Flora of China 15: 1–38. 1996.

MYRSINACEAE
紫金牛科 zi jin niu ke
Chen Jie1; John J. Pipoly III2
Trees, shrubs, climbers [or rarely herbs]. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, without stipules, often glandular.
Inflorescences terminal, axillary, or at apices of lateral branches, racemose (often paniculate), corymbose, cymose, umbellate, or
fascicled on scaly spur branches in leaf axils. Flowers bisexual or polygamous, rarely unisexual and plants polygamodioecious or
dioecious, 4- or 5(or 6)-merous, actinomorphic. Sepals basally connate or free, persistent, usually glandular. Petals basally connate
or rarely free, usually glandular. Stamens as many as and opposite to petals, usually adnate to base or throat of corolla tube,
sometimes free, rarely united into a tube; anthers 2-celled, dorsifixed, dehiscing longitudinally or by apical slits or pores, rarely
transversely septate; filaments present or absent. Ovary superior, rarely inferior to half-inferior, 1-celled; placentation free-central,
sometimes basal; ovules 1 to several in 11 to many rows, usually embedded in placenta, anatropous or semicampylotropous. Style
1; stigma simple or lobed. Fruit drupes with fleshy exocarp or capsules. Seeds 1 to many; endosperm fleshy or horny; embryo x =
10–13, 23.
About 42 genera and more than 2,200 species: primarily in tropical and subtropical or warm temperate regions of both hemispheres; five
genera and 120 species (51 endemic) in China.

Chinese genera of economic value include Ardisia (medicine, oil, edible, wild vegetables), Maesa (edible, tea, dye), Aegiceras (tannin, fine
fuel), Embelia (vermifuge, edible), Myrsine (medicine, fine wood, tannin, fuel).

Chen Chieh. 1979. Myrsinaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 58: 1–147.

1a. Ovary and fruit semi-inferior to inferior; bracteoles 2; seeds numerous, angular ......................................................... 1. Maesa
1b. Ovary and fruit superior; bracteoles absent; seeds 1, globose or elongated and curved.
2a. Fruit an elongated curved capsule; anther cells transversely septate; usually mangrove plants ....................... 2. Aegiceras
2b. Fruit a globose drupe often with a fleshy exocarp; anthers not septate; mountains and broad-leaved forests.
3a. Inflorescences on a long peduncle or at tips of specialized lateral branches; corolla lobes contorted in
bud. Stigma usually apiculate ......................................................................................................................... 3. Ardisia
3b. Inflorescences often on scaly short branches or spurs; corolla lobes imbricate or valvate in bud.
Stigma often not apiculate.
4a. Inflorescences racemose or paniculate, terminal or axillary; climbing shrubs, rarely vines ................... 4. Embelia
4b. Inflorescences umbellate or fascicled, at axils of apical leaves; shrubs or small trees ............................ 5. Myrsine

1. MAESA Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 66. 1775.

杜茎山属 du jing shan shu
Shrubs or rarely small trees. Leaves entire, serrate, or dentate at margin, usually punctate. Inflorescences racemose, often
paniculate; bracts small; bracteoles 2, usually subtending base of calyx. Flowers 5-merous, bisexual or polygamous. Calyx fun-
nelform, adnate to ovary, lobes valvate. Corolla white or yellowish, campanulate, often punctate-lineate. Stamens free, included.
Ovary semi-inferior or inferior, aborted in staminate flowers; ovules numerous, on a globose free-central placenta. Style as long as
or longer than stamens; stigma entire or 3–5-lobed. Fruit globose or ovoid berries or drupes with a crustose endocarp, apex ±
covered by persistent calyx, often longitudinally orange punctate-lineate. Seeds small, numerous, angular, embedded in a hollow
placenta.
About 200 species: primarily in Old World tropics; 29 species in China.
1a. Branchlet apex hirsute, hirtellous, puberulent, pilose, velutinous, or brown scaly.
2a. Branchlets brown scaly.
3a. Leaf blade leathery, rugose, apex cuspidate-acuminate, acumen 4–6 mm; petiole thick, 2–3.5 cm ........... 1. M. rugosa
3b. Leaf blade papery, not rugose, apex caudate-acuminate, acumen 8–20 mm, petiole thin, 0.7–1.5 cm ....... 2. M. chisia
2b. Branchlets white pilose-tomentulose or brown velutinous tomentulose, hirsute, or hirtellous and reddish
glandular granulose.
4a. Branchlets white pilose-tomentulose or brown velutinous-tomentulose.
5a.Branchlets white pilose-tomentulose.
6a. Leaf blade leathery, secondary veins connected by submarginal vein ..................................... 3. M. cavinervis
6b. Leaf blade membranous, secondary veins free to margin, without submarginal vein ................ 4. M. montana
5b. Branchlets brown velutinous-tomentulose.
7a. Leaf blade linear-lanceolate; calyx lobes densely dull red punctate and punctate-
1
Herbarium, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, People’s Republic of China.
2
Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 509 Pecan Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76102-4060, U.S.A.
 lineate ................................................................................................................................. 5. M. macilentoides
7b. Leaf blade lanceolate to ovate; calyx lobes puberulent or inconspicuously pellucid.
8a. Inflorescences punctate 5–8 mm; leaf base obtuse ................................................... 6. M. brevipaniculata
8b. Inflorescences (10–)20–40 mm; leaf blade base truncate to cordate ................................... 7. M. macilenta
4b. Branchlets hirsute or stramineous hirtellous and reddish glandular granulose.
9a. Plants hirsute.
10a. Petiole 1.2–2.5 cm; pith hollow.
11a. Plants gray hirsute; branchlets terete; inflorescences racemose, ca. 6 cm; leaf blade
apex caudate-acuminate, margin serrate, teeth not callose ................................................ 8. M. insignis
11b. Plants reddish hirsute; branchlets angular; inflorescences glomerate or paniculate,
rarely to 4 cm; leaf blade apex cuspidate, margin serrate or dentate, teeth callose ........ 9. M. permollis
10b. Petiole 0.4–1(–1.2) cm; pith solid.
12a. Inflorescences racemose, 0.4–1 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate ........................................ 10. M. ambigua
12b. Inflorescences few-branched panicles, 3–7 cm; leaf blade lanceolate .............. 11. M. longilanceolata
9b. Plants hirtellous and glandular granulose.
13a. Petiole 0.4–1 cm; leaf blade base obtuse to rounded.
14a. Calyx lobes acuminate; pedicel 1.5–2 mm ..................................................................... 2. M. parvifolia
14b. Calyx lobes acute; pedicel 1.2–1.5 mm ........................................................................ 13. M. marionae
13b. Petiole 1–2(–3) cm; leaf blade base acute.
15a. Inflorescences racemose-spicate; pedicel obsolete to 0.8 mm; calyx conic .................. 14. M. argentea
15b. Inflorescences paniculate or rarely racemose; pedicel 1.8–2 mm; calyx discoid .......... 15. M. perlarius
1b. Branchlet apex glabrous or glandular granulose, early glabrescent.
16a. Branchlet apex glabrous.
17a. Leaf blade leathery, apex cuspidate; inflorescences glomerate, shorter than petiole ...................... 16. M. reticulata
17b. Leaf blade membranous or papery, apex caudate-acuminate; inflorescences paniculate,
longer than petiole.
18a. Leaf blade membranous, adaxially dull, abaxially and hypanthium densely black
punctate-lineate; inflorescence rachis and pedicels densely and minutely glandular
granulose .............................................................................................................................. 7. M. striatocarpa
18b. Leaf blade papery, adaxially glossy, abaxially and hypanthium inconspicuously
pellucid punctate; inflorescence rachis and pedicels glabrous and glossy ..................... 18. M. acuminatissima
16b. Branchlet apex glandular granulose, early glabrescent.
19a. Leaf blade margin undulate, subentire, or entire.
20a. Leaf blade membranous or papery; pedicel 1–2 mm.
21a. Branchlets terete, lenticellate; calyx lobes densely punctate-lineate; bracts and
bracteoles wider than long; inflorescence rachis and pedicels glabrous ................. 22. M. consanguinea
21b. Branchlets angular, without lenticels; calyx lobes punctate; bracts and
bracteoles longer than wide; inflorescence rachis and pedicels minutely
glandular granulose .................................................................................................... 23. M. ramentacea
20b. Leaf blade leathery or rarely papery; pedicel 2.5–4 mm.
22a. Leaves prominently black punctate-lineate; bracts subulate, bracteoles and calyx
lobes longer than wide, apery, apex acute .................................................................. 21. M. hupehensis
22b. Leaves inconspicuously pellucid punctate; bracts, bracteoles, and calyx lobes
much wider than long, leathery, apex obtuse to rounded.
23a. Leaf blade linear-lanceolate, bullate, margin revolute, entire; fruit reddish,
punctate-lineate, wrinkled ................................................................................... 19. M. salicifolia
23b. Leaf blade lanceolate, oblong, or rarely ovate, smooth, flat, margin subentire
to serrate distally; fruit yellowish, smooth ............................................................ 20. M. japonica
19b. Leaf blade margin serrate or serrate-dentate.
24a. Petiole 2–4 cm.
25a. Inflorescences densely and minutely glandular granulose; pedicel 2–2.5 mm at
maturity; branchlets sparingly lenticellate; leaves membranous, adaxially dull ............... 24. M. confusa
25b. Inflorescences glabrous; pedicel 0.8–1.5(–2) mm at maturity; branchlets without
lenticels; leaves thin leathery, adaxially glossy ...................................................... 25. M. membranacea
24b. Petiole 1–1.8 cm.
26a. Calyx lobe and bracteoles obtuse to rounded apically; inflorescence rachis and
pedicels densely and minutely glandular granulose ........................................................... 26. M. indica
26b. Calyx lobe and bracteoles acute apically; inflorescence rachis and pedicels glabrous.
 27a. Leaf blade membranous, elliptic to ovate, margin serrate, teeth not callose;
inflorescences 7–10 cm, racemose ............................................................................ 27. M. tenera
27b. Leaf blade papery, oblong to oblanceolate, margin serrate-dentate, teeth ........................... callose;
inflorescences 1.5–4 cm, paniculate.
28a. Branchlets with hollow pith; leaf base subrounded or obtuse; bracteole
and calyx lobe margins glandular ciliate; fruit ovoid ............................ 28. M. manipurensis
28. Branchlets with solid pith; leaf base cuneate; bracteole and calyx
lobe margins glabrous; fruit globose ........................................................ 29. M. densistriata

1. Maesa rugosa C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: lobes ovate-triangular, glabrous, punctate at tip,
508. 1882. ciliate.
皱叶杜茎山 zhou ye du jing shan Sparse broad-leaved forests, shrubby areas, sunny hillsides; ca.
600–2200 m. SE Xizang, W Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].
Maesa indica (Roxburgh) A. de Candolle var.
retusa Handel-Mazzetti. 3. Maesa cavinervis C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(3): 79.
1978.
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets and leaves densely brown
scaly, glabrescent. Branchlets subterete, 2–3 mm in 凹脉杜茎山 ao mai du jing shan
diam.; pith solid. Petiole canaliculate, 2–3.5 cm;
Shrubs 3–4 m tall. Branchlets terete, white pilose-tomen-
leaf blade broadly obovate, 6–16 ! 5–12.5 cm, leathery,
tulose, glabrescent, striate; pith solid. Petiole canaliculate,
rugose, base broadly obtuse to acute, margin serrulate,
5–10 mm, minutely punctate; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate or
apex cuspidate-acuminate, acumen 4–6 mm; lateral veins
lanceolate, 10–18 × 1.7–4 cm, leathery, glabrous, base cuneate
8–12 on each side of midrib, ending in subapiculate teeth,
or obtuse, densely and minutely punctate, margin serrulate,
submarginal vein absent. Inflorescences axillary, paniculate,
apex caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 9–15 on each side of
3–4 cm, glabrous or puberulent; bracteoles triangular ovate,
midrib, connected by submarginal vein 1–2 mm from margin.
acute. Flowers creamy yellow, 2–3 mm. Pedicel ca. 1 mm.
Inflorescences axillary, 1- or 2-branched at base, racemose or
Calyx lobes broadly ovate, ca. 0.7 mm, orange punctate-lineate,
paniculate, 2–3 cm, puberulent; bracteoles ovate. Corolla ca. 2
margin entire and ciliate, apex acute or obtuse. Corolla
mm; lobes elliptic-oblong, longer than tube,
campanulate; lobes as long as tube, ovate or suborbicular,
glabrous, orange punctate-lineate, margin crenulate, apex
subentire, obtuse or rounded at apex, orange punctate-lineate.
subobtuse. Stamens inserted on tube, somewhat exserted. Fruit
Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube; filaments very
ovoid, ca. 5mm in diam., prominently orange punctate-lineate;
short; anthers ovoid. Pistil included. Style cylindric;
persistent calyx lobes broadly triangular, auriculate at base,
stigma lobed. Fruit ovoid, ca. 3 mm in diam., somewhat
ciliate, orange punctate-lineate, closed at fruit apex. Fr.
succulent, pellucid punctate-lineate, slightly longer than
Aug–Sep.
persistent calyx lobes. Fl. Jul, fr. Oct.
* Broad-leaved forests, hillsides; 1700–2100 m. Xizang
Mixed forests, scrubs, stream banks, shady places; 2000–2800 m.
(Motuo).
SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [India].
Leaf apex in var. retusa was said to be obtuse, truncate, or
4. Maesa montana A. de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 79. 1844.
slightly retuse, and the taxon probably merits recognition. 金珠柳 jin zhu liu
2. Maesa chisia Buchanon-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Maesa argentea (Wallich) A. de Candolle var. kwang-
Nepal. 148. 1825. siensis Handel-Mazzetti, M. castaneifolia Mez; M. formosana
密腺杜茎山 mi xian du jing shan Mez; M. henryi H. H. Hu; M. martinii H. Léveillé.

Maesa prodigiosa C. Chen. Shrubs or trees 2–3(–10) m tall. Branchlets terete, white
pilose-tomentulose, glabrescent; pith solid.
Shrubs 1–2(–6) m tall. Branchlets angular, sparsely brown Petiole deeply canaliculate, 1–1.5(–1.8) cm; leaf blade
scaly, glabrescent, lenticellate; pith solid. Petiole slightly ca- elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, rarely broadly ovate,
naliculate, 0.7–1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong, elliptic-lanceolate, to 7–14(–23) ! 3–7(–9) cm, membranous, base cuneate or
oblanceolate, 8.5–14 ! 2.5–5.5 cm, papery, glabrous, base obtuse, margin coarsely dentate or undulate with punctate teeth,
cuneate, margin serrate, densely and minutely orange punc- apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 8–12 on each side of
tate-lineate, apex caudate-acuminate, acumen 0.8–2 cm; midrib midrib, ending in teeth, glabrescent or hispidulous,
and lateral veins prominently raised abaxially, submarginal vein absent. Inflorescences axillary, racemose
lateral veins ca. 10 on each side of midrib, ending in teeth, or paniculate, 2–7(–10) cm, hirsute; bracteoles minute,
submarginal vein absent. Inflorescences axillary on lanceolate or ovate. Flowers ca. 2 mm. Pedicel 1–2(–3) mm.
biennial branches, paniculate, 1.5–4 cm in fruit, many Calyx lobes ovate or oblong, glabrous or sometimes
branched, glabrous; bracts lanceolate, ca. 0.5 mm; ciliate, entire, apex obtuse. Corolla white, cam-
bracteoles ovate, glabrous. Flowers unknown. Pedicel panulate; lobes ovate, as long as or longer than tube, orange
1–2 mm in fruit, glabrous. Fruit globose, 3–4 mm in punctate-lineate, margin entire or crenulate, apex obtuse or
diam., somewhat fleshy, glabrous, not punctate; persistent calyx
rounded. Stamens inserted at corolla throat, included; anthers * Evergreen broad-leaved forests, damp places, hillsides, stream
orbicular or reniform. Pistil included. Style persistent; stigma banks; 1300–1800 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.
minutely lobed. Fruit white, globose or ovoid, 3–4 mm in 7. Maesa macilenta E. Walker, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 479.
diam., orange punctate-lineate; persistent calyx lobes covering 1931.
2/3–3/4 of fruit. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Oct–Dec.
细梗杜茎山 xi gen du jing shan
Mixed forests, hillsides; 400–2800 m. Fujian,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets angular, brown
Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Thailand]. velutinous-tomentulose; pith solid. Petiole 5(–10) mm; leaf
5. Maesa macilentoides C. Chen, Fl. Yunnan. 1: 817. 1977. blade ovate to lanceolate, 9–15(–20) × 3.5–5 cm, base truncate
to cordate, margin entire to coarsely dentate, apex long
薄叶杜茎山 bao ye du jing shan acuminate or sometimes falcate; lateral veins 7 or 8 on each
Shrubs 2–3 m tall. Branchlets angular, brown side of midrib, obscurely punctate-lineate.
velutinous-tomentulose; pith solid. Petiole canaliculate, Inflorescences axillary, paniculate, (1–)2–4 cm,
3–5 mm; leaf blade linear-lanceolate, 9–15 × 1.8–3 cm, papery, glabrous or minutely puberulent; bracts subulate; bracteoles
glabrous, prominently thinly black triangular-ovate to oblong. Flowers ca. 2 mm. Pedicel 1–2 mm,
punctate-lineate, base rounded, margin subentire to glabrous. Calyx lobes ovate, inconspicuously punctate-lineate,
sparsely serrulate, apex acuminate or subcaudate-acuminate; entire, sometimes minutely ciliate, apex obtuse. Corolla
lateral veins 10–12 on each side of midrib, ending in teeth, tubular-campanulate; tube ca. 2 × as long as calyx lobes; lobes
submarginal vein absent. Inflorescences axillary, ca. 1/3 tube length, inconspicuously punctate-lineate,
paniculate, 0.7–2 cm, 2- or 3-branched, puberulent; apex rounded. Stamens of staminate flowers unknown,
bracteoles ovate. Flowers white, ca. 2 mm. Pedicel 0.5–1 mm. those of pistillate flowers minute, included; anthers ovate.
Calyx puberulent, to 1 mm; calyx lobes broadly ovate, red Pistil included. Style slender, less than 1 mm; stigma obscurely
punctate-lineate, margin minutely ciliate, apex obtuse. lobed. Fruit globose, ca. 4 mm in diam., longitudinal ribs
Corolla tubular-campanulate; lobes broadly ovate or obscure; persistent calyx lobes meeting conical style base,
subreniform, shorter than tube, red punctate-lineate, margin exposed part ca. 1/3 fruit length. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. May–Jan.
crenulate, apex rounded. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla * Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 300–600 m. S Yunnan.
tube; anthers ovate, as long as filaments. Pistil included. Style
8. Maesa insignis Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 81. 1934.
glandular; stigma apiculate. Fruit globose, ca. 4 mm in diam.,
fleshy, slightly longitudinally ribbed; persistent calyx 毛穗杜茎山 mao sui du jing shan
lobes reaching conical style base, exposed part ca. 1/3 Maesa hirsuta E. Walker.
fruit length. Fl. and fr. Feb.
Shrubs 1.2–3(–4) m tall, gray-hirsute. Branchlets terete;
* Broad-leaved forests, valleys, hilly areas, shady places;
pith hollow. Petiole subterete, 1.2–1.9 cm; leaf blade elliptic or
800–1300 m. S Yunnan.
ovate, 12–16(–19) × 4–6(–7) cm, base rounded or obtuse,
6. Maesa brevipaniculata (C. Y. Wu & C. Chen) Pipoly & C. margin coarsely serrate, teeth sharp but not callose, apex cau-
Chen, Novon 5: 357. 1995. date-acuminate; lateral veins ca. 10 on each side of midrib,
submarginal vein absent. Inflorescences axillary,
短序杜茎山 duan xu du jing shan
racemose, ca. 6 cm, hirsute throughout; bracts lanceolate or
Maesa parvifolia A. de Candolle var. brevipaniculata C. subulate, ca. 1 mm; bracteoles lanceolate to narrowly so.
Y. Wu & C. Chen, Fl. Yunnan. 1: 324. 1977. Flowers yellowish, 2–3 mm. Calyx lobes ovate or
Shrubs 0.5–3 m tall. Branchlets angular, subdeltate, ca. 1 mm, punctate-lineate, margin entire,
velutinous brown pilosulose-tomentose, barely ciliate, apex acute. Corolla campanulate; lobes broadly ovate
flexuous; pith solid. Petiole canaliculate, 3–8 mm, or suborbicular, ca. as long as or shorter than tube,
pilosulose; leaf blade lanceolate or narrowly ovate, punctate-lineate, glabrous. Stamens included, inserted above
7–10(–13) ! 1.5–2.3(–4.5) cm, glabrous to puberulent, middle of corolla tube; anthers ovate or broadly so, as long as
base obtuse, margin undulate to very sparsely serrulate, apex filaments, not glandular. Style ± glandular, persistent; stigma
caudate-acuminate; lateral veins ca. 8 on each side of midrib, lobed. Fruit white, globose, ca. 5 mm in diam., somewhat
ending in minute punctate teeth, submarginal vein absent. fleshy, hirsute, glandular, rarely with obscure longitudinal ribs;
Inflorescences axillary, paniculate, puberulent, 5–8 persistent calyx lobes closed at fruit apex. Fl. Jan–Feb, fr. Nov.
mm; bracteoles minute, lanceolate, hirsute. Flowers white, * Sparse mixed forests, hills. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou.
fragrant, ca. 1.5 mm. Pedicel ca. 1.5 mm, puberulent. Calyx 9. Maesa permollis Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 11: 66.
lobes broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, puberulent, ciliate, 1871.
inconspicuously pellucid punctate-lineate. Corolla
campanulate, ca. 3 × length of calyx lobes; lobes broadly ovate, 毛杜茎山 mao du jing shan
subequal tube, crenulate, rounded. Stamens shorter than corolla Shrubs 1–3(–6) m tall, reddish hirsute. Branchlets angular;
lobes; anthers broadly ovate or reniform, as long as filaments pith hollow. Petiole 2–3(–5) cm; leaf blade elliptic to broadly
in staminate flowers. Pistil included. Style short, thick; stigma oblong-obovate, (12–)20–31 × (6–)12–29 cm, densely pilose
flattened, somewhat lobed. Fruit unknown. Fl. Apr–Jan. or hirsute abaxially especially along veins, base
broadly truncate to subcordate, margin serrate or ovate, 0.6–0.8 mm, acuminate, minutely hirsute, margin
dentate, teeth callose, apex cuspidate; lateral veins ca. 10 on ciliate. Flowers white, ca. 2 mm. Pedicel 1.2–1.5 mm,
each side of midrib, ending in teeth, submarginal vein absent. hirsute. Sepals broadly ovate, glabrous, margin entire, ciliate,
Inflorescences axillary, glomerate or paniculate, prominently orange punctate-lineate, apex acute. Corolla
rarely to 4 cm, densely hirsute; bracteoles ovate. Flowers campanulate; tube 1.2–1.5 mm; lobes suborbicular,
white or yellowish, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel rarely to 1 mm. Calyx margin erose, ciliate, subequalling tube, orange
lobes ovate, densely hirsute or pilose, margin narrowly punctate-lineate, apex rounded. Stamens and pistil unknown.
scarious, ciliate, apex acute. Corolla tubular-campanulate, Fruit globose or ovoid, 3–4 mm in diam., glabrous, longitu-
glabrous; tube 1.5–2 mm; lobes ca. 0.7 mm, ovate or dinally ribbed; persistent sepals meeting at conical style base.
subrounded, spreading. Stamens included, attached at Fl. Apr, fr. Oct–Nov.
middle of corolla tube; anthers broadly elliptic, ca. as long as * Broad-leaved forests, hillsides, valleys, river
filaments. Pistil included. Style short; stigma obscurely banks; 1300–1800 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan.
lobed. Fruit ovoid, 4–5 mm in diam., densely brown hirsute,
apex acute or apiculate; persistent calyx lobes meeting at fruit 12. Maesa parvifolia Aug. de Candolle, Repert. Spec. Nov.
apex. Fl. Mar, fr. Nov–Dec. Regni. Veg. 8: 353. 1910.

Mixed forests, hillsides, valleys, stream banks, damp 小叶杜茎山 xiao ye du jing shan
places; 500–1600 m. SW and S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand]. Shrubs or climbers 0.5–3 m tall, decumbent.
10. Maesa ambigua C. Y. Wu & C. Chen in C. Chen, Fl. Branchlets angular, hirtellous and glandular granulose,
Yunnan. 1: 331. 1977. glabrescent, flexuous; pith solid. Petiole canaliculate, 4–6 mm,
puberulent; leaf blade elliptic or ovate, 2.5–6(–10) !
坚髓杜茎山 jian sui du jing shan 1–1.8(–4) cm, papery, base obtuse to rounded, apex acuminate
Shrubs 1–4 m tall, reddish hirsute. Branchlets or rarely acute, glabrous to puberulent, base cuneate or
angular, longitudinally ridged; pith solid. Petiole canaliculate, obtuse to rounded, margin undulate to sparsely serrulate,
4(–10) mm; leaf blade elliptic to broadly obovate, 12–22 × apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate, rarely acute; lateral
6–22 cm, papery, punctate, base broadly rounded to truncate or veins ca. 8 on each side of midrib, ending in punctate teeth,
subcordate, sometimes asymmetric, margin coarsely submarginal vein absent. Inflorescences axillary,
serrate or serrate-dentate, apex long acuminate or paniculate, 3–7 cm, puberulent; bracteoles minute,
caudate-acuminate, acumen 1–1.8 cm; lateral veins ca. 10 on lanceolate, hirsute. Flowers white, fragrant, ca. 1.5
each side of midrib, flat adaxially, hirsute, ending in mm. Pedicel 1.5–2 mm, puberulent. Calyx lobes broadly ovate,
noncallose teeth, submarginal vein absent. Inflorescences puberulent, orange punctate-lineate, margin entire,
axillary, short racemose, 4–10 mm, hirsute throughout; bracts ciliate, apex acuminate. Corolla campanulate, ca. 3 !
subulate, ca. 1 mm; bracteoles narrowly ovate, inserted up to length of calyx lobes; lobes broadly ovate,
middle of pedicel. Flowers ca. 2 mm. Pedicel 0.5–1 mm. subequalling tube, crenulate, rounded. Stamens shorter
Calyx lobes triangular-ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, as long as tube than corolla lobes; anthers broadly ovate or reniform, ca. as
or longer, punctate-lineate. Corolla campanulate, ca. 2 mm; long as filaments in staminate flowers. Pistil included. Style
lobes 1/3–1/2 length of tube, subrounded, punctate-lineate. short, thick; stigma flattened, somewhat lobed. Fruit unknown.
Stamens included, inserted at distal part of corolla tube; anthers Fl. Feb–Apr.
broadly ovate, shorter than filaments. Pistil included. Style Mixed forests, shrubby areas, sunny hillsides;
persistent; stigma lobed. Fruit globose, ca. 2 mm in diam., 400–1700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, SE Yunnan [N Vietnam].
hirsute; persistent calyx lobes meeting at fruit apex. Fl. Mar, fr.
13. Maesa marioniae Merrill, Brittonia 4: 160. 1941.
Jul–Oct.
毛脉杜茎山 mao mai du jing shan
Dense evergreen broad-leaved forests, valleys, damp
places; 900–1500 m. SE Yunnan [Vietnam]. Shrubs 1.5–2(–5) m tall. Branchlets angular,
reddish hirtellous and glandular granulose, glabrescent;
11. Maesa longilanceolata C. Chen, Novon 4: 323. 1994. pith solid. Petiole canaliculate, 7–10 mm,
长叶杜茎山 chang ye du jing shan hirtellous, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, or
lanceolate, 6–14 × 2.5–4.8 cm, base broadly obtuse to rounded,
Shrubs 2(–5) m, reddish hirsute. Branchlets margin dentate distally and entire toward base, apex acuminate
angular, longitudinally ridged; pith solid. Petiole canaliculate, to caudate-acuminate or rarely acute; lateral veins 7 or 8 on
7–12 mm; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate, 6–14 × each side of midrib, hirtellous or subglabrous,
2.5–4.8 cm, papery, densely hirsute along primary and punctate-lineate, ending in glandular teeth,
secondary veins, strigose along others, base broadly obtuse or submarginal vein absent. Inflorescences axillary, paniculate,
subrounded, margin irregularly dentate distally, teeth callose 3–5 cm, hirtellous; bracteoles oblong-ovate or ovate, 0.6–0.8
and punctate, entire toward base, apex caudate-acuminate; mm, puberulent, ciliate. Flowers white, ca. 2 mm.
lateral veins 7 or 8 on each side of midrib, ending in teeth, Pedicel 1.2–1.5 mm, puberulent. Calyx lobes broadly ovate,
punctate-lineate, submarginal vein absent. Inflorescences punctate-lineate, glabrous, margin entire, ciliolate,
axillary, paniculate, (3–)5–7 cm, hirsute; bracteoles oblong or apex acute. Corolla campanulate, ca. 1.2 mm; lobes broadly
ovate or subrounded, erose, subequalling tube. Filaments long as calyx lobes, punctate-lineate, glabrous; lobes broadly
ca. 1 mm, longer than anthers; anthers elliptic. Pistil ovate, as long as tube, irregularly crenulate. Stamens inserted
included. Style very short, persistent. Fruit globose or ovoid, at distal half of corolla tube; anthers broadly oblong or
3–4 mm in diam., glabrous, somewhat fleshy, ribbed; reniform, not glandular, shorter than filaments. Pistil
persistent calyx lobes meeting at about style base, exposed part included. Style thick, cylindric; stigma 4-lobed. Fruit
ca. 1/3 fruit length. globose, ca. 3 mm in diam., punctate-lineate, glabrous, 1/4–1/3
Broad-leaved forests, hillsides, valleys, river banks; exposed; persistent calyx lobes rarely meet at fruit apex. Fl.
1300–1800 m. Xizang, NW Yunnan [Myanmar]. Mar–Apr, fr. Dec–May.
Sparse broad-leaved forests, shrubby areas, hillsides, damp
14. Maesa argentea (Wallich) A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. places; 200–1400 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan,
Nat., Bot., ser. 2, 16: 96. 1841. Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Thailand, Vietnam].
银叶杜茎山 yin ye du jing shan 16. Maesa reticulata C. Y. Wu in C. Chen, Fl. Yunnan. 1: 330.
Baeobotrys argentea Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 233. 1977.
1824. 网脉杜茎山 wang mai du jing shan
Shrubs or rarely small trees to 5 m tall. Trees glabrous. Branchlets thick, wrinkled,
Branchlets densely hirtellous and glandular granulose; pith obtusely angular; pith solid. Petiole subterete to terete,
solid. Petiole canaliculate, 1.8–2(–3) cm, sparsely pilose; leaf (1.5–)2–3 cm; leaf blade broadly obovate or elliptic, 15–24 ×
blade ovate or broadly elliptic, 12–17(–22) × 5–9(–11) cm, 7–14 cm, leathery, glabrous, base rounded or broadly obtuse,
sparsely hirtellous and glandular granulose abaxially, margin crenulate with sharp teeth, apex cuspidate;
glabrescent adaxially except granulose veins, reticulate veins prominently raised on both surfaces, densely
punctate-lineate, base acute, margin serrate-dentate, and minutely pustulate, scabrous especially adaxially;
apex acuminate; lateral veins ca. 8 on each side of midrib, lateral veins ca. 10 on each side of midrib, running
ending in teeth, submarginal vein absent. Inflorescences into marginal vein. Inflorescences axillary,
axillary, racemose-spicate, 1–4(–5) cm, axis pilose; bracteoles contorted racemes appearing glomerate, shorter than petiole.
ovate, sparsely pilose. Flowers white, (2–)3 mm. Pedicel Flowers unknown. Pedicel ca. 2.5 cm in fruit. Fruit ovoid, ca. 5
subobsolete to 0.8 mm, hirtellous. Calyx conical; lobes ovate, mm in diam., punctate-lineate, pustulate; persistent
glabrous, punctate-lineate, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse. calyx lobes triangular, meeting at fruit apex. Fr. Jun.
Corolla tubular-campanulate, ca. 3 mm; tube ca. 2 mm; lobes
Broad-leaved forests, valleys; 200–400 m. S Yunnan [Vietnam].
ca. 1 mm, punctate-lineate, margin ± erose-denticulate near
base; apex broadly obtuse. Stamens included, inserted at 17. Maesa striatocarpa C. Chen, Novon 4: 322. 1994.
middle of corolla tube; anthers ovate, shorter than filaments. 纹果杜茎山 wen guo du jing shan
Pistil included. Style cylindric; stigma 3- or 4-lobed.
Fruit globose to broadly ovoid, 3–4(–5) mm in diam., Shrub to 5 m tall. Branchlets angular, 2–2.5 mm in
fleshy, punctate-lineate, glabrous; persistent calyx lobes diam., apices glabrous; pith solid. Leaf blade abaxially, calyx,
meeting at fruit apex. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Sep–Oct. corolla lobes, pistil, and fruit densely black punctate-lineate.
Petiole canaliculate, 1–2 cm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate,
Broad-leaved forests, hilly areas, valleys, stream banks, damp
8–14.5 × 3.3–6 cm, membranous, dull adaxially, glabrous, base
places; 1500–2900 m. Sichuan, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Nepal].
cuneate, rounded, obtuse or sometimes subtruncate, margin
15. Maesa perlarius (Loureiro) Merrill, Trans. Amer. Philos. subrevolute, sparsely serrate-dentate with callose teeth, apex
Soc., n. ser. 24: 298. 1935. caudate-acuminate, acumen 1–2 cm; lateral veins 7–10 on each
side of midrib, ending in teeth. Inflorescences axillary or
鲫鱼胆 ji yu dan
sometimes terminal, paniculate, 5–12 cm; bracteoles ovate,
Dartus perlarius Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 124. 1790; entire, black punctate-lineate. Flowers white, ca. 2 mm. Pedi-
Maesa sinensis A. de Candolle; M. tonkinensis Mez. cel 1.3–1.5 mm. Calyx lobes ovate, persistent, glabrous, mar-
gin entire, ciliate; apex acute. Corolla short campanulate, lobes
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets hirtellous and equaling or longer than tube, broadly ovate to subreniform,
glandular granulose, sometimes glabrous; pith solid. Petiole margin minutely denticulate or crenulate, apex rounded. Sta-
canaliculate, ca. 10 mm; leaf blade elliptic to broadly mens inserted at middle of corolla tube, included; anthers
ovate, 7–11 (–12) × 3–5(–6) cm, densely hirtellous when broadly ovate or reniform, ca. as long as filaments. Pistil in-
young, base acute, margin coarsely serrate distally and entire cluded. Style short, persistent, stigma subcapitate, slightly
toward base, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 7–9 on each lobed. Fruit yellowish, globose, 2–3 mm in diam. Fl. Jan–May,
side of midrib, ending in teeth, submarginal vein fr. Aug–Nov.
absent. Inflorescences axillary, paniculate or rarely
* Dense broad-leaved forests, damp seepage areas on hillsides,
racemose, 2–4 cm, hirtellous and glandular granulose; bracts
1300–1800 m. Yunnan.
lanceolate or subulate, less than 2 mm; bracteoles lanceolate or
subovate. Flowers ca. 2 mm. Pedicel 1.8–2 mm. Calyx discoid; 18. Maesa acuminatissima Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 257.
lobes broadly ovate, punctate-lineate, hirsute or glabrous, 1923.
margin entire, ciliate, apex obtuse or acute. Corolla ca. 2 × as
米珍果 mi zhen guo
 M. striata Mez var. opaca Pitard. L関eill! ; M. japonica f. gracilis (Bentham) Nakai;
M. labordei H. L関eill! ; M. randaiensis Hayata; M.
Shrubs 1–2(–4) m tall. Branchlets terete,
taiheizanensis Sasaki; Myrsine esquirolii H. L 関
slender, glabrous; pith hollow. Petiole
eill! ; Pieris oligodonta H. L関eill! .
canaliculate, 6–10 mm; leaf blade lanceolate or broadly so,
9–17 × 2–5 cm, papery, glabrous, inconspicuously pellucid Shrubs erect, sometimes decumbent or scandent, 1–3(–5)
punctate, glossy adaxially, dull abaxially, base obtuse or m tall. Branchlets terete, apex glandular granulose, early gla-
subrounded, margin entire to obscurely undulate, apex brescent; pith solid. Petiole canaliculate, 5–13 mm; leaf blade
acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 4–6 on each side elliptic, lanceolate, to obovate, 5–16 × 2–5 cm, leathery, in-
of midrib, curved ascending. Inflorescences terminal or conspicuously pellucid punctate, base cuneate or obtuse to
subterminal, paniculate, pyramidal, 5–8 cm; lower branches rounded, smooth adaxially, margin entire toward base and
glabrous, glossy, up to 4 cm; bracteoles minute, lanceolate, subentire to serrate distally with mucronate teeth,
near or at apex of pedicel. Flowers ca. 3 mm. Pedicel slender, apex acuminate to acute or obtuse; lateral veins 5–8 on each
4–5 mm. Calyx lobes ovate, obtuse or acute, ca. 0.5 mm. side of midrib. Inflorescences axillary, racemose or paniculate,
Corolla lobes ovate, ca. as long as tube, irregularly crenulate at 1–3(–4) cm, glabrous; bracteoles broadly ovate or reniform, to
apex. Stamens reduced in pistillate flowers. Pistil included. 1 mm, dark punctate-lineate, ciliate, encircling
Stigma scarcely lobed. Fruit globose or subovoid, ca. 3 mm in pedicel. Flowers white, 3.5–5 mm. Pedicel 2.5–3.5 mm,
diam., enclosed by persistent calyx lobes or apex exposed, base glandular granulose, glabrescent. Calyx ca. 2 mm; lobes ca.
± conical. Fl. Jan–Feb, fr. Nov–Dec. 1 mm, ovate to orbicular, punctate-lineate, margin entire,
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, mountain slopes, stream banks, ciliate, apex obtuse or rounded. Corolla white,
damp places; 100–600 m. Guangxi, Hainan, SE Yunnan [Vietnam]. tubular-campanulate; tube 3–4 mm, prominently
punctate-lineate; lobes reniform or ovate, ca. 1 mm, apex
19. Maesa salicifolia E. Walker, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 480.
rounded or obtuse. Stamens included; anthers ovate, as
1931.
long as filaments, glandular on back. Pistil included. Style
柳叶杜茎山 liu ye du jing shan slender, persistent, conical at base in fruit; stigma lobed. Fruit
globose or ovoid, 4–5(–6) mm in diam., fleshy, punctate-lineate.
Shrubs ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets terete, glandular granulose,
Fl. Jan–Mar, fr. Oct–May.
early glabrescent, longitudinally striate; pith solid.
Petiole deeply canaliculate, 5–12 mm, rugose; leaf blade Mixed forests, hillsides, limestone mountains;
narrowly linear-lanceolate, 10–20 × 1.5–2 cm, leathery, rugose, 300–2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei,
Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, N
subbullate, inconspicuously pellucid punctate, base obtuse,
Vietnam].
margin entire, revolute, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins
5–7 on each side of midrib. Inflorescences axillary, 21. Maesa hupehensis Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 583.
racemose or paniculate, 1.5–2 cm; bracteoles broadly 1916.
ovate, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers white or yellowish, 湖北杜茎山 hu bei du jing shan
3–4 mm. Pedicel 2.5–3.5 mm, glandular granulose, early
glabrescent. Calyx lobes ovate to subrobicular, ca. 1 Maesa japonica (Thunberg) Moritzi & Zollinger var.
mm, punctate, margin sparsely ciliate, apex obtuse or elongata Mez; M. wilsonii Rehder.
rounded. Corolla tubular or tubular-campanulate; tube 3–4 mm, Shrubs 1–2(–4) m tall, glandular granulose, early gla-
punctate-lineate; lobes broadly ovate, margin brescent; pith hollow. Petiole canaliculate, 5–10 mm,
crenulate, apex rounded. Stamens of staminate flowers in- glabrous; leaf blade lanceolate or oblong, rarely ovate,
cluded, attached at or above middle of corolla tube, reduced in 10–15(–21) × 2–4(–4.5) cm, papery, prominently black
pistillate flowers; anthers oblong-ovate, ca. as long as fila- punctate-lineate, base rounded or sometimes obtuse or broadly
ments. Pistil included. Style persistent; stigma dilated or 3- or cuneate, margin entire or sinuate-dentate to rarely shallowly
4-lobed. Fruit reddish, globose or subovoid, ca. 4 mm in diam., serrate, apex acuminate or rarely acute; lateral veins 8–10 on
punctate-lineate, wrinkled; persistent calyx lobes each side of midrib, not united into marginal vein.
nearly meeting style. Fl. Jan–Feb, fr. Sep–Nov. Inflorescences axillary, 4–8(–10) cm, racemose; bracts
* Sparse mixed forest, limestone mountains, damp places; subulate; bracteoles minute, ovate, orange
100–600 m. Guangdong. punctate-lineate. Flowers white, 3–4 mm. Pedicel
3–4 mm. Calyx lobes broadly ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous,
20. Maesa japonica (Thunberg) Moritzi & Zollinger, Syst. margin entire, apex acute, densely orange
Verz. Ind. Archip. 3: 61. 1855. punctate-lineate. Corolla 3–4 mm, densely orange
杜茎山 du jing shan punctate-lineate; lobes broadly ovate, subrounded, as
long as tube. Stamens included; anthers ovate. Pistil included.
Doraena japonica Thunberg, Nov. Gen. Pl. 3: 59. 1783; Style conical, persistent, as long as ovary; stigma slightly
Baeobotrys japonica (Thunberg) Zippelius ex Scheffer; 4-lobed. Fruit white or yellowish, globose or subovoid, ca. 5
Maesa cavaleriei H. Léveillé; M. coriacea Champion; M. mm in diam., orange punctate-lineate; persistent calyx lobes
coriacea var. gracilis Bentham; M. doraena Blume ex closed at fruit apex. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Oct–Dec.
Siebold & Zuccarini; M. dunniana H. Léveillé; M. esquirolii H.
 * Forests, stream banks, damp places; 500–1700 m. Shrubs 2–4 m tall. Branchlets angular, apex glandular
Hubei, Sichuan. granulose, early glabrescent, sparsely lenticellate; pith solid.
22. Maesa consanguinea Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 23: Petiole canaliculate, winged from decurrent leaf base, (2.8–)
258. 1923. 3–4 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate, (10–)15–27 ×
(7–)8–10(–12) cm, membranous, glabrous, dull adaxially,
拟杜茎山 ni du jing shan
densely black punctate-lineate abaxially in numerous parallel
Shrubs 1–1.5(–3) m tall. Branchlets terete, apex glandular lines, base obtuse to broadly rounded, margin serrate with
granulose, early glabrescent, lenticellate; pith solid. Petiole denticulate callose teeth, apex caudate or acuminate; lateral
canaliculate, 1–2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to oblong-ovate, veins 6–12 on each side of midrib, marginal vein absent.
7–12(–18.5) × 5–6(–8) cm, papery, glabrous, black Inflorescences axillary, pyramidal paniculate or sometimes
punctate-lineate abaxially, base subcuneate or obtuse, margin racemose, (1–)4–10 cm, densely and minutely glandular gran-
slightly undulate or remotely denticulate, apex acuminate or ulose; bracteoles ovate, acute at apex. Flowers white, 2–2.2
subcordate-acuminate; lateral veins 5–7 on each side of midrib, mm. Pedicel 2–2.5 mm. Sepals united ca. 1/3 length, ovate,
marginal vein absent. Inflorescences axillary, pyramidal glabrous, margin entire, ciliate, apex broadly acute. Corolla
paniculate or sometimes racemose, (1–)4–10 cm, glabrous; 1–1.4 mm, lobes longer than tube, suborbicular, margin entire,
bracteoles ovate, acute at apex. Flowers unknown. Fruit glabrous, apex obtuse. Fruit dark brown, globose, to 3 mm in
dark brown, globose, to 3 mm in diam., on pedicel ca. 2 mm, diam., black punctate-lineate; persistent calyx lobes thin mar-
black punctate-lineate; persistent calyx lobes thin margined, gined, red punctate-lineate, not reaching persistent style.
red punctate-lineate, not reaching persistent style. Fl. Feb-Mar,
* Along streams in montane mixed forests, 700–1200 m. Hainan.
fr. Jul-Sep.
* Sparse mixed forests, stream banks, hillsides; 500–1300 m. 25. Maesa membranacea A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot.,
Hainan. ser. 2, 16: 80. 1841.
23. Maesa ramentacea (Roxburgh) A. de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 腺叶杜茎山 xian ye du jing shan
77. 1844.
Maesa subrotunda C. Y. Wu & C. Chen.
称杆树 cheng gan shu
Shrubs 2–5 m tall, glandular granulose, early glabrescent.
Baeobotrys ramentacea Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 231. 1824. Branchlets terete, flexuous, not lenticellate; pith solid. Petiole
Shrubs or rarely trees, 1.5–3(–5) m tall. Branchlets subterete or barely canaliculate, 2.5–3(–4) cm; leaf blade
angular, glabrous, minutely lenticellate; pith solid. Petiole ca. 1 broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, 10–17(–24) × 5–11.5 cm, thin
cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 8–16 × 2.5–5.5 cm, leathery, adaxially glossy, finely orange punctate-lineate,
papery, glabrous, base rounded, obtuse, to broadly cuneate, base broadly obtuse, rounded, to truncate, margin
margin entire or undulate, apex acute or long acuminate; lateral serrate-denticulate or with small, punctate teeth,
veins 5–8 on each side of midrib, not united into marginal vein. apex caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 6–9(or 10) on each side
Inflorescences axillary or sometimes subterminal, paniculate, of midrib, ending in teeth, submarginal vein absent.
many branched, 4–10 cm, minutely glandular granulose; bracts Inflorescences axillary and terminal, paniculate, (2–)7 cm, 4-
subulate or ovate; bracteoles broadly ovate or triangular, or 5-branched, glabrous; bracteoles ovate, acute. Flowers white,
sparsely ciliate. Flowers white, ca. 2 mm. Pedicel 1–2 mm. ca. 2 mm. Pedicel 0.8–1.5(–2) mm. Calyx lobes broadly
Calyx lobes united ca. 1/2 their length, ovate or broadly so, ovate, ca. 1 mm in fruit, obtuse or rounded, entire or irregularly
glabrous, ciliate, not punctate, apex obtuse or rounded. Corolla crenulate, minutely ciliate or not, orange punctate-lineate.
united into a short tube, ca. 1.5 mm, not punctate, glabrous; Corolla lobes as long as tube, broadly ovate, rounded at apex,
lobes as long as tube, reniform or orbicular, rounded, margin crenulate at margin, orange punctate-lineate. Stamens included,
undulate. Stamens inserted on distal part of corolla tube, minute, inserted on lower part of corolla tube; filaments shorter
included, rudimentary in pistillate flowers; anthers orbicular or than anthers. Pistil included. Style thick; stigma obscurely
reniform. Style very short, thick; stigma minutely 4-lobed. lobed. Fruit globose, ca. 3 mm in diam., orange
Fruit yellowish, globose, 2–3 mm, orange punctate-lineate or punctate-lineate. Fl. Dec–Feb, fr. Aug–Dec.
veined. Fl. Jan–Mar, fr. Nov–Dec. Dense mixed forests, hillsides, stream banks, open
Sparse broad-leaved forests, mountain slopes, stream banks, coastal areas, damp places; 200–1500 m. Guangxi, Hainan,
shady places, along trails; 300–1700 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Yunnan [Cambodia, Vietnam].
Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Vietnam].
26. Maesa indica (Roxburgh) A. de Candolle, Trans. Linn.
Soc., London 17: 134. 1834.
24. Maesa confusa (C. M. Hu) Pipoly & C. Chen, Novon 5:
357. 1995. 包疮叶 bao chuang ye

紊纹杜茎山 wen wen du jing shan Baeobotrys indica Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 230. 1824.

Maesa consanguinea Merrill var. confusa C. M. Hu, Bot. Shrubs 1–3 m tall, scandent, glandular granulose,
J. South China 1: 12. 1992. early glabrescent. Branchlets angular to obtusely ridged,
pellucid punctate-lineate, striate, with dense lenticels; pith
solid. Petiole slightly canaliculate, 1–1.8 cm; leaf blade 28. Maesa manipurensis Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.
broadly ovate to oblong, 8–17(–21) ! 5–9(–11) cm, 236(Heft 9): 30. 1902.
papery, punctate-lineate, base obtuse or subrounded,
隐纹杜茎山 yin wen du jing shan
margin serrate-dentate or -denticulate, teeth not callose,
apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescences axillary or subterminal, Shrubs 1.2–3 m tall. Branchlets glandular granulose, early
racemose or paniculate, 3–5 cm, glabrescent or glandular glabrescent, shallowly canaliculate when young, cylindric with
granulose; bracteoles broadly ovate, obtuse to rounded ridges at maturity; pith hollow. Petiole slightly canaliculate,
apically. Flowers white or light yellow-green, ca. 2 mm. (1–)1.8 cm; leaf blade oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 11–21 ×
Pedicel 1–2 mm, glandular granulose. Calyx lobes broadly 3.5–7(–8) cm, papery, glandular granulose, early glabrescent,
ovate, pellucid punctate, margin entire, sparsely ciliate, apex inconspicuously orange punctate-lineate, base sub-
obtuse to rounded. Corolla campanulate, orange rounded or obtuse, margin coarsely serrate or serrate-dentic-
punctate-lineate; lobes broadly ovate, as long as or longer than ulate with punctate and callose teeth, apex acute or short acu-
tube, margin subundulate, apex acute. Stamens inserted at minate; lateral veins 9–12 on each side of midrib, ending in
middle of corolla tube, included; filaments as long as or longer teeth, submarginal vein absent. Inflorescences axillary and
than anthers; anthers rounded. Pistil included. Style terminal, paniculate, 2–4 cm, glabrous; bracteoles lanceolate,
short; stigma lobed. Fruit globose or subglobose, ca. 3 margin ciliate, apex acute. Flowers 2–3 mm. Calyx lobes
mm in diam., with longitudinal ribs; persistent calyx lobes ovate, obscurely orange punctate-lineate, margin
closed at fruit apex. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Nov. ciliate, apex acute. Corolla white, campanulate,
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, hillsides, stream banks, damp
orange punctate-lineate; lobes ovate, margin minutely crenulate,
places; 500–2000 m. S Yunnan [India, Vietnam]. as long as tube or longer, apex obtuse. Stamens inserted
at middle of corolla tube; anthers ovate or reniform,
27. Maesa tenera Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 236(Heft 9): ca. as long as filaments. Pistil included. Style
28. 1902. slender, persistent; stigma sometimes 4-lobed. Fruit
ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., slightly ribbed; persistent
软弱杜茎山 ruan ruo du jing shan
calyx lobes closed at fruit apex. Fl. Feb–Mar, fr. Oct.
Shrubs 1–2(–4) m tall, glandular granulose, early glab- Sparse broad-leaved forests, hillsides, valleys; 1600–2000 m. W
rescent. Branchlets angular to obtusely ridged, Yunnan [Bangladesh, E India].
lenticellate; pith hollow. Petiole canaliculate,
1–1.5 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic to ovate, 7.5–11 29. Maesa densistriata C. Chen & C. M. Hu in C. Chen,
! 3.5–5.5 cm, membranous, dull adaxially, inconspicuously
Novon 4: 322. 1994.
pellucid punctate and sparsely glandular granulose abaxially, 灰叶杜茎山 hui ye du jing shan
base cuneate, margin serrate, teeth not callose, apex
caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 7–10 on each side of midrib, Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets angular, sparsely puberu-
marginal vein absent. Inflorescences axillary, racemose or lent when young, glabrescent when mature. Petiole ca. 1.5 cm;
paniculate, 7–10 cm, glabrous; bracteoles ovate to lanceolate, leaf blade oblong, elliptic-lanceolate, to
margin ciliate, apex acute. Flowers 1.5–2 mm. Pedicel 1.5–2 mm, oblanceolate, 8.5–14 × 2.5–5.5 cm, papery, glabrous,
glabrous. Calyx lobes broadly ovate, margin entire, sometimes densely and minutely longitudinally glandular striate, base
ciliate, apex acute. Corolla campanulate, twice as long as calyx cuneate, margin serrate, apex acute or abruptly acuminate;
lobes; lobes broadly ovate, as long as tube, orange midrib and lateral veins prominent especially abaxially, lateral
punctate-lineate, margin crenulate, apex rounded. Stamens of veins ca. 10 per side, ending in teeth. Flowers unknown.
pistillate flowers reduced, those of male flowers inserted on Infructescences axillary, paniculate, 1.5–4 cm, many branched,
distal part of corolla tube; filaments longer than anthers; anthers glabrous, inserted at leaf axils of 2-year old branches; bracts
oblong. Pistil and pistillode included. Style persistent; stigma lanceolate, ca. 0.5 mm; bracteoles ovate, glabrous. Fruiting
4-lobed. Fruit globose or subovoid, ca. 3 mm in diam., striate, pedicel 1–2 mm, glabrous. Fruit globose, 3–4 mm in diam.,
1/4–1/3 exposed above attachment of persistent calyx lobes. Fl. somewhat fleshy, glabrous, not glandular, persistent
Feb, fr. Aug–Sep. sepals ovate-triangular, glabrous, glandular at apex, ±
ciliate.
* Open edges of mixed forests; 100–600 m. C and S Guangdong.
* Sparse broad-leaved forests, shrubby areas, sunny hillsides;
900–2000 m. Yunnan.

2. AEGICERAS Gaertner, Fruct. & Sem. 1: 216. l788.

蜡烛果属 la zhu guo shu
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate or subopposite. Inflorescences terminal or rarely axillary, umbellate. Flowers bisexual,
5-merous. Corolla campanulate, united into a tube; lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, imbricate, overlapping to right in bud, recurved
or reflexed at anthesis, not glandular. Basal part of filaments united into a tube as long as corolla tube, distal part free, exserted;
anthers ovate, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, transversely septate. Ovary superior; ovules numerous, within a globose placenta.
Style elongated; stigma apiculate. Fruit elongated, terete, curved, 1-seeded capsules; exocarp dry, crustaceous, dehiscing by a
longitudinal fissure or separating into 2 fragments along back and front; endocarp somewhat fleshy; persistent calyx compactly
enclosing fruit base. Seeds occupying whole cavity; embryo terete, curved.
Two species: India, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Australia; one species in China.

1. Aegiceras corniculatum (Linnaeus) Blanco, Fl. Filip. 79. deciduous. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, ! glandular. Flowers ca.
1837. 1 cm. Calyx lobes rhomboid, 5–6 ! 3–4 mm, leathery,
蜡烛果 la zhu guo prominently veined, black glandular at base,
asymmetric, entire, apex broadly rounded. Corolla
Rhizophora corniculata Linnaeus, Amoen. Acad. 4: l23. white, ca. 9 mm; lobes ovate, ca. 5 mm, asymmetric,
l759; Aegiceras majus Gaertner; Umbraculum corniculatum acuminate, reflexed; tube 3–4 mm, villous inside. Stamens
(Linnaeus) Kuntze. longer than corolla tube; filaments villous basally on outside,
Plants ca. 1.5 m tall. Branchlets reddish or glabrous inside; anthers ca. 3 mm. Style black glandular
blackish brown, glabrous. Petiole 5–10 mm; leaf blade basally. Fruit 6(–8) cm, 5–6 mm in diam., glabrous, base
elliptic or broadly obovate, 3–8 ! 2–4.5 cm, leathery, clasped by twisted persistent sepals. Fl. Dec–Feb, fr. Oct–Dec.
base cuneate, margin entire, revolute, apex rounded or Mangrove, muddy flats, coasts. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,
emarginate; lateral veins 7–11 on each side of midrib, Hainan, Nanhai Zhudao [India, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka,
densely puberulent abaxially. Inflorescences terminal, Vietnam; Australia].
subsessile, ca. 10-flowered; bracts oblong-lanceolate,
3. ARDISIA Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 3: 48. 1788.
紫金牛属 zi jin niu shu
Trees, shrubs, suffrutescent [or rarely herbs]. Leaves alternate or pseudoverticillate, usually punctate or punctate-lineate.
Inflorescences paniculate, cymose, corymbose, or umbellate, rarely racemose. Flowers bisexual, often punctate, 5- or rarely
4-merous. Calyx campanulate or cupular; sepals free or barely united at base, imbricate or quincuncial, usually punctate or
punctate-lineate. Corolla campanulate, often punctate; lobes united at base, overlapping to right or very rarely to left, imbricate, or
quincuncial, often conical in bud. Stamens attached at base or middle of corolla tube; filaments very short, broad at base; anthers
dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores. Ovary ovoid or subglobose, as long as or longer than petals; ovules 3 to many. Style
base persistent; stigma minute, apiculate. Fruit drupaceous, 1-seeded, punctate, sometimes longitudinally ribbed, with somewhat
fleshy exocarp and crusty or slightly bony endocarp. Seeds covered by membranous remnants of placenta.
About 400–500 species: primarily tropical E and SE Asia, Americas, Australia, and Pacific Islands; 65 species in China.
1a. Suffrutescent herbs or subwoody shrubs, if woody then mostly less than 1.5 tall, with creeping rhizomes, stolons,
or tubers.
2a. Leaf blade margin serrate or pectinate-dentate.
3a. Leaf blade margin pectinate-dentate.
4a. Leaf blade papery, ovate or elliptic, 6–16 cm, base broadly rounded to subcordate, slightly asymmetric.
5a. Leaf blade bullate adaxially, veins densely villous-tomentose abaxially; inflorescences
ca. 3 cm .................................................................................................................................. 36. A. pubivenula
5b. Leaf blade smooth adaxially, veins minutely villous abaxially; inflorescences 5–7 cm ............ 37. A. replicata
4b. Leaf blade membranous 16–50 cm, base cuneate or truncate, symmetric.
6a. Cataphylls absent; leaf secondary veins perpendicular from midrib to margin.
7a. Leaf blade oblanceolate, tomentose abaxially along veins, base truncate; petiole
4–6 cm ......................................................................................................................... 38. A. scalarinervis
7b. Leaf blade broadly elliptic, tomentose abaxially throughout, base broadly rounded;
petiole (6–)6.5–8.5 cm ................................................................................................ 39. A. pingbienensis
6b. Cataphylls present; leaf secondary veins arcuate, curving distally from midrib to margin.
8a. Inflorescences racemose panicles; flowers umbellate; branchlets and midrib
tomentose with simple, stramineous trichomes ...................................................... 42. A. ramondiaeformis
8b. Inflorescences bipinnate panicles; flowers corymbose; branchlets and midrib
tomentose with reddish, elongated, 2-celled capitate trichomes.
9a. Plant subsucculent; leaf blade margin somewhat revolute; inflorescences
columnar, not pyramidal .................................................................................... 40. A. dasyrhizomatica
9b. Plant woody; leaf blade margin flat; inflorescences pyramidal ................................ 41. A. gigantifolia
3b. Leaf blade margin roughly to finely serrate.
10a. Inflorescences paniculate; petiole winged ................................................................................... 43. A. balansana
10b. Inflorescences umbellate; petiole not winged.
11a. Leaf blade 15–22 cm ................................................................................................. 44. A. purpureovillosa
11b. Leaf blade 2.5–10 cm.
 12a. Leaves alternate, base of blade cordate ........................................................................ 49. A. maclurei
12b. Leaves opposite, whorled, or nearly so; base of blade cuneate, obtuse, or rounded.
13a. Sepals ovate or triangular-ovate, puberulent, tomentose, or ciliate; bracts
1–2 mm.
14a. Pedicel puberulent, ca. 5 mm; petiole canaliculate, 10–20 mm ................. 45. A. ordinata
14b. Pedicel strigose, 7–10 mm; petiole not canaliculate, 6–10 mm ................. 46. A. japonica
13b. Sepals linear- to subulate-lanceolate, villous or pilose; bracts 3–5 mm.
15a. Leaf blade elliptic or obovate, 2.5–6 cm; pedicel ca. 6 mm; flowers
(3–)4 mm; fruit punctate ............................................................................... 47. A. pusilla
15b. Leaf blade ovate to lanceolate-elliptic or oblanceolate, 5–10 cm; pedicel
7–10 mm; flowers 4–5(–6) mm; fruit not punctate ......................................... 48. A. faberi
2b. Leaf blade margin entire, crenate, or undulate.
16a. Leaves and branchlets glandular villous-tomentose or glandular puberulent.
17a. Shrubs; leaf blade apex subacuminate to long acuminate, margin glabrous.
18a. Leaf blade margin crenate; branchlets long glandular villous ................................................ 50. A. villosa
18b. Leaf blade margin entire; branchlets reddish glandular puberulent ................................ 51. A. brevicaulis
17b. Herbs; leaf blade apex rounded to acute; margin long glandular villous-tomentose.
19a. Petiole 0.2–0.4 cm; sepals glabrous; leaf blade apex rounded.
20a. Calyx lobe margin glandular ciliate ...................................................................... 52. A. primulifolia
20b. Calyx lobe margin glabrous .......................................................................................... 53. A. omissa
19b. Petiole 2–4 cm; sepals long glandular villous; leaf blade apex acute.
21a. Leaf blade base truncate to broadly rounded, adaxial surface hispid ................. 54. A. verbascifolia
21b. Leaf blade base acute, adaxial surface strigose and mamillate ............................... 55. A. mamillata
16b. Leaves and branchlets glandular papillose, scaly, or glabrous.
22a. Leaf blade 2–6 cm.
23a. Leaf blade margin crenulate.
24a. Leaf blade lanceolate, glossy above; branchlets and petioles densely and
minutely reddish glandular papillose ...................................................................... 56. A. alyxiifolia
24b. Leaf blade obovate, dull above; branchlets and petioles reddish brown scaly ......... 57. A. chinensis
23b. Leaf blade margin minutely serrulate or entire.
25a. Leaf blade margin entire; branchlets brown scaly apically ............................................ 58. A. fordii
25b. Leaf blade margin minutely serrulate; branchlets minutely reddish puberulent.
26a. Leaf blade base truncate to subcordate .............................................................. 59. A. violacea
26b. Leaf blade base cuneate ............................................................................. 60. A. sinoaustralis
22b. Leaf blade 6.5–20 cm.
27a. Branchlets reddish brown scaly; leaf blade margin without marginal nitrogen-fixing
nodules ........................................................................................................................ 61. A. argenticaulis
27b. Branchlets glandular papillate; leaf blade margin with conspicuous black nitrogen
fixing nodules.
28a. Leaf blade apex caudate; branchlets reddish glandular papillose; petiole
0.3–0.6 cm.
29a. Leaf blade membranous, base obtuse to rounded, abaxially glaucous,
inconspicuously pellucid punctate, sparsely reddish puberulent ....................... 62. A. caudata
29b. Leaf blade papery, base acutish to attenuate, abaxially dull, densely black
punctate, sparsely reddish papillose .....................................................................63. A. pedalis
28b. Leaf blade apex acute to acuminate; branchlets minutely rusty glandular papillose;
petiole 0.8–2 cm.
30a. Leaf blade membranous; petals 4–5 mm, apex acute; plants with creeping
rhizomes ............................................................................................................... 64. A. crispa
30b. Leaf blade papery to subleathery; petals 7–8 mm, apex acuminate; plants
with tubers ................................................................................................ 65. A. carnosicaulis
1b. Shrubs or trees, mostly over 1 m, without creeping rhizomes or stolons.
31a. Inflorescences strictly axillary or axillary and terminal.
32a. Branchlets and inflorescence rachis reddish tomentose or puberulent.
33a. Inflorescences cymose, ca. 1 cm; branchlets reddish puberulent ................................................ 3. A. aberrans
33b. Inflorescences paniculate, 7–10 cm; branchlets reddish tomentose.
34a. Inflorescence branches umbellate, rarely cymose; leaf blade margin entire; petiole
0.3–0.5 cm ..................................................................................................................... 1. A. nigropilosa
 34b. Inflorescence branches racemose; leaf blade margin subentire to crenulate; petiole
1.5–2.5 cm ................................................................................................................... 2. A. baotingensis
32b. Branchlets and inflorescence rachis glabrous, minutely red papillate, or sparsely brown scaly.
35a. Branchlets and inflorescence rachis scaly.
36a. Leaf blade membranous; perianth membranous ......................................................... 6. A. quinquegona
36b. Leaf blade leathery; perianth papery.
37a. Leaf blade glossy adaxially, apex long acuminate, acumen 1–2 cm; secondary
veins numerous, fine; calyx lobes broadly ovate to suborbicular ............................. 4. A. waitakii
37b. Leaf blade dull adaxially, apex acute; secondary veins 14–25 pairs; calyx lobes
narrowly triangular ................................................................................................... 5. A. sieboldii
35b. Branchlets and inflorescence rachis glabrous or sparsely and minutely red glandular papillate.
38a. Petiole canaliculate; flowers in corymbs or racemes.
39a. Leaf blade elliptic or oblanceolate, conspicuously black punctate-lineate
abaxially, not prominently black punctate adaxially ............................................ 10. A. solanacea
39b. Leaf blade linear or narrowly lanceolate, black punctate abaxially,
prominently black punctate adaxially ..................................................................... 11. A. filiformis
38b. Petiole marginate; flowers in umbels.
40a. Sepals rugose basally; leaf blade margin revolute ..................................................... 7. A. elliptica
40b. Sepals smooth or verruculose basally; leaf blade margin flat.
41a. Sepals verruculose basally, margin hyaline, apex rounded to emarginate;
leaf blade base acute; petals glabrous adaxially at base .................................... 8. A. garrettii
41b. Sepals smooth basally, margin opaque, apex broadly acute; leaf blade
base cuneate; petals red glandular papillate adaxially at base ................... 9. A. brunnescens
31b. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal.
42a. Leaf blade margin crenulate, serrate, or dentate, if subentire then with large
vascularized nodules.
43a. Branchlets, abaxial leaf surface, and inflorescence rachis glabrous or rusty scaly.
44a. Branchlets, abaxial leaf surface, and inflorescence rachis rusty scaly; leaf blade
membranous or papery, densely black punctate and punctate-lineate or
inconspicuously pellucid punctate.
45a. Leaf blade membranous, densely and prominently black punctate and
punctate-lineate; tertiary veins not conspicuous ................................................. 32. A. shweliensis
45b. Leaf blade papery, inconspicuously pellucid punctate; tertiary veins
prominently raised abaxially ............................................................................. 33. A. malipoensis
44b. Branchlets, abaxial leaf surface, and inflorescences glabrous; leaf blade
leathery, not punctate.
46a. Inflorescences corymbose panicles of umbels; sepals lanceolate; petiole
10–13 mm .............................................................................................................. 34 A. hanceana
46b. Inflorescences simple or compound umbels; sepals broadly ovate to
suborbicular; petiole 0.3–0.5 mm ................................................................... 35. A. crassinervosa
43b. Branchlets and inflorescence rachis sparsely glandular papillose-puberulent and early
glabrescent, or strigose.
47a. Inflorescences simple umbels.
48a. Leaf blade margin sharply serrate; sepals as wide as or wider than long;
petals glabrous within ...................................................................................... 24. A. cornudentata
48b. Leaf blade margin undulate, or crenulate, rarely distantly serrulate; sepals
longer than wide; petals yellow glandular granulose adaxially at base.
49a. Abaxial leaf surface, branchlets, and inflorescence rachis densely
and minutely reddish puberulent; sepals papery, margin sparsely
glandular ciliolate ....................................................................................... 25. A. lindleyana
49b. Abaxial leaf surface glabrous, branchlet and inflorescences rachis
minutely reddish glandular papillate, early glabrescent; sepals
membranous, margin glabrous ........................................................................ 26. A. crenata
47b. Inflorescences panicles of corymbs, umbels, or cymes.
50a. Panicles cymose or compound umbels; leaf blade apex acute or subacuminate.
51a. Leaf blade papery, dull, densely black punctate, sparsely glandular
papillate abaxially; inflorescences compound umbels ....................................... 30. A. virens
51b. Leaf blade leathery, glossy, inconspicuously pellucid punctate, with
reddish bifurcate trichomes abaxially; inflorescences compound cymes ....... 31. A. alutacea
 50b. Panicles corymbose; leaf blade apex caudate-acuminate.
52a. Leaf blade membranous; inflorescences compound corymbs ...................... 27. A. conspersa
52b. Leaf blade subleathery to leathery; inflorescences corymbs of umbels.
53a. Perianth membranous, hyaline, essentially epunctate; sepals
and petals long attenuate ........................................................................ 28. A. merrillii
53b. Perianth papery, densely black punctate; sepals obtuse,
petals acute ...................................................................................... 29. A. corymbifera
42b. Leaf blade margin subentire, undulate, or entire, without vascularized nodules.
54a. Inflorescences umbellate, terminal on modified lateral branchlets.
55a. Leaf blade linear or linear-lanceolate; branchlets 1.5–2.5(3.5) mm in diam.
56a. Leaf blade leathery, densely and prominently black punctate and
punctate-lineate; sepals elliptic ............................................................................... 22. A. ensifolia
56b. Leaf balde papery, inconspicuously red punctate; sepals deltate ........................ 23. A. hypargyrea
55b. Leaf blade elliptic, broadly oblanceolate or obovate; branchlets (3.5–) 4–5 mm in
diam.
57a. Branchlets red puberulent; petiole up to 1 cm, leaf blade leathery or
subleathery, dull adaxially, pale abaxially.
58a. Leaf blade obscurely pellucid punctate; sepals ovate, acute apically,
1.5–2 mm, inconspicuously red punctate medially, margin opaque,
erose, densely red glandular ciliate; peduncle 0.5–1.2 cm .............................. 18. A. porifera
58b. Leaf blade prominently black punctate; sepals suborbicular, broadly
rounded and notched apically, 4–6 mm, densely black punctate medially,
margin hyaline, irregular, with a few translucent glandular cilia;
peduncle 1.3–2.5 cm ............................................................................... 19. A. perreticulata
57b. Branchlets glabrous; petiole 1–4 cm; leaf blade membranous, glossy adaxially.
59a. Leaf blade densely and prominently red punctate, margin entire;
petiole 1–2 cm ................................................................................................ 20. A. olivacea
59b. Leaf blade densely and prominently black punctate and punctate-lineate,
margin roughly crenate; petiole 3–4 cm ..................................................... 21. A. hokouensis
54b. Inflorescences pyramidal paniculate, terminal and/or subterminal on main branchlet axis.
60a. Leaf blade leathery, thin leathery, or cartilaginous; branchlets 5–7 mm in diam.
61a. Leaf blade thin leathery, smooth; sepals ovate ........................................................... 14. A. obtusa
61b. Leaf blade cartilaginous or leathery, scrobiculate; sepals lanceolate.
62a. Leaf blade cartilaginous; inflorescences and branchlets
minutely scaly ..................................................................................... 12. A. densilepidotula
62b. Leaf blade leathery; inflorescences and branchlets glabrous ........................ 13. A. racemosa
60b. Leaves membranous to papery; branchlets 2–3 mm in diam.
63a. Flowers in corymbs; pedicel erect; inflorescence rachis straight............................ 5. A. thyrsiflora
63b. Flowers in umbels; pedicel recurved; inflorescence rachis geniculate.
64a. Leaf blade bullate, elliptic to lanceolate; inflorescence rachis and
branchlets reddish scaly and glandular papillate .......................................... 16. A. retroflexa
64b. Leaf blade smooth, obovate to oblanceolate; inflorescence rachis and
branchlets reddish stellate and dendroid tomentose ......................................... 17. A. curvula

1. Ardisia nigropilosa Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: cm. Flowers papery, pink, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel (5–)7–10 mm.
810. 1930. Sepals triangular lanceolate, 1.2–1.5 mm, densely
tomentose, punctate, margin entire and glabrous, apex acute.
星毛紫金牛 xing mao zi jin niu
Petals nearly free, broadly ovate, epunctate or sparsely punctate,
Ardisia stellata E. Walker. sparsely pubescent abaxially, glabrescent, margin entire, apex
obtuse or subacute. Stamens ca. 2/3 as long as petals; filaments
Shrubs ca. 3 m tall, densely reddish stellate tomentose obsolete; anthers ovate, punctate dorsally, dehiscent by
throughout; stellate hairs stipitate. Branchlets terete, 2.5–3.5 longitudinal slits, apex caudate. Pistil ca. as long as petals; ovary
mm in diam., strongly longitudinally ridged. Petiole canali- globose, glabrous, punctate; ovules numerous, multiseriate.
culate, 3–5 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate, 12–24 × 3.5–7 cm, Stigma punctiform. Fruit globose, dull red or reddish black, 4–5
papery, dull and glabrescent adaxially except for midrib, base mm in diam., stellate tomentose. Fl. May, fr. Oct.
subauriculate, margin flat, entire or obscurely undulate, apex
acute or acuminate; lateral veins 15–20 on each side of midrib, Evergreen broad-leaved forests, mountains, stream sides, damp
prominent, raised, marginal vein absent. Inflorescences terminal places; ca. 500 m. S Yunnan [Vietnam].
or sublateral, paniculate, branches umbellate or cymose, 7–10
2. Ardisia baotingensis C. M. Hu, Acta Bot. Austro-Sin. 6: 27. leaf blade oblong or narrowly oblanceolate, 9–20 × 2.5–5.5 cm,
1990. leathery, densely pellucid punctate, glossy, and glabrous
adaxially, pale and densely minute brown scaly abaxially, base
保亭紫金牛 bao ting zi jin niu
cuneate, margin flat, entire, apex long acuminate or attenuate,
Shrubs 2–3 m tall, reddish brown scaly on branchlets, acumen 1–2 cm; lateral veins numerous, marginal vein present.
petioles, and inflorescence rachis. Branchlets slightly angular Inflorescences axillary or subterminal, corymbose. Flowers
to obtusely 4-angled, 3–5 mm in diam. Petiole canaliculate, papery, white or pink, 3.5–4 mm. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Sepals
1.5–2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong or elliptic, 14–25 × 4–8.5 cm, broadly ovate to suborbicular, 1.5–1.8 mm, keeled and orange
papery, or thin leathery, base broadly cuneate, margin flat, punctate medially, sparingly brown scaly basally, margin erose
entire to subcrenate, apex acute to slightly acuminate, acumen toward apex and ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded. Petals united
to 5 mm, without a mucro; lateral veins numerous, prominently 0.3–0.4 mm from base; lobes ovate, sparsely pellucid punctate,
raised on both surfaces, marginal vein evident. Inflorescences rusty papillate adaxially at base, margin entire, apex obtuse to
axillary on long peduncles, paniculate, branches umbellate, acutish. Stamens subequalling petals; filaments ca. 0.5 mm;
rachis straight, glabrous. Flowers papery, pink, ca. 5 mm. anthers narrowly ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, epunctate dorsally,
Pedicel recurved, 0.8–1.5 cm. Sepals triangular, 0.8–1 mm, dehiscing by subterminal pores opening into longitudinal slits,
minutely punctate, margin entire, ciliate, apex acute. Petals apex cuspidate. Pistil equaling petals; ovary ovoid, densely
united to 1/4 length, broadly ovate, margin entire, hyaline, punctate; ovules numerous, multiseriate. Stigma punctiform.
glabrous, apex acute. Stamens subequal to petals; filaments Fruit globose, 5.5–6 mm in diam., pellucid punctate. Fl.
short; anthers ovate, ca. 2 mm, apparently epunctate, apiculate. Apr–May, fr. Oct.
Pistil ca. as long as petals; ovary subglobose, glabrous; ovules Evergreen broad-leaved forests, stream sides; 500–800 m.
numerous, multiseriate. Fruit subglobose, 6–7 mm in diam., Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Vietnam].
longitudinally striate. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Oct–Nov.
Plants reported in FRPS as Ardisia oxyphylla Wallich ex A. de
* Dense broad-leaved forests, mountains. Hainan. Candlolle var. cochinchinensis Pitard are misidentifications of A.
waitakii. The former taxon is a synonym of A. amherstiana A. de
3. Ardisia aberrans (E. Walker) C. Y. Wu & C. Chen in C. Candolle, a species that does not occur in China.
Chen, Fl. Yunnan. 1: 337. 1977.
5. Ardisia sieboldii Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3:
狗骨头 gou gu tou 190. 1867.
Embelia aberrans E. Walker, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 9: 多枝紫金牛 duo zhi zi jin niu
173. 1939.
Ardisia formosana Rolfe; Bladhia sieboldii (Miquel)
Shrubs 1.2–2 m tall. Branchlets terete, 2–3 mm in diam., Nakai; Tinus sieboldii (Miquel) Kuntze.
reddish puberulent, glabrescent. Petiole canaliculate,
Shrubs or rarely small trees to 10 m tall.
6–10 mm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 17–23 ×
Branchlets terete 2–3 mm in diam., sparsely brown scaly
5–9 cm, papery, dull and glabrous adaxially, minutely
when young, finely wrinkled. Petiole marginate, 5–10 mm;
puberulent and punctate abaxially, base cuneate or
leaf blade obovate to oblanceolate, 7–14 × 2–4 cm, leathery,
obtuse or sometimes rounded, margin flat, entire, apex
dull adaxially, glabrous or sometimes minutely brown scaly
acuminate; lateral veins 18–23 on each side of midrib,
abaxially, base cuneate, margin entire, usually revolute, apex
prominently raised adaxially, marginal vein present.
broadly to narrowly acute; lateral veins 14–25 on each side of
Inflorescences axillary, cymose, ca. 1 cm, puberulent,
midrib, inconspicuous, marginal vein obscure. Inflorescences
usually pendulous. Flowers papery, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel
axillary, near ends of branches, paniculate, branches
2–3 mm, puberulent. Sepals ovate, ca. 1 mm, minutely
subumbellate or cymose, 3–4(–7) cm, glabrous. Flowers
puberulent, red punctate, margin ciliate, apex acute. Petals
membranous, white, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel ca. 5 mm, brown
united ca. 1/2 way to base; lobes broadly ovate, glabrous,
scaly. Sepals ovate, 1–1.5 mm, sparsely punctate,
minutely punctate, base auriculate, margin entire, apex
margin entire, ciliate, apex acute. Petals nearly free,
obtuse. Stamens slightly shorter than petals; filaments
broadly ovate, inconspicuously punctate, glabrous, apex
subobsolete; anthers ovate or broadly lanceolate, punctate
acute. Stamens ca. 3/4 as long as petals; filaments equal to
dorsally, dehiscent by longitudinal slits, apex acute. Pistil ca. as
anther length; anthers ovate, prominently black or
long as petals, glabrous; ovary conical; ovules numerous, in 3
inconspicuous pellucid punctate dorsally, dehiscent
series. Stigma punctiform. Fruit globose, ca. 5 mm in diam.,
by pores opening into large longitudinal slits, apex apiculate.
punctate. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep.
Pistil ca. as long as petals; ovary glabrous, punctate; ovules
* Evergreen broad-leaved forests, valleys, damp places; numerous, multiseriate. Fruit globose, red to blackish, ca. 7
1100–1400 m. Yunnan. mm in diam., somewhat fleshy. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jan–Apr. 2n =
4. Ardisia waitakii C. M. Hu, Bot. J. South China 1: 2. 1992. 48.
越南紫金牛 yue nan zi jin niu Mixed forests, thickets, mountains, hillsides; 100–600 m. Fujian,
Taiwan, Zhejiang [S Japan].
Shrubs or trees to 4 m tall. Branchlets terete, 3–3.5 mm in
diam., brown scaly, glabrescent. Petiole canaliculate, 7–12 mm; 6. Ardisia quinquegona Blume, Bijdr. 689. 1826.
罗伞树 luo san shu apiculate. Pistil as long as petals; ovary glabrous, pellucid
punctate; ovules numerous, multiseriate. Fruit
Ardisia elliptisepala E. Walker; A. jinyunensis Z. Y. Zhu;
subglobose, red or purplish black, ca. 8 mm in diam.,
A. pauciflora Heyne; A. pentagona A. de Candolle; A. quin-
minutely punctate, fleshy. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 48*
quegona var. hainanensis E. Walker; A. quinquegona var. ob-
longa E. Walker; Bladhia pseudoquinquegona Masamune; B. Roadsides, scrub, near villages, edges of fields, along coasts.
quinquegona (Blume) Nakai. Taiwan [India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Philip-
pines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; cultivated and naturalized throughout
Shrubs 2(–6) m tall, rarely rhizomatous. Branchlets tropics].
angular, 2–3 mm in diam., brown scaly, glabrescent, longi-
8. Ardisia garrettii H. R. Fletcher, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew
tudinally ridged. Petiole canaliculate, (3–)5–10 mm, brown
1937: 30. 1937.
scaly, glabrescent; leaf blade oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate,
8–16 × 2–4 cm, membranous, dull and glabrous adaxially, 小乔木紫金牛 xiao qiao mu zi jin niu
inconspicuously punctate and scaly abaxially, base cuneate, Shrubs or trees 2–5(–8) m tall, glabrous. Branchlets terete,
margin flat, entire, apex narrowly acute to acuminate, acumen 3–4 mm in diam., minutely glandular papillate, early
to 1 cm; lateral veins numerous, inconspicuous, marginal vein glabrescent. Petiole marginate, 5–10 mm; leaf blade narrowly
inconspicuous. Inflorescences axillary, paniculate, cymose, or oblanceolate, 9–19 × 2–5 cm, papery, inconspicuously punc-
subumbellate, ca. (1–)3–5(–8) cm, scaly. Flowers membranous, tate, base acute, margin flat, entire, apex acuminate, acumen
white or pink, to 3 mm. Pedicel 5–8 mm, scaly. Sepals ovate to 1–1.5 cm; lateral veins 14–20 on each side of midrib, incon-
lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, punctate, glabrous, margin sparsely and spicuous adaxially, slightly raised abaxially, marginal vein
minutely ciliate, apex acute to obtuse. Petals nearly free, absent. Inflorescences axillary, paniculate, branches
broadly elliptic, to 3 mm, punctate, glabrous except puberulent umbellate or subracemose, rarely cymose, 4–10 cm.
at base adaxially, apex acute or obtuse. Stamens Flowers papery, white, rarely red or pink, 5–7 mm.
subequalling petals; filaments obsolete; anthers Pedicel 1.2–1.9 cm. Sepals broadly ovate, ca. 2 mm,
ovate to reniform, punctate dorsally, dehiscent by reflexed in fruit, punctate, base subauriculate,
terminal pores opening into large longitudinal slits, verruculose, margin hyaline, ciliate, apex rounded or
apex apiculate. Pistil longer than petals, even in bud; emarginate. Petals nearly free, broadly ovate, 5–7 mm,
ovary glabrous, punctate; ovules numerous, glabrous, purplish red punctate, apex acute. Stamens
multiseriate. Stigma punctiform. Fruit depressed, shorter than petals; anthers lanceolate, black
obtusely 5-angled, inconspicuously punctate. Fl. punctate dorsally, dehiscent by longitudinal pores,
Mar–Jul, fr. Aug–Feb. apex acute or minutely apiculate. Pistil as long as
Damp seepage in mixed forests, valleys, stream banks, hillsides, petals; ovary glabrous; ovules numerous, in 3 or 4
damp places; 200–1300 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, series. Fruit reddish purple or blackish, oblate, ca.
Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu 7 mm in diam., densely punctate. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr.
Islands), Malaysia, Vietnam]. Sep–Nov.
7. Ardisia elliptica Thunberg, Nov. Gen. Pl. 8: 119. 1798. Mixed forests, limestone hillsides, shrubby areas, mountains;
400–1400 m. Guizhou, Xizang, Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand,
东方紫金牛 dong fang zi jin niu Vietnam].
Ardisia kotoensis Hayata; A. squamulosa Presl; Bladhia The species was reported in FRPS as Ardisia arborescens.
kotoensis (Hayata) Nakai; Tinus squamulosa (Presl) Kuntze..
9. Ardisia brunnescens E. Walker, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27:
Shrubs 1–2 m tall, glabrous. Branchlets angular, 3–4.5 198. 1937.
mm in diam., glabrous, conspicuously black punctate-lineate,
凹脉紫金牛 ao mai zi jin niu
longitudinally ridged. Petiole marginate, 5–10 mm; leaf blade
oblanceolate or obovate, 6–12(–16) × 3–5(–7) cm, subleathery, Ardisia glauca Pitard (1930), not Mez (1920).
dull and densely punctate abaxially, especially along margin,
Shrubs 0.5–1(–3) m tall, glabrous. Branchlets somewhat
base cuneate, margin revolute, entire, apex obtuse or acute;
angled, 2.5–3.5 mm in diam., glabrous. Petiole marginate, (5–)
lateral veins 12–34 on each side of midrib, marginal vein
7–12 mm; leaf blade elliptic, 8–14 × 3.5–6 cm, papery, base
present. Inflorescences axillary or subterminal on basally
broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute or broadly acumi-
thickened lateral branches, subumbellate or umbellate. Flowers
nate; lateral veins 10–15 on each side of midrib, marginal vein
leathery, pink or white, 6(–8) mm. Pedicel ca. 1–2 cm,
undulate, ! interrupted. Inflorescences subterminal,
minutely and densely white verruculose, densely punctate.
paniculate, on specialized lateral branches 5–9 cm, with 1 or 2
Sepals broadly ovate, ca. 1 mm, densely black punctate, base
reduced apical leaves, branches umbellate. Flowers papery,
rugose and subauriculate, margin subentire, scarious, minutely
pink, ca. 4 mm. Pedicel subclavate, ca. 1 cm, slender. Sepals
ciliate, apex rounded. Petals almost free, broadly ovate,
ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, punctate, sometimes sparsely scaly, base
densely punctate, glabrous, margin hyaline, scarious, entire,
smooth, margin opaque, minutely ciliate, apex broadly acute.
apex long attenuate. Stamens subequalling petals; anthers
Petals ovate, ca. 4 mm, united at base; lobes densely and finely
linear-lanceolate, punctate dorsally,
punctate, glabrous abaxially, minutely red glandular papillate
longitudinally dehiscent, transversely septate-lobed, apex
near base adaxially, margin entire, opaque, apex acute.
Stamens shorter than petals; filaments extremely short; anthers blue-black, globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., punctate. Fl. Mar–Apr,
ovate, punctate or darkened dorsally, dehiscent by longitudinal fr. Nov–Dec.
slits, apex apiculate. Pistil as long as petals; ovary ovoid,
* Dense mixed forests, hillsides, damp places; 200–1000 m.
glabrous; ovules numerous, multiseriate. Fruit dark reddish, Guangxi.
globose, 6–7 mm in diam., pellucid punctate. Fl. Apr, fr.
Oct–Jan. 12. Ardisia densilepidotula Merrill, Lingnan Sci. J. 6: 284.
Mixed forests, thickets, valleys, hillsides. Guangdong, Guangxi
1928.
[Vietnam]. 密鳞紫金牛 mi lin zi jin niu
10. Ardisia solanacea Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel 1: 27. 1795. Trees 3–8(–15) m tall, densely reddish brown scaly on
酸台菜 suan tai cai branchlets, petioles and inflorescence rachis. Branchlets
angular, 5–7 mm in diam. Petiole narrowly marginate, deeply
Shrubs or trees to 6 m tall, glabrous. Branchlets canaliculate, ca. 1 cm; leaf blade obovate or broadly oblan-
prominently angular, 5–7 mm in diam. Petiole canaliculate, ceolate, 11–17(–24) × 4–6(–10) cm, cartilaginous, incon-
1–2 cm; leaf blade elliptic or oblanceolate, 12–20 × 4–7 cm, spicuously punctate, scrobiculate, base cuneate and narrowly
papery, conspicuously black punctate and punctate-lineate decurrent, margin entire, revolute, apex broadly acute; lateral
abaxially, not prominently punctate adaxially, base cuneate or veins numerous, raised on both surfaces, marginal vein present.
narrowly decurrent on petiole, margin subrevolute, entire, apex Inflorescences terminal or subterminal, pyramidal paniculate,
acute; lateral veins ca. 20 on each side of midrib, raised on both branches subumbellate, 10–14 cm. Flowers leathery, pink or
surfaces, marginal vein absent. Inflorescences at bases of new purplish red, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel 3–8 mm. Sepals lanceolate,
shoots, paniculate with racemose or rarely corymbose branches, 1–1.5 mm, inconspicuously pellucid punctate, glabrous,
3–8 cm. Flowers leathery, pink, ca. 1 cm. Sepals broadly ovate margin ciliate, apex acute. Petals nearly free, ovate,
to reniform, ca. 3 mm, densely black punctate, base inconspicuously pellucid punctate, glabrous, margin entire,
subauriculate, margin subentire or crenulate, ciliate, scarious, apex obtuse. Stamens subequalling petals; filaments to 1 mm;
apex rounded. Petals nearly free; lobes broadly ovate, ca. 9 mm, anthers ovate, not punctate dorsally, apiculate. Pistil as long as
punctate, margin entire, hyaline, apex obtuse or acute. Stamens or longer than petals in bud; ovary ovoid, glabrous; ovules ca.
subequalling petals; filaments ca. 1/4 anther length; anthers 14, in 2 or 3 close series. Fruit purplish red to black, globose, ca.
linear-lanceolate, densely punctate dorsally, longitudinally 6 mm in diam., inconspicuously pellucid punctate. Fl. Jun–Aug,
dehiscent, apex acute. Pistil subequalling petals; ovary globose, fr. Oct–Nov.
densely punctate; ovules numerous, multiseriate. Fruit purplish
red or blackish, oblate, 7–9 mm in diam., densely black * Dense broad-leaved forests, valleys, hillsides; 300–2000 m.
punctate. Fl. Feb–Mar, fr. Aug–Nov. 2n = 46. Hainan.

Mixed forests, shrubby areas, mountains or hillsides; 400–1600 13. Ardisia humilis Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 40. 1794.
m. SW Guangxi, S and SE Yunnan [India, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka,
矮紫金牛 ai zi jin niu
cultivated in Hawaii].
Ardisia hainanensis Mez; A. pyrgina Saint Lager; A.
11. Ardisia filiformis E. Walker, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27: 198.
pyrgus Roemer & Schultes; Tinus humilis (Vahl) Kuntze.
1937.
Shrubs 1–2(–5) m tall, glabrous. Branchlets terete, 5–7
狭叶紫金牛 xia ye zi jin niu
mm in diam., glabrous. Petiole canaliculate, 6–10 mm; leaf
Shrubs to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets terete, 1.5–2.5 mm in blade obovate, elliptic, or rarely oblanceolate, 15–18 × 5–7 cm,
diam., glabrous. Petiole canaliculate, 3(–10) mm; leaf blade leathery, glabrous, inconspicuously pellucid punctate,
linear or narrowly lanceolate, 12–20(–32) × 1–2.5(–3.5) cm, scrobiculate, base cuneate and minutely decurrent, margin
membranous, glabrous black punctate adaxially, conspicu- entire, apex broadly acute to obtuse; lateral veins ca. 12 on
ously punctate and minutely brown scaly abaxially, sparsely each side of midrib, marginal vein absent. Inflorescences
punctate, base broadly cuneate, margin entire or undulate, apex terminal, rarely terminating lateral branchlets, subumbellate or
long acuminate to rarely acute; lateral veins 10–15 on each side cymose in pyramidal panicles, 8–17(–20) cm. Flowers leathery,
of midrib, marginal vein conspicuous. Inflorescences pink or purplish red, 5–6 mm. Pedicel 6–10 mm, ca. 1.5 cm in
paniculate, axillary, branches racemose or subcorymbose, fruit. Sepals broadly ovate, 1–2 mm, glabrous, punctate, base
4–7(–12.5) cm, glabrous. Flowers membranous, pinkish or subauriculate, margin entire, apex acute. Petals nearly free,
reddish, 3–4 mm. Pedicel 0.8-1.5 cm, slender, glabrous. Sepals broadly ovate or ovate, glabrous, inconspicuously pellucid or
ovate to long triangular, ca. 1 mm, glabrous, minutely punctate, orange punctate, glabrous. Stamens subequalling petals;
margin entire, apex obtuse to acuminate. Petals nearly free, filaments ca. 1/2 anther length; anthers oblong-lanceolate,
oblong or ovate, glabrous, minutely punctate, margin entire, punctate dorsally, apiculate. Pistil equaling petals; ovary
apex acute to subobtuse. Stamens shorter than petals; filaments punctate, glabrous; ovules numerous, in 3 series. Fruit dull
subobsolete; anthers lanceolate, dehiscent by longitudinal slits, red or purplish black, globose, ca. 6 mm in diam.,
apiculate. Pistil equal to petals; ovary glabrous, obscurely densely punctate. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Nov–Dec.
punctate; ovules numerous, multiseriate. Fruit reddish or
 Mixed forests, hillsides, open fields; 0–1100 m. Guangdong, 0.8–1 mm. Petals 2–2.5 mm, densely and minutely punctate.
Hainan [Philippines, Vietnam]. Ovules numerous. Fruit unknown. Fl. May–Jun.
14. Ardisia obtusa Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 236(Heft 9): Dense evergreen broad-leaved forests, valleys, damp places;
104. 1902. 400–700 m. Guangxi [Vietnam].

铜盆花 tong pen hua 15. Ardisia thyrsiflora D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 148. 1825.
南方紫金牛 nan fang zi jin niu
Shrubs or trees to 7 m tall, densely and minutely brown
scaly on branchlets, petioles and inflorescence, glabrescent. Ardisia austroasiatica E. Walker; A. depressa C. B.
Branchlets terete, 4–5(–6) mm in diam. Petiole marginate, Clarke; A. floribunda Wallich (1824), not Roemer & Schultes
canaliculate, 5–10 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate, elliptic or (1819); A. meziana H. Léveillé (1912), not King & Gamble
obovate, (5–)6–9(–10) × (1.4–)2–4(–5) cm, thin leathery, (1906); A. neriifolia Wallich; A. tenera Mez; A. yunnanensis
glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire or obscurely serrate, Mez; Tinus depressa (C. B. Clarke) Kuntze; T. thyrsiflora (D.
apex broadly acute, acuminate, or obtuse; lateral veins 8–15 on Don) Kuntze.
each side of midrib, obscure, marginal vein inconspicuous.
Shrubs or small trees 1.5–5(–9) m tall, densely brown
Inflorescences terminal or subterminal, paniculate, branches
scaly on branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences. Branchlets
corymbose or subumbellate, rarely racemose, 5–8 × 7–13 cm.
terete, 2–3 mm in diam. Petiole canaliculate, ca. 1 cm; leaf
Flowers papery, white to pink or lavender, 2–5(–6) mm. Pedi-
blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 12–20(–22) × 2–4.5
cel 2–10(–17) mm, slender. Sepals ovate, 0.8–1.5 mm, pellucid
(–6) cm, papery, glossy, densely and minutely scrobiculate
or orange punctate, margin entire, minutely ciliate, apex acute.
adaxially, glabrous or minutely rusty brown scaly abaxially
Petals nearly free, broadly ovate or ovate, 2–4(–6) mm, densely
glabrescent, pellucid punctate, base cuneate or narrowly de-
and minutely orange punctate, or inconspicuously pellucid
current, margin entire, apex long acuminate, acumen 1.5–2 cm;
punctate, margin entire, apex obtuse to acute. Stamens
lateral veins numerous, obscure abaxially, marginal vein
equaling petals; filaments short; anthers punctate dorsally,
absent. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal,
apex apiculate. Pistil as long as petals; ovary glabrous; ovules
paniculate, branches corymbose, 10–20 cm. Flowers
15 to numerous, in 3 series. Fruit black, 4 (–8) mm in
papery, pink or purplish red, ca. 4 mm. Pedicel erect, ca. 5 mm.
diam., pellucid punctate, obscurely longitudinally ribbed.
Sepals ovate to elliptic, 1.3–1.5 mm, orange punctate, brown
Two subspecies: Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Vietnam]. scaly abaxially, pubescent adaxially, margin ciliate, apex acute.
1a. Leaf blade oblanceolate to obovate; Petals nearly free, ovate, 3.8–4 mm, sparsely orange punctate,
petiole broadly marginate, 12–15 mm; glabrous, margin entire, apex acute. Stamens subequal to petals;
sepals 1.2–1.5 mm; petals 3–6 mm, filaments ca. 1.5 mm; anthers ovate to lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm,
inconspicuously pellucid punctate ..... 14a. subsp. obtusa punctate dorsally, apiculate. Ovary glabrous; ovules numerous,
1b. Leaf blade narrowly oblanceolate to multiseriate. Fruit purplish red, globose, often 5-angled, ca. 4
elliptic; petiole marginate and canaliculate, mm in diam., minutely punctate. Fl. Jan–May, fr. Apr–Dec.
5–10 mm; sepals 0.8–1 mm; petals 2–2.5 Broad-leaved forests, woody hillsides, valleys, damp places,
mm, densely and minutely orange thickets; 200–1500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Xizang,
punctate ..................................... 14b. subsp. pachyphylla Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam].

14a. Ardisia obtusa subsp. obtusa 16. Ardisia retroflexa E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 60. 1940.

铜盆花(原亚种) tong pen hua (yuan ya zhong) 弯梗紫金牛 wan geng zi jin niu
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets slightly angular, 1.5–2 mm
Petiole broadly marginate, 1.2-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblan-
in diam., densely and minutely reddish brown scaly, glandular
ceolate to obovate, 6–10(–17.5) × 2–4(–5) cm. Flowers laven-
papillate, glabrescent. Petiole canaliculate, 4–12 mm; leaf
der or pink, 4–5(–6) mm. Pedicel 5–10(–17) mm. Sepals
blade elliptic, or lanceolate, 8–15 × 2–4 cm, papery, glabrous,
1.2–1.5 mm. Petals 3–6 mm, pellucid punctate. Ovules
bullate, base cuneate, margin revolute, entire, apex acute or
ca. 15. Fruit black, 4(–8) mm in diam., obscurely
acuminate; lateral veins 15–18 on each side of midrib, slightly
longitudinally ribbed. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Apr–Jul.
raised abaxially, marginal vein present. Inflorescences
* Bushes, broad-leaved forests, valleys, hilly areas, water edges; terminal, 10–12 cm, paniculate, branches umbellate, rachis
0–100 m. Guangdong, Hainan. strongly flexuous to geniculate. Flowers papery, white, ca. 2
14b. Ardisia obtusa subsp. pachyphylla (Dunn) Pipoly & C. mm. Pedicel 3–6(–10) mm, recurved. Sepals ovate, 0.8–1
Chen, Novon 5: 359. 1995. mm, glabrous, pellucid punctate, margin crenulate, ciliate,
apex acute. Petals nearly free, ovate, glabrous, not
厚叶铜盆花 hou ye tong pen hua
punctate, apex acute. Stamens subequalling petals; anthers
Ardisia pachyphylla Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: ovate, punctate dorsally, apex acute to subapiculate. Pistil as
368. 1912. long as petals. Style as long as globose ovary, glabrous. Fruit
red, globose, ca. 5 mm in diam., distinctly
Petiole marginate and canaliculate, 5–10 mm; leaf blade
longitudinally ribbed, sparsely punctate. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug.
elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 5–9 × 1.4–2.3 cm. Flowers
white to pinkish, 2–2.5 mm. Pedicel 2–5 mm, slender. Sepals * Broad-leaved forests, damp places. Hainan.
17. Ardisia curvula C. Y. Wu & C. Chen in C. Chen, Fl. to 0.5 mm, mucronate, lateral veins 7–15 on each side of
Yunnan. 1: 340. 1977. midrib, marginal vein absent. Inflorescences umbellate, ter-
minal on modified lateral branchlets; 3–6 cm. Flowers un-
折梗紫金牛 zhe geng zi jin niu
known. Pedicel erect, 5–10 mm, accrescent in fruit to 20 mm.
Shrubs or small trees, reddish stellate and Sepals suborbicular, 4–6 mm, densely black punctate, margin
dendroid tomentose on branchlets, petioles, and inflorescence hyaline, irregular, with a few translucent glandular cilia, apex
rachis. Branchlets angular, densely villous when young, rounded and notched. Fruit depressed globose, 5–6 mm in
glabrescent. Petiole canaliculate, 0.8–1 cm; leaf blade obovate diam., densely black punctate and punctate-lineate. Fl. Jun–Jul,
to oblanceolate, 12–19 ! 4.5–5.5 cm, papery, smooth, fr. Dec–Feb.
glabrous adaxially, reddish stellate abaxially,
* Mixed forests. Guangdong, Guangxi.
inconspicuously pellucid punctate, base cuneate, margin entire
and revolute at least basally, apex short acuminate, acumen 20. Ardisia olivacea E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 127. 1940.
5–10 mm; lateral veins 15–20 on each side of midrib,
marginal vein present. Inflorescences terminal on 榄色紫金牛 lan se zi jin niu
specialized lateral branches, paniculate, 6–7 cm, Shrubs ca. 1 m tall. Branchlets angular, 2.5–3.5 mm in
branches umbellate, rachis flexuous. Flowers unknown. diam., glabrous. Petiole canaliculate, 1–2 cm; leaf blade ob-
Pedicel 3–5 cm, recurved, minutely stellate or lanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 13–24 × 4–7 cm, mem-
puberulent. Fruiting calyx somewhat united at base, glabre- branous, densely red punctate, base cuneate, margin entire,
scent, lobes broadly ovate, to 1 mm, puberulent inside, margin apex acute to acuminate; lateral veins 10–12 on each side of
ciliate, apex acute. Fruit (immature) globose, midrib, sometimes ending in glands, marginal vein absent.
glabrous; ovules numerous, multiseriate. Fl. Apr. Inflorescences simple, subumbellate, on curved ends of slender,
* Evergreen broad-leaved forests, hillsides; leafless, brown scaly or minutely puberulent specialized lateral
200–300 m. Yunnan. branches 5–9.5 cm. Flowers unknown. Pedicel slender, 1–1.5
cm, brown scaly or puberulent. Fruiting sepals broadly ovate,
18. Ardisia porifera E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 70. 1940.
1–1.5 mm, glabrous, densely black punctate, margin entire,
细孔紫金牛 xi kong zi jin niu glabrous, apex obtuse or broadly rounded. Fruit red, globose,
ca. 6 mm in diam., inconspicuously pellucid punctate. Fr.
Subshrubs 20–30 cm tall, sometimes stoloniferous but
Nov–Dec.
without creeping rhizomes, glabrous. Branchlets terete, (3.5–)
4–5 mm in diam., red puberulent, glabrescent. * Mixed forests, hillsides. Guangxi (Napo).
Petiole marginate, 5–10 mm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 21. Ardisia hokouensis Yuen P. Yang, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin., n.
8–13 × 3–5.5 cm, leathery, dull adaxially, pale and ser. 30: 297. 1989.
obscurely pellucid punctate abaxially, base cuneate,
margin entire, subrevolute, apex broadly acute or obtuse; 粗梗紫金牛 cu geng zi jin niu
lateral veins ca. 8 on each side of midrib, slightly raised Ardisia crassipes C. Y. Wu & C. Chen (1977), not
on both surfaces, marginal vein absent. Lundell (1968).
Inflorescences racemose or subumbellate, at tips of
Shrubs or subshrubs ca. 1 m tall, without creeping rhi-
specialized lateral branches 3–7.5 cm and with 1(–3) reduced
zomes. Branchlets somewhat angular, 5–7 mm in diam., suc-
leaves. Flowers unknown. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Fruiting
culent, reddish glandular papillate, glabrescent. Petiole mar-
sepals ovate, 1.5–2 mm, puberulent, inconspicuously
ginate, 3–4 cm; leaf blade oblong-obovate, ca. 28 × 10 cm,
red punctate, margin opaque, erose, densely red
membranous, glabrous, densely black punctate-lineate and
glandular ciliate, apex acute. Pistil obturbinate; ovary
punctate, base cuneate, somewhat decurrent, margin
puberulent; ovules numerous, multiseriate. Fruit purple or
repand-crenate distally and entire near base, apex acuminate;
black, globose, ca. 5 mm in diam., longitudinally
lateral veins ca. 21 on each side of midrib, raised on both
punctate-lineate. Fl. Aug–Oct.
surfaces, marginal vein evident. Inflorescences
* Dense mixed forests. Hainan. umbellate, simple, to 10-flowered, lateral or axillary,
19. Ardisia perreticulata C. Chen, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. glabrous. Flowers membranous, pinkish, ca. 9 mm. Pedicel
58: 82. 1979. ca. 3 cm, glabrous, thickened at apex. Sepals ovate or broadly
ovate, densely punctate, margin entire, glabrous, apex rounded.
花脉紫金牛 hua mai zi jin niu Petals nearly free, broadly ovate, ca. 9 × 6 mm,
Ardisia punctata Lindley var. latifolia E. Walker. inconspicuously pellucid, margin entire, apex abruptly
acuminate. Stamens shorter than petals; filaments shorter than
Shrubs to 1 m tall, without creeping rhizomes. Branchlets anthers; anthers broadly ovate, longitudinally dehiscent, not
subterete, (3.5–)4–5 mm in diam., succulent, densely reddish punctate dorsally, apex acute. Pistil as long as petals, glabrous;
papillose-tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole canaliculate, ovary glabrous; ovules ca. 5, uniseriate. Fruit unknown. Fl.
5–7(–10) mm, densely black punctate; leaf blade oblanceolate Apr.
to obovate, (7–)9–14 × 2–5.5 cm, leathery, dull adaxially, pale
* Hillsides, roadsides; 500 m. Yunnan (Hekou).
abaxially, glabrous, densely black punctate, base broadly
cuneate, margin flat, entire, apex acuminate or acute, acumen
 Ardisia kokouensis is very closely related to A. rabilis H. R. Mixed forests, hillsides, valleys, along streams, dark damp places;
Fletcher and A. translucida H. R. Fletcher, and may prove to be 700–1600 m. Guangxi, SE Yunnan [Vietnam].
conspecific upon further study. 24. Ardisia cornudentata Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.
22. Ardisia ensifolia E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 236(Heft 9): 144. 1902.
124. 1940. 腺齿紫金牛 xian chi zi jin niu
剑叶紫金牛 jian ye zi jin niu Ardisia morrisonensis Hayata; A. remotiserrata Hayata;
Ardisia linearifolia X. W. Wei & M. Y. Xiao. A. stenosepala Hayata; A. suishaensis Hayata; Bladhia cornu-
dentata (Mez) Nakai; B. morrisonensis (Hayata) Nakai; B.
Shrubs ca. 1 m tall, without creeping rhizomes. Branch- stenosepala (Hayata) Nakai.
lets 1.5–2.5 mm in diam., glabrous, wrinkled. Petiole canali-
culate, 3–8 mm; leaf blade linear or linear-lanceolate, Shrubs ca. 2 m tall, sparsely glandular papillose-puberu-
10–12(–20) × 1(–2.5) cm, leathery, glabrous, densely lent on branchlets, petioles, and inflorescence rachis.
black punctate and punctate-lineate, base cuneate, margin Branchlets terete, 3–5 mm in diam. Petiole canaliculate,
subentire, subrevolute, apex acuminate; lateral marginate, 5–7 mm; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate or
veins numerous, inconspicuous, marginal vein obscure. oblanceolate, 7–14(–20) × 2–3.5(–5.5) cm, papery, pellucid
Inflorescences simple, subumbellate, on curved ends of punctate, minutely brown scaly abaxially, base cuneate,
specialized, leafless lateral branches 2–7 cm. Flowers decurrent, margin serrulate, punctate and with
papery, red, ca. 6 mm. Pedicel 1 (–2) cm, sparsely brown vascularized marginal nodules on teeth, apex acuminate or
scaly or minutely puberulent. Sepals elliptic, 2–3(–4) mm, acute; lateral veins up to 18 on each side of midrib, prominent,
densely punctate, glabrous, margin entire, apex obtuse. Petals marginal vein evident. Inflorescences terminal umbels,
nearly free, oblong-ovate, densely punctate, margin entire, on specialized lateral branches. Flowers papery, white,
apex obtuse. Stamens subequalling petals; filaments 4–5 mm. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm, usually densely pubescent. Sepals
shorter than anthers; anthers linear-lanceolate, broadly ovate to suborbicular, ca. 1.5 mm, densely
inconspicuously punctate dorsally, longitudinally dehiscent, punctate, margin entire, ciliate, apex rounded. Petals nearly
apex apiculate. Pistil as long as or slightly longer than petals; free, ovate, 4–5 mm, glabrous, punctate, margin entire, apex
ovary glabrous; ovules ca. 6, uniseriate. Fruit reddish, globose, acute. Stamens subequalling petals; filaments shorter than
ca. 6 mm in diam., black punctate. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Nov–Jan. anthers; anthers narrowly lanceolate, longitudinally
dehiscent, punctate dorsally, apex acute. Pistil
* Evergreen broad-leaved forests, hilly areas, deeply shaded
equaling petals; ovary glabrous, punctate; ovules
damp places; ca. 700 m. Guangxi, Yunnan.
numerous, multiseriate. Fruit red, becoming black,
23. Ardisia hypargyrea C. Y. Wu & C. Chen in C. Chen, Fl. globose, 6–8 mm in diam., punctate. Fl. Jan–Aug, fr.
Yunnan. 1: 340. 1977. Aug–Mar.
柳叶紫金牛 liu ye zi jin niu * Mixed forests, hilly areas; 0–1700 m. Taiwan.

Ardisia quinquegona Blume var. linearifolia Pitard; A. 25. Ardisia lindleyana D. Dietrich, Syn. Pl. 1: 617. 1839.
salicifolia E. Walker (1939), not A. de Candolle (1844). 山血丹 shan xue dan
Shrubs ca. 1 m tall, without creeping rhizomes. Branch- Ardisia adenopes Miau, A. kwangtungensis E. Walker; A.
lets terete, 2.5–3.5 mm in diam., brown scaly when punctata Lindley (Sep 1824), not Jack ex Wallich (Mar-Jun
young, glabrescent. Petiole marginate, 5–7 mm; leaf blade 1824); A. tsangii E. Walker; Bladhia punctata (Lindley) Nakai;
narrowly lanceolate, 6–8(–10) × 1.2(–1.5) cm, papery, Tinus punctata (Lindley) Kuntze.
glabrous, reddish brown scaly abaxially,
Shrubs 1–2 m tall, without creeping rhizomes; densely
inconspicuously red punctate, base cuneate, margin
and minutely reddish puberulent on branchlets, petioles,
entire, subrevolute, apex long acuminate, acumen
abaxial leaf surface, and inflorescence rachis. Branchlets terete,
1–2 cm; lateral veins numerous, obscure, marginal vein
ca. 2.5 mm in diam. Petiole narrowly marginate, 1–1.5 cm; leaf
obscure. Inflorescences axillary or subterminal on
blade oblong to lanceolate or oblanceolate, (7–)10–12(–18) ×
specialized lateral branches 4–13 cm, subumbellate or
(1.5–)2–3.5(–4) cm, leathery or papery, glabrous, base
cymose. Flowers papery, pink or purple-red, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel
cuneate, margin subentire or undulate, rarely
slender, ca. 1 cm, accrescent to 2.5 cm in fruit, minutely
serrate, slightly revolute, prominently punctate, with large
puberulent or brown scaly when young, glabrescent. Sepals
vascularized marginal nodules, apex acute or acuminate, rarely
deltate, to 1 mm, sparsely red punctate, brown scaly, margin
obtuse; lateral veins 8–13 on each side of midrib, slightly
entire, ciliate, apex acute. Petals nearly free, ovate, obscurely
raised adaxially, marginal vein conspicuous. Umbels on
punctate, glabrous, margin entire, apex acute. Stamens ca. 3/4
curved ends of specialized lateral branches 3–11 cm. Flowers
as long as petals; filaments shorter than anthers; anthers ovate,
papery, white, rarely pink, 5–6 mm. Pedicel 0.8–1.2 cm, to 2.5
not punctate dorsally, apex abruptly acute to apiculate. Pistil as
cm in fruit. Sepals oblong to lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 2–3
long as or longer than petals. Fruit reddish, globose, ca. 4 mm
mm, punctate, puberulent, margin entire, usually
in diam., punctate, obscurely longitudinally ribbed. Fl. May, fr.
ciliate, apex broadly acute to obtuse. Petals nearly free,
Nov–Dec.
elliptic or ovate, punctate, glabrous abaxially, yellow
glandular granulose adaxially at base, apex obtuse. Stamens Ardisia undulata Mez (1902), not C. B. Clarke (1882).
shorter than petals; filaments shorter than anthers; anthers
Shrubs 2(–5) m tall, strigose on branchlets, abaxial leaf
lanceolate, punctate dorsally, longitudinally dehiscent, apex
surface, and inflorescence branches. Branchlets terete, 3–4 mm
apiculate. Pistil subequalling petals; ovary minutely puberulent,
in diam. Petiole marginate, 5–8 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate to
punctate; ovules ca. 5, uniseriate. Fruit dark red, globose, ca.
narrowly oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate, 7–11 × 2–3 cm,
6 mm in diam., sparsely punctate, somewhat fleshy. Fl.
membranous, sparsely punctate, base cuneate, margin entire or
May–Jul, fr. Oct–Dec.
subcrenate, with vascularized marginal nodules,
Dense mixed forests, hills, valleys, along streams, dark damp apex caudate-acuminate, acumen 1–2 cm; lateral veins ca. 15
places; 300–1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, on each side of midrib, inconspicuous, marginal
Zhejiang [N Vietnam]. vein absent. Inflorescences terminal panicles of corymbs on
26. Ardisia crenata Sims, Bot. Mag. 45: pl. 1950. 1817. specialized lateral branches 30–50 cm. Flowers papery, pink,
ca. 6 mm. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Sepals oblong-ovate, 2.5–3 mm,
朱砂根 zhu sha gen epunctate, somewhat puberulent at base, margin entire, apex
acute or obtuse. Petals nearly free, oblong or ovate, epunctate,
Ardisia bicolor E. Walker; A. crenata var. bicolor (E.
densely glandular papillose adaxially at base, margin entire,
Walker) C. Y. Wu & C. Chen; A. crispa (Thunberg) A. de
apex acute. Stamens ca. 2/3 as long as petals; filaments shorter
Candolle var. taquetii H. Léveillé; A. konishii Hayata; A.
than anthers; anthers lanceolate, longitudinally
kusukusensis Hayata; A. labordei H. Léveillé; A. lentiginosa
dehiscent, punctate dorsally, apex acute. Pistil subequalling
Ker Gawler; A. linangensis C. M. Hu; A. miaoliensis S. Y. Lu;
petals; ovary glabrous; ovules 4 or 5, uniseriate. Fruit red,
Bladhia crenata (Sims) H. Hara; B. crispa Thunberg var.
globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., glabrous, punctate.
taquetii (H. Léveillé) Nakai; B. lentiginosa (Ker Gawler)
Nakai var. lanceolata Masamune. Evergreen broad-leaved forests, dark damp places, valleys;
900–1400 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [Vietnam].
Shrubs 1–1.5(–3) m tall, without creeping rhizomes,
minutely reddish glandular papillate on branchlets, abaxial 28. Ardisia merrillii E. Walker, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 351.
leaf surface, and inflorescence rachis, early 1942.
glabrescent. Branchlets terete, 3–4 mm in diam. Petiole 白花紫金牛 bai hua zi jin niu
narrowly marginate, 6–10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic,
narrowly lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 7–15 × 2–4 cm, leathery Shrubs ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets terete, 2.5–4 mm in diam.,
or papery, prominently punctate, base cuneate, margin densely and minutely reddish glandular papillate, glabrescent.
subrevolute, crenate, or undulate, with large vascularized Petiole narrowly marginate, 5–8 mm; leaf blade elliptic or
marginal nodules, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 12–18 lanceolate, 7–10 × 2–4 cm, papery or subleathery, minutely
on each side of midrib, marginal vein often hidden by reflexed reddish glandular papillate abaxially, base cuneate, margin
margin. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate or cymose, on subentire or crenulate and punctate, with marginal vascularized
specialized, 2- or 3-leaved lateral branches 4–16(–40) cm. nodules, apex acute or acuminate, acumen to 0.5 mm; lateral
Flowers membranous, white or rarely pinkish, 4–6 mm. veins 11–15 on each side of midrib, raised on both surfaces,
Pedicel 7–10 cm. Sepals oblong-ovate, 1–1.5(–2.5) mm, marginal vein absent. Panicles terminal corymb of umbels,
glabrous, punctate, margin entire, apex rounded or obtuse. minutely puberulent, on specialized lateral
Petals nearly free, ovate, punctate, glandular papillose branches 11–30 cm. Flowers membranous, hyaline, ca. 6 mm.
adaxially near base, apex acute. Stamens shorter than petals; Pedicel 6–13 mm, minutely puberulent. Sepals narrowly ovate,
filaments nearly obsolete; anthers triangular-lanceolate, 2.5–3 mm, epunctate, glabrous outside, short puberulent
punctate dorsally, longitudinally dehiscent, acute. Pistil inside, margin entire, glabrous, apex long
subequalling petals; ovary glabrous, punctate; ovules ca. 5, attentuate. Petals nearly free, ovate, 5–6 mm, epunctate,
uniseriate. Fruit red, globose, 6–8 mm in diam., punctate. Fl. glabrous, margin entire, glabrous, apex long attenuate.
May–Jun, fr. Oct–Dec. Stamens shorter than petals; filaments shorter than anthers;
anthers lanceolate, not punctate dorsally, apex acute. Pistil
Forests, hillsides, valleys, shrubby areas, dark damp places; subequalling petals; ovary glabrous; ovules ca. 5, uniseriate.
100–2400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei,
Fruit reddish, globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., sparsely punctate. Fl.
Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, SW Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [SW
India, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam].
May–Jun, fr. Oct–Dec.
Dense mixed forests, shrubby areas, hillsides; 600–1200 m.
Ardisia crenata is closely related to A. pseudocrispa Guangxi, Hainan [Vietnam].
Pitard (=A. corymbifera Mez. var. tubifera C. Chen), from which it
differs in having crenate leaves with a distinct marginal 29. Ardisia corymbifera Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.
vein. Ardisia pseudocrispa, which occurs in Guangxi and 236(Heft 9): 149. 1902.
Vietnam, has subentire leaves without a marginal vein.
伞型紫金牛 san xing zi jin niu
27. Ardisia conspersa E. Walker, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 9:
Shrubs 1–3(–5) m tall, without creeping rhizomes.
160. 1939.
Branchlets subterete, 3–5 mm in diam., reddish glandular
散花紫金牛 san hua zi jin niu papillate, early glabrescent. Petiole canaliculate, 5–8 mm,
usually sparsely papillate; leaf blade elliptic to oblanceolate,
11–13 × 2–3 cm, papery, densely punctate, glabrous or pu- Ardisia virens is extremely closely related to A. hanceana Mez.
berulent to crisped, strigose abaxially, base broadly cuneate, The separation of groups based on presence or absence of papillae on
margin entire to undulate or rarely crenate and punctate, with the inflorescence rachis and branchlets is tentative pending further
vascularized nodules, apex acuminate; lateral veins ca. 15 on study. Ardisia maculosa differs from A. virens only by minor
quantitative characters.
each side of midrib, obscure, marginal vein absent. Inflores-
cences terminal panicles of corymbs, papillate, on specialized 31. Ardisia alutacea C. Y. Wu & C. Chen in C. Chen, Fl.
lateral branches 20–40(–50) cm. Flowers papery, white or Yunnan. 1: 346. 1977.
pinkish to red, 6–8 mm. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm, papillate, glabre-
显脉紫金牛 xian mai zi jin niu
scent. Sepals ovate to elliptic, 2.5–3 mm, sparsely glandular
papillate abaxially, glabrescent, densely black punctate, Shrubs 0.4–1.5 m tall. Branchlets terete, 1–2 mm in diam.,
margin entire, glabrous, apex obtuse. Petals very sparsely bifurcate glandular puberulent, early glabrescent.
nearly free, broadly ovate, densely black punctate, sparsely Petiole canaliculate, 8–10 mm; leaf blade elliptic, lanceolate,
glandular granulose adaxially at base, margin entire, apex or obovate, 8–12.5 × 3–4.5 cm, leathery, glabrous, base
acute. Stamens ca. 2/3 as long as petals; filaments shorter than cuneate, margin shallowly crenate, with vascularized nodules,
anthers; anthers ovate or broadly lanceolate, longitudinally abaxially with reddish bifurcate glandular trichomes, pellucid
dehiscent, densely punctate dorsally, apex acute. Pistil punctate, apex acute; lateral veins 7–9 on each side of midrib,
subequal to petals; ovary punctate, glabrous; ovules ca. 5, prominent, marginal vein evident. Inflorescences compound
uniseriate. Fruit reddish, globose, ca. 8 mm in diam., minutely cymose, at tips of specialized lateral branches 5–11 cm,
punctate. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Nov–Jan. subglabrous. Flowers papery, purplish red, 7–9 mm. Pedicel
1.5–2 cm, somewhat dilated at apex, punctate. Sepals broadly
Evergreen broad-leaf and mixed forests, hillsides and scrub;
ovate, 1.3–1.5 mm, densely black punctate, margin entire,
300–1800 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [Vietnam].
glabrous, apex obtuse. Petals nearly free, subdeltate, 8–9 mm,
30. Ardisia virens Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 575. 1877. glabrous, densely black punctate, margin entire, apex
acuminate. Stamens shorter than petals; filaments obsolete;
钮子果 niu zi guo
anthers lanceolate-ovate, punctate especially dorsally. Pistil as
Ardisia flaviflora C. Chen & D. Fang; A. maculosa Mez; long as petals, glabrous; ovary punctate; ovules ca. 6,
A. maculosa var. symplocifolia C. Chen; A. oldhamii Mez; A. uniseriate. Fruit purplish red, globose, ca. 8 mm in diam.,
patens Mez; A. radians Hemsley & Mez; A. rectangularis sparsely punctate; persistent sepals covering base of fruit. Fl.
Hayata; A. stellifera Pitard; A. tonkinensis Aug. de Candolle; A. May–Jun, fr. Dec.
virens var. annamensis Pitard; Blahdia oldhamii (Mez) * Dense mixed forests, valleys, dark damp places; 800–1700 m.
Masamune; B. radians (Hemsley & Mez) Masamune; Tinus SE Yunnan.
virens (Kurz) Kuntze.
32. Ardisia shweliensis W. W. Smith, Not. Roy. Bot. Gard.
Shrubs or small trees, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets subterete, Edinburgh 12: 194. 1920.
1–2 mm in diam., sparsely glandular papillate, early glabres-
瑞丽紫金牛 rui li zi jin niu
cent. Petiole canaliculate, 1(–1.5) cm; leaf blade elliptic, lan-
ceolate, or obovate, 9–26 × 2.5–5(–7) cm, papery, dull, Shrubs 1–2 m tall, without creeping rhizomes, rusty scaly
glabrous or sometimes sparsely and minutely glandular papil- on branchlets, abaxial leaf surface and inflorescence rachis.
late abaxially, base cuneate, margin crisped or undulate, with Branchlets semiterete, 5–7 mm in diam. Petiole canaliculate,
vascularized nodules, densely black punctate, apex acute to 1–1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong or elliptic, 8–15 × 4–5 cm,
subacuminate; lateral veins 15–30 on each side of membranous, densely black punctate and punctate-lineate,
midrib, marginal vein evident. Inflorescences terminal especially abaxially, base cuneate, margin
compound umbels, glabrous, on specialized lateral branches undulate-crisped or subentire, punctate, with a few
(15–)30–50 cm. Flowers papery, white or pink, 7–8 mm. vascularized marginal nodules, apex acuminate; lateral veins
Pedicel 1.5–3 cm, sparsely glandular papillate in bud, early ca. 15 on each side of midrib, marginal vein absent.
glabrescent. Sepals ovate to elliptic, subrounded, 2.5–3.5 mm, Inflorescences terminal, paniculate, branches cymose, on
together with petals densely black punctate, glabrous abaxially, specialized, 2- or 3-leaved lateral branches 7–11(–14) cm.
sparsely glandular granulose adaxially at base. Petals nearly Flowers membranous, white, ca. 7 mm. Pedicel 1–1.3 cm,
free, ovate or broadly ovate, apex acute. Stamens subequalling clavate, glabrous. Sepals ovate or elliptic, 1.2–2 mm, punctate,
petals; filaments shorter than anthers; anthers lanceolate or margin entire, glabrous, apex broadly obtuse or rounded. Petals
subovate, longitudinally dehiscent, punctate dorsally, apex nearly free, ovate or narrowly ovate, margin entire,
apiculate. Pistil subequalling petals; ovary punctate, glabrous; inconspicuously punctate, apex acute. Stamens ca. 3/4 as long
ovules ca. 5, multiseriate. Fruit red or blackish red, globose, as petals; filaments much shorter than anthers; anthers
7–9(–10) mm in diam., densely black punctate. Fl. May–Jul, fr. lanceolate, longitudinally dehiscent, not punctate dorsally,
Oct–Mar. apex apiculate. Pistil subequalling petals; ovary glabrous;
ovules ca. 6, uniseriate. Fruit red, globose, ca. 7 mm in diam.,
Dense evergreen broad-leaved forests, hillsides, dark damp
pellucid punctate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Nov–Dec.
places, valleys, humus-rich soils; 300–2700 m. Guangxi, Guizhou,
Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Mixed forests, hillsides, damp places; 1700–2300 m. SW
Vietnam]. Yunnan [India].
33. Ardisia malipoensis C. M. Hu, Bot. J. South China 1: 8. Ardisia aquifolioides W. Z. Fang & K. Yao; A. crassirhiza
1992. Z. X. Li & F. W. Xing ex C. M. Hu; A. nervosa E. Walker
(1940), not H. R. Fletcher (1937).
麻栗坡罗伞 ma li po luo san
Shrubs ca. 2 m tall, glabrous. Branchlets angular, 1–1.5
Shrubs ca. 40 cm, densely and minutely rusty scaly on mm in diam., reddish glandular papillate. Petiole canaliculate,
branchlets, petioles, abaxial leaf surface, and inflorescence 3–5 mm; leaf blade elliptic, oblanceolate, or rarely obovate,
rachis. Branchlets subterete, 1–2 mm in diam. Petiole mar- 10–17 × 3–6 cm, leathery, glabrous, base cuneate, margin
ginate, 5–8 mm; leaf blade elliptic or oblanceolate, 6–11 × somewhat undulate with vascularized nodules, apex acute or
2.5–4 cm, papery, inconspicuously pellucid punctate, base subacuminate; lateral veins numerous, raised on both surfaces,
cuneate, margin glabrous, crenulate to subentire, with vas- marginal vein conspicuous. Inflorescences
cularized nodules, apex acuminate, acumen to 0.6 cm; lateral terminal, simple or compound subumbellate, on specialized
veins 5–8 on each side of midrib, marginal vein prominently lateral branches 8–20 cm and with 2 or 3 subapical leaves.
raised. Inflorescences cymose panicles of umbels, 3.5–6 cm, Flowers papery, pink, purplish, or white, 5–6 mm. Pedicel ca. 1
on 2- or 3-leaved lateral branches. Flowers papery, pinkish mm, punctate at least when young. Sepals broadly ovate to
purple, 8–10 mm. Pedicel 5–9 mm. Sepals ovate or elliptic, suborbicular, 3.8–4 mm, densely orange punctate, glabrous,
3.5–4 mm, densely black punctate, margin entire, opaque, base auriculate, margin entire, scarious, apex rounded or
glabrous, apex rounded. Petals nearly free, ovate, obtuse. Petals nearly free, ovate, densely punctate, densely
densely black punctate, glabrous, margin entire, opaque, glandular granulose adaxially, glabrous abaxially,
glabrous, apex obtuse or rounded. Stamens ca. 2/3 as long as margin entire, opaque, apex obtuse. Stamens subequalling
petals; filaments subobsolete; anthers lanceolate, 1.8–2 mm, petals; filaments much shorter than anthers; anthers lanceolate,
longitudinally dehiscent, dorsally punctate, apex attenuate. longitudinally dehiscent, epunctate or inconspicuously
Pistil subequalling petals; ovary ovoid, glabrous; ovules 6–8, punctate dorsally, apex apiculate. Pistil subequalling petals;
uniseriate. Fruit globose, 4–6 mm in diam. Fl. May, fr. Dec. ovary glabrous, punctate; ovules ca. 9, uniseriate. Fruit red,
* Mixed forests, hillsides; 1500–1700 m. SE Yunnan. globose, ca. 9 mm in diam., densely punctate. Fl. Jan–Jul, fr.
Jul–Jan.
34. Ardisia hanceana Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV 236(Heft
9): 149. 1902. * Dense broad-leaved forests, hillsides, scrub, open fields,
valleys, damp places, along streams; 100–1800 m. Hainan.
大罗伞树 da luo san shu
36. Ardisia pubivenula E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 146.
Ardisia elegantissima H. Léveillé; A. impressa H. R. 1940.
Fletcher; A. thorelii Pitard.
毛脉紫金牛 mao mai zi jin niu
Shrubs 1–3 m tall, glabrous. Branchlets terete, 3–5 mm in
Subshrubs to 0.5 m, stoloniferous. Stems terete, 3–5 mm
diam. Petiole canaliculate, narrowly winged, 1–1.3 cm; leaf
in diam., reddish villous-tomentose. Petiole canaliculate, 4–10
blade elliptic, oblanceolate, or rarely ovate, 9–12(–15) × 2.5–4
cm, densely reddish villous or villous-tomentose; leaf blade
cm, leathery, punctate, sometimes sparsely pitted abaxially,
broadly ovate or elliptic, (6–)10–15 × 3–7.5 cm,
base cuneate and decurrent, margin crenate or subentire, with
papery, densely villous-tomentose abaxially,
vascularized nodules, epunctate, apex acute or acuminate;
glabrescent, bullate adaxially, base broadly rounded or
lateral veins 12–15 on each side of midrib, marginal vein
subcordate, margin finely serrate with apiculate reflexed teeth,
obscure. Inflorescences terminal corymbose
apex broadly acute; lateral veins 8–12 on each side of midrib,
panicles of umbels, on specialized lateral branches 30–50
at acute angles to midrib, marginal vein absent. Inflorescences
cm. Flowers membranous, pink, rarely red or white,
lateral, in axils of bracts, racemose, ca. 3 cm, puberulent.
(5–)6–7(–8) mm. Pedicel 1–2 cm, glabrous. Sepals lanceolate,
Flowers unknown. Pedicel ca. 8 mm, slender,
2.3–2.5 mm, epunctate, margin glabrous, entire, apex
puberulent. Fruiting sepals broadly ovate, ca. 1.5 mm,
acute or obtuse. Petals united at base, broadly ovate,
puberulent, obscurely punctate, margin ciliate, apex obtuse.
epunctate, sparsely glandular granulose adaxially near base,
Fruit red, globose, 6–7 mm in diam., minutely puberulent,
margin entire, glabrous, apex acute or obtuse. Stamens ca. 2/3
punctate. Fr. Dec–Feb.
as long as petals; filaments much shorter than anthers; anthers
ovate or lanceolate, longitudinally dehiscent, not punctate, * Broad-leaved forests, hillsides, moist places, along streams; ca.
apex acute. Pistil subequalling petals; ovary glabrous; ovules 800 m. Guangxi, Hainan.
ca. 5, uniseriate. Fruit dull red or black, globose, 8–10(–12) 37. Ardisia replicata E. Walker, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 9:
mm in diam., pellucid punctate. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Dec–Apr. 169. 1939.
Mixed forests, hillsides, valleys, along streams, dark damp places; 卷边紫金牛 juan bian zi jin niu
ca. 1300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi,
Zhejiang [Vietnam]. Shrubs 20(–100) cm tall, stoloniferous. Stems terete, 3–4
mm in diam., densely reddish villous or villous-tomentose.
35. Ardisia crassinervosa E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 86.
Petiole canaliculate, 2–6 cm, densely villous; leaf blade ovate
1940.
to elliptic, 10–16 × 5–8 cm, minutely rusty puberulent especi-
粗脉紫金牛 cu mai zi jin niu ally on veins when young, glabrescent adaxially, base rounded,
margin serrulate with apiculate teeth reflexed when dry, apex in panicles, 5.5–7.5 cm. Flowers pink, ca. 4 mm, pink. Pedicel
broadly acute; midrib blackish villous or pubescent abaxially; 3–8 mm, rusty pubescent. Sepals ovate, ca. 2 mm, sparsely
lateral veins 8–13(–15) on each side of midrib, marginal vein rusty puberulent, punctate, margin sparsely ciliate, apex acute.
evident. Inflorescences subumbellate, grouped in racemes or Petals broadly ovate, glabrous, all densely punctate, apex
panicles 5–7 cm; puduncle rusty pubescent; bracts subulate, ca. obtuse. Stamens shorter than petals; anthers ovate or broadly
8 mm. Flowers pinkish, ca. 4 mm. Pedicel ca. 6 mm. Sepals lanceolate, with or without glands dorsally. Ovary densely
elliptic-ovate or ovate, 1–1.5 mm, ± punctate, glabrous or puberulent; ovules ca. 6, uniseriate. Fruit unknown. Fl. May.
puberulent, margin ciliate, apex acute or obtuse. Petals ovate, * Broad-leaved forests, valleys; 900–1000 m. SE Yunnan.
glabrous, punctate, apex acute or obtuse. Stamens ca. 2/3 as
long as petals; anthers lanceolate, apiculate, not punctate 40. Ardisia dasyrhizomatica C. Y. Wu & C. Chen in C. Chen,
dorsally. Ovary pubescent. Fruit dull reddish, globose, ca. 6 Fl. Yunnan. 1: 358. 1977.
mm in diam., without glands or obscurely punctate, pubescent. 粗茎紫金牛 cu jing zi jin niu
Fl. Jun–Jul.
Shrubs subsucculent, ca. 50 cm tall, stoloniferous,
Dense broad-leaved forests, hilly areas, shady damp places; glabrous. Stems terete, 7–10 mm in diam., minutely glandular
700–1400 m. SE Yunnan [Vietnam].
granulose, early glabrescent. Leaves pseudoverticillate; cata-
38. Ardisia scalarinervis E. Walker, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: phylls present, 1.6–2.5 cm; petiole deeply marginate, ca. 2 cm,
477. 1931. crisp winged; leaf blade broadly elliptic-obovate or obovate,
23–35 × 11–16 cm, membranous, minutely puberulent,
梯脉紫金牛 ti mai zi jin niu
sparsely punctate, base cuneate, decurrent, margin subrevolute,
Subshrubs stoloniferous, to 50 cm tall. Stems decumbent, pectinate-dentate, teeth apiculate, apex obtuse; lateral veins ca.
somewhat angular, 3–4 mm in diam., densely reddish 15 on each side of midrib, arcuate, curving distally from midrib
stramineous long villous-tomentose. Leaves clustered at stem to margin, marginal vein inconspicuous. Inflorescences
apex; petiole marginate, 1–4 cm, densely blackish or rusty axillary, racemes or panicles of umbels, 8–9 cm. Flowers 3–4
tomentose or villous; leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate, mm. Pedicel 1 cm or longer, puberulent. Sepals ovate, ca. 1.5
20–30 × 7–8 cm, papery, sparsely raised punctate near margin mm, united 1/3 their length or less, glabrescent, ± punctate,
and apex, glabrous adaxially, sparsely and minutely puberulent margin sparsely ciliate, apex acute or obtuse. Petals
abaxially, densely hispid-villous and rusty crisped hairy along nearly free, broadly elliptic or ovate, prominently black
midrib, base obtuse, margin serrulate with apiculate teeth, apex punctate, margin entire, apex obtuse or subrounded. Stamens
acute or subacuminate; lateral veins 25 or more on each side of shorter than petals; filaments obsolete; anthers lanceolate or
midrib, marginal vein present. Inflorescences axillary, ovate, minutely punctate, apex acute. Pistil slightly shorter
compound umbellate, ca. 3 cm, villous; umbels ca. than petals; ovary puberulent; ovules numerous, in 3 series.
7-flowered. Flowers ca. 4 mm. Pedicel ca. 1.5 cm. Fruit unknown. Fl. Apr–May.
Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, rusty puberulent, not * Dense evergreen broad-leaved forests; ca. 100 m. SE Yunnan
punctate, margin minutely ciliate, apex acute. Petals ovate or (Hekou).
oblong-ovate, glabrous, punctate, apex acute. Stamens shorter
41. Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906:
than petals; anthers ovate, not punctate dorsally, apex acute or
74. 1906.
submucronate. Ovary hairy. Fruit red or blackish, globose, 5–7
mm in diam., not punctate, minutely puberulent or glabrous. Fr. 走马胎 zou ma tai
Feb–Apr.
Ardisia, perpendicularis E. Walker; A.
* Broad-leaved forests, valleys, dark and moist places; pseudoverticillata Merrill; Chloranthus kiangsiensis Metcalf.
1100–1600 m. S Yunnan.
Shrubs or subshrubs stoloniferous, 1–1.5(–3) m tall.
39. Ardisia pingbienensis Yuen P. Yang in Yuen P. Yang & Branchlets angular, ca. 5 mm in diam., papillose puberulent
Dwyer, Taiwania 34: 270. 1989. when young, glabrescent. Leaves pseudoverticillate; petiole
长穗紫金牛 chang sui zi jin niu 2–4 cm, with narrow crisp wing; leaf blade elliptic to obovate
or oblanceolate, 25–48 × 5–19 cm, membranous, prominently
Ardisia longipedunculata C. Y. Wu & C. Chen (1977), punctate, glabrous or minutely puberulent along veins abaxi-
not King & Gamble (1906). ally, base cuneate, margin flat, pectinate-dentate, teeth apicu-
Subshrubs stoloniferous, to 0.5 m. Stems decumbent; late, apex obtuse to subacuminate; lateral veins 15–20 on each
branchlets terete, 5–7 mm in diam., densely rusty villous, side of midrib, marginal vein absent. Inflorescences terminal
glabrescent. Petiole canaliculate, broadly marginate, 3.5–7.5 or rarely axillary, pyramidal,
cm, densely rusty villous; leaf blade broadly elliptic, 15–18 × racemose-paniculate group of subumbels 20–35 × ca. 10
7.5–8.5 cm, papery, glabrous or midrib hairy adaxially, densely cm, glabrous or minutely puberulent. Flowers papery, white or
rusty-villous, especially on veins abaxially, base broadly pinkish, 4–5 mm. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm, slender. Sepals subdeltate
cuneate or subrounded, margin pectinate-dentate, teeth apicu- or ovate, 1.5–2 mm, sparsely puberulent, prominently punctate,
late, punctate, apex acuminate; lateral veins ca. 28 on each side margin entire, glabrous, apex acute. Petals nearly free, ovate,
of midrib, usually at right angles to midrib, marginal vein sparsely punctate, margin entire, glabrous, apex acute.
obscure. Inflorescences axillary near stem apex, subumbellate Stamens ca. 2/3 as long as petals; filaments obsolete; anthers
ovate, not punctate dorsally, apex apiculate. Pistil subequalling apex acute to subacuminate apically; lateral veins 8–13 on each
petals; ovary subglabrous or puberulent; ovules uniseriate. side of midrib, marginal vein obscure. Inflorescences axillary,
Fruit reddish, globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., glabrous, paniculate, branches cymose, 5(–11) cm. Flowers papery,
longitudinally striate, sparsely punctate. Fl. Apr–Jul, white, becoming pinkish, 4–5 mm. Pedicel 3–5 mm, to 1 cm in
fr. Oct–Dec. fruit, puberulent. Sepals ovate, 1.6–2 mm, minutely puberulent
Broad-leaved forests, hillsides, valleys, moist ravines, stream
abaxially near base, prominently punctate, margin entire,
banks, shady damp places; 1000–1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, glabrous, apex broadly acute to obtuse. Stamens sub-
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Yunnan [Indonesia, Malaysia, equalling petals; filaments obsolete; anthers
Thailand, Vietnam]. lanceolate, punctate dorsally, apex apiculate. Pistil shorter
than petals; ovary puberulent; ovules 4 or 5, uniseriate. Fruit
Ardisia maingayi may belong here. While its type has smaller
red, globose, 4–8 mm in diam., long punctate, puberulent,
leaves, inflorescences, and petioles, no qualitative feature has been
found to separate it from A. gigantifolia. It is possible that the type
glabrescent.
represents diminutive forms or individuals flowering precociously. Dense evergreen broad-leaved forests, moist ravines, stream
banks; 1000–1500 m. SE Yunnan [Vietnam].
42. Ardisia ramondiiformis Pitard in Lecomte, Fl.
Indo-Chine 3: 812. 1930. 44. Ardisia purpureovillosa C. Y. Wu & C. Chen ex C. M. Hu,
Acta Bot. Austro-Sin. 6: 29. 1990.
梯脉紫金牛 ti mai zi jin niu
紫脉紫金牛 zi mai zi jin niu
Subshrubs to shrubs, stoloniferous, 50–70 cm. Branchlets
terete, succulent, 7–10 mm in diam., hirsute-tomentose with Shrubs 0.5–2 m tall. Branchlets angular, 3–3.5 mm in
simple stramineous hairs. Leaves diam., subsucculent, densely crisped reddish
pseudoverticillate; petiole deeply canaliculate, broadly hirtellous-tomentose, glandular trichomes uniseriate,
winged by decurrent blade, up to 2 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate multicellular. Leaves pseudoverticillate; petiole marginate,
or obovate, rarely elliptic, 20–40 × 6–12.6 cm, papery, base 1–1.5 cm, not winged; leaf blade lanceolate or
attenuate or cuneate, margin pectinate-dentate, teeth apiculate, elliptic-lanceolate, rarely obovate, 15–22(–25) !
apex broadly acute or obtuse; midrib hirsute adaxially when 3.8–5(–8) cm, membranous, glossy adaxially, densely red
young, glabrescent, stramineous hirsute abaxially; lateral veins punctate in areolae, subglabrous or sparsely puberulent
ca. 25–35 on each side of midrib, marginal vein absent. especially abaxially, base cuneate, decurrent, margin serrate,
Inflorescences axillary panicles, branches in umbels, ca. 10 cm, apex acuminate; lateral veins ca. 18 on each side of midrib,
appressed long hirsute and puberulent. Flowers papery, pink or marginal vein obscure. Inflorescences compound um-
red, 3–4 mm. Pedicel 5–8(–10) mm, reddish hirsute. Sepals bellate, densely tomentose, terminal on lateral branches
ovate, 1.3–1.5 mm, puberulent, punctate, margin ciliate, apex 6–10(–12) cm and with 2 or 3 small lanceolate leaves. Flowers
acute. Petals nearly free, broadly elliptic or ovate, black papery, pinkish or reddish purple, 5–7 mm. Pedicel 7–12 mm,
punctate, glabrous, margin entire, apex obtuse or densely tomentose. Sepals lanceolate, 2.3–2.5 mm, densely
rounded. Stamens subequalling petals; filaments tomentose abaxially, glabrous adaxially, red punctate, margin
obsolete; anthers ovate, not punctate dorsally, apex entire, long ciliate. Petals nearly free, broadly ovate, minutely
acute. Pistil subequalling petals; ovary puberulent; punctate, margin entire, glabrous, apex acute or obtuse.
ovules 4–5(–7), uniseriate. Fruit red, globose, 7–8 mm Stamens somewhat shorter than petals; filaments obsolete;
in diam., pubescent, pellucid punctate. Fl. Apr, fr. anthers broadly ovate, longitudinally dehiscent, not
Dec. punctate dorsally, apex apiculate. Pistil subequalling petals;
Dense broad-leaved forests, hillsides, valleys, dark damp places, ovary glabrous or puberulent; ovules 8–12, biseriate. Fruit
along streams, rock crevices. Hainan [Vietnam]. globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., tomentose, glabrescent, punctate.
Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Nov.
Yang & Dwyer (Taiwania 34: 281. 1989) reported that Ardisia
silvestris Pitard occurs in China, based on How 72037. An examination * Evergreen broad-leaved forests, limestone hillsides, valleys,
of type material of A. ramondiiformis and A. silvestris reveals that the moist places; 600–1800 m. Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan.
entity in China belongs to the former species.
45. Ardisia ordinata E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 137. 1940.
43. Ardisia balansana Yuen P. Yang in Yuen P. Yang &
轮叶紫金牛 lun ye zi jin niu
Dwyer, Taiwania 34: 245. 1989.
束花紫金牛 shu hua zi jin niu Subshrubs to 50 cm, with creeping rhizome, appressed
rusty tomentose on branchlets, petioles, leaf veins, sepals, and
Subshrubs 25–50(–100) cm, long stoloniferous. Stems pedicels. Branchlets terete, 2–3 mm in diam. Leaves pseudo-
glabrous or puberulent. Leaves alternate or pseudoverticillate; verticillate; petiole canaliculate, 1–2 cm; leaf blade papery,
petiole marginate, narrowly winged, 8–10 mm; leaf blade 6–9 × 2.5–4.5 cm, base obtuse to rounded, progressively less
broadly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, 8–11(–20) × tomentose from midrib to tertiaries, conspicuously punctate,
4–5.5 (–7) cm, papery, obscurely pellucid punctate, glabrous dull adaxially, margin finely serrate, apiculate. Inflorescences
adaxially, sparsely minutely puberulent or reddish glandular lateral on internodes, subumbellate, few flowered, 0.8–2 cm,
papillate abaxially especially along midrib and lateral veins, rusty strigose; bracts lanceolate to linear, 1–2 mm. Flowers
base cuneate, decurrent, margin finely serrate, teeth apiculate, unknown. Pedicel ca. 5 mm, strigose. Fruiting sepals ovate, ca.
1.5 mm, ciliate, punctate, apex acute. Immature fruit purple or 48. Ardisia faberi Hemsley in F. B. Forbes & Hemsley, J.
reddish, puberulent. Fl. Jun, fr. Feb. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 64. 1889.
* Dense woods. Hainan (Loktung). 月月红 yue yue hong
46. Ardisia japonica (Thunberg) Blume, Bijdr. 690. 1826. Ardisia castaneifolia H. Léveillé (1911), not Mez (1902);
紫金牛 zi jin niu A. cavaleriei H. Léveillé; A. faberi var. oblanceifolia C. Chen;
Tinus faberi (Hemsley) Kuntze.
Bladhia japonica Thunberg, Nov. Gen. Pl. 1: 7. 1792;
Shrubs or subshrubs, stoloniferous. Stems 15–30 cm,
Tinus japonica (Thunberg) Kuntze.
densely rusty crisped villous. Leaves opposite or whorled;
Subshrubs stoloniferous. Stems 20–30(–40) cm, minutely petiole 3–8 mm, densely crisped villous; leaf blade ovate- to
puberulent when young, glabrescent. Leaves opposite or lanceolate-elliptic or oblanceolate, 5–10 × 1.8–4 cm, papery,
subwhorled; petiole 6–10 mm, minutely puberulent; leaf blade not glandular, crisped villous, base cuneate, margin coarsely
elliptic to elliptic-obovate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 4–7 × 1.5–4 serrate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 5–9 on each side;
cm, papery to subleathery, base cuneate, margin serrulate, ± marginal veins absent. Inflorescences in axils of whorled
punctate, apex acute; lateral veins 5–8 on each side of midrib, leaves or alternate subulate bracts, subumbellate, few flowered,
veinlets prominently reticulate. Inflorescences axillary or hirsute; peduncle 1.5–2.5 cm. Pedicel 7–10 mm,
subterminal, subumbellate, 3–5-flowered, puberulent; crisped villous. Flowers white to pinkish, 4–5(–6) mm. Sepals
peduncle ca. 5 mm, slender; bracts lanceolate, ca. linear-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, densely villous. Petals broadly
1 mm, puberulent or ciliate. Flowers pink or white, 5(or ovate, ± glandular, glabrous, apex acute or obtuse. Stamens ca.
6)-merous, 4(–5) mm. Pedicel 7–10 mm, usually curved, 2/3 length of petals; anthers ovate, apiculate, not glandular on
puberulent. Sepals ovate, to 1.5 mm, sometimes punctate, back. Ovary glabrous; ovules 5, in 1 series. Fruit red, globose,
glabrous, margin ciliate, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate. ca. 6 mm in diam., not punctate, glabrous or puberulent. Fl.
Petals broadly ovate, 4(–5) mm, densely punctate, apex acute. May–Jul, fr. Nov–Jan.
Stamens shorter than petals; anthers lanceolate-ovate or ovate,
* Mixed forests, valleys, along streams, roadsides, rock crevices,
punctate dorsally, apex acute. Ovary glabrous; ovules ca. 15, in dark damp places; 1000–1300 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
3 series. Fruit red becoming blackish, globose, 5–6 mm in Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan.
diam., ± punctate, glabrous, smooth. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Nov–Jan.
49. Ardisia maclurei Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 351. 1922.
Mixed forests or bamboo woods, hillsides, dark damp places; to
1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, 心叶紫金牛 xin ye zi jin niu
Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan,
Korea]. Ardisia sciophila T. Suzuki; Bladhia sciophila (T. Suzuki)
Nakai.
47. Ardisia pusilla A. de Candolle, Trans. Linn. Soc., London
17: 126. 1834. Subshrubs stoloniferous. Stems 4–15 cm, densely rusty
crisped villous when young, glabrescent. Leaves alternate,
九节龙 jiu jie long rarely almost whorled; petiole 0.5–2.5 cm, rusty pilose; leaf
Shrubs or subshrubs, stoloniferous. Stems 15–40 cm, blade ovate- or oblong-elliptic, 4–6 × 2.5–4 cm, papery,
1.5–2(–3) mm in diam. Leaves opposite or whorled; petiole densely pilose, base cordate, margin irregularly serrate, ciliate,
3–8 mm, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic or obovate, 2.5–6 cm, apex acute to obtuse; lateral veins ca. 6 on each side of midrib,
papery, sparsely punctate, strigose adaxially, pubescent and prominent, ending in teeth. Inflorescences subterminal, 1 or 2,
villous abaxially, base cuneate or subrounded, margin serrate subumbellate, rusty-villous, 4–6-flowered; peduncle
or denticulate, apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse; lateral veins 1.3–4 cm; bracts linear to narrowly lanceolate, 3–5 mm, ciliate
5–9 on each side of midrib, conspicuous, marginal vein or pilose. Flowers purplish or reddish, ca. 4 mm. Pedicel
obscure. Inflorescences simple, lateral, umbellate, pubescent slender, 3–6 mm. Sepals lanceolate, as long as petals, rusty
and hirsute or villous; peduncle 1–3.5 cm. Flowers white or villous, not punctate, margin ciliate, apex acuminate. Petals
pinkish to reddish, (3–)4 mm. Pedicel slender, ca. 6 mm. Sepals ovate, glabrous, not punctate, apex acuminate. Stamens
linear- or subulate-lanceolate, pilose and villous, slightly shorter than petals; anthers ovate, not punctate dorsally,
punctate. Petals broadly ovate, punctate, apex acute or apex acute. Ovary glabrous; ovules 8–10, in 2 series. Fruit dark
obtuse. Stamens to subequalling petals; anthers ovate, punctate reddish, globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., not punctate, glabrous. Fl.
dorsally, acute and somewhat apiculate. Ovary glabrous; ovules May–Jun, fr. Dec–Mar.
5 or 6, uniseriate. Fruit reddish, globose, 5–6 mm in diam., * Dense broad-leaved forests, hillsides, valleys, along streams,
punctate, glabrous or puberulent. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Dec. rock crevices, dark damp places; 200–900 m. Guangdong, Guangxi,
Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan.
Dense mixed forests, hilly areas, roadsides, along streams, shady
damp places, rock crevices; 200–700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, 50. Ardisia villosa Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 274. 1824.
Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan [Japan, Korea, Malaysia,
Philippines].
雪下红 xue xia hong
 Ardisia dumetosa Tutcher; A. trichocarpa Merrill; A. Subshrubs, rusty pilose throughout, with woody rhizomes.
villosa var. ambovestita E. Walker; A. villosa var. latifolia E. Leaves 4 or 5, alternate or forming a rosette; petiole 5–10 mm,
Walker; A. villosa var. oblanceolata E. Walker. densely pilose; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-obovate, 6–12(–17)
× 3–5(–10) cm, papery, long ciliate, minutely punctate, base
Shrubs 1(–3) m tall, stoloniferous, blackish or rusty
rounded, margin sparsely and obscurely crenate, apex broadly
villous or hirsute almost throughout, glabrescent. Petiole 5–10
acute or obtuse; lateral veins ca. 6 on each side of midrib,
mm; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate to ovate or oblanceolate,
conspicuous, ending in marginal glands. Inflorescences 1 or
5–15 × 1.2–5 cm, papery, densely punctate especially abaxially,
2 in center of rosette, subumbellate or cymose, densely
base cuneate, decurrent, margin subentire, undulate, crenate, or
pilose; peduncle 3–5.5(–19) cm. Flowers reddish, 4–6
serrate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins ca. 15 on each
mm. Pedicel 6–8 cm, densely rusty pilose. Sepals
side of midrib, raised on both sides, marginal vein interrupted.
oblong-lanceolate, subequalling petals, punctate,
Inflorescences simple or compound umbellate, rusty
sparsely covered with long crisp hairs outside,
villous, on leafy or leafless specialized branches
glabrous within, margin ciliate, apex acute. Petals
2–15 (–20) cm. Flowers lavender or pink, rarely white, to 8
broadly ovate, sparsely punctate, glabrous. Stamens
mm. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Sepals oblong-lanceolate or
shorter than petals; anthers lanceolate, acute,
ligulate, densely punctate, densely villous outside,
sparsely punctate dorsally. Ovary sparsely puberulent;
pubescent inside, apex obtuse. Petals ovate to broadly
ovules 3 or 4, uniseriate. Fruit red, 4–6 mm in diam.,
lanceolate, glabrous, punctate, apex acute.
somewhat fleshy, punctate, pubescent or glabrescent.
Stamens nearly as long as petals; anthers lanceolate,
Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Nov–May.
acute, punctate dorsally. Ovary glabrescent or puberulent;
ovules ca. 5, uniseriate. Fruit dark red or blackish, globose, 6–7 Dense mixed forests, hillsides, dark damp places; 600–1400 m.
mm in diam., hirsute or villous, punctate. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi,
Feb–Jul. Yunnan [Vietnam].

Evergreen broad-leaved forests, mountain slopes, roadsides, rock

53. Ardisia omissa C. M. Hu, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 3(4): 13.
crevices, damp places; 500–1500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, 1995.
Taiwan, Yunnan [Malaysia]. 光萼紫金牛 guang e zi jin niu
51. Ardisia brevicaulis Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 519. 1900. Subshrubs evergreen. Stems often simple, 1.5–6(–10) cm,
九管血 jiu guan xue glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged, subrosulate; petiole 3–4
mm, pubescent; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, rarely
Ardisia bodinieri H. Léveillé; A. citrifolia Hayata; obovate-elliptic, (6–)8–16.5 × 2.5–6 cm, papery, with apressed
Bladhia brevicaulis (Diels) Migo; B. citrifolia (Hayata) Nakai. hairs ca. 0.6 mm chiefly near margin, base broadly cuneate to
obtuse, margin sparsely crenate, glandular, apex obtuse to
Subshrubs stoloniferous. Stems 10–15 cm, puberulent
subrounded; lateral veins 6–10 per side, prominent abaxially,
when young. Petiole 1–1.5(–2) cm, puberulent; leaf blade
at ca. 60° to midrib. Inflorescences axillary, subumbellate,
narrowly ovate to elliptic or suboblong, 7–14(–18) ×
2–4-flowered; peduncle scapelike, 2–4(–5) cm, rusty
2.5–4.8(–6) cm, papery, glabrous adaxially, puberulent
pubescent; bracts oblong, 5–6 mm, pubescent near base, obtuse
abaxially, base cuneate, margin entire, reflexed, obscurely
to ± acute; bracteoles 1–2(–3) mm, red punctate. Calyx ca. 3
punctate, apex obtuse to rounded; lateral veins (7–)10–13 on
mm, divided to base; lobes oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, red
each side of midrib, at almost right angles to midrib, marginal
punctate, apex obtuse. Corolla rose, tube ca. 0.6 mm; lobes nar-
vein evident. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate, simple, on
rowly ovate, ca. 4 × 1.6–2 mm, sparsely punctate. Filaments ca.
curved ends of specialized, puberulent, 1- or 2-leaved lateral
0.4 mm; anthers lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, apiculate. Ovary
branches 2–5 cm. Flowers pink, 4–5 mm. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm.
glabrous; ovules uniseriate, 4 or 5 per placenta. Style ca. 3 mm.
Sepals lanceolate or ovate, ca. 2 mm, sometimes puberulent
Drupe globose, 4–5 mm in diam., red becoming black. Fl. Jul,
outside, ciliate, punctate. Petals ovate, ca. 5(–7) mm, glabrous,
fr. Nov–Apr.
sparsely and minutely puberulent inside, prominently punctate,
apex acute. Stamens shorter than petals; anthers lanceolate, * Thick forests near water; 200–700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi.
acute or apiculate, punctate dorsally. Ovary glabrous, punctate; 54. Ardisia verbascifolia Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.
ovules ca. 6, uniseriate. Fruit red, globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., 236(Heft 9): 153. 1902.
punctate. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Oct–Dec.
长毛紫金牛 chang mao zi jin niu
* Mixed forests, dark damp places; 400–1300 m. Fujian,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Ardisia villosoides E. Walker.
Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan.
Subshrubs 15–30 cm tall, villous almost throughout.
52. Ardisia primulifolia Gardner & Champion, Hooker's J. Rhizome creeping. Stems densely villous and tomentose when
Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 1: 324. 1849. young. Petiole 1.5–3.5 cm, villous and tomentose; leaf blade
broadly elliptic to broadly elliptic-ovate, 12–15(–22) ×
莲座紫金牛 lian zuo zi jin niu
5–8(–10) cm, papery, densely punctate, base obtuse to
Bladhia primulifolia (Gardner & Champion) Masamune; rounded, margin crenate, apex acute or acuminate;
Tinus primulifolia (Gardner & Champion) Kuntze. lateral veins ca. 15 on each side of midrib, ending in
marginal glands, marginal vein present. Inflorescences Petals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, glabrous, ±
terminal, axillary, or lateral, compound subumbellate or papillate below middle inside, sparsely punctate. Stamens
cymose bracts ca. 3 mm. Flowers pink, ca. 6 mm. Pedicel 6–10 shorter than petals; anthers lanceolate, ± punctate dorsally.
mm. Sepals oblong-lanceolate to ligulate, ca. 6 mm, punctate Ovary glabrous; ovules ca. 5, uniseriate. Fruit red, globose, ca.
and villous on both sides, apex acute. Petals ovate, punctate, 5 mm in diam., somewhat fleshy, punctate. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr.
glabrous, apex acute. Stamens somewhat shorter than petals; Oct–Dec.
anthers narrowly lanceolate, punctate dorsally, * Mixed forests, hillsides, valleys; 600–1200 m.
apiculate. Pistil as long as or longer than petals; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi,
ovary glabrous; ovules ca. 5, uniseriate. Fruit red, ca. 6 Sichuan.
mm in diam., glabrous, punctate. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Nov–Jan. 57. Ardisia chinensis Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 207. 1861.
Dense evergreen broad-leaved forests, edges of forests, along
streams, moist places, roadsides, bamboo woods. Hainan, Yunnan
小紫金牛 xiao zi jin niu
[Vietnam]. Ardisia jiajiangensis Z. Y. Zhu; A. triflora Hemsley;
55. Ardisia mamillata Hance, J. Bot. 22: 290. 1884. Bladhia chinensis (Bentham) Nakai; B. chinensis var. minor
Nakai; Tinus chinensis (Bentham) Kuntze; T. triflora (Hemsley)
虎舌红 hu she hong
Kuntze.
Tinus mamillata (Hance) Kuntze.
Shrubs or subshrubs with creeping rhizomes. Stems to 45
Subshrubs to 15 cm tall, with creeping woody rhizomes. cm, minutely blackish brown scaly when young, glabrescent.
Stems densely rusty crisped-pilose when young, glabrescent. Petiole 3–8(–10) mm, brown scaly; leaf blade obovate or
Petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-oblanceolate to obovate, elliptic, 3–8 ! 1.5–3 cm, papery, glabrous
7–14 × 3–4(–5) cm, papery, punctate, rusty strigose and adaxially, ! brown scaly abaxially, base cuneate,
mamillate adaxially, crisped hairy abaxially, base obtuse or margin undulate or repand to subentire, slightly revolute,
rounded, margin obscurely crenate with marginal glands hid- apex obtuse to acute; lateral veins numerous, marginal vein
den by hairs, apex acute or obtuse; lateral veins 6–8 on each present. Inflorescences axillary, simple, subumbellate,
side of midrib, marginal vein absent. Inflorescences simple, 3–10-flowered; peduncle 1–3 cm. Flowers white or sometimes
umbellate, 10–15-flowered, densely pilose, on curved ends of pinkish, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel 5–8 mm, slender, blackish brown
pilose, specialized branches 3–9 cm, with 1 or 2(–4) reduced scaly. Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 1 mm, brown scaly, punctate
subapical leaves. Flowers pinkish or rarely whitish, 5–7 mm. or not, margin ciliate, apex acute. Petals free or nearly so, ovate,
Pedicel 4–8 mm; pilose. Sepals narrowly oblong-lanceolate or glabrous, not punctate, apex acute or acuminate. Stamens ca.
lanceolate, as long as or shorter than petals, punctate, pilose on 2/3 as long as petals; anthers ovate, punctate or not dorsally,
both surfaces or glabrescent inside, apex acuminate. Petals apex acute, apiculate. Ovary glabrous, ovules 5 or 6, uniseriate.
ovate, punctate, apex acute. Stamens subequalling Fruit red becoming blackish, globose, ca. 5 mm in diam., not
petals; anthers lanceolate, punctate dorsally, acute. Ovary punctate, glabrous. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Oct–Dec.
pilose or glabrescent; ovules ca. 5, uniseriate. Fruit reddish, ca.
6 mm in diam., slightly fleshy, ± punctate, pilose or glabrescent. Mixed forests, hillsides, valleys, along streams, dark damp places;
Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Nov–Jan. 300–800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan,
Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam].
Dense evergreen broad-leaved forests, valleys, shady damp
places; 500–1600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, 58. Ardisia fordii Hemsley in F. B. Forbes & Hemsley, J. Linn.
Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan [Vietnam]. Soc., Bot. 26: 64. 1889.
56. Ardisia alyxiifolia Tsiang ex C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 灰色紫金牛 hui she zi jin niu
16(3): 80. 1978.
Embelia fordii (Hemsley) Mez.
少年红 shao nian hong
Shrubs 30–60 cm tall, stoloniferous. Stems rusty scaly
Ardisia beibeinenses Z. Y. Zhu
and puberulent when young. Petiole ca. 3 mm; leaf blade
Shrubs ca. 50 cm tall, possibly stoloniferous. Branchlets elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 2.4–5.5 × 1–1.6 cm, papery,
terete, 1–2 mm in diam., reddish glandular papillate, glabre- glabrous, rusty scaly abaxially, base cuneate to subrounded,
scent. Petiole canaliculate, 5–8 mm; leaf blade ovate, lanceo- margin entire, apex obtuse or acuminate; lateral veins numer-
late to oblong-lanceolate, 3.5–6(–9.5) × 1.5–2.3(–3.2) cm, ous, marginal vein evident. Inflorescences terminal on spe-
thick papery to leathery, sparsely puberulent or minutely cialized lateral branches 6–9 cm, umbellate, few flowered,
brown scaly especially on midrib abaxially, punctate, base rusty scaly; bracts 2, lanceolate, minute, inserted at base of
obtuse to rounded, margin crenulate, apex acuminate; lateral pedicel. Flowers pink, ca. 4 mm. Pedicel slender, ca. 7 mm.
veins inconspicuous, sparsely glandular, marginal vein absent. Sepals ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, punctate, ± minutely scaly, margin
Inflorescences simple, subumbellate or corymbose, sometimes ciliate, apex acute or subrounded. Petals broadly ovate, ca. 4
compound, lateral or rarely axillary, densely puberulent; mm, glabrous, punctate, apex acute. Stamens ca. 1.5 mm;
peduncle 1–3(–6) cm. Flowers white or rarely pinkish, ca. 4 anthers ovate, acute, apiculate, not punctate on back. Pistil
mm. Pedicel 6–10 mm. Sepals triangular-ovate, 1–1.5 mm, shorter than petals; ovary glabrous, punctate; ovules ca. 5,
minutely puberulent on tube, punctate, apex obtuse or acute. uniseriate. Fruit dark red, globose, ca. 5–7(–9) mm in diam.,
sparsely scaly, punctate, smooth, not ribbed. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. * Mixed forests, limestone hillsides, roadsides, along streams,
Oct–Dec. dark damp places; 100–600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan,
Jiangxi.
* Evergreen broad-leaved forests, hillsides, valleys, along
streams, damp and dark places; 100–800 m. Guangdong, Guangxi.
61. Ardisia argenticaulis Yuen P. Yang in Yuen P. Yang &
Dwyer, Taiwania 34: 287. 1989.
It is possible that specimens of A. fordii actually represent
seedlings of A. quinquegona with precocious flowers, but because no 五花紫金牛 wu hua zi jin niu
field data are available, they are treated as distinct pending further Shrubs to 43 cm tall, with creeping rhizomes, pubescent
studies.
with irregular peltate scales on young parts. Branchlets terete,
59. Ardisia violacea (T. Suzuki) W. Z. Fang & K. Yao, Acta 2.5–3 mm in diam., brown scaly, silvery-gray basally. Petiole
Phytotax. Sin. 17: 99. 1979. 3–10 mm; leaf blade obovate, 6–12 × (2.3–)3–4 cm, mem-
branous, glabrous adaxially, covered with brown scales and
锦花紫金牛 jin hua zi jin niu short hairs abaxially, base cuneate and slightly decurrent,
Bladhia violacea T. Suzuki, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. margin entire or subundulate, apex acute or acuminate;
Formos. 5: 41. 1935; Ardisia brevicaulis Diels var. violacea (T. lateral veins to 12 on each side of midrib, marginal vein
Suzuki) E. Walker. absent. Inflorescences axillary, subumbellate,
8–12-flowered, to 4 cm, rusty brown scaly throughout at
Subshrubs, with long creeping rhizomes. Stems 10–30 cm, least when young; peduncle ca. 3 cm, slender. Flowers white,
minutely puberulent. Petiole 2–3 mm, ± minutely puberulent or ca. 3 mm. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, slender. Sepals
brown scaly, canaliculate; leaf blade ovate- or triangular-ovate, ca. 2 mm, obscurely punctate, base
oblong-lanceolate, rarely lanceolate, 2–6.5 × 0.6–1.9 cm, rusty brown scaly, margin ciliate, apex acute. Petals ovate, ca.
papery, glabrous, minutely punctate abaxially, base rounded or 3 mm, glabrous, sparsely punctate, apex acute. Stamens ca. 3
subcordate, margin irregularly serrate, reflexed, apex acute or mm; anthers lanceolate-ovate, not punctate dorsally, apex
obtuse; lateral veins slightly raised adaxially, 3–5(–8) on each acute or acuminate. Ovary glabrous; ovules ca. 12, in 2 series.
side of and at right angles to midrib, marginal vein evident. Fruit ovoid, 5–7 mm in diam., not punctate, glabrous. Fl. May.
Infructescences axillary or subapical, umbellate, simple, mi-
nutely and densely puberulent or brown scaly; peduncle * Sparse mixed forests, bamboo woods, dense broad-leaved
forests, along streams, shady places, hilly area. Guangdong.
0.8–1.5 cm. Flowers unknown. Pedicel 3–4 mm. Fruit red,
globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., not punctate, glabrous, 2 or 3 per 62. Ardisia caudata Hemsley in F. B. Forbes & Hemsley, J.
infructescence. Fr. Mar. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 63. 1889.
* Dense broad-leaved forests, valleys, rock crevices, damp places; 尾叶紫金牛 wei ye zi jin niu
700–1100 m. Taiwan.
Tinus caudata (Hemsley) Kuntze.
60. Ardisia sinoaustralis C. Chen, Guihaia 13: 202. 1993.
细罗伞 xi luo san Shrubs 50–100 cm tall. Branchlets puberulent when
young. Petiole 5–8 mm, puberulent; leaf blade oblong- or
Ardisia affinis Hemsley (1889), not Blume ex A. de elliptic-lanceolate, rarely elliptic, 6–13 × 2–3(–4.5) cm,
Candolle (1844); A. sinoaustralis var. longicalyx C. Chen & D. membranous, glabrous, sparsely brown scaly abaxially, not
Fang; Tinus affinis (Hemsley) Kuntze. punctate, base rounded or obtuse, margin crisped-undulate or
Subshrubs 30–40 cm tall, stoloniferous. Stems crenate, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate; lateral veins ca.
rusty puberulent especially when young. Petiole 2–5 8 on each side of midrib, marginal vein absent. Inflorescences
mm; leaf blade elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, 1.5–7 × 1–3 terminal, compound subcorymbose or umbellate, many
cm, sparsely punctate, base cuneate, margin crisped undulate, flowered, puberulent, on specialized, slender, 3- or 4-leaved
subentire, or crenulate, apex acute or obtuse; lateral veins 4–7 lateral branches 5–20 cm; primary rays to 1.5 cm.
on each side of midrib, punctate puberulent, Flowers pinkish, 6(–8) mm. Pedicel 7–12 mm, to 2
marginal vein absent. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate, cm in fruit, slender, puberulent. Sepals ovate, 3–4 mm,
simple, on curved ends of specialized lateral branches 2–13 cm, punctate, glabrous except for base, apex acute. Petals broadly
these with 2 or 3 reduced subapical leaves, rusty puberulent. ovate, sparsely punctate, minutely puberulent inside near base
Flowers tinged pinkish, 4–6 mm. Pedicel ca. 8 mm, rusty or glabrous, apex acute. Stamens ca. 2/3 as long as
puberulent. Sepals ovate, ca. 1 mm, puberulent, punctate, petals; anthers ovate, sparsely punctate dorsally. Ovary
margin sometimes ciliate, apex acute or obtuse. Petals ovate, glabrous; ovules ca. 5, uniseriate. Fruit reddish, ca. 6 mm in
4–6 mm, sparsely punctate, glabrous outside, sparsely diam., with small glands. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Nov–Dec.
puberulent or glabrous inside, apex acute. Stamens * Mixed forests, valleys, hillsides, along streams, dark damp
somewhat shorter than petals; anthers lanceolate, places; 1000–2200 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
acute, punctate dorsally. Ovary glabrous, sparsely Sichuan, Yunnan.
punctate; ovules ca. 5, uniseriate. Fruit red, 63. Ardisia pedalis E. Walker, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 351. 1942.
globose, ca. 7 mm in diam., slightly fleshy, not
punctate. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Oct–Dec. 矮短紫金牛 ai duan zi jin niu
 Subshrubs to 50 cm tall, stoloniferous. Branchlets angular, recurved, punctate, apex long acuminate or rarely acute; lateral
1–2 mm in diam., densely and minutely reddish veins ca. 8 on each side of midrib, marginal vein obscure.
papillose-tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole canaliculate, 0.8–1.5 Inflorescences terminal, subumbellate, simple, on curved
cm, puberulent; leaf blade elliptic, oblanceolate, or specialized lateral branches 5–10 cm. Flowers white or pink, 4–5
obovate, 8–13 (–14) × 3–5.5(–7) cm, papery, puberulent mm. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm, puberulent. Sepals oblong-ovate or
especially on veins abaxially, densely punctate, base cuneate, lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, ± sparsely punctate, glabrous, apex
decurrent, margin subentire to sparsely and shallowly crenate, acute or narrowly rounded. Petals ovate, 4–5 mm, punctate,
apex acuminate or acute; lateral veins ca. 12 on each side of glabrous outside, ± minutely puberulent inside, apex acute.
midrib, marginal vein absent. Inflorescences subumbellate, Stamens subequalling petals; anthers narrowly
simple, axillary or lateral, densely puberulent; peduncle ca. 1 oblong-lanceolate, with or without glands dorsally. Ovary
cm, 2 cm in fruit. Flowers white or red, 5–6 mm. Pedicel ca. 1 glabrous; ovules ca. 5, uniseriate. Fruit reddish, globose, 5–6
cm, puberulent or glabrescent. Sepals ovate or mm in diam., punctate. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Oct–Jan. 2n = 24, 46.
oblong-ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, sparsely puberulent or Mixed or broad-leaved forests, damp places, bamboo woods,
glabrescent, punctate, margin entire or ciliate, apex obtuse or hillsides, valleys; 100–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong,
acute. Petals narrowly ovate, 5–6 mm, densely punctate, Guangxi,Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan,
glabrous, apex subobtuse. Stamens shorter than petals; Yunnan, Zhejiang [Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Vietnam].
anthers lanceolate, punctate or not dorsally. Ovary
The name Ardisia crispa was misapplied by de Candolle to A.
glabrous; ovules ca. 7, uniseriate. Fruit red, crenata, (see Walker, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 29: 256. 1939.).
globose, 8–10 mm in diam., punctate, sparsely fleshy.
65. Ardisia carnosicaulis C. Chen & D. Fang, Guihaia 13: 199.
Dense broad-leaved forests, hilly areas, rocky crevices, shady
places, along streams; 100–1000 m. Guangxi [Vietnam].
1993.

64. Ardisia crispa (Thunberg) A. de Candolle, Trans. Linn. 肉茎紫金牛 rou jing zi jin niu
Soc., London 17: 124. 1834. Shrubs to 1 m tall, sometimes tuberous. Branchlets 5–7
百两金 bai liang jin mm in diam., minutely glandular papillate, early glabrescent.
Petiole marginate, to 2 cm; leaf blade elliptic, obovate, or
Bladhia crispa Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 97. 1784; Ardisia crispa oblanceolate, 9–14.5 × 3–5 cm, glabrous, sometimes minutely
var. amplifolia E. Walker; A. crispa var. dielsii (H. L関eill! ) punctate abaxially, base cuneate, margin crenulate, vascu-
E. Walker; A. dielsii H. L関eill! ; A. henryi Hemsley; larized nodules present, apex acuminate; lateral veins 16–18 on
A. henryi var. dielsii (H. Léveillé) E. Walker; A. hortorum each side of midrib, raised on both surfaces, marginal vein
Maximowicz ex Regel; A. hortorum var. brachysepala evident. Inflorescences terminal, corymbose, on 3–5-leaved
Handel-Mazzetti; A. multicaulis Z. Y. Zhu; A. penduliflora Mez; specialized lateral branches 4.5–16 cm. Flowers papery,
A. simplicicaulis Hayata; Bladhia crispa var. dielsii (H. Léveillé) pinkish or yellowish, ca. 8 mm. Pedicel 0.7–2 cm. Sepals
Nakai; Tinus crispa (Thunberg) Kuntze; T. henryi (Hemsley) oblong-ovate, 2.5–3 mm, glabrous, densely glandular, apex
Kuntze. obtuse to subrounded. Petals nearly free, ovate, 6–8 mm,
Shrubs or subshrubs 0.6–1.5 m tall, with creeping rhi- glabrous, puberulent inside, glandular, apex acuminate. Sta-
zomes. Stems usually minutely puberulent or sparsely brown mens shorter than petals; filaments obsolete; anthers lanceolate,
scaly when young. Petiole 5–8 mm; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate acute, glandular on back. Pistil as long as or slightly longer
to narrowly lanceolate, 7–25 × 1–5.8 cm, membranous or than petals; ovary glabrous. Fruit unknown. Fl. Jun–Oct.
subpapery, glabrous adaxially, usually ± finely brown scaly * Evergreen broad-leaved forests, hillsides, valleys, dark damp
abaxially, base cuneate, margin entire or shallowly crenulate, places; 400 m. Guangxi.

4. EMBELIA N. L. Burman, Fl. Ind. 62. pl. 23. 1768.

酸藤子属 suan teng zi shu
Shrubs, becoming lianous at maturity, or lianas. Leaves alternate, distichous, or pseudoverticillate. Inflorescences racemose,
paniculate, umbellate or corymbose, bracteate at base. Pedicel subtended by one persistent floral bract. Flowers 4- or 5-merous,
bisexual or functionally unisexual and plants dioecious, polygamous, or monoecious. Sepals united at base. Petals free or united at
base, glandular granulose inside and often along margin. Stamens adnate to base of petals, rarely free, normally exserted in
staminate flowers, reduced in pistillate ones; filaments free; anthers dehiscing longitudinally, connectives usually punctate
abaxially. Pistillode reduced and style included in staminate flowers; ovary globose or ovoid; ovules ca. 4, uniseriate. Style exserted;
stigma discoid or capitate, sometimes slightly lobed. Fruit drupes, prominently punctate, 1-seeded; endocarp crusty or rarely bony.
Seeds subglobose, covered by membranous remnants of placenta; endosperm ruminate; embryo terete, transverse.
About 140 species: Africa, SE Asia, Australia, Pacific Islands; 14 species in China.

1a. Inflorescences pendent, corymbose umbellate.

2a. Leaf margin entire.
3a. Leaf blade oblanceolate or obovate, base cuneate; petiole 5–7 mm ............................................................... 5. E. laeta
 3b. Leaf blade broadly ovate or ovate, base truncate or subcordate; petiole 0.5–1 mm ............................... 6. E. parviflora
2b. Leaf margin sharply serrate or crenate, with spiny or acute to obtuse teeth.
4a. Leaf apex mucronate, obtuse or acute.
5a. Leaf blade glossy, base cordate; petiole subterete, (2–)2.5–3.5(–5) mm ................................... 1. E. polypodioides
5b. Leaf blade dull, base obtuse or acute; petiole deeply canaliculate, 4–5 mm ................................. 2. E. procumbens
4b. Leaf apex not mucronate, caudate to acuminate.
6a. Branchlets glandular papillose-tomentose; leaf blade teeth spinose; perianth leathery; sepals
broadly ovate, apex acute or obtuse; petals involute, margin glabrous ............................................ 3. E. pauciflora
6b. Branchlets glandular puberulent; leaf blade teeth obtuse to acute; perianth papery; sepals
narrowly ovate, apex acuminate or attenuate; petals flat, margin glandular granulose .......................... 4. E. henryi
1b. Inflorescences erect, racemose or paniculate.
7a. Inflorescences paniculate; petiole marginate.
8a. Branchlets and inflorescence rachis reddish glandular papillose-puberulent, early glabrescent; sepals
prominently black punctate, margin glabrous, acute to obtuse; petals prominently pellucid punctate-
lineate, margin glandular granulose ...................................................................................................... 9. E. floribunda
8b. Branchlets and inflorescence rachis tawny papillose-tomentose; perianth inconspicuously ...............................pellucid
punctate, margin long glandular papillose; sepals acuminate.
9a. Inflorescence branches spicate; leaf margin prominently black punctate ....................................... 7. E. sessiliflora
9b. Inflorescence branches racemose; leaf margin punctate .......................................................................... 8. E. ribes
7b. Inflorescences racemose; petiole canaliculate.
10a. Branchlets 5–7 mm in diam.; leaf blade leathery to cartilaginous, margin entire.
11a. Branchlets and leaf midrib rusty stellate tomentose; abaxial leaf surface with numerous small
reddish scales, prominently red and black punctate ..................................................................... 13. E. gamblei
11b. Branchlets and leaf midrib glabrous; abaxial leaf surface glabrous, sparsely and
inconspicuously black punctate ......................................................................................... 14. E. carnosisperma
10b. Branchlets 2–4.5 mm in diam.; leaf blade papery to subleathery, margin serrate or subentire.
12a. Leaf blade glossy, margin regular, serrate or serrulate throughout; sepals erose,
inconspicuously pellucid or brown punctate, apex obtuse to acutish .............................................. 10. E. vestita
12b. Leaf blade dull, margin irregular, subentire or roughly serrulate-dentate distally; sepals
entire, prominently black punctate, apex acuminate.
13a. Branchlets glabrous; leaf base cuneate; fruit longitudinally ribbed, 1–1.5 cm in diam. ..... 11. E. undulata
13b. Branchlets minutely reddish papillate-puberulent; leaf base obtuse to rounded; fruit
smooth, 0.3–0.5 cm in diam. .............................................................................................. 12. E. scandens

1. Embelia polypodioides Hemsley & Mez. in Mez, Notizbl. apex rounded or obtuse. Stamens slightly longer than petals in
Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 108. 1901. staminate flowers, subequal to petals in bisexual; anthers in
龙骨酸藤子 long gu suan teng zi staminate lanceolate, in bisexual ovate, base deeply cordate,
Vines or shrubs, reddish hirtellous-tomentose on apex apiculate, black punctate. Style glabrous; stigma punc-
tiform. Fruit red, globose, 3–5 mm in diam., densely red and
branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences. Branchlets
black punctate. Fl. Dec–Feb, fr. Jan–Mar.
terete, 2–3 mm in diam. Petiole subterete, somewhat
Mixed forests, hillsides, valleys; 1000–2400 m. Guangxi,
canaliculate at blade,
Yunnan [Vietnam].
(2–)2.5–3.5(–5) mm; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate, (1.2–)
2–3.5(–4.4) × (0.8–)1–1.2(–1.8) cm, membranous, glossy, 2. Embelia procumbens Hemsley in Hooker, Icon. Pl. 28: t.
sparsely glandular papillate and red-black punctate 2724. 1901.
toward apex, base subcordate or truncate, margin crenate with 葡匐酸藤子 pu fu suan teng zi
spinose teeth, apex mucronulate, acute to acuminate,
Embelia saxatilis Hemsley.
sometimes emarginate; midrib prominent at both surfaces,
reddish hirsute; lateral veins below, (12–)14–20 on each side of Vines, reddish glandular villous-tomentose on branchlets
midrib, submarginal vein present. Inflorescences axillary, and petioles, glandular granulose on leaf blades, peduncles,
umbellate, subsessile, 8–10 mm, 1–3-flowered, pendulous; pedicels, and perianth. Branchlets terete, 1–2 mm in diam.,
bracts oblong, 0.8–1 × 0.3–0.5 mm, margin entire, regular, glabrescent. Petiole deeply canaliculate, 4–5 mm; leaf blade
glandular ciliate. Flowers pink, 5-merous, staminate and bi- elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 1.3–3 × 0.5–12(–1.7) cm, mem-
sexual, 3–4 mm, pistillate unknown. Pedicel 1–2.5 mm. Sepals branous, dull, sparsely red and black punctate and
triangular-ovate or ovate, red and black punctate, glabrous, punctate-lineate, base cuneate or obtuse, margin
margin entire, glandular ciliate, apex acute. Petals free, oblong crenate-serrate with spinose teeth, densely red punctate, apex
or oblanceolate, papery, glabrous outside, densely yellow mucronate, acute or obtuse; midrib flat or slightly raised and
glandular granulose inside except near filaments, black glabrous adaxially, prominent abaxially; lateral veins 4–8 on
punctate and punctate-lineate, margin entire, glandular ciliate, each side of midrib, submarginal vein present. Inflorescences
axillary, subcorymbose or subumbellate, 1–2 cm, 4. Embelia henryi E. Walker, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27: 200.
5–10-flowered, pendulous; pedundle 4–10 mm, red punctate; 1939.
bracts linear or rarely subulate, 1–1.5 mm, apex attenuate,
毛果酸藤子 mao guo suan teng zi
glandular ciliate. Flowers unisexual or bisexual, white or
greenish, 5-merous, staminate 4.5–5 mm, pistillate 2.5–3 mm, Shrubs scandent, reddish glandular puberulent on
bisexual 3–3.5 mm. Pedicel 3–6 mm, minutely glandular branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences. Branchlets straight,
granulose. Sepals lanceolate or narrowly ovate, densely red or terete, 1–1.5 mm in diam., glabrescent. Petiole deeply
black punctate medially, margin erose-fimbriate, glandular canaliculate, 3–5 mm; leaf blade ovate or lanceolate, 1.5–3
ciliate, apex acuminate. Petals oblong or ovate, free or × 1–3 cm, membranous, glabrous and glossy, sparsely red
united to ca. 1/2 length, papery, glabrous inside, red punctate and punctate-lineate, base broadly rounded and often
punctate apically, margin entire, apex obtuse to acute. Stamens slightly asymmetrical, margin flat, crenate-serrate
exserted 1–2 mm in staminate flowers, ca. 2/3 petal length in with obtuse to acute teeth, apex acuminate or caudate;
bisexual, ca. 1/2 petal length in pistillate; anthers narrowly midrib impressed and minutely reddish puberulent adaxially;
lanceolate in staminate, ovate in bisexual, deltate in pistillate, lateral veins numerous, conspicuous. Inflorescences axillary,
base truncate, apex acutely rounded, connective red punctate. subcorymbose, 0.5–1.9 cm, 2–5(–9)-flowered, pendulous;
Style sparsely red punctate-lineate; stigma subcapitate, 3- or peduncle 0.5–2 mm; bracts linear, 0.6–1 × 0.1–0.2 mm, black
4-lobed. Fruit red, globose, 4–5 mm in diam., densely red punctate, margin entire, glandular ciliate. Flowers
punctate. Fl. Oct–Jan, fr. Dec–Apr. unisexual, 5-merous, staminate unknown, pistillate
* Dense broad-leaved forests, bamboo woods, hillsides;
1.4–1.9 mm. Pedicel 2–3 mm, densely glandular
1300–2600 m. Sichuan, Yunnan. puberulent. Sepals narrowly ovate, densely black
punctate, rugose basally, essentially glabrous,
3. Embelia pauciflora Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 517. 1900. margin entire, glandular ciliate, apex acuminate or
疏花酸藤子 shu hua suan teng zi attenuate. Petals free, oblong or ovate, papery,
glabrous outside, densely yellow glandular granulose
Embelia blinii H. Léveillé; E. dielsii H. Léveillé; E. inside, densely black punctate, margin regular, apex
kaopoensis H. Léveillé; E. pauciflora var. blinii (H. Léveillé) E. obtuse to acute. Stamens unknown; staminodes
Walker; E. schlechteri H. Léveillé. subequalling base of style; anthers ovate, base
truncate, apex apiculate, connective black punctate
Shrubs scandent, reddish glandular papillose-tomentose
dorsally. Ovary densely glandular granulose. Style
on branchlets, petioles, inflorescences, and sepals. Branchlets
slender, exserted; stigma subcapitate. Fruit purple,
straight, terete, 1–1.5 mm in diam., glabrescent.
globose, 3–4 mm in diam., ribbed and black
Petiole subterete, somewhat canaliculate at blade, 2–2.5 mm;
punctate-lineate. Fl. Nov–Feb, fr. Sep–Dec.
leaf blade ovate to linear-lanceolate, 3–9 × 0.8–2 cm, papery,
glabrous above, sparsely glandular papillate and Mixed forests, hillsides; 800–l700 m. Guangxi, Yunnan
densely black punctate-lineate abaxially, base rounded, [Vietnam].
margin revolute, crenate-serrate with spinose teeth, apex 5. Embelia laeta (Linnaeus) Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.
acuminate or caudate; midrib impressed above, prominently 236(Heft 9): 326. 1902.
raised below, lateral veins inconspicuous. Inflorescences
axillary, subumbellate, 8–10 mm, 3–5(–7)-flowered, 酸藤子 suan teng zi
pendulous; bracts lanceolate, 0.8–1 × 0.2–0.3 mm, prominently Shrubs scandent. Branchlets straight, flexuous, or
red punctate, glandular ciliate. Flowers unisexual and plants geniculate, terete, 1.5–2 mm in diam., glabrous or densely
dioecious, 5-merous, staminate 3–3.5 mm, pistillate 2.5–3 mm. reddish glandular papillose-tomentose. Petiole canaliculate
Pedicel 3–5 mm, densely glandular papillose-puberulent. and marginate, 5–9 mm, indument as in branchlets; leaf blade
Sepals broadly ovate, densely red and black punctate, rugose obovate or oblanceolate, (1.7–)3–6(–7.5) × (0.6–)1.5–2(–3) cm,
basally, margin entire, glandular ciliate, apex obtuse or acute. papery, dull, glabrous, base cuneate, margin flat or revolute,
Petals free, oblong or lanceolate, leathery, glabrous entire, apex acute or rounded to obtuse, usually minutely
outside, yellow glandular granulose inside, densely emarginate; midrib impressed adaxially; lateral veins
black punctate-lineate, margin irregular, scarious, inconspicuous, 6–10 on each side of midrib. Inflorescences
glabrous, apex obtuse to acute. Stamens as long as petals axillary, subcorymbose subumbellate, to puberulent,
or ca. 0.5 mm longer; anthers lanceolate, base cordate, apex 3–15-flowered, with 1 or 2 series of scales at base; bracts ovate,
apiculate, in pistillate ovate, base truncate, apex apiculate, cucullate, subulate or oblong, 1–1.3 mm, sparsely glandular
connective black punctate dorsally. Ovary glabrous. Style granulose, margin entire, glandular ciliate, apex obtuse.
slender, exserted, red punctate-lineate; stigma subcapitate, Flowers white or yellowish, 4-merous, staminate 2–2.5(–3)
sometimes 2–4-lobed. Fruit red, globose, ca. 5 mm in diam., mm, pistillate 1.5–2 mm. Pedicel 2–4 mm in staminate, 1.5–2
red punctate. Fl. Sep–Oct. in pistillate, glabrous or glandular puberulent. Sepals ovate or
* Mixed forests, valleys, hillsides, moist places, stony soil; triangular, glabrous or glandular puberulent, red punctate,
1300–1500 m. Guizhou, Sichuan. margin subentire, apex acute. Petals free, ovate or oblong,
membranous, glabrous outside, densely glandular granulose
inside, entire, glandular ciliate, apex obtuse or rounded.
Stamens exserted 1–1.5 mm in staminate flowers, ca. 1/3 petal sparsely red punctate near apex, villous or scaly abaxially, base
length in pistillate; anthers broadly cordate, apex acute. Ovary broadly rounded to truncate or cordate, margin entire, apex
glabrous. Style straight, punctate; stigma subcapitate, 2- or obtuse or rounded; midrib impressed adaxially; lateral veins
3-lobed. Fruit globose, 5–8 mm in diam., densely pellucid inconspicuous. Inflorescences axillary, staminate usually
punctate. cymose, 7–10(–15) mm, (1–)2–4(–6)-flowered; pistillate
Two subspecies: 100–2000(–3000) m. Fujian, Guangdong, usually subumbellate, 4–7(–10) mm, (2–)3–5-flowered; bi-
Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, sexual fasicled, 3–5(–7) mm, 3–8-flowered, pendulous; bracts
Thailand, Vietnam]. lanceolate to subulate, 0.6–1 mm, red punctate, densely villous.
Flowers white or greenish white, 5-merous, membranous,
1a. Branchlets straight to somewhat flexuous,
staminate 2.5–3 mm, pistillate 1.8–2.3 mm, bisexual 2–2.5 mm.
glabrous; pedicels and calyx glabrous;
Pedicel 3–8 mm in staminate, 2–5 in pistillate, 0.5–1.5 mm in
petals glandular ciliate along margin ..... 5a. subsp. laeta
bisexual. Sepals ovate, subdeltate, or oblong, densely red
1b. Branchlets geniculate, minutely and
punctate, glabrous except sparsely villous basally, margin
densely reddish glandular papillose-
entire, glandular ciliate. Petals free, ovate, lanceolate, or
tomentose; pedicelsand calyx
oblong, papery, glabrous outside, red or black punctate,
glandular puberulent; petals glabrous
densely red glandular granulose inside, margin glandular cili-
along margin ................................ 5b. subsp. papilligera
ate, apex obtuse or emarginate. Stamens slightly longer than
5a. Embelia laeta subsp. laeta petals in staminate flowers, ca. 3/4 petal length in bisexual
flowers; anthers broadly ovate in staminate, ovate in bisexual,
酸藤子(原亚种) suan teng zi (yuan ya zhong) and lanceolate in pistillate flowers, base cordate, apex acute or
Samara laeta Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. ed. 2: 199. 1771; slightly emarginate, connective densely black punctate. Style
Choripetalum obovatum Bentham; Embelia obovata (Bentham) sparsely glandular papillate basally; stigma capitate, 4-lobed.
Hemsley; Myrsine laeta (Linnaeus) A. de Candolle; Fruit dull red, globose, 3–5 mm in diam., red punctate-lineate.
Ribesiodes obovatum (Bentham) Kuntze; S. obovata Fl. Dec–May, fr. Jan–Nov.
Bentham. Dense mixed forests, evergreen broad-leaved forests, shrubby
areas, hillsides, humus-rich soil, shady places; 300–1800(–2200) m.
Branchlets straight to somewhat flexuous, glabrous. Leaf
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Xizang, Yunnan,
balde papery, margin flat. Pedicel and calyx glabrous. Petals Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
glandular ciliate along margin. Fl. Dec–Mar, fr. Apr–Jun.
Embelia pulchella is tentatively placed in the synonymy of E.
Mixed forests, open slopes of grasslands, shrubby areas, hillsides; parviflora. It differs in being red punctate and hairy on the petals,
100–1900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, ovary, and fruit, and in having hirsute leaf midrib. It might represent an
Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam]. infraspecific taxon of E. parviflora.
5b. Embelia laeta (Linnaeus) Mez subsp. papilligera (Nakai) 7. Embelia sessiliflora Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat.
Pipoly & C. Chen, Novon 5: 358. 1995. Hist. 40: 66. 1871.
腺毛酸藤子 xian mao suan teng zi 短梗酸藤子 duan geng suan teng zi
Samara laeta var. papilligera Nakai in Nakai & Honda, Embelia stricta Craib; Ribesiodes sessiliflorum (Kurz)
Nov. Fl. Formos. 5: 84. 1943; Embelia laeta var. papilligera Kuntze; Samara sessiliflora (Kurz) Kurz.
(Nakai) E. Walker; Embelia penduliramula Hayata.
Shrubs scandent, glandular
Branchlets geniculate, minutely and densely papillose-tomentose on branchlets, inflorescences, and
reddish glandular papillose-tomentose. Pedicel and calyx petals. Branchlets angled, longitudinally sharply ridged,
glandular puberulent. Petals glabrous along margin. Fr. May. 2–3(–4) mm in diam. Petiole 5–10 mm, narrowly marginate,
* Margins of mixed forests and swamps; 800–2000(–3000) m. glabrous; leaf blade elliptic or oblong, 5–12 × 2.2–4.5 cm,
Jiangxi, Taiwan. papery, glabrous, inconspicuously pellucid punctate below,
base rounded and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex
6. Embelia parviflora Wallich ex A. de Candolle, Trans. Linn.
subacuminate, rarely acute; midrib impressed adaxially, red
Soc. London 17: l30. l834.
punctate-lineate abaxially; lateral veins 18–27 on each side of
当归藤 dang gui teng midrib, inconspicuous. Inflorescences terminal, pinnately
pyramidal paniculate, 5–15(–30) cm, branches spicate;
Embelia myrtifolia Hemsley & Mez; Embelia pulchella
peduncle 1.3–2.5 cm; bracts ovate to subulate, 0.8–1.2 mm,
Mez; Ribesiodes parviflorum (Wallich ex A. de Candolle)
sparsely papillose-puberulent abaxially, margin entire, ciliate,
Kuntze; Samara parviflora (Wallich ex A. de Candolle) Kurz.
apex acute or attenuate. Flowers greenish or white, (4
Shrubs scandent, villous-tomentose on branchlets, peti- or)5-merous, papery, staminate 2.7–3.5 mm, pistillate 1.5–2
oles, pedicels, and inflorescences, otherwise villous. Branch- mm. Pedicel obsolete or conic to 0.5 mm. Sepals deltate,
lets terete, 2.5–3 mm in diam., sparsely lenticellate, glandular. prominently black punctate, moderately papillose puberulent,
Petiole canaliculate, 0.5–1 mm; leaf blade ovate or broadly so, margin long glandular papillose, apex acuminate. Petals free,
1–1.5(–2.5) × 0.6–1(–1.3) cm, papery, glossy, glabrous, elliptic or oblong, papery, pellucid punctate-lineate medially,
margin long glandular papillose, apex obtuse to rounded. nodes equal in size, subequalling petals; anthers longer than
Stamens subequalling petals; anthers oblong, base sagittate, wide. Fruit 3–4(–5) mm in diam. Fl. Jan–Jul, fr. May–Dec.
apex obtuse or acute, connective red punctate or pellucid
Mixed forests, bushes, roadsides, scrub, on well-drained soils,
punctate. Ovary globose, glabrous. Stigma subcapitate, 2- or sand, sandy loam; below 100–2000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,
3-lobed. Fruit red, globose, 3–4 mm in diam. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Guizhou, Hainan, Xizang, Yunnan [Cambodia, India,
May. Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Sri Lanka,
Sparse mixed forests, scrub, hillsides, wasteland, roadsides; Thailand, Vietnam].
l400–2800 m. Guizhou, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Thailand]. 8b. Embelia ribes subsp. pachyphylla (Chun ex C. Y. Wu & C.
8. Embelia ribes N. L. Burman, Fl. Indica 62. pl. 23. l768. Chen) Pipoly & C. Chen, Novon 5: 358. 1995.

白花酸藤果 bai hua suan teng guo 厚叶白花酸藤果 hou ye bai hua suan teng guo

Shrubs scandent. Branchlets angled, Embelia ribes var. pachyphylla Chun ex C. Y. Wu & C.
longitudinally ridged, densely tawny or rusty Chen in C. Chen, Fl. Yunnan. 1: 364. 1977; Embelia tenuis
papillose-tomentose. Petiole 5–10 mm, marginate to base; leaf Mez.
blade elliptic, oblong, or narrowly obovate, (3.5–)5–8(–10) ×
Branchlets without lenticels. Leaf blade leathery to
(1.5–)3–3.5 cm, papery, leathery or rarely cartilaginous,
cartilaginous, glossy adaxially. Bracts lanceolate. Petals re-
glabrous, pellucid or black punctate, base cuneate or rounded,
flexed at anthesis. Stamens slightly exserted ca. 1 mm, stami-
margin revolute, entire, apex acuminate, rarely subacute;
nodes ca. 2/3 petal length; anthers wider than long. Fruit 2–3
lateral veins inconspicuous. Inflorescences terminal, pinnately
mm in diam. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Oct–Dec.
pyramidal paniculate, (6–) 10–l5(–30) cm; bracts subulate or
lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm, sparsely puberulent abaxially, black Sparse or dense forests, shrubby areas, in poorly drained areas,
punctate-lineate, margin entire, sparsely glandular puberulent, swamps, clay soils; 700–1800 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan,
apex subulate. Flowers greenish or white, (4 or)5-merous, Yunnan [Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam].
papery, staminate 2–2.5 mm, pistillate 1.5–2 mm. Pedicel 9. Embelia floribunda Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 291.
(2–)3–3.5 mm in staminate, 1.5–2.5 mm in pistillate, sparsely 1824.
to densely papillose puberulent. Sepals deltate,
pellucid-punctate, glandular papillose adaxially and on margin, 多花酸藤子 duo hua suan teng zi
apex acuminate. Petals free, elliptic or oblong, papery, pellucid
Ribesiodes floribundum (Wallich) Kuntze; Samara flori-
punctate, densely glandular granulose inside, margin entire,
bunda (Wallich) Kurz.
long glandular papillose, apex acute to obtuse. Stamens
subequalling petals or slightly exserted to 1 mm in staminate Shrubs scandent, glabrous. Branchlets slightly flexuous,
and 2/3 petal length in pistillate; anthers ovate or oblong, base terete, 2–3 mm in diam., lenticellate. Petiole
sagittate, apex rounded, connective black punctate. Ovary (0.3–)1–1.2 (–1.5) cm, narrowly marginate; leaf blade
glabrous. Stigma capitate or 2- or 3-lobed. Fruit red or scarlet, lanceolate or oblong, (6–)7–13(–17) × 2–3.5(–5) cm, papery to
globose or ovoid,(2–)3–4 (–5) mm in diam., smooth, wrinkled subleathery, black punctate-lineate abaxially, glossy adaxially,
when dry, densely black punctate. dull below, base rounded, margin entire, slightly revolute and
Two subspecies: Below 100–2000 m. Fujian, Guangdong,
black punctate, apex long acuminate; lateral veins numerous,
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Xizang, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, inconspicuous. Inflorescences axillary or rarely terminal,
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri pinnately pyramidal paniculate, (6–)7–11(–18) cm; bracts
Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]. subulate, 0.8–1 mm, black punctate medially, margin erose,
apex long acuminate. Flowers green or greenish yellow,
1a. Branchlets lenticellate; leaf blade papery, 5-merous, staminate 2.7–3.2 mm, pistillate 2–2.5 mm. Pedicel
dull adaxially; petals erect at anthesis; ca. 1.5–3(–4) mm, black punctate-lineate, sparsely puberulent,
anthers longer than wide; fruit 3–4(–5) glabrescent. Sepals deltate to subdeltate, rugose basally, black
mm in diam. ............................................ 8a. subsp. ribes punctate medially, margin erose, glandular ciliate, apex acute.
1b. Branchlets without lenticels; leaf Petals free, papery, lanceolate or oblanceolate, pellucid punc-
blade leathery to cartilaginous, tate-lineate, densely glandular granulose inside and along
glossy adaxially; petals reflexed at thickened margin, apex acute. Stamens exserted ca. 0.5 mm in
anthesis; anthers wider than long; staminate, ca. 3/4 petal length in pistillate; anthers ovate, base
fruit 2–3 mm in diam. ...................8b. subsp. pachyphylla deeply cordate, apex truncate to emarginate. Stigma subcapi-
8a. Embelia ribes subsp. ribes tate to capitate, sometimes 2-lobed. Fruit red, globose, 4–5 mm
in diam., somewhat fleshy, reticulate-wrinkled when dry,
白花酸藤果(原亚种) bai hua suan teng guo (yuan ya zhong) pellucid-punctate. Fl. Feb–Mar, fr. Oct–Dec.
Ribesiodes ribes (N. L. Burman) Kuntze; Samara ribes (N. Broad-leaved forests, shrubby areas, hillsides, roadsides;
L. Burman) Kurz. l500–2800 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].

Branchlets lenticellate. Leaf blade papery, dull adaxially. 10. Embelia vestita Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 288. l824.
Bracts subulate. Petals erect at anthesis. Stamens and stami-
密齿酸藤子 mi chi suan teng zi glabrous; bracts deltate, 0.8–1.1 mm, sparsely glandular ciliate,
apex acute. Flowers yellowish or greenish, 4-merous,
Calispermum oblongifolium (Hemsley) Nakai; C. rude
staminate 2.5–3; pistillate 1–1.5 mm. Pedicel 1.5–3 mm,
(Handel-Mazzetti) Nakai; Embelia bodinieri H. Léveillé; E.
puberulent. Sepals subdeltate, glandular granulose, black
lenticellata Hayata; E. nigroviridis C. Chen; E. oblongifolia
punctate-lineate, margin entire, glandular ciliate, apex acute.
Hemsley; E. prunifolia Mez; E. rudis Handel-Mazzetti; E.
Petals free, elliptic to ovate, red punctate outside, glandular
vestita var. lenticellata (Hayata) C. Y. Wu & C.
granulose inside, margin entire, reflexed at anthesis, apex
Chen; Ribesoides oblongifolium (Hemsely) Kuntze;
obtuse or acute. Stamens exserted up to 1 mm, staminodes ca.
R. vestitum (Roxburgh) Kuntze; Samara vestita (Roxburgh)
2/3 petal length; anthers narrowly oblong, ca. 1 mm, base
Kurz.
subcordate, apex truncate, connective black punctate. Ovary
Shrubs scandent, glandular granulose on branchlets, globose, glabrous. Style straight, epunctate; stigma capitate.
bracts, sepals bases, and petals inside. Branchlets flexuous, Fruit globose or subglobose, (8–)1–1.5 cm in diam.,
terete, 1.5–2(–2.5) mm in diam., lenticellate, glabrescent. Pe- longitudinally ribbed, black punctate. Fl. Apr–Aug, fr.
tiole canaliculate and marginate, margin often developing cork Nov–Jan.
warts, 4–8 mm; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate to ovate, Dense evergreen broad-leaved forests, mixed forests, damp
(3.5–)7–11(–18) × (1.3–)2–4(–7.5) cm, papery to thin leathery, places, shrubby areas, valleys, hillsides; (300–)1200–2500(–2800) m.
glossy, glabrous, red or black punctate, base obtuse, rounded or Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi,
truncate, margin serrate or serrulate, apex acute to acuminate; Sichuan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
lateral veins numerous. Inflorescences racemose or rarely
12. Embelia scandens (Loureiro) Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr.
panicle of 2 racemes, (1–)2–4 cm, densely glandular papillate;
IV. 236(Heft 9): 317. l902.
bracts subulate, 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, red punctate, margin
roughly serrulate. Flowers unisexual or bisexual, 瘤皮孔酸藤子 liu pi kong suan teng zi
white or pinkish, 5-merous, 1.8–3 mm. Pedicel cylindric, 2–5
mm, sparsely papillate. Sepals ovate, pellucid or brown punc- Calispermum scandens Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: l56.
tate, margin erose, glandular ciliate; apex obtuse to acutish. l790; Embelia hainanensis Merrill.
Petals narrowly oblong, elliptic, ligulate, or spatulate, glabrous Shrubs scandent. Branchlets terete, 1.5–3 mm in diam.,
outside, orange punctate, apex rounded or emarginate. Stamens puberulent, glabrescent. Petiole deeply canaliculate, (5–)7–9
ca. as long as or longer than petals in staminate flowers, ca. 2/3 mm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic or ovate, (4–)5–9(–12) ×
as long as petals in bisexual flowers; anthers connective 2.5–4(–5) cm, papery to subleathery, pellucid punctate, base
pellucid to red-punctate. Style usually curved; obtuse to rounded, margin entire or obscurely serrate distally,
stigma subcapitate. Fruit red, globose 5–10 mm in diam., red apex rounded, obtuse, or rarely acute; midrib
punctate. Fl. Oct–Dec, fr. Oct–Jul. impressed adaxially, red punctate-lineate abaxially; lateral
Mixed forests, evergreen, broad-leaved forests, shrubby areas, veins 7–9 on each side of midrib, slightly raised on both
limestone hillsides; 200–1900(–2300) m. Fujian, surfaces. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, 1–3(–5) cm,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, reddish glandular puberulent; bracts subulate,
Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Myanmar, Nepal, staminate 1.5–2 mm, pistillate 0.8–1.2 mm, puberulent
Vietnam]. abaxially, margin entire, densely glandular ciliate, apex
11. Embelia undulata (Wallich) Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. subulate. Flowers white or greenish, (4 or)5-merous, staminate
236(Heft 9): 327. 1902. 1.5–2 mm, pistillate ca. 1 mm. Pedicel 1.5–2.5 mm in
staminate flowers, 0.8–1.2 mm in pistillate, puberulent.
平叶酸藤子 ping ye suan teng zi Sepals ovate, puberulent basally outside, red
punctate medially, margin erose apically. Petals elliptic or ob-
Myrsine undulata Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 299.
long to obovate, free, erect, red and black punctate, glabrous
1824; Choripetalum undulatum (Wallich) A. de Candolle;
outside, glandular granulose inside, margin entire, glabrous,
Embelia longifolia (Bentham) Hemsley; E. nagushia D. Don
apex obtuse to rounded. Stamens exserted to 0.7 mm, stami-
var. subcoriacea C. B. Clarke; Embelia subcoriacea (C. B.
nodes ca. 3/4 petal length; filaments puberulent at base; anthers
Clarke) Mez; Ribesiodes longifolium (Bentham) Kuntze;
± square, base subcordate, apex truncate, red punctate dorsally.
Samara longifolia Bentham; S. undulata (Wallich) Arnott.
Style persistent; stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Fruit red, globose,
Shrubs scandent, glabrous. Branchlets straight, ca. 5 mm in diam., black punctate. Fl. Nov–Jan, fr. Mar–May.
often twisted, terete, 2–4.5 cm in diam., lenticellate. Petiole
Mixed forests, shrubby areas, hillsides, valleys; 200–900 m.
(0.8–) 1–1.5(–2) cm, deeply canaliculate, black punctate; leaf Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Thailand,
blade elliptic, oblong, or rarely obovate (4–)7.5–11.5(–18) × Vietnam].
(1.8–) 3–5(–8) cm, papery to subleathery, black
punctate-lineate, base acute or cuneate, decurrent on petiole, 13. Embelia gamblei Kurz ex C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl.
margin entire, apex acute or acuminate, rarely rounded; midrib Brit. India 3: 5l6. 1882.
prominent at both surfaces, black and red punctate-lineate
皱叶酸藤子 zhou ye suan teng zi
abaxially; lateral veins numerous, prominent. Inflorescences
lateral or axillary racemes 1–2(–6) cm, black punctate-lineate, Ribesiodes gamblei (Kurz ex C. B. Clarke) Kuntze.
 Shrubs scandent, rusty stellate tomentose on branchlets 14. Embelia carnosisperma C. Y. Wu & C. Chen in C. Chen,
and leaves abaxially. Branchlets angled, 5–7 mm in diam., Fl. Yunnan. 1: 374. l977.
glabrescent. Petiole deeply canaliculate, (1.5–)2–3 cm, glab-
肉果酸藤子 rou guo suan teng zi
rescent; leaf blade elliptic, lanceolate, or obovate, (7–) 15–30 ×
(3–)5.5–9 cm, leathery, black punctate abaxially, glabrescent, Shrubs, lianous at maturity. Branchlets terete, straight,
base subrounded or obtuse, margin entire, apex acute, rarely 5–6 mm in diam., glabrous. Petiole canaliculate, 1.7–2.8 cm,
acuminate or rounded; lateral veins 15–25 on each side of red punctate, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic to oblanceolate,
midrib, impressed adaxially. Inflorescences racemose, (2–) rarely obovate, 8–10.5(–14) × 3.5–6.3 cm, leathery, glabrous,
2.5–4(–5) cm, puberulent, glabrescent; bracts narrowly lan- black punctate-lineate especially toward apex, base cuneate,
ceolate, 2–3.5 mm. Flowers dull yellowish green, (4 margin entire, apex short acute; midrib somewhat impressed
or)5-merous, staminate 3.5–4 mm, pistillate 2–3 mm. Pedicel above; lateral veins 18–28 on each side of midrib, raised at
(1.8–) 2–4(–6) mm, puberulent. Sepals ovate to oblong, both surfaces. Inflorescences racemose, 2–3 mm, glandular
glandular, black punctate, margin subentire, minutely ciliolate granulose. Flowers 4-merous, staminate ca. 3 mm, pistillate
apically. Petals free, elliptic or obovate, papery, glabrous unknown. Pedicel 2–2.5 mm in staminate flowers, to 1 cm and
outside, glandular granulose inside, margin entire, glandular ca. 3 mm thick in fruit. Sepals subdeltate, glabrous, rugose
ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded. Stamens exserted to 0.5 mm, basally, prominently but sparsely black punctate, margin entire,
staminodes equaling petal length; anthers lanceolate, base glabrous, apex acute. Fruit subglobose, ca. 2.7 cm in diam.
sagittate, apex apiculate. Ovary glabrous. Style curved, pell- (immature), fleshy, densely black punctate-lineate, glabrous.
ucid punctate-lineate, persistent; stigma 2- or 3-lobed. Fruit red, Fl. May, fr. Jul-Aug.
globose, 3–4 mm in diam., black punctate and punctate-lineate. * Evergreen broad-leaved forests, valleys, shady damp places;
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Oct–Dec. 1200–1400 m. SE Yunnan.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, shrubby areas, valleys, hillsides;
2000–2700 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Myanmar, Sikkim].

5. MYRSINE Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 196. 1753.

铁仔属 tie zai shu
Rapanea Aublet.

Shrubs or small trees. Inflorescences axillary, umbellate or fascicled, on short scaly branchlets or spurs, bracteate. Flowers
bisexual or unisexual and plants monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous, 4- or 5(or 6)-merous. Sepals nearly free or united to 1/2
length, imbricate, usually ciliate, punctate, persistent. Petals nearly free or rarely united to 1/2 their length, usually ciliate, glandular
granulose, punctate. Filaments free or united at base, adnate to corolla, with apical free portions minute or absent; anthers ovate or
reniform, rarely sagittate, 2-celled, dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Ovary glabrous or glabrescent; ovules few, in 1 series. Fruit a
globose or subovoid drupe, with somewhat fleshy exocarp and crusty or leathery endocarp, 1-seeded. Seeds occupying cavity;
endosperm horny, ruminate; embryo cylindric, transverse.
About 300 species: pantropical; 11 species in China.

Myrsine and Rapanea have traditionally been regarded as separate genera, especially in regional and local floras. However, when the two
genera are examined on worldwide basis, the alleged differences between them do not hold. Myrsine and Rapanea are poorly represented in China,
as evidenced by the presence of only 11 out of the approximately 300 species in the entire world. The Chinese species are easily assigned to Myrsine
and Rapanea as traditionally circumscribed. For that reason, most Chinese authors prefer to maintain both genera.

1a. Leaf blade up to 3.3 × 1.2 cm; petiole less than 5 mm.
2a. Branchlets angular or verruculose, reddish glandular granulose apically, without lenticels.
3a. Branchlets angular, smooth; leaf blade apex emarginate; calyx epunctate .......................................... 1. M. cicatricosa
3b. Branchlets terete, densely verrucose; leaf blade apex obtuse to rounded; calyx red punctate-
lineate ................................................................................................................................................ 2. M. verruculosa
2a. Branchlets subterete, smooth, glandular puberulent, with branched or capitate trichomes, lenticellate.
4a. Branchlet trichomes 2- or 3-branched; leaf blade linear or elliptic, margin entire ...................................... 3. M. affinis
4b. Branchlet trichomes capitate; leaf blade obovate to orbicular, rarely oblanceolate, margin serrate-
dentate ...................................................................................................................................................... 4. M. africana
1b. Leaf blade 3.4–18 × 1.4–8 cm; petiole 6–25 mm.
5a. Branchlets (2.6–)3–7 mm in diam.
6a. Branchlets smooth, glandular granulose; leaf blade apex broadly rounded to truncate; petiole
6–8 mm ................................................................................................................................................... 11. M. linearis
6b. Branchlets rugose, glabrous or reddish puberulent; leaf blade apex acute; petiole 9–25 mm.
7a. Terminal bud glabrous; petiole 2–2.5 cm; leaf blade broadly oblanceolate or obovate, secondary
 veins conspicuous abaxially; calyx lobes not ciliate .................................................................. 9. M. kwangsiensis
7b. Terminal bud reddish puberulent, early glabrescent; petiole 0.9–1.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly
linear-lanceolate or elliptic, secondary veins inconspicuous abaxially; calyx lobes ciliate .............. 10. M. sequinii
5b. Branchlets 1.5–2.5 mm in diam.
8a. Leaf blade margin subentire to sharply toothed.
9a. Calyx cupular, lobes ovate, keeled, apex acuminate; leaf blade slightly asymmetric, glossy on
both sides ..................................................................................................................................... 5. M. semiserrata
9b. Calyx disc-shaped, lobes oblong, flat, apex obtuse; leaf blade symmetric, glossy adaxially ......... 6. M. stolonifera
8b. Leaf blade margin entire.
10a. Leaf blade very narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, apex caudate or long acuminate, base
cuneate, margin flat; calyx papery, lobes ovate .................................................................................. 7. M. faberi
10b. Leaf blade oblong or elliptic, apex abruptly short acuminate, base obtuse, margin revolute;
calyx leathery, lobes linear-oblong ................................................................................................. 8. M. elliptica

1. Myrsine cicatricosa (C. Y. Wu & C. Chen) Pipoly & C. apex acute. Fruit ovate-globose, 3–4 mm in diam. (immature),
Chen, Novon 5: 360. 1995. glabrous, densely punctate. Fr. Oct–Nov.
多痕密花树 duo hen mi hua shu * Sparse evergreen broad-leaved forests, limestone hillsides;
900–1500 m. Guizhou, Yunnan.
Rapanea cicatricosa C. Y. Wu & C. Chen in C. Chen, Fl.
Yunnan. 1: 381. 1977. 3. Myrsine affinis A. de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 96. 1844.
Shrubs ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets angular, 2–3 mm in diam., 拟密花树 ni mi hua shu
smooth, reddish glandular granulose apically, without lenticels.
Petiole marginate, 3–5 mm; leaf blade obovate, 1–2.5 cm × 7–9 Rapanea affinis (A. de Candolle) Mez.
mm, leathery, glabrous, punctate in areoles, base cuneate, Shrubs or trees 0.8–6 m tall. Branchlets subterete, 4–5
decurrent, margin scarious, entire, apex obtuse and emarginate; mm in diam., smooth, reddish glandular puberulent, trichomes
midrib impressed; lateral veins and veinlets inconspicuous 2- or 3-fid, glabrescent, lenticellate. Leaves subsessile; petiole
adaxially, raised abaxially, marginal vein evident. Bracts ovate marginate, 2–3 mm; leaf blade linear or narrowly elliptic,
or broadly so, ciliate. Flowers (3–)5-merous, ca. 2 mm. Pedicel 2–4(–5.8) cm × 7–11 mm, leathery, densely areolate and
1–1.5(–2) mm, glabrous. Calyx lobes spreading, nearly free, punctate abaxially, base acute and decurrent, margin entire,
ovate, 0.8–1 mm, glabrous, flat, margin entire, ciliate, sparsely apex acute to a blunt tip; lateral veins numerous, raised on both
punctate, apex acute. Corolla lobes oblong to ovate, ca. 2 mm, surfaces, marginal vein evident. Infloresecences 1–3-flowered;
reflexed, glabrous except for densely glandular granulose bracts ovate, ciliate. Flowers yellow, 4-merous, ca. 1 mm.
margin, apex obtuse. Anthers puberulent at apex, Calyx lobes spreading, nearly free, ovate, ca. 0.5 mm, flat,
inconspicuously punctate dorsally. Style short conical, glabrous, sparsely punctate, margin entire, ciliate, apex acute.
obtusely angular; stigma ligulate, apiculate. Fruit globose Petals united at base, elliptic, 0.8–1 mm, glabrous, sparsely
(immature); persistent sepals united at base. Fl. Dec, fr. punctate, margin densely glandular granulose, apex rounded.
Aug–Sep. Anthers ovate, puberulent. Ovary glabrous. Stigma terete or
Shrubby areas, limestone hillsides; ca. 2000 m. Yunnan sausage-shaped. Fruit dull purplish red to black, globose, ca. 5
[Vietnam]. mm in diam., densely punctate, glabrous. Fl. Feb–Jun, fr.
2. Myrsine verruculosa (C. Y. Wu & C. Chen) Pipoly & C. Jan–Feb.
Chen, Novon 5: 360. 1995. Dense evergreen broad-leaved forests, shrubby areas, limestone
瘤枝密花树 liu zhi mi hua shu hillside; 1000–1300 m. Hainan, Yunnan [Indonesia].

Rapanea verruculosa C. Y. Wu & C. Chen in C. Chen, Fl. 4. Myrsine africana Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 196. 1753.
Yunnan. 1: 381. 1977. 铁仔 tie zai
Shrubs 1–2.5 m tall. Branchlets terete, 3–4 mm in diam.,
Myrsine africana var. acuminata C. Y. Wu & C. Chen; M.
minutely glandular granulose, densely verrucose. Petiole
africana var. bifaria (Wallich) Franchet; M. africana var.
marginate, 2–3 mm; leaf blade obovate, 1–1.5 cm × 5–7 mm,
glandulosa J. M. Zhang; M. africana var. retusa A. de
leathery to subleathery, glabrous, sparsely punctate abaxially,
Candolle; M. bifaria Wallich; M. microphylla Hayata; M.
base cuneate, margin opaque, entire, apex obtuse to rounded;
potama D. Don; M. vaccinifolia Hayata; Rhamnus myrtillus H.
midrib impressed; lateral veins raised adaxially, inconspicuous
Léveillé.
abaxially, marginal vein absent. Bracts broadly ovate, ciliate.
Flowers unknown. Fruiting pedicel ca. 2 mm, glandular Shrubs 50–100 cm tall. Branchlets terete, 0.5–2 mm in
granulose. Persistent calyx 4-merous; lobes diam., reddish glandular granulose and puberulent, with capi-
spreading, nearly free, ovate, 0.8–1 mm, flat, minutely tate trichomes, often glabrescent. Petiole marginate,
puberulent, densely red punctate-lineate, margin entire, ciliate, 1–2.5 mm, strongly decurrent; leaf blade obovate, to orbicular,
1–5 × 0.7–1.6 cm, papery or leathery, glabrous, minutely Shrubs ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets terete, 1–1.5(–2) mm in
punctate abaxially, base cuneate, margin serrate, apex diam., glabrous. Petiole canaliculate, 5–8 mm; leaf
obtuse, to rounded; lateral veins inconspicuous, marginal blade elliptic or lanceolate, 6–8(–10) × 1.5–2.5(–3) cm,
vein absent. Inflorescences axillary, subumbellate or papery or subleathery, glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire or
fascicled; basal scales in 1 series. Flowers yellowish white, sometimes with 1 or 2 pairs of teeth beyond middle, punctate,
2–2.5 mm, 4-merous. Pedicel 0.5–1.5 mm, glabrous or apex acuminate; lateral veins inconspicuous, densely
glandular puberulent. Calyx lobes spreading, nearly free, and minutely areolate, marginal vein absent. Inflorescences
broadly ovate to elliptic, 0.3–0.5 mm, flat, glabrous, margin axillary or on leafless branchlets, umbellate or fascicled,
entire, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse. Corolla 0.8–1 mm, united sessile, 3- or 4-flowered; bracts hastate or
to at least 1/2 length, glabrous outside, puberulent inside; lobes lanceolate, glabrous. Flowers 5-merous, 1.8–2 mm.
lanceolate, 0.8–1 mm, densely punctate, margin entire, Pedicel 2–3 mm, glabrous, subtended by 1 bract. Calyx
glandular granuose, apex obtuse to acute. Stamens longer than lobes spreading, nearly free, narrowly elliptic or
petals; filaments united basally into a tube adnate to corolla oblong, 0.8–1 mm, flat, glabrous, prominently punctate,
tube, puberulent in staminate flowers. Pistil globose. Style apex acute or obtuse. Petals united into a very short
short; stigma discoid, margin lobed. Fruit red or purple-black, tube, glabrous outside, densely glandular granulose
globose, ca. 5 mm in diam., smooth. Fl. Feb–Jun, fr. Nov–Jan. inside except for tube; lobes oblong, punctate, apex
Sparse mixed forests, open mountain slopes, sunny dry places,
obtuse. Stamens ca. 1/2 as long as petals; filaments
scrub, fields, roadsides; l000–3600 m. Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, free, adnate to base of petals; anthers broadly ovate
Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [India; or reniform, apex apiculate. Ovary glabrous, punctate.
Azores, Africa, SW Asia]. Stigma apiculate or lobed. Fruit red becoming bluish
black, globose, ca. 5 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl.
5. Myrsine semiserrata Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 293. Apr–Jun, fr. Dec–Jan.
1824.
Mixed forests, damp places; 300–2100 m. Anhui, Fujian,
针齿铁仔 zhen chi tie zai Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan,
Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
Celastrus cavaleriei H. Léveillé; C. seguinii H. Léveillé;
Myrsine semiserrata var. brachypoda Z. Y. Zhu. 7. Myrsine faberi (Mez) Pipoly & C. Chen, Novon 5: 360.
1995.
Shrubs or trees 3–7 m tall. Branchlets slightly angular,
1.5–2 mm in diam., glabrous. Petiole marginate, 6–8 mm, 平叶密花树 ping ye mi hua shu
decurrent at base; leaf blade elliptic to lanceolate, sometimes
Rapanea faberi Mez in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 236(Heft 9):
rhomboid, 5–9(–14) × 2–2.5(–4) cm, papery to subleathery,
358. 1902.
slightly asymmetric, glossy, glabrous, base cuneate, margin
remotely serrulate to middle, teeth callose, apex acute to Trees 6 m or more. Branchlets terete, 1.5–2 mm in diam.,
acuminate; lateral veins slightly raised, sparsely punctate, glabrous. Petiole subterete, 7–10 mm; leaf blade elliptic to
marginal vein evident. Inflorescences axillary, umbellate or lanceolate, 7–11 × 1.5–3 cm, papery or subleathery, glabrous,
fascicled, sessile; bracts ovate, ciliate, punctate. Flowers white base cuneate, glossy above, pale below, margin entire, apex
to yellowish, ca. 2 mm, 4-merous. Pedicel ca. 2 mm, glabrous caudate or long acuminate, acumen 1–2 cm; midrib impressed
or puberulent, subtended by 1 bract. Calyx cupular; lobes ovate, adaxially; lateral veins inconspicuous, marginal vein obscure.
keeled, sparsely puberulent outside, margin entire, ciliate, Bracts ovate, glabrous, margin sparsely glandular granulose,
punctate, apex acuminate. Petals free or united to 1/3 length, apex obtuse. Flowers papery, greenish, 5-merous, ca. 5 mm.
long elliptic, oblong, or ligulate, glabrous, prominently Pedicel 1–2 mm, glabrous. Calyx lobes spreading, nearly free,
punctate to middle, margin entire, ciliate, apex obtuse. Pistil ovate, 0.8–1 mm, flat, punctate, margin entire, glandular ciliate,
puberulent. Stigma 2-cleft, fimbriate. Fruit red becoming apex obtuse. Petals oblong or ovate, ca. 3 mm, united to 1/3
purple-black, globose, 5–7 mm in diam., densely punctate. Fl. their length, punctate, glandular granulose inside and along
Feb–Apr, fr. Oct–Dec. margin. Anthers sometimes puberulent at apex. Ovary
Broad-leaved forests, limestone hillsides, mountain slopes,
glabrous. Stigma elongated, ligulate, apiculate at apex, as long
roadsides, stream banks, sunny places; 500–2700 m. Guangdong, as ovary. Fruit black, globose or ovoid, 5–6 mm in diam.,
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, glabrous, somewhat wrinkled when dry, not punctate. Fl.
Myanmar, Nepal]. Apr–May, fr. Oct–Dec.
6. Myrsine stolonifera (Koidzumi) E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. * Evergreen broad-leaved forests, stream banks, moist places;
73: 247. 1940. 500–1200 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan,
Yunnan.
光叶铁仔 guang ye tie zai
8. Myrsine elliptica E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73:
Anamtia stolonifera Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 40. 189. 1940.
l923; A. marginata Masamune; A. mezii Masamune;
Myrsine marginata Mez (1902), not Hooker & Arnott (1834); 广西铁仔 guang xi tie zai
Rapanea stolonifera (Koidzumi) Nakai.
 Shrubs 1 m or more. Branchlets terete, 1.5–2.5 mm in Casaratto (1843); Rapanea neriifolia Mez; R. neriifolia var.
diam., minutely puberulent when young, glabrescent. Petiole yunnanensis (Mez) E. Walker; R. walkeriana Handel-Mazzetti;
canaliculate, 6–8 mm, not decurrent at base; leaf R. yunnanensis Mez.
blade broadly elliptic to oblong, 3–5 × 1.5–3 cm, papery or
Shrubs or trees 2–7(–12) m tall. Branchlets terete, 3–5
leathery, not punctate, glabrous, base obtuse, margin entire,
mm in diam., white lenticellate, rugose, reddish puberulent,
revolute, apex abruptly short acuminate, apiculate;
early glabrescent. Petiole subterete, 0.9–1.5 cm; leaf blade
lateral veins inconspicuous. Inflorescences
elliptic to narrowly linear-oblanceolate 7–17 × 1.3–6 cm,
axillary, umbellate or fascicled, sessile; bracts
leathery, glabrous, base cuneate, decurrent, margin entire, apex
broadly ovate. Flowers leathery, white, 2.7–3 mm,
acute; lateral veins numerous, obscure, marginal vein absent.
5-merous. Pedicel 4–5 mm, glabrous, subtended by a scaly
Inflorescences 3–10-flowered; bracts broadly ovate, sparsely
bract. Calyx lobes spreading, nearly free, linear-oblong, 1.5–2
ciliate. Flowers white, greenish, or sometimes purplish red,
mm, glabrous outside, sparsely puberulent inside, punctate,
(2–)3–4 mm. Pedicel 2–4 mm, to 7 mm in fruit, glabrous, thick.
margin entire, glabrous, apex obtuse or rounded. Petals free or
Calyx disc-shaped, lobes nearly free, ovate, 0.8–1 mm,
somewhat united, narrowly lanceolate or oblong, 2.8–3 mm,
sometimes punctate, ciliate, apex broadly acute or rarely
glabrous outside, sparsely and minutely glandular granulose
rounded. Petals united to 1/4 length, ovate or elliptic, (2–)3–4
inside, punctate, apex obtuse. Stamens shorter than petals;
mm, reflexed, punctate, glabrous outside, densely glandular
filaments basal 1/3 adnate to petals; anthers small,
granulose inside and along margin, apex acute or obtuse.
reniform, not punctate on back. Stigma apiculate. Fruit red,
Anthers ovate, not punctate on back, usually glandular
3–5 mm in diam., usually longitudinally wrinkled,
granulose at apex. Ovary glabrous. Stigma elongated, flattened
pellucid punctate. Fl. Jun, fr. Nov.
at base, ca. 2 × as long as ovary. Fruit grayish green or purplish
* Dense mixed forests, shrubby areas, limestone hillsides. black, globose or subovate, 4–5 mm in diam., sometimes
Guangxi. longitudinally punctate, striate or ribbed. Fl. Apr–May, fr.
Oct–Dec. 2n = 46*.
9. Myrsine kwangsiensis (E. Walker) Pipoly & C. Chen,
Novon 5: 361. 1995. Mixed forests, shrubby areas, roadsides; 700–2400 m. Anhui,
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan,
广西密花树 guang xi mi hua shu Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan,
Rapanea kwangiensis E. Walker, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: Myanmar, Vietnam].
479. 1931; R. kwangsiensis var. lanceolata C. Y. Wu & C. 11. Myrsine linearis (Loureiro) Poiret, Encycl. Suppl. 3: 709.
Chen. 1813.
Trees 5–6 m tall. Branchlets terete, 5–7 mm in diam., 打铁树 da tie shu
rugose, glabrous. Petiole marginate, 1–2.5 cm;
leaf blade obovate or broadly oblanceolate, 14–24 × 3.5–8 Athruphyllum lineare Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 120.
cm, leathery, glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, slightly 1790; M. playfairii Hemsley; Rapanea linearis (Loureiro) S.
revolute, apex broadly acute; midrib and lateral veins flattened Moore; R. playfairii (Hemsley) Mez.
adaxially, lateral veins raised abaxially, marginal vein obscure. Shrubs or trees 1–8(–30?) m tall. Branchlets essentially
Bracts broadly ovate, glabrous, sparsely ciliate. Flowers 5(or terete, with longitudinal ridges, (2.6–)3–4 mm in diam.,
6)-merous, 3.5–4 mm. Pedicel 4–6(–8) mm, glabrous. Calyx glandular granulose, glabrescent. Petiole marginate, 6–8 mm;
lobes spreading, nearly free, ovate 1–2 mm, glabrous, ob- leaf blade obovate spatulate, 3–7 × 1.2–2.5 cm, leathery to
scurely punctate, margin entire, without cilia, apex acute. subleathery, glabrous, densely punctate on veins, base cuneate,
Petals oblong or lanceolate, 3.5–4 mm, punctate, glabrous or margin entire, apex rounded or truncate, sometimes retuse;
glandular granulose inside an on margin entire. Staminate midrib flattened adaxially, lateral veins 8–10 on each side of
flowers unknown. Ovary glabrous. Stigma lobed or subligulate, midrib, marginal vein absent. Bracts broadly ovate,
usually punctate near apex. Fruit purple or purplish red, margin sparsely glandular granulose, apex obtuse. Flowers
globose or ovoid, 4–5 mm in diam., longitudinally ribbed, white or greenish, 4(–6)-merous, 2–2.5 mm. Pedicel (2–)4 mm,
punctate. Fl. and fr. May. glabrous. Calyx disc-shaped; lobes nearly free, ovate, 0.8–1
* Evergreen broad-leaved forests, mixed forests, valleys, lime- mm, pellucid punctate, margin glandular granulose, apex
stone hillsides; 700–1500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Xizang (Linzhi), obtuse. Petals united ca. 1/3 their length, elliptic or ovate,
Yunnan. 2–2.2 mm, glandular granulose inside and along
margin, sparsely punctate, tube glabrous. Stamens inserted at
10. Myrsine seguinii H. Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 288. 1915. corolla throat; anthers puberulent at apex. Ovary glabrous.
密花树 mi hua shu Stigma ligulate or lobed. Fruit purplish black, globose, 3–4 mm
in diam., wrinkled, pellucid punctate. Fl. Dec–Jan, fr. Jul–Nov.
Athruphyllum neriifolium H. Hara; A. seguinii (H.
Mixed forests, scrub, hillsides, fields, limestone hillsides.
Léveillé) Nakai; A. taiwanianum Nakai; A. yunnanensis (Mez) Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan [Vietnam].
Nakai; Myrsine neriifolia Siebold & Zuccarini (1846), not