (Ruiz & Pav.) Lindl.
266
63a.

Lip sharply 3-lobed near the base
30
63b.
64a.
64 Lip simple or subsimple (at most with rounded and indistinct lateral 66 lobes)
Petals with a distinct narrow claw Petals without a distinct narrow claw
P. Smithiana
64b.
65a.
65 Flowers glabrous without; petals bicarinate in the middle; lateral lobes of the lip triangular P. carinata
65b.
66a.
Flowers finely short-pubescent without; petals of the lip semiovate

ated, densely flowered,
without keels; lateral lobes P. ciliata var. abbreviate/,
Stems gradually dilated upward (usually markedly
commonly
so); racemes abbrevifascicled; dorsal sepal 5.5 mm. or less
long
66b.
67
leaf,
Stems uniform above and below; racemes somewhat shorter than the
loosely flowered in course of development, single or rarely 2; dorsal sepal about 8 mm. or more long P. ciliata
67a.
Leaf ovate to
elliptic,
sepal narrowly oblong,
only about twice as long as wide or wider; dorsal P. chamensis var. tennis membranaceous
67b.
Leaf ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, about three times as long as wide or narrower; dorsal sepal obovate-oblong, fleshy. P. verruculosa
Petals deeply lacerate on each side above P. phyllostachys Petals merely serrate to crenate-serrate or denticulate 69 Sides of the petals notably dissimilar; petals sharply acuminate or awned, with a short keel in the middle in front P. decurrens
68a.
68b.
69a.
69b.
70a.
Sides of the petals closely similar; petals without a sharp point at the 70 apex or keel on the disc
70b.
71 a.
Leaves gradually long-cuneate toward the base; sepals pubescent on the outer surface; petals sharply truncate at the apex P. pantasmoides Leaves rounded to subcordate (rarely broadly cuneate) at the base; sepals glabrous on the outer surface; petals acute to broadly obtuse at 71 the apex Lip when expanded oblong-ovate, without elevated margins in front; P. chamensis ovary glabrous or essentially so
Lip when expanded oblong-obovate, with elevated margins throughout; P. casapensis ovary tomentose Base of the inflorescence with a more or less conspicuous and coriaceous, 73 conduplicate spathe which is commonly 2.5 cm. or more long .85 Base of the inflorescence without a conspicuous or elongate spathe.
. .
71b.
72a.
72b.
73a.
73b.
74a.
Petals elongate, usually acute or acuminate, subequaling the sepals ... 74 Petals relatively short, markedly shorter than the sepals 79
Leaf suborbicular (a little longer than wide), shallowly cordate at the P. penduliflora base; lip sharply 3-lobed
74b.
75a.
Leaf ovate to at the base
elliptic
(much longer than wide), usually cuneate
to
rounded
75
Lip transverse, i.e., broader than long when expanded, sharply genicu76 late in the middle Lip not transverse,
ulate
i.e.,
75b.
76a.
noticeably longer than broad, not sharply genic77
Inflorescence densely or subdensely many-flowered; flowers small, sepals 6.2 mm. or less long; lip simple or subsimple. .P. diffusa (P. semipellucida)

76b.
267
Inflorescence loosely many-flowered; flowers relatively large, sepals about 11 mm. long; lip lightly 3-lobed. P. diffusa var. grandiflora (P. semipellucida var. grandiflora)
77a.
77b.
78a.
Lip markedly shorter than the petals, rather abruptly narrowed above the middle; petals slightly broader near the base. P. pedunculata var. peruviana Lip subequal to the petals, very gradually long-acuminate from near the .78 base; petals more or less abruptly lanceolate-dilated near the base. Plant stout; raceme subequaling or slightly exceeding the leaf; lamina of the united lateral sepals bidentate above; lip prominently navicular. P. lanceolata
.
.
78b.
Plant slender; raceme usually much exceeding the leaf; lamina of the united lateral sepals entirely coalescent; lip concave but not navicular. P. Schweinfurthii (P. lanceolata var. gracilis)
79a.
79b.
80a.
Apex Apex
5
of the petals abruptly acute; lip with of the petals obtuse to
Lip sharply acute; lateral
an abrupt, long claw. .P. trulla rounded or truncate; lip without a claw. .80 sepals free; flowers relatively small, less than
P. fons florum
less
mm.
long
80b.
81a.
Lip subobtuse to rounded or retuse; lateral sepals more or flowers larger, about 6 mm. or more long
connate; 81 82 83
81b.
82a.
Lamina Lamina
of the lip slightly of the lip simple
but distinctly 3-lobed
82b.
83a.
Plant stout; racemes 4 or more to a plant; flowers white; sepals finely pubescent within; mid-lobe of the lip nearly as long as broad. .P. Vargasii Plant relatively slender; raceme solitary; flowers reddish yellow; sepals P. cyathiflora nearly glabrous within; mid-lobe of the lip transverse
83b.
84a.
Leaf ovate-subrotund, distinctly petioled P. cauliflora Leaf oblong to oblong-elliptic, sessile 84 Flowers relatively large, about 18-20 mm. long; sepals straight and P. Crocodilanthe parallel
1
84b.
85a.
Flowers relatively small, about 13 mm. or decurved when viewed from the side
less long; lateral sepals
strongly P. Cassidis
Sepals deeply carinate throughout, with a distinct, more or less high 86 wing
85b.
86a.
87 Sepals not deeply carinate with a distinct wing throughout Petals much surpassing the column, long-acuminate; floral bracts inconP. carnosifolia spicuous, apparently not carinate
Petals about equaling the dorsally carinate
86b.
87a.
column, acute;
floral
bracts conspicuous, P. tricarinata
Petals distinctly broader above the middle or, if oblong or elliptic-lanceo88 late, broadly rounded to retuse (rarely acute) at the apex
Petals distinctly narrowed toward the apex or linear (rarely clavate105 thickened near the tip)
87b.
88a.
Lamina Lamina
of the lip quadrate corner in front of the lip not
when expanded, with a
fleshy callus at each
88b.
89a.
ginal calli
P. quadrata quadrate when expanded and without fleshy mar89
Lip broader above the middle or with the posterior and anterior halves 90 about equally broad Lip distinctly narrowed above the middle
97
89b.
268
90a.
30
Sepals broadly oval or suborbicular-ovate, not much longer than broad, deeply cucullate; leaf narrowly lanceolate-elliptic, narrowed toward both ends P. divaricans
90b.
9 la.
Sepals oblong to elliptic-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
much
broad
longer than 91
Lip cuneate-obovate, minutely auriculate at the base, lamina traversed P. nigro-hirsuta 1 by 3 lines
92 Lip cuneate-oblong, oblanceolate-oblong or pandurate of the lip constricted in the middle, with the basal half not much narrower than the anterior half, provided with a pair of more or less conspicuous fleshy keels below or in the middle; sepals acute or acuminate. 93 Lamina of the lip not constricted in the middle, or if so (sometimes in P. gelida) markedly narrower in the lower half 95
91b.
92a.
Lamina
92b.
93a.
Lamina Lamina
nent
of the leaf oblong to elliptic-oblong, 12 wide; keels in the basal half of the lip of the leaf linear-oblong, 10 in the middle of the lip
mm.
(rarely) or
more
94
93b.
94a.
mm.
or less wide; keels
more promiP. tenuifolia
Sepals lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate; subretuse at the apex Sepals linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate;
lip
rounded or truncateP. rubens
94b.
95a.
apex Leaf narrowly linear with revolute margins, many times longer than broad, up to 5 mm. wide in the dried specimen. P. tenuifolia var. longisepala
Leaf oblong to oval, not
wide;
lip
lip prominently retuse at the P. excisa
95b.
many
times longer than broad,
bicarinate in the middle
cm. or more 96
long, lateral
96a.
Sepals lanceolate, long-narrowed above, about 11-16 sepals not saccate at the base; lip oblong-obovate.
Sepals oblong-lanceolate or broader, about 8 saccate at the base; lip cuneate
mm.
P. aurea (P. asperilinguis)

96b.
mm.
long, lateral sepals P. gelida
97a.
Base
Base
of the lip of the lip
with an abrupt, more or
less
elongate claw
98
97b.
98a.
without an abrupt, elongate claw, very shortly clawed or cuneate at the base 101
Inflorescences oval
much
shorter than the leaf; leaf elliptic to elliptic-ovate or P. vaginata (P. umbraticola)
98b.
99a.
Inflorescences longer than the leaf; leaf elliptic-linear or oblong to shortligulate
99
. .
99b.
lOOa.
Lip without a prominently narrowed or lobed anterior portion Lip with a prominent, narrow or lobed anterior portion
Rachis of the raceme not
fractiflex; flowers
P. Trulla 100
subapproximate
.P. dilatata
lOOb.
lOla.
Rachis of the raceme strongly
fractiflex; flowers
very remote. P. flexuosa (P. remotiflora)

P. stenopetala
Sepals linear or linear-lanceolate, relatively elongate; anterior part of the

lip papillose
lOlb.
Sepals ovate or oblong to elliptic-lanceolate (rarely suborbicular), rela102 tively short; anterior part of the lip not papillose
This species appears to be closely allied to P. aurea Lindl.

102a.
269
Racemes
loosely few-flowered; lateral sepals connate into an ovatesuborbicular, deeply concave lamina; petals fleshy- thickened above.
P. bicornis
102b.
103a.
Racemes densely many-flowered;
lateral sepals
lamina; petals not fleshy-thickened above Mid-lobe of the lip retuse; petals truncate or subtruncate above. P. retusiloba
not forming a suborbicular 103
103b.
104a.
.
Mid-lobe of the
lip
not retuse; petals acute to rounded above
104
Petals 3-nerved; leaves narrow, oblong-oblanceolate to linear-oblong, 1.5 cm. or less wide; rachis of the raceme stout P. trilineata 1 Petals 1-nerved (rarely with 1 or 2 indistinct lateral nerves toward the base); leaves relatively broad, lanceolate-elliptic to oval; rachis of the P. velaticaulis (P. Pittieri) raceme slender
Inflorescences longer than the leaf, usually
104b.
105a.
105b.
106a.
Inflorescences shorter than the leaf, usually
much so much so
106 114
106b.
107a.
107b.
108a.
Leaf suborbicular, shallowly cordate at the base; lip 3-lobed with incurved, P. penduliflora oblong lateral lobes Leaf not suborbicular (varying from oval or ovate to linear-oblong), commonly cuneate to rounded at the base; lip, if 3-lobed, without incurved, 107 oblong lateral lobes Plant small, usually about 11 cm. or less high; inflorescence only rarely P. pruinosa surpassing the leaves Plant relatively large, about 13 cm. or more high; inflorescence commonly much surpassing the leaves 108
Flowers large, about 15-20

Flowers small, about 11
mm.
long; petals elliptic-lanceolate.
P. restrepioides
108b.
109a.
or less long; petals linear, oblong-linear, 109 lanceolate-linear or filiform, sometimes more or less clavate above.
. . .
mm.
Uppermost internode
3-lobed,
of the
stem very short;
lip
much broader than
long
spreading, distinctly P. antennifera
109b.
HOa.
110 Uppermost internode of the stem not abbreviated Racemes few-flowered, loose; flowers large, sepals commonly about 10 mm.
long
P. secunda var. longiracema (P. Lindenii var. longiracema)

or less dense; flowers usually small, sepals or less long
less long; leaf petioled, 1.8
HOb.
Ilia.
Racemes many-flowered, more

7
mm.
Ill
Plant relatively small, stems 11.5 cm. or or less wide; flowers not bilabiate
cm.
P. angustipetala
sessile, 3.3
lllb.
112a.
Plant commonly large, stems usually 19 cm. or more long; leaf cm. or more wide; flowers bilabiate
112
Lip ovate or ovate-lanceolate, distinctly longer than broad. P. xanthochlora (P. huanucoensis)
113 Lip transverse, ovate-semiorbicular, broader than long Inflorescences dense or subdense; flowers small, sepals 6.2 mm. or less long. P. diffusa (P. semipellucida)
112b.
113a.
113b.
114a.
mm.
114b.
1
Inflorescences loosely flowered; flowers relatively large, sepals about 11 long. .P. diffusa var. grandiflora (P. semipellucida var. grandiflora)
.
Anterior part of the Anterior part of the
lip
lip
conspicuously fimbriate-dentate not fimbriate-dentate

velaticaulis.
P. bicornis 115
This concept
may
prove to be a variant of P.
270
115a.
FIELDI ANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
Lip with a prominent claw or narrow basal portion, acute or apiculate above 116 Lip
sessile or
115b.
116a.
nearly so, without a prominent, narrow, basal portion
.117
Petals narrowly linear, lightly sigmoid; lateral lobes of the lip broad, subP. genychila orbicular-aliform; leaf subpetiolate-attenuate below Petals linear-lanceolate, not sigmoid; lateral lobes of the lip obliquely P. tunguraguae obtriangular; leaf with a distinct, narrow petiole
116b.
117 a.
117b.
118a.
Outline of the Outline of the
lip
suborbicular-ovate to ovate or broadly obovate.
.118
.
lip
oblanceolate-oblong to linear
less long; lip
120
Plant small, leaf 4.5 cm. or or acuminate apex
gradually narrowed to the acute P. pruinosa
118b.
119a.
Plant large, leaf 7.5 cm. or more long; times with an abruptly acute apex)
lip
broadly rounded in front (some119
119b.
120a.
Lip ovate or suborbicular-ovate, often minutely and abruptly acute, bicalP. secunda (P. Lindenii) 1 lose at the base with widely separated calli rounded and obtuse in front, unicallose at the base. Lip broadly obovate, P. Cajamarcae
Leaf broader above the middle;
lip
more
lip
or less acute
P. obovata
121
120b.
121a.
Leaf not broader above the middle;

lip
obtuse
Shape about
of the leaf elliptic, 1.5
mm.
long
cm. or more wide; sepals about 5 mm. long; P. angustildbia (P. citrina var. elliptica)
1.1
121b.
Shape of the leaf oblong-ligulate, lip about 2 mm. long
cm. or
less
wide; sepals 7-8
mm.
long;
P. citrina
Pleurothallis
thallis 33,
acuminata (HBK.)
f.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 70,
no. 13. 1842; Reichb.
Bonpl. 2: 24. 1854; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleuro-
no. 198. 1859.
Dendrobium acuminatum
HBK. Nov.
Gen. etSp. 1:357. 1816.

sheathed, monophyllous.
Plant rather large, epiphytic, about 45 cm. high. Stem abbreviated, angled, Leaf oblong or elliptic-oblong, narrowed to the base and apex, about 5 cm. long, up to 1.9 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1-2, up to 15 cm. Flowers apparently yellowish red. Sepals long, strict, flowering to the base. scarcely spreading, glabrous, subequal, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 13 mm. long. Petals three or four times shorter than the sepals, narrowly oblong, acute. Lip slightly longer than the petals, oblong, attenuate above and below, obtuse or retuse at the apex, near the base undulate-constricted on each side, with 3 carinate nerves. Column slender, shorter than the petals and lip, winged, with a cucullate, denticulate apex.
Prov. of Jaen de Bracamoros, near the district of Pomahuaca,
according to
HBK.
This concept appears to be too inadequately described to present a clear diagnosis and so is not entered in the key.
1 In the original description and figure of this species, the lip was shown as long-clawed, but a flower from the type proves this characterization to be erroneous.

Pleurothallis acutiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mansf. ined. Humboldtia acutiflora Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. etChil. 1:236. 1798.
species.
271
=
Fl.
obscure Peruv.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, on
trees
and rocks, Ruiz
&
Pavon
s.n.
Pleurothallis affinis Lindl. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 354. 1836; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 16, no. 81. 1859. Humboldtia affinis 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Plant large.
tall, unifoliate.
Stem
stout, basal portion of type (incomplete) about 13

sessile or
cm.
nearly so, narrowly lanceolate, narrowed to an acute, tridentate apex, cuneate below, about 30 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. Inflorescences abbreviated, numerous, 1-flowered, in a dense glomerule. Flowers
all free,
Leaf erect,
long-pedicelled, very small. apparently about 7
mm.
Sepals "linear" or lanceolate-linear, long-attenuate; long. Petals similar but narrower. Lip much
smaller, arcuate in natural position, oblong-ovate, obtuse, short-unguiculate with the sides of the lower portion erect. Column semiterete, little shorter than the
lip,
a distinct foot.
with a pair of narrow teeth on either side of the clinandrium, produced into Ovary pubescent.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Matthews 1899.
This concept, represented in the Ames Herbarium only by a photograph of the type collection with a rather incomplete floral analysis drawn by Lindley, is a rather obscure species and may be identical with P. rigidifolia Reichb. f.
Pleurothallis amygdalodora Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37:

521. 1906.
Plant small or very small.
posed above,
filiform,
up
Stems densely caespitose, few-branched or superto 10 cm. tall, several-jointed, entirely concealed by
Leaves oval close, tubular, lepanthiform sheaths with a spreading hispid mouth. to suborbicular-obovate, up to 1.5 cm. long including the short petiole and 8 mm. wide, obtuse to retuse above, cuneate below, more or less fleshy. Inflorescences
axillary,
commonly
solitary,
much
surpassing the leaves, few- (up to 15-) flowered,
very loosely flowered; rachis slender-filiform, more or less fractiflex; pedicels elongate. Flowers small, but large for the plant, membranaceous, white. Dorsal sepal from an ovate, strongly cucullate base gradually long-caudate, 6-8 mm. long. Lateral sepals about equally long, from a lanceolate base narrowed into a longcaudate apex. Petals much smaller than the sepals, oblong-oblanceolate, oblique, acute. Lip larger than the petals, oblong-ovate in outline, shallowly 3-lobed near the cuneate base; about 2 mm. long and 1 mm. wide below; lateral lobes short, semiobovate; mid-lobe lanceolate-oblong and obtuse. Column slender, nearly equaling the petals, with a pair of rounded wings above.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Hualgayoc, Valley of the Taolis, 2800

meters,
in
thickets
Weberbauer
4824
evergreens rich in sclerophyllous forms, Cuzco: Prov. of Convencion, Hda. (type).

of
Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphytic in forest, Vargas
272

Junin:
30
La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1230 meters, Macbride 5781. epiphytic,

2585.
Pleurothallis angustilabia Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 71. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 113, nr. 442. 1929. PUu.rothallis citrina Schltr. var. elliptica C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 9. 1953.
Plant medium-sized, up to 25 cm. tall. Rhizome abbreviated. Stems more or less approximate, 7-15 cm. long, monophyllous, 3- to 4-jointed, with several close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect or nearly so, distinctly petioled; lamina elliptic or oblong-elliptic, subacute to obtuse, 3.5-10 cm. long, up to 3 cm. wide; petiole 6-20 mm. long. Inflorescences 2 to numerous, much shorter than the leaves, loosely up to 12-flowered, rarely up to 7.3 cm. long. Flowers small, membranaceous, greenish to yellow, glabrous. Dorsal sepal lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, acuminate or long-acuminate, strongly concave, 5-7 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, about as long as the dorsal sepal but slightly narrower, oblique and lightly falcate. Petals a little shorter than the basal sepals, from an
oblong long-acuminate, subfalcate. Lip oblong-linear to narrowly oblong, lightly arcuate, rather fleshy, obtuse to rounded at the apex, up to 3 mm. long! Column about a half or a third as long as the petals, terminating in a rather abrupt wing which is irregularly dentate at the subtruncate apex.
portion
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, Sta. Rita, 2500 meters, on rocks, Vargas 3344Valle de Santa Ana, Bues s.n., fide Herrera, Sin. Fl. Cuzco 1: 196. 1941. Junfn: Between Panti
of P. angustilabia). of Carabaya, Ollachea (abajo), 2500 meters, on rocks, Vargas 6936 (type of P. citrina var. elliptica).
and Rocchas, 2000 meters, Weberbauer 6540 (type
-Puno: Prov.
Harvard Univ. 16:
Pleurothallis angustipetala C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 45, t. 5. 1953. Figure 46.
densely subdensely manyflowered above, looser below. Flowers commonly secund, yellow-green, with spreading segments. Sepals minutely cellular-papillose within. Dorsal' sepal narrowly lanceolate, long-narrowed to an acute apex, up to 9.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate, gently recurved above, subequally long with the dorsal sepal and a little wider. Petals scarcely more than half as long as the
Plant medium-sized, slender, with a Stems in pairs, creeping rhizome. slender, monophyllous, 4-11.5 cm. long, with 3 or 4 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, petioled, up to 7.2 cm. long; lamina oblong-elliptic, acute or obtuse, cuneate below, up to 6.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, nearly twice as long as the leaf, about 12.2 cm. or less or long,
Lip sigmoid when viewed from the side, somewhat longer than the petals, pandurate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, about 5.9 mm. long; basal portion subquadrate-oblong, with a pair of low keels; anterior portion
sepals, linear, acute.
longer and broader, oblong-ovate, than the petals, about 3 mm. long.
up
to 2.1
mm.
wide.
Column
slightly small, shorter
FIG. 46.
Pleurothallis angustipetala C. Schweinf.

3,
1,
plant;
expanded;
X 3K-
column and
lip
from
side, natural position;
X K- 2, X S A1
flower,
273
274
FIELDI ANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 2800 meters, epiSame locality, 3200 meters, epiphytic in rain-forest, "ceja de montana," Vargas 3006a.
phyte, Vargas 4956 (type).
no. 178. 1859.
Pleurothallis antennifera Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 30, Humboldtia antennifera 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI.
pt. 2: 667. 1891.

Plant medium-sized, up to 34 cm. high from the long creeping rhizome. Secondary stems distant, monophyllous, up to 18 cm. high, slender, with the uppermost internode relatively short and provided with a ventricose, acute, carinate sheath. Leaf oblong-ovate or lanceolate-elliptic, erect, narrowed to an obtuse apex, cuneate at the subsessile or shortly petioled base, up to 7.6 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, slender-racemose, arcuate-suberect, up to 18.8 cm. long, densely many-flowered, secund. Flowers rather small, ringent, pale green, bilabiate, about 7 mm. long. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate acute lamina which is much broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals filiform-linear, erect, obtuse. Lip very small, triangular in outline, nearly twice as broad as long, 3-lobed near the base, with the lateral lobes dwarf and rounded and the mid-lobe much larger, ovate-triangular and acute. Column short, stout, truncate.
"Peru"(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 139. 1921.
Ecuador
(type).
This diagnosis was prepared with the aid of a photograph of the type bearing a floral analysis, from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Pleurothallis arbuscula Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 72, no. 32. 1842; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 32, no. 193. 1859. Humboldtia arbuscula O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Plant slender, medium-sized, about 24 cm. or less tall. Stems caespitose, slender, proliferating or with a few ascending branches above, remotely fewleaved in the upper part, up to 18 cm. high, entirely concealed by close, tubular,
Leaves erect, shortly lepanthiform sheaths with an erect-spreading mouth. petioled; lamina elliptic or "oval," acute and mucronate, cuneate below, up to 3.3 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Racemes solitary, far surpassing the leaf, up to 9 cm. long, flexuous or arcuate, subdensely many-flowered, secund. Perianth segments only little spreading. Sepals free, linear, obtuse, about 1.3 cm. long. Petals dwarf, broadly oblong, rounded above. Lip about twice as long as the petals, linear-oblong or "ligulate," rounded at the apex, bicarinate through the basal half.
Cajamarca,
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 139. 1921.
Ecuador
(type).
This description was made by examining a photograph of the type with floral analysis, from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Pleurothallis Archidonae Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 15,

no. 74. 1859; Kranzl. Xen. Orch. 3: 171,
t.
299,
fig. III.
9-13. 1900;

Fedde Repert.
Gen.
more
Plant
tall,
275
179. 1905.
Humboldtia Archidonae 0. Ktze. Rev.
PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891.
over 56 cm. high. Stems few, crowded, up to about 40 cm. or bearing several short sheaths. Leaf erect, elliptic-lanceolate or oblong, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate at the sessile base, up to 22 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide. Inflorescences fascicled in the leaf-axil. Flowers successive, brown to purple, rather large, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, 1-1.8 cm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a deeply concave, suborbicular lamina, which is slightly shorter but much broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals elliptic-lanceolate or "ovate-lanceolate," acute, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal, minutely crenulate. Lip minute, cordate-suborbicular, with a pair of conspicuous bilobed humps, one on each side. Column a little longer than the lip.
tall, unifoliate,
in a thicket of
Cajamarca: Prov. of Chota, near Huambos, 2400-2500 meters, mixed trees and shrubs, Weberbauer 4%01, fide Kranzl. Ecuador (type).
This diagnosis was prepared by the aid of a photograph of the type bearing a floral analysis, from the Lindley Herbarium.
Pleurothallis attenuata Rolfe,
Kew
Bull. (1909) 364.
Plant small, caespitose. Stems very short, concealed by sheaths, monophyllous. Leaf small, shortly petioled, up to 3.3 cm. long; lamina oblong-elliptic, minutely 3-denticulate at the apex, cuneate below, up to 2.7 cm. long and 10 mm.
Peduncle and rachis filiform, up to 8 cm. long, loosely 2- to 4-flowered. Flowers large for the plant, with subparallel segments, green marked with purple. Sepals similar, free. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-linear, acute or subacute, about 1.6 cm. long. Lateral sepals linear, slightly shorter and narrower than the dorsal Petals linear or linear-lanceolate, subacute, markedly shorter than the sepal. sepals, pubescent on the margins. Lip relatively minute, about one fourth to one
wide.
third as long as the sepals, oblong to narrowly ovate-oblong, lightly constricted in the middle, obtuse to truncate at the apex, with the margins serrate to minutely erose, about 3-4 mm. long and 1 mm. wide; a tuberculate keel extends through
the middle of the anterior part. broadly winged above.
Column a
little
shorter than the
lip,
arcuate,
Habitat unknown.
9: 139. 1921.
Peru(?), fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
Pleurothallis aurea Lindl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 397. 1843; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 33, no. 201. 1859. Pleurothallis asperilinguis Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 114. 1854; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Humboldtia asperilinguis O. Ktze. Pleurothallis 34, no. 202. 1859. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891. Humboldtia aurea 0. Ktze. I.e.
Plant small to medium-sized, with an abbreviated rhizome, variable, about 9-26 cm. high. Stems crowded, unifoliate, 2-9 cm. high, the lower part with 2-5 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect-spreading, sessile to short-petioled
;
276
FIELDI ANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
lamina oblong-elliptic (rarely elliptic or oblong), acute and apiculate to rounded at the apex, cuneate below, thickly coriaceous, about 2.7-8.7 cm. long, up to 2.2 cm. wide. Inflorescences much exceeding the leaf, usually 1 or 2 (rarely 3), erect
or suberect, racemose, subdensely many-flowered, often floriferous nearly to the base, up to 23 cm. long. Flowers commonly secund, medium-sized, campanulate,
Sepals free, short-pubescent or papillose within. Dorsal sepal lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate or gradually narrowed to an acute apex, about 10-16.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals very similar, but often slightly
green to yellow.
longer, somewhat oblique. Petals about half as long as the dorsal sepal, obovateoblong to cuneate-oblong, acute to rounded at the tip, 3-nerved. Lip about as long as the petals, arcuate below, oblong-obovate when expanded, obtuse to rounded in front, about 4.8-5.6 mm. long and 2 mm. or more wide above the middle; disc with a pair of thickened nerves, fleshy parallel ridges or keels extending from near the base to the upper portion. Column small, stout or slender, with an apically denticulate wing.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. (type of P. asperilinPuno: Prov. of Carabaya, below Ollachea, 2500 meters, on Also Venezuela (type of P. aurea) and Ecuador. rocks, Vargas 6941
guis).
-
Pleurothallis bicornis Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis
7,
no. 29.
1859; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 84. 1951. Humboldtia bicornis 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Plant large, up to 59 cm. or more
tall.
Stems approximate on the woody
rhizome, monophyllous, up to 45.5 cm. high, with 2 or 3 close, tubular sheaths (the upper one remote). Leaf erect (erroneously called deflexed), oblong-ovate (rarely ovate or elliptic), commonly lightly cordate at the sessile base, subacute to short-acuminate, up to 15.5 (rarely 24) cm. long, 3.5-12 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 to several, fascicled, diffuse or nodding, more or less shorter than the
Flowers medium-sized, ringent, bilabiate, white or Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate or narrowly mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate-suborbicular lamina which is minutely bidentate at the apex, about as long as the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals obliquely oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, fleshy (especially above), obtuse, somewhat shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip minute, abruptly reflexed or geniculate near the base, with the sides of the basal part erect and the flat forward portion suborbicular-ovate and irregularly dentate, up to 3 mm. long and wider in natural position; disc near the base with a pair of short, erect, fleshy keels extended into the erect basal sides. Column minute, about equaling the lip, dilated above.
leaf, loosely several-flowered.
translucent with red or violet stripes. elliptic-lanceolate, acute, up to 13.5
Amazonas,
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 139. 1921.
Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Vilcabamba, 2700 meters, on shrubby slopes, Vargas 3947. Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphytic in forest, Vargas 2548. Huanuco: Mito, about 2770 meters, on ledges of shrubby hillsides, Macbride 8286. Same locality and altitude as the last, on steep southwestern slope, Macbride & Feather stone 1397 (fruit).
277
Pleurothallis brevispicata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 173, t. 17, figs. 8-14. 1942. Figure 51.
Plant small, up to 12 cm. high. Stems slender, caespitose, up to 10 cm. long, monophyllous (rarely superposed), entirely concealed by 5-7 close, tubular, lepanthiform sheaths with a spreading, hispid mouth. Leaf small, elliptic to linear-elliptic, acute, narrowed below into a more or less distinct petiole, up to 4.6 cm. long and 7 mm. wide. Inflorescences 1-5, shorter than or slightly surleaf, loosely few- (up to 9-) flowered, generally arcuate in course of Dorsal sepal development. Flowers small, membranaceous, greenish white. ovate or ovate-lanceolate, concave, acute or short-acuminate, about 6-8 mm. long. Lateral sepals shorter than the dorsal sepal, obliquely lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, connate near the base, long-acuminate. Petals about half as long as the dorsal sepal, oblong-obovate, broadly rounded above. Lip nearly as small as the petals, recurved in natural position, ovate-oblong when expanded, broadly rounded in front, sessile at the base, prominently bicarinate near the base, 3-3.6 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide across the dilated basal part. Column abbreviated, with a conspicuous subquadrate foot.
passing the
Huanuco: Yanano, about 1800 meters, dense epiphyte, Macbride

3838 (type.)
Tambo
white, on trees, Macbride 4$44, 4461 a.
de Vaca, about 3900 meters, flowers greenish Alturas del Chaco, Santa
(Bues
coll.).
Ana
Valley, Herrera 2124
Pleurothallis Cajamarcae Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 73.

1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57:
Plant large, erect, up to 75 cm.
tall,
t.
113, nr. 444. 1929.
with an abbreviated rhizome.
Stem
slender, monophyllous, provided with 4 or 5 close, tubular sheaths, up to 55 cm. long. Leaf erect or nearly so, oblong-lanceolate, acute, sessile with a subrounded
up to 20 cm. long and nearly 5 cm. wide. Racemes 2 to 4, pendulous, up to 10 cm. long, loosely 5- to 8-flowered above. Flowers medium-sized, glabrous, Dorsal sepal lanceolate, "narrowly oblong," subobtuse, concave, pale brown. about 11 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate, obtuse, concave lamina which is about as long as the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals slightly shorter than the sepals, linear-lanceolate, falcate, acute or acuminate, minutely papillose. Lip small, about a third as long as the sepals, sessile, geniculate, obovate in outline, broadly rounded above, with a depressed, apiculate callus at
base,
the base, scarcely 4

footless.
mm.
long.
Column very_short and
stout, dilated above,
Cajamarca: Huambos, 2400-2500 meters, Weberbauer 4201.

Pleurothallis carinata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 85,
t.
24. 1951.
Figure 47.
is
Plant rather small, epiphytic, with a creeping rhizome which Stems about 2 cm. apart, 5.5-6 cm. tall, close, scarious sheaths.
concealed by
1- or 2-jointed,
not broadened above, unifoliate at the apex, with 2 or 3 below. Leaf erect, oblong-elliptic, subacute to obtuse,
close,
tubular sheaths
the broadly
sessile at
PLEUROTHALLIS
cartnaicL
C, Scfuri&'inf/
FIG. 47.
side;
Pleurothallis carinala C. Schweinf.
1,
plant;
side;
X %.
5.
2,
X 2%.
natural
3, petal; 5. position;
5.
4,
column and
lip
from
5, lip
flower from from above,
278
279
cuneate base, about 8.4 cm. long and 2.15 cm. wide, fleshy-coriaceous. Inflorescences 1 or 2, very short, loosely racemose and 2-flowered above, about 1.5
cm. long. Flowers dark yellow, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-lanceoacuminate, concave below, with a fleshy, lightly recurved upper portion, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a deeply concave, ovate-lanceolate, bidentate lamina which is slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal but about twice as wide. Petals about half as long as the sepals, oblong-lanceolate, sharply acute, somewhat dilated unequally on each side of the base, minutely serrulate above the middle, with the inner surface bicarinate through the middle. Lip slightly shorter than the petals, oblong-ovate, abruptly acute and apiculate, provided on each side near the base with a small, erect, triangular lobule, about 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide; disc shortly bicarinate above the middle. Column slender, arcuate, with a deeply dentate wing above, slightly shorter than the lip.
late,
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Murayaca, Marcapata, 13001600 meters, Vargas 3757.

Pleurothallis carnosifolia C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 87, t. 25. 1951. Figure 48.
foliate, entirely
Plant small, inconspicuous, up to 8 cm. tall. Stems caespitose, short, uniconcealed by 3-5 close, tubular sheaths, up to 3 cm. high. Leaves
narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, very fleshy and usually conduplicate in the dried specimen, acute or subacute, gradually narrowed to a sessile or scarcely Inflorescences axillary, petioled base, up to 5.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide.
erect,
racemose above, commonly subequaling or exceeding the leaf, very Flowers large for the plant, fleshy, campanulate, yellow and coffee-color. Sepals conspicuously carinate without, recurved above. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, long-narrowed to an acute tip, concave below, about 9.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals very similar to the dorsal sepal but slightly narrower. Petals similar to the sepals but smaller, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, locally erose. Lip much smaller than the other segments, simple, lightly arcuate-recurved with erect sides and about 4 mm. long in natural position, lanceolate-ovate, acute, rounded at the base and 1.3 mm. wide when expanded. Column small, about half as long as the lip, denticulate at the truncate apex, with a prominent
fascicled, 4-7,
loosely 3- to 5-flowered.
fleshy foot.
Cuzco:. Prov. of Urubamba, Salapunco (Km. 84), 2400 meters,
on mossy rocks, Vargas 5989.

Pleurothallis casapensis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 76, no. 61. Humboldtia casa1842; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 13, no. 60. 1859. 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891. pensis
Plant rather small, with a creeping rhizome, up to 18 cm. high (apex of erect incomplete in the type). Stems more or less separated on the rhizome, erect or spreading, monophyllous, 4-angulate or narrowly bialate, up to 9 cm. high. Leaf oblong-ovate, lightly cordate or broadly rounded at the base, subacute to obtuse at the apex, decurrent on the stem, up to about 9 cm. long and 3.6 cm. wide. Raceme several-flowered, spicate, about half as long as the leaf or less. Flowers
leaf
PLEUROTHALLIS
carnosifolia
FIG. 48.
leaf
Pleurothallis carnosifolia C. Schweinf.
with upper part of stem;
X %.
3, lip,
1, plant; X three quarters view;
IK-
2,
another
4, dorsal
6.
sepal;
4.
5, petal;
4.
6,
column with
280
lateral sepal;
4.
281
small, yellow, smooth, with pubescent ovary. Sepals fleshy. Dorsal sepal oblongLateral sepals connate into an ovate-oblong bidentate oblanceolate, acute. lamina which is slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals thinner, about half
as long as the lateral sepals, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute, serrate above the middle. Lip fleshy, slightly longer than the petals, oblong-obovate, acute, concave,
with the margins elevated and lightly serrulate.

the petals.
Column
slender, shorter
than
Huanuco: Cassapi (Casapi), MathewslSSO (type). Also Ecuador. The description was amplified by a photograph of an Ecuadorian collection of P. casapensis bearing a floral analysis, from the Lindley
Herbarium.
Pleurothallis Cassidis Lindl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 384. Humboldtia Cassidis 1845; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 3, no. 5. 1859. 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Plant large, stout, caespitose, variable throughout, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems commonly crowded, up to 41.5 cm. long, unifoliate, provided at the base and near the middle with a tubular, evanescent sheath, the upper one being elongate and rather loose. Leaf oblong-elliptic or broadly oblong, obtuse, sessile with an amplexicaul base, 10-20 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, thickly coriaceous.
the
Inflorescences axillary, 3 to numerous, erect to diffuse, subequaling or surpassing leaf, up to about 19 cm. long, many-flowered almost to the base, subtended by a prominent conduplicate spathe 3-5.5 cm. long. Flowers small, translucent,
mm.
whitish or yellow, lined with maroon. Dorsal sepal strongly galeate and 5.5-13 long in natural position, ovate-elliptic when expanded, acute or apiculate.
Lateral sepals connate through the lower half into a suborbicular to oblong-ovate, deeply concave lamina which is much shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals
broadly oblong to obovate-oblong, oblique, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 3nerved, more or less shorter than the lateral sepals. Lip suborbicular to suborbicular-oblong, rounded to slightly retuse at the apex, provided with a short keel on each side near the middle of the lateral margin, about 2-4 mm. long and subequally wide or more or less narrower. Column minute, about half as long as the lip.
Cuzco Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 2700 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 4960. Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, near Chinchao, Carpish Pass, about 2760 meters, epiphyte in mossy forest, Hodge 6280. Also Colombia (type).
:
Harvard Univ.
Pleurothallis caudatipetala C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: 175, t. 22, figs. 5-8. 1942. Figure 64.
Plant very small, caespitose, 1.5-3.5 cm. high. Stems abbreviated, congested, by 2 tubular, evanescent sheaths, up to 4 mm. long. Leaf obovate to cuneate-spatulate, up to 15 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, subacute to rounded at the apex, cuneate below. Inflorescences commonly solitary, shorter than or surpassing the leaf, 1-flowered to loosely several- (11-) flowered. Flowers
unifoliate, concealed
282
small, campanulate,
long-ciliate.
30
membranaceous. Sepals varying from glabrous to sparingly Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute, concave near the base, about Lateral sepals connate into an elliptic-ovate, bidentate lamina 3.6 mm. long. which is slightly longer and much wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals a little shorter than the sepals, with the lower half obovate-oblong and the upper half abruptly caudate. Lip minute, pandurate-oblong, lightly retuse at the broad apex, with the margins (except near the base and middle) fimbriate, about 2 mm. or less long and 1 mm. wide where broadest. Column shorter than the lip, dilated upward, broadly winged throughout, lobulate with denticulate margins at the
apex.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2040 meters, on rocks, Vargas 3367. Huanuco; Prov. of Huanuco, west of Divisoria, 1400 meters, epiphyte in forest, Asplund 12619. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1307 (type).
Pleurothallis caulescens Lindl. Hook. Journ. Bot. 1: 9. 1834; Humboldtia caulescens
Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 44, no. 280. 1859. 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 74. 1921;
Pleurothallis graminea Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57:
t.
114, nr. 447. 1929.
Plant small, caespitose, up to 16 cm. tall. Stems crowded, slender, distichously leafy, entirely concealed by the leaf-sheaths. Leaves small, linear or
linear-lanceolate (sometimes elliptic-linear), unjointed, up to 2.9 cm. long and 4.5 mm. wide (the uppermost being the largest), obtuse and apiculate, sessile, Racemes terminal, 1-4, rather densely several- to many-flowered, spreading.
up
to 10.5 cm. tall. Flowers membranaceous, rather small, yellow, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, very acute or acuminate, concave, 4.5-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but smaller, long-acuminate (rarely subobtuse), connate near the base. Petals about half as long as the sepals, obliquely oblanceolate or rhombic-oblanceolate (elliptic-ovate), acute or obtuse. Lip much shorter than the petals, ovate in outline, 3-lobed below the middle with the lateral lobes semiobovate and rounded and the larger mid-lobe ovate or oblong-elliptic and commonly retuse at the rounded apex, about 1.5 mm. long, and 1.1 mm. wide across the lateral lobes. Column abbreviated.
Cuzco: Near Sandia, 2600-2800 meters, on branches in the shade

in dense thicket, Weberbauer 758 (type of P. graminea Schltr.). Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 139. 1921. Ecuador
(type of P. caulescens}.
A photograph of the type of P. caulescens with a floral analysis, from the Lindley Herbarium, as well as Ecuadorian material referred to this species, aided the above diagnosis.
Pleurothallis cauliflora Lindl. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 355. 1836; Hook. Ic. PI. 1: t. 50. 1837; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 4, no. 10. 1859. Humboldtia cauliflora 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: 667. 1891.
283
Plant large, up to 39.3 cm. tall. Stem rather slender, monophyllous, up to 20 cm. high, provided with 3 tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is largest and widely separated. Leaf distinctly petioled; lamina ovate-suborbicular, about 8.2 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, rounded at the apex, broadly rounded at the base; Inflorescences 4-4, much surpassing the leaf, about petiole about 2 cm. long. 20 cm. or less long, densely or subdensely many-flowered, secund, diffuse, subtended by a conspicuous spathe up to 3.4 cm. long. Flowers rather large, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate, concave, bidentate lamina which is markedly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals about half as long as the dorsal sepal, ovate-oblong or "linear," obtuse. Lip somewhat shorter than the petals, suborbicular, broadly rounded or retuse at the apex, ecallose. Column about as long as the lip, clavate.
Cajamarca,
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 139. 1921.
Ecuador
(type).
The above diagnosis was prepared chiefly from a photograph of the type bearing a floral analysis, from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Pleurothallis chamaelepanthes Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 3: 240. 1855;
Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 26, no. 154. 1859. Humboldtia chamaelepanthes 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Plant small, slender, up to about 10 cm. high.
Stems very slender, some-
times short-branched or proliferous above, up to about 7.6 cm. long, entirely invested by close, pubescent sheaths with a spreading hispid mouth. Leaf abruptly short-petioled; lamina oval to oblong-elliptic ("oblong"), subacute to emarginate at the apex, marginate, up to 1.2 cm. long and 7 mm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, axillary, capillary, a little surpassing the leaf, few- (about 2-) flowered,
less long. Flowers small, yellow, membranaceous, long-pedicelled. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, concave below, tapering to a long subulate apex, with the margins minutely scabrous. Lateral sepals subequal but perhaps narrower, bifid nearly to the base. Petals very short (about a third as
about 2 cm. or
long as the dorsal sepal), obliquely ligulate, obtuse. Lip oblong-ovate in outline, short-clawed, 3-lobed near the base, apparently a little longer than the petals; lateral lobes dwarf, semiobovate or "acinacif orm" mid-lobe much longer, ovate;
oblong ("ligulate"), obtuse. Column small, slender, with a pair of small dentiform lateral lobules near the apex.
Peru: Tacna, Valley of Lloa (Loa), on trees, Jameson 313 (type). This diagnosis was largely compiled from drawings of this concept,
from the Reichenbach Herbarium.

2, no. 7.
Pleurothallis chamensis Lindl. Orch. Linden.
1846;
Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 13, no. 59. 1859; Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. Humboldtia chamensis 0. Ktze. Rev. 54, Beibl. 117, p. 21. 1916.
Gen.
PI. pt. 2: 666. 1891.
Plant variable, small to medium-sized, 6.2-23 cm. high, commonly with a Stems more or less separated, unifoliate, 3.5-15 cm. long, creeping rhizome.
284
30
angled, narrowly bialate above, more or less dilated upward, with 1 or 2 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths at the base. Leaf erect or erect-spreading, broadly oval to oblong-elliptic or ovate to oblong-ovate, rounded, obtuse or acute above,
rounded to shortly cordate (rarely broadly cuneate) at the sessile base, with the lower part shortly decurrent on the apex of the stem, 2.7-10.5 cm. long, up to 4.7 cm. broad. Inflorescences 1 to several, commonly much shorter than the leaf (rarely subequaling the leaf), rising above the base of the leaf, racemose, densely few- to several-flowered. Flowers greenish yellow or yellow to orange-tan, rather
more or less fleshy, ringent. Dorsal sepal linear-oblong to oblanceolateoblong, acute (rarely obtuse), up to 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, sharply bidentate lamina, which is rather shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals about half as long as the lateral sepals, ellipticsmall,
lanceolate to rhombic-oblanceolate
(rarely spatulate), acute (rarely obtuse), serrate to sharply fimbriate-dentate above the middle. Lip simple, ovate-oblong to Ungulate with upcurved sides near the base in natural position, broadly rounded
in front (rarely acute) with the anterior
margins minutely serrulate to erose-
dentate, shortly cuneate at the base, with a pair of indistinct, intramarginal keels below the middle, up to 4.6 mm. long and 2.2 mm. wide above the middle. Column
small, subequaling the petals, arcuate, dilated
above with a denticulate apex.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Smith 22842. Huancameters, epiphytic in open woods, Killip velica: Prov. of Tayacaja, Ampurco, Salcabamba-Surcubamba Trail,
&
2900 meters, epiphytic on moss-covered trees in fog zone, Stork & Horton 10421. Junin: Huacapistana, about 1800 meters, epiphyte in densely forested valley, Killip & Smith 24285 (spatulate petals). Piura: Prov. of Huancabamba, on the western slopes of the Cordillera east of Huancabamba, near Hacienda Chantaco, 2500 meters, in sclerophyllous thickets consisting of trees and shrubs, Weberbauer 6313. Also Colombia and Venezuela (type).
Pleurothallis chamensis Lindl. var. tenuis C. Schweinf. Bot. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 176. 1942.
Mus.
Plant differs from the type in being more slender, up to 10.5 cm. tall, with apparently caespitose stems, ovate to elliptic, more acute leaves (up to 4.5 cm. long and 2.3 cm. wide) and flowers which are very similar to those of the type, but more membranaceous in texture and noted as "dark maroon with yellowtipped petal."
,
Huanuco:
District of
rarda, 1560 meters, epiphytic on tree trunks,
Churubamba, Hacienda Mercedes, CotiMexia 821 5a.
9: 73. 1921;
Pleurothallis chanchamayoensis Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 113, nr. 445. 1929.
Plant erect, slender, about 35 cm. tall, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stem with 3 close, brown, tubular sheaths in the lower half, monophyllous, up Leaf horizontal, ovate, rather long-acuminate, deeply cordate to 31 cm. long.
terete,

with overlapping auricles at the
basal auricles) and 6 cm. wide.
285
Flowers medium-sized.
sessile base, up to 12 cm. long (including the Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, fascicled. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, narrowed to an obtuse apex,
concave, 9 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a concave, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse lamina, which is as long as the dorsal sepal, and situated on the upper side of the flower. Petals about half as long as the sepals, lanceolate-linear, lightly falcate, subacute. Lip shorter than the petals, elliptic-obovate or "oblongligulate" in outline, acute, auriculate-cordate at the base, about 3.5 mm. long and 1.8 mm. wide in the middle, somewhat constricted near the base, provided with a basal, semielliptic excavation. Column very short and stout, with a short subulate rostellum.
Junin: Near
La Merced
in the
Chanchamayo
Valley, A.
&
C.
Kohler
s.n.
1942. 1838.
Pleurothallis ciliaris (Lindl.) L. 0. Wms. Caldasia no. 5: 14. Specklinia ciliaris Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24, Misc. 31, no. 40.
Plant small, caespitose, 5-14 cm. high. Stems slender, unifoliate, spreading, or less flexuous, up to 9 cm. long, entirely concealed by close tubular sheaths which terminate in a conspicuously spreading, ovate-infundibuliform, hispidmargined mouth. Leaf erect, linear-elliptic, lanceolate or elliptic, acute or obtuse, narrowed to a scarcely petioled base, up to about 6.6 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide. Inflorescences axillary, few to very numerous, usually a half or a third as long as the leaf, few- to several-flowered. Flowers very small, ringent, dark purple or
more
purple-red (rarely green or yellow), membranaceous. Sepals ciliate, especially above. Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate*, concave, acute, up to 3 (rarely 4) mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely oblong-ovate, connate near the base. Petals
about half as long as the sepals, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, ciliate. Lip with a small narrow claw; lamina oblong, oblanceolate-oblong or obovate-oblong, often slightly constricted in the middle, broadly rounded at the apex, slenderly biauriculate at the base, ciliate, with a more or less prominent keel below, about 2 mm. long and 1 mm. wide across the convex apical portion. Column short, arcuate, about as long as the petals or longer, broadly winged above, trilobulate
at the apex.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, San Pedro to Murayaca, Marcapata, 1200-1800 meters, on rocks, Vargas 5207. Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2040 meters, on rocks, Vargas 3406.
widespread species extending from Mexico (type of Specklinia ciliaris') through Central America to Costa Rica and here first noted from South America.
Pleurothallis ciliata Knowl. & Westc. Flor. Cab. 1: 1. 19. 1837; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 24, no. 140. 1859; Reichb. f. Saunders Refug. Bot. 2: t. 142. 1882; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 537. 1896. Humboldtia ciliata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: 667. 1891.
286
30
Plant small to medium-sized, with a creeping rhizome, up to 19 cm. high from the rhizome to the tip of the erect leaf. Stems approximate or more or less separated on the rhizome, monophyllous, up to 8 cm. long, stout or slender, more
or less angulate in section when dry, with 2 or 3 tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths below. Leaf elliptic to oblong or oblanceolate, acute to obtuse, cuneate at the sessile base, up to 11.6 cm. long and 2.9 cm. wide. Inflorescence commonly
solitary, spreading to arcuate,
flowered above,
up to 9 cm.
yellow to orange. acuminate, up to 13.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, connate into an ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, concave, sharply bidentate lamina which is subequally long with the dorsal sepal but about twice as broad. Petals about a third to a half as long as the sepals, lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, acute to acuminate, more or less deeply serrate or ciliate. Lip about as long as the petals or shorter, shortly clawed, about 4 mm. or less long, lightly recurved; claw callosethickened in the middle; lamina obovate-oblong in natural position or oblongovate when expanded from a cuneate or subtruncate base, with the sides of the lower portion erect-incurved and more or less angled, broadly rounded and sometimes abruptly acute in front, denticulate or shortly fimbriate, with a pair of remote, more or less distinct, fleshy keels near the middle. Column small, clavate, arcuate, shorter than the petals, with a denticulate wing above, up to 3 mm.
long.
less shorter than the leaf, loosely severalFlowers rather small, bilabiate, fleshy, glabrous, Dorsal sepal linear to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute or
more or
long.
Loreto Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte in

:
forest,
Klug 1471. Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, river side on living tree, Klug 10050. Also British Guiana (type), Trinidad and Colombia.
Pleurothallis ciliata Knowl. & Westc. var. abbreviata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 46. 1953.
Form differing from the type in its abbreviated inflorescences, densely pubescent outer surface of the flowers and distinct lateral lobules of the lip.
Plant variable, medium-sized to large. Stems monophyllous, 6-27 cm. long. Leaf erect, oblong-elliptic, subacute, cuneate at the sessile base, 9-14 cm. long, up to 3.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2 (perhaps more), abbreviated, nodding, densely few-flowered. Flowers small, finely short-pubescent without, bilabiate, brownish yellow, somewhat striped with darker brown-yellow. Dorsal sepal
narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute and mucronate, up to 9.4 mm. long, 3- to 5-nerved. Lateral sepals connate into an elliptic-lanceolate, sharply bidentate lamina which is about as long as the dorsal sepal but nearly twice as wide. Petals less than half as long as the sepals, elliptic-lanceolate, short-acuminate, serrate above. Lip smaller than the petals, lightly arcuate below, ovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, 3-lobulate above the cuneate base with a pair of small, erect, dentiform, obtuse lateral lobules, bicarinate through the middle, about 2.2 mm. long. Column about as long as the lip, abruptly dilated above.
Huanuco: Yanano, about 1800 meters, on mossy tree, Macbride 3837 (type). Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke 1127 (whole plant very small).
287
Pleurothallis ciliata Knowl. & Westc. var. elongata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 47. 1953.
Form
differing
from the type
in
having elongate inflorescences that
much
surpass the leaves and long-caudate petals.
Plant medium-sized, with a creeping rhizome. Stems slender, monophyllous, 5-8 cm. long, about 1 cm. or more apart. Leaf erect, oblong-elliptic to oblongoblanceolate, acute, cuneate at the sessile base, up to 7.7 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2, much exceeding the leaf, arcuate to lax, loosely severalflowered above, about 18 cm. or less long. Flowers rather small, bilabiate, greenish Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolateyellow striped with red-brown, glabrous. oblong, acute and apiculate, about 14 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly oblong, apically bidentate lamina which is about as long as the dorsal Petals half as long as the sepals, oblong-lanceolate, sepal and twice as wide. long-caudate above, lacerate-dentate above the base (especially on the anterior margin). Lip short-clawed, about 4 mm. long; claw with a fleshy U-shaped callus; lamina oblong-ovate, obtuse, subtruncate below, erose-denticulate, with a pair of Column small, arcuate, wingremote, obscure, carinate thickenings below.
dilated above, about 3
:
mm.
high.
Loreto Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, on living tree in clearing,
King 10013.
Pleurothallis citrina Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 35, nr. 135. 1929.
mate
7: 103. 1920;
Plant small, up to about 15 cm. tall. Rhizome abbreviated. Stems approxito 5 mm. apart, slender, monophyllous, 3.5-9.5 cm. long, provided with 3 or 4 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, indistinctly petioled; lamina oblong-linear to linear-elliptic, obtuse, gradually narrowed below, 3.5-8.5 cm. long, up to 1.1 cm. wide. Inflorescences fascicled, several, abbreviated, much shorter than the leaves, laxly few-flowered, 1-3 cm. long. Flowers small, "lemon yellow." Sepals triangular-linear or linear-lanceolate, long-attenuate to a sub-
obtuse apex, about 7-8 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique. Petals narrowly-lanceolate, long-attenuate above, somewhat shorter than the sepals. Lip minute, simple, less than half as long as the petals, oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, convex, about 2 mm. long. Column minute, dilated above.
Huanuco: Huacachi, near Muna, about 2000 meters, epiphyte, Macbride 4070. (Some of the stems and leaves are longer than typical and the leaves are narrower; but this collection is very advanced.) Colombia (type).
Pleurothallis cordata (Ruiz & Pav.) Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 5. 1830; Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 26. 1854; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 10, Humboldtia cordata Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. no. 44. 1859.
et Chil. 1: 234. 1798.
Stelis cordata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 140.
1805.
Pleurothallis brachyblephara Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 72. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 113, nr. 443. 1929.
288
30
Plant tall, stout, from an abbreviated rhizome. Stems approximate, up to 48 cm. high, monophyllous, with about 3 close, tubular sheaths below. Leaf widely spreading, ovate to suborbicular, deeply cordate at the base (commonly with overlapping auricles), abruptly acute or acuminate, up to 14.8 cm. long including the basal auricles and 9.4 cm. wide. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1flowered, fascicled, subtended by a large conduplicate, evanescent spathe. Flowers small for the plant, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal oblong-oval (rarely obovate-oval) to suborbicular, rounded to subacute at the apex, 6-9 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate to form an ovate-suborbicular, concave lamina which is a little shorter than the dorsal sepal and usually more or less broader than long. Petals falcate, oblong-lanceolate, decurved, acute, erose-ciliolate, shorter than the lateral sepals. Lip fleshy, shorter than or subequaling the petals, shortly-clawed; lamina subquadrate-ovate or suborbicular-ovate (rarely suborbicular-obovate), obtuse to acute, with the anterior margins ciliolate, up to 3 mm. long and more or less
narrower.
Column
abbreviated, stout.
Peru: Pillao, Pavdn (type). Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, epiphyte in open woods, Killip & Smith 22569, 23168. Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio 2800 meters, terrestrial on wooded hillside, Killip & Smith Apurimac, 22290. Cuzco: Near Sandia, 2300 meters, on rocky slopes, Weberbauer 635 (type of P. brachyblephara) Prov. of Convention, Hda.
.
Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Vargas 2546. Prov. of Quispicanchis, "Ttio a Murayaca i Marcapata," 1960 meters, on open rocks, Vargas 3136. Valle de Cosnipata, between Mistiana and Kuros, about 800 meters, Scolnik 880. Huanuco: Carpish, 2750 meters, Scolnik 1076. Between Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 336 (no fls.). Muna, on trail to Tambo de Vaca, about 2500 meters, "tree-base," Macbride 4335. Twelve miles south of Panao, about 3100 meters, on wet banks among rotting wood, Macbride & Featherstone 2206. Panao, about 2700 on shrubby slopes, Macbride 3608. Junin: Pichis Trail, meters, Porvenir, 1500-1900 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25890.
A variable species, particularly in the flowers which range from deep red, dull reddish, green tinged with red, dark brown, purple, obscurely reddish green, or chestnut with yellow streaks.
Pleurothallis crateriformis C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
foliate,
15: 88,
t.
26. 1951.
Figure 49.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized, epiphytic. Stems spreading, slender, uniup to 14.5 cm. high, with about 3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths which are densely fine-pubescent, the upper sheath separated and much the longest. Leaf horizontally spreading or reflexed, broadly ovate, deeply cordate at the base with overlapping auricles, abruptly acute with a minutely tridenticulate tip,
PLEUROTHALLIS
craTerijo rmis
L.
FIG. 49.
expanded;
Pleurothallis crateriformis C. Schweinf. 3. 5J^. 3, lip, three quarters view;
1,
plant;
X A.
1
2, flower,
289
290
30
to 8.7 cm. long from the apex to the tip of an auricle and 5 cm. wide. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, 1 to several, in the axil of an evanescent, conduplicate spathe. Flowers small, bilabiate, dark red without, pale brown with
up
dark red lines inside. Dorsal sepal round-ovate, acute with a minute, incurved point, with 3 prominent veins on either side of a double central vein, about 8 mm. long and slightly narrower. Lateral sepals connate into an oblong-ovate, concave, obtuse lamina which is slightly longer but much narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals lanceolate-linear, gently recurved, gradually narrowed to a subacute apex, conspicuously shorter than the sepals. Lip simple, ovate, deeply concave-saccate throughout, subacute with a minute incurved point, cordate at the base, the large cavity surrounded on each side by a broad, fleshy, flattened margin, about 4 mm.
long and 3
mm.
wide.
Column
stout, abbreviated.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma,
Agua
Dulce, 2000 meters, epiphyte in
low highland
forest,
Woytkowski 35487.
Pleurothallis Crocodilanthe Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 4, no. 9. 1859. Crocodeilanthe xiphizusa Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: Pleurothallis 114. 1854; Xen. Orch. 1: 10, t. 6, fig. I, 1-7. 1854. Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 172. 1861. xiphizusa
Plant apparently large. Stem stout, monophyllous (basal portion incomplete in the record). Leaf erect, oblong-elliptic, rounded and apiculate at the apex, Inflorescence sessile at the cuneate base, about 16 cm. long and 5 cm. wide. solitary, racemose, up to 24 cm. long, rather densely many-flowered through the
upper
half,
large, secund,
subtended by a conspicuous spathe about 4.5 cm. long. Flowers with the horizontally parallel sepals about 2 cm. long, bilabiate.
Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacute. Lateral sepals subequal, connate into a concave, ovate-elliptic, bidentate lamina. Petals about a third to a half as long as the dorsal sepal, obliquely oblong-cuneate to obovate, retuse and apiculate or subacute at the broad apex. Lip suborbicular, ecallose, obtuse to rounded above, a little shorter than the petals, about 5 mm. long and broad. Column slender, about equaling the petals, dilated below and above.
Huanuco, Junin,
1921.
:
fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 140. Source of the Rio Maranon, Warscewicz s.n. (type). Loreto(?)
The above
an analysis of
analysis of this concept,
was drawn from a photograph with floral from the Lindley Herbarium, as well as from Crocodeilanthe xiphizusa, contributed by Mr. Garay.
description
Pleurothallis cyathiflora C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 90, t. 27. 1951. Figure 50.
Plant stout, rather large, epiphytic. Stems approximate, unifoliate, arcuate in the type, about 20 cm. or less long, with a long, tubular, evanescent sheath
above the middle. Leaf ascending, short-petioled; lamina oblong-elliptic, rounded at the apex and at the base, up to 12.5 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide; petiole short, channelled, up to 1 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, subequaling or exceeding the leaf, subdensely many-flowered above, surrounded at the base by a prominent,
PLEUROTHALLIS
cyathi'flora
FIG. 50.
from
side; 3%. 5, lateral sepal;
Pleurothallis cyathiflora C. Schweinf. 1, plant; 14. 2, flower 3%. 4, dorsal sepal, partially expanded; 3%. 3, petal;
X 3%.
6, lip,
three quarters view;
X 3%.
7, lip,
expanded;
291
292
30
conduplicate spathe up to 2.4 cm. long. Floral bracts conspicuous, spreading, infundibuliform. Flowers reddish yellow, campanulate. Dorsal sepal suborbicular-ovate, deeply concave, rounded to subacute at the apex, about 7 mm. long.
Lateral sepals semiconnate or free, oblong-ovate, abruptly subacute, slightly oblique, somewhat longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals conspicu-
ously smaller than the sepals, broadly oblong or elliptic-oblong, truncate to broadly rounded and bluntly subacute at the apex. Lip somewhat shorter than the petals, oblong and tubular-concave with upcurved sides in natural position, rhombic-obovate and 3-lobed when expanded, cuneate below, about 4.2-4.5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; lateral lobes shallowly semiobovate; mid-lobe transversely
elliptic-oblong; disc with a fleshy callus semicircular callus in the center below.
on each
side at the sinus
Column
small,
and with a lower somewhat dilated below.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 2800 meters, Vargas

4957.
1859.
Pleurothallis declivis Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 36, no. 218. Humboldtia declivis 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Plant very small, with a creeping rhizome, up to 7 cm. high from the rhizome Stems numerous, more or less approximate, including the nodding raceme. ascending from a decumbent base, very short, monophyllous, provided with 2 or 3
close, tubular sheaths, up to 1.9 cm. long. Leaf erect, tapering into a more or less elongate slender petiole, up to 5 cm. long; lamina elliptic to linear-oblanceolate, up to 3 cm. long and 4.5 mm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, filiform, about two or three times as long as the leaf, with the floriferous upper portion loosely few-
commonly decurved. Flowers very small, secund. Dorsal sepal ovate or subrotund, concave, broadly obtuse, about 2.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute, free, somewhat longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals dwarf, about half as long as the dorsal sepal, oblong-subquadrate, truncate at the apex. Lip very small, about as long as the petals but narrower, pandurate-oblong, broadly rounded to subtruncate in front, concave above and below with a transverse fold or U-shaped callus in the middle, about 1.6 mm. long. Column more or less longer than the petals.
flowered and
Huanuco: Mito, about 2700 meters, on Ecuador (type).
tree trunk, Macbride 3370.
This description was compiled with the aid of a photograph of the type, in the Ames Herbarium, and a fragment from the type, sent by Mr. Garay.
Pleurothallis decurrens Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 48, t. 83. 1836; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 13, no. 64. 1859; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 415. 1896. Humboldtia decurrens 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Plant stout, medium-sized to large, up to 30 cm. high from the creeping rhizome to the tip of the leaf. Stems often isolated in pairs, unifoliate, angled and often quadrangular in the dried specimen, with about 2 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths on the lower part, up to 25 (rarely 30) cm. long. Leaf erect or spreading,
293
oval or oblong-elliptic (rarely suborbicular), acute or obtuse, minutely cordate at the base, long-decurrent on the stem, 5-12 cm. long, up to 6 cm. wide. Inflorescences commonly 1 or 2 (sometimes remnants of 5 are present), densely few-flowered, always shorter than the leaf, erect, rising from the apex of the stem below the middle of the leaf. Flowers medium-sized, green or yellowish green often veined with dark green or purplish. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-lanceoLateral sepals connate into a lamina which is acute, 14-18 mm. long. subequally long, concave, elliptic-ovate and shortly bidentate at the apex. Petals about a third to a half as long as the sepals, asymmetrically oblong-oblanceolate, more or less abruptly acuminate or awned, minutely serrulate above the middle, with a short keel near the middle of the forward margin. Lip about half as long as the sepals, oblong-ovate with the lower sides incurved, acute or rounded at the apex, abruptly cuneate at the base, up to 7.2 mm. long and 4 mm. wide. Column slender, about equaling the petals, arcuate, abruptly bialate near the apex with a central triangular, crenulate wing.
late,
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero) on

(type).
forest trees, Poeppig
1604
meters, Macbride 4055. Junin: Huacapistana, 1800-2400 meters, epiphyte in thickets and open woods, Smith 24221. Loreto(?): Rio Huallaga Canon, below Rio Killip
Muna, about 2150
&
Santo Domingo, about 1230 meters, on tree trunks, Macbride 4252.

Pleurothallis
dichotoma
(Poepp.
&
Endl.) Schltr.
Fedde Re-
Endl. Nov. pert. Beih. 9: 140. 1921. Specklinia dichotoma Poepp. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 52. 1836. = an obscure species, probably not referable
to Pleurothallis.
&
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu).

Pleurothallis diffusa Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 49, t. 86. 1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 397. 1896. Pleurothallis semipellucida Reichb. f. Linnaea 22: 823. 1849; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 7, no. 27. 1859. Humboldtia diffusa 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen.
PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Humboldtia semipellucida 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen.

Pleurothallis com.plicata Rolfe,
Mem.
Torr. Bot.
Cl. 6: 121. 1896.

Plant very variable, often large, epiphytic or terrestrial, apparently with a creeping rhizome. Stems solitary or in pairs, slender or stout, monophyllous, about 10.5-36.5 cm. high, provided with 2 evanescent, tubular sheaths of which the upper one is elongate and loose. Leaf erect, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong or elliptic, acute or acuminate, cuneate to rounded at the sessile base, up to 27 cm. long and 9 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1-7 or more, axillary, erect or diffuse, slender, more or less surpassing the leaf, about 15 to 40 cm. long, densely or subdensely many-flowered, issuing from a conduplicate, acuminate spathe about 2.5-3.5 cm. long. Floral bracts small, inconspicuous, appressed, infundibuliform. Flowers small or very small, more or less secund, bilabiate, membranaceous, whitish, greenish or yellow, often dotted with red or purple.
294
30
Dorsal sepal lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate, concave, 3.5-6.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate, forming a concave-saccate, broadly ovate, acute to obtuse lamina which is as long as the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals a little shorter than the sepals, linear, often more or less clavatedilated and thickened above, acuminate (rarely) to obtuse. Lip minute, transverse (i.e., broader than long), abruptly reflexed in the middle, with the broadly rounded sides erect and the anterior portion semiorbicular with an inflexed
minute apicule (sometimes obscurely trilobed), up to about

wider.
1.9
mm. long and much
Column minute,
stout, dilated at the base.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Smith 22755. Cuzco: meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip of Convention, "alturas de Pintobamba," 2700 meters, epiProv. phyte, Vargas 3261. Prov. of Quispicanchis, Ttio to Murayaca,
&
Marcapata, 1960 meters, on rocks, Vargas 3140. San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, about 1800 meters, Cook & Gilbert 908. Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig s.n. (type of P. diffusa). Cayumba, near Tingo Maria, 900-1000 meters, Ferreyra 1882. Panao, about 2700 meters, on shrubby slopes, Macbride 3607. Yanano, about 1800 meters, on mossy tree, Macbride 3832. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke s.n. Huacapistana, about 1800 meters, epiphyte in densely forested valley, Killip & Smith 24294Huacapistana, 1800-2400 meters, in thickets and open woods, Killip & Smith 24511. Same data as last, terrestrial, Killip & Smith 24117. Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25539. San Martin Zepelacio near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, in mountain forest, Klug 3633. Also Trinidad, Venezuela (type of P. semipellucida), and Bolivia (type of P. complicata).
:
The similarity of Pleurothallis diffusa and P. semipellucida was long suspected; the identity of the two concepts was confirmed by Mr. Leslie Garay of Toronto, Canada, after he examined typical material of P. diffusa from the Reichenbach Herbarium, and this opinion was recently verified by my careful scrutiny.
Pleurothallis diffusa Poepp.
&
Endl. var. grandiflora (C.
Schweinf.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 17: 212. 1956. P. semipellucida Reichb. f. var. grandiflora C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
15: 102. 1951.
Plant large, epiphytic. Stem stout, suberect, monophyllous, with 2 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths at the base, about 38.3 cm. high. Leaf spreading, ovate or oblong-ovate, apparently acute (imperfect at the apex), broadly rounded or subcordate at the sessile base, about 18.7 cm. long and 8.6 cm. wide. Inflorescences 2, nearly twice as long as the leaf, flexuous-suberect, loosely manyflowered above, about 33 cm. long. Flowers secund, bilabiate, small but much Dorsal sepal larger than those of the type, yellow with spreading segments.
295
Lateral elliptic-ovate or lanceolate-ovate, acute, about 11 mm. long, concave. sepals entirely connate into a suborbicular-ovate, deeply concave, acute lamina
about as long as the dorsal sepal but broader. Petals linear, acuminate, than the sepals. Lip very small, transverse, abruptly reflexed in the middle, lightly 3-lobed, about 2.5 mm. long and 5 mm. wide when expanded; lateral lobes obliquely semiorbicular; mid-lobe semiColumn abbreviated, stout, orbicular-ovate, abruptly acute or mucronate. dilated above and below.
is
which
fleshy, lightly incurved, a little shorter
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, "alturas de Pintobamba," 2700

meters, Vargas 3243.
Pleurothallis diffusa Poepp.

Pleurothallis 3, no. 7. 1859.
&
Endl. sensu Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Lindley's interpretation
&
Endl., since
late,
is obviously not the P. diffusa of Poepp. shows obovate emarginate, instead of linear-lanceopetals and an apparently dissimilar lip. This concept appears
it
to be allied to P. Vargasii C. Schweinf.
Pleurothallis dilatata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 177, t. 19, figs. 5-9. 1942. Figure 60.
Stems approximate, Plant medium-sized, with an ascending rhizome. monophyllous, up to 6.5 cm. tall, concealed by 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf elliptic-oblong, rounded at the apex, cuneate at the sessile base, up to 7.5 cm. long and about 1.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2, axillary, suberect, much exceeding the leaf, up to 13.5 cm. long, loosely racemose nearly to the base. Floral bracts small, inconspicuous, infundibuliform. Flowers rather small, pale Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate, greenish yellow, with spreading segments. obtuse, concave, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals falcate-recurved, connate into an elliptic-ovate, bilobed lamina which is a little shorter than the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals much smaller than the sepals, falcate-spatulate, broadly rounded above. Lip strongly arcuate in natural position, when expanded about as long as the petals, rather abruptly ovate-dilated in the middle with an oblong basal and apical portion, rounded above, about 6.5 mm. long and 2.2 mm. wide near the middle. Column slender, arcuate, shorter than the petals, about 4 mm.
long, with a
prominent
foot.
Huancavelica: Prov. of Tayacaja, Montepungo, 5 kilometers east Surcubamba, 3000 meters, epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, Stork & Horton 10388 (type in Univ. of Calif.).
of
Pleurothallis dinotherii Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 114. 1854; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 174. 1944. Pleurothallis diptera Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 44, no. 279. 1859; Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117, p. 23. 1916. Humboldtia
dinotherii 0. Ktze.
Rev. Gen.
PI. pt. 2: 667.
1891.
Humboldtia
296
30
diptera O. Ktze. 1. c. Pleurothallis tricaudata Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 77. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 115, nr. 451.
1929.
Plant slender, with an abbreviated rhizome, 15-30 cm. tall. Stems caespitose, several-jointed, entirely concealed by close, tubular, lepanthiform sheaths with a somewhat spreading hispid mouth, often with an erect branch above, bearing
Leaves shortly petioled, up to 4 cm. long (rarely longer) lamina elliptic to elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminate, cuneate below, up to 3.2 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide, marginate, with scabrous margins. Inflorescence solitary, axillary, terminal, filiform, much surpassing the leaf, racemose above, rarely up to 18 cm. long, laxly few- to many-flowered. Flowers commonly secund, Dorsal sepal linearwith spreading or recurved segments, greenish yellow. caudate from a lanceolate concave base, up to 1.75 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar but slightly narrower at the base, somewhat oblique. Petals many times shorter than the sepals, obliquely ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute to subacute, with ciliolate margins. Lip somewhat longer than the petals, gently arcuate in natural position, linear- or oblong-lanceolate (sometimes ovate-oblong), narrowed to an acute or obtuse apex, cuneate below, with a pair of fleshy lamellae near the middle and a narrow thickened central line above, about 3.5 mm. or less long. Column abbreviated, arcuate, about half as long as the petals, with an abrupt, subquadrate, lobulate wing on each side above.
several scattered leaves.
;
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n, (type). Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, mountains between Chinchao and Acomayo, west
of Huallaga, 3100-3200 meters, in sclerophyllous woods consisting of shrubs and scattered trees on open grassy places, Weberbauer 6827
(type of P. tricaudata)
Also Ecuador (type of P. diptera)
I have examined a drawing of P. dinotherii with floral analysis, from the Reichenbach Herbarium, and a photograph of P. diptera with floral analysis, from the Lindley Herbarium, in the Ames Herbarium.
Pleurothallis dinotherii Reichb.

Pleurothallis 32, no. 191. 1859.
f.
sensu Lindl. Fol. Orch.
This concept appears to differ from P. dinotherii Reichb. f. & Warsc. in having ovate-lanceolate (rather than linear-caudate) sepals and a rather dissimilar apically rounded lip. It may be referable to P. dura Lindl.
Pleurothallis divaricans Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 387. 1912; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 58: t. 30, nr. 120. 1930; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 176. 1944.
Plant slender, small to medium-sized, caespitose, up to 17.5 cm. high. Stems crowded, slender, monophyllous, 3.5-10 cm. long (more or less decumbent at the base), provided with 2 or 3 close, tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is isolated and elongate. Leaf erect, elliptic-lanceolate (rarely lanceolate), up to 8.7 cm. long

and
297
1.2 cm. wide, acute to obtuse, cuneate at the commonly sessile base. Inflorescences 1-3, racemose above, diffuse, shorter or longer than the leaf, densely many-flowered, up to 11 cm. long. Flowers very small, subglobose, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal suborbicular-ovate, deeply concave, obtuse or acute, up to 2.6 mm.
long.
lamina which
Lateral sepals connate into a broadly obtuse or retuse, deeply concave is very similar to the dorsal sepal. Petals slightly more than half as
long as the sepals, cuneate-oblanceolate or oblong-spatulate, acute or subacute at the broad apex. Lip slightly longer than the petals, broadly rhombic-obovate with erect-incurved sides, abruptly narrowed above to a triangular acute or
apiculate apex,
up
to
about
1.8
mm.
long and subequally wide above.
Column
slender, arcuate, a little shorter than the petals.
Junin Chanchamayo Valley, Rio Blanco, about 1400 meters, on Hacienda St. Teresa, Kohler s.n. (type) Schunke Hacienda above San Ramon, 1400-1700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, flowers greenish white tinged with pink, Killip & Smith 24854Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke 1330. Same locality, 1500 meters, Schunke s.n., 518.
:
coffee trees of the
1859.
Pleurothallis dura Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 32, no. 192. Humboldtia dura 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Plant small, slender, apparently up to 14 cm. tall, caespitose. Stems very unbranched or often sparingly branched, entirely concealed by close, lepanthiform sheaths with a spreading hispid mouth, bearing scattered leaves. Leaves oval to oblong-elliptic, shortly and indistinctly petioled, up to 2 cm. long and 6.5 mm. wide, acute or obtuse, cuneate below, coriaceous. Inflorescences commonly solitary, capillary, many times surpassing the leaves, about 3-8 cm. long, racemose, commonly secund, many-flowered, with more or less elongate, recurved pedicels. Flowers up to 6 mm. long, perianth ringent. Sepals free, carinate without. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, deeply concave, about 3.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals lanceolate, similar to the dorsal sepal but rather shorter and much narrower. Petals about a third to a half as long as the
slender,
Lip longer than the petals, oblong or ovate-oblong, rounded above, with irregular margins, sulcate or bicarinate through the lamina, more or less obscurely angled on each side near the middle or base, about 2 mm. long. Column slightly shorter than the petals, with an apical pair of
dorsal sepal, oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse.
falcate, obtuse lateral wings.
Junin:
Chanchamayo
Valley, Schunke 1158.
Ecuador
(type).
The Peruvian collection differs from the type, of which we have seen a record from the Lindley Herbarium, in having usually branched stems and much shorter racemes, with the pedicels of the apparently
smaller flowers relatively short.
to be immature.
The
inflorescence, however,
seems
Pleurothallis echinocarpa C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 179, t. 17, figs. 1-7. 1942. Figure 51.
298
30
rhizome.
Plant medium-sized, up to 20 cm. high, with an abbreviated ascending Stems short, stout, approximate, monophyllous, up to 3.5 cm. long,
concealed below by 1 or 2 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic, up to 11.5 cm. long and 2.1 cm. wide, acute and mucronate, cuneate at the sessile base. Inflorescence solitary, racemose above, stout, much
surpassing the
leaf,
up
to 16.3 cm. long.
Raceme up
to 8 cm. long, loosely several-
Cup to 9-) flowered, with a fractiflex rachis. Flowers rather small to mediumsized, campanulate, secund. Sepals reddish green. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate,
up to 9.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, navicular, a little longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals much shorter than the sepals, yellow-green, obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate, with a small tooth on each side near the base. Lip
acute, concave,
about equaling the petals, oblanceolate-oblong when viewed from the front, 6-6.4 mm. long, when viewed from the side with a pair of incurved semiorbicular lobules below the middle separated by a fleshy bilobed thickening, minutely biauriculate at the base, denticulate at the broadly obtuse apex. Column short, stout, somewhat shorter than the petals. Ovary densely muricate.
Huanuco: Muna, about 2150 meters,
in
dry woods, Macbride 3969.
Pleurothallis excisa C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard

Univ.: 16: 48,
t. 6.
1953.
Figure 52.
Plant rather large, epiphytic, up to about 30 cm. or more tall. Stems approximate, monophyllous, up to 15 cm. long, provided with 3 or 4 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, short-petioled, up to 10 cm. long; lamina oblong-elliptic, minutely apiculate at the obtuse apex, cuneate at the base, up to 9 cm. long and 2.5 cm.
Inflorescences 1 or 2, much surpassing the leaf, densely many-flowered above, looser below, 17-18.7 cm. long, erect or spreading, arising from a small conduplicate spathe up to 11 mm. long. Flowers secund, yellow, medium-sized.
wide.
Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, about Sepals similar, narrow, long-acuminate. 12 mm. long. Lateral sepals lanceolate, very oblique below, about as long as the dorsal sepal but slightly wider. Petals less than half as long as the sepals, obliquely
oblong, rounded or subtruncate at the apex. Lip slightly larger than the petals, pandurate-oblong, about 5.6 mm. long; basal half subelliptic, traversed by a pair of high fleshy keels, the anterior half elliptic-ovate, bidentate at the apex. Column
small, slender, arcuate, prolonged above into a ligulate wing, about 5.5 including the wing.
mm.
long
in rain-forest, "ceja
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 3200 meters, epiphytic de montana," Vargas 3006.
Pleurothallis echinocarpa C. Schweinf. K- 2, flower 1, plant; 5. 2. 4, lip from side; 3, lip from above, natural position; 2. 5. 7, petal; 5, dorsal sepal; X 2. 6, lateral sepal; side, natural position; 1. 2. P. brevispicata C. Schweinf. 8, plant; 9, flower and ovary from side; 5. 5. 3. 10, lip from above, expanded; 11, lip from side, natural position; 3. 3. 3. 14, petal; 13, lateral sepals; 12, dorsal sepal;
FIG. 51.
and ovary from
X X
X X
X X
sto
299
FIG. 52.
Pleurothallis
3.
excisa
expanded;
3,
column and
lip
1 X A> C. Schweinf. 1, plants; from side, natural position; X 3.
2,
flower,
300
301
Pleurothallis fimbriata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 17, no. 92.

1859; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 447. 1896. briata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Humboldtia fim-
Plant small, with a long-creeping rhizome. Secondary stems filiform, mono4-6.2 cm. long, provided below with 2 close, phyllous, commonly 1-2 cm. distant, Leaf erect to horizontally spreading, narrowly tubular, evanescent sheaths. to obtuse, sessile with a cuneate or rounded base, elliptic to lanceolate-linear, acute 1up to 4.1 cm. long and 9 mm. wide. Inflorescences abbreviated, axillary, 2 to 4, much shorter than the leaf. Flower small, bilabiate, flowered, commonly or linear-lanceolate, acute red-brown, or purple and yellow. Dorsal sepal linear to 6.9 mm. long. or acuminate, almost twice as long as the lateral sepals, up sharply bidentate lamina. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, concave, linear-lanceolate to Petals dwarf, about one third as long as the dorsal sepal, more or less minutely serrulate above. elliptic-lanceolate, lightly oblique, acute, when expanded, with semiLip somewhat larger than the petals, ovate-oblong the middle, rounded and denticulate on the orbicular, incurved lobules below than the petals, anterior margins, about 2.2 mm. long or less. Column shorter with the apex irregularly denticulate. laterally winged throughout,
Loreto: Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan, 100-125 meters, epiphyte, in on river bank, Schunke 162. Iquitos, about 100 meters, epiphyte Same locality as the last, King 10126. woods, Kittip & Smith 26998.
Also Brazil (type) and British Guiana.
Pleurothallis fimbrilabia C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Har-
vard Univ. 16: 50. 1953. Restrepia ecuadorensis Rolfe, Schltr. (1892) 138, not Pleurothallis ecuadorensis
Kew
Bull.
Plant rather small, epiphytic, with a creeping rhizome. Stems approximate, or mostly concealed by several (up to 7) slender, about 4-10 cm. high, entirely Leaf sheaths which are loose, tubular, scarious and finely purplish-maculate. to oval, obtuse or acute, cuneate at the sessile base,
solitary, erect, oblong-elliptic up to 6 cm. long and 2.9 cm. wide.
Inflorescences fascicled, 1 to several, 1-flowered,
below the leaf, with the pedicel about issuing from the uppermost sheath just Dorsal sepal Flowers rather large, membranaceous, bilabiate. 5 cm. long. from an oblong-lanceolate, concave lower linear-lanceolate, about 2.2 cm. long, a filiform apex which is clavate-thickened near the portion gradually narrowed to lamina which is Lateral sepals connate into an elliptic-oblong, bidentate tip. to dorsal sepal but more than twice as wide. Petals similar about as long as the sometimes with a more or the dorsal sepal but much smaller, the lower portion mm. long, abruptly dilated from a small less distinct appressed tooth. Lip about 9 each side with a slender, into a suborbicular basal portion provided on claw lamina then contracted into a linear-oblong, sharply bidentate
setiform lobule, which is erose-fimbriate and muriculate through the center. clavate above, about half as long as the lip.
Column
slender,
Huanuco: Mufia, about 2100 meters, in dense Ecuador (type of Restrepia ecuadorensis). 1+018.
forest,
Macbride
302
30
Misc. 69, no.
Pleurothallis flexuosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28, 7. 1842; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 39, no. 239. 1859;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 491. 1896. Specklinia flexuosa Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 52, t. 90. 1836. Humboldtia flexuosa 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891. Pleurothallis remotiflora C. Schweinf.
Am.
Orch. Soc. Bull. 21: 108,
t.,
1952.
Fig-
ure 53.
Plant small to medium-sized, epiphytic, caespitose, about 13-30 cm. high. slender, more or less abbreviated, monophyllous, up to 5.1 cm. Leaf tall, enclosed by 2 or 3 close, tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths. erect, elliptic-linear, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-oblanceolate, acute and often minutely tridenticulate at the tip, gradually narrowed to a sessile base, 5-10.7 cm. long, up to 1.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences solitary or 2 to a stem, filiform, more or less exceeding the leaf, racemose above, variable in height, up to about 27 cm. long, suberect to arcuate; raceme remotely 3- to 14-flowered, suberect to arcuate or flexuous, with a strongly fractiflex rachis. Pedicels elongate and wide-spreading, up to 1.4 cm. long. Floral bracts minute, infundibuliform. Flowers small, campanulate, bilabiate, white finely spotted with brownish purple. Sepals longDorsal sepal more or less pilose within on the upper half, membranaceous. narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate, up to about 9 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly elliptic or suborbicular lamina which is sharply bidentate above, deeply concave below, nearly as long as the dorsal sepal and much broader. Petals much shorter than the sepals, obliquely cuneate-
Stems numerous,
spatulate to semiorbicular-lunate from a short claw, broadly rounded or obtuseangled at the apex. Lip subequaling the petals, arcuate-recurved with erect sides
in natural position,
about 2.7 mm. long when expanded, distinctly 3-lobed, with a conspicuous subquadrate claw; lateral lobes semiovate, with a truncate or subcordate base and adorned with a keel along the outer margin; mid-lobe small, ovate to oblong-obovate; disc with a large, fleshy, longitudinal callus through the
lower half.
late
Column about as long as the petals, with a large, trilobulate, denticuwing on the upper portion, extended into a prominent foot.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1911. Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cochero), epiphyte in for-
Poeppig 1515 (type of Specklinia flexuosa). San Martin: Tingo Maria, along the Huallaga, about 20 km. from Tingo Maria on the road to Huanuco, 25-1100 meters, Allard 21958. Also Ecuador (type of P. remotiflora) and Venezuela.
est,
am
indebted to Mr. Leslie A. Garay of Toronto, Canada, for

lip of
pointing out that the

Pleurothallis flexuosa)
Specklinia flexuosa (and consequently of
was incorrectly interpreted both by its original author and by subsequent workers. As verified by my own observation, I am convinced that this organ is inseparable from that of Pleurothallis remotiflora, and that the latter concept must be reduced
to
synonymy.
PLEUROTHALLIS
Endl.) FIG. 53. Pleurothallis remotiflora C. Schweinf = P. flexuosa (Poepp. 1 Lindl. 2, flower, expanded, column and lip removed; X 3. 1, plant; X A.
.
&
3, lip
from above, expanded;
10.
4,
column and
lip,
oblique view;
10.
303
304
30
Pleurothallis floribunda Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 48, t. 84. 1836. Pleurothallis macrophylla Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 74, no. 44. 1842; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 3, no. 2. 1859, not HBK. Pleurothallis macrophylla Kunth ex Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4:
396. 1896.
Plant large, 6 dm. or more high. Stems fascicled, very stout, unifoliate. Leaf erect, distinctly petioled; lamina elliptic-oblong, obtusely acute, cuneatenarrowed below, up to 30 cm. long and 8.4 cm. wide. Inflorescences fascicled, numerous, spreading, much shorter than the leaf, densely many-flowered nearly to the base, 8-15 cm. long, rising from a prominent, saccate spathe up to 2 cm. Flowers small, subdistichous, very short-pedicelled, erect-spreading, sullong. phur-colored. Sepals equally long, free, "oval" or ovate-oblong, acute, about 4-4.5 mm. long, membranaceous, 3-nerved, the lateral ones lightly oblique. Petals elliptic-oblong, obtuse to subacute, 1-nerved, about half as long as the sepals. Lip obovate or subelliptic, rounded in the middle, narrowed to both ends, lightly 3-lobed, triangular-acute, fleshy, about 2 mm. long and 1.6 mm. wide. Column about half as long as the lip.
on
trees,
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig 1599. I have examined the type specimen, which does not at all agree
with the description of P. macrophylla
HBK.
no. 15. 1859.

667. 1891.
Pleurothallis fons florum Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 5, Humboldtia fons florum 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2:
Plant apparently large (only the upper portion present in the type). Stem Leaf oval or oblong-elliptic, obtuse to rounded at the apex, subsessile, about 18 cm. long and 7.6 cm. wide. Inflorescences fascicled, numerous, racemose, much exceeding the leaf, densely many-flowered almost to the base, diffuse or flexuous, subtended by a prominent, conduplicate spathe about 3.5 cm. Flowers small, campanulate, about 5 mm. long. Dorsal sepal ovatelong. lanceolate, acute, concave. Lateral sepals similar, free. Petals distinctly shorter than the sepals, broadly oblong, bluntly apiculate at the broad oblique apex. Lip shorter than the petals, suborbicular-ovate, acute, obscurely 3-lobed above.
stout, monophyllous.
sis
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig s.n. (type). Ecuador. In the Ames Herbarium there is a photograph with floral analyof this concept, from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Pleurothallis frutex Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 454. 1912.
Plant large, epiphytic, up to 15 dm.
tall,
variable in
all respects.
Stems
(presumably approxjmate)
much branched
nodes, entirely concealed by close, being 11.5 cm. or less long. Leaves solitary at the apex of the branches, sessile, oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse with a minutely tri-
with fascicles of short branches at the tubular, evanescent sheaths, the branches
305
denticulate apex, cuneate at the base, 4-8.7 cm. long, up to 1.5 (rarely 2) cm. wide. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, few to numerous, clustered in the
Flowers medium-sized, campanulate, violet-red, yellow or yellowish-white. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, or "obtuse," concave below, 10-13 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal but a little smaller, oblique below. Petals subequaling or slightly surpassing the sepals, narrowly lanceolate, from a more or less oblique oblong base gradually or rather abruptly contracted into a long, linear-caudate apex. Lip much smaller than the other segments, strongly arcuate-recurved below with incurved basal sides in natural
axils.
position, oblong or ovate-oblong and 4-5.2 mm. long when expanded, denticulate above with a rounded apex, rather indistinctly auriculate-dilated near the base; disc with a pair of more or less distinct, erect, semielliptic calli below or near the
middle.
Column minute,
stout, broadly
winged throughout.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convencion, "alturas de Pintobamba," 2500 meperianth yellow, Vargas 3289. Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 2800 meters, perianth pale yellowish white, Vargas 4954.
ters,
Bolivia (type).
Mus.
Pleurothallis frutex Schltr. var. robusta C. Schweinf. Bot. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 91. 1951.
Plant stout, epiphytic, with few, fasciculate, strict branches which are up to 23 cm. long. Leaves similar to those of the type, elliptic-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, up to 17 cm. long and 2.3 cm. wide. Inflorescences axillary and glomerate as in the type, many-flowered. Flowers dark brown, with the segments recurved above. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, about 1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal but a little shorter, oblique. Petals similar to those of the type, narrowly lanceolate, long-caudate above, distinctly longer than the sepals. Lip about 5 mm. long, similar to that of the type, but differing in having a relatively larger anterior portion and a pair of prominent teeth rather than obscure auriculate dilations below.
in "ceja
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 3400 meters, rain-forest de montana," Vargas 3007.
Pleurothallis gelida Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27, Misc. 91, no. 186. 1841; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 4, no. 12. 1859; Kranzl. Xen. Orch. 3: 116,
t.
267,
fig. II,
8-12. 1893.
Humboldtia gelida 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen.
PI.
pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Plant commonly large, up to 58 cm. high, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems approximate, monophyllous, 5-35 cm. high, provided with 3 or 4 tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is largest and commonly separated. Leaf erect or erect-spreading, distinctly short-petioled, up to 25 cm. long; lamina oblong or oblong-elliptic to oval (rarely slightly broader below or above the middle), obtuse, cuneate below, 6-21 cm. long, up to 7.1 cm. wide. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, 1 to numerous, shorter than to somewhat exceeding the leaf, loosely manyflowered nearly to the base, up to 25 (rarely 35) cm. long. Flowers small for the Sepals commonly more or less plant, campanulate, greenish white to yellow.
306
30
Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, concave, obtuse to acute, pilose within above. up to 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals subequally long, oblong-lanceolate or ellipticoblong, obtuse to acute, connate below, abruptly saccate at the base. Petals
much shorter than the sepals, obliquely cuneate- or obovate-oblong (rarely elliptic-lanceolate), acute or truncate and often retuse at the apex. Lip arcuaterecurved in natural position, slightly shorter than the petals, cuneate or oblongcuneate (sometimes pandurate) when expanded, retuse, truncate or broadly rounded at the apex, bicarinate in the middle, up to 2.5 mm. long. Column shorter than the expanded lip, arcuate, winged throughout, denticulate above.
to
Huanuco: Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 322. A wide-spread species extending from Florida through Honduras Panama and from the West Indies (type) to Peru.
9: 74. 1921;
Pleurothallis genychila Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 114, nr. 446. 1929.
Plant large, erect, epiphytic, about 50 cm. high. Rhizome Stems slender, monophyllous, 1-2 cm. distant, up to 35 cm.
distant, tubular sheaths.
tall,
short,
decumbent.
close,
with 3
Leaf suberect or spreading, lanceolate-ligulate, subacuminate, subpetiolate narrowed below, 18-22 cm. long, about 3 cm. wide below the middle. Inflorescences racemose, fascicled, 3-5, racemose, less than half as long as the leaf, rather loosely many-flowered, secund. Flowers small, whitish with blood-red dots, glabrous. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, acuminate with an obtuse apex, 5 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a broadly ovate, cucullateconcave lamina which is narrowed to an obtuse tip, as long as the dorsal sepal.
Petals obliquely linear, acute, lightly sigmoid, subequaling the sepals in length. Lip small, from a subquadrate base abruptly dilated and bent down into a 3-lobed
lamina; lateral lobes suborbicular-aliform, incurved in natural position; mid-lobe orbicular-ovate, "oval," apiculate, with crenulate margins; disc with 2 small, oblong calli at the base. Column short, footless.
Junin: Mountains of Yanenga, 2300-2400 meters, Weberbauer2125.
Pleurothallis gigantea Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 28, no. 162. Humboldtia gigantea 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891. 1859.
Plant stout, about 35 cm. high. Stems short, stout, monophyllous, about 4 cm. long, provided with 2 loose, coriaceous sheaths. Leaf oblong, obtuse, sessile at the cuneate base, up to 15 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, racemose, stout, about 30 cm. long, loosely several-flowered above the middle,
Floral bracts stout, prominent, equitant, incurved, with a fractiflex rachis. Flowers apparently medium-sized. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate or carinate. Lateral sepals uppermost, oblong-lanceolate, "ovate-oblong," acute, concave. connate up to the middle, wing-carinate, a little longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals about half as long as the sepals, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, provided with a pedicellate tubercle at the base in front. Lip slightly longer than the petals,
from a short
lanceolate; mid-lobe
narrowly falcatefrom a short claw, obtuse, with a pair of oblong calli at the base of the lamina. Column about equaling the petals, winged throughout, clavate, with a short, concave foot. Ovary papillose-scabrous.
ligulate claw abruptly 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect,
much
larger, lanceolate-ovate
307
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews s.n. This description was prepared from a photograph of the type with floral analysis, from the Lindley Herbarium.
Pleurothallis graciliscapa C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 93, t. 28. 1951. Figure 54.
Plant slender, on trees or rocks, caespitose with a short, creeping rhizome (incomplete in our specimens), up to 15.5 cm. high. Stems very slender, about 4-13.2 cm. long, provided with 2 or 3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost one is longest. Leaf solitary, sessile, commonly horizontally spreading, ovate or oblong-ovate, deeply cordate at the base (when mature), acute or acuminate, 2.8-4 cm. long from the apex to the tip of a basal auricle, up to 1.7 cm. wide. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, 1-5 to a stem. Flowers
very small, bilabiate, pale yellow, glabrous. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate or oblongLateral sepals entirely ovate, concave, obtuse to subacute, 4-4.2 mm. long. connate into a broadly ovate, deeply concave lamina which is more or less shorter but slightly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear, wide-spreading, lightly falcate-decurved, obtuse or subacute, with irregular or minutely erose margins, markedly shorter than the sepals. Lip oblong-ovate, very fleshy, minutely acute or apiculate, cordate at the base, minutely erose, about 2.1-2.6 mm. in greatest length and 1.4-1.6 mm. wide at the base. Column stout, abbreviated.
Huanuco: Tingo Maria, 670 meters, Carpenter 103 (type). San Martin: On cliffs on top of slope east of Tingo Maria, 625-1100 meters, Allard 20820 (plant with short stems).
Pleurothallis grandiflora Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21, sub. t. 1797, no. 6. 1836; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 9, no. 39. 1859. Humboldtia grandiflora 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891.
Plant large, about 36 cm. or less tall, caespitose. Stems numerous, rather up to 26 cm. long, with 3 or 4 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths below. Leaf oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, broadly rounded or
slender, monophyllous,
shallowly cordate at the sessile base, more or less shortly and abruptly caudate above, erect or deflexed, up to 11.5 cm. long and 6.3 cm. wide. Inflorescences Flower rather large, bilabiate, axillary, abbreviated, 1-flowered, 1 to several.
ringent, pubescent without. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate, concave, about 2 cm. or less long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a subequally long but broader, ovate, deeply concave lamina. Petals slightly more than half as long as the sepals, linear, curved, acute, more or less pubescent and ciliolate. Lip shorter than the petals, oblong-ovate, unguiculate, obtuse,
ciliolate.
Column
abbreviated.
Amazonas, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 141. 1921. Tacna: Valley of Lloa (Loa), about 2400 meters, epiphyte, Hall s.n. (type). Also Ecuador.
This description was chiefly compiled from a photograph of the type with floral analysis, from the Lindley Herbarium.
PLEUROTHALLIS
qraciliscapa
FIG. 54.
fruit;
1.
3, flower,
Pleurothallis graciliscapa C. Schweinf. 1, plant; 10. expanded; X 6. 4, lip;
1.
2, leaf
with
308
309
Pleurothallis Grobyi Batem. ex Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1797. 1836; Hook. Bot. Mag. 65: t. 3682. 1839; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 36, no. 221. 1859; Ames & Correll, Field. Bot. 26: 230. 1952.
Pleurothallis picta Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: sub. t. 1797, no. 15. 1836; Orch. Pleurothallis 36, no. 222. 1859. Humboldtia Grobyi 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891. Humboldtia picta 0. Ktze.
Fol.
Rev. Gen. PL
pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant small, caespitose, variable, rarely up to 15.5 cm. tall. Stems numerous, abbreviated, crowded, monophyllous, up to 12 mm. high, concealed by several tubular, imbricating sheaths. Leaf very variable in shape and size, suborbicularoval, spatulate or linear-oblanceolate, up to 6.3 (rarely 7) cm. long and 11 mm. wide, acute to rounded at the apex, tapering below into a more or less petioled base, marginate. Inflorescence solitary, exceeding the leaves (usually much so),
very loosely racemose above, capillary, up to 12.5 (rarely 15) cm. long, few- to several-flowered. Flowers small, ringent, bilabiate, membranaceous, green, white, yellow, or orange, more or less marked with red. Dorsal sepal ovate to ovatelanceolate, acute to long-acuminate, concave, up to 8 or 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate or lanceolate, bidentate, acute or long-acuminate, concave lamina which is slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals about
subacute.
a half to a fourth as long as the sepals, obliquely cuneate-oblanceolate, acute or Lip about equaling the petals or slightly longer, oblong, indistinctly
bicarinate,
rounded at the apex, rarely up to 3 mm. long, arcuate in natural the petals and lip, clavate, winged throughout, tridentate above, extended into a prominent foot.
position.
Column about equaling
Amazonas: Lower Napo River, about 100 meters, epiphyte in Cuzco: Habitat not recorded, Bues s.n. rain-forest, Tessmann 3734Loreto: Rio Huallaga Canon, below Rio Santo Domingo, about
1200 meters, in dry woods, Macbride 4220. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte in forest on river side, Klug 1402, 10044- Upper Maranon River at the mouth of the Santiago River, 160 meters, Tessmann 4362. San Martin: San Roque, 1350-1500 meters, on trunk of petrified tree in forest, Williams 7711. A widely dispersed and very variable species extending from Mexico through Central
America and the West Indies to Brazil and Peru.

Pleurothallis hemirhoda Lindl. Paxt., Paxt. Flow. Gard. 3: 133, no. 612, fig. 299. 1852-3; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 20, no. 109. 1859. Restrepia vittata Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. 3: 314, t. 1848,
not Pleurothallis vittata Lindl. (1838). Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891.
high.
&
Humboldtia hemirhoda 0.
Plant large, from the thick rhizome to the apex of the erect leaf up to 63 cm. Stems approximate, monophyllous, slender, provided with 2 or 3 close, tubular-cylindric, maculate sheaths of which the uppermost is largest and sepa rated, up to 50 cm. long. Leaf elliptic to oblong-elliptic, up to 13.7 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide, obtuse to subacute, cuneate to subrounded at the sessile base. In-
310
30
florescences 1-flowered, abbreviated, solitary to several. rather large, bilabiate, white and rose or cream-green
Flower long-pedicelled, and rose. Dorsal sepal
lanceolate, long-acuminate, concave, about 2.6 cm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into an oblong-lanceolate, acuminate lamina which is deeply concave and
about as long as the dorsal sepal but somewhat wider. Petals slender, as long as or slightly longer than the dorsal sepal, from an ovate-lanceolate, irregularly serrate-ciliate or "tomentose" base, tapering into a filiform upper portion which is slightly clavate at the apex. Lip somewhat shorter than the lamina of the
narrowly oblong in outline, deeply 3-lobed or auriculate at the base, sharply acute or "blunt," about 2 cm. long; lateral lobes very small, with obliquely lanceolate, porrect free portion; mid-lobe many times larger than the lateral lobes, Column oblanceolate-oblong, with the margins erose-ciliolate or "tomentose."
lateral sepals,
minute.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, mountain forest, Klug 3634- Colombia (type)
.
in
Pleurothallis hirsutissima C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 94, t. 29. 1951. Figure 55.
Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems numerous, approximate, wide-spreading, monophyllous, slender, up to 4.5 cm. long, entirely concealed by 2 to 4 close, tubular, densely hirsute sheaths. Leaf
commonly more or less erect, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, acute or obtuse, densely hirsute on both surfaces, up to 3.9 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide. Flowers small, pale Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, fascicled, 1 to 5. green marked with purple. Sepals densely hirsute without. Dorsal sepal triangular-lanceolate, gradually narrowed into a purple filament which is clavate and fleshy-thickened at the apex, about 10.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals more or less connate, semielliptic and incurved, subacute, slightly shorter than the dorsal Petals similar to the dorsal sepal, sepal, but about as wide where broadest. obliquely lanceolate, narrowed into a purple filament which is fleshy-thickened and clavate at the apex, a little shorter than the lateral sepals. Lip pandurate, about 5 mm. long and half as wide above and below, acute; basal portion with a pair of obliquely ovate-triangular, incurved, sharply acute lobules; middle and anterior portion broadly obovate with lacerate-dentate margins; disc bicarinate below the middle, adorned with numerous dense papillae. Column small, arcuate, about 3.6 mm. high, dilated and irregularly dentate-lobulate at the apex.
solitary,
sessile,
Junin Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 1800 meters, among mosses on tree in tall forest, Woytkowski 35475.
:
Pleurothallis inaequisepala C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 180, t. 18, figs. 1-7. 1942. Figure 56.
Stems crowded, filiform, occasionally Plant small, slender, caespitose. superposed or fascicled, entirely concealed by close, tubular, lepanthiform sheaths with a spreading hispid mouth, up to 6 cm. long (excluding the branches). Leaf solitary, obovate or subelliptic to oblanceolate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, more or less gradually narrowed into a short petiole, up to 3.1 cm. long and 7 mm.
wide, marginate.
Inflorescences abbreviated,
commonly
2 to 4, racemose, very
PLEUROTHALLIS
C,
hirsu+issima
Schweinf,
FIG. 55.
Pleurothallis hirsutissima C. Schweinf.

3. 3, lip;
1,
plant;
1.
2, flower,
expanded;
IVz-
311
312
30
much shorter than the leaf. Flowers small, membranaceous. Dorsal sepal strongly cucullate, ovate, rather abruptly caudate, Lateral sepals arcuate-reflexed, linear-triangular, longabout 5 mm. long. attenuate, shortly connate near the base, rather shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals about half as long as the sepals, obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, lightly sigmoid, acute or acuminate. Lip simple, shorter than the petals, ovate or rhombicColumn ovate, broadly obtuse, broadly cuneate below, about 1.5 mm. long.
loosely 2- to 4-flowered, diffuse,
minute, stout.
Hen era
Cuzco: "Valle de Santa Ana, alturas del Chaco," 3666 meters, 2125 (Bues coll.).
Pleurothallis juninensis Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 76. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 114, nr. 449. 1929. Plant variable, both vegetatively and florally, small to rather large, caespitose. Stems densely clustered, monophyllous, slender, provided with 2 or 3 long, close, tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is elongate and separated, up to 28.5 cm.
Leaf erect, spreading or reflexed, oblong-ovate to lanceolate-ovate, acuminate or long-acuminate, more or less deeply cordate at the sessile base, up to 9.7 cm. long (including the basal auricles) and 4.3 cm. wide below the middle. Inhigh.
Flower small, bilabiate, florescences 1-flowered, abbreviated, one to several. Dorsal sepal linear-oblong or linearpale yellow, greenish or salmon-pink.
up to 9.6 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a concave, ovate-lanceolate, acute lamina which is slightly shorter but much broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear, acute, somewhat falcate-porrect, more or less distinctly finely erose, somewhat shorter than the sepals. Lip oblong or ovate-oblong, shorter than the petals, sharply deflexed at the cordate base, abruptly acute or apiculate, with the margins minutely erose and the disc more or less scabrous, the mid-nerve near the apex fleshy-thickened beneath, up to 5 mm.
lanceolate, acute or subacute,
long in greatest length.

:
Column minute,
stout.
Junin Above Huacapistana on the road to Palca, 1700-1900 meChanchamayo Valley, 1600 meters, ters, Weberbauer 1974 (type). Schunke 1709, 1764- Pichis Trail, Enefias, 1600-1900 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25656, 25663. San Ramon, 900-1300 meters, epiphyte in dry woods, Killip & Smith 24761. Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1400-1700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 24859. Loreto: Pumayacu, between and Moyobamba, 600-1200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Balsapuerto
King
0.14-
FIG. 56.
and ovary from
Pleurothallis inaequisepala C. Schweinf. 1, plant; 5. 3, dorsal sepal; side, natural position;
sepals, natural position; 10. 7, lip, expanded;
5.
5,
petal;
X X 5.
X 1. X 5.
from
2, flower 4, lateral
6,
column and
8,
lip
side;
10.
P. tenuis C. Schweinf.
side;
12, petal; 10.
X 2^. X 5.
10, dorsal sepal; 13,
X
lip
5.
plant; X 1. 9, flower from 11, lateral sepals, natural position; X 5.
column and
from
side;
10.
14, lip
tennis
& dcfiusein
313
314
30
Bot.
Pleurothallis juninensis Schltr. var. angustifolia C. Schweinf. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 96. 1951.
Stems 4.5-15 cm. long. Leaf Plant small to medium-sized, caespitose. lanceolate-oblong to linear, more or less narrowed above, cuneate, rounded or subcordate at the base, up to 8.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences similar to those of the type. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, about 6 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals connate into a lanceolate-ovate lamina which is slightly shorter but broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals and lip similar to those of the type.
solitary,
Huanuco: Yanano, about 1800 meters, epiphyte on mossy tree, Macbride 3847 (type). Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke 1123.
Pleurothallis juninensis Schltr. var. subaequisepala C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 52. 1953.
Plant large, caespitose. Stems 14-27.5 cm. long. Leaf solitary, ovateoblong or elliptic-oblong, acute or short-acuminate, shortly cordate at the base, 10-11 cm. long, up to 3.5 cm. wide. Flowers bilabiate, similar to those of P. juninensis var. angustifolia but larger, brown or reddish. Dorsal sepal oblongovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about 9.5-16 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate lamina, which is about as long as the dorsal sepal but slightly narrower. Petals and lip similar to those of
the type.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Vargas 2561 (type). Prov. of Paucartambo, "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, above Rio Pillahuata, 2300-2400 meters, epiphyte in forest, Pennell 14005.
Pleurothallis lanceolata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 5. 1830; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 6, no. 24. 1859. Humboldtia lanceolata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 667. 1891. (Humboldtia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav.
Syst. Veg. 237. 1798, and Stelis lanceolata Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 524, no. 12. 1807, cited by Lindley in 1830 and by others as synonyms of Pleurothallis lanceolata, are referable
to Stelis disticha Poepp.
&
Endl., fide
Lindley 1842; vide remarks about Stelis lanceolata supra.)

Plant robust, variable, about 45-60 cm. high. Stem monophyllous, about 24-44 cm. high, provided with about 3 tubular, membranaceous, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, distinctly short-petioled; lamina elliptic to oblong-elliptic, acute, narrowed or broadly cuneate at the base, 13-19.5 cm. long, up to 6 cm. wide; Inflorescence solitary, racemose, loosely few- to petiole up to 1.9 cm. long. several-flowered, shorter than or slightly surpassing the leaf, arising from a conspicuous, conduplicate, coriaceous spathe up to 8 cm. long. Flowers rather large. Sepals about 2 cm. long. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, long-attenuate above, concave. Lateral sepals connate into a subequally long, concave, lanceolate,

acuminate lamina which
is
315
sepals, long attenuate-caudate
bidentate above. Petals somewhat shorter than the from a lanceolate base. Lip nearly as long as the
petals, lanceolate, long-acuminate, navicular.
Column dwarf,
arcuate, dilated
toward the base.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pavon (type).

Schlechter,
Huanuco,
fide
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 141. 1921.
Also Venezuela.
Pleurothallis lancilabris (Reichb.
f.)
Schltr. var.
oxyglossa
(Schltr.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 6: 200. 1938. Pleurothallis oxyglossa Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 354. 1912. Pleurothallis Schulzeana Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2: 396. 1918.
Plant very small, rarely up to 8 cm. tall. Rhizome abbreviated. Stems crowded, monophyllous, very short, rarely up to 6 mm. high, invested by a tubular, membranaceous sheath. Leaf linear-oblanceolate to cuneate-spatulate, rarely up to 3.5 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, minutely tridenticulate at the acute or rounded apex, gradually narrowed to a more or less distinctly petioled base. Inflorescences capillary, solitary, much surpassing the leaf, loosely few- to many-flowered, with a fractiflex rachis and rather long spreading pedicels. Flowers small, but large for the plant, with spreading segments, reddish green, yellow, reddish yellow or pale purple-red. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, up to about
5 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely linear-lanceolate, falcate, long-acuminate, slightly shorter and narrower than the sepals. Lip
narrowly triangular-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or long-acuminate, Column sessile, about half as long as the sepals or more, up to 3 mm. long.
minute, broadly bialate.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, S. Pedro to S. Isabel, 1350 meters, on old tree trunks in stony tract, Vargas 6777. Prov. of Urubamba, Salapunco, Km. 84, 2400 meters, on mossy rocks, Vargas 5987. Huanuco: Panao, about 2700 meters, ledges and crevices of rock Also Guatemala (type of P. oxyglossa) and cliffs, Macbride 3631. Costa Rica (type of P. Schulzeana).
Pleurothallis linearis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 82, no. 98. 1842; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 14, no. 72. 1859. Specklinia linearis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 9, no. 5. 1830 (excl. synon.).
Plant small, with a creeping rhizome. Stems slender, more or less approximate, lightly ancipitous above, about 5-7.6 cm. long, provided below with 2 or 3 Leaf solitary, erect-spreading, elliptic-oblong to linearclose, tubular sheaths. oblong, obtuse with a minutely tridenticulate tip, cuneate at the sessile or subsessile base, 2.5-3.2 cm. long, up to 6 mm. wide. Inflorescence apparently solitary, nearly equaling the leaf or shorter, diffuse, very loosely about 2- to 5-flowered.
This
is
The above
an obscure species perhaps referable to P. pruinosa Lindl. description and measurements were furnished chiefly by
316
30
a photograph of a Pavon collection designated Pleurothallis linearis (in the handwriting of Reichenbach f .) from the Delessert Herbarium, as well as from actual (sterile) specimens from the Reichenbach Herbarium. Since the definition of this concept is uncertain it has not been included in the key. Pleurothallis longiserpens C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. vard Univ. 10: 183, t. 20. 1942. Figure 57.
by a bundle
Leafl.
Har-
Plant long-creeping, medium-sized, funiform. Rhizome slender, concealed of fleshy roots. Secondary stems short, slender, appressed to the rhizome, monophyllous, rarely up to 5 cm. long, concealed by tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf ascending, linear-oblanceolate, acute, gradually narrowed to a sessile base, up to 8 cm. long and 8 mm. wide. Inflorescences 1 to several, fascicled below the apex of the stem, abbreviated, 1- or 2-flowered. Flower rather Dorsal sepal strongly concave, oblong-elliptic large, ringent, reddish brown. below, abruptly narrowed to a subequally long cauda, about 17-21 mm. long. Lateral sepals free nearly to the base, obliquely linear-lanceolate, gradually caudate-acuminate, about as long as the dorsal sepal but much narrower. Petals much shorter, about a fourth as long as the sepals, spatulate-obovate, broadly rounded above with irregular margins. Lip pandurate or 3-lobed, slightly larger than the petals, up to 6 mm. long; basal half with semiorbicular, erect sides or
lobes;
anterior
half
nearly
flat,
ovate-suborbicular,
prominently mucronate,
Column abbreviated, dilated irregularly fimbriate-lacerate, densely papillose. above, about half as long as the petals, with a stout foot which terminates in
a porrect, incurved horn.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, mountains northeast of Huanta, 3100-3200 meters, on rocks, Weberbauer 7510.
Pleurothallis macroblepharis Reichb.
f.
Card. Chron.
n.s. 2:
772. 1874; Linnaea 41: 15. 1876. Masdevallia culex hort. ex Card. Chron. ser. 3, 3: 488. 1888. Masdevallia pulex hort. ex Card. Chron.
ser. 3,
3:488. 1888.
Plant small, caespitose, about 10 cm. high. Stems abbreviated, monophyllous. Leaf cuneate-oblong or cuneate-obovate, narrowed to a short petiole, minutely tridenticulate at the broadly obtuse apex, apparently about 3 cm. long. Inflorescence capillary, about 9 cm. tall, racemose above, distantly few- (5-) flowered. Flowers small, pale straw-color, dotted with dark purple or brown. Dorsal sepal
triangular-ovate, aristate or caudate, concave, sparingly ciliate. Lateral sepals Petals more or less shorter than the similar, oblique, connate near the base.
sepals, lanceolate
and
long-ciliate below, long-aristate above.
Lip about half as
long as the sepals, shortly clawed, obovate-oblong, broadly rounded in front, densely ciliate-fimbriate above, with a pair of abrupt, obtuse-angled auricles just above the claw. Column clavate, serrulate at the dilated apex, about as long as the lip.
Northern Peru(?)
Roezl s.n.
1, plant; XI. 2, flower flower and ovary from side, natural position; X 2. 4, petal; X 5. 6, lip from 5, lip and column from side, natural position; X 5. above, expanded; X 5. 7, column with anterior horn from side; X 5.
FIG. 57.
Pleurothallis longiserpens C. Schweinf.
2.
3,
317
318
30
This description was compiled by reference to drawings of this species, from the Reichenbach Herbarium. Pleurothallis macrorhiza Lindl. Hook. Journ. Bot.
1
1: 9. 1834;
Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 43, no. 273. 1859; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Lean Harvard Univ. 11 176. 1944. Humboldtia macrorhiza 0. Ktze.
.
pt. 2: 667. 1891. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 62. 1921; t. 84, nr. 327. 1929.
Rev. Gen. PL
Pleurothallis rhizomatosa Schltr.
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57:
Plant long-creeping, medium-sized, funiform. Rhizome concealed by an appressed bundle of long, stout roots. Secondary stems appressed to the rhizome below, short, slender, monophyllous, up to 3.2 cm. long, concealed by loose evanescent sheaths. Leaf linear-oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, acute, gradually tapering to a sessile, petiole-like base, up to 7.8 cm. long and 12 mm. wide. Inflorescences 1-3 (rarely 4), arising in a cluster below the apex of the stem, loosely racemose, 1- to 4-flowered, up to 7 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, pale yellow or brownish yellow and brown. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or oblonglanceolate ("ovate-oblong"), acute, concave, up to 1.35 cm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate-oblong, bidentate, concave lamina which is subequally long with the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller, about a third as long as the sepals or a little longer, spatulate to cuneate, rounded and often with a more or less prominent apicule at the apex. Lip almost twice as long as the petals, ovate or rhombic-ovate, rounded to subacute at the apex, with a more or less prominent elliptical depression in the middle, more or less scabrous toward the apex, about 8 mm. or less long. Column slender, arcuate, about equaling the petals or a little shorter, slightly dilated above and below, with a short foot.
Amazonas, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 141. 1921. Cajamarca: Prov. of Chota, Pass south of Conchan, 2500 meters, terrestrial in humus, Stork & Horton 10059. Huanuco: Chasqui, about 3200 meters, "half trailing in patches on shady rocky ledges," Macbride & Featherstone 2455. Chinchapalca, 5 miles above Mito, about 2900 meters, on shady rocky cliff, Macbride & Featherstone 1602. Ecuador (type of both concepts).
Pleurothallis magnipetala C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Lean Harvard Univ. 15: 97, t. 30. 1951. Figure 58.
.
1
Plant small, slender, subcaespitose, up to 13 cm. high. Rhizome abbreviated, Stems more or less approximate, filiform, unifoliate, about 12 cm. or less long, with 2 close, tubular sheaths, the shorter one at the base and the longer one below the middle. Leaf narrowly ovate or lanceolate-ovate, deeply cordate at the base, gradually narrowed above to an obtuse or subacute, minutely tridenticulate tip, wide-spreading or reflexed, up to 5.1 cm. long from the apex to the tip of a basal auricle and 1.8 cm. wide. Inflorescences axillary, abbreviated, 1-flowered, numerous. Flower very small, bilabiate, orange-yellow or dull yellow. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, subacute, concave, about 4.3 mm. long and 2 mm.
creeping.
PLEUROTHALLIS
FIG. 58.
Pleurothallis magnipetala C. Schweinf.

5.
1,
plant;
1.
2, flower,
expanded;
3,
column and
lip
from
319
side;
10.
4, lip;
10.
320
wide.
30
Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, concave, minutely bidentate Petals is distinctly shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal. large for the alliance, oblong-lanceolate or linear-elliptic, acute, about as long as the lateral sepals but much narrower, entire or nearly so. Lip fleshy, narrowly
lamina which
ovate-triangular, shallowly cordate at the base, acute or subacute, about 2.5 in greatest length and 1.5 mm. wide below. Column very short and stout.
mm.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Hda. Ttio Marcapata, 2000 meProv. of ters, in stony or rocky open places, Vargas 3128 (type). 1020 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 6221. Prov. Quispicanchis, Cadena, of Paucartambo, S. Pedro to S. Isabel, 1350 meters, on old tree trunks, Vargas 6784Pleurothallis misera Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 36, no. 215. 1859. Humboldtia misera 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant small and slender, about 17 cm. or more high, caespitose. Stems short, monophyllous, about 2 cm. or less long, clothed with 2 loose, tubular, evanescent Leaf erect, oblanceolate or oblong-spatulate, acute or subobtuse, sheaths. gradually narrowed to a petioled base, up to 5.9 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Inflorescence filiform, far surpassing the leaf, solitary, loosely racemose above, fewto many-flowered, about 17 cm. long, arising from the stem just above the base. Flowers very small. Sepals ovate, sharply acute, about 2.8 mm. long, dorsally carinate. Petals subequally long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Lip oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, fleshy, slightly shorter than the sepals and petals, about 2.1 mm. long. Column minute, dilated and trilobulate above.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, on tree trunks, Mathews 3197. I have examined typical material of this species deposited Gray Herbarium.
in the
Pleurothallis sororia Schltr.

linella rufescens Rolfe,
Pleurothallis muricata Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 293. 1912. Fedde Repert. 10: 294. 1912. Kraenz-
Kew
Bull. (1916) 77.
Schltr. Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 142. 1921. Fedde Repert. Beih. 17: 19. 1922.
Pleurothallis rufescens Pleurothallis diuturna
Plant medium-sized to large, up to 48 cm. tall, stout or slender, extremely Rhizome abbreviated or shortly creeping. Stems crowded, short, monophyllous, up to 7 cm. long, more or less concealed by 2 loose tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect or erect-spreading, varying from oblonglinear to oblong or elliptic-oblong, (sometimes slightly broader above the middle), acute to obtuse or rounded at the apex, more or less gradually cuneate at the base which is commonly sessile but very rarely short-petioled, 5-17 cm. long, up to Inflorescence solitary, racemose above, loosely few- to many4.3 cm. wide. flowered, more or less surpassing the leaf, up to 47.7 cm. long, erect to arcuate, with a more or less fructiflex rachis and prominent equitant floral bracts which are often falcate-incurved. Flowers medium-sized, ringent, reddish brown and maro'on marked with green-yellow, yellow or red and white. Dorsal sepal ovatevariable.
321
oblong or elliptic-oblong, subacute to acuminate, concave, dorsally lightly carinate above, about 9-19 mm. long. Lateral sepals slightly longer, oblong-lanceolate, Petals linear to narrowly lightly falcate, acute, prominently carinate dorsally. elliptic-lanceolate, acute, more or less oblique especially below, with the anterior margin decurrent on the lower part of the column where minutely auriculate, more than half as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip almost equaling the petals, arcuate or lightly sigmoid (when viewed from the side), fleshy, oblong-lanceolate in outline, acute or obtuse, with a pair of minute porrect, falcate, serrate lobules near the base and a more or less distinct pair of semiobovate, incurved, serrate lobules just below the middle, the lamina being densely papillose, about 7-9 mm. long. Column a little shorter than the petals, arcuate, slightly dilated and denticulate above, with a prominent foot. Ovary conspicuously muricate.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Forget s.n. (type of Kraenzlinella Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cadena, 1020 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 6217. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1800 meters, Schunke s.n., 555. Pichis Trail, 1400 meters, epiphyte in dense forest,
rufescens).
& Smith 25437. A widespread species, extending from Mexico and Guatemala (Pleurothallis muricata) to Panama (P. diuturna) and Peru.
Killip
Pleurothallis nigro-hirsuta Kranzl. Fedde Repert.
1: 91. 1905.
Plant medium-sized, about 30 cm. high, apparently caespitose. Stems crowded, monophyllous, slender, provided with 2 or 3 close, tubular sheaths, up to 10 cm. high. Leaf short-petioled; lamina elliptic to oblong-elliptic ("oblong"), rounded at the apex, cuneate below, up to 7 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide; petiole about 1 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, much surpassing the leaf, rather loosely racemose and many-flowered above, about 28 cm. or less long, suberect or lax. Floral bracts and pedicellate ovaries shortly black-hirsute. Flowers simultaneous, rather large, ringent, green. Sepals lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, about 1-1.3 cm. long; lateral sepals shortly connate near the base. Petals cuneate-obovate, triangular-obtuse, with a thickened central line, about a third as long as the sepals or less. Lip rather similar to the petals but a little broader, cuneate-obovate, minutely auriculate on each side at the base, rounded above, disc with 3 lines of which the median is short and the lateral ones extend to the apex. Column short, split into 2 narrow teeth above.
Junin: Prov. of
Tarma ("Terma"), mountains west

humid
of Huacapis-
tana, 2600-3000 meters, in open Weberbauer 2098.
forest mingled with shrubs,
A photograph of the type in the Ames Herbarium furnished some emendations to the original description.
Pleurothallis obovata (Lindl.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 75,
no. 51. 1842; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 22, no. 125. 1859; Kranzl. Xen. Orch. 3: 87, t. 247, fig. II, 7-11. 1892; Cogn. Urban Symb. Antill. 6:
419. 1909.
Specklinia obovata Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25, Misc. 86, no. 137.
322

Pleurothallis octomeriaeformis Reichb.
f.
30
1839.
Bonpl. 2: 25. 1854.

1:
Pleurothallis albida Lindl.
Ann.
& Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3,
327. 1858.
Humboldtia obovata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen.
PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant small, up to 15 cm. or more tall, with a creeping rhizome. Secondary stems more or less separated, slender, monophyllous, mostly concealed by 3 or 4 tubular, membranaceous, evanescent sheaths, more or less decumbent at the base, up to 10 cm. long. Leaf erect, oblanceolate-elliptic to obovate-oblong, obtuse to rounded (rarely acute) at the apex, gradually narrowed below to a short or inInflorescences 1 to several, distinct petiole, up to 9 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. racemose, abbreviated, diffuse, laxly few- (2- to 6-) flowered. Flowers small, whitish to yellow. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, about 4 mm. long, the lateral ones free and slightly oblique. Petals slightly shorter than the sepals, linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate. Lip about half as long as the sepals, narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, slightly constricted below, abruptly narrowed to a more or less acute apex, minutely biauriculate at the base, about 2 mm. or more long. Column about as long as the lip, denticulate at the dilated apex, with a prominent
foot.
West
"Peru"(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 141. 1921. Also Indies (type) and Venezuela (not Brazil, as originally stated).
Pleurothallis pantasmoides C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
15: 98,
t.
31. 1951.
Figure 59.
Plant stout, epiphytic, up to 34 cm. tall. Stems lightly arcuate, monophyllous, terete at the base, 4-angled below, gradually dilated and bialate above, up to 25.5 cm. long, with the apex extending for about 2 cm. into the basal part of the leaf. Leaf rigidly erect, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, cuneate below with the sides decurrent on the stem, about 10.5 cm. long through the center, up to 3.6 cm. wide. Inflorescences few (about 4), very short, arising from the apex of the stem (above the base of the leaf), arcuate-recurved, densely few-flowered. Flowers small, fleshy, bilabiate, densely fine-pubescent on the outer surface and ovary, reddish wine-color. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong, broadly obtuse, about 8.7 mm.
long.
Lateral sepals connate into a suborbicular lamina which
is
slightly bi-
dentate at the rounded apex, broader than long, distinctly shorter and more than twice broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals less than half as long as the dorsal
sepal, obliquely lanceolate-rhombic, broadly truncate or truncate-retuse at the
apex, minutely denticulate on the upper half. Lip very fleshy, arcuate-recurved and about 3.5 mm. long in natural position, apparently ovate, with the sides of the basal portion erect and obscurely round-lobulate, broadly rounded in front,
cuneate below. Column small, arcuate, about as long as the dilated above, denticulate toward the apex.
lip,
abruptly wing-
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Yanamayo-Tambomayo, 1800

meters, Vargas 6499.
Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 41, no. 257. 1859;
Pleurothallis parvifolia Lindl. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 355. 1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3,
PLEUROTHALLIS
pantasmoides
C Sc
FIG. 59.
from
side;
Pleurothallis pantasmoides C. Schweinf. 1, plant; 3. 3. 3, flower from front, partially expanded;
2, flower
4, lip,
three
quarters view;
X 7>.
5,
petal;
X 1 A.
1
323
324
pt. 4: 486,

t.
30
116,
fig. 4.
1896.
Humboldtia parvifolia 0. Ktze. Rev.
Gen.
PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant small, densely caespitose, up to about 6 cm. high. Stems minute, concealed by 2-3 loose, tubular, imbricating sheaths, about 5 mm. or less long. Leaf very small, obovate, rounded at the apex, long-cuneate below, up to 13 mm. long and 6 mm. wide. Scape solitary, filiform, much exceeding the leaf, bearing a fascicle of one to several long-pedicelled flowers at the summit (rarely there are
up to 4 cm. long. Flower rather small, membranaceous, white with purple lines. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, acute, about 6.5-7 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate-elliptic lamina which is about as long as the dorsal sepal but broader. Petals about half as long as the sepals, oblong-obovate,
vestiges of 9 pedicels),
acute.
Lip slightly recurved, elliptic-rhombic or ovate-rhombic, gradually cuneate below, obtuse, about 4-5 mm. long and 2.9 mm. wide when extended. Column arcuate, about 3 mm. long at the back to the tip of the deeply trilobed
wing.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1800 meters, on tree in shade,
Woytkowski 37015.
Brazil (type).
The description was largely compiled from the above collection, together with a Brazilian collection (Gehrt 4599} in the Ames Herbarium.
Pleurothallis pedunculata
(Kl.)
Reichb.
f.
var.
peruviana
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 54. 1953.

Plant rather large, up to over 40 cm. high. Rhizome apparently abbreviated. Stems approximate, monophyllous, 8-18 cm. tall, provided with 2 or 3 close,
tubular,
evanescent sheaths.
elliptic to
Leaf erect or erect-spreading,
short-petioled;
lamina
below, up
oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong, acute or subacute, cuneate to 13.5 cm. long and 4.3 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2 (3 peduncles
sometimes present), much exceeding the leaf, about 23 cm. or less long, loosely racemose and several- to many-flowered above, rising from a conspicuous, conduplicate spathe up to 5.7 cm. long. Flowers rather large but smaller than in the species, yellow-green tinged with reddish. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, attenuate above, about 1.6 cm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an oblonglanceolate, long-acuminate, concave lamina which is somewhat shorter than the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals similar to the dorsal sepal but slightly Lip much smaller, lanceolate-linear, caudate-acuminate and fleshy above. smaller than the other segments, tubular-involute, ovate to oblong-ovate when expanded, with the basal margins dilated and the anterior part narrowed to a rounded apex, about 5.9 mm. long and 4 mm. wide below. Column minute,
dilated above.
Huanuco: Yanano, about 1800 meters, in patches on humus, Macbride 3849.

Pleurothallis penduliflora Kranzl. Fedde Repert.
1: 177. 1905.
Plant large, with an apparently abbreviated rhizome. Stems tall, approximate, up to 40 cm. or more long, monophyllous, provided with 2 or 3 tubular,

maculate sheaths.
325
Leaf suborbicular or very broadly oblong, abruptly contracted
into a triangular apex, shallowly cordate at the sessile base, up to 18 cm. long and 11 cm. wide. Inflorescences about 6, very long and pendulous, loosely many-
flowered, up to about 38 cm. long, arising from a conduplicate, acuminate spathe about 3 cm. long. Flowers rather small, bilabiate, ringent, brown. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, acute or short-acuminate, concave, 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals
entirely connate into a deeply concave, suborbicular-ovate, acute lamina which is about as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals somewhat longer than the sepals, linear,
acuminate. Lip about half as long as the sepals, 3-lobed, broader than long, about 4 mm. long and 5.5 mm. wide; lateral lobes oblong, incurved, obtuse; midlobe shorter, retuse, excavated. Column short, retuse.
ters, in low,
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, mountains of Yanangu, 2300-2400 mehumid, mossy woods, Weberbauer 2118.
description of this species was emended photograph of the type, in the Ames Herbarium.
The
by
reference to a
Pleurothallis phalangifera (Presl) Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Acronia phalangifera Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 104. 1827; Symb. Bot. 2: 10, t. 57. 71833. Pleurothallis Mathewsii Lindl. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 355. 1836; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 8, no. 30. 1859. Pleurothallis bogotensis Lindl. Orch. Linden. 1, no. 3. 1846. Humboldtia Mathewsii 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: 668. 1891.
9: 141. 1921.
Plant large, with a creeping rhizome, 20 to about 56 cm. high. Stems rather distant, monophyllous, up to 34 cm. high (sometimes superposed), with 2 or 3 close, tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is longest. Leaf erect, oblong-ovate
to oval, up to 16.8 cm. long and 8.2 cm. wide, acute or abruptly acuminate, sessile Inflorescences 1 to several, fascicled, commonly much at the rounded base.
large,
exceeding the leaf, up to about 30 cm. long, loosely few- to many-flowered. Flowers with spreading sepals and petals, greenish yellow or yellow and dark red (rarely greenish purple). Dorsal sepal from a lanceolate, concave base attenuatecaudate, up to 4.3 cm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a lanceolateattenuate lamina which is very similar to the dorsal sepal. Petals lanceolatelinear, tapering into a caudate-attenuate apex, erose-ciliolate below, a little shorter and much narrower than the sepals. Lip many times shorter than the sepals and petals, rhombic-ovate or suborbicular below, then abruptly linearlanceolate, callose-thickened in the middle of the dilated portion and through the
the
anterior portion, up to 8.2 lip, dilated above.
mm.
long.
Column minute,
less
than half as long as
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1902 (type of Pleurothallis

Mathewsii). Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 141. 1921. Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Tuncapata, Sta. Rita, 2800 meters,
epiphyte in forest, Vargas 2646. Huanuco: Near "Huanocco," habitat not recorded, in mountainous places, Haenke s.n. (type of
Acronia phalangifera). Yanano, about 1800 meters, on humus, Macbride 3848. Also Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador.
326
30
The description of the lip in Acronia phalangifera depicts a structure which is quite at variance with that of Pleurothallis Mathewsii, but the former concept has commonly been taken as synonymous
with the
latter,
and
it
seems that there
is
no doubt
of its identity.
76. 1921;
Pleurothallis phyllostachys Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 115, nr. 450. 1929.
Plant medium-sized, with a creeping, flexuous rhizome, up to 25 cm. high. distant, stout, subterete below, more or less complanate and bialate above, monophyllous, up to 17.5 cm. high, provided at the base with 1 or 2 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, long-decurrent on the stem, obtuse to rounded at the apex, lightly cordate at the base, up to 10 cm. long, 3.3-5 cm. wide. Inflorescences arising from the apex of the stem well above the base of the leaf, commonly solitary, abbreviated, much shorter than the leaf, 3- to 5-flowered. Flowers orange turning to yellow, fleshy, medium-sized, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal linear-oblong or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, sharply acute ("obtuse"), 10-11 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate to about the middle, forming an ovateoblong, sharply bidentate, concave lamina which is slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal, but much broader. Petals about half as long as the sepals, elliptic-oblanceolate ("linear ligulate"), acute, irregularly lacerate above, with a fleshy-thickened mid-nerve. Lip about equaling the petals, longitudinally concave, ovate-oblong when expanded, broadly rounded in front with minutely denticulate margins, fleshy-thickened in the middle of the basal part, about 5.6 mm. long. Column scarcely more than half as long as the petals, slender, arcuate, terminating above in a pair of ascending auricles, with a prominent foot.
Stems rather
Piura Prov. of Huancabamba, Hacienda Chantaco, east of Huancabamba, 2500 meters, Weberbauer 6313. I have seen isotype collections of this species in the Gray Her:
barium.
Pleurothallis Poeppigii Lindl. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 354. 1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, 4: 445. 1896. Myoxanthus monophyllus Poepp. & Endl. Nov. pt. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 50, t. 88. 1836. Humboldtia Poeppigii 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: 668. 1891. Pleurothallis myoxanthus Schltr. Fedde
Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 16, no. 80. 1859;
Repert. Beih. 9: 141. 1921.

Plant large, epiphytic, with an apparently abbreviated rhizome. Stems numerous, caespitose, stout, monophyllous, 20-45 cm. tall, provided with 3 or 4 Leaf erect, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. long-attenuate to an obtuse, commonly bidentate apex, cuneate below to a sessile Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, base, 30-40 cm. long, 5-6 cm. wide. numerous, fascicled, forming a dense capitulum. Flowers large, white, membranaceous, partially immersed in hispid, imbricated bracts. Sepals subequal, from a narrowly ovate base very long subulate-attenuate, flexuous, 4-5 cm. long, the lateral ones being connate near the concave base. Petals similar to the sepals,

filiform
327
from a somewhat dilated base.
Lip
much
smaller than the other
members
of the perianth, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, attenuate to an obtuse apex, about 3 mm. long, purple. Column a little shorter than the lip, clavate, with a prominent porrect foot.
Huanuco: Near Cassapi (Casapi) and Cuchero (Cochero), on

forest trees,
Poeppig 1743.
Pleurothallis pruinosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 75, no. 55. 1842; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 26, no. 152. 1859; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 429. 1896. Humboldtia pruinosa 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant small, caespitose, with an abbreviated or shortly creeping rhizome, up to 11.5 cm. tall. Stems very slender, monophyllous, 2-8.8 cm. high, provided with 2 or 3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost is much the longest. Leaf erect, oblong (elliptic-oblong, ovate-oblong or linearoblong), obtuse to rounded at the apex, commonly sessile with a rounded or cuneate base, 2-4.5 cm. long, up to 8 mm. wide. Inflorescences filiform, loosely
rarely
racemose above, shorter than to slightly surpassing the
leaf,
up
to 7-flowered,
(occasionally 4 peduncles are present). Flower small, bilabiate, white or greenish to pale yellow. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-ovate, obtuse or acute, concave, about 3.8 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a
commonly solitary
is about as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals linear, triangular-linear or linear-lanceolate, more or less falcate, porrect, acute, subequaling the sepals. Lip about half as long as the sepals or more, rhombic-ovate or triangular-ovate, acute or acuminate, cuneate below, with a more or less distinct callose thickening below the middle, up to 2.2 mm. long.
deeply concave, ovate, obtuse lamina which
Column minute, abruptly
dilated near the apex.
Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte, Klug 10129. widely distributed and variable species ranging from the West
British
Indies and
Honduras to Panama, Venezuela, Colombia (?), Guiana, French Guiana and Surinam (type).
Pleurothallis pusilla (HBK.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 82, no. 104. 1842; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 41, no. 262. 1859. Dendrobium pusillum HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 357. 1816. Specklinia pusilla
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: sub. 1. 1797. 1836. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Humboldtia pusilla 0. Ktze.
Plant very small, caespitose, up to about 2.6 cm. high. Stems slender, 2- to 3-jointed, concealed by evanescent, lepanthiform sheaths, monophyllous, about 1.3 cm. long. Leaf elliptic to oval or obovate, rounded to subacute at the apex,
narrowed to a short petiole, up to about 8 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide. Inflorescences 1 to 3, about twice as long as the leaf, loosely 1- or 2-flowered above. Flowers small, yellow, about 4 mm. long. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, very longacuminate. Dorsal sepal concave. Lateral sepals narrower, flat. Petals one
third as long as the sepals, oblong.
Lip oblong, subunguiculate.
328
30
Peru(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 142. 1921.
Ecuador
This
(type).
is
a very doubtful species of the Lepanthiformes section of and a photograph of Dendrobium pusillum in the Ames Herbarium, from which the description was largely drawn, fails to give a clear idea of the identity.
Pleurothallis,
Univ. 10: 184,
Pleurothallis quadra ta C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard t. 19, figs. 1-4. 1942. Figure 60.
Plant small, caespitose, up to about 16.5 cm. high. Stems crowded, short, monophyllous, 2-4 cm. tall, mostly concealed by 2 loose, tubular, evanescent Leaf abruptly short-petioled; lamina oval, minutely retuse at the sheaths. rounded apex, rounded to broadly cuneate below, up to 3.9 cm. long and 1.9 cm.
wide. Inflorescences much surpassing the leaf, commonly 1 or 2, subdensely racemose and many-flowered above, up to 12.6 cm. long. Flowers minute, rose-red mottled with purple, semiglobose. Dorsal sepal strongly cucullate, suborbicular, rounded at the apex, about 2.1 mm. long. Lateral sepals elliptic-ovate, connate to about the middle, obtuse or rounded at the apex, deeply concave, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals more than half as long as the sepals, oblongsubquadrate, lightly retuse at the truncate apex. Lip about as long as the petals,
tubular-involute in natural position, quadrate when expanded, truncate in front with a short, fleshy callus at each outer corner. Column short and stout, a little
shorter than the petals, with a stout, ovoid foot.
Junin Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1400-1700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 24856.
:
Pleurothallis restrepioides Lindl. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 356. 1836; Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 68, no. 2. 1842; Fol. Orch. PleuroHumboldtia restrepioides 0. Ktze. Rev. thallis 30, no. 174. 1859.
Gen.
PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891, as
H.
restrepiodes.
Plant rather large. Stems (incomplete in the type), monophyllous, often superposed or proliferous, up to 11 cm. or more long. Leaf erect, oblong to oblongelliptic, sessile to very shortly petioled, obtuse, cuneate below, up to 11 cm. long and 3.9 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2, much surpassing the leaf, the longest one (incomplete in the type) up to 24 cm. long, loosely racemose above, several- to many-flowered, suberect to arcuate. Flower rather large, about 1.9 cm. long, bilabiate, purple and green. Dorsal sepal ovate, cymbiform, acuminate. Lateral sepals connate into a lanceolate-ovate, emarginate, cymbiform lamina which appears to be subequally long with the dorsal .sepal. Petals distinctly shorter
than the sepals, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate. Lip a little longer than the petals, lanceolate in outline; lower half oblong, concave with erect sides; anterior half abruptly narrowed, linear, fleshy, recurved. Column about half as long as the
petals, abruptly clavate above.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews
s.n.
FIG. 60.
front,
Pleurothallis quadrala C. Schweinf.
expanded; expanded; X 10. from side; X 4.
10.
3,
column and
and
lip
lip
from
5,
P. dilatata C. Schweinf.
7, column 4.
from
side;
flower from from above, 6, flower and ovary plant; X ^. X 4. 8, lip from above, expanded;
1,
plant;
1.
2,
side;
10.
4, lip
4.
9, petal;
329
330
30
with
This description was largely based on a photograph of the type floral analysis, from the Lindley Herbarium.
Leafl.
Pleurothallis retusiloba C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. vard Univ. 15: 100, t. 32. 1951. Figure 61.
fascicles of 2 or 3
Har-
Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, with a shortly creeping rhizome. Stems in enveloped at the base by 2 or more stout, tubular sheaths, or more rarely solitary and 2-3 cm. distant, about 9-14 cm. long, unifoliate, provided with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths. Leaf ascending, short-petioled; lamina elliptic-oblong, lightly retuse-bilobulate at the rounded apex, broadly cuneate at the base, up to 7.2 cm. long, about 2 cm. wide; petiole sulcate, up to 10 mm. long. Inflorescences 1 or 2, more or less surpassing the leaf, densely many-flowered nearly to the base, suberect to arcuate, about 9-14 cm. long, subtended by a conduplicate spathe up to 1.5 cm. long. Flowers small, nodding, secund, campanulate, membranaceous, about 5 mm. long. Sepals glabrous, but with involute ciliolate margins, connate at the base. Dorsal sepal strongly concave, oblong-ovate, acute, about 4.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate-oblong, concave lamina which is divided to about the middle into a pair of acute lobules, about as long as the dorsal sepal and slightly wider. Petals about half as long as the sepals, oblongcuneate, obliquely subtruncate or slightly retuse above. Lip very small, longitudinally concave, about 1.5 mm. long and slightly wider, suborbicular-obovate
in outline when expanded, rather deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes semiobovate, spreading; mid-lobe subquadrate, about twice as broad as long, shallowly retuse.
Column
stout, minute, with

:
a-
prominent fleshy
foot.
Cuzco Prov.
in rain-forest,
of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 3000 meters, epiphyte Vargas 3030.
(Reichb. f. & Warsc.) L. 0. Wms. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 7: 188. 1939. Restrepia cucullata Lindl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 108. 1845; Fol. Orch. Restrepia 3,
Pleurothallis
rhynchantha
no. 8. 1859, not Pleurothallis cucullata
chantha Reichb.
Schltr.
f.
& Warsc.
Ames (1923). Restrepia rhynBonpl. 2: 114. 1854. Barbosella cucullata
Fedde Repert. 15: 261. 1918. Barbosella rhynchantha Schltr. Fedde Repert. 15: 263. 1918. Pleurothattis angustisegmenta C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 139. 1942.
Plant small to medium-sized, with an ascending, more or less branching rhizome which is concealed by scarious sheaths. Stems abbreviated, ascending, unifoliate, up to 2.2 cm. long, concealed by 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths. Leaf cuneate-oblong to oblanceolate-linear, obtuse and apiculate, long-narrowed below, frequently conduplicate and arcuate in the dried specimen, very coriaceous, up to Peduncle filiform, 1-flowered, much surpassing 7.5 cm. long and 7 mm. wide. the leaf, up to 20 cm. long. Flower large, campanulate, dark pink to wine-red, variable in size. Dorsal sepal linear-attenuate, about 1.9-5.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a narrowly lanceolate, minutely bidentate lamina which is Petals about a third slightly shorter but much broader than the dorsal sepal.
PLEUROTHALLIS
FIG. 61.
Pleurothallis retusiloba C. Schweinf.
1,
plant;
4,
X A.
1
2,
5. 3, lip, expanded; side, natural position; 10. 5, dorsal sepal, expanded; quarters view;
X
X
10.
5.
column and
flower from lip, three
5.
7, petal;
X X
6, lateral sepals,
expanded;
5.
331
332
30
to a half as long as the sepals, lanceolate-linear, gradually long-caudate. Lip minute, oblong to ovate-oblong, rounded to truncate at the apex, fleshy, more or
angled and dilated below the middle when the erect sides are expanded, with a pair of keels near the base which are confluent above, about 4 mm. or more long. Column short, about equaling the lip, the upper half cucullate-winged.
less
Peru: Warscewicz s.n. (type of Restrepia rhynchantha) Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 3000 meters, epiphytic in rainProv. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2040 meforest, Vargas 3014.
on rocks or cliffs, Vargas 5549. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1400 meters, Schunke 1234. Also Colombia (type of Restrepia cucullata) and Ecuador.
ters,
Pleurothallis rigidifolia Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 3: 224. 1855; Lindl.
Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 18, no. 100. 1859.
Humboldtia
rigidifolia
0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.

Plant variable, commonly large, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems approximate, monophyllous, about 11.5-62 cm. high, entirely concealed by 4 to numerous tubular, evanescent sheaths which are close and dark-pubescent in the lower portion of the stem and commonly looser and glabrous above. Leaf erect or spreading, sessile, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate to narrowly lanceolateelliptic, narrowed to an obtuse, minutely tridenticulate apex, cuneate below,
8.9-26.5 cm. long, up to 5 cm. wide, rigid-coriaceous. Inflorescences abbreviated, numerous, 1-flowered, forming a dense glomerule just below the apex of the stem. Flowers small, variable in size, pale yellow or white. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, concave, 3.4-11 mm. long. Lateral sepals free, similar to the dorsal sepal but a little shorter and commonly broader, oblique. Petals from a broader basal portion more or less abruptly contracted into a long,
narrowly oblong to linear anterior portion which is more or less thickened, slightly shorter than to somewhat exceeding the sepals. Lip very small, lightly recurved in natural position, oblong to oblong-ovate in outline, simple or obscurely 3-lobed with the lower half more or less dilated and the anterior half ovate or ovate-oblong,
Column minute, stout, less acute, 2-3 mm. long, up to 1.7 mm. wide. arcuate, with a narrow tooth on either side of the clinandrium, up to 2.1 mm. high, with a distinct foot.
more or
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, on rocks, Mathews 3187 (type). Prov. Bongara, Pomocochas, across southern end of Lake Pomocochas from village, 2460 meters, forming large clump on tree trunk in the mountain rain-forest of Quebrada Corazon Jacko, Hodge 6151. Huanuco: District of Churubamba, Hacienda Mercedes, on trail to Balsa-playa, 1200 meters, on tree trunk in original forest, Mexia 8198a. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1276. Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 1900 meters, on tree in low highland Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, forest, Woytkowski 35435.
of
epiphyte, King 10134.
333
Univ. 10: 186,

to 17.5 cm. or
Pleurothallis ringens C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard t. 21. 1942. Figure 62.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to 27 cm. high. Stems monophyllous, up more tall, provided below with 2 or 3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, rather long-petioled lamina oval or ovate-elliptic, rounded or obtuse at the apex, broadly cuneate at the base (appearing to be rounded in the dried specimen), up to 8.5 cm. long and 4.2 cm. wide; petiole slender, about 2 cm. or less long. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, few to numerous, in the axil of a prominent conduplicate spathe up to 1.8 cm. long. Flowers medium;
sized, bilabiate, ringent, translucent

late, lanceolate-ovate,
with red lines. Dorsal sepal strongly cuculacute or acuminate, about 12.3 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an oblong-lanceolate, navicular lamina which is shortly bidentate at the apex, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal but much narrower. Petals much shorter than the sepals, linear-lanceolate in outline, oblique, long-narrowed to the acute apex, with a short subquadrate basal portion which terminates in a pair of unequal teeth (one on each side). Lip sigmoid and about 6.4 mm. long when viewed from the side in natural position, deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect,
porrect and parallel, arcuate-oblong, very obliquely bilobed above the middle, broadly obtuse; mid-lobe much larger, narrowly ovate-triangular from a broad
base, obtuse. the base.
Column very
short, less than half as long as the lip, dilated
toward
Junin: La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1230 meters, epiphyte, Macbride 5618 (type). Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1097. Same locality, 1200 meters, Schunke 1110.
Pleurothallis rubens Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21, sub. t. 1797, no. 32. 1836; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 31, no. 183. 1859; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 565. 1896. Humboldtia rubens 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen.
PL
pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Stems approximate, monophyllous, 3-9 Plant medium-sized, caespitose. cm. high, provided with 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, commonly short-petioled lamina oblong to narrowly elliptic, obtuse to rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, 4.7-9.5 cm. long, up to 2.5 cm. wide; petiole stout, up to 1.2 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary (rarely 2), much surpassing the leaf, racemose above, densely or subdensely many-flowered, up to 52 cm. long, erect to arcuate. Flowers rather small, erect, with spreading segments, yellow becoming reddish. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, acute or acuminate, concave, 8.6-10 mm. long. Lateral
;
sepals free, obliquely lanceolate, acute or acuminate, subequal to the dorsal sepal. Petals about half as long as the sepals, oblong to cuneate-oblong, broadly rounded or subtruncate at the apex.
in outline,
Lip somewhat larger than the petals, cuneate-oblong pandurate (i.e., constricted near the middle), about 5 mm. long; basal half rounded on each side, with a pair of erect fleshy ridges; anterior half suborbicular or suborbicular-ovate, with broadly rounded or truncate-subretuse apical marColumn about equaling the petals; body minute, with a subequally long, gin.
triangular-lanceolate, obtuse apical wing.
Junin:
(type).
Chanchamayo
Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 516.
Brazil
no
C/.
FIG. 62.
Pleurothallis ringens C. Schweinf.
1,
plant;
5.
column from
sepal;
5. side; 3, lip 2^. 5, lateral sepals;
from above, partially expanded;
X %. X
2,
5.
lip
4,
and
dorsal
2J^.
6,
petal;
335
Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 10, no. 43. 1859. 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Pleurothallis ruberrima Lindl. Orch. Linden. 1, no. 5. 1846; Humboldtia ruberrima
Plant large, epiphytic, about 52 cm. or more high to the tip of the erect leaf. slender, up to more than 32 cm. tall (incomplete in specimens seen), monophyllous, with a close, elongate, tubular sheath below. Leaf elliptic-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate or long-acuminate, shallowly cordate at the base, up to 18.8 cm. in greatest length and 4.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences fascicled, 1 to several in the axil of a slender, conduplicate spathe up to 2.8 cm. long. Flowers large, long-pedicelled, bilabiate, pink-brown, red streaked with purple, or purple. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute, up to 2.7 cm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a broadly ovate, acute or acuminate lamina which is much shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals about four times shorter than the dorsal sepal, linear or narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, obliquely cordate at the base, more or less falcate. Lip relatively minute, round-ovate, concave, apiculate, cordate at the base, denticulate on the margins, about 4 mm. long. Column minute.
Stem
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Vargas 2547. Also Venezuela (type), Colombia and Ecuador.
have examined a photograph Herbarium. ley

I
of typical material
from the Lind-
Pleurothallis ruscifolia (Jacq.) R. Br. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 5: 211. 1813; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 451. 1896. Epidendrum ruscifolium Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760; Select. Stirp. Am. 226,
t.
133,
fig. 3.
84. 1799.
1763. Dendrobium ruscifolium Sw. Nov. Act. Ups. 6: Pleurothallis succosa Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orch. (1830) 5.
&
Humboldtia succosa Pav. ex Lindl. Gen.

synon. Pleurothallis multicaulis Poepp.
47,
t.
&
Sp. Orch. (1830) 5, in Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1:
&
82. 1836.
Humboldtia
ruscifolia 0. Ktze.
Rev. Gen.
PI. pt. 2:
668. 1891.
Figure 63.
Plant variable throughout, small to large. Rhizome creeping. Stems numermore or less approximate, slender, monophyllous, 3-38 cm. high, provided with 2-3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost is longest and separated. Leaf erect, petioled, 5-20.5 cm. long; lamina elliptic to linear-elliptic (rarely lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate), acute or more often long-acuminate, usually long-cuneate below, up to 18 cm. long, 0.5-5.3 cm. wide; petiole up to 3 cm. long, for the most part gradually dilated into the lamina. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, numerous. Flowers small, bilabiate, greenish or whitish-green to yellow. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, from an ovate, deeply concave base acuminate or long-attenuate, 6-10 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a very similar but usually slightly narrower, concave lamina which is minutely
ous,
retuse at the tip. Petals linear-lanceolate (rarely filiform), acuminate, subequaling or shorter than the sepals. Lip many times shorter than the sepals, abruptly reflexed near the middle and more or less sigmoid when viewed from the side, ovate
336
30
or oblong-ovate when expanded, acute or acuminate, about 2 mm. long, with a small callus in the middle near the base. Column minute, about half as long as the lip, with a fleshy, subglobose dilation at the base.
368.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pavdn s.n. (P. succosa), Henschel Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, S. Pedro to Sta. Isabel, 1320
Huanuco: Near Cassapi meters, on old tree trunks, Vargas 6781. Mathews 1916. Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cu(Casapi),
chero (Cochero), in subandean woods, Poeppig 1430 (P. multicaulis). Left bank of Rio Huallaga, above Cayumba, 805 meters, on tree trunks and branches, Mexia 8313. District of Churubamba, Hacienda Mercedes, on trail to Balsa-playa, 1200 meters, on tree trunks in dense shade, Mexia 8178 (no flowers). Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, near Ollachea, 2550 meters, Vargas 6936. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1100-1200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Klug 0.22, 3626. A widespread species extending from the West Indies (type)
and Guatemala to Panama, British Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.
Pleurothallis scabrata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 30, no. 176. Humboldtia scabrata O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
1859.
Plant large, up to over 91 cm. high, with a stout creeping rhizome which is conby evanescent sheaths. Stems more or less distant, monophyllous, about 30.5 cm. or less tall, provided with 2 or 3 evanescent, close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, sessile, elliptic-oblong, obtuse to rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, up to 19.7 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence commonly solitary, more or less erect, much surpassing the leaf, loosely many-flowered above, about 61 cm. or less tall. Flowers medium-sized, secund, maroon or brown-violet, bilabiate, with the segments little spreading. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, concave, narrowed to an obtuse tip, carinate, about 13 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a lanceolate lamina which is deeply concave, subequally long but broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals somewhat shorter than the sepals, narrowly lanceolate in outline, from an elliptic, subentire basal portion rather abruptly narrowed into a linear-triangular apical part which is scabrous and finely erose-denticulate on the margin. Lip about half as long as the petals, from a broad auriculate claw rather abruptly dilated into a suborbicular median portion, then abruptly contracted into an ovate-ligulate, acute, scabrous lobule, about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide in the middle; disc rather obscurely bilamellate near the middle. Column abbreviated
cealed
and
stout.
1, leaf and inflorescence; 9486). 2, flower, much enlarged. 3, lip and column from side, much enlarged (anther removed). 4, lip, much enlarged. 5-7, column much enlarged, to show the pulvinate foot, rostellum and stigmatic oriface under the rostellum (anther removed). 8, pollinia, much enlarged.
FIG. 63.
Pleurothallis ruscifolia
(Jacq.)
R. Br.
1.
Drawn from
a Jamaican plant (W. R.
Maxon
337
338
30
Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, Quebrada Chido, 2 miles southwest Pomocochas, about 2400 meters, common epiphyte in large clumps in mountain rain-forest, Hodge 6145. Bolivia (type), Ecuador (form with larger flowers and narrower sepals and petals).
of village of
The above
analysis,
diagnosis was amplified from a photograph with from the Lindley Herbarium.
floral
354. 1836; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 11, no. 49. 1859. scabrilinguis 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Pleurothallis scabrilinguis Lindl. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: Humboldtia
Plant small to medium-sized, caespitose. Stems crowded, slender, monophylup to 24.5 cm. high, provided with 2 close, tubular sheaths of which the upper one is separate and elongate. Leaf horizontally spreading, narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate to an obtuse, minutely tridenticulate apex, shallowly cordate at the sessile base, up to 10 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, 1 to several. Flowers small, bilabiate, dark purple. Dorsal sepal elliptic, concave, acute, about 7 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a broadly ovate, concave lamina which is slightly shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals markedly shorter than the sepals, linear-lanceolate, lightly falcate, serrulate. Lip prominently clawed, subequal to the petals; lamina broadly ovate or obovate, obtuse, retuse-sagittate at the base, verrucose, about 4.5 mm. long, with the midnerve thickened near the apex. Column abbreviated, stout.
lous,
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1904 (type).

of Quispicanchis,
Cuzco: Prov.
in
places,
open rocky Vargas 3124. The above diagnosis was compiled with the aid of a photograph of the type bearing a floral analysis, from the Lindley Herbarium.
Pleurothallis Schweinfurthii L. A. Garay, Orch. Journ.
no. 4: 188,
fig.
Hda. Ttio, Marcapata, 2000 meters,
3,
73. 1954.
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.
Pleurothallis lanceolata Lindl. var. gracilis Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 182. 1942, not
P. gracilis Barb. Rodr.

Plant slender, variable, up to 30 cm. tall. Rhizome abbreviated. Stems caescm. high, with a long, close, tubular, evanescent sheath below the middle. Leaf prominently petioled; lamina elliptic to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, up to 10.5 cm. long and 2.7 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2, commonly much surpassing the subtending leaf, up to 20.5 cm. long; basal spathe very conspicuous, laterally compressed, up to 5 cm. long; raceme loosely severalto many-flowered. Flowers rather large, with wide-spreading segments, greenish violet. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, gradually long-acuminate, up to 2.1 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, about as long as the dorsal sepal but twice as wide, entirely connate up to the apex. Petals linear-lanceolate from an ovate-triangular basal portion, aristate-acuminate, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip linearlanceolate, gradually long-acuminate, about as long as the petals, slightly concave at the base. Column minute, dilated at the base and apex.
pitose, 4.5-11

San Martin: Zepelacio, near epiphyte in forest, Klug 3563.
339
Moyobamba, 1200-1600
meters,
Pleurothallis secunda Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 49, Pleurothallis Lindenii Lindl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 397. 1843; Orch. Linden. 1, no. 2. 1846; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 7, Pleurothallis Lindenii Lindl. var. pumila Reichb. f. no. 28. 1859. Bonpl. 3: 72. 1855. Pleurothallis Lindenii Lindl. var. gigantea Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 240. 1855. Humboldtia Lindenii 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. Humboldtia secunda 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: pt. 2: 667. 1891. 668. 1891. Pleurothallis araguensis Ames, Sched. Orch. 1: 9. 1922.
t.
85. 1836.
Plant medium-sized to large, extremely variable throughout, with a more or conspicuous creeping rhizome. Stems commonly approximate, monophyllous, slender, about 7-34 cm. long, with 2-3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, elliptic or elliptic-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, commonly gradually narrowed to a sessile or shortly petioled base (rarely broadly cuneate at the base), 7.6-30 cm. long, up to 4.3 (rarely 7.6) cm. wide. Inflorescences usually 1 or 2 (rarely remnants of 7 peduncles appear), loosely racemose, more or less shorter than the leaf (rarely about equally long), few-flowered, commonly diffuse or nodding. Flowers medium-sized, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate to lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate (rarely obtuse), concave, up to 12 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a deeply concave, suborbicular-ovate (rarely lanceolate) lamina which is subequally long with the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals narrowly lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate (rarely triangular-lanceolate), more or less oblique, acuminate or long-acuminate, sometimes with a curved apical portion, shorter than or subequaling the dorsal sepal. Lip relatively minute, ovate or suborbicular-ovate from an abruptly reflexed base, deeply cordate below, often acute or apiculate at the commonly rounded apex, about 3.2 mm. or less long through the middle, with a pair of fleshy calli near the base. Column minute, stout, embraced by the basal
less
auricles of the lip.
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), on tree trunks, Poeppig 1746 (type of P. secunda; the lip was poorly drawn and described in the
Junin Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1800 meters, Schunke 1708. Pichis Trail, Porvenir, 1500-1900 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25932. Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1400-1700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 24858 (no petals or lip on the flower present). Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, 600-1200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Klug 0.13. Also Venezuela (type of P. Lindenii and P. araguensis), Colombia and
type diagnosis)
1303.
.
Same
locality,
Ecuador.
The
lie
correct identity of this species
was pointed out by Mr. Les-
A. Garay, of Toronto, Canada.
340
30
Pleurothallis secunda Poepp. & Endl. var. longiracema C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 17: 41. 1955. Pleurothallis Lindenii Lindl. var. longiracema C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 53. 1953.
Plant medium-sized, up to 39 cm. tall to the tip of the erect inflorescence. proliferating, the lower stems 9-21 cm. long. Leaves sessile or very short-petioled, ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminate, up to 11.5 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide. Inflorescences solitary, strict or nearly so unlike those of the type, loosely few- to several-flowered, up to 18 cm. long, arising from a rather prominent, conduplicate spathe up to 1.9 cm. long. Flowers bilabiate, rather similar to those of the type. Sepals similar to those of the species. Petals shorter than the sepals, oblong-linear, acute, lightly oblique. Lip much smaller than the other segments, suborbicular-ovate, lightly but distinctly 3-lobed, cordate at the base, acute in front, about 4 mm. long and broader near the base; lateral lobes obliquely ovate-rounded; mid-lobe larger, triangular-ovate. Column stout, minute.
Stems often
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Tuncapata, Sta. Rita, 2800 meters, epiphytic, Vargas 2663 (type). Near Tuncapata, 2600 meters, "laderas junto al camino entre herbaceas," Vargas 4098.
Pleurothallis serripetala Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl.
117: 23. 1916.
lous,
Rhizome abbreviated, stout. Plant large. Stems stout, caespitose, monophylup to 52 cm. tall, mostly concealed by several close, tubular, evanescent
sheaths, those near the base being densely hairy. Leaf erect, oblong-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic-oblong or elliptic, obtuse or subacute, cuneate at the sessile
base, 13.5-25 cm. long,
up to 5 cm. wide, thickly coriaceous. Inflorescences abbre-
viated, several, fascicled, 1-flowered, with fusco-pilose plurisulcate ovary and scarious bracts. Flowers rather large, brown, successive, 2 cm. or more long. Dorsal
sepal oblong-lanceolate, 1.9-2.2 cm. long, acuminate, velvety within, densely shortpubescent without. Lateral sepals similar, about as long as the dorsal sepal but
oblique, connate through the basal third. Petals much smaller, about one third to one half as long as the sepals, rhombic-oblanceolate in outline, abruptly contracted above the middle into a nearly caudiform apex, with the margins of the middle portion dentate-erose. Lip subequaling the petals, arcuaterecurved, short-clawed, from a hastate base triangular and narrowed to an obtuse, fleshy tip, entire but with the lower margins lacerate-dentate, about 7-9 mm. long. Column slender, arcuate, about as long as the petals and lip.
somewhat broader,
Apurimac: Prov. of Andahuaylas, Posocoi Ravine, 2700 meters, on rocks, Vargas 8790. Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, between Lamai and Calca, 1950 meters, on rocks, Vargas 3196. Valle del Urubamba, Ollantaitambo, 3000Ollantaitambo, 2800 meters, Herrera 34843100 meters, terrestrial on rocky slope, Pennell 13641 (flowers poor). Junin Prov. of Huancayo, valley-system of Pariahuanca, between Panti and Rocchac, 2400-2600 meters, in sclerophyllous vegetation consisting of trees and shrubs, Weberbauer 6538 (type).
:
341
Cie"nc.
Pleurothallis simplicilabia C. Schweinf. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Exact. Fisic. y Natur. 5, no. 19: 350. 1943.
Plant rather large, epiphytic. Rhizome not present in the type. Secondary stem (in our specimen) strongly arcuate from a decumbent base, monophyllous, about 17.5 cm. long, provided below the middle with a long, close, tubular sheath. Leaf obscurely petioled, elliptic-oblong, broadly rounded at the apex, broadly cuneate at the base, 10.3 cm. long, nearly 4 cm. wide. Racemes numerous (about 13), much surpassing the leaf, up to 26.5 cm. long, floriferous nearly to the base, densely many-flowered above. Flowers small for the genus, yellow, campanulate, membraSepals more or less connate at the base. Dorsal sepal deeply concave, oblong-ovate when expanded, acute and mucronate, about 4.8 mm. long, irregularly fimbriate. Lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, more or less connate below, about equally long with the dorsal sepal but narrower, irregularly fimbriate.
naceous.
Petals obliquely lanceolate-oblong, broadly rounded at the apex, about two thirds
as long as the sepals and narrower. Lip smaller than the petals, concave-conduplicate in natural position, suborbicular-cordate when expanded, rounded at the apex,
about 2 mm. long and broad near the base; disc with a fleshy semiorbicular callus on each side near the middle. Column smaller than the lip, dilated toward the base.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convencion, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphytic in dense forest, Vargas 2543.
Pleurothallis Smithiana Lindl. Bot. Reg. 29, Misc. 57, no. 79. 1843; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 23, no. 133. 1859; Cogn. Martius Fl. Humboldtia Smithiana Bras. 3, pt. 4: 532, t. 107, fig. 1. 1896.
0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant rather small to medium-sized, up to 26 cm. or more high, variable, with a creeping rhizome. Stems rather distant or subcaespitose, usually slender, monophyllous, 4.6-18 cm. or more tall, provided with 2-4 evanescent, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly oblong to elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, 4.5-10 cm. long, 1-2.4 cm. wide, obtuse, rounded at the sessile base, thickly coriaceous. Inflorescences commonly 1 or 2 (occasionally 4 peduncles are present), racemose, about half as long as the leaf or more, rather densely few-flowered, with the peduncle and rachis up to 5 cm. long. Flowers rather small, bilabiate, densely pubescent withDorsal out, greenish, white or yellowish lined with lavender or reddish brown. sepal oblong, abruptly obtuse to acute, thickened near the apex, up to 9.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an elliptic-ovate, sharply bidentate lamina which Petals less than half is slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal but twice as broad. as long as the lateral sepals, spatulate, from a slender claw-like base abruptly dilated, subacute to obtuse, with the anterior portion denticulate above. Lip some-
what longer than the petals, oblong-rhombic, cuneate-unguiculate, up to 4.3 mm. long; lamina fleshy, elliptic-ovate in outline, rounded and denticulate at the apex, with a pair of minute, ovate-triangular, erect lobules near the base, bicallose in the
middle.
Column about equaling
the petals, clavate, minutely denticulate above,
about 3.3
mm.
or less long.
:
San Martin San Roque, 1350-1500 meters,

trunk of petrified and Paraguay.
tree,
Williams 7259.
in forest, epiphytic on Also Venezuela, Brazil (type)
342
30
Pleurothallis spathata Schltr. Fedde Repert. 27: 54. 1929.

Plant medium-sized, 18-29 cm. high. Rhizome abbreviated or shortly creeping. Stems caespitose, slender, 5-16 cm. long, 1-leaved at the apex, provided with 2-3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, shortly but distinctly petioled;
lamina elliptic-lanceolate to narrowly-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate below, 7-11 cm. long, 1.1-3.2 cm. wide; petiole up to 1 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary (rarely 2 or 3), lax to flexuous, subequaling or exceeding the leaf, loosely several- to many-flowered, up to 17 cm. long, subtended by a conspicuous conduplicate spathe 1.7-5 cm. long. Flowers rather small, violet or pale greenish brown with red or violet dots, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate, 8-10 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an elliptic-ovate or "oblong," concave lamina which is slightly shorter but about twice as broad as the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely linear-lanceolate, gently decurved, acuminate, slightly shorter than the sepals, finely pubescent on the back
and on the margins. Lip ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, more or less rhombic-dilated below the middle, 5.9-6.8 mm. long, up to 3.2 mm. wide below.
Column minute,
arcuate, about 2
mm.
high.
forest,
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1900 meters, on tree in low Woytkowski 35356. Bolivia (type).
Pleurothallis spathulifolia C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 188, t. 22, figs. 1-4. 1942. Figure 64.
Plant dwarf, with a shortly creeping rhizome. Stems minute, 3-4 mm. long, monophyllous, enclosed by 1-3 loose, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, spatulate, rounded above, with a minutely tridenticulate tip, gradually tapering to a subpetioled base, up to 1.6 cm. long and 6 mm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2,
exceeding the leaves, racemose above, loosely few- (up to 11-) Flowers small, membranaceous. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or ellipticlanceolate, acute, concave, about 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate almost to the middle, forming an elliptic-ovate lamina with the apices acute, about as long
capillary,
much
flowered.
elliptic-lanceolate, acute.
broader. Petals shorter than the sepals, obliquely Lip ovate-oblong, slightly contracted on each side above the middle, broadly rounded at the apex which is denticulate, subtruncate below, with an inverted V-shaped callus near the base, about 1.8 mm. long. Column nearly as long as the lip, broadly winged, with a 3-lobed, denticulate apex, about
as the dorsal sepal but
1.4
much
mm.
long.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, epiphyte in open woods, Killip & Smith 23159.
FIG. 64.
Pleurothallis spathulifolia C. Schweinf.
1,
plant;
side;
IJ^-
2, flower
from above; X 20. P. caudatipetala C. Schweinf. 5, plant; X 2J^. 6, flower from above, expanded; X 5. 7, lip from above, expanded; X 20. 8, column and lip
5.
3,
column and
lip
from
10.
4, lip
from
side;
10.
343
344
30
Pleurothallis spiralis (Ruiz & Pav.) Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. Humboldtia spiralis Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. (1830) 7.
et Chil. 1: 237. 1798.
Stelis spiralis Pers.
Syn. PI. 2: 524. 1807.
Plant small, funiform, with a long creeping rhizome. Stems very short, conby sheaths, apparently appressed to the rhizome, unifoliate. Leaf ellipticoblong, more or less acute, up to 3 cm. long and 1 cm. wide when expanded. Inflorescence loosely few-flowered, longer than the leaf. Flowers large for the plant, apparently about 1 cm. long. Sepals broadly ovate, subobtuse, the lateral ones connate into a cymbiform lamina. Petals minute, cuneate, truncate and thickened at the apex. Lip similar to the petals, triquetrous.
cealed
This
Huanuco: Huassa-huassi, in rocky places, Pavon s.n. is an obscure species; judged from the photograph
of
Hum-
boldtia spiralis in the
Ames Herbarium,
it
appears to be allied to
Pleurothallis macrorhiza Lindl.
Pleurothallis stenopetala Lodd. ex Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24, Misc. Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 552, t. 91, fig. 2. 1896. Humboldtia stenopetala 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
95, no. 182. 1838; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 33, no. 200. 1859;
Plant variable, medium-sized to rather large, with a commonly abbreviated Stems approximate, monophyllous, 3.5-13.8 cm. high, provided with 2-3 Leaf close, tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost is the longest. erect, petioled; lamina elliptic to elliptic-oblong or elliptic-obovate, obtuse to broadly rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, 3.6-9.6 cm. long, up to 3.2 cm. wide; petiole up to 1.8 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary (rarely 2 or 3), commonly about twice as long as the leaf or more, erect to lax, up to 26.5 cm. long, racemose above, subdensely many-flowered. Flowers medium-sized, greenish white, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, gradually narrowed from a lanceolate, concave base, pubescent within, 7-21 mm. long. Lateral sepals simPetals three to many times shorter than ilar, entirely free, with an oblique base. the sepals, obliquely oblong, often slightly dilated above the middle, with a rounded apex and a fleshy-thickened mid-nerve forming an apicule. Lip about as long as the petals, recurved with the lower part conduplicate in natural position, ovate or rhombic-ovate in outline, sometimes lightly 3-lobed when expanded, rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, the flat anterior portion papillose and with irregular margins, about 2.2-3.3 mm. long. Column subequaling the petals, clavate, terminating in a prominent, triangular, concave wing.
rhizome.
Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke s.n. (Herb. Nat. Hist. Mus. 571660). A variable species extending Chicago throughout northern South America to Bolivia, the type being from
Junin:
Brazil.
Pleurothallis syringifolia Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl.

117: 22. 1916.

Plant small to medium-sized, caespitose.
345
Stems approximate, numerous, mon-
ophyllous, up to 18 cm. long, spreading, provided with 2 tubular, distant, evanescent sheaths. Leaf horizontally spreading, broadly ovate, deeply cordate at the base, acute or abruptly acuminate, up to 9 cm. long including the basal auricles
and
5 cm. wide.
Inflorescences fascicled, 1-flowered, abbreviated, numerous, with
Flowers very small, bilabiate, pale green spotted with brown. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate ("broadly oblong"), concave, subacute, up to 4.1 mm. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, deeply concave, bidentate long. lamina which is about as long as the dorsal sepal but twice as wide. Petals narrowly triangular-lanceolate or linear-triangular, a little shorter than the sepals, long-narrowed above to a subacute tip. Lip elliptic-oblong, cymbiform, acute or acuminate, with the lateral margins incurved and fleshy-thickened, a little shorter
slender peduncles.
than the petals, about 3
mm.
long.
Column minute,
stout.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Jan, on the eastern slope of the Cordillera above Tabaconas (5 10 '-5 20' S. Br.), 2400 meters, in sclerophyllous vegetation consisting of shrubs and scattering saplings, Weberbauer 6302.
specimen bearing the type number has been examined.
Pleurothallis Talpinaria Reichb. f. Flora 69: 554. 1886; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 189. 1942. Talpinaria bivalvis Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 153, t. 76. 1859, not Pleurothallis
FIG. 65. Pleurothallis Talpinaria Reichb. Lip from above, natural position; X 10.
f.
Lip and column from
side;
10.
bivalvis
Lindl.
Pleurothallis
trimeroglossa Schltr.
Fedde Repert.
t.
Beih. 9: 78. 1921; Mansf. 1929. Figure 65.

ated.
Fedde Repert. Bern. 57:
115, nr. 452.
Plant small to medium-sized, epiphytic, up to 21 cm. high. Rhizome abbreviStems approximate, numerous, monophyllous, erect or spreading, provided with 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths, up to 12 cm. long. Leaf erect, petioled; lamina oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute to obtuse, cuneate at the base, 5-10 cm. long, up to 2 cm. wide; petiole short, up to 1.5 cm. long. Inflorescences abbrevi-
346
30
ated, 1-flowered, fascicled, 1 to several, in the axil of a conspicuous, conduplicate spathe about 1.5 cm. or more long. Flowers medium-sized, bilabiate, reddish. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acute, concave, about 13 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into an elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse or bidentate, deeply concave lamina which is about as long as the dorsal sepal and slightly wider. Petals linear or elliptic-linear, subacute, about half as long as the sepals or nearly as long. Lip shorter than the sepals, about 8 mm. long including the short fleshy claw, complicated in structure; basal half with a high, semiorbicular, flattened, pubescent keel enclosed by a pair of erect, conduplicate, semiorbicular-lunate lobes which are long-fimbriate on the recurved lower margin; anterior half gently recurved, oblong-elliptic, flabellate when expanded, prominently 3-toothed in front (the middle tooth much shorter), with conspicuous nerves extending to the apex of the teeth. Column slender, arcuate, dilated at the apex, about 5.2 mm. long, with a short, stout foot.
Junin Prov. of Huancayo, Valley of Pariahuanca, between Panti and Rocchac, 2400 meters, Weberbauer 6541 (type of Pleurothallis trimeroglossa). Also Colombia and Venezuela (Talpinaria bivalvis).
:
Two
isotype collections of P. trimeroglossa have been examined.
Bot.
Pleurothallis tentaculata (Poepp. & Endl.) Lindl. Hook. Comp. Mag. 2: 354. 1836; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 20, no. 108. 1859;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 444. 1896. Restrepia tentaculata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 34, t. 59. 1836. Humboldtia tentaculata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant large, caespitose. Stems stout, monophyllous, 17-30 cm. high, provided with 2 long, close, evanescent, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, lanceolate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, rounded or obtusely acute at the apex, cuneate at the sessile base, 15-20.4 cm. long, up to 3 cm. wide. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, 2-4 (rarely 1), with long slender peduncles up to 3.5 cm. long, issuing from a conduplicate spathe up to 2.5 cm. long. Flowers large, bilabiate, with spreading white Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, acute, 2.5-3 cm. long. Lateral sepals ensepals. tirely connate into a broadly lanceolate, bidentate lamina which is a little longer and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals filiform from a lightly triangular-dilated base, about as long as the lateral sepals, purple. Lip distinctly 3-lobed near the shortly unguiculate base, dark purple, somewhat longer than the dorsal sepal, 3-3.5 cm. long; lateral lobes minute, auriculiform, transversely reniform, erect; mid-lobe elongate, filiform. Column stout, abbreviated, 5-6 mm. long, with a
relatively elongate, 5-dentate wing.
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig s.n.
Pleurothallis tenuifolia C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 102, t. 33. 1951. Figure 66.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, epiphytic, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems approximate, numerous, monophyllous, up to 13.5 cm. tall, provided with 3 close,
PLEURQTHALLIS
tenuifolia
C, SclwOerrvf,
FIG. 66.
front;
3.
Pleurothallis lenuifolia C. Schweinf. 3. 3, lateral sepal and column;
1,
plant;
X K-
2,
petal from
3. 5, lip,
expanded;
4.
6, lip
from
side, natural
4, dorsal sepal; 4. position;
347
348
FIELDI AN A: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost is longest and separate. Leaf erect or nearly so, linear, abruptly obtuse to rounded at the apex, gradually narrowed below to an indistinct petiole, 7.5-12 cm. long, up to 1 cm. wide, generally
with revolute margins in the dried specimen, thick in texture.
Inflorescences usu-
ally solitary (rarely 2 peduncles are present), shorter than or exceeding the leaf, loosely many-flowered nearly to the base, erect to arcuate or flexuous, about 17 cm. or less long. Flowers yellow with a white column. Sepals free or nearly so, re-
curved-spreading above, finely pubescent within on the upper part.
linear-lanceolate, long-narrowed above, concave below, about 13 mm. long. eral sepals obliquely linear-triangular or linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
Dorsal sepal Latabout
as long as the dorsal sepal

sepals,
and
slightly wider.
Petals less than half as long as the
narrowly cuneate-oblong, rounded at the cucullate apex. Lip gently recurved in natural position, narrowly obovate-oblong when expanded, obscurely constricted on each side, gradually narrowed below, broadly rounded at the apex, up to 5.9 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, with 2 short parallel keels near the middle. Column small, lightly arcuate, the dilated apex 3-lobed, about 3.9 mm. long, extended into a conspicuous foot.
Agua Dulce, 2000
meters, on tree in low
highland forest, Woytkowski 35482.
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Pleurothallis tenuifolia C. Schweinf. var. longisepala Mus. Lean Harvard Univ. 16: 55. 1953.
1 .
Plant medium-sized, caespitose. Stems approximate, numerous, very slender, monophyllous, up to 11 cm. long, provided with 2 or 3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect or spreading, narrowly linear, abruptly obtuse to subacute, gradually narrowed below to a subpetioled base, up to 13.5 cm. long and 5 mm. wide, with the margins conspicuously revolute. Inflorescence commonly solitary (sometimes remnants of 4 peduncles present), lax or nodding, loosely several- to many-flowered almost to the base, much shorter than the leaf, about 9 cm. or less Flowers yellowish white. Sepals free, spreading above, finely papillose long. within, longer than in the type. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-linear, about 20 mm. long. Lateral sepals very similar, lightly oblique. Petals about a fifth as long as the sepals, cuneate-oblong, subacute. Lip oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse, about 5 mm. long and 1.8 mm. wide above, lightly bicarinate near the middle. Column very small, shorter than the petals, wing-dilated above with a denticulate apex, about 3 mm. high.
Huanuco: Prov. Asplund 13697.
of Pachitea,
above La Molina, near Panao,
Pleurothallis tenuis C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 190, t. 18, figs. 8-14. 1942. Figure 56.
Plant small, caespitose, about 6 cm. tall. Stems spreading, short, simple, up to 3 cm. long, monophyllous, entirely concealed by several (up to 5) lepanthiform sheaths with spreading hispidulous mouth. Leaf erect, elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
subacute to rounded at the apex, broadly cuneate below with a very short petiole, up to 2.7 cm. long and 9 mm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2, racemose, much surpassing the leaf, capillary, loosely few- (up to 10-) flowered, arcuate, about 5 cm. or

less long.
349
Flowers small but large for the plant. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, concave below, rather abruptly long-acuminate or caudate above, about 7 mm. long and 2.3 mm. wide below. Lateral sepals triangular-linear or lanceolate-linear, grad-
ually long-attenuate, free nearly to the base, slightly longer and much narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals about half as long as the sepals, very obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate. Lip lanceolate, obtuse at the recurved apex,
cuneate at the base, with incurved, indistinct, broadly rounded lobules near the base, about 3.5 mm. long and 1.7 mm. wide below the middle. Column slender, more than half as long as the petals, slightly arcuate, about 2 mm. long.
err era 2157 (Bues coll.) (type). Cuzco: Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 22539. (This latter collection, which consists of advanced plants, shows one stem about 4 cm. long, one leaf about 3.5 cm. long and one raceme about 8 cm. long bearing
18 flowers.)
23. 1922;
Pleurothallis trachychlamys Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 17: Ames, Sched. Orch. 7: 31, t. 19, figs. 1-3. 1924.
Stems
short, slender,
Plant small, slender, with a long, creeping rhizome.
commonly subremote, monophyllous, 2.2-6 cm. long (perhaps longer), more or less ascending from a decumbent base, entirely concealed by 3-5 tubular, close,
retrorse-hispidulous sheaths. Leaf erect, linear, lanceolate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, obtuse to subacute, cuneate at the sessile base, 5-7.5 cm. long, up to 1.1 cm.
Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, apparently 1-3. Flowers small, white or greenish-yellow, with recurved-spreading segments. Dorsal sepal ovateoblong ("lanceolate"), acute to subacute, concave, 2.7-5 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, oblique, acute. Petals nearly as long as the sepals, lanceolate-oblong from an abruptly dilated basal portion, subacute to obtuse. Lip about half as long as the sepals, oblong-elliptic in outline, with a pair of horizontally spreading, triangular teeth or lobules at about the middle, abruptly
wide.
acute at the broad apex, about 1.8-2 above with a sharp tooth on each side.
mm.
long.
Column minute,
wing-dilated
Loreto: Puerto Arturo, lower Rio Huallaga below Yurimaguas, about 135 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 27889. Also Panama (type) and perhaps Costa Rica (sterile plants only).
Pleurothallis trachysepala Kranzl. Fedde Repert.

tall,
178. 1905.
Plant large, caespitose. Stems approximate, slender, monophyllous, 40-45 cm. provided with 2 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, ovate or oblong-ovate, abruptly acute or acuminate, deeply cordate at the base, 12-18 cm. long including the basal auricles, up to 8 cm. wide. Inflorescences abbreviated, several, racemose and few-flowered (perhaps 1-flowered). Flowers small, bilabiate,
1
1 This diagnosis was necessarily drawn from the description, amplified by a photograph of the type collection. Although the inflorescences were described as racemose and few-flowered, suspicion points to the 1-flowered group of which
P. cordata (Ruiz
&
Pav.) Lindl. bears the closest similarity.
350
30
red-brown. Dorsal sepal "oblong," obtuse, about 7 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate-oblong, deeply concave lamina which is biapiculate at the apex, about as long as the dorsal sepal but nearly twice as wide. Petals a little shorter than the sepals, linear-lanceolate from a somewhat broader base, acuminate, fimbriate. Lip short-unguiculate, about half as long as the sepals; lamina broadly cordate-ovate, shortly acute, serrate toward the apex, angled on each side at the base. Column short, stout.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Hualgayoc, near Chugur northwest of Hualgayoc, 2700-3000 meters, epiphyte in dense moist woods mixed with shrubs, Weberbauer 4095.
Pleurothallis trialata Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 500, 100, fig. 2. 1896. Lepanthes tricarinata Barb. Rodr. Gen. & Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 43. 1882, not Pleurothallis tricarinata Poepp. & Endl.
t.
Plant small, up to 15 cm. tall, from a slender, creeping rhizome. Stems approximate to subremote, very short, decumbent below, monophyllous, up to 2 cm. long, concealed by 2 tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, subacute to obtuse, gradually long-narrowed below to a petiole-like base, up to 14.5 cm. long, 8-16 mm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, diffuse or nodding, very loosely 1- to 6-flowered, arising from the stem below the leaf-joint, shorter than to slightly exceeding the leaf, rarely up to 14 cm. long. Flower mediumsized, greenish yellow, with the ovary and sepals prominently wing-carinate. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, gradually narrowed into a caudate termination, navicular, 10-13 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal, connate to about the middle or above. Petals almost a half to a third as long as the sepals, oblanceolate-oblong or oblong-spatulate, sharply acute to subacute. long-lanceolate, with the sides just below the middle erect
Lip lanceolate or ob-
and forming a pair

about 4.2-6
of
indistinct lobules, obtuse to acute, a little longer than the petals, long. Column shorter than the petals, stout, clavate.
mm.
Huanuco: Mufia, about 2100 meters, in rock crevices in dry woods, Macbride 4088. Junin Colonia Perene, about 680 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25092. Brazil (type).
:
Pleurothallis tricarinata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 49, t. 87. 1836; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 28, no. 166. 1859; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 544. 1896. Humboldtia tricarinata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant medium-sized, with a creeping rhizome. Stems approximate, more or complanate above, monophyllous, up to 8 cm. high, provided below with 2 or 3 tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect or spreading, oval to elliptic-oblong or oblong, 4.5-9 cm. long, up to 2.5 cm. wide, subacute to obtuse, cuneate to subrounded at the sessile base. Inflorescences commonly solitary (rarely 3 fascicled peduncles are present), more or less surpassing the leaf, up to 18 cm. long, densely or rather densely racemose above, several- to many-flowered. Floral bracts conspicuous, dorsally carinate. Flowers medium-sized, erect-spreading, yellow, with the ovary and sepals prominently wing-carinate. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceoless

late,
351
long-acuminate, navicular, 10-12 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a narrowly lanceolate, acute or minutely bidentate lamina which is about as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, sometimes slightly pandurate, sharply acute, lightly oblique, about a third as long as the sepals or more. Lip oblong or ovate-oblong with the lower sides erect, bicarinate near the middle margins, rounded to acute at the apex, about 5-6 mm. long. Column about equaling the petals and a little shorter than the lip, terminating in a rounded, cucullate,
denticulate wing.
3403.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, 2500 meters, rare on rocks, Vargas Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), on trees, Poeppig 1733 Junin: Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1300-1700 (type). meters, in dense forest, Schunke A 56. Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke L. Same locality, 1600 meters, Schunke 1091,
Also Bolivia and Brazil.
1185.
Pleurothallis tridentata Kl. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 289. 1840; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 11, no. 50. 1859; Kranzl. Xen. Orch. 3: 168, t. 298, fig. II, 8-12. 1900. Humboldtia tridentata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen.
PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant small, caespitose, variable. Stems filiform, up to 11.5 cm. high, monophyllous, provided with 2 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf ovate to ovatelanceolate, erect to horizontally spreading, more or less abruptly narrowed to a minutely tridenticulate apex, shallowly cordate at the base, up to 6.2 cm. long and
1.9
cm. wide.
bilabiate, yellowish green.
Inflorescences abbreviated, 1 -flowered several. Flowers very small, Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate to elliptic-obovate, subacute
or obtuse, concave, 3-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a suborbicular-ovate, deeply concave lamina which is about as long as the dorsal sepal but a little wider. Petals linear or oblanceolate-linear, acute, much shorter than the sepals. Lip ovate or broadly ovate in outline, concave with upcurved sides at the
base, callose-thickened in the middle, sometimes lightly retuse at the apex, with the central vein clavate near the front, short-unguiculate, about as long as the petals, up to 3.8 mm. long. Column minute, stout.
Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, epiphyte on gravelly bank of Rio Huallaga, Asplund 12347. Junin: Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1400-1700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Kil(The first collection cited presents but lip & Smith 24860, 24874. one poor flower, but it appears to be the same as the latter one.) Venezuela (type).
Pleurothallis trilineata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 29, no. 171. 1859. Humboldtia trilineata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant medium-sized to large, up to 42 cm. high. Stems approximate, stout, sometimes superposed, monophyllous, provided with 2 or 3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths, 7-24 cm. long. Leaf erect, narrowly oblanceolate-oblong to linearoblong (rarely elliptic-oblong), obtuse (and apiculate) to rounded at the apex,
352
30
cuneate at the base with a more or less distinct short petiole, up to 15 cm. long 1.6 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2, commonly more or less surpassing the leaf, up to 19.5 cm. long, racemose, densely many-flowered nearly to the base, with a stout rachis. Flowers small, campanulate, yellow. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, concave, subacute, puberulent within toward the margins, up to 7 mm. long, lightly carinate below. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong, more or less connate below, distinctly carinate, subequally long with the dorsal sepal but narrower. Petals about half as long as the sepals, obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, distinctly 3-nerved. Lip minute, rhombic or rhombic-ovate in outline, 3-lobed in the middle with erect semiobovate lateral lobes which are callose in front, obtuse, cuneate at the base, traversed by 3 dark lines, about 2.1 mm. long. Column minute, cucullate above, about half as long as the petals.
and
Peru: Habitat not recorded, ex Hooker (type). Ancash: Prov. of Bolognesi, Chupa, stone slope of mountain near Aquia, 3200-3250 meters, Ferreyra 7537. Apurimac: Prov. of Abancay, Cachora, Rosa-
Huanuco: Mito, about spata, 2800 meters, on rocks, Vargas 9106. 2760 meters, on ledges of shrubby hillsides, Macbride 3285. Junin:
Pasco, Salcachupan y Cerro de Pasco, 3500 meters, mountain slope, Ferreyra 6608.
in
low forest on
Pleurothallis Trulla Reichb.
f.
&
Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 31, no. 187. 1859. 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 114. 1854; Humboldtia trulla
Plant apparently large. Stem stout, obtusely four-angled in section, monophyllous, (incomplete in the type). Leaf elliptic-oblong, 7.6-12.8 cm. long, up to 3.9 cm. wide, acute, cuneate at the sessile base. Inflorescences 2-3, much surpassing the leaf, up to 22 cm. long, racemose above the middle, loosely up to 13-flow-
Flowers small, nodding, secund. Perianth little open, bilabiate, membranaDorsal sepal oblong, acute, concave, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate-oblong, bidentate lamina which is deeply concave at the base where it forms a prominent mentum, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals spatulate-oblanceolate or cuneate-oblong, commonly broadly rounded at the apex, markedly shorter than the sepals. Lip shorter than the petals, recurved, from a long, slender claw abruptly dilated into a suborbicular-ovate lamina which is cordate at the base, obtuse or abruptly acute or apiculate; disc provided with a high
ered.
ceous.
intramarginal keel on each side. Column slender, cucullate at the apex, about half as long as the petals, provided with a conspicuous foot.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz
s.n.
In the
Ames Herbarium
lately
floral analysis,
I
there is a drawing of from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
this species with
have
had the opportunity
of seeing the type specimen.
Pleurothallis tunguraguae Lehm.

26: 439. 1899.
&
Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb.

Plant large, with an abbreviated rhizome, about 49 cm. or
less tall.
353
Stems
slender, approximate, with 2 or 3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths, up to 30 cm. Leaf erect or nearly so, distinctly petioled; lamina elliptictall, monophyllous. slender, 2-3 cm. long.
oblong, acute or obtuse, cuneate below, up to 16 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide; petiole Inflorescences 1-5, more or less shorter than the leaf, sub-
up
densely many-flowered to the base, enclosed at the base by a conduplicate spathe to 1.5 cm. long. Flowers small, campanulate, white or yellowish white. Sepals ciliolate. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, up to 5.5 mm. long.
Lateral sepals narrowly triangular-lanceolate, carinate, slightly longer and much narrower than the dorsal sepal, connate below the middle. Petals linear-lanceolate
or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly exceeding half of the sepals. Lip minute, sigmoid when viewed from the side, abruptly 3-lobed near the middle, shortly and abruptly clawed, rhombic when expanded, 1.8-2.1 mm. long and some-
what narrower when spread out; lateral lobes obliquely and broadly obtriangular, upcurved; mid-lobe subequal or larger, ovate, acute, thickened in the middle. Column abbreviated, stout, shorter than the lip.
Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, on ridges above Quebrada Santa Rosa, across the northeast end of Lake Pomocochas, 2430 meters, epiphyte in mountain rain-forest, Hodge 6154- Ecuador (type).
I
have examined isotype material
of this species.
Pleurothallis undulata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 48. 1836; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 10, no. 46. 1859; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 452. 1896. Humboldtia undulata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant rather large, with a creeping, twisted, many-jointed rhizome.
Stems
caespitose, numerous, slender, monophyllous, 9-18 cm. tall, erect, provided with 2 long-tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf ovate-lanceolate, rather long-acuminate,
sessile base, 6-9.5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, horizontally Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, few. Flowers small, yellow, membranaceous, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal triangular-lanceolate or oblong-lanceo-
deeply cordate at the
spreading.
8-9 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a similar but broader, concave lamina. Petals subulate, very acute, finely puberulent, about half as long as the sepals. Lip a little shorter than the petals, very shortly and narrowly clawed, oblong, obtuse or acute, lightly sagittate at the base, fleshy, finely
late, acute,
papillose
on the margin, a
stout.
little
shorter than the petals, about 3.5
mm.
long.
Column minute,
on
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cochero) trees, Poeppig 1431 (type). Also Venezuela and Brazil.
Pleurothallis vagina ta Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 19: 197. 1923; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 4: 98. 1937.
Pleurothallis umbraticola Schltr.
Fedde Repert. 27:
56. 1929.
Plant medium-sized to large, variable, up to 44 cm. high, with a stout creeping rhizome (often not evident in the dried specimen). Stems monophyllous, up to
30 cm. high, provided near the base with 1-3 short, tubular sheaths and near the
354
30
middle or above with a conspicuous, loose, tubular-infundibuliform, membranaceous sheath. Leaf erect, shortly petioled; lamina broadly ovate to elliptic or oval (rarely oblong-ovate), acute or acuminate, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, 6-17 cm. long including the short petiole, 2.7-9 cm. wide. Inflorescences short, racemose, 1 to numerous, about half as long as the leaf or less, loosely or subdensely several- (up to 10-) flowered. Flowers small, urceolate, green to yellow, maroon or green and violet. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblanceolate to elliptic-obovate (rarely oblong-lanceolate), obtuse to acute, concave below, usually flat and recurved above, pubescent Vithin on the anterior half, up to 9 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, subacute or acute, more or less connate (to the middle or above), pubescent within, forming a prominent mentum with the column-foot, a little smaller than the dorsal sepal. Petals about half as long as the sepals, obliquely cuneate-spatulate, more or less acute at the subtruncate or broadly rounded apex. Lip arcuate with erect sides and subequaling the petals in natural position, obovate in outline when expanded, about 4 mm. or less long; lower part subquadrate, like a claw; anterior part ovate, obtuse, with a pair of
intramarginal keels. Column small, subequaling the petals, wing-dilated above, with a trilobulate denticulate apex, extended into a conspicuous foot.
Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, 6001200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Klug 0.7. Also in Costa Rica (type of P. vaginata), Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Venezuela, British Guiana, Colombia and Bolivia (type of P. umbraticola)
.
Pleurothallis Vargasii C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 192, t. 23. 1942. Figure 67.
Plant large and robust, probably caespitose (lower portion incomplete in our specimens). Stems stout, monophyllous, up to over 19 cm. tall, provided with 2 or 3 loose, tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is largest, separate and prominent. Leaf erect, oblong-elliptic to oval or obovate-elliptic, rounded, obtuse or retuse at the apex, cuneate at the sessile, scarcely petioled base, 11.4-22.3 cm. long, up to 8.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences 4-7, erect or nearly so, shorter than to slightly
leaf, densely many-flowered nearly to the base, subtended by a large conduplicate spathe up to 4 cm. long. Flowers small, campanulate, white, subDorsal sepal ovate-oblong, rounded and apiculate above, concave, finely fleshy. pubescent within, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, acute, connate near the base, finely pubescent within, slightly shorter and much narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals about half as long as the sepals, ellipticobovate, rounded at the apex. Lip smaller than the petals, oval-ovate in outline when expanded, broadly rounded at the apex, with a pair of incurved semiobovate lobules in the middle, about 3.7 mm. long. Column minute, stout, dilated below.
surpassing the
Apurimac: Prov. of Abancay, "bosques
altos de
meters, epiphyte and also on the ground, Vargas 1075 (type). locality, woods in shade, 3550 meters, Vargas 2049.
Ampay," 3700 Same
Pleurothallis velaticaulis Reichb. f. Linnaea 22: 824. 1849. Humboldtia velaticaulis 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. Pt. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Pleurothallis Pittieri Schltr.
Fedde Repert.
3: 247. 1907.
FIG. 67.
Pleurothallis Vargasii C. Schweinf.
1,
plant;
X A1
flower and
ovary from
5,
side;
5.
X
6,
5.
3,
column and
lip
petal;
dorsal sepal;
5.
5. side; 7, lateral sepals,
from
from above; expanded; X 5.

4, lip
5.
355
356
30
Plant extremely variable, small to large. Rhizome abbreviated. Stems approximate, slender to stout, often superposed and proliferating, monophyllous, up to 41 cm. tall, provided with 2 to 3 tubular, evanescent, loose sheaths of which the
uppermost
is largest and usually prominent. Leaf erect or spreading, gradually tapering into a distinct petiole, rarely subsessile; lamina elliptic-oblong or lanceolate-elliptic to oval, 4-30 cm. long, 1-9.7 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded at the apex,
cuneate at the base; petiole almost wanting to 7 cm. long, channelled. Inflorescences 1-numerous, suberect to diffuse or nodding, much shorter than to surpassing the leaf, up to 20 cm. long, rather densely many-flowered, with the rachis com-
Flowers small, campanulate, greenish (sometimes with maroon yellow to brownish yellow or yellow-orange. Dorsal sepal ovate, or oblong-ovate to lanceolate, acute, concave, more or less minutely pubescent within, Lateral sepals obliquely oblonglightly carinate, 3.1-5.4 (rarely 7) mm. long.
monly
slender.
stripes), dull
lanceolate, acute, often connate to about the middle, navicular, carinate, minutely pubescent within, subequally long but much narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals
much
smaller than the sepals, oblong-obovate to oblong-spatulate or oblong, rounded to rarely subacute at the apex, 1-nerved. Lip shorter than the petals, 3-lobed near the middle with erect-incurved lateral lobes, broadly rounded to
acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, with a more or less conspicuous transverse ridge in front of the concave base, up to 2 mm. long and wide when expanded;
lateral lobes semiobovate, lightly emarginate, terminating in front within the anterior portion; late wing.
mid-lobe ovate to semiorbicular.
Column minute, with a
cucul-
Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, northeast of Pomocochas, on ridge above Quebrada Santa Rosa, 2400 meters, epiphyte in mountain rainforest, Hodge 6153. Apurimac: Prov. of Abancay, Cachora, Rosa2800 meters, on rocks, Vargas 9106. Prov. of Andahuaylas, spata, quebrada north of Chincheros, 2800 meters, in rock crevices, Stork & Horton 10766 (stems proliferous). Cuzco: Herrera 2155 (Bues coll.) Ollantaitambo, "Huacanquito," about 3000 (lip short and broad). Ollantaitambo, Valmeters, Cook & Gilbert 797 (stems proliferous) ley of the Urubamba, 2800 meters, Herrera 3496 (stems proliferous). Prov. of Paucartambo, near Pillahuata, 3200 meters, in rain-forest, Vargas 3655. Prov. of Quispicanchis, between Ttio and Murayaca (Marcapata), 1960 meters, Vargas 3141. Huanuco: Chasqui, about 3200 meters, in shallow soil on sunny rocks, Macbride & Featherstone 1752. Huacachi, near Muna, about 2000 meters, "rock pockets," Macbride 3873. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke Same locality, 1600 meters, Schunke 1694- Prov. of Tarma, s.n., 1332. Agua Dulce, 1900 meters, on tree in shady forest, Woytkowski 35421, 35422. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, epiphyte in mountain forest, King 3623. Also West Indies and Costa Rica (type of P. Pittieri) to Panama, Venezuela (type of P. velaticaulis) Ecuador and Peru.
.

Pleurothallis verruculosa Kranzl. Fedde Repert.
357
1: 177. 1905.
Plant medium-sized, epiphytic. Rhizome abbreviated. Stems caespitose, numerous, monophyllous, gradually dilated and laterally flattened upward, up to 15 cm. long, provided with 2 tubular, evanescent sheaths near the base. Leaf oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate or narrowly oblong, erect or spreading, subacute to obtuse, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, fleshy, 4.5-7.6 cm. long, up to 1.8 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 to several, very short (not equaling half of the leaf), racemose, densely few-flowered, commonly lax or nodding. Flowers small, bilabiate, fleshy, brown, often striped with red, more or less finely papillose on both surfaces. Dorsal sepal oblong-obovate or oblong-oblanceolate ("ligulate"), subacute, concave below, about 5 mm. long. Lateral sepals shorter than the dorsal sepal, obliquely semielliptic and incurved, acute, more or less connate into a suborbicular lamina which is sharply bidentate above. Petals about half as long as the dorsal sepal, obliquely cuneate-spatulate ("oblong"), obtuse, with a short,
on the side near the dorsal sepal. Lip very with erect-incurved sides in natural position, obovate in outline, a little shorter than the petals, subacute to obtuse, from a short claw dilated into a subquadrate-ovate lamina, obscurely lobulate below, about 2 mm. long. Column subequaling the petals, arcuate, abruptly dilated into a cucullate wing which is denticulate above.
fleshy, indistinct intramarginal keel
fleshy, arcuate
Cajamarca: Prov. of Chota, mountains west of Huambos, 31003200 meters, in sclerophyllous vegetation consisting of shrubs and Huanuco: Yanano, about 1800 saplings, Weberbauer 4180 (type). on mossy tree, Macbride 3842. meters,
In the
Ames Herbarium
there
is
a photograph of the type.

f.
Pleurothallis xanthochlora Reichb.
Linnaea 22: 823. 1849;
Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 7, no. 26. 1859; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Humboldtia xanthochlora 0. Ktze. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 178. 1944.
Rev. Gen.
t.
PI. pt. 2: 668. 1891.
Pleurothallis huanucoensis Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

114, nr. 448. 1929.
9: 75. 1921;
Plant large, epiphytic or terrestrial, with a creeping rhizome. Stems subremote, monophyllous, up to 49.5 cm. tall, provided at the base with 1 or 2 small, tubular, evanescent sheaths and near or above the middle with a longer, tubular, evanescent sheath. Leaf erect or spreading, oblong-elliptic to oval or ovate-elliptic ("oblong"), acute or subacute (rarely short-acuminate), cuneate at the sessile (sometimes subsessile) base, 14-23 cm. long, up to 8.8 cm. wide. Inflorescences
1-5, elongate, usually much surpassing the leaf, racemose, densely or subdensely many-flowered above, erect or lax. Flowers very small, bilabiate, greenish white or white to yellow. Sepals deeply concave. Dorsal sepal ovate or lanceolateovate, acute or acuminate, 4-7 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into an apically narrowed, obtuse lamina which is very similar to the dorsal sepal. Petals linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, subequaling or slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip much shorter than the petals, ovate or lanceolate-ovate, acute or acuminate, with the upcurved sides of the basal portion broadly rounded and more
358
30
or less lobuliform above, with denticulate anterior margin, 1.75-3.7 mm. long; disc with a small, central, transverse thickening near the base. Column small, more
than half as long as the
lip.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, "alturas de Pintobamba," 2700 meters, in woods, Vargas 3541- Prov. of Convention, Potrero, CosqueProv. of Convention, Hda. fiayocc, 1400 meters, Vargas 8266. 1800 meters, in humus of wooded slope, Vargas 3468. "Amaibamba," Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Vargas 2540. Huanuco: Near Monzon ("Monson"), 1000-1200 meters, between stones, Weberbauer 3491 (type of P. huanucoensis Schltr.). Junin: La Merced, about 600 meters, on tree trunk, Macbride 5533. Pichis Trail, Enenas, 1600-1900 meters, on base of tree trunk in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25662 (entire San Martin: San Roque, 1350-1500 meters, in forest, Williams lip). 7066. Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, in mountain forest, Klug 3422. Venezuela (type of P. xanthochlora)
.
LEPANTHOPSIS
jointed, the
(Cogn.)
Ames
Small or minute epiphytes. Stems caespitose, unifoliate at the apex, severalmembers being enveloped by close, tubular sheaths with a spreading hispid mouth. Leaf suborbicular to elliptic-oblong, acute to rounded at the apex, very shortly petioled. Inflorescences terminal, axillary, one to several, racemose above, densely several- to many-flowered, often secund. Flowers very small, membranaceous. Parts of the perianth wide-spreading. Sepals subequal, more
Petals much smaller, or less connate, the lateral sepals very deeply connate. orbicular to oblong-elliptic. Lip sessile at the base of the column, simple, com-
monly
lar,
larger than the petals. Column minute, footless. incumbent. Pollinia 2, waxy, subpyriform.
Anther terminal, opercu-
Lepanthopsis floripecten (Reichb. f.) Ames, Bot. Mus. Lean Harvard Univ. 1, no. 9: 11. 1933. Pleurothallis floripecten Reichb.
.
f.
Bonpl. 2: 25. 1854. Lepanthes secunda Barb. Rodr. Gen. & Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 70. 1882. Pleurothallis unilateralis Cogn. Martius Fl.
Bras. 3, pt. 4: 592,
t.
122,
fig. 2.
1896.
Figure 68.
Plant very small, variable, 3-15 cm. tall. Stems caespitose, ascending, up to 7 cm. long, unifoliate at the apex, entirely concealed by 2 to 7 close, tubular sheaths
FIG. 68. Lepanthopsis floripecten (Reichb. f.) Ames. 1, secondary stem, with four peduncles, showing that the stem elongates as the successive peduncles are produced; X 1. 2, habit, showing that the stems are comparatively short when the first peduncle is produced; XI. 3, flower, much enlarged. 4, column,
much much
enlarged; the heavily stippled areas represent the lateral stigmas. 5, lip, enlarged. 6, petal, much enlarged. 7, anther, much enlarged, showing the under side. 8, pollinia, much enlarged. 9, peduncle and raceme, much enlarged.
.LEPANTH0PSIS
Jtory.>t
359
360
30
with a spreading hispid mouth. Leaf erect, suborbicular-oval to elliptic-oblong, obtuse to broadly rounded at the apex, very shortly petioled, 1.5-3.9 cm. long, up to 1.2 cm. wide. Inflorescences terminal, axillary, one to several, filiform, up to 10 cm. long, racemose above; raceme densely many-flowered, up to 2.5 cm. long, with secund or unilateral flowers. Flowers very small, membranaceous, white or pale yellow. Sepals horizontally spreading. Dorsal sepal ovate, narrowed to an acute or obtuse apex, about 2-3 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an oblongsubquadrate lamina which is bidentate at the apex, somewhat longer than the dorsal sepal and either slightly narrower or broader. Petals many times smaller than the sepals, suborbicular-ovate, rounded to subacute at the apex. Lip similar to the petals but larger, suborbicular or round-ovate, broadly rounded at the apex, about
1 mm. long and wide. rated stigmas.
Column minute, broad,
dilated above, with widely sepa-
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Sachayocc, 1800 meters, epiphytic, Vargas 6297. Also Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia (fide Schlechter), Venezuela (type of Pleurothallis floripecten) and Brazil (type of Lepanthes secunda and Pleurothallis unilateralis).
BRACHIONIDIUM
Lindl.
A small genus of inconspicuous, commonly epiphytic orchids extending from Costa Rica, the West Indies and northern South America southward to Bolivia and perhaps Brazil.
Plants small, with an elongate, often branching primary stem or rhizome. Secondary stems approximate to remote, abbreviated, concealed by 2 or more imbricating, tubular, scarious sheaths, 1-leaved at the apex. Leaf shortly petioled; lamina elliptic, oblong-elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-ovate. Peduncle 1-flowered, equaling to
much
form,
commonly provided near the middle with a tubular
surpassing (rarely shorter than) the subtending leaf, filior infundibuliform sheath.
large. Perianth parts spreading. Sepals abruptly acuminate to attenuate or caudate, the lateral ones being entirely or mostly connate. Petals similar to the sepals, but smaller. Lip very small, usually sessile, simple to 3-lobed, often transverse. Column abbreviated, footless, with an apical pair of sharp teeth or arms. Pollinia 6, slenderly oblong-pyriform.
Flower small to rather
Brachionidium serratum
stem which
apex, 7-16
Schltr.
Fedde Repert.
9: 164. 1911.
Plant epiphytic, very small, with a more or less elongate, creeping, primary is concealed by close sheaths. Secondary stems abbreviated, 1-leaved, scarcely 5 mm. long. Leaf elliptic, erect, subobtuse with an unequally bilobulate
mm. wide. Peduncles terminal, filiform, 1-flowered, Flower becoming purple, soon nodding. Dorsal sepal ovatelanceolate, apiculate, unicarinate on the back, 8 mm. long and half as wide. Lateral sepals entirely connate into an ovate, subobtuse lamina which is a little longer and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely lanceolate, acuminate, densely serrate, subequaling the dorsal sepal. Lip from a quadrate-unguiculate base broadly rhombic, shortly apiculate, the sides obtuse-angled, adorned in the midlong, 3-4
mm.
commonly naked.

die with a
361
above.
rounded callus, about 3.5 mm. long and broad. Column short, 2-armed Anther cucullate-cordate; pollinia 6, obliquely clavate.
s.n.
Peru: Near Cochabamba, Filomeno
OCTOMERIA
A rather small
R. Br.
genus of epiphytes confined to the American tropics, with usu-
Stems more or less elongate, monophyllous at the apex, concealed by one or more tubular, evanescent sheaths.
ally abbreviated, rarely long-creeping, rhizomes.
Leaf erect, sessile or short-petioled, oblong-elliptic to linear or subterete. Inflorescences abbreviated, fascicled, 1-flowered, 1 to numerous. Flowers small to mediumsized, campanulate to urceolate. Sepals and petals subequal or the latter a little shorter, commonly free. Lip much shorter than the other segments, commonly with a pair of small lateral lobes below the middle. Column much shorter than the petals, wingless, provided with a short foot. Pollinia 8, four in each chamber of the 2-celled anther.
Plants having a close outward appearance to some species of but readily distinguished by having 8 pollinia, rather than 2 or 4. Moreover, this genus differs from most species of Pleurothallis by having the petals subequal to the sepals.
Pleurothallis,
Al.
A2.
la.
Leaves triquetrous-subulate to subterete; lateral lobes of the lip long and I narrow Leaves flat, linear to narrowly elliptic; lateral lobes of the lip short and 1 broad
Ib.
la.
Stems terete or subterete; mid-lobe Stems complanate; mid-lobe of the
of the lip 3-lobed, retuse

lip
.O. scirpoidea
O. complanata Flowers relatively large, sepals 12 mm. or more long; leaves usually not 2 thickly fleshy, but more or less coriaceous
simple, not retuse
Ib. 2a.
Flowers relatively small, sepals 9.8 mm. or less long; leaves thickly fleshy. .3 Sepals lanceolate-oblong; lip not prominently auriculate at the base; leaves O. boliviensis 15.7 cm. or less long
2b.
3a.
up
Sepals elliptic-lanceolate; lip rather prominently auriculate at the base; leaves O. boliviensis var. grandifolia to 27.6 cm. long including the petiole
Lateral sepals connate to about the middle; mid-lobe of the
lip
subquadrate.
.
ovate
3b.
4a.
O. semiconnata
Lateral sepals free or nearly so; mid-lobe of the lip not subquadrate-ovate 4 Leaves dull on the upper surface; lateral lobes of the lip near the middle,
broadly falcate-oblong and porrect; mid-lobe rhombic-obovate.

O. surinamensis
4b.
Leaves shining on the upper surface; lateral lobes of the lip near the base, rounded-auriculate and spreading; mid-lobe ovate or ovate-oblong.
O. erosilabia
Octomeria boliviensis
1907.
Rolfe, Bull.
N. Y. Bot. Gard.
4: 452.
Plant medium-sized, with a creeping rhizome. Stems subremote, ascending from a decumbent base, slender or rather stout, 4- to 5-jointed, up to 20 cm. long,
362
30
mostly concealed by 5 to 6 evanescent, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect or suberect, short-petioled; lamina lanceolate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, more or less narrowed above to an obtuse apex, cuneate at the base, 7-14 cm. long, 9-19 mm. wide; petiole slender, up to 1.7 cm. long. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, several in a cluster. Flowers relatively large, membranaceous, white. Dorsal sepal lanceolateoblong, acute, concave at the base, about 13 mm. long. Lateral sepals free, similar to the dorsal sepal but a little shorter and broader. Petals similar to the dorsal sepal but a little smaller. Lip more than half as long as the dorsal sepal, ellipticoblong in outline, pandurate, sharply 3-lobed in the middle, truncate at the base, about 7.5 mm. long; lateral lobes small, rounded, porrect; mid-lobe much larger, rhombic-ovate, broadly truncate in front, with erose margins; disc with a pair of short keels extending from the center of the lateral lobes to the base of the midlobe. Column slender, about one third as long as the dorsal sepal, with a short foot.
Jimin:
(type).
Chanchamayo
Valley, 1600 meters, Schunke 1645. Bolivia
Octomeria boliviensis Rolfe var. grandifolia C. Schweinf

Mus.
Leafl.
Bot.
Harvard Univ.
10: 194. 1942.
Plant variable. Stems approximate to subremote, 7.5-42.3 cm. long. Leaf short-petioled; lamina elliptic-linear to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 11.5-26.4 cm. long, up to 3.7 cm. wide. Flowers slightly smaller than those of the type, creamor violet. Sepals elliptic-lanceolate, all similar, about Petals similar to the sepals but slightly smaller, somewhat oblique. Lip about 7 mm. long, sharply 3-lobed in the middle; lower portion pandurate with a more or less auriculate base; lateral lobes erect, small, obliquely semiovate, rounded at the apex, somewhat narrower than those of the type; mid-lobe rhombiccolor, yellow
and dark red
12
mm.
long.
ovate, more or less sharply 3-lobulate at the truncate apex; disc with a pair of keels similar to those of the type.
Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, 6001200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Klug 0.15 (type). San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, in mountain forest,
Klug 3637.
Octomeria complanata
Univ. 10: 195,
t.
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard
mono-
24. 1942.
Figure 69.
slender, complanate,
Plant small, caespitose.
Stems numerous, crowded,
phyllous, up to 8.5 cm. long, with several tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths near the base. Leaf triquetrous-subulate, appearing like a continuation of the
stem, more or less arcuate in the dried specimen, up to 4 cm. long. Inflorescences abbreviated, apparently 1-flowered, several in a cluster. Flowers small, membranaceous, brown-red. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, acute, concave, up to 5.3 mm. long. Lateral sepals narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, navicular, subacute, somewhat longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals Lip obliquely oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, shorter than the sepals. nearly three times shorter than the lateral sepals, about 2.1 mm. long, with the sides of the lower portion incurved in natural position, deeply 3-lobed at the base,
OCTOMEJUA
comjoanaia
FIG. 69.
ovary from side; expanded; X 10.
Octomeria complanata C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X X 5. 3, flower from above, expanded; X 5.

5,
1.
2,
4, lip
flower and from above,
column and
lip
from
side;
10.
363
364
30
oblong-ovate in outline when expanded, rounded at the apex, broadly rounded at the base; lateral lobes very small, falcate, narrowly triangular-lanceolate; mid-lobe many times larger, ovate, with the margins more or less irregular; disc with a pair of short keels near the base. Column slender, arcuate, dilated below, shorter than the lip, extended into a stout foot.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug

471.
Octomeria erosilabia
Univ. 3: 85. 1935.
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard
Plant medium-sized to large, with a creeping rhizome. Stems generally with a decumbent base, 9-19 cm. high, 4-angled in the dried plant, 3- to 5-jointed, provided with several (up to 5) tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, subsessile to short-petioled; lamina rigid, thickly coriaceous, shining, oblong-linear or ellipticlinear, acute to subacute, with revolute margins, 10-17 cm. long (the longest blade incomplete at the apex in our specimen), 10-12 mm. wide. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, very numerous, capitate. Flowers small, apparently subfleshy, creamy white to yellow. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, acuminate, 6-6.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, free, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly longer and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals similar to the dorsal sepal but smaller, lightly oblique. Lip about half as long as the sepals, 3-lobed near the base with the lateral lobes erect in natural position, oblong-ovate in outline when expanded, broadly cuneate at the base, about 3 mm. long; lateral lobes very small, rounded-auriculate; midlobe much larger, ovate or oblong-ovate, broadly truncate and more or less sharply tri dentate in front, with denticulate-erose margins; disc with a pair of short, fleshy keels extending from the middle of the lateral lobes to the lower part of the midlobe. Column minute, stout, about 1.3 mm. long, with a short foot.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte in forest, Klug 1192. British Guiana (type).
Octomeria scirpoidea (Poepp. Endl.) Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 856. 1852; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 644. 1896. Aspegrenia Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 12, t. 116. 1838. scirpoidea Poepp.
&
&
Plant medium-sized, with a short, stout, creeping rhizome. Stems caespitose, numerous, slender, subterete, not thickened above, 8-17 cm. tall, 3- to 4-jointed, provided with several close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf small, erect or arcuate, linear-subulate, subcylindric, very acute, sessile, fleshy, deeply channelled, 5-8 cm. long, about 2 mm. wide. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered. Flowers Dorsal sepal narrowly linearsmall, membranaceous, lemon-yellow, successive. lanceolate, sharply acute, concave, about 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals very similar, free. Petals linear, acuminate, about as long as the sepals, suboblique. Lip shorter than the sepals, ovate in outline, deeply 3-lobed near the base, rose-colored, 4-4.5
mm. long; lateral lobes rather long, falcate-subulate, very acute, erect; mid-lobe many times larger, obovate, 3-lobulate above, strongly constricted below, retuse at the apex, bicarinate near the base. Column very short and slender, 1.5 mm.
long, with a 3-lobed clinandrium.
365
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), on trees, Poeppigl581 (type). Loreto: Near Tocache, at the Mision de los Cholones, Poeppig s.n.
Octomeria semiconnata
398,
t.,
C. Schweinf.
Am.
Orch. Soc. Bull. 21:
1952.
Figure 70.
Plant small and insignificant, caespitose, with a rather abbreviated, creeping rhizome. Stems approximate, up to 8 cm. long, entirely invested by several (up to 6) tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, linear, very fleshy,
up to
acute or obtuse and apiculate, gradually narrowed to a sessile, channelled base, 7.9 cm. long and 4.5 mm. wide (when freshly boiled). Inflorescences 1-flowered, axillary, fascicled. Flowers small, membranaceous, cupuliform, yellow with
Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, up to 5.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but slightly shorter, connate to about the middle, lightly oblique. Petals elliptic-lanceolate, acute, rather shorter and very slightly narrower than the sepals.
a red spot.
Lip much smaller than the other segments, prominently 3-lobed below the middle, with erect-incurved lateral lobes, up to about 2.9 mm. long and 2 mm. wide across the middle when expanded, truncate and apiculate in front; basal portion subquadrate or cuneate-subquadrate; lateral lobes small, auriculiform, erect; mid-lobe much larger, subquadrate-ovate; disc with a pair of short fleshy keels near the middle and a fleshy mid-nerve toward the apex beneath. Column very small, arcuate, about 1.5 mm. high, produced into a broad foot.
of
San Martin: Tingo Maria, in a deep ravine far up on ridge east Tingo Maria, about 860 meters, in dense jungle, Allard 21398
(type), 20732.
Octomeria surinamensis Focke,

1849; Reichb.
f.
Walp. Ann.
6: 195. 1861;
Tijdschr. Natuur. Wet. 2: 200. Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3,
pt. 4: 616. 1896.
Plant small to medium-sized, with a stout, creeping rhizome (not always obvious in the dried specimens). Stems apparently approximate, numerous, erect or ascending, from a slender terete base gradually dilated and laterally flattened toward the apex, usually 3- to 4-jointed, concealed by several tubular, evanescent sheaths, more or less longitudinally sulcate in the dried specimen, 3-10 cm. long. Leaf
commonly more or less petioled, linear to elliptic-oblong, acute or obtuse, cuneate at the base, 5.6-14 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. wide, dull on the upper surface. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered, several in a cluster. Flowers small, membranaceous, yellowish white to yellow. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, concave, 5.8-9.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals
erect, thickly fleshy,
similar, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, lightly oblique, acute or acuminate.
Petals obliquely oblong-lanceolate (rarely ovate-lanceolate), acuminate, somewhat shorter than the sepals. Lip shorter than the petals, 3.8-5.2 mm. long, sharply
3-lobed, with the lateral lobes erect in natural position; lower portion subquadrate, lightly cordate on each side at the base; lateral lobes below the middle, small,
broadly falcate-semiovate, obtuse; terminal lobe much larger, rhombic-obovate, abruptly truncate in front with a trilobulate or tridentate apex (the middle tooth consisting of a mucro), more or less denticulate; disc with a pair of short keels
OCTOMERJA
FIG. 70.
lip
removed, expanded; view from side; X 10.
Octomeria semiconnata C. Schweinf. 1, habit; X 1. 2, flower with X 5. 3, lip from above; X 10. 4, column and lip, oblique
366
367
extending from the center of the lateral lobes to the lower part of the terminal lobe. Column half as long as the sepals or less, slender, arcuate, with a prominent foot.
Loreto: Region of the Maranon River from Iquitos up toward mouth of the Santiago at the Pongo de Manseriche, 160 meters, about 77 30' west, epiphyte in rain-forest, Tessmann 4147. Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte, flowers golden-yellow and red-orange,
the
Klug 10105. Same locality and altitude, flowers light yellow, Klug 10133. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 503. Also Surinam (type).
VARGASIELLA
A
zuela. Plant
C. Schweinf.
very small genus at the present time recorded only from Peru and Venemedium-sized to large, terrestrial or epiphytic. Stem elongate, manyjointed, decumbent and rhizomatose below, often with one or few strict, short branches near the middle. Leaves several, distichous, on the upper portion of the stem, more or less elliptic, articulated. Inflorescence subterminal or axillary, laxly racemose. Sepals oblong-ovate or lanceolate-oblong, similar. Petals similar to the
sepals or broader. Lip simple, articulated to the column-foot, arcuate-recurved. Column rather short, stout, produced into a short foot. Anther small, galeate,
1-celled.
Pollinia 4.
Vargasiella peruviana C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 150, t. 47. 1952. Frontispiece.
Plant slender, medium-sized. Stem elongate, many-jointed, decumbent and rhizomatose below. Leaves several, distichous, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, convolute, acuminate, sessile or indistinctly petioled at the cuneate base, articulated to close, tubular sheaths, up to 13.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence much surpassing the leaves, arising from the axil of an upper leaf, racemose above, up to about 33.5 cm. long, with the peduncle about 21.4 cm. long. Flowers mediumsized, subfleshy, white and pink. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, acute or mucronate, about 1.32 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar but slightly larger. Petals ellipticovate, similar to the sepals but slightly smaller. Lip simple, arcuate-recurved with erect sides in natural position; lamina with strongly undulate margins, ovateoblong when forcibly expanded, rounded and acute or apiculate at the tip, with a pair of fleshy callose thickenings in the lower half, about 1 cm. long and 6 mm. wide. Column stout, arcuate, about 7 mm. high at the back, with a short, fleshy
foot.
Pollinia 4, in
two unequal
pairs.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, hills of Pintobamba, about 2400 meters, in forest humus, Vargas 3288 (type). Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 3400 meters, epiphyte in rain-forest, Vargas 3010.
MALAX IS
Soland. ex Sw. (Microstylis Nutt. ex Lindl.)
A large and cosmopolitan genus of terrestrial (sometimes epiphytic), mostly inconspicuous plants, with or usually without a creeping rhizome. Stems mostly
368
30
bulbous-thickened at the base, with one or several leaves. Leaves membranaceous, contracted below into a long-sheathing petiole. Flowers small to minute, disposed in an elongate spike or a contracted, subumbellate raceme. Sepals free or the lateral ones more or less connate below, subequal, spreading. Petals usually narrower than the sepals, often filiform. Lip sessile, entire or 2- to 3-lobed, commonly deeply concave near the base, broadly rounded to apiculate or many-toothed at the apex,
often
ciliate.
Column very
short.
Al. A2.
la.
Raceme or spike elongate Raceme contracted or subumbellate, rarely ovoid Plant with 4 or more leaves; lip without a terminal
erose or ciliolate
I
1
lobe or apicule, finely
M.
liparidioides
Ib.
Plant with
1 leaf; lip
la.
Base
of the lip
with a conspicuous terminal lobe or apicule. M. carnosa (Microstylis calycina) sagittate, or with prominent angles or uncinate protuberances. .2
Ib.
2a.
Base
of the lip not sagittate
and without prominent basal angles
Apex Apex
of the lip 3-toothed, relatively broad.
M.
2b.
3a.
of the lip simple,
excavata (Microstylis hastilabia)
acuminate
Plant with a long-creeping rhizome; stems without a conspicuous tubular M. ventricosa swelling at the base; leaves near the inflorescence
3b.
4a.
Plant without a creeping rhizome; stems with a conspicuous tubular swelling .M. rupestris at the base; leaves subradical, below the middle of the stem M. Parthonii Lip obtuse to broadly rounded at the apex
.
.
4b.
5a.
5 Lip abruptly acute, or apiculate to rostrate Apex of the lip with a more or less elongate and thickened, sometimes upcurved, rostrum fasligiata
5b.
6a.
Apex
of the lip with a short, blunt,
unthickened apicule
6b.
Plant 33 cm. or less tall; leaves elliptic to round-oval, obtuse to subacute, up to 6 cm. long and 3.7 cm. wide; flowers small, sepals about 3 mm. long, M. termensis lip about 2.3 mm. long Plant about 43 cm. tall; leaves broadly ovate, acute, up to 9 cm. long and 6.1 cm. wide; flowers very small, sepals about 2.3 mm. long, lip about M. termensis var. elata 1.7 mm. long
Malaxis carnosa (HBK.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 32. 1941. Stdis carnosa HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 362. 1816. Dienia calycina Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 23 (1830). Ophrys monophyllos Pav. ex Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 23 (1830), in synon. Microstylis calycina Ridl. Journ. Linn. Soc. 24: 331. 1888. Serapias parasitica Pav. ex Ridl. Journ. Linn. Soc. 24: 331. 1888, in synon. Malaxis calycina 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 673. 1891.
Plant slender, variable, up to about 55 cm. tall, with a bulbous-thickened base. slender, concealed below by 2 or 3 tubular, imbricating sheaths of which the uppermost consists of the sheathing petiole of the leaf. Leaf solitary, apparently sessile but with a long sheathing base, elliptic-oblong to oval, subacute to broadly rounded above, up to 10 cm. long and 3.7 cm. wide, apparently erect and often
Stem

clasping the stem.
369
Spike very slender, many-flowered, dense but becoming loose development, up to about 26 cm. long. Flowers very small, yellow or greenish yellow. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate to suborbicular, subacute to obtuse, about 2 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals a little smaller, obliquely ovate, subacute to obtuse, connate near the base. Petals smaller than the sepals, narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to ovate- or rhombic-lanceolate, obtuse to truncate at the apex, recurved. Lip much shorter than the sepals and petals, about 1.3 mm. long and slightly wider, transversely round-oval to reniform, concave, with a median lobule or apicule which is small, oblong-ovate to ovate and suba"cute to rounded at the apex. Column minute.
in course of
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pavdn s.n., fide Ridley, Journ. Linn. Prov. of Jaen de Bracamoros near Sondorillo and Mandor Rock, about 1800 meters, Bonpland s.n. (type of Stelis Also Mexico (type of Dienia calycina) to Costa Rica. carnosa)
Soc. 24: 331. 1888.
.
Malaxis excavata
1891.
(Lindl.) 0. Ktze.
Rev. Gen.
PI. pt. 2: 673.
Microstylis excavata Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24, Misc. 51, no. 93. 1838. Microstylis hastilabia Reichb. f. Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 101. 1866;
ings). 1895.
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 283, t. 68, fig. 2 (erroneous drawMalaxis hastilabia 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 673.
1891.
Plant slender, variable, up to about 42 cm. high, more or less bulbous-thickened at the base. Stem with the lower portion (usually about one half the entire length)
concealed by several tubular, imbricating sheaths of which the uppermost is much the longest and leaf-bearing at the summit. Leaves 2, subopposite, appearing sessile but with a long-sheathing petiole, ovate (rarely ovate-lanceolate), acute or acuminate, spreading, up to 13 cm. long and 8 cm. wide. Raceme abbreviated,
subumbellate, very densely many-flowered, with the rachis up to 2 cm. long. Flowers very small, long-pedicelled, spreading, white, green or yellowish. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong to broadly ovate, with revolute sides, obtuse to subacute, 3-4.1 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, rather smaller, lightly oblique. Petals narrowly linear to filiform, recurved or circinate, obtuse, shorter than the sepals. Lip slightly shorter than the sepals, triangular-ovate in outline with prominent retrorse, triangular or uncinate auricles, up to 3.2 mm. long, 3-toothed at the apex (usually with the central tooth the longest); lamina mostly concave, the hollow divided into a pair of compartments. Column minute.
Huancavelica: Prov. of Tayacaja, quebrada south of Salcabamba, 3300 meters, in moist humus of deep shaded ravine, Stork & Norton 10283. Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), in woods, Poeppig s.n. Also Mexico (type of M. excavata) to Costa Rica (type of M. hastilabia},
Panama and Colombia,
Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia and Argen-
tina.
Malaxis fastigiata (Reichb.

1891.
f.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: 673. Reichb. f. Linnaea 22: 834. 1849; Ridl. Microstylis fastigiata
370

Ophrys
ensifolia
30
Journ. Linn. Soc. 24: 326. 1888.

I.e.,
Pav. Mss. ex Ridl.,
in synon.
Plant terrestrial, very variable, up to about 45 cm. high, with a bulbous-thickStem concealed below by 2 or 3 tubular, imbricating sheaths of which
ened base.
is leaf-bearing. Leaves 1 or 2, subopposite or distinctly separated, ovate-oblong or oval to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate, lightly cordate to cuneate at the base, up to 10 (rarely 13) cm. long and 5 (rarely 6.8) cm. wide. Raceme abbreviated, subumbellate, at the summit of a long naked peduncle, manyflowered, the rachis rarely up to 3.5 cm. long. Flowers very small, long-pedicelled, spreading, green to yellowish orange. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong or ovateoblong, obtuse, with revolute margins, up to 4 (rarely 4.5) mm. long. Lateral
the uppermost
Petals sepals similar, commonly slightly longer and wider, somewhat oblique. linear to linear-lanceolate, much shorter than the sepals. Lip lanceolate-ovate, acuminate to more or less abruptly rostrate with a thickened apical portion, rounded
to truncate at the base, with a large,
more
the lower half bordered

stout.
by a
fleshy ridge,
or less 2-chambered excavation through about 3-3.8 mm. long. Column minute,
Cuzco: Habitat unrecorded, Mercedes, 900 meters, Bues s.n., 4Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, on open grass slope, Vargas 2526. Quebrada de Oropeza, Hacienda Quispicanchi, 3600 meters, Herrera 2587, fide Herrera, Sin. Fl. Cuzco
1: 194. 1941.
Huanuco: Between Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pam-
payacu), Kanehira 314- Junin: Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1400-1700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 24857. (This collection has only passe flowers.) A widespread and
variable species extending from Mexico (type), duras to Colombia (fide Ridley) and Bolivia.
Guatemala and Hon-
Malaxis liparidioides (Finet) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 128. 1941. Microstylis liparidioides Finet, Bull.
Soc. Bot. France 55: 333,
t.
10, figs. 1-10. 1908.
Plant medium-sized, up to about 32 cm. high from the long-creeping and rootLeaves about ing rhizome. Stem erect from a decumbent, densely leafy base. 4-13, clustered near the base, with the gradually narrowed, subpetioled bases imbricating below; lamina elliptic-lanceolate (often narrowly so), obtuse, up to 7 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide. Inflorescence up to 27.5 cm. long; peduncle about 3-7 cm. long; raceme slender, elongate, laxly many-flowered, often nodding or arcuate above, up to about 20 cm. long. Floral bracts triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, about equaling the slender pedicellate ovary. Flowers very small, spreading, membranaceous. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, up to 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, reflexed. Petals linear or lanceolatelinear, slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip sessile, simple, elliptic-ovate or ovalovate, acute, with the margins densely ciliolate or "minutely erose," about 4 mm.
long in the middle and 3.3 mm. wide, rounded at the base without distinct auricles; disc with a small, fleshy, cordate callus at the base consisting of 2 confluent arms surrounding the column. Column minute.

Ecuador and Peru: Without locality, 1872 [Grisar] Colombia (flowers noted as green with a white lip)
.
371
(type).
Also
This concept
(Lindl.) 0. Ktze.,
may
prove to be referable to Malaxis caulescens but the obtuse leaves and simple ciliolate lip ap-
pear distinctive.
Malaxis Parthonii Morr.

1838.
Bull.
Acad. Roy.
Sci.
Brux. 5: 485.
Microstylis Parthonii Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 206. 1861; Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 282. 1895. Cogn.
Plant rather stout, with a bulbous-thickened base, up to about 58 cm. tall, Lower part of the stem (below the leaves) concealed by several loose, tubular, imbricating sheaths of which the uppermost ones are much the longest and leaf-bearing. Leaves 2, commonly near the middle of the stem or below, subopposite; lamina ovate to oval or orbicular-ovate, up to 22 cm. long and 12 cm. wide, abruptly acute to acuminate, spreading, apparently sessile to subsessile but with long petioles that sheath the stem. Inflorescences more or less surpassing the leaves, up to 38 cm. long with the raceme abbreviated, subumbellate and densely many-flowered, the rachis up to about 2 cm. long in course of development. Flowers small, green or greenish brown, often with a yellowish lip, on long spreading pedicels. Sepals usually with revolute sides. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong or ovateoblong, obtuse to subacute, up to 4 (rarely 6) mm. long. Lateral sepals a little shorter than the dorsal sepal, semioval to obliquely round-ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, often more or less connate and forming a suborbicular lamina. Petals lanceolate-linear to filiform, recurved or circinate, shorter than the sepals. Lip broadly ovate to suborbicular or even reniform-oval, broadly obtuse to rounded at the apex, cordate at the base, more or less concave near the base, about 2-5 mm. long and 2.3-7.4 mm. wide. Column minute.
variable.
Junin:
Chanchamayo
(ex Cogniaux),
fide Schlechter,
Loreto Valley, 1800 meters, Schunke s.n. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 133. 1921.
Also
San Martin: Tarapoto, 750 meters, in forest, Williams 6005. Mexico to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil (type).
Malaxis rupestris (Poepp.

673. 1891.
8, t.
& Endl.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: Microstylis rupestris Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 111. 1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 280. 1895.
Plant rather slender, up to 35 cm. tall, arising from a small, ovoid, sheathed pseudobulb. Stem erect, 2-leaved near the base, naked from the leaves up to the raceme. Leaves subopposite, either subequal or very unequal, elliptic or ellipticlanceolate, acute, up to 7 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, erect-spreading, apparently sessile but abruptly contracted at the base into a long sheathing tubular petiole. Raceme abbreviated, subumbellate, densely many-flowered, with the rachis up to about 1 cm. long. Pedicels erect-spreading, elongate. Flowers very small, yellowish. Sepals subequally long, spreading. Dorsal sepal oblong-ligulate, obtuse, with
mm. long. Lateral sepals ovate-oblong, lightly oblique, subacute, free, diverging, somewhat broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals lanceorevolute sides, about 3
372
30
late-linear to filiform, acute, recurved in course of
development, about as long as the sepals. Lip broadly ovate-cordate, deeply concave, acuminate, sagittate at the base with small, reflexed, triangular auricles, about 2.5 mm. long and 2 mm.
wide.
Column minute,
dilated below, surrounded
by the
sides of the concave lip.
of Cassapi (Casapi), on very warm calPoeppig 1656 (type). Also Venezuela. This description was chiefly drawn from Cogniaux' treatment.
Huanuco: Near the town

cliff s,
careous
Malaxis termensis (Kranzl.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 33. 1941. Microstylis termensis Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1:91. 1905.
Plant up to about 33 cm. tall (very variable in size), arising from a bulb or a bulbous-thickened base. Lower part of the stem (below the leaves) concealed by 2 or 3 loose, tubular, imbricating sheaths of which the upper are leaf-bearing. Leaves single or 2 and subopposite, near the base of the plant or at least below the middle, elliptic to round-oval, acute to obtuse, up to about 6 cm. long and 3.7 cm. wide, more or less convolute around the stem when young, apparently sessile but with an abrupt, long-sheathing petiole. Inflorescence more or less elongate, terminated by an abbreviated, subumbellate, densely many-flowered raceme, with the rachis up to about 2 cm. long in course of development. Pedicels elongate, spreading. Flowers very small, green or yellowish. Sepals with revolute sides. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong or oblong-elliptic, obtuse, about 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals
similar, oblique, broadly obtuse.
Petals linear to filiform, recurved,
much
shorter
Lip very broadly ovate, with the lower portion deeply concave and more or less 2-chambered, terminating in a more or less distinct, short, blunt apicule, rounded to subtruncate at the base, 1.5-2.3 mm. long and subequally wide when expanded. Column very short, surrounded by the concave lip.
than the sepals.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Cuzco: meters, terrestrial in open woods, Killip & Smith 22536. About Acomayo, 3050 meters, on natural fences of Fourcroya, Vargas 243. Apurimac Valley, Herrera 3076a. Valle del Urubamba, Ollantaitambo, 2800 meters, Herrera 34-58. Huanuco: Mito, about 3000 meters, on steep grassy slope, Macbride 3419. Junin: Prov. of Tarma ("Terma"), 2700-3000 meters, on mountains east of Palca, in steppe land with numerous small grasses and scattering shrubs, Weberbauer 2453 (type). La Libertad: Prov. of Trujillo, Cerro Cabras, 500 meters, Lopez 04?4>
Malaxis termensis (Kranzl.) C. Schweinf.
var. elata C. Schweinf.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 10. 1953.

Plant taller than the type, apparently with a creeping rhizome. Stems about 43 cm. high, only slightly thickened below. Leaves 2, subopposite, broadly ovate, acute, about 9 cm. long, up to 6.1 cm. wide, about 14-16.5 cm. above the base. Raceme subumbellate, many-flowered. Flowers very small, greenish. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, about 2.3 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-ovate,
373
subequally long but slightly broader than the dorsal sepal. Lip suborbicularovate, similar to that of the type, about 1.7 mm. long and slightly broader.
Bongara, Pomocochas, about 2400 meters, above Quebrada Santa Rosa, northeast across Lake Pomocochas, Hodge 6152.
of
terrestrial in ridge forests
Amazonas: Prov.
Malaxis ventricosa (Poepp.

pt. 2: 673. 1891. ac Sp. 2: 9. 1837;
& Endl.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL Microstylis ventricosa Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 281. 1895.
Plant with a long creeping rhizome bearing many stems, up to about 45 cm. Stems elongate, rather robust, arising as ascending branches of the rhizome, the lower portion enclosed in a loose sheath which is clavate below. Leaves 2, subopposite, much above the middle of the stem, widely spreading, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, long-acuminate, up to 13 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, rounded at the base where abruptly contracted into a sheathing petiole, much longer than the naked peduncle. Raceme abbreviated, ovoid, densely many-flowered, with the thickened rachis up to about 1.5 cm. long. Flowers very small, on elongate, spreading pedicels. Dorsal sepal oblong-ligulate, obtuse, with revolute sides. Lateral
tall.
sepals obliquely ovate-oblong, subacute, spreading. Petals subfiliform, at length recurved. Lip subrounded or broadly ovate-cordate, deeply concave (hemispheric), with an acuminate, reflexed apex, sagittate at the base.
in
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cochero), deep woods, Poeppig 1745 (type). Also Venezuela, fide Cogn. I.e. This description was drawn chiefly from Cogniaux' treatment.
LIPARIS
A
L. C. Rich.
large cosmopolitan genus, either terrestrial or epiphytic, with erect, solitary or caespitose (rarely remote) stems, often bulbous-thickened at the base, or with long-creeping rhizomes. Leaves solitary to numerous, alternate or sometimes in
approximate or distant, broadly round-ovate or broadly elliptic to lanceolate or linear-oblong, often more or less distinctly petioled with a sheathing base. Inflorescence a peduncled raceme which is lax or dense, few- or many-flowered. Flowers
pairs,
varying from minute to medium-sized, white or greenish through yellow and red to purple. Sepals free, commonly with revolute margins, rather broad to narrow. Petals narrower than the sepals, often filiform. Lip articulated to the footless column, generally ascending near the base and then reflexed-spreading, or spreading
from the base, either simple and often retuse or bifid, or rarely somewhat 3-lobed or laciniate. Column usually slender and relatively elongate, arcuate, often thickened at the base and shallowly 2-winged at the apex.
Al.
A2.
la.
Plants without distinct, distichously leafed stems or elongate rhizomes. Plants with distinct, distichously leafed stems or with elongate rhizomes.
.
.1
.1
Leaf solitary;
bilobed
.
.
lip
Ib.
Leaves several, congested;
L. vexillifera ovate to oblong-ovate lip cuneate-obovate or flabellate, retuse to L. data

. .
374
la.
30
Ib.
2a.
Leaves 4 or more, distichous on leafy stems 2 Leaves solitary or in remote pairs; plants with elongate rhizomes 3 Lip ovate-rhombic, acute or acuminate, longer than broad; leaves crisped.
L. crispifolia
2b.
3a.
Lip cuneate-flabellate, lightly retuse and bluntly mucronate, markedly shorter than broad; leaves mostly flat L. laticuneata Leaf solitary, deeply cordate and clasping at the base. L. retusa (L. neuroglossa) Leaves in remote pairs, broadly cuneate to subcordate at the base 4
3b.
4a.
Lip
much broader than
long, cuneate-renif orm
L. elegantula (L. Millet)

. .
4b.
5a.
.5 Lip longer than broad, subquadrate or broadly obovate to oval-oblong. Flowers relatively small; lip 7-9 mm. long, rounded or subcordate near the base L. ramosa
5b.
Flowers relatively large;
lip
11-14
mm.
long, cuneate-narrowed below. L. ramosa var. Rusbyi (L. Rusbyi)
Liparis crispifolia Reichb. f. Linnaea 41: 43. 1876; Ridl. Journ. Linn. Soc. 22: 280. 1886. Leptorchis crispifolia 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: 671. 1891.
Stem creeping with an ascending apex. Leaves about 4, distant, alternate, petioled; lamina cordate-ovate, acute or subacute, crisped, up to 5 cm. long and 3.7 cm. wide (according to Ridley) petioles distinct, sheathing at the base. Inflo;
rescence about 7.5 cm. long, loosely racemose above, several-flowered, erect.
large for the genus, showy.
Flowers Parts of the perianth spreading, about 1.4 cm. long. Sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Petals linear. Lip ovate-rhombic, acute or acuminate, dark purple, about 1.6 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Column much shorter than the lip, slender, arcuate, with short, obtuse wings.
Cajamarca(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 133. 1921. Also Ecuador (type) and Venezuela(?).
I have examined a drawing of the type from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 286. 1895.
Liparis elata Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: t. 1175. 1828; Cogn. Martius Figure 71.
terrestrial, glabrous, erect, very variable, 13 up to about 62 cm. high. short, more or less bulbous-thickened at the base, entirely invested by imbricating sheaths. Leaves several, spreading, basal or near the base, rosulate, convolute,
Plant
Stem
elliptic-lanceolate to oval, acute or acuminate,
bases,
up
to about 30 cm. long

is
a long peduncle which
narrowed to sheathing, imbricated and 11 cm. wide. Inflorescence 7-55 cm. long, with naked or provided with few distant, bract-like sheaths.
Raceme more
or less elongate, about 3-25 cm. long, loose, several- to many-flow-
3, flower,
FIG. 71. Liparis elata Lindl. X 1, plant; front view; X 5. 4, flower, side view;
%
5.
2,
inflorescence;
X 1M6, lateral
5, petal;
5.
sepal;
5.
7, pollinia,
enlarged.
Original drawing
by Blanche Ames.
375
376
ered.
30
Flowers small, long-pedicelled, white, greenish, yellowish or reddish to lavender Perianth-parts spreading. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong or ellipticoblong with revolute sides, obtuse (rarely subacute), 6-7 (rarely 8.2) mm. long.
or purple.
Lateral sepals shorter and broader, obliquely oblong-elliptic (semioval) or ovateoblong, revolute above, obtuse or subacute. Petals narrowly oblong to linear (rarely linear-oblanceolate), more or less oblique, with revolute sides, shorter than
the dorsal sepal. Lip subfleshy, cuneate-obovate or flabellate, retuse or bilobed and more or less apiculate, ascending at the base, reflexed-spreading above, provided near the base with a bilobed callus having spreading lobules, 4-6 mm. long,
3.6-5.6
mm.
wide.
Column somewhat
shorter than the
lip,
arcuate, winged
above.
Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, near Sesugu, Mathews 3192. Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, on open grass slope, perianth yellow, Vargas 2542. Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero) and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), in rather open woods, Poeppig 1453. San Martin: San Roque, 1350-1500 meZepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200ters, in forest, Williams 7012. 1600 meters, in mountain forest, Klug 3414- Also Florida, Mexico to Panama, the West Indies, and Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil (type) to Bolivia and Paraguay.
Liparis elegantula Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 382. 1906; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 33. 1941. Liparis
Millei Schltr.
Fedde Repert.
15: 53. 1917.
Stem
long-creeping, consisting of long sections or
clusters of
two
leaves.
branches bearing at the ends Leaves abruptly petioled; lamina round-ovate to triangular-
ovate (rarely broadly elliptic), acute to obtuse, truncate to subcordate (rarely rounded) at the base, up to 4 cm. long and 3.6 cm. wide; petiole channelled, sheathing at the base, up to 2.5 cm. long. Inflorescence axillary, up to about 12 cm. long,
with the naked peduncle sheathed below by one of the petioles. Racemes loosely up to about 4 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, white, streaked with rose or maroon. Perianth-parts spreading. Sepals and petals with revolute margins. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, 5-6 mm. long.
several- to many-flowered,
Lateral sepals similar but a little shorter, obtuse. Petals linear or lanceolate-linear. Lip from a cuneate base transversely oblong or cuneate reniform, prominently retuse and apiculate, irregularly erose-denticulate on the rounded sides, with a minute bilobed, forcipate callus at the base, up to about 4.75 mm. long and 7.5 mm. wide in front. Column about one half as long as the lip, arcuate, slender.
Pomocochas, 2400 meters, terrestrial in rain-forest, on ridges near Chido Quebrada, southwest of Junin: Prov. of Tarma, mountains west of Huavillage, Hodge 6138. capistana, 2700 meters, in low, open, moist woods mingled with shrubs, often enveloped in cloud, Weberbauer 2289 (type of L. elegantula). Also Ecuador (type of L. Millei).
Amazonas: Prov.
of Bongara,
377
15: 104,
Liparis laticuneata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. t. 34. 1951. Figure 72.
Plant medium-sized, decumbent, with a stout, long-creeping rhizome bearing very scattered fibrous roots and leaves. Stem a gradual continuation of the rhizome. Leaves 4-7 cm. distant on the rhizome and subapproximate on the erect stem, distinctly petioled; lamina ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, broadly cuneate to subcordate at the base, very variable in size, up to 5.5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide; petioles stout, channelled, with a slightly dilated, sheathing base, up to 2.5 cm. long. Inflorescence erect, about 13 cm. long. Raceme subdensely many-flowered, with the rachis about 9 cm. long. Flowers rather small for the genus, "pale yellow-greenish." Sepals and petals reflexed, with revolute margins. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong, subacute to abruptly obtuse, about 6-6.6 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but slightly wider, suboblique. Petals linear or lan-
and minutely retuse at the tip, slightly longer than the sepals. Lip flabellate-cuneate, rather abruptly dilated from a very short cuneate base, obscurely retuse and bluntly apiculate at the broadly rounded apex, about 7-8 mm. long and 10-13 mm. wide above the middle; disc with a central thickened band. Column minute, stout, arcuate, about 1.1 mm. high at the back.
ceolate-linear, abruptly truncate
ters,
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, "alturas de Pintobamba," 2700 meepiphytic or [terrestrial] in humus of wet forest, Vargas 3264Liparis
ramosa Poepp. &
Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2:

3, pt. 4:
9, t.
112.
1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras.
291. 1895.
Stem long-creeping, consisting of long sections or branches which bear scattering simple, lanuginose roots and close, tubular sheaths and terminate in a pair of petioled leaves. Lamina broadly ovate to orbicular-ovate or oval, commonly acute
(more rarely subacute or acuminate), broadly cuneate to subcordate at the base, 4 to about 8 cm. long, up to 6 cm. wide. Petioles channelled, up to about 6 cm. long, the lower of the pair generally somewhat stouter with its gradually dilated base sheathing the base of the upper petiole, rarely about 1 cm. distant at the base. Inflorescence axillary, up to about 22 cm. long including the rachis of the raceme,
with the lower portion sheathed by the petiole (of the upper leaf), the peduncle naked up to the raceme. Raceme loosely several- to many-flowered; rachis up to about 12 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, green or greenish white to lilac, membranaceous, with the perianth-parts spreading. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate with revolute sides, subacute, about 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, very oblique below, acute, apiculate, with revolute sides, slightly shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals narrowly linear to filiform, with revolute sides, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip subquadrate or subquadrate-obovate to subrotund-obovate, rounded at the apex with denticulate margins, more or less distinctly apiculate, subcordate to rounded near the ascending base, abruptly reflexed below, with a pair of minute calli at the base, about 7-9 mm. long and 5.87 mm. wide. Column much shorter than the lip, slender, arcuate, thickened at
the base.
Huanuco: Toward Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cowoods and shady places in the woods, Poeppig 1607 (type). Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke A.
chero), in primeval
FIG. 72.
side;
Liparis laticuneata C. Schweinf.

3, lateral sepal; 2.
1,
2.
2.
4, petal;
2.
1 plant; X A- 2, flower from 6, lip, 5, dorsal sepal; X 2.
expanded;
378

Same
379
Same locality, 1500 melocality, 1800 meters, Schunke 566. Schunke 1320. Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1300ters, 1700 meters, in dense forest, Schunke A58. Same locality, 1400-1700 meters, terrestrial in dense forest, Killip & Smith 24669. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, in mountain
forest,
Klug 3568.
Liparis
ramosa Poepp. &
Endl. var.
Rusbyi C. Schweinf. Bot.

Rolfe, Bull.
Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 106. 1951. Liparis Rusbyi N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 454. 1907.
zome long-creeping and branching, the
Plant very similar to the type, but with markedly larger flowers. Stem or rhisections reaching a length of 14 cm. and terminating in a similar pair of long-petioled leaves; blades broadly ovate or roundovate, up to 8 cm. long and 6.3 cm. wide; petioles up to 5.5 cm. long. Inflorescence up to 28 cm. long, with the rachis up to 15 cm. long. Flowers larger than in the type. Sepals about 10-12 mm. long. Lip broadly obovate or oblong-obovate to oblong-oval, with a more or less cuneate base, about 11-14 mm. long and 711
mm.
wide.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2100 meters, in humus forest, Vargas 3331. Prov. of Urubamba, "Huinaihuaina," Inca ruins, 2550 meters, in humus of forest, Vargas 4129. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 2500 meters, terrestrial in shade in rain-forest, Woytkowski 35459. Also Bolivia (type)
of
humid
Liparis retusa Fawc.

Reichb.
f.
&
Liparis neuroglossa Rolfe, Bull.
Rendle, Journ. Bot. 47: 128. 1909. N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 454. 1907, not
Plant rather small, slender. Rhizome creeping, provided with rather distant, scarious sheaths, producing very short stems at remote intervals. Stems concealed by the loose, tubular petiole of the leaf. Leaf solitary, suborbicular-cordate or
ovate-cordate, abruptly acute, appearing sessile and clasping the stem (abruptly contracted at the base into a sheathing petiole), up to 4.5 cm. long from the apex to the tip of a rounded lobule and 4.1 cm. wide, horizontally spreading. Inflores-
cence up to 15.7 cm. long from the summit of the swollen portion of the stem to the tip of the raceme; raceme loosely several- to many-flowered, with the rachis up
to about 7 cm. long. Flowers rather large for the plant, membranaceous, apparently brownish-violet. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 6.5-8.3 mm. long. Lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, oblique, acute, shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal.
Petals linear with revolute sides, longer than the dorsal sepal. Lip obovate-suborbicular to cuneate-semiorbicular, more or less broadly retuse and sharply apiculate, 6-7.2 mm. long in the middle, 7-10.3 mm. wide above, with the margins finely fimbriolate. Column slender, strongly arcuate, much shorter than the lip.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, "alturas de Pintobamba," 2600 meters, both epiphytic and terrestrial in humus, Vargas 3249. Prov. of
380

ruins,
30
Urubamba, "Huinaihuaina," Inca

forest,
2550 meters, in humus of
Vargas 4124-
Also Bolivia (type).
Liparis vexillifera (Llave

pt. 4: 289. 1895.
&
Lex.) Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3,
vexilliferum (as vexiliferum) Llave Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. Orch. Fasc. 2: 11. 1825. Sturmia elliptica Reichb. f. Linnaea 22: 833. 1849.
Cymbidium
&
Plant erect, small to medium-sized, rarely up to about 30 cm. tall, glabrous. short, with a bulbous base concealed by several scarious sheaths. Leaf solitary, basal or near the base, erect or erect-spreading, elliptic-oblong to lanceolateelliptic (rarely oblong), acute or acuminate, long-narrowed to the sheathing base,
Stem
frequently appearing conduplicate in the dried specimen, up to about 13 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. Inflorescence more or less surpassing the leaf, naked up to the
raceme, clasped below by the sheathing base of the leaf. Raceme loose to subdense, several- to many-flowered, up to about 14 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, yellowish green to yellow-orange, often with purple markings. Perianth-parts spreading, with revolute sides. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, up to 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal but commonly somewhat shorter and broader, lightly oblique, dorsally carinate especially near the apex. Petals linear, shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip ovate or oblong-ovate, broadly obtuse to rounded (rarely acute or mucronate), undulate on the lateral margins which are more or less emarginate, rounded at the base, with the median nerve and sometimes 2 lateral nerves thickened, up to 7 (rarely 9) mm. long and 5.3 (rarely 7) mm. wide. Column short, arcuate, often dilated near the base, about one half as long as the lip.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Cuzco: meters, terrestrial on open hillside, Killip & Smith 23187. Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, on open grass slope, perianth yellow-orange, Vargas 2529. A variable and widespread species with several recognized varieties, the typical form occurring from Mexico (type) to Costa Rica, the West Indies, Colombia, Venezuela and Bolivia.
DIOTHONEA
Lindl.
A small genus of South American epiphytes consisting of close and imperfectly understood species, including the genus Hemiscleria, and very nearly allied to Epidendrum. Plants medium-sized. Stems cylindric (not pseudobulbose or fusiform),
commonly more
rigid sheaths.
or less branched, distichously many-leaved, concealed by tubular, Leaves narrow, linear to oblong or lanceolate-oblong, abruptly sub-
obtuse to bilobed.
Inflorescence a terminal raceme,
commonly
lax or pendent,
large, long-
several- to many-flowered, loose or dense.
Flowers small to rather
pedicelled. Sepals subequal, suborbicular-ovate to lanceolate or triangular, concave, the lateral ones oblique. Petals rather similar to the sepals or much narrower. Lip more or less adnate to the sides of the column, forming a deeply
concave base, variously shaped, more or less 3-lobed or rarely simple, sometimes with a minute auricle or lateral lobe at the base. Column abbreviated, stout, winged.

Al. A2.
la.
381
Outer surface of the sepals rough with conspicuous uncinate or subconical D. exasperata appendages; lip pandurate Outer surface of the sepals smooth I
Mid-lobe of the lip subquadrate or subquadrate-oblong; peduncle relatively elongate, stout, clavate-thickened up to the rachis of the raceme; flowers small, fleshy, dorsal sepal 5-6 mm. long. D. nutans (Hemiscleria nutans, Epidendrum rhopalorhachis) Mid-lobe of the lip (if lip is 3-lobed) not subquadrate or subquadrate-oblong; peduncle commonly short, slender and indistinct; flowers relatively large,
Ib.
membranaceous
la.
.
.
Flowers large, sepals about 4 cm. or more long; dorsal sepal triangular; lip with 7 serrulate, carinate nerves extending through the basal half D. suavis Flowers smaller, sepals about 1.5 cm. or lip without 7 serrulate, basal keels
less long; dorsal sepal
Ib.
not triangular;
2
2a.
2b.
Petals linear or lanceolate-linear; lip finely denticulate D. heterothonaea Petals rhombic-ovate or elliptic-lanceolate; lip more or less denticulate.
D.
lloensis (D. gratissima)
Diothonea exasperata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 15: 107,
cealed
t.
Leafl.
Harvard
35. 1951.
Figure 73.
Plant slender, lax. Stem slender, simple or sparingly branched, entirely conby close, tubular leaf-sheaths. Leaves numerous (remaining only on the upper sheaths), distichous, narrowly linear or lanceolate-linear, abruptly rounded and apiculate at the apex, sessile and semiamplexicaul at the base, up to 8.5 cm. long and 5 mm. wide. Raceme terminal, nodding, short, with the slender rachis about 2.5 cm. long, subdensely 9-flowered. Flowers rather small, pinkish white. Sepals with numerous, prominent, uncinate or subconical appendages on the outer surface. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, subacute, about 9.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate, very oblique, acute, semiorbicular-dilated at the base in front, somewhat larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear or lanceolate-linear, abuptly acute, lightly subfalcate, a little shorter than the lateral sepals. Lip somewhat longer than the sepals, strongly adnate to the column with a complanatesemiglobose base; lamina pandurate-subquadrate, retuse to bilobed in front, broadly cuneate below, with denticulate-erose margins; disc with a short tri carinate callus near the base, about 12.8 mm. long. Column short, stout, with the wing on each side gradually dilated from the apex to the base.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, Vargas 4953.
Diothonea heterothonaea Reichb.

1854.
f.
&
Warsc. Bonpl.
2: 112.
Plant medium-sized, up to about 40 cm. long. Stems stout or slender, more or branched, lax, leafy, mostly concealed by tubular, evanescent leaf-sheaths. Leaves numerous, distichous, linear or lanceolate-linear, obtuse with a minutely bilobed and apiculate apex, spreading, about 5-8.5 cm. long and 5 mm. wide. Racemes short, pendulous, rather loosely few- (up to 13-) flowered. Flowers Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong ("linearmedium-sized, smooth. lanceolate"), acute, about 8-14 mm. long. Lateral sepals slightly larger, falcatePetals linear to lanceolate-linear, falcate, obtuse or acute, semiovate, acute.
less
DIOTHONEA
FIG. 73.
without
lip,
X 1%.
5,
Diothonea exasperata C. Schweinf. expanded; X 2. 3, column and lip from flower from side; X 1^.
1,
plants;
X M4, lip,
2,
flower
side;
X IK-
expanded;
382
383
subequaling the sepals, with the margins often irregular. Lip distinctly exceeding the rest of the perianth, rotundate-ovate, more or less 3-lobed near the apex, retuse, with the margins irregularly denticulate, up to about 9 mm. long. Column short, recurved above, with the lateral margins alate in front and entirely connate with the base of the lip.
s.n. (type).
Also Colombia.
The above
drawings with
diagnosis
was compiled from the
description,
from
floral analysis in
the Reichenbach Herbarium, and

this species.
from two Colombian collections referable to
1: 12. 1834; Rolfe, Diothonea gratissima Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 772. 1852; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11:
Diothonea lloensis
Ic. PI.
Lindl.
Hook. Journ. Bot.
Hook.
31:
t.
3012. 1915.
178. 1944.
Plant variable, epiphytic or terrestrial,
leafy, entirely concealed
tall,
stout,
commonly much branched,
tubular, striate leaf-sheaths, about 20-50 cm. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate to linear or linear-oblong, more or less narrowed to a bilob-
by
ulate apex, sessile, up to 11 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide but commonly much smaller. Inflorescences terminal on the stems or branches, short, more or less
pendulous, several- to many-flowered, 2-11 cm. long. Flowers membranaceous, pinkish red or brown to yellowish, medium-sized for the genus, smooth. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute or subacute, concave, 8.2-10 mm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, more or less distinctly carinate, a little larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals rhombic-ovate to elliptic-lanceolate,
obtuse to short-acuminate, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal but often broader. Lip markedly exceeding the other segments, adnate to the winged base of the column, the free part spreading or reflexed, suborbicular to round-obovate, subentire to distinctly 3-lobed above the middle with the broad apical portion more or less retuse, cuneate to rounded below, about 9-14 mm. in greatest length, the margins being irregular to minutely denticulate; disc with several more or less distinct short
Column short, stout, incurved, broadly winged, the wing gradually dilated from the apex to the base where adnate to the lip.
keels at the base.
"Peru"(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 144. 1921, as D. gratissima Reichb. f. Ecuador (type) and Colombia.
Diothonea nutans
(Lindl.) C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Har-
Hemiscleria nutans Lindl. Fol. Orch. Hemiscleria (1853) 1. Epidendrum Hemiscleria Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 383. 1862. Epidendrum rhopalorhachis Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1:180. 1905.
vard Univ. 11: 179. 1944.
Plant tall, epiphytic. Stem strict, stout, up to 60 cm. tall, leafy throughout, apparently entirely concealed by tubular leaf-sheaths about 2-6 cm. long. Leaves distichous, erect and appressed to the stem, oblong-lanceolate to linear-ligulate, obtuse to subacute, minutely serrulate-erose, up to 13.7 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide. Inflorescence nodding, terminal, clavate-thickened up to the stout rachis, about
384
30
equaling the subtending leaf; raceme short, densely many-flowered, about 2.7 cm. long, subglobose in outline when in flower. Flowers small, orange, smooth, with the pedicellate ovary about 3 cm. long. Dorsal sepal suborbicular-ovate, subacute, fleshy, concave, 5-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but slightly larger, apiculate.
Petals similar to the sepals but of thinner texture, broadly triangular-ovate, obtuse, rounded or subcordate at the base. Lip surpassing the rest of the perianth, 3-lobed, adnate to the lateral margins of the column at the base; lateral lobes minute, auriculiform; mid-lobe much larger, subquadrate to subquadrate-oblong (sometimes lightly cuneate), retuse and often apiculate; disc provided below with 3 thickened lines of which the median is much the largest. Column abbreviated, very stout.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews s.n. (type of Hemiscleria nutans). Prov. of Chachapoyas, 10 km. on trail from Leimebamba to
Chachapoyas, 3500 meters, in moist shaded places, Metcalf 30794.
In the vicinity of the Inca stronghold of Malca near Cuelap, south Chachapoyas, 2800 meters, in evergreen woods consisting of sclerophyllous and more delicate forms, Weberbauer 4311. Cajamarca: Chugur, northwest of Hualgayoc, 2700-2900 meters, in a mixture of trees and shrubs, Weberbauer 4100 (type of Epidendrumrhopalorhachis).
of
Diothonea suavis Reichb.

Stem
large
stout, branching,
f.
&
Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 112. 1854.

by tubular
leaf-sheaths.
more or
less
concealed
Leaves
Flowers
ligulate, obtuse, apiculate, distichous.
Raceme
several- (up to 9-) flowered.
and showy, sulphur-colored
in the dried specimen.
Sepals subequal, trian-
gular, subacute, the lateral ones with the forward
margin obliquely curved, about 4 cm. long. Petals elliptic-oblong, subacute. Lip cuneate-flabellate, lobulate in front, very minutely denticulate, adnate to the winged margins of the column below, the lower half of the disc traversed by 7 carinate-thickened nerves which are antrorsely serrulate. Column incurved, winged nearly to the apex.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. This description is a liberal translation of the original diagnosis.
I
have seen no material
of this species.
AMBLOSTOMA
A
is
Scheidw.
closely allied to the genus
very small group of tropical American epiphytes which is Epidendrum (section Euepidendrum) but
readily separated
by
its
subglobose, unappendaged pollinia.
Plants small to large, with a creeping rhizome (often not present in the dried Stems more or less stout, fusiform below where concealed by tubular, scarious sheaths, distichously several-leaved above. Leaves oblong-linear or (rarely) oblong, abruptly obtuse to bilobulate at the apex, sessile, spreading. Inflorescence racemose or more commonly loosely paniculate with spreading and often curving branches. Flowers small, loose or dense, very numerous. Sepals subequal, lanceolate-elliptic to oblong or obovate-oblong, concave, with the lateral ones lightly
specimen).
oblique.
Petals narrow, oblanceolate, linear-spatulate or oblong-spatulate.
Lip
385
adnate to the column up to its apex, forming an urceolate cup, the free portion of the lamina tripartite into narrow lobes. Column very short and broad, obliquely
dilated above, long-adnate to the
lip.
Pollinia 4, subglobose,
unappendaged.
Al. A2.
Pedicellate ovaries densely pubescent; lip with 3 or 5 distinct calli; infloresA. gracile var. robustum cence racemose, strict
Pedicellate ovaries glabrous; lip with 2 or 3 rescence usually an open panicle
more or
less distinct calli; inflo-
A. tridactylum (A. densum)
Amblostoma
Mus.
Leafl.
gracile Garay var. robustum C. Schweinf. Bot. Harvard Univ. 17: 42, t. 16. 1955. Figure 74.
Plant medium-sized, with a stout, creeping rhizome, relatively robust, up to about 33 cm. high (apex of raceme incomplete in the type specimen). Stems fusiform, approximate, entirely concealed nearly to the apex by several close, scarious, tubular, evanescent sheaths, 15-17.5 cm. long. Leaves 4, clustered near the apex of the stem, variable in shape and size, oblong-lanceolate to linear, narrowed above
an abrupt, subacute and apiculate or obtuse apex, slightly narrowed below to a clasping base, up to 12 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, strict, racemose, up to about 16 cm. long, subdensely many-flowered nearly to the
to
sessile,
base.
Pedicellate ovaries densely pubescent. Flowers very small, whitish green with pale brown sepals. Sepals and petals incurved. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, obtuse and apiculate, strongly concave, about 4.2 mm. long, very fleshy. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely elliptic-oblong and somewhat broader above, acute, deeply concave, slightly larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-linear, obtuse, a little shorter than the sepals, suboblique. Lip entirely adnate to the column; lamina
small, tripartite, about 1.3
partially concealed
mm.
long; lateral lobes obliquely obovate-subquadrate,
by an ovate-oblong lamina which is free along the front; midlobe slightly longer and narrower, ovate-oblong, subacute, with 3 narrow fleshy calli of which the central one is much the longest. Column relatively large, obliquely obovoid-infundibuliform when viewed from the side, with lacerate apical margins.
Agua Dulce, 1900
meters, in large clumps
on tree
in
low highland
forest,
Woytkowski 35476.
(Lindl.) Reichb.
f.
Amblostoma tridactylum
Walp. Ann.
6: 485.
1863; Reichb. f. Saund. Refug. Bot. 2, 1. 101. 1878; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 23, t. 7. 1898. Epidendrum tridactylum Lindl. Bot. Reg.
Amblostoma cernua Scheidw. Otto 24, Misc. 46, no. 81. 1838. Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 383. 1838. Amblostoma densum Reichb.
Xen. Orch.
3: 22. 1878.
&
f.
Plant medium-sized to large, variable, up to about 50 cm. or more high, with a stout creeping rhizome (often not present in the dried specimen). Stems fusiform, slender to rather stout, apparently subremote, erect or ascending, entirely
or mostly concealed
high,
by tubular, scarious, leaf-bearing sheaths, about 15-30 cm. sometimes 15 mm. thick in the middle. Leaves several, distichous, those present (4-6) on the upper part of the stem, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-linear or lanceolate-linear, erect or ascending, abruptly acute to rounded and apiculate at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 22 cm. long and 14 mm. wide. Inflorescence
AMBLOSTOMA
FIG. 74.
J^.
2, flower,
Amblostoma gracile Garay var. robustum C. Schweinf. expanded; X 5. 3, column and lip from side; X 6.
1,
plant;
386
387
usually very loosely paniculate (rarely racemose), the branches spreading, commonly arcuate or nodding, loosely or densely many-flowered and elongate. Pedicellate ovaries glabrous.
to reddish
Flowers small, rather fleshy, pale yellow or greenish yellow or dark purple, with spreading segments. Sepals and petals incurved. Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, concave, subacute to obtuse,
brown
about 3-5
vate, acute.
long. Lateral sepals subequally long but broader, obliquely oboPetals spatulate to oblong-cuneate, subacute to rounded at the apex. Lip adnate to the tip of the column; lamina tripartite, about 2-2.5 mm. long in the middle; lateral lobes divaricate, broadly oblong when expanded, with more or
mm.
involute margins (thus appearing linear), obtuse or retuse, suboblique; midlobe triangular to ovate-oblong, obtuse to acute, shorter than or subequaling the lateral lobes; disc with indistinct lateral calli adnate to the column and sometimes
less
thickened through the middle of the mid-lobe. undulate apical margins.
Column
infundibuliform, with
Amazonas: La Peca, northeast of Jaen, 1000 meters, epiphyte, brown with green tips, petals pale yellowish green, Woytkowski 37020. Cuzco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 145. 1921 (A. densum). Also Mexico (type of Amblostoma cernua), Brazil (type of Epidendrum tridactylum) and Bolivia (type of A. densepals reddish
sum).
HEXISEA
Small to medium-sized
Lindl.
American epiphytes. Stems caespitose, simple or branched, consisting of several superposed, terete or commonly thickened members which are unifoliate or bifoliate at the apex. Leaves narrow, obtuse or bilobulate, rigid, early deciduous in the lower part. Racemes terminal, few-flowered, the short peduncle concealed by imbricated sheaths. Flowers small to mediumsized, salmon, orange, red or purple. Segments campanulate or spreading. Sepals narrow, subequally long, the lateral sepals with a very short mentum. Petals similar to the sepals but somewhat smaller. Lip deeply adnate to the column, forming a saccate, erect base and a deflexed, simple or 3-lobed, mostly narrow lamina which is often similar to the other perianth-members. Column short, stout, forming a deep cup with the base of the lip, having a 3-lobed clinandrium. Anther opercular, incumbent, 2-celled. Pollinia 4, waxy, not compressed.
A
to
Panama,
small genus, extending from Mexico through Central America locally in the West Indies and in northern South America.
var.
Hexisea bidentata Lindl.

Lindl. Sert. Orch.
t.
imbricata
(Lindl.) C. Schweinf.

40,
fig. 1.
Diothonea imbricata
1841.
Epidendrum oppositifolium A.
Rich.
&
oppositifolia Reichb.
Gal. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 21, no. 46. 1845. Diothonea f. Linnaea 22: 842. 1849. Euothonaea imbricata
f.
Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 772. 1852. Euothonaea oppositifolia Reichb. Bot. Zeit. 10: 772. 1852. Hexisea imbricata Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 470. 1862. Hexisea oppositifolia Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 470.
1862.
388
30
Plant caespitose, 12.5-30 cm. or more tall. Stems suberect to arcuate, consisting of 3 or more superposed, more or less swollen members, which are longitudinally sulcate in the dried plant, either simple or branched at the nodes, concealed when
young by several imbricating sheaths which disappear in the course of development. Leaves arising from the apex of the stem-members, in pairs and subopposite (perhaps rarely
bilobulate
and
solitary), elliptic-oblong to linear-oblong or linear, obtuse to minutely apiculate, sessile at the cuneate complicate base, up to 10 cm. long
and 1.3 cm. wide, often very small (on the apical growths), rigid. Inflorescences very short, racemose, few-flowered, the peduncle concealed by scarious, imbricating sheaths. Flowers rather small, salmon pink (rarely) to scarlet. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute or short-acuminate, dorsally carinate at the apex, 12-15 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, oblong-lanceolate
to ovate-lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate, oblique at the base, slightly shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals narrowly to broadly oblong, sharply acute, distinctly shorter and narrower than the sepals. Lip adnate to the basal
part of the column, forming a deep sac or cup, above producing a spreading or
reflexed lamina; lamina ovate-oblong, subacute or acute, often with involute sides, adorned at the base by a pair of short approximate keels, about 8.2-10 mm. long, 3.6-4 mm. wide. Column very short and stout, 3-3.3 mm. long at the back, prom-
inently 3-toothed at the apex, with the lateral teeth larger, porrect and obliquely dolabriform.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Sahuayaco, epiphyte, 1550 meters, Vargas 6286. Also Mexico (type of Epidendrum oppositifolium) through Central America to Panama and British Guiana (type of Diothonea imbricata) and locally in Colombia.
LANIUM
A
(Lindl.)
Benth.
small epiphytic genus of northern South America, with an abbreviated or
long-creeping, sheathed and often branched rhizome. Stems more or less distant, short, either cylindric and distichously 2- to 8-leafed or pseudobulbous-abbreviated
and 2-leafed at the apex. Leaves subterete to oblong or broadly elliptic-ovate. Inflorescence commonly more or less surpassing the leaves, loosely few- to manyFlowers small, with spreading segments. Pediovary and sepals pubescent without. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, subacute to acuminate. Lateral sepals commonly broader, oblique, distinctly adnate to the column at the base. Petals linear, usually shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to the apex; lamina simple, ovate or rhombic, concave, sharply acute to acuminate. Column prominent, dilated upward in front, commonly terminating in a pair of angulate teeth or auricles. Anther
flowered, racemose or paniculate.
cellate
imposed
Al.
A2.
terminal, incumbent, 2-celled, with 4 ovoid-pyriform, unflattened pollinia in 2 superpairs. Two species have been found in Peru.
Stems pseudobulbous, 2-leafed at the apex; leaves broad and flat. .L. avicula Stems not pseudobulbous, distichously 2- to 8-leafed throughout; leaves narrow, fleshy, almost triquetrous
L. microphyllum
Lanium
avicula (Lindl.) Benth. Hook.
Ic. PI.
3, pt. 5: 26, t. 8, fig. 1.
14: 25, t. 1335. 1898. Epiden-

drum
avicula Lindl. (as E. avicule)
t.
389
3: 85. 1841;
Hook. Journ. Bot.

1-7. 1892.
Kranzl. Xen. Orch. 3: 84,
246,
figs. I, II,
Plant small, epiphytic, with a stout, creeping rhizome concealed by loose, scarious, imbricating sheaths. Stems more or less remote, abbreviated, pseudobulbousthickened (especially in age), about 1-3 cm. long, obliquely bifoliate at the apex.
sessile, spreading, flat, round-ovate to broadly elliptic, acute to rounded at the apex, about 1.5-3.2 (rarely 5) cm. long, up to 15 mm. wide. Inflorescences terminal, much exceeding the leaves, simply racemose to paniculate above, loosely
Leaves
several- to many-flowered, 6-16 cm. tall, with the peduncle, rachis, pedicellate ovary and outer surface of the sepals densely white-tomentose. Flowers small, with spreading segments, yellowish brown, pale greenish red, or yellowish green
sometimes spotted with red. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about 6-7.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals broadly lanceolate or ovatelanceolate, very oblique, complicate-acute, about as long as the dorsal sepal but
much
broader. Petals linear, broadest in the middle, acute or acuminate, lightly oblique, shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its upper portion; lamina rhombic-suborbicular or rhombic-ovate, acuminate, abruptly acute or triangular-apiculate, concave, about 4.5 mm. long, up to 4 mm. wide cuneate at the base, with the outer margins somewhat irregular.
dilated
when expanded, Column stout,
upward
:
in front, bidentate at the apex,
about 5
mm.
long at the back.
Junin Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 1800 meters, in large clumps on a dry rotten tree trunk in a sunny spot in the tall forest, Woytkowski 35491 Also Brazil (type of Epidendrum avicula)
.
.
Lanium microphyllum
1.
(Lindl.)
Benth. Hook.
Ic. PI. 14: 24,
1334. 1881; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 28. 1898. Epidendrum microphyllum Lindl. Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 85. 1841. Lanium peruvi-
anum
Schltr.
t.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 97. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert.
Beih. 57:
which
123, nr. 481. 1929.
Plant small, epiphytic, with an elongate, creeping, branched, rooting rhizome is concealed by loose, evanescent sheaths and produces more or less remote, short branches. Branches prostrate to erect-ascending, 1 to rarely 4 cm. long, closely concealed by imbricating leaf-sheaths. Leaves distichous, 4-8, spreading and often recurved in the dried plant, oblong-linear, very fleshy and almost triquetrous, up to 3 cm. long, acute and apiculate, clasping at the base. Inflorescence terminal, racemose above, loosely 2- to 8-flowered (up to 14 flowers shown in the drawing of the type), 2-7 cm. tall, more or less surpassing the leaves, with a pilose peduncle and rachis. Flowers small, green or purplish, with spreading segments. Sepals pilose without. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 3.5-7.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate, acuminate, equally long but distinctly wider than the dorsal sepal, obliquely adnate to the column at the base, lightly carinate above. Petals linear, broadest in the middle, acute or acuminate, usually somewhat shorter than the sepals, oblique. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, almost as long as the sepals; lamina simple, concave,
broadly or narrowly ovate, more or less abruptly acuminate, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, up to 4.7 mm. long and 3.8 mm. wide when expanded, with the margins of the lower portion more or less irregular; disc at the base with a pair
390
FIELDI ANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
of very small, complanate calli joined to the thickened middle line. Column conspicuous, dilated upward in front, terminating on each side in a broad, obliquely triangular tooth, up to 4 mm. long at the back.
Junin: La Merced, in the Chanchamayo Valley, 1000 meters, Weberbauer 1887 (type of L. peruvianum) Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1084- East of Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, 800-1300 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 23953. Rio Paucartambo Valley, near Perene Bridge, 700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25362. Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, on tree in dense forest, Klug 10026. Middle portion of Maranon River, San Isidro, at mouth of the Pastaza River, 135 meA rather variable little ters, on Crescentia cujete, Tessmann ^91+9.
.
from British Guiana (type of Epidendrum microand Surinam to Peru and Colombia. phyllum)
species extending
EPIDENDRUM
L.
The largest genus of neotropical orchids, extending from North Carolina (U.S.A.), through the West Indies and Central America to Argentina.
Plants epiphytic or more rarely terrestrial, very small to large and robust, up more tall, erect or creeping, with or without a conspicuous rhizome. Stems either thickened into subglobose or pyriform-cylindric pseudobulbs bearing leaves only at the summit, or slender, more or less leafy, and either simple or much
to 3 meters or
Leaves one to numerous, terete or flattened, varying from linear to rounded to long-acuminate at the apex. Inflorescence commonly terminal, rarely lateral from the leafy stem, simple (racemose or subumbellate) to diffusely paniculate, erect or nodding, one- to many-flowered. Flowers minute to large. Parts of the perianth more or less spreading. Petals usually much narrower than the sepals. Lip slightly adnate to the column or more commonly adnate to the column up to the apex of the latter, simple or 3-lobed, smooth or callose. Column short to long, wingless or prominently winged or auricled. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent, 2-celled. Pollinia 4, waxy, equal, in one series with 2 in each cell, more or less flattened.
branched.
oval,
Al.
Stems with true pseudobulbs or bulbous-thickened throughout, surrounded
by scarious non-leaf-bearing (often evanescent) sheaths; leaves one to borne at or near the summit of the pseudobulb. Section Encyclium
A2.
several
1
la.
Ib.
la.
Stems without true pseudobulbs, although sometimes thickened at the base or above; leaves usually several to numerous, distributed along the stem. 24 Section Euepidendrum 1 Lip free or very slightly adnate to the relatively elongate column 6 Lip strongly adnate to column, often joined to column up to its apex
E. Ottonis Lip simple, elongate; bracts large, strict, spathaceous Lip sharply 3-lobed, nearly as broad as long when expanded; bracts very 2 small, spreading
Ib.
1 Rarely exact reference to the vegetative growth of a species is lacking, but the floral details and the indicated relationship show the status of the species.

2a.
391
stout,
Lateral lobes of the lip rhombic, porrect; disc of the lip with a pair of low, E. thrombodes approximate calli below; anther deeply emarginate
2b.
3a.
Lateral lobes of the lip not rhombic or porrect; disc of the lip without a pair 3 of low, stout calli below
Posterior margin of the lateral lobes of the lip angulate or rounded-angulate lamina slightly retrorse; pedicellate ovary strongly papillose4 asperate Posterior margin of the lateral lobes of the lip without an angle in the mid5 dle, lamina commonly antrorse or spreading
in the middle,
3b.
4a.
Petals spatulate, obtuse; lip broadly rounded in front
E. microtos
4b.
5a.
Petals oblanceolate, acute; lip emarginate. E. cyperifolium (E. microtos var. grandiflorum) Lateral lobes of the lip falcate-triangular-lanceolate, acute E. sclerocladium
. .
5b.
Lateral lobes of the at the apex
lip
not falcate-triangular-lanceolate, obtuse to rounded E. oncidioides 1 var. gravidum (E. gravidum)

7
6a.
Pseudobulbs with one
leaf
6b.
7a.
Pseudobulbs with 2 or more leaves
15
8
7b.
8a.
Lamina Lamina
of the lip simple of the lip
more
or less 3-lobed
10
8b.
9a.
9b.
Sepals and petals long-acuminate; lamina of the lip cochleate, abruptly E. fragrans* acuminate Sepals and petals acute to obtuse; lamina of the lip subacute to obtuse. .9 Peduncle filiform, 0.75 mm. thick; ovary with a prominent, tubular vesicle; E. micro-Cattleya lip oblong or elliptic Peduncles stout, 1.5 mm. or more thick; ovary without a prominent, tubular E. saxicola vesicle; lip rotunda te-cordate or pentangular
.
lOa.
lOb.
11 a. lib.
12a.
Lobing Lobing
of the lip shallow of the lip
and often
indistinct
E. saxicola
11
deep and distinct
Flowers very large, lateral sepals 3.5 cm. or more long; lateral lobes of the E. ciliare 3 lip long-ciliate Flowers medium-sized to small, lateral sepals 1.5 cm. or lobes of the lip dentate to entire
less long; lateral
12
(30- or more-)
Raceme
flowered
elongate,
much
surpassing the
leaf,
densely
many-
12b.
13a. 13b.
14a.
Raceme abbreviated, few- (10- or less-) flowered Rhizome long-creeping; petals slightly broader than
E. parvilabre 13
the sepals.
E. monzonense
Rhizome apparently abbreviated; petals much narrower than the sepals Raceme subtended by a prominent spathe; mid-lobe of the lip bilobed.
14
E. unifoliatum*
1 Some forms of the polymorphic E. oncidioides from Central America have ovate-lanceolate lateral lobes of the lip (similar to those of E. thrombodes), but they lack the pair of approximate calli on the disc of the lip.
Very rarely the pseudobulbs
of this species bear 2 leaves.
leaf is evident.
4
This species usually has 2 or 3 leaves on the pseudobulb, but rarely a single Accordingly, the concept is included in this branch of the key also.
it it
may
This concept, of which I have seen no example, is of uncertain affinity; be referred to Encydium or to Euepidendrum. Therefore, I have included in both sections of the key.
392
14b.
15a.

Raceme not subtended by a spathe; mid-lobe of
Lamina Lamina
within
30
the lip acute or acuminate.
E. breviracemum
of the lip simple, rarely obscurely lobulate of the lip 3-lobed
16 18
15b.
16a.
Inflorescence many-flowered; sepals obovate-oblong, very fleshy, maculate E. crassilabium (E. variegatum, E. saccharatum)
16b.
17a.
Inflorescence 1- to 2-flowered; sepals ovate to oblong or elliptic-oblong, 17 apparently neither very fleshy nor maculate
Pseudobulbs small, about 12

ovate; lip naked, serrulate
mm.
or less long; leaves very acute; sepals E. serpens
17b.
larger, 30 mm. or more long; leaves obtuse to rounded at the apex; sepals oblong or elliptic-oblong; lip bituberculate or bicallose at the base E. Harmsianum
Pseudobulbs
18a.
18b.
19a.
19b.
20a.
20b.
21a.
19 Lip adnate to the column up to the apical part Lip adnate to the lower part or up to the middle part of the column; lateral lobes entire; column short, prominently 3-toothed or 3-lobed at the apex. .22 Rhizome elongate, with more or less remote pseudobulbs; mid-lobe of the lip narrowly triangular or linear-triangular; inflorescence abbreviated. E. pygmaeum (Hormidium pseudopygmaeum, Hormidium tripterum) Rhizome apparently abbreviated, with approximate pseudobulbs 20 Plant large, 50 cm. or more tall; rachis stout, paniculate, with several to E. polystachyum many lateral racemes 21 Plant small, 18 cm. or less tall; rachis slender, simply racemose
ered,
(1.4 cm. or less wide), cuneate below; raceme loosely flowE. rupestre surpassing the leaves Leaves broad (2 cm. or more wide), subcordate below; raceme congested, equaling or shorter than the leaves if the latter were extended.
Leaves narrow
much
21b.
E. breviracemum
22a.
Petals acuminate, scarcely broader above the middle; lateral lobes of the lip more or less recurved; mid-lobe of the lip triangular-acuminate.
E. grammatoglossum
22b.
23a.
Petals acute to obtuse, distinctly broader above the middle; lateral lobes of the lip not recurved; mid-lobe of the lip ovate or ovate-quadrate, acute ... 23
mm. or less wide above; lateral sepals obtuse to shortly acute; lateral lobes of the lip markedly smaller than the mid-lobe.
Flowers small, petals 2.5
E. Feddeanum
23b.
Flowers larger, petals 4
mm.
or
more wide above;
lateral sepals short-acumi-
nate; lateral lobes of the lip about equaling the mid-lobe.

24a.
Lip simple, obscurely lobulate or bilobed
E. Hartwegii (E. fuscum) 25
24b.
25a.
25b.
26a.
88 Lip 3-lobed or 3-lobulate (rarely 4-lobed) 26 Inflorescences on short, lateral, naked branches on the leafy stem 27 Inflorescences terminal, often at the apex of leafy branches Lip suborbicular-cordate, about as broad as long, with 2 calli at the base; E. aggregatum sepals about 1.3 cm. long
26b.
27a.
27b.
1
Lip rotund-reniform, distinctly broader than long, with a central keel beE. pleurobotrys tween the 2 basal calli; sepals about 1 cm. long 28 Blade of the leaf not articulated to the sheathing base 30 Blade of the leaf articulated to the sheath
This species sometimes has a bifoliate pseudobulb.

28a.
393
Plant relatively large, stems 15 cm. or more tall; leaves distinctly separated (i.e., the bases not imbricating); flowers numerous, capitate. E, capitellatum Plant small, stems 6 cm. or
less tall; leaves approximate, with the sheathing bases imbricating; flowers 1 or 2 29 Rhizome short or apparently wanting; petals distinctly narrower than the E. Schlechterianum (Nanodes discolor, E. brevicaule) dorsal sepal
28b.
29a.
29b.
30a.
3 Ob.
Rhizome
sepal
elongate, flexuous; petals nearly or quite as broad as the dorsal E, longirepens (E. Schlechterianum var. longirepens)
31a.
Flowers solitary or several in a congested, subumbellate raceme Flowers neither solitary nor few and congested-subumbellate Lamina of the lip transverse (broader than long), commonly reniform transversely oval, often with a cordate base
31 41
to
32
31b.
32a.
Lamina
of the lip
and broad
not transverse, longer than broad or about equally long 34

least
Raceme peduncled (at much branched above
when mature), nodding
or spreading; stems E. soratae
32b.
33a.
33b.
34a.
34b.
35a.
Racemes sessile, erect 33 Stems much branched; upper leaves strongly falcate E. vesicicaule Stems simple; leaves not falcate E. difforme (E. latilabre) Lower part of the lip conspicuously lacerate-dentate E. laceratum Lower part of the lip minutely denticulate or entire 35 Margin of the leaves and of the perianth-segments (especially the lip) miE. minutidentatum nutely denticulate Margin of the leaves and of the perianth-segments entire (rarely the lip is 36 microscopically ciliolate) Lamina of the lip broadly oval to subrotund, broadest near the middle ... 37
35b.
36a.
36b.
37a.
Lamina
of the lip ovate or ovate-triangular, broadest near the base
38
Flowers large, 1-4, sepals 2.5-3.2 cm. long; petals similar to the sepals; column free from the lateral sepals above E. Scutella (E. platyoon) Flowers smaller, always solitary, sepals about 1.5 cm. or less long; petals much narrower than the sepals; column entirely adnate to the lateral E. Porpax (E. Mathewsii, E. gnomus) sepals
37b.
38a.
Stems densely leaved; flower
solitary;
ovary without a tubular sac above. E. brevicaule

39
38b.
39a.
Stems loosely leaved; flowers 2 to several; ovary with a tubular or ventricose sac
39b.
40a.
Plant without a long-creeping rhizome or repent leafless portion; stem commonly divaricately branched throughout (rarely simple) floral bracts large, E. strobiliferum spathaceous, very conspicuous Plant with a long-creeping rhizome or repent leafless portion; floral bracts 40 minute
;
40b.
41a.
1
with a thickened median line. E. macrogastrium 1 Leaves commonly 4 to 7 to a stem, about 1.5 cm. or more wide; petals E. megagastrium acute 42 Lamina of the lip denticulate to fimbriate or lacerate
Leaves
1 or 2, 1
cm. wide; petals obtuse;
lip
The
position of this species in the
key was based
solely
on the description, as
have seen no other record.
394
41b.

Lamina
margin
of the lip neither denticulate, lacerate,
is
30
nor fimbriate (rarely the

51
irregular or crenulate)
42a.
42b.
43a.
43b.
44a.
Bracts of the inflorescence large, paleaceous, erect E. arundinaceum Bracts of the inflorescence commonly small, inconspicuous, and more or less 43 spreading Petals broader than the sepals, rhombic-lanceolate or rhombic-oblanceolate; lower margins of the lamina of the lip lacerate or sharp-dentate. E. imatophyllum Petals markedly narrower than the sepals, oblanceolate-oblong or oblanceo44 late-linear
Lamina Lamina
of the lip broadly obovate-oblong; half concealed by the upper leaves of the lip
raceme loosely
3- to 4-flowered,
44b.
45a.
not obovate,
i.e.,
commonly broadest near
the middle; raceme (or panicle) usually many-flowered and outer surface of the sepals densely muricate; leaves E. muricatum elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate
Pedicellate ovary Pedicellate ovary
E. gastrochilum the base or in 45
45b.
46a.
46b.
47a.
46 and outer surface of the sepals glabrous Plant robust and stout, sheathed stems near the base about 10 mm. or more 47 in diameter; leaves broadly oblong, elliptic-oblong or oval Plant slender, sheathed stems near the base about 6 mm. or less in di48 ameter; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate Leaves oblong-elliptic or oval, broadly rounded above, chartaceous, spreadE. refractoides ing; panicle virgate, with few-flowered, erect branches
47b.
48a.
Leaves oblong, prominently bilobed above, fleshy-coriaceous, erect or ascending; panicle spreading, with many-flowered branches. .E. densifolium Herb small, leaves 5.5 cm. or less long; lip transverse (broader than long) 49
.
48b.
49a.
50 7-16 cm. long; lip not transverse Inflorescence a divaricately branched panicle with distant flowers; floral E. vincentinum (E. serricardium) bracts minute
larger, leaves
Herb
49b.
Inflorescence racemose (very rarely with a single side branch) with more or less approximate flowers; floral bracts conspicuous, ovate to triangularE. fimbriatum lanceolate
50a.
Leaves 8
mm.
or less wide; sepals 7-8
50b.
51 a. 51b.
52a.
Leaves 12-16
mm.
wide; sepals 10-15
mm. mm.
long
long.
E. blepharichilum
Peduncle invested by several close, tubular, scarious sheaths Peduncle not invested by close, tubular sheaths
Leaf solitary, erect, elongate;
callus
lip
E. blepharichilum var. majus 52 55
mostly occupied by a large 5-lobulate E. magnicallosum
52b.
53a.
Leaves several to numerous, distichous, often short; lip either bicallose at the base
naked or
53
53b.
54a.
54b.
55a.
Ovary with a conspicuous saccate vesicle at the summit just below the lip; E. prostratum leaves small, up to 4 cm. long 54 Ovary without a saccate vesicle; leaves larger, 5-20 cm. long Stem flattened (except near the base); leaves neither fleshy nor vernicose, broadest in the middle or above the middle; lamina of the lip without a pair E. anceps of basal calli Stem terete; leaves fleshy, vernicose, commonly broadest below the middle; E. rectopedunculatum lamina of the lip with a pair of basal fleshy calli 56 Leaves apparently subterete or semiterete; plants small

55b.
56a.
395
Leaves with flattened blades; plants commonly large 58 Stems simple, or branched at the very base, more or less caespitose; inflorescence not subtended by a conspicuous erect spathe; flowers or flowerclusters distant on a strongly fractiflex rachis; lip transverse 57
56b.
Stem loosely branched above; inflorescence subtended by a conspicuous, erect spathe, flowers loose on a straight or lightly flexuous rachis; lip not transverse E. minutiflorum
Plant about 11 cm. or less high; leaves 3.5 cm. or branches abbreviated or obscure
less long; flower-bearing
57a.
E. Schlimii
57b.
Plant about 16 cm. or more high; leaves commonly 4 cm. or more long; flower-bearing branches distinct, several-flowered. E. Schlimii var. gracillimum (E. gracillimum)
Flower-cluster subtended
58a.
by one
or
more conspicuous spathes which are

59
erect spathes dissimilar to the
usually erect and larger than the floral bracts

58b.
59a.
Flower-cluster not subtended floral bracts
by conspicuous,
66 60
Inflorescence a strongly arcuate or nodding flower-cluster Inflorescence
59b.
60a.
Plant stout,
an erect or suberect raceme 61 stems about 10 mm. thick, simple; inflorescence paniculate.
E. frigidum (E. macrodonax)
Plant slender, stem 4 commonly racemose
mm.
or less thick, simple or branching; inflorescence E. frigidum var. stenophyton (E. stenophyton)
Floral bracts large, conspicuous, conduplicate, pedicellate ovary Floral bracts very small
late
more
or less surpassing the E. coriifolium

pedicel-
and inconspicuous, much shorter than the
ovary
62
Lip strongly emarginate; flower large, lateral sepals commonly 15
mm.
more long
Lip not emarginate; flowers smaller, lateral sepals 14
long
or 63
mm.
or
much
less
64
solitary,
Leaves short, oblong-elliptic to oval; spathe

(5 or less),
submembranaceous
very broad; flowers few E. orbiculatum
2, narrow; flowers numerous (12 or E. grandiflorum more), coriaceous Disc of the lip with a large central callus; petals spatulate, rounded to acute at the apex E. mancum
Leaves elongate, linear-oblong; spathes
64b.
65a.
Disc of the
lip
with 2 basal
calli;
petals linear or slightly broader
above .65
.
65b.
66a.
Lamina Lamina
of the lip linear-oblong, obtuse of the lip cordate, acute
E. adenoglossum
E. ventricosum (E. pachygastrium) 67
70
Inflorescence paniculate
66b.
67a.
Inflorescence racemose
of the panicle slender, elongate and erect or widely spreading; flowers minute. .E. micranthum (Amblostoma holochilum)
Leaves long-acuminate; branches
67b.
68a.
Leaves acute; branches

arcuate or recurved
of the panicle usually stout

less in
and
short,
more
or less
68
Plant slender; sheathed stem 3 mm. or leaves linear, 6.6 cm. or less long, 4.5 few-branched
mm.
diameter, usually branching; or less wide; panicle slender,
E. gramineum 1
1 The characters assigned to E. gramineum were are apparently referable to this species.
drawn from
collections
which
396
68b.
69a.
30
Plant stout; sheathed stem 4.5 mm. or more in diameter; leaves ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 10 mm. or more wide 69
Stem with
short, erect branches near the base; leaf-sheaths merely rugose (not pustulose); panicle with few, not recurved, branches; sepals 8.2 mm. or more long E. aquaticoides
69b.
70a.
Stem simple;
leaf-sheaths pustulose above; panicle with numerous, recurved branches; sepals about 6 mm. or less long E.frutex Disc of the lip with a V-shaped callus at or near the base; plant much branched E. ramosum
70b.
71a.
Disc of the
lip
without a V-shaped callus
71
Floral bracts conspicuous, broad and spathe-like or ancipitous, dorsally cari72 nate, erect and clasping the pedicellate ovary Floral bracts inconspicuous, neither spathaceous nor ancipitous,
71b.
72a.
commonly
74
wide-spreading
72b.
73a.
Stems much branched, from an abbreviated rhizome; floral bracts scarious; E. strobiliferum lip strongly narrowed toward the apex Stems simple, from a more or less elongate rhizome; floral bracts foliaceous; 73 lip not strongly narrowed toward the apex
of the lip cordate-ovate to suborbicular, not transverse, 5.5 mm. or E. rigidum wide; lateral sepals entirely ecarinate Lamina of the lip cordate-reniform, transverse, 1.2 cm. or more wide; lateral E. coriifolium sepals with a serrate keel near the apex
Lamina
less
73b.
74a.
Lamina of the lip not distinctly narrowed toward the front, truncate
at the apex
or retuse
75
74b.
75a.
Lamina
of the lip distinctly
narrowed toward the front
78
75b. 76a.
76b.
76 Stems uniformly leafy throughout Stems and branches leafless below; leaves very variable in size, the upper 77 ones approximate and commonly 5-17 cm. long, flat Leaves small, 3.7 cm. or less long, equitant in the dried specimen .E. ardens Leaves relatively large, 5.7-15 cm. long, flat .E. inamoenum var. robustum
.
11 a.
lib.
78a.
Petals oblanceolate-linear or elliptic-linear, acute or subacute; lamina of the E. nephroglossum lip glabrous on both surfaces
Petals broadly cuneate-spatulate, obtuse to rounded at the apex; lamina of the lip densely cellular-papillose on both surfaces E. latisegmentum
Flowers membranaceous; lamina of the each side
lip lightly
indented or retuse on 79
.
78b.
79a.
Flowers fleshy or coriaceous; lamina of the
lip
not indented on each side
80
Stem simple or nearly

late
so; flowers greenish-yellow; lip conspicuously apic-
E. subreniforme
short, strict branches; flowers rose-purple; lip without E. subreniforme var. ramosum
79b.
80a.
Stem with numerous,

an apicule
80b.
81a.
Raceme nodding or strongly reflexed Raceme erect or suberect, very rarely somewhat
Leaves
elliptic; flowers relatively large,
81
arcuate
83
lip replicate.
about
1.7
cm. long;
E. sarcostalix
81b.
82a.
Leaves linear or lanceolate-linear; flowers small, about 8.5 lip concave

Flowers 7-8.5 above
mm.
or less long;
82
mm.
long; lateral sepals with a prominent denticulate keel E. frigidum var. stenophyton (E. stenophyton)

82b.
83a.
397
Flowers 4.8
keel
mm.
or less long; lateral sepals without a prominent denticulate
E. gramineum 1
83b.
84a.
Flowers small, sepals 8 mm. or less long; lamina of the lip subcuneate to rounded at the base, shortly bicarinate near the base. E. fimbriatum var. rhomboglossum (E. rhomboglossum, E. integrilabium) Flowers larger, sepals (when mature) 10 mm. or more long; lamina of the lip cordate or cordate-truncate at the base, either naked or bicallose below. 84
.
Leaves
strict (rarely strictly ascending), small
(up to 5 cm. long), the mar-
gins entirely cartilaginous-erose.
84b.
85a.
85b. 86a.
E. pachychilum (E. aquaticoides var. pusillum) Leaves conspicuously spreading, mostly larger, the margins chiefly entire 85 Inflorescence shorter than the uppermost leaf; leaves obtuse, not narrowed to an acute apex E. xylostachyum Inflorescence longer than the uppermost leaf, usually much so; leaves acute. 86
. . .
Leaves elliptic to oval (rarely elliptic-oblong); anther long-rostrate; petals 7. rostrigerum narrowly linear Leaves oblong-lanceolate; anther not long-rostrate; petals not narrowly 87 linear
Petals elliptic-lanceolate, a thickened median line
little
narrower than the sepals;
lip
provided with E. dermatanthum
out a thickened median line
Petals linear to elliptic-linear, markedly narrower than the sepals; lip withE. rigidiflorum
Inflorescences lateral, consisting of naked racemes on the leafy stem .... 89

Inflorescences terminal (often at the apex of short lateral branches) .... 90
Lateral lobes of the lip irregularly erose; mid-lobe of the lip obovate-reniform; petals spatulate or linear-spa tulate; column nearly straight. E. bambusiforme Lateral lobes of the lip entire; mid-lobe of the lip subquadrate; petals linear or oblanceolate-linear; column strongly deflexed in the middle. .E. exaltatum
Peduncle below the inflorescence enveloped by several to many close sheaths which are commonly tubular and scarious; if the close sheaths are condu pli91 cate, the peduncle is commonly strongly ancipitous Peduncle below the inflorescence not enveloped by several close, tubular, scarious sheaths; whatever sheaths occur are loose and commonly condupli113 cate, spathaceous and usually more or less spreading 92 Basal portion of the lamina of the lip with entire margins
Basal portion of the lamina of the
lip
crenulate to lacerate or lobulate ... 94

i.e.,
Flower-clusters densely flowered; mid-lobe of the lip transverse, than long
broader 93
Flower-clusters very loosely flowered; mid-lobe of the lip not transverse, triangular-linear to narrowly deltoid, very fleshy. E. yatapuense (E. laxum, E. macrothyrsis)
Peduncle terete or nearly so; disc of the

thickly fleshy, vernicose
lip bicallose at
the base; leaves
Peduncle ancipitous; disc of the

ceous, dull
lip
E. rectopedunculatum ecallose; leaves subcoriaceous to coriaE. anceps
Apex
of the lip terminating in a pair of linear, spreading lobules; inflorescence a divaricate, loosely flowered panicle E. capricornu
This species very rarely has simple racemes.
398
94b.
95a.

Apex
30
of the lip not terminating in a pair of linear, spreading lobules; inflorescence racemose or paniculate, commonly with densely flowered clusters. .95
Disc of the Disc of the
lip
between the basal

95b.
96a.
lip
with a solitary, prominent central keel or thickened line calli 96

calli
without a solitary, prominent central keel or thickened line

101
lip
between the basal

transverse,
Stem bulbose-thickened or fusiform-thickened at the base;
conspicuously
96b.
97a.
i.e., much broader than long. E, Funkii (E. brachydadium, E. crassipes, E. brachycladium var. crassipes) Stem not noticeably thickened at the base; lip not conspicuously transverse, 97 i.e., at most but little broader than long
97b.
Leaves linear or linear-oblong; petals twice as broad as the sepals; lateral lobes of the lip dwarf, often indistinct E. imatophyllum Leaves oblong to oval; petals at most little broader than the sepals; lateral lobes of the lip well-developed, i.e., nearly as large as or larger than the
mid-lobe
98
Lateral lobes of the lip deeply laciniate-incised; mid-lobe of the lip noticeE. cinnabarinum ably smaller, contracted below the apex
Lateral lobes of the lip dentate to shallowly incised; mid-lobe of the lip usu99 ally subequally large
98a.
98b.
99a.
Mid-lobe of the
dilation
lip sessile
or without a prominent claw below the apical E. ibaguense var. confluens (E. fulgens, E. calanthum, E. paytense, E. Filomenoi)
.
99b.
lOOa.
Mid-lobe of the
lip
with a prominent claw below the apical dilation.
100
Sepals and petals obtuse to acute; apex of the mid-lobe of the lip obtuse or retuse and without a prominent apicule. E. ibaguense (E. radicans, E. decipiens, E. huanucoense) Sepals and petals acuminate; apex of the mid-lobe of the lip acute or with a conspicuous apicule. .E. ibaguense var. Schomburgkii (E. Schomburgkii)
.
lOOb.
lOla.
lOlb.
102a.
102 Lip with 2 or 3 keels or fleshy ridges above the base without keels or fleshy ridges, but provided with variously shaped calli Lip below 105
Mid-lobe of the
lip
rhombic, strongly acute; sepals 2 cm. or more long. E. Weberbauerianum
102b.
103a.
Mid-lobe of the lip oblong-obovate to obcordate, deeply bilobed; sepals 103 1.5 cm. or less long
lip strongly reflexed, oval in outline; mid-lobe oblongobovate, clawed, with the apical lobules porrect; flowers scarlet and E. reflexilobum yellow Lateral lobes of the lip not reflexed, subquadrate or cuneate to dolabriform; 104 mid-lobe obcordate, with the apical lobules spreading; flowers purple
Lateral lobes of the
103b.
104a.
Petals elliptic-lanceolate, 14 Petals oblong-obovate, 8-12
104b.
105a.
Mid-lobe of the Mid-lobe of the
lip entire,
long not transverse
mm. mm.
long
E. tricarinatum
E. macrocyphum E. catillus
dilated above
105b.
106a.
lip
crenate to lacerate,
commonly
106
106b.
107a.
E. panchrysum Mid-lobe not ligulate-cuneate, apex usually truncate to retuse or bilobed. 107 108 Callus of the lip spreading onto the lateral lobes
Mid-lobe ligulate-cuneate, 5-dentate in front
107b.
Callus of the
lip
not spreading onto the lateral lobes
Ill

108a.
399
Mid-lobe
of the lip 4-lobed; lateral divisions of the callus prostrate
on the
lateral lobes
E. tricrure
108b.
109a.
Mid-lobe of the lip simple or more commonly bilobed; lateral divisions of 109 the callus not markedly prostrate
109b.
llOa.
11 Ob.
Lobes of the lip dentate-crenate; mid-lobe middle of the mid-lobe Lobes of the lip sharp-dentate to lacerate
of the callus
about reaching the E. haematanthum

110
Callus of the lip relatively very large, almost reaching the apex of the midE. cochlidium lobe, concave
markedly concave
Ilia.
Callus of the lip smaller, not approaching the apex of the mid-lobe, not E. dichotomum 1 (E. brachyphyllum, E. Lindenii, E. cuzcoense, E. tarmense, E. inconstans)
Lateral lobes of the lip retrorse; flowers fleshy Lateral lobes of the lip not retrorse
E. Giroudianum
112
lllb.
112a.
Callus of the lip hippocrepiform, lobulate, depressed; flowers small, sepals about 6 mm. long; lateral lobes of the lip obliquely triangular-ovate.
E. gracilicaule
112b.
Callus of the lip not hippocrepiform, ovate or ovate-oblong in outline; flowers commonly larger; lateral lobes of the lip not triangular-ovate.
E. xanthinum 2
113a.
Flower-cluster 1-flowered or subumbellate with an abbreviated rachis.
114
113b.
114a.
Flower-cluster neither 1-flowered nor subumbellate, either racemose or 124 paniculate, with a distinct rachis
Mid-lobe of the
Mid-lobe of the
lip linear to lip
lanceolate
115
114b.
115a.
not linear to lanceolate
118
115b.
116a.
Plant dwarf, 7.5 cm. or less high; stems commonly much branched; leaves E. nanum horizontally spreading Plant tall, 14 cm. or much more high (including the flowers); stems always 116 simple; leaves not horizontally spreading
lip
deeply lacerate-fimbriate
E. criniferum
116b.
117a.
lip
not deeply lacerate-fimbriate, at most denticulate. .117

elliptic-linear, strict; sepals 2.5-3.5
Plant slender; leaves linear to
cm. long.
longicolle)
E. nocturnum var. minus (E.

lllb.
118a.
Plant usually stout; leaves oblong to oval, spreading; sepals mostly 4 cm. or more long E. nocturnum Plant dwarf, up to 4.5 cm. tall; lower portion of the lip lacerate-dentate. E. laceratum
Plant not dwarf; lower portion of the
lip
118b.
119a.
more
or less entire
119
119b.
1
Lip longer than broad (not transverse); mid-lobe ovate. E. geminiflorum (E. cajamarcae) 120 Lip broader than long (transverse)
and
This concept is very variable in respect to the degree of laceration of the lip to the size and lobing of the callus and may prove to include E. cochlidium. In similar status appear to be E. tricrure and E. haematanthum. However, since we lack typical material of these concepts, it seems unwise to attempt reduction.
2 This species probably includes the concepts E. incisum Reichb. f. & Warsc., E. xytriophorum Reichb. f. & Warsc. and E. macropodum Reichb. f., which, although represented in the Ames herbarium by records of the type collections with floral analyses, seem to defy satisfactory separation.
400
120a.
30
120b.
121a.
121b.
122a.
Stems branched (commonly much so); racemes numerous, peduncled, 121 spreading or nodding 122 Stems simple, commonly caespitose; racemes solitary Lobes of the lip more or less obtuse, with the mid-lobe retuse .E. soratae Lobes of the lip acute, subequal E. physopus
.
122b.
123a.
Leaf solitary Leaves several to numerous
E. unifoliatum 123
123b.
124a.
Flowers congested, without a distinct rachis Flowers not congested, with a distinct, if short, rachis
E. difforme E. inamoenum
Lower portion
lacerate
of the
lamina of the
lip
deeply divided to fimbriate or 125

to fimbriate
. .
124b.
125a.
125b.
126a.
Lower portion of the lamina of the lip not deeply divided Lamina of the lip subsimple to trilobulate Lamina of the lip deeply 3- or more-lobed
Plant slender, leaves 8 Plant stout, leaves 12
128
126
127
mm.
or less wide; lateral sepals 7-8
mm.
long.
E. blepharichilum
126b.
127a.
mm.
or
more wide;
lateral sepals
10-15
mm.
long.
E. blepharichilum var. majus

Sepals acuminate; terminal lobe of the
lip
narrowly linear and entire. E. criniferum
127b.
128a.
Sepals obtuse to acute; terminal lobe of the lip cuneate and bilobed at the E. cristatum (E. raniferum, E. validum) apex Bracts of the inflorescence large, papyraceous and imbricating, concealing E. arundinaceum the rachis; lip subtrilobed, altogether crenate
128b.
129a.
Bracts of the inflorescence neither large and papyraceous, nor imbricating, 129 nor concealing the rachis
129b.
Peduncle without sheaths below the inflorescence, sometimes with a few 130 inconspicuous bracts Peduncle with one or more loose sheaths or spathes (usually prominent) below the inflorescence; sometimes these are evanescent (cf. E. gladi150 atum)
130a.
130b.
131a.
13 Ib.
132a.
much broader than long 131 not transverse, i.e., longer than broad 137 132 Anterior portion of the lip much narrower than the basal portion Anterior portion of the lip almost as broad as the basal portion or broader. 134
Mid-lobe of the
lip transverse, i.e.,
Mid-lobe of the
lip
132b.
133a.
Lip adnate to the column only at the base; leaves linear. .E. subliberum Lip adnate to the column nearly or quite to the apex; leaves oblong to 133 elliptic
. .
133b.
134a.
longer than the leaves, loosely paniculate and manyE. crassum flowered; lamina of the lip more or less distinctly 3-lobed Inflorescence abbreviated, subequaling the leaves or shorter, racemose and E. subreniforme few-flowered; lamina of the lip subsimple Disc of the lip traversed by 3 approximate, fleshy keels or ridges produced between the 2 basal calli; mid-lobe extended into a pair of widely diverging 135 to retrorse narrow lobules
Inflorescence
much
1 It seems highly probable that this concept is synonymous with the variable E. soratae, but without a chance to examine actual flowers, reduction appears unwise.

134b.
135a.
401
Disc of the lip not traversed by 3 approximate, fleshy ridges; mid-lobe not 136 extended into a pair of narrow lobules
Flowers relatively large, sepals 8.2 Flowers very small, sepals 5
mm. or more long; basal callus bilobed.

E. paniculatum (E. floribundum)
long; basal callus trilobulate. E. paniculatum var. linearifoUum
135b.
136a.
mm.
Leaves linear, 18 cm. or more long; racemes arcuate-decurved, much shorter E. bambusaceum than the upper leaves; petals elliptic Leaves ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 3.5 cm. or less long; racemes erect, .E. Philippii surpassing the upper leaves; petals narrowly oblanceolate 138 Pedicellate ovary tomentose
1
.
.
136b.
137a.
137b.
138a.
Pedicellate ovary glabrous
139
Leaves shortly oblong or elliptic-oblong; floral bracts about half as long as the pedicellate ovary or more; mid-lobe of the lip slightly broader than long
(near the apex)
E. pubiflorum
floral
138b.
Leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate;
shorter than the pedicellate ovary; mid-lobe of the lip distinctly longer than broad. E. lanipes
bracts
much
139a.
Rachis of the raceme ancipitous below; leaves confined to the upper por140 tions of the stems or branches Rachis of the raceme (or panicle) not ancipitous below; leaves commonly 141 distributed throughout the stem Floral bracts many times shorter than the pedicellate ovary; flowers memE. oligophyllum branaceous; mid-lobe of the lip well developed Floral bracts equaling the pedicellate ovary; flowers very coriaceous; midE. Lechleri* lobe of the lip reduced to a small tooth
Inflorescence paniculate
139b.
140a.
140b.
141a.
142
141b.
142a.
144
of the lip
Leaves elongate-linear; stem fusiform; mid-lobe with an acute apex
narrowed above
E. purum
142b.
143a.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate; stem not fusiform; mid-lobe of the lip 143 truncate or retuse (and often apiculate) above
Leaf-sheaths glabrous; sepals about 15
mm.
or
more
long.
143b.
144a.
E. Haenkeanum (E. juninense) Leaf-sheaths conspicuously rough or pustulose; sepals about 9 mm. or less E. scabrum (E. cardiophyllum) long
Sheathed stems conspicuously pustulose-scabrous; leaves ovate to ovateE. scabrum lanceolate, sharply acute or short-acuminate
Sheathed stems not pustulose (at most rugose); leaves not ovate, lanceolate then strongly obtuse
Lateral sepals terminating in a long, fleshy cusp Lateral sepals not terminating in a long cusp
if
144b.
145a.
ovate145
E. biroslratum
146
145b.
146a.
146b.
1
Flowers relatively large, sepals 16 Flowers relatively small, sepals 11
mm. or more long mm. or less long
147 148
of the
The
Of
position of this species in the
key was determined from a record

in
type in the Reichenbach Herbarium.

2
this species I
have seen only a rough drawing
which the
floral details
are obscure.
402
147a.
30
Petals much narrower than the sepals; mid-lobe of the lip the lateral lobes
much
larger than
E. elatum
147b.
148a.
Petals about as broad as the sepals or broader; mid-lobe of the lip much smaller than the lateral lobes E. inamoenum var. robustum
148b.
149a.
Stems simple, stout (commonly 6 mm. or more across the leaf-sheaths) lip with a pair of fleshy ridges below and a median thickening above. E. inamoenum Stems branched (commonly much so), slender (about 5 mm. or less across
;
the leaf-sheaths)
fleshy
lip
sharply 3-lobed.
floral
.'.
149
Racemes surpassing the leaf;
bracts broadly ovate, subremote; flowers E. carnosiflorum
149b.
150a.
Racemes shorter than the leaf or leaves; floral bracts narrowly lanceolate, E. fruticulus approximate; flowers membranaceous Mid-lobe of the lip distinctly narrowed near or below the apex, linear151 lanceolate to ovate in outline, commonly acute or acuminate
Mid-lobe of the lip not distinctly narrowed above, often cuneate, retuse or 162 divaricately bilobed
Inflorescence consisting of several pendent racemes issuing from large falcate spathes E. Ruizianum (E. spathaceum) Inflorescence consisting of a single raceme or panicle; peduncle with 1-3
150b.
151a.
151b.
152a.
spathes
Pedicellate ovary elongate, 3.2 cm. or
152
more long
153
152b.
153a.
Pedicellate ovary relatively short, about 2 cm. or less long
154
153b.
Flowers green and white; sepals 3 cm. long; rachis of the inflorescence fewE. euspathum flowered, much shorter than the leaves Flowers purplish crimson; sepals 2.2 cm. or less long; rachis of the inflorescence many-flowered, commonly much surpassing the leaves. E. Friderici-Guilielmi
154a.
Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, commonly 2 cm. or more wide 155

Leaves linear or oblong to lanceolate or cm. or less wide
elliptic-lanceolate,
154b.
155a.
155b.
commonly
1.9
157
Peduncle entirely concealed by 2 or 3 erect, imbricating spathes; raceme E. strictiforme dense; lobes of the lip subequal Peduncle with one small spathe; raceme (or panicle) not densely flowered. 156
.
156a.
Lateral lobes of the lip Lateral lobes of the

Inflorescence short,
lip
much
not
larger than the mid-lobe, dentate.
E. mesomicron
156b.
157a.
much
larger than the mid-lobe, nearly entire.
up
to 6 cm. long
E. ampliracemum 158
157b.
158a.
Inflorescence elongate, acute or acuminate
commonly
10 cm. or
more
long; mid-lobe of the lip
159
lip
Leaves
linear, acute,
8-12 cm. long; flowers loose;
3-lobed near the base
ovate in outline, E. panicoides
158b.
159a.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 6 cm. or less long; flowers E. smaragdinum dense; lip obovate in outline, 3-lobed in front
large,
Flowers very small, sepals 5 mm. or less long; lamina of the lip with a single E. armeniacum ovate callus between the lateral lobes Flowers larger, sepals about 7 mm. or more long; callus between the lateral lobes
.
159b.
lip
without a single ovate 160

. .

160a.
403
Stem branching below; mid-lobe

Stem simple; mid-lobe
quetrous Lateral lobes of the
of the lip ovate or
broadly ovate. E. brachyglossum

161
160b.
161a.
of the lip linear-lanceolate, linear-triangular or tri-
161b.
lip subquadrate, provided with a triangular, prostrate, extrorse callus; leaves narrowly linear, up to 8 mm. wide. .E. glossoceras 1 Lateral lobes of the lip rounded, transversely oblong-elliptic to semiorbicular, without a triangular, extrorse callus. E. cornutum (E. anthoceros, E. Pavonianum, E. melinoacron)
.
162a.
162b.
163a.
Terminal lobe of the lip not transverse, i.e., longer than broad or slightly 163 broader than long in greatest width Terminal lobe of the lip markedly transverse, i.e., broader than long. .174
.
Spathes on the peduncle large, prominent, foliaceous, obtuse or subacute
strict,
commonly
164
163b.
164a.
Spathes on the peduncle small, mostly inconspicuous and scarious, atten170 uate above
Inflorescence paniculate, diffuse
165 169 166 167
164b.
165a.
Lateral lobes of the lip narrow, antrorsely falcate
165b.
166a.
lip
broad, rounded or dolabriform

strictly erect;
Leaves oblong-lanceolate; inflorescence vided into a pair of subrounded lobules Leaves linear or
apex of the lip diE. cylindraceum
166b.
167a.
ligulate; inflorescence arcuate to nodding; apex of the lip E. cylindrostachys not divided into a pair of subrounded lobules Leaves markedly attenuate toward the apex; sepals merely acute. E. modestum
167b.
168a.
168b.
169a.
168 Leaves not attenuate above, rounded to acute Inflorescence elongate, 24 cm. or more long, densely many-flowered; lateral E. raphidophorum sepals abruptly acuminate Inflorescence short, 9.5 cm. or less long, loosely few- (up to 13-) flowered; E. refractoides var. humile sepals acute
Leaves oblong, not conspicuously narrowed above, excised at the broadly rounded apex; mid-lobe of the lip cuneate, usually prominently dilated above, exapiculate or with a short, inconspicuous apicule in the middle. E. excisum
Leaves prominently attenuate above, without an excised apex; mid-lobe of the lip not prominently dilated above, with a conspicuous apicule in the E. modestum middle Leaves linear or oblong-linear, essentially with parallel
fleshy
sides,
169b.
170a.
commonly
171
170b.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate to
or coriaceous
elliptic,
without parallel
sides,
subcoriaceous 172
171 a.
Raceme always solitary; rachis stout; lateral sepals terminating in a prominent fleshy cusp; lip with a large, fleshy, ovate and depressed callus in the E. birostratum center
This species, of which I have seen only a drawing with floral analysis from the Reichenbach Herbarium, may prove to be a form of the variable E. cornutum, although this species is said to have flowers only one third as large as those of E. cornutum.
1
404
171b.

Racemes usually
an elongate cusp;
30
fascicled; rachis slender; lateral sepals not terminating in lip with a pair of small calli at the base.
172a.
E. gladiatum (E. vandifolium, E. Juergensenii) divided into a pair of suborbicular or roundedlip deeply oblong, spreading lobules; inflorescence a loosely flowered, commonly elongate, pendent raceme. E. moyobambae (E. subpatens, E. benignum, E. amazonicum)
Mid-lobe of the
172b.
173a.
Mid-lobe of the
lip
most
retuse; inflorescence a short, lax
not deeply divided into a pair of spreading lobules, at raceme or a spreading panicle ... 173
Leaf-sheaths pustulose-scabrous; inflorescence subequaling the leaves; lateral lobes of the lip smaller than the mid-lobe E. Lima
lateral lobes of the lip larger
173b.
Leaf-sheaths smooth; inflorescence conspicuously surpassing the leaves; than the mid-lobe. E. Haenkeanum (E. juninense)
174a. 174b.
Mid-lobe of the rounded lobules

Mid-lobe of the
lip
obcordate or divided into a pair of rounded or oblong175

.
lip
not obcordate nor divided into a pair of rounded lobules. 177
175a.
Leaf-sheaths finely pustulose-scabrous; rachis of the inflorescence shorter than or subequaling the leaves, racemes single or several and fascicled. E. Tessmannii
Leaf-sheaths smooth; rachis of the inflorescence than the leaves
175b.
176a.
commonly much
longer
176
Inflorescence erect, loosely paniculate, subtended
by a prominent
loose
spathe
176b.
E. tenuispathum
Inflorescence nodding, laxly racemose, with 1 to several, usually minute sheaths at the base.
177a.
E. moyobambae 1 (E. subpatens, E. benignum, E. amazonicum) Leaves broadly obtuse to rounded at the apex, oblong-elliptic to ellipticovate or oval 178
177b.
178a.
Leaves acute to acuminate; lip sharply 3- or more-lobed 179 Plant small, about 19 cm. or less tall; peduncle with but 1 spathe; inflorescence a simple raceme; mid-lobe of the lip distinct. E. refractoides var. humile
Plant tall, about 57 cm. high; peduncle with 3 spathes; inflorescence an E. refractoides elongate, virgate panicle; mid-lobe of the lip indistinct
178b.
179a.
Lamina
leaves
of the lip broadly cuneate toward the base, sharply 3-lobed in front, disc without a large ovate callus; inflorescence nodding, shorter than the
E. smaragdinum
179b.
Lamina
of the lip rounded to cordate at the base (if narrowed toward the base, the disc provided with a large ovate callus or a cluster of 3 approximate keels); inflorescence erect or somewhat decurved 180
180a.
Disc of the lip with a pair of elongate, spreading, complanate calli at the base and a median fleshy- thickened line; mid-lobe of the lip shallowly E. liguliferum transverse-oblong or reniform, not cuneate Disc of the lip without a pair of elongate, spreading basal with 3 approximate, fleshy, median ridges; mid-lobe of the cuneate or divaricately bilobed
calli, or, if so,
180b.
lip
transverse181
181a.
1
Center of the disc of the
lip
occupied by a single large, ovate callus .... 182

is
Rarely the rachis of the raceme
about equal to the leaves.

181b.
405
Center of the disc of the
lip
occupied anteriorly by 3 approximate, fleshy
ridges, and basally by a pair of calli or by a bilobed or trilobed callus; lobe of the lip a little narrower to much broader than the lateral lobes
mid. .
183
182a.
182b.
183a.
E. Macbridei transversely cuneate Mid-lobe of the lip deeply bilobed, consisting of a pair of divaricate, linear E. capricornu or lanceolate-linear lobules Mid-lobe of the lip with a distinct quadrate claw; lateral lobes with a con-
Mid-lobe of the
lip entire, small,
183b.
184a.
E. paniculatum var. unguiculatum cave posterior margin Mid-lobe of the lip sessile or subsessile; lateral lobes with a more or less 184 convex posterior margin
Flowers relatively large, sepals 8.2
mm.
or
more
long; basal callus bilobed.
E. paniculatum (E. floribundum)

184b.
Flowers very small, sepals 5 mm. long; basal callus trilobulate. .E. paniculatum var. linearifolium (E. parviflorum, E. gratiosum, E. gratiosum var. linearifolium, E. patulipetalum)
Epidendrum acuminatum Ruiz &

etChil. 1:248. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Huassa-Huassi, toward the Siusa River, on rocks in mountains, Pavdn s.n. Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 145. 1921. Also Ecuador, fide Schlechter,
is
Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 134. 1921. This species, of which we have a photograph of the type specimen, probably identical with the more adequately represented E. cornuLindl.
Lindl.
tum
Epidendrum adenoglossum
Hook. Journ. Bot.
3: 86.
1841; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 45, no. 139. 1853.

Stem stout, distichously leafy (incomplete in the type). Leaves distichous, linear-oblong to elliptic-linear, broadly obtuse, up to 15 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, clasping at the base, widely spreading. Inflorescence terminal, simple, flexuose, racemose, about 17 cm. long; peduncle clothed with a prominent, ancipitous spathe
about 5.5 cm. long. Raceme rather densely many-flowered, about 10 cm. long. Flowers small. Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, about 5 mm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat larger, obliquely ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute. Petals linear-oblanceolate, acute. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, linear-oblong, obtuse, the basal half provided with a pair of lamellate calli and a smaller one projecting between them. Column short, clavate.
Peru: Near Pangoa, Mathews 1073 (type). Loreto, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 145. 1921. Description compiled chiefly from a photograph of the type bearing a floral analysis, from the Lindley Herbarium.
Epidendrum aggregatum Lindl. Hook. Journ.

Fol. Orch.
Bot. 3: 84. 1841;
Epidendrum
92, no. 296. 1853.
406
FIELDI ANA: BOTANY,

Stem slender
,
VOLUME
30
or stout, apparently tall (incomplete in the type and in the specientirely concealed by leaf -sheaths. Leaves numerous, distichous, linearlanceolate, narrowly oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, up to 15.3 cm. long and 2.7 cm. wide, acuminate, deeply clasping at the base, the lower blades much
men seen)
Inflorescences lateral from the stem between the leaves, abbreviated, few-flowered (corymbose), subtended by several short, imbricating sheaths. Flowers medium-sized, long-pedicelled, with revolute segments. Dorsal sepal ellipticsmaller.
Lateral sepals a little larger, obliquely lanceolate, acute, about 12 mm. long. Petals oblanceolate-spatulate. Lip adnate to the colelliptic-lanceolate, acute. umn up to its apex; lamina simple, suborbicular, deeply cordate below, bilamellate
at the base, about 7.5
mm.
long and broad.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1901 (type). Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 145. 1921. Also Colombia.
This description was prepared from a photograph of the type, in addition to a Colombian collection referred to this species (von
Schneidern 855}.
Epidendrum ampliracemum
21:682,
t.,
C. Schweinf.
Am.
Orch. Soc. Bull.
1952.
Figure 75.
Plant large, about 42 cm. high (the basal portion incomplete in our specimen).
Stem decumbent below, entirely concealed by tubular leaf-sheaths which are scarious below and green and leaf -bearing above. Leaves few (about 4), distichous, spreading, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, rounded at the apex and at the amplexicaul base, variable in size, up to 13.2 cm. long and 4.4 cm. wide (the apical blade).
Inflorescence strict, racemose above, about 19 cm. long; peduncle with a small, scarious sheath below the middle; raceme subdensely many-flowered, about 15.2
cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, rather fleshy, with spreading segments. Floral bracts small, distinct, narrowly triangular-lanceolate. Pedicellate ovary, up to 2 cm. long. Dorsal sepal (when expanded) oblanceolate, subacute or obtuse and
dorsally mucronate, about 18 mm. long. Lateral sepals equally long but slightly wider, obliquely oblong-oblanceolate, sharply acute. Petals about as long as the sepals, obliquely linear-oblanceolate, subacute to obtuse. Lip adnate to the col-
umn up to its apex; lamina conspicuously 3-lobed; lateral lobes reduplicate in natural position, suborbicular-dolabriform, with obscurely irregular margins, about
4.7 mm. long and 6 mm. wide; mid-lobe subquadrate-ovate, abruptly subacute, somewhat smaller than the lateral lobes; disc bicallose at the base, with a central thickened line extending nearly to the tip. Column large, arcuate, dilated above, up to 13 mm. long.
Huanuco: Carpish Pass, 84 km. from Tingo Maria, on to Lima, about 2750 meters, Allard 21002a.
highway
Epidendrum anceps Jacq. Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 224, 1. 138. 1763; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 114. 1898. Epidendrum fuscatum Sm. Spicil. Bot. 21: t. 23. 1792.
10 dm.
Plant small to large, caespitose from an abbreviated rhizome, about 12 cm.Stem compressed, leafy except at the base, tall, very variable throughout.
EPIDENDRUM
FIG. 75.
expanded;
lj^.
1 Epidendrum ampliracemum C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X A. 2, 3, column, lip and a lateral sepal, three quarters view;
flower,
X IK-
407
408
entirely concealed
30
by sheaths. Leaves distichous, few to numerous, linear-elliptic (rarely linear-oblong) to oblong or oval, often broader above the middle, up to 22 cm. long and 4.3 cm. wide, acute, obtuse or rounded at the apex. Inflorescence
terminal, commonly elongate and more or less surpassing the leaves, enveloped by several long, close, compressed sheaths, bearing one or several compact, more or
subcapitate racemes. Flowers small, green, greenish brown, reddish, yellowish or lavender, more or less fleshy. Dorsal sepal oblong-obovate to elliptic, shortly acuminate to subobtuse, up to 7.2 mm. (rarely 10 mm.) long. Lateral sepals
less distant,
obliquely ovate-elliptic, elliptic-obovate or obovate-oblong, shortly acuminate to subobtuse, commonly slightly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear to oblanceolate-linear or elliptic-linear, acute to truncate-obtuse. Lip adnate to the
column nearly to its apex; lamina cordate-reniform or cordate-ovate in outline, more or less sharply 3-lobed, 2-6 mm. long, 3.5-7.8 mm. wide; lateral lobes rounded or subquadrate; mid-lobe transversely oblong to quadrate, truncate-re tuse and commonly apiculate at the apex (rarely broadly ovate and obtuse); disc fleshy, smooth and without calli. Column sigmoid, dilated above.
Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, epiphyte in forest, Asplund 13199. Junin: Rio Paucartambo Valley, near Perene Bridge, 700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25253. Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte on river side, Klug 10039. San Martin Pongo de Cainarachi, Rio Cainarachi, tributary of Rio Huallaga, about 230 meters, in forest, Klug 2602. A widespread and variable species extending from Florida (U.S.A.), the West Indies (type of E. anceps and E. fuscatum) and Central America through Colombia and Venezuela to Brazil and Peru.
:
Epidendrum aquaticoides C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 81, t. 12. 1943. Figure 76.
Plant robust, epiphytic, up to 60 cm. or more tall including the inflorescence. Stem stout, with two short ascending branches near the base, entirely concealed by tubular, striate, imbricating sheaths which are leaf-bearing except at the base of the stem and branches. Leaves numerous, distichous, ovate-lanceolate or ovateoblong, subacute and mucronate, clasping at the base, up to 8.8 cm. long and 2 cm.
wide (often much smaller), coriaceous, rigidly suberect. Inflorescence terminal, arcuate-flexuous, about 16 cm. long, paniculate with ascending few- to severalflowered branches; rachis more or less fractiflex. Floral bracts spreading, ovate, acuminate, concave, slightly shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers small,
rather loose, numerous, fleshy, orange-red. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, subobtuse, about 8.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely and broadly ovate, acute, distinctly
than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear or oblanceolate-linear, obtuse, shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina concaveconduplicate and surrounding the apex of the column in natural position, simple, broadly ovate-cordate when expanded, obtuse, about 6.3 mm. long in the middle and almost 10 mm. wide if spread out; disc with a pair of small, fleshy, complanate calli at the base. Column stout, strongly dilated upward in front, terminating on each side in a very oblique, transverse, retuse auricle, about 5.2 mm. long at the
larger
back.
ao
FIG. 76.
Epidendrum
aquaticoides C. Schweinf.
2. 3, lip
1,
plant;
X K.
2, flower,
and column from

409
side;
2.
410

trail
30
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, on marca, 3600 meters, Vargas 2906.
from Puyupata to Sayac-
Epidendrum ardens
Plant stout, up to 40 cm.
Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 526. 1906.

tall.
branched above, more or
less entirely
Stem simple below, commonly somewhat concealed by leaf-sheaths. Leaves numer-
ous, distichous, short, usually equitant and recurved in the dried specimen, strongly clasping below, ovate to oblong-lanceolate when expanded, acute or apiculate from
a dorsal keel, up to 3.4 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide when expanded. Inflorescence a several- to many-flowered raceme which is loose below and dense above, up to 6 cm. long, erect to nodding, with an abbreviated and naked peduncle. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, about equaling or surpassing the pedicellate ovary, spreading. Flowers small, scarlet to orange-yellow. Dorsal sepal oblanceolateoblong or elliptic-lanceolate, navicular, complicate-acute, up to 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals slightly larger, obliquely oblong-oblanceolate, navicular, alate-carinate with the keel produced into a mucro. Petals oblanceolate-linear to cuneate-oblan-
ceolate, acute, slightly oblique, a little shorter
than the dorsal sepal.
Lip adnate
column up to its apex; lamina "suborbicular" to cordate-reniform, slightly emarginate and often apiculate in the middle, with the margins irregularly crenulate, up to 7 mm. in greatest length (including a broad auricle) and 10.2 mm. wide; disc bicallose at the base, with a short median thickened line. Column long, almost equaling the sepals, narrowly winged on each side, up to 9 mm. long.
to the
Cuzco: Beyond Yanamanche, road from Cuzco to Santa Ana, 3300-3400 meters, in stream-side thickets consisting of sclerophyllous and thin-leaved vegetation, Weberbauer 4978 (type). Paucartambo, Tres Cruces, 3600 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 2054- Prov. of Urubamba, near Wenner Gren ruins, 3400-3600 meters, in wet sphagnum on trees, Metcalf 30748, 30751. "Valle de Santa Ana, alturas
del
Chaco," Herrera 2113, 2124 (Bues
coll.).
Epidendrum armeniacum LindL

Fol. Orch.
pt. 5: Sp. 2: 11,
Bot. Reg. 22:
t.
1867. 1836;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, 92. 1898. Encyclia macrostachya Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac
Epidendrum
114. 1838.
49, no. 153. 1853;
t.
Plant small, slender, up to 30 cm. high, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems numerous, caespitose, up to 24 cm. long (usually much less), terete below, compressed above, entirely covered with sheaths, loosely 2- to 5-leaved above. Leaves distichous, elliptic-linear to oblong-linear or linear-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, cuneate and clasping below, up to 14 cm. long and 16 mm. wide (the lower blades much smaller). Inflorescence terminal, up to 18 cm. long, erect or arcuate; peduncle bearing 1-2 prominent, compressed, commonly imbricating spathes; raceme densely many-flowered, up to 11 cm. long; floral bracts slender, surpassing the pedicellate ovary. Flowers minute, yellow-green to orange. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, a little larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals narrowly linear, often slightly dilated above, acute. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina fleshy,
411
sharply 3-lobed, up to 2.8 (4) mm. in greatest length; lateral lobes basal, auriculate, rounded to subquadrate, erect; mid-lobe narrowly triangular or linear-triangular; disc with a large ovate, excavated callus between the lateral lobes. Column very short and stout, dilated upward, 2 mm. or less long at the back.
Cuzco Prov.
:
of Convencion, Valle
meters, epiphyte, Vargas 4227.

clia
Lucumayo, Amaibamba, 1700 Huanuco: Toward Cuchero (Co-
chero), epiphyte in transandine woods, Poeppig 1585 (type of Ency-
San Martin: San Roque, 1350-1500 meters, in Williams 7422. Also Brazil (type of Epidendrum "rough pasture," armeniacum) and Bolivia.
macrostachya)
.
Epidendrum arundinaceum Lehm. &

Jahrb. 26: 471. 1899.
Kranzl. Engler Bot.
Plant tall, about 10.8 dm. high, from a stout, woody rhizome. Stem about 93.5 cm. high, leafless below but covered by close, scarious, evanescent sheaths, toward the apex provided with 3 to 6 leaves. Leaves loose, distichous, linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, cuneate below to a clasping base, up to 25.8 cm. long 2 cm. wide. Inflorescence a large virgate panicle (rarely a raceme), about 30
and
cm.
high. Rachis almost entirely concealed by large, whitish, paleaceous, imbricating, sheath-like bracts. Flowers rather large for the genus, with reflexed sepals and
Sepals linear-oblong from a slightly narrower base, acute, about 2 cm. long, the lateral ones oblique. Petals linear or oblanceolate-linear, acute, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina entire or subtripetals.
lobed, cochleate, ovate-reniform in outline, broadly rounded in front, deeply cordate at the base, with the margins (except at the apex and base) erose-crenate, about 1.3 cm. long from the tip of a basal auricle to the apex of the lamina and
about as wide when expanded; disc bicallose at the base with 3 thickened lines above. Column elongate, arcuate, slightly dilated above, about 1.3 cm. long.
145. 1921.
Cajamarca, ex Kranzlin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. Colombia (type).

Schltr.
t.
9:
Epidendrum bambusaceum
Fedde Repert. Beih.

116, nr. 456. 1929.
9: 80.
Plant tall, epiphytic, from a short ascending rhizome, up to 90 cm. high. Stem simple, subterete, concealed by sheaths in the lower half, rather laxly severalleaved above. Leaves erect-spreading, narrowly linear, narrowed above, subobRacemes terminal, arcuate-decurved, laxly tuse, 18-27 cm. long, 7-9 mm. wide.
few-flowered, much shorter than the upper leaves, with the slender peduncle up to 5 cm. long. Floral bracts deltoid, much shorter than the pedicellate ovary.
Flowers medium-sized. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, irregularly marginate at the broadly obtuse apex, about 1.2 cm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-elliptic, obtusely apiculate, very obliquely adnate to the column. Petals obliquely elliptic, subobtuse, slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina subquadrate in outline, deeply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, about 6 mm. long and 14 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes obliquely dolabriform, truncate in front, crenulate on the sides; mid-lobe very broadly rhombic-
412
30
reniform, a little narrower than the basal portion, retuse and bluntly apiculate; disc with a pair of short, semirhombic, emarginate calli at the base. Column short,
stout, dilated above, auricled
on each
side,
about 8.5
mm.
long.
Loreto:
No
Moyobamba, Filomeno s.n. specimens of this species were available.

Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54,
Epidendrum bambusiforme
Beibl. 117: 27. 1916.
Plant robust, up to 2.5 meters high. Stem stout, strict, simple, leafy, up to cm. in diameter, entirely concealed by tubular leaf-sheaths. Leaves numerous, distichous, linear-lanceolate, very long-acuminate, up to 26.1 cm. long and 2.3 cm. wide near the base, erect-spreading, rigid. Racemes several, lateral, short, up to 9 cm. long, densely several- to many-flowered down to the base, nodding. Floral bracts short, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, much shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers fleshy or cartilaginous, rather small, brown or greenish brown, the lip white spotted with brown. Dorsal sepal oblong-obovate, obtuse, up to 13 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-obovate, subobtuse, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals spatulate or cuneate-oblanceolate, gradually narrowed to a slender base, acute or obtuse, slightly oblique, distinctly shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, deeply 3-lobed, deeply cordate at the base, suborbicular in outline, up to 9 mm. in greatest length and slightly broader near
1.3
on the outer
the base; lateral lobes broadly dolabriform, irregularly erose-crenulate (or "incised") side; mid-lobe transverse, similar to the lateral lobes, retuse and
bluntly apiculate in the sinus, broadly cuneate at the base; disc with a pair of complanate-subglobose calli at the base and 3 short thickened lines in front of them.
Column short, stout,

long at the back.
dilated above, auriculate on each side at the apex,
up to
mm.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, "Huinaihuaina," in forest, 2550 meVargas 41 15. Junin: Prov. of Huancayo, Valley of the Pariahuanca, between Panti and Rocchac, 2500 meters, in sclerophyllous vegetation consisting of shrubs and trees, Weberbauer 6545 [6535?]
ters,
(type).
Epidendrum biflorum Ruiz &

Chil. 1:247. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv. et
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, on rocky
hills,
Pavdn
s.n.
This
is
an obscure
species.
Since the completion of this enumeration, it has been pointed out by Mr. A. D. Hawkes, in Orquidea 18: 172. 1956, that this name is a homonym and he proposes for it the new name, E. peruvianum.
Epidendrum birostratum
vard Univ. 11: 83,
t.
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Har-
Figure 77. Plant epiphytic, up to 1 meter high. Stem rigid, below often with a few short branches, altogether concealed by close, tubular, imbricating sheaths which are
13. 1943.
413
Leaves distichous, numerous, ascending, oblong or linearleaf-bearing above. oblong, subacute or obtuse, clasping at the base, up to 15.3 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, solitary, racemose, pendent, rather loosely several(up to 14-) flowered, up to 14.5 cm. long. Floral bracts small, deltoid, acuminate. Flowers rather small, fleshy, with widely spreading segments, green and pink. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong, acute and mucronate, up to 12.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals distinctly longer, ovate-lanceolate, concave, long-rostrate, up to 18 mm. long. Petals obovate-elliptic to spatulate-cuneate, subacute to obtuse, a little shorter and either broader or narrower than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, about 17.8 mm. in greatest
length and somewhat broader; lateral lobes obliquely rounded-dolabriform; midlobe porrect, about as large as the lateral lobes, cuneate-subquadrate, slightly broader at the truncate apex, sinuately tridentate; disc in the center with a large,
Column very short and broad, adfleshy, subquadrate-ovate, depressed callus. nate to the center of the lateral sepals up to about its middle, terminating on each side in an oblique, transverse auricle, about 7.7 mm. long in the middle.
Apurimac: Prov. of Abancay, Ampay, epiphyte at 3200-3600 meVargas 8394- Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Puyupata-Tuncapata, 3200 meters, epiphytic in wet forest, Vargas 2927 (type) Near Wenner Gren ruins, 3400-3600 meters, in very wet dense forest,
ters,
.
Metcalf 30765. Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata (slopes), epiphyte at 2980 meters, Vargas 6108. (This collection lacks any perfect flowers.)
Epidendrum blepharichilum
Beibl. 117: 26. 1916.

Stems slender, branching near
Plant slender, grass-like, up to over 60 cm.
tall.
the rooting base with ascending branches, entirely concealed by close, evanescent sheaths which are leaf-bearing above, terete near the base, compressed above, the
up to 39.3 cm. long. Leaves distichous, linear, more or less narrowed above with an acute or acuminate apex, strongly ascending, loose, up to 17 cm. long and 7 mm. wide. Inflorescence commonly paniculate with 2 or 3 strict branches, up to 17 cm. long, rather loosely few- to many-flowered; peduncle bearlongest branches
ing a slender, elongate, appressed spathe. Floral bracts minute, setaceous, many times shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, pale green. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminate with a complicate apex,
to 7.9 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, sharply acute or acuminate, with a dorsal subapical keel, slightly larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely oblanceolate-linear, acute, shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple or subsimple, cordate-ovate, irregularly
up
lacerate-dentate throughout, up to 6.4 mm. in greatest length and 5 mm. wide near the base; disc with a pair of flattened, fleshy calli at the base surrounding a central
fleshy ridge extending to the apex
where
it
forms a blunt apicule.
Column strongly
dilated above, arcuate,
up
to 4.5
mm.
long at the back.
Junin: Prov. of Jauja, right lateral valley of the Rio da Comas, north of Coma, 2600-2700 meters, in a copse in a watercourse, Weberbauer 6612 (type).
E^PIDE^NDRUM
iro stratum
&.
FIG. 77.
Epidendrum birostratum C. Schweinf.
1,
plant;
Yi.
2,
flower
2.
414
415
Epidendrum blepharichilum
Plant
differs
Kranzl. var.
majus C.
Schweinf.
from the species
in its relatively robust habit, broader
leaves and nearly twice larger flowers. Stems loosely branching, entirely concealed by tubular sheaths which are scarious and leafless below but green and leaf-bearing above, relatively stout. Leaves lanceolate-linear, narrowed to an acute point, up to 14 cm. long and 14 mm. wide. Inflorescence loosely paniculate, the 3 strict branches issuing from elongate-infundibuliform spathes that are produced into linear, foliaceous blades. fleshy. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-elliptic, sharply acute, about 14
eral sepals obliquely elliptic-lanceolate,
mm.
Flowers rather long. Lat-
somewhat larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-linear, acute, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column nearly up to its apex; lamina replicate in natural position, deeply
cordate at the base, suborbicular in outline, retuse at the tip with a fleshy, recurved apicule, irregularly fringed throughout, about 13 mm. in greatest length and almost as broad, slightly constricted on each side above; disc bicallose at the base, with a central longitudinal, thickened portion. Column strongly dilated above, about 10 mm. long.
of Abancay, Ampuy, 3200 meters, epiphytic on and Podocarpus, "sepals petals reddish olivaceous, greener at tips; the fringed lip light lavender rose," Stork, Horton & Vargas 10611 Huanuco Cani, 7 miles northeast of Mito, about 2600 me(type) Macbride 3461. (This collection is intermediate between this ters, variety and the species, but it more nearly approaches the variety.)
Apurimac: Prov.
Epidendrum brachyglossum
no. 6. 1844; Fol. Orch.
Epidendrum
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 83, 45, no. 140. 1853.
Plant medium-sized with an ascending rhizome, about 30 cm. or more high. Stems solitary or in erect pairs, entirely concealed by sheaths, loosely 2- to 4-leaved above the middle. Leaves oblong to linear-oblong, abruptly obtuse to rounded at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 12 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, suberect, to arcuate above, much exceeding the leaves, 15-22 cm. long; peduncle mostly concealed by a conspicuous, more or less narrow, conduplicate Floral bracts minute. Flowers small, spathe; raceme loosely many-flowered.
fleshy. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, concave, acute, about 7 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique. Petals linear to cuneate-oblanceolate, subacute. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina very small, about 3 mm.
long, 3-lobed at the base, with minute, erect, auriculiform lateral lobes and a much larger ovate, acute mid-lobe; disc between the lateral lobes with a large 3-lobed fleshy callus. Column abbreviated, stout, slightly dilated long at the back.
upward, about 4
mm.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 146. 1921. Also Ecuador (type), Colombia and Bolivia.
Epidendrum brevicaule Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 117, nr. 458. 1929.
9: 81. 1921;
416
30
Plant low, epiphytic, with a divaricately branching rhizome. Stems short, cm. high, 5-8 cm. distant, densely 5- to 6-leafed, entirely concealed by the closely clasping leaf-sheaths. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, fleshy, up to 3.5 cm. long and 10 mm. wide in the middle, more or less spreading. Inflorescence terminal, 1-flowered, subsessile, about 1 cm. long, subtended by a compressed, obtuse spathe. Flower medium-sized, broadly campanulate, fleshy, yellowish brown. Dorsal sepal "oblong" or ovate-oblong, acute, somewhat concave, about 1.3 cm. long. Lateral sepals equally long, obliquely ovate-elliptic or "oblong." Petals obliquely elliptic-lanceolate or "lanceolate," acute, about as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, ovate, abruptly subacute, deeply cordate at the base, about 8 mm. long and 6.5 mm. wide near the base, lightly incurved or sinuate on each side, glabrous, with a pair of short compressed calli at the base. Column short, straight, dilated above, terminating in a transversely subquadrate auricle on each side, about 5 mm. long.
erect, 3-4.5
Junin:
On
cliffs
below Palca, 2200-2700 meters, Weberbauer 1787.
No
sample of this orchid was available.

C. Schweinf. Bot.
Epidendrum breviracemum
Harvard Univ. 15: 139,
t.
Mus.
Leafl.
41. 1952.
Plant small, epiphytic, up to
Figure 78. 10 cm. high. Rhizome apparently
abbreviated,
woody. Pseudobulbs approximate, cylindric to fusiform, bearing 1 or 2 leaves, about 3-5 cm. long, invested to above the middle by 2 or 3 imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate to ovate-oblong, acute or subacute and apiculate, rounded to subcordate at the sessile base, about 4-8 cm. long, up to 2.7 cm. wide, green above and red to dark purple beneath, commonly horizontally
spreading. Inflorescence terminal, abbreviated, recurved in the course of development, the naked peduncle with the rachis of the raceme up to 2 cm. long; raceme congested-umbelliform, about 3- to 8-flowered. Floral bracts lanceolate or ovatelanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, but large for the plant, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate or ellipticlanceolate, acute, mucronate, lanceolate, acute
up to 11.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ellipticand mucronate, with a prominent denticulate keel through the
upper half, a little longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely linear or oblanceolate-linear, acute, slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina 3-lobed at about the middle, suborbicular-ovate in outline, more or less deeply cordate at the base, about 4-5 mm. long in the center and 6.2 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes obliquely semiovate or aliform, acute to
obtuse; mid-lobe ovate or elliptic-ovate and acute or (more rarely) ovate-lanceolate and acuminate, fleshy; disc with a pair of subglobose fleshy calli at the base. Column strongly dilated above in front, about 6.5 mm. long at the back.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, "Huinaihuaina," Inca ruins, 2550 meters, epiphyte in forest, flowers pinkish white, Vargas 4122. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 2400 meters, on dwarf mosscovered trees in highland forest, flowers pale flesh-red with reddish lines and dots, Woytkowski 39456 (type). Same locality, 2000 meters, on tree in low highland forest, sepals pale green with red lines,
petals pale yellow, Woytkowski 35490.
EPIDENDRUM
breviracGmum
C,
och
FIG. 78.
sepal;
Epidendrum breviracemum C. Schweinf.

3,
1, 5,
plant;
1.
2, lateral
3.
dorsal sepal;
3.
4, petal;
3.
column and
lip;
3.
417
418
30
Epidendrum capitellatum
vard Univ. 11: 86,
19 cm.
figs.,
1943.
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. HarFigure 79.
Plant medium-sized, with a branching rhizome. Stems spreading, leafy, up to tall up to the inflorescence, mostly concealed by loose, infundibuliform leafsheaths. Leaves numerous, distichous, unjointed, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, acute, widely spreading, deeply clasping, up to 5.1 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide, coriaceous. Peduncle abbreviated, provided with 1 or 2 separated, conduplicate, recurved bracts. Raceme terminal, capitate, densely many-flowered, about
FIG. 79. Epidendrum capitellatum C. Schweinf. (expanded), and petal; X 3.
Flower from above,
lip
cm. long and broad. Flowers small, very fleshy, rigid, subglobose, green. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, concave, up to 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate, slightly broader than the dorsal sepal, with a prominent, more or less denticulate keel without. Petals obliquely linear-oblanceolate, acute or subacute, a little shorter than the sepals and about half as broad. Lip strongly adnate to the column; lamina concave-conduplicate in natural position, ovate-reniform when forcibly expanded, deeply cordate at the base, subtrilobed toward the apex, truncate or retuse and apiculate in front, 4.5-6 mm. in greatest length and somewhat wider when expanded, bicallose at the base. Column very short and stout, truncate at the apex.
1.5
Huanuco: Cani, 7 miles northeast of Mito, about 2600 meters, "in clumps in trees," Macbride 3463.
Epidendrum capricornu
117: 24. 1916.
Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl.
Plant tall, 35-86 cm. high including the inflorescence. Stems "aggregated," simple, leafy, entirely concealed by tubular sheaths which are leafless and commonly marcescent through the lower portion. Leaves 6 or more, distichous, oblong("oblong"), commonly 6-8 cm. long and 2.5-3 cm. wide, acute, clasping at the base, chartaceous. Peduncle conspicuous, mostly or wholly concealed by 2-4 appressed, conduplicate, tardily evanescent spathes. Inflorescence a spreading, loosely several- to many-flowered panicle, with few to several branches.
elliptic or elliptic
Flowers medium-sized, with the slender pedicellate ovary up to 3.2 cm. long. Segments reflexed-spreading, reddish brown to cerise. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblanceoLateral sepals late-oblong, sharply acute, up to 1.63 cm. long, fleshy, concave.

very similar to the dorsal sepal but a
419
little wider, oblique. Petals spatulate-filiform, acute, nearly as long as the sepals. Lip entirely adnate to the column; lamina deeply 3- or 4-lobed; lateral lobes aliform, strongly retrorse, round-ovate or oval when expanded, with irregular or lobulate margins, up to 8.5 mm. long and nearly
mm. wide near the base; mid-lobe sessile, consisting of a pair of divaricate, falcate-linear-oblong lobules which are fleshy and suberect in natural position, 5-6 mm. long, separated by a short blunt apicule; disc with a very fleshy concave callus which is approximate to the two basal calli. Column slender, dilated above, ter7
minating on each side in a subquadrate, bidentate

long at the back.
auricle,
up
to about 10.5
mm.
Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, 2 miles southwest of the village of Pomocochas, about 2400 meters, common epiphyte in mountain rainforest in Quebrada Chido, Hodge 6144Cajamarca: Prov. of Jaen, above Tabaconas, on the eastern slope of the Cordillera (5 10'5 20' S. Br.), 2400-2500 meters, in sclerophyllous vegetation consisting of shrubs and scattering trees, Weberbauer 6296 (type).
Epidendrum carnosiflorum
Harvard Univ.
11: 87,
t. 6, figs.
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
1-6. 1943.
Figure 80.
Plant epiphytic, medium-sized, branching. Stems irregularly branched, often very short, entirely enveloped by imbricating, tubular-cylindric sheaths which are leaf-bearing except near the base of the stems or branches. Leaves distichous, oblong-linear, acute or obtuse and apiculate, clasping at the base, up to 6 cm. long
8 mm. wide, thickly coriaceous. Inflorescences racemose, terminal, commonly arcuate or nodding, 9.5 cm. or less long, loosely several- (up to 10-) flowered almost to the base. Floral bracts conspicuous, horizontally spreading, concave-conduplicate. Flowers fleshy, medium-sized. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, short-acuminate, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, longacuminate, a little longer and distinctly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals
and
about 8.7 mm. long, abruptly reflexed at the base. Lip adnate to the column nearly up to its apex; lamina tubular-involute, distinctly 3-lobed below the middle, shallowly cordate at the truncate base, about 8.2 mm. long; lateral lobes erect and embracing the column, small, semiobovate; mid-lobe
linear, obtuse, lightly sigmoid,
much
stout, tooth.
larger,
narrowly triangular, acuminate, very fleshy. Column very short and about 3.3 mm. long at the back, extended on each side into a very oblique
Kittip
Junin: Pichis Trail, Enefias, 1700 meters, in open Smith 25705.
sphagnum swamp,
&
Epidendrum
catillus Reichb.
f.
&
Epidendrum vinosum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 122, nr. 480. 1929.
Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 112. 1854. 9: 96. 1921; Mansf.
Plant extremely variable both vegetatively and florally, 19 cm. to over 1 meter high (the E. vinosum form). Stems simple, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths, leafy above. Leaves distichous, oblong-lanceolate to oval, obtuse to subacute with an obscure apicule, clasping at the base, commonly fleshy-coriaceous,
E.PIDE.NDRUM
si/t forum
C/.
Ocfiusein
420

up
421
to 7.5 cm. long and 3.6 cm. wide, spreading. Inflorescence simple or branched above, the peduncle being commonly elongate and entirely concealed by close, tubular, scarious sheaths. Raceme (or branches of the panicle) short, laxly or
densely few- to many- (26-) flowered. Pedicellate ovary slender, up to 5 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, red-violet or violet and white, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong, subobtuse to acute, about 1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique. Petals oblanceolate or narrowly cuneate, acute or obtuse, oblique, a little shorter and narrower than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina small, sharply 3-lobed, triangular-ovate in outline, deeply cordate at the base, about 5-6 mm. long in the center and 7-7.5 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes obliquely semiovate to rounded-dolabriform, coarsely toothed or incised on the outer margin; mid-lobe porrect, broadly obovate to ovatelanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to oblong, apiculate to abruptly acute; disc with a plurisulcate, excavated, apically crenulate callus (more or less apiculate in the middle) extending to the middle of the mid-lobe or beyond the middle, and with a pair of fleshy calli at the base. Column long, gently dilated above, about 10 mm. long, with a pair of bidentate auricles above.
Loreto: Near Moyobamba, 1000 meters, in savanna woods, Weberbauer 4642 (type of E. vinosum) San Martin Tarapoto, 750 meters, Williams 5981 (narrow-leaved form). Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, epiphyte in mountain forest, Klug 0.20 (in part).
.
San Roque, 1350-1500 meters, Williams 7661 of E. catillus) and Ecuador.
Also Colombia (type
following two collections differ from typical E. catillus in relatively longer, oblong-lanceolate leaves of thinner texture having (up to 11.4 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide), and in having an asymmetrically developed mid-lobe of the lip. It appears, therefore, that they represent either mutations or hybrids between E. catillus and some other species.
The
San Martin: Tarapoto, 750 meters, Williams 5952. Zepelacio, Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, epiphyte in mountain forest, Klug 0.20 (in part).
near
Epidendrum
Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 70. 1898.
ciliare L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1246. 1759; Cogn. Figure 81.
Plant very variable, medium-sized to large, usually on trees or rocks. Pseudobulbs or thickened stems more or less approximate on a creeping rhizome (often the specimens show but one pseudobulb), cylindric or more or less clavate, up to
sepal;
Epidendrum carnosiflorum C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X ^. 2, lateral 2}^. 3, dorsal sepal; X 2 1/2. 4, petal; X 2J^. 5, lip and column from side, natural position; X 2K6, lip and column from above, natural position; X 2%. E. latisegmentum C. Schweinf. 7, plant; X 8, flower, expanded;
FIG. 80.
1.
9, lip
and column from

10.
side;
1.
10, anther,
showing
cells;
5.
11,
pollinium;
422
30
22.5 cm. high, entirely enveloped by loose, distichous, imbricating, scarious sheaths, 1 or 3) subopposite leaves at the summit. Leaves commonly oblong-elliptic (more rarely oblong or elliptic to oval), obtuse to rounded
usually bearing 2 (rarely
at the apex, cuneate at the sessile base, up to 28 cm. long and 8 cm. wide (sometimes appearing conduplicate in the dried specimen). Inflorescence simple, erect, up to
47 cm. high, with few to several distichous, often imbricating spathes below, loosely Floral bracts large, spreading, spathaceous, up to 7 cm. long. Pedicellate ovary equaling or much exceeding the subtending bract. Flowers large, with wide-spreading segments, greenish to white or usually pale yellow with a white lip. Sepals linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 3.5-8.5 cm. long, up to 8 mm. wide. Petals a little shorter, but more or less narrower than the sepals (rarely markedly broader). Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, somewhat shorter than the sepals; lamina very deeply 3-lobed, about 3-5 cm. long; lateral lobes semiovate or aliform, deeply long-ciliate on the outer margin; mid-lobe filiform-subulate, much exceeding the lateral lobes; disc shortly bialate below. Column slender below, abruptly dilated above, with a lacerate clinandrium.
few- to several-flowered above.
Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Cayumba, between Huanuco and Tingo Maria, 700-800 meters, in forest, Ferreyra 1868. A widespread species extending from Mexico through Central America and the West Indies (type) to Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and Brazil.
Epidendrum cinnabarinum
106. 1831; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28: pt. 5: 119. 1898.
t.
Salzm. ex Lindl. Gen.
& Sp.
Orch.
25. 1842;
Cogn. Martius
Fl. Bras. 3,
Plant tall, stout, up to 9 dm. high. Stem simple, leafy, entirely concealed (except at the base) by tubular sheaths. Leaves laxly distichous, oblong to oblongelliptic, up to 11 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded above, clasping below, thickly coriaceous, more or less shining above. Peduncle terminal, much
lar sheaths.
surpassing the leaves, simple or rarely branched, concealed by close, scarious, tubuFloral bracts relatively small, narrow. Racemes short, commonly
dense, several- to many-flowered, the rachis
up to 6.5 cm. long. Flowers mediumwith spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong, acute or obtuse, 18-20 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, very oblique, a little longer, up to 24 mm. long. Petals elliptic-lanceolate or ellipticoblanceolate, oblique, obtuse, about as long as the lateral sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed, up to 13 mm. long and 18 mm. wide across the base; lateral lobes obliquely dolabriform with a deeply lacerate
sized, long-pedicelled, bright scarlet,
outer margin; mid-lobe much smaller, triangular-lanceolate below, then more or abruptly dilated near the front into a shortly cuneate, truncate, bi- or trifurcate apex; disc bicallose at the base, with a median keel extending nearly to the apex.
less
Column
long, slender, slightly dilated above,
about 13
mm.
long.
Amazonas,
Brazil (type).
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 146. 1921.
Epidendrum cochlidium
Fol. Orch.
Lindl.
Ann. Nat.
Hist. 4: 382. 1840;
Epidendrum
72, no. 228. 1853.
Epidendrum pulcherrimum
EPIDENDRUM
FIG. 81.
Epidendrum
ciliare
L.
Plant;
1.
Drawn by Blanche Ames.
423
424
30
Kl. Allg. Gartenz. 22: 233. 1854, fide Schlechter,

9: 146. 1921.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
Plant tall, epiphytic or terrestrial, more or less stout, up to over 12 dm. tall. Stems entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are scarious and leafless below and leafy above. Leaves numerous, distichous, oval to elliptic-oblong (rarely oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate), obtuse or rounded to subacute, clasping below, up to 12 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide (the upper and lower blades much smaller), more or less coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, much surpassing the leaves; pedun-
up to 58 cm. long, rarely branching above, clothed with close, tubular, scarious sheaths; raceme short, erect to arcuate or nodding, densely or subdensely manyflowered, up to 8.5 cm. long. Floral bracts inconspicuous, lanceolate-attenuate,
cle
much
low or
shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers long-pedicelled, either red, yellight pink with white or cream-colored lip, the segments spreading. Dorsal
sepal lanceolate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, up to 17 mm. long, acute or subacute. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely lanceolate-oblong or semielliptic, acute, as long as
the dorsal sepal but slightly broader. Petals variable, oblanceolate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute, slightly smaller than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to
its
apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed, up to about 9 mm. long and wide; lateral lobes obliquely dolabriform or semiorbicular with a rounded base, dentate or inciseddentate (especially toward the front) mid-lobe subequal or distinctly larger, broadly
;
obovate or flabellate from a cuneate base, rounded to truncate and acute or gently retuse and apiculate in front, with the margins (except near the base) sharply dentate; disc mostly occupied by a large, concave, 3-lobed callus, of which the middle lobe is much the largest. Column short, stout, slightly dilated upward, up to about 10 mm. long, terminating on each side in a dentate auricle.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 2835 (type). Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Carpish, 2850 meters, epiphyte, Asplund 13135. Junin: La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1200 meters, epiphyte, Macbride 5779.
trial in
Pichis Trail, Enenas, 1700 meters, terres(florally
open sphagnum swamp, Killip & Smith 25674 Pichis Trail, Porvenir, 1500-1900 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 25898. Also Venezuela.
atypical).
very
terrestrial in
Epidendrum cordatum Ruiz &

Chil. 1:244. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv. et
trees
Huanuco: Chinchao, on wooded mountains and and rocks, Pavdn s.n.

is
in clearings,
on
This
an obscure
entity.
Epidendrum coriifolium
218
Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc.
London
6:
text cut. 1851; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 77, no. 240. 1853; Summerhayes, Bot. Mag. 160, t. 9477. 1937.
Plant extremely variable, very stout, erect, epiphytic or terrestrial, 15-60 cm. Stems approximate to subremote on a more or less prominent creeping rhi-
&
high.
425
zome, entirely invested by stout, complanate sheaths which are leaf-bearing in the upper portion. Leaves 2-5, distichous, linear to oblong-oval, bilobed at the obtuse
apex, clasping at the sessile base, fleshy-coriaceous, usually shining above, spreading, up to 31.5 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide (commonly much smaller). Inflorescence
terminal, up to 27 cm. long, few- to many-flowered, loose to very dense; peduncle usually short and commonly enveloped by 2 or more conspicuous, imbricating, equitant sheaths. Floral bracts very conspicuous, equitant, dorsally carinate, semi-
ovate to triangular-lanceolate when viewed from the side, rounded to acuminate at the apex, more or less incurved or spreading, similar to the sheaths on the peduncle. Flowers rather large, fleshy, green, often more or less tinged with purple
(rarely pinkish buff-colored or deep purple). elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about
Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate or 10-25 mm. long. Lateral sepals

dorsal sepal,
obliquely ovate-lanceolate,
somewhat broader than the

less denticulate keel
commonly
near the apex. Petals obliquely linear or oblanceolate-linear, acute or subacute, little shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, cordate-reniform, commonly more or less retuse and bluntly apiculate at the apex, about 7-15 mm. long in the middle, up to 18 mm. wide, usually rather denticulate-erose on the margin, with a more or less conspicuous nerve which is fleshy-thickened near the apex. Column short, stout, produced on each side into a transversely subquadrate auricle, up to about 10 mm. long at the back.
with a conspicuous dorsal, more or
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Sta. Isabel to Asuncion, 1800 meJunin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, ters, Vargas 5542. Schunke 1291. Same locality, 1600 meters, Schunke 1884- Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1400-1700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 24618 (this specimen without flowers). Widely distributed from Mexico through Central America (type) to Panama;
also Venezuela,
Ecuador and
Brazil.
Epidendrum cornutum
Fol. Orch.
Lindl.
Hook. Journ. Bot.
3: 86. 1841;
Epidendrum 48, no. 149. 1853. E. anthoceros Lind. & Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 281. 1854. E. Pavonianum Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 215. 1856. E. melinoacron Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 88. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 119, nr. 468. 1929. (?)#. acuminatum Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 248. 1798.
Plant epiphytic, erect, up to about 80 cm. tall, from a creeping rhizome. Stems simple, more or less approximate, entirely concealed by tubular, marcescent sheaths which are leaf-bearing above. Leaves 5-12, distichous, lanceolate-linear to oblonglanceolate (rarely lanceolate), acute to long-acuminate, clasping at the sessile, cuneate base, up to 16.5 cm. long and 2.1 cm. wide, erect-spreading. Inflorescence
terminal, up to about 34 cm. long, arcuate or nodding (rarely suberect), with the short peduncle entirely concealed by 1-3 erect, equitant spathes; raceme densely
ish or greenish white, or yellowish, fleshy.
Flowers white, brownSepals often with revolute sides. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, acuminate, up to 12 mm. long. Lateral sepals scarcely exceeding the dorsal sepal, obliquely ovate-lanceolate or
or subdensely many-flowered, about 20 cm. or less long.
426
30
elliptic-lanceolate ("linear"), long-acuminate, with a
prominent dorsal keel which

Petals oblanceolate-linear, Lip adnate to the column
high and irregularly denticulate toward the apex. oblique, acute or acuminate, shorter than the sepals. up to its apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed, lightly sigmoid
is
when viewed from
the side;
lateral lobes small, transversely oval,
more
or less minutely denticulate, about
mm. wide, fleshy except on the margins, erect; mid-lobe porrect, linear-triangular or linear-lanceolate, subterete, acuminate, about 3-4.5 mm. long; disc minutely 3-callose at the base. Column short, decurved, abruptly dilated above in front,
3
terminated on each side by a transversely subquadrate auricle, about 3.8-6

long at the back.
mm.
and E. Pavonianum).
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1895 (type of E. cornutum Cajamarca: Above Tabaconas, on the east of the Cordillera, 2400 meters, in sclerophyllous vegetation, side Weberbauer 6300 (type of E. melinoacron Schltr.). Huanuco: Prov.
of Huanuco, Carpish Pass?, about 3000 meters, Hodge s.n., 6147. Also Colombia (type of E. anthoceros), Venezuela and Ecuador.
Epidendrum coronatum Ruiz &

Chil. 1:242. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv. et
Huanuco: Pozuzo, on trees and rocks, Pavdn s.n. This is an obscure orchid, which seems to be allied to E. moyobambae Kranzl.
Epidendrum corymbosum Ruiz &

etChil. 1:246. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv.
Huanuco: Toward the towns of Chinchao, Cuchero, Muna and Pozuzo, on bare mountains and plains. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, in very low and hot places, Pav6n s.n.
This
Presl.
is
an uncertain concept, apparently
allied to
E. dichotomum
Epidendrum crassilabium Poepp. &

1,
t. t.
102. 1837-8.
Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: Epidendrum variegatum Hook. Bot. Mag. 59,
t.
3151. 1832; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 77,
32,
fig. 1.
1898.
Epidendrum variegatum Hook. var. crassilabium Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 38, no. 117. 1853. Epidendrum saccharatum Kranzl.
Orchis 2: 113,
fig.
17. 1908.
Plant very variable, epiphytic or terrestrial, robust, with a stout creeping rhizome. Stems more or less pseudobulbous-thickened, ovoid-fusiform or ellipsoid to cylindric, 5.5-38.5 cm. high, bearing 1-4 irregularly spaced leaves near the summit, clothed by several imbricating, scarious, evanescent sheaths through the lower part. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong to linear-oblong, acute to rounded at the apex, subsessile to shortly petioled at the cuneate clasping base, 9.5-40 cm. long,

up
427
to 6.6 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, 6-35 cm. high, loosely few- to many-flowered above, the remotely bracted peduncle clothed at the base by a more or less conspicuous, complanate spathe. Flowers fleshy, white or green to yellowish, more or less spotted with brown-purple (often tinged with vio-
medium-sized. Floral bracts minute. Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, up to 15 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but usually rather broader, oblique, acute. Petals cuneate or oblong-cuneate, acute or obtuse, usually
let),
little shorter than the sepals and markedly narrower. Lip strongly adnate to the column; lamina simple or obscurely 3-lobed, rhombic-suborbicular or broadly ovatecordate, abruptly acute, up to 8 mm. long and subequally wide or wider; disc more or less occupied by a large fleshy, sulcate callus. Column short and stout, up to 8 mm. long to the 3-toothed apex. Ovary sharply triquetrous.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2040 meters, on rocks, Vargas 3302. "Camino Hacienda Cadenca, Quincemil, Valle Marcapata," about 1100 meters, Scolnik 943. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1900 meters, on tree in low forest, Woytkowski 35358. Between San Ramon and Tarma, 2000 meters, terrestrial on rocky Loreto Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and hillside, Seibert 2200. 600-1200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Klug 0.2. VicinMoyobamba, San Martin: Near ity of Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte, Klug 10131. 59 km. from Tingo Maria, on highway to Pucallpa, about Divisoria, 1600 meters, Allard 21781. Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100
:
meters, in mountain forest, Klug 3673. A widespread species extending from Costa Rica, Panama and the West Indies to Colombia,
Venezuela, British Guiana (type of E. saccharatum) , Surinam, Ecuador, Peru (type of E. crassilabium) and Brazil (type of E. variegatum).
Epidendrum crassum
Univ. 15: 141,
t.
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
42. 1952.
Figure 82.
tall.
Plant medium-sized, about 29 cm.
Stem
stout, erect
from a decumbent
base, entirely enveloped by loose, scarious, tubular sheaths which are imbricating and leaf-bearing except at the base, about 14 cm. high (exclusive of the decumbent
base).
Leaves distichous, deciduous below, persistent near the apex of the stem, oblong-ovate or shortly oblong, ascending, subacute, up to 5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide, amplexicaul at the base. Inflorescence much surpassing the leaves, suberect, loosely paniculate with a few short, ascending, lateral branches, about 13.7 cm.
long. Flowers small, numerous, loose, blackened in drying. Sepals fleshy, with strongly revolute sides. Dorsal sepal (when expanded) oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, acute with a recurved tip, about 8 mm. long and 3.9 mm. wide. Lateral
sepals obliquely oblong-oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, sharply acute, a little longer
and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear-oblanceolate, acute, lightly oblique, somewhat shorter and much narrower than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, convex, more or less deeply 3-lobed, broader than long, cordate at the base, up to 4.4 mm. long through the center and 6.6 mm. wide; lateral lobes
ovate-semi orbicular, with more or less lobulate margins; mid-lobe transversely-
EPIDENDRUM
crassum
FIG. 82.
expanded;
X 2^.
Epidendrum crassum C. Schweinf. 3, column and lip, from side; X
1,
plant;
X A1
2,
flower,
4.
428
429
subquadrate or irregularly semiorbicular, sub truncate to lightly retuse in front; disc bicallose at the base. Column short, strongly dilated above in front, up to
5.5
mm.
long at the back.
meters, on rocks or
Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, "Ollachea a cliffs, Vargas 6994.
pte.
Ackopampa," 3100
Epidendrum criniferum
Hook.
f.
Reichb.
f.
Gard. Chron. (1871) 1291;
Bot.
Mag. 100:
t.
6094. 1874.
Plant epiphytic, with a creeping rhizome. Stems numerous, more or less approximate, up to about 40 cm. high, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are scarious and evanescent below and leaf-bearing above. Leaves numerous, distichous, linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong (rarely narrowly lanceolate), up to 13.9 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide (often much smaller above and below), subacute to acuminate, cuneate at the clasping base, ascending, chartaceous. Inflorescence terminal, short; peduncle abbreviated, entirely concealed by 2-5 imbricating, equitant, erect spathes; raceme short, up to 3.8 cm. high, loosely few-flowered; floral bracts minute. Flowers rather large with spreading segments which are green or yellow with redbrown blotches and a white lip, the slender pedicellate ovary up to 3.8 cm. long. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 2.3 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, but markedly oblique. Petals filiform, slightly wider below, acuminate, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, deeply trifid; lamina up to 1.3 cm. long in the middle; lateral lobes dolabriform-semiorbicular in outline, more or less retrorse, divided into deep, irregular fringes; mid-lobe porrect, filiform-linear, acute or acuminate; disc at the base with a pair of small semielliptic, complanate, approximate calli. Column about half as long as the entire lip, up to 9 mm. long, dilated above, with an irregular, transverse, retuse auricle on each side at the apex.
Ayacucho: Estrella, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, about 500 meters, in dense woods, Killip & Smith 23066. Junin: La Merced, about 700 meters, in wooded valley, Killip & Smith 23739. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, in mountain forest, Klug 3675. Also Costa Rica (type) and Panama.
Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 243. 1798. Epidendrum raniferum Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 109. 1831; Bot. Reg. 28: t. 42. 1842. Epidendrum validum Schltr.
Epidendrum cristatum Ruiz &
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 95. 1921;
122, nr. 479. 1929.
Plant terrestrial or epiphytic, very tall and robust, rarely up to 8 meters high, very variable throughout. Stems caespitose from an abbreviated rhizome, simple, stout, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths which bear leaves above. Leaves distichous, numerous, ligulate to oblong-elliptic, erect-spreading, acuminate to obtuse, cuneate at the sessile, clasping base, up to 23 cm. long and 4 cm. wide (com-
monly shorter and much narrower), more
or less coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, consisting of 1 to several simple, pendent racemes, subsessile or long-peduncled, up
430
VOLUME
30
to 60 cm. long including the peduncle; peduncle (if present) commonly concealed by few to many distichous, imbricating, conduplicate spathes. Flowers rather large, yellowish or greenish, spotted or streaked with dark brown or purplish, with
spreading segments, on slender pedicellate ovaries which are 3-7 cm. long. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, subacute to obtuse, about 1.3-2 cm. Lateral sepals similar, lightly oblique. Petals linear or (rarely 2.8 cm.) long. spatulate-linear, acute to rounded at the apex, almost equaling the sepals. Lip
adnate to the column up to its apex, deeply 3-lobed, about as long as the sepals; lateral lobes obliquely dolabriform in outline with a cordate base, irregularly incised-dentate or (more commonly) irregularly lacerate-fimbriate especially toward the front; mid-lobe porrect, from a short subquadrate-flabellate to linear-cuneate claw dilated into a deeply bilobulate apex with spreading broad or narrow lobules which are more or less toothed irregularly, with a more or less conspicuous apicule in the sinus; disc at the base with a fleshy sulcate callus and a central thickened line extending from the base to the apical sinus. Column strongly dilated toward the decurved apex, about 1-1.5 cm. or more long, terminating in an oblique, transverse auricle on each side.
Cajamarca: In valley of Rio Tabaconas, 900-1000 meters, terresamong evergreen bushes, Weberbauer 6155 (type of E. validum). Huanuco: Pozuzo, epiphyte in forest, Pavdn s.n. (type of E. cristatum). Plant widely dispersed from Mexico (type of E. raniferum) to Costa Rica, British Guiana, Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil and
trial
Bolivia.
Epidendrum croceum Ruiz &

Chil. 1:246. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv. et
Junin: Toward the citadel of Huassa-huassi, on rocks on plains
and
hills,
Pavon
s.n.
This
is
an obscure
species.
Epidendrum cylindraceum
15. 1844; Fol. Orch.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 86, no.

46, no. 143. 1853.
Epidendrum
Plant tall, somewhat branching below, over 55 cm. high. Stem entirely or nearly concealed by loose, tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing near the summit. Leaves apparently 2 to a branch, about 3 cm. apart near the summit of the stem, lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong ("ovato-oblongis"), about 12 cm. long and 2.5 cm.
wide, acute, clasping at the rounded base, erect-spreading.
erect,
Inflorescence terminal,
peduncle comprising about one half of the inflorescence, mostly enveloped by 2-3 close, equitant, imbricating, elongate spathes; raceme many-flowered, rather dense, about 15 cm. long and 5 cm. in diameter. Flowers small, whitish. Sepals obovate or oblong-obovate, acute, scabrous without, about 8 mm. long, the lateral ones oblique. Petals linear or oblanceolate-linear. Lip apparently deeply adnate to the column; lamina tripartite; lateral lobes small, oblong-falcate, antrorse above, with the posterior margin serrulate or denticulate; mid-lobe much larger, porrect, from an elongate, subquadrate basal portion abruptly dilated into a pair of suborbicular, denticulate lobules thus the apical part is reniform retuse and apiculate in the middle; disc with 3 small calli at the base.
tall;
about 34 cm.
431
Peru(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 147. 1921. Colombia (type) and Ecuador, fide Schlechter (I.e. 8: 135. 1921). This description was compiled by reference to a photograph of the type, in the Lindley Herbarium.
Epidendrum cylindrostachys
110. 1854.
Reichb.
f.
&
Warsc. Bonpl. 2:
Plant medium-sized, with a creeping rhizome. Stems approximate, slender, by tubular sheaths which are scarious below and herbaceous and leaf-bearing above, up to 12 cm. high. Leaves 2 or 3, loosely disposed near the apex of the stem, oblong or ligulate, rounded and apiculate at Inflorescence the apex, clasping below, up to 18 cm. long and 12 mm. wide. terminal, solitary, arcuate or flexuous, 21-34 cm. long; peduncle 8.3-10 cm. long, mostly or entirely concealed by 1 or 2 imbricating, ancipitous spathes; raceme Flowers very small, buffsubdensely many-flowered. Floral bracts minute. yellow with maroon dots. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong ("cuneate-ligulate"), more or less acute, about 5 mm. long. Lateral sepals obovate-oblong or semiPetals obelliptic, a little longer and markedly broader than the dorsal sepal. lanceolate-linear, obtuse, slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column nearly to the apex, about as long as the sepals; lamina tripartite; lateral lobes semilunate-decurved, oblong, often slightly broader above the middle; midlobe lanceolate-ligulate, porrect, very fleshy, especially at the obtuse or retuse apex, with an indistinct callus on each side at the base. Column stout, relatively
flexuous, entirely concealed
large,
about 3.8
mm.
long, dilated
above in
front.
Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, about 2400 meters, in Quebrada Chido, 2 miles southwest of Pomocochas, epiphyte in mountain rainforest, Hodge 6143. Also Colombia (type).
I
have seen a photograph and a
floral analysis of
the type, from
the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Epidendrum cyperifolium C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 10. 1953. Epidendrum microtos Reichb. f. var. grandiflorum C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 98. 1943. ?Bletia ensiformis Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1:
230. 1798.
Plant epiphytic, variable vegetatively. Pseudobulbs ovoid, 2- to 3-leaved at the apex, up to 5.2 cm. high. Leaves very narrowly linear, acute, rigid, often conduplicate and arcuate-recurved in the dried specimen, up to 50 cm. long and
mm. wide. Inflorescence racemose or loosely paniculate, subequaling or shorter than the leaves, with the branches of the peduncle and the pedicellate ovary densely scabrous or verruculose. Flowers medium-sized, rather fleshy, dark rose or carmine. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute, about 1.7 cm.
7.5
mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely oblanceolate-oblong, subacute, slightly larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate to subspatulate, subacute, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip nearly free from the
long and 5.5
432
30
column, slightly shorter than the sepals; lamina sharply 3-lobed, cuneate at the base; lateral lobes triangular-oblong, lightly retrorse, rather obtuse, with a rounded angle in the middle of the posterior margin; mid-lobe much larger, obovatesuborbicular with strongly recurved sides and slightly undulate margins, emarginate in front; disc with a broad, flattened, basal thickening which extends into 3 thickened lines, with the nerves densely minute-papillose. Column short, stout,
lightly recurved, about 7.3 mm. long, irregularly crenate-dentate at the apex, with a pair of small angulate auricles in front near the apex.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1600 meters, Schunke 1114- Loreto: Upper Maranon River at the mouth of the Santiago River, 160 meters, in rain-forest, Tessmann 4301 (type).
Epidendrum densifolium
Stems more or
Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 186. 1905.
Plant robust, from a creeping rhizome, up to 50 cm. tall, growing on rocks. less approximate, entirely concealed by loose, imbricating, complanate sheaths which are leaf-bearing except near the base. Leaves distichous, 6-12, subap proximate, ligulate or broadly oblong, shallowly bilobulate and minutely apiculate at the rounded apex, scarcely narrowed at the clasping base, often more or less conduplicate in the dried specimen, up to 16 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, thickly coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, about 17-25 cm. high, loosely paniculate with spreading, arcuate branches (perhaps also racemose); peduncle about 5-11.5 cm. long, entirely or mostly concealed by a stout, conduplicate spathe up to 10.5 cm. long which is partly covered by the bases of the upper leaves. Floral bracts minute. Flowers loose, rather small, greenish-yellow. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong, or "oblong-lanceolate," obtusely acute, about 11 mm. long. Lateral sepals slightly larger, oblique, broadly oblong-oblanceolate or oblongobovate, acute. Petals oblanceolate-linear, obtuse or subacute, slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina semiorbicularreniform or "transversely cordate" in outline, simple or obscurely 3-lobed with the middle portion retuse, deeply cordate at the base, about 6-8 mm. long in the center and 10 mm. wide below the middle, with the margins irregularly denticulate; disc fleshy-thickened in the middle of the basal part, bicallose at the base. Column abruptly dilated at the apex in front, with a pair of lateral, transverse, subquadrate auricles, about 7 mm. long at the back.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, mountains northeast of Huanta, 3100-3200 meters, on rocks in moist ravine, Weberbauer 7507. Cajamarca: Near Hualgayoc, beyond Hacienda La Tahona, 2600 meters, on cliffs, Weberbauer 4044 (type).
Epidendrum derma tanthum

1905.
Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 184.
Plant large, stout, almost 1 meter high. Stem few-branched, almost entirely by tubular leaf-sheaths. Leaves numerous, distichous, oblong-lanceolate ("linear-oblong"), subacute and apiculate, clasping at the subrounded base, coriaceous, up to 18 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, up to 16 cm. long, racemose, loosely many-flowered almost to the base, somewhat exceeding the
invested

upper leaves.
433
the pedicellate ovary.

oblong, acute, 14-18
Floral bracts conspicuous, lanceolate-ovate, somewhat exceeding Flowers 15 to 16, reddish brown, coriaceous. Dorsal sepal
mm.
long.
and broader than the dorsal
sepal, lightly oblique.
Lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, a little shorter Petals elliptic-lanceolate,
acute ("acuminate"), nearly as long as the sepals. Lip probably adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, complicate, deeply cordate at the base, obtuse, very fleshy, with a median thickened line, about 10 mm. long and 8
mm.
wide.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Chota, mountains west of Huambos,
in scle-
rophyllous vegetation including scattering small trees, Weberbauer 4177.
The description was amplified the type.
by
reference to a photograph of
Epidendrum dichotomum
Presl, Rel.
Haenk.
1: 101. 1827,
not Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 71, no. 223. 1853. Epidendrum brachyphyllum Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 72, no. 225. 1853. Epidendrum Lindenii Lindl. Bot. Reg. 31, Misc. 48, no. 59. 1845; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 72, no. 227. 1853, not Epidendrum Lindenii Lindl. in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 397. 1843. Epidendrum cuzcoense Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 82. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57:
1. 117, nr. 460. 1929. Epidendrum tarmense Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 94. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 122, nr. 477.
1929.
1931.
Epidendrum inconstans Ames,
Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club 58: 350.
Plant extremely variable (in height, shape of leaves, color of flowers, width of segments and degree of toothing or laceration of lobes of lip), terrestrial or less commonly on rocks or trees, 15 cm.-21 dm. (7 feet) high, caespitose from an abbreviated rhizome. Stem stout or slender, simple, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing except near the base. Leaves numerous, distichous, more or less spreading, oblong-elliptic to oval, less commonly ovate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, obtuse (rarely subacute), clasping at the rounded Peduncle sessile base, coriaceous to fleshy, 2.5-15 cm. long, up to 5 cm. wide. terminal, elongate, entirely concealed by close, tubular, imbricating, scarious sheaths, simple or irregularly branched above. Racemes more or less short, erect, arcuate or nodding, densely or loosely several- to many-flowered. Flowers rather
floral
small, of various colors (bright yellow to orange or brick-red or rose to purple, rarely maroon, or white flushed with rose), on slender pedicels up to 4 cm. long,
with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes slightly narrowed toward the base, acute to obtuse, 7-14 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, commonly more or less narrowed toward the base, very
oblique. Petals lanceolate-elliptic to oblanceolate or rarely rhombic-elliptic, acute or subacute, nearly equally long but commonly narrower than the sepals, with the margins entire to irregularly crenulate. Lip adnate to the column up to
its
apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed, about 3.5-7 mm. long in the middle and 7-15 mm. wide across the lateral lobes, cordate at the base; lateral lobes rounded-dolabriform, more or less deeply and irregularly dentate to lacerate; mid-lobe subequal
434
30
or larger (rarely smaller), dilated from a cuneate base, truncate to divaricately bilobed in front with the lobules more or less deeply toothed; disc with a large central, 3- to 5-lobulate callus, and a smaller callus (more or less bilobed) ex-
tending onto the lateral lobes on each side and with 2 small fleshy calli at the Column slightly dilated upward, terminating in a dentate auricle on each side, about 4-9 mm. long.
base.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Smith 22568. Ccarrapa, meters, terrestrial in open woods, Killip
&
between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 1500 meters, terrestrial on open hillside, Killip & Smith 22348. Cajamarca: Prov. of Chota, Chota, 2400 meters, on steep clay banks at edge of ravine, Stork & Horton 10051. Prov. of Cutervo, 10 km. northwest of Socota, 3200 meters, "in ceja de la montana," in black humus of forest, Stork & Horton 10119. Prov. of Cutervo, trail between Socota and Tambillo, 3100 Cuzco: meters, in sandy loam in open sun, Stork & Horton 10175. Herrera s.n. (U. S. Nat. Herb. 1231075). Above Hacienda Ichna, near Sta. Ana, 1700 meters, Weberbauer 5005 (type of E. cuzcoense). Huayna Picchu, 2400 meters, Scolnik 837. Ollantaitambo, about 3000 meters, Cook & Gilbert 533. Prov. of Convention, MachuPicchu, 2400 meters, Vargas 838. Same data as last, Herrera 3474Machu-Picchu, Valle de San Miguel, 2400 meters, Herrera 2040, 2041. Ruins of Machu-Picchu, 2400 meters, in exposed rocky situations in humus, West 6426. "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2300-2900 meters, on rocky banks and in thickets, Pennell 13974. Same locality as last, 2200-3000 meters, in thickets and forest, Pennell 14064Huanuco: On mountains near Huanuco ("Huanocco"), Haenke s.n. (type of E. dichotomum). Cierra Azul, terrestrial on Pucallpa Road, about 1077 meters, Seibert 2253. Pampayaco (Pampayacu) Sawada P 33. Prov. of Huanuco, between Ambo and San Rafael, on cliff, Asplund 13498. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1096. Prov. of Tarma, above Carpapata, 2300-2400 meters, in low forest on mountain slope, Ferreyra 3733. Agua Dulce, 1800 meters, on forest tree, Woytkowski 37028. Utcuyacu, 3000 meters, terrestrial in humus of dwarf forest, Woytkowski 35411. Huacapistana, 18002400 meters, in thickets and open woods, Killip & Smith 24116, 24317. Huacapistana, 1800 meters, in high evergreen forest, "ceja de montana," Ferreyra 3584. Cliffs between Huacapistana and Palca, 1700-2600 meters, Weberbauer 1802 (type of E. tarmense). Palca, 2700 meters, Soukup 3501 San Ramon to Tarma, 2000 meters, terLoreto: Near Tarapoto, on restrial on rocky hillside, Seibert 2199. sandstone cliffs of Cerro Pelado, Spruce 4576. Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, 600-1200 meters, King 0.8. Puno:
.

Prov. of Sandia, Sto.
435
Domingo
area, 1550 meters, McCarroll 67.
San Martin: Divisoria, 1613 meters, 59 kilometers from Tingo Maria, on highway to Pucallpa, Allard 21261 (small slender form). Also Venezuela (type of E. Lindenii), Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia
(type of E. brachyphyllum)
.
Epidendrum difforme Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760; Select. Stirp. Am. 223: t. 136. 1763; Ames, Hubbard & Schweinf. Bot. Mus.
Lean Harvard Univ.
.
2: 53. 1934. Epidendrum latilabre Lindl. Bot. Misc. 77, no. 163: 1841, as E. latilabrum; Fol. Orch. EpiReg. 27,
dendrum
79, no. 249. 1853.
Epidendrum apaganum Mansf. Notizbl.

Figure 83.
Bot. Gart.
& Mus.
Berlin 10: 240. 1928.
Plant extremely variable both vegetatively and florally, epiphytic. Rhizome abbreviated. Plant 6-47 cm. high including the inflorescence. Stems congested or caespitose, often somewhat flexuous, mostly or entirely concealed by the per-
Leaves distichous, varying from ligulatewide, rounded to lightly bilobed at the apex, clasping at the base, coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, subumbellate to umbellate, 1- (very rarely) to many-flowered. Flowers green, greenish yellow or greenish white, long-pedicelled, very variable in size. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to oblanceolate or oblong-obovate (rarely elliptic), subobtuse to
sistent, close or flaring leaf-sheaths.
oblong to oval, 1.3-11 cm. long, 4-48
mm.
Lateral sepals similarly Petals nearly as long as the sepals, filiform or linear-elliptic to oblanceolate or linear-spatulate, obtuse or acute to (very rarely) acuminate. Lip adnate to the column up to its
short-acuminate, 10.5-34
mm.
long, 3.8-8
mm.
wide.
large, oblong, lanceolate or elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate.
apex; lamina subsimple to trilobulate, transversely subquadrate (rarely) to reniform or transversely oval, 4.7-18 mm. long, 10-34 mm. wide; mid-lobe wanting to well developed and transversely oblong to semielliptic, entire and often truncate
or apiculate to bilobed; disc bicallose at the base, with more or less thickened nerves. Column dilated above in front, with the clinandrium crenulate to lacerate.
Amazonas, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 149. 1921, sub Ayacucho: Rio Apurimac Valley, near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, on edge of dense forest along beach, Killip & Smith 22979. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke s.n., 1085. Same locality, 1200 meters, Schunke 1289, 1245. Same locality, 1600 meters, Schunke 1863. Loreto: Mouth of the Apaga, in forest above the floods, 20 meters, Tessmann 5006 (type of E. apaganum). Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, 600-1200 meters, in forest, Klug 0.5. Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, in old clearing, Klug 10037, 10078. San Martin: Along Huallaga, about 20 km. from Tingo Maria, on road to Huanuco, 625-1100 meters, Allard
E.
latilabre.
forest,
21971 (narrow-leaved form). Moyobamba, 1100-1600 meters, in Klug 10124- Also Florida, the West Indies (type of E. difforme) and Mexico through Central America to Brazil (type of E. latilabre),
Ecuador and Peru.
FIG. 83.
2, flower, front
Epidendrum difforme Jacq. 1, flowering and view; X 2. Drawn by G. W. Dillon.

436
fruiting plants;
X A.
1
437
Epidendrum datum
Univ. 11:89,
t.
7.
1943.
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Figure 84.
Plant tall, robust, up to 3 meters high. Rhizome abbreviated. Stem stout, often with a branch opposite a leaf, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing except on the lower half of the branches. Leaves numerous,
distichous, elliptic, oblong-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, up to 16 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded at the apex, clasping at the base, chartaceous, those
of the branches much smaller. Racemes terminal, arcuate or nodding, densely or subdensely many-flowered almost to the base, with the rachis up to more than 12 cm. long. Floral bracts linear-lanceolate, much shorter than
on the lower part
the elongate pedicellate ovary. Flowers green, fleshy. Dorsal sepal oblanceolateoblong, obtuse or acute, up to 22 mm. long, often much thickened dorsally at the
apex. Lateral sepals similar but slightly larger than the dorsal sepal, oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, very oblique, dorsally carinate-thickened at the acute
Petals obliquely spatulate-linear, truncate or obtuse at the apex, nearly as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed, deeply cordate at the base, about 7.5 mm. long in the middle and 9-10 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes small, spreading, dolabriform or
apex.
obliquely round-auriculate; mid-lobe
much
larger,
subquadrate-ovate, bluntly
apiculate, about 5.2 mm. long and broad; disc bicallose at the base, with 3 fleshy lines in front. Column slender, about 15 mm. long, slightly dilated toward the
apex in front.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, Choimacota Valley, 3000 meters, in evergreen mountain forest, Weberbauer 7586 (type). Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 3200 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 3039.
Epidendrum emarginatum Ruiz &

etChil. 1:247. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv.
Junin: Near Huassa-huassi, on rocky mountains, Pavon
s.n.
This
is
an obscure
species.
Epidendrum equitans Ruiz &

Chil. 1:249. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv. et
Huanuco: Pozuzo, on trees in open woods, Pavdn This is an unrecognizable species.

Since the completion of this enumeration,
it
s.n.
has been pointed out
by Mr. A. D. Hawkes, in Orquidea is a homonym and he proposes for

skianum.
18: 173. 1956, that this

it
name
the
new name,
E. Woytkow-
Epidendrum euspathum
Kranzl. Fedde Repert.
1: 182. 1905.
Plant robust. Stem simple, about 30 cm. or more tall, several- jointed, covered with the fibers of evanescent sheaths in the lower portion, bearing 3 ap-
FIG. 84.
panded;
X 1 A.
1
Epidendrum datum C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 3, flower from side, natural position; X 1^.
438
\.
2, flower, ex-
439
elliptic
proximate or imbricating leaves near the summit. Leaves oblanceolate-elliptic or ("oblong"), acute or subacute, clasping at the base, up to 28 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, thinly coriaceous, the upper two with a distinctly narrowed basal part,
the lowest
much
smaller and truly
elliptic.
Inflorescence shorter than the leaves,
few- (about 6-) flowered above, with the peduncle entirely concealed by a large Floral conduplicate, oblanceolate-oblong spathe which is about 13 cm. long.
bracts minute, lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers green with a white lip, on a slender pedicellate ovary about 2 cm. long. Sepals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, about 3 cm. long, reflexed. Petals linear, reflexed, about as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, shorter than the sepals; lamina 3-lobed, about 1.3 cm. long; lateral lobes minute, auriculiform-rounded;
mid-lobe linear-lanceolate; disc with 2 membranaceous tubercles at the base and a short, thickened, undulate line. Column lightly arcuate, dilated above in front,
about 1.5 cm. long.
Loreto: Prov. of
in
Moyobamba, west
largely
of Rioja,
1000-1100 meters,
of the type.
woods, Weberbauer 4460.
The
diagnosis
was
drawn from a photograph
Epidendrum exaltatum
117: 26. 1916.
Plant
tall,
Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl.

Stem
stout,
up
to 2 meters high.
simple, entirely concealed
by
tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing except in the upper portion; upper portion (for about 30 cm.) concealed by scarious, imbricating, grayish-white, acuminate,
Leaves numerous, distichous, approximate, erect-spreading, elongate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, deeply clasping at the base, coriaceous, up to 25 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide. Inflorescences produced at intervals from the upper
marcescent sheaths.
portion of the stem, and consist of recurved racemes which are 6-22 cm. Flowers green, thick and cartilagilong and several- to many- (20-) flowered. nous, blackened in drying, rather small. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate or ellipticleafless
ovate ("obovate"), subobtuse, about 1.3 cm. long. Lateral sepals a little shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal, obliquely elliptic-ovate ("oblong"). Petals
linear or oblanceolate-linear, acute, almost as long as the sepals.
Lip adnate to
the column up to
apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed, deeply cordate at the base, about 6 mm. long in the middle and slightly broader across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes rounded-dolabriform; mid-lobe slightly larger, quadrate (sometimes
its
and apiculate; disc bicallose at the base, with 3 thickened, callose lines in front. Column short and stout, abruptly decurved in the middle, dilated toward the base and apex, about 9 mm. long in
slightly dilated at the apex), lightly retuse
natural position.
Apurimac: Prov. of Andahuylas, lateral valley of the Pampas River near Hacienda Cotahuasho (13 20 '-13 30' S. Br.), 2600 meters, on steep slopes among rather open thickets interspersed with grasses and other herbs, Weberbauer 5843.
This description was largely based upon several records of the type.
440
30
Epidendrum excisum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 86, no. 14. 1844; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 52, no. 163. 1853. E. excisum var.
grandiflorum Lindl.
I.e.
Plant robust, rather tall, terrestrial or epiphytic. Stem up to 80 cm. high, entirely concealed by loose, imbricating, complanate sheaths which are leafbearing except at the base. Leaves several to numerous, distichous, oblong or elliptic-oblong to ligulate, up to 21.5 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide (much smaller below), the upper ones often conduplicate and spathe-like in the dried plant, more or less conspicuously bilobed at the broadly rounded apex, slightly narrowed
at the deeply clasping base, coriaceous, erect-spreading. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate; peduncle entirely concealed and more or less surpassed by 1-2 erect, imbricating, conduplicate spathes which are oblong and up to about 11.5 cm.
long; panicle large and spreading, floriferous, about 24 cm. long and broad (more or less), loosely many-flowered. Floral bracts minute, attenuate-lanceolate.
Flowers medium-sized, yellow, greenish yellow or brownish yellow, sometimes Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic-oblanceolate or oblanceolate, subacute, 1-1.6 cm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate, acute, slightly larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear, more or less slightly broadened upward, acute, nearly as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the lip up to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed, deeply cordate at the base, up to 9 mm. long in the middle and 12.5 mm. wide across the spreading lateral lobes; lateral lobes aliform, obliquely rounded-dolabriform or semiorbicular, irregularly crenulate on the rounded outer margin; mid-lobe subequal or larger, cuneatesubquadrate, retuse and usually apiculate; disc bicallose at the base with 3 thickened lines in front. Column up to 1 cm. long, abruptly dilated on the upper half
suffused with pale red.
in front.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, rocky banks, Mathews 3182
(E. exci-
sum
Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Lares Valley above Mantoc, 2600-2700 meters, in "evergreen bushwood," Weberbauer 7908. Prov. of Calca, Pisac (Quebrada Calca), 3100 meters, on rocks, Vargas 2984- Marcapata, Quispicanchis, Chile-Chile, 2800 meters,
var. grandiflorum).
Vargas
1921.
1337Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 147. Also Colombia (type of E. excisum) and Ecuador.
Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1 188. 1905.
:
Epidendrum Feddeanum
Plant epiphytic or terrestrial, up to about 28 cm. high from the base of the stem to the apex of the inflorescence. Stems shortly separated on a creeping rhizome, up to about 14 cm. high, cylindric or fusiform, 2- to 3-jointed near the base and at the apex, surrounded by the fibers of marcescent sheaths, bearing 2 or rarely 3, more or less separated leaves near the apex. Leaves spreading, linearoblong to elliptic-oblong, obtuse and often minutely apiculate above, sessile at the deeply clasping cuneate base, up to 20 cm. long and 2.7 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, up to 24 cm. long, loosely few- to several-flowered above the middle; peduncle up to 9 cm. long, clasped at the base by a more or less conspicuous conduplicate spathe. Flowers small, with fleshy spreading segments, the sepals being greenish more or less red-tinged or chestnut without and greenish brown within, the petals and lip white with red broken lines or yellowish

brown.
441
Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong, acute or obtuse, about 10 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals very similar, slightly oblique, sharply acute, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals spatulate-cuneate ("obovate"), obliquely acute to obtuse, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the basal third of the column;
lamina deeply 3-lobed, cuneate at the base, rhombic in outline, 5.6-8 mm. long and distinctly narrower across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes small, dentiform, semiovate; mid-lobe more or less larger, ovate or subquadrate-ovate, more or less acute; disc between the lateral lobes occupied by a large sulcate callus or by 2 more or less separated fleshy calli. Column short and stout, 3-toothed at the gradually dilated apex, somewhat over half as long as the sepals. Ovary triquetrous.
Junin:
bride 5629, 5780.
La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1200 meters, MacSchunke Hacienda, about San Ramon, 1400-1700
Smith 24863. Loreto: Mountains meters, in savanna woods consisting
meters, in dense forest, Killip
&
north of
Moyobamba, 1100
mainly of shrubs, Weberbauer 4633 (type).
Epidendrum ferrugineum Ruiz &

etChil. 1:245. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv.
Huanuco: In Chinchao, on trees and rocks of wooded mountains, toward Macora, Pavdn s.n.
This
is
an unidentified
species.
Epidendrum fimbriatum HBK. Nov. Gen.

Epidendrum 83, no. 263. 1853. nans Lindl. Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 88. 1841.
Lindl. Fol. Orch.
et Sp. 1: 351. 1816;
Epidendrum
alter-
Plant terrestrial (rarely epiphytic), rather slender, up to about 40 cm. high. Stems caespitose, often with a decumbent rooting base, simple or more often
loosely branched, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths, distichously leafed above. Leaves linear-lanceolate (more rarely linear or narrowly elliptic-oblong), up to 6.6 cm. long and 6 mm. wide, obtuse or obliquely bilobulate to acute at the
apex, deeply clasping at the base, erect-spreading, subcoriaceous, often minutely cartilaginous-serrulate. Inflorescence terminal, commonly simply racemose above
(rarely with 1 or 2 short lateral branches), up to 16 cm. tall, few- to many-flowered, with the rachis more or less fractiflex. Floral bracts spreading, minute to conspicuous, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, up to (rarely) 9 mm. long. Flowers small, white, pale rose-colored or white tinged or spotted with violet, rather fleshy. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, retuse to subacute, up to about 5.6 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but commonly a little broader, somewhat oblique. Petals about as long as the sepals but much narrower, linear-oblanceolate or cuneate-spatulate, rounded at the apex. Lip adnate to the column about to its middle; lamina simple, rhombic-ovate to round-ovate in outline, about 4 mm. or less long, nearly as wide or wider, irregularly dentate-fimbriate except toward the base; disc with a pair of short keels at the base. Column short, stout, about 3 mm.
or less long.
442
30
Peru: San Carlos, Mathews 1897 (E. alternans var. /3). Cajamarca: Prov. of Cutervo, trail between Socota and Tambillo, 3200 meters, common on clay banks beside trail, Stork & Horton 10165.
Amazonas, Huanuco, Puno,

9: 147. 1921.
fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. Also Venezuela, Colombia (type) and Ecuador.
Epidendrum fimbriatum HBK. var. rhomboglossum (Kranzl.)

Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 224. 1944. Epidendrum rhomboglossum Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117: 28. 1916. Epidendrum integrilabium A. & S. Sched. Orch. 8: 46. 1925.
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Plant very similar to the type vegetatively, but differing in having often larger flowers (sepals up to 8 mm. long) with the lamina of the lip up to 7 mm. long, more or less longer than broad, with entire or subentire margins.
Cuzco: "Pillahuata/' Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3300-3500 meters, on rocky banks, Pennell 1 3923. Pillahuata Valley, Herrera 3331 Valley of the Paucartambo, 3000 meters, Herrera 3367. Prov. of Paucartambo, above Pillahuata, 2600-2800 meters, on dry banks, West 7059. Same locality as last, 2300-2700 meters, on moist slopes, Vargas 77. Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, valley of Rio Pozuzo, tributary of Rio Palcazu, 1900-2000 meters, on cliffs, Weberbauer 673J,, (type of E. rhomboglossum). Puno: Prov. of Sandia, Sto. Domingo area, 1550 meters, McCarroll 138. Also Bolivia (type of E. integrilabium).
.
Epidendrum Forgetianum Hort. ex Gard. Chron. 1893.=nomen subnudum.
ser. 3, 13:
752.
Epidendrum fragrans Sw.

Cogn. Martius
Curtis, Bot.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 83. 1898.

5, 1.
Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 123. 1788; Epidendrum cochleatum
Mag.
152. 1792, not L.
Epidendrum lineatum
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22,
Salisb.
Prodr. 10. 1796.

1836.
Epidendrum aemulum
t.
1898.
Plant epiphytic, with a stout, creeping rhizome. Pseudobulbs more or less distant, fusiform to ellipsoid (rarely cylindric, ovoid or obovoid), up to 13 cm.
young, 1- (very rarely
somewhat concealed by imbricating sheaths when leaved at the summit. Leaf oblong-elliptic or oblong (rarely oblong-linear), up to 30.5 (rarely 35) cm. long and 4.6 cm. wide, obtuse or acute, sessile or subsessile at the clasping base, coriaceous. Inflorescence shorter than the leaves, racemose, laxly few- to several-flowered above, with a more or less conspicuous, conduplicate spathe at the base; rachis up to 17 cm. long. Floral
long, often
more or
less arcuate, 2-)
bracts minute. Flower medium-sized to large, more or less fleshy, sepals and petals spreading, white, greenish white, greenish or yellowish, lip whitish with purple Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, up to 3 (rarely 3.5) cm. stripes. long, convex, more or less dorsally carinate. Lateral sepals similar, slightly oblique. Petals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate to long-
443
acuminate, shorter but commonly broader than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to above the middle; lamina simple, round-ovate, up to 1.8 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide below, more or less abruptly long-acuminate (rarely acute), concave; disc fleshy- thickened at the base. Column short, stout, 3- toothed at the apex, about 7 mm. or less long, with a narrow, more or less lacerate-dentate lamina in front of the middle tooth.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1800 meters, Schunke s.n., 559. Same locality, 1500 meters, Schunke 1169. Loreto: Mishuyacu, near
Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, King 1169, 1405, 10082. Valley of the Rio Maranon from Iquitos to the mouth of the Rio Santiago at Pongo de Manseriche, 160 meters, ca. 77 30' West Long., Tessmann 4094.
Piura, fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 148. 1921.
A widespread and variable species extending from Mexico to Panama, the West Indies (type of E. fragrans, E. cochleatum, and E. lineatum), and northern South America to Brazil (type of E. aemulum), Bolivia and Peru.
Epidendrum Friderici-Guilielmi
2: 110. 1854; Reichb.
f.
Reichb.
f.
&
Warsc. Bonpl.
1856; Cogn. & Diet. Icon. Orch. Epidendrum, t. 12, 1899. Epidendrum Goossens, huacapistanae Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 183. 1905.
Xen. Orch.
1: 158, t. 51.
Plant stout, up to 1.5 meters tall. Stems apparently approximate from an abbreviated rhizome, entirely concealed by tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing above. Leaves 4 or more, distichous, obovate-oblong to elliptic or oblong-elliptic, subobtuse to sharply acute, narrowed to a deeply clasping base, up to 30 cm. long and 10.2 cm. wide, chartaceous. Inflorescence terminal, erect or nodding, up to about 43 cm. long, racemose, densely or subdensely several- to many-flowered above, the peduncle being more or less concealed by a stout, elongate, conduplicate spathe. Floral bracts minute. Pedicellate ovary very slender and elongate, up to 10 cm. long. Flowers purple or crimson, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 13-23 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique. Petals linear-oblanceolate, acute or acuminate, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed, about 5-10 mm. long in the middle and 8 mm. or more wide near the base, deeply cordate at the base; lateral lobes obliquely suborbicular; mid-lobe ligulate-oblong (rarely elliptic-ligulate), porrect, abruptly narrowed above to a subacute or acuminate tip; disc with a pair of complanate calli at the base and a thickened line through the center. Column 8-12 mm. long, strongly dilated
above in
front,
more
or less arcuate.
Maranon River, 1800-2400 meters, WarsceCuzco: Marcapata, Quispicanchis, 2400-3000 (type). meters, epiphyte, Vargas 1338. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, between Palca and Huacapistana, 1700-2400 meters, in thickets, Weberbauer 1778 (type of E. huacapistanae). Also Bolivia.
Peru: Sources of the
s.n.
wicz
444
30
Epidendrum frigidum Linden ex Lindl. Bot. Reg. 31, Misc. 76, no. 48. 1845; Lindl. Orch. Linden. 7, no. 36. 1846; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 89, no. 286. 1853; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 11: 226. 1944.
Beih. 9: 88. 1921; Mansf. 1929.
Epidendrum macrodonax Schltr. Fedde Repert. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 119, nr. 467.
Stem
stout, apparently
Plant stout, up to 3 meters high, on trees or rocks.
simple, strict, densely leafy, entirely concealed by close, tubular leaf-sheaths, about 6-10 mm. in diameter. Leaves erect or suberect, oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute with an apicule at the apex, deeply clasping at
the base, rigid, commonly with strongly revolute margins in the dried specimen, up to 11 cm. long and 3 cm. wide (but usually much narrower). Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, decurved above, with more or less elongate, slender branches, crowning a rather short, subcompressed peduncle; branches of the panicle densely
or subdensely many-flowered, with small, ovate-deltoid, spreading floral bracts. Flowers small, fleshy, pale rose-colored. Sepals more or less verrucose without. Dorsal sepal ovate, lanceolate-oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, 5.5-11 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little longer and wider, oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, very oblique, more or less carinate without. long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the
column up
Petals narrowly linear, obtuse, nearly as to the upper portion; lamina

of the
simple, deeply concave
and surrounding the apex
column, up to 8
mm.
in
greatest length, broadly cordate-ovate when forcibly expanded, more or less acute, somewhat broader than long; disc at the base with a pair of minute calli. Column
short, stout, straight, terminating in an oblique, subquadrate auricle about 5.8 mm. or less long at the back.
on each
side,
Cuzco: "Valle de Santa Ana, alturas del Chaco," Herrera 2119 (Bues coll.). Huanuco: Mountains southeast of Monzon, 3300-3500 meters, in thicket, Weberbauer 3375 (type of E. macrodonax}. Also Venezuela (type of E. frigidum) and Colombia.
I
have examined photographs
of Lindley's type of E. frigidum.
Epidendrum frigidum
(Schltr.) C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Lind. ex Lindl. var. stenophyton Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 227. 1944.
9: 93. 1921;
Epidendrum stenophyton Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 121, nr. 476. 1929.
Plant differs from the type in having slender stems (4
mm.
or less across the
leaf-sheaths) which are usually simple but rarely branched, in having small leaves (up to 6 cm. long and 8 mm. wide), in having abbreviated, commonly racemose inflorescences, and in having flowers which are greenish white (sometimes pink-
tinged) or pale yellow.
Chachapoyas, 2700-2800 meters, Weberbauer Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, on trail 4419 from Puyupata to Sayacmarca, 3600 meters, Vargas 2907. Prov. of Urubamba, near Wenner Gren ruins, 3600 meters, "wet sphagnum
of
Amazonas: East
(type of E. stenophyton).
445
on rocky bank, much fog and rain," Metcalf 30752, Huanuco: Mito, about 2700 meters, "firm grassy cliffs of upland gorge," Macbride 3372. Tambo de Vaca, about 4000 meters, on trees, Macbride 4345. Also Venezuela and Ecuador.
Epidendrum frutex
Plant
terrestrial, tall,
Reichb.
f.
Xen. Orch.
1: 95,
t.
37. 1855.
Stems stout, tubular, verrucose, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves numerous, distichous, oblong-ligulate, narrowed to ah obtusely acute or apiculate apex, deeply clasping at the base, up to 22.5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, coriaceous,
robust, about 78 cm.-5 meters high.
caespitose, entirely concealed
by
with the margins commonly strongly revolute in the dried specimen. Inflorescence terminal, compound-paniculate, commonly erect (rarely recurved), shortly peduncled, up to 19.3 cm. high, with numerous distichous, more or less pendent branches; branches and branchlets densely or subdensely several-flowered, rather short, with a fractiflex rachis. Floral bracts small, deltoid, acute or acuminate, concave, fleshy, spreading. Flowers very small, fleshy, rigid, yellow, greenish yellow, or green tinged with brown or purple. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, about 6 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals a little longer but much wider, very obliquely triangular-ovate or elliptic-ovate, Petals nearly as long as the dorsal sepal, linear or dorsally carinate above. oblanceolate-linear, obtuse to subacute. Lip about as long as the lateral sepals (including the claw), adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, concave-conduplicate, acute, transversely ovate when forcibly expanded and up to about 7 mm. wide (broader than long), broadly rounded or subcordate at the base, with a thickened line through the center. Column very short and stout, up to 3.5 mm. long from the base to the apex of the tooth on each side.
Huanuco: Playapampa, about 2700 meters, "open sphagnum uplands," Macbride 4892. Also Venezuela, Colombia (?type) and
Ecuador.
(as fruticulus) Schltr. Beih. 9: 84. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: Repert. nr. 462. 1929. Stems
Epidendrum fruticulum
Fedde
t.
118,
Plant epiphytic, rather slender for the genus, up to 40 cm. or more long. lax or arcuate, loosely 2- or 3-forked above, with numerous abbreviated, appressed branchlets, entirely invested by short, tubular, imbricating sheaths (evanescent on the lower portion), bearing groups of 2 or 3 distichous leaves on or at the base of the branchlets. Leaves oblong or oblong-elliptic ("ligulate"), apiculate at the rounded or bilobulate apex, deeply clasping at the base, up to 3.5 cm. long, 5-9 mm. wide, coriaceous, spreading. Inflorescences numerous, terminal at the tips of the abbreviated branchlets, racemose, few- (5- to 8-) flowered, spreading or recurved in the course of development, with a very short peduncle. Floral bracts small, linear-lanceolate. Flowers rather small, sulphur-yellow, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate with a calyptriform apex, about 8.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely obovateoblong, acuminate, dorsally carinate above, slightly longer and markedly broader
446
30
than the dorsal sepal. Petals shorter than the sepals, oblanceolate-linear, obtuse to subacute, lightly falcate above! Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, 4.2-5 mm. long in the center and 7-8 mm. wide across the lateral lobes, convex in natural position; lateral lobes
obliquely ovate-dolabriform with the rounded outer margins irregularly and minutely denticulate; mid-lobe a little smaller, porrect, subquadrate below, dilated
above with a bluntly 3-toothed apex; disc with a pair

a thickened line in the middle.
of fleshy calli at the base
and
rather large, abruptly dilated in front on the upper half, very oblique at the base, 6.2 mm. or less long, terminating on each side in a transversely oblong auricle.
Column
Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2800-3100 meters, in Junin: Mountains west of Huacapistana, thicket, Pennell 14127. 3000-3100 meters, Weberbauer 2053 (type).
Epidendrum Funkii Reichb. f. Linnaea 22: 839. 1849. Epidendrum brachycladium Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 60, no. 186. 1853. Epidendrum brachycladium (/3.) crassipes Lindl. I.e. Epidendrum
crassipes Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117: 25. 1916.
Plant medium-sized to large and stout, with a long creeping rhizome, up to about 1.6 meters high. Stem near the base with a more or less conspicuous, fusiform dilation which is about 15 cm. or less long, distichously leafed above, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths, which are evanescent below. Leaves up to 11, loose, oblong-linear to elliptic-oblong, up to 22.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, obtuse
and often apiculate, ascending. Inflorescence much surpassing the leaves, consisting of an elongate peduncle which is entirely concealed by close, scarious, imbricating sheaths, terminating in one or more distant, densely flowered, short racemes
Floral bracts generally short and much exceeded by the slender pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, pink or rose-purple to lavender or white. Dorsal sepal obovate-oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, acute to obtuse, up to 10 mm. long and 4 mm. wide. Lateral sepals very obliquely oblanceolate-obovate or oblong-obovate, acute and mucronate from a dorsal subapical keel, slightly
which are rarely branching.
longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals cuneate-spatulate or oblanceolate, more or less oblique, acute to obtuse, with the margins more or less denticulate, about as long as the dorsal sepal and either narrower or wider above. Lip adnate to the
column up
transverse,
up
to its apex, distinctly exceeding the sepals; lamina deeply 3-lobed, to 8 mm. long and 20 mm. wide; lateral lobes wide-spreading,
obliquely obovate-cuneate with the outer margins rounded or subtruncate and crenulate to lacerate-dentate; mid-lobe smaller or subequal, from a more or less distinct subquadrate base dilated and deeply bilobed at the apex; disc bicallose at the base, with a short or long fleshy ridge between the calli. Column short or
long, gradually dilated above, with a transverse dorsally acute auricle at the apex, up to 6.1 mm. long at the back.
on each side
Ayacucho: Apurimac Valley, Quebrada Pincopa, 2800 meters, Herrera 1456. Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 1500 meters, terrestrial on open hillside, Killip & Smith 22342. Same locality, 1000 meters, terrestrial on wooded hillside, Killip & Smith

22470.
447
Cajamarca: Prov. of
Jae*n, left lateral valley of
the River
Huancabamba, above Shumaya, 2400-2500 meters,
in grassy plains
of slight periodicity with scattering evergreen shrubs, Weberbauer 6292 (type of E. crassipes). Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2200-2400 meters, on rocky cliff above stream, epiphytic, Pennell 13985. Same locality, 2200-3000 meters, terrestrial in thickets and
Pennell 14063. Huanuco: McLean, Mathews (type of E. brachycladium) fide Lindley. Mufia, about 2100 meters, epiphyte "on sunny branches of dry woods," Macbride 3973. Junin: Huacapistana, 1800forest,
2400 meters, on open hillside, Killip & Smith 24201. Carpapata, above Huacapistana, about 2400 meters, on open hillside, Killip & Smith 24348. Prov. of Tarma, between Palca and Carpapata, 2900 meters, "all over the hills, mostly on shallow soil pockets in boulders," Stork 10961. Above Carpapata, mountain slopes, 2350-2400 meters, Ferreyra 3736. Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 2400 meters, on mountain slope covered with grass-steppe, Woytkowski 35466, 35467. Satipo, Conception, Km. 160, terrestrial on roadside, Seibert 2386. Puno,
fide Schlechter,
Colombia (type
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 146. 1921. of E. Funkii) and Bolivia.
Also Venezuela,
Epidendrum gastrochilum
1906.
Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 384.
Plant epiphytic, about 30 cm. or less tall, loosely branching above. Stems slender, entirely concealed by tubular sheaths which are evanescent through the basal portion, scarious in the lower part of the plant and leaf-bearing except at the
Leaves distichous, narrowly lanceolate-oblong or linearoblong (rarely elliptic-oblong near the base of the branches), abruptly truncate above with a bilobulate, apiculate apex, clasping at the base, up to 4.5 (rarely 6) cm.
base of the branches.
long and 6 mm. wide. Inflorescences terminal, racemose, pendent, loosely 3- to 4-flowered, with a very short peduncle. Floral bracts very minute, triangular. Flowers greenish brown or olivaceous. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate or "oblong," acute or acuminate, nearly 1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat longer and
broader, obliquely and broadly elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate. Petals about as long as the dorsal sepal, oblanceolate-linear, acute, "narrowly lanceolate, acuminate." Lip adnate to the column and forming a broad sack at the base, nearly 2 cm. long including the claw; lamina simple, broadly obovate-oblong, sinuateretuse in front with a triangular apicule in the center, denticulate throughout, about 8 mm. wide; disc with 4 short keels near the base. Column lightly recurved,
probably stout, about 8
mm.
long.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Chota, mountains west of Huambos, 29003000 meters, in sclerophyllous vegetation consisting of bushes with small trees interspersed, Weberbauer 4172.
This plant may be referable to the genus Diothonea, but I have seen only a photographic record of the type without a distinct lip.
448

diagnosis
30
The above
graph.
was amplified by an examination
of this photo-
Epidendrum geminiflorum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 354. 1816; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 49, no. 155. 1853. Epidendrum cajamarcae Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 81. 1921; Mansf. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 57:
t.
117, nr. 459. 1929.
Plant epiphytic, creeping, with stiff ascending, lateral branches. Stems (lateral branches) entirely or mostly concealed by loose, tubular sheaths, 3- to 4leafed near the summit, about 15 cm. high, more or less flexuous. Leaves oblongelliptic or "oblong," obtuse or shortly bilobulate at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 6.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, more or less coriaceous, spreading. Inflorescence terminal, 2- or 3-flowered, subumbellate, with the abbreviated peduncle concealed by a conspicuous, conduplicate spathe 2-4 cm. long. Floral bracts small, deltoid. Pedicelled ovary elongate, 2-4.5 cm. long. Flowers coriaceous, yellowish green or brownish green. Sepals with revolute margins. Dorsal sepal oblonglanceolate, about 1.8 cm. or less long, subacute to acuminate. Lateral sepals simPetals obliquely linear-lanceolate, nearly ilar but oblique, obtuse to acuminate. as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina broadly ovate in outline, cordate at the base, 3-lobed at the middle, about 1.2 cm. long, up to 1 cm. wide near the base; lateral lobes rounded or semiquadrate; mid-lobe triangular-ovate; disc with 2 or 3 carinate calli at the base. Column short, gradually dilated upward, about 7 mm. long.
Cajamarca: Chugua, northwest of Hualgayoc, 2700-2900 meters, Weberbauer 4102 (type of E. cajamarcae}. Also Colombia (type of E. geminiflorum) and Ecuador.
I
have examined a photograph
of Lindley's concept of this species.
Epidendrum Giroudianum
Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 4: 327. 1856.
Plant tall, rather stout, up to about 73 cm. or more tall. Stem stout, entirely concealed by tubular, leaf-bearing sheaths, about 30 cm. or more high. Leaves
distichous, numerous, elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, more or less narrowed to an obtuse apex, clasping at the base, up to 9.7 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Inflo-
rescence terminal, elongate, racemose at the apex; peduncle long, concealed by numerous close, tubular, more or less imbricating sheaths; raceme rather short, loose at the base, dense above, many- (10- to 12-) flowered. Flowers fleshy, purplish-red, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, acute, about 1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, apparently a little broader, oblique. Petals
nearly as long as the sepals, elliptic or oblanceolate-elliptic. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, bilobed at the apex, about 7 mm. long in the center and 7 mm. or more wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes strongly retrorse, subquadrate or "flabellate" with the anterior
margin revolute and the outer subtruncate margin sharply dentate; mid-lobe porrect, from a cuneate-subquadrate base abruptly dilated into 2 spreading, rounded lobules which are sharply dentate in front; disc occupied in the center of the base by a conspicuous, 7- to 9-lobulate, depressed callus. Column about 5 mm. long,
dilated above, with a tridentate clinandrium.

449
s.n. (cult. Gireoud). Plant described from the original citation together with drawings of the type, from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orch. 106. 1831. Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. London 4: 269. Epidendrum vandifolium 1849. Epidendrum Juergensenii Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n.s. 14: 524.
Epidendrum gladiatum
&
1880.
Plant variable, epiphytic on trees and rocks, about 52 cm. or less high up to the apex of the inflorescence. Stems approximate from an abbreviated rhizome, entirely concealed by close, tubular, imbricating sheaths which are scarious and evanescent below and leaf -bearing through the upper part, up to 46 cm. long, erect or lightly arcuate. Leaves few to numerous, linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate (rarely
elliptic-oblong or narrowly linear), abruptly acute to obtuse, deeply clasping at the base, up to 18 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide, rigidly ascending, commonly thickly coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, usually decurved, consisting of a single raceme or a few- to many-branched (but congested) panicle which is shorter than the
leaves,
having an abbreviated peduncle which
is
concealed
by
distichously imbri-
Pedicellate ovary rather cating, marcescent sheaths. Floral bracts very small. long and slender. Flowers medium-sized, greenish, yellowish or russet, often tinged
revolute sides.
with vinaceous (rarely lavender or purple). Segments spreading, commonly with Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate to obovate-cuneate, obtuse to
abruptly acute, up to 11.9 mm. long. Lateral sepals oblong-obovate or oblongoblanceolate, very oblique, about as long as the dorsal sepal but wider. Petals linear-spatulate or narrowly cuneate-oblanceolate, about equaling the sepals in length, obtuse to rounded at the apex. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, about 7.5 mm. or less long in the center, 11.6 mm. or less wide across the lateral lobes near the base; lateral lobes obliquely suborbicular to semiorbicular or rounded-subquadrate, with a rounded base, irregular outer margins and a more or less straight anterior margin; mid-lobe porrect, from a subquadrate base somewhat dilated into a bilobed apiculate apex (more rarely cuneate-quadrate in outline); disc with a pair of rounded calli at the base and commonly with 3 fleshy ridges in front. Column 8 mm. or less long, abruptly dilated in front above the middle.
Peru: Habitat unknown, Pavdn

Schlechter,
s.n.
(type).
Huanuco,
fide
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 148. 1921. A species apparently frequent in Mexico (where commonly known as E. vandifolium Lindl. or E. Juergensenii Reichb. f.). Also Bolivia, fide Schlechter, Fedde
Repert. Beih. 10: 70. 1922.
Epidendrum glossoceras
1854.
Reichb.
f.
&
Warsc. Bonpl.
2: 110.
Plant slender, up to 60 cm. high. Stem flexuous, nearly concealed by close, tubular, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves distichous, linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 15 cm. long and 8.5 mm. wide, ascending, rather numerous. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, about 13 cm. long, the peduncle being concealed by
1
450
30
or 2 lanceolate, foliaceous spathes. Raceme loosely many-flowered, up to 10 cm. long. Floral bracts small, triangular-setaceous, three times shorter than the pedicelled ovary. Flowers small, three times smaller than those of E. cornutum. Sepals
"lanceolate" or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate.
Petals linear-ligulate,
somewhat
shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, subquadrate, broader than long, with the truncateretuse outer margin minutely crenulate; mid-lobe porrect, linear-lanceolate or triangular-linear; disc with a broad, prostrate, triangular callus at the base of each
lateral lobe
produced in front into a long central keel extending through the middilated above.
lobe.
Column decurved,
s.n.
This description was drawn from the original citation and a drawing from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Epidendrum
1854.
gracilicaule Reichb.
f.
&
Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 111.
Vegetative parts lacking. Inflorescence more than 30 cm. long, often bifurcating at the apex into 2 short racemes; peduncle slender, entirely invested by a series of close, imbricating, tubular sheaths; racemes short, densely many-flowered,
suberect to pendent, up to 7 cm. long. Floral bracts very short, triangular. Flowers small, orange-yellow, with spreading segments, nearly 1.3 cm. across, rather fleshy. Sepals "oblong" or elliptic-lanceolate, acute, about 6 mm. long, the lateral ones
Petals similar to the sepals, but a little narrower. Lip adnate to its apex, about as long as the sepals; lamina deeply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, retuse at the apex, about 5 mm. wide and somewhat shorter in the center; lateral lobes obliquely triangular-ovate, cuneate at the base, rounded
probably oblique.
to the
column up
in outline at the apex, lacerate-dentate except near the base; mid-lobe flabellate in outline, transverse, retuse or bilobed at the dentate apex, separated from the lateral
lobes
by a narrow
pressed callus which
sinus; disc at the base with a prominent, hippocrepiform, deis crenate on the margin. Column about 3 mm. long, slightly
dilated upward, with a 3-lobed, but not serrate, clinandrium.
s.n.
This description
is
by a drawing
of the species
based on the original diagnosis, supplemented from the Reichenbach Herbarium.

Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orch. 103. 1831; no. 279. 1853; Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 88,
Epidendrum gramineum
Fol. Orch.
&
Epidendrum
37: 525. 1906.

Plant rather slender, strict or slightly arcuate, sometimes exceeding 60 cm. in Stems simple or more commonly branched with ascending, short or elongate branches, entirely concealed by close, tubular, pustulose, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, up to 6.5 cm. long and about 4 mm. wide, apiculate at the obtuse or abruptly acute apex, clasping at the base, erect-ascending, coriaceous, with minutely cartilaginous-erose margins. Inflorescences terminal, arcuate or pendent, usually loosely paniculate (with few branches), sometimes
height.
451
racemose, very shortly peduncled, loosely few- to several-flowered, the rachis often fractiflex. Floral bracts minute, ovate, about equaling the pedicelled ovary. Flowers very small, fleshy, greenish suffused with red, with spreading or reflexed sepals and
Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, subacute, up to 4.6 mm. long (according to Lateral sepals similar but a little I.e., all flower parts are 6-7 mm. long). larger, acute, subcarinate at the apex. Petals linear to elliptic-linear, subacute or obtuse, rather shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, about equaling the petals; lamina simple, ovate-cordate or cordate- triangular, concave, sharply acute or acuminate, a little shorter than the sepals, about 3 mm. long and somewhat wider; disc naked. Column very short and stout, clasped by the cordate auricles of the base of the lip, terminating on each side in a transversely
petals.
Kranzlin,
oblong auricle.
s.n. (type). Cuzco: Herrera 2156, 2160 (Bues coll.). Huanuco: Prov. of Huamalies, mountains 2159, southwest of Monzon, 3400-3500 meters, on cliffs, Weberbauer 3328.
Peru: Habitat not cited, Pavdn
Epidendrum gramma toglossum
Reichb.
f.
Linnaea 22: 837.

f.
1849; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 32, no. 97. 1853; Reichb. Walp. Ann. 6: 350. 1862.
Plant rather small, up to 26.5 cm. tall, epiphytic on trees or rocks, with a stout, creeping and sometimes branching rhizome. Pseudobulbs approximate to subremote, cylindric or narrowly ellipsoid to fusiform, bearing 2 (very rarely 3) leaves
near the summit, mostly concealed by several imbricating, evanescent sheaths, 2.5-8 cm. long. Leaves linear-oblong or linear, obtuse or abruptly acute and shortly apiculate, clasping at the base, up to 17.6 cm. long, 5-11 mm. wide, subcoriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, shorter or longer than the leaves, loosely few- to many-flowered above the middle, up to 20.2 cm. long, the base of the peduncle clothed with a small, membranaceous, conduplicate spathe of variable length. Flowers small, fleshy, with spreading segments, yellow to green, the white lip often lined with purple. Dorsal sepal narrowly triangular-lanceolate, long-acuminate with a complicate apex, up to 9 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely triangularlanceolate, long-acuminate, a little longer and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals narrowly oblong-lanceolate, linear or elliptic-linear, acute or acuminate, distinctly shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the lower part of the column; lamina sharply 3-lobed, with a shortly and broadly cuneate base, 5.2 mm. or less long, and subequally wide below when expanded; lateral lobes erect and enfolding the column in natural position, round-ovate, more or less retrorse, subcordate to truncate at the base; mid-lobe porrect, triangular or linear-triangular, long-acuminate, some-
times very fleshy; disc with a pair of approximate, oblong calli or an oblong, concave, retuse callus between the lateral lobes. Column short, straight, prominently
3-toothed at the apex, 4 mm. or less long, the lateral teeth longer and the middle tooth with a thinner lamina in front of it.
Ayacucho: Aina, between meters, in open woods, Killip
Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
& Smith 22600.
Cuzco Prov.
:
of
Uru-
bamba, 2250 meters,

5085.
"Kil. 96, F.C.C. Sta.
Ana" on
rocks, Vargas
Junin:
Chanchamayo Valley, 1500
meters, Schunke s.n.
Same
452
30
locality,
(type),
1200 meters, Schunke 1305, 1336, 1639. Colombia and Ecuador.

Lindl.
Also Venezuela
Epidendrum grandiflorum
Hook. Journ. Bot.
3: 86.

Plant large and stout, about 36 cm. or more tall. Stem entirely concealed by tubular leaf-sheaths, about 1 cm. wide. Leaves distichous, about 4 in number in the type, linear-oblong or elliptic-linear, obtuse, up to 21.3 cm. long and
close,
2.3
cm. wide, deeply clasping, spreading.
Inflorescence terminal, about 20 cm.
long, lightly arcuate, racemose through the upper two thirds, the peduncle concealed by 2 prominent, oblong, scarious, conduplicate spathes; raceme subdensely many-flowered, with a more or less flexuous rachis. Floral bracts minute, setaceous
from a broad base.
Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate Lateral sepals equally long, but distinctly wider, very obliquely lanceolate-elliptic or semiorbicular. Petals linear, falcate, nearly as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina oblate("oval"), acute, 1-1.5 cm. long.
Flowers large, coriaceous.
suborbicular, somewhat broader than long, cordate at the base, retuse at the apex, with the posterior margins crisped; disc with 2 elevated veins or short keels at the
base and with a thickened ridge through the middle. toward the apex.
Column
abbreviated, dilated
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1871.

Description compiled from the cited diagnoses, supplemented records from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
by
by Mr. A. D. Hawkes,
a
homonym
it has been pointed out Orquidea 18: 173. 1956, that this name is and he proposes for it the new name, E. Sanderi.
in
Epidendrum haematanthum
86. 1921;
Schltr.
t.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

118, nr. 464. 1929.
9:
Plant tall, erect, up to 1 meter high, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems altogether concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing through the upper half. Leaves numerous, erect-spreading, oblong-ligulate, obtuse, up to 8.5 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide, somewhat dilated toward the base. Inflorescence terminal, slender, up to 45 cm. tall, the slender peduncle provided with about 7 close, tubular sheaths, bearing at the summit an abbreviated, densely many-flowered raceme.
Floral bracts linear-lanceolate, small.
scarlet,
Flowers medium-sized, spreading, bright smooth. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong ("oblong"), obtusely apiculate, about
1.3 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique. Petals obliquely lanceolate-elliptic, subacute, about as long as the sepals, with irregular margins. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina ovate-quadrate in outline, sharply 3-lobed,
deeply cordate at the base, about 7 mm. long and almost 11 mm. wide near the base; lateral lobes obliquely semiovate, obtuse, denticulate except at the base; mid-lobe from a subquadrate claw abruptly dilated into a broadly reniform, bilobulate, apiculate apex, the rounded lobules being crenulate-dentate; disc provided in the center with a large, ovate, subobtuse callus and with a small callus on each

side extending onto the middle of the lateral lobes.
453
dilated
Column straight, a little
above, about
cm. long.
Cuzco: In the neighborhood of Tambo Cotani, on the road from Sandia to Chunchusmayo, 1500 meters, Weberbauer 1286.
No
specimen of this species was available.

Presl, Rel.
Epidendrum Haenkeanum
Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Haenk.
1: 100. 1827;
Epidendrum 58, no. 179. 1853. Epidendrum juninense Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 87. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert.
Beih. 57:
t.
119, nr. 466. 1929.
Plant large, terrestrial or sub terrestrial to epiphytic (often climbing), up to 13 dm. high, with an ascending rhizome up to 3 meters long. Stems simple or commonly branched with suberect or divaricate branches which often produce
scattering, long fibrous roots, mostly concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are scarious and evanescent below and leaf-bearing in the upper portions. Leaves loosely distichous, 4-8 on the upper part of the branches, oblong-lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate (rarely elliptic-lanceolate), up to 13 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, narrowed to an acute or acuminate (often apiculate) apex, clasping at the base, widely spreading, subcoriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, loosely and laxly panic-
few divaricate branches, loosely few- to many-flowered, about 19 cm. or less long, the short peduncle often bearing a small inconspicuous spathe. Pediulate, with
ovary slender, elongate, much exceeding the triangular-lanceolate, acuminate Flowers medium-sized, subfleshy, greenish with white petals and lip, pinkish-yellow, greenish-yellow or rose-cream color, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate, acute with a dorsal mucro, 16-22 mm.
celled
floral bracts.
long.
Lateral sepals very obliquely oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate, sharply acute, with the prominent subapical keel extended into a mucro, a little longer and broader than the dorsal sepal, obliquely adnate to the column at the base. Petals spatulatelinear, oblique, obtuse to acute, nearly equaling the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, slightly exceeding the sepals; lamina sharply 3-lobed, deeply cordate at the base, 5-10 mm. long in the middle, up to 16 mm. wide across the
lateral lobes; lateral lobes suborbicular-oval, lightly reflexed in natural position,
with the outer margins crenulate-denticulate; mid-lobe variable, quadrate to oblong-cuneate, retuse and bluntly apiculate with erose lobules; disc with a pair of complanate-rounded calli at the base enclosing a central fleshy- thickened line. Column long, slender, abruptly dilated near the apex in front, terminating in a pair of transversely subquadrate auricles, 12-18 mm. long at the back.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, in mountains, Haenke s.n. (type). Cuzco: Paucartambo, "Pillahuata," 2900 meters, on wooded slopes,
Vargas 2053.
meters, in
Prov. of Convention, "Alturas de Pintobamba," 2700

of dense forest,
meters, epiphyte, Vargas 3553. Prov. of
Urubamba, Tuncapata, 2800 Vargas 264-7. Prov. of Urubamba, "Huinaihuaina," 2550 meters, Vargas 4116. Huanuco: Huacachi, near Mufia, in "montana," about 2000 meters, Macbride 4105. Prov. of Huanuco, Carpish, about 2850 meters, Asplund 13129. Between
humus
454

at
30
Huanuco and Tingo Maria,

small trees, Seibert 2303.
:
Junin Right lateral 6611 (type of E. juninense).
2150 meters, climbing through Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Sawada P. 37. valley of Rio Comas, 2700 meters, Weberbauer
Km. 41,
Epidendrum Harmsianum
Beibl. 117: 24. 1916.
Plant low, with a long-creeping rhizome. Pseudobulbs closely approximate in contact at the base, cylindric or ellipsoid-cylindric, obliquely appressed to the rhizome, up to 4.5 cm. long, diphyllous, provided with a triangular, evanescent sheath. Leaves elliptic-oblong to elliptic, broadly obtuse or retuse and minutely bilobulate at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 6 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescence a little shorter than the leaves, up to 4 cm. long, 1- or rarely 2-flowered at the apex, with the peduncle partly concealed by a conspicuous, oblong, conduplicate spathe which is about 2.5 cm. long. Pedicellate ovary up to 2.5 cm. long, many times surpassing the minute bract. Flowers sulphur-yellow. Sepals oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute, about 1.6 cm. long, thickly
and apparently
fleshy, the lateral sepals lightly oblique.
little
shorter than the sepals and
much
Petals narrowly oblanceolate, subacute, thinner in texture. Lip adnate to the
to its apex; lamina when forcibly expanded transversely round-oval or "transversely ovate-oblong," abruptly short-apiculate in front, subcordate at the base, up to 8 mm. long and 13 mm. wide; disc with a pair of rather distant, small tubercles at the base. Column large, dilated upward from near the base, about
column up
10
mm.
long, the posterior
margin
of the
clinandrium with a prominent, erect lobe.
(5 10 '-5 20' S. Br.), 2600-2900 mein sclerophyllous vegetation consisting of shrubs and scattering ters,
Cajamarca: Prov. of Jaen
small trees, Weberbauer 6134.
Description made from an excellent photograph of the type men, supplemented by the original diagnosis.
speci-
Epidendrum Hartwegii
Fol. Orch.
Lindl. Benth. PI. Hartweg. 150. 1844;
Epidendrum 36, no. 113. 1853; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 228. 1944. Epidendrum fuscum Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
t.
9: 84. 1921;
118, nr. 463. 1929.
Plant epiphytic, commonly rather large, variable, up to 39 cm. high from the stout, creeping rhizome. Pseudobulbs more or less separated on the rhizome, fusiform to narrowly cylindric in the dried specimen, up to 17 cm. long, bearing 2
distinctly separated leaves near the summit, clothed below by 2 to 6 scarious, imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaves linear-oblong or ligulate to narrowly ellipticoblong, obtuse to rounded at the apex, clasping below, up to 28 cm. long and 3.2
cm. wide (the Peruvian collections often much smaller), coriaceous, erect-spreading. Inflorescence terminal, subequaling or slightly exceeding the leaves, up to over 21 cm. long, erect to lightly arcuate, racemose above, the peduncle being enclosed
at the base
by a conduplicate, oblong, membranaceous, evanescent spathe which

is
455
Floral
6.7
cm. or
less long.
Raceme
loosely several- to
many-
(14-) flowered.
Flowers rather small, fleshy, with spreading segments, yellowish, reddish-brown or purplish-brown tinged with yellowish-green, often with dark red or violet-purple petals. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate, obbracts minute, deltoid.
tuse or acute,
up
to 12.2
mm.
long.
Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-ovate, shortly
acuminate, about equally long and broad with the dorsal sepal. Petals nearly as long as the sepals, variable, obovate-oblong to cuneate-spatulate, acute or apiculate. Lip adnate to the basal part of the column; lamina subequally 3-lobed, up to 6.6 mm. long (7 mm. in E. fuscum) and somewhat wider across the lateral lobes, cuneate at the base; lateral lobes suborbicular or rounded-subquadrate from a cuneate base; mid-lobe quadrate-ovate, abruptly and obtusely acute; disc mostly
short and stout, straight,
occupied in the center by an ovate-oblong, sulcate, puberulent callus. Column somewhat dilated upward, 3-toothed at the apex, up to 5 mm. long (6 mm. in E. fuscum).
Cajamarca: Eastern slopes of the Cordillera above Tabaconas, 2400 meters, Weberbauer 6301 (type of E. fuscum). Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2200-2400 meters, in forest, Pennell 13984- Huanuco: Yanano, about 1800 meters, Macbride 384-3. Also
Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador (type of E. Hartwegii).
Epidendrum Herreranum
Ci<nc. Exact. Fisic.
C. Schweinf. Rev. Acad. Colomb.
y Natur.
5: 350. 1943.
Plant epiphytic, stout. Primary stem or rhizome suberect to gently arcuate, entirely concealed by imbricating, scarious, evanescent sheaths, producing numerous appressed pseudobulbs which are 2-5 cm. distant at their base. Pseudobulbs
slender-cylindric
and closely rugose-striate in the dried specimen, up to 6 cm. long, monophyllous, concealed and surpassed by a loose, conduplicate, scarious sheath which is marcescent in age. Leaf nearly erect, elliptic-oblong to oblong, obtuse to subacute with a minute apicule, narrowed below, sessile, up to 12.5 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescence solitary, 2- to 3-flowered near the apex, erect (recurved in course of development), provided at the base with a loose, scarious sheath, up to 7.5 cm. long. Floral bracts minute, triangular, concave. Flowers subapproximate, rather large, with the sepals brown-reddish and the petals and lip yellow. Dorsal sepal elliptic or ovate-elliptic, obtuse with a dorsal mucro, concave,
about 20
mm.
long.
Lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal but slightly shorter
and broader, oblique at the base. Petals rhombic-spatulate, lightly oblique, subacute, slightly shorter and broader than the lateral sepals. Lip adnate to the col-
umn up to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed, deeply 12 mm. long in the middle and 27.6 mm. wide across
cordate at the base, about
the expanded lateral lobes; lateral lobes obliquely rounded-dolabriform; mid-lobe obovate-flabellate in outline, broadly retuse in front, from a short subquadrate claw abruptly dilated into
a pair of suborbicular-quadrate oblique lobules; disc at the base with a pair of complanate, semiorbicular calli. Column short, stout, very abruptly dilated above in front, terminating on each side in an oblique subquadrate auricle.
in dense forest,
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Puyupatamarca area, 3200 meters, Vargas 2755.
456
30
This diagnosis is based in part on material of the type received since the original description was written.
number
(as ybaguense) HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1816; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 229. 1944. Epidendrum radicans Pav. ex Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 104. 1831. Epidendrum decipiens Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 70, no. 221.
Epidendrum ibaguense
1: 352.
Epidendrum chrysostomum Reichb. f. Allg. Gartenz. 24: 98. Epidendrum laetum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 6: 37. 1919; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 5, nr. 19. 1929. Epidendrum Baumannianum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 126. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 44, nr. 169. 1929. Epidendrum fraternum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 133. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 47, nr. 180. 1929. Epidendrum Smithii Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 149. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 53, nr. 203. 1929. Epidendrum sororium Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 150. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 53, nr. 204. 1929. Epidendrum huanucoense Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 86. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert.
1853. 1856. Beih. 57:
t.
118, nr. 465. 1929.
Plant exceedingly variable both vegetatively and florally, epiphytic or terresStems stout or slender, entirely concealed by close, trial, 15-150 cm. or more tall. tubular, imbricating sheaths which are leaf-bearing except near the base, often producing long white roots from the sides. Leaves distichous, commonly numerous, oblong, oblong-ovate, oblong-elliptic, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oval, up to 12 cm. long and 4 cm. wide (commonly much smaller), obtuse or rounded (some-
times bilobulate) at the apex, deeply clasping below, more or less fleshy or coriaceous, sometimes minutely erose or denticulate. Inflorescence terminal, simple or more rarely few-branched above, up to 70 cm. long, shortly racemose at the apex,
by numerous close, tubular, scarious sheaths. or less abbreviated, usually densely few- to many-flowered. Pedicellate ovary far surpassing the more or less minute bracts. Flowers medium-sized, with spreading segments, orange-yellow through vermilion to dark red or rosy to
the elongate peduncle enveloped
Racemes more
purple or rarely white. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate-elliptic, acute to subobtuse, 7-22 mm. long. Lateral sepals of similar size, oblique, lanceolateelliptic (semielliptic) or oblong-oblanceolate, acute to subobtuse. Petals obliquely lanceolate-elliptic to very narrowly elliptic-oblong (rarely rhombic-lanceolate or rhombic-oblanceolate), nearly as long as the sepals, either narrower or broader
than the sepals, entire or denticulate. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed, cordate to subtruncate at the base, more or less retuse in front, 5-12 mm. long in the middle, 7.5-18 mm. wide near the base; lateral lobes
rounded-dolabriform, semiorbicular or rarely broadly subquadrate, more or less incurved in front, with the margins irregularly crenate or dentate to lacerate-dentate; mid-lobe cuneate or oblong-cuneate (rarely cuneate-reniform) in outline, from a quadrate or subquadrate claw more or less dilated into a commonly bilobulate apex with rounded, dentate lobules; disc with a pair of small semielliptic or semiobovate complanate calli and a prominent more or less elongate central keel. Column

dilated upward, 7-11
457
mm.
long at the back, with a crenulate or crenate-dentate
clinandrium.
Peru: Habitat uncertain, Warscewicz (type of E. chrysostomum)

.
Huanuco: Near Monzon, 1000-1500 meters, among open shrubs on

Also the grass steppe, Weberbauer 3463 (type of E. huanucoense) Mexico (type of E. radicans), Central America, the West Indies
(Guadeloupe and Martinique), British Guiana, Venezuela (type of E. laetum*), Colombia (type of E. ibaguense, E. Baumannianum, E. decipiens, E. fraternum, E. Smithii and E. sororium), Brazil and
probably Ecuador and Bolivia, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
8: 141. 1921,
and 10:
72. 1922.
Epidendrum ibaguense HBK. var. confluens (Lindl.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 232. 1944. Epidendrum fulgens Brongn. Duperr. Voy. Coquille Bot. Phan. 196, t. 43.
3, pt.
5: 121.
1898.
Epidendrum
Schomburgkii Lindl. var. confluens Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 70, Warsc. Bonpl. 2: no. 219. 1853. Epidendrum calanthum Reichb. f.
&
Epidendrum paytense Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 220. 1855. Epidendrum pristes Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n.s. 26: 262. 1886. Epidendrum caucae Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 127. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 45, nr. 171. 1929. Epidendrum Filomenoi
111. 1854.
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 83. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57:
t.
117, nr. 461. 1929.
Plant closely similar to E. ibaguense, but differs in having the mid-lobe of the (without any distinct claw), and smaller than or subequal to the lateral lobes. Other differences found in constituent species are that the leaves reach a length of 15 cm., the mid-lobe of the lip is much smaller than the lateral lobes (E. fulgens Brongn.), the lobes of the mid-lobe are sometimes overlapping (E. paytense Reichb. f.) and the relatively small flowers have sepals 7 mm. long and column 5 mm. long (E. Filomenoi Schltr.).
lip sessile
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. (type of E. calanCuzco: Valle Marcapata, Camino Hacienda Cadena a QuinceHuanuco: Pampayaco mil, about 1100 meters, Scolnik 951, 952.
thum).
(Pampayacu), Hacienda at mouth of Rio Chinchao, about 1070 meMacbride 5113. Prov. of Huanuco, between Carpish and Tingo Maria, 2700 meters, evergreen woods, Ferreyra 1233. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke s.n. Same locality, 1500 meters, Schunke 1111. Same locality, 1600 meters, Schunke 1876, 2042. Vitoc, 1000 meters Soukup 2462. Loreto: Near Moyobamba, Filomeno s.n. (type of E. Filomenoi}. Piura: La Payta, Warscewicz s.n. (type of E. paytense). Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert.
ters,
458
30
ters,
Beih. 9: 146. 1921, sub E. calanthum. San Martin: Lamas, 840 meWilliams 6365. Also Brazil (type of E. fulgens), Trinidad,
Surinam, British Guiana and Colombia (type of E. caucae).
Epidendrum ibaguense HBK.

C. Schweinf. Bot.
var.
Schomburgkii
(Lindl.)
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
11: 235. 1944.
Epi-
dendrum Schomburgkii Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24, Misc. 15, no. 16 & t. 53. 1838; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 70, no. 219. 1853; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 120. 1898. Epidendrum splendens Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 93. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 121, nr. 475. 1929.
The stems and leaves of this variety commonly larger than in the species, the leaves reaching 16 cm. in length and 5.6 cm. in width. Flowers usually distinctly larger than in the other forms of E. ibaguense. Sepals lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
ing the sepals. Lip acute or apiculate.
acuminate, up to 3.5 cm. long. Petals similar or sometimes slightly exceedcommonly with a long-clawed mid-lobe which is prominently
Junin: Along Rio Perene, near "Hacienda 3," Colonia Perene, about 600 meters, terrestrial in thickets, Killip & Smith 25222. La Merced, about 600 meters, Macbride 54.50. Loreto: Condorcanqui, Rio Ucayali, near Rio Maquia, Seibert 1888. Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan, 100-125 meters, on river-bank, Schunke 66. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 681. Manfinfa, on upper Rio Nanay, Williams 1155. Valley of Rio Marafion, San Isidro, near mouth of Rio Pastaza, 150 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 29181. Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug 10061. Near Moyobamba, 1000 meters, on shrubs in savanna-woods, Weberbauer 4544 (type of E. splendens). Also British Guiana (type of E. Schomburgkii), Surinam, Venezuela and Ecuador (fide Schlechter, Fedde
Repert. Beih. 8: 140. 1921).
Epidendrum imatophyllum Lindl. Gen. & Sp.

Fol. Orch.
Orch. 106. 1831;

Fl. Bras.
Epidendrum
71, no. 222. 1853;
Cogn. Martius
3, pt. 5: 123. 1898.
Plant variable, more or less robust, epiphytic, up to 7 meters high with a creepbranched rhizome. Stem simple, entirely or mostly concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are scarious and soon waste into fibers below and are leafbearing above. Leaves numerous, distichous, linear-oblong to elliptic-linear (rarely linear-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong), up to 18.7 cm. long and 2.4 (rarely 3.1) cm.
ing, stout,
wide, obtuse to rounded or rarely emarginate at the tip, clasping below, thickly coriaceous, erect-spreading. Inflorescence terminal, exceeding the leaves, more or less elongate, racemose at the apex (sometimes with one or more short lateral
racemes), the peduncle more or less concealed by several commonly elongate, close, tubular sheaths; raceme short, usually densely many-flowered, rarely up to 16 cm.

long, erect or recurved.
459
Floral bracts triangular, long-acuminate,
much exceeded
by the pedicelled ovary. Flowers medium-sized, pink or rose-purple to carmine, membranaceous, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate or
elliptic-oblanceolate, sharply acute or acuminate, 1.1-2 cm. long. Lateral sepals about equaling the dorsal sepal, obliquely semielliptic or elliptic-lanceolate (rarely
oblong-oblanceolate), acuminate. Petals lanceolate-elliptic or rhombic-lanceolate (often broadest above the middle), acute or acuminate, a little longer and distinctly
broader than the sepals (often much so), with the margins often irregular or lobulate. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, somewhat shorter than the other segments; lamina round-oval or broadly subquadrate-ovate in outline, cordate at the base, more or less distinctly 3-lobed, up to 8 mm. long in the middle and subequally wide near the base; lateral lobes dwarf, laciniate; mid-lobe subrounded or obovate, subtruncate and abruptly mucronate in front, crenulate to sharp-dentate on the sides; disc with a pair of small complanate calli at the base and a median,
more
when viewed from
or less elongate keel. Column gradually dilated upward, more or less sigmoid the side, 3-toothed at the apex, about 1 cm. or less long.
Huanuco: Prov.
of
Huanuco, Tingo Maria,
in forest,
Asplund
12477. Six kilometers south of Tingo Maria, in moist valley near highway, about 730 meters, Seibert 2256. Loreto: Gamitanacocha,
Rio Mazan, 100-125 meters, on river-bank, Schunke 44- Along Rio Itaya ("Rio Mazan"), Williams 169. Maquisapa, on the upper Rio Nanay, Williams 1213. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte in forest, Klug 1305. Valley of the upper Marafion River near the mouth of the Santiago River, on river-bank, Tessmann 4879. San Martin: Juan Jui, Alto Rio Huallaga, 400-800 meters, epiphyte on river-bank in forest, Klug 4301. Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, epiphyte in mountain forest, Klug 3669. A variable species extending from Mexico through Central America to Panama and in South America from Trinidad through the Guianas (type), Venezuela, Colombia and Peru to Brazil.
Epidendrum inamoenum
1906.
Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 525.

Stems
Plant robust, 15 cm.-l meter in height, with an abbreviated rhizome.
approximate, stout, with a more or less decumbent base, apparently simple, entirely concealed by tubular, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves numerous, distichous, lanceo-
up to 8 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide, broadly obtuse to rounded (rarely bilobulate) at the apex, clasping at the base, coriaceous, rigidly ascending. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, abbreviated, densely few- (up
late-oblong to (rarely) ovate-oblong,
to 14-) flowered, erect or more commonly nodding, with the rachis about 3.5 cm. or less long. Flowers rather small, green turning brown, or wine-red, fleshy. Dorsal sepal "oblong" or elliptic, up to 11 mm. long, acute. Lateral sepals obliquely ovateelliptic,
acute, dorsally more or less carinate, a little longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate or elliptic ("oblong"), acute, nearly as long as the dorsal sepal.
its
Lip adnate to the column nearly to
apex; lamina broadly ovate in outline, trans-
460
30
verse, lightly 3-lobed above, subcordate at the base, obtusely rounded at the apex, up to about 7.7 mm. long in the middle and 10.5 mm. wide near the base; disc with
a pair of fleshy keels merging into a fleshy thickening in front. Column short, very stout, dilated upward, terminating on each side in a fleshy subquadrate auricle, up to 7 mm. long including the auricle.
Apurimac: Prov. of Andahuaylas, ravine north of Chincheros, 2800 meters, on shrubby hillside in mixture of clay and gravel, Stork & Horton 10756. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, mountains east of Talca, 2700-3000 meters, on grassy plains with scattering shrubs, Weberbauer 2456 (type). Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, "Ollachea a Pte. Ackapampa," 3200-3450 meters, on cliffs, Vargas 6992.
Epidendrum inamoenum
1
Kranzl. var.
robustum
C. Schweinf.
Bot. Mus. Lean Harvard Univ. 16: 11. 1953.

.
Plant differs from the species in being about twice as large throughout. Stems 2 meters high. Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, up to 15 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. Flowers pale yellow or greenish yellow, much larger than those of the type, the sepals being about 17 mm. or more long. Lamina of the lip suborbicularovate, simple to distinctly 3-lobed above, about 12-14 mm. long in the middle and 15-17 mm. wide.
up to
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, "Kil. 97-108, F.C.C.S.A.," 2200 meMachu-Picchu, 2040 ters, on rocky slope, Vargas 3408 (type). on rocky slope, Vargas 5551 (showing several suberect meters,
branches).
Epidendrum incisum
entirely or mostly concealed
Reichb.
f.
& Warsc.
Bonpl. 2: 112. 1854.
Species described only from the terminal portion of an inflorescence. Peduncle by rather long, close, tubular sheaths, with 1 or more
Racemes densely many-flowered. Flowers small, charSepals and petals oblong-elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate ("oblong"), about 1.2 cm. long, apiculate. Lip entirely adnate to the column; lamina rounded
short floriferous branches.
taceous, scarlet.
in outline; lateral lobes rounded-dolabriform, dentate
on the outer margins; mid-
lobe transversely oval-reniform, bilobed with a triangular sinus; disc through the base with an oblong, lobulate callus, which is extended toward the apex into a keel.
Column
dilated above, with dentate auricles on each side at the apex.
This concept appears to be insufficiently distinct to place in a key,
and seems, perhaps, to be referable to E. xanthinum Lindl. I have examined a drawing with a floral analysis, from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
it

is
by Mr. A. D. Hawkes, in Orquidea 18: 168. 1956, that this name a homonym, and he proposes for it the new name, E. Bulkeleyi.
461
Epidendrum laceratum
Univ. 15: 143,
t.
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard
43. 1952.
Figure 85.
Stems slender, simple or somebase, lightly flexuous, entirely concealed by loose, tubular sheaths which (except the lowermost) are leaf-bearing. Leaves distichous, ascending or spreading, linear, rounded at the apex with a more or less distinct apicule, sessile and clasping at the base, up to 2.1 cm. long and 2.5 mm. wide on the upper
Plant dwarf, epiphytic, about 4.5 cm. high.
what branched near the
Inflorescence sessile or subsessile, umbelliform, erect, with congested flowers. Flowers small, white, with the pedicellate ovary bialate. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, abruptly acute, about 5.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, complicate and mucronate at the apex, dorsally carinate, a little longer and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals ellipticlinear, obtuse, slightly oblique, distinctly shorter than the dorsal sepal but equally wide. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina broadly ovate in outline, abruptly concave in the middle of the base, the lower two thirds on each side prominently and irregularly lacerate-dentate and the anterior third triangular-ovate, entire and obtuse, lightly cordate at the base, about 4.8 mm. long and equally wide when expanded. Column short, straight, with two teeth on each side, about
portion of the plant.
about 5 or
less
2.7
mm.
long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Sta. Isabel to Asuncion, 1800

meters, epiphyte, Vargas 5583.
Epidendrum lanipes
Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Epidendrum
91, no. 291.
1853; Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 26: 465. 1899.

Plant rather large, epiphytic. Stems approximate, fusiform or fusiform-cylinwith a somewhat decumbent base, up to 75 cm. tall, many-jointed, mostly concealed by tubular sheaths which are scarious and evanescent below and leafbearing above. Leaves distichous, on the upper part of the stem, ligulate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, up to 25 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide, obtuse and often minutely bilobulate at the apex, clasping at the base, coriaceous, ascending. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, with few to several distichous, remote, divaricate branches, up to 28 cm. in length along the main rachis and nearly as wide, finely pubescent throughout, the branches being loosely many-flowered. Floral bracts minute, deltoid. Flowers small, yellow, or brownish yellow with yellowish white lip, the entire outer surface of the sepals (and pedicelled ovary) finely pubescent. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, about 8.5 mm. long, obtuse or subacute, dorsally umbonate at the apex. Lateral sepals semiobovate or obliquely obovateoblong, a little longer and markedly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear or oblanceolate-linear, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, much surpassing the sepals; lamina sharply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, lightly retuse in front, about 5.3 mm. long in the center and 8 mm.
dric,
wide across the expanded lateral lobes; lateral lobes semiovate or rounded-dolabriform; mid-lobe larger, porrect, cuneate-oblong, dilated above with a retuse and apiculate apex; disc with a pair of complanate-rounded calli at the base and 3 short
Column relatively large, dilated upward, terminating in a pair of very oblique, transverse, bilobed auricles, about 6 mm. long at the
keels in front of them.
back.
EPIDENDRUM
laceratum
+J
Schweinfurth
FIG. 85.
expanded;
Epidendrum laceratum C. Schweinf. 1, plant; 5. 3, column and lip, three quarters view; X 5.
462
2.
2,
flower,

Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 3183 and Bolivia.
(type).
463
Also Colombia
Epidendrum latisegmentum
Harvard Univ. 11: 91,
t. 6, figs.
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
7-11. 1943.
Figure 80.
Plant epiphytic, rather large and straggling. Stem elongate, laxly arcuate, with scattered strict or appressed branches, apparently wholly concealed by tubular sheaths which are scarious and evanescent below and leaf-bearing above. Leaves distichous, few (about 4) confined to the upper portion of the stem or branches, elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, acuminate, cuneate at the clasping base, widely spreading, up to 17 cm. or more long (the longest blade incomplete above) and 3 cm. wide, the lower blades successively much smaller and subremote, submembranaceous. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, apparently 5-flowered (broken in the specimen at hand), subtended by a small, erect, conduplicate spathe. Flowers large, yellow-green. Dorsal sepal oval-obovate, subacute, about 19 mm. long and 13 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely obovate-oval, acute, a little larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals cuneate-spatulate, obtuse or subacute, about as long as the dorsal sepal, but a little narrower. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, obovate-reniform, with the truncate anterior margin lightly retuse, about 16.5 mm. long and 25 mm. wide; disc fleshy, densely cellular-papillose on both surfaces, remotely bicallose at the base. Column abbreviated, very stout,
dilated upward.
Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and
Moyobamba, 600-
1200 meters, in
forest,
Klug
0.9.
Epidendrum Lechleri
Reichb.
f.
Linnaea 41: 38. 1876.
Plant medium-sized. Stems 20 cm. or more tall, bifurcate above, entirely concealed by loose, tubular or infundibuliform, imbricating sheaths which are leaf -bearing above. Leaves distichous, about 4 to a branch, mostly "ligulate" or oblong-lanceolate (the lower ones ovate-lanceolate), acute, clasping at the base,
up
to about 6.5 cm. long
reflexed
and 1.1 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, porrect or above the peduncle, about 7.5 cm. or more long, with an ancipitous
Raceme rather loosely several-flowered. Floral bracts triangularFlowers medium-sized, lanceolate, acuminate, equaling the pedicellate ovary.
peduncle. Sepals about 13 mm. long, "ligulate" Petals linear-cuneate, acute. oblong-lanceolate, subacute. Lip probably strongly adnate to the column; lamina 3-lobed; lateral lobes large, rounded; mid-
very coriaceous, with spreading segments.

or
lobe small, dentiform; disc with a pair of obtuse ridges in front of these. Column nearly straight.
calli
at the base
and
3 fleshy
"Jabine Peruviae," Lechler 2546 (type).
Puno,
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 149. 1921. This description was compiled from a drawing of a specimen, supposedly the type, in the Reichenbach Herbarium combined with the diagnosis of the type. In the latter the number was given as "Lechler 2540
(forsan et 2544)," whereas the drawing
is
recorded as Lechler 2546.
464
30
Epidendrum liguliferum
vard Univ. 11: 92,
Plant
tall.
t.
8, figs.
4-5. 1943.
Figure 86.
above, sometimes with a
Stem
lax, lightly flexuous or fractiflex
single elongate branch,
up
sheaths which are close, and leaf-bearing above. Leaves loose, distichous, numerous, lanceolate or ellipticlanceolate (rarely oblong-lanceolate), minutely erose at the acute or acuminate apex, amplexicaul at the base, up to 12.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide (the lower blades
more than 60 cm. tall, mostly concealed by tubular scarious and evanescent below, and approximate, looser
to
much
Inflorescence terminal, arcuate, loosely severalsmaller), subcoriaceous. flowered above, about 13 cm. or more long; peduncle about 4.2 cm. long, provided with a small spathe having an oblong-lanceolate free portion. Floral bracts con-
narrowly triangular-lanceolate, shorter than the pedicelled ovary. Flowers medium-sized, greenish-white, with spreading or reflexed segments. Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong, acute, about 16.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely oblong-obovate, sharply acute, dorsally carinate above, somewhat shorter than the dorsal sepal but equally wide or wider. Petals linear-spatulate, obtuse, nearly as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina convex in natural position, subquadrate-reniform when expanded, subcordate at the base, shallowly 3-lobed at the truncate apex, about 8.9 mm. long in the middle and 17.9 mm. wide; lateral lobes semiorbicular or roundeddolabriform with the outer margins irregular; mid-lobe transversely oblong or reniform, shallowly retuse; disc with a pair of conspicuous basal, spreading, free, ligulate calli and a fleshy-thickened median line. Column conspicuous, abruptly much dilated in front above, terminating in a pair of obliquely subquadrate auricles, about 12 mm. in greatest length.
spicuous,
Huanuco: Cani, 7 miles northeast

"floor of dense
of Mito,
about 2600 meters,
stream-wood," Macbride 3543.
Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 67, no. 210. Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 26: 476. 1899. 1853;
Plant stout, medium-sized.
Epidendrum Lima
Stems up
to 3 meters high,
more
or less branched
opposite the leaf-articulations, entirely concealed by close, tubular, verrucose sheaths which are leaf-bearing except at the base of the branches. Leaves numerous, distichous, elliptic-oblong to lanceolate-elliptic (rarely narrowly lanceolate to oval and much smaller at the base of the branches), up to 12 cm. long and 3
cm. wide, acute (often abruptly so), clasping at the base, spreading, thinly coriaceous. Inflorescence racemose or paniculate, subequaling or slightly exceeding
the leaves, loosely several- to many-flowered, lax and diffuse. Pedicelled ovaries much exceeding the linear-lanceolate bracts. Flowers medium-sized, subfleshy, Dorsal sepal linear-oblanceolate, acute, olive-green, with spreading segments.
less long. Lateral sepals obliquely and narrowly oblongoblanceolate, acute with a more or less prominent dorsal, subapical mucro, about as long as the dorsal sepal but broader, very obliquely adnate to the column at
about 1.85 cm. or
the base.
column up
position,
Petals spatulate-linear, nearly as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the to its apex, slightly surpassing the sepals; lamina convex in natural
commonly distinctly 3-lobed, cordate at the base, about 8 mm. long in the middle and slightly broader across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes obliquely ovate-rounded, with irregular or lobulate margins; mid-lobe much larger, cuneate
E^PIDE^NDRAJM
TTiaobridei
FIG. 86.
Epidendrum Macbridei C. Schweinf.

2. 3, pollinia
1,
plant;
X %.
2, flower,
expanded;
in situ;
10.
E. liguliferum C. Schweinf.
4, plant;
X K-
5, flower,
expanded;
1.
465
466
30
to cuneate-subquadrate, shallowly retuse and bluntly apiculate; disc with 2 basal, prominent flattened calli and 3 more or less prominent thickened lines in front of these. Column long, slender, dilated above in front, 1.3 cm. or less long, ter-
minating in a pair of transversely oblong, retuse auricles.
Junin, ex Kranzlin, fide Schlechter, 1921. Ecuador (type).
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 149.
This description was drawn from an Ecuadorian collection (Leh6730) cited by Kranzlin as representing E. Lima, as well as from two other Ecuadorian collections of this species and a photographic record with floral analysis of the type from the Lindley Herbarium.
mann
Epidendrum
1:249. 1798.
lineare Ruiz
& Pav.
Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
Huanuco: Chinchao and Muna, in open woods. huassi, on trees and rocks, Pavon s.n.
Junin: Huassa-
Judging from a photograph of the supposed type in the Ruiz & Pavon Herbarium at Madrid, this species closely resembles the Middle American E. luteoroseum A. Rich. & Gal., but the details of the flower
are obscure.
The concept
which has been referred to E.

(Fedde Repert. Beih.
Coilostylis obtusifolia Rafin. (Fl. Tellur. 4: 37. 1836), lineare as a synonym by Schlechter
9: 149. 1921), is also too indefinite to place.
Epidendrum longirepens (Schweinf.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Lean Harvard Univ. 16: 12. 1953. Epidendrum Schlechterianum Ames var. longirepens C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11:
1
115. 1943.
Plant small, with a long-creeping, flexuous rhizome consisting of short connectives between the abbreviated stems, producing numerous adventitious roots.
jointed and imbricating leaf-sheaths.
by loose, flaring, unLeaves very small, distichous, approximate, spreading-recurved, oblong-ovate, up to 7.5 mm. long and 4.4 mm. wide when expanded, rounded at the apex with a minutely bilobulate and mucronate tip, apparently very fleshy when fresh. Flowers apparently solitary, sessile, greenrose, rather small. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute and apiculate, about 8.9 mm. long, dorsally carinate. Lateral sepals similar, acute and apiculate, oblique at the base with the center adnate to the column, slightly narrower than the dorsal sepal, with a prominent, dorsal, winged keel which is denticulate above. Petals oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute, markedly shorter than the sepals but equally wide with the lateral sepals. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina cordate-suborbicular or broadly ovatecordate, rounded and abruptly mucronate in front, about 5 mm. long and 5.9 mm.
Stems very
short,
about 5.8
mm.
long, wholly concealed
467
wide, fleshy, with finely denticulate margins. Column abbreviated, terminating on each side in a prominent, oblique, rounded-subquadrate auricle, denticulate on
the retuse middle portion, about 3.9
mm.
long to the tip of a lateral auricle.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 1274.
Epidendrum Macbridei
Univ. 11: 94,
t.
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard
8, figs. 1-3.
1943.
Figure 86.
Plant epiphytic, rather small and delicate, about 29 cm. or less high, from a shortly creeping rhizome. Stems slender, approximate, spreading, more or less flexuous, entirely concealed by tubular sheaths which are evanescent on the lower
part and leaf-bearing above, about 20.5 cm. or less long. Leaves distichous, 7-10, elliptic-lanceolate (rarely elliptic-linear), acuminate, cuneate at the clasping base,
up
to 10.3 cm. long
and
smaller),
spreading, submembranaceous.
1.75 cm. wide (the uppermost Inflorescence
and lower blades much

a short, virgate, few-
branched panicle which is sheathed below and is surpassed by the leaves, with the branches very loosely 7-flowered or less. Flowers small, subfleshy, greenishDorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate, subacute, white, with spreading segments. concave, about 8.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-oblanceolate, acute and mucronate, a little larger throughout than the dorsal sepal. Petals filiform, slightly broader above, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina small, flabellate-subquadrate in outline, cordate at the base, 3-lobed in front, about 3 mm. in greatest length and 5 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes obliquely ovate-dolabriform with the outer margins lightly emarginate near the base; mid-lobe smaller than the lateral lobes and not exceeding them in front, transversely oblong from a cuneate base, broadly truncate in front with a small triangular apicule in the middle; disc occupied
throughout the center by a large, fleshy, oblong-ovate, 3-lobulate, bisulcate callus. Column much dilated above in front, terminating in a subquadrate bilobed auricle on each side, about 4 mm. long at the back.
Huanuco: Pampayaco (Pampayacu), hacienda at the mouth of Rio Chinchao, about 1070 meters, Macbride 5081
.
Epidendrum macrocyphum
1905.
Plant variable, stout or slender, up to 1 meter high, with an abbreviated rhizome bearing stout, fibrous roots. Stems approximate, commonly decumbent at the very base, entirely concealed by tubular sheaths which are scarious and evanescent at the base and leaf-bearing above. Leaves distichous, 3-11 in number, more or less dense, ovate-oblong to lanceolate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse to rounded (rarely subacute) at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 6.6 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide, coriaceous to thickly fleshy. Inflorescence terminal, with an elongate peduncle which is concealed by numerous close, scarious, evanescent, tubular sheaths; raceme densely or subdensely many-flowered, more or less arcuate, the rachis up to 12.5 cm. long, sometimes with 1 or 2 appressed branches. Floral bracts very small, triangular, long-acuminate, much shorter than the elongate pedicelled ovaries. Flowers medium-sized, with spreading segments, purple or reddish-purple, sometimes with white at the base of the lip. Dorsal sepal
468
30
Lateral sepals very obliquely oblong-elliptic, acute, about 8-11.5 mm. long. elliptic-oblong or broadly oblong, acute, somewhat longer and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblong-obovate, abruptly acute, shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, distinctly exceeding the rest of the
perianth, about 19 mm. or less in greatest length; lamina sharply 3-lobed, about 9 mm. or less long in the middle; lateral lobes obliquely subquadrate-
dolabriform to obliquely semiovate with the subcordate posterior margin and the straight anterior margin entire and the outer margins irregularly lacerate-dentate to crenate-serrate; mid-lobe more than twice as large, obovate in outline, from a
cuneate base dilated into a pair of divaricate, rounded, dentate lobules separated by a V-shaped sinus; disc with a pair of basal calli which are prolonged into lobulate keels, and a central higher keel extended toward the apical sinus. Column stout, somewhat dilated upward, about 4 mm. long at the back, with a denticulate or dentate clinandrium.
in front
Cajamarca: Prov. of Hualgayoc, near Santa Cruz, 2000-2200 meopen habitat of shrubs mingled with herbs, bromeliads, grasses and numerous cacti, Weberbauer 4119 (type). Huanuco: Between Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 316 (a large plant both vegetatively and florally) Fifteen miles northeast of Huanuco, about 3000 meters, in shady gullies among brush, Macbride & Featherstone 2147. Mito, about 2700 meters, hanging from rock cliff, Macbride 3329
ters, in
.
Epidendrum macrogastrium
1905.
Plant with a long-creeping, rooting rhizome. Stems 2-3 cm. distant, mostly concealed by 2 loose, pale sheaths, 1- to very rarely 2-leafed above. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, subacute, up to 10 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, rather thickly coriaceous. Peduncles subequaling the leaf, adorned a little above the base with a short sheath. Racemes congested, more or less subumbellate, few-flowered.
Floral bracts minute, far shorter than the elongate, twisted, pedicelled ovary. Flowers yellow. Dorsal sepal oblong, acute, 1.2 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, more or less oblique. Petals narrowly linear, obtuse, subequally long with the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex and forming with it an equally long, broad sac, about 1.5 cm. long including the column; lamina simple, very broadly cordate, concave-conduplicate, apiculate at the obtuse apex, about 1.5 cm. wide when expanded; disc with 2 minute calli at the base and a thickened median line. Column straight, with the lateral lobes of the clinandrium termi-
nating in a minute auricular appendage.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Chota, 2700-2900 meters, mountains west in sclerophyllous vegetation (chiefly shrubs and small trees), Weberbauer 4181.
of
Huambos,
This description was translated from the original diagnosis.
Epidendrum macropodum Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 327. 1856. obscure concept, perhaps referable to E. xanthinum Lindl.
An

Stem (incomplete below)
entirely invested
469
by
tubular, leaf-bearing sheaths.
Leaves distichous, 4 or more, oblong to elliptic-oblong, about 8.7 cm. or less long, up to 2 cm. wide, obtuse or "subacute," clasping below. Inflorescence terminal, the erect peduncle entirely concealed by several elongate, close, tubular sheaths
and bearing at the summit 2 arcuate, sublaxly several-flowered racemes. Floral bracts triangular, very short, with the lower ones longer. Pedicelled ovary slender,
about 2 cm. long. Perianth small, with spreading segments. Sepals not described; the lateral ones appear to be obliquely elliptic-oblanceolate and about 8 mm. long. Petals "spatulate" or oblong-spatulate, acute. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, longer than the rest of the flower; lamina sharply 3-lobed, subquadrate
in outline; lateral lobes small, flabellate-rounded or "semiovate," dentate-lacerate; mid-lobe more than twice as large, flabellate or flabellate-reniform, abruptly dilated into a pair of divergent, quadrate-rounded lobules which are sharply den-
on the outer margin; disc with a large central round-ovate callus which sharply dentate on each side, with a keel in the forward portion.
tate
is
Peru(?)
Habitat not recorded, Jameson
s.n.
The above description, based on a photograph of a specimen, presumably the type, from the valley of Lloa, western side of Pichincha, supplemented by the type diagnosis, is included only for
the sake of completeness.
Epidendrum maculatum Ruiz &

Chil. 1:243. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv. et
Junin: Huassa-huassi and Palca, in steep rocky places and very low hot places, Pavdn s.n. This species is obscure.
it
by Mr. A. D. Hawkes, in Orquidea 18: 173. 1956, that this name is a homonym, and he proposes for it the new name, E. Teuscherianum.
Epidendrum magnicallosum
Harvard Univ.
11: 96,
t.
9, figs. 1-3.
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 1943. Figure 87.
Plant epiphytic, very variable vegetatively, with an abbreviated creeping rhizome. Stems approximate, slender, up to 16.3 cm. high, gradually slightly dilated upward, entirely concealed by several close, tubular, imbricating sheaths which are evanescent in the course of development, monophyllous at the apex. Leaf lanceolate-linear, acuminate, narrowed to a clasping base, about 20.5 cm.
or less long (incomplete in the type), up to 1.2 cm. wide, rigidly suberect, coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, elongate, slender, entirely concealed by close, tubular, evanescent sheaths, up to 30.4 cm. long (incomplete in specimen seen), remotely
provided on the upper portion with several short, strict, few-flowered branches or clusters of branches (as in E. anceps Jacq.). Flowers small, cream-colored or white and lilac, rather fleshy. Dorsal sepal ovate-oval, abruptly acute, about 8.5 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals similar but somewhat smaller, obliquely ovate-oval, acute. Petals cuneate-obovate or cuneate-spatulate, rounded to acute at the apex, as long
-.
i*<s
ubre n nor me
i
C<
Oc
X K. X 23^.
1.
FIG. 87.
flower,
expanded;
Epidendrum magnicallosum C. Schweinf. X 2J^. 3, flower from side, natural

4,
1, plant; position;
2,
E.
subreniforme C. Schweinf. from side, natural position;
plant;
1.
A..
5, flower,
expanded;
6,
flower
470

as the lateral sepals.
ple,
471
Lip adnate to the column nearly up to its apex; lamina simsuborbicular-obovate, minutely retuse and apiculate at the broadly rounded apex, about 5.8 mm. long and subequally broad above; disc mostly occupied by Column stout, abbreviated, a large subquadrate-ovate, acute, 5-lobed callus.
about 2
mm.
long.
Ovary with a small subglobose
vesicle at the
summit.
Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug 10117 (type). Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 984 (plant abnormally small).
Epidendrum mancum
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 83, no. 3.

Plant medium-sized, loosely branching.
loose, tubular, imbricating sheaths
Stem
entirely concealed
by rather
which are scarious and often evanescent below and leaf-bearing above. Leaves 2-4 to a branch, loosely distichous on the upper portion of the stems or branches, oblong-elliptic to narrowly elliptic-oblong, about 10 cm. or less long and 2 cm. or less wide, lightly bilobulate at the rounded apex,
clasping at the base, fleshy-coriaceous.
Inflorescence terminal, suberect to arcuate,
about twice or more longer than the leaves, racemose above; peduncle more than half concealed by 1 or 2 prominent, complanate spathes which are about 6.5 cm. or less long; raceme rather loosely many-flowered, about 16 cm. or less long, with small to minute floral bracts. Flowers small, fleshy, orange and yellow, yellow spotted with red, or green and red. Dorsal sepal rounded-obovate or oblong-oval, broadly obtuse and apiculate, about 6.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals very similar but a little wider. Petals cuneate-spatulate, rounded or subacute at the apex, nearly as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, about as long as the sepals; lamina small, simple, ovate, concave with incurved margins; disc mostly occupied by a large callus with or without membranaceous margins. Column relatively large, stout, dilated upward, terminating on each side in an oblique auricle.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 150. 1921. Also Ecuador (type) and Colombia.
Epidendrum megagastrium
Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Epidendrum
49,
no. 156. 1853; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 146. 1898.
Plant large, with a creeping or ascending stem which is loosely branching, more or less rooting, and entirely or mostly concealed by tubular, usually imbricating sheaths, the lower sheaths being close, scarious and evanescent and the upper ones
and leaf-bearing; lateral stems or branches short, ascending, up to 16 cm. long, concealed by tubular, imbricating sheaths which are commonly leaf-bearing except at the very base. Leaves 2-6 to a branch, distichous, loose, widely spreadloose
ing,
ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong (rarely ovate-elliptic), obliquely bilobulate at the obtuse to rounded apex, clasping at the base, up to 9.5 cm. long and 3.5 cm.
wide, coriaceous. Inflorescence abbreviated, densely racemose, 2- to 6-flowered, the rachis mostly or entirely concealed by 2 (rarely 1) imbricating, conduplicate spathes. Floral bracts minute, much shorter than the slender pedicellate ovary
less fleshy.
which bears a slender elongate sac near the apex. Flowers medium-sized, more or Dorsal sepal lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute
472
FIELDI ANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
or acuminate, 2 cm. or less long.

elliptic-lanceolate, slightly wider
Lateral sepals similar, obliquely lanceolate or
than the dorsal sepal, obliquely adnate to the column at the base. Petals narrowly elliptic-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, almost equaling the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, ovate-triangular, cordate at the base, acute or acuminate at the apex, concave, 11-12 mm. long in the middle, 9-10 mm. wide; disc with a pair of minute, carinate
calli
at the base
mm.
and a more or less thickened median line. Column stout, up to long at the back, with a transverse auricle on each side at the summit.
trees,
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, on
Mathews
s.n. (type).
Hua-
nuco: Cani, 7 miles northeast of Mito, about 2600 meters, on shrubby Junin: Palca, 2700 meters, Soukup 3500. hillside, Macbride 3451.
Also Ecuador.
Epidendrum mesomicron
no. 161. 1853.
Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Epidendrum
51,
Plant stout, with a creeping rhizome (often not shown in the specimens). Stems about 17-43 cm. high, concealed below by close, tubular, scarious sheaths, distichously leafed above. Leaves 2-6, more or less remote, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 3.4-16 cm. long, up to 5.7 cm. wide, rounded at the apex, amplexicaul at the base, spreading. Inflorescence erect, racemose to sparingly paniculate (with few, short, lateral branches), up to 20.5 cm. tall; peduncle with a solitary, more or less prominent spathe near the base; raceme (or panicle) up to 14 cm. long, loosely severalto many-flowered. Flowers pale green or yellowish green, with spreading segments.
Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong or broadly oblanceolate, acute, up to 13.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely obovate-oblong or broadly oblanceolate, acute at the thickened apex, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear-oblanceolate, oblique and very lightly sigmoid, acute or obtuse, slightly shorter and much nar-
rower than the sepals.
Lip adnate to the column up to
its
apex; lamina deeply
3-lobed, cordate at the base, up to 8 mm. long and 13 mm. wide across the lateral lobes when expanded; lateral lobes obliquely oblong-oval or semiorbicular-dolabri-
form ("rounded"), irregularly dentate on the outer margin; mid-lobe much smaller, triangular-ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse, fleshy; disc with 2 prominent, complanate-conical calli at the base and carinate-thickened nerves on the lateral lobes.
Column rather short, with the upper part abruptly dilated in front, up to 8 high at the back.
ters, in
mm.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Hda. Ttio, Marcapata, 2000 mehumid forest, Vargas 3121. Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Carpish, 2850 meters, epiphyte, Asplund 13131. Bolivia (type).
description of the calli on the lip in the type diagnosis scarcely applicable to the two Peruvian collections.
The
is
no. 22. 1841; Fol. Orch.
Lindl. Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 88, Epidendrum 89, no. 283. 1853; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 237. 1944. Amblostoma holochilum Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 387. 1912; Mansf. Fedde Repert.
Epidendrum micranthum
Beih. 58:
t.
40, nr. 158. 1930.
473
Plant epiphytic, variable, medium-sized to large, with an apparently abbreviated rhizome. Stems approximate, cylindric to fusiform-cylindric, about 12-35 cm. long, entirely concealed by tubular, imbricating sheaths which are close, scarious and evanescent below and leaf-bearing near the apex. Leaves 3-5, more or less congested near the apex of the stem, distichous, linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, clasping at the base, up to 23.6 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide (more or less variable in size on the same plant), spreading. Inflorescence terminal, commonly a few- or many-branched panicle (rarely a raceme), more or less surpassing the leaves, with spreading, elongate, slender branches. Floral bracts inconspicuous, with a broad triangular base and acuminate-setaceous apex. Flowers very small, numerous, sublax, greenish yellow or brownish white. Sepals carinate without. Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong, subobtuse and apiculate, 3 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-elliptic, slightly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely oblanceolate-linear, obtuse, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, slightly exceeding the sepals; lamina very variable in form, simple or subsimple, oblong-ovate to ovate-subrotund or subquadrate-ovate, cordate at the base, broadly rounded to slightly retuse at the truncate apex, about 2 mm. in greatest length; disc with a more or less distinct, small trilobulate or tri carinate callus at the base. Column stout, strongly sigmoid-dilated toward the apex in front. Ovary with a semiglobose vesicle at the summit.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1858 (type). Huanuco: Between Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 318. Pampayaco (Pampayacu), hacienda at the mouth of Rio Chinchao, about 1070 meters, Macbride 5116. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke s.n., 1313. Chanchamayo, Rio Blanco, about
1400 meters, on tree trunk in woods, Kohler s.n. (type of Amblostoma Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25465. Prov. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1900 meters, on forest tree, Woytkowski 35364, 35378.
holochilum).
Epidendrum micro-Cattleya
Beih. 9: 150. 1921.
(Kranzl.) Schltr. Fedde Repert. Neolehmannia Micro-Cattleya Kranzl. Fedde
Repert. 1: 180. 1905.

Plant small, with a creeping, somewhat branched rhizome which is often arcuate in the dried specimen and is entirely concealed by the dense pseudobulbs. Pseudobulbs cylindric or "fusiform," 1- or 2-leafed at the summit, plurisulcate and more
or less arcuate
3 cm. long.
when dry, partially invested by a scarious, evanescent spathe, up to Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, bilobulate and apiculate at the obtuse apex, clasping at the sessile base, up to 5.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, fleshy-coriaceous, spreading. Inflorescence short, terminal, subequaling or shorter than the
leaves, 1- or 2-flowered at the
summit, the lax peduncle being partly concealed by a conspicuous, conduplicate spathe about 2 cm. long. Floral bracts minute, many times exceeded by the elongate pedicelled ovary which bears through the upper part a long narrow tube. Flower medium-sized, campanulate, purple. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong, obtuse, about 1 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique. Petals broader and nearly as long as the sepals, thinner in texture. Lip longadnate to the column; lamina entire, oblong or elliptic, rounded at the apex; disc
474
30
with 2 short, rather conspicuous lamellae and a lightly thickened mid-nerve.
Column
short, stout.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, mountains west of Huacapistana, 26003000 meters, in humid open forest mingled with shrubs, Weberbauer 2078.
This description was drawn from an excellent photograph of the type specimen of Neolehmannia Micro-Cattleya, supplemented in part by the description of this concept.
Epidendrum microtos
Martius
Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 4: 326. 1856; Cogn.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 53. 1898.
Plant described only from a large straggling panicle, without any

vegetative parts.
Panicle large, the slender ascending branches apparently about 9 or 10 cm.
more or less fractiflex above, together with the pedicelled ovary densely scabrous or verruculose. Flowers medium-sized, with spreading segments, rather fleshy. Dorsal sepal oblong-cuneate, acute, about 1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, slightly oblique. Petals about equaling the sepals, oblong-spatulate, obtuse. Lip almost free from the column; lamina sharply
distant; branches loosely several-flowered,
3-lobed, equaling the sepals in length; lateral lobes small, obliquely triangularoblong, lightly retrorse, subobtuse, with a subangulate dilation in the middle of the
posterior margin; mid-lobe much larger, suborbicular from a cuneate base, strongly undulate-crenate at the broadly rounded apex; disc with a broad, flattened, basal
callus extending into 3 thickened lines, all the nerves being elevated. Column rather long, clavate, with a pair of small, incurved, obtuse auricles above.
Peru: Near sources of the
Maranon
River, Warscewicz s.n.
example of this species was available, contains a photograph of the type.
No
but the
Ames Herbarium
Epidendrum minutidentatum
Harvard Univ.
11: 99,
t.
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
10, figs. 1, 2. 1943.
Figure 88.
Plant epiphytic, medium-sized, about 24 cm. or less tall. Stem slender, divaricately branched above, entirely or mostly concealed by loose, tubular-infundibuliform sheaths which are leaf-bearing on the upper part of the stem and branches.
Leaves numerous, small, distichous, oblong, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, apiculate at the obtuse or rounded apex, clasping at the base, up to 3.8 cm. long and 1.25 cm. broad, widely spreading. Inflorescence terminal, very short, racemosesubumbellate, 1- to 3-flowered, the abbreviated peduncle concealed by 1 (rarely 2) Pedicellate ovary conspicuous, slender, fusiform broad, conduplicate spathes. above, about 2 cm. or more long. Flowers rather small, reddish-brown. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, subacute, about 10 mm. long, with the margins (except at the base and the apex) denticulate-erose. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, sharply acute
and mucronate.
8.8
mm.
long, obtuse, with the
Petals obliquely elliptic-oblong or rhombic-lanceolate, about upper margins denticulate-erose. Lip adnate to
E:PIDRNDRUM
minutidentatum
FIG. 88.
flower,
Epidendrum minutidentatum C. Schweinf.
expanded; expanded; X 1.
2.
E. orbiculatum C. Schweinf.
3,
1, plant; 1 plant; X A.
Y^.
2,
4, flower,
475
476
the column up to
30
its apex; lamina deeply concave, simple, suborbicular-ovate or quadrate-ovate, deeply cordate at the base, lightly retuse in front, with the margins (except near the base) conspicuously denticulate, about 10 mm. long and slightly broader when forcibly expanded; disc with a pair of conspicuous, compla-
nate calli at the base. Column short and stout, dilated upward, terminating on each side in a transversely subquadrate auricle.
wood
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Marcapata, 3100 meters, "bushconsisting of high shrubs and small trees, with many hard-leafed types," Weberbauer 7804-
Epidendrum minutiflorum
Harvard Univ.
11: 100,
t.
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
11, figs. 1-9. 1943.
Figure 89.
Plant small, slender, epiphytic. Stems slender, more or less arcuate, provided with numerous short branches, entirely concealed (together with the branches) by close, tubular, evanescent sheaths which are leaf-bearing on the upper part of the
branches, the main stem often producing short, adventitious roots at the nodes. Leaves 1-4 to a branch, distichous, subterete, filiform, up to 5.3 cm. long, abruptly acute or apiculate, ascending or spreading. Inflorescence terminal, racemose above, up to 4.5 cm. long, the peduncle more or less concealed by a slender, conduplicate,
scarious spathe.
Raceme rather short, loose, up to 11-flowered. Flowers very small, little open, subglobose-ellipsoid, greenish white. Sepals fleshy, concave. Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, mucronate, about 3.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals slightly
and broadly ovate, sharply acute and mucronate, dorsally cariPetals linear, acute, shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina very small, simple, concave, cordate-ovate, about 1.9 mm. long and nearly as wide at the base; disc at the base with a pair of relalarger, obliquely
nate.
Column large and stout for the flower, tively large, fleshy, approximate calli. terminating in a transversely subquadrate auricle on each side, about 2.7 mm. long including an auricle.
de
la
Cajamarca: Prov. of Cutervo, "10 km. northwest of Socata, ceja montana," 3200 meters, Stork & Horton 10140.
Reichb.
f.
Epidendrum modestum
1854.
&
Warsc. Bonpl.
2: 110.
Plant stout. Stem stout or slender, entirely concealed by close, tubular, imbricating leaf-sheaths, reaching about 82 cm. in height. Leaves numerous, distichous, oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, more or less long-attenuate into a subobtuse
or acuminate apex, clasping at the base, up to 16.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate (rarely racemose), lax, few-branched,
from
5,
FIG. 89. Epidendrum minutiflorum C. Schweinf. 3, dorsal sepal; X side, natural position; X 5.
1, 5.
plant;
1. 2, flower 5. 4, lateral sepal;
petal;
5.
8,
column and anther from above;

5.
6,
lip
from
10.
side;
9,
column and anther from below; X

5. 7,
lip
from above;
E.
10.
lip
nanum
C. Schweinf. 10, plant; X from side, natural position;
1.
11, flower,
13,
X 2>.
expanded; X 1^. 12, lip, expanded; X 2^.
and column
E.PIDEJNDRUM
477
478
30
with arcuate or flexuous branches, apparently subequaling or slightly exceeding the upper leaves, the abbreviated peduncle being concealed and surpassed by 1 or 2 strict, narrowly oblong, conduplicate spathes which are 10 cm. or less long. Floral bracts minute. Flowers rather small, numerous, sublax, with spreading segments, often tan-colored. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, acute to subobtuse, up to 14.5 mm. long and 3.9 mm. wide. Lateral sepals very slightly larger, obliquely oblong-oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, acute or sharply acute. Petals nearly as long as the dorsal sepal, oblanceolate-linear, acute or subacute, slightly oblique. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, up to 7 mm. long in the center and 10 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes rounded-semi ovate, with irregular to denticulate margins; mid-lobe subquadrate, slightly dilated to the truncate apex which is retuse and apiculate; disc at the base with a pair of fleshy calli flanked with a minute keel on each side and with a fleshy- thickened line in the middle. Column slender, dilated above in front, terminating on each side in a transverse auricle, about 10 mm. long.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. (type). Cuzco: San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, about 1800 meters, Cook & Gilbert 921 Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, on road between Palca and San Ramon, about 2000 meters, epiphyte in mountain rain-forest in the valley of the Palca River, Hodge 6246.
.
The above diagnosis was drawn from the original description, from a drawing of E. modestum from the Reichenbach Herbarium, and from two collections which appear to be surely referable to this concept. Both of these collections differ from the type as drawn in having narrower and more attenuate leaves. The Hodge collection, cited above, is the only complete specimen which we have seen. Furthermore, it differs from the other forms in having a rather slender stem, a racemose (not paniculate) inflorescence and somewhat smaller and more fleshy flowers which are noted as tan-colored.
Epidendrum monzonense
Plant epiphytic, low. Rhizome elongate, creeping, entirely concealed by the dense, appressed pseudobulbs. Pseudobulbs apparently cylindric and slightly dilated below, finely striate in the dried specimen, monophyllous at the apex, partly concealed by loose imbricating sheaths, up to 6 cm. long and 5 mm. thick. Leaf elliptic to oblong, broadly obtuse with a minute apicule, clasping at the base, up to 10 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, fleshy-coriaceous, commonly erect. Inflorescence terminal, abbreviated, 3-flowered at the apex, the peduncle and rachis concealed by a conspicuous, complanate spathe which is about 5 cm. long. Flowers mediumsized, with spreading segments, brown with a yellow lip. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, about 1.8 cm. or less long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, decurved. Petals elliptic-oblong, acute, subequaling the sepals but thinner, with minutely erose margins. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed, markedly shorter than the sepals, about 1 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide; lateral lobes dolabriform-semiorbicular, with minutely erose margins; mid-lobe
479
cuneate or obcordate, bilobed with a thickly fleshy, deflexed point in the sinus; disc convex, bituberculate at the base. Column arcuate-decurved, dilated above, about 8 mm. long, terminating in a transverse auricle on each side.
Huanuco Prov. of Huamalies, mountains west of Monzon, 34003500 meters, on cliffs, Weberbauer 3351 This description was compiled by a careful examination of an excellent photograph of the type collection, supplemented by the
:
.
diagnosis.
Epidendrum moyobambae Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 185. 1905. Epidendrum subpatens Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 17: 40. 1922. Epidendrum benignum Ames, Sched. Orch. 2: 26. 1923. Epidendrum amazonicum Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 42, Abt. 2: 78. 1925.
Plant large and stout, variable, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems approximate, erect or suberect, up to 78 cm. long, entirely invested by close, tubular sheaths which are scarious and evanescent below and usually green and leaf-bearing in the upper portion. Leaves commonly numerous, distichous, spreading, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate to oblong (rarely narrowly oblong), acute or subacute, deeply clasping at the base, up to 16.5 cm. long and 4.6 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescence
terminal, commonly solitary, more or less elongate, racemose (very rarely with 1 or 2 short branches near the base), arcuate or pendent (rarely suberect), loosely fewto many-flowered, the abbreviated peduncle bearing 1 to rarely 5 small, scarious, imbricating spathes. Floral bracts very small, deltoid, much shorter than the slender, elongate pedicelled ovary. Flowers rather large, with spreading segments, greenish, brownish-green, yellow or cream-color sometimes with lilac and a white lip. Sepals fleshy. Dorsal sepal oblong-obovate to oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse, 1.6-2.2 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, subacute. Petals similar to the dorsal sepal but narrower and thinner in texture, oblong-cuneate to linear-oblanceolate, subacute to obtuse. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, much surpassing the rest of the perianth, about 2-2.9 cm. long including the column; lamina
sharply 3-lobed, 2-2.9 cm. wide, deeply cordate at the base; lateral lobes very obliquely semiorbicular-dolabriform; mid-lobe somewhat smaller than the lateral lobes, from a more or less distinct subquadrate claw (rarely almost sessile) abruptly dilated into a pair of broadly oblong or suborbicular lobules separated by a deep sinus with a small apicule in the middle; disc with 2 complanate calli at the base and with a central fleshy, elongate keel extending toward the apex. Column
strongly but gradually dilated upward in front, terminating on each side in an oblique transverse auricle, up to 1.4 cm. long.
Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, epiphyte in forest, Asplund 13400. Chinchavillo, 850 meters, epiphyte, Scolnik 1093. Loreto: Near Moyobamba, 800-900 meters, in forest (rather dry
with scattered shrubs), Weberbauer 4563 (type of E. moyobambae). Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, beside river, Klug 10024, 10025. San Martin Juan Jui, Alto Rio Huallaga, about 400 meters, in forest,
:
A widespread and variable species extending from Guatemala through Costa Rica (type of E. benignum) to Panama (type
Klug 3815.
480
30
of E. subpatens), Trinidad,
Colombia and Brazil (type
of E.
ama-
zonicum)
Epidendrum muricatum
Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 4: 327. 1856.
Plant apparently large and stout (only the upper part of the plant shown in records seen), terrestrial, up to 2 meters high. Stem robust, entirely concealed by Leaves distichous, elliptic-lanceolate or close, tubular, imbricating leaf-sheaths. ovate-lanceolate, sharply acute or acuminate, clasping at the base, up to 23 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, subcoriaceous, spreading. Inflorescence large, terminal, paniculate, the numerous, arcuate, muriculate branches being subremote and subtended
large and conspicuous, acuminate, spathaceous bracts. Floral bracts narrowly triangular-lanceolate, much shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Pedicellate ovary and exterior surface of the sepals densely muricate. Flowers very numerous, rather
by
loose, small, green,
sometimes with a white lip. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong or obovate-oblong, concave, acute or subacute, fleshy, about 9-10 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, sharply acute, slightly
Petals distinctly shorter and thinner than the sepals, oblanceolate-linear or linear, obtuse, irregularly sinuate-denticulate above, strongly reflexed. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina convex, simple, sub-
wider than the dorsal sepal.
orbicular-oval or orbicular-subquadrate, cordate at the base, emarginate in front, sinuate-dentate or irregularly erose-dentate on each side, about 5.5 mm. in greatest
length and a
in front of
little
is
which
wider; disc with a pair of fleshy, subglobose calli at the base a large, fleshy, bisulcate callus (or 3 approximate fleshy calli).
Column
stout, distinctly dilated
upward
transversely oblong auricle, about 5.5
mm.
in front, terminating long at the back.
on each
side in a
"Amazonas,"
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 150. 1921.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convencion, heights of Pintobamba, 2700 meters, Junin: Carpapata, above Huacapistana, in woods, Vargas 32412700-3200 meters, at the edge of the forest, Killip & Smith 24435.
Ecuador
(type).
Since the completion of this enumeration, it has been pointed out by Mr. A. D. Hawkes, in Orquidea 18: 170. 1956, that this name is a homonym and he proposes for it the new name, E. Goodspeedianum.
Epidendrum nanum
Univ. 11: 102,
t.
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
11, figs. 10-13. 1943.
Figure 89.
Plant very small, commonly divaricately branched, in habit similar to E. Porpax Reichb. f. Stems slender, usually much branched and spreading, entirely concealed by short, loose, tubular or infundibuliform sheaths which are commonly evanescent below and persistent and leaf-bearing above. Leaves distichous, horizontally spreading, linear, fleshy, obtuse and minutely apiculate, clasping at the base, commonly up to 17 mm. long and 2 mm. wide (rarely 28 mm. long and
3.7
mm. wide). Inflorescence terminal, abbreviated, apparently sessile, commonly 2-flowered, each flower in the axil of a conspicuous conduplicate, carinate bract. Flowers small but large for the plant. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate or oblongmm. long.
Lateral sepals obliquely linear-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about 9.5
481
lanceolate, acuminate, a little longer than the dorsal sepal, dorsally carinate. Petals obliquely linear, acute, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the
column nearly to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed near the shallowly cordate base, up to 7.9 mm. long in the middle; lateral lobes aliform, semiovate, obtuse, suberect
in natural position; mid-lobe much larger, porrect, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, narrowed to an obtuse apex; disc with a pair of dentiform calli at the base. Column
short, stout, dilated
upward, up to 4 mm. long at the back, denticulate at the apex, with an obliquely triangular tooth on each side.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1800 meters, Schunke 544 (type). Same locality and altitude, Schunke 522. Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1300-1700 meters, in dense forest, Schunke A 55.
Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 119, nr. 469. 1929; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 238. 1944.
Epidendrum nephroglossum
89. 1921;
Stem loosely branching, up to more than 1 meter by tubular sheaths (often infundibuliform in upper part) which are scarious, leafless and evanescent below and leaf-bearing above. Leaves 3-5 in a cluster, distichous, more or less congested at the apex of the stem
Plant epiphytic, variable.
long, ascending or lax, concealed
or on the short lateral branches, elliptic or oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, acute to subobtuse, clasping at the base, up to 11.8 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide, thinly coriaceous. Inflorescences short, racemose, more or less erect in youth, be-
coming flexuous or nodding
in the course of development,
up
to 20-flowered, rather
peduncle provided with an inconspicuous spathe and the rachis more or less fractiflex. Floral bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, a little shorter or longer than the pedicelled ovary. Flowers medium-sized, grass-green or greenish-white to pale yellow, fleshy. Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, acute with a dorsal mucro, up to 1.8 cm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, commonly with a rather high dorsal keel, about 2 cm. or less long. Petals variable, linear-oblanceolate or elliptic-linear, acute or subacute, distinctly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, cordate-semiorbicular or reniform, lightly retuse in front, cordate at the base, up to 9 mm. long in the middle and 1.5 cm. wide across the broadest part; disc bicallose at the base, with more or
loose, subequaling the leaves, the short
less distinct fleshy-thickened, radiating nerves.
Column gradually dilated upward, terminating on each side in a transverse subquadrate auricle, up to 1.2 cm. long when viewed from the side.
Apurimac: Prov. of Abancay, Ampuy, 3100 meters, epiphyte on Podocarpus, Stork, Horton, Vargas 10604- Huancavelica Prov. of Tayacaja, Ampurco woods, Salcabamba-Surcubamba Trail, 2900 meHuanuco: Yanano, ters, on mossy tree trunk, Stork & Horton 10426. about 1800 meters, Macbride 3663. Junin: On mountains west of Huacapistana, 2500-2600 meters, Weberbauer 2174 (type). East of Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, 800-1300 meters, in dense forest, Puno: Ollachea at Killip & Smith 23853 (flower rather abnormal). Ackopampa bridge, 3000 meters, humus-covered rocks, Vargas 6980.
:
482
FIELDI ANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
Enum.
30
Epidendrum nocturnum
Jacq.
PI.
Carib. 29. 1760;
Select. Stirp. Amer. 225, 1. 139. 1763. Nyctosma nocturna Rafin. Flor. Tellur. 2: 9. 1837. Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. var. latifolium Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23, 1. 1961. 1837. Epidendrum tridens Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 2, t. 103. 1837-38. Epidendrum discolor A. Rich. & Gal. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 22. 1845. Epidendrum Spruceanum Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 80, no. 253. 1853. Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. var. tridens Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 136.
1898.
viated.
Figure 90.
Stems
fascicled, slender or stout, ancipitous
Rhizome stout, abbreand often enlarged upward, simple, up to 100 cm. tall, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are scarious, non-leaf-bearing and evanescent below and leaf-bearing in the upper portion. Leaves distichous, several to numerous, spreading, oblong to oval, obtuse to rounded or rarely retuse or subacute at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 18 cm. long and 6.6 cm. wide, commonly coriaceous and fleshy. Inflorescence consisting of an abbreviated, subumbellate, often branched raceme, sometimes 1-flowered, with 1 or 2 flowers blooming at a time. Floral bracts very small, ovate or ovatePlant extremely variable, epiphytic (rarely terrestrial).
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, concave, many times shorter than the elongate pedicellate ovary which is up to 17 cm. long. Flowers large, with spreading segments. Sepals white, whitish-green (or bronzy green), cream-color, or reddish
yellow. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 3.6-9 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar but commonly a little larger than the dorsal sepal, lightly oblique. Petals whitish or pale green, linear to filiform (rarely narrowly oblanceolate), acu-
minate, nearly as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex, somewhat shorter than the sepals; lamina sharply 3-lobed, white; lateral lobes obliquely semiovate or ovate-lanceolate, lightly cordate or subcordate at the base, obtuse to acuminate at the apex, up to 3.8 cm. long, with the margins entire
or rarely denticulate; mid-lobe more or less surpassing the lateral lobes, linear-filiform or setaceous (rarely linear-triangular), long-acuminate, up to 5.7 cm. long;
disc with
two elongate complanate
calli
at the base
between the
lateral lobes.
Column gradually
to 2.5 cm. long.
or abruptly dilated upward, dentate to entire at the apex,
up
ters,
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Sta. Isabel, Cosnipata, 1800 meVargas 5527, 5529. Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 150. 1921. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke 1242. Same locality, 1000 meters, Schunke 1638. Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1300-1700 meters, in dense forest, Schunke A 57, Killip & Smith 24862. Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 1900 meters, epiphyte in low highland forest, Woytkowski 35478. Loreto: Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan, 100-125 meters, Schunke 309, Vargas 4634- Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug 10018, Tessmann
FIG. 90.
Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq.
Flowering and fruiting plants;
1.
483
484
30
3655, 5739.
Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, King 1058. San Martin: Near Divisoria, on steep bank, 59 km. from Tingo Maria on highway to Pucallpa, about 1600 meters, Allard 21777 (petals broad),
widespread and variable species extending from Florida and the West Indies (type of E. nocturnum and Nyctosma nocturna), through Mexico (type of E. discolor) and Central America to Brazil (type of E. Spruceanum), Peru (type of E. tridens) and
21786.
(U.S.A.)
Bolivia.
Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. var. minus Cogn. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 43: 323. 1906. E. longicolle Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24, Misc. 34, no. 49. 1838; Hook. Bot. Mag. 71, t. 4165. 1845; Lindl.
Fol. Orch. Epidendrum Fedde Repert. Beih. 9:
t.
81, no. 255. 1853. E. oliganthum Schltr. 90. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57:
120, nr. 470. 1929.

This variety
is distinguished from the species by its small size and slender habit especially by its narrow leaves and small flowers. Stems up to about 54 cm. high. Leaves linear to linear-oblong (rarely linear-lanceolate), strict, up to 12.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Flowers white, with sepals up to 4 cm. long.
and
Near Cerro de
1179.
Loreto: Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan, 100-125 meters, Schunke 241Escaler, Ule 6689 (type of E. nocturnum var. minus).
in forest,
Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte
Klug 1404,
Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug 10004, 10005, 10068. Near Moyobamba, Filomeno s.n. (type of E. oliganthum). Also British Guiana (type of E. longicolle) and Brazil.
Epidendrum nutans Ruiz &

1:245. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv. et Chil.
Huanuco:
This
is
Muna and
Chaclla, on trees and rocks,
Pavdn
s.n.
an obscure
species.
Epidendrum oligophyllum Lehm. &

26: 477. 1899.
Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb.
Plant epiphytic, loosely branched, medium-sized. Stem and branches entirely concealed by tubular sheaths which are scarious, leafless and evanescent below and leaf-bearing above. Leaves in groups of 3-4, more or less approximate, commonly on the upper half of each branch, distichous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acute, narrowed to a clasping base, up to 7.2 cm. long and 2.3 cm. wide, thinly coriaceous.
more or less shorter than the leaves, racemose through the upper half, erect or arcuate; peduncle bialate, up to 2 cm. long; rachis about 1.4 cm. or less long, few- (up to 8-) flowered. Floral bracts very small, triangular-lanceolate, acuInflorescence
ish-olive,
minate, concave, much shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, brownwith spreading or reflexed segments. Dorsal sepal cuneate-oblanceolate,

acute, about 1.4 cm. long
485
and nearly 5 mm. wide above. Lateral sepals very obliquely oblong-obovate, acute and dorsally carinate at the apex, slightly longer and markedly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-linear, lightly
falcate, subacute, shorter
its
than the dorsal sepal.
apex, slightly exceeding the sepals; lamina sharply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, about 1.4 cm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes dolabriform-semiovate,
obtuse; mid-lobe smaller, porrect, subquadrate, retuse or bilobed, a little exceeding the apex of the lateral lobes; disc in the lower half with 2 fleshy keels which are highest near the base. Column much dilated in front above the middle, about
1.2
cm. long.
Amazonas
151. 1921.
(ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9:
Also Colombia (type).
specimen of the type number furnished the above diagnosis.

Lindl. var.
Epidendrum oncidioides
gravidum
(Lindl.)
Ames,
Hubb. & Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 3: Epidendrum gravidum Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. London 4: Ames, Sched. Orch. 4: 42, t. 2. 1923.
104. 1935. 114. 1849;
Plant extremely variable, epiphytic, up to about 60 cm. tall, with an abbreviated rhizome and approximate pseudobulbs. Pseudobulbs pyriform-cylindric to broadly ovoid, 1- (rarely) to 3-leaved at the apex, about 6.5 cm. or less high.
Leaves narrowly linear to
lorate,
up
tuse, clasping at the base, coriaceous.
to 41 cm. long and 2.9 cm. wide, acute to obInflorescence terminal, simple and loosely
few-flowered (racemose) to rather densely paniculate, shorter than to much surpassing the leaves. Pedicellate ovary smooth or verruculose to strongly muricate when mature. Flowers medium-sized, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal
oblanceolate to elliptic-oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 11-18.8 mm. long, subacute to acuminate, thickened at the apex. Lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the dorsally thickened apex, about equaling the dorsal sepal. Petals narrowly oblanceolate to spatulate-oblanceolate, subacute to acute, subequaling the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to
to 15.1
the basal part of the column, deeply 3-lobed, a little shorter than the column, up mm. long; lateral lobes narrowly to broadly oblong or triangular-lanceolate to triangular-ovate, more or less oblique and falcate, obtuse to broadly rounded at
the apex, erect in natural position; mid-lobe more or less clawed, suborbicular to transversely oval or rhombic-ovate (rarely broadly obovate), rounded to shortacuminate (rarely truncate) at the apex, rounded to cuneate at the base, with more
and crenulate margins; disc with a broad central callus which is oval-depressed on the claw and divides into 3 or more thickened veins on the midColumn straight to slightly recurved, lobe, all the veins more or less verrucose. with 2 porrect, rounded, incurved auricles or obscure angles near the summit, up
or less undulate
to 8
mm.
long.
Junin:
Chanchamayo
Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1248.
Loreto:
Vicinity of Rio Napo, 100 meters, Klug 10120. Also Mexico (type of E. gravidum), Central America, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and
Colombia.
486
30
Epidendrum orbiculatum
vard Univ. 11: 104,
specimen).
t.
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Har-
10, figs. 3, 4. 1943.
Figure 88.
Plant robust and rather short, up to 25 cm. tall (lower portion missing in type Stem simple or with a single abbreviated branch below, straight or arcuate, entirely or mostly concealed by loose, infundibuliform sheaths which are leaf-bearing except on the basal part, rooting on this lower portion. Leaves 4, distichous, widely spreading, oval to oblong-elliptic (rarely oblong-lanceolate), up to 7.3 cm. long and 3 cm. wide (the lower blades much smaller), bilobulate at the rounded or obtuse apex, clasping at the base, chartaceous when dry. Inflorescence terminal, 3- to 5-flowered, very loosely racemose, subtended by a large and conspicuous, conduplicate spathe up to 3.5 cm. long and about 1.5 cm. wide, enFlowers large, long-pedicelled, greenish or tirely concealing the short peduncle. greenish brown. Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, obtuse with a minute dorsal mucro, concave, about 1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-ovate, obtuse or subacute, navicular, dorsally carinate, a little longer and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear, about 1.6 cm. long and 1 mm. wide, obtuse. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, suborbicular, prominently emarginate, about 2.2 cm. long on each side of the center and 2.6 cm. wide, broadly cuneate at the base; disc with a pair of short, fleshy, widely separated keels at the base. Column very short and stout, broadly conical when viewed from the side.
Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Lares Valley above Mantoc, 2400-2500 meters, on rocks, Weberbauer 7904-
Epidendrum Ottonis
Reichb.
f.
Hamb.
Gartenz. 14: 213. 1858.
Plant small, epiphytic, with a creeping, branching rhizome. Pseudobulbs numerous, more or less approximate, cylindric to narrowly ellipsoid, shortly stipitate, compressed, up to 4 cm. long, concealed by several evanescent, scarious, imbricating sheaths, unifoliate at the apex. Leaf linear, acute and apiculate to obtuse at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 15.7 cm. long and 8 mm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, slender, subequaling or shorter than the leaf, up to 11.2 cm. long, loosely racemose above, up to 6-flowered, the peduncle clothed with several narrow, strict, scarious sheaths. Rachis more or less concealed by strict, linear-lanceoFlowers small, whitish or cream-colored, late, acuminate, clasping floral bracts. nodding, fleshy. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, acuminate, concave, about 9.8 mm. or less long, carinate toward the apex. Lateral sepals a little smaller than the dorsal
sepal, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, slightly oblique.
Petals narrowly elliptic-
lanceolate, slightly oblique, acute or acuminate, distinctly shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the very base of the column, erect
and narrower and gently re-
curved in natural position, simple, linear-oblong, acute and apiculate, up to 6.8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, dorsally carinate above, with incurved sides; disc through the lower half with a pair of fleshy incurved thickenings. Column short, stout, slightly dilated upward, denticulate at the apex, about 4 mm. or less long.
Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug 10115.
Also the
West
Indies,
Panama and Venezuela
(type).
Epidendrum pachychilum Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 184. 1905; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 12. 1953. Epiden-

drum
aquaticoides C. Schweinf. var. pusillum C. Schweinf. Bot. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 82. 1943.
487
Mus.
Plant rather large. Stem much branched, entirely concealed by close, tubular, striate-rugose sheaths which are short, scarious and leafless at the base of the branches, and often elongate and always leaf-bearing above. Leaves 2-20 on each branch, distichous, loose, strictly ascending to imbricating in the dried specimen,
linear-oblong (or rarely ovate-lanceolate) to lanceolate-oblong, obtuse or acute and shortly apiculate, clasping at the base, coriaceous, with the margins revolute in
erect, racemose, shorter
to 5.3 cm. long and 8 mm. wide. Inflorescences terminal, than to exceeding the leaves, few- (4- to 9-) flowered, with the abbreviated peduncle and rachis subcompressed. Floral bracts ovate to ovate-
the dried specimen,
up
lanceolate, acuminate, subequaling or shorter than the triquetrous pedicelled ovary. Flowers medium-sized, fleshy, greenish-yellow to orange-red. Dorsal sepal ovate-
acute, 8-10 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate or elliptic-ovate, subequaling the dorsal sepal but slightly broader, acute, dorsally carinate. Petals linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, slightly shorter than the sepals, thinner in texture. Lip apparently adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, broadly triangular-ovate, very fleshy, concave-conduplicate, cordate at the base, obtuse or subacute at the apex, 5-10 mm. long in the center and broader when expanded, apparently entirely without calli or keels. Column short, stout, dilated above, the apex concealed by the incurved sides of the lip.
elliptic,
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, near Wenner Gren ruins, 3400-3600

meters, in open soaking sphagnum bog with much fog and rain, perianth fleshy, Metcalf 30757. Prov. of Urubamba, on trail from
Puyupata
of E. aquaticoides var. pusillum).
to Sayacmarca, epiphytic, 3600 meters, Vargas 2894 (type Same data as last, 2650 meters,
Vargas 7257.
Junin Prov. of Tarma, mountains west of Huacapis:
tana, 3000-3100 meters, between bushes, Weberbauer 2054 (type of E. pachychilum).
Epidendrum panchrysum
22: 313. 1854.
Reichb.
f.
&
Warsc. Allg. Gartenz.
This species was described only from the flower and lacked all vegetative parts; accordingly it was not included in the key. On a sheet bearing alleged records of E. panchrysum from the Reichen-
bach Herbarium is the upper portion of an inflorescence crowned with a loose terminal raceme bearing about 7 flowers. This fragment may represent the type, because the floral analysis drawn immediately below
it
surely depicts
what
is
described.
Flowers small, golden yellow. Sepals elliptic-lanceolate, acute. Petals similar to the sepals but smaller. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed; lateral lobes shortly and broadly dolabriform ("ob triangular"), the broad
outer margin being sinuate-dentate with 5 or 6 prominent teeth; mid-lobe smaller, obovate-cuneate, sinuate-dentate with 5 teeth; disc at the base with a ligulate,
488
is
VOLUME
30
bicornute callus which

plicate,
abruptly apiculate
extended in front into a semiorbicular ("hippocrepiform"), callus. Column with a 3-dentate clinandrium.
s.n.
Epidendrum panicoides
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 90.

cicled, slender, simple,
120, nr. 471. 1929.
Plant epiphytic, about 40 cm. high, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems fassubcompressed, leafy, entirely concealed by close, tubular leaf-sheaths. Leaves erect-spreading, linear, acute, up to 12 cm. long and 8 mm.
wide, rather thin in texture. Inflorescences terminal, erect-spreading or arcuate, to 6 cm. long, loosely 6- to 9-flowered above, the rachis being flexuous; peduncle Floral bracts linear-lanceolate. Flowers small, short, 1-sheathed at the base.
up
fleshy, pale green
with a white
lip,
with spreading or reflexed segments.
Dorsal
Lateral
sepal ovate-elliptic ("oblong"), acute or acuminate, about 9
mm.
long.
sepals somewhat longer, very obliquely oblanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate. Petals linear, acute, almost as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina ovate in outline, lightly 3-lobed, about 4 mm. long and 2.5 mm.
wide; lateral lobes semiorbicular; mid-lobe larger, ovate, obtuse or subacute; disc at the base on each side with a cucullate-incurved thickening and a short callus in each depression of the thickening. Column stout, terminating in a pair of lobulate auricles.
Cajamarca: Eastern slopes of the Cordillera of Tabaconas, 2400

meters, Weberbauer 6298.
No
specimen of this species was accessible.

Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et
Epidendrum paniculatum Ruiz & Pav.

Chil. 1: 243. 1798.
Ames, Hubb. & Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 2: 67. 1934. Epidendrum floribundum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1 353 (Quarto ed.), 283 (Folio ed.), t. 86. 1816. Epidendrum laeve Lindl. Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 24, no. 33. 1844. Epidendrum paniculatum Ruiz & Pav. (B) longicrure Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 56, no. 174. 1853. Epidendrum paniculatum Ruiz & Pav. (C) cuspidatum Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 56, no. 174. 1853. Epidendrum syringaeflorum Warsc. ex Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 111. 1854 (nomen). Epidendrum turialvae Reichb. f. Card. Chron. (1871) 1678; Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 17: 42. 1922 (as "Turialbae"). Epidendrum Englerianum Lehm. & Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 26: 466. 1899. Epidendrum frons bovis Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 181. 1905. Epidendrum ionodesme Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 134. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 47, nr. 182. 1929. Epidendrum longicrure Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 137. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 48, nr. 186. 1929. Epidendrum macroceras Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 138. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 48, nr. 187. 1929. Epidendrum atacazoicum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 67. 1921; Mansf.
:

Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. Fedde Repert. Beih.
86, nr. 334. 1929.
8: 67. 1921;
489
Epidendrum
bifalce
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 116, nr. 457. 1929. Epidendrum caloglossum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 68. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 86, nr. 336.
Schltr.
1929.
Epidendrum Isthmi
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 17:
34. 1922.
Plant extremely variable both vegetatively and florally, up to 2 meters or more tall including the inflorescence, terrestrial or epiphytic. Stems simple, caespitose, erect or suberect, slender to stout, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are scarious and leafless near the base and leaf-bearing above. Leaves distichous, several to numerous, linear-lanceolate to oblong-elliptic or oval (rarely ovate), acute to long-acuminate and sometimes cuspidate, clasping at the more or less narrowed base, submembranaceous to subcoriaceous, 4-25 cm. long, 0.5-6.8 cm.
wide.
Inflorescence terminal,
commonly
paniculate (rarely racemose), usually
much
exceeding the leaves, though rarely much surpassed by them, loosely few-flowered to loosely or densely many-flowered; peduncle from almost wanting up to 18 cm. long, either naked or clothed with 1 to 5 spathes or spathaceous bracts which are up to 9 cm. long. Bracts subtending the inflorescence very variable, small and
inconspicuous to large and spreading, up to 7 cm. long. Floral bracts small, lanceolate to ovate, acute to long-acuminate. Flowers very variable in size, with more or less reflexed segments. Sepals green to white, yellow or rose, lip commonly white
to yellowish.
tic,
8.2-16
mm. long, subacute to subacuminate.
Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate, cuneate-spatulate or narrowly ellipLateral sepals about equally long
but a
little
wider than the dorsal sepal, oblong-oblanceolate, oblong-spatulate to
rarely oblong-elliptic, more or less oblique, subacute to subacuminate. Petals filiform to oblong-spatulate, obtuse to acute, nearly as long as the sepals when ex-
Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina ranging from nearly simple to 3- or 4-lobed, transversely obtriangular to subquadrate or subrotund in outline, 3.5-9 mm. long, 5.8-12 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes very variable, dolabriform to obliquely ovate, obliquely oval, subrectangular or falcateoblong, commonly cordate at the base, subentire to lobed or somewhat lacerate (E. Isthmi) on the outer margin; mid-lobe variable, sessile or subsessile, broadly
panded.
truncate-cuneate to long-bilobulate above, either truncate-retuse or apiculate, with the lobules (V-shaped or transverse in divergence) ranging from linear or falcately
linear-oblong to narrowly triangular, oblong or narrowly rectangular; disc at the base with 2 more or less lamellate and distinct calli, and in front 3 more or less
developed, approximate, fleshy ridges.
in front, terminating
on each side
in a
Column slender below, clavate-dilated above more or less developed tooth.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Smith 22542. Cajamarca: meters, terrestrial in thickets, Killip Cedrobamba, Valle de San Miguel, 2260 meters, Herrera 2042.
&
Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Lares Valley between Huallhuayoj and Calca, 1800-1900 meters, border of shrubwood, Weberbauer 7925. Prov. of Convencion, Machu-Picchu, 2000 meters, on clay bank with roots in loose humus, Stork, Norton & Vargas 10401. Prov. of Convencion, Potrero, Cosquenayocc, 1350 meters, in forest humus, Vargas 8265. Prov. of Convencion, upper valley of Rio Sambray (western affluent
490
30
Mexia 8071
of the Vilcanota), 1800 meters, terrestrial along trail in the open, Prov. of Quispicanchis, Ttio to Murayaca, Marcapata,
.
2000 meters, among rocks, Vargas 3762. Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cadena, Marcapata, 1100 meters, in woods, Vargas 4584. Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2100 meters, Vargas 3334. Prov. of Urubamba, "Huinaihuaina," 2550 meters, in forest, Vargas 4111. Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, epiphyte in forest, Asplund 12468. Prov. of Huanuco, margin of Rio Monzon near Tingo Maria, 700-800 meters, in tropical forest, Ferreyra 4236. Muna, on trees
in woods, Pavdn s.n. (type). Pampayaco (Pampayacu), hacienda at the mouth of Rio Chinchao, about 1070 meters, in dense forest, Macbride 5119. Pozuzo, about 600 meters, terrestrial, Macbride 4603. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke s.n. Same data, (buds), Schunke 1805. Colonia Perene, about 680 meters, at the base of trees and epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25039, 25078, 25088. Colonia Perene, along Rio Perene, near "Hacienda 3," about 600 meters, epiphyte in forest, Killip & Smith 25126. East of Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, 800-1300 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 23928, 25409. Huacapistana, about 1800 meters, in densely forested valley, Killip & Smith 24312. Huacapistana, 1800-2400 meters, in thickets and open woods, Killip & Smith 24512. San Ramon, 900-1300 meters, epiphyte in dry woods, Killip & Smith 24763. Prov. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1900 meters, epiphyte in moist shady forest among chusqueas, Woytkowski 35379. Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, 600-1200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Klug 0.10, 0.11, 0.17. Rio Huallaga Canon, below Rio Santo Domingo, about 1200 meters, in dry open woods, Macbride 4256. Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte beside river, Klug 10070, 10090. San Martin: San Roque, 1350-1500 meters, in forest, Williams 7732.
and rocks
This widespread and polymorphic species extends from Mexico and Central America (type of E. turialvae and E. Isthmi) to Colombia (type of E. laeve, E. ionodesme, E. longicrure and E. macroceras), Venezuela, Ecuador (type of E. Englerianum, E. atacazoicum, E. bifalce and E. caloglossum) Peru (type of E. floribundum, E. paniculatum and its varieties and E. frons bovis) and Bolivia, fide Schlechter.
,
Epidendrum paniculatum Ruiz &
Pav. var. linearifolium
(Cogn.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 105. 1943.
Epidendrum parviflorum Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 245. 1798; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 48, no. 152. 1853. Epidendrum gratiosum Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 215. 1856; Cogn. Martius Fl.
491
Bras. 3, pt. 5: 165. 1898. Epidendrum gratiosum Reichb. f. var. linearifolium Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 166. 1898. Epidendrum patulipetalum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 91. 1921; Mansf. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 57:
t.
120, nr. 472. 1929.
Plant differs from Epidendrum paniculatum in being very slender, with membranaceous leaves. Leaves vary from elliptic-oblong to linear-lanceolate, acute to long-acuminate, up to 13 cm. long and 10 mm. wide. Flowers much smaller than those of E. paniculatum, with sepals about 5 mm. or less long. Moreover, the lip has commonly a trilobulate callus (not a bilobed callus or 2 separate calli) at the base.
Peru Jambrasbamba, Mathews 1 900. Huanuco Muna and Chamountains and weedy places, on trees and rocks, Pavon s.n. (type of E. parviflorum). Near Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig 1603 in part
: :
clla,
bamba, Filomeno
Loreto: (type of E. gratiosum var. hnearifolium) s.n. (type of E. patulipetalum)

. .
Near Moyo-
Epidendrum paniculatum Ruiz &

C. Schweinf. Bot.
Plant
differs
Pav. var.
unguiculatum
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
its
11: 107. 1943.
from Epidendrum paniculatum in
stout stems (1 cm. in diam-
eter at the base); in the elongate peduncle (about 22 cm. long) with 4 strict, conduplicate spathes; in the larger flowers (sepals 18-20 mm. long) in the dolabriform, irregularly lobulate lateral lobes of the lip; and in the prominently unguiculate,
;
quadrate base of the mid-lobe.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte in forest

beside river, Klug 1401.
Epidendrum
Fol. Orch.
parvilabre Lindl. Benth. PL Hartw. 150. 1844;

33, no. 102. 1853.
Epidendrum
Plant medium-sized, with an abbreviated rhizome.
Stems approximate, pseudo-
bulbous-thickened, narrowly cylindric, unifoliate, up to 6.5 cm. long. Leaf "oblong" or elliptic-oblong, rounded-obtuse and lightly bilobulate at the apex, up to 9.2 cm.
long and 2.7 cm. wide, erect. Inflorescence solitary, much surpassing the leaf, arcuate above, with 3 close, imbricating spathes at the base, densely many-flowered above. Floral bracts minute> triangular. Flowers very small, with spreading seg-
Dorsal sepal about 7 mm. long, oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute. Lateral sepals broader, obliquely oblong-obovate. Petals linear-oblanceolate, much narrower than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, slightly
ments.
exceeding the sepals; lamina deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes falcate-semiovate and porrect-spreading, very acute; mid-lobe from a ligulate basal portion dilated into a cuneate, truncate, 3-lobulate apex; disc bicallose at the base, with a thickened central line extending beyond the middle. Column dilated above.
Peru: Near "El Porotillo and El Sisme," Hartweg s.n. This orchid, judging by its associated species, is very likely Ecuadorian in origin, but I have not been able to check the cited habitat.
492
FIELDI ANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
The above
type bearing a
diagnosis
was compiled with the
aid of a record of the
floral analysis.
Epidendrum
Fol. Orch.
Plant small.
Philippii Reichb.
f.
Linnaea 22: 840. 1849; Lindl.

loose, tubular or
Epidendrum
82, no. 260. 1853.
Stem arcuate, branched, mostly concealed by
Leaves several to numerous, distichous, spreading, oblong-elliptic, acute, up to about 3.5 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide. Inflorescence short, erect, racemose, loosely several- (about 8-) flowered, about 4 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate, spreading, exceeding the pedicelled ovaries. Dorsal sepal oblonginfundibuliform leaf-sheaths.
ovate, acute.
Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-ovate, acute.
Petals
much
shorter
sepals, linear-oblanceolate, acute. Lip adnate to the column about to its apex; lamina suborbicular-ovate in outline, subtrilobed or sinuateindented on each side above the middle, cordate at the base, emarginate at the apex,
and narrower than the
with the margins crenulate; disc with a pair of very small

slender, dilated near the apex.
calli
at the base.
Column
Peru:
On
fide Schlechter,
the eastern slopes of the Cordillera (type). Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 151. 1921.
Huanuco,
This description was compiled from a careful examination of a record of E. Philippii from the Reichenbach Herbarium, supplemented by the type citation. There is no indication of the size of the flowers.
Epidendrum physopus
Plant slender, medium-sized, distichously branched. Stems diffuse or flexuous, entirely or mostly concealed by close, tubular leaf-sheaths, each branch bearing rather numerous, abbreviated, 2-leaved, floriferous, distichous branchlets. Leaves
up
oblong-linear or "linear-lanceolate," acute and mucronate, clasping at the base, to 2 cm. long and about 2.6 mm. wide, fleshy-coriaceous, spreading. Inflorescences short, arcuate or nodding, racemose, few- (about 5-) flowered above, with
the rachis usually
much
lanceolate, acuminate, spreading,
shorter than the subtending leaf. Floral bracts narrowly much shorter than the pedicellate ovaries. Flowers
small, greenish yellow, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong or "cuneate obovate," acute, up to 7 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, acute or "obtuse." Petals oblanceolate-filiform, shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip
adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina transversely oblong, about 2.5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, divided in front into 3 triangular, acute, subequal lobules; disc at the base with a pair of short-cylindric tubercles. Column arcuate, dilated in front above the middle. Ovary cylindric-dilated.
tana, in low, moist,
Junin Prov. of Tarma, mountains of Yanangu, east of Huacapismossy woods, Weberbauer 2121.
:
This description was prepared from an examination of a photograph of type material together with the citation.
Epidendrum pilosum
360,
t.
C. Schweinf.
Am.
Orch. Soc. Bull. 11:
10. 1943.
Figure 91.
493
Plant rather small, epiphytic, about 23 cm. high. Pseudobulb narrowly ovoidpyriform, monophyllous, about 3 cm. high. Leaf suberect, very narrowly linear, very fleshy, channelled, about 19.7 cm. long, up to 5 mm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, spreading, shorter than the leaf, bifurcate above, with loosely several-flowered
branches, about 15 cm. high. Pedicellate ovary slender, verruculose. Flowers rather small, brownish green and yellow, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal
narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, subacute, about 13.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals equally long, oblong-oblanceolate, lightly oblique, acute. Petals spatulate-cuneate, abruptly acute, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip almost free from the col-
umn, slightly shorter than the sepals; lamina deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes incurved and surpassing the column, obliquely ovate, obtuse at the slightly recurved apex;
flat, obovate-suborbicular, truncate above with rounded, undulate lateral margins; disc with a broad pilose band terminating in a hairy bilobed callus, with the surface of the mid-lobe densely adorned with fleshy verrucose lines. Column lightly arcuate, about 7.5 mm. long, without distinct auricles above.
mid-lobe
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 779.
Epidendrum pleurobotrys
Schltr.
t.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

121, nr. 474. 1929.
9: 92.
Plant tall, terrestrial, up to 200 cm. high, erect. Stems simple or occasionally with short lateral branches, entirely concealed by close, tubular leaf-sheaths. Leaves
very numerous, distichous, spreading or recurved, linear to oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate (often with an apiculate apex), clasping at the base, up to 15 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide. Inflorescences lateral and bursting from the leaf-sheaths, short, racemose, densely several-flowered and subcorymbose, arcuate or nodding, the abbreviated peduncle concealed by several imbricating, short, tubular sheaths. Floral bracts round-ovate, obtuse, concave, much shorter than the pedicelled ovary. Flowers small, white to sulphur-yellow, with spreading segments having strongly revolute sides. Dorsal sepal oval (when expanded), "elliptic," obtuse, about 10 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals similar but a little larger. Petals oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse to subacute, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, convex, reniform-suborbicular, cordate at the base, lightly retuse at the apex, up to 5.7 mm. long in the middle and about 9.2 mm. wide when expanded, minutely and irregularly crenulate; disc with a pair of small, fleshy calli at the base and a more or less prominent fleshy ridge through the middle.
Column
short, stout,
more
or less dilated
upward
in front,
up
to 6.8
mm.
long.
Cajamarca: Eastern slope of the Cordillera above Tabaconas, 2200 meters, Weberbauer 6306 (type). Cuzco: Urubamba, MachuPicchu, 2000 meters, on rocks, Vargas 1890. "Huinaihuaina," 2550 meters, epiphytic, Vargas 4128.
Epidendrum polystachyum HBK. Nov. Gen.

1816; Lindl. Fol. Orch.
et Sp. 1: 352.
Epidendrum
31, no. 96. 1853.
Plant large, epiphytic, pseudobulbous. Pseudobulb narrowly ellipsoid to fusiform, several-jointed, concealed by evanescent sheaths, bearing 2 leaves at the summit, up to 31 cm. long. Leaves erect-spreading, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, clasping at
pifoswn
FIG. 91.
3, lip,
& OcAwein/?.
X
5,
4
expanded;
Epidendrum pilosum C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 4. 4, column and base of lip; X 4.
A- 2, flower; X 2. anther from below;
5.
494
495
the base, about 30 cm. or less long, 4.5 cm. or less wide, thickly coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, erect or nearly so, up to more than 102 cm. high, entirely concealed
close, tubular, scarious, evanescent sheaths, at each joint with a short, simple to 3-branched, densely flowered, ascending raceme (the racemes subremote), with the rachis up to 6 cm. long. Floral bracts minute, ovate-triangular, acuminate, much shorter than the slender pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, yellow, submembrana-
by
Dorsal sepal cuneate-oblanceolate or oblongceous, with spreading segments. obovate, acute, about 9.3 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals subequal or slightly larger, very obliquely semiobovate, falcate, acute, dorsally carinate near the apex. Petals similar to the dorsal sepal but narrower, spatulate-oblanceolate, acute or
Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed, transverse, subtruncate at the base, retuse at the apex, up to about 6 mm. long in the middle and 16 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes relatively large, obliquely dolabrif orm, with a crenulate-erose outer margin; mid-lobe much smaller than the lateral lobes and not protuberant beyond them, quadrateobcordate or transversely subquadrate, deeply emarginate, with denticulate-erose margins to the lobules; disc with 2 complanate, dentiform calli at the base and with
subacute, lightly oblique.
a thickened median ridge. Column gradually dilated above in front, terminating in a pair of transverse bilobulate auricles, about 8 mm. long.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Charlesworth Shuttleworth & Company's collector (ex Herb. Kew). Cajamarca and Junin, fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 151. 1921.
Also Colombia (type) and
Ecuador.
Epidendrum Porpax
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 3: 220. 1855, not 1865;

11: 240. 1944.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
Epi-
dendrum Mathewsii Reichb. f. Linnaea 41: 81. 1876. Epidendrum gnomus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 85. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57:
t.
142, nr. 558. 1929.
Plant small, epiphytic, with a profusely branching habit. Stems slender, divaricately branched, more or less entirely concealed by mostly scarious sheaths which are leaf-bearing above, with the lower portion producing roots, the upper branches
up
to 7.5 cm. long. Leaves distichous, linear-oblong to rarely elliptic-oblong, more or less distinctly separated, subacute and apiculate, up to 3.3 cm. long and (rarely) 9 mm. wide. Flowers solitary at the apex of the branches, large for the plant, vari-
able in color (yellowish green, more or less suffused with brown or lavender, or pinkish white or purple), with the pedicel more or less concealed by a prominent,
conduplicate spathe. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong to oblong-ovate, acute, up to 1.4 cm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely triangular-lanceolate, acute, with the base entirely adnate to the length of the column (and thus obliquely decurrent), about
equaling the dorsal sepal or slightly larger. Petals linear or lanceolate-linear, acute, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip entirely adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina relatively large, suborbicular, sometimes more or less subquadrate or broadly obovate, commonly lightly retuse at the apex and rounded to cordate at the base; disc with 2 basal, fleshy calli and a more or less prominent, central thickened line,
up
to 1.3 cm. long
and usually somewhat wider.
Column very
short and stout,
dilated upward.
496
30
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews

MathewsO).
s.n.
(type of Epidendrum
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Aobamba to Huadquina, Amaibamba, 1450-1700 meters, Vargas 8188. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1000 meters, in open woods near La Merced, on tree trunks, Weberbauer 1949 (type of E. gnomus). Piura: Road from Piura to Huancabamba, El Tambo, about 3000 meters, epiphyte, Scolnik 1403a. Huancabamba, Quebrada de Chula, 2600 meters, terrestrial, Scolnik 1438. Also Mexico and Central America (type of E. Porpax), Venezuela and Colombia.
Epidendrum prostratum
(Lindl.) Reichb.
f.
Card. Chron. (1873)
289; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 112. 1898. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24, Misc. 32, no. 45. 1838.
tose stems.
Physinga prostrata
Plant small to medium-sized, epiphytic, with an abbreviated rhizome and caespiStems widely spreading or prostrate, about 12 cm. or less long, entirely concealed by short, close, tubular, imbricating leaf-sheaths. Leaves several to numerous, distichous, widely spreading, linear-oblong or "narrowly ovate-lanceolate," acute or subacute, clasping at the base, up to 3.8 cm. long and about 8 mm.
or less wide, thickly coriaceous with revolute margins. Inflorescence terminal, more or less elongate and exceeding the leaves, up to 22 cm. long, simple or severalbranched at the floriferous apex, with the slender peduncle entirely concealed by
evanescent sheaths. Racemes short, few-flowered, with a more or Flowers very small, white, greenish white, cream-colored or light purple, membranaceous, with a fleshy lip. Sepals shortly connate at the base. Dorsal sepal ovate or triangular-ovate, acuminate, about 7.8 mm. or less long.
close, tubular,
less fractiflex rachis.
Lateral sepals subequal, slightly narrower, acuminate, dorsally carinate. Petals adnate to the sepals and about equally long, elliptic-linear or "triangular lanceolate," acute. Lip adnate to the column nearly up to its apex; lamina simple, reni-
form-suborbicular in outline or "obovate," cordate at the base, lightly emarginate and apiculate in front with the sides incurved, about 5 mm. or less long near the center and 8.2 mm. or less wide when expanded; disc with a pair of dentiform tubercles at the base and with a median fleshy ridge. Ovary with a prominent subspherical vesicle.
Column
short, denticulate above.
10030.
Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte in clearing, Klug Also British Guiana (type), Colombia and Mexico.
This species appears to be very close to the Central American E. physodes Reichb. f., which has free sepals and petals, narrower
petals, etc.
Epidendrum pubiflorum
vard Univ. 11: 108,
fig.,
1943.
Figure 92.
Plant apparently large and stout (lower part lacking in our specimen). Stem concealed by close, tubular leaf-sheaths. Leaves distichous, oblong or ellipticoblong, bilobulate at the rounded apex, clasping at the base, up to 11.5 cm. long and 2.3 cm. wide, subcoriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, mvjch exceeding the leaves,
497
loosely paniculate with distichous, stout, arcuate branches which are rather densely many-flowered. Rachis, branches, ovaries, and outer surface of flowers finely pubescent. Floral bracts inconspicuous, lanceolate, acuminate, more or less shorter than the pedicelled ovary. Flowers rather small, with subspreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse, up to 10 mm. long, concave. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-obovate, acute and prominently mucronate, a little longer and much wider than the dorsal sepal, concave. Petals linear-oblanceolate,
about as long as the dorsal sepal, subacute.
its
FIG. 92. Schweinf.
Epidendrum pubiflorum C. Flower, expanded; X IK-
apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed, suborbicular in outline, cordate at the base, lightly retuse at the apex, about 7 mm. in greatest length and 9.5 mm. or less wide when expanded; lateral lobes spreading, obliquely dolabriform-ovate, obtuse, with the outer margins irregularly crenulate; mid-lobe subequal to the lateral lobes, shortly cuneate-obovate, lightly retuse with the lobules undulate-crenate; disc bicallose at
strongly dilated
the base with 3 approximate, fleshy ridges in front of the basal calli. Column short, upward in front just above the base, terminating in a pair of shal-
lowly transverse-oblong auricles.
Peru: Amazonian slope of the Andes, about 3000-3300 meters, Ehle s.n.
Epidendrum purum Lindl.

Fol. Orch.
Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 75, no. 75. 1844;
Epidendrum
90, no. 289. 1853.
Plant large, rather slender. Stems elongate-fusiform, apparently once-branched near the base, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths below, distichously 3- to
6-leafed above, about 23 cm. or more long. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, clasping at the base, up to 22 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide, ascending, coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, loosely paniculate with 3-9 spreading, many-flow-
Flowers small, campanulate, pale green to lemon-yellow. Dorsal sepal linear-elliptic, shortly acuminate, about 9 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals obliquely semielliptic or narrowly lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate to a mucronate apex,
ered branches.
little larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear-filiform, acute, slightly broader toward the apex, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, acute at the apex, about 5.2 mm. or less long and subequally wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes
obliquely ovate or aliform, acute; mid-lobe variable, ovate to linear-oblong, acute, porrect; disc with a pair of complanate calli at the base and 3 thickened ridges in
front of these.
Column
short, dilated
upward
in front,
terminating on each side in
a transversely oblong auricle.
498

Peru(?), fide Schlechter,
30 9: 152. 1921.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
Also
Venezuela (type), Colombia and Ecuador.
The above diagnosis was compiled from photographs of typical and authentic material and from an Ecuadorian collection referable
to this species.
Epidendrum pygmaeum Hook.

Coelogyne
42,
fig.
Bot.
Mag.
60,
t.
3233. 1833.
Brongn. Duperr. Voy. Coquille Phanerog. 201, A. 1834, not Epidendrum tripterum Sm., nor E. tripterum Lindl. Epidendrum caespitosum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 1, t. 101. 1837-38. Epidendrum pygmaeum Hook. Journ. Bot. 1: 49,
t.
t.
? triptera
118. 1834.
t.
29,
8, fig. 2.
Hormidium tripterum Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 1898. Hormidium pseudopygmaeum A. Finet, Bull.
t.
Herb. Boiss. 7: 121,
3.
t.
1899.
114,
fig.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 6: 550,
Microstylis humilis Cogn. Martius 3. 1906. Figure 93.
Plant small to medium-sized, epiphytic, very variable, with a long-creeping, sheathed, often branched rhizome. Pseudobulbs distant, ellipsoid to fusiform or cylindric (in the dried plant), clothed at the base or nearly throughout by several loose, evanescent, imbricating, broad sheaths, 2- to 3-leafed near the apex, about 10 cm. or less long. Leaves oval to linear, obtuse to acute and apiculate, clasping at the sessile base, rarely up to 14 cm. long and 1.9 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, abbreviated, racemose, 1- to few-flowered, subtended by 1 or 2 small membranaceous spathes. Flowers small, greenish and white or brownish green, sometimes tinged with yellow or lavender, fleshy, with widely spreading segments. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, strongly acuminate, about 11 mm. long
or much less, rarely subcarinate. Lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate or ovatelanceolate, long-acuminate, conspicuously carinate, more or less longer and wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear, acute or acuminate, distinctly shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to the middle or above, sharply 3-lobed,
much shorter than the sepals, up to 8.8 mm. long including the claw; lateral lobes suborbicular to oblong-oval, incurved and surrounding the apex of the column, slightly oblique; mid-lobe much smaller, porrect, shortly triangular, acuminate to
Column short, stout, about 5.5 mm. or much less long, terminated by a prominent, incurved, triangular to linear-oblong tooth. Ovary promrostrate-acuminate.
inently tripterous.
Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 153. 1921. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1900 meters, on tree in forest, Woytkowski 35412. A widespread and variable species, extending from Florida (U.S.A.), Central America (type of Hormidium pseudo-
FIG. 93.
Epidendrum pygmaeum Hook.

3. 3, dorsal sepal;
1,
from
6, lip
side;
4.
4, petal;
%. 2, flower fruiting plant; 4. 4. 5, lateral sepal;
and column, front view, lip spread out; X 4. 7, anther cap, enlarged. Original drawing by Blanche Ames, redrawn by G. W. Dillon.
499
500

,
30
pygmaeum) through the West Indies to Peru (type of Epidendrum caespitosum) Brazil (type of Coelogyne triptera, Epidendrum pygmaeum and Microstylis humilis) and Bolivia.
,
lect. Stirp.
Epidendrum ramosum Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760; SeAm. 221, 1. 132. 1763; Ames, Hubb. & Schweinf. Bot. Mus.
Harvard Univ.
2: 45. 1934.
Leafl.
Plant epiphytic, very variable, upright, pendent or apparently creeping, simple or more commonly much branched. Stems caespitose from an abbreviated rhizome, slender to rather stout, often flexuous, 12-90 cm. tall or long, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing except at the base of the stem or branches. Branches variable in length and number, either erect-spreading or decurved. Leaves numerous, distichous, linear, linear-oblong to oblong-elliptic, unequally bilobed at the apex, clasping at the base, 0.9-13.5 cm. long, up to 1.4 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal at the apex of the stem or branches, 2- to severalflowered, commonly lax and arcuate, often with a fractiflex rachis. Floral bracts variable, more or less conspicuous, broad, concave-conduplicate, rounded to subacute, commonly equaling or exceeding the pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, greenish, white, cream-color or yellowish (rarely pinkish), very variable in size and form. Sepals, especially the laterals, more or less carinate at the apex. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate to oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate to obtuse, 4.5-13 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but often slightly broader than the dorsal sepal, somewhat
oblique.
Petals linear to oblanceolate-linear, subequally long or slightly shorter
than the sepals, acute to broadly obtuse. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, about equaling the sepals; lamina ovate to triangular-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, cordate or subcordate at the base, acuminate to rounded at the apex, 4-9 mm. long and 2-5.5 mm. wide across the base; lamina at the base with a V-shaped callus which is more or less extended toward the apex. Column short and stout, dilated upward in front, retuse in the middle of the back.
Chanchamayo Valley, 1800 meters, Schunke 507. Same 1500 meters, Schunke 1292, 1333. La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1200 meters, in montafia, Macbride 5756. Pichis Trail, San Nicolas, about 1100 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 26058. Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 meters, in dense forest, KilJunin:
locality,
lip & Smith 25607. A widespread and variable species extending from Mexico to Panama and from the West Indies (type) to Venezuela, Brazil and Peru.
Epidendrum raphidophorum
52, no. 164. 1853.
Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Epidendrum
notes).
Plant epiphytic, large and robust, up to 1 meter high (according to collector's Stem stout, terete below where sometimes once-branched, ancipitous-dilated above, entirely concealed by tubular, sometimes evanescent sheaths which are leafbearing except toward the base. Leaves distichous, apparently 6-7, spreading, elliptic-oblong to elliptic, obtuse, deeply clasping at the base, up to 22 cm. long
501
and 3.9 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, more or less arcuate or nodding, racemose above, the peduncle bearing 1-3 large, imbricating, conduplicate spathes. Raceme up to 20 cm. long, rather densely many-flowered. Floral bracts acicular, more or less elongate. Flowers small, white to deep flesh-color. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic (or "oblong"), acuminate, about 1.3 cm. long. Lateral sepals a little longer and broader than the dorsal sepal, semielliptic or obliquely lanceolate-ellipPetals tic, more or less abruptly long-acuminate and carinate-thickened above.
linear or oblanceolate-linear, acute, slightly oblique, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal, with finely denticulate margins. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex,
subequaling the sepals; lamina deeply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, sharply apiculate at the apex, almost 1 cm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes obliquely suborbicular-ovate, with minutely erose outer margins; mid-lobe oblong-subquadrate, somewhat dilated above with incurved sides, sharply apiculate; lamina bicallose at the base with a fleshy-thickened central portion. Column sigmoid when viewed from the side, abruptly dilated above the middle in front, about 9 mm. long, terminated on each side by a fleshy, transversely subquadrate auricle.
Huancavelica: Prov. of Tayacaja, Ampurco woods, SalcabambaTrail, 2900 meters, on mossy tree trunk, Stork & Horton 10424- Venezuela (type).
Surcubamba
The Peruvian
collection differs
relatively broader leaves
from the type in having and shorter floral bracts.
shorter,
FIG. 94. Epidendrum redopedunculatum C. Schweinf. Flower, expanded; X 3.
Epidendrum rectopedunculatum
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
11: 110,
fig.,
1943.
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Figure 94.
by
Plant stout, epiphytic, about 52 cm. tall. Stem terete, strict, entirely concealed tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing except near the base. Leaves distichous, numerous, ovate-lanceolate (rarely oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic), subacute to acuminate, clasping at the base, up to 8.8 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide, Inflorescence terminal, strict, about 11.3 cm. fleshy, shining above, spreading. high, with the rachis closely invested by tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths, provided above with remote, abbreviated, widely spreading branches which are commonly short-branched and are densely flowered. Floral bracts minute, squarFlowers small, subfleshy, mignonette and flesh-red, with rose, triangular-ovate. spreading segments. Dorsal sepal obovate-elliptic, acute, about 7.6 mm. or less
close,
502
30
long. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-obovate, acute, somewhat larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-linear, subacute to retuse, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina fleshy, transversely
oval in outline, abruptly bilobulate in the middle with 2 semiorbicular lobules, subtruncate at the base, up to 7 mm. long on either side of the center and 12.8 mm. wide; disc with a pair of subglobose calli at the base and 3-5 more or less distinct
fleshy ridges in front. Column short and stout, gradually dilated about 4 mm. or less long. Ovary with a semiellipsoid vesicle.
upward
in front,
Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, in dense forest, Klug 10083.
Epidendrum reflexilobum C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 112, fig., 1943. Figure 95.
Plant tall, rather slender. Stems erect from a short decumbent base, about 19 cm. or less long, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are leafbearing except at the base. Leaves distichous, 9 or less, ovate-oblong to oblong or
elliptic-oblong (rarely ovate), rounded and minutely bilobed at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 5.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide (much smaller below), apparently
Peduncle elongate, apparently strict, entirely concealed by numerous, close, tubular, scarious sheaths, about 43.5 cm. or more long. Raceme terminal, short, nodding, more or less densely several- to many-flowered, about 4 cm. or less long.
fleshy.
Floral bracts narrowly triangular, long-acuminate, spreading, the lower ones much the longer. Flowers small, scarlet or crimson with yellow on the lip, the sepals and
petals recurved.
long.
Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute, up to 12.5
mm.
Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-oblong, acute with a dorsal mucro, carinate, a little larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate or cuneate-spatulate,
acute, a
little
longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal.
Lip adnate to the

sepals
col-
umn up to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed, much surpassing the
and
petals,
cordate at the base; lateral lobes obliquely oval in outline, reflexed, irregularly lacerate-dentate at the rounded apex, concave at the base; mid-lobe much larger than the lateral lobes, obovate-oblong in outline including the subquadrate claw,
deeply bilobed with porrect, more or less equal lobules which are irregularly lacerate in front; disc with 3 short, fleshy keels of which the central one is longest, the lateral ones at their fleshy lobulate base spreading onto the lateral lobes. Column short
and
stout, lightly dilated ticulate auricle.
upward
in front, extended
on each
side into
an erect den-
Huanuco: Yanahuanca, about 3070 meters, on rocks among shrubs, Macbride & Feather stone 1290 (type). Junin: Prov. of Cerro, Huariaca, about 3200 meters, on shrubby slope, Asplund 11966.
Epidendrum refractoides C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. vard Univ. 11: 114, fig., 1943. Figure 96.
Leafl.
Har-
Plant robust, epiphytic, about 57.4 cm. or more high. Stem erect, lightly flexuous, entirely concealed by loose, imbricating, infundibuliform sheaths which are leaf-bearing except at the very base, about 23 cm. high. Leaves distichous, about
8, oval to oblong-elliptic, broadly rounded with a minute apicule at the apex, deeply clasping at the base, up to 12 cm. long and 4.2 cm. wide (often progressively shorter below), chartaceous. Inflorescence terminal, arcuate, about 48 cm. or less long,
503
loosely paniculate with appressed, short branches; peduncle up to 14 cm. long, entirely concealed by 3 strict, conduplicate, lanceolate spathes; branches of the panicle in the lower part of the inflorescence, loosely 3- to 5-flowered, subtended by a loose
infundibuliform spathe similar to those on the peduncle. Flowers small, green, fleshy. Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong, truncate-obtuse with a dorsal mucro, about 11 mm. long. Lateral sepals slightly larger than the dorsal sepal, obliquely oblong-
FIG. 95. Epidendrum reflexilobum C. Schweinf. Flower, expanded; X 1^-
FIG. 96. Epidendrum refractoides C. Schweinf. Flower, expanded; X 1J^.
obovate, acute and dorsally mucronate. Petals linear-oblanceolate, broadly obtuse. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina ovate-quadrate in outline, deeply cordate at the base, simple or obscurely 3-lobed (lightly indented in the middle of each side), lightly retuse-apiculate in the middle of the truncate apex, irregularly
crenate-dentate especially in the middle of each side, about 7.8 mm. in greatest length and 9 mm. in greatest width; disc with 2 prominent, fleshy, complanate calli at the base, and 3-5 fleshy ridges in front. Column short, stout, strongly dilated upward in front, crenate-dentate at the truncate apex.
Huanuco: Cani, 7 miles northeast of Mito, about 2600 meters, "in dense stream-wood," Macbride 3391.
Epidendrum refractoides C. Schweinf. var. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 13. 1953.
its
humile
C. Schweinf.
This variety is distinguished from the species by its lower stature, naked or 1-sheathed peduncle, its racemose inflorescence and its
distinctly 3-lobed lip.

Plant small, stout, epiphytic, up to about 19 cm. high. Stems (sometimes destout, entirely concealed by imbricating leaf -sheaths (or fibres of sheaths) about 10 cm. long. Leaves up to 11, approximate, elliptic-ovate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, sessile and clasping at the base, up to 5.1 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, ascending-spreading. Inflorescence solitary, terminal, racemose, erect, about 9.5 cm. or less tall; peduncle short, up to about 4 cm. long, usually bearing a conspicuous, conduplicate, erect spathe about 2.5 cm. long; raceme rather loosely several- (7- or more) flowered, with the rachis up to 6 cm. long. Flowers rather
cumbent at the base)
504

more
or less fleshy, greenish yellow.
30
small,
Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic or
ellip-
tic-oblanceolate, complicate
and apiculate at the apex, 11-12.2
mm.
long.
Lateral
sepals obliquely and broadly lanceolate-elliptic, acute, dorsally carinate, obliquely inserted at the base of the column, about equaling the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, obtuse to subacute, slightly shorter
and much narrower Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina 3-lobed with the lateral lobes upcurved, cordate at the base, about 6-6.5 mm. long in the center and 8-10.2 mm. wide across the lateral lobes when expanded; lateral lobes suborbicularoval, with irregular or lobulate margins; mid-lobe distinct, elliptic-subquadrate, truncate and lightly retuse in front, with the center longitudinally thickened; disc at the base with a pair of complanate, obliquely semiobovate calli. Column short and stout, dilated above in front, about 6.5-7 mm. high at the back.
than the
sepals.
Apurimac: Prov. of Abancay, "bosques de Ampay," epiphyte, Vargas 2050 (type). Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, in the vicinity of the town of Lares, on rocks, 3200 meters, leaves purplish, Vargas 3618.
Epidendrum rigidiflorum
1923.
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
19: 127.
Plant large, shrubby, terrestrial or epiphytic, up to 120 cm. high. Stem simple or usually loosely branching (commonly divaricately so), entirely concealed by close, tubular, more or less rugulose sheaths which are leaf-bearing except at the
base of the stem and branches.
Leaves numerous, distichous, lanceolate to oblonglanceolate (rarely elliptic-lanceolate), acute to acuminate, clasping at the base, spreading, more or less coriaceous, up to 15 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, erect or irregularly arcuate, about 21 cm. or less long, loosely race-
mose and
several- to many-flowered above, with a short naked peduncle. Floral bracts conspicuous, ovate-lanceolate (rarely ovate), spreading, equaling or surpassing the pedicelled ovary. Flowers small to medium-sized, fleshy, rigid when dry, green, brownish green or whitish, often tinged with dull lavender, with spread-
ing or reflexed segments. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate or "oblong," acute, up to 1.4 cm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-ovate or elliptic-lanceolate ("oblong"),
acute or acuminate, slightly longer and broader than the dorsal sepal, subcarinate. Petals elliptic-linear, acute, shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column about to its apex; lamina concave-conduplicate, simple, broadly triangular, deeply
auriculate-cordate at the base, acute or acuminate above, up to 9.5 mm. long in the middle and rather broader at the base when expanded; disc naked. Column very short and stout, strongly dilated upward in front, terminating on each side in a prominent upcurved tooth.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hacienda Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Vargas 2532. Prov. of Paucartambo, eastern slope of the Andes above Cosnipata, 2000-2100 meters, Weberbauer 6967. Huanuco: Between Huanuco and Pampayaco (PamKanehira 334 (branches strict, leaves small). Carpish Pass, payacu), 84 km. from Tingo Maria on highway to Lima, about 2750 meters, Allard 21104- Also Costa Rica (type), Venezuela and Colombia.
505
Epidendrum rigidum Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760; Select. Stirp. Am. 222, t. 134. 1763; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 171.
1898. Figure 97.
Plant more or less robust, epiphytic, with a long-creeping and often branching, loosely sheathed rhizome. Stems erect, ascending or arcuate, simple, approximate to subremote, up to 20 (rarely 30) cm. high, entirely concealed by tubular sheaths
which are leaf-bearing except in the lower portion, strongly complanate above. Leaves loosely distichous, 1-11, spreading, linear-oblong to oblong-elliptic or oval, broadly rounded or lightly bilobed at the apex, clasping at the base, coriaceous, up to 8.5 (rarely 12.5) cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, erect or arcuate, up to 16 cm. long, distichously racemose nearly to the base, laxly or subdensely few- to many-flowered, with a bialate, more or less flexuous rachis. Floral bracts large and conspicuous, equitant, dorsally carinate, obtuse, surpassing the flower or equaling the ovary in course of development, up to 25 mm. long. Flowers very small, rigid-fleshy, green to yellowish. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong or ellipticoblong, subacute, up to 8.4 mm. long (rarely). Lateral sepals obliquely oblongovate or elliptic-ovate, a little larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear or oblanceolate-linear, acute or obtuse, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip
adnate to the column up to its apex, subequaling the lateral sepals; lamina simple, broadly ovate to suborbicular, strongly cordate at the base, obtuse (rarely subtruncate or acute) at the apex, up to 6 mm. long; disc bicallose at the base with a more or less conspicuous thickened median line. Column short, stout, dilated up-
ward
in front,
up
to 4
mm.
long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convencion, Sahuayaco, 900 meters, on slopes, Vargas 1818. San Martin: San Roque, 1350-1500 meters, Williams 7525. Zepelacio near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, in mountain
Klug 3597. A widespread and rather variable species extending from Florida (U.S.A.) and Mexico through Central America and the West Indies (type) to Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil
forest,
and
Bolivia.
Epidendrum Rondosianum
Cie"nc.
C. Schweinf. Rev. Acad. Colomb.
Exact. Fisic. y Natur. 5: 351. 1943.
Plant epiphytic, medium-sized, sometimes exceeding 37 cm. in height. Stem fusiform, about 15 cm. or more long, entirely concealed by imbricating sheaths which are scarious and non-leaf-bearing below and leaf-bearing and usually foliaceous above. Leaves distichous, 8 or less, subapproximate above, oblong-lanceolate to oblong (rarely ovate-oblong), obtuse, slightly narrowed to a clasping base, up to 17 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide, subcoriaceous, erect or ascending. Inflorescence terminal, suberect, racemose above, up to 27 cm. high; raceme many-flowered, dense or subdense above, very loose below, peduncle 1.5-8.2 cm. long, commonly with 2 small, remote, infundibuliform sheaths. Floral bracts small, spreading, ovate,
acute, inconspicuous. Flowers small, pale yellow, subfleshy, with spreading segments. Pedicellate ovary and sepals shortly pubescent. Dorsal sepal obovateoblong or elliptic-oblanceolate, acute or subacute, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-obovate, acute with a dorsal mucro, about as long as, but
506
507
a little wider than, the dorsal sepal. Petals linear-oblanceolate, subacute, shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina distinctly 3-lobed, deeply cordate at the base, about 5.3 mm. or less long in the middle to the retuse apex, 8.2-10 mm. wide across the expanded lateral lobes; lateral lobes obliquely rounded-dolabriform, with irregular outer margins; mid-lobe subquadrate-obovate, subequaling the lateral lobes; disc provided at the base with a callus consisting of about 7 approximate, irregular, pyriform or lobulate papillae. Column strongly dilated above in front, lobulate-retuse in the middle, on each side extended into a
transverse-subquadrate, bilobulate wing.
This description is inclusive of additional material received since the type was described.
Apurimac: Prov.
Vargas 2325.
of
Abancay, Mataro Ravine, 2600 meters,
Epidendrum rostrigerum
Epidendrum Bangii Rolfe,
concealed
Bull.
Reichb. f. Linnaea 41: 38. 1876. N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 451. 1907.
Plant robust, epiphytic, up to 120 cm. tall. Stem simple or branched, entirely by close, tubular sheaths which are finely rugulose and leaf-bearing. Leaves numerous, distichous, spreading, oval to oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, acute to obtuse, clasping at the base, up to 12.7 cm. long and 3 cm. wide,
coriaceous and nervose. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, subdensely several- to many-flowered nearly to the base, 15 cm. or less long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading, surpassing the pedicelled ovary. Flowers small, fleshy, greenish or greenish red. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about 1.5 cm. or less long. Lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate ("triangular"), acute or acuminate, carinate above, about equally long but broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear, acute or acuminate, slightly shorter than the dorsal Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina very fleshy, concavesepal.
conduplicate, simple, embracing the upper part of the column, broadly triangular with a cordate-auriculate base, narrowed to an obtuse tip, about 1 cm. long in the
middle and 1.6 cm. wide when expanded; disc naked but with a more or less conspicuous-thickened median base. Column very short and stout, dilated upward in front, terminating on each side in an upcurved, broadly semiovate auricle. Anther
long-rostrate.
Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, about 4000 meters, Macbride 4897. Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 152. 1921. Sachapata, on tree trunks, Lechler 2690 (type of E. rostrigerum). Also Bolivia
(type of E. Bangii).
Epidendrum Ruizianum
558. 1840.
Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, pt. 1: nutans Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Epidendrum
FIG. 97.
Epidendrum rigidum Jacq.
1,
front-side view;
5.
3, flower, side
view;
3.
plant; 2, lip and column, Drawn by 4, anther, enlarged.
XI.
Blanche Ames.
508
30
Hook. Journ. Bot.

1853.
Chil. 1: 245. 1798, not Sw. 1788. Epidendrum spathaceum Lindl. 3: 85. 1841; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 53, no. 166.
Plant large, growing on trees or rocks, base of plant not seen. Stem stout, enby close, tubular, imbricating leaf-sheaths. Leaves oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblong, obtuse and minutely bilobulate at the apex, clasping at the base, coriaceous, erect-spreading, up to 24 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, strict below, nodding above, compound, consisting of several rather short, subremote, densely many-flowered racemes which are arcuate or pendent, the peduncle being entirely concealed by 3 or more appressed, imbricating, conduplicate, elongate spathes. Rachis provided with similar, elongate-falcate, conduplicate spathes subtending the racemes. Flowers small, white and pink. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals strongly oblique, semiPetals filiform, elliptic, acute or acuminate, slightly larger than the dorsal sepal. subacute, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, distinctly surpassing the sepals; lamina sharply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, about 5 mm. long in the middle; lateral lobes aliform-semiovate, denticulate to sharp-dentate on the outer margin; mid-lobe porrect, oblong-subquadrate to ovate-oblong, obtuse or retuse and apiculate; disc with a pair of complanate calli at the base and with a fleshy-thickened median ridge. Column dilated in front, terminating in a pair of transverse, subquadrate auricles, about 6 mm. long to the
tirely concealed
apex of an
auricle.
Huanuco: Mufia and Chaclla (Chaglla), on trees and rocks in woods, Pavdn s.n. (type of E. nutans and E. spathaceum). Also Colombia and Venezuela.
Lindl. Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 84. 1841; Epidendrum 35, no. 108. 1853. Epidendrum Penlandii 0. Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 9, t. 4, figs. 1-3.
Epidendrum rupestre
Fol. Orch.
L.
1940.
Plant small, epiphytic or growing on rocks, up to 17.5 cm.
viated.
tall.
Rhizome abbre-
caespitose, cylindric or fusiform and more or less arcuate when dry, about 4 cm. or less long, obliquely bifoliate at the apex, invested by several loose,
Stems
imbricating,
membranaceous sheaths. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute, clasping at the cuneate base, up to 8.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide, coriaceous, ascending. Inflorescence terminal, erect or suberect becoming arcuate or pendent,
loosely racemose above, about 13 cm. high; peduncle complanate, with 1 or 2 scarious, lanceolate, acuminate sheaths. Raceme loosely several- (up to 11-) flowered, with the rachis up to 6 cm. long. Floral bracts small, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, much shorter than the pedicelled ovary. Flowers very small, yellow, or pinkish white
and yellow, with spreading or reflexed segments. Dorsal sepal obovateoblong, obtuse or subacute, about 7 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but slightly broader than the dorsal sepal, obliquely obovate-oblong, acute at the dorsally carinate apex, with the base adnate to the column up to about one half of its length. Petals oblanceolate-linear, obtuse, slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, distinctly exceeding the sepals; lamina reniform in outline, distinctly 3-lobed, cordate at the base, about 4 mm. long in the middle and

7
509
mm. wide below, convex; lateral lobes suborbicular, irregularly denticulate on the outer margins, acute in front; mid-lobe subquadrate-rounded, broader than long, minutely denticulate at the truncate, often retuse, apex; disc fleshy-thickened in
the center, with 3 stout, approximate, fleshy ridges. Column slender, slightly dilated above, about 6 mm. long, terminating in a shallow, transverse, subquad-
rate auricle
on each
side.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. Ecuador (type of E. rupestre and E. Penlandii).
9: 152. 1921.
Epidendrum
by
up
sarcostalix Reichb.
f.
&
Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 111. 1854.
Plant stout (lower portion lacking in the type).

loose, tubular, leaf-bearing sheaths.
Stem stout, mostly concealed Leaves distichous, spreading, 9 or more,
oval to elliptic ("oblong"), obtuse and apiculate at the apex, clasping at the base, to 5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. or less wide, with cartilaginous margins. Raceme
terminal, reflexed, about 8 cm. long, subdensely many- (about 12-) flowered above, with a short peduncle. Floral bracts very small, triangular-setaceous, much shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers rather small, fleshy-chartaceous. Dorsal sepal
oblong-obovate, acute, about 1.8 cm. long. Lateral sepals subequal but a little wider. Petals cuneate-oblanceolate, subacute. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, deflexed, broadly ovate- triangular, replicate, cordate at the base, apparently about 8 mm. long and somewhat wider below when expanded,
acute; disc with a pair of small rounded calli at the base. Column arcuate-clavate, dilated above in front, terminating in a pair of transverse, subquadrate ("obliquely rhombic") auricles. Ovary with a narrow, elongate sac.
Peru: Without exact locality, Warscewicz
s.n.
This diagnosis has been prepared from a drawing, apparently from the type, in the Reichenbach Herbarium, supplemented by the type
description.
Epidendrum
187.
saxicola Kranzl. (as saxicoluni) Fedde Repert.
1:
1905.
Plant rather low, with a stout, creeping rhizome. Pseudobulbs approximate (sometimes only 1 pseudobulb present), pyriform-subcylindric, clothed and surpassed by 2 or more broad scarious sheaths, unifoliate at the apex, up to 6.5 cm. Leaf erect, elliptic or ellipticlong, strongly striate-rugose in the dried plant. oblong, broadly obtuse and often bilobulate at the apex, clasping at the base, 6-12 cm. long, up to 2.5 cm. wide, thickly coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, erect and often slightly arcuate above, somewhat shorter or longer than the leaf, 2- to 5-flowered near the apex; peduncle stout, more or less concealed by a large oblong, conduplicate spathe. Floral bracts minute. Flowers relatively large, with spreading or reflexed segments. Sepals and petals dull purple, lip milk-white suffused with purple, or the entire flower yellow or cream-colored. Dorsal sepal ellipticoblong or lanceolate-oblong, acute or obtuse, about 1.5-1.7 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar but a little broader, very oblique at the base. Petals linear-oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, convex, suborbicular or obscurely
510
30
pentagonal, about 1 cm. or less long in the middle and conspicuously broader, cordate at the base; disc with a pair of minute calli at the base. Column stout, strongly dilated upward in front from below the middle, about 1-1.3 cm. long, terminated
in the center
by a very broad, rounded,
cucullate lobe
and with a smaller rounded
lobule on each side.
Amazonas: East of Chachapoyas, between Tambo Ventillas and Piscohuanum, 3300-3400 meters, on grassy plains with scattered Cuzco: Prov. of shrubs, between stones, Weberbauer 4414 (type). 2750 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 2181. Same Paucartambo, Pillahuata,
locality,
3400 meters, Vargas 3012.

Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Epidendrum scabrum Ruiz &

Chil. 1: 248. 1798; Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Peruv. et
Epidendrum
Reichb.
1898.
f.
Bonpl. 4: 215. 1856; Cogn. Martius
85, no. 271. 1853; Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 106.
Epidendrum scabrum var. parviflorum Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 107. 1898. Epidendrum loxense Lehm. & Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 26: 469. 1899. Epidendrum cardiophyllum Kranzl. Engler
Bot. Jahrb. 37: 523. 1906.
Plant variable, simple or sparingly branched. Stems stout or slender, ascending or arcuate, entirely or mostly concealed by close, tubular, pustulose leaf-sheaths, often exceeding 67 cm. in height. Leaves numerous, distichous, spreading, ovate to ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate and often apiculate, deeply
clasping at the base, 2.5-5 cm. long, up to 1.8 cm. wide. Inflorescence much exceeding the leaves, racemose or more commonly paniculate, having an abbreviated peduncle with subparallel to widely spreading, many-flowered branches. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, much shorter than the slender pedicellate ovary.
Flowers small, campanulate to slightly spreading, sulphur-yellow to clear yellow. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate-elliptic ("oblong"), up to about 9.5 mm. long, subacute and apiculate. Lateral sepals subequally long but broader, obliquely oblong-obovate, acute and apiculate, with a subapical keel, obliquely adnate to the column at the base. Petals cuneate-spatulate to linear-oblanceolate, acute to broadly obtuse, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, equaling or slightly exceeding the sepals; lamina small, distinctly 3-lobed, cordate at the base, up to 4.8 mm. long in the middle and 6 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes obliquely suborbicular or round-ovate; midlobe more or less larger, quadrate or subquadrate, retuse and apiculate; disc with a pair of fleshy, complanate calli at the base and 3 more or less distinct thickened lines in front. Column large for the flower, abruptly dilated in front above the middle, about 7.6 mm. long.
3200.
Amazonas: Near Andimarcha and Chachapoyas, Mathews 1063, Huanuco: Pillao and Muna, on rocky mountains, Pavdn s.n. of E. scabrum). Playapampa, about 2700 meters, "wet rocky (type
[Rio] Huallaga, 3100-3200 meters, Weberbauer 6828. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, mountains west of Huacapistana, 2600-3000 meters, open humid woods mingled with shrubs,
sphagnum slope," Macbride 4887.

.
511
Also Colombia and Weberbauer 2082 (type of E. cardiophyllum) Ecuador (type of E. scabrum var. parviflorum and E. loxense).
EPIDENDRUM
erianum
FIG. 98.
mes
Plant;
Epidendrum Schlechterianum Ames.
1.
Flower parts;
2.

Sched. Orch. 7:
9, fig. 1.
Epidendrum Schlechterianum Ames,

1924.
N anodes discolor Lindl.

Benth. ex
drum
discolor
Kew
Bot. Reg. 18, t. 1541. 1832. EpidenHand-list Orch. 105. 1896, not A. Rich.
&
Gal.
Epidendrum
brevicaule Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
17: 30.
1922, not Schltr. 1921.
Figure 98.
Plant dwarf, extremely variable as to vegetative and floral size and form of the flower parts, epiphytic or rarely terrestrial. Stems very short, approximate on a
512
30
more or
less abbreviated rhizome, spreading, entirely concealed by the closely imbricating leaves, rarely up to 7 cm. long. Leaves dense, distichous, horizontally spreading or recurved, with loose, densely imbricating sheathing (not articulated
bases), oblong-ovate or elliptic-oblong to linear-oblong, broadly obtuse to bilobulate and apiculate at the apex, up to 3.2 cm. long and 8 mm. wide when expanded,
Flowers 1 or more commonly 2, at the apex of the stems, sessile, small but large for the plant, yellow-green or bronzy-green to pale pink-purple. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, apiculate, 9-18.6 mm. long, dorsally carinate. Lateral sepals subequal to the dorsal sepal, elliptic-lanceolate, very oblique with the center long-decurrent on the column
fleshy, convex.
at the base, acute or acuminate, with a high, thin, denticulate keel. Petals linearlanceolate or linear-oblong, acute or acuminate, obliquely inserted on the column,
little shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina concave-conduplicate in natural position, simple, strongly cordate at the base, reniform to suborbicular-ovate when expanded, rounded and mucronate at the apex, fleshy, 4.5-9 mm. long in the middle and 5-11.6 mm. wide; disc naked. Column short or rather short, dilated upward in front, terminating on each side in a prominent, broadly and obliquely rounded, fleshy auricle, the retuse center dentate to
lacerate.
Huanuco: Tingo Maria, 670 meters, Carpenter 103a. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke s.n. Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1300-1700 meters, in dense forest, Schunke A 49. La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1200 meters, Macbride 5665. Also Central America (Mexico to Panama, type of E. brevicaule), West Indies (Trinidad), and Brazil (type of N anodes discolor}.
f. Linnaea 22: 838. 1849; Reichb. Ann. Bot. 6: 361. 1862; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. HarWalp. vard Univ. 16: 14. 1953. Epidendrum tenellum Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epi-
Epidendrum Schlimii Reichb.
f.
dendrum
44, no. 138. 1853.
Plant small, epiphytic, up to 14 cm. tall. Stems short, caespitose, spreading, slender, up to 13 cm. long, entirely concealed by rather close, fleshy, tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing except near the base. Leaves several to numerous, distichous, widely spreading, linear-filiform, acute, triquetrous in section, clasping at the base, up to 3.5 cm. long. Inflorescence terminal, suberect to arcuate, up to 7 cm. or more long, with a short, inconspicuously bialate peduncle surmounted by a
small, lanceolate, conduplicate, carinate spathe; rachis fractiflex, filiform, at each of the remote angles bearing an abbreviated, congested, few-flowered raceme or
solitary flowers near the apex. Floral bracts similar to the spathe, a little shorter than the floral axis which they subtend. Flowers very small, membranaceous, pale
reddish.
long.
Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong, acute and shortly apiculate, about 3.9 mm. Lateral sepals obliquely obovate, obtuse and subapically carinate, about equally long but much broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals cuneate-filiform, truncate at the apex, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column
up
retuse
to its apex; lamina simple, transversely oval, deeply cordate at the base, lightly and apiculate in front, about 2 mm. long in the middle, 3.5-4 mm. wide,
calli
crenulate on the margins; disc with a pair of minute
at the base
and with

about 3
513
Column relatively large, slightly dilated fleshy ridges in front. mm. or more long at the back.
upward
in front,
Huanuco: Mufia, about 2150 meters, Macbride 3966. Also Venezuela (type of E. Schlimii) and Colombia (type of E. tenellum)
.
Epidendrum Schlimii
& Warsc.)
1854.
Reichb. f. var. gracillimum (Reichb. f. C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 15. 1953.
f.
Epidendrum gracillimum Reichb.
&
Warsc. Allg. Gartenz. 22: 314.
Plant small, up to 19 cm. tall including the inflorescence, larger than the Leaves longer than those of the type, linear-filiform, about 4.5-6 cm. Branches of the panicle distinct and relatively elongate. Flowers very long. similar to those of the type, but the lip more or less distinctly 3-lobed or crenulate at the apex, with a shortened, transverse, bilobulate mid-lobe.
species.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. (type of E. gracilliCuzco: Prov. of Convention, heights of Pintobamba, 2300 meters, epiphyte in low, damp forest, Vargas 3268.
mum).
Epidendrum sclerocladium
Lindl. ex Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 4: 326.
3, pt. 5: 51.
1898.
Plant large. Pseudobulbs and leaves apparently lacking in the type. Inflorescence paniculate, loosely and divaricately branching, exceeding 37 cm. in height;
branches remote, loosely forking with widely spreading branchlets, minutely roughened, very loosely many-flowered. Floral bracts very small, triangularlanceolate, much shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers rather small, equal
to those of
Epidendrum virgatum. Sepals apparently oblong-lanceolate ("cuneatelanceolate"), about 1.3 cm. long, acute or acuminate. Petals about equal to the sepals, subspatulate. Lip shortly adnate to the column; lamina deeply 3-lobed;
curved forward or falcate, sharply acute, erect in natural position; mid-lobe much larger, from a short, cuneate claw abruptly dilated into a suborbicular-ovate limb, acute; disc traversed in the middle by a
lateral lobes triangular-lanceolate,
trisulcate callus, with thickened lateral veins. Column stout, minutely tridentate at the truncate apex, with a pair of small, incurved, broadly rounded auricles
near the summit.
Peru: Habitat uncertain (perhaps Loreto), source of the

River, Warscewicz s.n.
Maranon
This description was prepared from drawings of the type from the Reichenbach Herbarium, supplemented by the original diagnosis and
the later treatment.
Epidendrum Scutella
Fol. Orch.
Schltr.
Epidendrum Fedde Repert. Beih.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 83, no. 2. 1844; 49, no. 154. 1853. Epidendrum plalyoon
9: 91. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57:
t.
120, nr. 473. 1929.
514
30
Plant robust, epiphytic. Stem simple or slightly branched, stout, up to over 30 cm. long, suberect to arcuate, leafy, entirely concealed by rather loose, tubular or infundibuliform leaf-sheaths. Leaves numerous, distichous, spreading, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, oblong-ovate to elliptic, subacute to obtusely bilobulate at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 13 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, abbreviated, 1- to 4-flowered, subtended by 1 or 2 large, conduplicate, semiorbicular spathes which are up to 5.5 cm. long. Floral bracts very small, ovate-triangular, much shorter than the elongate, pedicellate ovary. Flowers large, fleshy, greenish or greenish yellow, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, up to 3.6 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal or a little broader, oblique, acute to acuminate. Petals very similar to the sepals and nearly as large, somewhat oblique. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, suborbicular-oval, broadly obtuse to somewhat acute, shortly cordate at the base, about 2.6 cm. long in the middle and 2.2 cm. wide; disc with a pair of small calli at the base and a carinate-thickened midnerve. Column short, dilated upward, about 8 mm. long, with a pair of semiorbicular, crenulate auricles above.
Cajamarca: Chugur, northwest of Hualgayoc, 2700-2900 meters, Weberbauer 4101 (type of E. platyoori). Also Ecuador (type of E. Scutella) and Colombia.
Epidendrum serpens
Fol. Orch.
Lindl. Benth.
PL Hartweg.
149. 1844;
Epidendrum
28, no. 87. 1853.
Plant dwarf, epiphytic, with a long-creeping, rooting rhizome which appears to be branching near the apex. Pseudobulbs very numerous, subapproximate, oblong-cylindric, up to 1.2 cm. long, obliquely curved in the dried plant, 2- to
3-leafed at the apex. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, sharply acute, up to 3.7 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescences terminal, aggregated, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Flowers violet, rather large. Dorsal sepal
narrowly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Lateral sepals ovate, acuminate. Petals linear-lanceolate, acute. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, broadly ovate-cordate, acute, cochleate, serrulate; disc smooth. Column short, stout, terminating in a pair of transverse auricles. Capsule large, ellipsoid.
Harlweg
Peru: Chuquiribamba, in mountains, creeping among lichens, s.n. (type). Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9: 152. 1921.
This diagnosis was prepared by the aid of a photograph bearing an indistinct floral analysis from the Lindley Herbarium, supplemented by the descriptions.
Epidendrum smaragdinum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24, Misc. 32, no. 44. 1838; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 66, no. 208. 1853; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 104. 1898.
Plant slender, epiphytic, about 52 cm. or less tall. Stem simple, leafy, slender, entirely concealed by numerous close, tubular, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves distichous, spreading, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, clasping at

the base,
515
up to 6.2 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide, apparently very fleshy. Inflorescence terminal, nodding, shorter than the leaves, racemose, commonly with one or more side branches, densely few- to several-flowered. Floral bracts small, triangularlanceolate or triangular-ovate, acuminate, squarrose. Flowers very small, green,
Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic or linear-oblong ("oband apiculate, about 6.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely elliptic-lanceolate or semioval, acute and apiculate, about equally long but broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals elliptic-linear, acute ("acuminate"), a little shorter than the dorsal sepal, slightly oblique. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina transversely flabellate in outline, cuneate below with a minutely cordate base, subequally 3-lobed in front, with the lateral lobules rounded and the middle lobule acute, or truncate-retuse and apiculate, about 4.9 mm. long in the middle and 8 mm. wide across the anterior part; disc with a pair of small fleshy calli at the base and 3 fleshy ridges in front. Column short and stout, dilated upward in front, about 3 mm. long.
with spreading segments.
long-lanceolate"), sharply acute
Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug 10107. rara (type) and Brazil.
Also
Deme-
Epidendrum soratae
Reichb.
f.
Xen. Orch.
3: 24. 1878.
Plant small to medium-sized, up to 56 cm. or more tall, epiphytic on trees or rocks. Stem slender to stout, commonly loosely branching (especially above), entirely or mostly concealed by tubular sheaths which are scarious and evanescent in the lower portions and leaf-bearing above. Leaves small, elliptic-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, abruptly acute and apiculate, up to 4.2 cm. long and 8 mm. wide, mostly deciduous except near the apex of the branches. Inflorescences short, nodding, about 1-1.5 cm. long, several-flowered, densely flowered above. Floral bracts minute, triangular-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, much shorter than the slender pedicellate ovary. Flowers very small, greenish white, yellow or dull wine-red (sometimes spotted), with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong to obovate-oblong, acute or obtuse, up to 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals slightly longer and rather wider, obliquely obovate-oblong, acute and dorsally Petals oblanceolate-linear, more or less acute, almost carinate at the apex. equaling the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina transverse, reniform or ovate-reniform, cordate at the base, up to 3 mm. long in the
center and 6 mm. wide, more or less distinctly 3-lobed in front; lateral lobes relatively large, dolabriform-suborbicular to aliform; mid-lobe shallow, lightly retuse and apiculate and either protuberant beyond the lateral lobes or not protuberant
beyond the apices of the lateral lobes; disc with 2 minute calli at the base and a more or less fleshy line through the middle. Column slender below, abruptly
dilated near the apex in front.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Tres Cruces, 3600 meters, Vargas Prov. of Urubamba, Tuncapata-Puyupata, 3200 meters, in wet forest, Vargas 2928. Prov. of Urubamba, near Wenner Gren Puno: ruins, 3400-3600 meters, in wet rainy forest, Metcalf 30766. Prov. of Carabaya, below Ollachea, 2550 meters, on rocks, Vargas 6934. Prov. of Carabaya, between Ollachea and Ackopampa, 3450 meters, on rocky slopes with humus, Vargas 6979. Also Bolivia (type)
2259.
.
516
30
Epidendrum
vard Univ. 14: 58,
strictiforme C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Hart.
16. 1949.
Figure 99.
Plant medium-sized, stout, epiphytic, up to 37 cm. tall. Stem entirely concealed by strongly complanate, tubular leaf-sheaths. Leaves 5, loosely distichous, ovate or oblong-ovate, rounded and minutely bilobulate at the apex, amplexicaul at the broad base, up to 7.5 cm. long and 3.4 cm. wide, spreading. Inflorescence erect, racemose above, about 20 cm. long; peduncle about 11 cm. long, entirely concealed by 2 or 3 strictly erect, conduplicate, imbricating spathes that are rounded to acute at the tip. Raceme densely many-flowered. Floral bracts lax, linear-lanceolate, the lower ones subequaling the slender pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, pale brownish green flushed with purple, spreading. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, acute, about 9 or 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-oblanceolate, lightly sigmoid, acute or short-acuminate, a little longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-linear, lightly incurved, acute or short-acuminate, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina sharply 3-lobed, fleshy, cordate at the base, up to 5.8 mm. long in the center and 7.7 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes rounded-dolabriform, with irregularly crenate outer margins; mid-lobe ovate, acute, protuberant, very fleshy; disc with a pair of small fleshy, conical calli at the base. Column straight, dilated above in front, up to 7 mm. long at the back, produced on each side of the apex into an obliquely semiorbicular-ovate lobe.
Huanuco: Carpish, 2800 meters, on a

kowski 37014-
tree in cloud forest, Woyt-
Epidendrum strobiliferum
Reichb.
f.
Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 4:

t.
332. 1858; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 174, Figure 100.
25,
fig. 2.
1898.
Plant small to large, epiphytic, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stem commonly diffusely much branched (rarely simple when young), up to 30 cm. tall, with the more or less flexuous internodes entirely enveloped by close, tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing except near the base of the stem or branches. Leaves distichous,
spreading, numerous, elliptic-oblong (more rarely ovate-oblong or linear-oblong), acute to more usually obtuse or bilobulate, clasping at the base, up to 4.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide (usually smaller), apparently fleshy. Inflorescences terminal on
the branches, shortly racemose, few-flowered, up to 3.5 cm. long. Floral bracts very prominent, spathaceous, suborbicular-ovate, concave, imbricated and exceeding the pedicellate ovary when young. Flowers very small, green to white or reddish, with the segments strongly nervose and subparallel. Dorsal sepal oblonglanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse to acute, up to 4.2 mm. (rarely 5.3 mm.) Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, long, subcarinate.
about as long as the dorsal sepal but distinctly broader, acute, dorsally carinate near the apex. Petals oblanceolate-linear, subacute to acute, nearly as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, cordate-triangular to ovate-cordate with more or less irregular margins, concave, acute to acuminate, up to 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide when expanded; disc with a pair of minute calli at the base. Column very short and stout, dilated upward in front, with a conspicuous triangular tooth on each side of the apex and 2 smaller teeth
EPIDENDRUM
stxic tif
FIG. 99.
Epidendrum
strictiforme C. Schweinf.
3,
1,
plant;
from the
X 2Y 2
front, expanded; 4, lateral sepal;
X 23^. X 2^-
column and
lip
from
Vie. 2, flower side, natural position;
517
518

in the retuse center.
519
Ovary with a
small, semiellipsoid vesicle at the
summit
beneath the
lip.
Loreto: Valley of Rio Maranon, San Isidro, near the mouth of Rio Pastaza, 150 meters, in dense forest, KiUip, Smith & Dennis 29184. On wooded banks of Rio Itaya, above Iquitos, about 110 meters, A widespread and rather variable species exKillip & Smith 29291 tending from southern Florida and Mexico through Central America
.
and the West Indies to Surinam
(type), Brazil
and Peru.
Epidendrum subliberum
vard Univ. 15: 144,
t.
44. 1952.
Figure 101.
Plant small, slender, branching, epiphytic, about 17.5 cm. tall from the base of the stem to the tip of an erect leaf. Stems about 10 cm. or less high, consisting of short, mostly strict branches; branches slender or somewhat thickened above, entirely concealed by imbricating, tubular sheaths of which the upper 3 or 4 are
leaf-bearing.
Leaves erect-ascending, linear, complicate and mucronate at the apex, clasping at the sessile conduplicate base, up to 7.5 cm. long and 5 mm. wide. Inflorescences terminal on the upper branches, solitary, pendent, racemose, about 8.6 cm. or less long; peduncle very short, bearing several small, lanceolate, long-
attenuate bracts; raceme subdensely many-flowered, about 8 cm. or less long. Flowers very small, "dark blue," with wide-spreading or reflexed segments. Dorsal sepal oval or oblong-elliptic, obtuse, about 3.4 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, subacute, lightly oblique, slightly broader above, a little longer than the dorsal Petals nearly as long as the lateral sepals but much narrower, obliquely sepal. lanceolate, subacute, with somewhat irregular margins. Lip adnate to the base of the column, transverse, from an abbreviated, broadly cuneate claw abruptly dilated into the lamina, about 4.2 mm. long; lamina distinctly 3-lobed in front, subcordate at the base, about 6 mm. wide, with irregular margins; lateral lobes relatively large, obliquely ovate-rotund, horizontally spreading; mid-lobe relatively small, semiorbicular, about 1 mm. long and 2 mm. wide at the base. Column small, about 2 mm. high.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, epiphyte in rain-forest, 3400 meters, Vargas 3011.
Epidendrum subreniforme
vard Univ. 11: 117,
t. 9, figs.
4-6. 1943.
Figure 87.
Plant epiphytic, about 21.5 cm. high. Stem stout, simple (except for one abbreviated, ascending branch above), entirely concealed by distichous, tubular, complanate, leaf-bearing sheaths which are scarious except in the upper portion of the
strobiliferum Reichb. f. 1, plant; X 1. 2, inflodorsal sepal; X 6. 4, petal; X 6. 5, lateral sepal; X 6. 6, lip; X 6. 7, column and upper part of ovary from side; X 10. 8, column, frontventral view; X 10. 9, anther, enlarged. 10, pollinia, much enlarged. Original drawing by Blanche Ames, redrawn by G. W. Dillon.
FIG. 100.
Epidendrum
3,
rescence;
4.
EPIDENDRUM
subliherum
FIG. 101. Epidendrum subliberum C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X %. 2, flower, natural position; X 5. 3, lip, expanded; X 5. 4, lip and column from side; X 5. 7, dorsal sepal; X 5. 6, petal; X 5. 5, lateral sepal; X 5.
520

stem.
521
Leaves small,
elliptic,
acute, sessile
and clasping at the base, spreading, up
cm. wide, submembranaceous. Inflorescence terminal, abbreviated, recurved, loosely about 4-flowered. Flowers rather large, greenish Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, acute, about yellow, with spreading segments.
to 4.6 cm. long
1.5
and
19 mm. long. Lateral sepals semi-oval or obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, distinctly longer and broader than the dorsal sepal, concave, carinate especially above the middle. Petals linear-oblanceolate, acute or subacute, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina reniform in outline, subsimple, lightly retuse on each side, cordate at the base, somewhat retuse and bluntly apiculate in the middle of the broadly rounded apex, about 12 mm. long in the center and 25.8 mm. wide near the base; disc channelled through the middle and convex-spreading on each side, obscurely bicallose at the
base. Column rather short, stout, strongly dilated upward in front and produced into a fleshy, subquadrate auricle on each side, about 12 mm. long to the tip of
an
auricle.
Huanuco: Cushi, about 1500 meters, on a small

Macbride 45^3.
tree in the sun,
Epidendrum subreniforme
C. Schweinf. var.
ramosum
C.
Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 15. 1953.

short, strict branches unlike the type.
Plant medium-sized, incomplete in my specimen. Stem slender, with several Leaves elliptic or oblanceolate-oblong, larger than in the species, up to 6.5 cm. long and 1.9 cm. wide. Inflorescences chiefly erect. Flowers rose-purple (instead of yellow), smaller than those of the species. Dorsal sepal elliptic, 1.5 cm. long. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina simple, semiorbicular-reniform, without any apicule, ecallose at the base, about 1 cm. long in the middle and 2.3 cm. wide. Column stout, dilated above, about 8 mm. long at the back.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Sahuayaco, 1600 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 6295.
Epidendrum tenuispathum
Harvard Univ.
Plant
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
15: 146,
t.
45. 1952.
Figure 102.
tall, epiphytic, 0.6-0.9 meter high (according to the collector's notes). stout, incomplete in the type, entirely concealed by the sheaths of the leaves, portion present 17.6 cm. long. Leaves distichous, apparently numerous, 4 cm. or less apart, widely spreading, lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
Stem
acute and minutely apiculate, amplexicaul below, about 8-13 cm. long, 2.3-2.9 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, erect, loosely paniculate, apparently lacking any free peduncle; rachis about 16 cm. long, subtended by a loose, scarious, conduplicate
spathe about 6 cm. long. Floral bracts linear-lanceolate, scarious. Flowers rather small for the genus, with spreading segments, dark red with pink to white lip. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblanceolate, subacute,
about 1.5 cm. long and 5-5.6 mm. wide. Lateral sepals broadly and very obliquely elliptic-oblanceolate, acute, dorsally carinate with the keel produced into a prominent mucro, a little larger than the dorsal
sepal.
Petals obliquely oblanceolate-linear to linear-spatulate,
more
or less curved,
EPIDENDRUM
temiisnathum
FIG. 102.
expanded;
XI.
Epidendrum tenuispathum C. Schweinf. 1, plant; 3, column and lip, three quarters view; X 1.
X K.
2, flower, 4, lateral sepal;
1.
522
523
acute at the sometimes rounded apex, nearly as long as the dorsal sepal but less than half as wide. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina conspicuously 3-lobed near the middle, cordate at the base, about 9 mm. long through the middle and 14-17.5 mm. wide across the lateral lobes when expanded; lateral lobes obliquely rounded-dolabriform, with the outer margins irregularly crenulate; mid-lobe short, much broader than long, above dilated into a pair of short, rounded, crenulate lobColumn strongly ules; disc bicallose at the base, thickened through the middle. and abruptly dilated in front from below the middle, rounded-retuse at the apex, about 6.8 mm. long at the back.
Huancavelica: Prov. of Tayacaja, Ampurco woods, on trail between Salcabamba and Surcubamba, 2900 meters, common epiphyte on many tree trunks, Stork & Horton 10427.
Epidendrum Tessmannii Mansf.

Berlin 10: 239. 1928.
Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Mus.
Plant epiphytic, variable, with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems fascicled, up to 55 cm. high, entirely concealed by numerous, rather close, tubular, verruculose sheaths which appear to be leaf-bearing except near the base and are scarious and
often evanescent in the lower portion of the plant. Leaves distichous, several to numerous, widely spreading, on the upper half of the stems (those below deciduous), oval to elliptic-oblong (rarely ovate-oblong or oblong), obtuse to rounded at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 12 cm. long and 3.2 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, consisting of a short arcuate raceme or a congested panicle, the peduncle more or less concealed by 1 or 2 prominent, conduplicate, imbricated, often evanescent spathes; racemes subdensely up to 19-flowered. Floral bracts ovate to lanceolate-ovate, very small. Flowers small, white to pale pink, with spreading segments. Sepals and petals tubular-revolute, rather fleshy. Dorsal sepal oblong-
oblanceolate, acute to obtuse, 11.8-15.6 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but definitely broader, strongly oblique, acute to obtuse. Petals linear-oblanceolate, subacute or obtuse, nearly as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its
apex; lamina convex, sharply 3-lobed, deeply cordate at the base, lightly retuse and more or less apiculate at the apex, 7 mm. or less long in the center, 14-15 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes obliquely suborbicular-dolabriform, usually with crenulate-irregular outer margins; mid-lobe more or less smaller than the lateral lobes, obcordate-reniform with rounded lobules; disc with 2 small complanate
at the base and 1 to 3 fleshy ridges in front. Column long, abruptly dilated above the middle in front, 9.8-13 mm. long, terminating on each side in a fleshy,
calli
transverse, subquadrate, retuse auricle.
Junin Colonia Perene, about 680 meters, in woods, Killip & Smith 25046. Colonia Perene, along Rio Perene, near "Hacienda 3," about 600 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 25173. La Merced, about 700
:
meters, in
wooded valley, Killip & Smith 23748. East of Quimiri La Merced, 800-1300 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 23942. Loreto: Puerto Mele"ndez, below Pongo de Manseriche, 155 meters, in climax forest on the banks of Rio Maranon, Tessmann
Bridge, near
4762 (type).
524
30
Epidendrum thrombodes
Reichb.
f.
Linnaea 41: 79. 1876.
Plant large and stout, with the habit of Epidendrum aromaticum Batem., but stouter. Vegetative parts not described. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, large. Flowers loose, yellow spotted with brownish purple, rather small for the alliance, with spreading or reflexed segments. Sepals cuneate-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, acute, apiculate, about 1.7 cm. long, the lateral sepals somewhat oblique. Petals similar, shortly acuminate. Lip adnate to the column at its base, a little shorter than the rest of the perianth; lamina sharply 3-lobed; lateral lobes obliquely rhombic, acute in front, rounded or subcordate at the base; mid-lobe somewhat smaller than the lateral lobes, broadly rhombic from a short cuneate claw, densely covered with verrucose or papillose veins; disc with a pair of broad, low, approximate calli (separated by a carinate line) in the middle between the lateral lobes. Column lightly dilated above and below, with a pair of apical, porrect, minute, round-triangular auricles.
Anther deeply bilobed.
Peru: Habitat not recorded; introduced by Veitch
& Company.
This diagnosis was compiled from a drawing with floral analysis from the Reichenbach Herbarium, supplemented by the original description.
Epidendrum tricarinatum
cealed
Rolfe,
Kew
Bull. (1917) 81.
Plant large, erect or lightly arcuate, up to 1 meter tall. Stems entirely conby close, tubular leaf-sheaths. Leaves subremote, distichous, oblong or elliptic-oblong ("lanceolate-oblong"), subobtuse to minutely bilobed at the apex, sessile and clasping at the base, up to 9 cm. long, 1.3-1.8 cm. wide, ascendingspreading, thickly coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal; peduncle elongate, slender, entirely concealed by close, tubular, scarious sheaths; raceme short, arcuate-nodding, several- to "many"-flowered. Floral bracts narrowly triangular-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, much shorter than the slender pedicellate ovary. Flowers rather small, bright purple with a whitish keel on the lip, the segments spreading. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic ("elliptic-oblong"), acute or subacute, about 1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, acute, apparently a little broader than the dorsal sepal.
little shorter than the sepals. Lip adnate to its apex, distinctly surpassing the rest of the perianth; lamina deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes obliquely cuneate, fimbriate at the apex, about 5.5 mm. long; mid-lobe obcordate, bilobed, about 9 mm. long, fimbriate at the apex; disc
Petals elliptic-oblanceolate, subacute, a
to the
column up
conspicuously 3-carinate with the middle (longer) keel entire and the lateral ones
denticulate.
Column up
to 6
mm.
long.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Forget
s.n.
was prepared from a photograph specimen, supplemented by the original description.
The above
diagnosis
of the type
Epidendrum
tricrure Reichb.
f.
&
Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 112. 1854.
Plant large, vegetative parts lacking in the type. Inflorescence over 27 cm. high. Peduncle over 20 cm. long (incomplete), slender, almost entirely concealed by close, elongate-tubular sheaths. Raceme erect, densely many-flowered, with
525
the rachis about 6.3 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, much shorter than the elongate, cuniculate, pedicelled ovary. Flowers small, about equaling those of E. Lindenii Lindl. = E. dichotomum Presl], lilac. Sepals subequal, "ob[
long" or oblong-lanceolate, acute, apiculate, about 1 cm. long, the lateral ones being dimidiate. Petals narrower than the sepals, minutely crenulate above. Lip adnate
column up to its apex; lamina suborbicular in outline, sharply 3-lobed, deeply cordate at the base; lateral lobes semiorbicular-dolabriform, with the rounded outer margin denticulate toward the base and lacerate above; mid-lobe transversely flato the
wide as the basal portion (across the lateral lobes), 4-lobed, with the outer margins fimbriate-lacerate; disc with a large depressed, 3-lobed callus, of which the smaller lateral lobes are prostrate on the lateral lobes of the lip and the much larger, obcordate, apiculate mid-lobe extends onto the middle part of the mid-lobe of the lip. Column slender, dilated above, with the decurrent angles of the clinandrium serrulate.
bellate, nearly as
s.n.
The above
crure
diagnosis was made with the aid of a drawing of E. triwith floral analysis from the Reichenbach Herbarium, together
with the original description.
Epidendrum triflorum Ruiz &

Chil. 1:248. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv. et
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, near Curis, Huichay,
Tarmatambo and
Camcham,
This
is
in steep places,
Pawn
s.n.
an unidentifiable
species.
Epidendrum unifoliatum
1921; Fedde Repert. Beih.
57:
t.
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 95.
122, nr. 478. 1929.
Plant epiphytic, low, about 10 cm. high, with a much abbreviated rhizome. Stems approximate, entirely concealed by 2 obtuse, evanescent sheaths, 1-leaved, about 5 cm. long. Leaf elliptic-oblong, subacute, up to 4.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide, rather fleshy, more or less spreading. Inflorescence abbreviated, about 1.2 cm.
long, subumbellate, densely 6- to 10-flowered above, with the short peduncle sub-
tended by a small obtuse spathe. Floral bracts ovate, subobtuse, much shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers rather small, somewhat fleshy, with widely spreading segments. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong ("oblong"), rather obtuse, about 1.1 cm. long. Lateral sepals apparently oblong-elliptic, oblique, apiculate, a little Petals obliquely oblong-linear ("linear-ligulate"), larger than the dorsal sepal. slightly dilated upward, obtuse, nearly equaling the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina suborbicular-quadrate in outline, sharply 3-lobed in front, cordate at the base, deeply emarginate at the apex, about 5 mm. long and 9 mm. wide; lateral lobes obliquely and very broadly dolabriform ("oblong-semiquadrate"), triangular-acute in front, with the outer margins subdenticulate; midlobe quadrate, bilobed with rounded lobules, slightly surpassing the lateral lobes; disc shortly bicallose at the base. Column stout, slightly dilated upward, about
6
mm.
long.
Loreto: Near
Moyobamba, Filomeno
s.n.
526
30
This description was drawn from the diagnosis of the type, supple-
mented by the
floral analysis cited.
Epidendrum ventricosum Lindl. Hook. Journ.

Fol. Orch.
Bot. 3: 86. 1841;
Epidendrum 44, no. 137. 1853. Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 183. 1905.
tirely concealed
Epidendrum pachygastrium
Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, fruticose (branching near the base). Stems enby tubular sheaths which are short and leafless at the base of the branches and relatively elongate and leaf-bearing above, with the sheaths up to 2.7 cm. long; branches (including the inflorescence) up to 27.7 cm. long, loosely 3to 6-leaved. Leaves distichous, oblong-linear to linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute and apiculate, clasping at the base, up to 10.3 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide (much shorter near the base), erect or ascending, thickly coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, erect to gently arcuate, loosely racemose above, few- to many-flowered, up to 11.8 cm. long including the terminal flower; peduncle about 5 cm. or less long, subtended and often concealed by an oblong, conduplicate, obtuse spathe which is 5.5 cm. or less long. Floral bracts minute. Flowers about 15 or less (sometimes as few as 3), erect, campanulate, purple. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, elliptic-ovate or elliptic-oblong, acute, about 8-13 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, dorsally carinate. Petals equally long, narrowly linear, acute to subobtuse. Lip adnate to the column and forming with it a large saccate cavity; lamina simple, ovatecordate, acute or subacute; disc with a pair of approximate, more or less long calli at the base and a median, lightly elevated line. Column rather long, retuse at
the apex.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1869 (type of E. ventricoAmazonas: Valley of the Utcubamba River, south of Chachapoyas, 3000 meters, epiphyte on branches of sclerophyllous vegetation of shrubs mingled with trees, Weberbauer 4298 (type of E. pachygasApurimac: Prov. of Abancay, Ampay, 3200-3600 meters, trium).
sum}
epiphyte, Vargas 8395.
Epidendrum vernixium
1854.
Reichb.
f.
&
Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 110.
Stem stout, sheathed. Leaves oblong-ligulate, obtuse, 3.8 cm. long, 1.3 cm. or more wide, shining above. Inflorescence about 8.3 cm. long, many-flowered, with
the peduncle much thinner than the stem. Floral bracts linear-triangular, many times shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, subfleshy. Dorsal sepal oblong, acute. Lateral sepals similar. Petals narrowly oblanceolate ("oblong-
from a linear base"), obtuse, minutely lobulate and subdenticulate. Lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes suborbicular, deeply cordate, very minutely denticulate; midlobe from a narrower base dilated above, retuse with a little tooth in the middle at
ligulate
the apex; disc with the 5 median veins and those of the lateral lobes rugulose-thickened and with a single papilla on each side near the sinus between the lobes. Column with the forward angles falcate-produced.
s.n.
This concept was considered too indefinite to be included in the key.
527
Epidendrum
Univ. 9: 13,
vesicicaule L. O.
1-3. 1940.
Wms.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
t. 3, figs.
Plant medium-sized, zome, up to 27 cm. high.
terrestrial or epiphytic,
apparently with a creeping rhi-
Stems much branched, entirely or mostly concealed by Leaves distichous, more or less remote, spreadingloose, tubular leaf-sheaths. ascending, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, more or less falcate, acute or acuminate, up to 6.8 cm. long and 1.1 cm. wide. Flowers commonly in
pairs at the tips of the branches, pale green with a whitish lip, the pedicellate ovaries clasped at the base by 1 or 2 conduplicate, foliaceous spathes. Parts of perianth
spreading.
Dorsal sepal narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, up to 1.6 cm. long and 4.2 mm. wide. Lateral sepals oblong-ovate, acute, very oblique at the base, shorter and distinctly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals falcate, oblanceolate-linear, obtuse, nearly as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column
to its apex; lamina simple, suborbicular, rounded above, cordate at the base, with somewhat irregular margins, 6.5-10 mm. long through the center and 8-14 mm. wide; disc with a pair of small, fleshy, complanate calli at the base. Column short, stout, dilated in front, about 8 mm. long at the back.
up

in highland
ters,
Agua Dulce, 2400 meters, on the ground wood, in shade, Woytkowski 35455. Utcuyacu, 1900 meon tree trunks in low forest, Woytkowski 35353. Ecuador
(type).
Epidendrum vincentinum
309,
t.
Lindl.
Hook. Journ. Bot.
3: 88,
Cogn. Urban Symb. Antill. 6: 526. 1910; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 16. 1953. Epidendrum serricar11. 1841;
dium
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
19: 218. 1923.
Plant small or rather small, lax, with an abbreviated rhizome, up to about 18 cm. high. Stem slender, more or less branched, entirely concealed by tubular, leafbearing sheaths which are evanescent on the lower portions of the plant. Leaves
more commonly elliptic-linear, acute and apiculate, sessile at the cuneate, clasping base, up to 3 cm. long and 5 mm. wide. Inflorescence a several- to many-flowered panicle (rarely a few-flowered raceme), up to about 10.5 cm.
distichous, linear or
high, with divaricate, remotely few-flowered branches. Floral bracts minute. Flowers very small, pale yellow or purplish green often tinged with red. Dorsal
sepal elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, subacute to acute, up to 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely oblong-ovate, acute, about as long as the dorsal sepal but broader. Petals narrowly linear or oblanceolate-linear, obtuse to acute, nearly
as long as the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina reniform or cordate-semiorbicular, more or less apiculate at the broadly rounded apex, with denticulate margins, about 2 mm. long in the center, up to 3.5 mm. wide; disc bicallose at the base,
with 3 more or
less
prominent
lines in front.
Column
relatively
large
and
stout, dilated
above in
front,
up
to 2.5
mm.
long at the back.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, San Pedro and Sta. Isabel, 1400

meters, on a stony tract, Vargas 006793. West Indies (type of E. vincentinum) and Costa Rica (type of E. serricardium)
.
528
30
Epidendrum viride Ruiz &

244. 1798.
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv. et Chil.
Huanuco: Near Pozuzo,
in
open woods on
trees,
Pav6n
s.n.
This species has not been identified.
Epidendrum volubile Ruiz & Pav.

1:247. 1798.
Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, near Acobamba, in steep places,
Pawn s.n.
This
is
an obscure
species.
Epidendrum Weberbauerianum
1905.
Plant large, robust, up to 1 meter high. Stems caespitose, entirely concealed tubular sheaths which are leafless and sometimes evanescent below and leaf-bearing in the upper portion of the plant. Leaves distichous, spreading, 7 or more, oval to elliptic-oblong, obtuse to rounded at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 7.7 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, erect, racemose above; peduncle about 27.7 cm. long, almost entirely concealed by close, elongate-tubular, scarious sheaths; raceme subdensely many-flowered, with the rachis nearly 11 cm. long. Floral bracts narrowly lanceolate-triangular, long-acuminate, many times shorter than the slender, elongate-clavate pedicellate ovary. Flowers rather large for the alliance, lilac-rose, with membranaceous, spreading sepals and petals. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate-elliptic, acute, about 2 cm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, acute, slightly longer and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals very similar to the dorsal sepal and about as long, lightly oblique. Lip adnate to
by
close,
the column up to its apex, about as long as the sepals; lamina distinctly 3-lobed, cordate at the base, about 8 mm. or less long in the middle and 6-7 mm. wide near
the base when expanded; lateral lobes rounded, deeply dentate; mid-lobe porrect, obovate-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, rhombic-dilated near the apex, acute, deeply dentate above; disc traversed by 4 large, fleshy ridges which are confluent above,
the central pair being
much
the longest.
Column with a
denticulate clinandrium.
Huanuco: Prov. of Huamalies, mountains southwest of Monzon, 1600-1800 meters, in woods consisting of trees and shrubs, Weberbauer 3571.
This diagnosis was compiled from an excellent photograph of the type, supplemented by the description.
Epidendrum xanthinum
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 18, no. 11.
1844; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 73, no. 229. 1853; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 130. 1898; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 124, t. 7586. 1898. Epi-
dendrum
1840.
ellipticum Grah. var. flavum Lindl.
Ann. Nat. Hist.
4: 382.

more
529
Plant large, stout, terrestrial, with an abbreviated rhizome, up to 90 cm. or tall. Stems caespitose, entirely concealed by close, tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing except near the base. Leaves distichous, spreading, oval to oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse or retuse at the apex, clasping at the base, up to 12 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, fleshy-coriaceous, several to numerous. Inflorescence terminal, elongate, floriferous above, up to 75 cm. long, entirely or mostly concealed by close, tubular-elongate, scarious sheaths; flower cluster a short, densely many-flowered, simple or rarely branched raceme. Floral bracts narrowly triangular-lanceolate, long-acuminate, much shorter than the slender, elongate pedicellate ovary. Flowers numerous, small, golden yellow (rarely orange), membranaceous, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, acute, up to 12 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but slightly larger, somewhat oblique. Petals variable, oblanceolate-oblong to obovate-oblong, abruptly acute or obtuse, often with irregular apical margins, commonly similar to the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, subequaling the sepals or somewhat longer; lamina sharply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, suborbicular in outline; lateral lobes obliquely dolabriform, with the outer margins irregularly dentate to lacerate; mid-lobe subequally large or larger, broadly cuneate-flabellate from a cuneate or subquadrate base, more or less bilobed, sharply dentate to lacerate in front; disc at the base with a prominent
front,
ovate-subquadrate, lobulate-plicate, mucronate callus. up to 8 mm. long; clinandrium denticulate.
Column
dilated above in
Cuzco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 153. 1921. San Martin: Near Tingo Maria, 625-1100 meters, Allard 21685. Brazil (type of E. xanthinum and E. ellipticum var. flavum), and perhaps Venezuela and Colombia.
Epidendrum xylostachyum
no. 19. 1845; Fol. Orch.
Epidendrum
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 31, Misc. 70, 77, no. 241. 1853.
Plant robust. Stem stout, simple, exceeding 22 cm. in length, entirely enveloped by close, tubular, scabrous sheaths. Leaves distichous, spreading, several to numerous, elliptic-oblong (rarely oval or oblong), obtuse to subacute and mucronulate, clasping at the base, coriaceous, up to 17.3 cm. long and 4.1 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, several- to many-flowered nearly to the base, loosely flowered in the course of development, shorter than the leaves (but apparently a little
longer than the uppermost blade), up to 20 cm. long, suberect to gently arcuate, with the rachis more or less flexuous. Floral bracts prominent, ovate, cucullate,
Flowers fleshy, rather small, greenish white, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong ("oblong"), concave, acute, about 1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals very similar, oblique. Petals narrowly elliptic-oblong, apparently shorter and narrower than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column up to the apex; lamina simple, cordate-ovate or triangular-cordate, strongly concave, obtuse, about 1 cm. long in the middle. Column short, stout, with an entire clinandrium.
acute.
Junin, ex Kranzl. fide Schlechter, 1921. Colombia (type) and Ecuador.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 153.
This description was prepared chiefly by means of a photograph from the Lindley Herbarium bearing the type collection (Linden 1280, from Colombia), which appears to have an immature inflorescence,
530
30
as well as from parts of another collection (Peru[= Ecuador], Jameson],
which shows a larger

description
leaf
and a longer mature
inflorescence.
The type
was
also consulted.
Epidendrum xytriophorum
1854.
Reichb.
f.
& Warsc.
Bonpl. 2: 112.
This concept was described only from the summit of a flowering stem includPeduncle mostly concealed by elongate-tubular sheaths. Raceme densely many-flowered, with the arcuate rachis about 10 cm. long. Floral bracts triangular with a subulate apex, many times shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Perianth membranaceous in the dried state. Sepals elliptic-lanceolate, acute, about 1.2 cm. long, spreading. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed, suborbicular in outline, about 6 mm. long in the center and 10 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes dolabriform-suborbicular or "quadrate," with the somewhat broader and rounded outer margin lacerate-dentate (more deeply above) mid-lobe transverse, broadly flabellate, retuse or lightly bilobed in front with the lobules incised-dentate, almost as broad as the basal portion; disc with an ovate-oblong, lobulate callus (terminated by a central keel) between the lateral lobes, projecting onto the base of the mid-lobe. Column about 5 mm. long, with denticulate lateral wings of the clinandrium.
ing the inflorescence.
;
Peru:
No
habitat designated, Warscewicz
s.n.
This concept appears to be referable to some other species, perhaps to E. xanthinum Lindl. or to E. incisum Reichb. f. & Warsc. It was described chiefly from a drawing of this species, from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Barb. Rodr. Vellosia 1, ed. 2: 123. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 74, t. 22, fig. 1. 1898. Epi1891; Cogn. dendrum laxum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 2. 1837-38; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 57, no. 176. 1853, not Epidendrum laxum Sw.
Epidendrum yatapuense
(1788).
Epidendrum macrothyrsis Lehm.
&
Kranzl., Engler Bot.
Jahrb. 26: 472. 1899.

Plant epiphytic, lax, extremely variable, small to large, with an elongate, branched rhizome producing scattered short stems. Stems terete below, more or less complanate above, up to 17 (rarely 20) cm. long, entirely or mostly concealed by commonly imbricating sheaths which are close, tubular and evanescent in the lower part and looser, infundibuliform and leaf -bearing above. Leaves 2-4, distichous, more or less approximate on the upper portion of the stem, very variable
in form, elliptic or oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate
(sometimes acuminate with a deciduous apical mucro, narrowed to a deeply clasping base, up to 13 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, more or less coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, elongate, lax or nodding above, very loosely paniculate, up to 90 cm. long; peduncle complanate, narrowly bialate, 1- to several-sheathed below; panicle with short, remote, distichous, few-flowered branches which are sometimes compound. Flowers small, variable in size, greenish or greenish yellow, often
linear-lanceolate), acute or

tinged with
531
brown or red, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic (rarely elliptic or linear-lanceolate), acute and mucronate, up to 10 mm. long.
Lateral sepals commonly slightly longer and more or less broader, obliquely oblonglanceolate (rarely linear-lanceolate or ovate lanceolate), narrowed above with an
little
acute and mucronate apex. Petals linear, often slightly broader above, acute, a shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column up to its apex, about as long as the sepals or longer; lamina sharply 3-lobed near the middle, cordate at the base, lateral lobes erect and embracing the column in natural position and the mid-lobe lightly recurved, about 9 mm. or less long in the middle; lateral lobes ali-
form-semiovate, acute or obtuse; mid-lobe porrect, very fleshy, subterete or lineartriangular to triangular, acute or subacute. Column abbreviated, dilated above in front, terminating on each side in an oblique, retuse auricle, about 2 mm. or less long at the back.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Jaen, valley of Rio Tabaconas, 900-950 meters, Weberbauer 6154. Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), on eastern Loreto: subandine slope, in woods, Poeppig s.n. (type of E. laxum) Rio Mazan, 100-125 meters, on river bank, Schunke Gamitanacocha, 124- Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Klug 10065 (form with small flowers and less acuminate lateral sepals). San Martin Tingo Maria, 625-1100 meters, Attard 22594- Zepelacio near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, epiphyte in mountain forest, Klug 3571. Also Brazil (type of E. yatapuense) Ecuador (type of E. macrothyrsis) British Guiana and Trinidad.
:
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA

Fieldiana Botany, V30 - 2 Orchids of Peru

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Fieldiana Botany, V30 - 2 Orchids of Peru

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Photograph by Louis O. Williams

MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-10546

,/FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 30, NUMBER 2

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Vargosiella peruviana C. Schweinf. 1 3, dorsal sepal; X 2. 4, petal;

Ames Orchid Herbarium

FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 30, NUMBER 2

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-105^6

Pleurothallis remotiflora Pleurothallis graciliscapa Pleurothallis hirsutissima Pleurothallis inaequisepala, P. tenuis

54. 55. 56.

60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.

Octomeria complanata Octomeria semiconnata

Epidendrum aquaticoides Epidendrum birostratum Epidendrum breviracemum Epidendrum capitellatum

78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.

436 438 462 465

84. 85. 86. 87.

Epidendrum elatum Epidendrum laceratum

Epidendrum Macbridei, E. liguliferum

Epidendrum pygmaeum Epidendrum rectopedunculatum Epidendrum Epidendrum

97. 98. 99.

Epidendrum rigidum Epidendrum Schlechterianum Epidendrum Epidendrum

517 518 520 522

R. Br. (Humboldtia Ruiz and Pav. in part)

than the sepals, longer than broad.

Lip about equaling the petals or smaller, winged above,

obtuse to acute; sepals acute to subacute;

simple Dorsal sepal not linear, acute or short-acuminate

Petals acute, acuminate or caudate; pedicels bracts

surpassing the minute

FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME

Ovary densely long-hirsute or densely muricate Ovary glabrous or short-pubescent

and sharply narrowed

Lip not pandurate

wide; petals P. misera

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU

Rachis of the inflorescence elongate; inflorescences racemose; rhombic

long; petals linear or linearP. attenuata

less long; petals

Petals oblong-oblanceolate; lip oblong, about the

same width throughout.

Petals elliptic-lanceolate; lip ovate-oblong, widest near the base.

of the petals entire of the petals denticulate to

narrower than the lamina of the united lateral 32

Flowers large; sepals 9

mm. or more long mm. or less long

FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME

monly small Rhizome creeping, prominent Rhizome abbreviated, plant caespitose

Sepals glabrous; lip obtuse to abruptly acute or apiculate; flowers com37

38 Leaves rounded to shallowly cordate at the base, relatively narrow,

deeply cordate at the base, broadly ovate or lanceo41

Leaf not oval, varying from oblong or

Lip triapiculate at the more or

broadened apical part. P. Talpinaria (P. trimeroglossa)

Outer surface Outer surface

of the sepals densely short-pubescent

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU

Mid-lobe of the Mid-lobe of the

Flowers distinctly pedicelled

longer than the subtending leaf, erect

Inflorescence shorter than the leaf, or,

Petals and lip