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•  Hippocra(c

 oath  and  Declara(on  of  


Geneva  require  adherence  to  
professional  secrecy  
•  All  informa(on  about  pa(ent/illness/
family  be  kept  confiden(al  
•  Doctor  should  maintain  highest  degree  
of  confiden(ality  
•  Confiden(ality  extends  even  aAer  the  
pa(ent’s  death  
 
•  Never  divulge  it  to  3rd  party,  even  to  
rela(ves  without  consent    
•  Disclosure  would  be  a  breach  of  trust  
•  If  disclosure  results  in  harm  to  pa(ent,  
he  can  sue  doctor  for  damages    
•       Informa(on  can  be  divulged  to  3rd  party    
         only  with  expressed  consent  of  pa(ent  
•       In  case  of  minor  or  insane  with  consent      
           from  guardian    
• Informa(on  can  be  shared  with  other  
colleagues  involved  in  the  treatment  of  
the  pa(ent  
• Hospital  authori(es  responsible  for  
storing  data  on  pa(ents  securely.  When  
ordered  should  be  forwarded  to  courts  
confiden(ally  
• Informa(on  regarding  illness  of  an  
employee  cannot  be  divulged  to  
employer  without  consent  of  pa(ent  
•  In  some  instances  doctor  can  disclose  
informa0on  regarding  illness  of  a  
pa0ent  
•  By  breaking  the  professional  secrecy  
•  When  there  is  a  danger  to  the  public/
pa0ent  or  state  as  a  result  of  a  disease  
in  a  pa0ent  
•  Such  informa0on  should  be  disclosed  directly  
to  the  relevant  authority    
•  Wherever  possible  try  to  obtain  consent  from  
the  pa0ent  
•  But  the  doctor  has  a  right  to  inform  the  
relevant  authority  even  if  the  pa0ent  refuses  
to  give  consent  
•  And  doctor  cannot  be  sued  for  damages    
Ex.  of  cases  of  privileged  communica5ons  

1.  Cook/  waiter  in  a  hotel  diagnosed  to  have  


typhoid  
2.          Driver  of  a  bus/  train  is  found  to  be  colour            
                 blind  
3.  No0fica0on  of  infec0ous  diseases/occupa0onal  
disease/  births/deaths  to  relevant  authori0es  
4.  Suicidal  tendencies  of  pa0ent  to  be  no0fied  to  
parents/  guardian  
5.  Informa0on  disclosed  to  courts  by  the  
doctor  regarding  a  pa0ent  is  absolutely  
privileged  
6.  Medical  examina0on  findings  can  be  
disclosed  to  insurance  company  when  
taking  an  insurance  policy    
7.  If  adult  pa0ent  shows  suicidal  tendencies  
or  be  a  danger  to  family,  doctor  should  
inform  about  the  condi0on  to  the  family  
8.      Pa0ent  with  communicable  disease    or  HIV/  
           AIDS  disclose  it  to  the  family  and  spouse        
               
9.   Inform  police  when  pa0ents  admiSed  
following  assault,    accidents,  burns,  
poisoning,  criminal  abor0on  and  sexual  
assaults      
 
10.  In  a  medical  negligence  case  filed  against          
             the  doctor  he  can  give  evidence  on  his    
             pa0ent’s  illness  
 
11.  When  repor0ng  a  case  in  a  medical  journal,    
             iden0ty  of  pa0ent  should  not  be  disclosed    

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