Bothalia 35.

2: 115-120 (2005)

Eremiolirion, a new genus of southern African Tecophilaeaceae, and

taxonomic notes on Cyanella alba

J.C. MANNING*, F. FOREST** and C.A. MANNHEIMER***

Keywords: biogeography, Cyanella alba L.f., Cyanella L„ Eremiolirion amboense (Schinz) J.C.Manning & C.Mannheimer. Eremiolirion
J.C.Manning & F.Forest, gen. nov., Namibia. South Africa. Tecophilaeaceae

ABSTRACT

The generic affiliation o f Cyanella amboensis Schinz has been uncertain since the species w as excluded from the genus
Cyanella L. in 1991. The species has two leaves, a divaricately branching inflorescence, ebracteolate pedicels, and acti-
nomorphic flowers with monomorphic anthers. It is endemic to the western parts of central and northern Namibia. Other
species o f Cyanella have several leaves, racemose inflorescences, bracteolate pedicels, zygomorphic flowers with dimor­
phic anthers, and are endemic or near-endemic to the winter rainfall region in southwestern South Africa and southern
Namibia. These differences are consistent with the recognition of the species as a distinct genus within the family.
Phylogenetic analysis of plastid DNA sequences indicates that C. amboensis Schinz is sister to the other species of
Cyanella, a relationship that also supports its independent generic status. The monotvpic genus Eremiolirion is according­
ly erected to accommodate the species. Minor differences in flower colour and vegetative morphology in Cyanella alba L.f.
are shown to correlate with the three disjunct groups o f populations in which the species occurs, and these populations are
recognized at the level o f subspecies.

Tecophilaeaceae are a small family of geophytic peren­ praisal of its relationships within the family. A label
nials well circumscribed by their cormous rootstock, porici- appended to the specimen Bean. VIok & Viviers 1824
dal anthers and semi-inferior ovary (Simpson & Rudall (BOL) indicates that at the time she had considered that
1998). The flowers of all species are attractive, brightly the species might be best transferred to the Chilean genus
coloured and often fragrant (Manning etal. 2002). The fam­ Conanthera, with which it shares a branched inflores­
ily comprises 24 species, currently distributed among eight cence and symmetrical anthers, but the similarity is not
small genera, three of which are monotypic. The genus actually that close. Conanthera has numerous leaves and
Odontostomum Torr. (1 sp.) is endemic to California, a zygomorphic, blue to purple perianth, in contrast to the
Conanthera Ruiz & Pav. (5 spp.). Tecophilaea Bertero ex bifoliate condition and actinomorphic. white perianth of
Colla (2 spp.) and Zephyra D.Don (1 sp.) are restricted to C. amboensis. Currently, therefore, the species is of
Chile, and the remaining four. Cyanastrum Oliv. (3 spp.), uncertain generic affinity. Molecular evidence places C.
Cyanella L. (7 or 8 spp.), Kabuyea Brummitt (1 sp.) and amboensis as sister to a monophyletic clade comprising
Walleria J.Kirk (3 spp.), occur in sub-Saharan Africa the remaining species in the genus (six of the seven
(Simpson & Rudall 1998). An analysis of plastid remaining species are included in this study). This topol­
sequence data for the rbcL gene and the trnL-F region for ogy offers two options for resolving the generic position
all genera and most species (18), places the three Chilean of C. amboensis'. the species can either be incorporated
genera as sister to the Califomian-African clade and within an expanded circumscription o f the genus
retrieves all genera as monophyletic (Forest & Manning Cyanella; or a new genus should be erected to accom­
2005 in prep.). modate it. The morphological differences between
Cyanella s. str. and C. amboensis are substantial, includ­
The African genera have been thoroughly mono­ ing leaf number, inflorescence structure, floral symme­
graphed (Carter 1962; Scott 1991; Brummitt et al. 1998). try, and arrangement of the androecium. Genera in
Among them. Cyanastrum and Kabuyea are found only Tecophilaeaceae as currently circumscribed are homoge­
in the tropics, Walleria is widely dispersed through sub­ neous assemblages of closely related species in which
tropical Africa, and Cyanella is almost restricted to the floral symmetry in particular plays a defining role.
winter rainfall region of South Africa in the extreme Including C. amboensis within Cyanella would not only
southwest of the continent. A single species of Cyanella, enlarge the circumscription of the genus to the extent that
C. amboensis Schinz is found further north, in central it is no longer morphologically coherent but would ren­
Namibia. This species is morphologically anomalous der it uniquely heterogeneous in comparison to the other
among the rest of the species of Cyanella and was genera in the family.
excluded from the genus by Scott (1991) pending a reap­
Cyanella s. str. is circumscribed on the basis of its
tunicated corm, several to numerous leaves, zygomor­
* Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute,
Private Bag X7. 7735 Claremont. Cape Town. phic flowers with dimorphic anthers, and bracteolate
** Leslie Hill Molecular Systematics Laboratory. South African pedicels. All of the species are endemic to or centred in
National Biodiversity Institute. Private Bag X7. 7735 Claremont. Cape the winter rainfall region of southern Africa. Cyanella
Town & Department of Botany. University of Cape Town. Private Bag. amboensis. in contrast, has just two leaves, the flowers
7701 Rondebosch, Cape Town.
*** National Herbarium o f Namibia. National Botanical Research are truly actinomorphic with monomorphic anthers, the
Institute. Private Bag 13184. Windhoek. pedicels are ebracteolate. and the species is distributed in
MS. received: 2005-04-05. summer rainfall Namibia. On the basis of these several
116 Bothalia 35,2 (2005)

FIGURE 1.— Eremiolirion amboense, Mannheimer 2510 (NBG). A, whole plant; B, flower, front view; C, inner tepal; D, outer tepal; E, androe-
cium; F, single anther, adaxial surface; G, half flower detail; H, tip o f anther; I, detail o f mouth o f floral tube showing corona; J, capsule;
K, seed. Scale bar: A -D , J, 10 mm; E-G, 2.5 mm; H, 3.75 mm; I, 1 mm; K, 2 mm. Artist: J.C. Manning.
Bothalia 35,2 (2005) 117

morphological and ecological differences, the species is

most appropriately accommodated in a separate genus
closely allied to but distinct from Cyanella s. str., for
which we propose the name Eremiolirion.

1. Eremiolirion J.C.Manning & F.Forest, gen. nov.

Species unica, a speciebus Cy.anellae duobusfoliis,

pedicellis sine bracteolis, floribus actinomorphis,
antheris monomorphis distinguenda.

TYPE.—Eremiolirion amboense (Schinz) J.C.Manning

& C.A. Mannheimer (= Cyanella amboensis Schinz).

Deciduous geophyte with deep-seated, subglobose to

oblate tunicated cormii tunics decaying into firm-leath-
ery, coarsely netted fibres extending into neck. Cataphyll
pale membranous. Leaves 2, basal, narrowly lanceolate,
canaliculate with prominent midrib abaxially, leathery.
Inflorescence divaricately branching, paniculate cyme;
tepals spreading from base, oblong, obtuse, margins rev­
bracts subtending branches and pedicels only; pedicels
olute, 15-20 x 5-7 mm; inner tepals at first suberect but
cemuous at tip, elongating slightly in fruit and straight­
spreading in upper half, pandurate, shortly clawed, claw
ening. Flowers actinomorphic, nodding, campanulate,
± 2 mm long, blade ovate, 13-18 x 7-10 mm, margins
white flushed abaxially with pink or maroon; tepals 6 in
crisped, apex slightly cucullate. Stamens attached to
two whorls, connate below into short tube with minute,
perianth near mouth of tube; filaments terete, ± 0.25 mm
fringed corona present at mouth of tube; tepals dimor­
long, anthers narrowly lanceolate, 9-10 mm long; yel­
phic, outer oblong, inner pandurate. Stamens 6,
low, dehiscing by oblong apical pore, 1.5 mm long.
monomorphic, symmetrical, attached to perianth near
Ovary half inferior; ovules ± 6 per locule; style extend­
mouth of tube; anthers basifixed, erect and connivent
ing ± 1 mm beyond anthers, white, 10-12 mm long.
around style, narrowly lanceolate, dehiscing by oblong
Capsules ovoid to globose, 10-12 x 8-12 mm. Seeds
apical pores. Ovary half inferior, trilocular; ovules sever­
ellipsoid-pyriform, 4.0^4.5 x 3.0-3.5 mm, blackish
al per locule; style terete, erect, straight, slightly taper­
brown; testa surface rugose. Figure 1.
ing; stigma minute. Capsules ovoid to globose. Seeds
ellipsoid-pyriform, blackish brown, testa surface rugose. Distribution and ecology: locally common through the
higher-lying parts of west-central and northwestern
Distribution: a single species in central and north­
Namibia, occurring along the better watered, western edge
western Namibia.
of the escarpment from west of Mariental in the south to
Etymology: the name is a compound of the Greek Kaokoland in the north (Figure 2). The species typically
eremios (desert or wilderness) and lirion (white lily). occurs in colonies, often numbering many individuals, in
sandy loam or heavy clay soils, especially in stony or grav­
Eremiolirion amboense (Schinz) J.C.Manning & elly situations. The flowers close up at night around 21:00,
C.A. Mannheimer, comb. nov. re-opening in the morning around 09:00. They are fragrant
during the day, with a jasmine-like fragrance at first but
Cyanella amboensis Schinz in Bulletin de THerbier Boissier, sér. 2, later smelling of stale urine, and are visited by bees and the
2: 943 (1902). Type: South West Africa [Namibia], Amboland
[Ovamboland], Ondonga, [Ondongwa], Rautenen 344 (Z, holo.!).
occasional moth (Ward, Ward & Ward 10518). The dor­
mant corms sprout only in response to good summer rains,
Plants (60-) 100-250 mm high. Corms deep-seated, flowering mainly in February and March, sometimes as
30 mm diam; tunics decaying into firm-leathery, coarse­ early as mid-January and rarely into early April, depending
ly netted fibres extending into neck, 10-60 mm long, on the timing of the rains. In drier years when rainfall is
pale whitish brown. Cataphyll extending to ground level, below the average annual of ± 175 mm. the species flow­
pale membranous. Leaves 2, basal, suberect, narrowly ers poorly or not at all. The extent of flowering is also
lanceolate, (10-) 15-25 x (8-) 10-20 mm, attenuate, dependant on the amount of rain received. In addition, if
canaliculate with prominent midrib abaxially, leathery. the rains are patchy, migratory herds of springbok and
Inflorescence divaricately branching, paniculate cyme, zebra move into the areas very quickly and consume both
(l-)3-7-branched, up to 30-flowered; bracts subtending the leaves and the inflorescences eagerly. The corms com­
branches and pedicels only, lowermost linear-attenuate, prise part of the traditional diet of the San around Etosha
conduplicate, up to 80 x 2 mm, becoming progressively (Giess, Volk & Bleissner 6039).
shorter, uppermost lanceolate, attenuate to aristate, 3 x 1
mm; pedicels cemuous at tip, 15-25 mm long, elongat­ History: the species was first collected by Rev. Martti
ing slightly in fruit and straightening, ultimately 20-40 Rautanen of the Finnish Missionary Society, who arrived in
mm long. Flowers nodding, campanulate, white flushed Cape Town in late December 1868 w ith his colleagues on
abaxially with pink or maroon at base of outer tepals, fra­ their way to establish mission stations in Ovamboland in
grant; perianth tube ± 4 x 5 mm with fringed corona, northern South West Africa, now Namibia (Gunn & Codd
0.5-1.0 mm high, at mouth of tube and forming collar 1981). Rautanen's interest in natural history was stimula­
extending over ovary to surround base of style; outer ted by the visit of the German botanist. Dr Hans Schinz,
118 Bothalia 35,2 (2005)

who spent seven months of his botanical tour of South

West Africa [Namibia] from 1884—1887 in the vicinity of
the Olukondo Mission Station where Rautanen was based.
Schinz was greatly assisted by Rautanen and returned the
favour by naming several plant species for him. Since then
the species has been collected from numerous localities to
the south and is well known enough among locals to have
received the charming sobriquet, desert snowdrop.

Additional material examined

NAMIBIA.— 1713 (Swartbooisdrif): W of Ombazu, (-DD), 9 April
1973 (fruiting), W. Giess 12658 (WIND), W. Giess & Van der Walt 12658
(WIND). 1813 (Ohopoho): nearOhopoho, (-BB), May 1961 (fruiting), G.
Gibson 201 (WIND); Onduvi, Orumana, (-BB), 20 February 1969 (fruit­
ing), B.J. Grobbelaar 82 (WIND). 1913 (Sesfontein): Kunene, Barab
River, (-DB), 23 March 2001, A. Burke 1020 (WIND). 1914 (Kamanjab):
40 km E of Otjovasandu, (-BB), 3 May 1973 (fruiting), Le Roux 527 (PRE,
WIND); Etendeka Mountain Camp, 1 058 m, (-DD), 28 February 2004, C.
Mannheimer 2510 (NBG, WIND). 1915 (Okaukuejo): Etosha, Adamax,
(-BB), 16 January 1974, Le Roux 597 (PRE, WIND); Etosha Pan, ± 11 16° 18° 20° 22° 24°
--------1------------------------------------------ I_____________ I_____________ i___
miles NW of Okaukuejo, (-BB), 27 March 1963, W. Giess, OH. Volk & B.
Bleissner 6039 (WIND); ± 1 km E of Leeubron, (-BB), 15 February 1985,
S. Brown & H. Kolberg 302 (PRE, WIND). 2013 (Unjab Mouth): Farm FIGURE 3.— Distribution of Cyanella alba subsp. alba, O; subsp.
Driefontein OU. 716, (-BD), 25 March 1977, M. Muller & W. Giess 381 Jlavescens, • ; subsp. minor, A.
(WIND). 2014 (Welwitschia): S side of watershed Ugab/Huab Rivers NW
of Brandberg, (-CA), 10 April 1989, CJ. Ward, J.D. Ward & M.C. Ward
10518 (PRE, WIND); Twyfelfontein area, at gate to Petrified Forest,
vidual flowers are borne on elongated pedicels up to 200
(-CB), 17 February 1978, P. Craven 633 (WIND); between Gaiais-Doros mm long, and because of the highly condensed inflores­
road and Huab River ± in line with Krone, (-CC), 31 March 1984 (fruit­ cence axis, appear to arise singly from among the leaves.
ing), P. Craven 1504 (WIND); Doros, Rhinowasser, (-CD), 22 March The leaves in the remaining species are lanceolate to nar­
1984, J. Knowles 6 (PRE, WIND). 2114 (Uis); 16 miles W of Brandberg, rowly lanceolate and the inflorescence is distinctly race­
West Mine on road to Uis, (-AA), 20 March 1967, W. Giess 9715 (PRE,
WIND); Omaruru, S of Brandberg, (-BA), 20 March 1967, W. Giess 9708
mose, with individual flowers borne on short pedicels.
(PRE, WIND). 2315 (Rostock): Swakopmund, W of Kuiseb Canyon, There is significant variation in flower colour within C.
(-BD), 10 February 1966, W. Giess 9131 (PRE, WIND); W of Kuiseb, alba, with the tepals varying from white to yellow, or rarely
(-BD), 27 January 1972, W. Giess & H. Hiibsch 11612 (PRE, WIND); pale pink. Scott (1991) referred to minor morphological
between Solitaire and Rostock in deep red sand, (-BD), 19 April 1987, P.A. differences between the colour forms and suggested that
Bean, Vlok & Vrviers 1824 (BOL); 30 miles W of Solitaire near Kuiseb
Canyon, (-BD), 3 April 1973, M.F. Thompson 1569 (NBG, PRE); Farm
further investigation might provide a clearer picture of the
Greylingshof SW 107, (-BD), 16 February 1963 (fruiting), W. Giess, O H. ‘distribution...and infraspecific variation’ of the species.
Volk & B. Bleissner 5158 (PRE, WIND); 10 miles W of Klein Tinkas along Examination of the species in the field and in the herbari­
road to Salem, (-CD), 17 March 1967, W. Giess 9642 (WIND). um indicates that the geographical distribution of the
species is strongly correlated with differences in flower
Uncertain locality colour and some other morphological traits.
NAMIBIA.—Goabis, 25 December 1908, Dinter 664 (SAM); Cyanella alba is restricted to mountain renosterveld,
Grootfontein District, 19 January 1912, Dinter s. n. (SAM).
a sclerophyllous, evergreen shrubland dominated by the
asteraceous shrub Elytropappus rhinocerotis (L.f.) Less.,
Key to the southern African genera of Tecophilaeaceae
occupying fine-grained clay soils of the Bokkeveld
la Corm lacking a tunic; leaves cauline, grading into floral Series that receive moderate amounts of winter rainfall,
bracts, flowers thus axillary; seeds deeply lobed or pa­ from 250 to 450 mm per year (Low & Rebelo 1996). The
pillate with tuft o f hairs on each lobe or papilla............ Walleria species has a discontinuous distribution along the moun­
lb Corm with fibrous tunic; leaves basal, sharply differentiated from
tain ranges of the west coast of Western Cape, from
bracts, flowers thus racemose or cymose; seeds rugose:
2a Leaves (3-)5-8; inflorescence racemose, sometimes Nieuwoudtville in the north to Karoo Poort, east of Ceres
sparsely branched; pedicels bearing a dorsal in the south, a distance of some 200 km. Within this arc,
bracteole in upper half; flowers zygomorphic; the species occurs in three disjunct groups of populations
stamens dimorphic, in two groups (either 3+3 or (Figure 3). The northern populations, distributed along
5 + 1 )............................................................................. Cyanella
the Bokkeveld Escarpment, are characterized by their
2b Leaves 2; inflorescence a divaricate panicle; pedicels
without bracteoles; flowers actinomorphic; sta­ white or rarely pale pink flowers flushed with darker
mens monomorphic, connivent.........................Eremiolirion pink on the reverse of the tepals. The anthers are uni­
formly yellow and the upper five are either coherent or
2. Cyanella alba L.f. free from one another. The plants are often well grown,
producing more than three and up to nine flowers on long
The genus Cyanella comprises seven species of deci­ pedicels, (80-) 100-200 mm in length. Each pedicel
duous geophytes concentrated in the winter rainfall region bears a well-developed bracteole arising at a point
at the southwestern tip of southern Africa (Scott 1991). between one third and three-quarters along its length.
Among them, Cyanella alba is easily the most distinctive,
distinguished from all others by its linear-filiform leaves A second group of populations occurs just south of the
and contracted inflorescence axis. In this species the indi- Bokkeveld, in the northern Cederberg Mountains around
Bothalia 35,2 (2005) 119

Clanwilliam and the Biedouw Valley. They are separated has never been collected there again. There are other
from the Bokkeveld populations by the arid expanse of instances of mislabelling by Stokoe (Goldblatt & Manning
the Doom River Valley, which supports a succulent 2000: 507).
karoo vegetation in which C. alba does not grow. The
Cederberg populations resemble the Bokkeveld popula­ Additional material examined
tions in stature but are distinguished from them by their
flower colour. In these plants the tepals (sometimes only NORTHERN CAPE.— 3119 (Calvinia): N o f Nieuwoudtville.
the inner whorl but usually both whorls) are pale yellow Grasberg. (-AC), 16 September 1961. W.F. Barker 9457 (NBG): top of
Van Rhvn's Pass. (-AC). 29 November 1974. W. Wisura 2991 (NBG);
rather than white, and the upper five anthers are invari­ Van Rhyn's Pass. S side. (-AC). 4 October 1962, G.J. Lewis 6126
ably coherent and marked on their outer (upper) face (NBG); Nieuwoudtville Reserve. (-AC). 8 September 1983. PL. Perry
with a prominent dark maroon or blackish blotch near the & D. Snijman 2351 (NBG); Nieuwoudtville Reserve, (-AC), 12
base. Like the Bokkeveld plants, the pedicels are bracte- October 1983. PL. Pern & D. Snijman 2383 (NBG): Nieuwoudtville,
(-AC), January 1931.' J.W Mathews NBG2270/30 (BOL); near
olate.
Nieuwoudtville. (-AC). September 1941. T.P. Stokoe 8693 (BOL): 11
km from Nieuwoudtville in direction o f Calvinia. Van Wyk’s Farm.
A third group of populations occurs well to the south September 1930, (-AC). L. Bolus 19587 (BOL): ± 15 km S of
at Karoopoort, in small patches of renosterveld that fringe Nieuwoudtville. Matjiesfontein. (-AC), 13 September 1976. M.F.
the arid Tanqua River Basin. These plants are typically Thompson 2902 (NBG); 15 km SSW o f Nieuwoudtville. Oorlogskloof
smaller in stature with fewer, up to three and often just Nature Reserve. Farm Driefontein. (-CA). 10 October 1996. W.A.J.
Pretorius 360 (NBG); Farm Lokenberg. (-CA). 4 September 1985. D.
one flower per plant, borne on pedicels that are mostly
Snijman 905 (NBG); Lokenburg, (-C A ). 29 August 1941. E.
less than 100 mm long, rarely up to 150 mm. The flowers Esterhuysen 5751 (BOL): Menzieskraal. (-CA). 29 September 1933.
are white or pale pink, flushed darker pink on the reverse, Markotters.n. (NBG).
and the upper five anthers are coherent and uniformly yel­
low. Superficially the plants resemble small forms of the Doubtful locality
Bokkeveld genotype, and it could be argued that they rep­
resent nothing more than depauperate forms from mar­ WESTERN CAPE.— 3118 (Vanryhnsdorp): Nardouw Pass. (-DD).
September 1941. T.P. Stokoe SAM55591 (SAM).
ginal habitats at the edge of the distribution. However,
closer examination reveals that the bracteoles on the
subsp. flavescens J.C.Manning, subsp. nov.
pedicels have been completely suppressed and are thus
lacking. In this respect the plants are unique in the genus. A ceteris subspeciebus habitu 120-200 mm elato, foliis
lineari-filiformibus et 1-2 mm latis. pedicellis bracteolatis,
The three disjunct groups of populations of Cyanella
floribus 1-4 et dilute flavis vel tepalis extemis albis,
alba are thus morphologically distinct from one another.
antheris superis ad basim maculatis differt.
These morphological distinctions point to long-standing
separation, sufficient to allow genetic drift, suggesting TYPE.—Western Cape. 3218 (Clanwilliam): Biedouw-
that the disjunctions are interpreted to be the result of berg. (-AA), 26 August 1896. R. Schlechter 8686 (NBG,
isolation due to the intervening areas of aridity rather holo.!; BOL. PRE. iso.!).
than the alternative hypothesis of recent fragmentation
through farming activities also offered by Scott (1991). Plants 120-200 mm high. Leaves linear-filiform. 1-2
Since each of the groups of populations is geographical­ mm wide. Pedicels bracteolate. Flowers 1—4. pale yellow
ly isolated from the other, and is morphologically distin­ or outer tepals white. Anthers yellow, upper five macu­
guishable. it is appropriate to recognize them at the level late. marked with dark blotch near base.
of subspecies. The homogeneous nature of each of the
groups of populations points to genetic continuity within Distribution: Western Cape, northern Cederberg,
each group, while the differences between them indicate between Clanwilliam and Wuppertal, especially common
significant levels of genetic discontinuity. This is highly in the Biedouw River Valley (Figure 3).
significant in the context of the high levels of microgeo­
graphic speciation that characterize much of the Cape Additional material examined
flora (Goldblatt & Manning 2000).
WESTERN CAPE.—3218 (Clanwilliam): Clanwilliam. (-BB). 4
Cyanella alha L .f: 201 (1781). Type: Sheet 430/4. August 18%. R Schlechter 8405 (BOL): Clanwilliam. ( BB). no date.
Thunberg collection in herb. Linn. (LINN, lecto.; NBG, C.L. Leipoldt 254 (SAM); Clanw illiam. (-BB). 30 August 1930 (cult ). E
Struts burger s.n. (NBG): 10 km S of Clanwilliam. ( BB). 12 September
microfiche!). 1997. P Goldblatt & J Manning 10741 (MO. NBG). 3219 (Wuppertal):
Biedouwberg. (-AA). 3 September 1933. FM Leighton s.n. (BOL);
subsp. alha Biedouw Hill. ( AA). 1984. G. Scott 2 (NBG); Biedouw Mountain.
( AA). 20 September 1937. G.J. Lewis s.n. (NBG): bottom of pass into
Plants (80 ) 100-200 mm high. Leaves linear. 1-3 Biedouw Valley. (-AA). 24 August 1967. M.F Thompson 352 (NBG);
mm wide. Pedicels bracteolate. Flowers 3-9, white to bottom of hill to Biedouw Valley, (-AA). 9 August 1984. PL. Perry 3145
pale pink. Anthers uniformly yellow. (NBG); WelbedachU AA). 20 September 1937. W.F. Barker 283 (NBG):
Koudeberg near Wuppertal. (-AA). 4 October 1897. H Bolus 9095
Distribution: Northern Cape, Bokkeveld Escarpment (NBG); Citadel Kop. (-AA). 7 September 1953. R.H. Compton 24237
(NBG): Wuppertal. (- AA). 18 August 1938. B Martin NBG1794/37
from just north of Nieuwoudtville southwards to Menzies- (NBG); near Wuppertal. (-AA). 28 August 1951. B E Martin 811 (NBG).
kraal (Figure 3). The collection Stokoe SAM55591 from the
Nardouwsberg north of Clanwilliam, while certainly this subsp m inor J.C.Manning, subsp. nov.
form, is doubtfully correctly localized. The Nardouwsberg
is a sandstone range that provides no suitable habitats for A ceteris subspeciebus habitu 80-150 mm elato. foli­
the species and although it is well explored, the species is filiformibus et 0.5-1.5 mm latis. pedicellis ebracteo-
120 Bothalia 35,2 (2005)

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WESTERN CAPE.— 3319 (Worcester): Ceres, (-BA), October MANNING, J.C., GOLDBLATT, P. & SNIJMAN, D.A. 2002. The color
1929, H. Neilson NBG1794/29 (BOL); Hottentots' Kloof, (-BA), 25 encyclopedia o f Cape bulbs. Timber Press, Oregon.
September 1945, Kirstenbosch Expedition NBG413/44 (NBG); SCHINZ, H. 1902. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Afrikanischen Flora.
Karoopoort. (-BA), 19 September 1938, MR. Lexyns 6236 (BOL); 10 Haeomodoraceae. Bulletin de l 'Herbier Boissier, sér. 2,2: 943,944.
miles N of Karoopoort, (-BA), 19 September 1954, H. Hall 949 (NBG). SCOTT, G. 1991. A revision of Cyanella (Tecophilaeaceae) excluding C.
amboensis. South African Journal o f Botany 57: 34-54.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SIMPSON, M.G. & RUDALL, PJ. 1998. Tecophilaeaceae. In K. Kubitzki,
The families and genera o f vascular plants. 429 436. Springer,
Dr Peter Bruyns very kindly provided the Latin diagnoses. Hamburg.