Guava 1

Guava
This article is about the fruit. For other uses, see Guava (disambiguation).
"Psidium" redirects here. For the thoroughbred racehorse, see Psidium (horse).

Guava

Apple Guava (Psidium guajava)

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Subfamily: Myrtoideae
Tribe: Myrteae
Genus: Psidium
L.
Species
About 100, see text
Synonyms
• Calyptropsidium O.Berg
• Corynemyrtus (Kiaersk.) Mattos
• Cuiavus Trew
• Episyzygium Suess. & A.Ludw.
• Guajava Mill.
• Guayaba Noronha
• Mitropsidium Burret

Guavas (singular guava, /ˈɡwɑː.və/) are plants in the Myrtle family (Myrtaceae) genus Psidium, which contains
about 100 species of tropical shrubs and small trees. They are native to Mexico, Central America, and northern South
America. Guavas are now cultivated and naturalized throughout the tropics and subtropics in Africa, South Asia,
Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, subtropical regions of North America, Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia and Spain.
Guava 2

Types
The most frequently eaten species, and the one often simply referred to
as "the guava", is the Apple Guava (Psidium
guajava).Wikipedia:Citation needed. Guavas are typical Myrtoideae,
with tough dark leaves that are opposite, simple, elliptic to ovate and
5–15 centimetres (2.0–5.9 in) long. The flowers are white, with five
petals and numerous stamens.

The genera Accara and Feijoa (= Acca, Pineapple Guava) were

formerly included in Psidium.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Apple Guava (Psidium guajava) flower

Common names
The term "guava" appears to derive from Arawak guayabo "guava tree", via the Spanish guayaba. It has been
adapted in many European and Asian languages, having a similar form.
Another term for guavas is pera, derived from pear. It is common around the western Indian Ocean and probably
derives from Spanish or Portuguese. In the Indian subcontinent and Middle-East, guava is also called amrood,
possibly a variant of armoot meaning "pear" in Arabic and Turkish languages.
In Egypt, it is called gawafa.

Ecology
Psidium species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera, mainly moths like the Ello Sphinx
(Erinnyis ello), Eupseudosoma aberrans, E. involutum, and Hypercompe icasia. Mites like Pronematus pruni and
Tydeus munsteri are known to parasitize the Apple Guava (P. guajava) and perhaps other species. The bacterium
Erwinia psidii causes rot diseases of the Apple Guava.
The fruit is not only relished by humans, but by many mammals and birds as well. The spread of introduced guavas
owes much to this fact, since animals eat the fruit and disperse the seeds in their droppings.
In several tropical regions, including Hawaii and Florida, some species (namely Strawberry Guava, P. littorale, and
to a lesser extent Apple Guava) have become invasive species. On the other hand, several species have become very
rare due to habitat destruction and at least one (Jamaican Guava, P. dumetorum), is already extinct.
Guava wood is used for meat smoking in Hawaii and is used at barbecue competitions across the United States. In
Cuba and Mexico the leaves are used in barbecues.

Fruit
Guava fruit, usually 4 to 12 centimetres (1.6 to 4.7 in) long, are round
or oval depending on the species. They have a pronounced and typical
fragrance, similar to lemon rind but less sharp. The outer skin may be
rough, often with a bitter taste, or soft and sweet. Varying between
species, the skin can be any thickness, is usually green before maturity,
but becomes yellow, maroon, or green when ripe. The pulp inside may
be sweet or sour, and off-white ("white" guavas) to deep pink ("red"
guavas). The seeds in the central pulp vary in number and hardness,
depending on species.
Ripe apple guavas for sale in Bangalore, India
Guava 3

Range
Guavas are cultivated in many tropical and subtropical countries. Several species are grown commercially; apple
guava and its cultivars are those most commonly traded internationally.
Mature trees of most species are fairly cold-hardy and can survive temperatures slightly colder than 25 °F (−4 °C)
for short periods of time, but younger plants will likely freeze to the ground. Guavas are grown in South Florida as
far north as Sarasota, on the west coast, and Fort Pierce, on the east coast. However, they are a primary host of the
Caribbean Fruit Fly and must be protected against infestation in areas of Florida where this pest is present.
Guavas are also of interest to home growers in temperate areas. They are one of the few tropical fruits that can grow
to fruiting size in pots indoors. When grown from seed, guavas can bear fruit as soon as two years, or as long as
eight years.

Culinary uses
In Mexico, the guava agua fresca beverage is popular. The entire fruit is a key ingredient in punch, and the juice is
often used in culinary sauces (hot or cold), as well as artisan candies, dried snacks, fruit bars, desserts, or dipped in
Chamoy. Pulque de Guava is a popular blend of the native alcoholic beverage.
In many countries, guava is eaten raw, typically cut into quarters or eaten like an apple, whereas in other countries
it's eaten with a pinch of salt and pepper, cayenne powder or a mix of spices (masala). It is known as the winter
national fruit of Pakistan. In the Philippines, ripe guava is used in cooking sinigang. Guava is a popular snack in
Taiwan, sold on many street corners and night markets during hot weather, accompanied by packets of dried plum
powder mixed with sugar and salt for dipping. In east Asia, guava is commonly eaten with sweet and sour dried
plum powder mixtures. Guava juice is popular in many countries. The fruit is also often prepared in fruit salads.
Because of its high level of pectin, guavas are extensively used to make candies, preserves, jellies, jams, and
marmalades (such as Brazilian goiabada and Colombian and Venezuelan bocadillo), and also for juices and aguas
frescas or may be used in a marmalade jam on toast.
Red guavas can be used as the base of salted products such as sauces, substituting for tomatoes, especially to
minimize acidity. A drink may be made from an infusion of guava fruits and leaves which in Brazil is called
chá-de-goiabeira, i.e. "tea" of guava tree leaves, considered medicinal.

Nutritional value

Guavas, common
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy 285 kJ (68 kcal)

Carbohydrates 14.32 g

Sugars 8.92 g

Dietary fiber 5.4 g

Fat 0.95 g

Protein 2.55 g

Vitamins
Guava 4

Vitamin A equiv. (4%)

31 μg
beta-carotene
(3%)
374 μg

Thiamine (B1) (6%)

0.067 mg

Riboflavin (B2) (3%)

0.04 mg

Niacin (B3) (7%)

1.084 mg

Pantothenic acid (B5) (9%)

0.451 mg

Vitamin B6 (8%)
0.11 mg

Folate (B9) (12%)

49 μg

Vitamin C (275%)
228.3 mg

Vitamin K (2%)
2.2 μg

Trace metals

Calcium (2%)
18 mg

Iron (2%)
0.26 mg

Magnesium (6%)
22 mg

Manganese (7%)
0.15 mg

Phosphorus (6%)
40 mg

Potassium (9%)
417 mg

Sodium (0%)
2 mg

Zinc (2%)
0.23 mg

Other constituents

Lycopene 5204 µg

[1]
Link to USDA Database entry
Guava 5

• Units
• μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
• IU = International units

Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations

for adults.
[2]
Source: USDA Nutrient Database

Guavas are rich in dietary fiber and vitamin C, with moderate levels of folic acid. Having a generally broad,
low-calorie profile of essential nutrients, a single common guava (P. guajava) fruit contains about four times the
amount of vitamin C as an orange.
However, nutrient content varies across guava cultivars. Although the strawberry guava (P. littorale var.
cattleianum) has about 25% of the amount found in more common varieties, its total vitamin C content in one
serving (90 mg) still provides 100% of the Dietary Reference Intake.
Guavas contain both carotenoids and polyphenols like (+)-gallocatechin,[3] guaijaverin, leucocyanidin and
amritoside[4]–the major classes of antioxidant pigments – giving them relatively high potential antioxidant value
among plant foods.[5] As these pigments produce the fruit skin and flesh color, guavas that are red-orange have more
pigment content as polyphenol, carotenoid and pro-vitamin A, retinoid sources than yellow-green ones.[6]

Green apple guavas are less rich in pigment

antioxidants

'Thai maroon' guavas, a red apple guava cultivar,rich in carotenoids and polyphenols
Guava 6

Potential medical uses

Since the 1950s, guavas – particularly the leaves – have been the subject for diverse research on their constituents,
pharmacological properties and history in folk medicine.[7] Most research, however, has been conducted on apple
guava (P. guajava), with other species remaining unstudied. From preliminary medical research in laboratory
models, extracts from apple guava leaves or bark are implicated in therapeutic mechanisms against cancer, bacterial
infections, inflammation and pain.[8][9][10] Essential oils from guava leaves display anti-cancer activity in vitro.[11]
Guava leaves are used in folk medicine as a remedy for diarrhea[12] and, as well as the bark, for their supposed
antimicrobial properties and as an astringent. Guava leaves or bark are used in traditional treatments against
diabetes.[13][14][15] In Trinidad, a tea made from young leaves is used for diarrhea, dysentery and fever.

Selected species
• Psidium amplexicaule
• Psidium araao
• Psidium araca
• Psidium australe
• Psidium cattleianum – Cattley Guava, Peruvian Guava, "arazá"
(Colombia), "Chinese Guava" (as invasive species)
• Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum – Strawberry Guava
• Psidium cattleianum var. littorale – Yellow-fruited Cherry Yellow-fruited Cherry Guava, (sometimes called
Guava, waiawī (Hawaiʻi) Lemon Guava) Psidium littorale var. littorale

• Psidium cinereum
• Psidium claraense
• Psidium dumetorum
• Psidium firmum
• Psidium friedrichsthalianum – Costa Rican Guava, Cas
• Psidium galapageium – Galápagos Guava
• Psidium guajava L. – Apple Guava, Common Guava
• Psidium guineense Sw. – Guinea Guava, araçá-do-campo (Brazil)
• Psidium harrisianum Urb.
• Psidium havanense Urb.
Strawberry Guava, Psidium littorale var.
• Psidium incanescens Mart.
cattleianum
• Psidium montanum Sw. – Mountain Guava
• Psidium pedicellatum
• Psidium robustum
• Psidium rostratum
• Psidium rufum, Purple Guava
• Psidium sartorianum Sartre Guava, "arrayán" (Mexico), guyabita del Peru (Panama, Costa Rica), cambuí
(Brazil)
• Psidium sintenisii – hoja menuda
• Psidium socorrense
• Psidium spathulatum
Guava 7

Formerly placed here

• Acca macrostema (as P. macrostemum
• Campomanesia adamantium (as P. adamantium Cambess.)

Shedding bark of
Guava tree

• Campomanesia aromatica (as P. aromatica Aubl.)

• Campomanesia grandiflora (as P. grandiflorum Aubl.)
• Campomanesia guaviroba (as P. cerasoides Cambess. or P. guaviroba DC.)
• Campomanesia lineatifolia (as P. rivulare DC.)
• Campomanesia pubescens (as P. corymbosum Cambess., P. obversum Miq. or P. pubescens
• Eugenia salamensis var. rensoniana (as P. rensonianum Standl.)
• Myrciaria dubia (as P. dubium Kunth)

Footnotes
[1] http:/ / ndb. nal. usda. gov/ ndb/ search/ list?qlookup=09139& format=Full
[2] http:/ / ndb. nal. usda. gov/ ndb/ search/ list
[3] Identification of (+)-gallocatechin as a bio-antimutagenic compound in Psidium guava leaves. Tomoaki Matsuo, Norifumi Hanamure,
Kayoko Shimoi, Yoshiyuki Nakamura and Isao Tomita, Phytochemistry, Volume 36, Issue 4, July 1994, Pages 1027-1029,
[4] Polyphenols of the leaves of psidium guava—quercetin, guaijaverin, leucocyanidin and amritoside. T.R. Seshadri and Krishna Vasishta,
Phytochemistry, Volume 4, Issue 6, 1965, Pages 989-992,
[5] Jiménez-Escrig et al. (2001), Hassimotto et al. (2005), Mahattanatawee et al. (2006)
[6] Wrolstad (2001)
[7] Gutiérrez et al. (2008)
[8] Ojewole (2006)
[9] Chen et al. (2007)
[10] Mahfuzul Hoque et al. (2007)
[11] Manosroi et al. (2006)
[12] Kaljee et al. (2004)
[13] Oh et al. (2005)
[14] Mukhtar et al. (2006)
[15] (free registration required) Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effects of Guava Leaf Extract, Medscape, from Nutrition and
Metabolism, Y Deguchi and K Miyazaki, 2010 (http:/ / www. medscape. com/ viewarticle/ 719422)
Guava 8

References
• Chen, Kuan-Chou; Hsieh, Chiu-Lan; Peng, Chiung-Chi; Hsieh-Li, Hsiu-Mei; Chiang, Han-Sun; Huang,
Kuan-Dar & Peng, Robert Y. (2007): Brain derived metastatic prostate cancer DU-145 cells are effectively
inhibited in vitro by guava (Psidium gujava L.) leaf extracts. Nutr. Cancer 58(1): 93–106. HTML abstract (http://
www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a788082984~db=all)
• Gutiérrez, R.M.; Mitchell, S. & Solis, R.V. (2008): Psidium guajava: a review of its traditional uses,
phytochemistry and pharmacology. J. Ethnopharmacol. 117(1): 1–27. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.025 (http://dx.doi.
org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.025) (HTML abstract)
• Hassimotto, N.M.; Genovese, M.I. & Lajolo, F.M. (2005): Antioxidant activity of dietary fruits, vegetables, and
commercial frozen fruit pulps. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(8): 2928–2935. doi: 10.1021/jf047894h
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf047894h) (HTML abstract)
• Healthaliciousness.com [2008]: Nutrient facts comparison for common guava, strawberry guava, and oranges
(http://www.healthaliciousness.com/nutritionfacts/sbsl.php?one=9139&two=9140&three=9200). Retrieved
2008-DEC-21.
• Jiménez-Escrig, A.; Rincón, M.; Pulido, R. & Saura-Calixto, F. (2001): Guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) as a
new source of antioxidant dietary fiber. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49(11): 5489–5493. doi:
10.1021/jf010147p (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1021/ jf010147p) (HTML abstract)
• Kaljee, Linda M.; Thiem, Vu Dinh; von Seidlein, Lorenz; Genberg, Becky L.; Canh, Do Gia; Tho, Le Huu; Minh,
Truong Tan; Thoa, Le Thi Kim; Clemens, John D. & Trach, Dang Duc (2004): Healthcare Use for Diarrhoea and
Dysentery in Actual and Hypothetical Cases, Nha Trang, Viet Nam. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
22(2): 139-149. PDF fulltext (http://www.icddrb.org:8080/images/jhpn222_healthcare-use.pdf)
• Mahattanatawee, K.; Manthey, J.A.; Luzio, G.; Talcott, S.T.; Goodner, K. & Baldwin, E.A. (2006): Total
antioxidant activity and fiber content of select Florida-grown tropical fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry 54(19): 7355–7363. doi: 10.1021/jf060566s (http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf060566s) PDF fulltext (http://
www.ars.usda.gov/sp2UserFiles/Place/66210000/Reprint969.pdf)
• Mahfuzul Hoque, M.D.; Bari, M.L.; Inatsu, Y.; Juneja, V.K. & Kawamoto, S. (2007): Antibacterial activity of
guava (Psidium guajava L.) and Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) extracts against foodborne pathogens and
spoilage bacteria. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 4(4): 481–488. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2007.0040 (http://dx.doi.org/
10.1089/fpd.2007.0040) PDF fulltext (http://agspace.nal.usda.gov:8080/dspace/bitstream/10113/15907/1/
IND44037805.pdf)
• Manosroi, J.; Dhumtanom, P. & Manosroi, A. (2006): Anti-proliferative activity of essential oil extracted from
Thai medicinal plants on KB and P388 cell lines. Cancer Letters 235(1): 114–120. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.04.021
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2005.04.021) PMID 15979235 (HTML abstract)
• Mendes, John (1986). Cote ce Cote la: Trinidad & Tobago Dictionary. Arima, Trinidad.
• Mukhtar, H.M.; Ansari, S.H.; Bhat, Z.A.; Naved, T. & Singh, P. (2006): Antidiabetic activity of an ethanol extract
obtained from the stem bark of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae). Pharmazie 61(8): 725–727. PMID 16964719 (HTML
abstract)
• Oh, W.K.; Lee, C.H.; Lee, M.S. et al. (2005): Antidiabetic effects of extracts from Psidium guajava. J.
Ethnopharmacol. 96(3): 411–415. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.041 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.041)
(HTML abstract)
• Ojewole, J.A. (2006): Antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of Psidium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous
extract in rats and mice. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 28(7): 441–446. doi:
10.1358/mf.2006.28.7.1003578 (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1358/ mf. 2006. 28. 7. 1003578) (HTML abstract)
• Wrolstad, Ronald E. (2001): The Possible Health Benefits of Anthocyanin Pigments and Polyphenolics (http://
lpi.oregonstate.edu/ss01/anthocyanin.html). Version of May 2001. Retrieved 2008-DEC-21.
Guava 9

External links
• Fruits of Warm Climates: Guava (http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/guava.html)
• California Rare Fruit Growers: Tropical Guava Fruit Facts (http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/guava.html)
Article Sources and Contributors 10

Article Sources and Contributors

Guava  Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=612810886  Contributors: (jarbarf), 28421u2232nfenfcenc, 5 albert square, 5Q5, A-giau, A. Parrot, AThing, Aaron1a12, Abkajee,
Abtinb, Abu Munya, Acroterion, Addihockey10, Ahoerstemeier, Alansohn, Albeee131, AlbertCahalan, Alicat01, Allforjesus2, AmaryllisGardener, Anand hec, Anaxial, Andonic, Angela C,
Angus, ArglebargleIV, Arthena, Aruton, Avoided, Ayvion, Aziz1005, Baal Zebul, Badagnani, BananaFiend, Bapithakur, Bcp67, Belovedfreak, Bender235, Berdidaine, Berean Hunter, Bhadani,
Bhawani Gautam, Biraj kk, Biswal1, Bogey97, Boricuamark, Brambleclawx, Brimba, Bucephalus, C J B Scholten, C777, Calabe1992, Candleabracadabra, Canuckian89, Capitalismojo,
CapnPrep, Carlotm, Caspian blue, Cboning, Chad1m, Chaerani, Chango369w, Charlesdrakew, Cheeriokole, Chili84, Chun-hian, Chzz, ColinMcMillen, CommonsDelinker, ConnectedOnSunday,
Courcelles, CubeXpert, DHN, Dainomite, Daonguyen95, Davidals, Deflective, Deli nk, Deskana, Dfrg.msc, Didiercollard, Discospinster, DocWatson42, Dolphin Jedi, Dthomsen8,
Dysmorodrepanis, Ecemaml, Eghanvat, Emijrp, Enviroboy, Epbr123, Ethel Aardvark, Evelyn Z, Excirial, Felstaff, Fev, Fibonacci, Forest Ash, Fqamar, Fuadsyazwan, GCarty, GTBacchus,
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Imrehg, Isko1901, JForget, Jack Greenmaven, Jahnavisatyan, JamesAM, Jean.artegui, Jeanvaljeans23, Joeldixon66, Joglekar, John Hill, JohnOwens, Jorge Stolfi, Joydeep, Jpatokal, Jurema
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RDBrown, Rajesh dangi, Rasheedareejo, Ravindiran, RazorICE, Reneeholle, RexNL, Ricardo Carneiro Pires, Ricardo Pimentel, Rich Farmbrough, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ), Richard
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