Species of Uncertain Affinities Currently Assigned To Glenodinium

Species of uncertain affinities currently
assigned to Glenodinium
Genus 1. Glenodinium Ehrenberg 1836, p. 174

Type species: Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg 1836
The genus Glenodinium was described in a very incomplete way by Ehrenberg in

1836. In the following decades the name G. cinctum was used in most works dealing
with freshwater dinoflagellates, sometimes accompanied by descriptions and illus-
trations which differed considerably from one another. The generic name has been
used with criteria that varied more extensively over the years than for any other
dinoflagellate genus. For many authors throughout the twentieth century the name
was applied on the basis of the negative character of not having visible structure
on the theca (Meunier 1919), despite the definition of the genus based on a range
of tabulations in Schiller’s (1935a) monographic treatment in Rabenhorst’s Kryp-
togamen-flora. When Wołoszyńska (1916) described the genus Sphaerodinium, she
concluded, after publication of her paper, that it was identical to Glenodinium and
that her species Sphaerodinium limneticum was identical to Glenodinium cinctum
(Wołoszyńska 1917). Instead of transferring her species of Sphaerodinium to the
older genus Glenodinium, she did the opposite and transferred Ehrenberg’s Gleno-
dinium cinctum to Sphaerodinium. This resulted in confusion and the exclusion of
the type species from the genus Glenodinium in most identification manuals. Most
species below will undoubtedly be transferred to other genera, and the identity of
the type species will have to be resolved. Because of their very thin amphiesmal
plates, species of this group occupy an intermediary position between the “naked”
gymnodinioids and the heavily “armored” peridinioids and gonyaulacoids. Some
may prove to be peridinioids, other are perhaps woloszynskioids.
Key to species of uncertain affinities currently referred to Glenodinium:
1a Cells with eyespot�� 2
1b Cells without eyespot�� 10
2a Eyespot horseshoe-shaped or triangular�� 3
2b Eyespot comma-shaped or round�� 5
3a Eyespot horseshoe-shaped�� 4
3b Eyespot triangular�� 2. G. amphiconicum
4a Cells dorsoventrally strongly compressed�� 7. G. gessneri
4b Cells barely compressed dorsoventrally�� 1. G. cinctum
5a Chloroplasts present, sulcus does not extend to apex�� 6
5b Chloroplasts absent, sulcus extends to apex��10. G. leptodermum
6a Chloroplasts blue-green or glaucous��8. G. glaucum
6b Chloroplasts yellow or brown�� 7
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2018

Ø. Moestrup, A. J. Calado, Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Bd. 6 – Freshwater
Flora of Central Europe, Vol. 6: Dinophyceae, Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56269-7
454 Species of uncertain affinities currently assigned to Glenodinium
7a Cells strongly compressed dorsoventrally�� 7. G. gessneri
7b Cells not or only slightly compressed dorsoventrally�� 8
8a With numerous chloroplasts�� 9
8b With few large rounded chloroplasts, cells shaped as a parallelogram��
��13. G. peisonis
9a Cingulum slightly descending, sulcus forms circular area on epicone��
��17. G. segriense
9b Cingulum circular, sulcus forms very slight indentation on epicone��
��18. G. vindobonense
10a Edges of the sulcus terminate in antapical tooth��4. G. denticulatum
10b No teeth at the antapical end of the sulcus edges��11
11a Cells disc-shaped�� 12
11b Cells may be slightly compressed dorsoventrally but not disc-shaped�� 13
12a Cells very flat, posterior end flat, undulated, cell 46 µm long; in eutrophic
ponds�� 11. G. limos
12b Cells ca. 14 µm thick and 32 µm long; in acid bogs�� 12. G. mezii
13a Chloroplasts absent��16. G. punctulatum
13b Chloroplast present�� 14
14a Epicone narrower than hypocone�� 3. G. dangeardii
14b Epicone as wide as or wider than hypocone�� 15
15a Epicone wider than hypocone (overhanging)��15. G. pulvisculus
15b Epicone as wide as hypocone (occasionally hypocone wider)�� 16
16a Epicone with apical pore�� 14. G. pseudostigmosum
16b No apical pore�� 17
17a With numerous chloroplasts�� 18
17b With two chloroplasts, one at each end�� 6. G. eurystomum
18a Cell with wide indentation at the right anterior end��5. G. emarginatum
18b Apical end without emargination�� 19
19a Cells 20–24 µm long, sometimes less�� 9. G. helicozoster
19b Cells 30–40 µm long��17. G. segriense
1. Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg sensu auctorum (Fig. 404)
Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg 1836, p. 174; Ehrenberg 1838, p. 257, pl. XXII,
fig. XXII ≡ Peridinium oculatum Dujardin 1841, p. 374 ≡ Peridinium cinctum (Eh-
renberg) Claparède & J. Lachmann 1859, p. 404, nom. illeg. (non Peridinium cinc-
tum (O. F. Müller) Ehrenberg)
Glenodinium berghii Lemmermann 1900b, p. (117) (Glenodinium cinctum sensu
Bergh 1881, pp 247, 248, 251, figs 65–67)
Cells ovoid to subspherical, epi- and hypocone of approximately equal size. Epi-
cone hemispherical to rounded conical, hypocone rounded conical. Cingulum cir-
cular, sulcus does not extend into the epicone. Cells yellow, with smooth theca.
Large horseshoe-shaped eyespot. Ehrenberg (1838) indicated the size as 47 µm;
his illustrations show a range of 33–53 µm in length, width 33–50 µm, thickness
30 µm. Variants by subsequent authors include differences in relative length of the
epi- and hypocone and a differently shaped, or even absent, eyespot.
Ecology: mesotrophic to eutrophic ponds, more rarely in lakes (Lemmermann 1910).
Geographical distribution: Germany.
Genus 1. Glenodinium 455
b d g
c f e h
Fig. 404 Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg (a–f after Ehrenberg 1838; g, h after Bergh

1881). a, b ventral views; c dorsal view; d, e right lateral views; f cell division?; g emp-
ty theca seen from the dorsal side; h recently divided cells within mucilage of division
cyst
2. Glenodinium amphiconicum J. Schiller 1955, p. 49, pl. IX, fig. 49

(“ampliconicum”) (Fig. 405)
Cells biconical, slightly flattened dorsoventrally. Epi- and hypocone of almost

equal size. Sides straight or slightly concave when seen from the ventral side, the
cells thereby acquiring the appearance of a parallelogram. Cingulum barely de-
scending. Sulcus on hypocone only, deeper in front, more flattened posteriorly.
With numerous yellowish-brown chloroplasts, shaped as oval plates. The number
of chloroplasts varies with the season, fewer in spring, more in summer and au-
tumn. Eyespot almost triangular, located in the anterior part of the sulcus, anterior
edge of the eyespot slightly concave. Thin cell cover present. Cells 28–30 µm long,
24–26 µm wide.
Ecology: Lake Neusiedl, Austria, May–October 1951.
Geographical distribution: Austria.
a c d f g
b e
Fig. 405 Glenodinium amphiconicum J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a, b ventral

and dorsal views; c, d ventral views with triangular eyespot; e vertical view; f round
protoplast retracted inside enlarged cell cover; g biconical cell
a b d
c
Fig. 406 Glenodinium dangeardii Lemmermann (after Dangeard 1888). a ventral

view; b, c cell division in immotile stage before and after liberation of daughter cells,
respectively; d immotile cell surrounded by a thick layer of mucilage; e resting cyst
3. Glenodinium dangeardii Lemmermann 1910, p. 634, figs 37–40 (p. 580)

(Fig. 406)
Glenodinium cinctum sensu Dangeard (1888, pp 127, 128, pl. V, figs 1–5)
Epicone hemispherical, smaller than the conical hypocone which is rounded at

the antapex. Cingulum circular. Sulcus extends to the antapex, and slightly onto
the epicone. Chloroplasts yellowish brown. Eyespot absent. Nucleus central. Cell
length 33–42 µm, width 25–32 µm. Cysts thick-walled, spherical. Immotile stage
enveloped by a thick layer of mucilage described by Dangeard (1888), but regarded
by Lemmermann (1910) as perhaps not belonging to this species.
Ecology: in ponds and swamps rich in vegetation.
Geographical distribution: France (Dangeard).
4. Glenodinium denticulatum J. Schiller 1955, p. 52, pl. X, fig. 54 (Fig. 407)
Cells elliptic, not dorsoventrally compressed. Epicone slightly smaller than hy-
pocone, rounded-conical, hypocone trapezoidal with flattened antapex. Cingulum
wide, circular or slightly descending. Sulcus with sharp edges, each edge terminat-
ing into a small tooth. A third tooth is present at the left posterior end of the cell.
a b c
Fig. 407 Glenodinium denticulatum J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a ventral view;

b dorsal view with nucleus; c dorso-posterior view
b c d
a
e
Fig. 408 Glenodinium emarginatum G. A. Klebs (after Klebs 1912). a ventral view
with cell contents; b cell cover in dorsal view, with furrows on the ventral side outlined;
c cell division within parent amphiesma; d, e round cyst and dividing cyst within old
amphiesma
No distinct chloroplasts, but almost colorless yellowish-green discs are probably

chloroplasts. No eyespot. Large nucleus in the cell middle. Cell length 21–23 µm,
width 17–19 µm.
Ecology: Lake Neusiedl, Austria, late summer, at 24–28 ˚C.
Note: this species may be a form of Parvodinium umbonatum.
5. Glenodinium emarginatum G. A. Klebs 1912, pp 394, 439, text-fig. 6 (Fig. 408)
Cells inverted drop-shaped. Epicone rounded conical, larger than the broadly hemi-
spherical hypocone. Epicone with very slight excavation near the apex. Cingulum
descending, sulcus wide and somewhat oval, does not extend onto the epicone.
Chloroplasts elongate plate-shaped, arranged radiating along the periphery. Eye-
spot absent. Cell division within the parent cell, or the cytoplasm of the cell leaves
the theca through the front end of the cell or through the cingulum. Cell length
24–28 µm, width 16–20 µm. Cyst described as spherical, but there is doubt about
whether it is a resting cyst.
Ecology: in plant-filled container in the Botanical Garten, Buitenzorg.
Geographical distribution: Indonesia.
6. Glenodinium eurystomum T. M. Harris 1940, p. 24, fig. 9K–M (Fig. 409)
Cells oval, somewhat compressed dorsoventrally. Epicone larger than hypocone.

Cingulum distinct dorsally, obscure and oblique ventrally. With thin theca. Sulcus
obscure and narrow on the hypocone, large but obscure on the epicone. Eyespot ab-
sent. Two chloroplasts, one in each end of the cell, pale yellow, sometimes brown.
Food vacuoles often present. Maximum dimensions 17×14×8–10 µm, minimum
length 10 µm.
Ecology: small oligotrophic pools in peaty bog in the Reading area, England, July
1936.
Geographical distribution: England.
Note: the wide extension of the sulcus on the epicone is very unusual; it may be related
to food uptake taking place.
a b c
Fig. 409 Glenodinium eurystomum T. M. Harris (after Harris 1940). a, b ventral

views, with chloroplasts (stippled areas) and starch (small bodies) marked in a; c small
cell with ingested food particle (marked with hatching)
a b c d e
Fig. 410 Glenodinium gessneri J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a ventral view with
cell contents and lateral profile of eyespot; b–d ventral, dorsal and lateral views, re-
spectively; e deformed cell with eyespot
7. Glenodinium gessneri J. Schiller 1955, p. 49, pl. IX, fig. 48 (Fig. 410)
Cells biconical, dorsoventrally strongly compressed. Epi- and hypocone of equal

length. Cingulum wide and deep, very slightly descending. Sulcus wide proxi-
mally, becoming more shallow at the antapex, at which point the cell cover shows
a thickening. With numerous, small golden-yellow chloroplasts covering the entire
cell surface. Eyespot comma-shaped when seen from the ventral side, horseshoe-
shaped in lateral view. Cell size (estimated from drawings): length 37–42 µm,
width 33–37 µm and 18 µm thick.
Ecology: Lake Neusiedl, Austria, June 1952, at 18–20 ˚C.
8. Glenodinium glaucum Skvortsov 1968, p. 93, pl. III, fig. 1 (Fig. 411)
Cell broadly spindle-shaped or ovoid with more or less attenuated and rounded
ends. Epi- and hypotheca equal in length. Longitudinal flagellum twice the length
of the cell. Chloroplasts granular, blue-green or glaucous. Eyespot present, nucleus
anterior. With firm and hyaline periplast. Cells 33×22 µm.
Ecology: in plankton of lakes, Sungari River Valley near Harbin, Manchuria.
a
b
Fig. 411 Glenodinium glaucum Skvortsov (after Skvortsov 1968). a optical section;

b outline of vertical view
a b c d e
Fig. 412 Glenodinium helicozoster T. M. Harris (after Harris 1940). a–c different
views of a specimen of the type predominant in autumn, with very pale and indefinite
chloroplast; d, e ventral and dorsal views of specimen of the spring type, with more
conspicuous chloroplasts
Geographical distribution: Manchuria.

Note: the only characteristic feature of this organism is the presence of blue-green chlo-
roplasts. It is probably related to other species with blue-green (cryptomonad) chloro-
plasts such as Nusuttodinium amphidinioides.
9. Glenodinium helicozoster T. M. Harris 1940, p. 23, fig. 8D–H (Fig. 412)
Cells oval. Epi- and hypocone of equal width or the hypocone wider. Epicone ob-
tuse, hypocone somewhat flattened. Epicone and hypocone both dorsoventrally
compressed, the hypocone more so. Theca very thin, always rigid but present only
in larger cells. Cingulum distinct, descending, the ends displaced at least one cingu-
lum width. Sulcus obvious in the hypocone, also extending onto the epicone. Many
yellow, disc-shaped chloroplasts. Eyespot absent. Longitudinal flagellum as long as
the cell. Maximum cell size 24×22×19 µm, normally 20 µm long, but often smaller.
Ecology: in ditches and ponds with rotting leaves, October to May, Reading area.
Note 1: the illustrations provided show cells in which the epicone is usually smaller
than the hypocone. The hypocone is rounded or pointed. Harris (1940) failed to see any
plates, even in large, well-developed specimens. It may belong to Gymnodinium.
Note 2: this taxon differs from G. segriense mainly in size. The two taxa may be con-
specific.
a b
Fig. 413 Glenodinium leptodermum T. M. Harris (after Harris 1940). a ventral view
of slightly plasmolyzed cell with eyespot marked in the sulcus; b dorsal view. Areas
marked with hatching represent ingested items
10. Glenodinium leptodermum T. M. Harris 1940, p. 21, fig. 7A, B (Fig. 413)
Cells oval, somewhat dorsoventrally compressed. Epi- and hypocone equal in size.
Theca thin, absent in small cells. Plates not reported. Sulcus extends onto the epi-
cone, almost reaching the apex. Eyespot small, red. Chloroplasts absent, cytoplasm
colorless. Food vacuoles seen. Cells at maximum 24×16×12 µm, minimum length
14 µm.
Ecology: eutrophic water in July 1936 in water butt, University, Reading.
11. Glenodinium limos T. M. Harris 1940, p. 25, fig. 8A–C (“limpos” in legend)
(Fig. 414)
Cells dorsoventrally strongly compressed, concave ventrally. Epi- and hypocone of

equal size. Hypocone with three shallow, obtuse projections. Chloroplasts not clearly
seen (a single specimen observed). No eyespot. Cell length 46 µm, width 40 µm.
Ecology: eutrophic pond, Reading district, February 1938.
a b
Fig. 414 Glenodinium limos T. M. Harris (after Harris 1940). a–c ventral and dorsal
views, and outline of vertical view of the same cell, respectively
a b
Fig. 415 Glenodinium mezii Steinecke (after Steinecke 1916). a front (dorsal?) view;
b lateral view

Note: Harris (1940) mentions the presence of a rigid periplast but did not see plates.
The shape of the posterior end, with three shallow projections, appears characteristic.
However, in size and shape, it also agrees with Borghiella tenuissima, differing in the
morphology of the posterior end. Like B. tenuissima, G. limos seems to be a cold-water
form. A form of B. tenuissima?
12. Glenodinium mezii Steinecke 1916, p. 37, text-fig. 12 (Fig. 415)
Cells round, disc-shaped, compressed dorsoventrally. Epi- and hypocone of nearly

equal size, the epicone slightly higher and weakly flattened apically, the hypocone
broadly rounded and indented at the antapex. Cingulum narrow, deep with sharp
edges, only distinct on the dorsal side. Sulcus difficult to see. Cell wall thin and
fragile. Cytoplasm with several large vacuoles. Chloroplasts small, yellow discs in
the middle of the cell. Cell length 32 µm, width 21 µm. Moves slowly.
Ecology: described from the large peat bog Zehlau-Bruch near Königsberg, East
Prussia (now oblast Kaliningrad, Russia), October 1913, in brown water at a tem-
perature of ca. 4 ˚C.
Geographical distribution: oblast Kaliningrad, Russia.
Note: when describing this species, Steinecke mentioned a large eyespot to be present.
However, the structure identified as an eyespot is located in the epicone far from the
sulcus, and its identity as an eyespot needs confirmation.
13. Glenodinium peisonis J. Schiller 1955, p. 48, pl. IX, fig. 47 (Fig. 416)
Cells rounded biconical, dorsoventrally barely compressed. Sides almost straight,

the cell therefore resembling a parallelogram. Epi- and hypocone of almost equal
length. Cingulum circular, wide. Sulcus wide, in the posterior end barely visible.
Chloroplasts relatively numerous, large, rounded, oval, yellow to yellowish-brown.
Eyespot very conspicuous because of its intensely red color. Between the chlo-
roplasts numerous red to redbrown lipid droplets. Cell length 22–25 µm, width
20–22 µm.
Ecology: Lake Neusiedl, Austria, September 1950.
a b
Fig. 416 Glenodinium peisonis J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a ventral view with
cell contents, the eyespot marked in front of the nucleus; b dorsal view
a b c
Fig. 417 Glenodinium pseudostigmosum Skuja (after Skuja 1964). a ventral view;

b partial dorsal view; c dorsal view of cell with degenerated, pale chloroplasts and
numerous small grains in the pinkish cytoplasm; d outline of cross-section
14. Glenodinium pseudostigmosum Skuja 1964, pl. LXVII, figs 24–27

(Fig. 417)
Cells broadly oval, dorsal side convex, ventral side flat or slightly concave. Epi-
and hypocone of equal size or the epicone slightly longer. Epicone hemispherical,
hypocone rounded angular, the right side longer than the left side. Cingulum cir-
cular or slightly descending, the ends turned slightly towards the antapex. Sulcus
wider than cingulum, shallow and difficult to see, apparently continuing to the an-
tapex. With slight pore at the apex. Numerous disc-shaped, parietal, pale yellow to
yellowish-brown chloroplasts. Eyespot absent. Nucleus usually in the cell center.
Cytoplasm often pinkish. Lipid droplets in both epi- and hypocone. Cell length
33–38 µm, width 27–34 µm, thickness 20–28 µm.
Ecology: Lake Torneträsk, northern Sweden.
Geographical distribution: Sweden.
Note: this species most likely belongs in Tovellia, Jadwigia or Borghiella, judging from
the anterior pore in the epicone, which probably reflects the presence of an anterior line
of narrow plates.
a b e g h l n
c d
n
f
i j
k m
Fig. 418 Glenodinium pulvisculus (Ehrenberg) F. Stein (a–f after Ehrenberg 1838;

g–m after Stein 1883). a–f cells in different views; g, h ventral and dorsal views; i, j ven-
tral and dorsal views of cell interpreted by Stein (1883) as resulting from cell fusion;
k–m stages interpreted by Stein (1883) as gamete fusion (cell division?). n nucleus
15. Glenodinium pulvisculus (Ehrenberg) F. Stein 1883, pl. III, figs 8–17
(Fig. 418)
Basionym: Peridinium pulvisculus Ehrenberg 1830, p. 38

Nomenclatural synonym: Gymnodinium pulvisculus (Ehrenberg) F. Stein 1878, pp
90, 95, 97, 104
Cells almost spherical, smooth. Epi- and hypocone equal in size, both hemispheri-
cal or broadly hemispherical. Epicone slightly wider than hypocone. Cingulum cir-
cular or slightly descending. Sulcus tapers towards the antapex, terminating before
reaching the antapex. Eyespot absent. Longitudinal division seen. Cell diameter
13–24 µm.
Ecology: “Berlin” (Ehrenberg 1832); swamps in Prague (Stein 1883).
Geographical distribution: Czech Republic (Stein); Germany (Ehrenberg).
16. Glenodinium punctulatum T. M. Harris 1940, p. 21, fig. 7E, F (Fig. 419)
Cells oval, somewhat dorsoventrally compressed. Epi- and hypocone of same size.
Theca very thin but firm, ornamented with small elongate pits. Plates not observed.
Cingulum and sulcus both wide. The sulcus extends onto the epicone. Chloro-
plasts absent, cytoplasm colorless, eyespot absent. Cell length 18–24 µm, width
15–18 µm, thickness 20 µm.
Ecology: in large eutrophic pond, Reading area, February 1938.
a b c d
f e
Fig. 419 Glenodinium punctulatum T. M. Harris (a, b after Harris 1940; c–f after Schil-
ler 1955). a ventral view; b dorsal view, ingested food marked with hatching; c–f ven-
tral, two dorsal and vertical views, respectively, of Glenodinium bieblii J. Schiller
Note: Glenodinium bieblii J. Schiller (1955, p. 48, pl. IX, fig. 46), described from Lake
Neusiedl, Austria, differs in occurring in summer (at 22–24 ˚C) but is otherwise very
similar and may be conspecific.
17. Glenodinium segriense P. A. Dangeard 1939, p. 280, pl. XVII, figs 9–23,
25–29, pl. XVIII, figs 1–17 (Fig. 420)
Cells ovoid, rounded biconical. Epicone broadly hemispherical or rounded conical,

hypocone larger, rounded conical. Cingulum descending, the ends displaced ca.
one cingulum width. Sulcus extends halfway to the antapex, on the epicone forms
a c d f
v
c
c n
e
L
b e g
Fig. 420 Glenodinium segriense P. A. Dangeard (after Dangeard 1939). a, b ventral

views, in b showing central nucleus and traces of amphiesmal plates; c dorsal view;
d dorsal view of motile cell with peripheral chloroplasts (c), starch (s) in the epicone
and vacuoles (v) in the hypocone; e cell with eyespot (e); f thick-walled cyst with
numerous, small lipid bodies, elliptic chloroplasts and central red bodies; g older cyst
showing lipid bodies (L), chloroplasts (c), the nucleus (n) and central red bodies
a b d
c
Fig. 421 Glenodinium vindobonense J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a, b ventral

views; c transverse section; d cyst
a semicircular or elongate-rounded extension. With numerous yellowish brown,

parietal, discoid chloroplasts. Eyespot observed in some specimens but reported
absent in others. Nucleus usually in the epicone. With a few large lipid bodies. Cell
length 30–40 µm, width 20–30 µm. Cells are positively phototactic. Cysts roughly
hexagonal with paracingulum.
Ecology: in temporary stream (desiccation up to several weeks) near Ségrie,
France, during Easter 1939.
Geographical distribution: France.
18. Glenodinium vindobonense J. Schiller 1955, p. 51, pl. X, fig. 51 (Fig. 421)
Cells rounded to elongated elliptic, dorsal side convex, ventral side flattened, the
cell therefore somewhat flattened dorsoventrally. Epi- and hypocone of the same
length, both hemispherical. Cingulum wide, circular. Sulcus extends to the antapex,
becoming rounded here. On the epicone it forms a slight invagination. Chloro-
plasts numerous, rounded or elongate, yellowish-brown, interspersed with numer-
ous small lipid droplets. Eyespot elongate. Cell length 24–26 µm, width 16–20 µm.
Ecology: in eutrophic concrete container in park in Vienna, particularly in summer.
Note: this species differs only in small details (mainly size) from G. segriense and the
two taxa may prove to be conspecific.
Species that cannot be identified due to
insufficient description (nomina inquirenda)
and invalid designations (nomina nuda and
other invalidly published names)
While going through the literature, we have sometimes come across descriptions
of new species of dinoflagellates that are so incomplete as to render meaningful
identification of the species impossible. Not surprisingly, such species have often
not been refound by subsequent authors. It may be argued that the type localities
of these incompletely described species could be revisited and material collected
which agrees morphologically with the original description. While this would be
relevant in cases of often-reported and well-described species, it is less relevant
for poorly-described species not reported since the original description. What also
speaks against the idea of going back to sampling at the type locality is the sad
fact that many freshwater localities have changed beyond recognition since the
organisms were first described, by pollution or otherwise. To select a cell at the
locality as representing the original taxon may be rather arbitrary, and there seems
little point in pursuing such studies. In cases of well-described species when the
original description allows for the species to be recognized, the situation is dif-
ferent, and sampling at the type locality is important to characterize the material
genetically, for comparison with morphologically similar material from other parts
of the world.
Amphidinium achromaticum Skvortsov 1958, p. 194, pl. 5, figs 39, 40
The taxonomic affinity of this taxon cannot be determined. It represents an un-

known and probably unidentifiable uniflagellate protist (Calado & Moestrup 2005).
Amphidinium alinii Skvortsov 1958, p. 195, pl. 6, fig. 59
This organism was described with a single flagellum and bluish-green (glaucous)
chloroplasts. Its identity remains obscure.
Amphidinium lefevrei Skvortsov 1968, p. 83, pl. I, fig. 6 (“lefevrii”);

Amphidinium schilleri Skvortsov 1968, p. 82, pl. I, fig. 4
These two taxa do not appear to differ from each other. Whether they are dinofla-
gellates is uncertain.
Amphidinium nasutum Skvortsov 1958, p. 194, pl. 6, “fig. 65”
There is no figure marked 65 in pl. 6 of Skvortsov (1958), but it is probably the

unnumbered illustration between figs 46 and 52 (see Calado & Moestrup 2005).
This exceptional flagellate with green chloroplasts is very distinct and is perhaps
identifiable because of its snout. It bears little similarity to any dinoflagellate.
468 Species that cannot be identified due to insufficient description
Amphidinium obrae Er. Lindemann 1919, p. 218, text-figs 4, 5 ≡ Lissaïella
obrae (Er. Lindemann) Er. Lindemann 1928b, p. 71
An egg-shaped organism with a short conical point. A transverse furrow is pres-

ent near one end. There is no information about sulcus, flagella or internal parts.
Dimensions ca. 25 × 20 µm. In slightly salty water, Bentschener See, Poland. The
identity of this taxon can hardly be determined.
Amphidinium ovoideum (Lemmermann) Lemmermann 1900b, p. (115)

≡ Prorocentrum ovoideum Lemmermann 1896, p. 147, figs 1–3
This taxon was recorded from fresh water in Brazil (Bicudo & Skvortsov 1970).
However, the drawings provided by Bicudo & Skvortsov, and reprinted by Pop-
ovský & Pfiester (1990, p. 96, fig. 70, a, b), bear little resemblance to Amphidinium
ovoideum as drawn by Lemmermann (1896, p. 147, fig. 1), who illustrates one of
the marine species with a finger-like epicone, related to Amphidinium operculatum
Claparède & J. Lachmann.
Exuviaella wislouchii Skvortsov 1968, p. 80, pl. I, fig. 1 (“Exuviella”)
Original description in English (Skvortsov 1968, p. 81): “Cells from the front
almost spherical or broadly ellipsoid, apex truncate, the posterior pole broadly
rounded, 26–30 × 19–22 µm, in sectional view compressed. Flagella two, slender,
unequal, the principal wound around the cell, the lateral about 1/3 the cell long;
chromatophores yellow-brown; nucleus central; oil droplets numerous; cell motion
rotating forward. … Locality: In a swamp among Utricularia vulgaris in environs
of Harbin.”. The Ochromonas-like cell shown in the illustration of this taxon is
very unlike dinoflagellates, and its identity is therefore uncertain.
Glenodinium cosmariaeforme Skvortsov 1958, p. 195, pl. 5, fig. 32
Cells described as oval in ventral view, kidney-shaped in transverse section, com-

pressed dorsoventrally; “membrana hyalina”; epi- and hypocone of equal length,
rounded; cingulum indistinct; chloroplast green; cell length 33 µm, width 40 µm.
Found in Manchuria. Although the species is described as wider than long, the il-
lustration provided shows a cell longer than wide. The description also mentions
that the epicone and hypocone are of equal length, yet the drawing clearly shows
the epicone to be longer than the hypocone. The description of this species is so
incomplete and confused that it should be considered a nomen inquirendum. We
recommend to avoid using the name.
Glenodinium ellipsoideum Skvortsov 1968, p. 94, pl. III, fig. 5
Cells described as broadly ellipsoid, 18 × 16 µm in size; epi- and hypocone of equal
length, broadly rounded; slightly compressed dorsoventrally; with numerous small,
discoid, brown chloroplasts, marginal eyespot and nucleus nearly central. Found
in Manchuria, in the plankton. The diagnostic features of this species do not allow
it to be identified with any degree of confidence. The name should be considered
a nomen inquirendum and its use discontinued.
Species that cannot be identified due to insufficient description 469
Glenodinium frigidum Skvortsov 1968, p. 94, pl. III, fig. 6
Cells described as variable, almost round or ovoid, moderately dorsoventrally

compressed, 37 × 30 µm in size; epi- and hypotheca about equal in length; girdle
more or less spiral; sulcus short and acute; many brown chloroplasts; nucleus el-
lipsoid; eyespot not seen. The diagnostic features of this species are not sufficient
for reliable recognition. It should be considered a nomen inquirendum and its use
discontinued.
Glenodinium girans Penard 1891, p. 53, pl. IV, figs 5–7
Cell discoid (only one seen!), concave ventrally, convex dorsally. Theca of large,
thin plates. Cingulum distinct, making only three quarters of a turn and appearing
to terminate in a flat ventral area as in Ceratium (a “shield”). The two sides of the
sulcus distinct. Chloroplasts absent. Nucleus below a large central vacuole. No
eyespot. Length and width: ca. 300 µm! (perhaps a mistake for 30 µm?), thickness
ca. 10 µm. Cell movement quick, accompanied by rotation. Penard compares the
path of the cingulum with Ceratium and his pl. IV, fig. 6 resembles a Ceratium
cell seen from the posterior end. The single cell of G. girans found by Penard may
have been a recently germinated cell of Ceratium (the gymnoceratium stage), or
perhaps a teratological cell (see Huber & Nipkow 1923). The name was included
in a list of uncertain species by Schilling (1913) and it is absent from more recent
floras.
Glenodinium inaequale Schmarda 1854, pp 21, 24, pl. VI, fig. 2 ≡ Glenoaulax

inaequalis (Schmarda) Diesing 1866, p. 383
Although it was made the type of a new genus, Glenoaulax Diesing (1866, pp 305,
382), the name was hardly ever used and is absent from twentieth century floras.
The original description of a smooth wall, the broadly rounded cell shape and the
prominent eyespot suggest a woloszynskioid. However, the lack of detailed in-
formation about the organism advises against an attempt to identify it with any
currently recognized species. Labelling it a nomen inquirendum and avoiding its
use will prevent name changes that are difficult to justify, and it appears to be the
best option.
Glenodinium inaequale Chodat 1922, p. 90, fig. 13, nom. illeg. (non Schmarda
1854); an intended transfer to Peridiniopsis by Stein & Borden (1980, pp 3, 30,
39) was invalidly published for lack of reference to place of publication of
basionym
Cells with the anterior portion longer and wider than the posterior. Cell length
20 µm, width 14–16 µm. Sulcus restricted to the posterior portion. Numerous yel-
lowish- or golden-brown chloroplasts. An apical pore is mentioned in the descrip-
tion and illustrated in a drawing that shows a distinct, relatively thick cell cover.
The available features point to a Parvodinium species, but the lack of information
on plates impedes identification.
Glenodinium lemmermannii O. Zacharias 1901, p. 308 (“Lemmermanni”)
(illustrated in Zacharias 1903, p. 291, fig. c)
Cell described as ellipsoid with broadly rounded ends and slightly flattened on the
ventral side; epi- and hypocone of similar size; cell length 60 µm, width 40 µm;
sulcus restricted to the hypocone and not reaching the antapex; nucleus in the epi-
cone and a 25–30 µm round oil body in the hypocone; numerous yellowish-brown
chloroplasts; eyespot absent. The drawing in Zacharias (1903) shows a dorsal view
and there is no information about the shape of the cingulum-sulcus area. The de-
scription is insufficient for a reliable identification.
Glenodinium majale Skvortsov 1958, p. 196, pl. 5, fig. 36
Cells described as pyriform, laterally compressed, with epicone much larger than
hypocone; cell length 148 µm, width 74 µm; chloroplasts brown; amphiesmal plates
distinct, epicone with 5 plates “frontalis equatorialis”, 1 medium and 1 apical plate;
postcingular plates 4 and a single antapical; sulcus with apical (?) spine. Found in
Manchuria. Skvortsov’s illustrations of this very large, thecate dinoflagellate do not
match his description. Reliable identification is not possible.
Glenodinium minutum Skvortsov 1946, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 4
Cells described as widely oval to almost globose, 12 × 8.5 µm; epi- and hypocone
equal in length; numerous brown, discoid chloroplasts; nucleus in the cell middle;
no eyespot. Found in a pond in Manchuria. The description provides no reliable
diagnostic features and the taxon cannot be identified. It should be considered a no-
men inquirendum and its use discontinued.
Glenodinium pulvisculus var. depressum Virieux 1913, p. 5, pl. I, fig. 2

(“depressa”)
Cells very flattened along the apical axis, 22 µm long and 30–32 µm wide. Found
in Lake Victoria near Entebbe, Uganda, Africa. The drawing provided suggests
a diplopsaloid species, but further identification is not possible.
Glenodinium roseolum Schmarda 1854, pp 12, 24, pl. I, fig. 9 ≡ Gymnodinium

roseolum (Schmarda) F. Stein 1878, p. 90 ≡ Amphidinium roseolum (Schmarda)
J. Schiller 1932, p. 312
This organism was described with an asymmetrically located cingulum, but neither
a sulcus nor a sulcal flagellum were seen. An eyespot was illustrated in the smaller
part of the cell suggesting a species of Opisthoaulax. However, its identity cannot
be further determined (Calado & Moestrup 2005; Calado 2011).
Glenodinium rotundatum Skvortsov 1958, p. 195, pl. 5, fig. 34 (“rotundum” in
the legend, p. 202)
Cells described as ovoid or orbicular in ventral view, lightly compressed; epi- and
hypovalve of equal length; cingulum spirals slightly to the left; sulcus distinct;
chloroplasts brown (“brannea”, probably a lapsus calami for brunnea), numerous;
cysts embedded in mucilage; “membrana hyalina”. Found in swamp near Harbin,
Manchuria. The description of this species is very confused. What the lowermost
of the two figures shows is uncertain. The species can never be reliably identified.
The name should be considered a nomen inquirendum and its use discontinued.
Glenodinium turfosum Skvortsov 1958, p. 196, pl. 5, fig. 35
Cells described as widely oval, with thin hyaline cover; length 39 µm, width 14 µm;
epivalve broadly rounded, larger than the hypovalve; apex of the hypovalve very
slightly pointed; cingulum wide; sulcus indistinct; somewhat compressed dorsally;
chloroplasts brown, numerous, discoid; nucleus almost spherical, large, placed al-
most in the middle of the cell; eyespot absent. Found in swamp near Harbin, Man-
churia. The description does not allow for identification of the species. Skvortsov
(1968) mentions that the drawing was not related to the diagnosis, and changed the
diagnosis (in English). We recommend to consider the name a nomen inquirendum
and discourage its further use.
Glenodinium vernale Skvortsov 1968, p. 95, pl. III, fig. 7
Cells described as broadly ovate, not dorsoventrally compressed; epicone shorter

than hypocone; cingulum straight (circular?), sulcus small; discoid, olive-green
chloroplasts; eyespot not seen; nucleus central; length 30 µm, width 20 µm. In cold-
water swamp near Harbin, Manchuria, in spring. The features presented do not
allow for an identification and we suggest considering this a nomen inquirendum.
Glenodinium viride Skvortsov 1958, p. 195, pl. 5, fig. 33
Cells described as broadly ovoid, with hyaline cover (“membrana hyalina”); epi-
cone acute, rounded, longer than the hypocone; hypocone rounded and slightly
acuminate; sulcus oblique; cells slightly compressed, in transverse section kidney-
shaped; nucleus elongate, kidney-shaped, positioned centrally in the epicone; chlo-
roplasts numerous, green, small, discoid; eyespot not seen; length 22–51 µm, width
18–40 µm. The species cannot be identified and the name should not be used.
Gymnodinium biciliatum Ohno 1911, p. 91, pl. 1 ≡ Woloszynskia biciliata

(Ohno) Stosch 1973, p. 131
Epi- and hypocone of almost the same length. Cingulum barely descending. With
two longitudinal flagella. Cell length 21–25 µm, width 15–21 µm. Cysts often with
spines. In spring near Tokyo, Japan. Cells positively phototactic. No information
was provided about cell contents, but water containing large numbers of cells was
described to be reddish-brown.
Sexual reproduction was not known in dinoflagellates at the time of Ohno’s de-
scription, and he was therefore unaware that the cells he described and illustrated
were planozygotes, formed by fusion of motile gametes. Such planozygotes have
now been observed in many species of dinoflagellates. Some of the zygotes found
by him, e. g. his fig. 21, appear to belong to the Tovelliaceae, as similar cysts are
known to occur in Tovellia and Opisthoaulax. However, cyst-formation observed
by Ohno resulted in cysts without spines and the spiny cysts he describes may there-
fore belong to different species. Bicudo & Skvortsov (1970), in material from Bra-
zil, found cells that they identified as Gymnodinium biciliatum and having a single
longitudinal flagellum. The cell illustrated (Bicudo & Skvortsov 1970, fig. 1) has
few characters in common with the Japanese material. It is very uncertain which
species Ohno was describing, and we consider this taxon as unidentifiable.
Gymnodinium depressum Skvortsov 1968, pp 88, 89, pl. II, fig. 4
This taxon was described as a dinoflagellate but there is little information about
cingulum, sulcus or flagella. We consider the description to be inadequate for iden-
tification.
Gymnodinium frigidum Skvortsov 1968, p. 87, pl. II, fig. 1, nom. illeg. (non
Gymnodinium frigidum Balech in Balech & El-Sayed 1965, p. 112, pl. I, figs 6, 7)
Cells described as nearly spherical with broadly rounded poles and very thin, hya-
line cell cover (“membrana tenuissima”); slightly compressed dorsoventrally; chlo-
roplasts green and discoid; eyespot not observed; flagella of equal length (?); cell
length 26 µm, width 23 µm. Found in cold water swamp near Harbin, Manchuria.
The cingulum was described as straight and indistinct though it is well-marked in
the figure. The only information about the sulcus is that it is short. We consider the
description to be inadequate for identification.
Gymnodinium olivaceum Skvortsov 1968, p. 89, pl. II, figs 6, 7
Too little information was given about cingulum, sulcus or flagella. We consider the
Gymnodinium sinuatum Skvortsov 1968, p. 90, pl. II, fig. 8
Too little information was given about cingulum, sulcus or flagella. We consider the
Gymnodinium terrum Baumeister 1943a, p. 336, fig. 3a
Cells colorless, shaped like a quadrangle. Epi- and hypocone both conical with
slightly convex sides, equal in length. Epicone wider than hypocone. Cell length
28 µm, width 23–27 µm. Cells swim slowly with sudden jumps. Found in grassy
hollows in Germany. The description provides no information about cingulum, sul-
cus or cells contents, and only a silhouette is used as an illustration.
A long series of Hemidinium species was described by Skvortsov (1958, 1968)
from Eastern Asia. Most species were described in a very incomplete way, often
with single illustrations that did not differ significantly from each other. Being a ge-
nus with a difficult taxonomy, the many new and incompletely described species
increase the confusion, and we eventually gave up trying to include them in this
book. The list of poorly described species includes:
Hemidinium animale Skvortsov 1968, p. 99, pl. IV, fig. 6
Hemidinium aquae-frigidae Skvortsov 1968, p. 100, pl. IV, fig. 10

(“aquae frigidae”)
Hemidinium kisselewii Skvortsov 1968, p. 98, pl. IV, fig. 4
Hemidinium kofoidii Skvortsov 1968, p. 101, pl. IV, fig. 11
Hemidinium lindemannii Skvortsov 1968, p. 102, pl. IV, fig. 12 (“Lindemanni”)
Hemidinium mucosum Skvortsov 1958, p. 194, pl. 5, fig. 21
Hemidinium oculatum Skvortsov 1958, p. 194, pl. 5, fig. 26 (“occulatum”)
Hemidinium olivaceum Skvortsov 1968, p. 100, pl. IV, fig. 8
Hemidinium woloszynskae Skvortsov 1968, p. 102, pl. IV, fig. 13

(“woloszynkas” in text)
Peridinium corpusculum Perty 1852, p. 162, pl. VII, fig. 14 ≡ Proaulax

corpusculum (Perty) Diesing 1866, p. 383 ≡ Gymnodinium corpusculum (Perty)
Kent 1881, p. 443
Described with epi- and hypocone of different sizes. The illustrations show a num-
ber of aspects that are difficult to interpret. Reliable identification is not possible.
Peridinium planulum Perty 1852, p. 162, pl. VII, fig. 17 ≡ Glenodinium

planulum (Perty) Diesing 1866, p. 392
The shape and color suggest a species of the Peridinium cinctum group. However,
the lack of information about plates prevents further identification.
Peridinium truncatum O. Zacharias 1903, p. 292, fig. d
Upper half with concave sides, with a short spine on each side, lower part almost
semicircular, sometimes angular. Rather dark brown. Length 62 µm, width 66 µm,
thickness 54 µm. Plankton sample, alpine lake Aschensee, Austria (Tyrol), Au-
gust 1902. The identity of this taxon is presently unknown.
Peridinium uberrimum G. J. Allman 1854, p. 119 (“Peridinia uberrima”)

≡ Melodinium uberrimum (G. J. Allman) Kent 1881, p. 445 ≡ Gymnodinium
uberrimum (G. J. Allman) Kofoid & Swezy 1921, p. 264
Gymnodinioid cells originally described as covered with vibratile cilia (illustrated

in Allman 1855). The well-defined, apparently stiff cover without visible plates
suggests a woloszynskioid, but the available characters are insufficient even for
a reliable generic assignment. The purported presence of cilia outside the cingulum
led Kent (1881, pp 440, 445) to propose the new genus Melodinium. The generic
name did not catch on and the statement that the genus was ‘provisionally estab-
lished’ (Kent 1881, p. 445) arguably renders the name invalidly published (McNeill
et al. 2012, Art. 36.1).
Prorocentrum manshuricum Skvortsov 1958, p. 193, pl. 5, fig. 28
The identity of this taxon is very uncertain. It bears little resemblance to Prorocen-
trum, differing in having a single flagellum arising from a papilla and numerous
discoid chloroplasts.
Invalidly published designations
Amphidinium glaucovirescens J. Schiller 1955, p. 25, pl. I, fig. 10
Cells round-ovoid, not compressed dorsoventrally. Epicone bonnet shaped, hypo-

cone almost hemispherical. Hypocone approximately twice the length of the epi-
cone. Cingulum descending, wide, the ends slightly displaced. Sulcus also wide.
Three large bluish chloroplasts or ingested cyanobacteria. Cytoplasm with numer-
ous small lipid droplets and irregular grains. Cell length 16–18 µm, width 14–16 µm.
Ecology and geographical distribution: Ruster Kanal of Lake Neusiedl, winter, at
1–7˚C. Austria.
Schiller noted the naming of this species as preliminary (“ad int.”) and it is there-
fore invalidly published according to the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 36.1,
Ex. 6). It is perhaps a species of Nusuttodinium.
Amphidinium obliquum J. Schiller 1955, p. 24, pl. I, fig. 8
Cells spherical to ovoid. Epicone flat, asymmetric, hypocone hemispherical, the

left side of the cell more curved than the right side. Hypocone 2–3× the length of
the epicone. Cingulum narrow, circular. Sulcus wide, narrowing midway towards
the antapex but widening again at the antapex. Approximately 10–12 light-brown
chloroplasts, rounded, disc-shaped. Cell length 12 µm, width 10–11 µm.
Ecology and geographical distribution: Ruster Kanal of Lake Neusiedl, Septem-
ber 1951. Austria.
Schiller indicated that the proposed designation was preliminary (“ad interd.”)
and it is therefore invalidly published according to the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012,
Art. 36.1). It is a poorly described species, based only on two fixed cells, and there
seems to be little point in validating the name.
Glenodinium regulare Massart 1901, p. 82, nomen nudum (name in a list)
Gymnodinium frigidum Wołoszyńska 1952, p. 312, pl. III, fig. 5, nomen nudum

(no description)
Gymnodinium gracile Lackey 1942, p. 193 (“gracilis”), nomen nudum

(provisional name in a list); non Gymnodinium gracile Bergh 1881, pp 251, 255,
figs 68, 69
Peridinium umbonatum var. toporense Wołoszyńska 1952, p. 314, pl. X,

figs 1–4, nomen nudum (no description)
List of taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties
appearing in this book
New orders
Amphidiniales Moestrup & Calado ordo nov.
Tovelliales Moestrup & Calado ordo nov.
New families
Amphidiniaceae Moestrup & Calado fam. nov.
Gyrodiniaceae Moestrup & Calado fam. nov.
Sphaerodiniaceae Moestrup & Calado fam. nov.
New genera
Matvienkoella Moestrup & Calado gen. nov.
Speroidium Moestrup & Calado gen. nov.
New species
Gymnodinium alaskense Bursa ex Moestrup & Calado sp. nov.
Gymnodinium astigmatum Moestrup & Calado sp. nov.
Gymnodinium intermedium Moestrup & Calado sp. nov.
Gymnodinium leptostauron Moestrup & Calado sp. nov.
Gymnodinium spirodinioides Moestrup & Calado sp. nov.
Hemidinium nobile Skuja ex Moestrup & Calado sp. nov.
Peridinium corrientes Moestrup sp. nov.
New variety
Actiniscus pentasterias var. arcticus Bursa ex Moestrup & Calado var. nov.
New names
Gymnodinium lividum Moestrup & Calado nom. nov.
Gymnodinium thompsonii Kisselev ex Moestrup & Calado nom. nov.
Gymnodinium vernum Moestrup nom. nov.
Nusuttodinium limneticum Moestrup & Calado nom. nov.
Stylodinium quadrangulare Moestrup & Calado nom. nov.
478 List of taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties appearing in this book
New combinations
Apocalathium aciculiferum var. inerme (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup & Calado comb.
nov.
Apocalathium aciculiferum var. juratense (Chodat & F. Chodat) Moestrup & Ca-
lado comb. nov.
Biecheleria aesculus (Baumeister) Moestrup comb. nov.
Biecheleria cestocoetes (R. H. Thompson) Moestrup comb. nov.
Biecheleria ordinata (Skuja) Moestrup comb. nov.
Biecheleria ordinata var. sparsa (Popovský) Moestrup comb. nov.
Borghiella marylandica (R. H. Thompson) Moestrup comb. nov.
Borghiella pascheri (Suchlandt) Moestrup comb. nov.
Borghiella silvatica (Er. Lindemann) Moestrup comb. nov.
Borghiella woloszynskae (Pascher) Moestrup comb. nov.
Chimonodinium baliense (Er. Lindemann) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Chimonodinium brasiliense (Borics & Grigorszky) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Chimonodinium godlewskii (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Chimonodinium granulosum (Playfair) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Chimonodinium keyense (Nygaard) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Chimonodinium lomnickii var. minus (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov.
Cystodinium cornifax var. tenuirostre (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Gloeodinium montanum var. tatricum (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium aeschrum (T. M. Harris) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium elongatum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Gymnodinium fontinale (C. E. M. Bicudo & Skvortsov) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium hyperxanthoides (T. M. Harris) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium hyperxanthum (T. M. Harris) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium kesslitzii (J. Schiller) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium kesslitzii var. sanctipaulense (C. E. M. Bicudo & Skvortsov) Moes-
trup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium mazuricum (Javornický) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium mucicola (W. Conrad) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium partitum (Perty) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium planum (Fott) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium pratense (Baumeister) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium pusillum var. minus (Skuja) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium radiatum (Javornický) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Gymnodinium ruttneri (J. Schiller) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium sanctipaulense (C. E. M. Bicudo & Skvortsov) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium schilleri (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gymnodinium sphagnicola (W. Conrad) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Gymnodinium vierae (Javornický) Moestrup comb. nov.
Gyrodinium molopicum (T. M. Harris) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Jadwigia hiemalis (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov.
Jadwigia limnetica (Bursa) Moestrup comb. nov.
Jadwigia neglecta (A. J. Schilling) Moestrup comb. nov.
Matvienkoella ovum (Bourrelly) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
New combinations 479
Naiadinium lubieniensiforme (Diwald) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium bidentatum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium caerulescens (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium campaniforme (Popovský) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium crassifilum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium cyaneum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium eucyaneum (H. J. Hu) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium hiemale (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium indicum (Shyam & Sarma) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium lacunarum (Skuja) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium montanum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium oculatum (J. Schiller) Moestrup comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium phthartum (Skuja) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Nusuttodinium viride (Penard) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Parvodinium africanum var. spinulosum (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov.
Parvodinium africanum var. tatricum (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov.
Parvodinium centenniale var. ovale (Playfair) Moestrup comb. nov.
Parvodinium dzieduszyckii (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov.
Parvodinium inconspicuum var. armatum (Lemmermann) Moestrup comb. nov.
Parvodinium morzinense var. papilliferum (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup & Calado
comb. nov.
Parvodinium umbonatum var. armatum (M. Lefèvre) Moestrup comb. nov.
Parvodinium umbonatum var. papilliferum (Lemmermann) Moestrup comb. nov.
Parvodinium umbonatum var. spiniferum (M. Lefèvre) Moestrup comb. nov.
Peridiniopsis cunningtonii var. excavata (M. Lefèvre) Moestrup comb. nov.
Peridiniopsis cunningtonii var. treubii (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov.
Peridiniopsis hiemalis (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Peridiniopsis pygmaea var. brigantina (Er. Lindemann) Moestrup & Calado comb.
nov.
Peridiniopsis pygmaea var. brigantino-armata (M. Lefèvre) Moestrup & Calado
comb. nov.
Peridiniopsis quadridens var. adens (Entz) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Peridinium gatunense var. carinatum (Steinecke & Er. Lindemann) Moestrup &
Calado comb. nov.
Peridinium volzii var. maeandricum (Lauterborn) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Speroidium austriacum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Speroidium fungiforme (Anisimova) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
Stylodinium baumeisteri (C. E. M. Bicudo & Skvortsov) Moestrup & Calado comb.
nov.
Unruhdinium armebeense (Ten-Hage, K. P. Da & Couté) Moestrup & Calado
comb. nov.
Unruhdinium durandii (S. Rodriguez, Couté, Ten-Hage & Mascarell) Moestrup &
Calado comb. nov.
Unruhdinium penardii var. maius (Er. Lindemann) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov.
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Index
All formal names of taxa at the rank of genus or below are printed in italics. Page
numbers in bold indicate entries for recognized taxa; numbers in italics mark the
pages where names are found in identification keys; bold-italics indicates illustra-
tions; regular type is used for other mentions of a taxon. Names of genera are listed
in their alphabetic position, followed by the indented list of specific and infra
specific taxa mentioned in each genus. To facilitate the search for names of taxa
that have recently changed genus, specific epithets are included in their alphabetic
position followed by the generic names; and the last epithet of infraspecific taxa is
followed by the species name and the rank indication.
A adens, Peridinium quadridens f. 243

absumens, Gymnodinium 77 adens, Peridinium quadridens var. 243
acerosum, Cystodinium 394, 396, 396 adpressa, Phytodinedria 420, 420, 421
achromaticum, Amphidinium 467 aeruginea, Phytodinedria 420, 420, 421
achromaticum, Amphidinium tatrae f. 355 aeruginosum, Gymnodinium 145, 146
achromaticum, Peridinium 289 aeruginosum, Nusuttodinium 46, 143, 145,
achromaticum, Protoperidinium 284, 289, 290 146, 151
achroum, Cystodinium 405 aeschrum, Amphidinium 74
achroum, Gymnodinium 77 aeschrum, Gymnodinium 72, 74, 76
achroum, Gymnodinium helveticum f. 160, aesculum, Gymnodinium 348
162 aesculus, Biecheleria 346, 348, 348
aciculiferum, Apocalathium 28, 30, 33, 36, aestivale, Gymnodinium 125
299, 300, 301, 305 africanum, Parvodinium 29, 206, 207, 210,
aciculiferum, Glenodinium 300 211
aciculiferum, Peridinium 28, 300 africanum, Peridinium 29, 210
aciculiferum, Peridinium umbonatum var. 300 africanum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 211
acidotum, Gymnodinium 46, 144, 146 africanum (Bourrelly) Bourrelly, Stylodinium,
acidotum, Nusuttodinium 46, 143, 144, 144, nom. illeg. 435
146, 152 africanum Bourrelly, Stylodinium 429, 430,
Actiniscaceae 61, 62 431, 435
Actinisceae 62 africanus, Dinococcus 435
Actiniscus 62, 62, 64 alaskense, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 76, 77
–– canadensis 62, 63, 64 alatum, Gymnodinium 297
–– pentasterias 62 alatum, Peridinium 262
–– pentasterias var. arcticus 62, 62, 63 albulum, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 72, 73, 77,
acuminatum, Gymnodinium, nom. inval. 346 77, 102
acuminatum, Peridinium striolatum f. 260 alinii, Amphidinium 467
acuminatum, Peridinium striolatum var. 260, allorgei, Peridinium 270, 270
260 alsiophilum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 78, 79
acuta, Apsteinia 287 amazonica, Peridiniopsis 31, 226, 227, 229
acuta, Diplopsalis 21, 287 ambigua, Diplopsalis 286
acuta, Entzia 287 ambiguum, Glenodinium 10, 286
acuta, Kolkwitziella 21, 287, 288 ambiguum, Kansodinium 10, 286, 286
acutum, Glenodinium 287 ambiguum, Peridinium 210
acutum, Peridinium 287 amphiconicoides, Gymnodinium 141
adens, Peridiniopsis quadridens var. 243, 244 amphiconicum, Glenodinium 453, 455, 455
532 Index
Amphidiniaceae VIII, 60 –– ruttneri 127
Amphidiniales VIII, 13, 52, 53, 60 –– sauerzopfii 355
amphidinioides, Amphidinium 147 –– schilleri 467
amphidinioides, Gymnodinium 147 –– skujae 355
amphidinioides, Nusuttodinium 46, 144, 147, –– sphagnicola 130
148, 155, 459 –– steinii 60, 61
Amphidiniopsis 7, 181, 284, 284 –– tatrae 355
–– kofoidii 284 –– tatrae f. achromaticum 355
–– sibbaldii 284, 285 –– tenagodes 355
Amphidinium VIII, 4, 14, 60, 65, 355 –– turicense 355
–– achromaticum 467 –– vernale 355
–– aeschrum 74 –– vigrense 147, 148
–– alinii 467 –– viride 357
–– amphidinioides 147 –– vorax 357
–– bidentatum 149 anauniensis, Baldinia 40, 321, 321, 322
–– bourrellyi 147, 148 andersenii, Borghiella 323, 324, 325, 327
–– caerulescens 144, 150, 150 andrzejowskii, Peridinium 196
–– coprosum 147, 148, 149 anglicum, Peridinium 202
–– cryophilum 88 anglicum, Peridinium apiculatum f. 202
–– elenkinii 355 anglicum, Peridinium laeve subsp. 202
–– eucephalum 355 anglicum, Peridinium palatinum f. 203
–– geitleri, nom. illeg. 147 angulatum, Peridinium cinctum f. 246
–– glaucovirescens, nom. inval. 475 angulatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 246
–– gyrinum 355 angulosum, Peridinium geminum var. 220
–– hyalinum 355 animale, Hemidinium 333, 334, 473
–– inconstans 355 apentasterias, Pseudoactiniscus 64, 65
–– kesslitzii 99 apiculata, Gonyaulax 179
–– kesslitzii var. sanctipaulense 100 apiculata, Tovellia 374, 375, 377
–– klebsii 61 apiculata, Woloszynskia 375
–– lacunarum 154 apiculatum Ehrenberg, Glenodinium 160, 202
–– lacustre 46, 355 apiculatum O. Zacharias, Glenodinium, nom.
–– larvale 355 illeg. 160
–– lefevrei 467 apiculatum, Gymnodinium helveticum var. 160
–– lohammarii 357 apiculatum (Ehrenberg) Claparède & J. Lach-
–– luteum 356 mann, Peridinium 179, 202
–– mucicola 111 apiculatum Penard, Peridinium, nom.
–– multiplex 357 illeg. 179
–– nasutum 467 apiculatum, Peridinium berolinense var. 297,
–– obliquum, nom. inval. 475 298
–– obrae 468 apiculatum, Properidinium 202
–– oculatum 156 apiculatum, Tyrannodinium berolinense
–– operculatum 60, 468 var. 297
–– operculatum var. steinii 60 apiculatus, Palatinus 181, 202, 202, 203, 205
–– ovoideum 468 Apocalathium 292, 298, 299, 306
–– phthartum 157 –– aciculiferum 28, 30, 33, 36, 299, 300,
–– pusillum 99, 100 301, 305
–– radiatum 124 –– aciculiferum var. inerme 300, 302, 302
–– roseolum 470 –– aciculiferum var. juratense 299, 302, 303
Index 533
–– baicalense 30, 299, 303, 303 austriaca, Massartia 296
–– euryceps 30, 299, 304, 304 austriacum, Ceratium hirundinella morpho-
–– malmogiense 28, 30, 300, 305, 306 type 167, 167
apoda, Peridinium bipes f., nom. inval. 274 austriacum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 80, 81
applanata, Jadwigia 361, 362, 362, 363 austriacum, Katodinium 296
Apsteinia austriacum, Speroidium 294, 296, 296
–– acuta 287 autumnale Christen, Gymnodinium, nom.
aquae-frigidae, Hemidinium 333, 334, 473 inval. 104
arcticus, Actiniscus pentasterias var. 62, 62, autumnale Skvortsov, Gymnodinium 145, 146
63 aveirensis, Tovellia 374, 378, 378
arenicola, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 79, 79
areolatum, Peridinium cinctum f. 246
areolatum, Peridinium westii var. 246 B
armata, Bourrellyella 413 Bagredinium
armatum, Dinastridium 411, 413, 413 –– crenulatum 278
armatum, Parvodinium inconspicuum baicalense, Apocalathium 30, 299, 303, 303
var. 222, 222 baicalense, Gymnodinium 30, 68, 69, 81, 81
armatum, Parvodinium umbonatum var. 209, baicalense, Peridinium 30, 303
209 balatonicum, Peridinium inconspicuum
armatum, Peridinium inconspicuum f. 222 var. 220
armatum, Peridinium inconspicuum var. 222 Baldinia 320, 321, 321
armatum, Peridinium umbonatum f. 209 –– anauniensis 40, 321, 321, 321
armatum, Peridinium umbonatum var. 209 –– bernardinensis 321, 322, 323
armatum, Tetradinium chiastosporum var. 86 baliense, Chimonodinium 29, 299, 310, 311
armebeense, Unruhdinium 190, 191, 192 baliense, Peridinium 9, 29, 310
armebeensis, Peridiniopsis 191 baltica, Durinskia 187, 188, 188
armoricanum, Gymnodinium 134 balticum, Glenodinium 188
asiaticum, Hypnodinium 419 balticum, Peridinium 188
astigmatum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 80, 80 bataviense, Cystodinium 388, 392, 394, 394,
astigmatum, Gymnodinium neglectum var. 364 395
astigmatum, Katodinium, nom. inval. 80 baumeisteri, Dinopodiella 431
astigmosum, Gymnodinium paradoxum f. 136, baumeisteri, Gymnodinium 67, 68, 82, 82
137 baumeisteri, Stylodinium 429, 431, 431
Asulcocephalium 320, 344, 345, 345 bavariense, Stylodinium 429
–– miricentonis IX, 345, 346 belizense, Parvodinium 207, 214, 215
asymmetricum, Gymnodinium 133 belizense, Peridinium 214
asymmetricum, Gyrodinium 133 berghii, Glenodinium 454
auburnense, Peridinium striolatum f. 260 bernardinense, Bernardinium 33, 360, 361
auburnense, Peridinium striolatum var. 260, bernardinense, Glenodinium 322
260 bernardinensis, Baldinia 321, 322, 323
auratum, Katodinium 68, 158, 159 Bernardinium 7, 359, 360
aureum, Phytodinium 426, 427, 427 –– bernardinense 33, 360, 361
australe, Peridinium 269, 277 berolinense, Glenodinium 297
australe, Peridinium tabulatum var. westii berolinense, Peridinium 8, 297
f. 269 berolinense, Tyrannodinium 296, 297
australe, Peridinium volzii var. 265 berolinensis, Peridiniopsis 297, 404
australicum, Glenodinium 10, 184, 364, 365 beta/epsilon-collineatum, Peridinium cinctum
austriaca, Gonyaulax 179 var. 246
534 Index
beta-collineatum, Peridinium guestrowiense –– tenuissima 13, 323, 329, 329, 381, 461
var. 265 –– woloszynskae 323, 329, 330, 330
beta-collineatum, Peridinium semicirculatum Borghiellaceae 19, 20, 53, 319, 320, 321
var. 247 botanicum, Peridinium volzii var. 268, 268
beta-delta-bitravectum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi botanicum, Peridinium willei var. 268
var. 238 Bourrellyella 9, 411
biciliata, Woloszynskia 471 –– armata 413
biciliatum, Gymnodinium 471, 472 bourrellyi, Amphidinium 147, 148
bicollineatum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi brachyceroides, Ceratium furcoides morpho-
var. 238 type 175, 176
bicorne, Cystodinium 414 brachyceros, Ceratium 165, 168, 169
bicornis, Dinococcus 414, 416 brachyceros, Ceratium hirundinella var. 168
bicornis, Raciborskia 414 brasiliense, Chimonodinium 30, 300, 310, 311
bidentatum, Amphidinium 149 brasiliense, Cystodinium bataviense var. 396,
bidentatum, Nusuttodinium 144, 149, 149 396
bieblii, Glenodinium 464, 464 brasiliense, Cystodinium phaseolus var. 408,
Biecheleria 320, 345, 345 409
–– aesculus 346, 348, 348 brasiliense, Hemidinium 332
–– cestocoetes 346, 348, 349 brasiliense, Peridinium 30, 310
–– ordinata 345, 346, 349, 350 brevipes, Cystodinium 390, 414
–– ordinata var. sparsa 350, 350 brigantina, Peridiniopsis pygmaea var. 241,
–– pseudopalustris 27, 344, 345, 346, 346, 241
347 brigantino-armata, Peridiniopsis pygmaea
bipes, Peridinium 28, 31, 36, 181, 272, 272, var. 241, 242
273 brigantino-armatum, Peridinium pygmaeum
biradiatum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi var. 238 f. 241
bisaetosum, Cystodinium 398 brigantinum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi f. 238
bisaetosum, Gymnodinium 398 brigantinum, Peridinium pygmaeum f. 241
biscutelliforme, Glenodinium gymnodinium brunnea, Cystodinedria 389, 389, 390
var. 315 bryophyticum, Hemidinium 332, 333, 334
biscutelliforme, Naiadinium 315 Bursaria
bitravectum, Peridinium laeve var. 204 –– hirundinella 3, 165
blax, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 82, 83 Bysmatrum 306
bogoriense, Gymnodinium 33, 68, 71, 83, 83
bohemicum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 84, 84
bohemicum, Katodinium 84 C
boliviensis, Peridiniopsis cristata var. 231, caerulescens, Amphidinium 144, 150, 150
231 caerulescens, Gymnodinium 149
borgei, Glenodinium 227 caerulescens, Nusuttodinium 144, 149, 149
borgei, Peridiniopsis 5, 8, 20, 21, 32, 226, Calciodinellaceae 298
227, 227, 228 calcisporum, Theleodinium 25, 317, 318, 319
borgei, Peridinium 227 californicum, Peridinium penardii f. 187, 192
Borghiella 320, 321, 322, 323, 359, 462 campaniforme, Gymnodinium 150
–– andersenii 323, 324, 325, 327 campaniforme, Nusuttodinium 143, 150, 150
–– dodgei 33, 322, 323, 324, 324, 327, 329 campylops, Katodinium 368
–– marylandica 323, 325, 326 campylops, Massartia 368
–– pascheri 323, 326, 327 campylops, Opisthoaulax 366, 368, 368
–– silvatica 323, 328, 328 canadensis, Actiniscus 62, 63, 64
Index 535
cancer, Closterium 398 –– hirundinella morphotype robustum 167,
carinatum, Gymnodinium 113 168
carinatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 253 –– hirundinella morphotype scotticum 167,
carinatum, Peridinium gatunense var. 253, 168
254 –– hirundinella var. brachyceros 168
carinthiacum, Ceratium hirundinella morpho- –– hirundinella var. furcoides 174
type 167, 167 –– kumaonense 165
carinthiacum, Peridinium willei var. 262 –– longicorne 165
caroliniana, Dimastigoaulax 168 –– macroceras 165
carolinianum, Ceratium 10, 164, 165, 168, –– monoceras 165, 176, 177
170 –– rhomvoides 164, 165, 167, 175, 177, 178
carolinianum, Peridinium 168 –– tetraceras 164, 165
carpaticum, Peridinium wierzejskii f., nom. cestocoetes, Biecheleria 346, 348, 349
inval. 309 cestocoetes, Gymnodinium 348
caudatum, Gymnodinium 67, 84, 85 cestocoetes, Woloszynskia 348
caudatum, Peridinium 220 chalubinskii, Peridinium 256
caudatum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 220 charkowiense, Peridinium 239
centenniale, Parvodinium 207, 215, 216 charkowiensis, Peridiniopsis 237, 239, 239
centenniale, Peridinium 215 chiastosporum, Dinastridium 85
centenniale, Peridinium umbonatum var. 215 chiastosporum, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 85,
cerasiforme, Stylodinium 429, 431, 432, 438 86, 137
Ceratiaceae 163, 163 chiastosporum, Tetradinium 85
Ceratium 3, 4, 9, 10, 36, 53, 164, 469 Chimonodinium 292, 298, 299, 306
–– brachyceros 165, 168, 169 –– baliense 29, 299, 310, 311
–– carolinianum 10, 164, 165, 168, 170 –– brasiliense 30, 300, 310, 311
–– carolinianum var. elongatum 171, 171 –– godlewskii 300, 312, 312
–– cornutum 164, 165, 172, 173 –– granulosum 299, 300, 312, 313
–– curvirostre 168 –– keyense 300, 314, 314
–– elongatum, nom. inval. 171 –– lomnickii 25, 31, 300, 306, 307
–– furca var. lacustre 174 –– lomnickii var. minus 308, 308
–– furcoides 30, 34, 35, 164, 165, 174, 174, –– lomnickii var. splendidum 299, 308, 309
175, 176, 177, 178 –– lomnickii var. wierzejskii 300, 309, 310
–– furcoides morphotype brachycer- christenii, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 86, 87
oides 175, 176 cincta, Vorticella 3, 246
–– furcoides morphotype furcoides 175, 176 cinctiforme, Peridinium volzii var. 265, 268,
–– furcoides morphotype silesiacum 176, 176 269
–– furcoides morphotype yuennanense 176, cinctum, Glenodinium 184, 195, 339, 344,
176 453, 454, 455, 456
–– handelii 174 cinctum (Ehrenberg) Claparède & J. Lachmann,
–– hirundinella 27, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 164, Peridinium, nom. illeg. 454
165, 165, 166, 167, 175, 177 cinctum (O. F. Müller) Ehrenberg, Peri-
–– hirundinella morphotype austriacum 167, dinium 245, 246, 246, 248, 411, 473
167 Cleistoperidinium, Peridinium sect. 246
–– hirundinella morphotype carinthi- Cleistoperidinium, Peridinium subg. 181, 198,
acum 167, 167 199, 245, 246
–– hirundinella morphotype gracile 167, 167 clevei, Gonyaulax 179, 180
–– hirundinella morphotype piburgense 167, clevei, Gonyaulax apiculata var. 179
168
536 Index
Closterium corrientes, Peridinium 280, 281
–– cancer 398 cosmariaeforme, Glenodinium 468
closterium, Cystodinium 393, 396, 397 cracoviense, Gloeodinium 443, 445, 446
cnecoides, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 87, 87 cracoviense, Sphaerodinium 40, 339, 341, 342
coconiformis, Phytodinedria 424 crassifilum, Katodinium 151
coeruleum Dogiel, Gymnodinium 160 crassifilum, Massartia 151
coeruleum N.L. Antipova, Gymnodinium, nom. crassifilum, Nusuttodinium 143, 151, 151
illeg. 160 crassum, Cystodinium closterium var. 397,
collineatum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi var. 238 397
collineatum, Peridinium marchicum var. simplex crenulatum, Bagredinium 278
f. 238 crenulatum, Peridinium 10, 278, 278
coloradense, Dinamoebidium 59, 59 cristata, Peridiniopsis 227, 229, 230
coloradensis, Dinamoeba 59 cristatum, Glenodinium 229
colymbeticum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 88, 88 cristatum, Peridinium apiculatum var. 203
complexum, Peridinium volzii f. 266, 267 cristatum, Peridinium cinctum var. tuberosum
compressa, Exuviaella 448 f. 253
compressa, Pyxidicula 448 cristatum, Peridinium laeve subsp. marssonii
compressum, Peridinium guestrowiense f. 267 f. 203
compressum, Peridinium volzii f. 267, 267 cristatum, Peridinium palatinum f. 203
concavum, Gymnodinium 348 cruciatum (Massart) J. Schiller, Gymno-
conchaeforme, Cystodinium 393, 397, 398 dinium 132
conicum, Peridinium intermedium var. 211 cruciatum R. H. Thompson, Gymnodinium,
contactum, Peridinium africanum var. 211 nom. illeg. 132
contactum, Peridinium inconspicuum var., nom. cruciferum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi var. 238
inval. 220 cryophilum, Amphidinium 88
contactum, Peridinium laeve subsp. marssonii cryophilum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 88, 89
var. 204 cucumis, Peridinium 263
contactum, Peridinium linzium var., nom. cunningtonii, Peridiniopsis 181, 233, 234
inval. 222 cunningtonii, Peridinium 9, 233
contactum, Peridinium lubieniense var. 222 curvatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 246
contactum, Peridinium munusculum var. 220 curvirostre, Ceratium 168
contortum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi var. 238 cyaneum H. J. Hu, Gymnodinium, nom.
coprosum, Amphidinium 147, 148, 149 inval. 152
corillionii, Peridiniopsis 187, 193, 194 cyaneum J. Schiller, Gymnodinium 151
cornifax, Cystodinium 394, 398, 399, 404, 411 cyaneum, Nusuttodinium 143, 151, 152
cornifax, Glenodinium 398 cyclicum, Peridinium guestrowiense var. 265
cornifax, Gymnodinium 398 cyclicum, Peridinium volzii f. 265
cornifax, Gymnodinium fuscum var. 398 Cystodinedria 7, 389, 389, 393
cornuta, Dimastigoaulax 172 –– brunnea 389, 389, 390
cornutum, Ceratium 164, 165, 172, 173 –– inermis 389, 390, 391
cornutum, Peridinium 172 –– maxima 389, 391, 392
coronata, Tovellia 373, 374, 375, 376, 379, –– obtusata 389, 391, 393
386 Cystodinium 6, 45, 87, 389, 392, 393, 405, 411
coronata, Woloszynskia 375 –– acerosum 394, 396, 396
coronatum, Gymnodinium 375 –– achroum 405
corpusculum, Gymnodinium 473 –– bataviense 388, 392, 394, 394, 395
corpusculum, Peridinium 473 –– bataviense var. brasiliense 396, 396
corpusculum, Proaulax 473 –– bicorne 414
Index 537
–– bisaetosum 398 Desmomastix 7, 14, 57
–– brevipes 390, 414 –– globosa 57, 58
–– closterium 393, 396, 397 Desmomonadales 57
–– closterium var. crassum 397, 397 devorans, Gymnodinium 77
–– conchaeforme 393, 397, 398 Dictyocha, Gruppe Actiniscus 62
–– cornifax 394, 398, 399, 404, 411 diexiensis, Tovellia 380
–– cornifax var. tenuirostre 400, 400 Dimastigoaulax 164
–– dimorphe 394, 400, 401 –– caroliniana 168
–– dirhamphos 394, 401, 402 –– cornuta 172
–– dominii 393, 401, 402 dimidio-minus, Cystodinium steinii var. 398
–– grabenseei 394, 402, 403 dimorphe, Cystodinium 394, 400, 401
–– guttatum 394, 403, 403 dimorphe, Gymnocystodinium 400
–– heterorhamphos 394, 404, 404 dimorphe, Gymnodinium 400
–– hyalinum 393, 404, 405 Dinamoeba 59
–– iners 398, 399 –– coloradensis 59
–– interspersum 427 –– varians 59
–– lunare 394, 405, 406 Dinamoebaceae 58
–– minimum 394, 406, 406 Dinamoebidiaceae 58
–– novaculosum 398 Dinamoebidiales 13, 52, 58
–– pallidulum 394, 406, 407 Dinamoebidium 7, 14, 59
–– papilionaceum 394, 407, 407 –– coloradense 59, 59
–– phaseolus 394, 401, 407, 408 –– varians 59
–– phaseolus var. brasiliense 408, 409 Dinastridium 9, 389, 411
–– schilleri 398 –– armatum 411, 413, 413
–– sonfonense 394, 409, 409 –– chiastosporum 85
–– steinii 398 –– inerme 411, 413, 413
–– steinii f. tenuirostre 400 –– sexangulare 411, 411, 412
–– steinii var. dimidio-minus 398 –– verrucosum 411
–– unicorne 87, 394, 410, 410, 411 dinobryonis, Glenodinium 281
dinobryonis, Peridiniopsis 281
dinobryonis, Staszicella 280, 281, 282, 428
D Dinococcus 57, 389, 414
dadayi, Lophodinium 338 –– africanus 435
dangeardii, Glenodinium 454, 456, 456 –– bicornis 414, 416
danubiense, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 89, 89 –– incus 414, 416, 416
deflandrei, Parvodinium 207, 217, 218 –– inermis 390
deflandrei, Peridinium 217 –– oedogonii 414, 414, 415
deflandrei, Peridinium umbonatum var. 217 DINOPHYCEAE 57
deformabile, Gymnodinium, nom. inval. 83 Dinopodiella 428
delta/epsilon-travectum, Peridinium cinctum –– baumeisteri 431
var. 247 –– gracilis 432
denticulatum, Glenodinium 454, 456, 456 –– phaseolus 434
depressum, Glenodinium pulvisculus var. 470 Dinosphaera 182
depressum, Gymnodinium 472 –– palustris 31, 182, 183
Desmocapsa 7 Dinosphaeraceae 181, 182
Desmomastigaceae 57 Dinothrix 7
Desmomastigales 13, 52, 57 Diplopsalidaceae 284
538 Index
Diplopsalis elpatiewskyi, Peridinium umbonatum var. 237
–– acuta 21, 287 emarginatum, Glenodinium 454, 457, 457
–– ambigua 286 Entzia
–– ovum 289 –– acuta 287
dirhamphos, Cystodinium 394, 401, 402 Esoptrodinium 360
discoidale, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 90, 90 –– gemma 360
dissimile, Peridinium cinctum var. 247 –– soligenum 336
dodgei, Borghiella 33, 322, 323, 324, 324, eucephalum, Amphidinium 355
327, 329 eucyaneum, Gymnodinium 152
dodgei, Gymnodinium 379 eucyaneum, Nusuttodinium 144, 146, 152, 152
dodgei, Tovellia 374, 379, 380 eufrigidum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 91, 91
dominii, Cystodinium 393, 401, 402 euryceps, Apocalathium 30, 299, 304, 304
durandii, Peridiniopsis 192 euryceps, Peridinium 304
durandii, Unruhdinium 187, 190, 192, 193 eurystomum, Glenodinium 454, 457, 458
Durinskia 15, 187, 187 eurytopum, Gymnodinium 72, 74, 91, 91
–– baltica 187, 188, 188 excavata, Peridiniopsis cunningtonii var. 235,
–– dybowskii 187, 188, 189 235
–– oculata 187, 189, 189 excavatum, Glenodinium quadridens var. 235
dybowskii, Durinskia 187, 188, 189 excavatum, Gymnodinium 346
dybowskii, Glenodinium 188 excavatum, Peridinium cunningtonii var. 235
dybowskii, Peridinium 188 excavatum, Peridinium geminum var. 220
dzieduszyckii, Parvodinium 207, 218, 219 excavatum, Peridinium inconspicuum var. 220
dzieduszyckii, Peridinium 218 excisum, Peridinium bipes f. 272
dzieduszyckii, Peridinium lubieniense f. 218 excisum, Peridinium bipes var. 272
eximium, Peridinium 247
Exuviaella
E –– compressa 448
edax, Glenodinium 297 –– lima 449
edax, Katodinium 369, 370 –– lima var. major 450
edax, Massartia 369, 370 –– lima var. scrobiculata 449
edax, Peridiniopsis 297 –– wislouchii 468
edax, Tyrannodinium 8, 296, 297, 297
elegans Cleve, Peridinium 223
elegans M. Lefèvre, Peridinium, nom. F
illeg. 223 fastigata, Opisthoaulax 366, 368, 369
elegans, Peridinium geminum var. 225 fastigatum, Katodinium 368
elegans, Peridinium lubieniense f. 223 fimbriatum, Sphaerodinium 10, 339, 342, 343
elenkinii, Amphidinium 355 fistulatum, Peridinium centenniale f. 215
ellipsoideum, Glenodinium 468 fistulatum, Peridinium centenniale var. 215
elongatum, Ceratium carolinianum var. 171, fontinale, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 92, 92
171 fontinale, Katodinium 92
elongatum, Ceratium, nom. inval. 171 foveolatum, Prorocentrum 449, 449, 449, 450
elongatum, Gymnodinium 67, 68, 90, 90 frigidum, Glenodinium 469
elongatum, Gymnodinium inversum var. 98, 99 frigidum Balech, Gymnodinium 472
elongatum, Gyrodinium 90 frigidum Skvortsov, Gymnodinium, nom.
elpatiewskyi, Glenodinium 238 illeg. 472
elpatiewskyi, Peridiniopsis 31, 237, 237, 238 frigidum Wołoszyńska, Gymnodinium, nom.
elpatiewskyi, Peridinium 238 inval. 475
Index 539
fungiforme, Glenodinium 317 Glenodinium 4, 10, 453
fungiforme, Gymnodinium 294 –– aciculiferum 300
fungiforme, Katodinium 294 –– acutum 287
fungiforme, Speroidium 294, 294, 295, 296 –– ambiguum 10, 286
fungiformis, Massartia 294 –– amphiconicum 453, 455, 455
furcoides, Ceratium 30, 34, 35, 164, 165, 174, –– apiculatum Ehrenberg 160, 202
174, 175, 176, 177, 178 –– apiculatum O. Zacharias, nom. illeg. 160
furcoides, Ceratium furcoides morpho- –– australicum 10, 184, 364, 365
type 175, 176 –– balticum 188
furcoides, Ceratium hirundinella var. 174 –– berghii 454
fuscum, Gymnodinium 66, 68, 69, 74, 75, 100 –– bernardinense 322
fuscum, Peridinium 74, 75 –– berolinense 297
–– bieblii 464, 464
–– borgei 227
G –– cinctum 184, 195, 339, 344, 453, 454,
gatunense, Peridinium 10, 23, 27, 31, 32, 34, 455, 456
36, 40, 42, 246, 250, 252, 254, 257 –– cornifax 398
gatunense, Peridinium cinctum var. 250 –– cosmariaeforme 468
geitleri, Amphidinium, nom. illeg. 147 –– cristatum 229
geminum, Glenodinium 208 –– dangeardii 454, 456, 456
geminum, Peridinium 208 –– denticulatum 454, 456, 456
gemma, Esoptrodinium 360 –– dinobryonis 281
germanicum, Peridinium 246 –– dybowskii 188
gessneri, Glenodinium 453, 454, 458, 458 –– edax 297
gessneri, Gymnocystodinium 398 –– ellipsoideum 468
gibbera, Kolkwitziella 287 –– elpatiewskyi 238
gibbera, Kolkwitziella salebrosa var. 287 –– emarginatum 454, 457, 457
gibbosum, Peridinium cinctum var. 250 –– eurystomum 454, 457, 458
girans, Glenodinium 469 –– frigidum 469
glabra, Tovellia 374, 379, 381 –– fungiforme 317
glabrum, Gymnodinium coronatum var. 379 –– geminum 208
glaucovirescens, Amphidinium, nom. –– gessneri 453, 454, 458, 458
inval. 475 –– girans 469
glaucum, Glenodinium 453, 458, 459 –– glaucum 453, 458, 459
glaucum J. Schiller, Gymnodinium, nom. –– guildfordense 208
illeg. 148 –– gymnodinium 4, 315, 316, 317
glaucum W. Conrad, Gymnodinium 147, 148 –– gymnodinium var. biscutelliforme 315
Glenoaulax 469 –– helicozoster 454, 459, 459
–– inaequalis 469 –– inaequale Chodat, nom. illeg. 469
Glenodiniopsidaceae 181, 183 –– inaequale Schmarda 469
Glenodiniopsis 7, 184 –– kamptneri 208
–– pretiosa 9, 184, 186, 186 –– kulczynskii 231
–– steinii (Lemmermann) Wołoszyńska, nom. –– lemmermannii 470
illeg. 184 –– leptodermum 453, 460, 460
–– steinii Wołoszyńska 184 –– limos 454, 460, 460
–– uliginosa 184, 184, 185 –– lindemannii 242
–– lomnickii 306
–– lomnickii var. splendidum 308
540 Index
–– lomnickii var. wierzejskii 309 globosum, Phytodinium 426, 427, 428
–– longicorne 165 globosum, Stylodinium 428, 429, 429, 430
–– lubieniensiforme 317 Glochidinium 181, 198, 199
–– majale 470 –– penardiforme 199, 200, 200, 200
–– mezii 454, 461, 461 –– platygaster 200, 201, 202
–– minimum 102 Gloeodiniaceae 443
–– minutum 470 Gloeodiniales 13, 52, 54, 442, 446
–– monadicum, nom. illeg. 116 Gloeodinium 14, 45, 331, 334, 442, 443, 443,
–– muricatum 375 444
–– neglectum 362, 364 –– cracoviense 443, 445, 446
–– oculatum 189 –– montanum 54, 443, 443, 444
–– palustre 182 –– montanum var. tatricum 444, 445
–– pascheri 326 godlewskii, Chimonodinium 300, 312, 312
–– peisonis 454, 461, 462 godlewskii, Peridinium 312
–– penardiforme 200 Gonyaulacaceae 163, 178
–– penardii 195 Gonyaulacales 26, 52, 53, 163, 181
–– planulum 473 gonyaulacoides, Peridinium keyense var. 314
–– polylophum 10, 338 Gonyaulax 53, 178
–– pseudostigmosum 454, 462, 462 –– apiculata 179
–– pulvisculus 454, 463, 463 –– apiculata var. clevei 179
–– pulvisculus var. depressum 470 –– austriaca 179
–– punctulatum 454, 463, 464 –– clevei 179, 180
–– pusillum 225 –– jensenii 211
–– quadridens 243 –– limnetica 179
–– quadridens var. excavatum 235 –– palustris 182
–– quadridens var. treubii 235 –– polonica 179
–– quadridens var. wildemanii 234 –– spinifera 178
–– regulare, nom. inval. 475 goslaviense, Parvodinium 207, 218, 220
–– roseolum 470 goslaviense, Peridinium 218
–– rotundatum 471 goslaviense, Peridinium umbonatum var. 218
–– sanguineum (H. J. Carter) Diesing 384 grabenseei, Cystodinium 394, 402, 403
–– sanguineum Marchesoni, nom. illeg. 324, gracile, Ceratium hirundinella morpho-
384 type 167, 167
–– sedens 234 gracile Bergh, Gymnodinium 475
–– segriense 454, 459, 464, 464 gracile Lackey, Gymnodinium, nom.
–– spiculiferum 220 inval. 475
–– steinii 184 gracile Er. Lindemann, Peridinium, nom.
–– tabulatum 272 illeg. 305
–– turfosum 471 gracile Meunier, Peridinium 305
–– uliginosum 184, 186 gracile, Peridinium pusillum f. 225
–– vernale 471 gracile, Stylodinium 429, 432, 433
–– viguieri 245 gracilis, Dinopodiella 432
–– vindobonense 454, 465, 465 grande, Stylodinium 429, 433, 434
–– viride 471 granii, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 92, 93
globosa, Desmomastix 57, 58 granulosum, Chimonodinium 299, 300, 312,
globosum, Peridinium bipes f. 274, 274 313
globosum, Peridinium gatunense f. 252, 253 granulosum, Peridinium 312
globosum, Peridinium umbonatum var. 215 granulosum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 312
Index 541
guestrowiense, Peridinium 265 –– carinatum var. hiemale 330
guildfordense, Glenodinium 208 –– caudatum 67, 84, 85
guildfordense, Peridinium caudatum var. 208 –– cestocoetes 348
guttatum, Cystodinium 394, 403, 403 –– chiastosporum 68, 71, 85, 86, 137
gutwinskii, Peridinium 9, 264, 279, 279, 280 –– christenii 68, 69, 86, 87
Gymnocystodinium, nom. illeg. 400 –– cnecoides 68, 71, 87, 87
–– dimorphe 400 –– coeruleum Dogiel 160
–– gessneri 398 –– coeruleum N.L. Antipova, nom. illeg. 160
–– iners 398 –– colymbeticum 72, 73, 88, 88
–– unicorne 410 –– concavum 348
Gymnodiniaceae 61, 65, 66 –– cornifax 398
Gymnodiniales 15, 52, 53, 61 –– coronatum 375
Gymnodinida 65 –– coronatum var. glabrum 379
gymnodinioides, Nusuttodinium 149 –– corpusculum 473
Gymnodinium VIII, 4, 14, 62, 65, 66, 66, 68, –– cruciatum R. H. Thompson, nom.
70, 72, 85, 109, 137, 143, 158, 159 illeg. 132
–– absumens 77 –– cruciatum (Massart) J. Schiller 132
–– achroum 77 –– cryophilum 68, 69, 88, 89
–– acidotum 46, 144, 146 –– cyaneum H. J. Hu, nom. inval. 152
–– acuminatum, nom. inval. 346 –– cyaneum J. Schiller 151
–– aeruginosum 145, 146 –– danubiense 68, 71, 89, 89
–– aeschrum 72, 74, 76 –– deformabile, nom. inval. 83
–– aesculum 348 –– depressum 472
–– aestivale 125 –– devorans 77
–– alaskense 68, 69, 76, 77 –– dimorphe 400
–– alatum 297 –– discoidale 68, 71, 90, 90
–– albulum 68, 71, 72, 73, 77, 77, 102 –– dodgei 379
–– alsiophilum 72, 73, 78, 79 –– elongatum 67, 68, 90, 90
–– amphiconicoides 141 –– eucyaneum 152
–– amphidinioides 147 –– eufrigidum 72, 73, 91, 91
–– arenicola 68, 70, 79, 79 –– eurytopum 72, 74, 91, 91
–– armoricanum 134 –– excavatum 346
–– astigmatum 72, 73, 80, 80 –– fontinale 68, 70, 92, 92
–– asymmetricum 133 –– frigidum Balech 472
–– austriacum 72, 73, 80, 81 –– frigidum Skvortsov, nom. illeg. 472
–– autumnale Christen, nom. inval. 104 –– frigidum Wołoszyńska, nom. inval. 475
–– autumnale Skvortsov 145, 146 –– fungiforme 294
–– baicalense 30, 68, 69, 81, 81 –– fuscum 66, 68, 69, 74, 75, 100
–– baicalense var. minus 81 –– fuscum var. cornifax 398
–– baumeisteri 67, 68, 82, 82 –– fuscum var. minus 74
–– biciliatum 471, 472 –– glaucum J. Schiller, nom. illeg. 148
–– bisaetosum 398 –– glaucum W. Conrad 147, 148
–– blax 72, 73, 82, 83 –– gracile Bergh 475
–– bogoriense 33, 68, 71, 83, 83 –– gracile Lackey, nom. inval. 475
–– bohemicum 68, 70, 84, 84 –– granii 72, 73, 92, 93
–– caerulescens 149 –– helveticum 4, 160
–– campaniforme 150 –– helveticum f. achroum 160, 162
–– carinatum 113 –– helveticum var. apiculatum 160
542 Index
–– hiemale (J. Schiller) Popovský, nom. –– monadicum, nom. illeg. 116
illeg. 153 –– mucicola 72, 73, 111, 112
–– hiemale Skvortsov, nom. illeg. 364 –– musei 369
–– hiemale Wołoszyńska 153, 330, 362, 364 –– neglectum 362, 364
–– hippocastanum 68, 70, 71, 92, 93 –– neglectum var. astigmatum 364
–– huber-pestalozzii 67, 68, 93, 94 –– novaculosum 398
–– hyalinum 72, 94, 95 –– nygaardi, nom. inval. 382
–– hyperxanthoides 67, 95, 95 –– obesum 68, 69, 112, 112
–– hyperxanthum 67, 96, 96 –– oligoplacatum 68, 71, 112, 113
–– impar 134 –– olivaceum 472
–– impatiens 68, 71, 96, 97 –– ordinatum 349
–– indicum 153 –– ordinatum var. sparsum 350
–– intermedium 72, 97, 97 –– pallidum 107
–– inversum 35, 68, 69, 98, 98 –– palustre 68, 106, 113, 114
–– inversum var. elongatum 98, 99 –– palustriforme 68, 70, 114, 115
–– irregulare B. Hope 86 –– paradoxiforme 68, 70, 115, 115
–– irregulare Christen, nom. illeg. 86 –– paradoxum 67, 116, 116
–– kesslitzii 68, 70, 99, 99 –– paradoxum f. astigmosum 136, 137
–– kesslitzii var. sanctipaulense 69, 100, 100 –– paradoxum var. majus 116
–– klebsii 417 –– partitum 67, 116, 117
–– knollii 77, 78 –– pascheri 326, 328
–– lackeyi, nom. inval. 154 –– pavlae 68, 71, 117, 118
–– lacustre 68, 71, 100, 100, 120 –– p-dohrnii 145, 146
–– lalitae 68, 70, 101, 101 –– peisonis 68, 71, 117, 118
–– lantzschii 72, 73, 102, 102 –– planctonicum 348
–– lantzschii var. rhinophoron 126 –– planum 68, 70, 118, 119
–– latum 72, 73, 102, 103 –– poculiferum 68, 69, 119, 119
–– legiconveniens 72, 74, 103, 103 –– posthiemale 68, 71, 120, 120
–– lens 381 –– pratense 72, 73, 120, 121
–– leopoliense 381 –– profundum 77, 78
–– leptostauron 72, 73, 104, 104 –– pseudomirabile 68, 69, 121, 122
–– limitatum 68, 70, 71, 104, 105 –– pseudopalustre 346
–– limneticum Lackey, nom. illeg. 154 –– pulvisculus 463
–– limneticum Wołoszyńska 68, 70, 105, 106, –– purpureum 67, 69, 121, 122
114, 154 –– pusillum 67, 123, 123
–– lividum 68, 69, 107, 107 –– pusillum var. minus 123, 124
–– luteofaba 68, 71, 107, 108 –– radiatum 68, 69, 70, 124, 124, 130
–– macronucleum 102 –– rarum 72, 125, 125, 126
–– manchuriense, nom. illeg. 145 –– rhinophoron 72, 73, 126, 126
–– marylandicum 325 –– roseolum 470
–– mazuricum 67, 107, 109 –– rotundatum 86, 410, 411
–– meervalli 369 –– rufescens 108
–– minimum G. A. Klebs 102, 138 –– ruttneri 68, 71, 127, 127
–– minimum Lantzsch, nom. illeg. 102, 138 –– saginatum 68, 71, 127, 127
–– mirabile 30, 68, 69, 108, 109, 110 –– sanctipaulense 68, 70, 128, 128
–– mirabile var. rufescens 108, 110 –– schilleri 72, 73, 128, 128
–– mirum 68, 70, 110, 110 –– schuettii 67, 129, 129
–– mitratum 72, 74, 111, 111, 141 –– simile 68, 71, 129, 129
Index 543
–– simplex (Lohmann) Kofoid & Swezy 358 –– hyalinum 94, 95
–– simplex Dangeard, nom. illeg. 358 –– molopicum 160, 162, 163
–– sinuatum 472 –– nivale 326
–– skvortsowii 364 –– pallidum 107
–– sphaericum 417 –– pascheri 326
–– sphagnicola 68, 69, 125, 130, 130 –– pusillum 123
–– spirale 160 –– silvaticum 328
–– spirodinioides 72, 73, 130, 131 –– spirale 160
–– stagnale 355 –– steinii 95
–– steinii 398 –– vorticella 367
–– stigmaticum 367
–– submontanum 77, 78
–– tatricum 68, 70, 131, 131 H
–– tenuissimum 329 Haematococcus
–– terrum 472 –– insignis 446
–– thomasii 68, 71, 132, 132 Haidadinium 388, 389, 417
–– thompsonii 72, 73, 132, 133 –– ichthyophilum 417, 418
–– titubans 72, 133, 134 handelii, Ceratium 174
–– triceratium 68, 70, 133, 134 hangoei, Peridinium 305
–– tridentatum 72, 73, 135, 135 hangoei, Protoperidinium 305
–– tylotum 68, 70, 82, 136, 136, 137, 328, hangoei, Scrippsiella 28, 305
370 Hassallia
–– uberrimum 109, 157, 474 –– insignis 446
–– uberrimum var. rotundatum 86, 410 helicozoster, Glenodinium 454, 459, 459
–– undulatum 68, 69, 137, 137 helveticum, Gymnodinium 4, 160
–– unicorne 410 helveticum, Gyrodinium 4, 31, 160, 160, 161,
–– varians 68, 71, 138, 138 162
–– veris, nom. illeg. 330 Hemidiniaceae 53, 320, 331
–– vernale 138, 355 Hemidinium 4, 13, 14, 45, 54, 320, 331, 442,
–– vernum 68, 70, 138, 139, 370 473
–– vierae 67, 139, 140 –– animale 333, 334, 473
–– viridaliut 68, 70, 101, 139, 140 –– aquae-frigidae 333, 334, 473
–– viride 157 –– brasiliense 332
–– vorticella 367 –– bryophyticum 332, 333, 334
–– waltzii 72, 74, 140, 141 –– kisselewii 333, 334, 360, 473
–– wawrikae 67, 141, 142 –– kofoidii 333, 473
–– wigrense 68, 70, 141, 142 –– lindemannii 333, 334, 473
–– woloszynskae 330 –– montanum 332, 333, 334
–– zachariasii 113 –– mucosum 333, 334, 473
gymnodinium, Glenodinium 4, 315, 316, 317 –– nasutum 319, 331, 332, 332, 333
gyrinum, Amphidinium 355 –– nasutum var. tatricum 444
Gyrodiniaceae VIII, 61, 160 –– nephroideum 331, 332, 334, 335
Gyrodinium VIII, 4, 14, 65, 66, 136, 158, –– nobile 332, 335, 335
160, 163 –– ochraceum 332, 447, 448
–– asymmetricum 133 –– oculatum 473
–– elongatum 90 –– olivaceum 332, 473
–– helveticum 4, 31, 160, 160, 161, 162 –– pseudochraceum 332, 336, 336
–– hiemale 123 –– purpureum 332, 336, 337
544 Index
–– soligenum 332, 336, 337 I
–– tumidum 332 ichthyophilum, Haidadinium 417, 418
–– woloszynskae 336, 473 impar, Gymnodinium 134
hemisphaera, Phytodinedria 420, 422, 422, impatiens, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 96, 97
423, 424 inaequale Chodat, Glenodinium, nom.
Heterocapsa illeg. 469
–– quinquecuspidata 237 inaequale Schmarda, Glenodinium 469
heterorhamphos, Cystodinium 394, 404, 404 inaequale, Peridinium umbonatum var. 207
hiemale (J. Schiller) Popovský, Gymnodinium, inaequale, Properidinium 207
nom. illeg. 153 inaequalis, Glenoaulax 469
hiemale Skvortsov, Gymnodinium, nom. inaequalis, Peridiniopsis, nom. inval. 469
illeg. 364 inconspicuum, Parvodinium 9, 34, 35, 207,
hiemale Wołoszyńska, Gymnodinium 153, 219, 221
330, 362, 364 inconspicuum, Peridinium 208, 219
hiemale, Gymnodinium carinatum var. 330 inconspicuum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 219
hiemale, Gyrodinium 123 inconstans, Amphidinium 355
hiemale, Katodinium 153 incus, Dinococcus 414, 416, 416
hiemale, Nusuttodinium 98, 143, 153, 153 incus, Raciborskia 416
hiemale, Peridinium 240 indicum, Gymnodinium 153
hiemalis, Jadwigia 362, 362, 363 indicum, Nusuttodinium 143, 153, 154
hiemalis, Massartia 153 inerme, Apocalathium aciculiferum var. 300,
hiemalis, Peridiniopsis 237, 240, 240 302, 302
hiemalis, Woloszynskia 302, 362 inerme, Dinastridium 411, 413, 413
hieroglyphicum, Peridinium 269 inerme, Peridinium aciculiferum f. 302
hieroglyphicum, Peridinium tabulatum inermis, Cystodinedria 389, 390, 391
var. 269 inermis, Dinococcus 390
hippocastanum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 71, inermis, Raciborskia 390, 414
92, 93 iners, Cystodinium 398, 399
hirundinella, Bursaria 3, 165 iners, Gymnocystodinium 398
hirundinella, Ceratium 27, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, insignis, Haematococcus 446
164, 165, 165, 166, 167, 175, 177 insignis, Hassallia 446
huber-pestalozzii, Gymnodinium 67, 68, 93, 94 insignis, Ouracoccus 446
hyalina, Phytodinedria 420, 422, 423 insignis, Rufusiella 446, 447
hyalinum, Amphidinium 355 insignis, Urococcus 446
hyalinum, Cystodinium 393, 404, 405 intermedium, Gymnodinium 72, 97, 97
hyalinum, Gymnodinium 72, 94, 95 intermedium, Katodinium, nom. inval. 97
hyalinum, Gyrodinium 94, 95 intermedium (Playfair) Playfair, Peri-
hyalinum, Spirodinium 94 dinium 211, 283
hyperxantha, Massartia 96 intermedium Candeias, Peridinium, nom.
hyperxanthoides, Gymnodinium 67, 95, 95 illeg. 283
hyperxanthoides, Katodinium 95 intermedium R. H. Thompson, Peridinium, nom.
hyperxanthoides, Massartia 95 illeg. 9, 10, 283
hyperxanthum, Gymnodinium 67, 96, 96 intermedium, Peridinium africanum var. 211
hyperxanthum, Katodinium 96 intermedium, Peridinium tabulatum var. 211
Hypnodinium 6, 388, 389, 417 intermedium, Tetradinium 440
–– asiaticum 419 intermedium, Thompsodinium 10, 282, 283,
–– lefevrei 417, 426 283
–– sphaericum 417, 419 interspersum, Cystodinium 427
Index 545
inversum, Gymnodinium 35, 68, 69, 98, 98 –– intermedium, nom. inval. 97
irregulare B. Hope, Gymnodinium 86 –– mazuricum 107
irregulare Christen, Gymnodinium, nom. –– molopicum 163
illeg. 86 –– monadicum, nom. illeg. 116, 117
irregulatum, Peridinium cinctum f. 247 –– musei 369
irregulatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 247 –– nieuportense 158
–– notatum 372
–– parvulum 121
J –– piscinale 370
Jadwigia 359, 361, 365, 462 –– planum 118
–– applanata 361, 362, 362, 363 –– polyplastidum 116
–– hiemalis 362, 362, 363 –– ptyrticum 371
–– limnetica 362, 364, 365 –– sanctipaulense 128
–– neglecta 362, 364, 366 –– schilleri 128
javanicum, Parvodinium africanum var. 211, –– spirodinioides, nom. inval. 130
212 –– stigmaticum 367
javanicum, Peridinium 219 –– tetragonops 371
javanicum, Peridinium africanum var. 211 –– vernale 138, 370
javanicum, Sphaerodinium 339, 342, 343 –– vierae 139
javanicum, Sphaerodinium cinctum var. 342 –– viride 67, 159, 159
javanicum, Tetradinium 439, 440, 441 –– vorticella 367
jensenii, Gonyaulax 211 –– woloszynskae 372
jensenii, Peridinium 211 –– woloszynskae var. notatum 372
jiulongense, Unruhdinium 190, 190, 191 kesslitzii, Amphidinium 99
jiulongensis, Peridiniopsis 190 kesslitzii, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 99, 99
juratense, Apocalathium aciculiferum kevei, Peridiniopsis 193
var. 299, 302, 303 kevei, Unruhdinium 187, 190, 193, 194
juratense, Peridinium aciculiferum var. 303 keyense, Chimonodinium 300, 314, 314
keyense, Peridinium 9, 310, 314
keyense, Peridinium marchicum var. 220
kincaidii, Peridinium 247
K
kisselewii, Hemidinium 333, 334, 360, 473
kamptneri, Glenodinium 208
klebsii, Amphidinium 61
Kansodinium 10, 181, 284, 286
klebsii, Gymnodinium 417
–– ambiguum 10, 286, 286
knollii, Gymnodinium 77, 78
Katodinium VIII, 8, 65, 66, 158, 159, 365
kofoidii, Amphidiniopsis 284
–– astigmatum, nom. inval. 80
kofoidii, Hemidinium 333, 473
–– auratum 68, 158, 159
Kolkwitziella 6, 181, 284, 287
–– austriacum 296
–– acuta 21, 287, 288
–– bohemicum 84
–– gibbera 287
–– campylops 368
–– salebrosa 287
–– crassifilum 151
–– salebrosa var. gibbera 287
–– edax 369, 370
Kolkwitziellaceae 284
–– fastigatum 368
Kryptoperidiniaceae 15, 19, 20, 181, 182, 186
–– fontinale 92
kulczynskii, Glenodinium 231
–– fungiforme 294
kulczynskii, Peridiniopsis 196, 227, 231, 232
–– hiemale 153
kulczynskii, Peridinium 231
–– hyperxanthoides 95
kumaonense, Ceratium 165
–– hyperxanthum 96
546 Index
L limneticum, Oodinium 354
lackeyi, Gymnodinium, nom. inval. 154 limneticum, Piscinoodinium 352, 354, 354
lacunarum, Amphidinium 154 limneticum, Sphaerodinium 339, 343, 344, 453
lacunarum, Nusuttodinium 144, 154, 155 limneticum, Sphaerodinium cinctum var. 343
lacustre, Amphidinium 46, 355 limneticum, Spiniferodinium 105
lacustre, Ceratium furca var. 174 limos, Glenodinium 454, 460, 460
lacustre, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 100, 100, 120 lindemannii, Glenodinium 242
lacustris, Prosoaulax 46, 355, 355, 356, 357 lindemannii, Hemidinium 333, 334, 473
laesum, Peridinium cinctum var. 247 lindemannii, Peridiniopsis 242, 242
laeve, Peridinium 204 lindemannii, Peridinium 242
laeve, Peridinium apiculatum f. 204 lindemannii, Stylodinium 429
laeve, Peridinium palatinum f. 204 lineatum, Peridinium willei f. 264, 264
laevis, Palatinus apiculatus var. 202, 204, 205 lingii, Peridinium 246, 255, 256
lalitae, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 101, 101 Lingulodinium
lantzschii, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 102, 102 –– polyedrum 15
larvale, Amphidinium 355 linzium, Peridinium 210
latum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 102, 103 Lissaïella
latum, Nusuttodinium 143 –– obrae 468
latum, Peridinium 287 lividum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 107, 107
lefevrei, Amphidinium 467 lohammarii, Amphidinium 357
lefevrei, Hypnodinium 417, 426 lomnickii, Chimonodinium 25, 31, 300, 306,
legiconveniens, Gymnodinium 72, 74, 103, 307
103 lomnickii, Glenodinium 306
Leiocephalium 320, 344, 345, 351 lomnickii, Peridinium 306
–– pseudosanguineum IX, 351, 351 longicorne, Ceratium 165
lemmermannii, Peridinium cinctum var. 246 longicorne, Glenodinium 165
lemmermannii, Peridinium kincaidii var. 246 longipes, Stylodinium 429, 433, 434
lemmermannii, Glenodinium 470 longipes, Tetradinium intermedium var. 440
lens, Gymnodinium 381 Lophodiniaceae 53, 320, 337
leopoliense, Gymnodinium 381 Lophodinium 5, 10, 320, 337
leopoliensis, Tovellia 359, 374, 381, 382 –– dadayi 338
leopoliensis, Woloszynskia 377, 381 –– polylophum 337, 338, 338
Lepidodinium 160 lubieniense, Parvodinium 207, 222, 223
leptodermum, Glenodinium 453, 460, 460 lubieniense, Peridinium 222
leptostauron, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 104, 104 lubieniensiforme, Glenodinium 317
lima, Exuviaella 449 lubieniensiforme, Naiadinium 315, 317, 318
lima, Prorocentrum 450, 451 lubieniensiforme, Peridinium 317
limbatum, Peridinium 8, 272, 275, 276 lubieniensiformis, Peridiniopsis 317
limbatum, Protoperidinium 275 lunare, Cystodinium 394, 405, 406
limitatum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 71, 104, 105 luteofaba, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 107, 108
limnetica, Gonyaulax 179 luteum, Amphidinium 356
limnetica, Jadwigia 362, 364, 365
limnetica, Woloszynskia 362, 364
limneticum Lackey, Gymnodinium, nom. M
illeg. 154 macroceras, Ceratium 165
limneticum Wołoszyńska, Gymnodinium 68, macronucleum, Gymnodinium 102
70, 105, 106, 114, 154 madagascariense, Peridinium cinctum
limneticum, Nusuttodinium 144, 154, 155 var. 255
Index 547
madagascariense, Peridinium gatunense maxima, Cystodinedria 389, 391, 392
var. 255, 255 maximum, Peridinium volzii var. 265
maeandricum, Peridinium 249 mazuricum, Gymnodinium 67, 107, 109
maeandricum, Peridinium cinctum f. 248, 249 mazuricum, Katodinium 107
maeandricum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 269 meervalli, Gymnodinium 369
maeandricum, Peridinium volzii f. 269 Melodinium, nom. inval. 474
maeandricum, Peridinium volzii var. 269, 269 –– uberrimum, nom. inval. 474
maius, Peridinium penardii f. 197 mezeniense, Peridinium africanum var. tatricum
maius, Unruhdinium penardii var. 197, 197 f. 213
majale, Glenodinium 470 mezii, Glenodinium 454, 461, 461
major, Exuviaella lima var. 450 micans, Prorocentrum 448
majus, Gymnodinium paradoxum var. 116 minima, Peridiniopsis 196
majus, Peridinium gatunense f. 252, 253 minimum, Cystodinium 394, 406, 406
malmogiense, Apocalathium 28, 30, 300, minimum, Glenodinium 102
305, 306 minimum G.A. Klebs, Gymnodinium 102, 138
malmogiense, Peridinium 305 minimum Lantzsch, Gymnodinium, nom.
manchuriense, Gymnodinium, nom. illeg. 145 illeg. 102, 138
manshuricum, Prorocentrum 448, 474 minimum, Peridinium 207
marchicum, Peridinium 220, 221 minimum, Unruhdinium 196, 197
marchicum, Peridinium inconspicuum f. 220 minnesotense, Peridinium limbatum
marssonii, Peridinium 202 subsp. 275
marssonii, Peridinium laeve subsp. 202 minus, Chimonodinium lomnickii var. 308, 308
marylandica, Borghiella 323, 325, 326 minus, Gymnodinium baicalense var. 81
marylandicum, Gymnodinium 325 minus, Gymnodinium fuscum var. 74
Massartia 365 minus, Gymnodinium pusillum var. 123, 124
–– austriaca 296 minus, Peridinium cinctum var. 247
–– campylops 368 minus, Peridinium treubii var. 235
–– crassifilum 151 minus, Peridinium wierzejskii var. 308
–– edax 369, 370 minus, Phytodinium simplex f. 426, 426, 427
–– fungiformis 294 minus, Spirodinium pusillum var. 123
–– hiemalis 153 minus, Tetradinium 439, 440, 442
–– hyperxantha 96 minutum, Glenodinium 470
–– hyperxanthoides 95 mira, Woloszynskia, nom. inval. 110
–– molopica 163 mirabile, Gymnodinium 30, 68, 69, 108, 109,
–– montana 155 110
–– musei 139, 369 miricentonis, Asulcocephalium IX, 345, 346
–– plana 118 mirum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 110, 110
–– pratensis 120 mitratum, Gymnodinium 72, 74, 111, 111, 141
–– ptyrtica 371 mixtum, Peridinium, nom. inval. 223
–– schilleri 128 molopica, Massartia 163
–– stigmatica 367 molopicum, Gyrodinium 160, 162, 163
–– tetragonops 371 molopicum, Katodinium 163
–– vorticella 367, 372 monadicum, Glenodinium, nom. illeg. 116
–– woloszynskae 372 monadicum, Gymnodinium, nom. illeg. 116
–– woloszynskae var. notata 21, 372 monadicum, Katodinium, nom. illeg. 116, 117
Matvienkoella VIII, 181, 284, 288 monadicum, Peridinium, nom. illeg. 116
–– ovum 288, 289, 289 Monas
–– partita 116
548 Index
monoceras, Ceratium 165, 176, 177 Nusuttodinium 15, 16, 66, 143, 150, 475
montana, Massartia 155 –– acidotum 46, 143, 144, 144, 146, 152
montanum, Gloeodinium 54, 443, 443, 444 –– aeruginosum 46, 143, 145, 146, 151
montanum, Hemidinium 332, 333, 334 –– amphidinioides 46, 144, 147, 148, 155,
montanum, Nusuttodinium 143, 155, 156 459
morsum, Peridinium caudatum var. 220 –– bidentatum 144, 149, 149
morsum, Peridinium tabulatum var. pusillum –– caerulescens 144, 149, 149
f. 220 –– campaniforme 143, 150, 150
morzinense, Parvodinium 207, 223, 224 –– crassifilum 143, 151, 151
morzinense, Peridinium 223 –– cyaneum 143, 151, 152
mucicola, Amphidinium 111 –– eucyaneum 144, 146, 152, 152
mucicola, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 111, 112 –– gymnodinioides 149
mucosum, Hemidinium 333, 334, 473 –– hiemale 98, 143, 153, 153
multiplex, Amphidinium 357 –– indicum 143, 153, 154
multiplex, Prosoaulax 355, 357, 357 –– lacunarum 144, 154, 155
munusculum, Peridinium 220 –– latum 143
muricatum, Glenodinium 375 –– limneticum 144, 154, 155
musei, Gymnodinium 369 –– montanum 143, 155, 156
musei, Katodinium 369 –– oculatum 144, 156, 156
musei, Massartia 139, 369 –– phthartum 144, 157, 157
musei, Opisthoaulax 366, 369, 370 –– viride 143, 157, 158
mutatum, Peridinium eximium var. 247 nygaardi, Gymnodinium, nom. inval. 382
nygaardii, Tovellia 374, 382, 383
N
Naiadinium 38, 298, 314 O
–– biscutelliforme 315 obesum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 112, 112
–– lubieniensiforme 315, 317, 318 obliquum, Amphidinium, nom. inval. 475
–– polonicum 4, 21, 25, 37, 38, 314, 315, obrae, Amphidinium 468
315, 316 obrae, Lissaïella 468
nasutum, Amphidinium 467 obtusata, Cystodinedria 389, 391, 393
nasutum, Hemidinium 319, 331, 332, 332, 333 occultatum, Peridinium bipes f. 274
neglecta, Jadwigia 362, 364, 366 occultatum, Peridinium bipes var. 274, 275
neglecta, Woloszynskia 364 ochraceum, Hemidinium 332, 447, 448
neglectum, Glenodinium 362, 364 oculata, Durinskia 187, 189, 189
neglectum, Gymnodinium 362, 364 oculata, Peridiniopsis 189
nephroideum, Hemidinium 331, 332, 334, 335 oculatum, Amphidinium 156
niei, Peridiniopsis 195 oculatum, Glenodinium 189
niei, Unruhdinium 190, 195, 195 oculatum, Hemidinium 473
nieuportense, Katodinium 158 oculatum, Nusuttodinium 144, 156, 156
nivale, Gyrodinium 326 oculatum (F. Stein) Wołoszyńska, Peridinium,
nobile, Hemidinium 332, 335, 335 nom. illeg. 189
notata, Massartia woloszynskae var. 21, 372 oculatum Dujardin, Peridinium 189, 454
notatum, Katodinium 372 oedogonii, Dinococcus 414, 414, 415
notatum, Katodinium woloszynskae var. 372 oedogonii, Raciborskia 414
novaculosum, Cystodinium 398 oedogonii, Rhizophydium 414
novaculosum, Gymnodinium 398 oligoplacatum, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 112, 113
olivaceum, Gymnodinium 472
Index 549
olivaceum, Hemidinium 332, 473 pallidum, Gymnodinium 107
Oodinium pallidum, Gyrodinium 107
–– limneticum 354 palustre, Glenodinium 182
–– pillulare 352 palustre, Gymnodinium 68, 106, 113, 114
operculatum, Amphidinium 60, 468 palustre, Peridinium 256
Opisthoaulax 14, 21, 158, 359, 365, 366, 372 palustre, Peridinium cinctum var. 256
–– campylops 366, 368, 368 palustre, Peridinium raciborskii var. 246,
–– fastigata 366, 368, 369 256, 258
–– musei 366, 369, 370 palustre, Spiniferodinium 113
–– piscinalis 366, 370, 371 palustriforme, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 114, 115
–– tetragonops 366, 371, 372 palustris, Dinosphaera 31, 182, 183
–– vorticella 121, 365, 366, 367, 367 palustris, Goyaulax 182
–– woloszynskae 21, 366, 372, 373 papilionaceum, Cystodinium 394, 407, 407
ordinata, Biecheleria 345, 346, 349, 350 papilliferum, Parvodinium morzinense
ordinata, Woloszynskia 349 var. 224, 225
ordinatum, Gymnodinium 349 papilliferum, Parvodinium umbonatum
originale, Peridinium cinctum subvar. 247 var. 209, 210
originale, Peridinium guestrowiense papilliferum, Peridinium elegans f. 225
subvar. 265 papilliferum, Peridinium umbonatum f. 209
originale, Peridinium scallense subvar. 247 papilliferum, Peridinium umbonatum var. 209
ornamentosum, Peridinium 211 paradoxiforme, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 115, 115
ornatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 247 paradoxum, Gymnodinium 67, 116, 116
ornatum, Peridinium gatunense f. 253, 254 paradoxum, Peridinium laeve var. 203
orrei, Peridinium 225 partita, Monas 116
Ouracoccus partitum, Gymnodinium 67, 116, 117
–– insignis 446 Parvodinium 199, 206
ovale, Parvodinium centenniale var. 217, 217 –– africanum 29, 206, 207, 210, 211
ovale, Peridinium centenniale var. 217 –– africanum var. javanicum 211, 212
ovale, Peridinium umbonatum var. 217 –– africanum var. spinulosum 213, 213
ovatum, Peridinium hieroglyphicum var. 269 –– africanum var. tatricum 213, 214
ovoideum, Amphidinium 468 –– belizense 207, 214, 215
ovoideum, Prorocentrum 468 –– centenniale 207, 215, 216
ovoplanum, Peridinium cinctum f. 40, 248, –– centenniale var. ovale 217, 217
249 –– deflandrei 207, 217, 218
ovum, Diplopsalis 289 –– dzieduszyckii 207, 218, 219
ovum, Matvienkoella 288, 289, 289 –– goslaviense 207, 218, 220
ovum J. Schiller, Peridinium 289 –– inconspicuum 9, 34, 35, 207, 219, 221
ovum Matvienko, Peridinium, nom. illeg. 289 –– inconspicuum var. armatum 222, 222
–– lubieniense 207, 222, 223
–– morzinense 207, 223, 224
P –– morzinense var. papilliferum 224, 225
palatinum, Peridinium 202 –– pusillum 207, 225, 225
Palatinus 181, 198, 199, 202 –– umbonatum 30, 31, 35, 206, 207, 207,
–– apiculatus 181, 202, 202, 203, 205 208, 457
–– apiculatus var. laevis 202, 204, 205 –– umbonatum var. armatum 209, 209
–– pseudolaevis 202, 205, 206 –– umbonatum var. papilliferum 209, 210
paldangensis, Tovellia 374, 383, 384 –– umbonatum var. spiniferum 209, 210
pallidulum, Cystodinium 394, 406, 407 parvulum, Katodinium 121
550 Index
parvulum, Peridinium 9, 220 –– group quadridens 226, 242
pascheri, Borghiella 323, 326, 327 –– group thompsonii 199, 226, 244
pascheri, Glenodinium 326 –– group viguieri 199, 226, 245
pascheri, Gymnodinium 326, 328 –– hiemalis 237, 240, 240
pascheri, Gyrodinium 326 –– inaequalis, nom. inval. 469
pascheri, Woloszynskia 326, 327 –– jiulongensis 190
pavlae, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 117, 118 –– kevei 193
p-dohrnii, Gymnodinium 145, 146 –– kulczynskii 196, 227, 231, 232
peisonis, Glenodinium 454, 461, 462 –– lindemannii 242, 242
peisonis, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 117, 118 –– lubieniensiformis 317
pellucidum, Protoperidinium 289 –– minima 196
penardiforme, Glenodinium 200 –– niei 195
penardiforme, Glochidinium 199, 200, 200, –– oculata 189
200 –– penardiformis 200
penardiforme, Peridinium 200 –– penardii 195
penardiformis, Peridiniopsis 200 –– penardii var. robusta 197
penardii, Glenodinium 195 –– polonica 37, 315
penardii, Peridiniopsis 195 –– pygmaea 237, 240, 241
penardii, Peridinium 195 –– pygmaea var. brigantina 241, 241
penardii, Unruhdinium 190, 191, 195, 196 –– pygmaea var. brigantino-armata 241, 242
pentasterias, Actiniscus 62 –– quadridens 243, 243
Peridinaea 198 –– quadridens var. adens 243, 244
Peridinea 181 –– quinquecuspidata 236, 236
Peridiniaceae 53, 181, 182, 198, 428 –– rhomboides 193, 194
Peridiniales 15, 19, 20, 29, 52, 53, 181, 299 –– sphaeroidea 227, 233, 233
Peridiniophyceae 57 –– thompsonii 244, 244
Peridiniopsis VIII, 5, 7, 187, 198, 199, 226, –– viguieri 245, 245
245, 292 Peridinium 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 23, 35, 187, 198,
–– amazonica 31, 226, 227, 229 245, 292, 298, 299
–– armebeensis 191 –– achromaticum 289
–– berolinensis 297, 404 –– aciculiferum 28, 300
–– borgei 5, 8, 20, 21, 32, 226, 227, 227, 228 –– aciculiferum f. inerme 302
–– charkowiensis 237, 239, 239 –– aciculiferum var. juratense 303
–– corillionii 187, 193, 194 –– acutum 287
–– cristata 227, 229, 230 –– africanum 29, 210
–– cristata var. boliviensis 231, 231 –– africanum f. spinulosum 213
–– cristata var. tubulifera 231, 232 –– africanum f. tatricum 213
–– cunningtonii 181, 233, 234 –– africanum var. contactum 211
–– cunningtonii var. excavata 235, 235 –– africanum var. intermedium 211
–– cunningtonii var. treubii 235, 236 –– africanum var. javanicum 211
–– dinobryonis 281 –– africanum var. tatricum 213
–– durandii 192 –– africanum var. tatricum f. mezeniense 213
–– edax 297 –– alatum 262
–– elpatiewskyi 31, 237, 237, 238 –– allorgei 270, 270
–– group borgei 199, 226, 226 –– ambiguum 210
–– group cunningtonii 199, 226, 233 –– andrzejowskii 196
–– group elpatiewskyi 199, 226, 237 –– anglicum 202
–– group lindemannii 199, 226, 241 –– apiculatum (Ehrenberg) Claparède & J.
Lachmann 179, 202
Index 551
–– apiculatum Penard, nom. illeg. 179 –– cinctum var. carinatum 253
–– apiculatum f. anglicum 202 –– cinctum var. curvatum 246
–– apiculatum f. laeve 204 –– cinctum var. delta/epsilon-travectum 247
–– apiculatum var. cristatum 203 –– cinctum var. dissimile 247
–– australe 269, 277 –– cinctum var. gatunense 250
–– baicalense 30, 303 –– cinctum var. gibbosum 250
–– baliense 9, 29, 310 –– cinctum var. irregulatum 247
–– balticum 188 –– cinctum var. laesum 247
–– belizense 214 –– cinctum var. lemmermannii 246
–– berolinense 8, 297 –– cinctum var. madagascariense 255
–– berolinense var. apiculatum 297, 298 –– cinctum var. minus 247
–– bipes 28, 31, 36, 181, 272, 272, 273 –– cinctum var. ornatum 247
–– bipes f. apoda, nom. inval. 274 –– cinctum var. palustre 256
–– bipes f. excisum 272 –– cinctum var. regulatum 247
–– bipes f. globosum 274, 274 –– cinctum var. tuberosum 250, 251, 254
–– bipes f. occultatum 274 –– cinctum var. tuberosum f. cristatum 253
–– bipes f. tabulatum 272 –– cornutum 172
–– bipes var. excisum 272 –– corpusculum 473
–– bipes var. occultatum 274, 275 –– corrientes 280, 281
–– borgei 227 –– crenulatum 10, 278, 278
–– brasiliense 30, 310 –– cucumis 263
–– carolinianum 168 –– cunningtonii 9, 233
–– caudatum 220 –– cunningtonii f. quadrispinum 234
–– caudatum var. guildfordense 208 –– cunningtonii f. treubii 235
–– caudatum var. morsum 220 –– cunningtonii var. excavatum 235
–– caudatum var. planktonicum 208 –– cunningtonii var. pseudoquadridens 233
–– centenniale 215 –– cunningtonii var. quinquecuspidatum 236
–– centenniale f. fistulatum 215 –– cunningtonii var. wildemanii 233
–– centenniale var. fistulatum 215 –– deflandrei 217
–– centenniale var. ovale 217 –– dybowskii 188
–– chalubinskii 256 –– dzieduszyckii 218
–– charkowiense 239 –– elegans Cleve 223
–– cinctum (Ehrenberg) Claparède & J. Lach- –– elegans M. Lefèvre, nom. illeg. 223
mann, nom. illeg. 454 –– elegans f. papilliferum 225
–– cinctum (O. F. Müller) Ehrenberg 245, –– elpatiewskyi 238
246, 246, 248, 411, 473 –– elpatiewskyi f. brigantinum 238
–– cinctum f. angulatum 246 –– elpatiewskyi var. beta-delta-bitra-
–– cinctum f. areolatum 246 vectum 238
–– cinctum f. irregulatum 247 –– elpatiewskyi var. bicollineatum 238
–– cinctum f. maeandricum 248, 249 –– elpatiewskyi var. biradiatum 238
–– cinctum f. ovoplanum 40, 248, 249 –– elpatiewskyi var. collineatum 238
–– cinctum f. regulatum 247 –– elpatiewskyi var. contortum 238
–– cinctum f. tuberosum 250 –– elpatiewskyi var. cruciferum 238
–– cinctum f. westii 40, 249, 249 –– elpatiewskyi var. pseudocunningtonii 238
–– cinctum f. zonatum 250, 250 –– elpatiewskyi var. pseudopenardii 238
–– cinctum subvar. originale 247 –– euryceps 304
–– cinctum var. angulatum 246 –– eximium 247
–– cinctum var. beta/epsilon-collineatum 246 –– eximium var. mutatum 247
552 Index
–– fuscum 74, 75 –– intermedium (Playfair) Playfair 211, 283
–– gatunense 10, 23, 27, 31, 32, 34, 36, 40, –– intermedium Candeias, nom. illeg. 283
42, 246, 250, 252, 254, 257 –– intermedium R. H. Thompson, nom.
–– gatunense f. globosum 252, 253 illeg. 9, 10, 283
–– gatunense f. majus 252, 253 –– intermedium var. conicum 211
–– gatunense f. ornatum 253, 254 –– javanicum 219
–– gatunense var. carinatum 253, 254 –– javanicum var. tjibodense 219
–– gatunense var. madagascariense 255, 255 –– jensenii 211
–– gatunense var. zonatum 257 –– keyense 9, 310, 314
–– geminum 208 –– keyense var. gonyaulacoides 314
–– geminum var. angulosum 220 –– kincaidii 247
–– geminum var. elegans 225 –– kincaidii var. lemmermannii 246
–– geminum var. excavatum 220 –– kulczynskii 231
–– germanicum 246 –– laeve 204
–– godlewskii 312 –– laeve subsp. anglicum 202
–– goslaviense 218 –– laeve subsp. marssonii 202
–– gracile Er. Lindemann, nom. illeg. 305 –– laeve subsp. marssonii f. cristatum 203
–– gracile Meunier 305 –– laeve subsp. marssonii var. contactum 204
–– granulosum 312 –– laeve var. bitravectum 204
–– group allorgei 199, 270 –– laeve var. paradoxum 203
–– group bipes 199, 272 –– laeve var. stylatum 203
–– group cinctum 246, 246 –– latum 287
–– group crenulatum 199, 277 –– limbatum 8, 272, 275, 276
–– group gutwinskii 199, 279 –– limbatum subsp. minnesotense 275
–– group lomnickii 299 –– lindemannii 242
–– group striolatum 246, 259 –– lingii 246, 255, 256
–– group willei 246, 262 –– linzium 210
–– guestrowiense 265 –– linzium var. contactum, nom. inval. 222
–– guestrowiense f. compressum 267 –– lomnickii 306
–– guestrowiense f. sinuatum 265 –– lomnickii var. punctulatum 306
–– guestrowiense subvar. originale 265 –– lomnickii var. splendidum 308
–– guestrowiense var. beta-collineatum 265 –– lubieniense 222
–– guestrowiense var. cyclicum 265 –– lubieniense f. dzieduszyckii 218
–– gutwinskii 9, 264, 279, 279, 280 –– lubieniense f. elegans 223
–– hangoei 305 –– lubieniense var. contactum 222
–– hiemale 240 –– lubieniensiforme 317
–– hieroglyphicum 269 –– maeandricum 249
–– hieroglyphicum var. ovatum 269 –– malmogiense 305
–– hieroglyphicum var. rotundum 269 –– marchicum 220, 221
–– inconspicuum 208, 219 –– marchicum var. keyense 220
–– inconspicuum f. armatum 222 –– marchicum var. simplex 238
–– inconspicuum f. marchicum 220 –– marchicum var. simplex f. collineatum 238
–– inconspicuum f. spiniferum 220 –– marchicum var. simplex f. pseudope-
–– inconspicuum var. armatum 222 nardii 238
–– inconspicuum var. balatonicum 220 –– marssonii 202
–– inconspicuum var. contactum, nom. –– minimum 207
inval. 220 –– mixtum, nom. inval. 223
–– inconspicuum var. excavatum 220 –– monadicum, nom. illeg. 116
Index 553
–– morzinense 223 –– sphaeroideum Christen, nom. illeg. 233
–– munusculum 220 –– sphaeroideum L. Mangin 233
–– munusculum f. spiniferum 220 –– spinulosum (Wołoszyńska) Er. Lindemann,
–– munusculum var. contactum 220 nom. illeg. 213
–– munusculum var. contactum f. –– spinulosum G. Murray & Whitting 213
spiniferum 220 –– stagnale 300
–– oculatum (F. Stein) Wołoszyńska, nom. –– steinmannii 9, 220
illeg. 189 –– striolatum Playfair 10, 259, 259, 267
–– oculatum Dujardin 189, 454 –– striolatum Wailes, nom. illeg. 259, 267
–– ornamentosum 211 –– striolatum f. acuminatum 260
–– orrei 225 –– striolatum f. auburnense 260
–– ovum J. Schiller 289 –– striolatum f. rugosum 261
–– ovum Matvienko, nom. illeg. 289 –– striolatum f. truncatum 261
–– palatinum 202 –– striolatum var. acuminatum 260, 260
–– palatinum f. anglicum 203 –– striolatum var. auburnense 260, 260
–– palatinum f. cristatum 203 –– striolatum var. rugosum 261, 261
–– palatinum f. laeve 204 –– striolatum var. truncatum 261, 261
–– palustre 256 –– subg. Cleistoperidinium 181, 198, 199,
–– palustre var. raciborskii 255 245, 246
–– parvulum 9, 220 –– subg. Poroperidinium 245, 270
–– penardiforme 200 –– suttonii 233
–– penardii 195 –– sydneyense, nom. inval. 277
–– penardii f. californicum 187, 192 –– tabulatum 272
–– penardii f. maius 197 –– tabulatum var. africanum 211
–– planulum 473 –– tabulatum var. caudatum 220
–– playfairii 9, 272, 277, 277 –– tabulatum var. granulosum 312
–– polonicum 4, 37, 315, 317 –– tabulatum var. hieroglyphicum 269
–– polonicum var. trilineatum 315 –– tabulatum var. inconspicuum 219
–– pseudointermedium 283 –– tabulatum var. intermedium 211
–– pseudolaeve 205 –– tabulatum var. maeandricum 269
–– pulvisculus 463 –– tabulatum var. pusillum f. morsum 220
–– pusillum 225 –– tabulatum var. westii 249
–– pusillum f. gracile 225 –– tabulatum var. westii f. australe 269
–– pygmaeum 240 –– tabulatum var. zonatum 257
–– pygmaeum f. brigantino-armatum 241 –– tatricum 213
–– pygmaeum f. brigantinum 241 –– tatricum var. spinulosum 213
–– quadridens 243 –– treubii 9, 235
–– quadridens f. adens 243 –– treubii var. minus 235
–– quadridens var. adens 243 –– truncatum 474
–– raciborskii 9, 246, 255, 256, 257 –– tuberosum 250
–– raciborskii var. palustre 246, 256, 258 –– uberrimum 109, 474
–– rhenanum 246 –– uliginosum 184
–– scallense 247 –– umbonatum 207, 396
–– scallense subvar. originale 247 –– umbonatum f. armatum 209
–– sect. Cleistoperidinium 246 –– umbonatum f. papilliferum 209
–– sect. Poroperidinium 270 –– umbonatum var. aciculiferum 300
–– semicirculatum 247 –– umbonatum var. armatum 209
–– semicirculatum var. beta-collineatum 247 –– umbonatum var. centenniale 215
554 Index
–– umbonatum var. deflandrei 217 Phytodinedria 389, 393, 420, 421
–– umbonatum var. elpatiewskyi 237 –– adpressa 420, 420, 421
–– umbonatum var. globosum 215 –– aeruginea 420, 420, 421
–– umbonatum var. goslaviense 218 –– coconiformis 424
–– umbonatum var. inaequale 207 –– hemisphaera 420, 422, 422, 423, 424
–– umbonatum var. ovale 217 –– hyalina 420, 422, 423
–– umbonatum var. papilliferum 209 –– procubans 420, 423, 424
–– umbonatum var. spiniferum 209 –– reniformis 420, 423, 424
–– umbonatum var. toporense, nom. –– setosa 420, 424, 425
inval. 475 Phytodiniaceae 388
–– vancouverense 267 Phytodiniales 10, 13, 26, 52, 54, 388, 417, 428
–– viguieri 245 Phytodinium 6, 389, 425
–– volzii 9, 31, 246, 262, 264, 265, 266, 277 –– aureum 426, 427, 427
–– volzii f. complexum 266, 267 –– globosum 426, 427, 428
–– volzii f. compressum 267, 267 –– simplex 417, 425, 426, 426, 426
–– volzii f. cyclicum 265 –– simplex f. minus 426, 426, 427
–– volzii f. maeandricum 269 –– stellatum 426, 427, 428
–– volzii f. sinuatum 265 piburgense, Ceratium hirundinella morpho-
–– volzii f. vancouverense 267, 268 type 167, 168
–– volzii var. australe 265 pillulare, Oodinium 352
–– volzii var. botanicum 268, 268 pillulare, Piscinoodinium 352, 353
–– volzii var. cinctiforme 265, 268, 269 piscicida, Pfiesteria 293
–– volzii var. maeandricum 269, 269 piscinale, Katodinium 370
–– volzii var. maximum 265 piscinalis, Opisthoaulax 366, 370, 371
–– westii 249 Piscinoodinium 26, 320, 344, 352
–– westii var. areolatum 246 –– limneticum 352, 354, 354
–– wierzejskii 309 –– pillulare 352, 353
–– wierzejskii f. carpaticum, nom. inval. 309 plana, Massartia 118
–– wierzejskii var. minus 308 planctonicum, Gymnodinium 348
–– wildemanii 233 planktonicum, Peridinium caudatum var. 208
–– willei 29, 35, 246, 262, 262, 263, 264, 277 planulum, Glenodinium 473
–– willei f. lineatum 264, 264 planulum, Peridinium 473
–– willei f. sphaericum 264, 264 planum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 118, 119
–– willei f. stagnale 264, 265 planum, Katodinium 118
–– willei var. botanicum 268 platygaster, Glochidinium 200, 201, 202
–– willei var. carinthiacum 262 playfairii, Peridinium 9, 272, 277, 277
–– wisconsinense 10, 29, 271, 271 playfairii, Prorocentrum 449, 450, 450, 451
–– zonatum 246, 257, 259 poculiferum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 119, 119
Pfiesteria 292, 293 polonica, Gonyaulax 179
–– piscicida 293 polonica, Peridiniopsis 37, 315
–– shumwayae 46, 293, 294 polonicum, Naiadinium 4, 21, 25, 37, 38, 314,
Pfiesteriaceae 25, 53, 292, 292 315, 315, 316
phaseolus, Cystodinium 394, 401, 407, 408 polonicum, Peridinium 4, 37, 315, 317
phaseolus, Dinopodiella 434 polonicum, Sphaerodinium 339, 340, 340
phaseolus, Stylodinium 429, 434, 435 polonicum, Sphaerodinium cinctum var. 340
phthartum, Amphidinium 157 polyedrum, Lingulodinium 15
phthartum, Nusuttodinium 144, 157, 157 Polykrikos 62
polylophum, Glenodinium 10, 338
Index 555
polylophum, Lophodinium 337, 338, 338 pseudopalustre, Gymnodinium 346
polymorphum, Stylodinium 429, 435, 436 pseudopalustris, Biecheleria 27, 344, 345,
polyplastidum, Katodinium 116 346, 346, 347
Poroperidinium, Peridinium sect. 270 pseudopalustris, Woloszynskia 346
Poroperidinium, Peridinium subg. 245, 270 pseudopenardii, Peridinium elpatiewskyi
posthiemale, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 120, 120 var. 238
pratense, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 120, 121 pseudopenardii, Peridinium marchicum var.
pratensis, Massartia 120 simplex f. 238
pretiosa, Glenodiniopsis 9, 184, 186, 186 Pseudopfiesteria
Proaulax –– shumwayae 293
–– corpusculum 473 pseudoquadridens, Peridinium cunningtonii
procubans, Phytodinedria 420, 423, 424 var. 233
profundum, Gymnodinium 77, 78 pseudosanguineum, Leiocephalium IX, 351,
Properidinium 351
–– apiculatum 202 pseudostigmosum, Glenodinium 454, 462, 462
–– inaequale 207 ptyrtica, Massartia 371
Prorocentraceae 448 ptyrticum, Katodinium 371
Prorocentrales 13, 26, 52, 54, 448 pulvisculus, Glenodinium 454, 463, 463
Prorocentrineae 448 pulvisculus, Gymnodinium 463
Prorocentrinen 448 pulvisculus, Peridinium 463
Prorocentrum 11, 14, 448, 450, 451, 474 punctulatum, Glenodinium 454, 463, 464
–– foveolatum 449, 449, 449, 450 punctulatum, Peridinium lomnickii var. 306
–– lima 450, 451 purpureum, Gymnodinium 67, 69, 121, 122
–– manshuricum 448, 474 purpureum, Hemidinium 332, 336, 337
–– micans 448 pusillum, Amphidinium 99, 100
–– ovoideum 468 pusillum, Glenodinium 225
–– playfairii 449, 450, 450, 451 pusillum, Gymnodinium 67, 123, 123
Prosoaulax 14, 320, 344, 345, 355 pusillum, Gyrodinium 123
–– lacustris 46, 355, 355, 356, 357 pusillum, Parvodinium 207, 225, 225
–– multiplex 355, 357, 357 pusillum, Peridinium 225
–– viridis 355, 357, 357 pusillum, Spirodinium 123
Protodinium 320, 344, 345, 358 pygmaea, Peridiniopsis 237, 240, 241
–– simplex 358, 358 pygmaeum, Peridinium 240
Protoperidiniaceae 26, 181, 198, 284 Pyxidicula
Protoperidinium 181, 198, 199, 263, 284, 289 –– compressa 448
–– achromaticum 284, 289, 290
–– hangoei 305
–– limbatum 275 Q
–– pellucidum 289 quadrangulare, Stylodinium 429, 435, 437
Pseudoactiniscus 62, 64 quadridens, Glenodinium 243
–– apentasterias 64, 65 quadridens, Peridiniopsis 243, 243
pseudochraceum, Hemidinium 332, 336, 336 quadridens, Peridinium 243
pseudocunningtonii, Peridinium elpatiewskyi quadrispinum, Peridinium cunningtonii f. 234
var. 238 quinquecuspidata, Heterocapsa 237
pseudointermedium, Peridinium 283 quinquecuspidata, Peridiniopsis 236, 236
pseudolaeve, Peridinium 205 quinquecuspidatum, Peridinium cunningtonii
pseudolaevis, Palatinus 202, 205, 206 var. 236
pseudomirabile, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 121, 122
556 Index
R S
Raciborskia 414 saginatum, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 127, 127
–– bicornis 414 salebrosa, Kolkwitziella 287
–– incus 416 sanctipaulense, Amphidinium kesslitzii
–– inermis 390, 414 var. 100
–– oedogonii 414 sanctipaulense, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 128,
raciborskii, Peridinium 9, 246, 255, 256, 257 128
raciborskii, Peridinium palustre var. 255 sanctipaulense, Gymnodinium kesslitzii
radiatum, Amphidinium 124 var. 69, 100, 100
radiatum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 70, 124, sanctipaulense, Katodinium 128
124, 130 sanguinea, Tovellia 18, 374, 384, 385
rarum, Gymnodinium 72, 125, 125, 126 sanguineum (H. J. Carter) Diesing, Gleno-
regulare, Glenodinium, nom. inval. 475 dinium 384
regulatum, Peridinium cinctum f. 247 sanguineum Marchesoni, Glenodinium, nom.
regulatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 247 illeg. 324, 384
reniformis, Phytodinedria 420, 423, 424 sauerzopfii, Amphidinium 355
reticulata, Woloszynskia 386, 387, 387 scallense, Peridinium 247
rhenanum, Peridinium 246 schilleri, Amphidinium 467
rhinophoron, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 126, 126 schilleri, Cystodinium 398
rhinophoron, Gymnodinium lantzschii var. 126 schilleri, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 128, 128
Rhizodiniales 58 schilleri, Katodinium 128
Rhizophydium schilleri, Massartia 128
–– oedogonii 414 schuettii, Gymnodinium 67, 129, 129
rhomboides, Peridiniopsis 193, 194 scotticum, Ceratium hirundinella morpho-
rhomvoides, Ceratium 164, 165, 167, 175, type 167, 168
177, 178 Scrippsiella 292, 298
robusta, Peridiniopsis penardii var. 197 –– hangoei 28, 305
robustum, Ceratium hirundinella morpho- scrobiculata, Exuviaella lima var. 449
type 167, 168 sedens, Glenodinium 234
robustum, Unruhdinium penardii var. 190, segriense, Glenodinium 454, 459, 464, 464
197, 197 semicirculatum, Peridinium 247
roseolum, Amphidinium 470 setosa, Phytodinedria 420, 424, 425
roseolum, Glenodinium 470 sexangulare, Dinastridium 411, 411, 412
roseolum, Gymnodinium 470 shumwayae, Pfiesteria 46, 293, 294
rotundatum, Glenodinium 471 shumwayae, Pseudopfiesteria 293
rotundatum, Gymnodinium 86, 410, 411 sibbaldii, Amphidiniopsis 284, 285
rotundatum, Gymnodinium uberrimum var. 86, silesiacum, Ceratium furcoides morpho-
410 type 176, 176
rotundum, Peridinium hieroglyphicum silvatica, Borghiella 323, 328, 328
var. 269 silvaticum, Gyrodinium 328
rufescens, Gymnodinium 108 silvaticum, Spirodinium 328
rufescens, Gymnodinium mirabile var. 108, simile, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 129, 129
110 simplex (Lohmann) Kofoid & Swezy, Gymno-
Rufusiella 443, 446 dinium 358
–– insignis 446, 447 simplex Dangeard, Gymnodinium, nom.
rugosum, Peridinium striolatum f. 261 illeg. 358
rugosum, Peridinium striolatum var. 261, 261 simplex, Peridinium marchicum var. 238
ruttneri, Amphidinium 127 simplex, Phytodinium 417, 425, 426, 426, 426
ruttneri, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 127, 127
Index 557
simplex, Protodinium 358, 358 spiniferum, Peridinium umbonatum var. 209
simplex, Tetradinium 439, 440, 442 spinulosum, Parvodinium africanum var. 213,
sinuatum, Gymnodinium 472 213
sinuatum, Peridinium guestrowiense f. 265 spinulosum (Wołoszyńska) Er. Lindemann,
sinuatum, Peridinium volzii f. 265 Peridinium, nom. illeg. 213
skujae, Amphidinium 355 spinulosum G. Murray & Whitting, Peri-
skvortsowii, Gymnodinium 364 dinium 213
soligenum, Esoptrodinium 336 spinulosum, Peridinium africanum f. 213
soligenum, Hemidinium 332, 336, 337 spinulosum, Peridinium tatricum var. 213
sonfonense, Cystodinium 394, 409, 409 spirale, Gymnodinium 160
sparsa, Biecheleria ordinata var. 350, 350 spirale, Gyrodinium 160
sparsum, Gymnodinium ordinatum var. 350 spirodinioides, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 130, 131
Speroidium VIII, 293, 294 spirodinioides, Katodinium, nom. inval. 130
–– austriacum 294, 296, 296 Spirodinium 160
–– fungiforme 294, 294, 295, 296 –– hyalinum 94
sphaera, Stylodinium 429, 436, 437 –– pusillum 123
sphaericum, Gymnodinium 417 –– pusillum var. minus 123
sphaericum, Hypnodinium 417, 419 –– silvaticum 328
sphaericum, Peridinium willei f. 264, 264 –– vorticella 372
Sphaerodiniaceae VIII, 19, 53, 319, 320, 339 splendidum, Chimonodinium lomnickii
Sphaerodinium 7, 10, 20, 320, 339, 344, 453 var. 299, 308, 309
–– cinctum var. javanicum 342 splendidum, Glenodinium lomnickii var. 308
–– cinctum var. limneticum 343 splendidum, Peridinium lomnickii var. 308
–– cinctum var. polonicum 340 stagnale, Gymnodinium 355
–– cinctum var. polonicum f. tatricum 341 stagnale, Peridinium 300
–– cracoviense 40, 339, 341, 342 stagnale, Peridinium willei f. 264, 265
–– fimbriatum 10, 339, 342, 343 Staszicella 7, 198, 199, 280
–– javanicum 339, 342, 343 –– dinobryonis 280, 281, 282, 428
–– limneticum 339, 343, 344, 453 steinii, Amphidinium 60, 61
–– polonicum 339, 340, 340 steinii, Amphidinium operculatum var. 60
–– polonicum var. tatricum 339, 341, 341 steinii, Cystodinium 398
sphaeroidea, Peridiniopsis 227, 233, 233 steinii (Lemmermann) Wołoszyńska, Glenodini-
sphaeroideum Christen, Peridinium, nom. opsis, nom. illeg. 184
illeg. 233 steinii Wołoszyńska, Glenodiniopsis 184
sphaeroideum L. Mangin, Peridinium 233 steinii, Glenodinium 184
sphagnicola, Amphidinium 130 steinii, Gymnodinium 398
sphagnicola, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 125, 130, steinii, Gyrodinium 95
130 steinmannii, Peridinium 9, 220
spiculiferum, Glenodinium 220 stellatum, Phytodinium 426, 427, 428
spinifera, Gonyaulax 178 stigmatica, Massartia 367
Spiniferodinium 65, 106, 114 stigmaticum, Gymnodinium 367
–– limneticum 105 stigmaticum, Katodinium 367
–– palustre 113 stoschii, Tovellia 374, 385, 386
spiniferum, Parvodinium umbonatum var. 209, stoschii, Woloszynskia 385
210 striolatum Playfair, Peridinium 10, 259, 259,
spiniferum, Peridinium inconspicuum f. 220 267
spiniferum, Peridinium munusculum f. 220 striolatum Wailes, Peridinium, nom. illeg. 259,
spiniferum, Peridinium munusculum var. 267
contactum f. 220 stylatum, Peridinium laeve var. 203
558 Index
Stylodinium 6, 389, 428, 440 tenuirostre, Cystodinium steinii f. 400
–– africanum (Bourrelly) Bourrelly, nom. tenuissima, Borghiella 13, 323, 329, 329,
illeg. 435 381, 461
–– africanum Bourrelly 429, 430, 431, 435 tenuissima, Woloszynskia 329
–– baumeisteri 429, 431, 431 tenuissimum, Gymnodinium 329
–– bavariense 429 terrum, Gymnodinium 472
–– cerasiforme 429, 431, 432, 438 tetraceras, Ceratium 164, 165
–– globosum 428, 429, 429, 430 Tetradinium 6, 14, 389, 439
–– gracile 429, 432, 433 –– chiastosporum 85
–– grande 429, 433, 434 –– chiastosporum var. armatum 86
–– lindemannii 429 –– intermedium 440
–– longipes 429, 433, 434 –– intermedium var. longipes 440
–– phaseolus 429, 434, 435 –– javanicum 439, 440, 441
–– polymorphum 429, 435, 436 –– minus 439, 440, 442
–– quadrangulare 429, 435, 437 –– simplex 439, 440, 442
–– sphaera 429, 436, 437 tetragonops, Katodinium 371
–– tarnum 428, 429, 437, 438 tetragonops, Massartia 371
–– truncatum 428, 429, 439, 439 tetragonops, Opisthoaulax 366, 371, 372
submontanum, Gymnodinium 77, 78 Thecadiniaceae 181, 290
Suessiaceae 19, 53, 319, 320, 344 Thecadinidae 290
Suessiales 19, 20, 52, 53, 54, 319 Thecadiniopsis 291
suttonii, Peridinium 233 –– tasmanica 291, 291
sydneyense, Peridinium, nom. inval. 277 Thecadinium 11
Theleodinium 298, 317
–– calcisporum 25, 317, 318, 319
T thomasii, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 132, 132
tabulatum, Glenodinium 272 Thompsodinium 9, 10, 199, 282, 283
tabulatum, Peridinium 272 –– intermedium 10, 282, 283, 283
tabulatum, Peridinium bipes f. 272 thompsonii, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 132, 133
tarnum, Stylodinium 428, 429, 437, 438 thompsonii, Peridiniopsis 244, 244
tasmanica, Thecadiniopsis 291, 291 Thoracosphaera 292, 298
tatrae, Amphidinium 355 Thoracosphaeraceae 53, 292, 293, 298
tatricum, Gloeodinium montanum var. 444, Thoracosphaerales 19, 20, 25, 52, 53, 292
445 titubans, Gymnodinium 72, 133, 134
tatricum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 131, 131 tjibodense, Peridinium javanicum var. 219
tatricum, Hemidinium nasutum var. 444 toporense, Peridinium umbonatum var., nom.
tatricum, Parvodinium africanum var. 213, inval. 475
214 Tovellia 18, 47, 137, 328, 359, 360, 365, 366,
tatricum, Peridinium 213 373, 380, 462, 472
tatricum, Peridinium africanum f. 213 –– apiculata 374, 375, 377
tatricum, Peridinium africanum var. 213 –– aveirensis 374, 378, 378
tatricum, Sphaerodinium cinctum var. polon- –– coronata 373, 374, 375, 376, 379, 386
icum f. 341 –– diexiensis 380
tatricum, Sphaerodinium polonicum var. 339, –– dodgei 374, 379, 380
341, 341 –– glabra 374, 379, 381
tenagodes, Amphidinium 355 –– leopoliensis 359, 374, 381, 382
tenuirostre, Cystodinium cornifax var. 400, –– nygaardii 374, 382, 383
400 –– paldangensis 374, 383, 384
Index 559
–– sanguinea 18, 374, 384, 385 Unruhdinium 15, 187, 190
–– stoschii 374, 385, 386 –– armebeense 190, 191, 192
Tovelliaceae 19, 20, 21, 359, 472 –– durandii 187, 190, 192, 193
Tovelliales VIII, 7, 19, 26, 47, 52, 54, 359 –– jiulongense 190, 190, 191
treubii, Glenodinium quadridens var. 235 –– kevei 187, 190, 193, 194
treubii, Peridiniopsis cunningtonii var. 235, –– minimum 196, 197
236 –– niei 190, 195, 195
treubii, Peridinium 9, 235 –– penardii 190, 191, 195, 196
treubii, Peridinium cunningtonii f. 235 –– penardii var. maius 197, 197
triceratium, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 133, 134 –– penardii var. robustum 190, 197, 197
tridentatum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 135, 135 Urococcus
trilineatum, Peridinium polonicum var. 315 –– insignis 446
truncatum, Peridinium 474
truncatum, Peridinium striolatum f. 261
truncatum, Peridinium striolatum var. 261, V
261 vancouverense, Peridinium 267
truncatum, Stylodinium 428, 429, 439, 439 vancouverense, Peridinium volzii f. 267, 268
tuberosum, Peridinium 250 varians, Dinamoeba 59
tuberosum, Peridinium cinctum f. 250 varians, Dinamoebidium 59
tuberosum, Peridinium cinctum var. 250, varians, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 138, 138
251, 254 veris, Gymnodinium, nom. illeg. 330
tubulifera, Peridiniopsis cristata var. 231, 232 veris, Woloszynskia, nom. illeg. 137, 330
tumidum, Hemidinium 332 vernale, Amphidinium 355
turfosum, Glenodinium 471 vernale, Glenodinium 471
turicense, Amphidinium 355 vernale, Gymnodinium 138, 355
tylota, Woloszynskia 136 vernale, Katodinium 138, 370
tylotum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 82, 136, 136, vernum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 138, 139, 370
137, 328, 370 verrucosum, Dinastridium 411
Tyrannodinium 293, 296 vierae, Gymnodinium 67, 139, 140
–– berolinense 296, 297 vierae, Katodinium 139
–– berolinense var. apiculatum 297, 298 vigrense, Amphidinium 147, 148
–– edax 8, 296, 297, 297 viguieri, Glenodinium 245
viguieri, Peridiniopsis 245, 245
viguieri, Peridinium 245
U vindobonense, Glenodinium 454, 465, 465
uberrimum, Gymnodinium 109, 157, 474 viridaliut, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 101, 139, 140
uberrimum, Melodinium, nom. inval. 474 viride, Amphidinium 357
uberrimum, Peridinium 109, 474 viride, Glenodinium 471
uliginosa, Glenodiniopsis 184, 184, 185 viride, Gymnodinium 157
uliginosum, Glenodinium 184, 186 viride, Katodinium 67, 159, 159
uliginosum, Peridinium 184 viride, Nusuttodinium 143, 157, 158
umbonatum, Parvodinium 30, 31, 35, 206, viridis, Prosoaulax 355, 357, 357
207, 207, 208, 457 volzii, Peridinium 9, 31, 246, 262, 264, 265,
umbonatum, Peridinium 207, 396 266, 277
undulatum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 137, 137 vorax, Amphidinium 357
unicorne, Cystodinium 87, 394, 410, 410, 411 Vorticella
unicorne, Gymnocystodinium 410 –– cincta 3, 246
unicorne, Gymnodinium 410 vorticella, Gymnodinium 367
560 Index
vorticella, Gyrodinium 367 –– tenuissima 329
vorticella, Katodinium 367 –– tylota 136
vorticella, Massartia 367, 372 –– veris, nom. illeg. 137, 330
vorticella, Opisthoaulax 121, 365, 366, 367,
367
vorticella, Spirodinium 372 Y
yuennanense, Ceratium furcoides morpho-
type 176, 176
W
waltzii, Gymnodinium 72, 74, 140, 141
Warnowiaceae 15, 19 Z
wawrikae, Gymnodinium 67, 141, 142 zachariasii, Gymnodinium 113
westii, Peridinium 249 zonatum, Peridinium 246, 257, 259
westii, Peridinium cinctum f. 40, 249, 249 zonatum, Peridinium cinctum f. 250, 250
westii, Peridinium tabulatum var. 249 zonatum, Peridinium gatunense var. 257
wierzejskii, Chimonodinium lomnickii zonatum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 257
var. 300, 309, 310
wierzejskii, Glenodinium lomnickii var. 309
wierzejskii, Peridinium 309
wigrense, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 141, 142
wildemanii, Glenodinium quadridens var. 234
wildemanii, Peridinium 233
wildemanii, Peridinium cunningtonii var. 233
willei, Peridinium 29, 35, 246, 262, 262, 263,
264, 277
wisconsinense, Peridinium 10, 29, 271, 271
wislouchii, Exuviaella 468
woloszynskae, Borghiella 323, 329, 330, 330
woloszynskae, Gymnodinium 330
woloszynskae, Hemidinium 336, 473
woloszynskae, Katodinium 372
woloszynskae, Massartia 372
woloszynskae, Opisthoaulax 21, 366, 372, 373
Woloszynskia 10, 359, 360, 386
–– apiculata 375
–– biciliata 471
–– cestocoetes 348
–– coronata 375
–– hiemalis 302, 362
–– leopoliensis 377, 381
–– limnetica 362, 364
–– mira, nom. inval. 110
–– neglecta 364
–– ordinata 349
–– pascheri 326, 327
–– pseudopalustris 346
–– reticulata 386, 387, 387
–– stoschii 385
Volumes of the Freshwater Flora of Central
Europe
(for volumes available on the market, the year of publication is provided in brackets)
Vol. 1/1: Chrysophyte and Haptophyte Algae (1985)

Vol. 1/2: Chrysophyte and Haptophyte Algae (Synurophyceae) (2007)
Vol. 2/1: Bacillariophyceae (Naviculaceae) (1999)
Vol. 2/2: Bacillariophyceae (Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae) (1999)
Vol. 2/3: Bacillariophyceae (Centrales; Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae) (2004)
Vol. 2/4: Bacillariophyceae (Achnanthaceae; Literature) (2004)
Vol. 2/5: Bacillariophyceae (English and French translation of the keys) (2000)
Vol. 3: Xanthophyceae 1. Teil (1978)
Vol. 4: Xanthophyceae 2. Teil (1980)
Vol. 5: Cryptophyceae and Raphidophyceae (in prep.)
Vol. 6: Dinophyta (this volume)
Vol. 7: Rhodophyta and Phaeophyceae (2011)
Vol. 8: Euglenophyta (in prep.)
Vol. 9: Chlorophyta I (Phytomonadina) (1983)
Vol. 10: Chlorophyta II (Chlorophyceae p. p.: Chlorococcales) (1988)
Vol. 11: Chlorophyta III (Chlorophyceae p. p.: Sphaeropleales)
Vol. 12: Chlorophyta IV (Chlorophyceae p. p.: Chaetopeltidales, Chaetophorales)
Vol. 13: Chlorophyta V (Ulvophyceae) (2018)
Vol. 14: Chlorophyta VI (Oedogoniophyceae: Oedogoniales) (1985)
Vol. 15: Chlorophyta VII(Trebouxiophyceae: Chlorellales, Oocystales)
Vol. 16: Charophyta I (Zygnematales) (1984)
Vol. 17: Charophyta II (Desmidiales) (in prep.)
Vol. 18: Charophyta III (Charophyceae: Charales) (1997)
Vol. 19/1: Cyanoprokaryota I (Chroococcales) (1998)
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Species of Uncertain Affinities Currently Assigned To Glenodinium

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Species of Uncertain Affinities Currently Assigned To Glenodinium

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Species of uncertain affinities currently

Genus 1. Glenodinium Ehrenberg 1836, p. 174

The genus Glenodinium was described in a very incomplete way by Ehrenberg in

© Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2018

1. Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg sensu auctorum (Fig. 404)

Fig. 404 Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg (a–f after Ehrenberg 1838; g, h after Bergh

2. Glenodinium amphiconicum J. Schiller 1955, p. 49, pl. IX, fig. 49

Cells biconical, slightly flattened dorsoventrally. Epi- and hypocone of almost

Fig. 405 Glenodinium amphiconicum J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a, b ventral

Fig. 406 Glenodinium dangeardii Lemmermann (after Dangeard 1888). a ventral

3. Glenodinium dangeardii Lemmermann 1910, p. 634, figs 37–40 (p. 580)

Epicone hemispherical, smaller than the conical hypocone which is rounded at

4. Glenodinium denticulatum J. Schiller 1955, p. 52, pl. X, fig. 54 (Fig. 407)

Fig. 407 Glenodinium denticulatum J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a ventral view;

No distinct chloroplasts, but almost colorless yellowish-green discs are probably

5. Glenodinium emarginatum G. A. Klebs 1912, pp 394, 439, text-fig. 6 (Fig. 408)

6. Glenodinium eurystomum T. M. Harris 1940, p. 24, fig. 9K–M (Fig. 409)

Cells oval, somewhat compressed dorsoventrally. Epicone larger than hypocone.

Fig. 409 Glenodinium eurystomum T. M. Harris (after Harris 1940). a, b ventral

7. Glenodinium gessneri J. Schiller 1955, p. 49, pl. IX, fig. 48 (Fig. 410)

Cells biconical, dorsoventrally strongly compressed. Epi- and hypocone of equal

8. Glenodinium glaucum Skvortsov 1968, p. 93, pl. III, fig. 1 (Fig. 411)

Fig. 411 Glenodinium glaucum Skvortsov (after Skvortsov 1968). a optical section;

Geographical distribution: Manchuria.

9. Glenodinium helicozoster T. M. Harris 1940, p. 23, fig. 8D–H (Fig. 412)

Cells dorsoventrally strongly compressed, concave ventrally. Epi- and hypocone of

Geographical distribution: England.

12. Glenodinium mezii Steinecke 1916, p. 37, text-fig. 12 (Fig. 415)

Cells round, disc-shaped, compressed dorsoventrally. Epi- and hypocone of nearly

Cells rounded biconical, dorsoventrally barely compressed. Sides almost straight,

Fig. 417 Glenodinium pseudostigmosum Skuja (after Skuja 1964). a ventral view;

14. Glenodinium pseudostigmosum Skuja 1964, pl. LXVII, figs 24–27

Fig. 418 Glenodinium pulvisculus (Ehrenberg) F. Stein (a–f after Ehrenberg 1838;

Basionym: Peridinium pulvisculus Ehrenberg 1830, p. 38

Cells ovoid, rounded biconical. Epicone broadly hemispherical or rounded conical,

Fig. 420 Glenodinium segriense P. A. Dangeard (after Dangeard 1939). a, b ventral

Fig. 421 Glenodinium vindobonense J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a, b ventral

a semicircular or elongate-rounded extension. With numerous yellowish brown,

18. Glenodinium vindobonense J. Schiller 1955, p. 51, pl. X, fig. 51 (Fig. 421)

Amphidinium achromaticum Skvortsov 1958, p. 194, pl. 5, figs 39, 40

The taxonomic affinity of this taxon cannot be determined. It represents an un-

Amphidinium alinii Skvortsov 1958, p. 195, pl. 6, fig. 59

Amphidinium lefevrei Skvortsov 1968, p. 83, pl. I, fig. 6 (“lefevrii”);

Amphidinium nasutum Skvortsov 1958, p. 194, pl. 6, “fig. 65”

There is no figure marked 65 in pl. 6 of Skvortsov (1958), but it is probably the

An egg-shaped organism with a short conical point. A transverse furrow is pres-

Amphidinium ovoideum (Lemmermann) Lemmermann 1900b, p. (115)

Exuviaella wislouchii Skvortsov 1968, p. 80, pl. I, fig. 1 (“Exuviella”)

Glenodinium cosmariaeforme Skvortsov 1958, p. 195, pl. 5, fig. 32

Cells described as oval in ventral view, kidney-shaped in transverse section, com-

Glenodinium ellipsoideum Skvortsov 1968, p. 94, pl. III, fig. 5

Cells described as variable, almost round or ovoid, moderately dorsoventrally

Glenodinium girans Penard 1891, p. 53, pl. IV, figs 5–7

Glenodinium inaequale Schmarda 1854, pp 21, 24, pl. VI, fig. 2 ≡ Glenoaulax

Glenodinium majale Skvortsov 1958, p. 196, pl. 5, fig. 36

Glenodinium minutum Skvortsov 1946, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 4

Glenodinium pulvisculus var. depressum Virieux 1913, p. 5, pl. I, fig. 2

Glenodinium roseolum Schmarda 1854, pp 12, 24, pl. I, fig. 9 ≡ Gymnodinium

Glenodinium turfosum Skvortsov 1958, p. 196, pl. 5, fig. 35

Glenodinium vernale Skvortsov 1968, p. 95, pl. III, fig. 7

Cells described as broadly ovate, not dorsoventrally compressed; epicone shorter

Glenodinium viride Skvortsov 1958, p. 195, pl. 5, fig. 33

Gymnodinium biciliatum Ohno 1911, p. 91, pl. 1 ≡ Woloszynskia biciliata