A List of Free-Living Dinoflagellate Species in The World's Oceans

Acta Bot. Croat.
64 (1), 129–212, 2005 CODEN: ABCRA 25

ISSN 0365–0588
A list of free-living dinoflagellate species

in the world’s oceans
FERNANDO GÓMEZ*
Station Marine de Wimereaux, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, CNRS
UMR 8013 ELICO, 28 avenue Foch, BP 80, F-62930 Wimereaux, France
A checklist of free-living marine dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) is given. The nomencla-

ture is brought up to date and synonyms are included. The spelling of several taxa is cor-
rected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). A total of
1555 species (117 genera) constitute the free-living marine dinoflagellates, with 135 new
species in the period 1993 to 2003. The most numerous genera are: Protoperidinium (264
species), Gymnodinium (173 species), Dinophysis+Phalacroma (104+41 species), Gyro-
dinium (87 species), Amphidinium (76 species), Histioneis (65 species), Ceratium (64
species) and Gonyaulax (60 species).
Key words: Phytoplankton, checklist, Dinophyta, dinoflagellates, algae, nomenclature,
taxonomy.
Introduction
Dinoflagellates constitute one of the main groups of marine protists. SCHILLER (1931–
1937) provided a description of all the species, both marine and freshwater, known at that
time. Later SOURNIA (1973, 1978, 1982, 1990, 1993) listed the new taxonomic entries pub-
lished after SCHILLER (1931–1937). SOURNIA (1986) gave descriptions and illustrations of
the marine genera of dinoflagellates, excluding information at the species level. After
SCHILLER (1931–1937) no compilation of free-living marine dinoflagellates was made
available. This study provides for the first time a checklist and evaluates the species rich-
ness of dinoflagellates in the world oceans.
Material and methods

This study is based on literature records of free-living dinoflagellates. The primary
sources are SCHILLER (1931–1937) and SOURNIA (1973, 1978, 1982, 1990, 1993). Refer-
ences to new species and combinations published between 1993 and 2003 are provided in
brackets in table 1. Species with their nomenclatural authorities and the date of the descrip-
tion are arranged alphabetically within the genus. Genera are ordered alphabetically within
* Corresponding e-mail address: fernando.gomez@fitoplancton.com
ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005 129

GÓMEZ F.
each family. SOURNIA (1973, 1978, 1982, 1990, 1993) reported lists of dinoflagellates in al-
phabetic order, with no classification. The present list does not pretend to propose any clas-
sification, but it is superior to a mere alphabetical list. The classification of the dinofla-
gellates is being continuously subjected to changes according to new findings, especially
with the application of recent molecular techniques. This study follows the most common
classification from the literature and is updated according to recent knowledge, but any
classification is unavoidably associated with discrepancies among authors.
SOURNIA (1973, 1978, 1982, 1990, 1993) in his successive checklists of marine species
did not report synonyms or doubtful species, except for the new combinations proposed.
Sournia et al. (1991) reported 1424–1772 species (115–131 genera) of extant free-living
marine dinoflagellates. The higher number included little known or doubtful species. The
lower number according to SOURNIA et al. (1991) is »that of the taxa which look presently
reliable and have a practical value to the taxonomist in charge of identifying a species«.
However no list of reliable or doubtful species was reported. In this study, only taxa of very
doubtful validity are marked with an asterisk (*) and not considered for species counting.
However the number of taxa that should be considered doubtful is higher. Many taxa have
not been reported in the last 80 years and the original descriptions are insufficient or inade-
quate. For example, when species of the genus Dinophysis are temporally maintained in
cultures, several species turn out to be morphotypes in the life cycle of one taxon (e.g.,
REGUERA and GONZÁLEZ-GIL 2001). Thus, probably if the life cycles of species of genera
such as Histioneis or Amphisolenia are investigated, the species number of these genera
will be drastically reduced. On the other hand, many taxa such as gymnodiniacens remain
un-described because they are considered to be co-specific and misidentified with known
species. Taxa reported only from the identification of cysts have been excluded except
when live cells have germinated from cysts.
Another difficulty is the separation of marine and freshwater species. Some freshwater
species can tolerate marine conditions and in other cases the marine records are misidentifi-
cations. SOURNIA et al. (1991) reported that 240 species constitute continental dino-
flagellates. The revisions by Sournia entitled »catalogue of marine dinoflagellates« in-
cluded some freshwater species [for example Prorocentrum playfairii, SOURNIA (1990)].
GÓMEZ and BOICENCO (2004) provided a list of freshwater dinoflagellates found in the
brackish waters of the Black Sea.
Results and discussion

The spelling of several taxa has been modified according to the International Code of Bo-
tanical Nomenclature (GREUTER et al. 2000). Although typographical and orthographical er-
rors may be corrected, no change has been applied under the retention of original spelling
provision of Article 60.1. For the species Gambierdiscus belizeanus Faust, Ostreopsis
caribbeana Faust, Plagiodinium belizeanum Faust et Balech, Prorocentrum belizeanum
Faust, Protoperidinium belizeanum Faust and Prorocentrum caribbaeum Faust and the or-
thographically correct epithets are »belizianum« and »caribaeum« respectively. The epithet
»arabicum« is orthographically correct for Prorocentrum arabianum Morton et Faust.
For epithets commemorating persons, substantive epithets are more commonly applied
than adjectival epithets. These cases are Prorocentrum hoffmannianum Faust instead of
130 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES
»hoffmannii«; Prorocentrum norrisianum Faust instead of »norrisii« and Prorocentrum

ruetzlerianum Faust instead of »ruetzleri«. No change was applied according to Article
60.1. (GREUTER et al. 2000).
Only a few epithets with the wrong gender termination (Art. 32.5) were modified to ac-
cord with Article 23.5.: Prorocentrum panamense Grzebyk, Sako et Berland [published as
»panamensis«], Prorocentrum tropicale Faust [published as »tropicalis«], Ostreopsis beli-
zeana Faust [published as »belizeanum«], Ostreopsis caribbeana Faust [published as
»caribbeanus«] and Ostreopsis marina Faust [published as »marinus«], and the freshwater
species Peridinium belizense Carty et Wujek [published as »belizensis«]. The genus
Takayama de Salas, Bolch, Botes et Hallegraeff is named after Dr. Haruyoshi Takayama
(male). In these cases is usual to add a Latin termination (i.e. Takayamaea). The epithet of
the species Akashiwo sanguinea (Hirasaka) G.Hansen et Moestrup showed a feminine end-
ing. The use of “Akashio” instead of “Akashiwo” is recommendable. No change is applied.
The epithet of Gambierdiscus australis Chinain et Faust is not a case of wrong gender
termination. In the epithet that refers its geographical locality, Australes Islands (no Austral
region), is lacking a suffix. It can be formed by adding Latin adjectival suffixes to the
place-name such as –anus »australesanus« or –ensis »australesensis«. In addition, it is re-
ported that the genus Gaarderia Carbonell-Moore is pre-ocupied by the extant cocco-
lithophorid Gaarderia (Lecal) Kleijne.
Free-living marine dinoflagellates (excluding Phytodiniales Christensen ex Loeblich
III) were represented by 1555 species (117 genera) (Tab. 1). The most numerous genera
are: Protoperidinium (264 species), Gymnodinium (173 species), Dinophysis+Phalacroma
(104+41 species), Gyrodinium (87 species), Amphidinium (76 species), Histioneis (65 spe-
cies), Ceratium (64 species) and Gonyaulax (60 species). In the last decade, since the last
revision by SOURNIA (1993), 135 new species (no combinations) have been described (ex-
cluding several new extant species, known only from the fossil record). The new entries
mainly belong to the genera Gymnodinium (+Karenia) (19+6 species), Prorocentrum (19
species), Lissodinium (17 species), Amphidiniopsis (8 species), Gyrodinium (+Takayama)
(8+5 species) and Heterocapsa (6 species). The genera Akashiwo, Amphidiniella, By-
smatrum, Gaarderia, Heterobractum, Karenia, Karlodinium, Lessardia, Mysticella, Pla-
giodinium, Polarella and Takayama have been erected in the period 1993 to 2003.
Acknowledgements
I acknowledge the financial support of the European Commission (ICB2-CT-2001-
-80002). This is a contribution to the French IFB »Biodiversité et Changement Global«
programme.
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138 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005
Tab. 1. List of free-living marine dinoflagellates. Species names following the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN; GREUTER et al.
2000). References of the new species and combinations published between 1993 and 2003 are provided. * – Taxa of doubtful validity
DINOPHYCEAE G.S. West et Fritsch 1927
Actiniscales Sournia 1984

Actiniscaceae Kützing 1844
1 Achradina Lohmann 1902
1 Achradina pulchra Lohmann 1902 (=A. pulchra f. angusta (Lohmann) Nival 1969, f. reticulata (Lohmann) Nival 1969,
f. angusta (Lohmann) Nival 1969)
2 Actiniscus Ehrenberg 1843
2 Actiniscus pentasterias (Ehrenberg 1840) Ehrenberg 1854 (=Dictyocha pentasterias Ehrenberg 1840, Gymnaster striatum Meunier 1910,
G. helix Meunier 1910, G. pentasterias Schütt 1895)
3 Amphilothus Schütt 1895
3 Amphilothus elegans (Schütt 1895) Kofoid 1907

4 Amphilothus quincuncialis Kofoid 1907
4 Dicroerisma F.J.R. Taylor et Cattell 1969
5 Dicroerisma psilonereiella F.J.R. Taylor et Cattell 1969
Brachidiniales Loeblich III ex Sournia 1984
Brachidiniaceae Sournia 1972 [the criteria for the differentiation of species require further research,
related to Gymnodiniales Lemmermann]
5 Asterodinium Sournia 1972
6 Asterodinium gracile Sournia 1972
7 Asterodinium libanum Abboud-Abi Saab 1989 [probably a morphotype of the type species]
8 Asterodinium spinosum Sournia 1972 [probably a morphotype of the type species]
6 Brachidinium F.J.R. Taylor 1963 [usually as Brachydinium, see Gómez (2003)]
9 Brachidinium brevipes Sournia 1972 [probably a morphotype of the type species]
10 Brachidinium capitatum F.J.R. Taylor 1963
*Brachidinium catenatum F.J.R. Taylor 1967
Brachidinium taylorii Sournia 1972 [probably a morphotype of the type species]
139
11
140
GÓMEZ F.
Tab. 1. – continued
Dinophysiales Lindemann 1928

Citharistaceae Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
7 Citharistes Stein 1883
12 Citharistes apsteinii Schütt 1895
13 Citharistes regius Stein 1883
Dinophysaceae Stein 1883
8 Amphisolenia Stein 1883 (32 species)
14 Amphisolenia astragalus Kofoid et Michener 1911
15 Amphisolenia asymmetrica Kofoid 1907
16 Amphisolenia bidentata Schröder 1900 (non A. bidentata Pavillard 1916, non A. bidentata Okamura 1907)
17 Amphisolenia bifurcata Murray et Whitting 1899 (=A. thrinax Zacharias 1906, A. projecta Kofoid 1907)
18 Amphisolenia biprojecta Saifullah et Hassan 1973
19 Amphisolenia bispinosa Kofoid 1907
20 Amphisolenia brevicauda Kofoid 1907
21 Amphisolenia clavipes Kofoid 1907
22 Amphisolenia complanata Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
23 Amphisolenia curvata Kofoid 1907
*Amphisolenia elegans Böhm 1933
24 Amphisolenia elongata Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
25 Amphisolenia extensa Kofoid 1907

26 Amphisolenia globifera Stein 1883 (=A. globosa Gran 1912, A. tenella Gran 1912)
27 Amphisolenia inflata Murray et Whitting 1899
28 Amphisolenia laticincta Kofoid 1907
29 Amphisolenia lemmermannii Kofoid 1907
30 Amphisolenia microcephalus Abé 1967
31 Amphisolenia mozambica Sournia 1967 (=?A. sigma Halim 1965)
32 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides Kofoid 1907
33 Amphisolenia palmata Stein 1883 (=A. bidentata Pavillard 1916 partim)
34 Amphisolenia quadricauda Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=A. quinquecauda Kofoid 1907)

35 Amphisolenia quadrispina Kofoid 1907
37 Amphisolenia rectangulata Kofoid 1907
38 Amphisolenia schauinslandii Lemmermann 1899
39 Amphisolenia schroederi Kofoid 1907
40 Amphisolenia sigma Halim 1965 (=?A. spinulosa Kofoid 1907,?A. mozambica Sournia 1967)
41 Amphisolenia spinulosa Kofoid 1907
42 Amphisolenia taylorii Saifullah et Hassan 1973
43 Amphisolenia testa Balech 1962
44 Amphisolenia thrinax Schütt 1893 (non A. thrinax Zacharias 1906)
45 Amphisolenia truncata Kofoid et Michener 1911
9 Dinofurcula Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=Phalacroma Stein 1883 partim)
46 Dinofurcula ultima (Kofoid 1906) Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928

47 Dinofurcula ventralis Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
10 Dinophysis Ehrenberg 1839 (=Phalacroma Stein 1883 partim) (104 species) [see Phalacroma]
48 Dinophysis acuminata Claparède et Lachmann 1859 (=D. ovum var. baltica Paulsen 1908, D. arctica sensu Woloszyn bska 1928,
D. baltica (Paulsen) Woloszyn bska 1928, D. baltica (Paulsen) Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928, D. cassubica Woloszynbska 1928,
D. levanderi Woloszyn bska 1928, D. paulsenii Woloszyn bska 1928, D. boehmii Paulsen 1949 ex Balech 1971, D. borealis Paulsen 1949,
D. lachmannii Paulsen 1949)
49 Dinophysis acuta Ehrenberg 1839 (=D. dens Pavillard 1915, D. groenlandica (Schiller 1933) Balech 1967)
50 Dinophysis acutissima Gaarder 1954
51 Dinophysis alata Jørgensen 1923 (=?D. alata Böhm 1931, non D. alata (Wood 1954) Balech 1967)
52 Dinophysis amandula (Balech 1967) Sournia 1973 (=D. amygdala Balech 1967, Ph. ovum Schütt 1895,
non D. amygdalus Paulsen 1949, non D. ovum Schütt 1895)
53 Dinophysis amphora Balech 1971
54 Dinophysis anabilis Abé 1967
55 Dinophysis apiculata Meunier 1910
56 Dinophysis arctica Mereschkowsky 1879 (=D. laevis (Bergh 1881) Pouchet 1883, D. rotundata Levander 1894, D. granulata Cleve 1899,
141
non D. laevis Bergh, non D. rotundata Claparède et Lachmann 1859, non D. arctica sensu Woloszyn bska 1928,?D. vertex Meunier 1910)
142
GÓMEZ F.
57 Dinophysis balechii Norris et Berner 1970
58 Dinophysis bibulbus Balech 1971
*Dinophysis biceras Schiller 1928 (=Dinoceras biceras Schiller 1933)
59 Dinophysis braarudii (Nordli 1951) Balech 1967 (=Ph. braarudii Nordli)
60 Dinophysis brevisulcus Tai et Skogsberg 1934
61 Dinophysis capitulata Balech 1967
62 Dinophysis carpentariae Wood 1963
63 Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent 1881 (=D. homunculus Stein 1883; related to D. tripos Gourret 1883)
*Dinophysis collaris Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
64 Dinophysis cornuta (Peters 1928) Balech 1967 (=Ph. cornutum Peters)
*Dinophysis crassior Paulsen 1949 (=D. norvegica var. crassior Paulsen 1907, small cell of D. norvegica Claparède et Lachmann)
65 Dinophysis curvata Schiller 1933 (=D. sphaerica Stein 1883 partim, non D. diegensis var. curvata Kofoid 1907)
66 Dinophysis cyrtoptera Balech 1978
*Dinophysis dens Pavillard 1915 (small cell of D. acuta Ehrenberg)
67 Dinophysis dentata Schiller 1928
*Dinophysis diegensis Kofoid 1907 (small cell of D. caudata Saville-Kent 1881)
*Dinophysis diegensis var. curvata Kofoid 1907 (small cell of D. tripos Gourret)
68 Dinophysis dolychopterygium (Murray et Whitting 1899) Balech 1967
69 Dinophysis doryphorum (Stein 1883) Abé vel Balech 1967 (=D. doryphorides (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1967)
70 Dinophysis dubia Balech 1978

71 Dinophysis ellipsoides Kofoid 1907 [related to D. acuminata]
72 Dinophysis equalantii Balech 1971
73 Dinophysis exigua Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
74 Dinophysis fortii Pavillard 1923 (=D. laevis Pouchet 1883, D. ovum Schütt sensu Martin 1929, D. lapidistrigiliformis Abé 1967,
D. intermedia Pavillard 1916, non D. intermedia Cleve 1900)
75 Dinophysis fortunata Sournia 1973 (=Ph. longialatum Gaarder 1954, Heteroschisma longialata (Gaarder) Balech 1967,
non D. longialata Gran et Braarud 1935)
76 Dinophysis gaarderae Sournia 1973 (=Ph. robustum Gaarder 1954, non D. robusta Gran et Braarud 1935)
77 Dinophysis granii Paulsen 1949
78 Dinophysis hasleae Balech 1973
79 Dinophysis hastata Stein 1883 (=D. uracantha (Stein) E.S. Silva 1956)
80 Dinophysis hyalina Wood 1963
81 Dinophysis intermedia Cleve 1900 (non D. intermedia Pavillard 1916)
82 Dinophysis irregularis (Lebour 1925) Balech 1967 (=Ph. irregulare Lebour)
*Dinophysis islandica Paulsen 1949
*Dinophysis joergersenii Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=D. triacantha Jørgensen 1923 partim)
83 Dinophysis lacrima (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1967 (=?D. elongatum (Jørgensen 1923) Abé vel Balech 1967)
84 Dinophysis laevis Claparède et Lachmann 1859 (non D. laevis Bergh 1881, non D. laevis Pouchet 1883)
*Dinophysis lapidistrigiliformis Abé 1967 (small cell of D. fortii Pavillard 1923)
85 Dinophysis lata (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1967 (=Ph. latum Gaarder, non D. lata Balech 1971=D. sourniai Balech 1978)
86 Dinophysis laticincta Balech 1979
*Dinophysis longialata Gran et Braarud 1935

87 Dinophysis meteorii Böhm 1933
88 Dinophysis minuta (Cleve 1900) Balech 1967 (=D. elongata (Jørgensen 1923) Abé vel Balech 1967)
89 Dinophysis meunieri Schiller 1928 (=D. cuneiformis Meunier 1910, non D. cuneiformis Mangin 1922)
90 Dinophysis micheneri Sournia 1973 (=Ph. limbatum Kofoid et Michener 1911)
91 Dinophysis micropleura Balech 1971
92 Dinophysis micropterygia P. Dangeard 1927
93 Dinophysis microstrigiliformis Abé 1967
94 Dinophysis miles Cleve 1900 (=Heteroceras schroeteri Forti 1901)
95 Dinophysis mitroides Sournia 1973 (=Ph. okamurai Pavillard 1931, non D. okamurai Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928)
96 Dinophysis modesta (Böhm 1936) Balech 1967 (=Ph. modestum Böhm)
97 Dinophysis monacantha Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (non Ph. monacanthum Gail 1950)
98 Dinophysis moresbyensis Wood 1963
99 Dinophysis mucronata (Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928) Sournia 1973 (=D. paulsenii (Schiller 1928) Balech 1967,
non D. paulsenii Woloszyn bska 1928)
143
100 Dinophysis neolenticula Sournia 1973 (=Ph. lenticulata Kofoid 1907, non D. lenticula Daday 1888, nec D. lenticula Pavillard 1916)
144
GÓMEZ F.
101 Dinophysis nias Karsten 1907 (=D. triacantha Karsten 1907)

102 Dinophysis norvegica Claparède et Lachmann 1859 (=D. norvegica var. debilior Paulsen 1907, D. debilior (Paulsen) Paulsen 1949)
103 Dinophysis okamurai Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=D. vanhoffenii Okamura 1907 partim, non D. vanhoffenii Ostenfeld 1899)
104 Dinophysis odiosa (Pavillard 1930) Tai et Skogsberg 1934 (=Ph. odiosum Pavillard 1930, Ph. hastatum Pavillard 1909)
105 Dinophysis operculata (Stein 1883) Balech 1967
106 Dinophysis opposita Wood 1963
107 Dinophysis oviformis Chen et Ni 1988 (non D. oviformis Schiller 1928)
108 Dinophysis ovum Schütt 1895 (=D. brevisulcus Tai et Skogsberg 1937 partim, D. antarctica Balech 1958, non Ph. ovum Schütt 1895)
109 Dinophysis pacifica Wood 1963
110 Dinophysis paralata Sournia 1973 (=D. alata (Wood 1954) Balech 1967)
111 Dinophysis parva Schiller 1928 (=D. infundibulus Schiller 1928)
112 Dinophysis perforata Sournia 1973 (=D. porosa (Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928) Balech 1967)
113 Dinophysis planiceps (Schiller 1928) Balech 1967 (=Ph. planiceps Schiller)
114 Dinophysis porodictyum (Stein 1883) Abé vel Balech 1967 (=D. amygdala Balech 1971, non D. amygdala 1967)
115 Dinophysis punctata Jørgensen 1923 (non D. punctata Balech 1971)
116 Dinophysis pusilla Jørgensen 1923
117 Dinophysis recurva Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=D. lenticula Pavillard 1916, non Daday 1888)
118 Dinophysis rete Sournia 1973 (=D. reticulata (Kofoid 1907) Balech 1967, non D. reticulata Gaarder 1954)
119 Dinophysis reticulata Gaarder 1954 (non D. reticulata (Kofoid 1907) Balech 1967)
120 Dinophysis richardii (Pavillard 1934) Balech 1967

*Dinophysis robusta Gran et Braarud 1935
121 Dinophysis rudgei Murray et Whitting 1899 (non Ph. rudgei Murray et Whitting 1899)
122 Dinophysis rugosa Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=Histiophysis rugosa Kofoid et Michener 1911)
123 Dinophysis ruudii (Braarud 1935) Balech 1967 (=Ph. ruudii Braarud)
124 Dinophysis sacculus Stein 1883 (=D. acuminata f. reniformis Pavillard 1905, D. acuminata f. reniformis (Pavillard 1905)
Zingone, Montresor et Marino 1998, D. pavillardii Schröder 1906, D. reniformis (Pavillard) Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928,
D. ventrecta Schiller 1933, D. phaseolus E.S. Silva 1952) [Zingone et al. (1998)]
125 Dinophysis scabra Sournia 1973 (=Ph. rugosum Gaarder 1954)
126 Dinophysis schilleri Sournia 1973 (=Ph. sphaeroideum Schiller 1928)
127 Dinophysis schroederi Pavillard 1909

128 Dinophysis schuettii Murray et Whitting 1899 (=D. uracantha Schütt 1895, non D. uracantha Stein 1883)
129 Dinophysis scrobiculata Balech 1971 (=Ph. scrobiculata (Balech) Díaz-Ramos et Estrella in Díaz-Ramos 2000) [Díaz-Ramos (2000)]
130 Dinophysis semen Meunier 1910
131 Dinophysis siankanensis Becerril-Almazán et Hernández-Becerril 2002 [Becerril-Almazán and Hernández-Becerril (2002)]
132 Dinophysis similis Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=D. sphaerica Schütt 1895, D. simplex Balech 1962=D. tai Balech 1971,
non D. simplex Böhm 1933)
133 Dinophysis simplex Böhm 1933 (non D. simplex Balech 1962=D. tai Balech 1971=D. similis Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928)
*Dinophysis skagii Paulsen 1949 (small cell of D. acuminata)
134 Dinophysis sourniai Balech 1978 (=D. lata Balech 1971, non D. lata (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1967)
135 Dinophysis sphaerica Stein 1883 (=D. vanhoffenii Ostenfeld 1899, non D. sphaerica Schütt 1895)
136 Dinophysis spinata (Peters 1928) Balech 1967
*Dinophysis spinosa Rampi 1950
137 Dinophysis subcircularis Paulsen 1949

138 Dinophysis swezyae Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
139 Dinophysis symmetrica (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1967
140 Dinophysis tailisunii Chen et Ni 1988
*Dinophysis taylorii Hernández-Becerril 1992 (small cell of D. tripos/D. caudata)
141 Dinophysis tenuivelata Balech 1973
142 Dinophysis thompsonii (Wood 1954) Balech 1967
*Dinophysis trapezium Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
*Dinophysis triacantha Kofoid 1907 (non D. triacantha Karsten 1907)
143 Dinophysis tripos Gourret 1883 (=D. caudata var. tripos (Gourret) Gail 1950)
144 Dinophysis truncata Cleve 1901 (=D. cuneiformis Mangin 1922, non D. cuneiformis Meunier 1910)
145 Dinophysis tuberculata Mangin 1926 (=D. carinata Peters 1928)
146 Dinophysis turbinea (Kofoid et Michener 1911) Balech 1967
147 Dinophysis umbosa Schiller 1928
148 Dinophysis uracantha Stein 1883 (non D. uracantha Schütt 1895=D. schuettii Murray et Whitting 1899)
145
149 Dinophysis urceola Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928

146
GÓMEZ F.
150 Dinophysis vertex Meunier 1910 (=?D. arctica Mereschkowsky 1879)
151 Dinophysis whiteleggei (Wood 1954) Balech 1967
11 Heteroschisma Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
152 Heteroschisma globulus Schiller 1933 (=Phalacroma globulus Schütt 1895)
153 Heteroschisma pirum (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1967 (=Phalacroma pirum Gaarder)
154 Heteroschisma inaequale Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=Latifascia inaequale (Kofoid et Skogsberg) Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1966)
155 Heteroschisma subantarcticum Balech 1971
12 Histioneis Stein 1883 (=Parahistioneis Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928) (65 species)
156 Parahistioneis acutiformis Rampi 1947 (=?H. diamantinae Wood 1963)
157 Histioneis aequatorialis Wood 1963
158 Histioneis australiae Wood 1963 (=?H. moresbyensis Wood 1963)
159 Histioneis biremis Stein 1883
160 Histioneis bougainvillae Wood 1963
161 Histioneis caminus Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933
162 Histioneis carinata Kofoid 1907
163 Histioneis cerasus Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933
164 Histioneis cleaveri Rampi 1952
165 Histioneis costata Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=?H. elongata Kofoid et Michener 1911)
166 Histioneis crateriformis Stein 1883 (=H. reticulata Kofoid 1907)
167 Histioneis cymbalaria Stein 1883 (=H. skogsbergii Schiller 1933, H. depressa Schiller 1933, H. speciosa Rampi 1969)
168 Histioneis dentata Murray et Whitting 1899
169 Histioneis detonii Rampi 1947 (=?H. cleaveri Rampi 1952)
170 Histioneis diamantinae Wood 1963 (=?P. acutiformis Rampi 1947)
171 Histioneis diomedeae Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=P. diomedeae (Kofoid et Michener) Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928)
172 Histioneis dubia Böhm 1933 (=?H. mediterranea sec Rampi)
173 Histioneis elongata Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=H. subcarinata Rampi 1947,?H. costata Kofoid et Michener 1911)
174 Histioneis fragilis Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933 (=?immature H. milneri Murray et Whitting 1899)
175 Histioneis garrettii Kofoid 1907 (=P. garrettii (Kofoid) Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928)
176 Parahistioneis gascoynensis Wood 1963
177 Histioneis gregoryi Böhm 1936 (=?H. pachypus Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933)
178 Histioneis gubernans Schütt 1895 (=H. expansa Rampi 1947, H. ligustica Rampi 1940)
179 Histioneis highleyi Murray et Whitting 1899
180 Histioneis hyalina Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=?H. longicollis Kofoid 1907)
181 Histioneis imbricata Halim 1960 (=?H. longicollis Kofoid 1907)
182 Histioneis inclinata Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=H. alata Rampi 1947)
183 Histioneis inornata Kofoid et Michener 1911
184 Histioneis isselii Forti 1932 (=?H. elongata sec Böhm 1936)
185 Histioneis joergensenii Schiller 1928 (=?H. vouckii Schiller 1928,=?H. planeta Wood 1963)
186 Histioneis josephinae Kofoid 1907 (=?H. megalocopa Stein 1883)
187 Histioneis karstenii Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=P. karstenii (Kofoid et Michener) Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928)
188 Histioneis lanceolata Wood 1963
189 Histioneis longicollis Kofoid 1907 (=H. elegans Halim 1960, H. faouzii Halim 1960, H. kofoidii Forti et Issel 1925, H. minuscula Rampi 1950,

H. sublongicollis Halim 1960, H. villafranca Halim 1960)
190 Histioneis marchesonii Rampi 1941
191 Histioneis mediterranea Schiller 1928 (=?H. reticulata Kofoid 1907)
192 Histioneis megalocopa Stein 1883 (=H. dolon Murray et Whitting 1899)
193 Histioneis milneri Murray et Whitting 1899 (=H. helenae Murray et Whitting 1899, H. hippoperoides Kofoid et Michener 1911)
194 Histioneis mitchellana Murray et Whitting 1899 (=H. mitchelliana Schröder 1906,?H. pulchra Kofoid 1907)
195 Histioneis moresbyensis Wood 1963 (=?H. costata Kofoid et Michener 1911)
196 Histioneis navicula Kofoid 1907 (=?H. oceanica Rampi 1950)
197 Histioneis oceanica Rampi 1950 (=?H. navicula Kofoid 1907)
198 Histioneis oxypteris Schiller 1928 (=?H. paulsenii Kofoid 1907)
199 Parahistioneis pachypus Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933 (=P. varians Böhm 1933,=?H. gregoryi Böhm 1936)
200 Histioneis pacifica Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=H. pavillardii Rampi 1939, H. bernhardii Rampi 1969)
201 Histioneis panaria Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=?H. panda Kofoid et Michener 1911)
202 Histioneis panda Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=?H. panaria Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928)
147
203 Histioneis para Murray et Whitting 1899 (=P. conica Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933)
148
GÓMEZ F.
204 Histioneis paraformis (Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928) Balech 1971 (=H. para Okamura 1912, P. acuta Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933)
205 Histioneis paulsenii Kofoid 1907 (=?H. crateriformis Stein 1883,?H. reticulata Kofoid 1907 sec Balech 1988)
206 Parahistioneis pieltainii Osorio-Tafall 1942 (=?H. sphaeroidea Rampi 1947,?H. tubifera Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933)
207 Histioneis pietschmannii Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933
208 Histioneis planeta Wood 1963 (=?H. longicollis Kofoid 1907)
209 Histioneis pulchra Kofoid 1907 (=?H. mitchellana Murray et Whitting 1899)
210 Histioneis rampii Halim 1960 (=?H. cymbalaria Stein 1883)
211 Histioneis reginella Kofoid et Michener 1911
212 Histioneis remora Stein 1883 (=?H. sphaeroidea Rampi 1947)
213 Histioneis robusta Rampi 1969
214 Histioneis rotundata Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=P. rotundata (Kofoid et Michener) Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928)
215 Histioneis schilleri Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933
216 Histioneis simplex Wood 1963
217 Parahistioneis sphaeroidea Rampi 1947 (=?H. pieltainii Osorio-Tafall 1942,=?H. tubifera Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933)
218 Histioneis striata Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=H. variabilis Schiller 1933, H. steinii Schiller 1928, H. parallela Gaarder 1954)
219 Histioneis tubifera Böhm 1931 in Schiller 1933 (=?H. pieltainii Osorio-Tafall 1942,=?H. sphaeroidea Rampi 1947)
220 Histioneis vouckii Schiller 1928 (=?H. joergensenii Schiller 1928)
*Metadinophysis Nie et Wang 1941 (=?Dinophysis Ehrenberg 1839)
*Metadinophysis sinensis Nie et Wang 1941
13 Metaphalacroma Tai et Skogsberg 1934

221 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii Tai in Tai et Skogsberg 1934
14 Ornithocercus Stein 1883 (15 species)
222 Ornithocercus australis Wood 1963
223 Ornithocercus bilobatus Rampi 1950 (=?O. quadratus f. intermedia Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928)
224 Ornithocercus carpentariae Wood 1963
225 Ornithocercus cristatus Matzenauer 1933
226 Ornithocercus francescae (Murray 1899) Balech 1962 (=O. carolinae Kofoid 1907, Histioneis francescae Murray in Murray et Whitting 1899)
227 Ornithocercus formosus Kofoid et Michener 1911
228 Ornithocercus geniculatus P. Dangeard 1927

229 Ornithocercus heteroporoides Abé 1967
230 Ornithocercus heteroporus Kofoid 1907 (=O. biclavatus Wood 1954, O. triclavatus Wood 1954)
231 Ornithocercus magnificus Stein 1883 (=O. minor Jørgensen 1923, non O. magnificus Bütschli 1885)
232 Ornithocercus quadratus Schütt 1900 (=O. assimilis Jørgensen 1923, Histioneis quadrata Lemmermann 1901,
O. galea (Pouchet 1883) Abé 1967)
233 Ornithocercus skogsbergii Abé 1967
234 Ornithocercus splendidus Schütt 1895 (=Histioneis splendida Murray et Whitting 1899)
235 Ornithocercus steinii Schütt 1900 (=O. serratus Kofoid 1907, O. orbiculatus Kofoid et Michener 1911)
236 Ornithocercus thumii (Schmidt 1888) Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
15 Phalacroma Stein 1883 (=Dinophysis Ehrenberg 1839 partim) (41 species) [Phalacroma has been considered a synonym of Dinophysis but the
genus is maintained on the basis of the larger height of the epitheca and the prevailing heterotrophic behaviour. This is still a matter of debate]
237 Phalacroma acutum (Schütt 1895) Pavillard 1916 (=D. acutoides Balech 1967, non D. acuta Ehrenberg 1839)
238 Phalacroma apicatum Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=D. apicata (Kofoid et Skogsberg) Abé vel Balech 1967)

239 Phalacroma argus Stein 1883 (=D. argus (Stein) Abé vel Balech 1967)
240 Phalacroma biceps (Schiller 1928) Schiller 1933 (=D. biceps Schiller)
241 Phalacroma bipartitum Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=D. bipartita (Kofoid et Skogsberg) Balech 1967)
242 Phalacroma circumcinctum Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=D. circumcincta (Kofoid et Michener) Balech 1967)
243 Phalacroma circumsutum Karsten 1907 (=D. circumsutum (Karsten) Balech 1967)
244 Phalacroma complanatum Gaarder 1954
245 Phalacroma contractum Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=D. contracta (Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928) Balech 1967, Ph. ruudii Braarud 1935)
246 Phalacroma cuneolus Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=D. cuneolus (Kofoid et Skogsberg) Balech 1967)
247 Phalacroma cuneus Schütt 1895 (=D. cuneus (Schütt) Abé vel Balech 1967, Ph. blackmanii Murray et Whitting 1899,
Ph. triangulare Wood 1954, Dinophysis triangulare (Wood) Balech 1967)
248 Phalacroma doryphorum Stein 1883
249 Phalacroma expulsum (Kofoid et Michener 1911) Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=P. stenopterygium Jørgensen 1923)
250 Phalacroma favus Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=P. hindmarchii Pavillard 1916)
251 Phalacroma fimbriatum Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=D. fimbriata (Kofoid et Michener) Balech 1967)
149
252 Phalacroma giganteum Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=D. gigantea (Kofoid et Michener) Balech 1967)
150
GÓMEZ F.
253 Phalacroma globulus Schütt 1895 (=D. globulus (Schütt) Balech 1967)
254 Phalacroma hindmarchii Murray et Whitting 1899 (=D. hindmarchii (Murray et Whitting) Balech 1967, non Ph. hindmarchii Pavillard 1916)
255 Phalacroma jibbonense Wood 1954 (=D. jibbonensis (Wood) Balech 1967)
256 Phalacroma lativelatum Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=D. lativelata (Kofoid et Skogsberg) Balech 1967)
257 Phalacroma dens Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=D. lens (Kofoid et Skogsberg) Balech 1967)
258 Phalacroma mawsonii Wood 1954 (=D. mawsonii (Wood 1954) Balech 1967,?Ph. tuberculatum Galil 1959)
259 Phalacroma minutum Cleve 1900 (=D. minuta (Cleve) Balech 1967)
260 Phalacroma mitra Schütt 1895 (=D. mitra (Schütt 1895) Abé vel Balech 1967, Ph. rapa Stein 1883,
Ph. dolichopterygium Murray et Whitting 1899)
261 Phalacroma monacanthum Gail 1950 (non D. monacantha Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928)
262 Phalacroma nasutum Stein 1883 (=Pseudophalacroma nasutum (Stein) Jørgensen 1923, D. nasutum (Stein) Parke et Dixon 1968)
263 Phalacroma operculatum Stein 1883
264 Phalacroma operculoides Schütt 1895 (=D. operculoides (Schütt) Balech 1967)
265 Phalacroma ovatum (Claparède et Lachmann 1859) Jørgensen 1923
266 Phalacroma parvulum (Schütt 1895) Jørgensen 1923 (=P. porodictyum Stein var. parvula Schütt,
D. oviformis Schiller 1928;?small cell of D. rotundata)
267 Phalacroma porodictyum Stein 1883
268 Phalacroma praetextum Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=D. praetexta (Kofoid et Michener) Balech 1967)
269 Phalacroma protuberans Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (=D. protuberans (Kofoid et Skogsberg) Balech 1967)
270 Phalacroma pugiunculus Jørgensen 1923 (=D. pugiunculus (Jørgensen) Balech 1967)
271 Phalacroma pulchellum Lebour 1922
*Phalacroma pulchrum Kofoid et Michener 1911
*Phalacroma pyriforme Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
272 Phalacroma rapa Stein 1883 (=D. rapa (Stein) Balech 1967, Ph. mitra Okamura 1907)
273 Phalacroma rotundatum (Claparède et Lachmann 1859) Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=D. rotundata Claparède et Lachmann,
D. whittingae Balech 1971, Phalacroma rudgei Murray et Whitting 1899, D. rotundiformis Tai et Skogsberg 1934)
274 Phalacroma striatum Kofoid 1907 (=D. striata (Kofoid) Balech 1967)
275 Phalacroma tuberculatum Galil 1959 (=D. tuberculata (Gail) Konovalova 1998,?D. mawsonii (Wood 1954) Balech 1988) [Konovalova (1998)]
276 Phalacroma vastiforme Tai et Skogsberg 1934 (=D. vastiformis (Tai et Skogsberg) Balech 1967)
277 Phalacroma vastum Schütt 1895 (=D. vasta (Schütt) Balech 1967)
16 Sinophysis Nie et Wang 1944
278 Sinophysis canaliculata Quod, Ten-Hage, Turquet, Mascarell et Couté 1999 [Quod et al. (1999)]
279 Sinophysis ebriola (Herdman 1924) Balech 1956 (=Phalacroma ebriola Herdman 1924)
280 Sinophysis grandis Hoppenrath 2000 [Hoppenrath (2000c)]
281 Sinophysis microcephala Nie et Wang 1944
282 Sinophysis stenosoma Hoppenrath 2000 [Hoppenrath (2000c)]
17 Triposolenia Kofoid 1906 (10 species)
283 Triposolenia ambulathrix Kofoid 1907 (non T. ambulathrix Jørgensen 1923)
284 Triposolenia bicornis Kofoid 1906
285 Triposolenia depressa Kofoid 1906 (=T. ambulathrix Jørgensen 1923)
286 Triposolenia exilis Kofoid 1906
287 Triposolenia fallax Hernández-Becerril et Meave del Castillo 1999 [Hernández-Becerril and Meave del Castillo (1999)]
288 Triposolenia fatula Kofoid 1907

289 Triposolenia intermedia Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928
290 Triposolenia longicornis Kofoid 1907
291 Triposolenia ramiciformis Kofoid 1906
292 Triposolenia truncata Kofoid 1906
Oxyphysaceae Sournia 1984
18 Oxyphysis Kofoid 1926
293 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides Kofoid 1926
Gymnodiniales Lemmermann 1910
Gymnodiniaceae Lankester 1885
19 Akashiwo G. Hansen et Moestrup 2000 (=Gymnodinium Stein 1883 partim) [Daugbjerg et al. (2000)]
294 Akashiwo sanguinea (Hirasaka 1924) G. Hansen et Moestrup 2000 (=G. sanguineum Hirasaka, G. splendens Lebour 1925,
G. nelsonii Martin 1929 [Daugbjerg et al. (2000), a feminine ending was used for the epithet, the use of “Akashio” is recommendable]
20 Amphidinium Claparède et Lachmann 1859 (76 species)
151
295 Amphidinium acutum Schiller 1928 (=A. acutissimum Schiller 1933)

152
GÓMEZ F.
296 Amphidinium aloxalocium Norris 1961
297 Amphidinium asymmetricum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Amphidinium aureum Böhm 1976
298 Amphidinium bipes Herdman 1924
299 Amphidinium boggayum S. Murray et Patterson 2002 [Murray and Patterson (2002)]
300 Amphidinium britannicum (Herdman 1924) Lebour 1925 (=A. asymmetricum var. britannicum Herdman 1922)
301 Amphidinium carbunculus Conrad et Kufferath 1954
302 Amphidinium celestinum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
303 Amphidinium coeruleum Conrad 1939
304 Amphidinium conradii (Conrad 1926) Schiller 1933 (=Gymnodinium glaucum Conrad)
*Amphidinium conus Schiller 1928
305 Amphidinium corallinum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
306 Amphidinium corpulentum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
307 Amphidinium corrugatum J. Larsen et Patterson 1990
308 Amphidinium crassum Lohmann 1908 (=A. phaeocysticola Lebour 1925)
309 Amphidinium cristatum Ballantine in Parke et Dixon 1964 (=A. rostratum Conrad et Kufferath 1954)
310 Amphidinium cucurbita Kofoid et Swezy 1921
311 Amphidinium cucurbitella Kofoid et Swezy 1921
312 Amphidinium curvatum Schiller 1928
313 Amphidinium cyaneoturbo Conrad et Kufferath 1954

*Amphidinium dentatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
314 Amphidinium discoidale (Diesing 1866) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=A. operculatum var. discoidalis Diesing 1866)
315 Amphidinium dubium Conrad et Kufferath 1954
316 Amphidinium emarginaum (Diesing 1886) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=A. operculatum var. marginata Diesing 1886)
317 Amphidinium extensum Wulff 1916
*Amphidinium fastigium Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Amphidinium filum Böhm 1976
318 Amphidinium flagellans Schiller 1928
319 Amphidinium flexum Herdman 1923
*Amphidinium galbanum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
320 Amphidinium glabrum Hopperanth et Okolodkov 2000 [Hoppenrath and Okolodkov (2000)]
321 Amphidinium glaucum Conrad 1926
322 Amphidinium globosum Schröder 1911
323 Amphidinium hadai Balech 1976 (=A. acutissimum Schiller sensu Hada 1970)
324 Amphidinium herdmanii Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=A. operculatum Herdman 1911)
325 Amphidinium incoloratum P.H. Campbell 1973 (=A. boekhoutnesis Caljon 1983)
326 Amphidinium inflatum Kofoid 1931
327 Amphidinium kesslitzii Schiller 1928
328 Amphidinium lacustre Stein 1883 (=A. lacustriforme Schiller 1928, A. schroederi Schiller 1928)
329 Amphidinium lanceolatum Schröder 1911
330 Amphidinium latum Lebour 1925
331 Amphidinium lilloense Conrad et Kufferath 1954

332 Amphidinium lissae Schiller 1925
333 Amphidinium longum Lohmann 1908 (=A. acutum Lohmann 1920, non Cochlodinium longum Lohmann 1908, non A. acutum Schiller 1928)
334 Amphidinium luteum Skuja 1939
*Amphidinium machapungarum P.H. Campbell 1973
335 Amphidinium macrocephalum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
336 Amphidinium mammillatum Conrad et Kufferath 1954 (=A. pseudogalbanum Conrad et Kufferath 1954)
337 Amphidinium mananninii Herdman 1924
338 Amphidinium massartii Biecheler 1952 (=A. carterae Hulburt 1957, non A. klebsii Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
339 Amphidinium microcephalum Norris 1961
340 Amphidinium mootonorum S. Murray et Patterson 2002 [Murray and Patterson (2002)]
341 Amphidinium oceanicum Lohmann 1920
342 Amphidinium operculatum Claparède et Lachmann 1859 (=A. klebsii Kofoid et Swezy 1921, A. wislouchii Hulburt 1957,
A. rhynchocephalum Anissimowa 1926, A. hoefleri Schiller et Diskus 1955, A. elegans Grell et Wohlfarth-Bottermann 1957,
Amphidinium operculatum var. gibbosum Maranda et Shimizu 1996)
153
343 Amphidinium ornithocephalum Conrad 1939

154
GÓMEZ F.
344 Amphidinium ovoideum (Lemmermann 1896) Lemmermann 1900 (=Prorocentrum ovoideum Lemmermann)
345 Amphidinium ovum Herdman 1924
*Amphidinium pacificum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
346 Amphidinium pelagicum Lebour 1925
347 Amphidinium pellucidum Herdman 1922 (=A. subsalsum Biecheler 1952)
348 Amphidinium phthartum Skuja 1939
349 Amphidinium poecilochroum J. Larsen 1985
350 Amphidinium prismaticum (Conrad 1926) Schiller 1933 (=Trochodinium prismaticum Conrad)
351 Amphidinium psammophilum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
352 Amphidinium psittacus J. Larsen 1985
353 Amphidinium purpureum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
354 Amphidinium roseolum (Schmarda 1854) Schiller 1933 (=Gymnodinium roseolum (Schmarda) Stein 1878)
355 Amphidinium salinum Ruinen 1938
356 Amphidinium scissum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=A. scissoides Lebour 1925)
357 Amphidinium semilunatum Herdman 1923 (=Thecadinium semilunatum (Herdman) Dodge 1982)
358 Amphidinium semilunatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (non A. semilunatum Herdman 1923, Thecadinium inclinatum Balech 1956)
359 Amphidinium sphenoides Wulff 1916 (=Gymnodinium filum Lebour 1917)
360 Amphidinium steinii Lemmemann 1910 (=Amphidinium operculatum Stein 1883)
361 Amphidinium stellatum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
362 Amphidinium stigmatum Schiller 1928

*Amphidinium sulcatum Kofoid 1907
363 Amphidinium testudo Herdman 1924
364 Amphidinium tortum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
365 Amphidinium trochodinoides Conrad et Kufferath 1954
*Amphidinium truncatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
366 Amphidinium turbo Kofoid et Swezy 1921
367 Amphidinium vasculum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
368 Amphidinium vitreum Herdman 1924
369 Amphidinium vittatum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
370 Amphidinium yoorugurrum S. Murray et Patterson 2002 [Murray and Patterson (2002)]
21 Cochlodinium Schütt 1896 (35 species)
371 Cochlodinium achromaticum Lebour 1925
372 Cochlodinium adriaticum Schiller 1933 (=Gyrodinium adriaticum Schiller 1928)
373 Cochlodinium archimedes (Pouchet 1883) Lemmermann 1899 (=Gymnodinium archimedes Pouchet)
*Cochlodinium atromaculatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (non Nematodinium atromaculatum Kofoid 1931)
374 Cochlodinium brandtii Wulff 1916 (=C. angustum Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
375 Cochlodinium catenatum Okamura 1916 (=?C. polykrikoides Margalef 1961)
376 Cochlodinium cavatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
377 Cochlodinium cereum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
378 Cochlodinium citron Kofoid et Swezy 1921
379 Cochlodinium clarissimum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
380 Cochlodinium cnidophorum Biecheler 1939

381 Cochlodinium conspiratum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
382 Cochlodinium constrictum (Schütt 1895) Lemmermann 1899 (=Gymnodinium constrictum Schütt)
383 Cochlodinium convolutum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
384 Cochlodinium distortum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Cochlodinium elongatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
385 Cochlodinium faurei Kofoid et Swezy 1921
386 Cochlodinium flavum Kofoid 1931 (non Gymnodinium flavum Kofoid et Swezy 1921, non Gyrodinium flavum Kofoid 1931)
387 Cochlodinium geminatum (Schütt 1895) Schütt 1896 (=Gymnodinium geminatum Schütt)
388 Cochlodinium helicoides Lebour 1925 (=C. helix Schütt 1895 partim, Cochlodinium helix Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
389 Cochlodinium helix (Pouchet 1887) Lemmermann 1899 (=Gymnodinium helix Pouchet, Gymnodinium helix Schütt 1895)
390 Cochlodinium lebourae Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Cochlodinium moniliforme Margalef 1968
391 Cochlodinium pellucidum Lohmann 1908
392 Cochlodinium pirum (Schütt 1895) Lemmermann 1899 (=Gymnodinium pirum Schütt)
155
156
GÓMEZ F.
393 Cochlodinium platycorne Daday 1888
394 Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef 1961 (=C. heterolobatum E.S. Silva 1967, =?C. catenatum Okamura 1916)
395 Cochlodinium pulchellum Lebour 1917
396 Cochlodinium pupa Lebour 1925
397 Cochlodinium radiatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Cochlodinium rosaceum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
398 Cochlodinium schuettii Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium helix Schütt 1895 partim, non Pouchet 1887)
399 Cochlodinium scintillans Kofoid et Swezy 1921
400 Cochlodinium semistriatum Elbrächter 1979
401 Cochlodinium strangulatum (Schütt 1895) Schütt 1896 (=Gymnodinium strangulatum Schütt)
402 Cochlodinium turbineum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
403 Cochlodinium vinctum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
404 Cochlodinium virescens Kofoid et Swezy 1921
405 Cochlodinium volutum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
22 Gymnodinium Stein 1878 emend. G. Hansen et Moestrup 2000 (=Gyrodinium Kofoid et Swezy 1921 partim) (173 species) [Daugbjerg et al. (2000)]
406 Gymnodinium achromaticum Lebour 1917
407 Gymnodinium adriaticum (Schmarda 1846) Kofoid et Swezy 1921
408 Gymnodinium aequatoriale Hasle 1960
*Gymnodinium acutissimum Okolodkov 1997 [Okolodkov (1997), not listed in Okolodkov (1998)]
409 Gymnodinium agaricoides P.H. Campbell 1973

410 Gymnodinium agile Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (non G. agile sensu Herdman 1922=Herdmania litoralis Dodge 1981)
411 Gymnodinium agiliforme Schiller 1928
412 Gymnodinium alaskense Bursa 1963
413 Gymnodinium albidum J.B. Lackey et E.W. Lackey 1970
414 Gymnodinium allophron J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
415 Gymnodinium amphityphlum J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
416 Gymnodinium amphora Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Gymnodinium amplinucleum P.H. Campbell 1973
417 Gymnodinium arcticum Wulff 1916 (=?G. soyai Hada 1970)
418 Gymnodinium arcuatum Kofoid 1931
419 Gymnodinium arenicolum Dragesco 1965 (=G. variabile sensu Dodge 1982, non Herdman 1924)
420 Gymnodinium atomatum J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
421 Gymnodinium attenuatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
422 Gymnodinium aurantium P.H. Campbell 1973
423 Gymnodinium auratum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
424 Gymnodinium aureolum (Hulburt 1957) G. Hansen 2000 (=G. mikimotoi sensu Hallegraeff 1991, non European Gyrodinium aureolum
Hulburt sensu Braarud et Heimdal 1970, non Karenia mikimotoi) [Hansen et al. (2000)]
426 Gymnodinium australense Ruiner 1938
427 Gymnodinium baccatum Balech in Balech et El-Sayed 1965
*Gymnodinium bicaudatum Pavillard 1905
428 Gymnodinium biconicum Schiller 1928 (non Gyrodinium biconicum Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
429 Gymnodinium bicorne Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Dissodinium bicorne (Kofoid et Swezy) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
430 Gymnodinium bifurcatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921

431 Gymnodinium bilobatum van Meel 1969
432 Gymnodinium birotundatum van Goor 1925
433 Gymnodinium boguense P.H. Campbell 1973
434 Gymnodinium bonaerense Akselman 1985
*Gymnodinium boreale Gaarder in Braarud et al. 1953
435 Gymnodinium canus Kofoid et Swezy 1921
436 Gymnodinium capitatum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
437 Gymnodinium caput Schiller 1928
438 Gymnodinium cassiei Norris 1961
439 Gymnodinium catenatum Graham 1943
440 Gymnodinium chiasmonetrium Norris 1961
441 Gymnodinium chlorophorum Elbrächter et Schnepf 1996 (=?Lepidodinium viride Watanabe et al. 1990) [Elbrächter and Schnepf (1996)]
442 Gymnodinium chukwanii Ballantine 1961
443 Gymnodinium cinctum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
157
444 Gymnodinium cnodax Conrad et Kufferath 1954

158
GÓMEZ F.
445 Gymnodinium coeruleum Dogiel 1906 (=Balechina coerulea (Dogiel) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
446 Gymnodinium conicum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=G. viridis Lebour 1917)
*Gymnodinium contractum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
447 Gymnodinium corii Schiller 1928
448 Gymnodinium costatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
449 Gymnodinium cucumis Schütt 1895
450 Gymnodinium cyaneofungiforme Conrad et Kufferath 1954
451 Gymnodinium danicans P.H. Campbell 1973
452 Gymnodinium dentatum J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
453 Gymnodinium diamphidium Norris 1961
454 Gymnodinium diploconus Schütt 1895
455 Gymnodinium dissimile Kofoid et Swezy 1921
456 Gymnodinium enorme Ballantine in Parke et Dixon 1964 (=G. irregulare Conrad et Kufferath 1954, non G. irregulare Hope 1954, nec Christen 1959)
*Gymnodinium dogielii Kofoid et Swezy 1921
457 Gymnodinium doma Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Gymnodinium elongatum Hope 1954 (non Gyrodinium elongatum Schiller 1955,?Lessardia elongata Saldarriaga et F.J.R. Taylor 2003)
[Saldarriaga et al. (2003)]
458 Gymnodinium endofasciculum P.H. Campbell 1973
459 Gymnodinium enorme Ballantine in Parke et Dixon 1964
460 Gymnodinium excavatum van Meel 1969 (non G. excavatum Nygaard 1954)
461 Gymnodinium exechegloutum Norris 1961
462 Gymnodinium fissum Levander 1894 (=Spirodinium fissum (Levander) Lemmermann 1900, non Gyrodinium fissum (Levander)
Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
463 Gymnodinium flavum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (non Gyrodinium flavum Kofoid 1931)
464 Gymnodinium fossarum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
465 Gymnodinium frigidum Balech in Balech et El-Sayed 1965
Gymnodinium fuscum (Ehrenberg 1834) Stein 1883 (=G. caudatum Prescot 1944, Gymnocystodinium gessneri Baumeister 1957,
Cystodinium gessneri (Baumeister) Bourrelly 1970) [freshwater]
466 Gymnodinium fusus Schütt 1896 (=Gyrodinium falcatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 partim,
Gyrodinium sugashimanii J. Cachon, H. Sato, M. Cachon et S. Sato 1989, Pseliodinium vaubanii Sournia 1972)
467 Gymnodinium galatheanum Braarud 1957 (non Gyrodinium galatheanum (Braarud) F.J.R. Taylor 1992,
non Karlodinium micrum (Leadbeater et Dodge 1966) J. Larsen 2000) [Daugbjerg et al. 2000)]
468 Gymnodinium galeaeforme Matzenauer 1933
*Gymnodinium galeiforme Okolodkov 1997 [Okolodkov (1997), not listed in Okolodkov (1998)]
469 Gymnodinium galeatum J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
470 Gymnodinium galesianum P.H. Campbell 1973
471 Gymnodinium gelbum Kofoid 1931
472 Gymnodinium gibbera Schiller 1928
473 Gymnodinium glandiforme Conrad et Kufferath 1954
474 Gymnodinium gleba Schütt 1895
475 Gymnodinium gracile Bergh 1881 (=G. spirale var. nobilis Pouchet 1883, G. roseum Lohmann 1908, G. abbreviatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921,
G. lohmannii Paulsen 1908, non G. roseum Dogiel 1906)

476 Gymnodinium gracilentum P.H. Campbell 1973
477 Gymnodinium grammaticum (Pouchet 1887) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=G. punctatum var. grammaticum Pouchet)
478 Gymnodinium guttiforme J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
479 Gymnodinium guttula Balech 1976 (=Gymnodinium cinctum Kofoid et Swezy sensu Hada 1970)
480 Gymnodinium halophilum Biecheler 1952
*Gymnodinium herbaceum Kofoid in Kofoid et Swezy 1921
481 Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=G. lucidum Ballantine in Parke et Dixon 1964, G. hyalinum Lebour 1925,
non G. striatissimum Hulburt 1957)
482 Gymnodinium hiroshimaense Hada 1968
483 Gymnodinium hulburtii P.H. Campbell 1973
484 Gymnodinium impudicum (Fraga et Bravo 1995) G. Hansen et Moestrup 2000 [Fraga et al. (1995), Daugbjerg et al. (2000)]
485 Gymnodinium incertum Herdman 1924
486 Gymnodinium incisum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
487 Gymnodinium incoloratum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
159
488 Gymnodinium inconstans van Meel 1969

160
GÓMEZ F.
489 Gymnodinium intercalare Bursa 1961
490 Gymnodinium instriatum (Freudenthal et Lee 1963) Coats 2002 (=G. instriatum Freudenthal et Lee) [Coats and Park (2002)]
491 Gymnodinium irregulare Hope 1954 (non G. enorme Ballantine in Parke et Dixon 1964,
non Gymnodinium irregulare Christen 1959=G. uberrimum (Allman 1855) Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
492 Gymnodinium japonicum Hada 1974
493 Gymnodinium katodiniforme Elbrächter 1979
494 Gymnodinium kowalevskii Pitzik 1967
495 Gymnodinium lachmannii Saville-Kent 1881
496 Gymnodinium lanskoi Rouchijajnen 1968
497 Gymnodinium lazulum Hulburt 1957
498 Gymnodinium leptum Norris 1961
499 Gymnodinium lineatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Gymnodinium lineopunicum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
500 Gymnodinium lira Kofoid et Swezy 1921
501 Gymnodinium loburare P.H. Campbell 1973
502 Gymnodinium luteo-viride van Meel 1969
503 Gymnodinium maguelonnense Biecheler 1939
504 Gymnodinium mammosum van Meel 1969
505 Balechina marianae F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (to be transferred to Gymnodinium)
506 Gymnodinium marinum Saville-Kent 1881

507 Gymnodinium maximum Nordli 1951
508 Gymnodinium metum Hulburt 1957
509 Gymnodinium microreticulatum Bolch, Negri et Hallegraeff 1999 [Bolch et al. (1999)]
510 Gymnodinium minus Lebour 1917
511 Gymnodinium minutulum J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
512 Gymnodinium modestum Balech 1976 (=Gymnodinium baccatum Balech sensu Hada 1970)
513 Gymnodinium multilineatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
514 Gymnodinium multistriatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
515 Gymnodinium najadeum Schiller 1928
*Gymnodinium nanum Schiller 1928
516 Gymnodinium natalense Horiguchi et Pienaar 1994 [Horiguchi and Pienaar (1994a)]
517 Gymnodinium neapolitanum Schiller 1928
518 Gymnodinium nolleri Ellegaard et Moestrup 1999 [Ellegaard and Moestrup (1999)]
*Gymnodinium nucaceum Okolodkov 1997 [Okolodkov (1997), not listed in Okolodkov (1998)]
*Gymnodinium obliquum Okolodkov 1997 [Okolodkov (1997), not listed in Okolodkov (1998)]
519 Gymnodinium oceanicum Hasle 1960 (non Gymnodinium oceanicum Sukhanova 1968, non Gyrodinium oceaniae Okolodkov 1997)
520 Gymnodinium ochraceum Kofoid 1931
521 Gymnodinium octo J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
522 Gymnodinium opressum Conrad 1926
523 Gymnodinium ordinatum Skuja 1939
524 Gymnodinium ostenfeldii Schiller 1928
525 Gymnodinium ovato-capitatum van Meel 1969
*Gymnodinium ovoideum Okolodkov 1997 (non Gyrodinium ovoideum Kofoid et Swezy 1921) [Okolodkov (1997), not listed in Okolodkov (1998)]

526 Gymnodinium ovulum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
527 Gymnodinium pachydermatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Balechina pachydermata (Kofoid et Swezy) Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1968)
528 Gymnodinium pallidum Skuja 1939
529 Gymnodinium parvulum J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
530 Gymnodinium patagonicum Balech 1971
531 Gymnodinium paulsenii Schiller 1928
532 Gymnodinium perplexum van Meel 1969
533 Gymnodinium pigmentosum (Dodge 1967) Loeblich III 1970 (=Aureodinium pigmentosum Dodge)
534 Gymnodinium pingue van Meel 1969 (non Gyrodinium pingue (Schütt 1895) Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
535 Gymnodinium placidum Herdman 1922
536 Gymnodinium polycomma J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
537 Gymnodinium prolatum J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
538 Gymnodinium pulchrum Schiller 1928
539 Gymnodinium pumilum J. Larsen 1994 [Larsen (1994)]
161
162
GÓMEZ F.
540 Gymnodinium punctatum Pouchet 1887
541 Gymnodinium puniceum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
542 Gymnodinium pygmaeum Lebour 1925 (=?Gyrodinium aureolum Hulburt 1957)
543 Gymnodinium pyrenoidosum Horiguchi et Chihara 1988
544 Gymnodinium pyrocystis Jørgensen 1912 (=?Kofoidinium splendens J. Cachon et M. Cachon 1967)
545 Gymnodinium quadrilobatum Horiguchi et Pienaar 1994 [Horiguchi and Pienaar (1994b)]
546 Gymnodinium radiatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
547 Gymnodinium ravenescens Kofoid et Swezy 1921
548 Gymnodinium regulare van Meel 1969
*Gymnodinium rete Schütt 1895
549 Gymnodinium rhomboides Schütt 1895
550 Gymnodinium roseostigma P.H. Campbell 1973
*Gymnodinium rubricauda Kofoid et Swezy 1921
551 Gymnodinium rubrocinctum Lebour 1925
552 Gymnodinium rubrum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
553 Gymnodinium scaphium van Meel 1969
554 Gymnodinium schaefferi Morris 1937
555 Gymnodinium scopulosum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
556 Gymnodinium semidivisum Schiller 1928
557 Gymnodinium simplex (Lohmann 1911) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Protodinium simplex Lohmann 1908)
558 Gymnodinium situla Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Gymnodinium sphaericum (Calkins 1902) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=G. gracile var. sphaerica Calkins)
559 Gymnodinium sphaeroideum Kofoid 1931
560 Gymnodinium soyai Hada 1970
561 Gymnodinium stellatum Hulbult 1957
562 Gymnodinium subroseum P.H. Campbell 1973
563 Gymnodinium suffuscum van Meel 1969 [?»subfuscum«]
564 Gymnodinium sulcatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
565 Gymnodinium telma van Meel 1969
566 Gymnodinium translucens Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (non Gymnodinium translucens P.H. Campbell 1973)
567 Gymnodinium translucens P.H. Campbell 1973 (non Gymnodinium translucens Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
*Gymnodinium triangularis Lebour 1917
568 Gymnodinium uncatenatum (Hulburt 1957) Hallegraeff 2002 [Hallegraeff (2002)]
569 Gymnodinium valdecompressum P.H. Campbell 1973
570 Gymnodinium variabile Herdman 1924 (non G. variabile sensu Dodge 1982)
571 Gymnodinium vas van Meel 1939
572 Gymnodinium verruculosum P.H. Campbell 1973
*Gymnodinium violescens Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (non Warnowia violescens (Kofoid et Swezy) Lindemann 1928)
573 Gymnodinium virescens Wood 1963 (non Gymnodinium viridescens Kofoid 1931)
*Gymnodinium viridescens Kofoid 1931
574 Gymnodinium vestificii Schütt 1885 [=?Katodinium glaucum (Lebour 1917) Loeblich III 1965]
575 Gymnodinium viridans van Meel 1969

576 Gymnodinium voukii Schiller 1928
577 Gymnodinium wilczekii Pouchet 1894
578 Gymnodinium wulffii Schiller 1933 (non Gyrodinium wulffii Schiller 1933)
23 Gyrodinium Kofoid et Swezy 1921 emend. G. Hansen et Moestrup 2000 (=Gymnodinium Stein 1878 partim) [Daugbjerg et al. (2000)] (87 species)
*Gyrodinium aciculatum G. Hansen et J. Larsen 1992
579 Gyrodinium acutum (Schütt 1895) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium spirale var. acuta Schütt)
580 Gyrodinium antarcticum Hasle 1960
581 Gyrodinium apidiomorphum Norris 1961
582 Gyrodinium arcticum Bursa 1961
583 Gyrodinium ascendans Kofoid 1931
584 Gyrodinium atractos J. Larsen 1996 [Larsen (1996)]
585 Gyrodinium aureum (Conrad 1926) Schiller 1933 (=Spirodinium aureum Conrad)
586 Gyrodinium biconicum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (non Gymnodinium biconicum Schiller 1928)
587 Gyrodinium bistellatum Conrad et Kufferath 1954
163
164
GÓMEZ F.
588 Gyrodinium britannicum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Spirodinium spirale var. acutum Schütt sensu Lebour 1917)
*Gyrodinium californicum Bursa 1962
589 Gyrodinium calyptroglyphe Lebour 1925 (=Sclerodinium calyptoglyphe (Lebour) Dodge 1981)
590 Gyrodinium capsulatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
591 Gyrodinium carteretense P.H. Campbell 1973
592 Gyrodinium caudatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
593 Gyrodinium citrinum Kofoid 1931
594 Gyrodinium chiasmonetrium Norris 1961
595 Gyrodinium cochlea Lebour 1925
596 Gyrodinium complanatum P.H. Campbell 1973
*Gyrodinium concentricum (Lebour 1917) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Spirodinium concentricum Lebour)
597 Gyrodinium conicum Schiller 1928
598 Gyrodinium contortum (Schütt 1895) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=G. contortum Schütt, Gymnodinium opimum Schütt 1895 partim)
599 Gyrodinium corallinum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
600 Gyrodinium cornutum (Pouchet 1885) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium spirale var. cornutum Pouchet, non G. cornutum Schütt 1895)
601 Gyrodinium corsicum Paulmier, Berland, Billard et Nezan 1995 [resembles Karlodinium micrum] [Paulmier et al. (1995)]
602 Gyrodinium crassum (Pouchet 1885) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium crassum Pouchet)
*Gyrodinium culeus Kofoid et Swezy 1921
603 Gyrodinium cuneatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 [=Gymnodinium gracile Bergh 1881]
604 Gyrodinium dominans Hulburt 1957

605 Gyrodinium dorsum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
606 Gyrodinium estuariale Hulburt 1957
607 Gyrodinium falcatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium fusus Schütt 1896 partim,
Gyrodinium sugashimanii J. Cachon, H. Sato, M. Cachon et S. Sato 1989, Pseliodinium vaubanii Sournia 1972)
608 Gyrodinium ferrugineum Kofoid 1931
609 Gyrodinium fissoides Elbrächter 1979 [=G. fissum (Levander 1894) Kofoid et Swezy 1921, non Gymnodinium fissum Levander 1894]
610 Gyrodinium flagellare Schiller 1928
*Gyrodinium flavescens Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Gyrodinium flavidum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
611 Gyrodinium flavum Kofoid 1931 (non Gymnodinium flavum Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
612 Gyrodinium foliaceum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium viride Schütt 1895, non G. viride Pénard 1891)
613 Gyrodinium formosum P.H. Campbell 1973
614 Gyrodinium fulvum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
615 Gyrodinium fusus (Meunier 1910) Akselman 1985 (=Spirodinium fusus Meunier, Gyrodinium fusiforme Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
616 Gyrodinium glaciale Hada 1970 ex Balech 1976
617 Gyrodinium glaebum Hulburt 1957
618 Gyrodinium grave (Meunier 1910) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Spirodinium grave Meunier)
619 Gyrodinium grenlandicum Braarud 1935
620 Gyrodinium grossestriatum P.H. Campbell 1973
621 Gyrodinium gutrula J. Larsen 1996 (non Gymnodinium guttula Balech 1976) [Larsen (1996)]
622 Gyrodinium herbaceum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
623 Gyrodinium heterogrammum J. Larsen 1996 [Larsen (1996)]

624 Gyrodinium impendens J. Larsen 1996 (=Gyrodinium impendens G. Hansen et J. Larsen 1992) [Larsen (1996)]
*Gyrodinium intortum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
625 Gyrodinium katodiniascens P.H. Campbell 1973
626 Gyrodinium kofoidii Norris 1961
627 Gyrodinium lachryma (Meunier 1910) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Spirodinium lachryma Meunier)
628 Gyrodinium lebourae Herdman 1924
629 Gyrodinium leptogrammum J. Larsen 1996 [Larsen (1996)]
630 Gyrodinium lingulifera Lebour 1925
631 Gyrodinium longum (Lohmann 1908) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Cochlodinium longum Lohmann, non Amphidinium longum Lohmann 1908)
632 Gyrodinium louisae Conrad et Kufferath 1954
633 Gyrodinium maculatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (non Warnowia maculata (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Lindemann 1928)
*Gyrodinium melo Kofoid et Swezy 1921
634 Gyrodinium metum Hulburt 1957
635 Gyrodinium mitrum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=G. spirale var. mitra Schütt 1895)
165
166
GÓMEZ F.
636 Gyrodinium mundulum P.H. Campbell 1973
637 Gyrodinium nasutum (Wulff 1916) Schiller 1933
638 Gyrodinium oblongum J. Larsen et Patterson 1990
639 Gyrodinium obtusum (Schütt 1895) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium spirale Bergh var. obtusa Schütt,
non G. spirale var. obtusum Dogiel 1906)
*Gyrodinium oceaniae Okolodkov 1997 (non Gymnodinium oceanicum Hasle 1960) [Okolodkov (1997), not listed in Okolodkov (1998)]
640 Gyrodinium ochraceum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
641 Gyrodinium opimum (Schütt 1895) Lebour 1925 (=Gymnodinium opimum Schütt, Gyrodinium contortum (Schütt) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 partim)
642 Gyrodinium ovatum (Gourret 1883) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium ovatum Gourret)
*Gyrodinium ovoideum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (non Gymnodinium ovoideum Okolodkov 1997)
643 Gyrodinium ovum (Schütt 1895) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium ovum Schütt)
644 Gyrodinium parvulum (Schütt 1895) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium parvulum Schütt)
645 Gyrodinium pavillardii Biecheler 1934 (= ?Gymnodinium fissum Levander 1894)
646 Gyrodinium pellucidum (Wulff 1916) Schiller 1933
647 Gyrodinium pepo (Schütt 1895) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium spirale var. pepo Schütt)
648 Gyrodinium phorkorium Norris 1961
649 Gyrodinium pingue (Schütt 1895) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium spirale var. pinguis Schütt, Spirodinium varians Wulff 1916)
*Gyrodinium postmaculatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
650 Gyrodinium prunus (Wulff 1920) Lebour 1925 (=Spirodinium prunus Wulff)
651 Gyrodinium resplendens Hulburt 1957

652 Gyrodinium rubricaudatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
653 Gyrodinium schuettii (Lemmermann 1899) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Spirodinium schuettii Lemmermann, Gymnodinium cornutum Schütt 1895)
654 Gyrodinium spirale (Bergh 1881) Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Gyrodinium spumantia Kofoid et Swezy 1921
655 Gyrodinium striatissimum (Hulburt 1957) G. Hansen et Moestrup 2000 (=G. striatissimum Hulburt,
non Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921) [Daugbjerg et al. (2000)]
*Gyrodinium? striatum (Dodge 1981)? (=Sclerodinium striatum Dodge 1981, Gyrodinium calyptroglyphe sensu Elbrächter 1979)
656 Gyrodinium submarinum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Gyrodinium truncatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
657 Gyrodinium truncus Kofoid et Swezy 1921
658 Gyrodinium undulans Hulburt 1957
659 Gyrodinium varians (Wulff 1916) Schiller 1933 (non Gymnodinium varians Maskel 1887)
660 Gyrodinium vesiculosum J. Larsen 1996 [Larsen (1996)]
661 Gyrodinium virgatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
662 Gyrodinium viridescens Kofoid et Swezy 1921
663 Gyrodinium vorax Biecheler 1952
664 Gyrodinium wulffii Schiller 1933 (non Gymnodinium wulffii Schiller 1933)
665 Gyrodinium zeta J. Larsen 1996 [Larsen (1996)]
24 Karenia G. Hansen et Moestrup 2000 (=Gymnodinium Stein 1878 partim) [Daugbjerg et al. (2000)] (8 species)
666 Karenia bicuneiformis Botes, Sym et Pitcher 2003 [Botes et al. (2003)]
667 Karenia brevis (Davis 1948) G. Hansen et Moestrup 2000 (=Gymnodinium breve Davis, Ptychodiscus brevis (Davis) Steidinger 1979)
[Daugbjerg et al. (2000)]
668 Karenia brevisulcata (F.H. Chang 1999) G. Hansen et Moestrup 2000 (=Gymnodinium brevisulcatum F.H. Chang) [Chang (1999),

Daugbjerg et al. (2000)]
669 Karenia cristata Botes, Sym et Pitcher 2003 [Botes et al. (2003)]
670 Karenia digitata Yang, Takayama, Matsuoka et Hodgkiss 2000 [Yang et al. (2000)]
671 Karenia longicanalis Yang, Hodgkiss et G. Hansen 2001 [Yang et al. (2001)]
672 Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake et Kominami ex Oda 1935) G. Hansen et Moestrup 2000 (=G. nagasakiense Takayama et Adachi 1984,
Gyrodinium aureolum sensu Tangen et Bjornland 1981, non Gyrodinium aureolum Hulbult 1957,
non G. aureolum (Hulbult) G. Hansen 2000) [Hansen et al. (2000)]
673 Karenia umbella de Salas, Bolch et Hallegraeff 2003 [Botes et al. (2003)]
25 Karlodinium J. Larsen 2000 (=Gymnodinium Stein 1878 partim, Gyrodinium Kofoid et Swezy 1921 partim) [Daugbjerg et al. (2000)]
674 Karlodinium micrum (Leadbeater et Dodge 1966) J. Larsen 2000 (=Woloszynskia micra Leadbeater et Dodge,
G. micrum (Leadbeater et Dodge) Loeblich III 1970, G. galatheanum Braarud sensu Kite et Dodge 1988,
Gyrodinium galatheanum (Braarud 1957) F.J.R. Taylor 1992, non Gymnodinium galatheanum Braarud) [Daugbjerg et al. (2000)]
675 Karlodinium veneficum (Ballantine 1956) J. Larsen 2000 (=Gymnodinium veneficum Ballantine 1956) [Daugbjerg et al. (2000)]
676 Karlodinium vitiligo (Ballantine 1956) J. Larsen 2000 (=Gymnodinium vitiligo Ballantine,?K. veneficum (Ballantine) J. Larsen)
[Daugbjerg et al. (2000)]
167
168
GÓMEZ F.
26 Katodinium Fott 1857 (=Massartia Conrad 1926) [some brackish/freshwater species included] (11 species)
677 Katodinium asymmetricum (Massart 1900) Loeblich III 1965 (=Gymnodinium asymmetricum Massart)
678 Katodinium dorsalisulcum Hulburt, McLaughlin et Zahl 1960
679 Katodinium galeatum (Conrad et Kufferath 1954) Loeblich III 1965 (=Massartia galeata Conrad et Kufferath)
680 Katodinium glandula (Herdman 1924) Loeblich III 1965 (=Gymnodinium glandula Herdman)
681 Katodinium glaucum (Lebour 1917) Loeblich III 1965 (=Gyrodinium glaucum (Lebour) Kofoid et Swezy 1921,
Spirodinium glaucum Lebour, Massartia glauca Schiller 1933)
682 Katodinium nieuportense (Conrad 1926) Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1966 (=Massartia nieuportensis Conrad)
683 Katodinium pluristigmatum P.H. Campbell 1973
684 Katodinium ruppiae (Conrad 1939) Loeblich III 1965 (=Massartia ruppiae Conrad)
685 Katodinium thiophilum (Conrad 1939) Loeblich III 1965 (=Massartia thiophila Conrad)
686 Katodinium tubulatum (Rampi 1969) Sournia 1973 (=Massartia tubulata Rampi)
687 Katodinium uncinatum (Kufferath 1957) Loeblich III 1965 (=Massartia uncinata Kufferath)
27 Lepidodinium Watanabe, Suda, Inouye, Sawaguchi et Chihara 1990
688 Lepidodinium viride Watanabe, Suda, Inouye, Sawaguchi et Chihara 1990 (=?Gymnodinium chlorophorum Elbrächter et Schnepf 1996)
*Pavillardia Kofoid et Swezy in Kofoid 1921
*Pavillardia tentaculifera Kofoid et Swezy 1921
28 Pheopolykrikos Chatton 1933 emend. Matsuoka et Fukuyo 1986
689 Pheopolykrikos beauchampii Chatton 1933 (=Polykrikos beauchampii (Chatton) Dodge 1982)
690 Pheopolykrikos hartmannii (Zimmermann 1930) Matsuoka et Fukuyo 1986 (=Polykrikos barnegatensis Martin 1929)
29 Plectodinium Biecheler 1934
691 Plectodinium nucleovolvatum Biecheler 1934 (=Gyrodinium rhabdomante Balech 1973,?Plectodinium miniatum (Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
F.J.R. Taylor 1980, Cochlodinium miniatum Kofoid et Swezy)
30 Takayama de Salas, Bolch, Botes et Hallegraeff 2003 (=Gymnodinium Stein 1878 partim, Gyrodinium Kofoid et Swezy 1921 partim)
[de Salas et al. (2003)] (lacking the ending, i.e. Takayamaea)
692 Takayama acrotrochum (Larsen 1996) de Salas, Bolch et Hallegraeff 2003 (=Gyrodinium acrotrochum Larsen) [J. Larsen (1996),
de Salas et al. (2003)]
693 Takayama cladochroma (J. Larsen 1996) de Salas, Bolch et Hallegraeff 2003 (=Gyrodinium cladochroma Larsen) [J. Larsen (1996),
694 Takayama helix de Salas, Bolch, Botes et Hallegraeff 2003 [de Salas et al. (2003)]
695 Takayama pulchella (J. Larsen 1994) de Salas, Bolch et Hallegraeff 2003 (=Gymnodinium pulchellum Larsen) [J. Larsen (1994),
696 Takayama tasmanica de Salas, Bolch et Hallegraeff 2003 [de Salas et al. (2003)] (published as »tasmanica«, ICBN Art. 23.5 and 32.5)
31 Torodinium Kofoid et Swezy 1921
697 Torodinium robustum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium teredo Schütt 1895 partim)
698 Torodinium teredo (Pouchet 1885) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium teredo Pouchet, Torodinium robustum Kofoid et Swezy 1921 partim)
Polykrikaceae Kofoid et Swezy 1921
32 Polykrikos Bütschli 1873
*Polykrikos grassei Lecal 1972
699 Polykrikos kofoidii Chatton 1914 (=P. schwarzii Kofoid 1907)
700 Polykrikos lebourae Herdman 1924 (=P. schwarzii Herdman 1922)
701 Polykrikos schwartzii Bütschli 1873 (=P. auricularia Bergh 1881)

Ptychodiscaceae Lemmermann 1899
33 Ptychodiscus Stein 1883
702 Ptychodiscus noctiluca Stein 1883 (=P. inflatus Pavillard 1916, P. carinatus Kofoid 1907)
Warnowiaceae Lindemann 1928
34 Erythropsidinium P.C. Silva 1960 (=Erythropsis Hertwig 1884, Pouchetia Schütt 1895 partim)
703 Erythropsidinium agile (Hertwig 1884) P.C. Silva 1960 (=E. agilis Hertwig, E. pavillardii (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 1960,
Erythropsis agilis Pavillard 1905, E. (Erythropsis) hispidum (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 1960, E. (Pouchetia) cornutum (Schütt 1895)
P.C. Silva 1960, E. (Erythropsis) labrum (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 1960, E. (Erythropsis) scarlatinum (Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
P.C. Silva 1960, E. richardii (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 1960)
704 Erythropsidinium cochlea (Schütt 1895) P.C. Silva 1960 (=Pouchetia cochlea Schütt)
705 Erythropsidinium extrudens (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 1960 (=E. extrudens Kofoid et Swezy)
706 Erythropsidinium minus (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) P.C. Silva 1960 (=E. minor Kofoid et Swezy)
*Greuetodinium Loeblich III 1980 (=Leucopsis Greuet 1968)
*Greuetodinium cylindricum (Greuet 1968) Loeblich III 1980 (=Leucopsis cylindrica Greuet)
169
35 Nematodinium Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Pouchetia Schütt 1895)

170
GÓMEZ F.
707 Nematodinium armatum (Dogiel 1906) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=P. armata Dogiel, P. maculata Kofoid et Swezy 1921,
Nematodinium lebourae Schiller 1933)
708 Nematodinium atromaculatum Kofoid 1931 (non Cochlodinium atromaculatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
709 Nematodinium partitum Kofoid et Swezy 1921
710 Nematodinium torpedo Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Nematopsides Greuet 1973
*Nematopsides tentaculoides Greuet 1973
36 Proterythropsis Kofoid et Swezy 1921
711 Proterythropsis crassicaudata Kofoid et Swezy 1921
712 Proterythropsis vigilans Marshall 1925 (=Nematopsides vigilans (Marshall) Greuet 1973)
*Protopsis Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Protopsis elongata Schiller 1928
*Protospis neapolitana Kofoid in Kofoid et Swezy 1921
*Protospis nigra (Pouchet 1887) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium polyphemus var. nigrum Pouchet, Pouchetia nigra Lemmermann 1899)
*Protospis ochrea (Wright 1907) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Pouchetia ochrea Wright)
*Protospis simplex Lebour 1925
37 Warnowia Lindemann 1928 (=Pouchetia Schütt 1895, Protopsis Kofoid et Swezy 1921) (25 species)
713 Warnowia alba (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Lindemann 1928 (=P. alba Kofoid et Swezy)
714 Warnowia atra (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Schiller 1933 (=P. atra Kofoid et Swezy)
715 Warnowia compacta (Schütt 1895) Schiller 1933 (=P. compacta Schütt, P. contorta Schütt 1895)
716 Warnowia dohrnii Zimmermann 1930
717 Warnowia fusus (Schütt 1895) Lindemann 1928 (=P. fusus Schütt)
718 Warnowia hataii (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Schiller 1933 (=P. hataii Kofoid 1931)
719 Warnowia juno (Schütt 1895) Schiller 1933 (=P. juno Schütt, P. nigra Pavillard 1905 partim)
720 Warnowia maculata (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Lindemann 1928 (=P. maculata Kofoid et Swezy 1921,
non Gyrodinium maculatum Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
721 Warnowia maxima (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Lindemann 1928 (=P. maxima Kofoid et Swezy)
722 Warnowia mutsui (Kofoid 1931) Schiller 1933 (=P. mutsui Kofoid)
723 Warnowia panamensis (Kofoid 1907) Schiller 1933 (=P. panamensis Kofoid)
724 Warnowia parva (Lohmann 1908) Lindemann 1928 (=P. parva Lohmann)
725 Warnowia polyphemus (Pouchet 1895) Schiller 1933 (=P. polyphemus (Pouchet) Kofoid et Swezy 1921,
Gymnodinium polyphemus Pouchet, Warnowia pulchra Schiller sensu Greuet 1968)
726 Warnowia pouchetii Schiller 1933 (=P. pouchetii Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
727 Warnowia pulchra (Schiller 1928) Schiller 1933 (=P. pulchra Schiller, non W. pulchra Schiller sensu Greuet 1968)
728 Warnowia purpurata (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Lindemann 1928 (=P. perforata Kofoid et Swezy)
729 Warnowia purpurescens (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Lindemann 1928 (=P. purpurescens Kofoid et Swezy)
730 Warnowia reticulata (Kofoid 1931) Schiller 1933 (=P. reticulata Kofoid)
731 Warnowia rosea (Pouchet 1879) Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium polyphemus var. roseum Pouchet, non P. rosea Schütt 1895)
732 Warnowia rubescens (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Lindemann 1928 (=P. rubescens Kofoid et Swezy)
733 Warnowia schuettii (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Schiller 1933 (=P. rosea Schütt 1895)
734 Warnowia striata (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Schiller 1933 (=P. striata Kofoid et Swezy)
735 Warnowia subnigra (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Schiller 1933 (=P. subnigra Kofoid et Swezy)
736 Warnowia violescens (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Lindemann 1928 (=P. violescens Kofoid et Swezy,

non Gymnodinium violescens Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
737 Warnowia voracis (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Schiller 1933 (=P. voracis Kofoid et Swezy)
Gymnodiniales incertae sedis
38 Ceratoperidinium Margalef 1969
738 Ceratoperidinium yeye Margalef 1969 (=C. margalefii Loeblich III 1980, C. mediterraneum Abboud-Abi Saab 1989) [see Gómez et al. (2004)]
Noctilucales Haeckel 1894
Kofoidiniaceae F.J.R. Taylor 1976
39 Cymbodinium J. Cachon et M. Cachon 1967
739 Cymbodinium elegans J. Cachon et M. Cachon 1967
40 Kofoidinium Pavillard 1928 (5 species)
740 Kofoidinium arcticum Bursa 1964
741 Kofoidinium lebourae (Pavillard 1921) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=Gymnodinium lebourae Pavillard,
G. pseudonoctiluca Lebour 1917,?G. fulgens Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
742 Kofoidinium pavillardii J. Cachon et M. Cachon 1967 (=Gymnodinium pseudonoctiluca Pouchet 1885 partim,
171
non G. pseudonoctiluca Lebour 1917)

172
GÓMEZ F.
743 Kofoidinium splendens J. Cachon et M. Cachon 1967
744 Kofoidinium velelloides Pavillard 1928
41 Pomatodinium J. Cachon et Cachon-Enjumet 1966
745 Pomatodinium impatiens J. Cachon et Cachon-Enjumet 1966
42 Spatulodinium J. Cachon et M. Cachon 1968 (=Gymnodinium Stein 1878 partim)
746 Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet 1885) J. Cachon et M. Cachon ex Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1969 (=G. pseudonoctiluca Pouchet,
G. fulgens Kofoid et Swezy 1921,?Amphidiniopsis urnaeformis Gail 1950)
Leptodiscaceae Kofoid 1905
43 Cachonodinium Loeblich III 1980 (=Leptodinium J. Cachon et M. Cachon 1969)
747 Cachonodinium caudatum (J. Cachon et M. Cachon 1969) Loeblich III 1980 (=Leptodinium caudatum J. Cachon et M. Cachon)
44 Craspedotella Kofoid 1905
748 Craspedotella pileolus Kofoid 1905
45 Leptodiscus Hertwig 1877 (=?Pratjetella Lohmann 1920)
749 Leptodiscus medusoides Hertwig 1877 (=?Pratjetella medusoides (Hertwig) Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1966)
46 Leptophyllus J. Cachon et Cachon-Enjumet 1964 (=Abedinium Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1966)
750 Leptophyllus dasypus J. Cachon et Cachon-Enjumet 1964 (=Abedinium dasypus (J. Cachon et Cachon-Enjumet)
Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1966)
47 Petalodinium J. Cachon et M. Cachon 1969
751 Petalodinium porcelio J. Cachon et M. Cachon 1969
48 Scaphodinium Margalef 1963 (=Leptospathium J. Cachon et Cachon-Enjumet 1964)

752 Scaphodinium mirabile Margalef 1963 (=Leptospathium navicula J. Cachon et Cachon-Enjumet 1964)
Noctilucaceae Saville-Kent 1881
49 Noctiluca Suriray ex Lamarck 1816
753 Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney 1810) Kofoid 1920 (=Noctiluca miliaris Suriray ex Lamarck 1816)
Protodiniferaceae Kofoid et Swezy 1921
50 Pronoctiluca Fabre-Domergue 1889 [no dinokaryotic nucleus, the consideration as a dinoflagellate requires further research]
*Pronoctiluca acuta (Lohmann 1912) Schiller 1933 (=Rhynchomonas acuta Lohmann 1912, R. curvata Lohmann 1921)
754 Pronoctiluca pelagica Fabre-Domergue 1889 (=Rhynchomonas marina Lohmann 1902, Pelagorhynchus marinus Pavillard 1917, =?P. spinifera)
*Pronoctiluca phaeocysticola (Scherffel 1900) Pavillard 1922 (=Oxyrrhis phaeocysticola Scherffel)
*Pronoctiluca rostrata F.J.R. Taylor 1976 [related to Lessardia Saldarriaga et F.J.R. Taylor 2003]
755 Pronoctiluca spinifera (Lohmann 1920) Schiller 1933 (=Protodinifer tentaculata Kofoid et Swezy 1921,?P. pelagica Fabre-Domergue 1889)
Oxyrrhinales Sournia 1984 [the consideration as a dinoflagellate requires further research]
Oxyrrhinaceae Sournia 1984
51 Oxyrrhis Dujardin 1841
756 Oxyrrhis marina Dujardin 1841 (=O. maritima van Meel 1969, O. tentaculifera Conrad 1939)
Peridiniales Haeckel 1894
Amphidomataceae Sournia 1984
52 Amphidoma Stein 1883 (=Pavillardinium De-Toni 1936 partim, Murrayella Kofoid 1907)
757 Amphidoma acuminata Stein 1883
758 Amphidoma caudata Halldal 1953 (=Oxytoxum tonollii Rampi 1969, O. margalefii Rampi 1969)
*Amphidoma curtata Kofoid et Swezy 1911

*Amphidoma depressa Kofoid et Swezy 1911
759 Amphidoma elongata Kofoid et Swezy 1911
*Amphidoma laticincta Kofoid et Swezy 1911
760 Amphidoma nucula Stein 1883 (=A. spinosa (Kofoid 1907) Kofoid et Michener 1911, Gonyaulax rouchii Rampi 1948,
Pavillardinium spinosum (Kofoid 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1967 ex Sournia 1973, Murrayella spinosa Kofoid 1907)
*Amphidoma obtusa Kofoid et Swezy 1911
761 Amphidoma steinii Schiller 1929
Ceratiaceae Kofoid 1907
53 Ceratium Schrank 1793 [the delimitation of species or infraespecific taxa strongly varies among authors] (63 species)
*Ceratium angustum A.S. Campbell 1934
762 Ceratium arcticum (Ehrenberg 1854) Cleve 1901 (=C. labradoricum Vanhöffen 1897, C. tripos var. arctica Claparède et Lachmann 1859)
763 Ceratium arietinum Cleve 1900 (=C. bucephalum (Cleve 1897) Cleve 1901)
*Ceratium aultii Graham et Bronikovsky 1944
*Ceratium axiale Kofoid 1907 (=C. axiale (Kofoid) Karsten 1907)
173
764 Ceratium azoricum Cleve 1900

174
GÓMEZ F.
*Ceratium balechii Meave del Castillo, Okolodkov et Zamudio 2003 [intermediate with Ceratium divaricatum/dens]
[Meave del Castillo et al. (2003)]
765 Ceratium belone Cleve 1900 (=C. pacificum Schröder 1906, non C. pacificum Wood 1963)
766 Ceratium bigelowii Kofoid 1907
767 Ceratium breve (Ostenfeld et Schmidt 1901) Schröder 1906 (=C. tripos var. breve Ostenfeld et Schmidt, C. schmidtii Jørgensen 1911,
C. curvicorne Schmidt 1901)
*Ceratium brevearcuatum Böhm 1976
768 Ceratium brunellii Rampi 1942 (=?C. incisum (Karsten 1905) Jørgensen 1911)
769 Ceratium candelabrum (Ehrenberg 1860) Stein 1883
770 Ceratium carnegiei Graham et Bronikowsky 1944
771 Ceratium carriense Gourret 1883 (=C. massiliense Pavillard 1907, C. volans Cleve 1900, C. hundhausenii Schröder 1906,
non C. volans Pavillard 1905)
772 Ceratium cephalotum (Lemmermann 1900) Jørgensen 1911 (=C. gravidum var. cephalotum Lemmermann)
773 Ceratium compressum Gran 1912 (non C. compressum Gran 1902) [see Balech (1988: 141) for synonymy with C. platycorne Daday 1888]
774 Ceratium concilians Jørgensen 1920
775 Ceratium contortum (Gourret 1883) Cleve 1900 (=C. contortum var. robustum (Karsten 1907) Sournia 1966,
C. karstenii f. robustum (Karsten) Jørgensen 1911, C. karstenii Pavillard 1927 partim, C. longinum (Karsten 1907) Jørgensen 1911,
C. saltans Schröder 1906)
776 Ceratium contrarium (Gourret 1883) Pavillard 1905 (=C. trichoceros var. contrarium (Gourret) Schiller 1937)
777 Ceratium declinatum (Karsten 1907) Jørgensen 1911 (=C. tripos declinatum Karsten)
778 Ceratium deflexum (Kofoid 1907) Jørgensen 1911 (=C. californiense Karsten 1907, C. recurvatum Schröder 1906,
C. deflexum var. recurvatum (Schröder) Jørgensen 1911)
779 Ceratium dens Ostenfeld et Schmidt 1901 (non C. tripos var. ponticum, non C. divaricatum) [see C. divaricatum]
780 Ceratium digitatum Schütt 1895
781 Ceratium divaricatum (Lemmermann 1900) Kofoid 1908 (=C. tripos var. divaricatum Lemmermann) [confused with C. dens]
*Ceratium egyptiacum Halim 1963 (=?C. tripos var. pulchellum (Schröder 1906) López 1966 ex Sournia 1973)
*Ceratium ehrenbergii Kofoid 1907 (=?C. pentagonum Gourret 1883)
782 Ceratium euarcuatum Jørgensen 1920 (=C. arcuatum Pavillard 1905, non C. arcuatum Cleve 1900)
783 Ceratium extensum (Gourret 1883) Cleve 1901 (=C. strictum Kofoid 1907, C. biceps Claparède et Lachmann 1859,
C. strictum (Okamura et Nishikawa 1904) Kofoid 1907, C. extensum f. strictum Okamura et Nishikawa)
784 Ceratium falcatiforme Jørgensen 1920 (=C. inflatum falcatiforme Peters 1934)
785 Ceratium falcatum (Kofoid 1907) Jørgensen 1920 (=C. inflatum falcatum Peters 1934)
*Ceratium filicorne Steemann Nielsen 1934
786 Ceratium furca (Ehrenberg 1834) Claparède et Lachmann 1859 (=C. biceps Claparède et Lachmann 1859)
787 Ceratium fusus (Ehrenberg 1834) Dujardin 1841 (=C. seta (Ehrenberg 1859) Jørgensen 1911)
788 Ceratium geniculatum (Lemmermann 1900) Cleve 1911 (=C. tricarinatum Kofoid 1907)
789 Ceratium gibberum Gourret 1883
790 Ceratium gravidum Gourret 1883
791 Ceratium hexacanthum Gourret 1883 (=C. reticulatum (Pouchet 1883) Cleve 1903)
792 Ceratium hircus Schröder 1909 (=C. furca var. hircus (Schröder) Margalef 1961)
793 Ceratium horridum (Cleve 1897) Gran 1902 (=C. tripos var. horridum Cleve, C. intermedium (Jørgensen 1905) Jørgensen 1911,
C. claviger Kofoid 1907, C. tenue (Ostenfeld et Schmidt 1901) Jørgensen 1911, C. inclinatum Kofoid 1907, C. tenuissimum Kofoid 1907,
C. mollis Kofoid 1907, C. batavum Paulsen 1908, C. leptosomum Jørgensen 1911)
794 Ceratium humile Jørgensen 1911

795 Ceratium incisum (Karsten 1906) Jørgensen 1911 (=?C. brunellii Rampi 1942)
796 Ceratium inflatum (Kofoid 1907) Jørgensen 1911 (=C. nipponicum Okamura 1912, C. pennatum f. inflata Kofoid 1907)
797 Ceratium karstenii Pavillard 1907 (=C. arcuatum (Gourret 1883) Cleve 1900)
798 Ceratium kofoidii Jørgensen 1911 (=C. boehmii Graham et Bronikovsky 1944)
*Ceratium lanceolatum Kofoid 1907
799 Ceratium limulus Gourret 1883 (=C. tripos var. limulus Gourret in Pouchet 1883)
800 Ceratium lineatum (Ehrenberg 1854) Cleve 1899
801 Ceratium longipes (Bailey 1850) Gran 1902
802 Ceratium longirostrum Gourret 1883 (=C. scapiforme Kofoid 1907, C. pennatum var. scapiforme (Kofoid) Jørgensen 1911)
803 Ceratium longissimum (Schröder 1900) Kofoid 1907
804 Ceratium lunula (Schimper ex Karsten 1905) Jørgensen 1911 (=C. tripos lunula Schimper in Karsten, C. arcuatum Okamura et Nishikawa 1904)
805 Ceratium macroceros (Ehrenberg 1840) Vanhöffen 1897 (=C. californiense Kofoid 1907)
806 Ceratium massiliense (Gourret 1883) Jørgensen 1911 (=C. ostenfeldii Kofoid 1907, C. protuberans (Karsten 1905) Paulsen 1930,
C. undulatum Schröder 1906)
175
807 Ceratium minutum Jørgensen 1920

176
GÓMEZ F.
*Ceratium pacificum Wood 1963 (non C. pacificum Schröder 1906)
808 Ceratium paradoxides Cleve 1900
809 Ceratium pavillardii Jørgensen 1911 (=C. vultur Pavillard 1905, non C. vultur Cleve 1900)
810 Ceratium pentagonum Gourret 1883 (=C. subrobustum (Jørgensen) Steemann Nielsen 1934)
811 Ceratium petersii Steemann Nielsen 1934
812 Ceratium platycorne Daday 1888 (=C. lamellicorne Kofoid 1908) [see Balech (1988: 141) for synonymy with C. compressum Gran 1902/1912)]
813 Ceratium praeolongum (Lemmermann 1900) Kofoid 1907 ex Jørgensen 1911 (=C. gravidum var. praelongum Lemmermann)
814 Ceratium pulchellum Schröder 1906
*Ceratium ramakrishnii Subrahmanyan 1968 (=?C. trichoceros (Ehrenberg 1860) Kofoid 1908)
815 Ceratium ranipes Cleve 1900 (=C. palmatum (Schröder 1901) Schröder 1906)
816 Ceratium reflexum Cleve 1900
817 Ceratium schrankii Kofoid 1907
818 Ceratium schroeteri Schröder 1906
819 Ceratium setaceum Jørgensen 1911
820 Ceratium symmetricum Pavillard 1905 (=C. coarctatum Pavillard 1905, C. gracile (Gourret 1883) Jørgensen 1911)
*Ceratium tasmaniae Wood 1963
821 Ceratium teres Kofoid 1907
822 Ceratium trichoceros (Ehrenberg 1860) Kofoid 1908 (=C. flagelliferum Cleve 1900)
823 Ceratium tripos (O.F. Müller 1777) Nitzsch 1817 (=C. schroederi Nie 1936, C. neglectum Ostenfeld 1903,
C. tripodioides (Jørgensen 1920) Steemann Nielsen 1934)

*Ceratium uncinus Sournia 1972
*Ceratium uteri A.S. Campbell 1934
824 Ceratium vultur Cleve 1900 (=C. sumatranum (Karsten 1907) Jørgensen 1911, C. recurvum (Jørgensen) Reinecke 1973,
non C. vultur Pavillard 1905, C. japonicum Schröder 1906, C. vultur f. japonicum (Schröder) Wood 1955)
Ceratocorythaceae Lindemann 1928
54 Ceratocorys Stein 1883 (12 species)
825 Ceratocorys anacantha Carbonell-Moore 1996 [Carbonell-Moore (1996a)]
826 Ceratocorys armata (Schütt 1895) Kofoid 1910 (=C. spinifera Murray et Whitting 1899, Goniodoma fimbriatum Murray et Whitting 1899)
827 Ceratocorys aultii Graham 1942
828 Ceratocorys bipes (Cleve 1903) Kofoid 1910 (=C. asymmetrica Karsten 1907)
829 Ceratocorys gourretii Paulsen 1931 (=C. allenii Osorio-Tafall 1942, Phalacroma jourdanii (Gourret 1883) Schütt 1895)
830 Ceratocorys grahamii Carbonell-Moore 1996 [Carbonell-Moore (1996a)]
831 Ceratocorys horrida Stein 1883 (=C. hirsuta Matzenauer 1933, Dinophysis jourdanii Gourret 1883)
832 Ceratocorys indica Wood 1963
833 Ceratocorys kofoidii Paulsen 1931 [probably C. gourretii Paulsen 1931]
834 Ceratocorys magna Kofoid 1910 (=C. spinifera Murray et Whitting 1899 partim)
835 Ceratocorys reticulata Graham 1942 [resembles C. armata (Schütt 1895) Kofoid 1910]
836 Ceratocorys skogsbergii Graham 1942
Cladopyxidaceae Poche 1913
Cladopyxidaceae Stein 1883 emend. Balech 1967
55 Cladopyxis Stein 1883 (=Micracanthodinium Deflandre 1937 partim)

837 Cladopyxis brachiolata Stein 1883 (=C. spinosa (Kofoid 1907) Schiller 1937, C. steinii Zacharias 1906)
838 Cladopyxis caryophyllum (Kofoid 1907) Pavillard 1931 (=Acanthodinium caryophyllum Kofoid)
839 Cladopyxis hemibranchiata Balech 1964
*Cladopyxis quadrispina Pavillard 1931 (=Micracanthodinium quadrispinum (Pavillard) Margalef 1969)
56 Micracanthodinium Deflandre 1937 (=Cladopyxis Stein 1883 partim) [thecal plates not reported]
840 Micracanthodinium bacilliferum (Schiller 1937) Deflandre 1937 (=C. bacillifera Schiller)
841 Micracanthodinium claytonii (R.W. Holmes 1956) Dodge 1982 (=C. claytonii R.W. Holmes)
842 Micracanthodinium setiferum (Lohmann 1902) Deflandre 1937 (=C. setifera Lohmann)
57 Palaeophalacroma Schiller 1928
843 Palaeophalacroma connectens (Nie 1945) Loeblich III 1980 (=Sinodinium connectens Nie)
844 Palaeophalacroma unicinctum Schiller 1928 (=Heterodinium detonii Rampi 1943, Epiperidinium michaelsarsii Gaarder 1954)
845 Palaeophalacroma sphaericum F.J.R. Taylor 1976
846 Palaeophalacroma verrucosum Schiller 1928
58 Peridiniella Kofoid et Michener 1911 emend. Balech 1977
177
847 Peridiniella catenata (Levander 1894) Balech 1977 (=Gonyaulax catenata (Levander) Kofoid 1911,
Peridinium catenatum Levander, Amylax catenata Meunier 1910)
178
GÓMEZ F.
848 Peridiniella danica (Paulsen 1907) Okolodkov et Dogde 1995 (=Glenodinium danicum Paulsen 1907 ex Braarud 1935 partim)
[Okolodkov and Dogde (1995)]
849 Peridiniella sphaeroidea Kofoid et Michener 1911
Crypthecodiniaceae Biecheler ex Chatton 1952
59 Crypthecodinium Biecheler 1938
850 Crypthecodinium cohnii (Seligo 1886) Chatton in Grassé 1952 (=Glenodinium cohnii Seligo in Cohn 1887,
Gyrodinium cohnii (Seligo) Schiller 1933, C. setense Biecheler 1938, Gymnodinium fucorum Küster 1908,
Gyrodinium fucorum (Küster) Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
Goniodomataceae Lindemann 1928
60 Gambierdiscus Adachi et Fukuyo 1979 (6 species)
851 Gambierdiscus australes Chinain et Faust 1999 [Chinain et al. (1999)] (A suffix is lacking in the epithet, »australesanus« or »australesensis«)
852 Gambierdiscus belizeanus Faust 1995 [Faust (1995)] (the epithet »belizianus« is orthographically correct, ICBN Art. 60.1)
853 Gambierdiscus pacificus Chinain et Faust 1999 [Chinain et al. (1999)]
854 Gambierdiscus polynesiensis Chinain et Faust 1999 [Chinain et al. (1999)]
855 Gambierdiscus toxicus Adachi et Fukuyo 1979
856 Gambierdiscus yasumotoi M.J. Holmes 1998 [Holmes (1998)]
61 Goniodoma Stein 1883 (=Triadinium Dodge 1981, Heteraulacus Diesing 1850 partim)
857 Goniodoma acuminatum (Ehrenberg 1838) Stein 1883 (=Peridinium acuminatum Ehrenberg, non Peridinium polyedricum Pouchet 1883)
*Goniodoma crassum Kofoid et Michener 1911
858 Goniodoma polyedricum (Pouchet 1883) Jørgensen 1899 (=Peridinium polyedricum Pouchet, Triadinium polyedricum (Pouchet) Dodge 1981,
Goniodoma acuminata Stein 1883 partim, non Peridinium acuminatum Ehrenberg 1838)
859 Goniodoma sphaericum Murray et Whitting 1899 (=Triadinium sphaericum (Murray et Whitting) Dodge 1981,
Heteraulacus sphaericum (Murray et Whitting) Loeblich III 1970)
62 Pyrodinium Plate 1906
860 Pyrodinium bahamense Plate 1906 (=P. bahamense Plate 1906 var. bahamense/ var. compressum (Böhm 1931) Steidinger,
Tester et F.J.R. Taylor 1980,
P. bahamense f. compressa Böhm 1931, P. schilleri (Matzenauer 1933) Schiller 1935, Gonyaulax schilleri Matzenauer 1933)
*Pyrodinium phoneus Woloszyn bska et Conrad 1939 (=Gonyaulax phoenus (Woloszyn bska et Conrad) F.J.R. Taylor 1975,
=?Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Balech et Tangen, Gonyaulax phoneus (Woloszyn bska et Conrad) Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1975)
Gonyaulacaceae Lindemann 1928

63 Alexandrium Halim emend. Balech 1989 (=Gonyaulax Diesing 1866 partim, Protogonyaulax F.J.R. Taylor 1976,
Gessnerium Halim 1967 ex Halim 1969, Goniodoma Stein 1883 partim) (28 species)
861 Alexandrium acatenella (Whedon et Kofoid 1936) Balech 1985 (=G. acatenella Whedon et Kofoid,
Protogonyaulax acatenella (Whedon et Kofoid) F.J.R. Taylor 1979)
862 Alexandrium affine (Inoue et Fukuyo 1985) Balech 1985 (=A. fukuyoi Balech 1985, Protogonyaulax affinis Inoue et Fukuyo)
[related to A. concavum]
863 Alexandrium andersonii Balech 1990
864 Alexandrium balechii (Steidinger 1971) Balech 1995 (=G. balechii Steidinger) [Balech (1995)]
865 Alexandrium camurascutulum MacKenzie et Todd 2002 [MacKenzie and Todd (2002)]
866 Alexandrium catenella (Whedon et Kofoid 1936) Balech 1985 (=G. catenella Whedon et Kofoid 1936, G. washingtonensis Hsu 1967)
867 Alexandrium cohorticula (Balech 1967) Balech 1985 (=G. cohorticula Balech)
868 Alexandrium compressum (Fukuyo, Yoshida et Inoue 1985) Balech 1995 (=Protogonyaulax compressa Fukuyo, Yoshida et Inoue) [Balech (1995)]
869 Alexandrium concavum (Gaarder 1942) Balech 1985 (=Goniodoma concavum Gaarder, Gonyaulax concava sensu Balech 1967) [related to A. affine]

870 Alexandrium depressum (Gaarder 1954) Balech et Tangen 1985 (=Goniodoma depressum Gaarder, Gonyaulax depressum (Gaarder) Balech 1979)
871 Alexandrium foedum Balech 1990
872 Alexandrium fraterculus (Balech 1964) Balech 1985 (=G. fratercula Balech)
873 Alexandrium fundyense Balech 1985 (=G. excavata (Braarud 1945) Balech 1971 sensu L.A. Loeblich et Loeblich III 1975, non Balech 1971)
874 Alexandrium hiranoi Kita et Fukuyo 1988 (=Goniodoma pseudogoniaulax Biecheler sensu Kita et al. 1985)
875 Alexandrium insuetum Balech 1985
876 Alexandrium kutnerae (Balech 1979) Balech 1985 (=G. kutnerae Balech)
877 Alexandrium leei Balech 1985
878 Alexandrium margalefii Balech 1994 [Balech (1994b)]
879 Alexandrium minutum Halim 1960 (=A. ibericum Balech 1985, A. lusitanicum Balech 1985, A. angustitabulatum F.J.R.Taylor in Balech 1995)
880 Alexandrium monilatum (Howell 1953) Balech 1985 (=G. monilata Howell, Gessnerium mochimaensis Halim 1967 ex Halim 1969)
881 Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Paulsen 1904) Balech et Tangen 1985 (=Goniodoma ostenfeldii Paulsen,
Gonyaulax ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Paulsen 1949, Protogonyaulax ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Fraga et Sánchez 1985,
Heteraulacus ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Loeblich III 1970, Gessnerium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Loeblich III et L.A. Loeblich,
179
180
GÓMEZ F.
Triadinium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Dodge in Parke et Dodge 1976, G. globosa (Braarud 1945) Balech,
Protogonyaulax globosa (Braarud) F.J.R. Taylor 1976,?Gonyaulax trygvei Dodge in Parke et Dodge 1976)
882 Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech et Mendiola 1977) Balech et Tangen 1985 (=G. peruviana Balech et Mendiola)
883 Alexandrium pseudogoniaulax (Biecheler 1952) Horiguchi 1983 ex Kita et Fukuyo 1992 (=Goniodoma pseudogoniaulax Biecheler,
non »pseudogonyaulax«)
884 Alexandrium satoanum Yuki et Fukuyo 1992 (For the epithets commemorating persons, substantive epithets »satoi« are more commonly
applied than adjectival epithets, ICBN Art. 60.11)
885 Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour 1925) Balech 1985 (=G. tamarensis Lebour, A. excavatum (Braarud 1945) Balech et Tangen 1985)
886 Alexandrium tamiyavanichii Balech 1994 (=A. cohorticula (Balech 1967) Balech 1985 sensu Ogata et al. 1990, non Balech 1985,
Protogonyaulax cohorticula (Balech) F.J.R. Taylor 1979) [Balech (1994b)]
887 Alexandrium taylorii Balech 1994 [Balech (1994b)]
888 Alexandrium tropicale Balech 1985 (=Gonyaulax excavata (Braarud 1945) Balech 1971)
64 Amylax Meunier 1910 (=Gonyaulax Diesing 1866 partim)
889 Amylax buxus (Balech 1967) Dodge 1989 (=Gonyaulax buxus Balech)
890 Amylax triacantha (Jørgensen 1899) Sournia 1984 (=G. triacantha Jørgensen, G. hyperborea (Cleve 1900) Paulsen 1903,
Amylax lata Meunier 1910)
*Amylax verrucosa Rampi 1943
65 Gonyaulax Diesing 1866 (=Amylax Meunier 1910 partim) [taxonomic junior of Spiniferites Mantell 1850] (60 species)
891 Gonyaulax acuta Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=?G. birostris Stein 1883)
892 Gonyaulax africana Schiller 1929
893 Gonyaulax alaskensis Kofoid 1911

894 Gonyaulax apiculata (Pénard 1891) Entz 1904 (=G. apiculata var. clevei Ostenfeld 1908)
895 Gonyaulax areolata Kofoid et Michener 1911
896 Gonyaulax baltica Ellegaard, J. Lewis et Harding 2002 [Ellegaard et al. (2002)]
897 Gonyaulax birostris Stein 1883 (=G. glyptorhynchus Murray et Whitting 1899, G. highlei Murray et Whitting 1899)
*Gonyaulax bispinosa Kofoid et Michener 1911
898 Gonyaulax borealis Nordli 1951
899 Gonyaulax braarudii Hasle 1960
900 Gonyaulax brevisulcata P. Dangeard 1927 (=G. paulsenii Gaarder 1954)
901 Gonyaulax bruunii F.J.R. Taylor 1976 [close to G. taylorii Carbonell-Moore 1996]
902 Gonyaulax ceratocoroides Kofoid 1910 (=Ceratocorys spinifera Murray et Whitting 1899,
Acanthogonyaulax spinifera (Murray et Whitting) Graham 1942)
903 Gonyaulax cochlea Meunier 1919
*Gonyaulax conjuncta Wood 1954
*Gonyaulax dangeardii (P. Dangeard 1927) Schiller 1935 (=G. pavillardii P. Dangeard 1927, non G. pavillardii Kofoid et Michener 1911)
904 Gonyaulax diegensis Kofoid 1911
905 Gonyaulax digitalis (Pouchet 1883) Kofoid 1911 (=Protoperidinium digitale Pouchet, Peridinium digitale Lemmermann 1899)
906 Gonyaulax dimorpha Biecheler 1952 [resembles Alexandrium peruvianus (Balech et Mendiola 1977) Balech et Tangen 1985]
907 Gonyaulax elegans Rampi 1951
908 Gonyaulax elongata (Reid 1974) Ellegaard, Daugbjerg, Rochon, J. Lewis et Harding 2003 (=Spiniferites elongatus Reid) [Ellegaard et al. (2003)]
909 Gonyaulax expansa Kofoid et Michener 1911 [probably G. birostris Stein 1883]
910 Gonyaulax fragilis (Schütt 1895) Kofoid 1911 (=Steiniella fragilis Schütt)
911 Gonyaulax fusiformis Graham 1942 (non G. birostris Stein 1883, non G. joliffei Murray et Whitting 1899)

912 Gonyaulax globosa (Braarud 1945) Balech 1971 (=G. tamarensis Lebour var. globosa Braarud,?G. trygvei Parke in Parke et Dodge 1976)
*Gonyaulax grabrielae Schiller 1935
913 Gonyaulax gracilis Schiller 1935
914 Gonyaulax helensis Woloszyn bska 1928
915 Gonyaulax hyalina Ostenfeld et Schmidt 1901
*Gonyaulax inclinata Kofoid et Michener 1911
916 Gonyaulax inflata (Kofoid 1907) Kofoid 1911 (=G. pavillardii P. Dangeard 1927, non G. pavillardii (P. Dangeard) Schiller 1935)
917 Gonyaulax kofoidii Pavillard 1909 [related to G. pacifica Kofoid 1907]
918 Gonyaulax lebourae Balech 1979 (=G. orientalis Lindemann 1924 sec Lebour 1925, non G. orientalis Lindemann,
Goniodoma orientale (Lindemann) Balech 1979)
919 Gonyaulax ligustica Rampi 1951
*Gonyaulax loculata Meunier 1919
*Gonyaulax longicornu P.H. Campbell 1973
920 Gonyaulax macroporus Mangin 1922
181
182
GÓMEZ F.
*Gonyaulax matkovichii Schiller 1929
921 Gonyaulax membranacea (Rossignol 1964) Ellegaard, Daugbjerg, Rochon, J. Lewis et Harding 2003
(=Hystrichosphaera furcata var. membranacea Rossignol) [Ellegaard et al. (2003)]
922 Gonyaulax milneri (Murray et Whitting 1899) Kofoid 1911
923 Gonyaulax minuta Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=G. minima Matzenauer 1933)
924 Gonyaulax monacantha Pavillard 1916
925 Gonyaulax monospina Rampi 1951
926 Gonyaulax nigricans (Schiller 1937) Balech 1988 (=Melanodinium nigricans Schiller)
927 Gonyaulax nivicola (Meunier 1910) Kofoid 1911
928 Gonyaulax obliqua Lemmernann 1899
929 Gonyaulax orientalis Lindemann 1924 (=Goniodoma orientale (Lindemann) Balech 1979,
Triadinium orientale (Lindemann) Dodge 1981, G. lebourae Balech 1980 partim, non G. orientalis sensu Lebour 1925)
930 Gonyaulax ovalis Schiller 1929 (=?G. ovata Matzenauer 1933)
931 Gonyaulax ovata Matzenauer 1933
932 Gonyaulax parva Ramsfjell 1959
933 Gonyaulax pacifica Kofoid 1907 (=Steiniella cornuta Karsten 1907, Pavillardinium brianii (Rampi 1941) Sournia 1973,?G. kofoidii Pavillard 1909]
*Gonyaulax paucula Kofoid et Michener 1911
934 Gonyaulax pavillardii Kofoid et Michener 1911 (non G. pavillardii P. Dangeard 1927)
935 Gonyaulax perpusilla (Meunier 1910) Kofoid 1911
936 Gonyaulax polygramma Stein 1883 (=G. schuettii Lemmermann 1899, non Gonyaulax polygramma Meunier 1910)
937 Gonyaulax reticulata Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=G. polygramma sensu F.J.R. Taylor 1962)
938 Gonyaulax rostratum P. Dangeard 1927, “? rostrata”
939 Gonyaulax rotundata Rampi 1951
*Gonyaulax rugosa Wailes 1928
940 Gonyaulax scrippsae Kofoid 1911
*Gonyaulax senta Kofoid et Michener 1911
941 Gonyaulax sousae Balech 1959
942 Gonyaulax subulata Kofoid et Michener 1911 (non G. subulata sensu F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
943 Gonyaulax sphaeroidea Kofoid 1911 (=G. globosum Schiller 1929)
944 Gonyaulax spinifera (Claparède et Lachmann 1859) Diesing 1866 (=G. levanderi (Lemmermann) Paulsen 1907, non G. spinifera Stein 1883)
945 Gonyaulax striata Mangin 1922
946 Gonyaulax taylorii Carbonell-Moore 1996 (=G. monacantha var. minor sensu Balech 1971) [Carbonell-Moore (1996b)]
947 Gonyaulax trottii Rampi 1951
948 Gonyaulax turbynei Murray et Whitting 1899
949 Gonyaulax unicornis Lebour 1925
950 Gonyaulax verior Sournia 1973 (=Amylax diacantha Meunier 1919, G. diacantha sensu Schiller 1937, G. longispina Lebour 1925)
66 Lingulodinium Wall 1967 emend. Dodge 1989
951 Lingulodinium milneri (Murray et Whitting 1899) Dodge 1989 (=Gonyaulax milneri (Murray et Whitting) Kofoid 1911)
952 Lingulodinium polyedra (Stein 1883) Dodge 1989 (=Gonyaulax polyedra Stein 1883) [reported frequently as »polyedrum«]
67 Protoceratium Bergh 1881 (=Gonyaulax Diesing 1866 partim)
*Protoceratium aculeatum (Stein 1883) Schiller 1937 (=Clathrocysta aculeata Stein)
953 Protoceratium areolatum Kofoid 1907

*Protoceratium cancellorum Kofoid et Michener 1911
*Protoceratium globosum Kofoid et Michener 1911
954 Protoceratium pepo Kofoid et Michener 1911
*Protoceratium promissum Kofoid et Michener 1911
955 Protoceratium reticulatum (Claparède et Lachmann 1859) Bütschli 1885 (=G. grindleyi Reinecke 1967,
Protoceratium aceros Bergh 1881, Peridiniopsis reticulata (Claparède et Lachmann) Starmach 1974)
956 Protoceratium spinulosum (Murray et Whitting 1899) Schiller 1937
*Protoceratium splendens Meunier 1910 (=?P. reticulatum (Claparède et Lachmann 1859) Bütschli 1885)
Heterocapsaceae Fensome et al. 1993
68 Heterocapsa Stein 1883 emend. Iwataki et Fukuyo 2002 (=Cachonina Loeblich III 1968) [Iwataki (2002)] (12 species)
957 Heterocapsa arctica Horiguchi 1997 [Horiguchi (1997)]
*Heterocapsa chattonii (Biecheler 1952) P.H. Campbell 1973 (=Peridinium chattonii Biecheler)
958 Heterocapsa circularisquama Horiguchi 1995 [Horiguchi (1995b)]
959 Heterocapsa illdefina (Herman et Sweeney 1976) Morrill et Loeblich III 1981 (=Cachonina illdefina Herman et Sweeney)
183
184
GÓMEZ F.
960 Heterocapsa horiguchii Iwataki, Takayama et Matsuoka 2002 [Iwataki et al. (2002)]
961 Heterocapsa lanceolata Iwataki et Fukuyo 2002 [Iwataki et al. (2002)]
*Heterocapsa kollmeriana M.J. Swift et McLaughlin 1970 [freshwater]
962 Heterocapsa minima Pomroy 1989
963 Heterocapsa niei (Loeblich III 1968) Morrill et Loeblich III 1981
964 Heterocapsa orientalis Iwataki et Fukuyo 2003 [Iwataki et al. (2003)]
965 Heterocapsa ovata Iwataki et Fukuyo 2003 [Iwataki et al. (2003)]
*Heterocapsa pacifica Kofoid 1907
*Heterocapsa pseudotriquetra Iwataki, G. Hansen et Fukuyo 2002 [described in a PhD, Iwataki (2002)]
966 Heterocapsa pygmaea Loeblich III, R.J. Schmidt et Sherley 1981 (=Cachonina pygmaea (Loeblich III, R.J. Schmidt et Sherley 1981) Sournia 1984)
*Heterocapsa quinquecuspidata Massart 1920 (=?Peridiniopsis cunningtonii Lemmermann 1907)
967 Heterocapsa rotundata (Lohmann 1908) G. Hansen 1995 (=Amphidinium rotundatum Lohmann 1911, A. pellucidum Redeke 1935,
Gymnodinium minutum Lebour 1925, Massartia rotundata (Lohmann) Schiller 1933,
Katodinium rotundatum (Lohmann) Loeblich III 1965, Katodinium redekei (Conrad et Kufferath 1954) Loeblich III 1965,
Katodinium minutum (Lebour) Sournia 1973) [Hansen (1995)]
968 Heterocapsa triquetra (Ehrenberg 1840) Stein 1883 (=Glenodinium triquetrum Ehrenberg,
Peridinium triquetrum (Ehrenberg) Lebour 1925, Properidinium heterocapsa (Stein) Meunier 1919)
*Heterocapsa umbilicata Stein 1883
Heterodiniaceae Lindemann 1928
69 Heterodinium Kofoid 1906 (=Peridinium Ehrenberg 1830 partim) (42 species)

969 Heterodinium agassizii Kofoid 1907
970 Heterodinium angulatum Kofoid et Michener 1911
971 Heterodinium asymmetricum Kofoid et Adamson 1933
972 Heterodinium australiae Wood 1963
973 Heterodinium balechii Rampi 1951
974 Heterodinium blackmanii (Murray et Whitting 1899) Kofoid 1906 (=H. curvatum Kofoid 1907)
*Heterodinium calvum Kofoid 1907
975 Heterodinium crassipes Schiller 1916
976 Heterodinium debeauxii Rampi 1941
977 Heterodinium deformatum (Kofoid 1907) Kofoid et Adamson 1933 (=H. gesticulatum f. deformata Kofoid 1907)
978 Heterodinium dispar Kofoid et Adamson 1933
979 Heterodinium doma (Murray et Whitting 1899) Kofoid 1906
980 Heterodinium dubium Rampi 1941
981 Heterodinium elongatum Kofoid et Michener 1911
982 Heterodinium expansum Kofoid 1907
983 Heterodinium extremum (Kofoid 1907) Kofoid et Adamson 1933 (=H. gesticulatum f. extrema Kofoid 1907)
984 Heterodinium fenestratum Kofoid 1907
985 Heterodinium fides Kofoid 1907
986 Heterodinium gesticulatum Kofoid 1907 (=Peridinium tristylum Hensen 1911)
987 Heterodinium globosum Kofoid 1907 (=?H. gracile Böhm 1936)
988 Heterodinium gracile Böhm 1936 (=?H. globosum Kofoid 1907)
989 Heterodinium grahamii Rampi 1941

990 Heterodinium hindmarchii (Murray et Whitting 1899) Kofoid 1906
991 Heterodinium inaequale (Kofoid 1906) Schiller 1937 (=H. laticinctum Kofoid 1907, H. kofoidii Pavillard 1915)
992 Heterodinium kofoidii Pavillard 1915 (=H. pavillardii Kofoid et Adamson 1933, non H. kofoidii Schiller 1916=H. schilleri Pavillard 1932)
*Heterodinium laeve Kofoid et Michener 1911
993 Heterodinium laticeps Léger 1972
994 Heterodinium leiorhynchum (Murray et Whitting 1899) Kofoid 1906
*Heterodinium lineatum Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=Dolichodinium lineatum (Kofoid et Michener) Kofoid et Adamson 1933)
995 Heterodinium mediocre (Kofoid 1907) Kofoid et Adamson 1933 (=H. gesticulatum f. mediocris Kofoid,?H. sinistrum Kofoid et Adamson 1933)
996 Heterodinium mediterraneum Pavillard 1932
997 Heterodinium milneri (Murray et Whitting 1899) Kofoid 1906
998 Heterodinium minutum Kofoid et Michener 1911
999 Heterodinium murrayi Kofoid 1906 (=Peridinium tripos Murray et Whitting 1899)
1000 Heterodinium obesum Kofoid 1907
*Heterodinium praetextum Kofoid 1907
185
186
GÓMEZ F.
1001 Heterodinium rigdenae Kofoid 1906 (=H. longum Kofoid 1907)
1002 Heterodinium schilleri Pavillard 1932 (=H. kofoidii Schiller 1916, non H. kofoidii Pavillard 1915=H. pavillardii Kofoid et Adamson 1933)
1003 Heterodinium scottii Kofoid et Adamson 1933
1004 Heterodinium scrippsii Kofoid 1906 (=H. richardii Pavillard 1932, H. pulchrum Böhm 1933, Peridinium areolatum Karsten 1906)
1005 Heterodinium sinistrum Kofoid et Adamson 1933 (=H. sinistrum f. sinistrum (Kofoid et Adamson 1933) Schiller 1936)
1006 Heterodinium sphaeroideum Kofoid 1906
*Heterodinium spiniferum Kofoid et Michener 1911
1007 Heterodinium superbum Kofoid 1907
1008 Heterodinium trirostre (Murray et Whitting 1899) Kofoid 1906
1009 Heterodinium varicator Kofoid et Adamson 1933
1010 Heterodinium whittingae Kofoid 1906
Ostreopsidaceae Lindemann 1928
70 Coolia Meunier 1919 (=Ostreopsis Schmidt 1901 partim)
1011 Coolia areolata Ten-Hage, Turquet, Quod et Couté 2000 [Ten-Hage et al. (2000a)]
1012 Coolia monotis Meunier 1919 (=Ostreopsis monotis (Meunier) Lindemann 1928, Glenodinium monotis (Meunier) Biecheler 1952)
1013 Coolia tropicalis Faust 1995 [Faust (1995)]
71 Ostreopsis Schmidt 1901
1014 Ostreopsis belizeana Faust 1999 [Faust (1999)] (published as »belizeanum«, ICBN Art. 23.5 and 32.5; »beliziana« is orthographically
correct, ICBN Art. 60.1)
1015 Ostreopsis caribbeana Faust 1999 [Faust (1999)]

(published as »caribbeanus«, ICBN Art. 23.5 and 32.5; »caribeana« is orthographically correct, ICBN Art. 60.1)
1016 Ostreopsis heptagona Norris, Bomber et Balech 1985
1017 Ostreopsis labens Faust et Morton 1995 [Faust and Morton (1995)]
1018 Ostreopsis lenticularis Fukuyo 1981
1019 Ostreopsis marina Faust 1999 [Faust (1999)] (published as »marinus«, ICBN Art. 23.5 and 32.5)
1020 Ostreopsis mascarenensis Quod 1994 [Quod (1994)]
1021 Ostreopsis ovata Fukuyo 1981
1022 Ostreopsis siamensis Schmidt 1901
Oxytoxaceae Lindemann 1928

72 Amphidiniopsis Woloszyñska 1929 (=Thecadinium Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 partim) (11 species)
1023 Amphidiniopsis arenaria Hoppenrath 2000 [Hoppenrath (2000e)]
1024 Amphidiniopsis cristata Hoppenrath 2000 [Hoppenrath (2000e)]
1025 Amphidiniopsis dentata Hoppenrath 2000 [Hoppenrath (2000e)]
1026 Amphidiniopsis galericulata Hoppenrath 2000 [Hoppenrath (2000e)]
1027 Amphidiniopsis hexagona Yoshimatsu, Toriumi et Dodge 2000 [Yoshimatsu et al. (2000)]
1028 Amphidiniopsis hirsuta (Balech 1956) Dodge 1982 (=Thecadinium hirsutum Balech)
1029 Amphidiniopsis kofoidii Woloszyn bska 1929 (non Thecadinium kofoidii (Herdman 1923) J. Larsen 1985)
1030 Amphidiniopsis korewalensis S. Murray et Patterson 2002 [Murray and Patterson (2002)]
1031 Amphidiniopsis pectinaria Toriumi, Yoshimatsu et Dodge 2002 [Toriumi et al. (2002)]
1032 Amphidiniopsis swedmarkii (Balech 1956) Dodge 1982 (=Thecadinium swedmarkii Balech)
*Amphidiniopsis urnaeformis Gail 1950 (=?Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca)
Amphidiniopsis uroensis Toriumi, Yoshimatsu et Dodge 2002 [Toriumi et al. (2002)]

1033
73 Centrodinium Kofoid 1907 (=Pavillardinium De-Toni 1936 partim, Murrayella Kofoid 1907 partim) (14 species)
1034 Centrodinium biconicum (Murray et Whitting 1899) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=M. biconica (Murray et Whitting) Pavillard 1931,
Pavillardinium biconicum Rampi 1948)
1035 Centrodinium complanatum (Cleve 1903) Kofoid 1907 (=Steiniella complanata Cleve)
1036 Centrodinium deflexum Kofoid 1907
1037 Centrodinium deflexoides Balech 1962
1038 Centrodinium elongatum Kofoid 1907
1039 Centrodinium eminens Böhm 1933
*Centrodinium expansum Kofoid 1911
1040 Centrodinium intermedium Pavillard 1930
1041 Centrodinium maximum Pavillard 1930
1042 Centrodinium mimeticum (Balech 1967) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=M. mimetica Balech)
1043 Centrodinium pacificum (Rampi 1950) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=P. pacificum Rampi)
1044 Centrodinium pavillardii F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=P. intermedium (Pavillard 1916) de Toni 1936, M. intermedia Pavillard,
187
non C. intermedium Pavillard 1930)

188
GÓMEZ F.
1045 Centrodinium porulosum Kofoid 1911
1046 Centrodinium punctatum (Cleve 1900) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=Steiniella punctata Cleve, M. punctata (Cleve) Kofoid 1907,
P. punctatum (Cleve) De Toni 1936, Murrayella splendida Rampi 1941, P. splendidum (Rampi) Rampi 1950)
1047 Centrodinium pulchrum Böhm 1933 (=C. eminens f. pulchrum (Böhm) Schiller 1933)
74 Corythodinium Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1966 (=Oxytoxum Stein 1883 partim) (8 species)
1048 Corythodinium belgicae (Meunier 1910) F.J.R. Taylor 1976
1049 Corythodinium carinatum (Gaarder 1954) F.J.R. Taylor 1976
1050 Corythodinium compressum (Kofoid 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976
1051 Corythodinium cristatum (Kofoid 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976
1052 Corythodinium curvicaudatum (Kofoid 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976
1053 Corythodinium diploconus (Stein 1883) F.J.R. Taylor 1976
1054 Corythodinium globosum (Kofoid 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=Murrayella globosa Kofoid, non O. globosum Schiller 1937)
1055 Corythodinium recurvum (Kofoid et Michener 1911) F.J.R. Taylor 1976
75 Oxytoxum Stein 1883 (42 species)
1056 Oxytoxum adriaticum Schiller 1937
1057 Oxytoxum biconicum (Kofoid 1907) Dodge et Saunders 1984 (=Amphidoma biconica Kofoid, C. biconicum (Kofoid) F.J.R. Taylor 1976,
Murrayella kofoidii Gaarder 1954, Pavillardinium kofoidii (Gaarder) Sournia 1973)
1058 Oxytoxum brunellii Rampi 1939
1059 Oxytoxum caudatum Schiller 1937 (=O. nanum Halldal 1953, O. rampii Sournia 1973, O. ligusticum Rampi 1969)
1060 Oxytoxum challengeroides Kofoid 1907 (=?O. minutum Rampi 1941)

1061 Oxytoxum constrictum (Stein 1883) Bütschli 1885 (=C. constrictum (Stein) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
1062 Oxytoxum coronatum Schiller 1937
1063 Oxytoxum crassum Schiller 1937 (=O. globosum Schiller 1937, non C. globosum (Kofoid 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
1064 Oxytoxum cribosum Stein 1883
1065 Oxytoxum criophilum Balech in Balech et El-Sayed 1965
1066 Oxytoxum curvatum (Kofoid 1907) Kofoid 1911 (=Prorocentrum curvatum Kofoid)
1067 Oxytoxum depressum Schiller 1937
1068 Oxytoxum elegans Pavillard 1916 (=C. elegans (Pavillard 1916) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
1069 Oxytoxum elongatum Wood 1963
1070 Oxytoxum gladiolus Stein 1883
1071 Oxytoxum laticeps Schiller 1937
1072 Oxytoxum latum Gaarder 1954
1073 Oxytoxum longum Schiller 1937
1074 Oxytoxum michaelsarsii Gaarder 1954
1075 Oxytoxum milneri Murray et Whitting 1899 (=O. subulatum Kofoid 1907)
1076 Oxytoxum minutum Rampi 1941 (=?O. challengeroides Kofoid 1907, resembles O. lativelatum F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
1077 Oxytoxum mitra Stein 1883
1078 Oxytoxum mucronatum Hope 1954
1079 Oxytoxum obesum Rampi 1969
1080 Oxytoxum obliquum Schiller 1937
1081 Oxytoxum ovale Schiller 1937 (=O. mediterraneaum Schiller 1937, O. punctulatum Rampi 1951, O. spinosum Rampi 1941,
O. lativelatum F.J.R. Taylor 1976)

1082 Oxytoxum ovum Gaarder 1954 (=?C. globosum (Kofoid 1907) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
1083 Oxytoxum pachyderme Schiller 1937 ex F.J.R. Taylor 1976
1084 Oxytoxum parvum Schiller 1937 (=O. tenuistriatum Rampi 1943)
1085 Oxytoxum pyramidale Dodge et Saunders 1985
1086 Oxytoxum radiosum Rampi 1951
1087 Oxytoxum reticulatum (Stein 1883) Schütt 1896 (=C. reticulatum (Stein) Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1966,
O. areolatum Rampi 1941, C. frenguellii (Rampi 1941) F.J.R. Taylor 1976, O. latum Gaarder 1954, C. latum (Gaarder) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
1088 Oxytoxum robustum Kofoid 1911
1089 Oxytoxum sceptrum (Stein 1883) Schröder 1906 (=O. longiceps Schiller 1937, O. aceratum Rampi 1951)
1090 Oxytoxum scolopax Stein 1883
1091 Oxytoxum semicollatum F.J.R. Taylor 1976
1092 Oxytoxum sphaeroideum Stein 1883 (=Oxytoxum boehmii Schiller 1937)
1093 Oxytoxum strophalatum Dodge et Saunders 1985
1094 Oxytoxum tessellatum (Stein 1883) Schütt 1895 (=C. tessellatum (Stein) Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1966,
189
O. michaelsarsii Gaarder 1954, C. michaelsarsii (Gaarder) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)

190
GÓMEZ F.
1095 Oxytoxum turbo Kofoid 1907
1096 Oxytoxum variabile Schiller 1937 (=O. gracile Schiller 1937)
1097 Oxytoxum viride Schiller 1937
*Pavillardinium De-Toni 1936 (=Amphidoma Stein 1883 partim, Centrodinium Kofoid 1907 partim, Murrayella Kofoid 1907)
*Pavillardinium ovale (Pavillard 1930) De-Toni 1936 (=Murrayella ovalis Pavillard)
*Murrayella australica Wood 1963
76 Planodinium Saunders et Dodge 1984
1098 Planodinium striatum Saunders et Dodge 1984
77 Sabulodinium Saunders et Dodge 1984
1099 Sabulodinium inclinatum (Balech 1956) Saunders et Dodge 1984 (=Thecadinium inclinatum Balech)
1100 Sabulodinium undulatum Saunders et Dodge 1984 (=Phalacroma kofoidii var. (colourless variety) Herdman 1924)
78 Schuettiella Balech 1988 (=Gonyaulax Diesing 1866 partim, Oxytoxum Stein 1883 partim)
1101 Schuettiella mitra (Schütt 1895) Balech 1988 (=Steinella mitra Schütt, Oxytoxum gigas Kofoid 1907, Gonyaulax mitra (Schütt) Kofoid 1911)
79 Thecadinium Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928 (5 species)
*Thecadinium aureum P.H. Campbell 1973
1102 Thecadinium acanthium Hoppenrath 2000 [Hoppenrath (2000b)]
1103 Thecadinium dragescoi Balech 1956
1104 Thecadinium kofoidii (Herdman 1923) J. Larsen 1985 (=Amphidinium kofoidii var. petasatum Herdman 1922, T. petasatum (Herdman) Balech,
Phalacroma kofoidii Herdman 1924, Amphidinium sulcatum Kofoid sensu Herdman 1921, T. kofoidii Kofoid et Skogsberg in Schiller 1931,
T. petasatum Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928)

1105 Thecadinium neopetasatum Saunders et Dodge 1984
1106 Thecadinium ornatum Hoppenrath 2000 [Hoppenrath (2000b)]
Insertae sedis
80 Amphidiniella Horiguchi 1995
1107 Amphidiniella sedentaria Horiguchi 1995 [Horiguchi (1995a)]
Peridiniaceae Ehrenberg 1830
81 Bysmatrum Faust et Steidinger 1998 [Faust and Steidinger (1998)]
1108 Bysmatrum arenicola Horiguchi et Pienaar 2000 (=Scrippsiella arenicola Horiguchi et Pienaar 1988,
B. arenicola (Horiguchi et Pienaar) Faust et Steidinger 1998) [Faust and Steidinger (1998), Horiguchi and Pienaar (2000)]
1109 Bysmatrum granulosum Ten-Hage, Quod, Turquet et Couté 2001 [Ten-Hage et al. (2001)]
1110 Bysmatrum subsalsum (Ostenfeld 1908) Faust et Steidinger 1998 (=Peridinium subsalsum Ostenfeld,
Scrippsiella subsalsa (Ostenfeld) Steidinger et Balech 1977) [Faust and Steidinger (1998)]
82 Calciodinellum Deflandre 1947 [nomenclatural priority of fossil-encysted stage names does not have to be applied for dinoflagellate species
(ICBN, Greuter et al. 2000)]
1111 Calciodinellum albatrosianum (Kamptner 1963) Janofske et Karwath 2000 [Janofske and Karwath (2000)]
1112 Calciodinellum elongatum (Hildebrand-Habel, Willems et Versteegh 1999) Meier, Janofske et Willems 2002) [Meier et al. (2002)]
1113 Calciodinellum levantinum Meier, Janofske et Willems 2002 [Meier et al. (2002)]
83 Ensiculifera Balech 1967 emend. Matsuoka, Kobayashi et Gaines 1990 (5 species)
1114 Ensiculifera angulata Balech 1988
1115 Ensiculifera carinata Matsuoka, Kobayashi et Gains 1990
1116 Ensiculifera imariensis Kobayashi et Matsuoka 1995 [Kobayashi and Matsuoka (1995)]
1117 Ensiculifera loeblichii Cox et Arnott 1971 (=Pentapharsodinium trachodinium Indelicato et Loeblich III 1986,
Peridinium loeblichii (Cox et Arnott) Dale 1977)

84 Kryptoperidinium Lindemann 1924 (=Glenodinium Ehrenberg 1836 partim)
1119 Kryptoperidinium foliaceum (Stein 1883) Lindemann 1924 (=G. foliaceum Stein,?Peridinium cuneatum van Goor 1925,
Phyllodinium scutelaris Conrad 1926)
85 Pentapharsodinium Indelicato et Loeblich III 1986 (=Peridinium Ehrenberg 1830 partim)
1120 Pentapharsodinium tyrrhenicum (Balech 1990) Montresor, Zingone et Marino 1993 (=Peridinium tyrrhenicum Balech) [Montresor et al. (1993)]
1121 Pentapharsodinium dalei Indelicato et Loeblich 1986 (=Peridinium faeroense sensu Dale 1977, Scrippsiella faeroense sensu Dodge 1982,
Peridinium dalei (Indelicato et Loeblich III) Balech 1990, non Peridinium faeroense Paulsen 1905)
86 Peridinium Ehrenberg 1830 [nearly all freshwater species]
1122 Peridinium gregarium Lombard et Capon 1971 (=Bysmatrum caponii (Horiguchi et Pienaar 1988) Faust et Steidinger 1998,
Scrippsiella caponii Horiguchi et Pienaar 1988, non S. gregaria (Lombard et Capon 1971) Loeblich III, Sherley et R.J. Schmidt 1979
=S. hexapraecingula Horiguchi et Chihara 1983) [Faust and Steidinger (1998)]
1123 Peridinium quinquecorne Abé 1927 (=Protoperidinium quinquecorne (Abé) Balech 1974,?Heterocapsa quadridentata Stein 1883)
87 Scrippsiella Balech 1959 ex Loeblich III 1965 (19 species)
1124 Scrippsiella crystallina J. Lewis 1991
191
1125 Scrippsiella faeroensis (Paulsen 1905) Balech et Soares 1967 (=Calciodinellum faeroense (Paulsen 1905) Havskum 1991,
non Scrippsiella faeroense Dickensheets et Cox 1971=S. trochoidea (Stein 1883) Loeblich III 1976)
192
GÓMEZ F.
1126 Scrippsiella hangoei (Schiller 1935) J. Larsen 1995 (=Peridinium gracile Lindemann 1924,?P. novascotiense Gran et Braarud 1935)
[Larsen et al. (1995)]
1127 Scrippsiella hexapraecingula Horiguchi et Chihara 1983 (=S. gregaria (Lombard et Capon 1971) Loeblich III, Sherley et R.J. Schmidt 1979,
non Peridinium gregarium Lombard et Capon)
*Scrippsiella iizukai Kobayashi 1994 [described in a PhD, Kobayashi (1994)]
1128 Scrippsiella infula (Deflandre 1948) Montresor 2003 (=Calcigonellum infula Deflandre) [Montresor et al. (2003)]
1129 Scrippsiella lachrymosa J. Lewis 1991
1130 Scrippsiella minima Gao et Dodge 1991
1131 Scrippsiella operosa (Deflandre 1947) Montresor 2003 (=Calciodinellum operosum Deflandre) [Montresor et al. (2003)]
1132 Scrippsiella patagonica Akselman et Keupp 1990
1133 Scrippsiella precaria Montresor et Zingone 1988
1134 Scrippsiella ramonii Montresor 1995 [Montresor (1995)]
1135 Scrippsiella regalis (Gaarder 1954) Janofske 2000 (=Discosphaera regalis Gaarder) [Janofske (2000)]
1136 Scrippsiella rotunda J. Lewis 1991
1137 Scrippsiella saladense Balech 1963, “? saladensis”
1138 Scrippsiella spinifera Honsell et Cabrini 1991
1139 Scrippsiella sweeneyae Balech 1959 ex Loeblich III 1965 (=S. sweeneyae Wall et Dale 1968, S. faeroense sensu Dickensheets et Cox 1971)
1140 Scrippsiella tinctoria Indelicato et Loeblich III 1985
1141 Scrippsiella trifida J. Lewis 1991
*Scrippsiella triquetracapitata Meier, Janofske et Willems 2002 [Meier et al. (2002)]

1142 Scrippsiella trochoidea (Stein 1883) Balech ex Loeblich III 1965 (=Glenodinium trochoideum Stein 1883, G. acuminatum Jørgensen 1899,
Peridinium trochoideum (Stein 1883) Lemmermann 1910, Peridinium faeroense Paulsen 1905,
Scrippsiella faeroensis (Paulsen 1905) Balech et Oliveira-Soares 1967, Scrippsiella trochoidea var. aciculifera Montresor 1999)
Protoperidiniaceae Balech 1988/Protoperidiniaceae J.P. Bujak et E.H. Davis 1998 (=Kolkwitziellaceae Lindemann 1928,
Diplopsaliaceae Matsuoka 1988)
88 Boreadinium Dodge et Hermes 1981 (=Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim)
1143 Boreadinium breve (Abé 1981) Sournia 1984 (=Diplopsalis brevis Abé)
1144 Boreadinium pisiforme Dodge et Hermes 1981
89 Diplopelta Stein 1883 ex Jørgensen 1912 (=Dissodium Abé 1941 partim, Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim)
1145 Diplopelta excentrica (Nie 1943) Balech (=Diplopsalis excentrica Nie, Dissodium excentricum (Nie) Loeblich III,
Peridiniopsis excentrica (Nie) F.J.R. Taylor 1976, Gotoius excentricus (Nie) Sournia 1973)
1146 Diplopelta pusilla Balech et Akselman 1988
1147 Diplopelta steinii (Abé 1941) Balech 1988 (=Diplopsalopsis steinii Abé)
90 Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 (=Glenodinium Ehrenberg 1836 partim, Dissodium Abé 1941 partim)
1148 Diplopsalis lebourae (Nie 1943) Balech 1967 (=D. lenticula var. lebourae Nie, non Diplopsalis lebourae Abé 1941, nec Abé 1981)
1149 Diplopsalis lenticula Bergh 1881 (=Glenodinium lenticula (Bergh) Schiller 1937, Dissodium lenticulum (Bergh) Loeblich III 1970,
Peridiniopsis lenticula (Bergh) Starmach 1974)
*Diplopsalis minuta Mangin 1912
*Diplopsalis sphaerica Meunier 1910
91 Diplopsalopsis Meunier 1910 emend. Balech 1988 (=Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim, Diplopelta Stein ex Jørgensen 1912 partim)
1150 Diplopsalopsis bomba (Stein 1883) Dodge et Toriumi 1993 (=Diplopelta bomba Stein ex Jørgensen 1912,
Diplopsalis asymmetrica (Mangin 1911) Lindemann 1928,?Diplopsalis asymmetrica (Mangin) Abé 1941,
Peridiniopsis asymmetrica Mangin 1911, Dissodium asymmetricum (Mangin) Loeblich III 1970,

Diplopelta symmetrica Pavillard 1913) [Dodge and Toriumi (1993)]
1151 Diplopsalopsis imitatio (Balech 1979) Balech 1988 (=Protoperidinium imitatio Balech)
1152 Diplopsalopsis globula Abé 1941 (=Diplopelta globulus (Abé) Balech 1979,
Diplopsalopsis asymmetrica (Mangin) var. sphaerica Mangin 1911, Diplopsalopsis sphaerica (Mangin) Balech 1962,
Dissodium globula (Abé) Dodge et Hermes 1981)
1153 Diplopsalopsis latipeltata Balech et Borgese 1990
1154 Diplopsalopsis orbicularis (Paulsen 1907) Meunier 1910 (=Peridinium orbiculare Paulsen, Diplopsalis orbicularis (Paulsen) Paulsen 1930)
1155 Diplopsalopsis ovata (Abé 1941) Dodge et Toriumi 1993 (=Diplopsalopsis orbicularis (Paulsen 1907) var. ovata Abé 1941)
[Dodge and Toriumi (1993)]
1156 Diplopsalopsis pingii (Nie 1943) Dodge et Toriumi 1993 (=Diplopsalis pingii Nie, Peridiniopsis pingii (Nie) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
[Dodge and Toriumi (1993)]
92 Dissodium Abé 1941 (=Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim, Diplopelta Stein 1883 ex Jørgensen 1912 partim)
1157 Dissodium parvum Abé 1941 (=Diplopelta parva (Abé) Matsuoka 1988, Diplopsalis parvum (Abé) Abé 1981)
93 Gotoius Abé 1981 ex Matsuoka 1988 (=Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim, Dissodium Abé 1941 partim)
1158 Gotoius abei Matsuoka 1988
193
194
GÓMEZ F.
1159 Gotoius excentricus (Nie 1943) Sournia 1984 (=Diplopsalis excentrica Nie 1943, Dissodium excentricum (Nie) Loeblich III 1970,
Peridiniopsis excentrica (Nie) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
1160 Gotoius mutsuensis Abé 1981 ex Matsuoka 1988
1161 Gotoius ostenfeldii (Steemann Nielsen 1931) Dodge et Toriumi 1993 (=Diplopsalis ostenfeldii Steemann Nielsen) [Dodge and Toriumi (1993)]
94 Lebouraia Abé 1941 ex Sournia 1986 (=Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim, Diplopelta Stein ex Jørgensen 1912 partim)
1162 Lebouraia minuta Abé 1941 (=Diplopsalis minuta (Abé) Abé 1981)
1163 Lebouraia pusilla (Balech et Akselman 1988) Dodge et Toriumi 1993 (=Diplopelta pusilla Balech et Akselman) [Dodge and Toriumi (1993)]
95 Oblea Balech 1964 (=Peridiniopsis Lemmermann 1904 partim, Diplopsalis Bergh 1881 partim)
1164 Oblea baculifera Balech 1964 ex Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1966
1165 Oblea rotunda (Lebour 1922) Balech 1964 ex Sournia 1973 (=Peridiniopsis rotunda Lebour, Glenodinium rotundum (Lebour) Schiller 1937,
Diplopsalis rotunda (Lebour) Wood 1954, Diplopsalis rotundata Steidinger et Williams 1970)
1166 Oblea torta (Abé 1941) Balech 1964 ex Sournia 1973 (=Diplopsalis torta Abé, Diplopsalis hainanensis Nie 1943,
Peridiniopsis hainanensis (Nie) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
96 Preperidinium Mangin 1913 (=Diplopeltopsis Pavillard 1913, Zygabikodinium Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1970)
1167 Preperidinium granulosum (Balech 1958) Elbrächter 1993 (=Diplopeltopsis granulosa Balech,
Zygabikodinium granulatum (Balech) Loeblich III 1970) [Elbrächter (1993)]
1168 Preperidinium meunieri (Pavillard 1907) Elbrächter 1993 (=Diplopsalis lenticula Bergh f. minor Paulsen 1907,
Zygabikodinium lenticulatum Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1970, Peridinium lenticulum Mangin 1911,
Peridinium paulsenii Mangin 1911, Glenodinium lenticula f. minor (Paulsen 1907) Pavillard 1913,
Diplopeltopsis minor (Paulsen 1907) Pavillard 1913, Peridiniopsis minor (Paulsen) Starmach 1974) [Elbrächter (1993)]
1169 Preperidinium perlatum (Balech 1971) Elbrächter 1993 (=Diplopeltopsis perlata Balech 1971,
Zygabikodinium perlatum (Balech) Elbrächter 1975) [Elbrächter (1993)]
1170 Preperidinium pseudo-oblea (Elbrächter 1975) Elbrächter 1993 (=Zygabikodinium pseudo-oblea Elbrächter) [Elbrächter (1993)]
97 Protoperidinium Bergh 1881 emend. Balech 1974 (=Peridinium Ehrenberg 1830 partim, Minuscula Lebour 1925) (264 species)
1171 Protoperidinium abei (Paulsen 1930) Balech 1974 (=P. biconicum Abé 1927, non P. biconicum P. Dangeard 1927)
1172 Protoperidinium acanthophorum (Balech 1962) Balech 1974 (=P. rhomboidalis Abé 1981, P. cerassiformis Abé 1981)
1173 Protoperidinium achromaticum (Levander 1902) Balech 1974 (=P. achromaticum Levander, related to Protoperidinium finitimum Balech 1976)
1174 Protoperidinium acutipes (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (=P. quadratum Matzenauer 1933, P. divergens f. acutipes (P. Dangeard) Schiller 1937)
1175 Protoperidinium acutum (Fauré-Fremiet 1908) Balech 1974 (=P. pellucidum var. acutum Fauré-Fremiet)
1176 Protoperidinium adeliense (Balech 1959) Balech 1974
1177 Protoperidinium adense (Matzenauer 1933) Balech 1974
1178 Protoperidinium adulterum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974
1179 Protoperidinium aequatoriale (Balech 1971) Balech 1974
1180 Protoperidinium affine (Balech 1958) Balech 1974
1181 Protoperidinium aliferum (Gaarder in Parke et Dixon 1968) Balech 1974 (=P. matzenaueri Gaarder 1954, non P. matzenaueri Böhm 1936)
1182 Protoperidinium americanum (Gran et Braarud 1935) Balech 1974
1183 Protoperidinium amplum (Matzenauer 1933) Balech 1974
1184 Protoperidinium ampulla (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=P. granii var. mite f. spirale Gaarder 1954)
1185 Protoperidinium anceps (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974
1186 Protoperidinium anguipes (Balech 1967) Balech 1974
1187 Protoperidinium angustum (P. Dangeard 1932) Balech 1974 (=?Protoperidinium wiesneri (Schiller 1931) Balech 1974)
1188 Protoperidinium anomaloplaxum (Balech 1964) Balech 1974
1189 Protoperidinium antarcticum (Schimper in Karsten 1905) Balech 1974 (non P. depressum var. parallelum (Broch) Balech 1994) [Balech (1994a)]

1190 Protoperidinium anthonyi (Fauré-Fremiet 1908) Balech 1974
1191 Protoperidinium applanatum (Mangin 1914) Balech 1974 (=P. obovatum Wood 1954)
1192 Protoperidinium archiovatum (Balech 1958) Balech 1974
1193 Protoperidinium arcticum (Grøntved et Seidenfaden 1938) Okolodkov 1997 (=P. ovatum f. arctica Grøntved et Seidenfaden) [Okolodkov (1997)]
1194 Protoperidinium areolatum (Peters 1928) Balech 1974
1195 Protoperidinium argentiniense Balech 1979
1196 Protoperidinium asperum (Wailes 1928) Balech 1974
1197 Protoperidinium aspidiotum (Balech 1964) Balech 1974
1198 Protoperidinium asymmetricum Balech 1974 (=P. (Sphaeridinium) asymmetricum (Abé 1927) Abé 1981, non P. asymmetricum Karsten 1907)
1199 Protoperidinium avellana (Meunier 1919) Balech 1974 (=Properidinium avellana Meunier)
1200 Protoperidinium balechii (Akselman 1972) Balech 1988
1201 Protoperidinium belizeanum Faust 2003 (non Peridinium belizense Carty et Wujek 2003, published as »belizensis« ICBN Art. 23.5 and 32.5)
[Faust (2003), Carty and Wujek (2003)] (the epithet »belizianum« is orthographically correct, ICBN Art. 60.1)
1202 Protoperidinium bellulum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974
195
1203 Protoperidinium biconicum (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (non P. biconicum Abé 1936)
196
GÓMEZ F.
1204 Protoperidinium bidentatum (Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. bidentatum Abé 1981) [Balech (1994a)]
1205 Protoperidinium bipatens Balech 1973
1206 Protoperidinium bipes (Paulsen 1904) Balech 1974 (=Minuscula bipes (Paulsen) Lebour 1925, Glenodinium bipes Paulsen 1904,
Peridinium minusculum Pavillard 1905, non Peridinium bipes Stein 1883)
1207 Protoperidinium bispinum (Schiller 1937) Balech 1974 (=?P. bimucronatum (Schiller 1937) Balech 1974,
non Protoperidinium sourniai (F.J.R. Taylor 1976) Balech 1994) [Balech (1994a)]
1208 Protoperidinium bourrellyi Balech 1999 [Balech (1999)]
1209 Protoperidinium braarudii (Schiller 1937) Balech 1974
1210 Protoperidinium brevipes (Paulsen 1908) Balech 1974 (=P. brevipes Paulsen, P. varicans Paulsen 1911, P. incurvum Lindemann 1924)
1211 Protoperidinium brochii (Kofoid et Swezy 1921) Balech 1974 (=P. adriaticum Broch 1920, non P. adriaticum Schmarda 1846)
1212 Protoperidinium bulbosum (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1974
1213 Protoperidinium bulla (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974
1214 Protoperidinium capdevillei (Balech 1959) Balech 1974 (=?P. pacificum Kofoid et Michener 1911)
1215 Protoperidinium capurroi (Balech 1959) Balech 1974 (=?P. brachypus Abé 1981, non P. brachypus Schiller 1937)
1216 Protoperidinium carinaeferum (Gail 1950) Balech 1994 (=P. arinaeferum Gail) [Balech (1994a)]
1217 Protoperidinium carum (Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. carus Abé) [Balech (1994a)]
1218 Protoperidinium cassum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=Protoperidinium cassum cassum Balech 1988)
Protoperidinium cassum var. decens Balech 1988 (=Protoperidinium decens (Balech 1971) Balech 1974)
1219 Protoperidinium castaneiforme (Mangin 1922) Balech 1974
1220 Protoperidinium cavispinum (Mangin 1922) Balech 1974

1221 Protoperidinium cepa (Balech 1971) Balech 1974
1222 Protoperidinium cerasus (Paulsen 1907) Balech 1973
1223 Protoperidinium charcotii (Balech 1958) Balech 1974
1224 Protoperidinium claudicans (Paulsen 1907) Balech 1974
1225 Protoperidinium claudum Balech 1994 (=P. asymmetricum Karsten sensu Böhm 1936, non Karsten 1907) [Balech (1994a)]
1226 Protoperidinium colombonense (Matzenauer 1933) Balech 1974
1227 Protoperidinium compressum (Abé 1927) Balech 1974 (=Congruentidium compressum Abé 1927, P. compressum Abé 1981,
non P. stellatum Wall et Dale 1968)
1228 Protoperidinium concavum (Mangin 1926) Balech 1974 (=?Protoperidinium granii (Ostenfeld 1906) Balech 1974, P. petersii Balech 1958)
1229 Protoperidinium conicoides (Paulsen 1905) Balech 1973
1230 Protoperidinium conicum (Gran 1900) Balech 1974 (=P. divergens var. conica Gran)
1231 Protoperidinium consimile (Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. consimilis Abé) [Balech (1994a)]
1232 Protoperidinium corniculum (Kofoid et Michener 1911) F.J.R. Taylor et Balech in Balech 1979
1233 Protoperidinium cornutum (Karsten 1907) Balech 1974
1234 Protoperidinium crassipes (Kofoid 1907) Balech 1974 [see Balech (1988:110) for synonymy with Protoperidinium curtipes
(Jørgensen 1912) Balech 1974]
1235 Protoperidinium crassipyrum (Balech 1961) Balech 1974 (=P. crassum Balech (1959) Balech 1974, non P. crassum P. Dangeard 1927)
1236 Protoperidinium cristatum Balech 1979
1237 Protoperidinium cruciferum (Balech 1971) Balech 1973 (=?P. parvum Abé 1981)
1238 Protoperidinium curtipes (Jørgensen 1912) Balech 1974 (=P. curtipes Jørgensen 1912, P. crassipes Paulsen 1907 partim,
non P. crassipes Paulsen 1930, nec Schiller 1937)
1239 Protoperidinium curtum (Balech 1958) Balech 1973
1240 Protoperidinium curvipes (Ostenfeld 1906) Balech 1974

1241 Protoperidinium cuspidatum Balech 1979
1242 Protoperidinium dakariense (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (=P. gibbosum Matzenauer (1933) Balech 1974, P. parvispinum Gaarder 1954)
1243 Protoperidinium decipiens (Jørgensen 1899) Parke et Dodge 1976
1244 Protoperidinium decollatum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974
1245 Protoperidinium defectum (Balech in Balech et El-Sayed 1965) Balech 1974
1246 Protoperidinium deficiens (Meunier 1919) Balech 1974
1247 Protoperidinium denticulatum (Gran et Braarud 1935) Balech 1974 (=P. clavus Abé 1936)
1248 Protoperidinium depressum (Bailey 1850) Balech 1974 (=P. parallelum Broch 1906, non P. antarcticum Schimper,
P. marinum Lindemann 1925, P. claudicanoides Graham 1942), Protoperidinium depressum subsp. convexius (Graham 1941)
Balech 1994 [Balech (1994a)]
1249 Protoperidinium diabolus (Cleve 1900) Balech 1974 (=P. longipes Karsten 1907)
1250 Protoperidinium discoides (Wailes 1928) Balech 1974
1251 Protoperidinium divaricatum (Meunier 1919) Parke et Dodge 1976 (=P. gainii (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974,
P. divaricatum (Meunier) Balech 1988)
197
1252 Protoperidinium divergens (Ehrenberg 1841) Balech 1974

198
GÓMEZ F.
*Protoperidinium dodgei Okolodkov 1997 [Okolodkov (1997), not included in Okolodkov and Dodge (1997)]
1253 Protoperidinium dolichoporum Borgese 1987
1254 Protoperidinium elegans (Cleve 1900) Balech 1974 (=P. annulatum Kofoid et Michener 1911,?P. elegans Matzenauer 1933)
1255 Protoperidinium elegantissimum (Balech 1958) Balech 1974
1256 Protoperidinium ellipticum Halim 1969
1257 Protoperidinium elongatum (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974
1258 Protoperidinium exageratum Balech 1979 (=P. globulus var. quarnerense f. spirale Gaarder 1954)
1259 Protoperidinium excentricum (Paulsen 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. excentricum Paulsen, Peridinium perrieri Fauré-Frémient 1909)
1260 Protoperidinium exiguipes (Mangin 1930 ex Halim 1968) Dodge 1985
1261 Protoperidinium exiguum (Cleve 1900) Balech 1974
1262 Protoperidinium exile Balech 1994 (=P. gracile Meunier 1910) [Balech (1994a)]
*Protoperidinium falk-petersenii Okolodkov 1999 [Okolodkov (1999)]
1263 Protoperidinium fastum Balech 1979
1264 Protoperidinium faurei Balech 1994 (=P. ovatum Pouchet var.? Fauré-Fremiet 1908) [Balech (1994a)]
1265 Protoperidinium fimbriatum (Meunier 1919) Balech 1974
1266 Protoperidinium finitimum Balech 1976 [related to P. achromaticum (Levander 1902) Balech 1974]
1267 Protoperidinium formosum (Pavillard 1909) Balech 1974 (=P. diabolus var. formosum (Pavillard) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
1268 Protoperidinium furcatum (Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. furcatum Abé) [Balech (1994a)]
1269 Protoperidinium gaarderae (Balech 1967) Balech 1974
1270 Protoperidinium gibberum (Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. gibberum Abé, non P. okamurai Abé 1927,
non P. okamurai Yoneda et Marukawa in Marukawa 1921) [Balech (1994a)]
1271 Protoperidinium globiferum (Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. globifera Abé) [Balech (1994a)]
1272 Protoperidinium globulus (Stein 1883) Balech 1974 (=P. ovatum (Pouchet) Schütt 1895)
1273 Protoperidinium glyptopterum Balech 1973
1274 Protoperidinium grahamii (Sournia 1973) Balech 1994 (=P. grahamii Sournia, P. truncatum Graham 1942,
non P. truncatum Zacharias 1903) [Balech (1994a)]
1275 Protoperidinium grande (Kofoid 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. elegans Matzenauer 1933, non P. grande P. Dangeard 1927)
1276 Protoperidinium granii (Ostenfeld 1906) Balech 1974 (non Peridinium gracile Gran et Braarud 1935) [Balech (1994a)]
1277 Protoperidinium grenlandicum (Woloszyn bska 1916) Balech 1974
1278 Protoperidinium hamatum Balech 1979
1279 Protoperidinium helix (Balech 1962) Balech 1974
1280 Protoperidinium hemisphaericum (Abé 1936) Balech 1988
1281 Protoperidinium heteracanthum (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (non Protoperidinium norpacense Balech 1974)
1282 Protoperidinium heteroconicum (Matzenauer 1933) Balech 1974
1283 Protoperidinium heterospinum (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1974
1284 Protoperidinium hidemitii (Paulsen 1949) Balech 1994 (=P. rotundatum Abé 1936, non P. rotundatum Karsten 1907) [Balech (1994a)]
1285 Protoperidinium hirobis (Abé 1927) Balech 1974
1286 Protoperidinium huberi (Schiller 1929) Balech 1974
1287 Protoperidinium humile (Schiller 1937) Balech 1974 (=P. perbreve Balech et Soares 1967)
1288 Protoperidinium hyalinum (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974
1289 Protoperidinium illepidum Balech 1994 (=P. pellucidum var. crassum Fauré-Fremiet 1908) [Balech (1994a)]
1290 Protoperidinium incertum (Balech 1958) Balech 1973
1291 Protoperidinium inclinatum (Balech 1964) Balech 1974 (=P. sphaericum Okamura 1912)

1292 Protoperidinium incognitum (Balech 1959) Balech 1974
1293 Protoperidinium inflatiforme (Böhm 1936) Balech 1974
1294 Protoperidinium inflatum (Okamura 1912) Balech 1974 (=P. inflatum Okamura, P. brochii (Okamura) f. inflatum Schiller 1937,
P. crassum P. Dangeard 1927)
1295 Protoperidinium islandicum (Paulsen 1904) Balech 1973
1296 Protoperidinium isthmus (Abé 1981) Balech 1994
1297 Protoperidinium joergensenii (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=P. pedunculatum Jørgensen 1905, non P. pedunculatum Schütt 1895)
1298 Protoperidinium joubinii (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974
*Protoperidinium knipowitschii (Usachev 1927) Balech 1974
1299 Protoperidinium laciniosum Balech 1994 (=P. petersii Abé 1981, non P. petersii Balech 1958) [Balech (1994a)]
1300 Protoperidinium laticeps (Grøntved et Seidenfaden 1938) Balech 1974 (=P. laticeps Grøntved et Seidenfaden)
[=?P. consimile (Abé 1981) Balech 1994]
1301 Protoperidinium latidorsale (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (=P. oblongum var. latidorsale P. Dangeard)
1302 Protoperidinium latipyrum (Balech 1959) Balech 1974
199
200
GÓMEZ F.
1303 Protoperidinium latispinum (Mangin 1926) Balech 1974 (=P. africanoides (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974,
P. angusticollum Abé 1981,?P. sylvanae P. Dangeard 1927)
1304 Protoperidinium latissimum (Kofoid 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. pentagonoides Balech 1949,
P. pentagonum var. latissimum (Kofoid) Schiller 1937, Protoperidinium exiquipes (Mangin 1930) Dodge 1985)
1305 Protoperidinium latistriatum (Balech 1958) Balech 1974
1306 Protoperidinium leonis (Pavillard 1916) Balech 1974 (=P. conicum Meunier 1919)
1307 Protoperidinium ligusticum (Rampi 1951) Balech 1974
1308 Protoperidinium lipopodium (Balech 1964) Balech 1974 (=P. subcurvipes Balech 1959, non P. subcurvipes Lebour 1923)
1309 Protoperidinium longipes Balech 1974 (=Protoperidinium longipes (Karsten 1907) Balech 1974,
P. diabolus var. longipes (Karsten) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
1310 Protoperidinium longispinum (Kofoid 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. michaelis Ehrenberg 1840 partim, non P. longispinum Mangin 1930)
1311 Protoperidinium macrapicatum (Balech 1971) Balech 1973 (=?P. gracile Gran et Braarud 1935)
1312 Protoperidinium magnum (Schiller 1929) Balech 1974 (=?P. crassipes Kofoid 1907)
1313 Protoperidinium majus (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (=P. ovatum var. majus P. Dangeard)
1314 Protoperidinium manginii (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=P. pyriforme Peters 1928)
1315 Protoperidinium maranense Tolomio 1981
1316 Protoperidinium marielebourae (Paulsen 1931) Balech 1974 (=P. obtusum (Karsten 1906) Lebour 1925,
non P. obtusum (Karsten) Fauré-Fremiet 1980)
1317 Protoperidinium marukawai (Abé 1936) Balech 1974
1318 Protoperidinium mastophorum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=P. granii Matzenauer 1933, non P. granii Ostenfeld 1906)
1319 Protoperidinium mediocre (Balech 1958) Balech 1974
1320 Protoperidinium mediterraneum (Kofoid 1909) Balech 1974 (=P. longicollum Pavillard 1916, P. steinii subsp. mediterraneum Kofoid)
1321 Protoperidinium melo (Balech 1971) Balech 1974
1322 Protoperidinium mendiolae Balech 1978
1323 Protoperidinium metananum (Balech in Balech et El-Sayed 1965) Balech 1974
*Protoperidinium minus (Mangin 1926) Balech 1974
*Protoperidinium minutissimum (Mangin 1926) Balech 1974
1324 Protoperidinium minutum (Kofoid 1907) Loeblich III 1970 [see P. monospinum (Paulsen 1907) Zonneveld et Dale 1994]
[Zonneveld and Dale (1994)]
1325 Protoperidinium mite (Pavillard 1916) Balech 1974 (=P. granii Ostenfeld f. mite (Pavillard) Schiller 1937)
1326 Protoperidinium monacanthum (Broch 1910) Balech 1973 (=P. complanatum Meunier 1910)
1327 Protoperidinium monospinum (Paulsen 1907) Zonneveld et Dale 1994 (=P. constrictum (Abé 1936) Balech 1974, P. constricta Abé)
[the synonymy with Protoperidinium minutum is debatable] [Zonneveld and Dale (1994)]
1328 Protoperidinium monovelum (Abé 1936) Balech 1974
1329 Protoperidinium multipunctatum (Fauré-Fremiet 1908) Balech 1994 (=P. multipunctatum Fauré-Fremiet) [Balech (1994a)]
1330 Protoperidinium munobis (Abé 1927) Balech 1974
1331 Protoperidinium murrayi (Kofoid 1907) Hernández-Becerril 1991 (=P. murrayi Kofoid 1907,
P. murrayi var. occidentalis Pavillard 1930, P. murrayi var. orientalis Matzenauer) [synonym of P. oceanicum (Vanhöffen 1897)
Balech 1974 sec Balech (1988)]
1332 Protoperidinium mutsuense (Abé 1936) Balech 1974 (=P. mutsuensis Abé)
1333 Protoperidinium nanum (Balech 1962) Balech 1974
1334 Protoperidinium norpacense (Balech 1962) Balech 1974 (=P. heteracanthum P. Dangeard sec Matzenauer 1933,
non P. heteracanthum P. Dangeard 1927)

1335 Protoperidinium novascotiense (Gran et Braarud 1935) Balech 1974 (=?Scrippsiella hangoei (Schiller 1935) J. Larsen 1995)
[Larsen et al. (1995)]
1336 Protoperidinium nudum (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974
*Protoperidinium nux (Schiller 1937) Balech 1974 (=P. levanderi Abé 1927, P. aequilimbus Abé 1981)
1337 Protoperidinium obesum (Matzenauer 1933) Balech 1974
1338 Protoperidinium oblongum (Aurivillius 1898) Parke et Dodge 1976 (=P. divergens var. oblongum Aurivillius)
1339 Protoperidinium obtusipes (Mangin 1930) Balech 1974
1340 Protoperidinium obtusum (Karsten 1906) Parke et Dodge 1976 (=Protoperidinium obtusum (Karsten) Balech 1988,
P. divergens Ehrenberg var. obtusum Karsten, P. okamurai Marukawa 1921, non P. okamurai Abé 1927,
P. obtusum Schiller 1937, non P. obtusum Fauré-Fremiet 1908)
1341 Protoperidinium oceanicum (Vanhöffen 1897) Balech 1974 (=P. oceanicum Vanhöffen) [also Peridinium murrayi Kofoid 1907 sec Balech (1988)]
1342 Protoperidinium okamurai Yoneda et Marukawa in Marukawa 1921 (non Protoperidinium gibberum (Abé 1981) Balech 1994) [Balech (1994a)]
1343 Protoperidinium orientale (Matzenauer 1933) Balech 1974
1344 Protoperidinium ovatoides (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974
201
202
GÓMEZ F.
1345 Protoperidinium ovatum Pouchet 1883 (=P. lenticulatum Fauré-Fremiet 1908), Protoperidinium ovatum ssp. asymmetricum
(P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1988)
1346 Protoperidinium oviforme (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974
1347 Protoperidinium ovum (Schiller 1911) Balech 1974 (=Protoperidinium nipponicum (Abé 1927) Balech 1974,
P. ovum Schiller 1911,?P. ellipsoides P. Dangeard 1927, P. ellipsoideum P. Dangeard 1927, non P. ovum Mangin 1912)
1348 Protoperidinium pacificum (Kofoid et Michener 1911) F.J.R. Taylor et Balech ex Balech 1988 (=P. capdevillei Balech 1959) Balech 1974)
1349 Protoperidinium pallidum (Ostenfeld 1899) Balech 1973
1350 Protoperidinium paradoxum (F.J.R. Taylor 1976) Balech 1994 (=P. paradoxum F.J.R. Taylor) [Balech (1994a)]
1351 Protoperidinium parapyriforme (Hermosilla 1968) Balech 1974
1352 Protoperidinium parcum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974
1353 Protoperidinium parthenopes Zingone et Montresor 1988
1354 Protoperidinium parvicollum (Balech 1958) Balech 1973
1355 Protoperidinium parvispinum (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1974
1356 Protoperidinium parviventer Balech 1978 (=?P. gracile Gran et Braarud 1935)
1357 Protoperidinium paulsenii (Pavillard 1909) Balech 1974 (non P. paulsenii Mangin 1911, non P. paulsenii Abé 1981=P. subinerme Paulsen 1931)
1358 Protoperidinium pedunculatum (Schütt 1895) Balech 1974
1359 Protoperidinium pellucidum Bergh 1881 ex Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1966 (=P. pellucidum (Bergh) Schütt 1895, non Pouchet 1883,
nec Vanhöffen 1897), P. pellucidum ssp. asteriferum Balech 1994 (=P. pellucidum ssp. stellatum Balech 1978,
non Peridinium stellatum Wall 1968) [Balech (1994a)]
1360 Protoperidinium penitum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974 (=P. ovatum Peters 1928)
1361 Protoperidinium pentagonum (Gran 1902) Balech 1974 (=P. divergens var. sinuosum Lemmermann 1899, P. sinuosum Lemmermann 1905,
P. parapentagonum Wang 1936, P. expansum Abé 1981, non P. pentagonum P. Dangeard 1926)
1362 Protoperidinium perplexum (Balech 1971) Balech 1974
1363 Protoperidinium perradiatum Balech 1978
1364 Protoperidinium persicum Schiller 1937 (=P. schilleri Böhm 1931, P. matzenaueri Böhm 1936, P. margalefii E.S. Silva 1965)
1365 Protoperidinium peruvianum (Balech 1961) Balech 1974
1366 Protoperidinium pietschmannii (Böhm 1931) Balech 1974
1367 Protoperidinium planiceps (Abé 1981) Balech 1988 (=P. thorianum var. planiceps Abé)
1368 Protoperidinium platifrons Balech 1999 [Balech (1999)]
1369 Protoperidinium porosum Balech 1978
1370 Protoperidinium pouchetii (Kofoid et Michener 1911) F.J.R. Taylor et Balech ex Balech 1988 (=P. brintonii Balech 1962)
1371 Protoperidinium pseudoantarcticum (Balech 1958) Balech 1974
1372 Protoperidinium pseudogranii (Peters 1930) Balech 1994 (=P. pseudogranii Peters) [Balech (1994a)]
1373 Protoperidinium pseudopallidum (Peters 1930) Balech 1994 (=P. pseudopallidum Peters) [Balech (1994a)]
1374 Protoperidinium punctulatum (Paulsen 1908) Balech 1974 (non Peridinium punctulatum Paulsen 1931=P. multistriatum Kofoid 1907)
1375 Protoperidinium pyriforme (Paulsen 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. steinii var. pyriformis Paulsen 1905,
P. pyriforme spp. pyriforme (Paulsen) Balech 1988) Protoperidinium pyriforme ssp. breve (Paulsen 1907) Balech 1988
(=P. breve (Paulsen 1907) Balech)
1376 Protoperidinium pyrum (Balech 1959) Balech 1974
1377 Protoperidinium quadratum (Matzenauer 1933) Balech 1974
1378 Protoperidinium quarnerense (Schröder 1900) Balech 1974 (=P. globulus var. quarnerense Schröder)
1379 Protoperidinium radius (Balech 1971) Balech 1976 (=Peridinium concavum subsp. radius Balech)
1380 Protoperidinium rampii (Balech 1959) Balech 1974

1381 Protoperidinium raphanus (Balech 1958) Balech 1974
1382 Protoperidinium rectius (Graham 1942) Balech 1994 (=P. depressum var. rectius Graham) [Balech (1994a)]
1383 Protoperidinium rectum (Kofoid 1907) Balech 1974
1384 Protoperidinium retiferum (Matzenauer 1933) Balech 1978
1385 Protoperidinium rhombiforme (Abé 1981) Balech 1994 (=P. rhombiformis Abé) [Balech (1994a)]
1386 Protoperidinium robustum (Meunier 1910) Hernández-Becerril 1991
1387 Protoperidinium rosaceum (Balech 1958) Balech 1974
1388 Protoperidinium roscoffiense (Balech 1962) Balech 1974
1389 Protoperidinium roseum (Paulsen 1904) Balech 1974
1390 Protoperidinium saltans (Meunier 1910) Balech 1973 (=P. valgus Abé 1981)
1391 Protoperidinium schilleri (Paulsen 1930) Balech 1974 (=P. pallidum var. schilleri (Paulsen) Schiller 1937, non P. schilleri Böhm 1931)
*Protoperidinium schuettii Halim 1969
1392 Protoperidinium simulum (Paulsen 1931) Balech 1931
1393 Protoperidinium sinaicum (Matzenauer 1933) Balech 1974
203
204
GÓMEZ F.
1394 Protoperidinium solidicorne (Mangin 1922) Balech 1974 (=Protoperidinium spiniferum (Schiller 1937) Balech 1974, P. spinosum Schiller 1937)
1395 Protoperidinium solitarium (Abé 1936) Balech 1974
1396 Protoperidinium somma (Matzenauer 1933) Balech 1974
1397 Protoperidinium sourniai (F.J.R. Taylor 1976) Balech 1994 (non P. bimucronatum (Schiller 1937) Balech 1974,
P. bispinum Schiller 1937)[Balech (1994a)]
1398 Protoperidinium sphaericum (Murray et Whitting 1899) Balech 1974 (non P. sphaericum Okamura 1912, P. sphaericum Meunier)
1399 Protoperidinium sphaeroides (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974 (=?Protoperidinium globulus (Stein 1883) Balech 1974)
1400 Protoperidinium sphaeroideum (Mangin 1922) Balech 1974 (=?P. breve Paulsen 1907) [Sournia (1978) considered
P. sphaeroides P. Dangeard and P. sphaeroideum Mangin as orthographical variants]
1401 Protoperidinium spirale (Gaarder 1954) Balech 1974 (=P. granii f. spirale Gaarder)
1402 Protoperidinium spitzbergense (Broch 1910) Balech 1994 (=P. spitzbergense Broch, non P. globulus sensu Schiller 1937) [Balech (1994a)]
1403 Protoperidinium steidingerae Balech 1979 (=P. oblongum (Aurivillus) sec. Steidinger et Williams 1970, non P. oblongum (Aurivillus) Cleve)
1404 Protoperidinium steinii (Jørgensen 1899) Balech 1974 (=P. michaelis Stein 1883)
1405 Protoperidinium stellatum (Wall 1968) Balech 1994 (=P. stellatum (Wall in Wall et Dale 1968, non Peridinium compressum Abé 1981)
[Balech (1994a)]
1406 Protoperidinium subcrassipes Balech 1988 (=?P. asymmetricum Karsten 1907)
1407 Protoperidinium subcurvipes (Lebour 1923) Balech 1974 (non P. subcurvipes Balech 1959=Protoperidinium lipopodium (Balech 1959)
Balech 1974)
1408 Protoperidinium subinerme (Paulsen 1904) Loeblich III 1970
1409 Protoperidinium subpyriforme (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974

1410 Protoperidinium subsphaericum (Balech 1959) Balech 1974
1411 Protoperidinium symmetricum (Halim 1968) Balech 1974 (non P. symmetricum Gaarder 1954)
1412 Protoperidinium taeningii (Rampi 1950) Balech 1974
1413 Protoperidinium tatihouense (Fauré-Fremiet 1908) Balech 1994 (=P. minutum var. tatihouensis Fauré-Fremiet 1908) [Balech (1994a)]
1414 Protoperidinium tenuissimum (Kofoid 1907) Balech 1974 (=P. crassiformis Abé 1981)
1415 Protoperidinium thorianum (Paulsen 1905) Balech 1973 (=P. thorianum Paulsen, Properidinium thorianum Meunier 1919)
1416 Protoperidinium thulesense (Balech 1958) Balech 1973 (=P. conicum f. islandica Braarud 1935, P. sympholis Hermosilla et Balech 1969)
1417 Protoperidinium tohrui Balech 1994 (=P. paulsenii Abé 1981) [Balech (1994a)]
*Protoperidinium tregouboffii (Halim 1955) Balech 1974 (=?P. brachypus Schiller 1937, non P. brachypus Abé 1981)
1418 Protoperidinium tristylum (Stein 1883) Balech 1974
1419 Protoperidinium truncum (Abé 1936) Balech 1974
1420 Protoperidinium tuba (Schiller 1937) Balech 1974
1421 Protoperidinium tumidum (Okamura 1907) Balech 1988 (=P. (divergens) tesselatum Karsten) [see Balech 1988: 191]
1422 Protoperidinium turbinatum (Mangin 1926) Balech 1974
1423 Protoperidinium turgidum (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974
1424 Protoperidinium unipes (Balech 1962) Balech 1974
1425 Protoperidinium variegatum (Peters 1928) Balech 1974
1426 Protoperidinium ventrale (Abé 1936) Balech 1974 (=?P. ventricum Abé 1927)
1427 Protoperidinium ventricum (Abé 1927) Balech 1974 [strongly resembles P. platifrons]
1428 Protoperidinium venustum (Matzenauer 1933) Balech 1974 (=P. claudicans sec Abé 1981)
1429 Protoperidinium verrucosum (Meunier 1910) Balech 1974
1430 Protoperidinium volsella (Margalef 1968) Balech 1974
1431 Protoperidinium vulgare Balech 1978 (=?P. aliferum Gaarder in Parke et Dixon 1968)

1432 Protoperidinium wiesneri ssp. wiesneri (Schiller 1911) Balech 1988 (=P. wiesneri (Schiller) Balech 1974,
P. angustum (P. Dangeard 1927) Balech 1974, Protoperidinium wiesneri ssp. patagonicum Balech 1979
(=P. patagonicum (Balech 1959) Balech 1974)
1433 Protoperidinium woloszynskae (Conrad 1940) Parke et Dodge 1976
*Protoperidinium yonedai (Abé 1981) Balech 1994 [=?P. latispinum Mangin 1926] [Balech (1994a)]
1434 Protoperidinium yserense (Meunier 1919) Balech 1974
Podolampadaceae Lindemann 1928
98 Blepharocysta Ehrenberg 1873
1435 Blepharocysta denticulata Nie 1939
1436 Blepharocysta hermosillai Carbonell-Moore 1992
1437 Blepharocysta okamurai Abé 1966 (=?Blepharocysta splendor-maris (Ehrenberg 1860) Ehrenberg 1873)
1438 Blepharocysta paulsenii Schiller 1937
1439 Blepharocysta splendor-maris (Ehrenberg 1860) Ehrenberg 1873 (=?Blepharocysta okamurai Abé 1966)
99 Gaarderia Carbonell-Moore 1994 [genus pre-occupied by the extant coccolithophorid Gaarderia (Lecal 1966) Kleijne 1993]
205
[Carbonell-Moore (1994)]
206
GÓMEZ F.
1440 Gaarderia angusta Carbonell-Moore 1994 [Carbonell-Moore (1994)]
1441 Gaarderia armata Carbonell-Moore 1994 [Carbonell-Moore (1994)]
1442 Gaarderia compressa Carbonell-Moore 1994 [Carbonell-Moore (1994)]
1443 Gaarderia lata Carbonell-Moore 1994 [Carbonell-Moore (1994)]
100 Heterobractum Carbonell-Moore 1994 [Carbonell-Moore (1994)]
1444 Heterobractum striatum Carbonell-Moore 1994 [Carbonell-Moore (1994)]
101 Lessardia Saldarriaga et F.J.R. Taylor 2003 [Saldarriaga et al. (2003)] [scarce morphological similarities with Podolampadaceae]
1445 Lessardia elongata Saldarriaga et F.J.R.Taylor 2003 [Saldarriaga et al. (2003)]
102 Lissodinium Matzenauer 1933 emend. Carbonell-Moore 1991 (18 species)
1446 Lissodinium australe Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1447 Lissodinium balechii Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1448 Lissodinium corrugatum Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1449 Lissodinium fryxelliae Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1450 Lissodinium heteracanthum Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1451 Lissodinium heteroporum Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1452 Lissodinium homacanthum Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1453 Lissodinium longisulcus Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1454 Lissodinium magnum Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1455 Lissodinium matzenaueri Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1456 Lissodinium orcadense Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]

1457 Lissodinium ovatum Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1458 Lissodinium parvum Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1459 Lissodinium schilleri Matzenauer 1933 (=Blepharocysta matzenaueri f. gibba Gaarder 1954, B. matzenaueri (Matzenauer) Gaarder,
B. compressa Gaarder 1954)
1460 Lissodinium steidingerae Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1461 Lissodinium taylorii Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1462 Lissodinium thompsonii Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
1463 Lissodinium zondervanii Carbonell-Moore 1993 [Carbonell-Moore (1993)]
103 Mysticella Carbonell-Moore 1994 [Carbonell-Moore (1994)]
1464 Mysticella spinosa Carbonell-Moore 1994 [Carbonell-Moore (1994)]
1465 Mysticella striata (Schütt 1895) Carbonell-Moore 1994 (=Blepharocysta striata Schütt) [Carbonell-Moore (1994)]
104 Podolampas Stein 1883 (7 species)
1466 Podolampas antarctica Balech in Balech et El-Sayed 1965
1467 Podolampas bipes Stein 1883
1468 Podolampas curvata Schiller 1937
1469 Podolampas elegans Schütt 1895
1470 Podolampas palmipes Stein 1883
1471 Podolampas reticulata Kofoid 1907 (=P. bipes var. reticulata (Kofoid) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
1472 Podolampas spinifera Okamura 1912
105 Roscoffia Balech 1956
1473 Roscoffia capitata Balech 1956
1474 Roscoffia minor Horiguchi et Kubo 1997 [Horiguchi and Kubo (1997)]

Pyrophacaceae Lindemann 1928
106 Fragilidium Balech ex Loeblich III 1965 (=Helgolandicum Stosch 1969, Goniodoma Stein 1883 partim)
1475 Fragilidium fissile Balech 1990
1476 Fragilidium heterolobum Balech 1959 ex Loeblich III 1965
1477 Fragilidinium lacustre (Lindemann 1924) Balech 1988 (=Goniodoma lacustris Lindemann)
1478 Fragilidinium mexicanum Balech 1988
1479 Fragilidium subglobosum (Stosch 1969) Loeblich III 1980 (=Helgolandicum subglobosum Stosch)
107 Pyrophacus Stein 1883
1480 Pyrophacus horologium Stein 1883 emend. Wall et Dale 1971
1481 Pyrophacus steinii (Schiller 1935) Wall et Dale 1971 (=P. horologicum var. steinii Schiller 1935,
P. vancampoae (Rossignol 1962) Wall et Dale 1971)
Peridiniales incertae sedis
108 Adenoides Balech 1956
207
1482 Adenoides eludens (Herdman 1922) Balech 1956 (=Amphidinium eludens Herdman)
208
GÓMEZ F.
1483 Adenoides kofoidii (Herdman 1922) Dodge 1982 (=Amphidinium kofoidii Herdman, non Amphidinium kofoidii var. petasatum Herdman 1924)
109 Herdmania Dodge 1981 [preoccupied]
1484 Herdmania litoralis Dodge 1981 emend. Hoppenrath 2000 [=Gymnodinium agile Herdman 1922,
non G. agile Kofoid et Swezy 1921][Hoppenrath (2000d)]
*Microceratium Sournia 1972
*Microceratium orstomii Sournia 1972
110 Spiraublax Kofoid 1911 emend. Carbonell-Moore 1996 (=Gonyaulax Diesing 1866 partim) [Carbonell-Moore (1996b)]
1485 Spiraulax jolliffei (Murray et Whitting 1899) Kofoid 1911 (=Gonyaulax jolliffei Murray et Whitting,
Spiraulax kofoidii Graham 1942, Spiraulaxina kofoidii (Graham) Loeblich III 1970)
1486 Spiraulax kofoidii Graham 1942
Prorocentrales Lemmermann 1910
*Haplodiniaceae Lindemann 1928
*Haplodinium Klebs 1912 [related to Prorocentrum according to McLachlan et al. (1997)]
*Haplodinium antjoliense Klebs 1912
*Haplodinium indicum Subrahmanyan 1966
*Haplodinium iyengaricum Subrahmanyan 1966
*Haplodinium jonesianum Subrahmanyan 1966
Prorocentraceae Stein 1883
111 Mesoporos Lillick 1937 (=Porella Schiller 1928)
*Mesoporos parthasarathicus Subrahmanyan 1966

1487 Mesoporos perforatus (Gran 1915) Lillick 1937 (=Porella adriatica Schiller 1928, P. asymmetrica Schiller 1933, P. bisimpressa Schiller 1928,
P. globulus Schiller 1928, Mesoporos globulus (Schiller) Lillick, Porotheca perforata (Gran) P.C. Silva 1960)
112 Plagiodinium Faust et Balech 1993
1488 Plagiodinium belizeanum Faust et Balech 1993 [Faust and Balech (1993)] (the epithet »belizianum« is orthographically correct, ICBN Art. 60.1)
113 Prorocentrum Ehrenberg 1834 (=Exuviella Cienkowski 1881) (56 species)
1489 Prorocentrum aporum (Schiller 1928) Dodge 1975 (=P. antarcticum (Hada 1970) Balech 1976, E. granii Gaarder 1938)
1490 Prorocentrum arabianum Morton et Faust 2002 [Morton et al. (2002)] (the epithet »arabicum« is orthographically correct, ICBN Art. 60.1)
1491 Prorocentrum arcuatum Issel 1928
1492 Prorocentrum arenarium Faust 1994 [Faust et al. (1994)]
1493 Prorocentrum balticum (Lohmann 1908) Loeblich III 1970 (=P. pomoideum Bursa 1959,?E. aequatorialis Hasle 1960,
?P. ponticus Krachmalny et Terenko 2002)
1494 Prorocentrum belizeanum Faust 1993 [Faust (1993a)] (the epithet »belizianum« is orthographically correct, ICBN Art. 60.1)
1495 Prorocentrum borbonicum Ten-Hage, Turquet, Quod, Puiseux-Dao et Couté 2000 [Ten-Hage et al. (2000b)]
1496 Prorocentrum caribbaeum Faust 1993 [Faust (1993a)] (the epithet »caribaeum« is orthographically correct, ICBN Art. 60.1)
1497 Prorocentrum cassubicum (Woloszyn bska 1928) Dodge 1975
1498 Prorocentrum clipeus Hoppenrath 2000 [Hoppenrath (2000a)] (?»clipeum«)
1499 Prorocentrum compressum (Bailey 1850) Abé ex Dodge 1975 (=E. oblonga Schiller 1928, E. elongata Rampi 1951,
E. compressa Ostenfeld 1899, P. bidens Schiller 1928, non P. lenticulatum (Matzenauer) F.J.R. Taylor 1976, nec P. lebourae Schiller 1928]
1500 Prorocentrum concavum Fukuyo 1981
1501 Prorocentrum cordatum (Ostenfeld 1901) Dodge 1975 [=E. cordata Ostenfeld, E. pyriformis Schiller 1928,
?P. minimum (Pavillard 1916) Schiller 1931]
1502 Prorocentrum dactylus (Stein 1883) Dodge 1975 (=E. dactylus (Stein) Schütt 1895, Dinopyxis dactylus Stein)
1503 Prorocentrum dentatum Stein 1883 (=?P. obtusidens Schiller 1928,?P. monacense Kufferath 1957,

non P. veloi Osorio-Tafall 1942, non P. shikokuense Hada 1975)
1504 Prorocentrum elegans Faust 1993 [Faust (1993a)]
1505 Prorocentrum emarginatum Fukuyo 1981
1506 Prorocentrum faustiae Morton 1998 [Morton (1998)]
1507 Prorocentrum foraminosum Faust 1993 [Faust (1993b)]
1508 Prorocentrum formosum Faust 1993 [Faust (1993b)]
1509 Prorocentrum gracile Schütt 1895 (=P. diamantinae Wood 1963, non P. sigmoides Böhm 1933)
1510 Prorocentrum hoffmannianum Faust 1990 (=E. hoffmannianum (Faust) McLachlan et Boalch 1997) [McLachlan et al. (1997), Morton (1998)]
1511 Prorocentrum lebourae Schiller 1928 (non P. compressum (Bailey 1850) Abé ex Dodge 1975)
1512 Prorocentrum lenticulatum (Matzenauer 1933) F.J.R. Taylor 1976 (=E. lenticulata Matzenauer,
non P. compressum (Bailey 1850) Abé ex Dodge 1975)
1513 Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg 1860) Dodge 1975 (=Cryptomonas lima Ehrenberg 1860, E. marina Cienkowski 1881,
E. caspica Kiselev 1940, E. lima (Ehrenberg) Bütschli 1885), Dinopyxis laevis Stein 1883, E. laevis (Stein) Schröder 1900,
E. chathamensis Lemmermann 1907, E. cincta Schiller 1918, E. ostenfeldii Schiller 1931, Prorocentrum marinum Dodge et Bibby 1973)
1514 Prorocentrum maculosum Faust 1993 (=E. maculosum (Faust) McLachlan et Boalch 1997) [Faust (1993b)]
209
210
GÓMEZ F.
*Prorocentrum magnum (Gaarder 1954) Dodge 1975
1515 Prorocentrum maximum (Gourret 1883) Schiller 1937 (=P. brochii Schiller 1918, non P. mexicanum Osorio-Tafall 1942)
1516 Prorocentrum mexicanum Osorio-Tafall 1942 (non P. rhathymum Loeblich III, Sherley et R.J. Schmidt 1979)
1517 Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg 1834 (=P. schilleri Böhm in Schiller 1933, P. gibbosum (Schiller 1929) Schiller 1933,
P. levantoides Bursa 1959, P. pacificum Wood 1963)
1518 Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard 1916) Schiller 1931 (=P. mariae-lebourae (Parke et Ballantine 1957) Loeblich III 1970,
P. triangulatum Martin 1929, P. cordiformis Bursa 1959,?P. cordatum (Ostenfeld) Dodge 1975)
1519 Prorocentrum nanum Schiller 1918 (non P. pusillum (Schiller 1928) Loeblich III 1976) [Puigserver and Zingone (2002)]
1520 Prorocentrum norrisianum Faust 1997 [Faust (1997)] (For the epithets commemorating persons, substantive epithets »norrisii« are more
commonly applied than adjectival epithets, ICBN Art. 60.11)
1521 Prorocentrum nux Puigserver et Zingone 2002 [Puigserver and Zingone (2002)]
1522 Prorocentrum obtusidens Schiller 1928 (=?P. dentatum Stein 1883, P. shikokuense sensu Adachi 1972)
1523 Prorocentrum obtusum Ostenfeld 1908
1524 Prorocentrum ovum (Schiller 1918) Dogde 1975
1525 Prorocentrum panamense Grzebyk, Sako et Berland 1998 [Grzebyk et al. (1998)] (published as »panamensis«, ICBN Art. 23.5 and 32.5)
1526 Prorocentrum ponticus Krachmalny et Terenko 2002 (=?P. balticum (Lohmann 1908) Loeblich III 1970) [Krakhmalny and Terenko (2002)]
1527 Prorocentrum pusillum (Schiller 1928) Loeblich III 1976 (=E. pusilla Schiller 1928, non P. nanum Schiller 1918)
1528 Prorocentrum rhathymum Loeblich III, Sherley et R.J. Schmidt 1979 (non P. mexicanum Osorio-Tafall 1942)
1529 Prorocentrum redfieldii Bursa 1959 (=?P. triestinum Schiller 1918)
1530 Prorocentrum reticulatum Faust 1997 [Faust (1997)]
1531 Prorocentrum robustum Osorio-Tafall 1942 (non P. scutellum Schröder 1900)

1532 Prorocentrum rostratum Stein 1883 (=P. styliferum Lohmann 1920, P. tenue Lohmann 1920)
1533 Prorocentrum rotundatum Schiller 1928 (=P. cornutum Schiller 1918)
1534 Prorocentrum ruetzlerianum Faust 1990 (For the epithets commemorating persons, substantive epithets »ruetzleri« are more commonly
applied than adjectival epithets, Art. 60.11)
1535 Prorocentrum sabulosum Faust 1994 [Faust (1994)]
1536 Prorocentrum sculptile Faust 1994 [Faust (1994)]
1537 Prorocentrum scutellum Schröder 1900 (=P. sphaeroideum Schiller 1928, non P. robustum Osorio-Tafall 1942)
1538 Prorocentrum shikokuense Hada 1975 (=?P. donghaiense Lu 2001, non P. dentatum Stein 1883) [Lu and Goebel (2001)]
1539 Prorocentrum sigmoides Böhm 1933 (non P. gracile Schütt 1895)
1540 Prorocentrum triestinum Schiller 1918 (=P. setouti Hada 1975, non P. shikokuense Hada 1975,?P. redfieldii Bursa 1959,
P. pyrenoideum Bursa 1959)
1541 Prorocentrum tropicale Faust 1997 [Faust (1997)] (published as »tropicalis«, ICBN Art. 23.5 and 32.5)
1542 Prorocentrum vaginula (Stein 1883) Dodge 1975 (=P. adriaticum Schiller 1918)
1543 Prorocentrum veloi Osorio-Tafall 1942 (non P. dentatum Stein 1883)
1544 Prorocentrum venetum Tolomio et Cavolo 1985 (resembles P. rhathymum Loeblich III, Sherley et R.J. Schmidt / P. mexicanum Osorio-Tafall)
Pyrocystales Apstein 1909
Pyrocystaceae (Schütt 1896) Lemmermann 1899
114 Dissodinium Klebs in Pascher 1916 emend. Elbrächter et Drebes 1978 (=Diplodinium Klebs 1912, Sporodinium Gönnert 1936)
[a parasite in a part of the life cycle, ?Phytodiniales]
1545 Dissodinium pseudolunula E. Swift 1973 ex Elbrächter et Drebes 1978 (=D. lunula (Schütt 1895) Pascher 1976 partim,
Pyrocystis lunula (Schütt) Schütt 1896 partim, Gymnodinium lunula Schütt 1895 partim)

115 Pyrocystis J. Murray 1876 ex Haeckel 1890 (=Gymnodinium Stein 1878 partim, Murracystis Haeckel 1890, Diplodinium Klebs 1912,
Dissodinium Klebs in Pascher 1916 emend. Elbrächter et Drebes 1978 partim) (8 species)
1546 Pyrocystis acuta Kofoid 1907
1547 Pyrocystis apiculata F.J.R. Taylor 1976
1548 Pyrocystis elegans Pavillard 1931
1549 Pyrocystis fusiformis (Wyville Thomson 1876 ex Haeckel 1890) Blackman 1902 (=Murracystis fusiformis Wyville Thomson in
J. Murray 1885 ex Haeckel 1890, Dissodinium fusiformis (Thomson ex J. Murray) Matzenauer 1933)
*Pyrocystis gerbaultii Pavillard 1935 (=Dissodinium gerbaultii (Pavillard) F.J.R. Taylor 1976
1550 Pyrocystis hamulus Cleve 1900
*Pyrocystis lanceolata Schröder 1900 (=P. fusiformis f. lanceolata (Schröder) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)
1551 Pyrocystis lunula (Schütt 1895) Schütt 1896 (=Gymnodinium lunula Schütt 1895, Diplodinium lunula (Schütt) Klebs 1912 in Pascher 1916,
Dissodinium lunula (Schütt) F.J.R. Taylor, E. Swift et Meunier 1976)
*Pyrocystis margalefii Léger 1973 (=?Dissodinium pseudolunula E. Swift ex Elbrächter et Drebes 1978)
*Pyrocystis minima (Matzenauer 1933) Schiller 1937 (=Dissodinium minimum Matzenauer)
1552 Pyrocystis noctiluca J. Murray 1885 ex Haeckel 1890 (=P. pseudonoctiluca Wyville Thomson ex J. Murray 1876,
211
P. noctiluca J. Murray 1885 ex Schütt 1896)

212
GÓMEZ F.
*Pyrocystis obtusa Pavillard 1931 (=Gymnodinium lunula Schütt 1895)
1553 Pyrocystis robusta Kofoid 1907
*Pyrocystis rhomboides (Matzenauer 1933) Schiller 1937 (=Dissodinium rhomboides Matzenauer)
Suessiales Fensome et al. 1993
Suessiaceae Fensome et al. 1993
116 Polarella Montresor, Procaccini et Stoecker 1999
1554 Polarella glacialis Montresor, Procaccini et Stoecker 1999 [Montresor et al. (1999)]
Thoracosphaerales Tangen in Tangen et al. 1982
Thoracosphaeraceae Schiller 1930 emend. Tangen in Tangen et al. 1982
117 Thoracosphaera Kamptner 1927
1555 Thoracosphaera heimii (Lohmann 1920) Kamptner 1944 (=Syracosphaera heimii Lohmann)
Dinoflagellates of uncertain classification
*Adinimonas Schiller 1928 »Adiniomonas«
*Adinimonas oviforme Schiller 1928
*Archaeosphaerodiniopsis Rampi 1943
*Archaeosphaerodiniopsis verrucosa Rampi 1943
*Pachydinium Pavillard 1915 (=?Protoceratium Bergh 1881,?Goniodoma Stein 1883,
non Pachydinium Kofoid et Swezy 1921=Balechina Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III 1968)
*Pachydinium indicum Matzenauer 1933

*Pachydinium mediterraneum Pavillard 1915
*Berghiella Kofoid et Michener 1911
*Berghiella josephinae F.J.R. Taylor 1976
*Berghiella perplexa Kofoid 1911

A List of Free-Living Dinoflagellate Species in The World's Oceans

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A List of Free-Living Dinoflagellate Species in The World's Oceans

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Acta Bot. Croat.

64 (1), 129–212, 2005 CODEN: ABCRA 25

A list of free-living dinoflagellate species

A checklist of free-living marine dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) is given. The nomencla-

Material and methods

* Corresponding e-mail address: fernando.gomez@fitoplancton.com

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005 129

Results and discussion

130 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005

»hoffmannii«; Prorocentrum norrisianum Faust instead of »norrisii« and Prorocentrum

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005 131

132 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005

DÍAZ-RAMOS, J. R., 2000: Índice de la microflora marina de Venezuela: diatomeas, dino-

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005 133

GÓMEZ, F., 2003: New records of Asterodinium Sournia (Brachidiniales, Dinophyceae).

134 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005 135

136 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005 137

138 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 64 (1), 2005

DINOPHYCEAE G.S. West et Fritsch 1927

Actiniscales Sournia 1984

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

Dinophysiales Lindemann 1928

25 Amphisolenia extensa Kofoid 1907

34 Amphisolenia quadricauda Kofoid et Michener 1911 (=A. quinquecauda Kofoid 1907)

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

70 Dinophysis dubia Balech 1978

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

101 Dinophysis nias Karsten 1907 (=D. triacantha Karsten 1907)

120 Dinophysis richardii (Pavillard 1934) Balech 1967

127 Dinophysis schroederi Pavillard 1909

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

149 Dinophysis urceola Kofoid et Skogsberg 1928

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

13 Metaphalacroma Tai et Skogsberg 1934

228 Ornithocercus geniculatus P. Dangeard 1927

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

295 Amphidinium acutum Schiller 1928 (=A. acutissimum Schiller 1933)

313 Amphidinium cyaneoturbo Conrad et Kufferath 1954

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

343 Amphidinium ornithocephalum Conrad 1939

362 Amphidinium stigmatum Schiller 1928

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

409 Gymnodinium agaricoides P.H. Campbell 1973

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

444 Gymnodinium cnodax Conrad et Kufferath 1954

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

488 Gymnodinium inconstans van Meel 1969

506 Gymnodinium marinum Saville-Kent 1881

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

604 Gyrodinium dominans Hulburt 1957

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

651 Gyrodinium resplendens Hulburt 1957

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

35 Nematodinium Kofoid et Swezy 1921 (=Pouchetia Schütt 1895)

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES

non G. pseudonoctiluca Lebour 1917)

48 Scaphodinium Margalef 1963 (=Leptospathium J. Cachon et Cachon-Enjumet 1964)

FREE-LIVING MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES