Photinia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Photinia fraser

Description
Photinias typically grow from 315 m tall, with a usually irregular crown of angular
branches; the branches are often (not always) thorny. The leaves are alternate, entire
or finely toothed, varying between species from 315 cm in length and 1.55 cm
wide; the majority of species are evergreen but several are deciduous. The flowers are
produced in early summer in dense terminal corymbs; each flower is 510 mm
diameter, with five rounded white petals; they have a mild, hawthorn-like scent. The
fruit is a small pome, 412 mm across, bright red and berry-like, produced large
quantities, maturing in the fall and often persisting well into the winter. The fruit are
consumed by birds, including thrushes, waxwings and starlings; the seeds are
dispersed in their droppings. Photinia species are sometimes used as food plants by
the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Common Emerald, Feathered Thorn
and Setaceous Hebrew Character.

Taxonomy
Some botanists also include the closely related North American species Heteromeles
arbutifolia in Photinia as Photinia arbutifolia. The genus Stranvaesia is so similar
in morphology to Photinia that its species have sometimes been included within it,[4][5]
but recent molecular data[6] indicate that the two genera are not related. The genus
Aronia has been included in Photinia in some classifications,[7] but recent molecular
data confirm that these genera are not closely related.[6] Other close relatives include
the firethorns (Pyracantha), cotoneasters (Cotoneaster) and hawthorns (Crataegus).

Species

Photinia anlungensis
Photinia arguta (syn. Pourthiaea arguta)
Photinia beauverdiana (syn. Pourthiaea beauverdiana)
Photinia beckii
Photinia benthamiana (syn. Pourthiaea benthamiana)
Photinia berberidifolia
Photinia bergerae
Photinia blinii
Photinia bodinieri
Photinia calleryana (syn. Pourthiaea calleryana)
Photinia callosa
Photinia chihsiniana
Photinia chingiana
Photinia chingshuiensis (syn. Pourthiaea chingshuiensis)
Photinia crassifolia
Photinia fokienensis
Photinia glabra - Japanese Photinia
Photinia glomerata
Photinia hirsuta
Photinia impressivena
Photinia integrifolia
Photinia komarovii
Photinia kwangsiensis
Photinia lanuginosa
Photinia lasiogyna
Photinia lasiopetala
Photinia lochengensis
Photinia loriformis
Photinia lucida (syn. Pourthiaea lucida)
Photinia megaphylla
Photinia niitakayamensis
Photinia obliqua
Photinia parvifolia (syn. Pourthiaea parvifolia)
Photinia pilosicalyx
Photinia podocarpifolia
Photinia prionophylla
Photinia prunifolia
Photinia raupingensis
Photinia schneideriana
Photinia serratifolia (syn. Photinia serrulata)
Photinia stenophylla
Photinia tsaii
Photinia tushanensis
Photinia villosa (syn. Pourthiaea villosa)
Photinia zhejiangensis

A number of species have been moved to the separate genus Stranvaesia including P.
amphidoxa, P. davidiana, P. nussia, and P. tomentosa.
2

Flower of an ornamental shrub cultivar

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order:
Rosales
Family:
Rosaceae
Subfamily: Amygdaloideae[1]
Tribe:
Maleae
Subtribe: Malinae
Genus:
Photinia

Uses
Photinias are very popular ornamental shrubs, grown for their fruit and foliage.
Numerous hybrids and cultivars are available; several of the cultivars are selected for
their strikingly bright red young leaves in spring and summer. The most widely
planted are:

Photinia fraseri (P. glabra P. serratifolia) - Red Tip Photinia

Photinia fraseri 'Red Robin' - probably the most widely planted of

all, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden
Merit[8]
Photinia fraseri 'Little Red Robin', a plant similar to 'Red Robin', but
dwarf in stature with an ultimate height/spread of around 23 ft
Photinia fraseri 'Camilvy'
Photinia fraseri 'Curly Fantasy'
Photinia fraseri 'Super Hedger' - a newer hybrid with strong upright
growth
Photinia fraseri 'Pink Marble' also known as 'Cassini', a new cultivar
with rose-pink tinted new growth and a creamy-white variegated
margin on the leaves

Photinia 'Redstart' (Stranvaesia davidiana P. fraseri)

Photinia 'Palette' (parentage unknown)

Photinia davidiana 'Fructu Luteo' (fruit yellow)
Photinia davidiana 'Prostrata' (a low-growing form)

Toxicity
Some varieties of Photinia are toxic due to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides in
the vacuoles of foliage and fruit cells.[9] When the leaves are chewed these
compounds are released and are rapidly converted to hydrogen cyanide (HCN) which
blocks cellular respiration. The amount of HCN produced varies considerably
between taxa, and is in general greatest in young leaves.[10] Ruminants are particularly
affected by cyanogenic glycosides because the first stage of their digestive system
(the rumen) provides better conditions for liberating HCN than the stomachs of
monogastric vertebrates.[11]

References
1.

^ Potter, D., et al. (2007). Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae.

Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(12): 543. [Referring to the subfamily
by the name "Spiraeoideae"]
2.
^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606607
3.
^ James B. Phipps. 1992. "Heteromeles and Photinia (Rosaceae
subfam. Maloideae) of Mexico and Central America". Canadian Journal of
Botany (Revue canadienne de botanique) 70(11):2138-2162.
4.
^ Vidal J. E. (1965). Notes sur quelques Rosaces Asiatique (II)
(Photinia, Stranvaesia). Adansonia 5: 221237
5.
^ Kalkman C. (1973). The Malesian species of the subfamily
Maloideae (Rosaceae). Blumea 21: 413442
6.
^ a b Campbell, C.S.; Evans, R.C.; Morgan, D.R.; Dickinson, T.A.;
Arsenault, M.P. (2007). Phylogeny of subtribe Pyrinae (formerly the
Maloideae, Rosaceae): Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history.
Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(12): 119145.
7.
^ Robertson, K.R.; Phipps, J.B.; Rohrer, J.R.; Smith, P.G. (1991). A
synopsis of genera in Maloideae (Rosaceae). Systematic Botany. 16(2): 376
394.
8.
^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1442
9.
^ "Table 4: Poisonous Range Plants of Temperate North America".
Merck Veterinary Manual. Retrieved 2011-05-05.
10.
^ K. A. Jacobs, F. S. Santamour, Jr., G. R. Johnson, M. A. Dirrs
(September 1996). "Differential Resistance to Entomosporium Leafspot
Disease and Hydrogen Cyanide Potential in Photinia" (PDF). J. Environ. Hort.
14 (3): 154157.
11.
^ Lester R. Vough, E. Kim Cassel (2004, 2006). "Prussic Acid
Poisoning of Livestock: Causes and Prevention (ExEx 4016)" (PDF). South
Dakota State University. Retrieved 2011-05-04.

External links

Flora of China: Photinia

Flora of China: Stranvaesia

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