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ROBERT TROUP PAINE

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A LEGACY
IN HIS NAME BEING APPLIED
IN PART TO AN ANNUAL INCREASE
OF THE LIBRARY

Received 9 April, 1879.

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 Yobert Troup Paisie
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LITERAL INTERLINEAL TRANSLATION

OF THE

FIRST FOUR BOOKS

furelius (or Aulus) Cornelius

CELSUS DE MEDICINA ;
^ WITH

"ORDO" AND TEXT :

TRANSLATED FROM THE TEXT SELECTED FOR THE EXAMINATION OF

CANDIDATES AT APOTHECARIES' HALL,

AND OTHER PUBLIC BOARDS ;
IN WHICH
THE ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTIONS ARE COMPLETED BY SUPPLYING
THE SUPPRESSED WORDS, SHEWING THE RELATIONS AND CONCORDS
OF THE DIFFERENT WORDS WITH EACH OTHER.

WITH AN INTRODUCTION,
EXPLANATORY OF THE MORE OBSCURE AND DIFFICULT GRAMMATICAL
CONSTRUCTIONS, AND RULES FOR REDUCING TO THE ENGLISH
PARALLELS AND EQUIVALENTS.

BY ROBERT VENABLES , A.M. M.B. OXON.

Inceptor Candidate ofthe Royal College of Physicians, Lecturer on the Theory and
Practice of Physic, &c . , Physician to the Fore-street and Farringdon
Dispensaries.

SECOND EDITION,
GREATLY ENLARGED AND IMPROVED.

C
LONDON:
SHERWOOD , GILBERT, AND PIPER,
PATERNOSTER ROW.
1837.
1.031.160

, April 7
1879

e ts
Pams Liqui .

EXCUDEBANT J. ET C. ADLARD,
BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE.
 INDEX CAPITUM .

LIBER I.-MEDICINE HISTORIA SANORUM REGIMEN .

Page
CAP.
Præfatio
I. Regimen sanorum
II. Regimen imbecillorum
III. Regimen fortuitorum 42
IV. Regimen partibus laborantium 44

ཆེ?
V. Regimen lippientium 45
VI. Regimen alvi laxioris 46
VII. Regimen coli dolentis ib.
VIII. Regimen ventriculo laborantium 48
IX. Regimen nervorum dolentium 49
X. Regimen pestilentiæ objectorum
LIBER II.- PROGNOSTICA, MATERIA DIETETICA.

៤៩
- Præfatio 51

គ
ម
៩
គ
ខ
ថ
៨
ទ
I. Tempestatum corporum qui morbi proprii 52
II. Futuri morbi signa 59
III. Fausta ægrotantium signa
IV. Mala ægrotantium signa 66
V. Longæ valetudinis signa 67
VI. Mortis signa 72
VII. Singulorum morborum nota 83
VIII. Fausta et infausta in singulis 96
IX. Morborum curationes
X. Sanguinis detractio 97
XI. Cucurbitula 104
106
XII. Alvi dejectio 110
XIII. Vomitus 111
XIV. Frictio 115
XV. Gestatio 117
XVI. Abstinentia 119
XVII. Sudor · 123
XVIII. Ciborum vires • 129
XIX. Ciborum indoles varia ib.
XX. Cibi boni succi .
XXI. Cibi mali succi 130
XXII. Cibi lenes acresque 131
XXIII. Cibi incrassantes et attenuantes 132
XXIV. Cibi stomacho idonei • ib.
XXV. Cibi stomacho alieni • 133
XXVI. Cibi stomacho inflantes 134
XXVII. Cibi calefacientes et refrigerantes 135
XXVIII. Cibi facile corrupti ib.
XXIX. Cibi alvum moventes . 136
XXX. Cibi alvum adstringentes 137
XXXI. Cibi urinam moventes 139
XXXII. Cibi somno faventes ib.
XXXIII. Cibi corpus attenuantes 140
& 2
iv. INDEX CAPITUM .

LIBER III.- CURATIO MORBORUM DIETETICA .

CAP.
I.. Morborum genera Page
II. Morborum cognitio • 143
III. Febrium genera . 145
IV. Curationum genera • 148
V. Febrium species . 151
VI. Potionis tempora 159
VII. Febrium pestilentium curatio 164
VIII. Semitertianæ curatio 171
IX . Lentorum febrium curatio • 174
X. Remedia topica in febre 175
XI. Remedia contra frigus • 177
XII. Horroris curatio 179
XIII. Quotidianæ curatio · 180
XIV. Tertianæ curatio • 183
XV. Quartanæ curatio ib.
XVI. Duarum quartanarum curatio · 185
XVII. Quotidianæ ex quartanæ • 187
XVIII. Tria insaniæ genera 189
XIX. Cardiaci · ib.
XX. Lethargici . 199
XXI. Hydropici 201
XXII. Tabis species 204
XXIII. Morbus comitialis ( epilepsia) 212
XXIV. Morbus regius (icterus) 218
XXV. Elephantiasis • 222
XXVI . Alloniti • 224
XXVII. Nervorum resolutio 225
. 226
LIBER IV.- MORBORUM PARTIUM CURATIO .
I. Interiores corporis sedes
II. Morborum capite natarum curatio 231
III. Cervicis morbi • 236
IV. Faucium morbi 245
V. Stomachi morbi • 248
VI. Laterum dolores 259
VII. Viscerum morbi • 264
VIII. Hepatici . 267
IX. Lienosi · 269
X. Renum morbi · 271
XI. Intestinorum morbi · 273
XII. Cæliacus morbus 274
XIII. Tenuioris intestini morbus · 277
XIV. Intestini crassioris morbus • 279
XV. Tormina 281
XVI. Lævitas intestinorum • 282
XVII. Lumbrici 285
XVIII. Tenesmus 286
XIX. Ventris fluxus 288
XX. Vulvæ morbus 289
XXI. Seminis profusio 293
XXII. Coxarum morbi 296
XXIII. Genum dolores ib.
XXIV. Manuum pedumque vitia 298
XXV. Convalescentum refectio 299
303
 INTRODUCTION .

" Omnis enim quæ a ratione suscipitur de aliqua re institutio, debet a definitione
proficisci, ut intelligatur, quid sit id, de quo disputetur."
Mar. Tul. Cic. De Officiis, Lib. I.

THERE are some who seem to regard " literal translation " as nothing
else than a mere collection and exposition of the grossest barbarisms of
which language is susceptible. Hence the student can neither discover
the meaning of the author, nor learn the various significations of words ;
nor, indeed, understand the adaptation of their different inflections to
variety of sense and expression ; and thus the most important purpose of lan
guage, to convey to others true and distinct notions of the author's
conceptions,-is wholly frustrated. Another inconvenience is, that words
are considered as having but one radical and exclusive signification, and
that all other applications are unwarranted and unfounded. Consequently,
the student cannot become acquainted with the equivalent grammatical
constructions, nor understand the rules of Syntax, or parallel modes of
expression. Words are " sensible signs for communicating our ideas,"
and as our ideas are susceptible of various combinations and modifications,
so these are expressed by certain inflections of the radical or original
term. That every idea should have a distinct and separate term would so
multiply these, and so embarrass language, as completely to render it a dead
letter. Literal translation, therefore, may be defined, " an exposition in
another language of the author's true meaning and ideas in equivalent
terms, and in parallel modes of expression and grammatical construction ;
so far, at least, as the analogies of language will permit." Ideas are
either universal or particular ; the former are acquired by what is termed
abstraction. Terms or words are likewise divided into singular or uni
versal, and excite analogous ideas. But words are used to excite a great
variety of ideas ; and hence their signification is either radical,"" metapho
rical, synonymous, &c.; for instance, the Latin term " RATIO expresses
the means by which,—the manner how, or in which, any thing is done ;
the nature or quality ; the subject or object ; explanation ; estimation;
proportion ; comparison ; and the reasoning faculty in man : examples of
all which applications will be found in different parts of this work. There
are many other words, for instance-" causa," " res," " natura," &c.,
which are used in a great many senses, and in which the acceptation must
be determined by the usual rules.
Perhaps here it will be inquired, how is the precise signification to be
determined ? The application of a word is shewn by its associations, and,
therefore, the intended signification will be determined by examining the
context.
Language is a medium for communicating our ideas. It consists of a
 vi. INTRODUCTION.

number of words disposed in a certain order, so as to convey to the reader

the object or purpose of the writer or speaker. Words, for this purpose,
are disposed into what are termed sentences ; these again are subdivided
into clauses. The first is termed a period, and comprises one or more of
the latter. The clauses consist of a number of words, which aggregated
convey some definite proposition. Words are classed according to the
nature of their significations, and grouped together in this way, form what
are named Parts of Speech. Of these, some are declinable ; that is, admit
of certain inflections, or alterations of the final termination ; while others
admit of no change. They are named as follow :
DECLINABLE. INDECLINABLE.
Noun: S Substantive. Adverb.*
Adjective.
Pronoun. Conjunction.
Verb. Preposition.
Participle. Interjection.
Verbs express either the performance or continuance of an action, or the
result of some action having been already performed. They also express va
rious modifications ofthese, and are divided into active or transitive ; passive,t
neuter, deponent, &c. Some are associated with all the persons, others
speak only in the third. The first are called personal, the latter imper
sonal. Verbs are declined with moods and tenses, which latter is synony
mous with times. These may be considered in a twofold relation
absolute and conditional. The moods are the indicative, imperative, sub
junctive, and infinitive. The first three are named finite, because they
convey a fixed and definite notion of an action, or the continuance of an
action ; the last, infinite, because the expression is not determined by
either numbers or persons.
The indicative mood expresses a positive or absolute action, and its
tenses are expressive of time present, past, and future. The present tense
implies action, or rather the continuance of action , as " ambulo," I walk,
and which may frequently be rendered still more expressive by the use of
the""English participle " ing," and some part of the auxiliary verb " to be,"
as ambulo,'" I am walking.§
The imperfect denotes time past, but under certain relations, i. e. it
expresses a thing which was doing, but was unfinished at a time now past.
The preterperfect speaks of time absolutely past ; while the preterpluperfect
speaks of a thing done previously to a time also already past. The future
speaks of time to come. The times of the present, perfect, and future
tenses are called simple ; and those of the imperfect and pluperfect are
named compound ; because they express times in relation only to other
circumstances.
The subjunctive mood depends upon some preceding verb, either ex
pressed or understood ; is mostly joined with some conjunction, and some
peculiar modifying condition is involved ; hence this mood is often named
conditional. Frequently both the verb and the conjunction are suppressed.
In the Fourth Book, Cap. ii . we have examples of the conjunction ex

* Some adverbs admit of comparison, and hence vary a little.

+ Active and passive are named voices of the same rather than distinct verbs.
The potential, optative, &c. are mere modifications of the subjunctive, and are
therefore omitted.
§ Upon this, see p. viii.
 INTRODUCTION. vii.

pressed-" ut vox supprimatur, ” “ ut corpusfrigescat, " " anima deficiat.”

It depends almost always upon a foregoing verb either expressed or under
stood ; and often both the verb and the conjunction are suppressed ; as
" fiat massa ;"
;" " capiat cras mane ;" " sumatur quam primum." In such
instances, 66 oportet,'" " necesse est," ," " volo, " " præcipio," or some such
verb, according to the sense, ' is suppressed, and may be thus supplied :
"6 oportet ut massa fiat ; necesse est ut capiat," &c.
This construction is often very elegantly altered, especially in narrative,
historical, or descriptive composition, so as to substitute the infinitive
mood for the subjunctive, and the accusative for the nominative case. In
stances are found in almost every sentence of the Preface to the First Book
of Celsus. The reader should observe that Celsus is here delivering an
historical account of the opinions and arguments of the different sects, in
support of their own doctrines and opinions ; and, had he used the sub
junctive with all the adjuncts frequently necessary, his description must
have been much more verbose, and his composition proportionally inele
gant. The suppression of certain superfluous words in sentences consti
tutes what are termed elliptical constructions ; and the ancient writers
constantly adopted them, from the conciseness and elegance which they
gave to their compositions. As examples : " Neque esse dubium ; ” –
" Eum vero, recte ‫܂܂‬ quidlibet antiquiores viros
‫ ܂‬curaturum ; " -" Non enim
ægris inculcasse ; "—" sed cogitasse ; "—" et id usu explorasse.” " Neque
interesse." " Sæpe vero etiam nova incidere genera morborum," &c.
In all such instances, as in the case of the subjunctive, some verb is sup
pressed, such as " aiunt," " ferunt," "proponunt," "asserunt," "dicunt," & c.;
for example, (They assert) that he will rightly cure ;† (They say) that the
ancient physicians did not prescribe at random, but(they affirm) that they
considered ; (They maintain) also that new kinds of diseases often occur.
Here the student must carefully observe, that these are but equivalent
modes of construction, and that the latter is, in translation, to be supplied
with the English for " quod" or " ut," the accusative rendered as a nomi
native, and the infinitive as a finite mood ; and either mode may be re
solved by the other. In the example of the conjunction, instead of " notæ
sunt ut corpus frigescat, anima deficiat," might be expressed "frigescere
corpus, animam deficere ;" and the accusative with the infinitive, may be
resolvedby"quod," and the subjunctive, as dicunt quod non intersit, propo
nunt quod incidant etiam nova genera morborum ; in which the accusatives
are converted into nominatives, and the infinitives into finite moods.
As the subjunctive is frequently nothing more than an equivalent for the
indicative, it ought very often to be rendered as the indicative, and not
with the English auxiliaries may, can, would, could, should, &c. ,
and which are only admissible when the subjunctive potential, implying
power, possibility, liberty, will, duty, &c. is used. This modification is
frequently an equivalent for the infinitive, and may even be rendered by it ;
as, "medici cura esse debet, ut morbum mutet ;" and which may be ren
dered, " the object of the physician ought to be to change the disease ;"
or " ut mutet morbum," may be put in place of a nominative to the verb
"6' devet ;" as to change the disease ought to be, &c.‡

* The words marked in Italics are the accusatives and infinitives, equivalent to
the nominatives and subjunctives of the other forms of expression.
+ The English verbs in parentheses are the suppressed verbs.
The subjunctive potential is also used with interrogatives and indefinites ; the
foregoing explanations will apply.
viii. INTRODUCTION.

With respect to the tenses of this mood and its modification, they are,
like itself, contingent or conditional, and may be considered as almost
always expressive of some kind of futurity. Futurity may be considered
in several kinds of relations : it may be absolute or conditional ; fixed or
contingent, definite or indefinite. Absolute or unconditional futurity is
expressed by the future indicative, which is also named the future imper
fect, as importing that two actions, as yet future, shall be contemporary in
their execution, as 66 cum cænabo tu leges, " when I shall sup or shall
be supping, you shall read. The above might also be expressed by a pre
position and the gerund in dum of the accusative, as " inter cænandum,"
during supping, " tu leges," thou shalt read. But "cum cænavero tu leges,"
when I shallhave supped thou shalt read ; implies, after supper you shall read.
The preterperfect is divided into definite and indefinite. This tense
generally speaks of time perfectly passed, that is, of an action perfectly com
pleted and finished. The definite speaks of a thing which happened at a
certain time passed, but which was finished or completed then. The
indefinite speaks of a thing as but now passed, or at least without reference
to the particular time of its occurrence. The first is Englished by " did,"
or simply by the perfect, as " heri te quæsivi, " " yesterday I did seek,"
or more simply, " I sought thee." The latter takes the English auxiliary
" have," as 66 sæpe te quæsivi, " " I have often sought thee."
The above will be found to apply to the same tense of the subjunctive ;
as, definitely " licet heri te quæsiverim," " though I sought thee yester
day," indefinitely, " etiamsi periculum fecerim," " though I have made
trial."
There is but little to remark upon in relation to the imperative mood ;
except that this mood borrows its perfect tense from the subjunctive poten
tial . Thus, (Lib. 1. cap. iii. ) " Ante omnia norit quisque," I have trans
lated " Let every one have become acquainted with," &c. There is
sufficient authority for this, as in Mart., " Arserit Evadne, " " Let Evadne
have been burnt :" in Cicero, " Iverit ad bellum," " Let him have gone to
the war ;" " Esto ; fecerit male," " Be it so ; let him have acted badly."
I adduce these examples as authority for my deviating from the usual mode
of rendering this passage,-" Every one SHOULD know," which mode can
not be defended upon grammatical principles. The use of the infinitive
for the subjunctive has been already explained.- Previously to quitting the
subject of moods and tenses, it will be necessary to observe, that the
student may understand some parts of this translation, that all the tenses
of the indicative mood may be rendered by the participle in " ing," and
the corresponding times of the English auxiliary to be as in the following
example ; which, mutatis mutandis, will apply to the subjunctive.
INDICATIVE.
PRESENT , Ambulo, I walk, or I am
IMPERFECT,* Ambulabam, I did walk, I was
PRETERPERFECT, Ambulavi, I have walked, I have been walking.
RETERPLUPERFECT , Ambulaveram, I had walked, I had been
FUTURE, Ambulabo, I shall walk, * I shall be
The infinitive mood, as a substitute for the subjunctive, has been already
explained ; and when the latter of two verbs coming together is put in the
infinitive, the rule is too clear to require comment.
* This tense may be Englished with used and the infinitive, as caput ægri
perfundebat," " used to bathe " " deinde vinum dabat," " used to give wine."
Lib. 111. cap. xiv.
Upon this, also consult the Author's Introduction to the translation of " Gre
gory's Conspectus."
 INTRODUCTION. ix.

The next subject for consideration is the construction of gerunds. The

gerund in " dum" of the nominative, with " est" set impersonally, is often
used. It implies a necessity or duty, moral or imperative, and the person
upon whom the obligation or duty falls, is put in the dative case. This neces
sity is expressed in English by " must," " ought, " &c.—" præcipueque om
nibus eo utendum est ; " '—“ huic aliquod tempus servandum curationi cor
poris sui est." " He must reserve some time," & c. This may probably
be thus resolved : " est (utile negotium) huic servandum," &c., " it is a
(useful thing) (for or to) this person to reserve, " &c. Servandum is
evidently the active part of the verb, and corpus is governed by it in the
accusative, otherwise huic, the dative, could not have been used.
The participle passive in " dus " admits of pretty nearly a similar con
struction. But in such case the agent is in the ablative : thus, Lib. 111.
cap. ii. " aqua bibenda," (sc. ab ægro, ) is evidently the passive participle
bibendus, and is supplied " water is to be drank (by the patient) ." Neuter
nouns will admit of either resolution, unless when a particular associa
tion indicates the contrary : thus, Lib. IV. cap. ii . s. 4.-" deinde cum
cibo pleniore vinum bibendum," " vinum" may be either the nominative
governing " bibendum,"—or the accusative governed of it : but " modo
vinum, modo aqua bibenda est." Evidently the passive participle is here
used, for the agreement of " bibenda " with " aqua " shews that it is the
governed, not the governing word. In the passage " modo aqua, modo
vinum bibendum," the passive construction is determined by " aqua " being
in the nominative ; whereas, were it active, it would be " aquam ," instead
of " aqua."
The subjunctive of " sum " with this gerund, is sometimes varied by
the gerund in " dum " of the accusative with the infinitive " esse.' This,
of course, depends upon a foregoing verb. Of this we have an example
in the following-" cui per se quoque medendum esse (sc. nobis) mani
festum est :" and which might be varied " cui per se quoque (nobis) quod
medendum sit manifestum est," in which mode medendum becomes the
nominative gerund, quod supplied, and the infinitive esse converted into
the corresponding time of the subjunctive.
The gerund in di is used after certain nouns and adjectives. Of the
former class are causa, ratio, necessitas -Lib. I. cap. ii. " si mane sur
gendi necessitas fuerit." " Primoque medendi scientia ." Præf. " donec
Asclepiades medendi rationem," &c. Præf. Certain adjectives, as " cu
pidus discendi " require after them the gerund in " di."
The gerund in " do " ofthe dative is used mostly after certain adjectives,
as 66 utilis, idoneus," &c., as, charta utilis scribendo.
The gerund in dum of the accusative is used after prepositions, such as
ad, ob, inter, &c., as, inter terendum, while rubbing. Often the gerundives,
with or without a preposition, are substituted for the gerunds, and then
they take the number, gender, and case of their substantives, as, Lib. iv.
cap. iv. s. 3, " Neque utilia sunt quæ urine movenda sunt." Lib. II.
cap. xv. ad eam discutiendam.
Participles of the past tense passive voice may often be Englished with
" being," " having," &c. , prefixed, and these are not to be mistaken for
ablatives absolute : for example, " si id membrum, ex levi causafatigatum ,"
that limb (being) fatigued, " sanguis missus adjuvat," blood (being) let, &c.
The future in rus, as well as that in ro, and the future indicative, are
used indifferently to express futurity, but still with some little modification.
The future in ro is used mostly with conjunctions : " Quam quoties posuero,
scire licet,"—" which as often as I shall (have) mention (ed) ; ” Lib. III. cap.
X. INTRODUCTION.

xviii. The future in rus expresses purpose, design, contingency, and is

rendered accordingly by shall, will, would, should, could, &c.—" quid
aut intus sit, aut venturum sit, ostendunt," Lib. 11. cap. vii. “ What will
happen." Lib. 111. cap. xviii.—“ per hanc enim nos consecuturos : " "that
we should effect," &c., sometimes may be Englished as the infinitive
active : " ille assideat necesse est, qui visurus est," Lib. 111. cap. iv.
"Who is to see."
The future perfect of the subjunctive in im, or extract, has the signs
"should, would," &c., as " injussu tuo nunquam pugnaverim.” —Liv.
And " quis hunc vere dixerit divitem. "-Cic. The expression in such
instances will depend much upon that of the preceding verb.
The next subject for remark is, the various applications and significations
of the verb " sum.'"" This verb signifies " to be," " to exist," "to be
present,"" " to arise" or 66 originate," &c. It also signifies possession,
part, duty, property, &c. and it is very often put for " habeo," to have, and
for " affero," to bring. It very often signifies to exist or to be present, and
the equivalent English signification is expressed by there is." Exam
ples of this occur in "præter hos quartum est ;" " ut quotidie plures
accessiones remissionesque sint ;" " unum illud est." " There is,"
is the mode in which I have rendered these, as more consonant to our form
of expression. Hence, perhaps , it might appear that the several substan
tives were nominatives following the verb sum, instead of the actual nomi
native case to the verb, as is the real construction ; and the true rendering
is as follows :-" besides these, a fourth kind is, " (i. e. exists) " that several
accessions and remissions are (i. e. take place) daily ;" " this one thing
is,"(exists oris essential) . The above remarks, mutatis mutandis, will apply
to the accusatives before the same verb ; as in the very beginning of the
first chapter ofthe third book, the reader will find the passage, " Ex quo
plura eorum genera esse, manifestum est," which I have rendered, " from
which it is evident that there are several kinds of them ;" whereas, the
more correct mode perhaps would be, " whence it is evident that several
kinds of them are," (i. e. exist).
When sum signifies the part or duty, as well as possession, &c. it takes
a genitive after it, of the person , &c. An example of this construction
will be found in-" Ob quam causam periti medici est," where " est"
signifying the duty or part, has " medici" in the genitive case. This con
struction is elliptical, for the genitive is not governed by the verb " sum,”
but by a substantive understood, as proprium, officium, munus, & c.; and
in the present example may be thus supplied, " est (officium) periti me
dici," where medici is the genitive governed of officium by the rule " the
latter of two substantives," &c.
Sum is very often put for habeo ; but the ultra literal mode of trans
lating is wholly incorrect. Let us take for example the proposition,
" Est mihi liber :" " this is a complete and definite proposition. The
Latin equivalent is " Ego habeo librum," " I have a book," which is,
without any addition, an intelligible and complete proposition. But the
ultra literal translation is not only an incomplete and imperfect proposition,
but when completed has an entirely different meaning from what the Latin
expresses. "A book is to me," has no meaning, for it is an incomplete
proposition ; but if we subjoin what is suppressed, we shall add, 66 a source
of delight or of pain," as " A book is to me a source of delight or of
vexation," which is a very different signification from the Latin, " I have
a book." This application of " sum 99 is very frequent with Celsus, and I
have deemed it right to offer these observations, that the reader may not
 INTRODUCTION. x1.

misunderstand the deviations from what may be termed " ultra literal
translation." Thus, in Book 1. chap. iv, he will find, " Si cui capilli
sunt," in accordance with the above principles translated, " If a person 29
have hairs ;" and the last sentence of the same book-" transitus ei esse,
-translated " that he have changes." Gentlemen have asserted to me
that they are expected to give a literal translation at the Hall. That I am
ready to admit ; but what can be more literal than giving to words and
sentences the precise meaning, and in the precise modes of expression,
which Celsus himself would have adopted, if requested to express himself
in different terms ? Therefore, although I readily admit that the Examiners
at the Hall expect a " literal translation," I can by no means concede
that such respectable gentlemen estimate the candidate's knowledge of the
Latin language, by the quantum of jargon and absurdity which he can
contrive to introduce into his own. There are several other verbs, " do,
suppedito," &c. which admit a similar construction.
Sum, for affero, to bring, governs two datives, they are so clearly distin
guished in the translation that no comment seems necessary.
Several verbs govern a dative case instead of an accusative ; as for in
stance, medeor, succurro ;-thus we say, mederi morbo, suc rrere imbecil
litati : some govern an ablative, as fungor, fruor, utor. The governed
word, however, should not have the " sign" of the case prefixed, as some
are in the habit of doing, and which perverts the meaning : as, for instance,
we say, " to treat disease ;" " to relieve weakness ; " ' " uti balneo," "to
use the bath, " not " with the bath," as some say, and which implies that
something else is to be conjoined with or superadded to the use of the bath,
and which is by no means expressed or understood.
Impersonals often govern a genitive or dative of the expressed term . As
" interest juvenum," "it concerns young men," &c. Sometimes a dative, as
"jam mihi dictum est." A difficult construction occurs in the sentence
" huic succurri posse propositum." Here succurri and posse may be con
sidered as impersonal infinitives ; the former from succurritur, and it ought
to be translated as if huic were the accusative preceding the infinitive posse,
as will be seen in its proper place. The English language affords no
parallel grammatical construction.
The conjunction " ne" is almost invariably rendered lest, whereas it
is more frequently put for " ut ne," or " ut non," or more simply for " ut"
instances of which it is not here necessary to particularise. Another
application of ne is, that it converts a kind of positive or affirmative term into
a negative ; thus, ne quis, ne quid, ne unquam, ne ulla, are equivalent to
nemo, nihil, nunquam, nulla : and followed by the subjunctive or potential,
arethe same as if ut preceded the verb to which these substantives may be the
nominative case : perhaps one example may suffice. Cap. xvi. lib . II. " eo
tempore attendendum est, ne quid fiat," which is the same as " ut nihil
fiat," and should be rendered, " that nothing be done." In Cap. xxiii.
lib. 11. will be found " ne iterum ung um sumat," where " ne unquam”
is put for " ut nunquam . "" Nihil is often put for non ; and, by ellipsis ,
adverbially for tantum. This will be found in the eighteenth Chapter, " nihil
nisi continendus æger est, " where " nihil nisi” have the force of "tantum.”
I have given, as far as possible, the meanings which the words in the
text really have ; where not, explanations are put in brackets. It will not
be necessary to enter into farther explanations here, as will be obvious on
examining the translation . I have adopted Milligan's interpretation of the
Materia Medica, and Materia Alimentaria Celsiana. I have also adopted
and faithfully translated from his text, nor have I taken the slightest
xii. INTRODUCTION.

liberty with it, nor altered it in any way to smooth down the difficulties of
construction in certain parts. Thus, ita ut, will be found equivalent, and
rendered by our English in like manner. Other instances will be found.
Where an evident error of the press inserted a false concord, I have not
hesitated to correct it ; such however are rare. I have adopted Milligan's
text, first, because I believe it to be the purest and most correct ; 2dly,
because it is the one selected for the examination of Candidates at Apothe
caries' Hall.
Many object to translations of this sort, because they think it an en
couragement to idleness. If to economise the time of the industrious
student ; if to assist the grammarian to read with ease and dispatch a dif
ficult author, and which, without such assistance, would occupy even a
tolerable proficient in Latin nearly five or six times the period required
with such assistance : if to unfold at a single glance the mysteries of con
struction, and to remove the difficulties which otherwise would not only
embarrass, but impede the progress ofthe student ; if such be to encourage
idleness and ignorance, I am willing at once to plead guilty ; but, though
self-confessed and convicted, I feel but little apprehension for the conse
quences.
This translation does not profess to supply the elementary knowledge of
the Latin tongue, but only to assist in reading an author, which would
otherwise cost more labour and occupy more time than can well be afforded
from other important studies. There is a difference between free and
literal translation. Both should faithfully set forth the sense and meaning
of the author ; but the free may rival, even excel, the force and elegance
of the original, while the literal can only convey the meaning in a plain,
easy, and intelligible style. As such, I hope this effort will be found fully
to answer its object,-no pains have been spared to render it adequate
to the purpose.
ROBERT VENABLES.
17, Ely Place, Holborn ; Dec. 2, 1836 .

* As instances, Celsus often makes Greek adjectives agree with Latin substantives ;
thus, in the Preface , διαιτητιχην, φαρμακευτικην, χειρουργικην , Greek adjec
tives (although I have rendered them substantively) agree with partem in a previous
sentence ; and again Latin adjectives he makes agree with Greek substantives in Lib.
IV. cap. vi. " oriturque acutus morbus qui πλEVρITIKOÇ a Græcis nominatur,”—and
cap . vii. morbus quem περιπνευμονικον ,” &c.-cap. viii. ηπατικον Græci, and
in which several instances the Greek adjectives agree with morbus, or the relative to
which morbus is the antecedent, and are therefore masculine : but in cap. ii . of the
same book, there is " Acutus et pestifer morbus est, quam кɛpaλaιav Græci vocant ; "
in which the relative quam is made feminine, to agree with кɛpaλalay the nearest,
in preference to its immediate antecedent morbus, which is masculine.
 PRIMUS LIBER
THE FIRST BOOK

AULI CORNELII CELSI

OF AULUS CORNELIUS CELSUS

DE-MEDICA-RE.
t
CONCERNING MEDICAL MATTER,
(MEDICINE).

UT agricultura promittit alimenta sanis corporibus, sic medicina

As agriculture promises aliments to healthy bodies, 80 medicine
promittit sanitatem ægris (corporibus ). Hæc medicina quidem
promises health to the sick. This indeed
est non nusquam : siquidem etiam imperitissimæ gentes
is not nowhere (is every where) : since even the most unskilful nations
noverunt herbas que alia prompta in auxilium vulnerum
were acquainted with herbs and other (things) ready for the aid of wounds
que morborum. Veruntamen exculta est apud Græcos aliquanto
and of diseases. Nevertheless it was cultivated amongst the Greeks somewhat
magis quàm in cæteris nationibus : ac ne quidèm apud hos
more than in other nations : and not even amongst them
a primâ origine, sed paucis seculis ante nos ; utpote cùm
from (their) first origin, but a few ages before us; inasmuch as
Esculapius celebretur vetustissimus auctor. Qui quoniam excoluit
Esculapius is celebrated as (its) most ancient author. Who because he cultivated
hanc, adhuc rudem et vulgarem scientiam paulò subtilius,
this, as yet rude and vulgar science a little more accurately,
receptus est in numerum Deorum. Deinde duo filii hujus ,
was received into the number ofthe Gods. Afterwards the two sons ofhim,
Podalirius et Machaon, secuti Agamemnonem ducem Trojano
Podalirius and Machaon, havingfollowed Agamemnon their leader to the Trojan
bello, attulerunt non mediocrem opem suis commilitonibus.
war, brought no slight (great) assistance to their fellow-soldiers.

Ur alimenta sanis corporibus Agricultura, sic | paucis ante nos seculis ; utpote cum vetustis
sanitatem ægris Medicina promittit. Hæc simus auctor Esculapius celebretur. Qui,
nusquam quidem non est : siquidem etiam im- quoniam adhuc rudem et vulgarem hanc
peritissimæ gentes herbas, aliaque prompta, scientiam paulo subtilius excoluit, in Deorum
in auxilium vulnerum morborumque noverunt. numerum receptus est. Hujus deinde duo
Veruntamen apud Græcos aliquanto magis, filii, Podalirius et Machaon, bello Trojano
quam in cæteris nationibus, exculta est : ac ducem Agamemnonem secuti, non mediocrem
ne apud hos quidem a prima origine, sed opem commilitonibus suis attulerunt. Quos
B
 2 AULUS CORNELIUS CELSUS
Quos, tamen, Homerus non proposuit attulisse
Whom, however, Homer has not declared (not represented) to have brought
aliquid auxilii in pestilentiâ, neque in variis generibus morborum,
any (of) aid in the plague, nor in the various kinds of diseases,
sed tantummodo esse solitos mederi vulneribus ferro
but only to have been accustomed to cure wounds by the knife (opera
et medicamentis. Ex quo apparet has partes solas
tions) and medicaments. From which it appears that these branches alone
medicinæ esse tentatas ab his, que eas esse vetustissimas.
of medicine were attempted by them, and that they were the most ancient.
Que potest quoque disci eodem auctore, morbos tum
And it may aiso be learned from the same author, that diseases at that time
esse relatos ad iram immortalium Deorum, et opem
were referred to the anger ofthe immortal Gods, and that assistance
esse solitam posci ab iisdem. Que est verisimile,
was) accustomed to be sought from the same. And it is probable,
inter nulla auxilia adversæ valetudinis, tamen eam (sc. valetudinem)
amongst the no remedies for ill health, yet that it
plerumque contigisse bonam , ob bonos
generally fell out good (that good health prevailed) , on account of their simple
mores,
V manners, quos neque desidia, neque luxuria vitiarant. Siquidem
which neither sloth nor luxury had corrupted. Since
hæc duo (sc. vitia) afflixerunt corpora (sc. hominum) prius in
these two (vices) afflicted bodies (attacked the human frame) first in
Grecia, deindè apud nos. Que ideo ista multiplex medicina,
Greece, then amongst ourselves. And therefore that complicated medicine,
necessaria neque olim, neque apud alias gentes, vix perducit
necessary neither formerly, nor amongst other nations, scarcely conducts
aliquos ex nobis ad principia senectutis. Ergo etiam post eos
some of us to the verge of old age. Therefore even after those
de quibus retuli, nulli + clari viri exercuerunt medicinam ,
of whom I have spoken, no celebrated men practised medicine,
donec disciplina literarum cœpit agitari majore
until the study of letters (literature) began to be cultivated with greater
studio ; quæ ut est, præcipuè omnium , necessaria animo, sic
seal ; which as it is, especially of all things, necessary to the mind, 80
est inimica corpori. Que primo scientia medendi habebatur
( it is) injurious to the body. And at first the science ofhealing was accounted
pars sapientiæ, ut et curatio morborum , et contemplatio
a branch ofphilosophy, so that both the cure of diseases, and the study
naturæ rerum nata sit sub iisdem
of the nature of bodies (natural philosophy) originated under (with) the same

tamen Homerus, non in pestilentia, neque in in Græcia, deinde apud nos, afflixerunt. Ideo
variis
auxilii,generibus morborum
sed vulneribus aliquid attulisse
tantummodò ferro et que multiplex ista medicina, neque olim,
neque apud alias gentes necessaria, vix aliquos
medicamentis mederi solitos esse proposuit. ex nobis ad senectutis principia perducit.
Ex quo apparet, has partes medicinæ solas ab Ergo etiam post eos, de quibus retuli, nulli
his esse tentatas, easque esse vetustissimas. clari viri medicinam exercuerunt ; donec ma
Eodemque auctoreimmortalium
ad iram Deorum disci potest,relatos
morbosesse,tum
et jore studio literarum disciplina agitari cœpit,
quæ ut animo præcipue omnium necessaria,
ab iisdem opem posci solitam. Verique simile sic corpori inimica est. Primoque medendi
est, inter nulla auxilia adversæ valetudinis, scientia sapientiæ pars habebatur; ut et mor
plerumque tamen eam bonam contigisse, ob borum curatio, et rerum naturæ contemplatio
bonos mores, quos neque desidia, neque luxuria sub iisdem auctoribus nata sit : scilicet iis
vitiârant. Siquidem hæc duo corpora, prius hanc maxime requirentibus, qui corporum
 DE RE MEDICA. 3
auctoribus : scilicet iis requirentibus hanc maxime, qui minuerant
authors : in fact those requiring it most of all, who had lessened
robora suorum corporum quietâ cogitatione, que nocturna vigilia.
the strength of their bodies by quiet thought, and nocturnal waking.
Que ideo accepimus multos ex professoribus sapientiæ
And therefore we have understood that many of the professors of philosophy
fuisse peritos ejus vero ex iis Pythagoram, et
were skilled in it medicine ; ) but of these that Pythagoras, and
Empedoclem, et Democritum esse clarissimos. Autem Hip
Empedocles, and Democritus (u were) the most celebrated. But Hip
pocrates Cous, discipulus hujûs, ut quidam crediderunt , vir
pocrates of Cos, a pupil of the latter, as some believed , a man
insignis et arte et facundiâ, primus, quidem, ex omnibus
remarkable both for his skill and eloquence, first, indeed, of all
dignis memoriâ, separavit hanc disciplinam ab studio sapientiæ.
worthy of mention , separated this science from the study ofPhilosophy.
Post quem Diocles Carystius, deinde Praxagoras et Chrysippus,
After whom Diocles the Carystian, afterwards Praxagoras and Chrysippus,
tùm Herophilus, et Erasistratus sic exercuerunt hanc artem, ut
then Herophilus, and Erasistratus 80 practised this art, that
etiam processerint in diversas vias curandi. Que iisdem
they even proceeded into different ways ofcuring. And at the same
temporibus medicina diducta est in tres partes; ut esset una
time medicine was divided into three parts ; so that there was one
quæ mederetur victu, altera, quæ mederetur' medicamentis ,
which treated by diet, another, which treated by medicines,
tertia, quæ mederetur manu. Græci
a third, which treated by the hand (surgical operations). The Greeks
nominarunt primam διαιτητικὴν (diaitetiken), secundam φαρμακευ
named the first part dietetics, the second pharmaceu
τικὴν (pharmakeutiken ), tertiam χειρουργικην (cheirourgiken). Autem
tics, the third chirurgery. But
longé clarissimi auctores ejûs quæ curat morbos
byfar the most celebrated authors of that (parti plans) which cures diseases
victu, conati etiam agitare quædam altiùs, vindicarunt
by diet, having attempted also to treat some things more deeply, claimed
sibi quoque cognitionem naturæ rerum , tanquam
to themselves also a knowledge ofthe nature of bodies (Physics), as if
sine ea medicina esset trunca et debilis. Post quos, Serapion
without it medicine would be imperfect and weak. After whom, Serapion
primus omnium, professus hanc rationalem disciplinam pertinere
first ofall, having asserted that this rational study contributed

suorum robora quieta cogitatione, noctur curandi vias processerint. Iisdemque tempo
naque vigilia minuerant. Ideoque multos ex ribus in tres partes medicina diducta est : ut
sapientiæ professoribus peritos ejus fuisse una esset quæ victu ; altera quæ medicamentis ;
accepimus ; clarissimos vero ex iis Pythagoram tertia quæ manu
φαρμακευτικὴν, darkÒV,,
Primamχειρουργικὴν
mederetur.tertiam
et Empedoclem et Democritum. Hujus autem, secundum
ut quidam crediderunt, discipulus Hippocrates Græci nominarunt, Ejus autem, quæ victu
Cous, primus quidem ex omnibus memoria morbos curat, longe clarissimi auctores etiam
dignis, ab studio sapientiæ disciplinam hanc altius, quædam agitare conati rerum quoque
separavit, vir et arte et facundia insignis. naturæ sibi cognitionem vindicarunt tanquam
Post quem Diocles Carystins, deine Praxagoras sine ea trunca et debilis medicina esset. Post
et Chrysippus, tum Herophilus et Erasistratus quos Serapion, primus omnium nihil hane
sicartemhanc exercuerunt, ut etiam in diversas | rationalem disciplinam pertinere ad medicinam
 AULUS CORNELIUS CELSUS
nihil ad medicinam, posuit eam tantum in usu et experimentis.
nothing to medicine, placed it only in practice and experiments.
Quem Apollonius et Glaucias, et aliquanto post Heraclides
Whom Apollonius and Glaucias, and a little after Heraclides
Tarentinus, et quoque alii non mediocres viri secuti,
the Tarentine, and also other not slight (celebrated) men havingfollowed,
appellaverunt se Εμπειρικούς (Empeirikous), ex professione
called themselves Empirics, from the profession
ipså. Sic quoque ea medicina quæ
itself(i.e. what they professed). Thus also that (branch of) medicine which
curat victu, divisa est in duas partes; aliis vindicantibus sibi
treats by diet, was divided into two parts ; 80me claiming to themselves
rationalem artem, aliis tantum usum ; vero nullo, post eos,
areasoning science, others only experience ; but no one, after those,
qui comprehensi sunt supra, agitante quidquam, nisi quod acce
who have been enumerated above, practising any thing, except what he had
perat, donec Asclepiades ex magnâ parte mutavit rationem
heard of, until Asclepiades in a great measure changed the method
medendi. Ex cujûs successoribus Themison ipse nuper quoque
of healing. Of whose successors Themison himself lately also
deflexit quædam in senectute. Et quidem maximè per hos
altered some things in his old age. And indeed principally by these
viros ista salutaris professio increvit nobis.
men that salutary profession hath increased (improved) to us (to our time).
Autem quoniam ex tribus partibus medicinæ, ut ea
But because of the three branches of medicine, as that branch
quæ medetur morbis est difficillima, sic etiam cla
which treats diseases is the most difficult, 80 also (est) the most
rissima, dicendum est de hâc (parte) ante omnia.
celebrated, we must speak concerning it before all things (in thefirst place).
Et quia prima dissensio est in eo, quod alii contendunt
And because the first disagreement is in this, that some contend
notitiam experimentorum tantummodò esse necessarium sibi ;
that a knowledge ofexperiments only is necessary to them ;
alii proponunt usum esse non satis potentein,
others assert that experience is not sufficiently powerful (is insufficient),
nisi ratione corporum que rerum , compertâ ; indicandum
unless the nature ofbodies and things, being understood ; we must point
est quæ maximè dicantur ex utrâque parte, quo nostra opinio
out what chiefly may be said on both sides, that our own opinion
quoque possit facilius interponi. Ii igitur, qui profitentur
also may the more easily be interposed. They therefore, who profess

professus, in usu tantum et experimentis eam Et per hos quidem maximè viros salutaris ista
posuit. Quem Appollonius, et Glaucias, et nobis professio increvit.
aliquanto post Heraclides Tarentinus, et alii Quoniam autem ex tribus medicinæ partibus,
quoque, non mediocres viri, secuti, ex ipsa ut difficillima, sic etiam clarissima est ea,
professione se iμяsipinous appellaverunt. Sic in quae morbis medetur, ante omnia de hâc dicen
duas partes ea quoque, quæ victu curat, medi dum est. Et quia prima in eo dissensio est,
usumdivisa
cina rationalem : artem,
aliisvindicantibus
tantumest,sibi aliis
nullo vero quod alii sibi experimentorum tantummodo
notitiam necessariam esse contendunt : alii,
quidquam post eos, qui supra comprehensi nisi corporum rerumque ratione compertâ, non
sunt, agitante, nisi quod acceperat : donec satis potentem usum esse proponunt ; indican
Asclepiades
mutavit. Ex cujus rationem
medendi ex magnâ
successoribus parte
Themison dum est, quae maximè ex utrâque parte di
cantur, quo faciliùs nostra quoque opinio
nuperipse quoque quædam in senectute deflexit. interponi possit. Igitur ii, qui rationalem
 DE RE MEDICA. 5
rationalem medicinam , proponunt hæc esse
theoretical medicine, assert that these things (the following) are
necessaria ; notitiam causarum abditarum et continentium
necessary ; a knowledge of causes hidden and containing (constituting)
morbos, deinde evidentiu m, post hæc etiam naturalium
diseases, then of evident (causes) , after these also ofthe natural
actionum, novissimè interiorum partium . Vocant causas abditas,
operations, lastly ofthe inner parts. They call the causes hidden,
in quibus requiritur ex quibus principiis nostra corpora sint,
in which it is sought of what elements our bodies may be (consist),
quid faciat secundam valetudinem, quid adversam. Enim neque
what causes (constitutes) good health, what bad. For neither
credunt eum posse scire quomodò conveniat curare morbos,
do they believe that he can know how it may be proper to treat diseases,
qui ignoret undè hi sint. Neque esse dubium
who is ignorant from whence they may be (arise). Nor that it is doubtful
quin sit opus aliâ curatione, si aliquod ex quatuor
butthat there is need of one (method of) cure, if any one of the four
principiis, vel superans vel deficiens, creat adversam valetudinem ,
principles, either superabundant or deficient, cause ill health,
ut quidam ex professoribus sapientiæ dixerunt ; alia cura
as some of the professors ofphilosophy have asserted ; of another method
tione, si omne vitium est in humidis
of cure, ) is the whole fault is in the moist (paparts rtibus
> (the fluids),
ut visum est Herophilo ; aliâ, si in spiritu,
as it seemed (probable) to Herophilus ; of another, if in the spirit (respiration),
ut visum est Hippocrati ; aliâ, si sanguis transfunditur
as (it seemed probable} to Hippocrates ; ofanother, if the blood is transfused
in eas venas quæ sunt accommodatæ spiritui, et excitat
into those vessels which are fitted for air, and cause
inflammationem, quam Græci nominant εyμovǹv (phlegmonen), que
inflammation, which the Greeks term phlegmon, and
ea inflammatio efficit talem motum , qualis est in febre,
that inflammation produces such a motion, a8 there is in fever (febrile
ut placuit Erasistrato ; alia, si corpuscula manantia
action), as it pleased Erasistratus ; of another, if the small particles flowing
per invisibilia foramina subsistendo claudunt iter, ut Asclepiades
through the invisible pores by stopping close the passage, as Asclepiades
contendit. Vero eum curaturu m (esse) rectè , quem prima origo
contends. But that he will cure rightly, whom the first origin
causæ non fefellerit. Vero neque inficiantur
of the cause hath not deceived (who is acquainted with). But neither do they deny

medicinam profitentur,et morbos

hæc necessaria esse sapientiæ professoribus dixerunt : alia, si in
proponunt: abditarum continentium humidis omne vitium est ; ut Herophilo visum
causarum notitiam, deinde evidentium, post est : alia, si in spiritu ; ut Hippocrati :
alia, si sanguis in eas venas,
hæc etiam naturalium actionum, novíssimè
partium interiorum. Abditas causas vocant, accommodate sunt, transfunditur,quæet spiritui
inflam
in quibus requiritur, ex quibus principiis nostra mationem, quam Græci pleyuor nominant,
corpora sint, quid secundam, quid adversam excitat, eaque inflammatio talem motum efficit,
valetudinem faciat. Neque enim credunt, posse qualis in febre est ; ut Erasistrato placuit :
eum scire, quomodo morbos curare conveniat, alia, si manantia corpuscula, per invisibilia
qui, unde hi sint, ignoret. Neque esse dubium, foramina subsistendo, iter claudunt ; ut
quin alia curatione opus sit, si, ex quatuor Asclepiades contendit. Eum vero rectè cura
principiis, vel superans aliquod vel deficiens, turum, quem prima origo causæ non fefellerit.
adversam valetudinem creat ; ut quidam ex Neque vero inficiantur, experimenta quoque
6 AULUS CORNELIUS CELSUS

experimenta esse quoque necessaria, sed contendunt aditum

that experiments are also necessary, but they contend that an approach
potuisse ne fieri ad hæc nisi ab aliquâ ratione. Enim
could not be made to them unless from sonie reasoning. For that
antiquior es viros Sc. medicos non inculcasse quidlibet,
the more ancient men ( physicians ) did not inculcate any thing (at random),
ægris, sed cogitasse quid maxime conve
(direct) to their patients, but that they thought (reflected) what most would
niret ; et explorâsse id usu, quo aliqua conjectura ante
suit ; and proved that by trial, whither some conjecture had previously
duxisset. Neque interesse an nunc pleraque jam explorata sint,
led them. Nor that it matters whether now most things may have been already
si, tamen, cœperunt a consilio. Et id
proved, if, nevertheless, they originated from thought (reflection). And that it
quidem ita habere se in multis.
indeed 80 has itself in many cases (and that this is frequently the case).
Vèro sæpe etiam nova genera morborum incidere, in quibus usus
But often also that new kinds of diseases happen, in which practice
adhuc ostenderit nihil; et ideo sit necessarium
as yet can have shewn nothing; and therefore it may be necessary
animadvertere unde ea cœperint ; sine
to consider from whence they (kinds diseases) may have begun; without
quo nemo mortalium possit reperire
which (knowledge of their origin), no one of mortals (no man) can discover
cur utatur hoc potius quam illo. Et, ob
why he should use this (remedy) rather than that. And, on account of
hæc, quidem, persequuntur causas positas in obscuro.
these things, indeed, they investigate the causes placed in obscurity (occult causes).
Vero appellant eas causas evidentes, in quibus quærunt, calor
But they call those causes evident, in which they inquire, whether heat
attulerit initium morbi, an frigus, fames, an satietas, et
have brought on the beginning ofdisease, or cold, hunger, or repletion , and
quæ sunt similia. Enim dicunt eum, qui non ignorârit
things which are similar. Moreover they say that he, who shall not be ignorant
originem occursurum (esse) vitio.
(is acquainted with) the origin (ofdisease) will resist the disorder.
Véro appellant actiones corporis naturales per quas trahimus
But they call the actions ofthe body natural by which we draw in
et emittimus spiritum ; et assumimus et concoquimus
and emit the breath (respiration); we both take and digest
cibum que potionem , que item per quas hæc eadem
food and drink (deglutition and digestion), and also by which these samethings

esse necessaria ; sed ne ad hæc quidem aditum nemo mortalium reperire possit, cur hoc, quam
fieri potuisse, nisi ab aliqua ratione, conten illo, potius utatur. Et ob hæc quidem in
dunt. Non enim quidlibet antiquiores viros obscuro positas causas persequuntur. Evi
segris inculcasse, sed cogitasse, quid maximè dentes vero eas appellant, in quibus quærunt,
conveniret, et id usu explorasse, quo ante
conjectura aliqua duxisset. Neque interesse,
initium satietascalor
fames an morbi ; et quæ similia an
attulerit, Oc;
sunt,frigus
an nunc tamen
jam pleraque cursurum enim vitio dicunt eum, qui originem
consilio cœperunt.explorata sint, si ina
Et id quidem non ignorarit. Naturales vero corporis acti
multis ita se habere. Sæpe vero etiam nova ones appellant, per quas spiritum trahimus et
incidere genera morborum, emittimus ; cibum potionemque et assumimus,
adhuc usus ostenderit ; et ideoinnecessarium
quibus nihil
sit et concoquimus ; itemque,
in omnes membrorum quas
partesperdigeruntur.
eadem hæc
Tum
animadvertere, unde ea cœperint ; sine quo
 DE RE MEDICA. 7
digeruntur in omnes partes membrorum.
(meat and drink) are distributed into all the parts of the limbs
Tum etiam requirunt, quare nostræ venæ modo
(apposition). Then also they seek, wherefore our vessels sometimes
submittant se modo attollant
lower themselves (contract), sometimes raise themselves (dilate)
quæ sit ratio somni, quæ vigiliæ : sine notitiâ
what may be the cause ofsleep, what ofwatching : without the knowledge
quorum, putant neminem posse vel occurrere, vel mederi
of which, they think that no one can either arrest , or cure
morbis nascentibus inter hæc. Ex quibus, quia concoctio
diseases arising from these (things). Of which, because digestion
videtur maxime pertinere ad rem , potissimum insistunt huic,
seems chiefly to belong to the matter, they especially insist on it,
et alii, Erasistrato duce, contendunt cibum
and some, Erasistratus being their authority, contend that the food
teri in ventre ; alii, Plistonico discipulo Praxagoræ
is triturated in the stomach; others, Plistonicus the pupil of Praxagoras
duce contendunt, putrescere : alii credunt Hippocrati,
(authority) contend, that it putrefies : others believe Hippocrates,
cibos concoqui per calorem : que æmuli Asclepiadis
that the food is digested by heat : and the admirers of Asclepiades
accedunt, qui proponunt omnia ista esse vana et supervacua,
follow , who assert that all these things are vain and superfluous,
enim nihil concoqui, sed crudam materiam, sicut
for that nothing is digested, but that the crude matter, as
assumpta est, diduci in omne corpus. Et hæc
it has been taken, is conveyed into every part ofthe body. And these things
quidem parum constant inter eos : vero illud convenit ,
indeed are little agreed upon among them : but this is agreed upon ,
alium cibum (esse) dandum bus
laboranti , si hoc est
that one (kind of) food is to be given to those sick, if the latter is
verum ; alium, si illud. Nam si cibus teritur intus,
true ; another, if the former. For ifit the food is triturated within ,
eum esse quærendum, qui possit facillime teri ;
that that (food) is to be sought, which can most easily be triturated ;
si putrescit, eum in quo hoc est expeditissimum ;
if it becomes putrid, that in which this (putrefaction) is most expeditious ;
si calor concoquit, eum qui maxime movet calorem : at nihil
if heat digests, that which chiefly excites heat : but that none
ex his esse quærendum si nihil concoquitur ; vero ea
of these things is to be sought if nothing is digested ; but that those things

requirunt etiam, quare vene nostræ modo sub nihil enim concoqui ; sed crudam materiam,
mittant se, modo attollant; quæ ratio somni, sicut assumpta est, in corpus omne diduci . Et
quæ vigilia sit ; sine quorum notitiâ, neminem hæc quidem inter eos parum constant : illud
putant vel occurrere vel mederi morbis, inter verò convenit, alium dandum cibum laboranti
hæc nascentibus, posse. Ex quibus, quia max bus, si hoc ; alium si illud verum est. Nam
ime pertinere ad rem concoctio videtur, huic si teritur intus, eum quærendum esse, qui fa
potissimuminsistunt ; et, duce alii Erasistrato, cillimè teri possit ; si putrescit, eum, in quo
teri cibum in ventre contendunt ; alii Plis hoc expeditissimum est ; si calor concoquit,
tonico, Praxagoræ discipulo, putrescere : alii eum, qui maximè calorem movet: at nihil ex
credunt Hippocrati, per calorem cibos conco his esse quærendum, si nihil concoquitur; ea
qui
ista: acceduntque Asclepiadis æmuli, qui omnia
vana et supervacua verò sumenda, quæ maximè manent, qualia
esse, proponunt : assumpta sunt. Eâdemque ratione, cum spiri
8 AULUS CORNELIUS CELSUS
esse sumenda, quæ maxime manent, qualia sunt assumpta.
are to be taken, which mostly remain, such as they have been taken.
Que eadem ratione cum spiritus est gravis cum somnus,
And for the same reason when the breathing is heavy (laborious) when sleep,
aut vigilia urget, arbitrantur eum , qui prius preceperit
or watchfulness oppresses, they think that he, who has previously noticed
illa ipsa, qualiter eveniant, posse mederi.
those very things, in what manner they may happen, can treat them.
Præter hæc, cum et dolores et varia genera morborum
Besides these things, as both pains and various kinds ofdiseases
nascantur in interioribus partibus, putant neminem posse adhibere
may arise in the inner parts, they think that no one can administer
remedia his qui ignoret (partes) ipsas. Esse ergo
remedies these who is ignorant of (the parts) themselves. That it is therefore
necessarium incidere corpora mortuorum, que scutari eorum viscera
necessary to dissect the bodies ofthe dead, and to examine their viscera
atque intestina ; que Herophilum et Erasistratum fecisse longé
and intestines; and that Herophilus and Erasistratus did by far
optimè qui inciderint nocentes homines vivos, acceptos ex
the best who dissected guilty men (malefactors) alive, received out of
carcere a regibus, que considerarint, etiam num spiritu
prison from the kings, and considered, whilst as yet the breath
remanente, ea quæ natura ante clausisset, que eorum
remaining, those things which nature had before concealed, and their
positum, colorem, figuram , magnitudinem, ordinem, duritiem ,
position, colour, figure, size, relative situation, hardness,
mollitiem, lævorem, contactum : deinde processus et recessus
softness, smoothness, connexion : then the processes and the recesses
singulorum , et sive quid inseritur alteri, sive
(depressions) of each, and whether anything is inserted in another, от
quid recipit partem alterius in se. Enim cum dolor
any thing receives a part ofanother into itself. For when pain
incidit intus, neque posse eum scire quid doleat, qui
happens within, that neither can he know what is in pain, who
non cognoverit quâ parte quodque viscus ve intestinum sit: neque
shall not know in what situation each viscus or intestine is: nor that
id quod est ægrum, posse curari ab eo qui ignoret quid
that which is diseased, can be cured by him who does not know what
sit. Et cum viscera alicujus patefacta sunt per vulnus,
it is. And when the viscera of any one have been exposed by a wound,
eum qui ignoret colorem cujusque partis sanæ, nescire
that he who does not know the colour ofeach part when sound, knows not

tus gravis est, cumarbitrantur,

somnus aut vigilia urget, manente, ea quæ natura ante clausisset eorum
eum mederi posse qui prius illa que positum, colorem, figuram, magnitudem,
ipsa, qualiter eveniant, perceperit. Præter ordinem, duritiem, mollitiem lævorem, contac
hæc, cum in interioribus partibus et dolores et tum ; processus deinde singulorum et recessus,
morborum varia genera nascantur, neminem et sive quid inseritur alteri, sive quid partem al
putant hisNecessarium
adhibere posse remedia, qui ipsas terius in se recipit. Neque enim, cum dolor intus
ignoret. ergo esse incidere cor incidit, scire quid doleat, eum, qui, qua parte
pora mortuorum, eorumque viscera atque in quodque viscus intestinumve sit, non cogno
testina scrutari : longeque optimè fecisse He verit: neque curari id, quod ægrum est, posse
rophilum et Erasistratum, qui nocentes homi ab eo, qui, quid sit ignoret. Et cum per vul
nes,
derint,a regibus ex carcere etiamnum
considerarintque, acceptos, vivos
spirituinci
re nus alicujus viscera patefacta sunt, eum, qui
sanæ cujusque colorem partis ignoret, nescire
 DE RE MEDICA. 9
quid sit integrum, quid corruptum ; ita posse ne quidem
what may be sound, what diseased ; so that he cannot indeed
succurrere corruptis. Que remedia imponi extrinsecus
remedy the diseased parts. And that remedies are placed externally,
aptius, et sedibus et figuris interiorum compertis
more properly, both the situations and figures ofthe inner parts being ascertained
que magnitudine eorum cognitâ: que omnia, quæ
and size ofthem being known : and that all the things, which
posita sunt, habere similes rationes. Neque esse
have been asserted, have (admit) similar reasonings. Nor that it is
crudele, sicut plerique proponunt, remedia quæri
cruel, as many assert, that remedies should besought
innocentibus populis omnium seculorum suppliciis nocentium
for the innocent people of all ages by the punishments ofguilty
hominum, et horum quoque paucorum.
men, and those also few.
Contrà ii qui nominant se εμπειρικούς
On the other hand they who name themselves empirics
(empeirikous) ab experientiâ: amplectuntur quidem evidentes
from experience : embrace (acknowledge) indeed the evident
causas ut necessarias ; veró contendunt quæstionem obscurarum
causes as necessary; but they contend that the investigation of the obscure
causarum et naturalium actionum esse supervacuam ideò,
causes and ofthe natural actions is superfluous on this account,
quoniam natura sit non comprehensibilis. Verò (eas causas, &c.) posse
because nature is not comprehensible. But that they
non comprehendi, patere ex discordia eorum, qui
cannot be understood, is manifest from the disagreement of those, who
disputarunt de his ; cum conveniat neque inter
have disputed concerning those things ; since itis agreed upon neither among
professores sapientiæ, neque inter medicos ipsos de istâ
the professors ofphilosophy, nor among physicians themselves upon that
re. Enim cur aliquis credat Hippocrati potius quam
subject. For why should any one believe Hippocrates rather than
Herophilo ? cur huic potius quam Asclepiadi ? Si velit
Herophilus? why this man rather than Asclepiades? If he is willing
sequi rationes, (rationes) omnium posse videri non improbabiles ;
to follow reasonings, that those of all may seem not improbable ;
si curatione s, ægros perductos esse ad sanitatem omnibus his :
if cures, that the sick have been brought to health by all these :
ita opportuisse fidem derogari neque disputationi
therefore that it isproper that faith be derogated neither from the reasoning

quid integrum quid corruptum sit ; ita ne suc- rum et naturalium actionum quæstionem ideo
currere quidem posse corruptis. Aptinsque supervacuamesse contendunt,quoniamnoncom
extrinsecus imponi remedia, compertis interi- prehensibilis natura sit. Nou posse vero com
orum et sedibus et figuris, cognitaque eorum prehendi, patere ex eorum, qui de his disputa
magnitudehabere.
rationes : similesque omnia,
Neque esse quæ positasicut
crudele, sunt runt, discordia
sapientiæ ; cum de
professores, istainter
neque re, neque inter
ipsos medi
plerique proponunt,
horum quoque hominum
paucorum nocentium,
suppliciis, et
remedia cos conveniat.
pocrati credat, Cur
quamenim potius ?aliquis
Herophilo Hip
cur huic
populis innocentibus seculorum omnium quæri. potius, quam Asclepiadi ? Si rationes sequi
Contra ii, qui se impious ab experientia velit, omnium posse videri non improbabiles ;
nominant, evidentes quidem causas, ut neces- si curationes, ab omnibus his ægros perductos
sarias, amplectuntur : obscurarum vero causa- esse ad sanitatem : ita neque disputationi, ne
B3
 10 AULUS CORNELIUS CELSUS

neque auctoritati cujusquam (sc. eorum); etiam studiosos

nor from the authority of any one; moreover that the learned
sapientiæ esse maximos medicos, si ratiocinatio faceret
in philosophy should be the best physicians, if reasoning could accomplish
hoc; nunc verba superesse ill is, scientiam medendi
this ; now that words abound to them, that the knowledge ofhealing
deesse. Qùoque genera medicinæ differere pro naturâ
is wanting. Also that the kinds ofmedicine differ according to the nature
locorum ; et aliud esse opus Romæ, aliud in Egypto,
1 ofplaces: and that one kind is needful at Rome, another in Egypt,
aliud in Galliâ. Quòd si eæ causæ, quæ essent ubique
another in Gaul. But if those causes, which were every where
eædem, facerent morbos, remedia quoque debuisse essè
the same, produced diseases, that the remedies also ought to have been
ubique eadem. Sæpe causas etiam apparere, ut
every where the same. Often that the causes even are apparent, as
puta lippitudinis, vulneris ; neque medicinam patere
for instance oflippitude, of a wound ; nor that the remedy is manifest
ex his. Quòd si evidens caus non subjiciat hand scientiam ,
from these. But if an evident cause cannot suggest this knowledge,
multo minùs posse eam quæ est in dubio subjicere . Cum
much less can that (cause) which is in doubt suggest it. Since
igitur illa sit incerta que) incomprehensibilis , præsidium esse
therefore it is uncertain and incomprehensible, that aid ought
petendum potius a certis et exploratis ; id est,
to be sought rather from certain and tried things; that is,
iis quæ experientia docuerit in curationibus ipsis,
from those things which experience shall have taught in the cures themselves,
sicut in omnibus cæteris artibus. Nam quidem agricolam
a8 in allthe other arts. For indeed that a husbandman
aut gubernatorem ne fieri disputatione sed usu. Ac istas
or a pilot is not made by disputation but by practice. And that these
cogitationes pertinere nihil ad medicinam disci quoque
considerations conduce in no way to medicine may be learned also
eo, quòd qui senserint diversa
from this, that they who have thought different things (differently)
de his, tamen perduxerint homines ad eandem
on these subjects, yet have brought men to the same
sanitatem. Enim fecisse id, non quia traxerint
good health. Moreover that they did that, not because they derived
vias medendi ab obscuris causis, neque a naturalibus
their methods ofhealing from obscure causes, nor from natural

que auctoritati cujusquam fidem derogari ciat evidens causa, multo minus eam posse
oportuisse. Etiam sapientiæ studiosos maxi subjicere, quæ in dubio est. Cum igitur illa
mos medicos esse, si ratiocinatio hoc faceret : incerta, incomprehensibilis sit, a certis potius
nunc illis verba superesse, deesse medendi sci et exploratis petendum esse præsidium, id est,
entiam. Differre quoque, pro natura locorum, iis, quæ experientia in ipsis curationibus docu
genera medicinæ ; et aliud opus esse Romæ, erit ; sicut in cæteris omnibus artibus. Nam
aliud in Egypto, aliud in Gallia. Quod si ne agricolam quidem aut gubernatorem dis
morbos eæ causæ facerent, quæ ubique eædem putatione, sed usu fieri. Ac nihil istas cogita
essent, remedia quoque ubique eadem esse de tiones ad medicinam pertinere, eo quoque disci,
buisse. Sæpe etiam causas apparere, ut puta quod qui sanitatem
tamen, diversa de homines
his senserint, ad eandem
lippitudinis, vulneris; neque exhanc
his patere me perduxerint. Id
dicinam. Quod si scientiam non subji enim fecisse quia non ab obscuris causis, ne
 DE RE MEDICA. 11

actionibus, quæ erant diversæ apud eos, sed ab experimentis,

functions, which were different among them, but from experiments,
prout responderant cuique. Medicinam esse ne
according as they had answered (succeeded with) to each. That medicine was not
deductam quidem inter initia ab istis quæstionibus, sed ab
derived even at the beginning from these inquiries, but from
experimentis. Enim alios ægrorum, qui erant sine medicis,
experiments. For that some ofthe sick, who were without physicians,
propter aviditatem assumsisse cibum protinus primis diebus,
through greediness had taken food immediately in the first days,
alios propter fastidium abstinuisse, que morbum eorum
that others through loathing had abstained from it, and that the disease ofthose
qui abstinuerant, fuisse magis levatum. Que item alios edisse
who had abstained, was more relieved. And also that some had eaten
aliquid in febre ipsâ, alios paulò ante eam , alios
something in thefever (paroxysm) itself, others a little before it, others
post remissionem ejus ; deindè cessisse optime iis, qui
after the remission of it; then that it happened best to those, who
fecerant id post finem febris. Que eâdem ratione
had done that after the termination ofthe paroxysm. And forthe same reason
alios usos esse pleniore cibo protinùs inter principia, alios
that some had used afuller diet immediately at the commencement, others
exiguo ; que eos factos esse graviores qui implêrant se.
a spare one ; and that they became worse who had filled themselves.
Cum hæc que similia inciderent quotidie, diligentes
When these and similar things were happening daily, that careful
homines notâsse, quæ plerumque responderent meliùs : deindè
persons observed, which generally succeeded the better: then
cœpisse præcipere ea ægrotantibus. Medicinam sic ortam-(esse)
that they began to prescribe them for the sick. That medicine thus arose (originated)
subinde salute aliorum , interitu aliorum, discernentem perniciosa
frequently by the safety ofsome, by the death of others, distinguishing pernicious
a salutaribus. Deinde remediis jam repertis, homines
from salutary things. Then remedies being already discovered, that men
cœpisse disserere de eorum rationibus (modus operandi) ; nec
began to reason concerning their operations ; nor
medicinam inventam esse post rationem ; sed post medicinam in
that medicine was discovered after theory ; but after medicine was dis
ventam , rationem quæsitam esse. Etiam,
covered (after the discovery of medicine), that theory was investigated. Also,
requirere, si ratio doceat idem quod experientia,
that they inquire, whether theory teaches the same thing which experience

que a naturalibus actionibus, quæ apud eos qui post finem febris id fecerant. Eademque
diversæ erant, sed ab experimentis, prout cui ratione alios inter principia protinus usos esse
que responderant, medendi vias traxerint. Ne cibo pleniore, alios exigno ; gravioresque eos
inter initia quidem ab istis quæstionibus de factos, qui se implerant. Hæc similiaque cum
ductam esse medicinam sed ab experimentis. quotidie inciderent, diligentes homines no
Ægrorum enim qui sine medicis erant, alios tasse, quæ plerumque meliùs responderent :
propter aviditatem primis diebus protinus ci deinde ægrotantibus ea præcipere cœpisse.
bum assumsisse, alios propter fastidium absti Sic medicinam ortam, subinde discernentem
aliorum salute,
nuisse; levatumque magis eorum morbum esse aliorum interitu, perniciosa a
qui abstinuerant. Itemque alios in ipsa febre salutaribus. Repertis deinde jam remediis,
aliquid edisse, alios paulo ante eam, alios post homines de rationibus eorum disserere cœpisse ;
remissionem ejus : optime deinde iis cessisse, nec post rationem, medicinam esse inventam ;
 12 AULUS CORNELIUS CELSUS
an aliud ; si idem, esse supervacuam
(teaches), or another (different) ; if the same, that it (theory) is superfluous ;
si aliud, etiam contrariam . Primo, tamen, remedia
if another, that it is even injurious. At first, nevertheless , that remedies
fuisse exploranda summâ curâ, verò nunc
ought (to have been) to be tried with the greatest care, but that now they
jam explorata esse : neque aut ulla nova genera morborum reperiri,
have already been tried : nor that either any new kinds ofdiseases are found,
aut novam medicinam desiderari. Quòd si aliquod ignotum genus
or is a new medicine desired. But if some unknown kind
mali jam incidat, tamen non ideo fore me.
ofmalady should now happen, yet that it would not therefore be for the
dico cogitandum de obscuris causis ; sed eum
physician to reason concerning occult causes ; but that he should
protinus visurum (esse) cui morbo id sit proximum,
immediately see to what disease it (the new kind of disease) is nearest,
que tentaturum (esse) remedia similia illis, quæ sæpè succurrerint
and would try remedies similar to those, which often relieved
vicino malo, et reperturum (esse) opem per ejûs similitudinem.
the analogous disorder , and would find aid through its similarity.
Enim, neque se dicere medicum non egere
Moreover, that neither do they assert that a physician does not require
consilio, et irrationale animal posse præstare hanc artem ;
deliberation, and that an irrational animal can practise this art;
sed has conjecturas latentium rerum pertinere non ad rem ,
but that these conjectures of hidden things belong not to the matter,
quia intersit non quid faciat morbum , sed quid tollat ; neque
because it matters not what causes the disease, but what removes it; nor
pertineat ad rem quomodo, sed quid optimè
that itpertains to the purpose how (distribution takes place), but what can be best
digeratur ; sive concoctio incidat de hac causâ sive de illa; et
distributed ; whether digestion depend upon one cause 01' another ; and
sive illa sit concoctio, sive tantùm
whether it be concoction (according to Erasistratus, &c.) , 01 only
digestio. Neque esse quærendum quomodò spiremus,
distribution. Nor that it is to be inquired how we breathe (respiration
sed quid expediat gravem que tardum spiritum ; neque
takes place!, but what can relieve laborious and slow breathing ; nor
quid moveat venas, sed quid quæque genera
what moves the vessels (causes pulsation), but what each kind
motus significent. Autem hæc cognosci experimentis.
ofpulsation indicate. But that these things are known by experiments.

sed post inventam medicinam, rationem esse quæ vicino malo sæpe succurrerint, et per ejus
quæsitam. Requirere etiam, ratio idem doceat similitudinem opem réperturum. Neque enim
quod experientia, an aliud ; si idem, super se dicere, consilio medicum non egere, et irra
vacuam esse : si aliud, etiam contrariam. cura
Pri tionale animal hanc artem posse præstare ;
mo tamen remedia exploranda summa sed has latentium rerum conjecturas ad rem non
fuisse, nunc vero jam explorata esse ; neque pertinere ; quia non intersit, quid morbum
aut nova genera morborum reperiri, aut novam faciat, sed quid tollat ; neque ad rem perti
desiderari medicinam. Quod si jam incidat neat,hac
sive quomodo,
de causasedconcoctio
quid optime digeratur
incidat, sive de:
mali genus aliquod ignotum, non ideo tamen
fore medico de rebus cogitandum obscuris : illa ; et sive concoctio sit illa, sive tantum di
sed eum protinus visurum, cui morbo id prox gestio. Neque quærendum esse quomodo spi
imum sit; tentaturumque remedia similia illis, remus, sed quid gravem tardumque spiritum
 MEDICINE, LIB. I. 13
Et in omnibus cogitationibus ejusmodi, posse disseri in
And in all conjectures of that sort, that it may be argued on
utramque partem : itaque ingenium et facundiam vincere ; autem
both sides: therefore that ability and eloquence prevail ; but
.morbos curari , non eloquentiâ , sed remediis. Quæ dis
that diseases are cured, not by eloquence, but by remedies. Which different
creta, si quis elinguis bene norit usu,
things, if any dumb person should be well acquainted with by experience,
hunc futurum aliquantó majorem medicum, quam si excoluerit
that he would be a somewhat greater physician, than if he cultivated
suam linguam sine usu. Atque ea quidem, de
his eloquence without experience. And that those things indeed, concerning
· quibus dictum est, esse tantummodò supervacua; verò id, quod
which it has been spoken, are only superfluous ; but that, which
restat, esse etiam crudele : alvum atque præcordia vivorum
remains, is even cruel : that the belly and the præcordia of living
hominum incidi, et artem præsidem humanæ salutis
persons should be cut into, and that an art the protector of human health
sed hanc
inferre non solum pestem alicui,
should bring not only a pest upon any one, but this (pepest stem etiam even
atrocissimam ; cum, præsertim ex iis, quæ quærantur
the most atrocious ; since, especially of those things, which are sought
tantâ violentiâ, alia possint non cognosci omninò, alia possint,
with such great violence, some cannot be known at all, others may,
etiam sine scelere. Nam colorem , lævorem, mollitiem, duritiem,
even without cruelty. For that the colour, smoothness, softness, hardness,
que omnia similia esse non talia, inciso corpore, qualia
and all similar things are not such, in the dissected body, as
fuerint integro : quia cum, corporibus inviolatis, tamen
they were in the entire (body) : because when, bodies being uninjured, yet
hæc sæpe mutentur metu, dolore, inediâ, cruditate, lassi
these things are often changed by fear, pain, hunger, indigestion, lassi
tudine, mille aliis mediocribus affectibus ; multò magis verisimile
tude, a thousand other minor affections ; much more probable
est interiora, quibus partibu sit major mollities et
is it that the inner parts, to which parts there is greater softness and
lux ipsa nova, mutari, sub gravissimis vulneribus et
the light itself (is) new, should be changed, under the severest wounds and
trucidatione ipsâ. Neque quidquam esse stultius, quàm existimare
murder itself. Nor that any thing is more foolish, than to think
quidque esse tale moriente, immò jam mortuo
that any thing i8 such in a dying, nay even in the already dead

expediat neque quid venas moveat, sed qu alicui, sed hanc etiam atrocissimam, inferre ;
quæque motus genera significent. Hæc autem cum præsertim ex iis, quæ tanta violentia
cognosci experimentis. Et in omnibus ejus- quærantur, alia non possint omnino cognosci,
modi cogitationibus in utramque partem dis- alia possint etiam sine scelere. Nam colorem,
seri posse : itaque ingenium et facundiam lævorem, mollitiem, duritiem, similiaque om
vincere ; morbos autem, non eloquentia, sed nia, non esse talia, inciso corpore, qualia in
remediis
ereta benecurari. Quæ sialiquanto
norit, hunc quis elinguis usu dis-
majorem me- tegro fuerint
hæc tameu : quia
metu, cum, corporibus
dolore, inviolatis,
inedia, cruditate, las
dicum futurum, quam si sine usu liuguam situdine, mille aliis mediocríbus affectibus
suam excoluerit. Atque ea quidem, de quibus sæpe mutentur ; multo magis verisimile est,
est dictum, supervacua esse tantummodo ; id interiora, quibus majormollities, luxipsa nova
vero, quod restat, etiam crudele : vivorum ho- sit, sub gravissimis vulneribus et ipsa trucida
minum alvum atque præcordia incidi, et salu- tione mutari. Neque quidquam esse stultius,
tishumanæ præsidem artem, non solum pestem quam quale quidque vivo homine est, tale ex
 14 A. CORN . CELSI
homine, quale est vivo. Nam uterum quidem, qui
man, as it 18 in the living. For that the belly indeed, which
pertineat minus ad rem , posse diduci,
pertains less to the purpose (is of less vital importance), may be opened,
homine spirante : vero simul atque ferrum accessit ad præ
the man still breathing: but as soon as the knife has reached to the præ
cordia et transversum septum quod diducit superiores
cordia and the transverse partition (midriff) which separates the superior
partes ab inferioribus, quâdam membranâ, Græci vocant
parts from the inferior, by a kind of membrane, the Greeks term it
διάφραγμα (diaphragma ), discissum est, hominem protinùs
(diaphragm) has been divided, that the man immediately
amittere animam ; ita demum necesse est præcordia et
loses his life; 80 indeed it is necessary that the præcordia and
omne viscus mortui dari in conspectum latrocinantis
every viscus ofthe dead man be presented to the sight ofthe murdering
medici tale quale sit mortui, non quale fuit vivi. Itaque
physician such as it is ofone dead, not as it was ofone alive. Therefore
medicum consequi, ut crudeliter jugulet hominem ; non ut sciat
that the physician effects, that he cruelly butcher a man; not that he can know
qualia viscera vivi habemus. Tamen si sit
what sort (of) viscera (whilst) living we have. However if there be
quid quod subjiciatur conspectui, homine adhuc spirante,
any thing which can be presented to view, in a man still breathing,
casum sæpe offerre id curantibus. Enim
that accident often presents that to those curing (practitioners). For
interdum gladiatorem in arenâ, vel militem in acie,
sometimes that the gladiator on the stage, 01 the soldier in thefield ofbattle,
vel viatorem exceptum a latronibus sic vulnerari, ut aliqua
or the traveller attacked by robbers is so wounded, that some
interior pars ejûs aperiatur, et alia pars in alio
interior part ofhim is exposed, and a different parart in a different
V homine ; ita prudentem medicum cognoscere sedem , posituin,
person : thus that theprudent physician discovers the situation, position,
ordinem , figuram, que alia similia, molientem , non cædem ,
arrangement, figure, and other like things, designing, not slaughter ,
sed sanitatem ; que discere id per misericordiam quod alii
but health ; and learns that through humanity which others
cognoverint dirâ crudelitate. Ob hæc,
became acquainted with by terrible cruelty. On account of these things ,
lacerationem mortuorum quidem esse ne necessariam : quæ
that the mangling ofthe dead even is not necessary: which

istimare esse moriente, immo jam mortuo. quid tamen sit, quod adhuc spirante homine
Nam uterum quidem, qui minus ad rem per conspectui subjiciatur,
curantibus. Interdum id sæpegladiatorem
enim casum offerre
in
tineat, spirante homine posse diduci : simul
atque vero ferrum adpræcordia accessit, et dis arena, vel militem in acie, vel viatorem a la
cissum transversum septum est, quod mem tronibus exceptum sic vulnerari, ut ejus inte
brana quadam superiores partes ab inferioribus rioraliqua pars aperiatur, et in alio alia : ita
diducit, (diappayua Græci vocant) hominem sedem, positum, ordinem, figuram, similiaque
protinns animam amittere ; ita mortui demum alia cognoscere prudentem medicum, non cæ
præcordia et viscus omne in conspectum latro dem, sed sanitatem molientem ; idque per mi
cinantis medici dari necesse est tale, quale sericordiam discere, quod alii dira crudelitate
mortui sit, non quale vivi fuit. Itaque con cognoverint. Ob hæc, ne mortuorum quidem
sequi medicum ut hominem crudeliter jugulet ; lacerationem necessariam esse : quæ, etsinon
non ut sciat, qualia vivi viscera habeamus. Si crudelis, tamen fœda sit ; cum aliter pleraque
 MEDICINE, LIB. I. 15
sc. laceratio, etsi non crudelis, tamen sit fœda ; cum
( mangling, although not cruel, yet is loathsome ; since
pleraque habent se aliter in mortui s:
mostthings have themselves otherwise (appear different) in deadbodies :
vero curatio ipsa ostendat quantum potest cognosci
but the dressing (ofwounds) itself shews as much as can be known
in vivis.
in living bodies.
Cum hæc tractata sint sæpe atque tractentur a
Whereas these things have been treated of often and may be treated of by
medicis per multa volumina que per disputationes magnæ
physicians in many volumes and in disputes ofgreat
contentionis ; mihi ) subjiciendum est quæ possint videri proxima
contention ; I must subjoin what may seem nearest
vero. Ea sunt neque addicta alterutri opinioni,
to the truth. Those things are neither devoted to the one orthe other opinion,
neque abhorrentia nimium ab utrâque ; quodammodo media
nor differing too much from both ; in a manner a mean
inter diversas sententias: quod licet scrutantibus
between the different opinions: which it is permitted those searching after
verum sine ambitione deprehendere in plurimis contentionibus ; ut
truth without ambition to admit in most controversies ; as
in hac ipså re. Nam demum quæ causæ vel præstent
in this very matter. For finally what causes either produce
secundam valetudinem vel excitent morbos ; quomodo spiritus
good health or excite diseases ; by what means the breath
aut cibus vel trahatur vel digeratur, ne quidem professores
or thefood either is drawn or distributed, not even the professors
sapientiæ comprehendunt scientiâ, sed persequuntur conjectura.
ofphilosophy understand by a (real) knowledge, but trace out by conjecture.
Autem rei cujûs est non certa notitia, opinio ejûs
But ofthe thing ofwhich there is not a certain knowledge, an opinion ofit
potest non reperire certum remedium. Que est verum nihil
cannot find (discover) a certain remedy. And it is true that nothing
conferre plus ad rationem ipsam curandi quam experientiam .
conduces more to the (rational) method itself ofcuring than experience.
Quanquam igitur sint multa non proprie pertinentia ad artes
Although therefore there be many things not properly belonging to the arts
ipsas, tamen adjuvant eas excitando ingenium
themselves, nevertheless they assist them by quickening the understanding
artificis. Itaque ista contemplatio quoque naturæ rerum ,
ofthe artist. Therefore that contemplation also ofthe nature ofbodies,

in mortuis se habeant : quantum vero in vivis valetudinem præstent, vel morbos excitent ;
cognosci potest, ipsa curatio ostendat. quomodo spiritus, aut cibus, vel trahatur, vel,
Čum hæc per multavolumina, perque magnæ digeratur, ne sapientiæ quidem professores
contentionis disputationes, a medicis sæpe scientia comprehendunt, sed conjectura perse
tractata sint atque tractentur ; subjiciendum quuntur. Cujus autem rei non est certa notitia
est, quæ proxima vero videri possint. Ea ne ejus opinio certum reperire remedium non po
que addicta
utraque alterutri
nimium opinioni ; sunt,
abhorrentia nequequo
media ab test. Verumque est, ad ipsam curandi rationem
nihil plus conferre, quam experientiam.
dammodo inter diversas sententias : quod in Quamquam igitur multa sint, ad ipsas artes,
plurimis contentionibus deprehendere licet, proprie non pertinentia, tamen eas adjuvant,
sine ambitione verum scrutantibus ; ut in hac excitando artificis ingenium. Itaque ista quo
ipsa re. Nam quae demum causæ , vel secundam que naturæ rerum contemplatio, quamvis non
16 A. CORN . CELSI
quamvis non faciat medicum, tamen reddit aptiorem
although it may not make a physician, yet it renders him more fit for
medicinæ. Que est verisimile et Hippocratem et Erasistratum
medicine. And it is probable that both Hippocrates and Erasistratus,
et quicumque alii, non contenti agitare febres et ulcera,
and whatsoever others, not contented to treat fevers and ulcers,
Scrutati sunt quoque ex aliquâ parte naturam rerum, fuisse non
investigated also to some extent the nature ofbodies, were not
ideo quidem medicos, verum exstitisse quoque ideo
on that account indeed physicians, but that they became also on that account
majores medicos. Vero medicinæ ipsæ est (pro habet) opus ratione,
greater physicians. But medicine itself has need of reasoning,
etsi non inter obscuras causas, neque inter naturales
although not amongst the occult causes, nor amongst the natural
actiones, tamen sæpe. Enim hæc ars est conjecturalis, que plerumque
functions, yet often. For this art is conjectural, and oftentimes
non solum conjectura ne respondet ei, sed etiam
not only his conjecture does not answer for him (succeed), but even
experientia non respondet .) Et interdum febris non subsequitur
experience (does not And sometimes fever does not follow
cibus non, somnus non, sicut assuevit.
(its antecedent), food does not, sleep does not, as it has been accustomed.
Rarius, sed aliquando morbus ipse quoque est novus : quem non
More rarely, but sometimes the disease itself also is new: that which does not
incidere est manifeste falsum ; cum quædam nostrâ ætate
happen is manifestly false ; since a certain lady in our own time
carne (utero inverso) prolapsâ ex naturalibus partibus
the flesh having fallen down from the natural parts
et arente exspiraverit intra paucas horas ; sic
(genitals) and becoming dry (gangrenous) expired within a few hours ; so
ut nobilissimi medici invenerint neque genus mali,
that the most celebrated physicians found out neither thegenus ofthe malady,
neque remedium. Quos judico tentasse nihil, eo
nor a remedy. Whom Ijudge to have attempted nothing on this account
quia nemo voluerit periclitari in splendidâ personâ
because no one wished to experiment upon an exalted personage
suâ conjecturâ ; ne videretur occidisse, nisi
upon his own conjecture ; lest he might seem to have killed, unless
servasset : tamen est verisimile aliquem potuisse
he had preserved her : nevertheless it is probable (that that some one) might have
cogitare aliquid, tali verecundiâ detractâ, et id fortasse
thought of something, such diffidence being laid aside, and that that perhaps

faciat medicum, aptiorem tamen medicinæ bus, non somnus subsequitur, sicut assuevit.
reddit. Verique simile est et Hippocratem, et Rarius,
vus est :sed aliquando
quem morbusmanifeste
non incidere, quoque ipse no
falsum
Erasistratum, et quicumque alii, nou contenti est; cum ætate nostra quædam, ex naturalibus
febres et ulcera agitare, rerum quoque naturam
ex aliqua parte scrutati sunt, non ideo quidem partibus carne prolapsa
horas exspiraverit ; sic etut arente, intra paucas
nobilissimi medici
medicos fuisse, verum ideo quoque majores me
dicos exstitisse. Ratione vero opus est ipsi neque genus mali, neque remedium invenerint.
medicinæ, etsi non inter obscuras causas neque Quos eo nihil tentasse judico, quia nemo in
inter naturales actiones, tamen sæpe. Est splendida persona periclitari conjectura sua
enim hæc ars conjecturalis, neque respondet ei voluerit ; ne occidisse, nisi servasset, videretur:
plerumque non solum conjectura, sed etiam veri tamen simile est, potuisse aliquid cogitare,
experientia. Et interdum non febris, non ci detracta tali verecundia, et fortasse responsu
 MEDICINE, LIB. I. 17

responsurum fuisse quod aliquis expertus esset. Ad quod genus

would have succeeded which some one might have tried. Το which kind
medicinæ, neque similitudo semper confert aliquid ; et si
ofmedicine, neither does analogy always contribute something ; and if
quando confert, tamen id ipsum est rationale , cogitare
at any time it does contribute , yet that itself is rational, to consider
inter multa similia genera et morborum et remediorum , quo
amongst the many like kinds both of diseases and of remedies, which
medicamento potissimum utendum sit (nobis. ) Cum igitur talis res
medicine chiefly we ought to use. When therefore such a thing
incidit, oportet (ut) medicus inveniat aliquid, quod
happens, it is expedient that the physician (must) discover something, which
etiam fortasse non respondeat ubique sed tamen
though perhaps it may not answer every where (uniformly) yet nevertheless
sæpius. Autem petet quoque novum consilium, non ab rebus
very often. But he will seek out also a new purpose, not from things
latentibus, enim istæ sunt dubiæ et incertæ, sed ab iis quæ
lying hid, for these are doubtful and uncertain, but from those which
possunt explorari, id est evidentibus causis. Enim interest
can be explored, that is from the evident causes. For it imports
fatigatio, sitis, an frigus, an calor, an vigilia, an fames, an
whetherfatigue, thirst, or cold, or heat, or watching, or hunger, or
abundantia cibi que vini, an intemperantia libidinis, fecerit
excess in food and wine, or intemperance in lust, have caused
morbum. Neque oportet hunc ignorare quæ sit
the disease. Nor does it behove him (the physician) not to know what is
natura ægri ; ejûs corpus sit magis humidum an
the constitution ofthepatient ; whether his body be more moist or
siccum ; nervi validi an infirmi ; adversa valetudo frequens
dry ; his nerves (sinews or tendons) strong or weak ; ill health frequent
an rara ; que ea valetudoy cum est, soleat esse vehemens an
or rare ; and it ill health) when it is present, is accustomed to be severe 09
levis; brevis an longa: quod genus vitæ is secutus sit,
slight; short or long: what kind oflife he has led, (whether)
laboriosum an quietum ; cum luxu, an cum frugalitate. Enim ex
laborious or quiet ; with luxury, or with frugality. For from
his que similibus sæpe nova ratio curandi est ducenda.
these and like things frequently a new method ofcuring is to be deduced.
Quamvis hæc quidem debent ne præteriri sic quasi
However these things indeed • ought not to be passed over 80 as if
recipiant nullam controversiam. Nam et Erasistratus dixit
they admit of no controversy . For even Erasistratus has asserted

rum fuisse id, quod aliquis esset expertus. Ad | bum, an sitis, an frigus, an calor, an vigilia,
quod medicinæ genus, neque semper similitudo an fames fecerit, an cibi vinique abuudantia,
aliquid confert ; et si quando confert, tamen an intemperautia libidinis. Neque ignorare
id ipsum rationale est, inter multa similia hunc oportet, quæ sit ægri natura : humidum
genera et morborum,
quo potissimum et remediorum,
medicamento cogitare, an
sit utendum. magis, an ;siccum
infirmi corpus
frequens ejusvaletudo,
adversa sit ; validiannervi,
rara;
Cum igitur talis res incidit, medicus aliquid eaque cum est, vehemens esse soleat, an levis ;
oportet inveniat, quod non ubique fortasse, brevis, an longa : quod is vitæ genus sit secu
sed sæpius tamen etiam respondeat. Petet tus, laboriosum, an quietum ; cum luxu, an
autem novum quoque consilium, non ab rebus cum frugalitate. Ex his enim, similibusque,
latentibus, istæ enim dubiæ et incertæ sunt, sæpe curandi nova ratio ducenda est.
sed ab iis, quæ explorari possunt, id est, evi Quamvis ne hæc quidem sic præteriri debent,
dentibus causis. Interest enim, fatigatiomor quasi nullam controversiam recipiant. Nam
18 A. CORN. CELSI
morbo non fieri ex his; quoniam et alii
that diseases were not caused by them ; because both different persons
et iidem alias non febricitarent post ista : et quidam
and the same at different times did not fever after them : and some
medici nostri seculi, sub Themisone auctore, ut ipsi
physicians ofour age, under Themison as their author, as theythemselves
volunt videri, contendunt notitiam nullius causæ pertinere
wish to seem , contend that the knowledge of no cause tends
quidquam ad curationes ; que
any thing to cures (is not necessary for the cure ofdiseases) ; and
esse satis intueri quædam communia morborum. Siquidem
that it is sufficient to observe certain things common to (of) diseases. Since that
tria genera horum esse, unum adstrictum
three kinds of these are (exist), the one (gekind nu s
bound (constipating)
alterum fluens tertium mixtum. Nam ægros
another theflowing (relaxing), the third mixed. For that the sick
modo excernere parum modo nimium ; modo parum
sometimes excrete little sometimes too much ; sometimes little
aliâ parte, alià nimium. Autem hæc genera morborum
from one part, from another too much. But that these kinds of diseases
esse modo acuta, modo longa ; et modo increscere,
are at one time acute, at another chronic ; and that sometimes they increase,
modo consistere , modo minui. Igitur cognito eo
sometimes stand still, sometimes are abated. Therefore having discovered that
quod est ex his, si corpus est adstrictum , esse digerendum ;
which itis of them, if the body is bound, that we ought to relax it ;
si laborat profluvio continendum (sc. profluvium ;)
if it labours under a profluvium (sweating) (that) we ought to restrain (suppress it;)
si habet mixtum vitium, subinde esse occurrendum (nobis)
if it has a mixed (complicated) disorder, thatthen we ought to oppose
vehementiori malo. Et (nobis) medendum acutis morbis
the more violent malady. And that we ought to treat acute diseases
aliter, vetustis aliter ; increscentibus aliter subsistentibus
in one way, chronic in another ; increasing ones by one method, those stationary
aliter, aliter jam inclinatis ad sanitatem .
by another, still differently those already inclined to health.
Observationem horum esse medicinam ; quam
That the observance of these things is (constitutes) medicine ; which
ita finiunt, ut quasi quandam viam, quam Græci nominant
they so define, a8 it were a certain routine, which the Greeks name
μέθοδον (methodon ), and que contendant esse contemplatricem
method, contend that it (medicine) is the contemplation

et Erasistratus non ex his fieri morbos dixit ; modo increscere, modo consistere, modo minui.
quoniam et alii, et iidem alias post ista non Cognito igitur eo, quod ex his est, si corpus
febricitarent : et quidam medici seculi nostri, adstrictum est, digerendum esse ; si profluvio
sub auctore, ut ipsi videri volunt, Themisone, laborat, continendum ; si mixtum vitium habet,
contendunt, nullius causæ notitiam quidquam occurrendum subinde vehementiori malo. Et
ad curationes pertinere ; satisque esse, quædam aliter acutis morbis medendum, aliter vetustis;
communiamorborum intueri. Siquidem horum aliter increscentibus,
aliter jam ad sanitatemaliter subsistentibus,
inclinatis. Horum
tria genera esse, unum adstrictum, alterum
fluens, tertium mixtum. Nam modo parum observationem medicinam esse : quam ita fini
excernere ægros, modo nimium ; modo alia unt, ut quasi viam quandam, quam μélodov
parte parum, alia nimium. Hæc autemgenera Græci nominant, eorumque, quæ in morbis
morborum, modo acuta esse, modo longa ; et communia sunt, contemplatricem esse conten
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 19
eorum quæ sunt communia in morbis. Ac
(observance) of those things which are common in diseases. And
neque volunt se adnumerari rationalibus, neque
neither are they willing that they be ranked with the theorists, nor
spectantibus tantum experimenta : cum dissentiant ab illis
with those looking only to experiments : since they disagree from the former
eo nomine, quod nolunt medicinam esse in
in this respect, that they are unwilling that medicine be (consist) in
conjecturâ rerum latentium ; ab his eo, quod credunt
the conjecture ofthings lying hid ; from the latter in this, that they believe
parum artis esse in observatione experimentorum.
that little of the art is (consists) in the observation ofexperiments.
Quod pertinet ad Erasistratum, primum, evidentia ipsa repugnat
What (as) relates to Erasistratus, first, evidence (fact) itself opposes
ejus opinioni ; quia morbus raro venit nisi post aliquid
his opinion; because disease seldom comes on unless after some one
horum . Deinde non sequitur, ut id quod non
ofthese (things). Then it does not follow, that that which does not
afficit. alium, aut eundem alias, ne quidem noceat
affect one person, or the same at a different time, should not indeed hurt
alteri, aut eidem, alio tempore. Enim quædam
another, or the same person, at another time. For some things
possunt subesse corpori , vel ex ejûs infirmitate, vel ex aliquo
may be in the body, or from its infirmity, or from some
affectu, quæ vel sunt non in alio, vel fuerunt non in hoc
affection, which either are not in another, or were not in this
SC. corpore alias ; que ea non tanta ut
( body now affected at another time; and those things not so great that
concitent morbum per se, tamen efficiant corpus
they can excite disease by themselves, yet they may render the body
magis obnoxium aliis injuriis. Quod si comprehendisset satis
more liable to other injuries. But if he had understood sufficiently
contemplationem naturæ rerum quam medici temere
the study ofthe nature ofbodies (Physics) which physicians rashly
vindicant sibi, scisset illud etiam, nihil omnino
claim tothemselves, he would have known this also, that nothing at all
fieri ob unam causam , sed id quod videtur
is produced by a single cause, but that that which seems
contulisse plurimum apprehendi pro causâ.
to have contributed most is to be taken for (considered as) the cause
Autem id quod, dum est solum, potest non movere, junctum
But that which, while it is alone, may not excite, joined

dant. Ac neque rationalibus se, neque experi subesse corpori, vel ex infirmitate ejus, vel ex
menta tantum spectantibus adnumerari vo aliquo affectu, quæ vel in alio non sunt, vel in
lunt : cum ab illis eo nomine dissentiant, quod hoc alias non fuerunt ; eaque per se non tanta,
in conjectura rerum latentium nolunt esse ut concitent morbum, tamen obnoxium magis
medicinam ; ab hisexperimentorum
eo, quod parum artis esse aliis injuriis corpus efficiant. Quod si contem
in observatione credunt. plationem rerum naturæ, quam temere medici
Quod ad Erasistratum pertinet, primum ipsa sibi vindicant, satis comprehendisset, etiam
evidentia ejus opinioni repugnat ; quia raro, illud scisset, nihil omnino ob unam causam
nisi post horum aliquid, morbus venit. Deinde fieri, sed id pro causa apprehendi, quod conta
non sequitur, ut, quod alium non afficit, aut lisse plurimum videtur. Potest autem id, dum
eundem alias, id ne alteri quidem, ant eidem solum est, non movere, quod junctum aliis
tempore alio noceat. Possunt enim quædam maxime movet. Accedit ad hæc, quod ne ipse
 20 A. CORN. CELSI
aliis, movet maxime. Ad hæc accedit, quod ne
to otherthings, excites very much. To these things it is added, that not
quidem Erasistratus ipse, qui dicit febrem fieri sanguine
even Erasistratus himself, who says thatfever is occasioned by blood
transfuso in arterias, que id incidere corpore
being transfused into the arteries, and that that happens from the body
nimis repleto reperit, cur ex duobus
being too much filled (over repleted), has discovered, why of two (persons)
æque repletis, alter incideret in morbum, alter vacaret
equally repleted, the one shouldfall into disease, the other should befree from
omni periculo ; quod apparet fieri quotidie. Ex quo
all danger ; which appears to happen daily. From which
potest disci, ut vera, illa transfusio sit tamen illam
it may be learned however true, that (doctrine of) transfusion may be still that it
non fieri per se, cum corpus est plenum, sed cum
is not produced by itself, when the body is plethoric, but when
aliquid horum accesserit. Vero æmuli Themisonis,
some one ofthese (things) shall be added. But the disciples of Themison,
si habent quæ promittunt, perpetua, sunt, etiam magis
if they consider the things which they assert, universal, are, even more
quam ulli, rationales. Enim neque si quis non tenet omnia
than any, rationals. For neither if any one does not maintain all the
qua alius rationalis probat, protinus indiget
things which another rationalist approves, does he immediately stand in need of
alio novo nomine artis ; si modo, quod est primum,
another new name for his art ; if provided, which is the chief thing,
non insistit memoriæ soli, sed rationi quoque. Sin,
he does not depend on memory alone, but reasoning also. But if,
quod est propius vero, medicinalis ars vix recipit ulla
which is nearer the truth, the medicinal art scarcely admits of any
perpetua præcepta, sunt idem quod ii quos experimenta
universal precepts , they are the same as those whom experiments
sola sustinent : eo magis quoniam quilibet etiam
alone support (empirics) : 80 much the more because any one even
impertissimus videt morbus compresserit an fuderit
the most unskilful perceives whether a disease have bound or relaxed
aliquem : autem quid resolvat compressum, quid teneat
any one: but what can relax a bound, what can astringe
solutum corpus, si est tractum a ratione, medicus est
a relaxed body, if it is deduced from reasoning, the physician is
rationalis ; si, ut est necesse ei qui negat se
a rationalist ; if, us it is necessary for him who denies that he (is)

quidem Erasistratus, qui transfuso in arterias alio novo nomine artis indiget ; si modo, quod
sanguine febrem fieri dicit, idque nimis repleto primum est, non memoriæ soli , sed rationi quo
corpore incidere, reperit, cur ex duobus æque que insistit. Sin, quod vero propius est, vix ulla
repletis, alter in morbum incideret, alter omni perpetua præcepta medicinalis ars recipit, idem
periculo vacaret ; quod quotidie fieri apparet. sunt, quod ii, quos experimenta sola sustinent :
Ex quo disci potest, ut vera sit illa transfusio, eo magis, quoniam, compresserit aliquem mor
tamen illam non per se, cum plenum corpus bus, an fuderit, quilibet etiam impertissimus
est, fieri, sed cum horum aliquid accesserit. videt : quid autem compressum corpus resolvat
Themisonis vero æmuli, si perpetua, quæ pro quid solutum teneat, si a ratione tractum est,
mittunt, habent, magis etiam, quam ulli rati rationalis est medicus ; si, ut ei, qui se ratio
onales sunt. Neque enim, si quis non omnia nalem negat, confiteri necesse est, ab experi
tenet, quæ rationalis alius probat, protinus entia, empiricus. Ita apud eum morbi cognito
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 21

est tractum ab experientia est

rationalem, confiteri he is•)
to confess it has been deduce d from experience
a rationalist, morbi est
empiricus. Ita apud eum cognitio
him knowledge of disease is
an empiric. So with (according to)
medicina intra usum.
extra artem , within experience.
beyond (foreign to) the art, the medicine (remedy)
professioni empiricorum , sed
Neque quidquam adjectum est
been added to the profession of the empirics, but
Nor has any thing
illi circumspiciunt multa,
demtum ; quoniam rics look to many things,
taken away ; becaus e the former (theempi )
tantum facillima, et non plus quam
hi the most easy, and not more than
the latter (the Themisonians) only
Nam et ii, qui medentur pecoribus ac jumentis,
vulgaria. cattle and beasts ofburden,
common things. For even they, who treat
cum possint non nosse propria cujusque (sc. casûs) ex mutis
ofeach case from mute
since they cannot know the peculiarit ies
com munibus tantummodo : et exteræ gentes,
animalibus, insistunt and foreign nations,
rely upon common things only :
animals, subtilem rationem medicinæ,
cum non nove rint
in as much as they were not acquainted with the intricate theory of medicine,
vident communia tantum : et qui nutriunt ampla
only : and they who furnish (with diet) large
look to common things summâ curâ,
e
valetudinaria, quia sustinent non consuler singulis
hospitals, because they cannot consult for individuals with particular care,
ue hercules antiqui medici
confugiunt ad ista communia. Neq
have recourse to those common things. Nor truly were the ancient physicians
etiam
nescierunt istud, sed fuerunt non contenti withhis. Ergo
them. Therefore even
ignorant of that, but they were not content
vetustissimus auctor Hippocrates dixit mederi oportere
that very ancient author Hippocrates has said that to heal it behoved
intuentem et communia et propria. Ac
observing both common and peculiar things. And
( to be aperson) ullo modo
isti ipsi possunt ne
quidem they themselves (the Themisonians) cannot in any way
indeed
intra suam professio nem : siquidem sunt diversa genera
consist ere since there are different kinds
keep within their own profession :
et compre ssorum et fluentium morborum ; que id sc. genus
both of bound and relaxing diseases ; and that い the kind
facilius in iis quæ fluunt. Enim est aliud
potest inspici relax. For it is one thing
can be observed more easily in those which aliud laborare
cibum ;
vomere sanguinem , aliud bilem, aliud
to vomit blood, another bile, another food; one thing to suffer

extra artem, medicina intra usum est. Neque confugiunt. Neque, hercules, istud antiqui
adjectum quidquam empiri corum professioni, contenti non fue
medici nescierunt, sed hisssimus
sed demtum est; quoniam illi multa circum- runt. Ergo etiam vetusti auctor Hip
spiciunt, hi tantum facillima, et non plus, pocrates dixit, mederi oportere, et communia,
et propria intuentem. Ac ne isti quidem ipsi
quam vulgari
jument a. ur,
is medent Namcum cujusquuse ac
ii, qui pecorib
et propria ex intra suam professm ionem consist ere ullo modo
possunt siquide et compressorum et fluen
animalibus
mutis tantum
nibus insistunon
modonosse et exteracommu
nt : possint, gentes tium morborum genera diversa sunt; facilius
cum subtilem medicinæ rationem non noverint, que id in iis, quæ fluunt, inspici potest.
ia tantum vident : et qui ampla vale-
communia Aliud est enim sanguinem, aliud bilem, aliud
tudinar nutriunt, quia singulis summa cura cibum vomere ; aliud dejectionibus, aliud tor
consulere non sustinent, ad communia ista minibus laborare ; aliud sudore digeri, aliad
22 A. CORN. CELSI

dejectionibus, aliud torminibus ; aliud digeri sudore, aliud

from dejections, another from gripes ; one thing to be wasted by sweat, another
consumi tabe. Atque quoque humor erumpit in partes,
to be consumed by wasting. And also a humour breaks out in parts,
ut oculos que aures : quo periculo nullum humanum
as the eyes and the ears : from which danger no human
membrum vacat. Autem nihil horum curatur sic ut
member is free. But nothing ofthese is cured 80 as (in like
aliud. Ita in his medicina descendit protinus a
manner as) another. So in these medicine descends immediately from
communi contemplatione ad propriam fluentis morbi.
the common contemplation to the peculiar one ofa flowing disease (flux).
Atque rursus in hâc quoque, alia notitia
And again in this (contemplation) also, another knowledge
proprietatis est sæpe necessaria ; quia eadem non opitulantur
of peculiarity is often necessary ; because the same things do not relieve
omnibus, etiam in similibus casibus. Siquidem sunt quædam
all people, even in like cases. Although indeed there are some
certæ res quæ in pluribus hominibus aut astringunt aut
certain things which in most persons ) either bind or
resolvunt ventrem : tamen inveniuntur in quibus idem
relax the belly : nevertheless they are found in whom the same thing
eveniat aliter atque in cæteris. In his ergo
happens differently (by different means) than in others. In these therefore
inspectio communium est contraria, propriorum tantùm
the observation ofcommon (things) is hurtful, ofpeculiar (things) alone
salutaris . Et quoque æstimatio causæ sæpe solvit morbum.
salutary. And also a right judgment (as to) the cause often resolves a disease.
Ergo etiam ingeniosissimus medicus nostri seculi, Cassius, quem
Therefore also a very ingenious physician ofour age, Cassius, whom we
nuper vidimus, (e modo dicendi e vita ante discessisse ducendum ) ingessit
lately saw, ingested
cuidam (homini) febricitanti et affecto
(administered) to a certain person labouring under fever and affected
magnâ siti, frigidam aquam, cum cognosset eum cœpisse
with great thirst, cold water, when he had discovered that he began
premi post ebrietatem . Quâ epotâ ille, cum
to be affected after drunkenness. Which being drunk he (Cassius), when
fregisset vim vini miscendo, protinùs discussit febrem
he had broken the force ofthe wine by mixing, immediately discussed the fever
somno et sudore. Quod auxilium medicus opportunè providit, non
by sleep and sweat. Which remedy the physician seasonably provided, not

tabe consumi. Atque in partes quoque humor | aliter, atque in ceteris, idem eveniat. In his
erumpit, ut oculos, auresque quo periculo ergo commuuium inspectio contraria est, pro
nullum humanum membrum vacat. Nihil priorum tantum salutaris. Et causæ quoque
autem horum sic ut aliud cusatur. Ita pro- estimatio supe morbumnostri solvit. Ergo etiam
tinus in his a communi fluentis morbi contem- ingeniosissimus seculi medicus, quem
platione ad propriam medicina descendit. nuper vidimus, Cassius, febricitanti cuidam,
Atque in hac quoque rursus alia proprietatis et magna siti affecto, cum post ebrietatem
uotitia sæpe necessaria est ; quia non eadem eum premi coepisse cognosset, aquam frigidam
omnibus, etiam in similibus casibus, opitu- ingessit. Qua ille epota, cum vini vim mis et
lantur. Siquidem certæ quædam res sunt, cendo fregisset, protinus febrem somno
quæ in pluribus ventrem aut adstringunt, aut sudore discussit. Quod auxilium medicus
resolvunt : inveniuntur tamen, in quibus opportune providit, non ex eo, quod aut ad
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 23
ex eo quòd corpus erat aut adstrictum aut fluebat ; sed
from this that the body was either bound or wasflowing ; but
ex eâ causâ quæ præcesser at anté. Que est etiam
from that cause which had gone before (preceded). And there is even
aliquid proprium et loci et temporis, istis
something peculiar (some peculiarity) both ofplace and of season, according to
auctoribus quoque: qui, cum disputant quema dmodu m sanis
those authors also: who, when they dispute (direct) how healthy
hominibus agendum sit, præcipunt, ut frigus, æstus, satietas, labor,
persons ought to act, direct, that cold, heat, satiety, labour,
libido, vitetur magis aut gravibus locis aut temporibus :
lust, should be avoided more either in unhealthy climates or seasons :
que ut conquiescat magis iisdem locis aut temporibus;
and that (the person) repose more in the same climates or seasons;
si quis sentit gravitatem corporis ; ac neque sollicitet
if a person feels heaviness of the body; and should neither disturb
stomachum vomitu, neque alvum purgatione. Quæ
the stomach by vomiting, nor the bowels by purging. Which (precepts)
quidem sunt vera ; tamen descendunt a communibus ad quædam
indeed are true ; nevertheless they descend from common things to certain
propria. Nisi volunt persuadere nobis sanis quidem
particulars. Unless they wish to persuade us that the healthy indeed
considerandum esse quod cœlum, quod tempus anni, sit ;
ought to consider what the climate, what the season ofthe year, may be ;
vero ægris esse non : quibus omnis observatio est tanto
but that the sick need not : to whom every precaution is by so much
magis necessaria, quanto infirmitas est magis obnoxia offensis .
the more necessary, by how much their weakness is more liable to injuries .
Quin proprietates morborum sunt aliæ atque aliæ
Moreover the peculiarities ofdiseases are others and others (different)
etiam in iisdem hominibus ; et aliquando qui curatus est
even in the same persons; and sometimes (he) who has been treated
frustra secundis sæpe restituitur contrariis (sc. remediis)
in vain byfavourable (appropriate) often is restored by contrary (inappropriate
Que plurima discrimina reperiuntur in dando cibo :
remedies). And many distinctions are found in giving food (in the exhi
cum uno ex quibus ero contentus. Nam
bition offood) : with:) one of which I shall be contented . For truly
adolescens sustinet famem facilius quam puer ; facilius in denso
a young man endures hunger more easily than a boy ; more easily in a dense
quam in tenui cœlo ; facilius hieme quam æstate ;
than in a light atmosphere ; more easily in winter than in summer ;

trictum corpus erat, aut fluebat ; sed ex sanis quidem considerandum esse, quod cœlum,
causa, quæ ante præcesserat. Estque etiam quod tempus anni sit ; ægris vero non esse :
proprium aliquid, et loci et temporis, istis quibus tanto magis omnis observatio necessaria
quoque auctoribus : qui cum disputant, quem est, quanto magis obnoxia offensis infirmitas
admodum sanis hominibus agendum sit, præ est. Quin etiam morborum in iisdem homi
cipiunt, ut gravibus ant locis aut temporibus nibus aliæ atque aliæ proprietates sunt ; et
magis vitetur frigus, æstus, satietas, labor, qui secundissæpealiquando
contrariis frustraPlurimaque
restituitur. curatus est,
in
libido ; magisque ut conquiescat iisdem locis
aut temporibus, si quis gravitatem corporis dando cibouno
contentus discrimina
ero. Nam reperiuntur ex quibus
famem facilius ado
sentit ; ac neque vomitu stomachum, neque
purgatione alvum sollicitet. Quæ vera quidem lescens, quam puer; facilius in denso cœlo,
sunt; a communibus
descendunt. tamen ad quædam
Nisi persuadere nobis propria
volunt, quam in tenui ; facilius hieme, quam æstate ;
facilius uno cibo, quam prandio quoque as
 24 A. CORN. CELSI
homo assuetus uni cibo facilius quam
person accustomed to one meal more easily than (one accustomed)
prandio quoque; inexercitatus facilius quam exercitatus
to a mid-day refreshment also ; an unexercising more easily than an exercising
homo. Autem sæpe festinatio cibi, est magis necessaria in
person. But often the hastening offood, is more necessary in
eo qui tolerat inediam minus. Ob quæ
him who bears hunger not so well. On account of which things
conjicio, eum qui non novit propria, debere
I conjecture (imagine), that he who does not know the peculiarities, ought
tantum intueri communia ; que oportere eum quidem, qui
only to observe common principles ; and that it behoves him indeed, who
potest nosse propria, non negligere illa, (communia) sed insistere
can know the peculiarities, not to neglect the former, but to depend upon
his quoque. Que ideo, cum scientia sit par, tamen
the latter also. And therefore, though the skill be equal, still
amicum medicum esse utiliorem quam extraneum. Igitur,
that an intimate physician is more suitable than a strange one. Therefore,
V ut redeam ad meum propositum , puto quidem medicinam
that I may return to my purpose, I think indeed that medicine
debere esse rationalem : vero instrui ab
ought to be rational (founded on reasoning) : but to be furnished by
evidentibus causis ; omnibus obscuris rejectis, non a
the evident causes ; all the obscure ones being rejected, not from
cogitatione artificis, sed ab arte ipsâ. Autem incidere
the consideration of the artist, but from the art itself. But to dissect
corpora vivorum (sc. hominum) est et crudele et supervacuum :
the bodies ofthe living is both cruel and superfluous :
mortuorum, necessarium discentibus. Nam debent
of the dead, necessary to those learning (for students). For they ought
nosse positum et ordinem : quæ cadavera repræsentant melius
to know the position and order : which dead bodies show better
quàm vivus et vulneratus homo. Sed et cetera quæ
than a living and wounded man. But for the other things which
possunt cognosci modo in vivis, usus ipse monstrabit in
can be discovered only in the living, practice itself will shew in
curationibus ipsis vulneratorum paulo tardius, sed aliquanto
the treatments themselves ofthe wounded a little more slowly, but somewhat
mitius.
more mercifully.
His propositis, primùm dicam quemadmodum conveniat
These things being laid down, Ifirst shall state in what manner it befits

suetus ; facilius inexercitatus, quam exerci | obscuris omnibus, non a cogitatione cidereartificis,
autem
tatus homo sustinet. Sæpe autem in eo magis sed ab ipsa arte rejectis.
necessaria cibi festinatio est, qui minus in vivorum corpora, et crudele, et supervacuum
ediam tolerat. Ob quæ conjicio, eum. qui est mortuorum, discentibus necessarium. Nam
propria non novit, communia tantum intueri positum et ordinem nosse debent : quæ cadavera
debere; eumque, qui nosse propria potest, illa melius, quam vivus et vulneratus homo, repræ
quidem
insistere.non Ideoque,
oportere negligere,
cum parsedscientia sit, sentant. possunt,
his quoque Sed et cetera, quæ modo in vivis
utiliorem tamen medicum esse amicum, quam cognosci in ipsis curationibus vulne
ratorum paulo tardius, sed aliquanto mitius
extraneum. Igitur, ut ad propositum meum usus ipse monstrabit.
redeam, rationalem quidem puto medicinam His propositis, primum dicam, quemadmo
esse debere : instrui vero ab evidentibus causis ; dum sanos agere
1 conveniat : tum ad ea trans
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 25
sanos: agere tùm transibo ad ea quæ pertinebunt
the healthy: to act then shall pass to those things which shall pertain
ad morbos et curationes eorum .
to diseases and the cure of them .

CAP. I.
CHAP. I.

Regimen Sanorum.
Regimen for the Healthy.

Homo sanus, qui et benè valet et est suæ spontis

A man in health, who is both well able and is at his own free will
debet obligare se nullis legibus ; ac egere
(his own master) ought to bind himself by no laws; and to require
neque medico neque iatraliptâ. Oportet hunc habere varium
neither a physician nor an oil doctor. It behoves him to lead a varied
genus vitæ : esse modò ruri, modò in urbe, que
kind oflife: to be at one time in the country, at another in the city, and
sæpius in agro ; navigare, venari, interdum quiescere, sed
more frequently in the field ; to sail, to hunt , sometimes to rest, but
frequentiùs exercere se : siquidem ignavia hebetat corpus,
more frequently to exercise himself: since idleness enervates the body,
labor firmat ; illa reddit senectutem maturam, hic
labour strengthens it ; the former renders old age ripe, the latter
adolescentiam longam. Prodest etiam interdùm
the vigour ofyouth long (prolongs the vigour, &c.) It is of service also sometimes
uti balneo, interdùm frigidis aquis ; modò ungi, modò
to use the bath, sometimes cold waters; sometimes to be anointed, sometimes
negligere id ipsum ; fugere nullum genus cibi quo populus
to neglect that very thing ; to avoid no kind offood which the people
utatur ; interdum esse in convictu, interdum
uses ; sometimes to be ( quidam reddunt ) in society, sometimes
retrahere se ab eo ; modò assumere plus justo,
to withdraw himself from it; sometimes to take more than sufficient,
modò non amplius ; capere cibum bis die potiùs quàm semel ,
sometimes not more ; to take food twice a day rather than once,
et semper quàm plurimum , dummodo concoquat hunc. Sed ut
and always as much as possible, provided he can digest it. But as

sibo, quæ ad morbos curationesque eorum dem ignavia corpus hebetat, labor firmat ;
pertinebunt. illa maturam senectutem, hic longam adoles
centiam reddit. Prodest etiam interdum balneo,
CAP. I.-Regimen Sanorum. SANUS homo, qui interdum aquis frigidis uti ; modo ungi, modo
et bene valet, et suæ spontis est, nullis obli- id ipsum negligere ; nullum cibi genus fugere,
gare se legibus debet ; ac neque medico, neque quo populus utatur ; interdum in convictu
fatralipta egere. Hunc oportet varium habere esse, interdum ab eo se retrahere ; modo plus
vitæ genus : modo ruri esse, modo in urbe, justo, modo non amplius assumere ; bis die
sæpiusque in agro ; navigare, venari, quiescere potius, quam semel cibum capere, et semper
interdum, sed frequentius se exercere : siqui- quam plurimum, dummodo hunc concoquat.
C
26 A. CORN. CELSI
sunt necessarii, sic athletici
exercitationes que cibi hujus generis are necessary, 80 athletic ones
exercises and foods of this kind
ordo exercitationis, intermissus
supervacui . Nam et (being) interrupted
(sunt)
are superfluous. For even the order of exercise, et ea
propter aliquas civiles necessitates, disorde affligit corpus ;
on account of some public urgencies, rs the body ; and those
sunt repleta more eorum 'sc. hominum athleti
corpora whichquæ have been repleted in the manner ofthem (Sc. wrestlers
bodies concubitus
corum celerimè et senescunt et ægrotant. Vero
both grow old and fall sick. But sexual intercourse
very quickly
est neque concupiscendus nimis, neque pertimescendus toonimis :
much :
is neither to be desired too much, nor to be feared
solvit. Autem cum
rarus excitat corpus ; frequens, relaxes it. But since
scanty (concubitus)
venery excites the body; frequent,
ratione
numero, sed naturâ,
sit, non in the number, but the nature, by the consideration
frequens
frequent (intercourse) is, not scire eum
sc. habitâ ætatis et corporis, licet (nobis)
and ofthe body, we may know that that
being given ofthe age corporis,
esse non inutilem , quem neque languor
(sexual intercourse) is not injurious, which neither languor ofbody,
Idem est pejor interdiù, tutior
neque dolor sequitur. The same is worse in the day time, more safe
nor pain follows. statim
noctu : tamen ita, si neque cibus
nevertheless in this order, provid ed that neither food immediately
at night: hunc. Hæc
sequitur illum, neque labor cum vigilia
the latter. These things
follows the former, nor labour with watchi ng
cavendum (est illis) in secundâ
sunt servanda firmis, que
are to be observed by the strong, and they ought to take care that in good
adversæ ne consumantur.
valetudine præsidia (valetudinis ) be not worn out (exhausted).
health the preservatives against bad

CAP. II.
CHAP. II.

Regimen Imbecillorum.
Regimen ofthe Weak.

At major observatio est necessaria imbecillis, in quo

caution is necessary for the weak, in which
But greater

Sed ut hujus generis exercitationes cibique | scire licet, eum non inutilem esse, quem cor
necessarii sunt ; sic athletici supervacui. Nam poris neque languor, neque dolor sequitur.
et intermissus , propter civiles aliquas necessi- Idem interdiu pejorest, tutiornoctu : ita tamen,
tates, ordo nis repleta illum cibus, neque hunc cum vigilia
; et ea si nequestatim
corpora, quæexercitatio
more eorum corpus affligit
suut, celerime
Concubitus verc labor
sunt; cavendumqsequitur.
ue , ne inHæc firmis servanda
secunda valetudine
et senescunt,
neque et ægrotant.
nimis concupisce ndus , neque nimis per- adversæ præsidia consumantur.
timescendus est : rarus, corpus excitat ; fre CAP. II.-Regimen Imbecillorum. AT Imbe
quens, solvit. Cum autem frequens non numero cillis, quo in numero magna pars urbanorum ,
sit, sed natura, ratione ætatis et corporis,
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 27
numero sunt magna pars urbanorum que pæne omnes
number are a great part of the inhabitants ofcities and almost all
cupidi literarum ; ut cura restituat, quod vel ratio
fond of literature ; that care may restore, what either the nature
corporis, vel loci, vel studii detrahit. Ex
ofthe body, or of the situation, or ofthe study takes away. Of
his igitur qui bene concoxit, surget tuto
these persons therefore he who has well digested, will rise safely
mane ; qui parum debet quiescere, et si
in the morning ; he who has not so well ought to rest , and if
fuerit necessitas surgendi mane debet redormire ;
there should be a necessity ofrising in themorning to sleep again ;
qui non concoxit, conquiescere ex toto, ac credere
he who has not digested (ought), to rest altogether, and to trust
se neque labori, neque exercitationi, neque negotiis. Qui
himself neither to labour, nor to exercise, nor to business. Who
ructat crudum sine dolore præcordiorum , is bibere
belches a crude thing without pain of the præcordia, he (ought) to drink
ex intervallo frigidam aquam ; et nihilominus continere se.
at intervals cold water ; and nevertheless to restrain himself.
Vero habitare lucido ædificio habente æstivum perflatum ,
But to inhabit a,lightsome dwelling having the summer's breeze,
hibernum solem ; cavere meridianum solem, matutinum et
the winter's sun; to avoid the mid-day sun, the morning and
vespertinum frigus ; que item auras fluminum atque
evening cold; and also the vapours of rivers and
stagnorum ; que minime committere se soli aperienti
stagnant pools ; and by no means to trust himself to the sun breakingforth
nubilo cœlo ; ne modo frigus, modo calor,
from a cloudy sky ; lest at one time the cold, at another the heat,
moveat ; quæ res maxime concitat gravedines que
excite him ; which thing most of all causes stuffings ofthe head and
destillationes. Vero ista sunt magis servanda gravibus
catarrhs. But these things are to be more observed in unhealthy
locis, in quibus etiam faciunt pestilentiam . Autem licet
places, in which they even cause a pestilence. But we may
scire corpus esse integrum, cum quotidie urina est alba
know that the body i8 healthy, when daily the urinę is pale
mane, dein rufa ; illud significat con..
in the morning, then reddish ; theformer shows that (the person) is di
coquere, hoc concoxisse. Ubi aliquis experrectus est, debet
gesting, the latter that he hasdigested. When any one has awoke, he ought

omnesque pæne cupidi literarum sunt, obser lucido, perflatum æstivum, hibernum solem ha
vatio major necessaria est; ut quod vel corporis, bente ; cavere meridianum solem, matutinum et
vel loci, vel studii ratio detrahit, cura restituat. vespertinum frigus ; itemque auras fluminum
Ex his igitur, qui bene concoxit, mane tuto sur atque staguorum; minimeque, nubilo cœlo,modo
soli
get; qui parum, quiescere debet, et si mane aperienti se committere, ne modo frigus,
surgendi necessitas fuerit, redormire : qui non calor moveat ; quæ res maxime gravedines des
concoxit, ex toto conquiescere, ac neque labori tillationesque concitat. Magis vero gravibus
" se, neque exercitationi, neque negotiis credere. locis ista servanda sunt, in quibus etiam pesti
Qui crudum sine præcordiorum dolore ructat, lentiam faciunt. Scire autem licet, integrum
is ex intervallo aquam frigidam bibere, et se
nihilominus corpus esse, cum quotidie mane urina alba,
continere. Habitare vero ædificio dein rufa est : illud concoquere, hoc concox
c2
28 A. CORN. CELSI

intermittere paulum ; deinde, nisi est hiems , fovere

to remain quiet for a little ; then, unless it is winter, to wash
OS multâ frigidâ aquâ: longis debus, meridiari
the mouth with much cold water: in thelong days, to take the mid-day nap
potius ante cibum ; sin minus, post eum . Per hiemem
rather before food; but if not, after it. During the winter
conquiescere potissimum totis noctibus : sin lucubrandum
to rest chiefly during the whole night : but if he must study by
est (ei), non facere id post cibum, sed post concoctionem.
candle-light, not to do that after a meal, but after digestion.
Huic est servandum aliquod tempus curationi sui corporis,
He must reserve some time for the care ofhis body,
quem vel domestica vel civilia officia tenuerunt interdiu.
whom either domestic or public duties have occupied during the day.
Autem prima curatio ejûs est exercitatio, quæ debet semper
But thefirst care ofit is exercise, which ought always
antecedere cibum ; amplior in eo, qui laboravit minus et
to precede food: greater in him, who has laboured less and
concoxit bene ; remissior, in eo qui est fagitatus, et
has digested well ; slighter, in him who i8 fatigued, and
concoxit minus. Vero lectio clara, arma, pila, cursus,
has digested not so well. But reading aloud, arms, theball, running,
ambulatio, exercent commode ; atque hæc utique non plana
walking, exercise suitably; and the latter moreover not level
est commodior ; siquidem ascensus, et
(not on level ground) i8 more advantageous ; since the ascent, and
quoque descensus, moveat corpus melius cum quâdam varietate,
likewise the descent, exercises the body better with sonie variety,
nisi tamen id est perquam imbecillum ; autem est
except however it is very weak ; but it (exercise) is
melior sub divo quam in porticu : melior, Si caput
better in the open air than under a piazza : better, if the head
patitur, in sole quam in umbra ; melior in umbra quam
permits, in the sun than in the shade ; better in the shade which
parietes aut viridia efficiunt, quam quæ subest tecto ; melior
walls or groves form, than that which is under aroof; better
recta quam flexuosa. Autem finis exercitationis debet
straight than in a bending direction. But the end ofexercise ought
plerumque esse sudor, aut certe lassitudo quæ sit
generally to be sweating, or at least a weariness which should be
citra fatigationem ; que id ipsum est faciendum modo
on this side fatigue ; and that itself is to be done sometimes

isse significat. Ubi experrectus est aliquis, | est, et minus concoxit, remissior. Commode
paulum intermittere : deinde, nisi hiems est, vero exercent, clara lectio, arma, pila, cursus,
fovere os multa aqua frigida debet. Longis ambulatio ; atque hæc non utique plana, com
diebus meridiari potius ante cibum ; sin minus, modior est ; siquidem melius ascensus quoque
et descensus, quadam varietate
cumidperquam corpus
post eum : per hiemem
bus conquiescere. Sinpotissimum est,nocti-
lucubrandumtotis non moveat, nisi tamen imbecillum est.
post cibum id facere, sed post concoctionem. Melior autem est sub divo, quam in porticu ;
Quem interdiu vel domestica, vel civilia officia melior, si caput patitur, in sole, quam in um
tenuerunt, huic tempus aliquod servandum bra ; melior in umbra, quam parietes aut viri
tecto subest ; melior
curationi corporis sui est. Prima autem ejus dia efficiunt, quam quæ Exercitationis autem
curatio, exercitatio est, quæ semper antecedere recta, quam flexuosa.
cibum debet: in eo, qui minus laboravit, et plerumque finis esse debet sudor, aut certe
bene concoxit, amplior; in eo, qui fatigatus | lassitudo quæ citra fatigationem sit : idque
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 29
minus, modo magis. Ac his quidem, debet ne esse,
less, sometimes more. And in these things even, there ought not to be,
exemplo athletarum , certa lex, vel immodicus labor.
after the example ofwrestlers, an invariable rule, or immoderate labour.
Unctio vel in sole vel ad ignem modo recte sequitur
Anointing either in thesun or before thefire sometimes properly follows
exercitationem ; modo balneum, sed conclavi, et alto et
exercise; sometimes the bath, but in a chamber, both as high and
lucido, et spatioso quam maxime. Vero oportet neutrum
ightsome, and spacious as possible. But it behoves neither
ex his fieri semper, sed alterutrum sæpius
of these to be done continually, but one or the other more frequently
pro naturâ corporis. Post hæc est opus
according to the nature ofthe body. After these things there is need
conquiescere paulum. Ubi est ventum ad cibum, nimia
to rest a little. When it is come to food, too great
satietas est nunquam utilis, nimia abstinentia sæpe inutilis ;
satiety is never good, too great abstinence often unprofitable ;
si subest qua intemperantia est tutior in potione quam in
if there is any intemperance it is safer in drink than in
escâ. Cibus incipit melius a salsamentis, oleribus, que
food. A meal begins better on salt-fish, vegetables, and
similibus rebus ; tum caro est assumenda, quæ est optima assa
similar things; then meat is to be taken, which is best roasted
aut elixa. Omnia condita sunt inutilia de duabus
or boiled. All high seasoned things are injurious from two
causis, et quoniam plus assumitur propter dulcedinem , et
causes, both because more is taken on account oftheir pleasantness, and
quod est modo par tamen concoquitur ægrius.
what is only sufficient nevertheless is digested with more difficulty.
Secunda mensa nocet nihil bono stomacho ; coacescit in
A second table (a dessert) hurts not a good stomach ; it turns sour in
imbecillo. Si quis itaque parum valet, hoc assumit
a weak one. If any one therefore is not strong, in this he takes
palmulas, que poma, et similia, melius primo cibo.
dates , and apples, and the like, better at the beginning of the meal.
Post multas potiones, quæ aliquantum excesserunt sitim ,
After much drinking, which have somewhat exceeded thirst,
est edendu m nihil ; post satietatem est agendum nihil. Ubi
he ought to eat nothing ; after satiety he ought to do nothing. When
aliquis est expletus, concoquit faciliùs si includit quicquid
any one has been satiated, he digests more easily if he incloses whatever

ipsum,
est. Acmodo
ne hisminus, modo
quidem, magis faciendum
athletarum exemplo, oleribus, similibusque rebus melius incipit : tum
vel certa esse lex, vel immodicus labor debet. caro
est. assumenda est, quæ
Condita omnia assadeoptima,
duabus causisaut elixa
inutilia
Exercitationem recte sequitur, modo unctio, sunt ; quoniam et plus propter dulcedinem as
vel in sole, vel ad ignem ; modo balneum, sed sumitur, et quod modo par est, tamen ægrius
conclavi quam maxime et alto et lucido et concoquitur. Secunda mensa bono stomacho
spatioso. Ex his vero neutrum semper fieri nihil nocet, in imbecillo coacescit. Si quis
oportet; sed sæpins alterutrum, pro corporis | itaque hoc parum valet, palmulas, pomaque, et
natura. Post hæc paulum conquiescere opus similia melius primo cibo assumit. Post mul
est. Ubi ad cibum ventum est, nunquam utilis tas potiones, quæ aliquantum sitim excesserunt,
est nimia satietas ; sæpe inutilis nimia absti nihil edendum est: post satietatem, nihil a
nentia : si qua intemperantia subest, tutior est gendum. Ubi expletus est aliquis, facilius con
in potione, quam in esca. Cibus a salsamentis, coquit, si quidquid assumsit, potione aquæ fri
30 A. CORN. CELSI
assumsit potione frigidæ aquæ ; tum invigilat paulisper,
he has taken in a draught of cold water ; then keep awake a little while
deinde dormit bene. Si quis implevit se interdiú,
afterwards sleeps well. If any one has filled himself in the day,
debet post cibum committere se neque frigori, neque
he ought after his meal to expose himself neither to cold, nor
æstui, neque labori ; enim neque hæc nocent inani corpori,
to heat, nor to labour ; moreover neither do these things hurt anempty body,
tam facilè qùam repleto. Si inedia est futura de
80 easily as a full one. If fasting is about to be (to take place) from
quibus causis, omnis labor est vitandus.
any causes, all labour is to be avoided.

CAP. III.
CHAP. III.

Regimen Fortuitorum.
Management of Accidental Circumstances.
Atque hæc (præcepta) quidem sunt pæne perpetua : tamen
And these precepts indeed are almost universal : however
et novæ res, et genera corporum , et sexus, et
both new circumstances, and the kinds ofbodies, and the sexes, and
ætates, et tempora anni desiderant quasdam observationes. Nam
ages, and seasons ofthe year require certain observations. For
neque est transitus ex salubri loco in gravem,
neither is the change from a healthy situation into an unhealthy one,
neque ex gravi in salubrem, satis tutus. Est 1
nor from an unhealthy into a healthy one, sufficiently (very) safe. It is
melius transire ex salubri in gravem primà
better to pass from a healthy place into an unhealthyone atthe beginning
hieme ; ex gravi in eum qui est salubris
ofwinter ; from an unhealthy into that which is healthy
primâ æstate. Vero neque est nimia satieta s ex
at the beginning of summer. But neither is over repletion after
multâ fame, neque fames ex nimiâ satieta te idonea.
long fasting, nor fasting, after over repletion proper.
Que et qui assumit cibum incontinenter semel, et qui
And both he who takes food immoderately once, and he who

gidæ includit, tum paulisper invigilat, deinde | observationes desiderant et novæ res, et corpo
bene dormit. Si quis interdiu se implevit, post rum genera, et sexus, et ætates, et tempora
cibum neque frigori, neque æstui, neque labori ni. Nam neque ex salubri loco in gravem, an ne
se debet committere : neque enim tam facile que ex gravi in salubrem transitus
prima satis
hiemetutus
hæc inani corpore, quam repleto nocent. Si est. Ex salubri, in gravem, ; ex
quibus de causis
vitandus est. futura inedia est, labor omnis gravi in eum, qui salubris est, prima æstate
transire melius est. Neque vero ex multa fame
CAP. III.- Regimen Fortuitorum. ATQUE hæc idoneanimia satietas ; neque ex nimia satietate fames
est. Periclitaturque et qui semel, et qu
quidem pæne perpetua sunt. Quasdam autem bis die cibum incontinenter, contra consuetu
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 31
assumit bis die, contra consuetudinem , periclitatur. Item
takes it ) twice in a day, contrary to custom , is in danger. Likewise
neque est subitum otium ex nimio labore, neque subitus labor
neither is sudden idleness from excessive labour, nor sudden labour
ex nimio otio sine gravi noxâ. Ergo, cum quis
from excessive idleness without serious injury. Therefore, when a person
volet mutare aliquid, debebit assuescere (se ei)
shall wish to change any thing, he will be obliged to accustom himself to it
paulatim . Etiam vel puer vel senex sustinet omnem
gradually. Also even aboy or an old man endures every (sort of)
laborem facilius quam homo insuetus. Atque ideo
labour more easily than a man unused to it. And on that account
quoque nimis otiosa vita est non utilis ; quia necessitas
also a too idle life is not advantageous ; because a necessity
laboris potest incidere. Si tamen quando aliquis insuetus
for labour may happen. If however at any time any person unaccustomed
laboravit, aut si is etiam , qui assuevit,
(to it) has laboured, 07 if he even, who has been accustomed to it,
multo plus quam solet, huic est dormiendum jejuno ; multo
much more than he is used to, he ought to sleep fasting; so much
magis si OS etiam est amarum , vel Oculi caligant, aut
the more if the mouth also is bitter, or the eyes are dim, or
venter perturbatur. Enim tum non tantummodo dormiendum est
the belly is disturbed. Moreover then not only ought he to sleep
jejuno, sed etiam permane ndum 1 in posterum diem, nisi
fasting, but likewise he ought to remain for the next day, unless
quies cito sustulit id. Quod, si factum est oportet
rest has quickly removed that. Which, if it has been done it behoves him
surgere et ambulare paululum lentè. At si non fuit
to rise and to walk a little slowly. But if there has not been
necessitas somni, quia aliquis laboravit magis modicè,
a necessity for sleep, because a person has laboured more moderately,
tamen debet ingredi aliquid eodem modo. Deinde
yet he ought to walk a little in the same manner. Then
communia omnibus sumturis cibum post fatigationem sunt;
the common precepts for all about to take food after fatigue are;
ubi ambulaverunt paulúm, si est non balneum, debent
when they have walked a little, if there is no bath, they ought)
ungi calido loco, vel in sole, vel ad ignem, atque
to be anointed in a warm place, or in the sun, or before the fire, and
sudare; si est balneum ante omnia debent sedere
to sweat ; if there is ( a bath :) before all things (theyought to sit

dinem, assumit. Item, neque ex nimio labore venter perturbatur. Tum enim non dormien
subitum otium, neque ex nimio otio subitus la dum tantummodo jejuno est, sed etiam in pos
bor, sine gravi noxa est. Ergo, cum quis mu terum diemQuod
sustulit. permanendum ; nisi
si factum est, cito idoportet,
surgere quies
tare aliquid volet, paulatim debebit assuescere. et lente paululum ambulare. At si somni ne
Omnem etiam laborem facilius vel puer vel
senex, quam insuetus homo sustinet. Atque cessitas non fuit, quia modice magis aliquis
ideo
quia quoque
potest nimis otiosa
incidere vita utilis
laboris non estSi;
necessitas. laboravit, tamen ingredi
debet. Communia deindealiquid
omnibuseodem
suntmodo
post
quando tamen insuetus aliquis laboravit, aut fatigationem cibum sumturis ; ubi paulum am
si multo plus, quam solet, etiam is, qui assue bulaverunt, si balneum non est, calido loco,
vit, huicjejuno dormiendum est : multo magis, vel in sole, vel ad ignem ungi, atque sudare ;
si etiam os amarum est, vel oculi caligant, aut si est, ante omnia in tepidario sedere ; deinde,
 32 A. CORN. CELSI
in tepidario ; deinde ubi conquieverunt paulúm intrare et
in the tepidarium; then when they have rested a little to enter and
descendere in solium ; tum ungi multo oleo, que
descend into the solium ; then to be anointed with much oil, and
perfricari leniter ; iterum descendere in solium : post hæc
to be rubbed gently ; again to descend into the solium : after these things
fovere OS calida aquâ deinde frigida. Fervens balneum
to wash the mouth with warm water then with cold. A hot bath
est non idoneum his. Ergo si alicui nimium fatigato est
is not fit for them. Therefore if a person over fatigued has
pæne febris, est abunde huic demittere se, tepido loco,
almost a fever, it is sufficient for him to lower himself, in a warm place,
tenus inguinibus in calidam aquam, cui paulum olei sit adjectum:
up to the groins in warm water, to which a little oil has been added :
deindé perfricare leniter quidem totum corpus, tamen maxime
then to rub gently even the whole body, but especially
eas partes quæ fuerunt in aquâ, ex oleo, cui vinum
those parts which have been in the water, with oil, to which wine
et paulùm contriti salis adjectum sit. Post hæc est aptum
and a little bruised salt has been added. After these things itis proper
omnibus fatigatis sumere cibum, que uti eo humido : esse
for all fatigued persons to take food, and to use it moist : that they
contentos aquâ, vel potione certe dilutâ, que
be contented with water, or with drink at least diluted (with it), and
maximè câ quæ moveat urinam . Quoque oportet nôsse
especially with that which excites the urine. Also it is proper to know
illud, quod frigida potio est perniciosissima sudanti ex
this, that cold drink is very pernicious to one sweating from
labore ; atque cum sudor etiam remisit se
labour; and when the sweating even has remitted itself (hath ceased),
est inutilis fatigatis itinere. Asclepiades quoque
(iit is unserviceable to those fatigued by a journey. Asclepiades also
judicavit eam inutilem venientibus a balneo ; quod est verum
judged it inexpedient to those coming from the bath ; which is true
in iis quibus alvus facilè, nec tuto, resolvitur que
in (regard) those in whom the belly is easily, nor safely, relaxed and
qui facile inhorrescunt ; est non perpetuum in omnibus, cum
who easily shiver ; it is not a general rule in all cases, though
sit potiùs naturale æstuantem stomachum refrigerari potione.
it be rather natural that a burning stomach be cooled by a draught.
Quod ità præcipio, ut tamen fatear ad huc
Which I 80 lay down, that nevertheless I confess that (a person) as yet

ubi paulum conquieverunt,intrare,et descendere | vel certe diluta potione esse contentos ; maxi
in solium;tum multo oleo ungi, leniterque per meque ea, quæ moveat urinam. Illud quoque
fricari; iterum in solium descendere : post hæc, nosse oportet, quod ex labore sudanti frigida
os
hisaqua calida
fervens fovere,nondeinde
idoneum frigida.
est. Ergo Balneum
si nimium ali potio perniciosissima est ; atque etiam, cum
sudor se remisit, itinere fatigatis inutilis. A
cuifatigato pæne febris est,huic abunde est,loco balneo quoque venientibus Asclepiades inutilem
tepido demittere se inguinibus tenus in aquam eam judicavit ; quod in iis verum est, quibus
calidam, cui paulum olei sit adjectum ; deinde alvus facile, nec tuto, resolvitur, quique
totum quidem corpus, maxime tamen eas inhorrescunt : perpetuum in omnibus nonfacile
est,
partes, quæ in aqua fuerunt, leniter perfricare cum potius naturale sit, potione æstuantem
exoleo, cui vinum et paulum contriti salis sit stomachum refrigerari. Quod ita præcipio, ut
adjectum. Post hæc, omnibus fatigatis aptum tamen fatear, ne ex hac quidem causa sudanti
est, cibum sumere, eoque humido uti ; aqua, adhuc frigidum bibendum esse. Solet etiam
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 33
sudanti ne esse bibendum frigidum, quidem ex hac causâ.
sweating ought not to drink any thing cold, even for this purpose.
Vomitus etiam solet prodesse post varium cibum , que
Vomiting also is accustomed to be beneficial after a varied repast, and
frequentes dilutas potiones, et postero die, longa quies, deinde
frequent diluted draughts, and on the next day, long rest, then
modica exercitatio. Si assidua fatigatio urget, invicem modo
moderate exercise. If constant fatigue oppresses, by turns sometimes
aqua modò vinum est bibendum , que utendum balneo raro.
water sometimes wine is to be drank, and he is to usa the bath seldom.
Que etiam mutatio laboris levat lassitudinem : que id quod est in
And even a change of labour eases weariness : and that which is in
consuetudine reficit eum , quem novum genus ejusdem laboris
custom (habitual) refreshes him, whom a new kind ofthe same labour
pressit. Quotidianum cubile est tutissimum fatigato. Enim
has oppressed. His usual daily couch is the safest for one fatigued. For
quod est contra consuetudinem, seu molle seu durum , lassat.
what is contrary to custom (unusual), whether soft 01 hard, wearies.
Quædam pertinent proprie ad eum , qui fatigatur ambulando.
Some precepts belong peculiarly to him, who is fatigued by walking.
Frequens frictio quoque in itinere ipso reficit hunc ; post
Frequent friction also during thejourney itself refreshes him ; after
iter, primùm sedile, deindè unctio ; tum foveat
the journey, at first a seat, after that anointing; then he should bathe
superiores partes magis quàm inferiores calidâ aquâ in balneo.
the upper parts more than the lower with warm water in the bath.
Vero si quis exustus est in sole, huic est protinus eundum
But if aperson has been burnt in the sun, he ought immediately to go
in balneum, que perfundendum corpus que caput oleo ; dein
into the bath, and to bathe the body and the head with oil; then
est descendendum in benè calidum solium ; tùm multa
heought to descend into a well heated solium ; then a great deal
aqua, priùs calida, deindè frigida, est infundenda per caput.
(of) water, at first warm, then cold, is to be poured over his head.
At est opus ei, qui perfrixit, primum
But it is needful for him, who has become very cold (been frost-bitten), first
involuto, sedere in balneo donèc insudet, tùm ungi,
wrapped up, to sit in the bath until he sweat, then to be anointed,
deindè lavari : assumere modicum cibum, meracas potiones.
afterwards to be washed : to take moderate food, undiluted drinks
Vero is, qui navigavit, et est pressus nausea, debet, si
But he, who has sailed, and has been oppressed with sickness, ought, if

prodesse, post varium cibum, frequentesque | post iter, primum sedile, deinde unctio ; tum
dilutas potiones, vomitus, et postero die longa calida aqua in balneo magis superiores partes,
quies, deinde modica exercitatio. Si assidua quam inferiores, foveat. Si quis vero exustus
fatigatio urget, invicem modo aqua, modo in sole est, huic in balneum protinus eundum,
vinum
Levatquebibendum est, raroque
lassitudinem etiam balneo
laboris utendum. perfundendumque
mutatio : in oleo corpus
solium bene calidum et caput; deinde
descendendum est ;
eumque, quem novum genus ejusdem laboris tum multa aqua per caput infundenda, prius
pressit, id, quod in consuetudine est, reficit. calida, deinde frigida. At ei, qui perfrixit,
Fatigato quotidianum cubile tutissimum est. opus est in balneo primum involuto sedere,
Lassat enim quod contra consuetudinem seu donec insudet ; tum ungi ; deinde lavari : ci
molle, seu durum est. Proprie quædam ad bum modicum, potiones meracas assumere.
eum pertinent, qui ambulando fatigatur. Hunc Is vero, qui navigavit, et nausea pressus est,
reficit in ipso quoque itinere frequens frictio si multam bilem evomuit, vel abstinere cibo
C3
 34 A. CORN . CELSI
evomuit multam bilem, vel abstinere cibo, vel assumere
he vomited much bile, either to abstain from food, or to take
aliquid paulum ; si effudit acidam pituitam, utique sumere
something sparing; if he has pouredforth acid phlegm, likewise to take
cibum, sed leviorem assueto ; si nausea fuit sine
food, but lighter than usual ; if the nausea has been without
vomitu, vel abstinere, vel vomere post cibum. Vero huic
vomiting, either to abstain, or to vomit after food. But he must
nihil est currendum , qui sedit toto die vel in vehiculo
not run at all, who has been sitting the entire day either in a carriage
vel in spectaculis, sed ambulandum lentè : quoque lenta mora
or at the public shows, but ought to walk slowly: also a long stay
in balneo, dein exigua cœna, consueverunt prodesse. Si
in the bath, then a scanty supper, have been accustomed to be serviceable. If
quis æstuat in balneo, acetum exceptum ore et
aperson is very hot in the bath, vinegar taken in the mouth and
retentum in eo, reficit hunc ; si id est non in promptu,
kept in it, refreshes him ; if that is not at hand, }
frigida aqua assumta eodem modo.
cold water taken in the same manner.
Autem ante omnia, quisque norit natu
But above all things, let every one have become acquainted with the
ram sui corporis : quoniam alii sunt graciles, alii obesi ; alii
nature ofhis body : since some are thin, others fat; some
calidi, alii frigidiores ; alii humidi, alii sicci ; adstricta
hot, others colder; some moist, others dry; a costive
alvus exercet alios, resoluta alios : rarò quisquam habet non
belly troubles some, a relaxed others : seldom any one has not
aliquam partem corporis imbecillam. Vero tenuis homo debet
some part of his body weak. But the spare man ought
implere se plenus extenuare, calidus refrigerare,
tofill himself, the plethoric to reduce himself, the warm to cool himself,
frigidus calefacere, madens siccare, siccus madefacere ; que
the cold to heat himself, the moist to dry, the dry to moisten himself; and
item is firmare alvum , cui fusa ; is,
likewise he to strengthen (astringe) his belly, to whom it is relaxed ; he,
cui est adstricta, solvere; que est semper succurrendum
to whom it is bound, to relax it; and we must always relieve
parti laboranti maxime.
the part suffering most of all.
Autem modica exercitatio implet corpus, frequentior quies,
But moderate exercise fills the body, more frequent rest,

debet, vel paulum aliquid assumere : si pituitam sui corporis : quoniam alii graciles, alii obesi
acidam effudit, utique sumere cibum, sed as sunt; alii calidi, alii frigidiores ; alii humidi,
sueto leviorem : si sine vomitu nausea fuit, vel alii sicci ; alios adstricta, alios resoluta alvus
abstinere, vel post cibum vomere. Qui vero exercet raro quisquam non aliquam partem
toto die, vel in vehiculo, vel in spectaculis corporis imbecillam habet. Tenuis vero homo
sedit, huic nihil currendum, sed lente ambu implere se debet, plenus extenuare, calidus re
landum
dein cœnaestexigua
: lentaprodesse
quoque consueverunt.
in balneo mora, Si frigerare, frigidus: calefacere,
siccus madefacere madens
itemque alvum siccare,
firmare is,
quis in balneo æstuat, reficit hunc ore ex cui fusa ; solvere is, cui adstricta est ; succur
ceptum, et in eo retentum acetum ; si id non rendumque
est. semper parti maxime laboranti
est, eodem modo frigida aqua assumta
Ante omnia autem norit quisque naturam Implet autem corpus modica exercitatio,
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 35
unctio, et si .est post prandium, balneum, contracta alvus,
anointing, and if it is after luncheon, the bath, a bound belly,
modicum frigus hieme, somnus et plenus et non nimis
moderate cold in winter, sleep both sound and not too
longus, molle cubile, securitas animi, maxime dulcia et pinguia
long, a soft bed, tranquillity ofmind, very sweet and fat things
assumta per cibos et potiones, cibus et frequentior,
taken for food and drinks, the food both more frequent,
plenissimus, et quantus potest concoqui. Calida
the richest, and as much as can be digested. Warm
aqua, si quis descendit in eam , extenuat corpus,
water, if a person descend into it, reduces the body,
que magis, si est salsa ; balneum, in jejuno,
and more 80, if it is salt; the bath , on an empty stomach,
inurens sol, et omnis calor, cura, vigilia, somnus,
the scorching sun, and every (sort of) heat, care, watching, sleep,
vel nimium brevis vel longus; lectus terra per æstatem ;
either too short or long ; the bed the earth during the summer ;
durum cubile hieme; cursus, multa ambulatio, que omnis
ahard bed in the winter ; running, much walking, and all
vehemens exercitatio, vomitus, dejectio, acidæ et austeræ res,
violent exercise, vomiting, purging, acid and austere things,
et assumtæ semel die, et potio vini non perfrigidi
and taken once a day, and a draught ofwine not very cold
jejuno adducta in consuetudinem.
(while) fasting brought into a custom.
Vero cum posuerim vomitum et dejectionem inter
But though I have placed vomiting and purging amongst
extenuentia, quædam quoque sunt proprie dicenda
the extenuants, some things also are properly (specially) to be said
de his. Video vomitum rejectum esse ab Asclepiade in
concerning them. I see that vomiting has been rejected by Asclepiades in
eo volumine quod composuit de tuendâ sanitate ; neque
that volume which he wrote about preserving the health ; nor
reprehendo, si est offensus consuetudine eorum qui
do Iblame him, if he is displeased with the custom ofthem who
moliuntur facultatem vorandi ejeciendo quotidie . Idem
attempt (aim at) the power of devouring by throwing up daily. The same person
processit etiam paulo longius ; expulit purgationes
has gone even a little further; he expelled (interdicted) purgings
quoque eodem volumine. Et eæ sunt perniciosa, si
also in the same volume. And they are injurious, if

frequentior quies, unctio, et si post prandium | acidæ res et austeræ, et semel die assumtæ, et
est, balneum, contracta alvus, modicum frigus vini non perfrigidi potio jejuno in consuetu
hieme, somnus et plenus et non nimis longus, dinem adducta.
molle cubile, animi securitas, assumta per Cum vero inter extenuantia posuerim vo
mitum et dejectionem,
cibos et potiones maxime dulcia et pinguia, quædam de his quoque proprie
cibus et frequentior et quantus plenissimus dicenda sunt. Rejectum esse ab
potest concoqui. Extenuat corpus aqua calida, Asclepiade quod de
vomitum in eo volumine,neque
si quis in eam descendit, magisque si salsa tuenda sanitate composuit, video ; re
est ; in jejuno balneum, inurens sol et omnis prehendo, si offensus eorum est consuetudine,
calor, cura, vigilia, somnus nimium vel brevis qui quotidie ejiciendo vorandi facultatem
vel longus ; lectus, per æstatem, terra ; hieme, moliuntur. Paulo etiam longius processit ;
durum cubile ; cursus, multa ambulatio, om idem purgationes quoque eodem volumine ex
Disque vehemens exercitatio, vomitus, dejectio; pulit . Et sunt eæ perniciosa, si nimis va
36 A. CORN. CELSI
fiunt nimis valentibus medicamentis. Sed tamen
they are done (effected) by too powerful medicines. But nevertheless
est non perpetuum, hæc esse submovenda, quia
it is not universally true, that these things are to be wholly put aside, because
ratio corporum et temporum potest facere ea necessaria'
the nature of bodies and seasons may make those things necessary
dùm adhibeantur et modo et non nisi cum
provided they be used both with moderation and not except when
est opus. Ergo ille ipse quoque confessus est, si quid
there is need. Therefore he himself also has confessed, if any thing
esset jam corruptum , debere expelli ; ita res est non
was already corrupted, that it ought to be expelled ; So the thing is not
condemnanda ex toto. Sed possunt esse etiam plures causæ ejûs;
to be condemned entirely. But there may be eren many causes for it;
que quædam paulo subtilior observatio est adhibenda in eâ.
and a somewhat a little more nice observation is to be used in it.
Vomitus est utilior hieme quàm æstate ; nam tum subest
Vomiting is more serviceable in winter than in summer ; for then there is
et plus pituitæ, et gravitas capitis major. Est
both more of phlegm, and the weight ofthe head greater. It is
inutilis gracilibus et habentibus imbecillum stomachum : utilis
injurious to thin people and those having a weak stomach : beneficial
omnibus plenis et biliosis, si vel nimium replerunt se
to all plethoric and bilious persons, if either they have over repleted themselves,
vel parùm concoxerunt. Nam sive est plus quam quod
or have not 80 well digested. For whether he eats more than what
possit. concoqui, non oportet periclitari ne corrumpatur : sive
can be digested, it is not fit to risk that it be corrupted : or if
corruptum est, nihil est commodius quàm ejicere id viâ
itis corrupted, nothing is more advantageous than to eject it by the way
quâ potest primùm expelli. Itaque ubi sunt amari ructus
by which it can be first expelled. Therefore when there are bitter eructations
cum dolore et gravitate præcordiorum, est protinùs
with pain and (sense of) weight ofthe præcordia, we must immediately
confugiendum ad hunc. Idem (vomitus) prodest ei cui pectus
have recourse to it. The same benefits him to whom the chest
æstuat, et est frequens saliva vel nausea ; aut aures
is hot, and there is afrequent (flow of) saliva or nausea; or the ears
sonant, aut oculi madent, aut OS est amarum : que
ring, or the eyes water, or the mouth is bitter: and
similiter ei qui mutat vel cœlum vel locum : que
in like manner him who changes either the climate or situation : and

lentibus medicamentis fiunt. Sed hæc tamen plenis et biliosis omnibus, si vel nimium se
submovenda esse, non est perpetuum ; quia replerunt, vel parum concoxerunt. Nam, sive
corporum temporumque ratio potest ea facere plus est, quam quod concoqui possit, periclitari
necessaria, dum et modo, et non nisi cum opus ne corrumpatur, non oportet : sive corruptum
est, adhibeantur. Ergo ille quoque ipse, si est, nihil commodius est, quam id, qua via
quid jam corruptum esset, expelli debere con primum expelli potest, ejicere. Itaque, ubi
fessus est; ita non ex toto res condemnanda amari ructus cum dolore et gravitate præcor
est.
estqueSedinesse ejus etiam
ea quædam plures
paulo subtilior possunt ; | est.
causæobservatio diorumIdem ad huncei,protinus
sunt,prodest confugiendum
cui pectus estuat, et
adhibenda. Vomitus utilior est hieme, quam frequens saliva, vel nausea est ; aut souant
æstate : nam tum et pituitæ plus, et capitis aures, aut madent oculi, aut os amarum est :
gravitas
et major subest.
imbecillum stomachumInutilis est gracilibus,
habentibus similiterque ei, qui vel cœlum, vel locum
: utilis mutat ; iisque, quibus, si per plures dies non
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 37
118 quibus, si non vomuerunt per plures dies, dolor
those in whom, if they have not vomited for several days, pain
infestat præcordia. Neque ignoro quietem præcipi inter
troubles the præcordia. Nor am I ignorant that rest is ordered during
hæc, quæ potest non semper contingere habentibus
these things , which (quies) cannot always happen to those having
necessitatem agendi, nec facit idem in omnibus.
a necessity ofdoing (business), nor does it act alike in all persons.
Itaque confiteor non oportere istud fieri causâ
Therefore I confess that it does not behoove that that be done forthe sake
luxuriæ : credo experimentis interdum recte fieri
ofluxury : I believe from experiments that sometimes it is rightly done
causâ valetudinis : cum eo tamen, ne quis qui
for the sake ofhealth : with this proviso however, let not any one who
volet valere et senescere, habeat hoc quotidianum.
shall wish to be in health and to grow old, make this a daily (practice) .
Qui volet vomere post cibum, si facit ex facili, debet
He who shall wish to vomit after food, if he does (80) easily, ought
assumere ante tepidam aquam tantum : si difficiliùs, adjicere
to take beforehand warm water only : if more difficultly, to add
paulum vel salis vel mellis aquæ. At qui est vomiturus
a little either ofsalt or honey to the water. But he who is to vomit
mane, debet antè bibere mulsum, vel hyssopum ,
in the morning, ought previously to drink mulse (honeyed wine), or hyssop,
aut esse radiculam ; deindè bibere tepidam aquam, ut est scriptum
or to eat horseradish ; then to drink warm water, as has been written
suprà. Cetera quæ antiqui medici præceperunt, omnia
above. The other things which the ancient physicians have directed, all
infestant stomachum. Post vomitum, si stomachus est
injure the stomach. After vomiting, if the stomach is
infirmus , paulum cibi , sed hujus idonei, est gustandum ; et tres
weak, a little food, but that suitable, is to be tasted ; and three
cyathi frigidæ aquæ sunt bibendi ; nisi tamen vomitus
glasses of cold water are to be drank ; except however the vomiting
exasperavit fauces. Qui vomuit, si fecit id manè,
has irritated the fauces. He who has vomited, if he has done it in the morning,
debet ambulare, tum ungi, deindè cœnare ; si (fecit) post
ought to walk, then to be anointed, afterwards to dine ; if after
cœnam , postero die lavari, et sudare in balneo. Cibus
dinner, on the next day to be washed, and to sweat in the bath. The meal
proximus huic mediocris est utilior : que is debet esse
next to this a moderate is more wholesome : and it ought to be

vomuerunt, dolor præcordia infestat. Neque aut esse radiculam debet ; deinde, aquam
iguoro, inter hæc præcipi quietem : quæ non tepidam, ut supra scriptum est, bibere. Cetera,
semper contingere potest agendi necessitatem quæ antiqui medici præceperunt, stomachum
habentibus ; nec in omuibus idem facit. Ita- omnia infestant. Post vomitum, si stomachus
que istud luxuriæ causa fieri non oportere infirmus est, paulum cibi, sed hujus idonei
confiteor; interdum valetudinis causa recte gustandum,
bendi sunt; etnisiaquæ frigidæ cyathi tres bi
fieri, experimentis credo : cum eo tamen, ne tamen vomitus fauces exas
quis, qui valere et senescere volet, hoc quoti- peravit. Qui vomuit, si mane id fecit, ambulare
si post
dianum habeat.
si ex facili facit, Qui vomere
aquam posttepidam
tantum cibum volet,
ante cœnam, postero die lavari, etcœnare:
debet, tum ungi, deinde in balneo sudare.
debet assumere ; si difficilius, aquæ vel salis, Huic proximus cibus mediocris utilior est ;
vel mellis paulum adjicere. At qui mane vo- isque esse debet cum pane hesterno, vino
miturus est, ante bibere mulsum vel hyssopum, austero meraco, et carne assa, cibisque omni
38 A. CORN. CELSI

cum hesterno pane, austero meraco vino, et assâ

with (consist of) yesterday's bread, rough pure wine, and roast
carne, que omnibus cibis quam siccissimis. Qui vult vomere
meat, and all foods as dry as possible. He who wishes to vomit
bis in mense, consulet melius, si continuarit biduo
twice in a month, will consult better, if he should continue it for two
quàm si vomuerit post quintumdecimum diem ;
days together, than if he should vomit after the fifteenth day ;
nisi hæc mora faciet gravitatem pectori. Autem dejectio
unless this delay shall cause a weight at the breast. But purging
est petenda medicamento quoque, ubi venter suppressus reddit
is to be sought by medicine also, when the belly constipated voids
parùm , que ex eo inflationes, caligines, dolores capitis,
little, and from that flatulencies, dimness ofsight, puins ofthe head,
que alia mala superioris partis increscunt. Enim quid possunt
and the other maladies of the upper part increase. For what can
quies et inedia adjuvare inter hæc per quæ illa
rest and fasting help in these things through which they (the former)
maximè eveniunt ? Qui volet dejicere, primum
mostly happen ? He who shall wish to purge himself, in the first place
utatur iis cibis que vinis quæ præstent hoc ; dein si illa
should use those foods and wines which effect this ; then if these
parum proficient, sumat aloën. Sed ut purgationes sun
shall not avail, he should take aloes. But as purgings are
interdùm necessariæ, sic quoque ubi sunt frequentes, afferunt
sometimes necessary, 80 also when they are frequent, they bring
periculum. Enim corpus assuescit non ali ; cum
danger. For the body is accustomed not to be nourished ; whereas
infirmitas sit maximè obnoxia omnibus morbis. Autem
its weakness is very liable to all (kinds of) diseases. But
unctio calefacit, salsa aqua, que magis si est calida, omnia
anointing heats, salt water, and the more if it is hot, all
salsa, amara, carnosa, si est post cibum, balneum , austerum
salt, bitter, fleshy things, if it is after food, the bath, rough
vinum . Balneum et in jejuno refrigerat ; et somnus, nisi
wine. The bath also whilstfasting is cooling ; and sleep, unless
est nimis longus, et omnia acida ; aqua quàm frigidissima ; oleum ,
it is too long, and all acid things; water as cold as possible; oil,
si miscetur aquâ. Autem labor major quàm ex consuetudine
if it is mixed with water. But labour greater than ordinary
efficit corpus humidum, frequens balneum, plenior cibus, multa potio ;
renders the body moist, a frequent bath, fuller diet , much drink ,

bus quam siccissimis. Qui vomere bis in mense que, ut interdum necessariæ sunt, sic, uhi
vult, melius consulet, si biduo continuarit, frequentes sunt, periculum afferunt. Assuescit
quam si post quintumdecimum diem vomuerit ; enim non ali corpus ; cum omnibus morbis
nisi hæc mora gravitatem pectori faciet. obnoxia maxime infirmitas sit. Calefacit au
Dejectio autem medicamento quoque petenda tem
omniaunctio,
salsa,aqua salsa,carnosa,
amara, magisquesisipost
calida est,
cibum
est, ubi venter suppressus parum reddit, ex
eoque inflationes, caligines, capitis dolores, est, balneum, vinum austerum. Refrigerat in
aliaque superioris partis mala increscunt. jejuno et balneum, et somnus, nisi nimis
Quid enim inter hæc adjuvare possunt quies longus est, et omnia acida ; aqua quam frigid
et inedia, per quæ illa maxime eveniunt? Qui issima : oleum, si aqua miscetur. Humidum
dejicere volet, primum cibis vinisque utatur autem corpus efficit labor major, quam ex
iis, que hoc præstent ; dein, si parum illa consuetudine, frequens balneum, cibus plenior,
proficient, aloën sumat. Sed purgationes quo multa potio ; post hæc ambulatio, et vigilia ;
 MEDICINE LIB . I. 39
post hæc ambulatio, et vigilia : quoque multa et vehemens ambulatio
after these walking, and watching: also much and brisk walking
per se, et cibus non protinùs adjectus matutinæ exercitationi :
ofitself, and food not immediately added to morning exercise :
ea genera escæ quæ veniunt ex frigidis et pluviis et
those kin offood which come from cold and rainy and
irriguis locis. Contrà, modica exercitatio siccat, fames,
watered places. On the other hand, moderate exercise dries, hunger,
unctio sine aquâ, calor, modicus sol, frigida aqua,
anointing without water, heat, a moderate sun, cold water,
cibus statim subjectus exercitationi, et is ipse cibus veniens
food immediately subjected to exercise, and that itself food coming
ex siccis et æstuosis locis.
from dry and sultry places.
Labor adstringit alvum, sedile, figularis creta illita
Labour binds the belly, a seat (sedentary habits), potters' chalk smeared
corpori, imminutus cibus, et is ipse assumtus semel die
on the body, a reduced diet, and that itself taken once in the day
ab eo qui solet (sumere) bis ; exigua potio, neque adhibita, nisi
by him who is used twice ; little drink, nor used, except
cum quis cœpit quantum cibi est assumturus ; quies post
when a person has taken as much food as he is about to take ; rest after
cibum. Contrà, aucta ambulatio atque esca solvit, motus
food. On the other hand, increased walking and food relaxes, the motion
m
qui est post cibu , potiones immixtæ subinde cibo.
which is after food, the drinks mixed occasionally with the food.
Oportet scire illud quoque, quòd vomitus comprimit solutum
It behooves to know this also, that vomiting binds a relaxed
ventrem , solvit compressum : que is vomitus, qui est statim
belly, relaxes a bound one : and that vomiting, which is immediately
post cibum , item comprimit ; is, qui tardè supervenit, solvit.
after food, likewise binds ; that, which slowly supervenes, relaxes.
Vero quod pertinet ad ætates, mediæ ætates sustinent inediam
But as relates to ages, the middle ages sustain hunger
facillimè, juvenes minûs, pueri et confecti senectute
most easily, young men less, boys and those worn out with old age
minimè. Quò minùs facilè quisque fert (inediam) eò sæpiùs
least of all. The less easily every one bears it, 80 much the oftener
debet assumere cibu m; que qui increscit eget eo maxime.
ought he to take food ; and he who is growing wants it most ofall.
Calida lavatio est apta et pueris et senibus. Dilutius vinum
Warm bathing is fit both for boys and old men. A more diluted wine

per se quoque ambulatio multa et vehemens, et cibum quies. Contra solvit aucta ambulatio
matutinæ atque esca, motus qui post cibum est, subinde
jectus ; ea exercitationi quæ protinus
genera escæ, non cibus ad
veniunt ex locis potiones cibo immixtæ. Illud quoque scire
frigidis, et pluviis, et irriguis. Contra siccat oportet, quod ventrem vomitus solutum com
modica exercitatio, fames, unctio sine aquâ, primit, compressum solvit : itemque comprimit
calor, sol modicus, frigida aqua, cibus exerci is vomitus, qui statim post cibum est; solvit
tationi
æstuosisstatim subjectus, et is ipse ex siccis et is,Quod
qui tarde supervenit.
ad ætates vero pertinet, inediam fa
locis veniens.
Alvum adstringit labor, sedile, creta figu cillime sustinent mediæ ætates, minusjuvenes,
laris corpori illita, cibus imminutus, et is minime pueri et senectute confecti. Quo minus
ipse semel die assumtus ab eo, qui bis solet ; fert facile quisque, eo sæpius debet cibum
exigua potio, neque adhibita, nisi cum cibí assumere ; maximeque eo eget, qui increscit.
quis quantum assumturus est, cepit ; post Calida lavatio et pueris et senibus apta est.
 CELSI
CORN
A.
4109

.
pueris, meracius senibus, quæ movent inflationes neutri
forboys, apurer for old men, those which excite flatulencies for neither
ætati. Interest juvenum minùs, quæ assumant et quomodo
age. It imports youths less what they take and how
curentur. Juvenibus quibus alvus fluxit,
they are treated. In the youths in whom the belly has been relaxed,
plerumque contrahitur senectute : quibus fuit adstricta in
generally it is contracted in old age: in whom it has been bound in
adolescentiâ, sæpe solvitur in senectute. Autem fusior
youth, frequently it is relaxed in old age. But a more rela.red
SC. est melior in juvene, adstrictior in sene.
alvus) is
c.belly better in a young man, a more bound in an old.
· Oportet considerare quoque tempus anni. Convenit esse
It behooves to consider also the time of the year. It is expedient to eat
plus hieme, bibere minùs, sed meraciùs ; uti multo
more in the winter, to drink less, but purer; to use plentyof
pane, carne potiùs elixâ, oleribus modice ; capere cibum
bread, meat in preference boiled, vegetables moderately : to take food
semel die, nisi si venter est nimis adstrictus. Si aliquis
once in a day, except if the belly is too costive. If a person
prandet, est utilius sumere aliquid exiguum , et ipsum
lunches, it is more proper to take something sparing, and itself
siccum , sine carne, sine potione. Eo tempore anni
dry, without meat, without drink. At this time ofthe year
est potius utendum omnibus calidis vel moventibus calorem .
we must rather use all things hot or exciting heat.
Venus est non tum æquè perniciosa. At vere
Venery is not then 80 pernicious. But in spring,
demendum est paulùm cibo que adjiciendum
we ought to take away a little from the food (to reduce the diet) and to add
potioni; sed tamen bibendum est dilutiùs ; utendum
to the drink ; but nevertheless we must drink more diluted; we must use
carne magis, oleribus magis ; transeundum paulatim ab
flesh more, vegetables more ; we must pass by degrees from
elixis ad assa. Venus est tutissima eo tempore anni.
boiled to roast things. Venery is safest at this time ofthe year.
Vero æstate corpus eget et potione et cibo
But in summer the body wants both drink and food
sæpiùs ; ideò est commodum prandere quoque. Eo
more frequently; therefore it is advantageous to lunch also. At
tempore et caro et olus sunt aptissima ; potio
that season both flesh and vegetables are most suitable; the drink

Vinum dilutius pueris, senibus meracius, neutri | aliquis, utilius est exiguum aliquid, et ipsum
setati, quæ inflationes movent. Juvenum mi siccum sine carne, sine potione sumere. Eo
nus, quæ assumant, et quomodo curentur, tempore anni calidis omnibus potius utendum
interest. Quibus juvenibus fluxit alvus, ple est, vel calorem moventibus. Venus tum non
rumque in senectute contrahitur ; quibus in æque perniciosa est At vere paulum cibo de
adolescentia fuit adstricta, sæpe in senectute mendum, adjiciendumque potioni, sed dilntius
solvitur.
in Melior est autem in juvene fusior, tamen bibendum est ; magis carne utendum,
sene adstrictior. magis oleribus ; transeundum paulatim ad
Tempus quoque anni considerare oportet. assa ab elixis. Venus eo tempore anni tutis
Hieme plus esse convenit ; minus, sed meracius sima est. Estate vero et potione et cibo
bibere; multo pane uti, carne potius elixa, commodum
sæpius corpus ; ideo prandere quoque
modice oleribus; semel die cibum capere, nisi est. eget
Eo tempore aptissima sunt et
si nimis venter adstrictus est. Si prandet caro et olus ; potio quam dilutissima, ut et
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 41

quàm dilutissima, ut et tollat sitim, nec incendat

as much diluted as possible, 80 that it may both take away thirst, nor inflame
corpus ; frigida lavatio, assa caro, frigidi cibi, vel qui
the body; cold bathing, roast meat, cold foods, or which
refrigerent. Autem ut utendum cibo, sæpiùs sic est
are cooling. But as we must use food oftener 80 we must
utendum exiguo. Vero per autumnum est maximum
use it sparing(ly). But during the autumn, there is the greatest
periculum propter varietatem cœli. Itaque
danger on account ofthe variableness of the weather. Therefore
oportet prodire neque sine veste neque sine
it is expedient to go out neither without a garment nor without
calceamentis, que præcipue frigidioribus diebus, neque dormire
shoes, and especially on the colder days, nor to sleep
nocte sub divo, aut certè benè operiri. Vero jam
at night in the open air, or at least to be well covered. But now
licet uti paulò pleniore cibo, bibere minùs sed
itis allowable to use a little fuller diet, to drink less but
meraciùs. Quidam putant poma nocere, quæ
purer. Some think that orchard fruits do mischief, which
plerumque assumuntur sic immodicè toto die, ut
generally are taken 80 immoderately the whole day, (that
ne quid remittatur ex densiore cibo. Ita non hæc sed
nothing can be remitted from the denser food. Thus not these but
consummatio omnium nocet. In nullo ex quibus tamen
the sum total ofall injures. In none of which however
est minus noxæ quâm in his. Sed non convenit uti
is there less (of)injury than in these. But it is not expedient to use
his sæpiùs quàm alio cibo. Denique est necessarium
these oftener than other food. Finally it is necessary
aliquid demi densiori cibo cum hic (sc. alius aut
that something be taken from the more solid food when this
densior cibus) accedit. Vero Venus est - utilis neque æstate
is added. But venery i8 advantageous neither in summer
neque autumno ; tamen (est) tolerabilior per autumnum ; est
nor in autumn ; nevertheless it is more tolerable during the autumn ; we
abstinendum in totum æstate, si potest fieri.
ought to abstainfrom it altogether in the summer, if it can be done.

sitim tollat, nec corpus incendat ; frigida la putant, quæ ne

assumuntur, immodice
quid extoto die plerumque
densiore sic
cibo remitta
vatio, caro assa, frigidi cibi, vel qui refrigerent.
Ut sæpius autem cibo utendum, sic exiguo est. tur: ita non hæc, sed consummatio omnium
Per autumnum vero, propter coli varietatem, nocet. Ex quibus in nullo tamen minus, quam
periculum maximum est. Itaque neque sine in his noxæ est. Sed his uti non sæpius, quam
veste, neque sine calceamentis prodire oportet, alio cibo convenit. Denique aliquid densiori
præcipueque diebus frigidioribus, neque sub cibo, cum hic accedit, necessarium est demi.
divo nocte dormire, aut certe bene operiri. Neque æstate vero, neque autumno utilis venus
Cibo vero jam paulo pleniore uti licet ; minus, est ; tolerabilior tamen per autumnum ; æstate
sed meracius bibere. Poma nocere quidam in totum, si fieri potest, abstinendum est.
42 A. CORN. CELSI

CAP. IV.
CHAP. IV.

Regimen Laborantium Partibus.

Management of those suffering in parts.
Proximum est, ut dicam de iis qui habent aliquas
The next thing is, that I speak of those who have some
partes corporis imbecillas. Cui est caput infirmum, is, si
parts ofthe body weak. Who has the head weak, he, if
concoxerit bene, debet mane perfricare id leniter suis
he have digested well, ought in the morning to rub it gently with his own
manibus ; nunquam velare id veste si potest fieri ;
hands; never to cover it with a nightcap if it can be done ;
tonderi ad cutem : que Lest it utile vitare lunam,
to be clipped to the scalp : and to avoid the moon,
(is) advantageous
que maximè ante concursum ipsum lunæ que solis ;
and especially before the conjunction itself ofthe moon and sun ;
sed nusquam post cibum . Si cui sunt capilli, debet
but never after food. If aperson have hairs,
pectere eos quotidie; ambulare multum, sed si licet,
to comb them daily; to walk much , but if itis possible,
neque sub tecto, neque in sole; autem utique vitare
neither under a roof, nor in the sun ; but also to avoid
ardorem solis, que maxime post cibum et vinum ;
the heat of the sun, and especially after food and wine ;
ungi potius quam lavari ; nunquam ungi ad
to be anointed rather than bathed ; never to be anointed before
flammam ; interdum ad prunam. Si venit in balneum ,
aflame ; sometimes before live coals. If he comes into the bath,
primum insudare paulum sub veste in tepidario, ibi
first to sweat a little under his clothes in the tepidarium, there
ungi, tum transire in calidarium ; ubi sudarit, non
to be anointed, then to pass into the calidarium ; when he has sweated, not
descendere in solium , sed perfundere se totum per
to descend into the solium, but to bathe himself entirely over
caput multâ calidâ aquâ, tum tepidâ, deinde frigidâ,
the head with much hot water, then with warm , afterwards with cold,
que perfundere caput eâ diutius quam ceteras partes ; deinde
and to bathe his head with it longer than the other parts; then

tidie pectere ; multum ambulare, sed, si licet,

CAP. IV. Regimen Partibus Laborantium. neque sub tecto, neque in sole ; utique autem
PROXIMUM est, ut de iis dicam, qui partes ali
quas vitare solis ardorem, maximeque post cibum et
corporis imbecillas habent. Cui caput vinum ; potius ungi, quam lavari ; nunquam
infirmum est, is, si bene concoxerit, leniter ad flammam
balneum ungi,
venit, subinterdum ad prunam.
veste primum paulumSi in
in
perfricare id mane manibus suis debet ; nun
quam id, si fieri potest, veste velare ; ad cutem tepidario insudare, ibi ungi, tum transire in
tonderi ; utileque lunam vitare, maximeque calidarium; ubi sudarit, in solium non descen
ante ipsum lunæ solisque concursum ; sed nus dere, sed multa calida aqua per caput se totum
quam post cibum. Si cui capilli sunt, eos quo perfundere, tum tepida, deinde frigida ; dinti
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 43

perfricare id aliquamdiu ; novissimè detergere et ungere. Nihil

to rub it for some time ; lastly to wipe and to anoint. Nothing
prodest capiti æque atque frigida aqua : itaque is, cui
benefits the head so much as cold water : therefore he, who
est hoc infirmum, debet. quotidie per æstatem subjicere id
has this weak, ought daily during the summer to expose it
aliquamdiu bene largo canali. Autem semper, etiamsi
for some time to a tolerably large pipe. But always, although
unctus est sine balneo, neque sustinet refrigerare totum
he has been anointed without the bath, · nor bears to cool the whole
corpus, tamen perfundere caput frigidâ aquâ. Sed cum
body, nevertheless to bathe the head with cold water. But when
nolit cæteras partes attingi, debet demittere id
he is unwilling that the other parts be touched, he ought to hang it
ne aqua descendat ad cervices ; que subinde
(down) lest the water descend to the shoulders ; and frequently
regere eam (aquam) defluentem ad hoc, • caput,
to throw back it flowing down upon it, thehead,')
manibus, ne noceat quid, oculis ve aliis partibus,
with his hands, lest it hurt any thing, the eyes or the other parts.
Huic modicus cibus est necessarius, quem concoquat
For this person moderate food is necessary, which he can digest
facile; que is, si caput læditur jejuno, est assumendus etiam
easily; and it, if the head is hurt byfasting, is to be taken even
medio die ; si non læditur semel potius.
in the middle ofthe day ; if it is not hurt once in preference.
Expedit huic bibere assidue lene dilutum vinum, magis
It is expedient for him to drink constantly light diluted wine, rather
quam aquam ; ut cum caput cœperit esse gravius,
than water ; that when the head shall begin to be more heavy,
sit quo confugiat : que neque vinum neque aqua
there may be whither he can fly: and neither wine nor water
ex toto sunt semper utilia ei : utrumque est medicamentum,
wholly are always advantageous to him : each is a medicament,
cum assumitur invicem. Est non opus huic scribere,
when it is taken by turns. It is not expedient for thisperson to write,
legere, contendere voce, utique post cœnam ;
to read, to contend with the voice (to declaim), especially after dinner ;
post quam ne quidem cogitatio est satis tuta ei ; tamen,
after which not even thinking is very safe for him ; however,
vomitus est maxime alienus.
vomiting is highly improper.

usque ea caput, quam ceteras partes perfan- cibus necessarius est, quem facile concoquat ;
dere
sime;detergere
deinde idetaliquamdiu
ungere. perfricare : novis-
Capiti nihil æque isque, si jejuno
etiam medio die estcaput læditur,
: si non læditur,assumendus
semel po
prodest atque aqua frigida : itaque is, cui tius. Bibere huic assidue vinum dilutum, lene,
hoc infirmum est, per æstatem id bene largo quam aquam, magis expedit : ut, cum caput
canali quotidie debet aliquamdiu subjicere. gravius esse cœperit, sit quo confugiat : eique
Semper autem, etiamsi sine balneo unctus est, ex toto neque vinum, neque aqua semper utila
neque
tameu totum corpus refrigerare
aqua frigida perfundere.sustinet,
Sed cum caput
ce- sunt ; assumitur.
vicem medicamentum utrumque
Scribere, est,voce
legere, cumcon
in
teras partes attingi nolit, demittere id, ne ad tendere, huic opus non est, utique post cœnam;
cervices aqua descendat ; eamque, ne quid
oculis, aliisve partibus noceat, defluentem su- post quamtamen
maxime ne cogitatio
vomitusquidem
alienuseiest.
satis tuta est ;
binde manibus ad hoc regerere. Huic modicus
44 A. CORN. CELSI

CAP. V.
CHAP. V.

Regimen Lippientium, &c.

Regimen for those suffering from Sore Eyes, &c.
Vero neque usus frigidæ aquæ prodest his solis
But neither does the use ofcold water benefit those alone (only)
quos imbecillitas capitis torquet ; sed iis etiam quos assiduæ
whom weakness ofthe head tortures ; but those also whom constant
lippitudines, gravedines , destillationes, que tonsillæ
lippitudes, stuffings ofthe head, catarrhs, and affections ofthe tonsils
male habent. Autem his est non tantum perfundendum caput
badly affect. But they ought not only to bathe the head
quotidie, sed quoque fovendum OS multâ frigidâ aquâ:
daily, but also to wash the mouth with much cold water :
que omnibus præcipue quibus hoc auxilium est utile, est
and all especially to whom this remedy is serviceable, ought
utendum eo ubi Austri reddiderunt cœlum
to use it when the south winds have rendered the atmosphere
gravius. Que cum aut contentio aut agitatio animi
more sickly. And as either debating or agitation ofthe mind
sit inutilis omnibus post cibum, tum præcipue iis qui
is injurious to all after food, 80 especially to those who
consuerunt habere dolores vel capitis, vel arteriæ,
have been accustomed to have pains either ofthe head, or of the trachea,
vel quoslibet alios affectus oris. Gravedines etiam que
01 any other affections ofthe mouth. Stuffings ofthe head also and
destillationés possunt vitari, si qui est opportunus his
catarrhs may be avoided, if he who is subject to them
mutat loca que aquas quam minime ; si protegit
changes the situations and waters as little as possible ; if he covers
caput in sole, ne incendatur, neve subitum frigus ex
his head in the sun, that it be not inflamed, nor sudden cold from
repentino nubilo moveat id ; si jejunus, radit caput post
an unexpected cloud excite it; if fasting, he shaves the head after
concoctionem ; si neque legit neque scribit post cibum.
digestion; if he neither reads nor writes after food.

CAP. V.-Regimen Lippientium, &c. NEQUE | cibum aut contentio, aut agitatio animi ; tum
vero his solis, quos capitis imbecillitas torquet, iis præcipue, qui vel capitis vel arteria dolores
usus aquælippitudines,
assidua frigidæ prodest ; sed iis etiam,
gravedines, quos fectus.
destillati- habere consuerunt,
Vitari etiamvelgravedines,
quoslibet alios oris af
destillatio
ones, tonsillæque male habent. His autem non nesque possunt, si quam minime, qui his oppor
caput tantum quotidie perfundendum, sed os tunus est, loca aquasque mutat ; si caput in
quoque multa frigida aqua fovendum est ; præ- sole protegit, ne incendatur, neve subitum ex
cipueque omnibus, quibus hoc utile auxilium repentino nubilo frigus id moveat ; si post con
est, eo utendum est, ubi gravius coelum Austri coctionem jejunus caput radit ; si post cibum
reddiderunt. Cumque omnibus inutilis sit post 'neque legit, neque scribit.
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 45

CAP. VI.
CHAP. VI.

Regimen Laxioris Alvi.

Management of a more Lax Belly.
Vero huic quem cita alvus frequenter exercet, est opus
But he whom a loose belly frequently troubles, has need
exercere superiores partes pilâ que similibus ; ambulare
to exercise the upper parts with the ball and like things ; to walk
dum est jejunus; vitare solem , continua balnea ; ungi
whilst he is fasting; to avoid the sun, continual baths ; to be anointed
citra sudorem ; non uti variis cibis, que minime
on this side sweating ; not to use various (kinds of) foods, and by no means
jurulentis, aut leguminibus, ve iis oleribus quæ descendunt
broths, 01 pulse, 01° those vegetables which descend
celeriter ; denique sumere omnia quæ concoquuntur tarde.
quickly ; in short to take all things which are digested slowly.
Venatio, que duri pisces, et assa caro ex domesticis animalibus
Venison, and hard fishes, and the roasted flesh of domestic animals
juvant maxime. Nunquam expedit bibere salsum vinum , ne
aid very much. It is never expedient to drink salt wine, not
quidem tenue aut dulce ; sed austerum , et plenius, neque
even light or sweet ; but rough, and more generous, nor
id ipsum pervetus. Si volet uti mulso, id est faciendum
that itself very old. If he shall wish to use honeyed wine, it ought to be made
ex decocto melle. Si frigidæ potiones non turbant ejûs
from boiled honey. If cold drinks do not disturb his
ventrem , utendum est his potissimùm . Si sensit quid
belly, he must use these chief ly. If he has felt any (thing)
offensæ in cœnâ debet vomere ; que facere id postero
(of) disgust during dinner, he ought to vomit; and to do that on the next
die quoque; tertio, esse panem modici ponderis ex
day also ; onthe third, to eat bread in moderate quantity out of
vino, uvâ adjectâ ex ollå vel ex defruto que
wine, grapes being added from the pot (potted) or from boiled must and
aliis similibus : deinde redire ad consuetudinem. Autem
other similar things : then to return to his usual custom. But

CAP. VI.- Regimen Alvi Larioris.-QUEM vero vinum salsum bibere expedit, ne tenue quidem,
frequenter cita alvus exercet, huic opus est pila ant dulce volet, idneque
Si mulso etutiplenius,
; sed austerum, id
similibusque superiores partes exercere ; dum ipsum pervetus. ex de
; vitare solem, continua
jejunus est, ambularesudorem cocto melle faciendum est. Si frigidæ potiones
balnea ; ungi citra ; non uti cibis ventrem ejus non turbant, his utendum potissi
variis, minimeque jurulentis, aut leguminibus, mum est. Si quid offense in cœna sensit, vo
oleribusve iis, quæ celeriter descendunt; omnia mere debet ; idque postero quoque die facere ;
denique sumere, quæ tarde concoquuntur. tertio, modici ponderis panem ex vino esse,
Venatio, durique pisces, et ex domesticis ani adjecta uva ex olla, vel ex defruto, similibus
malibus assa caro maxime juvant. Nunquam que aliis : deinde ad consuetudinem redire.
 46 A. CORN. CELSI

semper conquiescere post cibum , ac neque intendere animum

always to rest after food, and neither to apply the mind
neque dimoveri ambulatione quamvis leni.
nor to be moved by walking however gentle.

CAP. VII.
CHAP. VII.
Regimen Dolentis Coli.
Management of a Painful Colon.
At si laxius intestinum , quod nominant colum,
But if the larger intestine, which they name the colon,
consuevit dolere, cum id sit nihil nisi
has been accustomed to be painful, although that may be nothing but (only)
genus inflationis, id est agendum , ut aliquis concoquat ; ut
akind offlatulence, that is to be done, that the person may digest; that
exerceatur lectione, et aliis generibus, utatur calido
he be exercised by reading, and other kinds, he should use the warm
balneo, quoque calidis cibis et potionibus ; denique, vitet
bath, also warm foods and drinks ; lastly, he should avoid
omni modo frigus ; ita omnia dulcia que legumina et
by all means cold ; also all sweet things and legumes and
quidquid consuevit inflare.
whatsoever has been accustomed to inflate.

CAP. VIII.
CHAP. VIII.
Regimen Laborantium Ventriculo.
Regimen of those Suffering in the Stomach.
Vero si quis laborat stomacho, debet legere clare ;
But if any one suffers in the stomach, he ought to read aloud ;
ambulare post lectionem ; tùm exerceri pilâ, vel armis,
to walk after reading ; then to be exercised with the ball, or arms,
ve quo alio genere quo superior pars movetur, jejunus
or in any other manner in which the upper part is moved, fasting
bibere non aquam , sed calidum vinum, assumere cibum bis
to drink not water, but hot wine, to take food twice

Semper autem post cibum conquiescere, ac ne- nique omni modo frigus vitet,ita dulcia omnia,
que intendere
quamvis animum, neque ambulatione
leni dimoveri. leguminaque et quidquid inflare consuevit.
CAP. VIII.-Regimen Ventriculo Laborantium.
CAP. VII.- Regimen Coli Dolentis.-AT si laxius SI quis vero stomacho laborat, legere, clare
intestinum dolere consuevit, quod colum nomi debet ; post lectionem ambulare ; tum pila,
nant, cum id nihil nisi genus inflationis sit, id vel armis, aliove quo genere, quo superior pars
agendum est, ut concoquat aliquis, ut lectione, movetur, exerceri ; non aquam, sed vinum cali
aliisque generibus exerceatur, utatur balneo dum bibere jejunus ; cibum bis die assumere,
calido, cibis quoque et potionibus calidis ; de sic tamen, ut facile concoquat ; uti vino tenuí
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 47
die, sic tamen ut concoquat facile : uti tenui
in a day, 80 nevertheless that he can digest it easily : to use weak
et austero vino, et potius frigidis potionibus post cibum.
but austere wine, and in preference cold drinks after food.
Autem pallor, macies, doior præcordiorum, nausea, et
But paleness, emaciation, pain ofthe præcordia, nausea, and
vomitus nolentium , dolor capitis in jejuno
the vomiting ofthose unwilling (involuntary) , pain ofthe head in a person fasting
indicant infirmum stomachum. Quæ in quo sunt non,
indicate a weak stomach. Which (things) in whom they are not,
is est firmi stomachi. Neque utique est credendum (nobis)
he is of a strong stomach. Nor moreover ought we believe
nostris, qui, cum in adversâ valetudine concupiverunt
our countrymen, who, when in bad health they have desired
vinum, aut frigidam aquam , habent patrocinium deliciarum in
wine, or cold water, make an excuse for their pleasures by
accusationem stomachi non merentis At qui tarde
the accusation of their stomach not deserving it. But they who slowly
concoquunt, et quorum præcordia ideo inflantur, ve qui
digest, and whose præcordia on that account are inflated, 02 who
propter aliquem ardorem consuerunt sitire noctu,
on account of some heat have been accustomed to thirst by night,
bibant duos ve tres cyathos, per tenuem fistulam
should drink two or three glasses, through a small pipe,
antequam conquiescant. Etiam legere clare prodest adversus
before that theygo to rest. Also to read aloud is serviceable against
tardam concoctionem , deinde ambulare, tum vel ungi
slow digestion, afterwards to walk, then either to be anointed
vel lavari ; assiduê bibere frigidum vinum ; et post cibum
or to be bathed ; constantly to drink cold wine ; and after food
magnam potionem, sed ut dixi supra, per siphonem : deinde
a large draught, but as I have said above, through a tube : then
includere omnes potiones frigidâ aquâ. Vero cui
to inclose (finish) all potations with cold water. But to whom
cibus acescit, is debet bibere ante eum egelidam aquam,
the food turns sour, he ought to drink before it luke-warm water,
et vomere ; at si frequens dejectio incidit cui ex hoc,
and to vomit; but if frequent purging happens to any one from this,
quoties alvus constiterit ei utatur potissimum
as often as the belly shall be astringed for him, he should use chiefly
frigidâ potione.
cold drink.

et austero, et post cibum frigidis potionibus quiescant, duos tresve cyathos per tenuem fis
potius. Stomachum autem infirmum indicant tulam bibant. Prodest etiam adversus tardam
pallor, macies, præcordiorum dolor, nausea, et concoctionem clare legere, deinde ambulare,
nolentium vomitus, in jejuno dolor capitis. tum vel ungi vel lavari, assidue vinum frigi
Quae in quo non sunt, is firmi stomachí est. dum bibere, et post cibum, magnam potionem,
Neque credendum utique nostris est, qui, cum sed ut supra dixi, per siphonem : deinde omnes
in adversa valetudine vinum aut frigidam a potiones aqua frigida includere. Cui vero ci
quam concupiverunt, deliciarum patrocinium bus acescit, is ante eum bibere aquam egelidam
in accusationem non merentis stomachi habent. debet et vomere : at si cui ex hoc frequens de
At qui tarde concoquunt, et quorum ideo præ- jectio incidit, quoties alvus ei constiterit, fri
cordia inflantur,
quem noctu quive propter
sitire consuerunt, anteardorem ali-
quam con gida potione potissimum utatur.
48 A. CORN. CELSI

CAP. IX.
CHAP. IX.

Regimen Dolentium Nervorum.

Management of Painful Nerves (Tendons.)
Vero si nervi solent dolere cui, quod con
But if the nerves (tendons) are wont to be in pain to any one, which has been ac
suevit esse in podagrâ ve chiragrâ, huic est
customed to be (to arise) in the foot gout or hand gout, he ought
exercendum id quod est affectum quantum potest fieri, que
to exercise that which is affected as much as can be done, and
objiciendum labori et frigori ; nisi cum dolor increvit,
to expose it to labour and cold ; unless when the pain has increased,
sub quo quies est optima. Venus est semper inimica ;
during which rest is best. Venery is always hurtful ;
concoctio, sicut in omnibus affectibus ofth corporis, necessaria :
as in all affections e bo dy , (e st
is ) necessary :
digestion,
enim cruditas lædit id maxime; et quoties corpus est
for indigestion hurts it very much ; and as often as the body is
offensum , vitiosa pars sentit maxime.
disordered, thefaulty part feels most ofall.
Autem ut concoctio occurrit omnibus vitiis, sic rursus frigus
But as digestion opposes all diseases, 80 again cold
occurrit aliis, calor aliis : quæ quisque debet sequi
checks some, heat others : which every one ought tofollow
habitu sui corporis. Frigus est inimicum
pro Cold is hurtful
according to the habit ofhis body.
seni, tenui, vulneri, præcordiis , intestinis,
to an old man, to a thin one, to a wound, the præcordia, intestines,
vesicæ, auribus, coxis, scapulis, naturalibus, ossibus, dentibus ,
bladder, ears, hips, shoulders, genitals, bones, teeth,
nervis, vulvæ, cerebro. Idem facit summam cutem pallidam,
nerves (tendons womb, the brain. The same renders the surface of the skin pale,
aridam, duram, nigram ; ex hoc horrores que tremores nascuntur.
hard, black ; from this shiverings and tremors arise.
dry,
At prodest juvenibus et omnibus plenis : que mens
But it benefits youths and all plethoric persons : and the mind
est erectior, et concoquitur (a nobis, imperson. ) melius, ubi quidem
is more active, and we digest better, when indeed

CAP. IX.-Regimen Nervorum Dolentium. -SI Ut concoctio autem omnibus vitiis occurrit,
cui vero dolere nervi solent, quod in podagra sic rursus aliis frigus, aliis calor: quæ sequi
chiragrave esse consuevit, huic, quantum fieri quisque pro habitu corporis sui debet. Frigus
potest, exercendum id est, quod affectum est, inimicum est seni, tenui, vulneri, præcordiis,
objiciendumque labori et frigori ; nisi cum intestinis, vesicæ, auribus,coxis, scapulis, natu
dolor increvitinimica
; sub quoestquies optima est. Ve ralibus, ossibus, dentibus, nervis, vulvæ, cere
nus semper ; concoctio sicut in bro idem summam cutem facit pallidam, ari
omnibus affectibus necessaria. Cru dam, duram, nigram : ex hoc horrores tremo
ditas enimcorporis
id maxime lædit, et quoties offen resque nascuntur. At prodest juvenibus, et
sum corpus est, vitiosa pars maxime sentit. omnibus plenis : erectiorque mens est, et me
 MEDICINE LIB. I. 49
est frigus, sed cavetur. Vero frigida aqua infusa
there is cold, but itis to be guarded against. But cold water affused
prodest præterquam capiti, stomacho etiam ; item articulis
benefits besides the head, the stomach also ; likewise thejoints
que doloribus qui sunt sine ulceribus ; item hominibus nimis
and the pains which are without ulcers ; also men too
rubicundis, si vacant dolore. Autem calor adjuvat omnia
ruddy, if they arefree from pain. But heat benefits all things
quæ frigus infestat: item lippientes, si sunt nec dolor
which cold troubles : also blear-eyed persons, if there are neither pain
nec lacrimæ ; quoque nervos qui contrahuntur ; que præcipue
nor tears ; also the tendons (sinews) which are contracted; and especially
ea ulcera quæ sunt ex frigore : idem facit colorem
those ulcers which arise from cold : the same renders the colour
corporis bonum; movet urinam . Si est nimius, effœminat
ofthe body good; promotes the urine. If it is too much, it effeminates
corpus, emollit nervos, solvit stomachum.
the body, softens the nerves, relaxes the stomach.
Vero aut frigus aut calor, ubi sunt subita insuetis,
But either cold or heat, when they are sudden to those unaccustomed to them,
sunt minime tuto ; nam frigus excitat dolores lateris, que alia
are not at all safe; for cold causes pains ofthe side, and other
vitia ; frigida aqua strumas. Calor prohibet concoctionem,
disorders ; cold water scrofula. Heat prevents digestion,
aufert somnum, digerit sudore, efficit corpus obnoxium
takes away sleep, wastes by sweat, renders the body liable
pestilentibus morbis.
to pestilential diseases.

CAP. X.
CHAP. X.

Regimen objectorum Pestilentiæ.

Regimen for those exposed to Pestilence.
Observatio etiam est necessaria, quâ quis adhuc integer,
Precaution also is necessary, which aperson as yet free,
cum • tamen possit non esse securus, utatur in
when nevertheless he may not be secure , should use during
pestilentiâ. Tum igitur oportet peregrinari, navigare:
pestilence. Then therefore it behooveth to travel abroad, to sail :

lius concoquitur, ubi frigida

frigus quidem Minime vero aut frigus aut calor tuta sunt,
cavetur. Aqua vero infusa, est, sed
præter ubi subita insuetis sunt. Nam frigus, lateris
quam capiti, etiam stomacho prodest ; item dolores, aliaque vitia ; frigida aqua, strumas
articulis doloribusque, qui sunt sine ulceribus ; excitat : calor concoctionem prohibet, somnum
item
vacant.rubicundis nimisadjuvat
Calor autem hominibus,
omuía,siquædolore
fri aufert, sudore digerit, obnoxium morbis pesti
lentibus corpus efficit.
gus infestat : item lippientes, si nec dolor, nec CAP. X.-Regimen Pestilentiæ Objectorum.- EST
lacrimæ sunt ; nervos quoque, qui contrahun
tur; præcipueque ea ulcera, quæ ex frigore etiam observatio necessaria, qua quis in pesti
sunt : idem corporis colorem bonum facit : uri lentia utatur adhuc integer, cum tamensecurus
nam movet. Si nimius est, corpus effœminat, esse non possit. Tum igitur oportet peregri
nervos emollit, stomachum solvit. nari, navigare : ubi id non licet, gestari, am
D
50 A. CORN. CELSI
ubi id non licet, gestari, ambulare leniter sub
when that is not permitted, to be carried, to walk gently in
divo ante æstum ; que ungi eodem modo : et,
the open air before the heat ; and to be anointed in the same manner : and,
ut comprehensum est supra, vitare fatigationem, cruditatem ,
as has been comprehended above, to avoid fatigue, indigestion,
frigus, calorem, libidinem : que multo magis continere se,
cold, heat, venery : and so much the more to restrain himself,
si est qua gravitas in corpore. Tum neque surgendum est
if there is any heaviness in the body. Then neither ought he to rise
mane, neque ambulandum nudis pedibus, que minime post
in the morning, nor to walk with nakedfeet, and not at all after
cibum aut balneum : neque est jejuno neque cœnato
food 01' the bath: nor ought afastingperson nor one having dined
vomendum : neque alvus movenda : atque etiam si est
to vomit : nor is the belly to be moved : and even if it is
mota per se, est comprimenda : est potius abstinendum,
moved of itself, it is to be astringed: he must rather abstain,
si corpus est plenius. Que item balneum 'est vitandum,
if the body is too plethoric. And likewise the bath to be avoided,
sudor, meridianus somnus, utique si cibus quoque antecessit ;
sweating, mid-day sleep, especially if food also has preceded ;
qui tum tamen assumitur commodius semel die;
which then however is taken more advantageously once in the day ;
insuper etiam modicus, ne moveat cruditatem. Alternis
moreover also moderate, that it do not excite indigestion. On the alternate
diebus invicem , modo aqua, modo vinum est bibendum.
days by turns, sometimes water, sometimes wine is to be drank.
Quibus servatis, victus debet mutari quam
Which things being observed, the mode ofliving ought to be altered as little
minimum ex reliquâ consuetudine. Vero cum hæc sint
as possible from his remaining habits. But as these things ought
facienda in omni pestilentiâ, tum maxime in eå quam
to be done in every (kind of) pestilence, 80 especially in that which
austri etiam excitârint. Atque eadem sunt necessaria
the south winds also have excited. And the same things are necessary
etiam peregrinantibus, ubi discesserunt ex suis sedibus
even for those travelling, when they have set out from their own homes
gravi tempore auni, vel ubi venerunt in graves
at a sickly time ofthe year, 01 when they have come into unhealthy
regiones. Ac si aliqua res prohibebit cetera, utique
climates. And if any thing shall hinder the other things, mostcertainly

bulare sub divo, ante æstum leniter ; eodem. anus somnus, utique si cibus quoque ante
que modo ungi: et, ut supra comprehensum cessit ; qui tamen semel die tum commodius
est, vitare fatigationem, cruditatem, frigus, assumitur ; insuper etiam modicus, ne crudi
calorem, libidinem : multoque magis se con tatem moveat. Alternis diebus invicem, modo
tinere, si qua gravitas in corpore est. Tum aqua, modo vinum bibendum est. Quibus ser
neque mane surgendum, neque pedibus nudis vatis, ex reliqua victus consuetudine quam
ambulandum est, minimeque post cibum, aut minimum mutari debet. Cum vero hæc in
balneum : neque jejuno, neque cœnato vomen in ea max
omni pestilentia facienda sint, tumAtque
dum est: neque movenda alvus : atque etiam, ime, quam Austri excitarint. etiam
sinendum
per se mota
potius,est, sicomprimenda est ; absti
plenius corpus est. peregrinantibus eadem necessaria sunt, ubi
gravi tempore anni discesserun t ex suis sedi
Itemque vitandum balneum, sudor, meridi bus, vel ubi in graves regiones venerant. Ac
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 51
debebit abstinere : atque ita ei esse transitus a
he will be bound to abstain : and 80 that he have changes from
vino ad aquam, ab hac ad vinum, eo modo qui
wine to water, from this to wine, in that manner which
positus est supra.
has been laid down above.

SECUNDUS LIBER.

SECOND BOOK.

Prognostica, Dietetica Materia.

Prognostics, Dietetic Matter.
Præfatio. Autem signa adversæ valetudinis instantis sunt
Preface. But the signs ofbad health being at hand are
complura. In explicandis quibus non dubitabo uti auctoritate
very many. In explaining which I shall not hesitate to use the authority
antiquorum virorum, que maxime Hippocratis ; cum recentiores
ofancient men, and especially of Hippocrates; since the more modern
medici, quamvis mutarint (pro mutaverint) quædam in
physicians, although they have altered some things in
curationibus, tamen fateantur illum præsagisse hæc
the treatments, nevertheless confess thathe foretold (prognosticated) these things
optime. Sed antequam dico quibus præcedentibus
best. But before I speak (explain) from what things going before
subsit timor morborum, non videtur alienum
there may be fear (apprehension) of diseases, it does not seem foreign
exponere quæ tempora anni, quæ genera tempestatum, quæ
to explain what times of the year, what kinds of weather, what
partes ætatis, qualia corpora sint
parts ofage (periods of life), what bodies (what kinds ofhabit) are
maximè tuta vel opportuna periculis, quod genus adversæ valetudinis
most safe or liable to dangers, what kind ofbad health (disorder)
possit timeri maximè in quoque (sc. viro). Non quod
may be feared most (be most apprehended) in each. Not that
homines omnis ætatis, omnis habitûs, non et ægrotent et
men of every age, of every habit, may not both sicken and

si cetera res aliqua prohibebit, utique abstinere recentiores medici, quamvis quædam in cura
debebit : atque ita a vino ad aquam, ab hac tionibus mutarint,
præsagisse tamenSedhæcantequam
fateantnr. illum optime
dico,
ad vinum, eo, qui supra positus est, modo,
transitus ei esse. quibus præcedentibus morborum timor subsit ;
non alienum videtur exponere, quæ tempora
LIBER SECUNDUS.- Prognostica, Materia Dietetica. anni, quæ tempestatum genera, quæ partes
ætatis, qualia corpora maxime tuta vel periculis
Præfatio.-INSTANTIS autem adversæ opportuna sint, quod genus adversæ valetudinis
dinis signa complura sunt. In quibusvaletu expli in quoque timeri maxime possit. Non quod
candis
virorumnon uti,dubitabo auctoritate
maximeque antiquorum
Hippocratis ; cum non omni tempore, in omni tempestatum
genere, omnis ætatis, omnis habitus homines,
D2
52 A. CORN . CELSI
moriantur omni tempore per omnia genera morborum, omni genere
die at every period by all kinds ofdiseases, in every kind
tempestatum, sed tamen quod quædam (sc. genera morb.) fre
of weather, but notwithstanding that certain ones more
quentiùs eveniant. Que ideo sit utile unumquemque scire
frequently happen. And therefore it may be useful that every one should know
quid et quando caveat maxime.
what and when he should avoid most.

CAP. I.
CHAP. I.
Qui Morbi proprii Tempestatum , Corporum.
What Diseases are peculiar to Seasons , Constitutions.

Igitur ver est saluberrimum: deinde proxime ab hoc (sc. vere)

Therefore spring is most healthy : then next after it
hiems : æstas periculosior : autumnus longe periculosissimus.
winter : summer (is) more dangerous : autumn by far the most dangerous.
Vero ex tempestatibus, æquales (sc. tempestates) sunt optimæ, sive
But of seasons, the even ones (uniform) are best, whether
frigidæ sive calidæ : quæ variant maxime pessimæ. Quo
cold or hot: (those) which change most the worst. Whence
fit ut autumnus opprimat plurimos. Nam fere calor
it happens that the autumn destroys most. For commonly heat
(est) meridianis temporibus ; nocturnis, atque matutinis, que
is (prevails) at the mid-day times ; in the night , and morning, and
simul etiam vespertinis (temporibus), frigus est. Ergo corpus
moreover also in the evening times, cold prevails. Therefore the body
relaxatum et æstate et subinde meridianis caloribus,
relaxed both bythe summer and frequently by the meridian heats,
excipitur subito frigore. Sed ut id maxime fit eo
is encountered by sudden cold. But although that mostly happens at that
tempore, sic, quandocunque evenit, est noxium . Autem ubi
time, So, whenever it happens, it is pernicious. But when
est æqualitas sc. tempestatis tamen sereni dies
there is equability (uniformity) ( of weather nevertheless the serene days
sunt saluberrimi : pluvii (dies) meliores quam tantum nebulosi ve
are most healthy: rainy days (are) better than only foggy or

per omnia genera morborum et ægrotent et sive calidæ : pessimæ, quæ maxime variant.
moriantur; sed quod frequentius tamen quædam Quo fit, ut autumnus plurimos opprimat. Nam
eveniant; ideoque utile sit scire unumquem fere meridianis temporibus calor; nocturnis
que, quid, et quando maxime caveat. atque matutinis, simulque etiam vespertinis,
frigus est. Corpus ergo, et æstate, et subinde
CAP. I.-Tempestatum, Corporum, qui Morbi meridianis caloribus relaxatum, subito frigore
proprii.-Igitur saluberrimum ver est: proxime excipitur.
sic, Sed, ut evenit,
quandocunque eo tempore id maxime
noxium fit,
est. Ubi
deinde ab hoc, hiems : periculosior æstas :
autumnus longe periculosissimus. Ex tempes æqualitas autem est, tamen saluberrimi sunt
tatibus vero optimæ æquales sunt, sive frigidæ, sereni dies ; meliores pluvii, quam tantum
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 52
nubili (dies :) que hieme dies qui vacant omni vento
cloudy ones: and in winter (thedays which arefreefrom all wind
sunt optimi ; æstate (dies) quibus favonii perflant. Si aliud
are:) best ; in summer those on which the west winds blow. If(any) other
genus ventorum est, septemtrionales sunt salubriores quam
kind of winds is (prevails), the north are more healthy than
subsolani vel austri : tamen hæc sic, ut interdum muten
the east or the south winds : however these (are) so, that sometimes they are
tur sorte regionum. Nam fere ubique ventus veniens
changed by the chance of climates. For almost everywhere the wind coming
a mediterraneis regionibus est salubris ; a
from the mediterranean regions is healthy ; ( isventus veniens) from
that coming
mari gravis. Neque solum est valetudo certior in bono
the sea unhealthy. And not only is health more certain in a favorable
habitu tempestatum ; sed quoque priores morbi, si qui
state ofweather ; but also former diseases, if any
inciderunt , sunt leviores, et finiuntur promptius. Pessimum cœlum
have happened, are lighter, and are terminated sooner. The worst air
ægro est quod fecit ægrum ; adeo ut in hoc statu
for the sick is (that) which made (him) sick ; 80 that in this state
quoque mutatio, in id genus (cœli) quod est naturâ pejus,
also a change, into that kind which is by nature worse,
sit salubris. At media ætas est tutissima, qum infestatur neque
may be healthy. But the middle age is safest, which is troubled neither
calore juventæ neque frigore senectutis. Senectus patet
by the heat ofyouth nor by the cold of old age. Old age lies open
magis longis morbis, adolescentia acutis. Autem
rather (is more subject) to chronic diseases, youth to acute. But
habilissimum corpus est quadratum , neque gracile, neque obesum .
the soundest body is square, neither slender, nor fat.
Nam longa statura, ut est de juventâ, sic conficitur
For tall stature, as it is becoming in youth, 80 it is worn out
maturâ senectute : gracile corpus est infirmum , obesum hebes.
in mature old age : the slender body is weak, the fat sluggish.
Tamen, quæcunque novantur motu humoris consuerunt
However, whatever are altered by the motion ofhumour have been accustomed
esse maxime in metu vere. Ergo tum lippitudines,
to be most in fear (danger) in spring. Therefore then blear-eyedness,
pustulæ, profusio sanguinis, abscessus corporis, quæ Græci
pustules, flowing forth of blood, abscesses of the body, which the Greeks
nominant ἀποστήματα, atra bilis, quam appellant
name apostemata , black bile (atra-bile), which they call

nebulosi, nubilive : optimique hieme, qui omni genus, quod natura pejus est, in hoc statu
vento vacant ; æstate, quibus Favonii perflant. salubris mutatio sit.tutissima
Si genus aliud ventorum est, salubriores Sep At ætas media est, quæ neque
temtrionales, quam Subsolaní, vel Anstri sunt : juventæ calore, neque senectutis frigore infes
sic tamen hæc, ut interdum regionum sorte tatur. Longis morbis senectus, acutis adoles
mutentur. Nam fere ventus ubique a mediter centia magis patet. Corpus autem habilissi.
raneis regionibus veniens, salubris ; a mari, mum quadratum est, neque gracile, neque
gravis est. Neque solum in bono tempestatum obesum. Nam longa statura, ut in juventa
habitu certior valetudo est ; sed priores morbi decora est, sic matura senectute conficitur:
quoque, si finiuntur.
qui inciderunt, leviores
ægrosunt, et gracile
promptius Pessimum cœlum Vere corpus
tamen infirmum,
maxime, obesum hebeshumoris
quæcunque est.
est, quod ægrum fecit ; adeo ut in id quoque motu novantur, in metu esse consuerunt. Ergo
54 4. CORN. CELSI

μελαγχολίαν insania, comitialis morbus, angina,

melancholian (melancholy) madness, the comitial disease (epilepsy), angina,
gravedines, destillationes, solent oriri. Ii morbi
stuffings in the head, catarrhs, are accustomed to arise. Those diseases
quoque, qui modo urgent in articulis que nervis, modo
also, which sometimes oppress in thejoints and sinews, sometimes
quiescunt ; cum (tum?) maxime et inchoantur et repetunt. At
subside ; as well for the most part both are begun and return again. But
æstas quidem non vacat plerisque his morbis ; sed
the summer even is not free from most of these diseases ; but
adjicit febres vel continuas vel ardentes, vel tertianas, vomitus,
adds to (them) fevers either continual or ardent (burning), or tertians, vomitings,
dejectiones alvi, dolores auricularum, ulcera oris, cancros,
dejections ofthe belly, pains ofthe ears, ulcers ofthe mouth, cancers,
et quidem in ceteris partibus, sed maxime obscœnis (sc. partibus);
both indeed in the other parts, but especially in the genitals;
et quidquid resolvit hominem sudore. Vix quidquam ex his
and whatever enfeebles a man by sweat. Scarcely any one of these
non incidit. in autumnum : sed eo tempore
does not happen in (but is incidental to) autumn : but at that time
quoque incertæ febres, dolor lienis, aqua inter
also uncertain (irregular) fevers, pain of the spleen, water within
cutem , tabes, quam Græci nominant Φθίσιν , difficultas
the skin, consumption, which the Greeks name Phthisin (phthisis) , pain and scarcity
urinæ, quam appellant στραγγουρίαν, morbus tenuioris
ofthe urine, which they call strangourian (strangury) , disease of the smaller
intestini, quem nominant siλɛòv, oriuntur ; lævitas item in
intestine, which they name eileon (Ileos), arise ; slipperiness (flux) also of the
testinorum, quæ vocatur λειεντερία , dolores coxa,
intestines, which is called leienteria (lientery), pains of the hip,
morbi comitiales. Que idem tempus interimit et fatigatos
epilepsies. And the same time carries off both those worn out (exhausted)
diutinis malis, et tantum pressos ab proximâ æstate ;
bylong continued diseases, and those only oppressed by the last (part) summer ;
et conficit alios novis morbis ; et implicat quosdam longis
and destroys others by new diseases ; and affects some with the most
simis, que maximè quartanis, quæ exerceant quoque per
tedious, and especially quartans, which harass also throughout
hiemem. Neque aliud tempus patet magis pestilentiæ,
the winter. Nor does any other time lie open more to pestilence,
cujuscumque generis ea est ; quamvis nocet variis rationibus. Autem
of whatever kind it is ; although it hurts in various ways. But

tum lippitudines, pustule , profusio sanguinis, | Vix quidquam ex his in autumnum non incidit:
abscessus corporis quæ àrоeтhuara Græci nomi- sed oriuntur quoque eo tempore febres incertæ,
nant, bilis atra, quam ushayxoliar appellant,
insania, morbus comitialis, angina, gravedines, lienis dolor, aqua inter cutem, tabes, quam
Græci pia nominant ; difficultas,
destillationes oriri solent. Ii quoque morbi, quam erpayyoupíav appellanturine ; tenuioris intes
qui in articulis nervisque modo urgent, modo tini morbus, quem leòr nominant ; lævitas
quiescunt, cum maxime et inchoantur et repe- intestinorum, quæ Ascevrepla vocatur ; COTE
tunt. At estas non quidem vacat plerisque dolores, morbi comitiales. Idemque tempus et
his morbis ; sed adjicit febres, vel continuas, diutinis malis fatigatos, et ab æstate tantum
vel ardentes, vel tertianas, vomitus, alvi dejec- proxima pressos interimit ; et alios novis
tiones, auricularum dolores, ulcera oris, can- bis conficit ; et quosdam longissimis mor
implicat,
cros, et in ceteris quidem partibus, sed maxime maximeque quartanis, quae per hiemem quoque
obscoenis ; et quidquid sudore hominem resolvit. exerceant. Neque aliud magis tempus pesti
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 55
335
hiems irritat dolores capitis, tussim, et quidquid mali
the winter provokes pains of the head, cough, and whatsoever (of) disorder
contrahitur in faucibus, in lateribus, in visceribus.
is contracted in the fauces, in the sides, in the viscera.
Ex tempestatibus aquilo movet tussim, exasperat fauces,
Of winds the north wind excites cough, irritates thefauces,
adstringit ventrem, supprimit urinam, excitat horrores,
(trachealpassages,) binds the belly, suppresses the urine, excites shiverings,
item dolorem lateris et pectoris : tamen, spissat
likewise pain ofthe side and ofthe breast : notwithstanding, it strengthens
sanum corpus, et reddit mobilius atque expeditius. Auster
a healthy body, and renders it more mobile and active. The south wind
hebetat aures, tardat sensus, movet dolorem capitis, solvit
blunts the ears, retards sensations, excites pain ofthe head, relaxes
alvum, efficit totum corpus hebes, humidum , languidum.
the belly, renders the whole body heavy, moist, languid.
Ceteri venti, quo propiores sunt huic vel illi, eo
The other winds, the nearer they are to the latter or the former, the
magis faciunt affectus vicinos his ve illis. Denique,
more they cause affections analogous to the latter or to the former. Lastly,
omnis calor inflammat et jecur et lienem, hebetat
all (every kind of) heat inflames both the liver and the spleen , enervates
mentem, efficit ut anima deficiat, ut sanguis prorumpat.
the mind, causes that life fails fainting), that blood breaks forth.
Frigus infert modo distentionem , modo rigorem nervorum ,
Cold brings on 80metimes distention, sometimes stiffness of the sinews
illud nominatur Græce σπασμος , hoc τέτανος,
(tendons), the former is named in Greek spasmos (spasm), the latter tetanos
excitat nigritiem in ulceribus, horrores in febribus. In
(tetanus), it excites blackness in ulcers, shiverings in fevers. In
siccitatibus acutæ febres, lippitudines, tormina, difficultas urinæ, dolores
droughts acute fevers, lippitudes, gripes, difficulty ofurine, pains
articulorum oriuntur. Per imbres longæ febres, dejectiones alvi,
ofthe joints arise. During rains slow fevers, dejections of the belly,
angina, cancri, morbi comitiales, resolutio nervorum , Græci
quinsy, gangrenes, epilepsies, relaxation ofthe sinews, the Greeks
nominant apáλvov, (oriuntur) . Neque solum interest quales
name it paralusin (palsy). Nor does it only matter what kind (of)
dies sint, sed quales præcesserint ante. Si sicca hiems
the days are, but what kind have preceded previously. If a dry winter
habuit septemtrionales ventos, autem ver exhibet austros et
has had northerly blasts, but spring exhibits southerly and

lentiæ patet, cujuscunque ea generis est ; magis vicinos his illisve affectus faciunt.
quamvis variis rationibus nocet. Hiems autem Denique omnis calor et jecur et lienem in
capitis dolores, tussim, et quidquid in faucibus, flammat, mentem hebetat, ut anima deficiat,
in lateribus, in visceribus mali contrahitur, ut sanguis prorumpat, efficit. Frigus modo
irritat. Ex tempestatibus, Aquilo tussim mo nervorum distentionem, modo rigorem infert ;
vet, fauces exasperat, ventrem adstringit, illud exopos, hoc réravos Græce nominatur :
urinam supprimit, horrores excitat, item do nigritiem in ulceribus, horrores in febribus
lores lateris et pectoris : sanum tamen corpus excitat. In siccitatibus, acutæ febres, lippi
spissat, et mobilius atque expeditius reddit. tudines, tormina, urinæ difficultas, articulorum
Auster aures hebetat, sensus tardat, capitis dolores oriuntur. Per imbres, longæ febres,
dolorem movet, alvum solvit, totum corpus alvi dejectiones, angina, cancri, morbi comi
efficit hebes, humidum, languidum. Ceteri tiales, resolutio nervorum ; παράλυσιν Greci
venti, quo vel huic vel illi propiores sunt, eo nominant. Neque solum interest, quales dies
 56 A. CORN. CELSI

pluvias, lippitudines, tormina, febres, fere subeunt, que maximè

rains, lippitudes, gripes, fevers, commonly succeed, and mostly
in mollioribus corporibus, præcipuæ in muliebribus. Vero si austri
in lazer bodies, especially in women. But if south winds
que pluviæ occuparunt hiemem, autem ver
and rains have occupied (prevailed through) the winter, but the spring
est frigidum et aridum, gravidæ feminæ quidem, quibus partus
is cold and dry, gravid women indeed, to whom labour
tum adest, periclitantur abortu : vero eæ quæ gignunt,
then is athand (is near), are in danger of abortion : but they who bringforth,
edunt imbecillos que vix vitales : arida lippitudo habet
produce weak and scarcely living (offsprings) : dry lippitude affects
male ceteros, et si sunt seniores, gravedines atque
badly others, and if they are older, stuffings in the head and
destillationes (male habent). At si austri continuarunt a primâ
catarrhs. But if south winds have continued from the be
hieme ad ultimum ver, dolores laterum , et insania
ginning of winter to the end of spring, pains ofthe sides, and madness
febricitantium, quam appellant Φρενησιν , rapiunt quam
offeverish persons, which they call phrenesin, hurry (them) off very
celerrimè. Vero ubi calor orsus à primo vere
rapidly. But when the heat having began from the beginning of spring
exhibet similem æstatem ,
presents a similar summer (the heat prevails from the beginning of spring throughout
est necesse multum sudorem in febribus subsequi.
the summer), it is necessary that much sweating in fevers should follow.
At si sicca æstas habuit aquilones, vero sunt imbres que
But if a dry summer has had north winds, but there are rains and
austri autumno, totâ hieme, quæ est proximia,
south winds in the autumn, through the whole winter, which is next (succeeds),
tussis, destillatio, raucitas, in quibusdam etiam tabes oritur.
cough, catarrh , hoarseness, in some even consumption arises.
Autem sin æque siccus autumnus quoque perflatur
But if an equally dry autumn also is blown through (is fanned)
iisdem aquilonibus, secunda valetudo contingit omnibus, quidem
bythe same north winds, good health befalls all, even
mollioribus corporibus, inter quæ proposui muliebria (sc. corpora)
the more lax fibred bodies, among which I have asserted that the female ones
esse, vero aridæ lippitudines et febres, partim acutæ partim
are (rank), but dry lippitudes and fevers, in part acute in part
longæ, et ii morbi qui nascuntur ex atrâbile, possunt
slow, and those diseases which arise from atrabile, may

sint, sed etiam quales ante præcesserint. Si | runt, laterum dolores, et insania febricitan
hiems sicca septemtrionales ventos habuit, ver tium, quam opevnov appellant, quam celerrime
autem Austros et pluvias exhibet, fere subeunt rapiunt. Ubi vero calor a primo vere orsus
lippitudines, tormina, febres, maximeque in multum æstatem quoque similem exhibet, necesse est
mollioribus corporibus, ideoque præcipue in sudorem in febribus subsequi. At si
muliebribus. Si vero Austri pluviæque hiemem sicca estas Aquilones habuit, autumno vero
occuparunt, ver autem frigidum et siccum est, imbres Austrique sunt, tota hieme, quæ prox
gravidæ quidem feminæ, quibus tum adest ima est, tussis, destillatio, raucitas, in qui
partus,imbecillos,
nunt, abortu periclitantur ; eæedunt
vixque vitales vero :quæ gig- busdam
ceteros quoque etiam
æque tabes
siccusoritur.
iisdemSinAquilonibus
autemautumnusper
lippitudo arida, et, si seniores
atque destillationes sunt, gravedines
male habent. flatur,quæ
At si a inter omuibus quidemesse
muliebria mollioribus
proposui,corporibus,
secunda
prima hieme Austri ad ultimum ver continua- valetudo contingit : durioribus vero instare
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 57
instare durioribus (sc. corporibus). Vero quod pertinet
press upon (threaten) the stronger. But what relates
ad ætates, pueri que proximi his,
to ages, children and the nearest to these (those approaching puberty) ,
optime valent vere et sunt tutissimi primâ
are most healthy in spring and are safest in the beginning
æstate : senes æstate et primâ parte autumni,
of summer : old men in summer and thefirst part of autumn,
juvenes que qui sunt inter juventam que
young men and they who are between youth and
senectutem , hieme. Hiems est inimicior senibus, æstas
old age, in the winter. Winter is more adverse to old persons, summer
adolescentibus . Tum si qua imbecillitas oritur, est proximum
to young persons . Then if any weakness arises, it is probable
ut serpentia ulcera oris, quæ Græci nominant
that creeping (spreading) ulcers ofthe mouth, which the Greeks name
ἄφθας, vomitus, nocturnæ vigiliæ, humor aurium,
apthas (aphtha), vomitings, nightly watchings, running ofthe ears,
inflammationes circa umbilicum , exerceant infantes que pueros
inflammations about the navel, may trouble infants and children
adhuc teneros. Etiam propriæ exulcerationes dentientum ,
yet tender (delicate). Likewise peculiar ulcerations ofthose teething,
gingivarum , distentiones nervorum , febriculæ , dejectiones alvi ;
ofthe gums, convulsions, little fevers , dejections ofthe belly;
que maxime caninis dentibus orientibus, habent male.
and D especially the canine teeth rising (cutting) , affect badly.
Quæ sunt pericula cujuscunque plenissimi, et cui est
Which are the dangers of every veryfull (habit), and which has
(pro habet) venter adstrictus. At ubi ætas processit paulum,
the belly bound. But when age has advanced a little,
glandulæ et aliquæ inclinationes vertebrarum quæ sunt
kernels in the flesh and some contortions ofthe vertebræ which are
in spinâ, strumæ , quædam dolentia genera Verrucarum , V Græci
in the spine, scrofulous swellings, certain painful kinds of warts, the Greeks
appellant ἀκροχορδόνας, et plura alia tubercula oriuntur.
call (them) akrochordonas, and several other tubercles arise.
Vero pube jam incipiente, multa ex iisdem et longæ
But puberty even now beginning, many ofthe same (affections) and slow
febres, cursus sanguinis ex naribus (oriuntur). Que omnis
fevers, Auxes ofblood from the nostrils. And all
pueritia primum circa quadragesimum diem, deinde
childhood (children) first about the fortieth day, after that

possunt et aridæ lippitudines, et febres partim | flammationes exerceant. Propriæ etiam den
acuta,nascuntur.
partim longa, tientium, gingivarum exulcerationes, disten
bile Quodet iiadmorbi,
ætatesquivero
ex atra
per tiones nervorum, febriculæ, alvi dejectiones ;
tinet, etpueri
lent, proximique
æstate his veresunt:
prima tutissimi va maximeque
optimesenes caninis dentibus orientibus male
habent. Quæ pericula plenissimi cujusque
æstate et autumni prima parte , juvenes sunt, et cui maxime venter adstrictus est. At
hieme, Inimicior
quique inter juventam senectutemque ubi ætas paulum processit, glandulæ, et ver
sunt. senibus hiems, estas ado tebrarum, quæ in spina sunt, aliquæ inclina
lescentibus est. Tum si qua imbecillitas tiones, strumæ, verrucarum quædam genera
oritur, proximum est, ut infantes, teneros dolentia, apoxopóóras GræciIncipiente
appellant,vero
et plura
que
peasadhuc
Græcipueros serpentia
nominant, ulcera oris,
vomitus, quæ alia
nocturnæ
tubercula oriuntur. jam
pube, ex iisdem multa, et longæ febres, et san
vigiliæ, aurium humor, circa umbilicum in guinis ex naribus cursus. Maximeque omnis
D3
58 A. CORN . CELSI

septimo mense, tum septimo anno, postea circa pubertatem

in the seventh month, then in the seventh year, afterwards about puberty
periclitatur maxime. Si etiam qua genera morborum inciderunt
is in danger most. If moreover any kinds of diseases have fallen
in infantem, ac finita sunt neque pubertate,
upon (have attacked) an infunt, and have been terminated neither at puberty,
neque primis coitibus, neque in femina primis menst
nor in thefirst coitions, nor in a woman at herfirst menstruations,
sunt fere longa : tamen, pueriles morbi qui
theyare commonly long : however, puerile diseases (ofyouth) which
manserunt diutius, sæpius terminantur. Adolescen tia est
have continued very long, more frequently are terminated. Youth is
maximè objecta acutis morbis, item comitialibus, que
most liable to acute diseases, also to epilepsies, and
tabi: que fere sunt juvenes qui exspuunt
to consumption : and commonly (they) are youths who spit up
sanguinem. Post hanc ætatem dolores laterum et pulmonis,
blood. After this age pains of the sides and of the lungs,
lethargus, cholera, insania, profusio sanguinis velut per quædam
lethargy, cholera, insanity, a pouring out of blood as if by some
ora venarum, Græci appellant αἱμοῤῥοΐδας· In
mouths ofthe veins, the Greeks call (them) haimorroidas (hæmorrhoids). In
senectute difficultas spiritûs et urinæ, gravedo,
old age difficulty of the breathing and of urine, stuffing ofthe head,
dolores articulorum et renum, resolutiones nervorum , malus
pains of the joints and ofthe kidneys, palsies, a bad
habitus corporis, Græci appellant καχεξίαν, nocturnæ vigiliæ ,
habit of body, the Greeks call (it) kachexian, night watchings,
longiora vitia aurium , oculorum , etiam narium , que
chronic disorders ofthe ears, ofthe eyes, also ofthe nostrils, and
præcipuè soluta alvus, et quæ sequuntur hanc, tormina, vel
especially a relaxed belly, and what follow it, gripes, 01'
lævitas intestinorum, que cetera mala fusi ventris.
a lubricity of the intestines, and the other disorders of a relaxed belly .
Præter hæc, tabes, dejectiones, destillationes, item dolores
Besides these, consumption, purgings, catarrhs, likewise pains
viscerum et laterum, fatigant graciles. Obesi
of the viscera and sides, weary slender (persons). Fat (persons)
strangulantur acutis morbis et difficultate spirandi ; que sæpe
are strangled by acute diseases and by difficulty ofbreathing; and often
moriuntur subito ; quod (sc. subito mori) vix evenit in
they die suddenly ; which scarcely (ever) happens in
tenuiore corpore.
a thinner body.
pueritia,septimo
primum circa quadragesimum diem, | fusio. In senectute, spiritus et urinæ difficul
deinde mense, tum septimo anno, tas, gravedo, articulorum et renum dolores,
postea circa pubertatem periclitatur. Si qua nervorum resolutiones, malus corporis habitus,
etiam genera morborum in infantem incide- azetav Græci appellant, nocturna vigiliæ, vi
runt, ac neque pubertate, neque primis coiti- | tia longiora anrium, oculorum, etiam narium,
bus, neque in femina primis menstruis finita præcipueque soluta alvus, et, quæ sequuntur
sunt, ferequilonga
pueriles, suntmanserunt,
diutius : sæpius tamen morbi | raque
terminantur. hanc, ventris
tormina,fusivelmala.
lævitasPræter
intestinorum, cete
hæc graciles
Adolescentia morbis acutis, item comitialibus, tabes, dejectiones, destillationes, item viscerum
tabique maxime objecta est : fereque juvenes et laterum dolores fatigant. Obesi plerumque
sunt, qui
ætatem sanguinem
laterum exspuunt.
et pulmonis dolores,Post hanc lantur
lethargus, acutis morbis, et difficultate
; subitoque spirandi strangu
sæpe moriuntur; quodin
cholera, insania, sanguinis per quædam velut corpore tenuiore vix evenit.
cra venarum, alußßootdas Græci appellant, pro
 MEDICINE LIB. H, 59

CAP. II.
CHAP . 11.
Signa Morbi futuri.
Signs of Disease about to occur.
Autem ante adversam valetudinem , ut dixi supra, quædam
But before bad health, as I have said above, certain
notæ oriuntur: omnium quarum est commune corpus
signs arise : ofall of which it is the common (occurrence ) that the body
habere se aliter atque consuevit ; neque tantum in pejus,
has itself differently than it was accustomed ; and not only for the worse,
sed etiam in melius. Ergo si aliquis factus est plenior, et
but also even for the better. Therefore if any one has become fuller, and
speciosior, et coloratior, debet habere suspecta sua
more comely, and better coloured, he ought to have suspected (to suspect) his
bona : quæ, quia possunt neque subsistere in eodem habitu,
advantages : which, because they can neither remain in the same condition,
neque progredi ultra, revolvuntur retro fere,
nor advance beyond (it), they are rolled (thrown) back for the most part,
quasi quâdam ruinâ. Tamen est pejus signum ubi aliquis
as if with some danger. However it is a worse sign when a person
emacuit, contra consuetudinem , et amisit colorem que
has become thin, contrary to his custom, and has lost his colour and
decorem : quoniam in iis quæ superant est quod morbus
comeliness : because in those which remain there is what the disease
demat ; in iis quæ desunt est non quod ferat
may take away ; in those which are wanting there is not what may endure
morbum ipsum. Præter hæc debet timeri protinus, si membra
the disease itself. Moreover it ought to be feared immediately, if the limbs
sunt graviora ; si crebra ulcera oriuntur ; si corpus incaluit
are more heavy; if frequent ulcers arise ; if the body has become hot
supra consuetudinem ; si gravior somnus pressit; si fue
above custom (what is usual) ; if heavier sleep has oppressed ; if there have
runt tumultuosa somnia ; si aliquis expergiscitur sæpius quam assuevit,
been tumultuous dreams ; if any one awakes oftener than he has been
deinde iterum soporatur : si corpus dormientis
accustomed, then again is in a deep sleep : if the body ofone sleeping
insudat contra consuetudinem circa aliquas partes, que maxime si
sweats unusually about (in) 80me parts, and especially if

CAP. II.-Futuri Morbi Signa.-Ante adversamemacuit, et colorem decoremque amisit : quoni

autem valetudinem, ut supra dixi, quædam am in iis quæ superant, est quod morbus demat ;
notæ oriuntur: quarum omnium commune est, in iis quæ desunt, non est quod ipsum morbum
aliter se corpus habere, atque consuevit ; neque ferat. Præter hæc protinus timeri debet, si
in pejus tantum, sed etiam in melius. Ergo si graviora membra sunt ; si crebra ulcera oriun
plenior aliquis, et speciosior, et coloratior tur ; si corpus supra consuetudinem incaluit ;
factus est, suspecta habere bona sua debet : si gravior somnus pressit; si tumultuosa som
quæ , quia neque in eodem habitu subsistere, nia fuerunt ; si sæpius expergiscitur aliquis,
neque ultra progredi possunt, fere retro, quasi quam assuevit, deinde iterum soporatur : si
ruina quadam, revolvuntur. Pejus tamen sig- corpus dormientis circa partes aliquas contra
num est, ubi aliquis contra consuetudinem consuetudinem insudat, maximeque si circa
60 A. CORN CELSI
circa pectus, aut cervices, aut crura, vel genua, vel coxas.
about the breast, or the shoulders, or the legs, or the knees, or the hips
Item, si animus marcet ; si piget loqui et moveri ;
In like manner, if the mind flags; if it irketh to speak and to be moved ;
si corpus torpet ; si est dolor præcordiorum , aut totius
if the body becomes torpid ; if there is pain ofthe præcordia, or ofthe whole
pectoris, aut, qui evenit in plurimis, capitis; si OS
breast, or, which happens in very many, ofthe head; if the mouth
est plenum salivæ ; si oculi vertuntur cum dolore ; si
is full of saliva; if the eyes are turned (moved) with pain ; if
tempora sunt adstricta ; si membra inhorrescunt; si spiritus est
the temples are tight ; if the limbs shiver ; if the breathing , is
gravior ; si venæ circa frontem intensæ
more heavy (oppressed) ; if the veins about theforehead intense (are intensely)
moventur ; si oscitationes frequentes ; si genua sunt quasi
are excited ; if yawnings (are) frequent; if the knees are as it were
fatigata, ve totum corpus sentit lassitudinem. Ex quibus plura
fatigued, or the whole body feels lassitude. Of which many
sæpe, aliqua non nunquam antecedunt febrem. Tamen in
often, some not never (some always) precede fever. Nevertheless in
primis illud considerandum est, num aliquid horum sæpius
the first place this ought to be considered, whether any ofthese frequently
eveniat cui, neque, ideo, ulla difficultas corporis
happens to any one, nor, in consequence, does any disease ofthe body
subsequatur. Enim sunt quædam proprietates hominum,
follow . For there are certain peculiarities (idiosyncrasies) of men,
sine notitiâ quarum non quidquam in futurum potest
without a knowledge of which not any thing (nothing) about to happen can
facile præsagiri. Itaque aliquis est facile securus in iis, quæ
easily be prognosticated. Therefore any one is easily safe in those, which
sæpe evasit sine periculo: ille debet solicitari, cui
he often has escaped without danger: ought be disquieted, to whom
hæc sunt nova ; aut qui nunquam habuit tuta ista
these things are new ; or who never has had safe (safely) those thing
sine custodiâ sui.
without safeguard (a careful attention) ofhimself.

pectus, aut cervices, aut crura, vel genua, vel nunquam non aliqua febrem antecedunt. In
coxas. Item si marcet animus ; si loqui et mo primis tamen illud considerandum est, num
veri piget ; si corpus torpet ; si dolor præcor cui sæpius horum aliquid eveniat, neque Suntideo
diorum est, aut totius pectoris, aut, qui in corporis ulla difficultas subsequatur.
plurimis evenit, capitis ; si salivæ plenum est enim quædam proprietates hominum, sine qua
os; si oculi cum dolore vertuntur ; si tempora rum notitia non facile quidquam in futurum
adstricta sunt ; si membra inhorrescunt ; si præsagiri potest. Facile itaque securus est in
spiritus gravior est ; si circa frontem intentæ iis aliquis, quæ sæpe sine periculo evasit : ille
venæ moventur ; si frequentes oscitationes ; si solicitari debet, cui hæc nova sunt; aut qui
genua quasi sentit.
lassitudinem fatigata Ex
sunt, totumve
quibus sæpe corpus
plura, ista nunquam sine custodia sui tuta habuit.
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 61
199

CAP. III.
CHAP. III.

Fausta Signa Egrotantium.

The good Symptoms (of) in the Sick.
Vero ubi febris occupavit aliquem, licet (nobis) scire non
But when fever has seized any one, we may know that he is not
periclitari, si cubat in aut dextrum aut sinistrum latus, ut
in danger, if he lie upon either the right 07° left side, as
visum est ipsi, cruribus reductis paulum ; qui
may have seemed (agreeable) to himself, the legs drawn backwards a little; which
est quoque fere habitus sani jacentis ; si convertitur
is also commonly the habit ofa healthy (person) lying down ; if he turns
facile ; si dormit noctu, vigilat interdiu ; si spirat
easily ; if he sleeps by night, lie awake during the day ; if he breathe
ex facili ; si non conflictatur ; si cutis circa umbilicum et
easily ; if he does not struggle; if the skin about the navel and
pubem est plena ; si præcordia ejus sunt mollia æqualiter in
pubes is full; if the præcordia ofhim are soft alike on
utrâque parte, sine ullo sensu doloris. Quod si sunt paulo
either side, without any sense ofpain. But if they are a little
tumidiora, sed tamen cedunt digitis, et non dolent,
more swollen, but notwithstanding yield to thefingers, and are not painful,
hæc valetudo, ut habebit aliquod spatium , sic erit tuta.
this disease, as it will have some continuance, 80 it will be safe.
Corpus quoque, quod est æqualiter molle et calidum , que quod
The body also, which is equally soft and warm , and which
insudat æqualiter totum, et febricula cujûs finitur eo
sweats equally all over, and the fever of which is terminated by that
sudore, pollicetur securitatem . Sternutamentum etiam est inter
sweating, promises security . Sneezing also is amongst
bona indicia, et cupiditas cibi, vel servata a
the favourable symptoms, also a desire for food, either preserved from
primo, vel orta etiam post fastidium. Neque debet ea
the first, or that has arisen even after loathing. Nor ought that
febris quæ est finita eodem die terrere ; ac ne
fever which is terminated on the same (in one) day to alarm ; and not

CAP. III.-Fausta Egrotantium Signa.- UBI | Quod si paulo tumidiora sunt, sed tamen digi
vero febris aliquem occupavit, scire licet, non tis cedunt et non dolent, hæc valetudo, ut spa
periclitari, si in latus aut dextrum aut sinis- tium aliquod habebit, sic tuta erit. Corpus
trum, ut ipsi visum est, cubat, cruribus paulum quoque, quod æqualiter molle et calidum est,
reductis
est ; qui convertitur
; si vigilat
facile fere sani quoque jacentis habitus
in- quodque eoæqualiter totum insudat, et cujus fe
terdiu ; si ex facili; spirat
si noctu
; sidormit,
non con- bricula sudore finitur,
tur. Sternutamentum securitatem
etiam pollice
inter bonaindicia
flictatur; si circa umbilicum pubem cutis est, et cupiditas cibi vel a primo servata, vel
plena est ; si præcordia ejus sine ullo sensu etiam post fastidium orta. Neque terrere debet
doloris equaliter mollia in utraque parte sunt. ea febris, quæ eodem die finita est ; ac ne ea
62 A. CORN. CELSI
quidem ea, quæ quamvis evanuit longiore tempore,
even that, which although it has disappeared (after) a longer period,
tamen quievit ex toto ante alteram accessionem, sic ut corpus
however has subsided entirely before another accession, 80 that the body
fieret integrum , quod Græci vocant εἰλικρινὲς (eilikrines). Si quis
became sound, which the Greeks call free. If any
vomitus incidit, debet esse mixtus et bile et pituitâ; et
vomiting happens, it ought to be mixed both with bile and phlegm ; and
album, læve, et æquale (debet), subsidere in urinâ ; sic ut
something white, light, and equal, to subside in the urine ; 80 that
etiam, si quæ quasi nubeculæ innatarint deferan
even, if any as it were little clouds should swim in (it), they may be carried
tur in imum. Ac venter reddit, ei qui est tutus a
down to the bottom. And the belly voids, for him who is safe from
periculo, mollia et figurata sc. excrementa, atque fere eodem
danger, soft and figured (formed) excrements, and almost at the same
tempore , quo assuevit secundâ valetudine, convenientia modo
time, in which he was used in good health, agreeing in quantity
iis quæ assumuntur. Cita alvus est pejor : sed quidem
to those things which are taken. A quick belly is worse : but even
hæc debet ne terrere protinus si est magis coacta
this ought not to alarm immediately if it is more hardened
matutinis temporibus, aut si contrahitur paulatim tempore
at the morning times, or if it is astringed gradually time
procedente, et est rufa, neque excedit fœditate odoris similem
advancing, and is yellowish, nor exceeds in offensiveness of smell a similar
alvum sani hominis. Ac aliquos lumbricos
evacuation of a healthy person. quoque
And that some worms also
descendisse sub fine morbi, nocet
should have descended (been voided) towards the end ofthe disease, hurts
nihil. Si inflatio fecit dolorem que tumorem in superioribus
in no way. If flatulence has caused pain and swelling in the upper
partibus, sonus evolutus inde ad inferiores partes est bonum
parts, the sound evolved thence to the inferior parts is a good
signum ; que etiam magis si excessit cum stercore sine
symptom ; and still more if it hasgone out with thefæces without
difficultate.
difficulty.

quidem,quæ quamvis longiore tempore evanuit, cita alvus est : sed ne hæc quidem terrere pro
tamen ante alteram accessionem ex toto quie tinus debet, si matutinis temporibus coacta
vit, sic ut corpus integrum , quod expires. magis est, aut si procedente tempore paulatim
Græci vocant, fieret. Si quis autem incidit contrahitur, et rufa est, neque fœditate odoris
vomitus, mixtus esse et bile et pituita debet ; similem alvum sani hominis excedit. Ac lum
et in urina subsidere album, læve, æquale ; sic bricos quoque aliquos sub fine morbi descen
ut etiam,
imum si quæ quasi nubeculæ innatarint, in
deferantur disse, nihil nocet. Si inflatio in superioribus
. Ac venter ei, qui a periculo partibus dolorem tumoremque fecit, bonum
tutus est, reddit mollia, figurata, atque eodem signum est sonus ventris inde ad inferiores
fere tempore, quo secunda valetudine assuevit, partes evolutus; magisque etiam, si sine diffi
modo convenientiaiis, quæ assumuntur. Pejor cultate cum stercore excessit.
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 63

CAP. IV.
CHAP. IV.

Mala Signa Egrotantium.

Bad Symptoms (of) in the Sick.

Contra, est periculum gravis morbi, ubi æger jacet

On the other hand, there is danger of severe disease, when the sick lies
supinus, manibus et cruribus porrectis ;
supine, with ) the hands and the legs stretched out (extended) ;
ubi vult residere in impetu ipso acuti
when he wishes to sit up in the impetus itself (the very height) ofan acute
morbi, que præcipue pulmonibus laborantibus ; ubi
disease, and especially (when) the lungs (are) suffering; when
premitur noctnrnâ vigilia, etiamsi somnus accedit interdiu :
he is teased with night watching, although sleep comes on during the day :
ex quo tamen, qui est inter quartam horam et noctem ,
of which however, that which is between the fourth hour and night,
est pejor quam qui est matutino tempore ad
is worse than that which is > from the morning time to
quartam. Tamen est pessimum, si somnus accedit neque
the fourth hour. However is worst, if sleep comes on neither
noctu neque interdiu : enim id potest non esse sine
by night nor by day : for that can not be without
fere continuo dolore. Vero est æque malum signum,
almost continual pain . But it is equally a bad sign,
urgeri etiam somno ultra debitum ; que pejus quo
to be oppressed even by sleep beyond what is proper ; and the worse the
magis sopor continuat se ? interdiu que noctu. Est
more the drowsiness continues itself? during day and night. It is
etiam testimonium mali morbi, spirare vehementer et crebro ;
also an indication ofa bad disease, to breathe vehemently and quickly;
cœpisse inhorrescere a sexto die ; exspuere pus ; exscreare
to have begun to shiver from the sixth day; to spit up pus ; to expectorate
vix ; habere continuum dolorem ; ferre morbum
withdifficulty ; to have constant pain ; to endure the disease
dificulter ; jactare brachia et crura ; lacrimare sine voluntate ;
with difficulty; to toss the arms and legs ; to weep without the will

CAP. IV.-Mala Egrotantium Signa.-CONTRA, cedit: id enim fere sine continuo dolore esse
gravisporrectis
morbi periculum non potest. Eque vero signum malum est
jacet, manibus est, ubi supinus
et cruribus ; ubi æger
resi etiam somno ultra debitum urgeri ; pejusque,
dere vult in ipso acuti morbi impetu, præci quo magis se sopor interdiu, noctuque conti
pueque pulmonibus laborantibus ; ubi noc nuat. Mali etiam morbi testimonium est, ve
turna vigilia premitur, etiamsi interdiu som hementer et crebro spirare ; a sexto die cœpisse
nus accedit: ex quo tamen pejor est, qui inter inhorrescere ; pus exspuere ; vix exscreare ;
quartam horam et noctem est, quam qui matu dolorem habere continuum ; difficulter ferre
tino tempore ad quartam. Pessimum tamen morbum ; jactare brachia et crura ; sine volun
est, si somnus neque noctu, neque interdiu ac tate lacrimare ; habere humorem glutinosum
64 A. CORN. CELSI
habere glutinosum humorem inhærentem dentibus,
(involuntarily); to have a glutinous humour sticking to the teeth ,
cutem circa umbilicum et pubem macram , præcordia inflammata'.
the skin about the navel and pubes emaciated, the præcordia inflamed,
dolentia, dura, tumida, intenta, que magis si hæc sunt
painful, hard, swollen, stretched (tense), and more so if they are
dextrâ parte, quam sinistrâ ; tamen est periculosissimum si
on the right side, than on the left ; however it is most dangerous if
venæ ibi quoque agitantur vehementer. Est etiam signum
the vessels there also are excited violently. It is also a sign
mali morbi, emacrescere nimis celeriter, habere caput et
of a severe disease, to emaciate too rapidly, to have the head and
pedes que manus frigidas, ventre et lateribus calentibus ; aut
feet and hands cold, (while) the belly and sides (are) being hot ; or
extremas partes frigidas, acuto morbo urgente ; aut inhorrescere
the extreme parts cold, an acute disease troubling; or to shiver 3
post sudorem , aut esse singultum post vomitum, vel oculos
after sweating, or that there be hiccup after vomiting, .or the eyes
rubere, aut post cupiditatem cibi, ve post longas febres
redden, or after a desire forfood, or after long fevers
fastidire hunc (sc. cibum), aut sudare multum, que maxime sudore
to loathe it, or to sweat much, and especially the sweat
frigido ; aut habere sudores non æquales per totum
being cold ; or to have the sweats not equal (unequal) over the whole
corpus, que qui non finiant febrem , et (habere) eas febres
body, and which do not terminate the fever, and .those fevers
quæ revertantur quotidie eodem tempore, ve quæ habeant
which return daily at the same time, 01 which have
accessiones semper pares, neque leventur quoque tertio die ;
the accessions always similar, nor are relieved every third day ;
ve quæ continuent sic ut increscant per accessiones,
or which continue so as that they increase during the accessions,,
per decessiones molliantur tantum , nec unquam dimittant
during the departures are mitigated only, nor do they ever leave
corpus integrum. Est pessimum si febris ne quidem levatur, >
the body free. It is worst if the fever is not even abated,
sed continuat æque concitata. Febrem oriri post morbum arquatum
but continues equally excited. That fever arise after jaundice
est etiam periculorum ; utique si præcordia manserunt dura
is also dangerous ; especially if the præcordia have remained hard
dextrâ parte. Ac iis (præcordiis) dolentibus, nulla acuta febris
on the right side. And they being painful, no acute fever

dentibus inhærentem, cutem circa umbilicum multum sudare, maximeque frigido sudore ;
et pubem macram, præcordia inflammata, do aut habere sudores non per totum corpus
lentia, dura, tumida, intenta, magisque, si æquales, quique febrem non finiant ; et eas fe
hæc dextra parte, quam sinistra, sunt ; peri bres, quæ quotidie tempore eodem revertantur ;
culosissimum tamen est, si venæ quoque ibi quæve semper pares accessiones habeant, neque
vehementer agitantur. Mali etiam morbi sig tertio quoque die leventur ; quæve sic continu
num est, nimis celeriter emacrescere ; caput et ent, ut per accessiones increscant, per deces
pedes manusque frigidas habere, ventre et la siones tantumdimittant.
grum corpus molliantur, Pessimum
nec unquamest, siinte
ne
teribus calentibus ; aut frigidas extremas
partes acuto morbo urgente ; aut post sudorem levatur quidem febris, sed æque concitata con
inhorrescere ; aut post vomitum singultum tinuat. Periculosum est etiam, post arquatum
esse, vel rubere oculos ; aut post cupiditatem morbum febrem
dextra parte duraoriri ; utique Ac
manserunt. si dolentibus
præcordia
cibi, postve longas febres hunc fastidire ; aut
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 65
debet leviter terrere nos ; neque est distentio nervorum in acutâ
ought slightly to alarm us; nor is a convulsion in an acute
febre aut a somno, unquam non terribilis. Timere etiam
fever or after sleep, ever not (is always) alarming. Tofear also
ex somno est signum mali morbi ; que item
out ofsleep (on awaking) is a sign ofa bad disease ; and likewise
mentem esse turbatam protinus in primâ febre, ve
that the mind be disturbed immediately at the beginning offever, or
aliquod membrum esse resolutum. Ex quo casu quamvis vita
that any limb be palsied. After which calamity although life
redditur, id membrum fere debilitatur . Vomitus etiam
is restored, that limb generally is debilitated. Vomiting also
sinceræ pituitæ, vel bilis, est periculosus ; que pejor si est viridis
ofpure phlegm , or bile, is dangerous ; and worse if it is green
aut niger. At urina est mala, in quâ rubra et lævia
or black. But that urine is bad, in which red and smooth
sc. sedimenta susidunt ; deterior in quâ quasi quædam tenuia
sediments subside ; worse in which as it were some thin
alba olia (susidunt:) ex his pessima si repræsentat
white leaves subside : of these the worst (is) if (when) itrepresents (has
nubeculas , factas tanquam ex furfuribus. Diluta
the appearance of) small clouds, made as it were of bran. Diluted
quoque atque alba est vitiosa, sed maxime in phreneticis.
also and white is diseased, but most of all in phrenitics.
Autem alvus ex toto suppressa est mala. Alvus etiam
But the bowels wholly constipated is bad. The belly. also
periculosa, quæ fluens inter febres, non patitur hominem
isdangerous, which relaxed during fevers, does not suffer the person
conquiescere in cubili ; utique si quod descendit est perliquidum,
to remain quiet in bed ; especially if what descends is very liquid,
aut albidum, aut pallidum, aut spumans. Præter hæc, id, quod
or whitish, or pale, 01 frothing. Besides these, that, which
excernitur, ostendit periculum si est exiguum, glutinosum, læve,
is excreted, indicates danger, if it is scanty, glutinous, smooth,
album, que subpallidum idem ; vel si est aut lividum,
white, and palish the same ; or if it is either livid,
aut biliosum , aut cruentum , aut pejoris odoris quam
or bilious, or bloody, 07° of a worse odour than
ex consuetudine. Quod est sincerum post longas febres, est
usual. What is pure (unmixed) after long fevers, is
etiam malum.
also bad.

iis,
nequenulla acutainfebris
unquam acutaleviter
febre,terrere nos debet
aut a somno non; | culas repræsentat. Diluta quoque, atque alba,
est terribilis nervorum distentio. Timere etiam vitiosa est, sed in phreneticis maxime. Alvus
autem mala est, ex toto suppressa. Periculosa
ex somno, mali morbi est ; itemque in prima etiam, quæ inter febres fluens conquiescere
febre protinus mentem esse turbatam, mem hominem in cubili non patitur; utique, si
brumve aliquod esse resolutum. Ex quo casu quod descendit, est perliquidum, aut albidum,
quamvis vita redditur, tamen id fere membrum aut pallidum, aut spumans. Præter hæc pe
debilitatur. Vomitus etiam periculosus est riculum ostendit id, quod excernitur, si est
sincera pituitæ, vel bilis ; pejorque, si vi exiguum, glutinosum, læve, album, idemque
ridis,subsidunt
qua aut nigerrubra
est. At mala urina
et lævia in subpaindum ; vel si est aut lividum, aut bi
est, in
deterior, liosum, aut cruentum, aut pejoris odoris, quam
qua quasi folia quædam tenuia alba : pessima ex consuetudine. Malum est etiam, quod post
ex his, si tanquam ex furfuribus factas nube longas febres sincerum est.
66 A. CORN. CELSI

CAP. V.
CHAP. V.

Signa longæ Valetudinis.

Signs ofa long Illness.
Post hæc indicia, est votum (" notum") morbum fieri
After these indications , it is wished (desirable) that the disease become
longum : enim sic est necesse, nisi occidit. Neque est
chronic : for 80 it is necessary, unless it kills. Nor is there
alia spes vitæ in magnis malis, quam ut aliquis
any other hope oflife in severe diseases, than that the person
effugiat trahendo impetum morbi, que porrigatur
may escape by drawing out the impetus ofthe disease, and it be protracted
in id tempus quod præstet locum curationi. Tamen
to that time which affords an opportunity for treatment. However
sunt protinus quædam signa, ex quibus
there are immediately (at the beginning) certain symptoms, from which
possumus colligere morbum, etsi non interemerit, tamen
we may collect that the disease, although it should not kill, yet
habiturum longius tempus: ubi frigidus sudor oritur
will occupy (continue) a longer time: when a cold sweat arises
circa caput tantum , et cervices, inter febres non acutas ;
about the head only, and shoulders, during fevers not acute ;
aut ubi, febre non quiescente , corpus insudat ; aut ubi
or when, thefever not subsiding, the body sweats; or when
corpus est modo frigidum , modo calidum, et alius
the body is at one time cold, at another hot, and one
color fit ex alio ; aut ubi quod absces
colour takes place after another ; or when who hasformed an
sit aliquâ parte inter febres, non pervenit ad sanitatem ;
abscess in some part during fevers, does not arrive at health ;
aut ubi æger emacrescit parum pro spatio sc.
or when the patient wastes little for the time (the duration
dinis : item si modo urina est liquida et
ofthe illness : > also if at one time the urine is liquid (watery) and
pura, modo habet quædam subsidentia; si quæ
pure (clear), at another has some things subsiding ; if the things
subsidunt in eâ sunt lævia atque alba, ve rubra ; aut
which subside in it are smooth and white, or red ; or
si repræsentat quasi quasdam miculas ; aut si excitat bullulas.
if it represents as it were some crumbs ; or if it excites bubbles.

CAP. V.- Longa Valetudinis Signa.--POST hæc ubi, febre non quiescente, corpus insudat ; aut
indicia, votum est, longum morbum fieri : sic ubi corpus modo frigidum, modo calidum est,
enim necesse est, nisi occidit. Neque vitæ alia et color alius ex alio fit; ant ubi, quod inter
spes in magnis malis est, quam ut impetum febrespervenit;
aliqua parte abscessit, ad sanitatem
morbi trahendo aliquis effugiat, porrigaturque non aut ubi æger pro spatio parum
in id tempus, quod curationi locum præstet. emacrescit : item, si urina modo liquida et
Protinus tamen signa quædam sunt, ex quibus pura est, modo habet quædam subsidentia ; si
colligere possumus, morbum, etsi non in lævia atque alba rubrave sunt, quæ in ea sub
ubi frigiduslongius
teremerit, sudor tamen
inter tempus habiturum
febres non acutas: sidunt ; aut
præsentat ; autsi siquasdam quasi miculas re
bullulas excitat.
circa caput tantum, et cervices oritur ; aut
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 67

CAP. VI.
CHAP. VI.

Signa Mortis.
Signs of Death.
Sed quidem inter hæc, metu proposito, tamen
But even during these, apprehension being setforth, nevertheless
spes superest . Vero nares acutæ, tempora collapsa, oculi
hope remains . But the nose sharp, the temples collapsed, the eyes
concavi , aures frigidæ que languidæ, et leniter versæ imis
hollow, the ears cold and languid, and slightly turned in the lower
partibus, cutis circa frontem dura et intenta , color aut
parts, the skin about the forehead hard and tense, the colour either
niger aut perpallidus , testantur esse jam ventum (imperson.)
black or verypalish , testify that it is now come
ad ultima ; que multo magis si hæc sunt ita ut
to the last (extremity) ; and much more if these things are 80 that
neque vigilia præcesserit, neque resolutio ventris,
neither watching has preceded, nor resolution of the belly (purging),
neque inedia. Ex quibus causis hæc species (sc. signorum) interdum
nor fasting. From which causes this appearance sometimes
oritur, sed finitur uno die: itaque durans diutius
arises, but is terminated in one day : therefore continuing longer
est index mortis. Vero si in morbo jam vetere
it is an indication of death. But if in a disease already old
est talis sc. species, mors est in propinquo ; que
(oflong standing) there is such appearance, death is at hand; and
magis, si præter hæc, oculi quoque refugiunt lumen, et
more, if besides these, the eyes also shun the light, and
illacrimant ; que quæ debent esse alba in iis rubescunt ; atque
weep ; and what ought to be white in them become red; and
venulæ in iisdem pallent; que pituita innatans in
the little veins in the same are pale ; and the phlegm swimming in
iis novissime inhærescit angulis ; que alter ex his est minor;
them ultimately sticks tothe angles; and one of them is less ;
que ii aut subsederunt vehementer, aut facti sunt tumidiores ;
and they either have sunk very much, or have become more swollen;
que palpebræ non committuntur per somnum , sed aliquid
and the eyelids are not close shut during sleep, but something

CAP. VI.-Mortis Signa. —SED inter hæc qui hæc species oritur, sed uno die finitur : itaque
dem, proposito metu, spes tamen superest. Ad diutius durans, mortis index est. Si vero in
ultima vero jam ventum esse testantur, nares morbo vetere jam triduo talis est, in propinquo
acuta, collapsa tempora, oculi concavi, fri mors est; magisque, si præter hæc oculi quo
gida languidæque
feniter versa, cutis aures
circa et imis partibus
frontem dura et queiislumen
in refugiunt,
alba esse debent,etrubescunt
illacrimant ; quæque
; atque in
intenta, color aut niger aut perpallidus ; iisdem venulæ pallent ; pituitaque in iis in
multoque magis, si ita hæc sunt, ut neque natans, novissime angulis inhærescit; alterque
vigiliainedia.
neque præcesserit, neque ventris resolutio, ex his minor est ; iique aut vehementer sub
Ex quibus causis interdum sederunt, aut facti tumidiores sunt ; perque
68 A. CORN. CELSI
ex albo oculorum apparet inter has (sc. palpebras) , neque
of the white ofthe eyes appears between them , nor has
fluens alvus expressit id ; que palpebræ eadem
a relaxed belly forced (caused) that ; and the palpebræ alike
pallent, que pallor idem decolorat labra et nares; que
are pale, and paleness the same decolorises the lips and nose; and
labra, et nares, que oculi, et palpebræ , et supercilia, ve
the lips, and nose, and eyes, and palpebræ, and eyelids , or
aliqua ex his eadem pervertuntur ; que is (sc. æger),
any of them alike are perverted (distorted) ; and he,
propter imbecillitatem , jam non audit aut non videt.
on account of weakness, now does not hear or does not see.
Mors denuntiatur eadem ubi æger (sc. homo)
Death is denounced the same (is alike denounced) when the patient
cubat supinus, que ei sunt (pro habet) genua contracta ; ubi
lies supine, and he has the knees drawn up ; when
subinde delabitur deorsum ad pedes ; ubi nudat brachia
hefrequently slips downwards to the feet ; when he strips the arms
et crura , et dispergit inæqualiter, neque subest calor iis ;
and legs, and scatters them disorderly, nor is there heat in them ;
ubi hiat ; ubi dormit assidue ; ubi is qui est non
when he gapes ; when he sleeps constantly; when he who is not
suæ mentis, neque sanus solet
of his own mind (in his senses), nor when in his senses is accustomed
facere id, stridet dentibus ; ubi ulcus quod natum est
to do that, grinds with his teeth ; when an ulcer which has arisen
aut ante, aut in morbo ipso, factum est aridum, et
either before, or in the disease itself, has become dry, and
aut pallidum aut lividum. Illa quoque sunt indicia mortis,
either pale or livid. These also are signs of death,
ungues, que digiti pallidi ; spiritus frigidus ; aut si
the nails, and the fingers pale ; the breath cold ; or if
quis in febre et acuto morbo, vel insania, ve dolore
any one in fever and an acute disease, or insanity, or with pain
pulmonis vel capitis, legit manibu s floccos in veste,
ofthe lungs or head, gathers with his hands locks of wool on the clothes
ve diducit fimbrias, vel carpit si qua
(picks at the bed clothes), or separates the fringe, or catches at whatever
minuta eminent in adjuncto pariete,
minute things areprominent on the adjoining wall.
Etiam dolores orti circa coxas et inferiores partes , si
Also pains having arisen about the hips and lower parts, if

somnum palpebræ non committuntur, sed inter ubi assidue dormit ; ubi is, qui mentis suæ non
has ex albo oculorum aliquid apparet, neque est, neque id facere sanus solet, dentibus
id fluens alvns expressit ; eademque palpebræ stridet ; ubi ulcus, quod aut ante, aut in ipso
pallent, et idem pallor labra et nares decolorat; morbo natum est, aridum, et ant pallidum,
eademque labra, et nares, oculique, et pal aut lividum factum est. Illa quoque mortis
pebræ, et supercilia, aliquave ex his perver indicia sunt, ungues, digitique pallidi ; fri
tuntur ; isque propter imbecillitatem jam non gidus spiritus ; aut si manibus quis in febre,
audit, aut non videt. Eadem mors denuntiatur, et acuto morbo, vel insania, pulmonisve dolore,
ubi æger supinus cubat, eique genua contracta vel capitis, in veste floccos legit, fimbriasve
sunt; ubi deorsumad pedes subinde delabitur ; diducit, vel in adjuncto pariete, si qua minuta
ubi brachia et crura nudat, et inæqualiter eminent,
Dolorescarpit.
etiam circa coxas et inferiores partes
dispergit, neque iis calor subest ; ubi hiat ;
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 69
transierunt ad viscera, que subito desierunt , testantur mortem
they have passed, to the viscera, and suddenly have ceased, testify that death
subesse ; que magis si alia signa accesserunt quoque. Neque
is near ; and more if the other signs have come on also. Nor
potest is servari, qui febricitans sine ullo tumore, subito
can he be saved, who beingfeverish without any swelling, suddenly
strangulatur, aut potest non devorare suam salivam ; ve cui,
is (being) choked, or cannot swallow his saliva ; or to whom ,
in eodem habitu febris que corporis , cervix convertitur
in the same state offever and body, the neck is twisted (awry)
sic ut æque possit devorare nihil ; aut cui est (pro habet)
80 that in like manner he can swallow nothing; or who has
simul continua febris et ultima infirmitas corporis ; aut cui
at the same time continual fever and extreme weakness of body ; or to whom
febre non quiescente exterior pars sc. corporis,
the fever not becoming quiet (subsiding) the external part surface,
friget, interior calet, sic ut etiam faciat sitim ; aut qui,
is cold, the internal is hot, 80 that it even causes thirst ; or who,
febre æque non quiescente, vexatur et
the fever in like manner not subsiding, is troubled with both
delirio et difficultate spirandi simu l; aut qui,
delirium and difficulty ofbreathing at the same time ; or who,
epoto veratro, exceptus est distentione nervorum ,
having drank hellebore, has been seized with distension of the tendons (convulsions),
aut qui, ebrius obmutuit. Enim is fere
or who, being drunk has become dumb. Moreover he generally
consumitur distention e nervorum , nisi aut febris accessit, aut
is wasted by convulsions, unless either fever has come on, or
cœpit loqui eo tempore quo ebrietas debet
he has begun to speak at that time in which the drunkenness ought
solvi.
to be resolved.
Gravida mulier quoque consumitur facile acuto morbo ;
A pregnant woman also is destroyed readily by an acute disease ;
et is, cui somnus auget dolorem ; et cui in
also he, to whom sleep increases pain ; and in whom in
recenti morbo atra-bilis protinus ostendit se
recent disease atra-bile immediately (at the beginning) shews itself
vel infra vel supra ; ve cui promsit se
either downwards or upwards ; 07 in whom it has shewn itself
alterutro modo cum corpus ejûs esset jam extenuatum et
in either way when the body ofhim was already emaciated and

orti, si ad viscera transierunt, subitoque de- | delirio et spirandi difficultate vexatur ; aut
sierunt, mortem subesse testantur ; magisque, qui, epoto veratro, exceptus distentione ner
si alia quoque signa accesserunt. Neque is vorum est; aut qui ebrius obmutuit. Is enim
servari potest, qui sine ullo tumore febricitans, fere nervorum distentione consumitur, nisi
subito strangulatur, aut devorare salivam ant febris accessit, aut eo tempore, quo ebrietas
suam non potest ; cnive in eodem febris cor- solvi debet, loqui cœpit.
porisqueæque
habitu Mulier quoque gravida acnto morbo facile
vorare nihilcervix
possitconvertitur,
; aut cui sic ut de
simul et consumitur ; et is, cui somnus dolorem auget;
continua febris et ultima corporis infirmitas et cui protinus, in recenti morbo, bilis atra veĺ
est; aut cui, febre non quiescente, exterior pars infravel supra se ostendit ; cuive alterutro modo
friget, interior sic calet, ut etiam sitim faciat; se promsit, cum jam longo morbo corpus ejus
aut qui, febre æque non quiescente, simul et esset extenuatum et affectum. Sputum etiam
70 A. CORN. CELSI

affectum longo morbo. Etiam biliosum et purulentum sputum,

affected by continued disease. Also bilious and purulent spitting,
sive ista (sc. sputa) proveniunt separatim sive mixta, ostendunt
whether they come forth separately or mixed, shew
periculum interitûs. Ac si circa septimum diem cœpit
danger of death. And if about the seventh day it has begun
esse tale (sputum), proximum est ut is decedat, circa
to be such , the next thing is that he droops (dies), about
quartumdecimum diem , nisi alia signa meliora ve pejora
the fourteenth day, unless other symptoms better or worse
accesserint : quæ, quo leviora ve graviora subsecuta sunt,
shall have come on: which, the lighter or severer they have followed,
eo denuntiant vel seriorem vel maturiorem mortem. Quoque
by that they indicate 1 either a later or earlier death. Also
frigidus sudor in acutâ febre est pestiferus : atque in omni
a cold sweat in acute fever is fatal: and in every
morbo vomitus qui est varius et multorum colorum ; que
disease vomiting which is various and of many colours ; and
præcipue si est malus odor in hoc. Ac vomuisse sanguinem
especially if there is a bad smell in it. And to have vomited blood
|
quoque in febre est pestiferum . Vero urina consuevit
also in fever is deadly. But the urine has been accustomed
esse rubra et tenuis in magna cruditate ; et sæpe
to be red and thin (watery) in severe crudity ; and often
rapit hominem spatio antequam maturescat :
hurries off a person in a space oftime before that it can maturate :
itaque si talis permanet diutius ostendit periculum mortis.
therefore if such continue longer it shews danger ofdeath.
Tamen, ingra, crassa, mali odoris est pessima, que præcipue
However, black, thick, of a bad smell i8 the worst, and especially
mortifera. Atque talis (sc. urina) quidem est deterrima in viris
deadly. And such indeed is the worst in men
et mulieribus: vero in pueris quæ est tenuis et diluta.
and women : but in boys that which is thin and diluted.
Alvus quoque varia, quæ repræsentat strigmentum, sanguinem,
The fæces also various, which represents (is like) filth, blood,
bilem, aliquid viride, modo diversis temporibus, modo
bile, something green, sometimes at different periods, sometimes
simul, et tamen discreta, in quâdam mixturâ est
together, and although distinct, in a kind of mixture is
pestifera. Sed potest quidem trahere hæc paulo
deadly. But he may indeed draw out (survive) these things a little

biliosum, et purulentum, sive separatim ista, | tenuis in magna cruditate esse consuevit ; et
sive mixta Ac proveniunt, interitus diem
periculum sæpe,: antequam
itaque, si spatio
ostendunt. maturescat, hominem
si circa septimum tale rapit talis diutius permanet, peri
esse cœpit, proximum est, ut is circa quartum- culum mortis ostendit. Pessima tamen est,
decimum diem decedat, nisi alia signa meliora præcipueque mortifera, nigra, crassa, mali
pejorave accesserint : quæ, quo leviora gra- odoris. Atque in virispueris
talis deterrima quidem et mulieribus
viorave subsecuta sunt, eo vel seriorem mor- est : in vero, quæ tenuis
tem,vel maturiorem denuntiant. Sudor quoque et diluta est. Alvus quoque varia, pestifera
frigidus in acuta febre pestiferus est: atque in est, quæ strigmentum, sanguinem, bilem,
omni morbo vomitus, qui varius, et multorum viride aliquid, modo diversis temporibus,
colorum
odor est. estAc; sanguinem
præcipueque, si malus
quoque in hoc
in febre vo- modo
tamen,simul, et in mixtura
repræsentat. quadam,
Sed hæc quidemdiscreta
potest
muisse, pestiferum est. Urina vero rubra et paulo diutius trahere in præcipiti vero jam
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 71
diutius ; vero quæ est liquida denuntiat esse jam
longer; but what is liquid declares that he is already
in præcipiti , que eadem • vel nigra vel pallida vel
at thepoint ofdeath, and the same either black or pale or
pinguis ; utique si magna fœditas odoris accessit.
fatty; especially if great foulness ofsmell has been added.
Scio me posse interrogari illud ab aliquo: si sunt
I know that I may be asked this by some one : if there are
certa indicia mortis futuræ, quomodo, deserti
certain indications ofdeath about to be (approaching death) , how, (patients) deserted
a medicis, interdum convalescant, que (quomodo) fama
by their physicians, sometimes recover, and fame
prodiderit quosdam revixisse in ipsis funebris ? Quin
should report that some have revived in their very funerals ? But
etiam Democritus, vir jure magni nominis, proposuit
also Democritus, a man by right (justly) ofgreat reputation, has asserted
quidem notas vitæ æ
finit , quibis medici credidissent,
even that the signs oflife (being) terminated , towhich physicians had trusted
esse ne satis certas : adeo ut
(on which physicians had relied), were not very certain : insomuch (that)
non reliquit illud, ut essent aliqua certa
he has not left this (has not allowed), that there were any certain
signa mortis futuræ. Adversus quos
signs ofdeath about to occur. Against (in opposition to) whom (which)
ne dicam quidem illud, quod quædam notæ
should I not mention (not to urge) even this, that certain signs
positæ in vicino sæpe decipiunt, non bonos
placed in proximity (ofgreat resemblance) often deceive, not the able
sed imperitos medicos ; quod Asclepiades, obvius funeri,
but the unskilful physicians ; which Asclepiades, meeting afuneral,
intellexit eum qui efferebatur vivere : nec
knew well that he who was (being) carried to burial lived (was alive) : nor
protinus esse crimen artis, si sit quod professoris.
consequently is it the fault of the art, if there be any ofthe professor.
Tamen subjiciam illa moderatius : medicinam esse
However I shall urge these things more moderately : that medicine is
conjecturalem artem , et rationem conjecturæ esse talem,
a conjectural art, and that the nature ofthe conjecture is such ,
ut cum aliquando responderit sæpius, tamen
that although sometimes it should answer very often, notwithstanding
interdum fallat. Non itaque, si quid aliquando
it sometimes deceives. Not therefore, if any (signum) sometimes

esse denuntiat, quæ liquida, eademque vel signa futuræ mortis essent. Adversus quos
ne dicam illud quidem, quod in vicino sæpe
sinigra,
magnavelfœditas
pallida,odoris
vel accessit.
pinguis est ; utique,
quædam notæ positæ, non bonos, sed imperitos
Illud interrogari me posse ab aliquo scio : si medicos decipiunt ; quod Asclepiades funeri
certa futuræ
interdum mortis
deserti indicia
a medicis sunt, quomodo
convalescant, quos obvius intellexit, eum vivere, qui efferebatur :
nec protinus crimen artis esse, si quod pro
damque fama prodiderit in ipsis funeribus fessoris sit. Illa tamen moderatius subjiciam:
revixisse? Quin etiam vir jure magui nominis conjecturalem artem esse medicinam rationem
Democritus, ne finitæ quidem vita satis certas que conjecturæ talem esse, ut cum sæpius
notas esse, proposuit, quibus medici credidis aliquando responderit, interdum tamen fallat.
sent adeo illud non reliquit, ut certa aliqua Non itaque, si quid vix in millesimo corpore
72 A. CORN. CELSI
decipit vix millesimo corpore habet non fidem,
deceives scarcely in the thousandth body (instance) it has no credit,
cum respondant per innumerabiles homines.
since it answers through innumerable persons (in numberless instances).
Que dico id non tantum in iis (signis) quæ
And 1 assert this not only in (with respect to) those which
sunt perstifera ; sed in iis quoque quæ salutaria.
are mortal ; but in (of) those also which (are) salutary.
Siquidem spes etiam interdum frustratur, et aliquis moritur
Since even hope (expectation) also sometimes is disappointed, and one dies
de quo medicus primo fuit securus : que
about whom the physician atfirst was fearless (satisfied) : and
(ea) quæ causa medendi reperta sunt,
those things which for the sake ofhealing have been discovered,
nonnunquam convertunt in pejus alicui. Neque
sometimes turn for the worse in a particular individual. Nor
potest humana imbecillitas evitare id in tantâ varietate corporum .
can human weakness avoid it in sogreat a variety ofbodies
Sed tamen fides est medicinæ, quæ
(constitutions) . But nevertheless credit is (due) to medicine, which
prodest multo sæpius que per multo plures ægros (sc. homines ).
is beneficial much oftener and to many more sick persons.
Neque tamen oportet ignorare notas, in acutis
Nor however does it behoove to be ignorant that the signs, in acute
morbis, et salutis et mortis esse magis fallaces.
diseases, both of recovery and ofdeath are more fallacious.

CAP. VII.
CHAP. VII.
Notæ singulorum Morborum.
Signs of particular Diseases.
Sed cum proposuerim signa, quæ consueverunt esse
But as I have explained the signs, which have been accustomed to be
communia in omni adversâ valetudine,
common in (to belonggenerally to) every kind of bad health,
transibo eo quoque, ut indicem
I shall pass thither also, that Ipoint out (I shall proceed to point out)

aliquando decipit, fidem non habet, cum per quæ multo sæpius, perque multo plures ægros
innumerabiles homines respondeat. Idque non prodest. Neque tamen ignorarenotas oportet, in
in iis tantum, quæ pestifera sunt, dico ; sed in acutis morbis fallaces magis esse et
iis quoque, quæ salutaria. Siquidem etiam salutis, et mortis.
spes interdum frustratur, et moritur aliquis,
de quo medicus securus primo fuit : quæque CAP. VII.- Singulorum Morborum Nota.-SED
medendi causa reperta sunt, nonnunquam in cum proposuerim in omni adversa
signa,essequæconsueverunt
pejus alicui convertunt. Neque id evitare valetudine communia ; eo
humana imbecillitas in tanta varietate cor quoque transibo, ut, quas aliquis in singulis
porum potest. Sed est tamen medicinæ fides, morborum generibus habere possit notas,
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 73

notas quas aliquis possit habere in singulis generibus

the signs which a person may have in the individual kinds
morborum. Sunt quædam quæ ante febres, quædam quæ
of diseases. There are some which before fevers, 80me which
inter eas ostendunt quid aut sit intus,
during them (their existence) shew what either may be within
aut venturum sit. Si caput est grave
(may be going on internally), or willhappen. If the head is heavy
ante febres, aut oculi caligant ex somno, aut sunt
before fevers, or the eyes are dim after sleep, or there are
frequentias ternutamenta, aliquis impetus pituita circa caput potest
frequent sneezings, some attack of phlegm about the head may
timeri. Si sanguis aut calor abundat, proximum est
be feared. If blood 01° heat abound, the nextthing is
ut profluvium sanguinis aliquâ parte
(the consequence is) that a profluvium ofblood from some part
fiat. Si quis emacrescit sine causâ, est metus
may take place. If a person emaciates without a cause, there is fear
ne ejûs corpus recidat in malum habitum. Si
lest his body may fall back into a bad state. If
præcordia dolent, aut est gravis inflatio, aut urina
the præcordia arepainful, or there is severe flatulence, or the urine
fertur non concocta toto die, est manifestum esse cruditatem.
is voided unconcocted the whole day, it is manifest that there is crudity.
Quibus est (pro habet) malus color diu, sine regio
Who have a bad colour for a longtime, without the royal
morbo, hi vel conflictantur doloribus capitis, vel
disease (jaundice), they either are troubled with pains ofthe head, or
edunt terram (malacia nominatur). Qui habent faciem pallidam
eat earth. They who have the face pale
et tumidam diu, laborant aut capite, aut visceribus,
and swollen for a long time, suffer either in the head, or viscera,
aut alvo. Si in continuâ febre venter puero reddit nihil,
or belly. If in a continued fever the belly in aboy voids nothing,
que color mutatur ei, neque somnus accedit,
and his colour is changed for him, nor does sleep come on,
que is plorat assidue, distentio nervorum est
and he weeps constantly, a distension of the sinews (convulsions) is
metuenda. Autem frequens destillatio in tenui que longo
to be feared. But afrequent catarrh in a slender and tall
corpore, testatur tabem esse timendam.
body, indicates that consumption is to be feared (apprehended).

indicem. Quædam autem sunt, quæ ante febres, toto die non concocta fertur urina, cruditatem
quædam quæ inter eas quid aut intus sit, aut esse manifestum est. Quibus diu color sine
venturum sit, ostendunt. Ante febres, si caput morbo regio malus est, hi vel capitis doloribus
grave est, aut ex somno oculi caligant, aut conflictantur, vel terram edunt. Qui diu ha
frequentia sternutamenta sunt, circa caput bent faciem pallidam
ant visceribus, et tumidam,
aut alvo laborant. aut
Si incapite,
con
aliquis pituitæ impetus timeri potest. Si san
guis,
aliquaaut calor
parte abundat, sanguinis
profluvium proximumfiat.
est, Si
ut tinua febre puero venter nihil reddit, mutatur
que ei color, neque somnus accedit, ploratque
sine cansa quis emacrescit, ne in malum is assidue, metuenda nervorum distentio est.
habitum corpus ejus recidat, metus est. Si Frequens autem destillatio in corpore tenui
præcordia dolent, aut inflatio gravis est, aut longoque, tabem timendam esse testatur.
E
74 A. CORN . CELSI
Ubi alvus non descendit pluribus diebus, docet
When thefæces have not descended for several days, it teaches
aut subitam dejectionem, aut febriculam instare.
(portends) that either a sudden purging, or a slight fever is impending.
Ubi pedes turgent, dejectiones sunt longæ ; ubi est
When thefeet swell, the purgings are long (continued) ; when there is
dolor in imo ventre et coxis, aqua inter
pain in the lower (bottom ofthe) belly and hips, water through
cutem instat. Sed hoc genus morbi solet
the skin (dropsy) is impending. But this kind of disease is accustomed
oriri ab ilibus. Periculum propositum est iis quibus
to arise from theflanks (ilia). The danger proposed 18 to those who
est voluntas desidendi , quibus venter 1eddit nihil, nisi
have a desire ofgoing to stool, (in whom the belly voids nothing, unless
et durum et ægre, est tumor in pedibus, que idem
both hard and with difficulty, have a swelling in the feet, and the same
(sc. tumor) modo dextrâ modo sinistrâ parte ventris,
sometimes on the right sometimes on the left side of the belly,
invicem oritur atque finitur. Sed id malum
by turns (alternately) rises and is ended (subsides). But that disorder
videtur proficisci a jocinore. Est nota ejusdem morbi ubi
seems to proceed from the liver. It is a sign ofthe same disease when
intestina circa umbilicum torquentur, Græci nominant στρόφους
the intestines about the umbilicus are pained, the Greeks call them gripes
strophous, que dolores Coxæ manent ; que ea solvuntur
tormina, and pains of the hips continue ; and those things are resolved
neque tempore neque remediis. Autem dolor articulorum , prout
neither by time nor by remedies. But a pain ofthe joints, for instance
in pedibus ve manibus, aut quâlibet aliâ parte, est sic ut
in the feet or hands, 01 any other part, is 80 that
nervi contrahantur eo loco ; aut si id membrum ,
the sinews are contracted in that place ; or if that limb , (when) I
fatigatum ex levi causâ, offenditur æque frigido que calido,
fatigued from a slight cause, is distressed equally by cold and by heat,
denuntiat ποδάγραν (podagran ) ve χειράγραν (cheiragranve ), aut
indicates foot-gout or hand-gout, or
futurum esse morbum ejûs articuli in quo id sentitur.
that there will be disease ofthat *joint in which that is felt.
Quibus in pueritiâ sanguis fluxit ex naribus, dein desiit
In whom in childhood blood hasflowed from the nose, then has ceased
fluere, est necesse hi vel conflictentur doloribus capitis ,
toflow, it is necessary that they either be afflicted with pains ofthe head,

Ubi pluribus diebus non descendit alvus, circa umbilicum intestina torquentur, Corpó
docet, aut subitam dejectionem, aut febricu povs Græci nominant ) coxæque dolores manent;
lam instare. Ubi pedes turgent, longæ dejec eaque neque autem
tur. Dolor tempore, neque remediis
articulorum, proutsolvun
in pe
tiones sunt ; ubi dolor in imo ventre et coxis
est, aqua inter cutem instat. Sed hoc morbi dibus, manibusve, aut alia qualibet parte sic
genus ab ilibus oriri solet. Idem propositum est, ut eo loco nervi contrahantur ; aut si id
periculum est iis, quibus voluntas desidendi membrum, ex levi causa fatigatum, æque fri.
est, venter nihil reddit, nisi et ægre et durum, gido, calidoque offenditur, roddypar xspayparve,
tumor in pedibus est, idemque modo dextra, vel ejus articuli, in quo id sentitur, morbum
modo sinistra parte ventris, invicem oritur futurum esse denuntiat. Quibus in pueritia
atque finitur. Sed a jocinore id malum pro sanguis ex naribus fiuxit, dein fluere desiit,
ficisci videtur. Ejusdem morbi nota est, ubi hi vel capitis doloribus conflictentur necesse
 A. CORN. CELSI 75
vel habeant aliquas graves exulcerationes in articulis, or etiam
or have some severe exulcerations in thejoints, or even
debilitentur aliquo morbo. Est necesse feminis quibus menstrua
be debilitated by some disease. It is necessary that women in whom the menses
non proveniunt sint (pro habeant) acerbissimi dolores
do not come forth (are suppressed) have excruciating pains
capitis, vel quælibet alia pars infestetur morbo. Que eadem
of the head, or that some other part be troubled with disease. And the same
pericula sunt iis™ quibus vitia articulorum, dolores que
dangers are (threaten) to them in whom disorders ofthe joints, pains and
tumores, sine podagra que similibus morbis, oriuntur et desinunt ;
swellings, without gout and similar diseases, arise and cease ;
utique si iis tempora sæpe dolent, que corpora insudant
especially if in them the temples often are painful, and their bodies sweat
noctu. Si frons prurit, est metus lippitudinis. Si mulier
at night. If the forehead itches, there is fear ofa lippitude. If a woman
habet vehementes dolores . a partu, neque sunt alia
have violent pains from (after) child-birth, nor are there other
mala signa præterea, circa vigesimum diem aut sanguis erumpet
bad symptoms besides, about the twentieth day either blood willbreakforth
per nares, aut aliquid abscedet in inferioribus partibus.
through the nose, or something will imposthumate in the inferior parts.
Quicunque habebit ingentem dolorem circa tempora et frontem ,
And whoever shall have severe pain about the temples and forehead,
is finiet eum (sc. dolorem) alterutrâ ratione ; que si erit
he will terminate it in one or other way ; and if it shall be
juvenis, magis per profusionem sanguinis ; si senior, per suppurationem.
a youth, rather by the profusion of blood ; if older, by suppuration.
Autem febris, quæ subito sine ratione, finita est sine
But afever, which suddenly without cause, has been terminated without
bonis signis, fere revertitur.
good symptoms, generally returns.
Cui fauces replentur et interdiu et noctu, sic ut
To whom the fauces are filled both day and night, so that (provided
neque dolores capitis, neque præcordiorum, neque tussis, neque
that) neither pains ofthe head, nor ofthe præcordia, nor cough , nor
vomitus, neque febricula præcesserit, ulcus reperietur aut in
vomiting, nor slightfever has preceded, an ulcer will be found either in
naribus aut faucibus hujûs. Si mulieri inguen
the nose or in thefauces (throat) ofthis person. When to a woman the groin
sc. intumuit et febricula orta est, neque causa apparet,
(hasbecome swollen) and feverishness has arisen , nor does the cause appear

est, vel in articulis aliquas exulcerationes per nares erumpet, aut in inferioribus partibus
graves habeant, vel aliquo morbo etiam debi aliquid abscedet. Quicunque etiam dolorem
fitentur. Quibus feminís menstrua non prove ingentem circa tempora et frontem habebit, is
niunt, necesse est capitis acerbissimi dolores alterutra ratione eum finiet ; magisque, si ju
sint, vel quælibet alia pars morbo infestetur. venis erit, per sanguinis profusionem ; si se
Eademque iis pericula sunt, quibus articulo nior, per suppurationem. Febris autem, quæ
rum vitia, dolores tumoresque, sine podagra subito sine ratione, sine bonis signis finita
similibusque morbis, oriuntur, et desinunt ; est, fere revertitur.
utique, si sæpe tempora iisdem dolent, noctu Cui fauces sanguine et interdiu et noctu re
que corpora
tudinis metusinsudant. Si frous aprurit,
est. Si mulier partu lippi
vehe plentur, sic ut neque capitis dolores, neque
præcordiorum, neque tussis, neque vomitus,
mentes dolores habet, nequealia præterea signa neque febricula præcesserit, hujus aut in na
mala sunt, circa vicesimum diem aut sanguis ribus, aut in faucibus ulcus reperietur. Si
E2
76 MEDICINE LIB. II.
est ulcus in vulvå. Crassa urina, ex quâ quod
(evident), there is an ulcer in the womb. Thick urine, from which what
desidit est album, significat dolorem circa articulos, aut circa viscera,
settles is white, signifies pain about thejoints, or about the viscera,
que esse metum morbi. Eadem /urina) viridis testatur
and thut there is fear of disease. The same (being) green indicates
aut subesse dolorem viscerum, que tumorem cum aliquo periculo ,
either that there is pain ofthe bowels, and swelling with some danger,
aut certe corpus • esse non integrum . At si est pus aut
or at least that the body is not sound. But if there is pus or
sanguis in urinâ , vel vesic a vel renes sunt exulce rati. Si
blood in the urine, either the bladder or the kidneys are ulcerated . If
hæc (sc. urina) crassa habet quasdam exiguas carunculas,
this (being) thick has (c ontain s) some small pieces of flesh,
quasi capillos, aut si bullat, et olet male, et trahit interdum
like hairs, or if it bubbles, and smells badly, and brings off sometimes
quasi arenam , interdum quasi sanguinem , autem coxæ dolent,
as it were sand, sometimes as if blood, but thehips are in pain,
quæqu e sunt inter has (sc. coxas) que super pubes, et
and whatever are between them and above the pubes, and
freque ntes nt um
ructus accedu , interd biliosu vomitu que s s, extremæ
frequent belchings come on, sometimes bilious vomiting, and the extreme
partes frigescunt, cupiditas urinæ est crebra sed difficultas
parts become cold, the desire (ofvoiding) of urine is frequent but the difficulty
magna, et quod est inde excretum est simile aquæ, aut rufum
great, and what is thence excreted is like water, or reddish
vel pallidum , tamen est paulum levamenti in eo, vero alvus
or pale, however there is alittle relief in it, but the excrement
redditur cum multo spiritu, vitium est utique in renibus. At
is voided with much wind, the disease is certainly in the kidneys. But
si destillat paulatim , vel si sanguis editur per hanc (sc.
if it drops away gradually, or if blood is discharged by (with) it
urinam) et quædam cruenta concreta sunt in eo (sc. sanguine), que id
and 80me bloody concretions are in it, and that
ipsum (sc. concretum) redditur cum difficultate, et interiores partes
itself is voided with difficulty, and the interior parts
circa pubem dolent, vitium est vesicâ in eâdem
about the pubes are in pain, the disease is in the bladder in the same
sc. pube. Vero calculosi cognoscuntur his indiciis ;
(contained in the pelvis.) is.) But calculous persons are known by these signs;
urina redditur difficulter, que destillat paulatim, interdum etiam
the urine is voided difficultly, and it drops away slowly, sometimes even

mulieri inguen et febricula orta est, neque inter has superque pubem sunt, et accedunt
cansa apparet, ulcus in vulva est. Urina au frequentes ructus, interdum vomitus biliosus,
tem crassa, ex qua quod desidit, album est, extremæque partes frigescunt, urinæ crebra
significat circa articulos, aut circa viscera do cupiditas, sed magna difficultas est, et quod
lorem, metumque morbi esse. Eadem viridis, inde excretum est, aquæ simile, vel rufum, vel
autviscerum dolorem, tumoremque cum aliquo pallidum est, paulum tamen in eo levamenti
periculo subesse, aut certe corpus integrum est, alvus vero cum multo spiritu redditur,
non esse, testatur. At si sanguis aut pus in utique in- renibus vitium est. At si paulatim
urina est, vel vesica vel renes exulcerati sunt. destillat, vel si sanguis per hanc editur, et in
Si hæc crassa, carunculas quasdam exiguas eo quædam cruenta concreta sunt, idque ip
olet,
quasi capillos habet, aut si bullat, et malequasi sum cum difficultate redditur, et circa pubem
et interdum quasi arenam, interdum interiores partes dolent, in eademcognoscuntur:
vesica vitium
sanguinem trahit, dolent autem coxæ, quæque est. Calculosi vero his indiciis
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 77

sine voluntate; eadem (sc. urina) est arenosa ; nonnunquam

without (against) the will ; the same is sandy ; sometimes
aut sanguis aut aliquid cruentum aut purulentum excernitur cum
either blood or something bloody or purulent is excreted with
eâ; que quidam promtius reddunt eam recti, quidam
it; and some more readily void it (when) upright, some
resupinati, que maxime ii qui habent grande s calculos,
lying on their back, and especially those who have large calculi,
quidam etiam inclinati, que levant dolorem extendendo colem.
some even inclined, and ease 1 the pain by extending the yard.
Est quoque sensus cujusdam gravitatis in eå parte: atque ea
There is also a sense ofsome weight in that part: and that
(sc. gravitas) augetur cursu, que omni motu. Quidam etiam
is increased by running, and every (kind of) motion. Some even
cum torquentur implicant pedes inter se
when they are pained fold theirfeet between themselves (interfold their
vicibus subinde mutatis . Vero feminæ crebro coguntur
feet) the turns being frequently changed. But women frequently areforced
scabere oras suorum naturalium , manibus admotis : nonnunquam
to rub the orifices oftheir privities, the hands being applied : sometimes
si admoverunt digitum, sentiunt calculum ubi is (sc. calculus)
when they have applied thefinger, theyfeel the calculus where it
urget cervicem vesicæ.
presses the neck ofthe bladder.
At qui exscreant spumantem sanguinem, his est vitium in
But who expectorate frothing blood, they have disease in
pulmone. Alvus fusa sine modo gravidæ mulieri
the lung. The belly relaxed without bounds (excessively) to a pregnant woman
potest elidere partum.. Eidem si lac profluit
may squeeze out the birth (cause a miscarriage). To thesame if milk flowsforth
ex mammis, quod gerit intus est imbecillum ; mammæ duræ,
from the breasts, what she carries within is weak ; thebreasts hard,
testantur illud esse sanum. Frequens singultus et continuus
testify that it is healthy. Frequent hiccup and continued
præter consuetudinem, significat. jecur esse inflammatum .
beyond custom (unusually protracted), signifies that the liver is inflamed.
Si tumores super ulcera subito desierunt esse, que
If swellings over ulcers have suddenly ceased to be (disappeared), and
id incidit a tergo, vel distentio nervorum vel rigor
it occurs in the back, either convulsions or spasm (tetanus)
potest timeri : at si id evenit a priore parte, vel acutus
may be feared : but if that happens at thefore part, either acute

difficulter urina redditur, paulatimque, inter- motis scabere crebro coguntur : nonnunquam,
dum etiam sine voluntate, destillat ; eadem si digitum admoverunt, ubi vesica cervicem is
arenosa est ; nonnunquam aut sanguis, aut urget, calculum sentiunt.
cruentum, aut purulentu aliquid
cernitur ; eamque quidam mpromtius cum eaquiex At, qui spumantem sanguinem exscreant, his
inpulmone vitium est. Mulieri gravida sine mo
dam resupinati, maximeque ii, quirecti,
grandes do fusa alvus elidere partum potest. Eidem si lac
calculos habent, quidam etiam inclinati red ex mammis profluit, imbecillum est quod intus
dunt, colemque extendendo, dolorem levant. gerit : duræ mammæ, sanum illud esse, tes
Gravitatis quoque cujusdam in ea parte sensus tantur. Frequens singultus, et præter consu
est : atque ea cursu, omnique motu augetur. etudinem continuus, jecur inflammatum esse,
Quidam etiam, cum torquentur, pedes inter significat. Si tumores super ulcera subito esse
se, subinde mutatis vicibus, implicant. Femi desierunt, idque a tergo incidit, vel distentio
næ vero oras naturalium suorum manibus ad nervorum, vel rigor timeri potest: at si a pri
78 A. CORN. CELSI
dolor lateris vel insania est exspectanda ; interdum etiam profusio
pain ofthe side 01* insanity is tobe expected ; sometimes also aAux
alvi, quæ est tutissima inter hæc, sequitur casum
ofthe belly, which is the safest among (of) these, follows a misfortune
ejusmodi. Si ora venarum, solita fundere sanguinem.
ofthat kind. If the mouths of the veins, accustomed topour out blood,
suppressa sunt subito, aut aqua inter cutem aut
have been suppressed suddenly, either water within the skin (dropsy) or
tabes sequitur. Tabes eadem subit, si
consumption follows. Consumption the same (in like manner) comes on, if
suppuratio orta in dolore lateris non potuit
suppuration (having) arisen in (from) pain ofthe side has not been able
purgari intra quadraginta dies. At si est longa
to be purged off within forty days. But if there is long (continued)
tristitia, cum longo timore et vigilia, morbus atræ-bilis subit.
grief, with long fear and watching, the disease ofatra-bile succeeds.
Quibus sanguis sæpe fluit ex naribus, his aut lienis
To whom blood often flows from the nose, tothem either the spleen
tumet, aut sunt dolores capitis : sequitur quos, ut quædam
swells, or there are pains ofthe head: it follows which, that some
imagines tanquam obversent ur ante oculos. At quibus sunt
images as it were seem present before the eyes. But who have
(pro habent) lienes magnæ, his sunt gingivæ malæ et
the spleens large, they have the gums bad (diseased) and
OS olet, aut sanguis prorumpit aliquâ parte : si nihil
the mouth stinks, or blood breaksforth from some part : if nothing
quorum evenit, est necesse (ut) mala ulcera fiant cruribus,
ofwhich happens, it is necessary that bad ulcers take place in the legs,
et ex his nigræ cicatrices. Quibus est causa doloris, nec
and from them black cicatrices. (They) who have cause ofpain, NOT
sensus ejûs, his mens labat. Si sanguis confluxit in ventrem ,
sense of it, to these the mind fails. If bloo has collected in the belly,
ibi vertitur in pus. Si dolor transit in pectus a
there it is turned into pus. If pain passes into the breast from
coxis et ab inferioribus partibus, neque ullum malum signum
the hips and from the inferior parts, nor has any bad sign
accessit, est periculum suppurationis eo loco. Quibus
come on, there is danger ofsuppuration in that place. To whom
sine febre est dolor aliquâ parte, aut prurigo, cum rubore et
without fever there is pain in any part, or itching, with redness and
calore, ibi aliquid suppurat. Urina quoque, quæ est liquida in
heat, there something is suppurating. Urine also, which is liquid in

ore parte id evenit, vel lateris acutus dolor, vel sentur. At quibus magni lienes sunt, his gin
insania exspectanda est ; interdum etiam ejus givæ malæ sunt, et os olet, aut sanguis aliqua
modi casum, quæ tutissima inter hæc est, pro parte prorumpit : quorum si nihil evenit, ne
fusio alvi sequitur. Si ora venarum, sangui cesse est in cruribus mala ulcera, et ex his
nem solita fundere, subito suppressa sunt, aut nigræ cicatrices fiant. Quibus causa doloris,
aqua inter cutem, aut tabes, sequitur. Eadem neque sensus ejus est, his mens labat. Si in
tabes subit, si in lateris dolore orta suppuratio ventrem sanguis confluxit, ibi in pus vertitur.
intra quadraginta dies purgaritimore non potuit. Si a coxis, et ab inferioribus partibus dolor in
At si longa tristitia cum longo et vigi pectus transit, neque ullum signum malum
lia est, atræ bilis morbus subest. Quibus sæpe accessit, suppurationis eo loco periculum est.
ex naribus fluit sanguis, his aut lienis tumet, Quibus sine febre aliqua parte dolor, aut pru
aut capitis dolores sunt : quos sequitur, ut rigo, cum rubore et calore est, ibi aliquid sup
quædam ante oculos tanquam imagines obver purat. Urina quoque, quæ in homine sano
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 79
homine parum sano, denuntiat aliquam suppurationem futuram esse
aperson not very healthy, indicates that some suppuration willtake place
eirca aures.
about the ears.
Vero hæc, cum sine febre quoque, habeant
But these things, although without fever also , they afford
notas vel latentium vel futurarum rerum, sunt multo
the signs either ofhidden or offuture things, are much
certiora, ubi febris accessit ; atque tum etiam signa
more certain, when fever has come on ; and then also the signs
aliorum morborum nascuntur. Ergo insania est protinus
ofother diseases arise. Therefore insanity is immediately
timenda, ubi sermo alicujus est expeditior quam fuit
tobefeared, when the speech ofany one is more quick than it has been
(ejusdem) sani, et loquacitas subita (adverb) orta est, et hæc
ofhim in health, and loquacity suddenly has arisen, and this
ipsa (sc. loquacitas) audacior solito : aut ubi quis sprirat
itself(has become) more bold than usual : or when aperson breathes
raro et vehementer, que habet venas concitatas,
slowly and violently (forcibly), and has the vessels excited,
præcordiis duris et tumentibus. Quoque frequens motus
the præcordia being hard and swollen. Also afrequent motion
oculorum , et tenebræ offusæ oculis in dolore capitis ; vel
ofthe eyes, and darkness spread before the eyes in (with) pain ofthe head ; or
nullo dolore substante, somnus ereptus, et vigilia continuata
no pain existing, the sleep (being) debarred, and the watching continued
nocte et die ; vel corpus prostratum in ventrem Contra
night and day ; or the body laid flat upon the belly contrary
consuetudinem , sic ut dolor alvi ipsiûs non coëgerit
to custom (habit), so as (provided that) pain ofthe belly itself have not forced
id ; item, corpore adhuc robusto, insolitus stridor dentium,
that ; also, the body being still strong, an unusual grinding ofthe teeth,
sunt signa insaniæ. Etiam si quid abscessit, et
are signs of madness. Also if any thing has imposthumated, and
subsedit antequam suppuraret i. e. per sputum prodiret febre
has subsided before that it suppurated ( i. e. was voided by spitting fever
adhuc manente, affert periculum, primum furoris, deinde
still continuing, itbrings danger, first ofmadness, then
interitûs. Acutus dolor auris quoque, cum continuâ que
of death. Acute pain ofthe ear also, with continued and
vehementi febre, sæpe turbat mentem ; et juniores interdum
violent fever, often disturbs the mind ; and youngerpersons sometimes

parum liquida est,

suppurationem essecirca aures futuram aliquam
denuntiat. quens motus, et in capitis dolore offusæ oculis
tenebræ; vel, nullo dolore substante, somnus
Hæc vero, cum sine febre quoque vel laten ereptus, continuataque nocte et die vigilia ;
tium, vel futurarum rerum notas habeant, vel prostratum contra consuetudinem corpus in
multo certiora sunt, ubi febris accessit ; atque ventrem, sic ut ipsius alvi dolor id non coë
etiam aliorum morborum tum signa nascuntur. gerit ; item, robusto adhuc corpore, insolitus
Ergo protinus insania timenda est, ubi expe dentium stridor, et
etiam abscessit, insaniæ signasuppuraret,
antequam sunt. Si quid
ma
ditior alicujus, quam sani fuit, sermo est, su
bitaque loquacitas orta est, et hæc ipsa solito nente adhuc febre, subsedit, periculum affert
audacior : aut ubi raro quis et vehementer spi primum furoris, deinde interitus. Auris quo
rat, venasque concitatas habet, præcordiis que dolor acutus, cum febre continua vehemen
duris et tumentibus. Oculorum quoque fre tique, sæpe mentem turbat ; et ex eo casu ju
80 A. CORN, CELSI
moriuntur ex eo casu intra septimum diem ; seniores
die from that accident within the seventh day; older persons
tardius ; quoniam neque experiuntur æque magnas febres
slower (last longer); because neither do they experience equally violent fevers
neque æque insaniunt: ita sustinent dum is affectus
nor become equally insane : 80 they last until that affection
vertatur in pus. Mammæ mulieris suffusæ sanguine quoque
be changed into pus . The breasts of a woman suffused with blood, also
testantur furorem venturum esse. Autem quibus sunt longæ
testify that madness will come on. But who have long
febres, his erunt (pro habebunt) aut aliqui abscessus,
fevers, they will have either some abscesses (somewhere),
aut dolores articulorum . Quorum spiritus illiditur faucibus
or pains ofthe joints. Ofwhom the breath is forced from thefauces
in febre, distentio nervorum instat his. Si angina
in fever, distention ofthe sinews (convulsions) threatens these. If angina
finita est subito, id malum transit in pulmonem ; que
has been terminated suddenly, that disorder passes into the lungs: and
id sæpe occidit intra septimum diem : quod nisi incidat,
that often kills within the seventh day : which unless it happens,
sequitur ut suppuret (impersonaliter) aliquâ parte. Deinde
itfollows that it suppurates (that pus forms) in some part. Then
post longam resolutionem alvi, tormina ; post hæc
after long purging ofthe belly, gripes (dysenteries) ; after the latter
lævitas intestinorum oritur ; post nimias destillationes,
a slipperiness ofthe intestines (lientery) arises ; after violent catarrhs,
tabes ; post dolorem lateris vitia pulmonum ;
consumption ; after apain ofthe side (pleurisy) diseases ofthe lungs ; (peri
post hæc, insania ; post magnos fervores corporis,
pneumony); after these, insanity ; after great heats ofthe body,
rigor nervorum , aut distentio ; ubi
stiffness ofthe tendons (tetanus, cramps, or spasm), or convulsions ; when
caput vulneratum est, delirium ; ubi vigilia torsit,
the head has been wounded, delirium ; when watching has tortured,
distentio nervorum ; ubi venæ super ulcera moventur
convulsions; when the vessels over ulcers are moved (pulsate)
vehementer profluvium sanguinis sc. fiet. Vero
violently aflow ofblood ( will take place. ) But
suppuratio excitatur pluribus morbis. Nam si febres
suppuration is excited in many diseases. For if fevers
sine dolore remanent longæ sine manifestâ
without pain remain (continue) long without a manifest

niores interdum intra septimum diem moriun nisi incidat, sequitur ut aliqua parte suppu
tur; seniores tardius ; quoniam neque æque ret. Deinde post alvi longam resolutionem,
magnas febres experiuntur, neque æque insa tormina ; post hæc, intestinorum lævitas
niunt: ita sustinent, dum is affectus in pus oritur ; post nimias destillationes, tabes ; post
vertatur. Suffusæ quoque sanguine mulieris lateris dolorem, vitia pulmonum ; post hæc,
mammæ,
Quibus autem furorem
longæventurum esse,histestantur.
febres sunt, aut ab insania ; post magnos fervores corporis, ner
scessus aliqui, aut articulorum dolores erunt. vorum est,
ratum rigor, aut distentio
delirium ; ubi torsit,
caput vulne
; ubi vigilia nervo
Quorum faucibus in febre illiditur spiritus, in rum distentio ; ubi vehementer venæ super
stat hisest,nervorum
finita distentio.
in pulmonem Si angina
id malum transitsubito
; id- ulcera moventur, sanguinis profluvium. Suppu
ratio vero pluribus morbis excitatur. Nam si
que sæpe intra septimum diem occidit : quod longæ febres sine dolore, sine manifesta causa
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 81
causâ, id malum incumbit in aliquam partem ; in junioribus
cause, that disease falls upon some part ; in younger persons
tamen; nam in senioribus quartana fere nascitur ex morbo
however; for in older persons a quartan generally arises from a disease
ejusmodi. Suppuratio fit eadem, si præcordia
ofthat kind. Suppuration takes place the same (alike), if the præcordia
dura dolentia non sustulerunt hominem ante
(being) hard (and) painful have not carried off the person before
vicesimum diem, neque sanguis fluxit ex naribus, que maxime in
the twentieth day, nor has blood flowed from the nose, and most of all in
adolescentibus ; utique si inter principia fuerunt aut
youths ; especially if at the beginning there have been either
caligo oculorum aut dolores capitis : sed tum aliquid
dimness ofthe eyes or pains ofthe head: but then something
abscedit in inferioribus partibus. Aut si præcordia habent
imposthumates in the inferior parts. Or if the præcordia have
mollem tumorem , neque desinunt habere intra sexaginta dies,
a soft tumour, nor do they cease to have it within sixty days,
que febris hæret per omne tempus : sed tum
and thefever sticks (continues) during all that time : but then
abscessus fit in superioribus partibus ; ac si non fit
the abscess occurs in the superior parts; and if it does not take place
inter viscera ipsa, erumpit circa aures. Que cum
amongst the viscera themselves, it breaks out about the ears. And as
omnis longus tumor fere spectet ad suppurationem, is
every long tumour generally looks (tends) to suppuration, that
(sc. tumor) qui est in procordiis tendit magis eo, quain is
which is in the præcordia tends more thither, than that
qui est in ventre ; is qui est supra umbilicum , quam
which is in thebelly; that which is above the umbilicus, than
is qui (est) infra. Si est etiam sensus lassitudinis in
that which is beneath. If there is also a sense oflassitude in
febre, aliquod abscedit vel in maxillis vel in articulis.
fever, something is imposthumating either in thejaws or in thejoints.
Interdum quoque urina fertur diu sic tenuis et cruda,
Sometimes also the urine is voided a long time thus thin and crude,
ut alia signa sunt salutaria ; que ex eo casu
that (although) the other symptoms are salutary; and in that case
abscessus plerumque fit infra transversum septum quod Græci
an abscess generally takes place below the transverse septum which the Greeks
vocant διάφραγμα. ) Dolor etiam pulmonis, si est
call diaphragm. Pain also ofthelung (peripneumony), if it is

remanent, in aliquam partem id malum in | febris : sed tum in superioribus partibus fit
cumbit ; injunioribus tamen: nam in senioribus abscessus ; ac si inter ipsa viscera non fit,
ex ejusmodi morbo quartana fere nascitur. circa aures erumpit. Cumque omnis longus
Eadem suppuratio fit, si præcordia dura, do tumor ad suppurationem fere spectet, magis
lentia ante vicesimum diem hominem non sus eo tendit is, qui in præcordiis, quam is, qui in
tulerunt, neque sanguis ex naribus fluxit, ventre est ; is, qui supra umbilicum, quam is,
maximeque in adolescentibus ; utique, si inter qui infra est. Si lassitudinis etiam sensus in
principia aut oculorum caligo, aut capitis do febre est, vel in maxillis, vel in articulis ali
fores fuerunt : sed tum in inferioribus partibus quid abscedit. Interdum quoque urina tenuis
aliquid abscedit. Aut si præcordia tumorem et cruda sic diu fertur, ut alia salutaria signa
mollem habent, neque habere intra sexaginta sint ; exque eo casu plerumque infra transver
dies desinunt, hæretque per omne id tempus sum septum (quod diappaya Græci vocant)
B3
82 A. CORN . CELSI
finitus neque per sputa neque per detractionem
terminated neither by the spitting (expectoration) nor by abstraction
sanguinis, neque per rationem victûs, interdum excitat aliquas vomicas,
ofblood, nor by the plan ofdiet, sometimes excites some vomica,
aut circa vicesimum, aut circa tricesimum , aut circa
either about the twentieth, or about the thirtieth, 01 about
quadrigesimum, nonnumquam etiam circa sexagesimum diem. Autem
thefortieth, sometimes even about the sixtieth day. But
numerabimus ab eo die quo aliquis primum febricitavit,
we shall reckon from that day on which the person first became feverish,
aut inhorruit, aut sensit gravitatem ejus partis. Sed hæ vomicæ
or shivered, or felt a weight ofthat part. But these vomica
nascuntur modo a pulmone, modo a parte contraria.
arise sometimes in the lung, sometimes from (in) the part opposite.
Quod suppurat concitat dolorem que inflammationem ab eâ
What is suppurating excites pain and inflammation from (in) that
parte quam afficit ; ipsum (sc. quod suppurat) est calidius ; et si
part which it affects ; itself is hotter; and if
aliquis decubuit in sanam partem videtur onerare eam ex
the person has lain down upon the sound side he seems to load it from
aliquo pondere. Etiam omnis suppuratio quæ nondum
(with) some weight. Also every suppuration which is not yet
patet oculis potest deprehendi sic : si febris non
evident to the eyes may be detected thus (as follows) : if thefever does not
dimittit que ea est levior interdiu, increscit noctu ;
leave off (intermit) and it is milder during the day, it increases at night ;
multus sudor oritur ; est cupiditas tussiendi, et pæne nihil
great sweating arises ; there is a desire ofcoughing, and almost nothing
exscreatur in tussi ; oculi sunt cavi;
(scarcely any thing) is expectorated during the cough; the eyes are hollow ;
malæ rubent ; venæ sub linguâ inalbescunt ; ungues in
the cheeks grow red ; the veins under the tongue become white ; the nails on
manibus fiunt adunci; digiti,. que maxime summi,
the hands become crooked ; thefingers, and especially their extremities (tips),
calent, sunt tumores in pedibus ; spiritus trahitur
become hot (burn), there are swellings on the feet : the breath is drawn
difficilius ; est fastidium cibi ; pustulæ oriuntur
more difficultly ; there is loathing offood ; pustules (pimples) arise
toto corpore. Quod si protinus initio fuit
over the whole body. But if immediately from the beginning there has been
dolor et tussis, et difficultas spiritûs, vomica erumpet
pain and cough, and difficulty ofthe breathing, the vomica will break out

fit
perabscessus.
sputa, pequeDolor
peretiam pulmonis,
sanguinis si neque | quo
detractionem, aliquis decubuit,Omnis
videtur. onerareetiam
eam suppuratio,
ex pondere quæ
ali
neque per victus rationem finitus est, vomicas nondum oculis patet, sic deprehendi
aliquas interdum excitat, aut circa vicesimum test : si febris non dimittit, eaque interdiu po
diem, aut circa tricesimum, aut circa quadra- levior est, noctu increscit ; multus sudor
gesimum, nonnunquam etiam circa sexage- oritur ; cupiditas tussiendi est, et pæne nihil
simum. Numerabimus autem ab eo die, quo in tussi exscreatur ; oculi cavi sunt ; malæ
primum febricitavit
gravitatem aliquis,
ejus partis sensit.autSed
inhorruit,
hæ vomicaaut rubent; venæ
nibus fiunt sub lingua
adunci unguesinalbescunt ; in ma
; digiti, maximeque
modo a pulmone, modo a contraria parte nas- summi, calent ; in pedibus tumores sunt ; spi
cuntur. Quod suppurat, ab ea parte, quam ritus difficilius trahitur ; cibi fastidium est;
afficit, dolorem inflammationemque concitat ; pustulæ toto corpore oriuntur. Quod si pro
ipsum calidius est ; et si in partem sanam tinus initio dolor et tussis fuit, et spiritus dif.
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 83
vel ante vel circa vicesimum diem : si ista cæperint
either before or about the twentieth day : if those (symptoms) have begun
serius est necesse quidem increscant ; sed quo
later it is necessary indeed that they increase (they must increase) ; but the
minus cito affecerint eo tardius solventur. Etiam
less quickly they have affected the more slowly will they be resolved. Also
gravi morbo pedes, cum digitis que unguibus, solent
in a severe disease the feet, with the fingers and nails, are accustomed
nigrescere : quod si mors non consecuta est, et reliquum corpus
to grow black : which if death have notfollowed, and the rest (of) the body
invaluit, pedes tamen decidunt.
has recovered, the feet notwithstanding fall off.

CAP. VIII.
CHAP. VIII.
Fausta et infausta (sc. signa) in singulis.
The favourable and unfavourable in each .
Sequitur ut explicem proprias notas in quoque genere
It follows that I explain the particular signs in each kind
morbi, quæ ostendant vel spem vel periculum. Si urina
ofdisease, which shew (afford) either hope 01 danger. If the urine
processit purulenta, ex dolenti vesicâ, que læve et album
hasgoneforth purulent, from a painful bladder, and a smooth and white
(sc. sedimentum subsedit in eâ (sc. urinâ ) , detrahit metum .
sediment has subsided in it, it takes away fear (apprehension).
In morbo pulmonis si dolor levatur sputo ipso,
In disease ofthe lung (pueumonia) if the pain is relieved by the spitting itself,
quamvis id (sc. sputum) est purulentum , tamen æger spirat
although that is purulent, yet the patient breathes
facile, exscreat facile, non fert morbum ipsum difficulter ,
easily, expectorates easily, does not bear the disease itself difficultly,
secunda valetudo potest contingere ei. Neque convenit terreri
good health may befall him. Nor is it proper to be alarmed
inter initia, si sputum est mixtum protinus quodam
at the beginning, if the spitting is mixed at thefirst with something
rufo, (ξυμμέμιγμενον τε φάινεσθαι τὸ ξανθὸν ισχυρῶς τῶ
yellowish,

ficultas, vomica vel ante vel circa vicesimum SEQUITUR, ut in quoque morbi genere proprias
diem erumpet : si serius ista cœperint, necesse notas explicem, quæ vel spem, vel periculum
est quidem increscant ; sed quo minus cito ostendant. Ex vesica dolenti, si purulenta
affecerint, eo tardius solventur. Solent etiam urina processit, inque ea læve et album subse
ingravi morbo pedes cum digitis unguibusque dit, metum detrahit. In pulmonis morbo, si
nigrescere : quod si non est mors consecuta, sputo ipso levatur dolor, quamvis id purulen
et reliquum corpus invaluit, pedes tamen de tum est, tamen æger facile spirat, facile ex
cidunt. screat, morbum ipsum non difficulter fert, po
test ei secunda valetudo contingere. Neque
CAP. VIII.-Fausta et infausta in singulis. inter initia terreri convenit, si protinus spu
84 A. CORN . CELSI

TTVEλw. Hip. Prænot. Sect. ii. 41.) et sanguine, dummodo statim

and with blood, provided it be immediately
edatur. Dolores laterum finiuntur, suppuratione
putforth. Pains ofthe sides (pleurisies) are terminated, by suppuration
factâ, deinde purgatâ intra quadrigesimum. Si
being established, afterwards beingpurged off within the fortieth day. If
est vomica in jocinore, et purum et album pus fertur
there is a vomica in the liver, and pure and white pus is discharged
ex eâ (vomica) salus facilis ei (ægro) : enim id malum
from it safety (recovery) (is) easy to that patient: for that disease
est in tunicâ. Vero ex suppurationibus ex
is (seated) in the tunic (the membrane) . But of suppurations those
sunt tolerabiles quæ feruntur in exteriorem partem, et
are tolerable which are borne to the more external part, and
acuuntur : at ex iis quæ procedunt intus,
are sharpened (point outwardly) : but of those which tend inwards,
eæ leviores, quæ non afficiunt cutem contra se, que
they (are) milder, which do not affect the skin opposite themselves, and
sinunt eam esse et sine dolore, et ejusdem coloris
permit it to be (remain) both without pain, and ofthe same colour
cujûs reliquæ partes sunt. Pus quoque, quâcunque parte
of which the remaining parts are. Pus also, from whatever part
erumpit, si est læve, album, et unius coloris, est
it breaks out, if it is smooth, white, and ofone (uniform) colour, is
sine ullo metu ; et quo (sc. pure) effuso febris
without any fear; and on which being discharged the fever
protinus conquievit, que fastidium cibi, et desiderium
has immediately subsided, and the loathing offood, and desire
potionis desierunt urgere. Si quando etiam suppuratio
for drink have ceased to oppress. If at any time also a suppuration
descendit in crura, que sputum ejusdem sc. hominis, factum est
has descended into the legs, and the spitting ofthesame patient has become
purulentum pro rufo, est minus periculi. At in
purulent instead of reddish, there is less danger. But in
tabe sputum ejûs qui futurus est
consumption the spitting ofthat hominis,)
(sc.patient, who will become
salvus, debet esse album, totum æquale, que ejusdem
safe (willrecover), ought to be white, whole (ly) uniform, and ofthe same
coloris, sine pituita: que, si quid destillat in nares
colour, without phlegm : and, if any thing drops down into the nose
a capite, oportet esse simile ei. Est longe optimum
from the head, it behoves that it be like to it. It is by far the best

tum
dummodomixtum est rufo
statim quodam,
edatur. et sanguine,,
Laterum dolores, que partesine
coloris, erumpit, si estest;
ullo metu læve,et,album, et unius
quo effuso, fe
suppuratione
simum diem purgata, finiuntur. Si in jocinore cibi fastidium et potionis desiderium.urgere
facta, deinde intra quadrage- bris protinus conquievit, desieruntque Si
vomica est, et ex ea fertur pus purum et album, quando etiam suppuratio descendit in crura,
salus ei facilis : id enim malum in tunica est. sputumque ejusdem factum pro rufo purulen
Ex suppurationibus vero eæ tolerabiles sunt, tum est, periculi minus est. At in tabe ejus,
quæ in exteriorem partem feruntur, et acuun- qui salvus futurus est, sputum esse debet al
tur: atex iis, quæ intus procedunt, eæ leviores, bum, æquale totum, ejusdemque coloris, sine
quæ contra se cutem non afficiunt, eamque et pituita : eique etiam simile esse oportet, si quid
partesdolore
sine sunt, etsinunt
ejusdem
esse. coloris, cujus quacun-
Pus quoque, reliquæ in
est,nares
febrema capite
omninodestillat.
non esse Longe optimum
: secundum est,
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 85
febrem esse non omnino : secundum est esse
that fever be not at all (be nofever at all) : the second (next) is that it be
tantulam ut neque impediat cibum neque faciat crebram sitim.
80 little that it neither hinder food nor cause frequent thirst.
Ea alvus est tuta in hac valetudine, quæ
That belly (state ofbowels) is safe in this disease, which (relieved)
quotidie reddit coacta sc. excrementa, que ea convenientia
daily voids consistent (sc excrements, and those agreeing
iis quæ assumuntur ; id corpus, quod est minime tenue,
with those things which are taken ; that body, which is least thin,
que maxime lati atque setosi pectoris, que cartilago cujus est
and ofa very broad and hairy chest, and the cartilage ofwhich is
exigua et carnosa. Si menstrua quoque suppressa fuerunt mulieri
small and fleshy. If the menses also have been suppressed to a woman
super tabem, et dolor mansit circa pectus atque
upon a consumption, and pain has remained about the breast and
scapulas, que sanguis subito erupit, morbus solet
scapula, and the blood suddenly has broken forth, the disease is accustomed
levari : nam et tussis minuitur, et sitis atque febricula
to be relieved : for both the cough is abated, and the thirst and feverishness
desinunt. Sed fere iisdem nisi sanguis
cease. But mostly in the same (patients) unless the blood (menses)
redit vomica erumpit, quæ quo cruentior, eo melior est.
returns, the vomica breaks, which the more bloody, the better it is.
Autem aqua inter cutem est terribilis minime , quæ cœpit
But (that) water within the skin (dropsy) is to be feared least, which began
nullo morbo antecedente, deinde quæ supervenit longo morbo :
no disease preceding, then that which supervenes a chronic disease:
utique si vescera sunt firma; si spíritus facilis ; si
especially if the viscera are firm; if the breathing (is) easy ; if (there is)
nullus dolor; si corpus est sine calore, que est æqualiter macrum
no pain ; if the body is without heat, and is equally lean
in extremis partibus ; si venter mollis ; si nulla tussis ;
in its extreme parts ; if the belly (is) soft; if(there is) no cough ;
nulla sitis ; si lingua ne inarescit quidem per somnum ; si
no thirst; if the tongue does not become dry even during sleep ; if
est cupiditas cibi ; si venter movetur medicamentis ; si
there is a desire (appetite) forfood ; if the belly is moved by medicines ; if
excernit per se mollia et figurata sc. excrementa
it excretes by itself (spontaneously) soft and figured (sc excrements ; ;)
si extenuatur (sc. venter) ; si urina mutatur et mutatione vini
if it is reduced ; if the urine is changed both by change of wine

tantulam esse, ut neque cibum impediat, neque vomica erumpit ; quæ quo cruentior, eo melior
crebram sitim faciat. Alvus in hac valetudine est. Aqua autem inter cutem minime terri
ea tuta est, quæ quotidie coacta, eaque conve bilis est, quæ nullo antecedente morbo cœpit ;
nientia iis, quæ assumuntur, reddit; corpus deinde,
si firma quæ longo
viscera suntmorbo supervenit
; si spiritus : utique,
facilis ; si
id, quod minime tenue, maximeque lati pec nullus dolor ; si sine calore corpus est, æqua
toris atque setosi est, cujusque cartilago ex
igua, et carnosa est. Super tabem si mulieri literque in extremis partibus macrum est ; si
venter mollis ; si nulla tussis ; nulla sitis ; si
suppressa quoque menstrua fuerunt, et circa
pectus atque scapulas dolor mausit, subitoque lingua, ne per somnum quidem, inarescit ; si
sanguis erupit, levari morbus solet : nam et cibi cupiditas est ; si venter medicamentis
tussis minuitur, et sitis atque febricnla de movetur; si per se excernit mollia et figurata ;
sinunt. Sed iisdem fere, nisi redit sanguis, si extenuatur ; si urina, et vini mutatione, et
86 A. CORN . CELSI
et aliquibus medicamentis epotis ; si corpus est sine lassitudine ,
and by some medicines being drunk ; if the body is without lassitude,
et facile sustinet morbum : siquidem is, in quo omnia hæc
and easily endures the disease : since he, in whom all these things
sunt, est ex toto tutus : is, in quo plura ex his sunt, est in
are, is entirely safe : he, in whom many of them are, is in
bonâ spe. Vero vitia articulorum, ut podagræ que chiragræ , si
good hope. But diseases of the joints, as foot-gouts and hand-gouts, if
tentarunt juvenes , neque induxerunt callum , possunt
they have attacked young persons, nor have they brought on callus, may
solvi : que leniuntur maxime torminibus, et quocunque modo
be resolved : and are soothed most by dysenteries , and by whatsoever means
venter fluit. Item comitialis morbus epilepsia ortus
the belly relaxes. Likewise the comitial disease falling sickness ) (that has) arisen
ante pubertatem, finitur non ægre : et in quo
before puberty, is terminated not difficultly (easily) : and in whom
sensus accessionis venie ntis incip it ab unâ parte
a feeling ofthe accession approaching begins from a single part
corporis, est optimum initium fieri a
ofthe body, it is best that the beginning be made (take place) from
manibus ve pedibus ; deinde a later ibus ; pess imum inter
the hands or feet ; next from the sides ; the worst among
hæc a capite. Atque in his quoque ea, quæ
these from the head. And in these also those things, which
excernuntur per dejectiones, prosunt maxime. Autem dejectio
are voided by stools, benefit most. But the purging
ipsa quæ est sine febre, est sine ullâ noxâ, si
itself which is without fever, is without any injury, if
celeriter desinit ; ventre contrectato, nullus motus ejûs
it quickly ceases ; if, on the belly being handled, no motion of it
sentitur ; si spiritus sequitur extremam alvum .
is felt ; if air (wind) follows the last (of the) stool (the ofthe
Ac quidem tormina sunt ne periculosa, si
evacuation). And even gripes (dysenteries) are not dangerous, if
sanguis et strigmenta olei sordes descendunt,
blood and strigments like leys of oil)
(rik descend (are discharged),
dum febris que ceteræ accessiones hujûs
provided fever and the other appendages (concomitants) of this
morbi absint: adeo ut etiam gravida mulier possit non solum
disease be absent : 80 that even apregnant woman may not only
reservari, sed etiam reservare partum . Que prodest
be saved, but also preserve (retain) her fœtus. And it is ofadvantage

epotis aliquibus medicamentis mutatur ; si busve initium fieri ; deinde, a lateribus ; pes
corpus sine lassitudine est, et morbum facile simum inter hæc, a capite. Atque in his quo
sustinet : siquidem in quo omnia hæc sunt, que ea maxime prosunt, quæ per dejectiones
is ex toto tutus est ; in quo plura ex his sunt, excernuntur. Ipsa autem dejectio sine ulla
is in bona spe est. Articulorum vero vitia, ut noxa est, quæ sine febre est ; si celeriter
podagræ chiragræque, si juvenes tentarunt, desinit ; si contrectato ventre nullus motus
neque callum induxerunt, solvi possunt : ejus sentitur ; si extremam alvum spiritus
maximeque torminibus leniuntur, et quocun sequitur. Ac ne tormina quidem periculosa
que modo venter fluit. Item morbus comitialis, sunt, si sanguis et strigmenta descendunt,
ante pubertatem ortus, non ægre finitur : et in dum
quo ab una parte corporis venientis accessionis absintfebris
: adeoceteræque
ut etiamaccessiones hujusnon
gravida mulier, morbi
so
sensus incipit, optimum est a manibus pedi lum reservari possit, sed etiam partum re
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 87
in hoc morbo, si aliquis Jam processit ætate. Contra
in this disease, if a person already has advanced in age. On the contrary
lævitas intestinorum depellitur facilius a teneris
a slipperiness of the guts (lientery) is driven off more easily by the tender
ætatibus ; utique si urina incipit ferri, et corpus
ages ; especially if the urine begins to be voided, and the body
ali cibo. Eadem ætas prodest in dolore et
to be nourished by food. The same age is advantageous in pain both
coxæ, et hum ero rum , et in omni resolutione
ofthe hip, and ofthe arms, and in every (kind of) resolution
nervorum. Ex quibus coxa si est sine torpore,
ofthe tendons (palsy). Of which the hip if it is without torpor
si friget levit er ; quamvis habet magnos
(numbness), if it is cold in a slight degree ; although it has severe
dolores, tamen sanatur et facile et mature: que
pains, notwithstanding is cured both easily and quickly: and
resolutum membrum , si alitur, potest nihilo minus
a palsied limb, if it is nourished, may nevertheless
fieri sanum. Resolutio oris etiam fini citâ
become sound (recover). A palsy ofthe mouth also is terminated by a quick
alvo. Que omnis dejectio prodest lippienti. At
belly. And every (kind of) purging benefits a sore eyed person. But
varix ortus, vel subita profusio sanguinis
varix (a varicose tumour) (having) arisen, 01 a sudden profusion of blood
per ora venarum , vel tormina, tollunt
by the mouths ofthe veins (hæmorrhoids), or dysenteries, remove
insaniam. Dolores humerorum qui tendunt ad scapulas
madness. Pains ofthe arms which extend to the scapula (shoulders)
vel manus, solvuntur vomitu atræ-bilis : et quisquis
or hands, are resolved bythe vomiting of atra-bile: and whatever
dolor tendit deorsum est sanabilior. Singultus finitur
pain goes downwards is more curable. Hiccup is terminated
sternutamento. Vomitus supprimit longas dejectiones. Mulier vomens
by sneezing. Vomiting suppresses long purgings. A woman vomiting
sanguinem, liberatur menstruis profusis. Mulier) quæ non
blood, is freed by the menses being poured forth. She who is not
purgatur menstruis, si fudit sanguinem ex naribus, vacat
purged bythe menses, if she has poured blood from the nose, isfreefrom
omni periculo. Quæ laborat locis (sc. hystericis : vπò vσтερíxãν,
all danger. Who suffers from diseases ofthe uterus
Hip. Aph. v. 34.) aut edit partum difficulter, levatur
or putsforth her offspring with difficulty, is relieved

servare. Prodestque in hoc morbo, si jam ortus, vel per

ætate aliquis processit. Contra, intestinorum sanguinis, vel ora venarum
tormina, subita profusio
insaniam tollunt.
lævitas facilius a teneris ætatibus depellitur; Humerorum dolores, qui ad scapulas vel manus
utique, si ferri urina, et ali cibo corpus incipit . tendunt, vomitu atræ bilis solvuntur : et quis
Eadem ætas prodest et in coxæ dolore, et hu quis dolor deorsum tendit, sanabilior est.
merorum, et in omni resolutione nervorum. Singultus sternutamento finitur. Longas de
Ex quibus coxa, si sine torpore est, si leviter jectiones supprimit vomitus. Mulier sangui
friget; quamvis magnos dolores habet, tamen nem vomens, profusis menstruis, liberatur.
et facile et mature sanatur : resolutumque Quanaribus
ex menstruis
fudit,nonomni
purgatur,
periculosivacat.
sanguinem
Quæ
membrum, si nihilo minus alitur, fieri sanum
potest. Oris resolutio etiam alvo cita finitur. locis laborat, aut difficulter partum edit,
Omnisque dejectio lippienti prodest. At varix sternutamento levatur. Estiva quartana fere
 88 A. CORN. CELSI
sternutamento. Estiva quartana (sc. febris) est fere brevis . Ei cui
by sneezing. A summer quartan is generally short. To him who
est calor et tremor delirium est (pro affert) saluti. Tormina
has heat and tremour delirium brings safety. Dysenteries
sunt bono lienosis. Denique, febris ipsa, quod potest
bring good (relief) to splenetics. Lastly, fever itself, which may
videri maxime mirum, sæpe est præsidio. Nam et finit
seem very wonderful, often brings protection. For it both terminates
dólores præcordiorum , si sunt sine inflammatione ; et succurrit
pains ofthe præcordia, if they are without inflammation ; and relieves
dolori jocinoris ; et ex toto tollit distentionem et rigorem
pain ofthe liver; and entirely removes distention and stiffness
nervorum si cœpit postea ; et
ofthe tendons (convulsions and tetanus) if ithasbegun afterwards ; and
levat morbum tenuioris intestini ortum ex difficultate
relieves disease ofthe smaller intestine (that has) arisen from difficulty
urinæ, si movet urinam per calorem . At dolores
ofurine, if(provided) it excites the urine by the heat. But pains
capitis, quibus accedunt caligo oculorum , et rubor
ofthe head, to which are added dimness ofthe eyes, and redness
cum quâdam prurigine frontis, submoventur profusione
with some itching ofthe forehead, are removed by aflow
sanguinis vel fortuitâ vel etiam petitâ. Si
ofblood either accidental or even sought (excited by art). If
dolores capitis ac frontis sunt ex vento,
pains ofthe head and forehead are (arise) from (exposure to) the wind,
vel frigore, aut æstu, finiuntur gravedine et
or cold, or heat, they are ended - by a stuffing of the head and
sternutamentis. Autem subitus horror exsolvit ardentem febrem,
by sneezings. But sudden shivering resolves an ardent fever,
quam Græci vocant καυσώδη. Si aures sunt obtusæ in
which the Greeks call causode. If the ears are obtuse *in
febre, si sanguis fluxit e naribus, aut venter resolutus est,
fever, if blood hasflowed from the nostrils, or the belly has been relaxed,
illud malum desinit ex toto. Nihil potest plus adversus
that disorder ceases altogether. Nothing can (avails) more against
surditatem quam biliosa alvus. Quibus minuti abscessus, quos
deafness than a bilious belly (stool). To whom small abscesses, which
Græci vocant φύματα, cæperunt esse in fistulâ urinæ,
the Greeks call phumata, have begun to be in the pipe ofthe urine (urethra),
sanitas redditur iis, ubi pus profluxit eâ parte,
health is restored to them, when pus hasflowed forth from that part,

brevis est. Cui calor et tremor est, saluti fortuita, vel etiam petita, submoventur. Si
delirium est. Lienosis bono tormina sunt. capitis ac frontis dolores ex vento, vel frigore,
Deniqu e ipsasæpe
videri potest, febris,
præsidi maxime
quodo est. Nam etmirum
præ aut æstu sunt,
finiuntur. gravedine
Febrem sternutamentis
autem etardentem, quam
cordiorum dolores, si sine inflammatione sunt, Græci kavalon vocant, subitus horror exsolvit.
finit; etjocinoris dolori succurrit ; et nervorum Si in febre aures obtusæ sunt, si sanguis e
distentionem rigoremque, si postea cœpit, ex naribus fluxit, aut venter resolutus est, illud
toto tollit ; et ex difficul urinæ morbum
tenuioris intestini ortum, tate
si urinam per ca
malum desinit ex toto. Nihil plus adversus
surditatem, quam biliosa alvus potest. Quibus
lorem movet, levat. At dolores capitis, quibus in fistula urinæ minuti abscessus, quos pépara
oculorum caligo, et rubor cum quadam frontis Græci vocant, esse cœperunt, iis, ubi pus ea
prurigine accedunt, sanguinis profusione, vel parte profluxit, sanitas redditur. Ex quibus
 MEDICINE LIB. II.
Cum pleraque ex quibus (sc. signis bonis) proveniant per
Since most of which happen by
se, licet scire, naturam posse plurimum
themselves (spontaneously), be it known, that nature avails much
inter ea quoque, quæ ars adhibet.
amongst those things also , which art administers.
Contra si caput dolet continenti febre, neque reddit
On the contrary if the head is painful in continual fever, nor does it yield
malum est atque mortiferum ; què
quidquam (remittit,remit, the disorder is equally deadly ; and
any thing
id periculum est pueris maxime a septimo anno ad
that danger is (threatens) children most ofall from the seventh year to
quartumdecimum. In morbo pulmonis, si non fuit sputum
thefourteenth. In disease ofthe lungs, if there has not been spitting
primis diebus, deinde cæpit a septimo, et mansit
in thefirst days, then it has begun from the seventh, and has remained
ultra septimum, est periculosum ; que quanto
beyond the seventh (the second seventh), it is dangerous; and byhow much
habet colores magis mixtos, neque diducto inter se ;
ithas the colours more mixed, nor divided amongst themselves (distinct) ;
tanto deterius. Et tamen nihil est pejus quam
by so much the worse. And still nothing is worse than
id (sc. sputum) edi sincerum ; sive est rufum, sive
that it be sentforth pure (unmixed) ; whether it is reddish, or
cruentum , sive album, sive glutinosum , sive pallidum, sive
bloody, or white, or glutinous, or pale, or
spumans : tamen nigrum est pessimum. Tussis, destillatio, sunt
frothing: however black is the worst. Cough, catarrh, are
periculosa in eodem morbo ; etiam sternutamentum , quod
dangerous in the same disease ; also sneezing, which
alias habetur salutare ; que, si subita dejectio secuta est
otherwise is considered salutary; and, if a sudden purging havefollowed
hæc, est periculosissimum. Vero signa quæ consuerunt
these things, it is most dangerous. But the signs which have been accustomed
esse et mitiora et asperiora in pulmonis
to be both milder and severer in (pains) ofthelungs (peripneumonies)
sunt fere eadem in doloribus lateris.
are mostly thesame (oflike import) in pains oftheside (pleurisies).
Si cruentum pus exit ex jocinore, est mortiferum.
If bloody pus goes out from the liver, it is mortal.
At ex suppurationibus eæ sunt pessimæ, quæ tendunt
But of suppurations those are the worst, which tend

cum pleraque per se proveniant, scire licet, | sincerum id edi ; sive rufum est, sive cruentum ,
inter ea quoque, quæ ars adhibet, naturam sive album, sive glutinosum, sive pallidum,
plurimum
Contra, siposse.
caput febre continenti dolet, ne sive spumans : nigrum tamen pessimum est.
In eodem morbo periculosa sunt, tussis, des
que quidquam reddit, malum atque mortiferum tillatio ; etiam, quod alias salutare habetur,
est ; maximeque id periculum est pueris, a sternutamentum : periculosissimumque est, si
septimo anno ad quartumdecimum. In pul hæc secuta subita dejectio est. Fere vero quæ
monis morbo, si sputum primis diebus non fuit, in pulmonis, eadem in lateris doloribus, et
deinde a septimo die cœpit, et ultra septimum mitiora signa, et asperiora esse consuerunt.
mansit, periculosum est ; quantoque magis Ex jocinore si pus cruentum exit, mortiferum
mixtos, neque inter se diductos colores habet, est. At ex suppurationibus eæ pessimæ sunt,
tanto deterius. Ettamen nihil pejus est, quam quæ intus tendunt, sic ut exteriorem quoque
90 A. CORN. CELSI
intus sic ut quoque decolorent exteriorem cutem ; deinde
inwardly 80 that they likewise discolour the outward skin ; next
ex iis quæ prorumpunt in exteriorem partem, quæ
of those which break forth towards the outer part, those which
sunt maximæ que quæ planissimæ. Quod si febris ne
are largest and which (are) flattest. But if thefever has not
quievit vomicâ quidem ruptâ, vel pure emisso
subsided on the vomica even being broken, or the pus being evacuated
extrinsecus, aut quamvis quieverit tamen repetit ; item
outwardly, or although it should subside nevertheless returns; likewise
si est sitis, si fastidium cibi, si venter est
if there is thirst, if ( theries) loathing offood, if the belly is :)
liquidus, si pus est lividum et pallidum ; si æger exscreat
liquid, if the pus is livid and pale; if thepatient expectorates
nihil nisi spumantem pituitam, est certum periculum .
nothing unless (only) frothing phlegm, there is certain danger.
Atque quidem senes fere moriuntur ex iis suppurationibus
And indeed old men mostly die of those suppurations
quas morbi pulmonum concitarunt : juniores ex ceteris.
which diseases ofthe lungs have excited: the younger persons of the others.
At in tabe mixtum purulentum sputum , assidua febris,
But in consumption a mired purulent spitting, incessant fever,
quæ et eripit tempora cibi et affligit siti,
which both takes away the times offood (the appetite) and afflicts by thirst,
in tenui corpore, testantur periculum subesse. Si quis
in a slender body, · testify that danger exists. If a person
etiam traxit diutius in eo morbo, ubi capilli fluunt ;
even has lasted longer in that disease, when the hair(s) fall off;
ubi urina ostendit quædam subsidentia similia araneis ; atque
when the urine shews some things subsiding similar to cobwebs ; and
est fœdus odor in his ; que maxime ubi dejectio
there is afoul smell in these ; and especially when purging
orta est post hæc, moritur protinus : utique si est
has arisen after these things, he dies immediately : especially if it is
tempus autumni, quo fere qui traxerunt ceterâ
the time of autumn, in which commonly (they) who have lived the other
parte anni resolvuntur. Item exspuisse pus in hoc
part ofthe year are carried off. Also to have spit up pus in this
morbo, deinde desiisse ex toto spuere, est mortiferum .
disease, then to have ceased altogether to spit, is deadly.
Vomicæ ve fistulæ etiam solent oriri in adolescentibus
Vomicæ or fistulæ also are accustomed to arise in young persons

cutem decolorent : ex iis deinde, quæ in exte- | purulentum, febris assidua, quæ et cibi tem
riorem partem prorumpunt,
quæque planissimæ sunt. Quodquæsi, maximæ,
ne rupta pora eripit,subesse
periculum et sititestantur.
affligit, inSi corpore tenui
quis etiam in
quidem vomica, vel pure extrinsecus emisso, eo morbo diutius traxit, ubi capilli fluunt ;
febris quievit, aut quamvis quieverit, tamen ubi urina quædam araneis similia subsidentia
repetit; item si sitis est, si cibi fastidium, si ostendit, atque in his odor foedus est ; maxime
venter liquidus, si pus est lividum et palli- que ubi post hæc orta dejectio est, protinus
dum ; si nihil æger exscreat, nisi pituitam spu- moritur : utique, si tempus autumni est, quo
mantem, pericnlum certum est. Atque ex iis fere, qui cetera parte anni traxerunt, resolvun
quidem suppurationibus,
morbi concitarunt, quasmoriuntur
fere senes pulmonum tur.totoItem
; ex ex pus desiisse,
spuere exspuissemortiferum
in hoc morbo,
est. deinde
Solent
ceteris juniores. At in tabe sputum mixtum etiam in adolescentibus ex eo morbo vomica
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 91
ex eo morbo ; quæ non facile sanescunt nisi si multa
from that disease ; which do not easily get well unless when many
signa bonæ valetudinis subsecuta sunt. Vero ex reliquis, virgines
signs ofgood health have followed. But of the rest, virgins
sanantur minime facile, aut eæ mulieres quibus super tabem
are cured least easily, or those women to whom upon consumption
menstrua suppressa sunt. Vero ei pereu ndum (est) intra septimum
the menses have been suppressed. But he must perish within the seventh
diem , cui sano subitus dolor capitis ortus est, dein
day, to whom (when) healthy a sudden pain ofthe head has arisen, afterwards
somnus oppressit, sic ut stertat, neque expergiscatur ; magis,
sleep has oppressed, so that he snore, nor does he awake ; the more,
cum cita alvus non antecesserit, si palpebræ dormientis
when a quick belly has not preceded, if the eyelids of(him) sleeping
non coëunt, sed album oculorum apparet. Quos tamen
does not unite (close), but the white ofthe eyes appears. Whom however
mors ita sequitur, si id malum non discussum est febre.
death thus follows, if that disorder has not been shaken off byfever.
aqua inter cutem, si cœpit ex acuto morbo, raro perducitur
But dropsy, if it began from an acute disease, seldom is brought
ad sanitatem : utique si contraria iis quæ posita sunt
to health (cured): especially if the opposites to those which have been laid down
supra subsequuntur. Tussis quoque æque tollit spem in ea
above follow. Cough also in like manner takes away hope in it:
(sc. aquâ inter, &c. ): item si sanguis erupit sursum que deorsum ,
likewise if blood has broken out upwards and downwards,
et aqua implevit medium corpus. Quibusdam etiam
and water has filled (occupied) the middle (ofthe) body. To some also
in hoc morbo tumores oriuntur, deinde desinunt, deinde rursus
in this disease tumours arise, afterwards cease (subside), then again
assurgunt. Hi quidem sunt tutiores quam qui
rise up. They indeed are safer than (those) who
comprehensi sunt supra, si attendunt ; sed fere opprimuntur
have been mentioned above, if theytake care ; but generally they are carriedoff
fiduciâ secundæ valetudinis. Aliquis jure mirabitur illud,
bytheir confidence ofgood health. Aperson justly will wonder at this,
quomodo quædam simul et affligant nostra corpora et aliquâ parte
how certain things at the same time both afflict our bodies and in some degree
tueantur. Nam, sive aqua inter cutem implevit quem, sive
preserve them. For, whether water within the skin hasfilled any one, 07
multum puris coiit in magno abscessu, effudisse
much (a great deal) ofpus has collected in a large abscess, to have evacuated

fistulæve oriri ; quæ non facile sanescunt, nisi raro perducitur : utique si contraria iis, quæ
si multa
sunt. signa bona
Ex reliquis valetudinis
vero minime facilesubsecuta
sanantur supra posita sunt, subsequuntur. que in ea
quoque tussis spem tollit : item, si sanguis
virgines, aut eæ mulieres, sursum deorsumque erupit, et aqua medium
menstrua suppressa sunt. quibus super
Cui vero tabem
sano su corpus implevit." Quibusdam etiam in hoc
bitus dolor capitis ortus est, dein somnus op morbo tumoresassurgunt.
deinde rursus oriuntur, Hideinde
tutioresdesinunt,
quidem
pressit, sic ut stertat, neque expergiscatur,
intra septimum diem pereundum est ; magis, sunt, quam qui supra comprehensi sunt, si at
cum alvus cita non antecesserit, si palpebræ tendunt ; sed fere fiducia secundæ valetudinis
dormientis non coëunt, sed album oculorum opprimuntur. Illud jure aliquis mirabitur,
apparet. Quos tamen ita mors sequitur, si id quomodo quædam simul et affligant nostra
malum non est febre discussum. At aqua inter corpora, et parte aliqua tueantur. Nam, sive
cutem, si ex acuto morbo cœpit, ad sanitatem aquainter cutem quem implevit, sive in magno
92 A. CORN. CELSI
id omne simul est mortiferum, æque ac si quis
that all(the whole ofit) at once is fatal, the same as if any one
sani corporis factus est exsanguis vulnere. Vero cui articuli
ofa sound body was rendered bloodless by a wound. But to whom thejoints
dolent, sic ut quædam tubercula ex callo innata sint super
are painful, so that some tubercles from callus have grown upon
eos (sc. articuli), nunquam liberantur : que quæ vitia eorum
them , they never are freed : and whatever disorders ofthem
(sc. articulorum) vel cœperunt in senectute, vel pervenerunt
either have begun in old age, or have arrived (continued)
ab adolescentiâ in senectutem , ut aliquando possunt leniri,
from youth to old age, as (though) sometimes they may be soothed,
sic nunquam finiuntur ex toto. Quoque comitialis morbus
(so) yet they never are terminated entirely. Also epilepsy
ortus post quintum et vicesimum annum curatur ægre ;
(that has)arisen after thefive and twentieth year is cured difficultly;
que multo ægrius is (sc. morbus) qui cœpit post
and much more difficultly that which has begun after
quadrigesimum annum ; adeo ut in eâ ætate sit aliquid
the fortieth year ; 80 that at that age there may be something
spei in naturâ, vix quidquam in medicinâ. In eodem
ofhope in (from) nature, scarcely any thing in medicine. In the same
morbo, si totum corpus simul afficitur,.. neque ante est
disease, if the entire body is at once affected, nor before is there
aliquis sensus mali venientis in partibus, sed homo ex improviso
any sense ofthe fit coming on in parts, but the person suddenly
concidit, is, cujuscunque ætatis est, vix sanescit : vero
falls down, that person, of whatever age he is, scarcely gets well : but
si aut mens læsa est, aut resolutio nervorum
if either the mind (intellects) has been injured, or palsy
facta, est non locus medicinæ. Quoque si
established (comeon), there is not (no) place for medicine. Also if
febris accessit dejectionibus ; si inflammatio jocinoris, aut
fever has been added topurgings; if inflammation ofthe liver, Of
præcordiorum , aut ventris; si immodica sitis ; si longius tempus ;
ofthepræcordia, or ofthe belly ; if immoderate thirst; if a long time
si varia alvus (sc. accessit dejectionibus), si est cum
(continuance); if variously coloured stools, if it is with
dolore, subest periculum etiam mortis ; que maxime si inter hæc
pain , there is danger also of death ; and especially if during these
tormina cœperunt esse vetera. Que is morbus
the gripes (dysentery) have begun to be old (to inveterate). And that disease

abscessu multum puris coiit, simul id omne aliquid in natura spei, vix quidquam in me
effudisse, æque mortiferum est, ac si quis sani dicína sit. In eodem morbo, si simul totum
corporis vulnere factus exsanguis est. Articuli corpus afficitur, neque ante in partibus aliquis
vero cui sic dolent, ut super eos ex callo quædam venientis mali sensus est, sed homo ex impro
tubercula innata sint, nunquam liberantur : viso concidit, cujuscunque is ætatis est, vix
quæque eorum vitia vel in senectute cœperunt, sanescit : si vero aut mens læsalocus
est, aut
vel in senectutem ab adolescentia pervenerunt, vorum facta resolutio, medicinæ non ner
est.
ut aliquando leniri possunt, sic nunquam ex Dejectionibus quoque si febris accessit ; si in
toto finiuntur. Morbus quoque comitialis post flammatiojocinoris, aut præcordiorum, aut ven
annum quintum et vicesimum ortus ægre cu tris ; si immodica sitis ; si longius tempus; si
ratur; multoque ægrius is, qui post quadrage alvus varia; si cum dolore est,etiam mortis peri
simum annum cœpit ; adeo ut in ea ætate culum subest: maximeque, si interhæc tormina
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 93
maxime absumit pueros, usque ad decimum annum : ceteræ ætates
mostly takes off boys, up to the tenth year; the other ages
facilius sustinent. Gravida mulier quoque potest rapi
more easily endure it. A pregnant woman also may be carried off
casu ejusmodi ; atque etiamsi ipsa convaluit, tamen
by a mishap ofthis sort ; and although she herself has recovered, notwithstanding
perdit partum . Quin etiam tormina orsa ab atrâ-bile
she loses her offspring. Moreover dysenteries that have arisen from atra-bile
sunt mortifera ; aut si sub his, corpore jam externuato,
are fatal; or if during these, the body being already extenuated (reduced) ,
nigra alvus profluxit subito. At lævitas intestinorum est periculosior
a black stool hasflowedforth suddenly. But lientery is more dangerous
si dejectio est frequens ; si venter profluit omnibus horis
if the purging is frequent; if the belly flows (is purged) at all hours
et cum sono et sine hoc ; si similiter
both with a sound (rumbling) and without it; if in like manner
fit noctu et interdiu ; si quod excernitur est aut crudum
(itit continues/ night and day ; if what is excreted is either crude
aut nigrum, et, præter id, etiam læve, et mali odoris ; si
or black, and, besides that, also smooth, and ofa bad smell ; if
sitis urget ; si urina non redditur post potionem, quod
thirst urges ; if the urine is not voided after drink(ing), which
evenit, quia tunc omnis liquor descendit, non in vesicam ,
happens, because then all the fluid descends, not into the bladder,
sed in intestina ; si OS exulceratur, facies rubet, et
but into the intestines ; if the mouth is ulcerated, the face becomes red, and
distinguitur quasi quibusdam maculis omnium colorum ; si
is distinguished (marked) as if with some spots ofall colours ; if
venter est quasi fermentatus, pinguis et rugosus ;
the belly is as it were fermented (puffed up), fat and wrinkled ;
et si est non cupiditas cibi. Cum inter hæc mors est
and if there is not a desire forfood. Whereas amongst these death is
evidens, est multo evidentior, si id vitium est quoque longum ;
evident, it is much more evident, if that disease is also (of)long (standing) ;
maxime etiam si est in senili corpore. Vero si morbus est
especially also if it is in an old body. But if the disease is
in tenuiore intestino, vomitus, singultus, distentio nervorum , delirium ,
in the smaller intestine, vomiting, hiccup , convulsions, delirium,
sunt mala. At in arquato morbo jecur fieri
are bad. But in the arched disease (jaundice) that the liver should become
durum, est perniciosissimum. Quos lienis habet male,
hard (indurated), i8 most pernicious. Whom the spleen affects badly,

veteraesse cœperunt. Isque morbus maxime pue si post potionem urina non redditur, quod eve
ros absumit usque ad annum decimum : ceteræ nit, quia tunc liquor omnis non in vesicam,
ætates facilius sustinent. Mulier quoque gravi sed in intestina descendit ; si os exulceratur,
da ejusmodi casu rapi potest; atque etiamsi ipsa rubet facies, et quasi maculis quibusdam colo
convaluit, partum tamen perdit. Quin etiam rum omnium distinguitur; si venter est quasi
tormina ab atra bile orsa mortifera sunt ; aut fermentatus, pinguis atque rugosus ; si et cibi
si sub his. extenuato jam corpore, subito nigra cupiditas nou est. Inter quæ cum evidens mors
aivus profluxit.
riculosior At intestinorum
est, si frequens dejectio estlævitas pe
; si venter sit, multo evidentior est, si jam longum quo
que id vitium est ; maxime etiam, si in corpore
omnibus horis et cum sono, et sine hoc profluit ; senili est. Si vero in tenuiore intestino morbus
si similiter noctu et interdiu ; si, quod excer est, vomitus,
nitur, aut crudum est, aut nigrum, et, præter delirium, malasingultus,
sunt. At nervorum
in morbo distentio,
arquato,
id, etiam læve, et mali odoris ; si sitis urget ; durum fieri jecur, perniciosissimum est. Quos
94 A. CORN. CELSI
si tormina prehenderunt, deinde versa sunt vel in
if dysenteries have seized them, then have been turned (converted) either into
aquam inter cutem, vel in lævitatem intestinorum, vix ulla
water within the skin (dropsy), or into lientery, scarcely any
medicina subtrahit periculo. Morbus tenuioris intestini,
medicine withdraws from the danger. Disease ofthe small intestine,
nisi resolutus est, occidit intra septimum diem. Mulier ex
unless it has been resolved, kills within the seventh day. A woman after
partu, si cum febre etiam premitur vehementibus
bringingforth (a puerperal), if with fever she also is oppressed with violent
et assiduis doloribus capitis, est in periculo mortis. Si est
and constant pains ofthe head, is in danger ofdeath. If there is
dolor atque inflammat io in iis partibus quibus viscera continent ur ,
pain and inflammation in those parts in which the viscera are contained,
spirare frequenter est malum signum. Si dolor capitis est
to breathe frequently is a bad sign. If pain ofthe head is
longus sine causâ, et transit in cervices et scapulas,
long (continued) without a cause , and passes into the neck and scapulæ ,
que rursus revertitur in caput, aut pervenit ad cervices et
and again returns into the head, or comes to the neck and
scapulas a capite, est perniciosus : nisi excitavit aliquam
shoulders from the head, it is pernicious : unless it has excited some
vomicam, sic ut pus extussiretur ; aut nisi sanguis
vomica, 80 that the pus might be coughed out; or unless blood
prorupit ex aliquâ parte ; aut nisi multa porrigo orta est
has brokenforth from some part; or unless a copious scurf (has has arisen.
in capite, ve pustulæ ortæ sunt toto corpore. Malum
on thehead, or pustules have arisen all over the body. The evil (danger)
est æque magnum , ubi torpor atque prurigo pervagantur,
is equally great, when torpor and itching wander about ,
modo per totum caput, modo in parte ; aut est
sometimes over the whole head, sometimes in a part ; or there is
sensus ibi quasi alicujus frigoris, que ea perveniunt quoque
a sensation there as if of some cold, and they come also
ad summam linguam. Et cum in iisdem (sc. casibus) sit
to the tip (ofthe) tongue. And though in the same there is
auxilium abscessibus , tamen sanitas est eo difficilior quo illi
assistance from the abscesses, yet health is the more difficult as they
minus sæpe subsequuntur sub his malis. Vero in doloribus
less frequently follow after from these diseases. But in pains
coxæ, si est vehemens torpor, que crus et coxa
ofthe hip, if there is violent numbness, and the leg and hip

lienis male habet, si tormina prehenderunt, vices scapulasque pervenit, perniciosus est :
deinde versa sunt vel in aquam inter cutem, nisi vomicam aliquam excitavit, sic ut pus
vel in intestinorum lævitatem, vix ulla medi extussiretur ; aut nisi sanguis ex aliqua parte
cina periculo subtrahit. Morbus intestini te prorupit ; aut nisi in capite multa porrigo,
nuioris nisi resolutus est, intra septimum diem totove corpore pustula ortæ sunt. Eque mag
occidit. Mulier ex partu, si cum febre vehe num malum est, ubi torpor atque prurigo per
mentibus etiam et assiduis capitis doloribus vagantur, modo per totum caput, modo in
premitur, in periculo mortis est. Si dolor parte ; aut sensus alicujus ibi quasi frigoris
atque inflammatio est in iis partibus, quibus est ; eaque ad summam quoque linguam perve
viscera continentur, frequenter spirare,signum niunt. Et cum in iisdem abscessibus auxilium
malum est. Si sine causa longus dolor capitis sit, eo tamen difficilior sanitas est, quo minus
est, et in cervices ac scapulas transit, rursus sæpe sub his malis illi subsequuntur. In coxæ
que in eaput revertitur, aut a capite ad cer vero doloribus, si vehemens torpor est, frige.
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 95

frigescit ; alvus, nisi coacta, non reddit, que id quod

become cold ; the belly, unless forced, does not void, and that which
excernitur est mucosum ; que ætas ejûs hominis jam excessit
is excreted is mucous ; and the age ofthat person already has exceeded
quadragesimum annum ; is morbus erit longissimus, que minimum annuus ;
thefortieth year ; that disease will be very long, and at the least a yearly
neque poterit finiri, nisi aut vere
(for a year); nor will it (be able) (to) be terminated, except either in spring
aut autumno. Curatio est æque difficilis, in eâdem ætate, ubi
or autumn. The cure is equally difficult, in the same uge, when
dolor humerorum vel pervenit ad manus vel tendit ad
pain ofthe arms either comes to the hands or goes to
scapulas, que creat torporem et dolorem, neque levatur vomitu
the shoulders, and causes numbness and pain, nor is it relieved by vomiting
bilis. Vero quâcunque parte corporis aliquod membrum
ofbile. But in whatever part of the body any (a) limb
resolutum est, si neque movetur et
has been palsied, if neither is it moved (has lost the power ofmotion) and
emacrescit, non revertitur in pristinum habitum ; que eo minus
it wastes, it does not return to its former habit; and the less
quo vetustius id vitium est, et quo magis est in senili corpore.
the older that disease is, and the more it is in an old body.
Que omni resolutioni nervorum , hiems et autumnus sunt non
And for every resolution of the tendons, winter and autumn are not
idonea tempora ad medicinam : aliquid potest sperari vere
proper times for medicine : something may be hoped (for) in spring
et æstate. Que is morbus mediocris vix sanatur,
and summer. And that disease (when) slight scarcely is cured,
vehemens potest non sanari. Etiam omnis dolor qui procedit
when violent it cannot be cured. Also every pain which proceeds
sursum minus patet medicinæ. Si mammæ subito
upwards is less open to medicine. If the breasts suddenly
emacuerunt gravidæ mulieri est periculum abortûs.
have emaciated (shrunk) in a pregnant woman there is danger ofabortion.
Quæ neque peperit, neque est gravida, si habet lac,
Who neither has borne, nor is pregnant, if she has milk,
defecta est a menstruis. Autumnalis
she has been deserted by her menses (the menses are suppressed). An autumnal
quartana est fere longa; que maxime quæ cœpit hieme
quartan is mostly long ; and especially that which has begun the winter
appropinquante. Si sanguis profluxit, deinde dementia secuta est cum
approaching. If blood has flowed, then madness hasfollowed with

scitque crus et coxa ; alvus nisi coacta non bitum non revertitur ; eoque minus, quo vetus
reddit, idque quod excernitur, mucosum est ; quo magis in corpore
tius id vitium est, etresolutioni
jamque ætas ejus hominis quadragesimum an senili est. Omnique nervorum ad
num excessit ; is morbus erit longissimus, medicinam non idonea tempora sunt hiems et
minimumque annuus ; neque finiri poterit, autumnus: aliquid sperari potest vere et æstate.
nisi aut vere, aut autumno. Difficilis æque sanatur, vehemens
Isque morbus mediocris vix etiam
curatio est, in eadem ætate, ubi humerorum sanari non potest. Omnis dolor minus
dolor vel ad manus pervenit, vel ad scapulas medicinæ patet, qui sursum procedit. Mulieri
tendit, torporemque et dolor m creat, neque gravida si subito mamma emacuerunt, abortus
Quæ neque neque gra
peperit, defecta
bilis vomitu levatur. Quacunque vero parte
corporis membrum aliquod resolutum est, si vida est, siest.
periculum lac habet, a menstruis est.
neque movetur, et emacrescit, in pristinum ha Quartana autumnalis fere longa est ; maxime
96 A. CORN . CELSI
distentione nervorum, est periculum mortis ; que item si distentio
convulsions, there is danger of death ; and also if convul
nervorum oppressit purgatum medicamentis, et adhuc inanem ;
sions have seized a (person) purged by medicines, and as yet empty ;
aut si extremæ partes frigent in magno dolore. Neque
or if the extreme parts (extremities) grow cold in great pain . Nor
is redit ad vitam qui detractus est, spumante ore,
does he return to life who has been taken down, with a frothing mouth ,
ex suspendio. Nigra repentina alvus similis atro sanguini,
from hanging. A black sudden stool like to black blood,
sive est cum febre, sive etiam sine hac, est perniciosa.
whether it is with fever, or even without it, is pernicious.

CAP. IX .
CHAP. IX.

Curationes Morborum.
The Cures of Diseases.
Indiciis cognitis quæ vel consolentur nos spe, vel
The signs being understood which either console us with hope, or
terreant metu, transeundum est (sc. mihi) ad curationes morborum.
terrify (us) with fear, I must pass to the cures of diseases.
Ex his quædam sunt communes, quædam propriæ : communes
Of these some are common, some proper: thecommon (are those)
quæ opitulantur pluribus morbis, propriæ quæ singulis.
which relieve several diseases, the proper which (relieve) individual (ones).
Dicam ante de communibus : quædam ex quibus tamen non solum
I shall speak first of the common : some of which however not only
sustinent ægros, sed sanos quoque ; quædam adhibentur tantum
support the sick, but the healthy also ; some are exhibited only
in adversâ valetudine. Vero omne auxilium corporis aut demit
in bad health. But every aid ofthe body either takes away
aliquam materiam , aut adjicit, aut evocat, aut reprimit, aut
some matter, or adds, or callsforth, or represses, or
refrigerat, aut calefacit ; que simul aut durat aut mollit.
cools, 02 heats : and at the same time either hardens or softens.
Quædam adjuvant non uno modo tantum , sed etiam duobus non
Some assist not in one way only, but even in two not

que, quæ cœpit hieme appropinquante. Si san diciis, quæ nos vel spe consolentur, vel metu
terreant,
guis profluxit, deinde secuta est dementia cum ad curationes morborum transeundum
distentione nervorum, periculum mortis est : est. Ex his quædam communes sunt, quædam
itemque, si medicamentis purgatum, et adhuc propriæ : communes, quæ pluribus morbis opi
inanem, nervorum distentio oppressit ; aut si tulantur; propriæ, quæ singulis. Ante de
in magno dolore, extrema partes frigent. communibus dicam: ex quibus tamen quædam
non ægros
Neque is ad vitam redit, qui ex suspendio,
spumante ore, detractus est. Alvus nigra, san quædam insolum, sed sanos
adversa tantumquoque sustinent ;
valetudine ad
guini atro similis, repentina, sive cum febre, hibentur. Omne vero auxilium corporis, aut
sive etiam sine hac est, perniciosa est. demit aliquam materiam, aut adjicit, aut
evocat, aut
lefacit; reprimit,autautdurat,
simulque refrigerat,
aut aut ca
mollit.
CAP. IX.-Morborum Curationes.- COGNITIS in-
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 97
contrariis inter se. Materia demitur
contrary amongst themselves (to each other). The matter is taken away
detractione sanguinis, cucurbitulâ, dejectione, vomitu, frictione,
by abstraction of blood, by the cupping glass, purging, vomiting, friction,
gestatione, que omni exercitatione corporis, abstinentiâ, sudore.
gestation, and every (kind of) exercise of the body, abstinence, sweat.
De quibus dicam protinus.
Of which I shall speak immediately.

CAP. X.
CHAP. X.
Detractio Sanguinis.
Abstraction of Blood.

Sanguinem mitti venâ incisâ, est non novum : sed

That blood is let by a vein being cut, is not new : but
esse pæne nullum morbum , in quo non mittatur,
that there is almost no disease, in which it may not be let,
est novum. Item, mitti junioribus et feminis
is new. Likewise, that (it) is let in younger persons and in women
non gerentibus uterum est vetus: vero experiri idem
not carrying the uterus (pregnant) is old: but to try the same
in pueris, et in senioribus, et quoque in gravidis
in children, and in older persons. and also in pregnant
mulieribus, est non vetus : siquidem antiqui judicabant,
women, is not old : since the ancients judged,
primam que ultimam ætatem posse non sustinere hoc genus
that the first and last age could not bear this kind
auxilii ; que persuaserant sibi, gravidam mulierem,
ofassistance; and had persuaded themselves, that the pregnant woman,
quæ curata esset ita, facturam abortum . Vero
who had been treated 80, would make an abortion (would miscarry). But
postea usus ostendit, nihil in his esse perpetuum ;
afterwards experience shewed, that nothing in these was perpetual ;
que alias observationes esse potius adhibendas ad quas consilium
and that other precautions were rather observed to which the design
curantis debeat dirigi. Enim
(attention) ofthe person curing (physician) ought to be directed. For

Quædaminter
duobus non uno modocontrariis
se non tantum, sed etiam
adjuvant. non gerentibus, vetus est : in pueris vero idem
gravidis quo
Demitur materia, sanguinis detractione, cu
experiri,
que mulieribus, vetus non etestin: siquidem anti
et in senioribus,
curbitula, dejectione, vomitu, frictione, gesta qui, primam ultimamque ætatem sustinere
tione, omnique exercitatione corporis, absti non posse hoc auxilii genus, judicabant ; per
facturam. quæ
esse gravidam,
mulierem ita
nentia, sudore. De quibus protinus dicam. curata esset, sibi,
suaserantque abortum Postea
CAP. X.- Sanguinis Detractio. -Sanguinem, vero usus ostendit, nihil in his esse perpe
incisa vena, mitti novum non est : sed nullum tuum ; aliasque potius observationes adhiben
pæne morbum esse, in quo non mittatur, novum das esse, ad quas dirigi curantis consilium
est. Item, mitti junioribus, et feminis uterum debeat. Interest enim, non quæ ætas sit, ne
F
98 A. CORN . CELSI

interest, non quæ ætas sit, neque quid geratur intus

it is ofimportance, not what the age is, nor what is carried on within
in corpore , sed quæ vires sint. Ergo si juvenis
in the body, but what the strength are. Therefore if a youth
est imbecillus, aut si mulier, quæ est non gravida, parum
is weak, 01 if a woman, who is not pregnant, is not
valet, sanguis mittitur male : enim vis, si qua
strong, blood is let badly: for the strength, if any
supererat emoritur, erepta hoc modo. At firmus
remained dies, (being) carried off by this means. But a strong
puer, et robustus senex, et valens gravida mulier, curatur
boy, and robust old man, and a strong pregnant woman, is treated
tuto. Tamen imperitus medicus potest falli maxime
safely. However an unskilful physician may be deceived very much
in his ; quia fere subest minus roboris illis
in these ; because commonly there is less (of) strength at those
ætatibus ; que prægnanti mulieri est opus viribus quoque
ages ; and apregnant woman has need ofstrength also
post curationem , non tantum ad sustinendum se, sed etiam
after her cure, not only to support herself, but also
ad sustinendum partum. Autem quidquid exigit intentionem
to support her offspring. But whatever requires attention
animi et prudentiam, est non protinus ejiciendum ;
of the mind and prudence, is not immediately to be rejected ;
cum præcipua ars sit in hoc, non quæ numerat
since the principal art is (consists) in this, not what can number
annos, neque videa t conc eptionem solam, sed æstimet
the years, nor can see conception alone, but can estimate
vires, et colligat ex eo, possit id quod sustineat vel
the strength, and collect from that, can that. which can support either
puerum , vel senem , vel duo corpora simul in
a boy, or an old man, Or bodies at the same time in
unâ muliere superesse necne. Interest etiam inter
one woman remain or not. There is a difference also between
valens corpus et obesum ; inter tenue et infirmum :
a strong body and afat one; between a slender and a weak one.
tenuioribus sanguis magis abundat, plenioribus caro magis.
in slender ones the blood rather abounds, in the fuller flesh rather.
Itaque illi facilius sustinent detractionem ejusmodi ; que
Therefore the former more easily bear detraction ofthat sort; and
aliquis affligitur celerius eâ, si est nimium
a person is afflicted (distressed) more speedily by it, if he is too

que
viresquid
sint. inErgo
corpore intus imbecillus
si juvenis geratur, sed
est,quæ
aut intentionem animi et prudentiam exigit, pro
tinus ejiciendum est ; cum præcipua in hoc
si mulier, quæ gravida non est, parum valet, ars sit, quæ non annos numeret, neque con
male sanguis mittitur : emoritur enim
qua supererat, hoc modo erepta. At firmus vis, si ceptionem solam videat, sed vires æstimet, et
ex eo colligat, possit necne superesse, quod vel
puer, et robustus senex, et gravida mulier puerum, vel senem, vel in una muliere duo
valens, tuto curatur. Maxime tamen in his corpora simul sustineat. Interest etiam inter
medicus imperitus falli potest : quia fere mi valens corpus, et obesum ; inter tenue, et in
nus roboris illis ætatibus subest ; mulierique firmum : tenuioribus magis sanguis, pleniori
prægnanti post curationem quoque viribus bus magis caro abundat. Facilius itaque illi
opus est, non tantum ad se, sed etiam ad detractionem ejusmodi sustinent ; celeriusque
partum sustinendum. Non quidquid autem ea, si nimium est pinguis, aliquis affligitur.
 MEDICINE LIB. II, 99
pinguis. Que ideo vis corporis æstimatur melius
fat. And therefore the strength ofthe body is estimated better
ex venis quam ex specie ipsâ.
from the veins than from the appearance itself.
Neque sunt hæc solum consideranda, sed etiam quod
Nor are these things only to be considered, but also what
genus morbi sit : utrum materia superans an deficiens
kind of disease it is: whether the matter abounding 01' deficient
læserit : corpus sit corruptum an integrum .
have injured : whether the body be corrupted (diseased) 01' sound (healthy).
Nam si materia vel deest, vel est integra, istud
For if the matter (humours) either is deficient, or is sound, that
sc. sanguinem mitti est alienum : at si vel copia
blood-letting tti ) is improper: but if either the redundancy
sui habet male, vel est corrupta, succurritur (imperson. )
ofitself makes badly, or it is corrupted, it is relieved
melius nullo modo. Ergo vehemens febris, ubi
better by no (other) method. Therefore a violent fever, when
corpus rubet, que venæ plenæ tument, requirit
the body is red, and the vessels (being)full swell, requires
detractionem sanguinis, item morbi viscerum , que
abstraction ofblood, also diseases of the viscera, and
resolutio nervorum , et rigor, et distentio : quidquid, denique,
palsy, and tetanus, and convulsions: whatever , infine,
strangulat fauces difficultate spiritus; quidquid subito
strangulates the fauces with difficulty ofthe breathing; whatever suddenly
supprimit vocem ; quisquis dolor est intolerabilis ; et de
suppresses the voice ; whatever pain is intolerable ; and from
quâcunque causâ aliquid ruptum est atque collisum intus :
whatever cause any thing has been broken and bruised within
item malus habitus corporis, que omnes acuti morbi,
(internally): likewise a bad habit ofbody, and all acute diseases,
qui, ut dixi supra, modo nocent, non infirmitate, sed
which, as I have said above, only hurt, not by weakness, but
onere. Tamen, potest fieri, ut morbus
oppression (redundancy). However, it may happen, that the disease
quidem desideret id (sc. sanguinem mitti) , autem corpus videatur
indeed may require it, but the body may seem
vix posse pati ; sed si, tamen, nullum aliud
scarcely to be able to bear it: but if, notwithstanding, no other
auxilium appareat, que qui laborat periturus sit, nisi
remedy appear , and (he) who is suffering will perish, unless

Ideoque vis corporis melius ex venis, quam ex | morbi, nervorumque resolutio, et rigor, et
ipsa specie æstimatur. distentio : quidquid denique fauces difficultate
Neque solum hæc consideranda sunt, sed spiritus strangulat ; quidquid subito supprimit
etiam morbi genus quod sit utrum superans, vocem ; quisquis intolerabilis dolor est ; et
andeficiens materia læserit : corruptum corpus
sit, an integrum. Nam si materia vel deest, collisum estde:causa
quacunque ruptum aliquid intus atque
item malus corporis habitus,
vel integra est, istud alienum est : at si vel omnesque acuti morbi, qui modo, ut supra
copia sui male habet, vel corrupta est, nullo dixi, non infirmitate, sed onere nocent. Fieri
modo melius succurritur. Ergo vehemens fe tamen potest, ut morbus quidem id desideret,
bris, ubi rubet corpus, pleneque venæ tument, corpus autem vix pati posse videatur : sed si
sanguinis detractionem requirit : item viscerum nullum tamen appareat aliud auxilium , pe
F2
100 A. CORN. CELSI

adjutus fuerit quoque temerariâ viâ; in hoc statu est

he shall be assisted even by a rash method ; in this state it is
officium boni medici ostendere quam sit
the duty, ofa good physician to shew (point out) how there can be
nulla spes sine detractione sanguinis, que fateri quantus
no hope without abstraction ofblood, and to confess how much
metus sit in hac ipsâ (sc. detractione), et tum
fear (apprehension) there is in this itself, and then
demum, si exigetur, mittere sanguinem. De quo
at length, if he shall be required, to let blood. About which
(sc. sang. mitt.) non oportet dubitare in re ejûsmodi :
it does not behoove to hesitate in a case ofthat sort:
enim est satius experiri anceps auxilium quam nullum.
for it is better to try a doubtful remedy than none.
Que id debet fieri maxime ubi nervi
And that ought to be done especially when the sinews
resoluti sunt; ubi aliquis subito obmutuit ; ubi
have been palsied ; when a person suddenly has become dumb; when
strangulatur anginâ ; ubi accessio prioris febris
he is strangulated by angina : when the accession ofthe former paroxysm
pæne confecit, que est verisimile parem subsequi,
has almost killed, and it is probable that a similar one may follow ,
neque vires ægri videntur posse sustinere eam
nor do the strength ofthe patient seem to be able to bear it.
(sc. accessionem) . Autem cum sanguis sit mittendus minime
But although blood ought to be let by no means
crudo (sc. corpore), tamen id quidem est ne perpetuum ;
in a crude state, yet that even is not perpetual (invariable) ;
enim neque res semper exspectat
for neither does the matter always wait for (admit ofthe delay)
concoctionem. Ergo si aliquis decidit ex superiore parte,
concoction. Therefore if any one has fallen from a higher part
si contusus est, si ex aliquo subito casu
(a height), if he has been bruised, if from any sudden accident
vomit sanguinem ; quamvis paulo ante sumsit cibum ,
he vomits blood ; although a little before he has taken food,
tamen materia est protinus demenda ei, ne, si
still the matter is immediately to be taken from him, lest, if
subsederit, affligat corpus. Que idem erit dictum etiam
it should settle, it distress the body. And the same will be said also
in aliis similibus casibus, qui strangulabunt. At si ratio
in other similar cases, which will strangle. But if the nature

riturusque sit qui laborat, nisi temeraria quo | fecit, paremque subsequi verismile est, neque
que via fuerit adjutus ; in hoc statu boni eam videntur sustinere ægri vires posse. Cum
medici est ostendere, quam nulla spes sit sine sit autem minime crudo sanguis mittendus,
sanguinis detractione, faterique, quantus in tamen ne id quidem perpetuum est : neque
hac ipsa metus sit : et tum demum, si exigetur, enim semper concoctionem res exspectat.
sanguinem mittere. De quo dubitare in ejus Ergo si ex superiore parte aliquis decidit, si
modi re non
auxilium oportet : quam
experiri, satius est enim anceps
nullum. Idque contusus est, si ex aliquo subito casu sangui
nem vomit; quamvis paulo ante sumsit cibum,
maxime fieri debet, ubi nervi resoluti sunt ; ubi tamen protinus ei demenda materia est, ne, si
subito
latur ; aliquis obmutuit
ubi prioris ; ubi
febris anginapæne
accessio strangu subsederit,
con in corpus
aliis casibus affligat.qui Idemque
repentinis, etiam
strangulabunt,
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 101
morbi patiatur, tum, demum, nullâ suspicione cruditatis
ofthe disease should permit ; then, at length, no suspicion of crudity
rémanente, id fiet. Que, ideo, secundus aut tertius
remaining, that will be done. And, therefore, the second or third
dies adversæ valetudinis videtur aptissimus ei rei.
day ofbad health (of the disease) seems the fittest for that thing.
Sed ut aliquando est necesse mittere sanguinem etiam
But as sometimes it is necessary to let blood even
primo die, sic est nunquam utile post quartum diem, cum
on thefirst day, 80 it is never useful after the fourth day, when
spatio ipso materia et jam exhausta est, et
by time itself the matter both now has been exhausted , and
corrupit corpus ; ut detractio possit facere id
has corrupted the body ; 80 that the detraction may make it
imbecillum, possit non facere id integrum . Quod si vehemens
weak, it can not make it sound. But if a vehement
febris urget, mittere sanguinem in ipso impetu ejûs, est
fever oppresses, to let blood in the very impetus of it, is
jugulare hominem. Ergo remissio est exspectanda : si
to kill the person. Therefore a remission is to be waitedfor : if
non decr escit , sed desiit crescere, neque remissio
it does not decrease , but has ceased to increase, nor is a remission
speratur, tum quoque , quamvis pejor, tamen
expected, then also, although worse (less favourable), notwithstanding
sola occasio est non omittenda.
the only opportunity is not to be omitted.
Fere etiam, ista medicina ubi est necessaria, est
Mostly also, that medicine (treatment) when it is necessary, is
dividenda in biduum : enim est satius primum levare ægrum,
to be divided into two days : for it is better atfirst tolighten the patient,
deinde perpurgare, quam fortasse præcipitare omni
then to thoroughly cleanse (him), than perhaps to endanger (him) by all (his)
vi effusâ simul. Quod si respondet ita in pure
strength being dissipated at once. But if it answers so in pus (suppuration)
que quoque aquâ quæ est inter cutem, quanto magis
and also in the water which is between the skin, by how much more
est necesse ut respondeat in sanguine (sc. mittendo) ? Vero is
is it necessary it answer in bloood? But it
debet mitti, si fit causâ toti us corp oris, ex brac hio ;
ought to be let, if itis done for the sake ofthe whole body, from the arm ;
si alicujus partis, ex eâ parte ipsâ, aut certe quam proximâ
if ofany part, from that part itself, or at least as near as possible :

dictum erit. At si morbi ratio patiatur, tum non decrescit, sed crescere desiit, neque spera
demum, nulla cruditatis suspicione remanente, tur remissio,
tamen occasiotum
nonquoque,
omittendaquamvis
est. pejor, sola
id fiet. Ideoque ei rei videtur aptissimus ad Fere etiam ista medicina, ubi necessaria est,
versæ valetudinis dies secundus, aut tertius.
in biduum
Sed ut aliquando etiam primo die sanguinem
mittere necesse est, sic nunquam utile post mum levaredividenda est : satius
ægrum, deinde est enim, pri
perpurgare, quam
diem quartum est, cumjam spatioipso materia simul omni vi effusa fortasse præcipitare .
et exhdusta est, et corpus corrupit ; ut detractio Quod si in pure quoque aquaque, quæ inter
imbecillum id facere possit, non possit inte cutem est, ita respondet ; quanto magis ne
grum. Quod si vehemens febris urget, in ipso cesse est in sanguine respondeat ? Mitti vero
impetu ejus sanguinem mittere, hominem ju is debet, si totius corporis causa fit, ex bra
gulare est. Exspectanda ergo remissio est : si chio ; si partis alicujus, ex ea ipsa parte, aut
 102 A. CORN. CELSI

(sc. parte) : quia potest non mitti ubique, sed in temporibus, in

because it can not be let every where, but in the temples, in
brachiis, juxta talos. Neque ignoro, quosdam dicere sanguinem
the arms , near the ancles. Nor am I ignorant , that some say that blood
esse mittendum longissime quam inde ubi lædit,
ought to be drawn the farthest possible from that place where it hurts,
(sc. morbus), enim sic cursum materiæ averti ;
(from the seat of the disease), for thus that the course ofthe matter is diverted;
at illo modo evocari in id ipsum quod gravat.
but in theformer method that is called into that itself which oppresses.
Sed id est falsum : enim primo exhaurit proximum locum ;
But that is false : for first it empties the nearest place (part);
autem sanguis ex ulterioribus (sc. locis) sequitur eatenus
but the blood from the more remote follows sofar (to the same extent)
quatenus emittitur ; ubi is suppressus est, quidem ne venit,
as it is drawn ; when it has been suppressed, indeed it does not come,
quia non trahitur. Tamen usus ipse videtur docuisse,
because it is not drawn. However experience itself seems to have taught,
si caput fractum est, sanguinem esse potius mittendum ex
if the head has been broken, that blood ought rather to be drawn from
brachio ; si quod vitium est in humero , ex altero brachio :
the arm ; if any disease is in the humerus, from the other urm :
credo quia, si quid cesserit parum, eæ partes, quæ
I believe because, if any thing shouldfall out ill, those parts, which
jam habent se male, sunt opportuniores injuriæ. Sanguis
already have themselves badly, are more liable to injury. The blood
quoque interdum avertitur, ubi prorumpens aliâ parte, emittitur
also sometimes is diverted, when breakingforth in one part, it is drawn
- aliâ : enim desinit fluere qua nolumus sc. eum fluere,
from another: for it ceases toflow where we are unwilling that it shouldflow ,
objectis quæ prohibeant sc. ne fluat ab inde, alio
things being applied which prevent it flowing from that place, another
itinere dato.
passage beinggiven.
Autem cum mittere sanguinem sit expeditissimum habenti
But although to let blood may be very easy to one having
usum ; tamen est difficillimum ignaro. Enim vena
practice ; notwithstanding it is very difficult to an ignorant one. For the vein
est juncta arteriis ; nervi his : ita si scalpellus attingit nervum,
is joined to arteries; nerves to these : 80 if the lancet touches a nerve,
distentio nervorum sequitur, que ea crudeliter consumit hominem At
a convulsion follows, and that cruelly destroys the person. But

certe quam proxima : quia non ubique mitti esse mittendum ; si quod in humero vitium
potest, Neque
talos. sed in ignoro,
temporibus, in brachiis,
quosdam juxta
dicere, quam est, ex altero brachio : credo, quia si quid pa
rum cesserit, opportuniores eæ partes injuriæ
longissime
mittendum :sanguinem inde,materiæ
sic enim averti ubi lædit, esse;
cursum sunt, quæ jam male habent. Avertitur quoque
interdum sanguis, ubi alia parte prorumpens,
at illo modoin id ipsum, quod gravat, evocari . alia emittitur: desinit enim fluere qua no
Sed
mo idexhaurit;
falsum est
ex :ulterioribus
proximum enim
autemlocum pri-
eatenus iumus,
itinere. inde objectis quæ prohibeant, alio dato
sanguis sequitur, quatenus emittitur ; ubi is Mittere autem sanguinem cum sit expeditis
suppressus est, quia non trahitur, ne venit simum, usum habenti ; tamen iguaro difficilli
quidem. Videtur tamen usus ipse docuisse, si mum est. Juncta enim est vena arteriis, his
caput fractum est, ex brachio potius sanguinem nervi : ita, si nervum scalpellus attingit, se
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 103
arteria incisa neque coit neque sanescit ; interdum etiam
the artery (being) cut neither unites nor heals ; sometimes also
efficit ut sanguis erumpat vehementer. Capita quoque
it causes that the blood break forth violently. The heads (ends) also
venæ ipsius, si forte (sc. vena) præcisa est, comprimuntur,
ofthe vein itself, if perchance it has been cut through, are compressed,
neque emittunt sanguinem . At si scalpellus demittitur timide,
nor do they send out blood. But if the lancet be sent in timidly,
lacerat summam cutem, neque incidit venam. Nonnunquam etiam
it lacerates the surface of the skin, nor cuts the vein. Sometimes also
ea latet, neque reperitur facile. Ita multæ res faciunt
it lies hid, nor is it found easily. Thus many circumstances render
id difficile inscio (sc. homini), quod est facillimum perito.
that difficult to an ignorant person, which is very easy to a skilful person.
Vena est incidenda ad medium : ex quâ (sc. venâ) cum sanguis
The vein is to be cut at the middle : from which when the blood
erumpit, oportet attendere colorem que habitum ejus. Nam
breaksforth, it behooves to observe the colour and condition ofit. For
si is est crassus et niger est vitiosus ; que ideo effunditur
if it is thick and black it is corrupted ; and therefore it is poured out
utiliter : si rubet et pellucet, est integer ; que ea missio
usefully: if it is red and is bright, it is sound ; and that letting
sanguinis non prodest, adeo ut etiam noceat ; que is (sc. sanguis)
ofblood does not benefit, in so much that it even may hurt ; and it
est protinus supprimendus. Sed id potest non evenire sub eo
is forthwith to be suppressed. But that can not happen under that
medico qui scit EX quali corpore sanguis sit mittendus.
physician who knows from what sort of body blood ought to be drawn.
Illud magis solet fieri, ut profluat æque niger assidue
This is more accustomed to happen, that it flows equally black continually
primo die : quod quamvis est ita, tamen si satis jam
on thefirst day: but although it is 80, yet if sufficient has already
fluxit, est supprimendus ; que finis est semper faciendus ante
flowed, it is to be suppressed; and an end is always to be made before
quam anima deficiat. Que brachium est deligandum ,
that the life fail (before fainting). And the arm is to be bound up,
penicillo expresso ex frigida aquâ superimposito: et • postero
a compress squeezed out of cold water being placed over it : and on the next
die vena ferienda adverso medio digito, ut recens
day the vein (is) to be struck with the opposite middle finger, that the recent
coitus ejûs resolvatur, que iterum fundat sanguinem . Autem
union of it may be resolved, and again it may pour out blood. But

quitur nervorum distentio, eaque hominem cru est, vitiosus est ; ideoque utiliter effunditur :
deliter consumit. At arteria incisa neque coit, missio
si rubet et pellucet, integer est ; eaquenoceat
neque sanescit ; interdum etiam, ut sanguis
vehementer erumpat, efficit. Ipsius quoque protinusqueadeo
sanguinis is supprimendus Sed id eve;
non prodest, utest.etiam
venæ, si forte præcisa est, capita comprimun nire non potest sub eo medico, qui scit, ex
tur, neque sanguinem emittunt. At si timide quali corpore sanguis mittendus sit. Illud
scalpellus demittitur, summam cutem lacerat, magis fieri solet, ut æque uiger assidue primo
neque venam incidit. Nonnunquam etiam ea die profluat : quod quamvis ita est, tamen si
latet, neque facile reperitur. Ita multe res id jam satis fluxit, supprimendus est ; semperque
difficile inscio faciunt, quod perito facillimum ante finis faciendus est, quam anima deficiat.
est. Incidenda ad medium vena est ex qua Deligandumque brachium superimposito ex
cum sanguis erumpit, colorem ejus habitumque presso ex aqua frigida penicillo : et postero
oportet åttendere. Nam si is crassus et niger die adverso medio digito vena ferieuda, ut re
104 A. CORN. CELSI
sive sanguis qui initio fluxerat crassus et niger,
whether the blood which in the beginning had flowed thick and black,
cœpit primo sive secundo die et rubere et pellucere,
has begun on thefirst Or second day both to grow red and bright,
satis materiæ detractum est, atque quod superest est sincerum :
sufficient ofmatter has been abstracted, and what remains is pure:
que ideo brachium est protinus deligandum , que est habendum ita,
and therefore the arm is imme diately to be tied up, and is to be kept So,
donec cicatricula sit valens ; quæ celerrime confirmatur in vena.
until the little scar is firm; which very quickly is made firm in a vein.

CAP. XI.
CHAP. XI.
Cucurbitula.
The Cupping-glass.
Vero sunt duo genera cucurbitularum : æneum et corneum
But there are two kinds of cupping-glasses: the copper and horny one.
(sc. genus). Enea (sc. cucurbitula) patet alterâ parte, est clausa
The copper is open at one side, is shut
alterâ: cornea, æque patens alterâ parte, habet exiguum
at theother: the horny one, alike open at one end, has a small
foramen alterâ. Ardens linamentum conjicitur in æneam ,
opening at the other. Burning linen is thrown into the copper one,
ac OS ejûs sic aptatur corpori, que
and the mouth ofit thus (in this state) is fitted (applied) to the body, and
imprimitur, donec inhæreat. Cornea imponitur corpori per
it ispressed upon, until it stick. The horn one is placed upon thebody by
se; deinde ubi spiritus adductus est ore eâ
itself; then when the air has been drawn bythe mouth from that
parte qua est exiguum foramen, que id cavum
there is a small
part 4where hole, and that hole
clausum est cerâ super, inhærescit æque. Utraque fit
hasbeen closed by wax upon it, it sticks in like manner. Both is made
non 1antum ex his generibus materiæ, sed recte etiam ex
not only of these kinds of material, but properly also of
quolibet alio (genere. ) Ac si cætera defecerunt
any other kind. And if other things have failed (are wanting)

cens coitus ejus resolvatur, iterumque sangui roduo genera sunt : æneum, et corneum. Enea,
nem fundat. Sive autem primo, sive secundo altera parte patet ; altera, clausa est : cornea,
die sanguis, qui crassus et niger initio flux altera parte æque patens, altera foramen habet
erat, et rubere, et pellucere cœpit, satis mate exiguum. In æneam linamentum ardens con
riæ detractum est, atque quod superest, since- jicitur, ac sic os ejus corpori aptatur, impri
rum
dum, est: ideoque protinus
habendumque brachium
ita est, donecdeligan
valens miturque, donec inhæreat. Cornea per se cor
pori imponitur ; deinde, ubi ea parte, qua
cicatricula
matur. sit ; quæ celerrime in vena confir exiguum foramen est, ore spiritus adductus
est, superque cera cavum id clausum est, æque
inhærescit. Utraque non ex his tantum ma
CAP. XI.- Cucurbitula.-CUCURBITULARUM ve teriæ generibus, sed etiam ex quolibet alio
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 105
caliculus quoque aut pultarius compressioris oris, commode
a small cup even 01' porringer of a narrower mouth, is conveniently
aptatur ei rei. Ubi inhæsit, si cutis incisa est
fitted for that thing. When it has adhered, if the skin has been cut
ante scalpello, extrahit sanguinem ; si est integra,
before with a scalpel, it draws out the blood; if itis whole,
spiritum. Ergo ubi materia quæ est intus, lædit,
the air. Therefore when the matter which is within, injures,
solet imponi illo modo ; ubi inflatio, hoc.
it is accustomed to be applied in theformer way; when flatulence, in the latter.
Autem præcipuus usus cucurbitulæ est ubi vitium est, non
But the chief use ofthecupping-glass is when a disorder is, not
in toto corpore, sed in aliquâ parte, quam (sc. partem)
in the whole body, but in 80me part, that which
exhauriri est satis ad confirmandam valetudinem . Que id
be emptied is sufficient to establish the health. And that
ipsum est testimonium ubi succurritur impers. sc. a nobis
itself is a testimony (proof) when it is assisted by us )
membro sanguinem esse mittendum etiam scalpello,
to a part (we treat a part) that blood is to be drawn even by a lancet,
potissimum ab eâ parte quæ est jam læsa : quod
principally from that part which is already injured : because
nemo imponit cucurbitulam diversæ parti, nisi cum
no one puts on (applies) the cupping-glass to a different part, unless when
avertit profusionem eo ; sed
he turns away the flow thither (he directs flux of blood to that place) ; but
ei ipsi (sc. parti) , quæ dolet, que quæ est liberanda.
to that itself, which is in pain, and which is to be relieved.
Potest etiam esse opus cucurbitulâ in longis morbis,
There may also be need ofthe cucurbital in chronic diseases,
quamvis et jam aliquod spatium accessit iis,
although even already some duration has been added to them (they have
sive materiâ corruptâ, sive spiritu
been of some duration), whether the matter being corrupted, or air (flatulency)
habente male : quoque in quibusdam acutis morbis, si et
making ill: also in 80me acute diseases, if both
corpus debet levari, et vires non patiuntur sanguinem
the body ought to belightened, and the strength do not permit blood
mitti ex venâ. Que id auxilium ut minus vehemens
to be drawn from a vein. And that remedy a8 less violent
ita (est) magis tutum ; neque est unquam periculosum etiam
80 it is more safe ; nor is it ever dangerous even

recte fit. Ac si cetera defecerunt, caliculus dum : quod nemo cucurbitulam diversæ
comprit,essio ris , ei imponit, nisi cum profusionem sanguinis eo
quoqu
rei e aut
comm aptatrius,
ode pulta oris inhæs
ur. Ubi si concis i avertit ; sed ei ipsi, quae dolet, quæque libe
ante scalpe llo cutis est, sanguinem extrahit ; randa est. longis,
Opus etiam esse etcucurbitula potest
si integra est, spiritum. Ergo ubi materia, in morbis quamvis iis jam spatium
ubi inflatio ,
quæ intus iest,solet.
hoc impon autem; cucurbitulæ
illo modo
lædit, Usus aliquodmale
spiritu accessit ; sive: in
habente corrupta
acutismateria,
quoque sive
qui
præcipuus est, ubi non in toto corpore,riri sed in busdam, si et levari corpus debet, et ex vena
a m
aliqu amvitiu udinem
parte rmand est, quam exhau ad sanguinem mitti vires non patiuntur. Idque
confi valet satis est. Idque auxilium ut miuuspericulosum
vehemens, ita
ipsum mtestimoniumroest, etiam scalpe llo san neque unquam est,magis tutumin;
etiamsi
guinem , ubi memb succurritu r, ab ea potis medio febris impetu, etiamsi in cruditate ad
simu parte, quæ jam læsa est, esse mitten hibetur. Ideoque ubi sanguinem mitti opus
F3
106 A. CORN. CELSI
si adhibetur in medio impetu febris, etiam si
if it is applied in midst oftheimpetus ( the acme) of a fever, even if
(adhibetur) in cruditate. Que ideo ubi est opus sanguinem
in crudity. And therefore when it is necessary that blood
mitti, si est præceps periculum venâ incisâ, aut etiam
be drawn , if there is imminent danger in a vein being opened, or even
si vitium est in parte corporis, confugiendum est (sc. nobis)
if the disorder is in a part ofthe body, we must have recourse
potius huc sc. cuc urb itulæ cum eo, tamen, ut sciamus,
rather hither (sc to cupping with this, however, that we should know ,
ut periculum esse nullum ita præsidium esse
that as the danger is none (there is no danger) 80 that the aid is
levius ; nec auxilium nisi æque vehemens, posse succurrere
morefeeble ; nor that a remedy unless equally violent, can relieve
vehementi malo.
a violent disorder.

CAP. XII.
CHAP. XII.

Dejectio Alvi.
Purging ofthe Belly.

1. Autem antiqui moliebantur dejectionem in pæne omnibus

But the ancients promoted purging in almost all
morbis variis medicamentis, que crebrâ ductione alvi : que
diseases by various medicines, and byfrequent clystering: and
dabant aut nigrum veratrum, aut filiculam, aut squamam
they gave either black hellebore, 01' wall fern (Polypodium), or scales
æris, quam Græci vocant λεπίδα χαλκοῦ (lepida chalkou ),
ofcopper (peroxide), which the Greeks call scales of copper,
aut lac marinæ lactucæ Euphorbiæ, gutta cujûs adjecta
or the milk ofthe sea lettuce a drop ofwhich put upon
pani purgat abunde ; aut vel asininum , vel bubulum vel
bread purges plentifully ; or either asses', or cows', or
caprinum lac, que adjiciebant paulum salis ei, que decoquebant
goats' milk, and they added a little salt to it, and boiled

ductione in omnibus pæne morbis moliebantur:

est, si incisa vena præceps periculum est, aut si
in parte corporis etiam vitium est, huc potius dabantque aut nigrum veratrum, aut filiculam,
confugiendum est : cum eo tamen, ut sciamus, aut squamam æris, quam λerida xaλxo Græci
hic ut nullum periculum, ita levius præsidium vocant; aut lactuca mariuæ lac, cujus gutta
esse ; necauxilium
hemens posse vehementi malo, nisi æque ve
succurrere. pani adjecta abunde purgat ; aut lac vel asini
num, vel bubulum, vel caprinum, eique salis
paulum adjiciebant, decoquebantque id, et sub
CAP. XII.-Alvi Dejectio.- 1. DEJECTIONEM au fatis iis, quæ coierant, quod quasi serum supe
tem antiqui variis medicamentis, crebraque alvi rerat, bibere cogebant. Sed medicamenta sto
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 107
id, et ris, quæ coierant, sublatis, cogebant
it, and those things, which had curdled, being removed, they compelled
sc. ægrum bibere quod supererat, quasi serum. Sed medicamenta
( the patient ) to drink what remained, as if whey. But medicines
fere lædunt stomachum : si alvus fluit vehementius aut
mostly hurt the stomach : if the belly discharges immoderately or
ducitur sæpius, infirmat hominem. Ergo medicamentum
is clystered very often, it weakens the person. Therefore a (purging) medicine
nunquam datur recte causâ ejús rei (sc. dejectionis) in
never isgiven properly for the sake of that object in
adversa valetudine, nisi ubi is morbus est sine febre ; ut
bad health, unless when that disease is without fever; as
cum nigrum veratrum datur aut vexatis atrâ bile,
when black hellebore is given either ( to persons ) troubled with atra-bile,
aut insanientibus cum tristitia, aut iis quorum nervi sunt
or persons mad with melancholy, or to those of whom the tendons are
resoluti aliquâ parte. At ubi sunt febres, est satius
relaxed (palsied) in some part. But where there are fevers, it is better
causâ ejûs rei, assumere cibos que potiones, qui
for the sake ofthat thing, to take foods and drinks, which
simul et alant et molliant ventrem . Que sunt
at the same time both nourish and soften (relax) the belly. And there are
genera valetudinis, quibus purgatio ex lacte convenit.
kinds of disease, which purging with milk suits.
2. Vero plerumque alvus est potius ducenda ; quod quoque
But generally the belly is 1 rather to be clystered ; which, though
sic moderatum ab Asclepiade, ut tamen servatum sit,
80 regulated by Asclepiades, that nevertheless it should be observed,
video plerumque præteriri nostro seculo.
I see forthe most part to be passed over (laid aside) in our own age.
Autem ea moderatio, quam videtur is secutus (est), est aptissima :
But that moderation, which it seems he followed, is most proper :
ut ea medicina neque tentetur sæpe, et tamen non
that that remedy neither should be tried often, and yet be not
omittatur semel, vel summum bis, si caput est grave; si
omitted once, or at most twice, if the head is heavy ; if
oculi caligant ; si est morbus majoris intestini,' quod
the eyes are dim ; if there is disease ofthe larger intestine, which
Græci nominant kóλov (kolon) ; si sunt dolores in imo
the Greeks name colon ; if there are pains in the bottom
ventre, aut in coxâ; si quædam biliosa concurrunt
(of) the belly, or in the hips; if some bilious things come together

machum fere lædunt : alvus si vehementius : 2. Plerumque vero alvus potius ducenda est ;
fluit, aut sæpius ducitur, hominem infirmat. quod, ab Asclepiade quoque sic temperatum,
Ergo nunquam in adversa valetudine medica ut tamen servatum sit, video plerumque seculo
rei causa recte datur,
mentum ejusfebre nisi ubi is præteriri. Est autem ea moderatio,
morbus sine est ; ut cum veratrum nigrum nostro
quam is secutus videtur, aptissima : ut neque
aut atra bile vexatis, aut cum tristitia insani sæpe ea medicina tentetur, et tamen semel, vel
aut iis, quorum
entibus,sunt, nervi parte aliqua re summum bis, non omittatur, si caput grave
soluti datur. At ubi febres sunt, satius est ; si oculi caligant; si morbus majoris in
est ejus rei causa cibos potionesque assumere, testini est, quod Græci 6λov nominant ; si in
qui simul et alant, et ventrem molliant. Sunt imo ventre, aut in coxa dolores sunt ; si in
que valetudinis genera, quibus ex lacte pur stomachum quædam biliosa concurrunt, vel
gatio convenit. etiam pituita eo se, humorve aliquis aquæ
108 A. CORN. CELSI
in stomachum , vel etiam pituita, ve aliquis humor
(accumulate) in the stomach, or even phlegm, or any humour
similis aquæ , confert se eo ; si spiritus
like to water, brings itself thither (collects there) ; if the breath
redditur difficilius ; si venter excernit nihil per se;
is rendered more difficultly; if the belly excretes nothing by itself;
utique si stercus quoque est juxta, et manet intus;
especially if the excrement also is near, and remains within ;
aut si æger, dejiciens nihil, sentit odorem stercoris
or if the patient, voiding nothing, perceives the odour ofexcrement
ex suo spiritu ; aut si quod excernitur est corruptum ; aut si
from his own breath ; or if what is excreted is corrupted; or if
prima inedia non sustulit febrem ;
thefirst abstinence (abstinence in the beginning) has not removed a fever;
aut si vires non patiuntur sanguinem mitti, cum
or if the strength do not permit blood to be drawn, although
sit opus, ve tempus ejús rei præteriit ;
it be necessary, or the time ofthat thing (bleeding) has passed by ;
aut si aliquis potavit multum ante morbum ; aut si is
or if any person has drank agreat deal before a disease ; or if he
qui purgatus est sæpe vel sponte, vel casu,
who has been purged often either spontaneously, or by accident,
subito habet alvum suppressam. Vero illa
suddenly has the belly bound. But those rules (thefollowing)
sunt servanda ; ne ducatur ante tertium diem ;
are to be observed ; that it be not clystered before the third day ;
ne (ducatur) ullâ cruditate substante ; ne in
that it be not (while) any crudity remaining; that it be not in
infirmo corpore, que diu exhausto in adversâ valetudine ;
a weak body, and for a long time exhausted in bad health ;
neve in Co cui alvus reddit satis quotidie, ve qui habet
nor in him to whom the belly voids enough daily, or who has
eam liquidam ; neve in impetu ipso accessionis, quia,
it liquid ; nor in the impetus itself ofthe accession, because,
quod tum est infusum , continetur alvo, que regestum in
what then is injected, is retained in the belly, and carried to
caput efficit periculum multo gravius. Vero æger
the head makes the danger by much more serious. But the patient
debet abstineri pridie, ut sit aptus tali
ought to be restrained the day before, that ⚫ he may be fit for such
curationi : eodem die, aliquot horas ante, bibere calidam
treatment : on the same day, for some hours before, to drink warm

similis confert ; si spiritus difficilius redditur; suppressam. Servanda vero illa sunt : ne ante
si nihil per se venter excernit ; utique, si diem tertium ducatur ; ne ulla cruditate sub
juxta quoque stercus est, et intus remanet ; stante ; ne in corpore infirmo, diuque in
aut si stercoris odorem nihil dejiciens æger adversa valetudine exhausto ; neve in eo, cui
ex spiritu suo sentit; aut si corruptum est, satis alvus quotidie reddit, quive eam liquidam
quod excernitur ; aut si prima inedia febrem habet ; neve in ipso accessionis impetu, quia,
non sustulit ; aut si sanguinem mitti, cum quod tum infusum est, alvo continetur, re
opus sit, vires non patiuntur, tempusve ejus gestumque in caput, multo gravius periculum
rei præteriit; aut si multum ante morbum efficit. Pridie vero abstineri debet æger, ut
aliquis potavit ; aut si is, qui sæpe vel sponte, aptus tali curationi sit : eodem die ante aliquot
vel casu purgatus est, subito habet alvum horas aquam calidam bibere, ut superiores
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 109
aquam ut superiores partes ejûs madescant. Tum
water, that the upper parts of him may become moist. Then
pura aqua est immittenda in alvum, si sumus contenti
pure water is to be injected into the belly, if we are contented
levi medicinâ ; si paulo valentiori mulsa
with a mild medicine ; if a little more powerful (active) hydromel
sc. aqua, si leni, ea (sc. aqua) in quâ
(one part honey,two water,) if an emollient, that in which
fænum Græcum , vel ptisana, vel malva
fenu-Greek, or ptisan (a watery extract ofbarley), or mallow
decocta sit; si causâ reprimendi ex verbenis. Autem
has been boiled ; if for the sake ofastringing from (with) vervains. But
marina aqua vel alia sale adjecto, est acris ;
sea water or (any) other salt being added, is acrid ;
atque utraque decocta est commodior. Fit acrior
and both boiled is more convenient. It is made more acrid
vel oleo, vel nitro, vel melle adjecto : que quo acrior
either by oil, or nitre, or honey being added : and the more acrid
est, eo plus extrahit, sed sustinetur minus
itis, the more it draws out (evacuates), but it is endured less
facile. Que oportet id quod infunditur esse neque
easily. And it behooves that that which is injected be neither
frigidum neque calidum , ne lædat alterutro modo. Cum
cold nor hot, lest it injure in one or other way. When
quantum potest fieri infusum est, æger debet
as much as can be done has been injected, the patient ought
continere se in lectulo, nec protinus cedere primæ
to confine himself in bed, nor immediately to yield to the first
cupiditati dejectionis : ubi est necesse tum demum desidere.
desire ofdejection : when it is necessary then at length to sit down
Que fere materia demta eo modo
(to to stool). And generally the matter removed in this manner
mollit morbum ipsum, superioribus partibus levatis.
mitigates the disease itself, by the superior parts being lightened.
Vero cum aliquis exhausit se desidendo quoties
But when a person has exhausted himself by going to stool as often as
res coëgit., debet conquiescere paulisper ; et utique,
occasion compelled, he ought to rest alittle while ; and likewise,
ne vires deficiant, (debet ) assumere cibum eo die :
lest the strength , should fail, to take food on that day:
qui (cibus) sit dandus plenior an exiguus,
which whether it ought to be given fuller (more plentifully), or sparing(ly),

immittenda in
ejus partes madescant. Tumcontenti neque calidum ; ne alterutro modo lædat.
alvum est, si levi medicina aumus, Cum infusum est quantum fieri potest, con
nec primæ
pura aqua ; si paulo valentiori, mulsa ; si leni, tinere se in lectulo debet æger,
desidere. cedere : ubi
ea in qua foenum Græcum, vel ptisana, vel
malva decocta sit ; si reprimendi causa, ex
cupiditati tum demumprotinus
necesse est, dejectionis Fereque eo
verbenis. Acris autem est marina aqua, vel modo demta materia, superioribusCum partibus
vero,
alia sale adjecto ; atque utraque decocta com levatis, morbum ipsum mollit.
modior est. Acrior fit, adjecto vel oleo, vel quoties res coëgit, desidendo aliquis se ex
itro, vel melle : quoque acrior est, eo plus hausit, paulisper debet conquiescere ; et, ne
extrahit, sed minus facile sustinetur. Idque vires deficiant, utique eo die cibum assumere:
uod infunditur, neque frigidum esse oportet, qui plenior, an exiguus sit dandus, ex ratione
 110 A. CORN. CELSI

oportebit estimari ex ratione ejûs accessionis

it will behoove to be estimated from the nature of that accession
quæ exspectabitur, aut non erit in metu.
which shall be expected, or shall not be in fear (apprehension).

CAP. XIII.
CHAP. XIII.

Vomitus.
Vomiting.

At ut vomitus est sæpe necessarius biliosis, quoque

But a8 a vomit is often necessary to bilious persons, even
in secundâ valetudine, sic etiam in iis morbis quos
in good health, 80 also in those diseases which
bilis concitavit. Ergo est necessarius omnibus qui vexantur,
bile has excited. Therefore it is necessary to all who are troubled,
ante febres, horrore et tremore ; omnibus qui laborant
before fevers, with shivering and tremor ; to all who labour
cholerâ ; etiam omnibus insanientibus cum quâdam
under cholera ; also to all persons mad with a certain degree of
hilaritate; et quoque oppressis comitiali morbo. Sed si
mirth ; and also those oppressed with epilepsy. But if
morbus est acutus, sicut in cholerâ ; si est febris,
the disease is acute, as in cholera ; if there is fever,
ut est non opus asperioribus medicamentis inter
in like manner there is not need ofthe rougher medicines during
horrores, sicut dictum est supra, quoque in dejectionibus :
the shiverings, as has been stated above, also upon purgings:
que est satis ea sumi causâ vomitûs,
and it is sufficient that those things be taken for the sake ofa vomit,
quæ proposui esse sumenda quoque sanis. At
which I have directed ought to be taken also by the healthy. But
ubi morbi sunt longi que valentes sine febre, ut
when diseases are long and strong (active) without fever, as
comitialis (sc. morbus), aut insania, utendum est quoque albo veratro.
epilepsy, or insanity, we must use also white hellebore.

ejus accessionis, quæ exspectabitur, aut in morbo oppressis, necessarius est. Sed si acutus
metu non erit, æstimari oportebit. inter est, sicut in cholera ; si febris est, ut
morbushorrores
, asperioribus medicamentis
CAP. XIII.- Vomitus.-AT vomitus, ut in se opus non est ; sicut in dejectionibus quoque
cunda quoque valetudine sæpe necessarius supra dictum est : satisque est, ea vomitus
biliosis est, sic etiam in iis morbis, quos bilis causa sumi , quæ sanis quoque sumenda esse
concitavit. Ergo omnibus, qui ante febres proposui. At ubi longi valentesque morbi
horrore et tremore vexantur : omnibus, qui sine febre sunt, ut comitialis aut insania,
cholera laborant ; omnibus etiam cum quadam veratro quoque albo utendum est. Id neque
hilaritate insanientibus ; et comitiali quoque | hieme, neque æstate recte datur ; optime, vere
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 111
Id datur recte neque hieme, neque æstate,
That is given rightly neither in the winter, nor in summer,
optime (sc. datur) ver e; tolerabiliter autumno. Quisquis erit
best in spring; tolerably well in the autumn. Whoever shall be
daturus, debet ante (sc. dandum) agere id, ut
about to give it, ought previously to do that, that
corpus accepturi sit humidius. Oportet scire
the body ofthe person about to take it may be moister. It behooves to know
illud, omne medicamentum ejusmodi , quod datur potui
this, that every medicine of that kind, which is given for a potion
non semper prodesse ægris, semper nocere sanis.
does not always benefit the sick, always injures the healthy.

CAP. XIV.
CHAP. XIV.

Frictio.
Friction.

Vero Asclepiades, tanquam inventor ejus (sc. frictionis), posuit

But Asclepiades, as if the inventor of it, has laid down
adeo multa de frictione, in eo volumine, quod
80 many things about friction, in that book, which
inscripsit Communium Auxiliorum, ut cum
he inscribed (entitled) OfCommon (General) Remedies, that although
faceret mentionem tantum trium ; hujûs (sc. frictionis), et
he made mention only of three ; this, and
aquæ, et gestationis ; tamen, consumserit maximam
water, and gestation; nevertheless, he has consumed the greatest
partem in hac (sc. frictione). Autem oportet fraudare neque
portion in it. But it behooves to defraud neither
recentiores viros in iis quæ vel repererunt, vel
the moderns in those things which either they have discovered, 02
recte secuti sunt; et tamen reddere ea quæ
rightly have followed; and yet to render (assign) thosethings which
posita sunt apud aliquos antiquiores suis
have been laid down by some (ofthe) ancients to their own

tolerabiliter, autumno. Quisquis daturus erit, | Auxiliorum inscripsit, ut, cum trium tantum
id agere ante debet, ut accepturi corpus hu faceret mentionem ; hujus, et aquæ, et gesta
midins sit. Illud scire oportet, omne ejusmodi tionis ; tamem
sumserit. maximam
Oportet autem partem
neque inrecentiores
hac con
medicamentum, quod potui datur, non semper viros
ægris prodesse, semper sanis nocere. in iis fraudare, quæ vel repererunt, vel
recte secuti sunt ; et tamen ea, quæ apud
CAP. XIV.- Frictio.- DE frictione vero adeo antiquiores aliquos posita sunt, auctoribus
multa
posuit Asclepiades, tanquam
in eo volumine, quodinventor ejus, suis reddere. Neque dubitari potest, quin la
Communium tius quidem, et dilucidius, ubi et quomodo
112 A. CORN. CELSI
auctoribus . Neque potest dubitari quin Asclepiades,
(proper) authors. Nor can it be doubted but that Asclepiades,
quidem, præceperit latius et dilucidius ubi et quomodo
indeed, directed morefully and clearly when and how
utendum esset (sc. nobis) frictione ; tamen, repererit nihil
we ought to use friction ; nevertheless, he has discovered nothing
quod non comprehensum sit paucis verbis a vetustissimo
which has not been comprised in few words by the most ancient
auctore, Hippocrates : qui dixit, corpus durari frictione
author, Hippocrates : who said, that the body was hardened byfriction
si sit vehemens ; molliri si lenis ; minui si
if it be violent ; that it was softened if gentle; that it was reduced if
multa, impleri si modica. Ergo sequitur
much, that it wasfilled (became bulky) if moderate. Therefore itfollows
ut tum utendum sit (nobis) cum aut corpus, quod est
that we then should use it when either abody, which is
hebes, sit adstringendum ; aut quod induruit, molliendum ;
sluggish, is to be astsinged (braced) ; or what has grown hard, to be softened;
aut digerendum in eo, quod nocet copia ; aut id
or to be dissipated in that, which injures by itsfulness ; Or that
alendum , quod est tenue et infirmum. Quas species,
to be nourished, which is thin and weak. Which kinds,
tamen, si quis æstimet curiosius, quod jam
however, if any person should consider more carefully, which at present
non pertinet. ad medicum , facile intelliget, omnes
does not belong to the physician, he will easily understand, that all
pendere ex unâ causâ, quæ demit. Nam
depend upon one cause, which takes away (carries off something). For
aliquid adstringitur, eo demto quod, interpositum,
something (a part) is astringed, that being taken away which, (being) interposed,
effecerat ut id laxaretur ; et mollitur, eo
had caused that it (should be) was relaxed ; and is softened, that
detracto, quod creabat duritiem ; et impletur, non
being removed, which caused the hardness ; and isfilled, not
frictione ipsâ, sed eo cibo qui postea penetrat
bythe friction itself, but by that food which afterwards penetrates
usque ad cutem, relaxatam quâdam digestione. Vero causa
as far as to the skin, relaxed by a kind of digestion. But the cause
diversaru m rerum est in modo (sc. frictionis).
ofthedifferent things (difference ofeffect) is in the manner (the length and
Autem interest multum inter
violence) . But it differs much (there is a wide difference) between

frictione utendum esset, Asclepiades præce | curiosius æstimet, quod jam ad medicum non
perit ; nihil tamen repererit, quod non a ve pertinet, facile intelliget, omnes ex una causa
tustissimo auctore Hippocrate paucis verbis pendere, quæ demit." Nam et adstringitur
comprehensum sit : qui dixit, frictione, si ve aliquid, eo demto, quod interpositum, ut id
hemens sit, durari corpus ; si lenis, molliri ; laxaretur, effecerat ; et mollitur, eo detracto
si multa, minui ; si modica, impleri. Sequitur quod duritiem creabat ; et impletur, non ipsa
frictione,
ergo, ut tum utendum sit, cum aut adstringen cutem, sed eo quadam
digestione cibo, qui postea usque
relaxatam, ad
penetrat.
dum corpussit, quod hebes est; aut molliendum, Diversarum vero rerum in modo causa est.
quod induruit: aut digerendum in eo, quod Inter unctionem autem et frictionem multum
copia
infirmumnocet ; aut alendum id, quod tenue et
est. Quas tamen species si quis interest. Ungi enim, leniterque pertractari,
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 113
unctionem et frictionem. Enim oportet corpus ungi
in unction and friction. For it behooves that the body be anointed
que leniter pertractari , etiam in acutis et recentibus morbis;
and gently handled, even in acute and recent diseases ;
tamen, in remissione et ante cibum : vero uti longâ
however, in the remission and before food: but to use long
frictione convenit neque in acutis, neque increscentibus,
friction is proper neither in acute, nor in increasing,
morbis; præterquam cum somnus quæritur eâ (frictione)
diseases ; except when sleep is sought by it
phreneticis. Autem longa valetudo, et jam inclinata a
in phrenetics. But long continued disease, and already inclined from
primo impetu amat hoc auxilium. Neque ignoro quosdam
thefirst violence likes this remedy. Nor am I ignorant that some
dicere, omne auxilium esse necessarium
say, every remedy (the whole ofthe treatment) is necessary (ought to be
morbis crescentibus, non cum jam
confined to) for diseases (while) increasing, not when now
finiuntur per se. Quod habet non se ita.
they are terminated by themselves. Which has not itself s0 (is not the case).
Enim morbus, qui habiturus est finem etiam per se,
For a disease, which will have a termination even by itself,
potest tamen tolli citius auxilio adhibito :
may notwithstanding be removed more speedily by the remedy being applied :
quod est necessarium de duabus causis ; et ut bona valetuedo
which is necessary on two accounts ; both that good health
contingat quam primum ; et morbus qui remanet ne
may happen as soon as possible ; and (that) the disease which remains may not
exasperetur iterum , de quamvis levi causâ. Morbus potest esse
be irritated again, from however slight a cause. Disease may be
minus gravis quam fuerit, neque ideo tamen solvi, sed
less severe than it hasbeen, nor therefore notwithstanding resolved, but
inhærere quibusdam reliquiis, quas (reliquias) aliquod auxilium
adhere (remain) by some remains, which some remedy
admotum discutit. Sed ut frictio adhibetur recte, adversâ
(being) applied removes. But as friction is applied rightly, the bad
valetudine quoque levatâ ; sic est nunquam adhibenda
health (disease) also being abated ; 80 it is never to be applied
febre increscente : verum si poterit fieri, cum
(while) a fever (is) increasing: but if it should be able to be done, when
corpus vacabit ex toto eâ (sc. febre) ; sin minus, certe
the body shall befree altogether from it; but if not, at least

corpus, etiam in acutis et recentibus morbis bus de causis necessarium est ; et ut quam
oportet ; in remissione tamen, et ante cibum: primum bona valetudo contingat ; et ne mor
longavero frictione uti, neque in acutis morbis, bus, qui remanet, iterum,quamvis levi de causa,
nequephreneticis
cum increscentibus
somnusconvenit ; præterquam exasperetur. Potest morbus minus gravis esse,
ea quæritur. Amat quam fuerit, neque ideo tamen solvi, sed reli
autemhoc auxilium valetudo longa, et jam a quiis quibusdam inhærere, quas admotum ali
primo impetu inclinata. Neque ignoro, quos quod auxilium discutit. Sed ut, levata quoque
dam dicere, omne auxilium necessarium esse adversa valetudine, recte frictio adhibetur ; sic
increscentibus morbis, non cum jam per se fini nunquam adhibenda est febre increscente ; ve
untur. Quod non ita se habet. Potest enim rum, si fieri poterit, cum ex toto corpus ea
morbus, etiam qui per se finem habiturus est, vacabit ; sin minus, certe cum ea remiserit.
citius tamen adhibito auxilio tolli : quod dua Eadem autem modo in totis corporibus esse
 114 A. CORN. CELSI
cum ea (febris) remiserit. Autem eadem (frictio) debet esse
when it shall have remitted. But the same ought to be
modo in totis corporibus, ut cum aliquis infirmus est
sometimes all over the whole body, as when some weak (person)
implendus; modo in partibus, aut quia imbecillitas ejus membri
to befilled; sometimes in parts, either because the weakness ofthat part
ipsius, aut quia alterius, requirit id (sc. perfricari). Nam et
itself, or because (that) ofanother, requires it. For both
frictio ipsiûs levat longos dolores capitis; non tamen in
friction ofitself relieves long continued pains ofthe head; not however in
impetu doloris : et aliquod resolutum membrum confirmatur
the violence of the pain : and any palsied limb is strengthened
frictione ipsius. Sæpius, tamen, cum aliud
by the friction ofitself. Morefrequently, however, when one part
(sc. membrum) dolet, aliud longe est perfricandum ; que
is in pain, another at a distance is to be rubbed ; and
maxime cum volumus evocare materiam a
especially when we wish to call out the matter (cause a derivation) from
summis aut a mediis partibus corporis; que ideo
the upper or from the middle parts ofthe body ; and on that account
perfricamus extremas partes. Neque sunt audiendi, qui
we rub the extreme parts (extremities). Nor are they to be listened to, who
finiunt numero quoties aliquis sit perfricandus. Enim id est
prescribe by number how often a person ought to be rubbed. For that is
colligendum ex viribus hominis : et si is est. perinfirmus
to be collected from the strength ofthe person : and if he is very weak,
quinquagies potest esse satis ; si robustior potest esse faciendum
fifty times may be sufficient ; if more robust it may be to be done
vel reddi potest- " esse (satis) faciendum " ducenties ; deinde
" be (sufficient) to do it" two hundred times ; then
inter utrumque prout vires sunt. Quo fit ut
between both according as the strength are. Whence it happens that
manus sint dimovendæ minus sæpe etiam in muliere quam
the hands are to be moved less often (rapidly) even in a woman than
in viro; minus sæpe in puero, vel sene, quam in juvene.
in a man ; less often in a boy, or an old man, than in a youth.
Denique, si certa membra perfricantur, est opus multâ que
Lastly, if certain parts are rubbed, there is need of much and
valenti frictione. Nam neque potest totum corpus infirmari cito
strong friction. For neither can the whole body be weakened quickly
per partem , et est opus quam plurimum materiæ
through apart, and it is necessary that as much as possible of the matter

debet, ut cum infirmus aliquis implendus ;, sit. Id enim ex viribus hominis colligendum
modo in partibus, aut quia ipsius ejus membri est et si is perinfirmus est, potest satis esse
imbecillitas id requirit, aut quia alterius. quinquagies; si robustior, potest ducenties
Nam et capitis longos dolores ipsius frictio esse faciendum ; inter utrumque deinde, prout
levat; non in impetu tamen doloris : et mem vires sunt. Quo fit, ut etiani minus sæpe in
brum aliquod
firmatur. resolutum
Longe ipsius frictione
tamen sæpins con muliere, quam in viro ; minus sæpe in puero,
alind perfri vel sene,
sint. quam siin certa
Denique, juvene, manusperfricantur,
membra dimovenda
candum est, cum aliud dolet; maximeque cum multa
a summis, aut a mediis partibus corporis evo valentique frictione opus est. Nam
care materiam volumus ; ideoque extremas neque totum corpus infirmari cito per partem
partes perfricamus. Neque audiendi sunt, qui potest, et opus est quam plurimum materiæ
numero finiunt, quoties aliquis perfricandus digeri, sive id ipsum membrum, sive per id
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 115
digeri, sive levamus id membrum ipsum, sive aliud per
be dissipated, whether we relieve that part itself, or another through
id. At ubi imbecillitas totiùs corporis exigit hanc curationem
it. But when weakness ofthe whole body requires this treatment
per totum id, debet esse brevior et lenior ;
throughout the whole (of) it (all over), it ought to be shorter and more gentle;
ut tantummodo emolliat summam cutem, quo fiat
so that it may only soften the surface of the skin, that it may become
facilius capax novæ materiæ ex necenti cibo. Posui
more easily receptive ofthe new matter from recent food. I have stated
supra ægrum esse jam in malis ubi exterior pars corporis
above that the patient is now in danger when the external part ofthe body
friget, interior calet, cum siti. Sed tunc quoque unicum præsidium
is cold, internal is hot, with thirst. But then also the only safety
est in frictione ; quæ, si evocavit calorem in cutem
is in friction; which, if it has called out the heat into the skin (surface)
potest facere locum alicui medicinæ .
may make room for some medicine.

CHAP. XV.
CAP. XV.

Gestatio.
Gestation.

Gestatio est quoque aptissima longis morbis, et

Gestation is also very fit for chronic diseases, and (those)
jam inclinatis : que est et utilis iis
already inclined (on the decline): and it is also serviceable to those
corporibus quæ jam carent febre ex toto,
bodies which now want (are freefrom) fever altogether,
sed possunt non adhuc exerceri per se; et iis
but cannot as yet be exercised by themselves ; and to those
quibus lentæ reliquæ morborum remanent, neque aliter
in which the lingering remains of diseases continue, nor otherwise
eliduntur. Asclepiades dixit utendum esse (sc. nobis) gestatione
are expelled. Asclepiades has said that we ought to use gestation

aliud levamus. At ubi totius corporis imbe CAP.XV.-Gestatio.- GESTATIO quoque longis
cillitas hanc curationem per totum id exigit, et jam inclinatis morbis aptissima est : utilis
brevior esse debet et lenior; ut tantummodo que est et iis corporibus, quae jam ex toto
summam cutem emolliat, quo facilius capax febre carent, sed adhuc exerceri per se non pos
ex recenti cibo novæ materiæ fiat. In malis sunt ; et iis, quibus lentæ morborum reliquiæ
jam ægrum esse, ubi exterior pars corporis remanent, neque aliter eliduntur. Asclepiades
friget, interior cum siti calet, supra posui. etiam in recenti vehementique, præcipueque
Sed tunc quoque unicum in frictione præsidium ardente febre, ad discutiendam eam, gestatione
est; que si calorem in cutem evocavit potest dixit utendum : sed id periculose fit ; melius
alicui medicinæ locum facere. que quiete ejusmodi impetus sustinetur. Si
116 A. CORN. CELSI
etiam in recenti que vehementi, que præcipue ardente
even in a recent and vehement, and especially ardent
febre, ad discutiendam eam : sed id fit periculose ; que
fever, to discuss it: but that is done dangerously ; and
impetus ejusmodi sustinetur melius quiete. Tamen si
an impetus of that kind is borne better by quiet. However if
quis volet experiri, experiatur sic ;
any one shall wish to try (it), he should try (it) thus (under thefollowing
si lingua non erit aspera, si suberit
circumstances); if the tongue shall not be rough, if there shall be
nullus tumor, nulla durities, nullus dolor visceribus, aut
no swelling, no hardness, no pain to (in) the bowels, or
capiti, aut præcordiis . Et ex toto, dolens corpus
head, or præcordia. And altogether, apainful body
nunquam debet gestari, sive id est in toto
never ought to be carried, whether that is in the whole
corpore, sive in parte ; nisi, tamen, nervis solis
body, or in a part; unless, however, the nerves alone
dolentibus ; neque unquam febre increscente, sed in
beingpainful; nor ever (while) afever (is) increasing, but in
remissione ejûs. Autem sunt plura genera gestation :
the remission of it. But there are several kinds ofgestation:
quæ sunt adhibenda et pro viribus et
which are to be applied (adopted) both according to the strength and
pro opibus cujusque ; ut ne digerant
according to the wealth ofeach (patient) ; that they do not waste (reduce)
imbecillum hominem nimis, aut desint
a weak person too much, or be wanting (beyond the means)
humili. Lenissima est navi vel in
to a low one (a poor one). The gentlest i8 in a ship either in
portu, vel in flumine ; vehementior vel in nave alto
port, or in a river ; more violent either in a ship onthe deep
mare, vel lectica; etiamnum acrior vehiculo. Atque hæc
sea, or in a litter ; even still more brisk in a chariot. And these
ipsa (subintel. " genera ") possunt et intendi et lentri.
themselves may both ' be increased and made mild.
Si nihil horum est, lectus debet suspendi
If none ofthese is (convenient), the bed ought to be suspended
et moveri: si id quidem est ne, at fulmentum
and moved : if that even is not (practicable), yet a prop
certe est subjiciendum uni pedi, atque ita lectus
at least is to be placed under one foot, and thus the bed

quis tamen experiri volet, sic experiatur, si viribus cujusque, et pro opibus ; ne aut im
lingua non erit aspera, si nullus tumor, nulla becillum hominem nimis digerant, aut humili
durities, nullus dolor visceribus, aut capiti, desint. Lenissima est navi, vel in portu, vel
aut præcordiis suberit. Et ex toto, nunquam in flumine ; vehementior vel in alto mari
gestari corpus dolens debet, sive id in toto, nave, vel lectica ; etiamnum acrior vehiculo.
sive in parte est ; nisi tamen solis nervis Atque hæc ipsa et intendi et leniri possunt.
dolentibus ; neque unquam increscente febre, Si nihil horum est, suspendi lectus debet, et
sed in remissione ejus. Genera autem gesta moveri : si ne id quidem est, at certe uni pedi
tionis plura sunt : quæ adhibenda sunt et pro subjiciendum fulmentum est, atque ita lectus
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 117
impellendus huc et illuc manu. Et quidem levia
to be driven hither and thiher by the hand. And indeed the gentle
genera exercitationis conven iunt infirmis : vero valentiora, iis
kinds of exercise suit the weak : but the stronger, those
qui liberati sunt febre jam pluribus diebu s ; aut iis,
who have been freed from fever now for several days ; 01 those ,
qui sic sentiunt initia gravium morb orum, ut adhuc
who 80 feel the beginnings of severe diseases, that as yet
vacent febre, quod fit et in tabe,
they are freefrom fever, which happens (occurs) both in consumption,
et in vitiis stomachi, et cum aqua subiit
and in disorders ofthe stomach, and when water hasgone under
cutem , et interdum regio morbo ; aut ubi
(infiltrated) the skin (dropsy), and sometimes in jaundice ; or when
quidam morbi, qualis est comitialis, qualis est
certain diseases, such as is the comitial (epilepsy), such as is
insania, manent, quamvi s diu sine febre. In
insanity, remain, although for a long time without fever. In
quibus affectibus ea genera exercitationum quoque sunt
which affections those kinds ofexercises also are
necessaria, quæ comprehendimus eo loco, quo
necessary, which we have comprehended in that place, in which
præcepimus quemadmodum sani, neque firmi homines
we have directed in what manner healthy, nor yet strong persons
gererent se.
should regulate themselves.

CAP. XVI.
CHAP. XVI.

Abstinentia.
Abstinence.

Vero sunt duo genera abstinentiæ : alterum (genus) ubi

But there are two kinds ofabstinence : the one when
æger assumit nihil ; alterum ubi non nisi quod
the patient takes nothing; the other when not but (only) what

huc et illuc manu impellendus. Et levia | quamvis diu, manent. In quibus affectibus ea
quidem genera exercitationis infirmis conve quoque genera exercitationum necessaria sunt,
niunt : valentiora vero iis, qui jam pluribus quæ comprehendimus eo loco, quo, quæmad
diebus liberati sunt ; aut iis, qui gravium
febreinitia
morborum modum sani, neque firmi homines se gererent,
sic sentiunt, ut adhuc febre præcepimus.
vacent, quod et in tabe, et in stomachi vitiis,
et cum aqua cutem subiit, et interdum in CAP. XVI.-Abstinentia.-ABSTINENTIÆ vero
morbo regio fit; aut ubi quidam duo genera sunt : alterum, ubi nihil assumit
comitialis, qualis insania est, morbi, qualis
sine febre, seger; alterum, ubi non nisi quod oportet.
118 A. CORN. CELSI

oportet sc. eum assumere. Initia morborum primum

it behooves him to take. The beginnings of diseases first
desiderant famem que sitim : deinde morbi ipsi
require fasting and thirst ; then the diseases themselves
(desiderant) moderationem, ut neque aliud quam (quod)
regulation, 89 that neither any thing else than
expedit, neque nimium ejûs ipsiûs sumatur. Enim
is needful, nor too much ofthat itself be taken. Moreover
neque convenit satietatem esse protinus juxta
neither does it suit that satiety be immediately next to (immediately
inediam. Quod, si est inutile quoque sanis
succeed to) fasting. Which, if it is injurious even to healthy
corporibus ubi aliqua necessitas fecit famem, quanto
bodies when any necessity has caused hunger, by how much
inutilius est in corpore etiam ægro ? Neque ulla res
more injurious is it in a body also diseased ? Nor does any thing
adjuvat laborantem magis quam tempestiva abstinentia. Apud
relieve a person suffering more than timely abstinence. With
nos, intemperantes homines dant curantibus
us, intemperate men give (leave) to those curing (their physicians)
sc. præcipere) tempora cibi ipsi (" antiq. pro ipsiûs aut fortasse
to prescribe the times ofthefood itself.
genitiv. est ab ipsus, " quod in Terent. invenitur). Rursus, alii remittunt
Again, others grant
pro dono tempora medicis, vindicant modum sibi ipsis.
as a gift the periods to their physicians , claim the quantity for themselves.
Credunt se agere liberaliter, qui relinquunt cetera
They believe that they act liberally, who leave the other things
arbitrio illorum (medicorum), sunt liberi in genere
to the will (discretion) ofthe former, are free in the kind
cibi ; quasi quæratur quid liceat
ofthe food; as if it be questioned what may be permitted (left to the
medico, non quid sit salutare ægro.
direction of) to the physician, not what may be salutary forthe patient.
Cui vehementer nocet, quoties peccatur, vel in
Whom it severely injures, as often as it is transgressed, either in
tempore, vel modo, vel genere ejûs quod assumitur.
the time, or quantity, or kind ofthat which is taken.

Initia morborum primum famem, sitimque | ipsi cibi tempora curantibus dant. Rursus
desiderant : ipsi deinde morbi, moderationem, alii, tempora medicis pro dono remittunt, sibi
ut
nimium aliud quamNeque
neque sumatur. neque
expedit,enim convenit jux- ipsis
ejus ipsius modum
credunt, qui cetera illorumLiberaliter
vindicant. agere se
arbitrio relinquunt,
ta inediam protinus satietatem esse. Quod si in genere cibi liberi sunt ; quasi quæratur,
sanis
necessitas corporibus
quoquefamem quantoest,inutilius
fecit ;inutile ubi aliqua
est sit. medico
quid Cui liceat, non
vehementer nocet, ægro salutare
quidquoties in ejus,
in corpore etiam ægro ? Neque ulla res magis quod assumitur, vel tempore, vel modo, vel
adjuvat laborantem, quam tempestiva ab- genere peccatur."
stinentia. Intemperantes homines apud nos,
 MEDICINE LIB. II 119

CAP. XVII.
CHAP. XVII.

Sudor.
Sweat.

Sudor etiam elicitur duobus modis : aut sicco calore, aut

Sweat also is elicited in two ways: either by a dry heat, or
balneo. Siccus est calor et calidæ arenæ, et laconici,
the bath. A dry is the heat both of warm sand, and ofthe laconicum
et clibani, et quarundam naturalium
(steam or vapour bath) , and clibanus (portable stove), and of some natural
sudationum, ubi calidus vapor profusus terrâ includitur
sweatings, where the hot vapour pouredforth from the earth is inclosed
ædificio, sicut habemus in myrtetis super Baias. Præter
by a building, as we have in the myrtle groves above Baiæ. Besides
hæc movetur sole • quoque et exercitatione. Que hæc
these it is excited bythe sun also and by exercise. And these
genera sunt utilia, quoties humor intus nocet, que is est
kinds are useful, as often as a humour within hurts, and it is
digerendus. Ac quædam vitia nervorum quoque
to be dissipated. And certain diseases ofthe nerves (potiusne tendons ?) also
curantur optime sic. Sed cetera possunt convenire infirmis ;
are treated best thus. But the other kinds may suit the weak ;
sol et exercitatio tantum robustioribus ; tamen qui tenentur
the sun and exercise only the more robust ; but who are affected,
vel inter initia morborum , vel etiam gravibus morbis, sine
either at the beginnings ofdiseases, or even with severe diseases, without
febre. Autem cavendum est (nobis) ne quid horum tentetur
fever. But we must take care that nothing (no one) of these be tried
vel in febre, vel in cruditate. At usus balnei est duplex.
either in fever, or in crudity. But the use of the bath is twofold.
Nam modo, febribus discussis, facit initium plenioris
For sometimes , fevers being shaken off, it makes the beginning offuller
cibi , que firmioris vini valetudini ; modo tollit
diet, and ofa stronger wine for (the recovery of) health ; sometimes it carries off
febrem ipsam . Que fere adhibetur ubi expedit
the fever itself. And generally it is used when it is expedient

CAP. XVII. - Sudor.- SUDOR etiam duobus rantur. Sed cetera infirmis possunt convenire :
sicco calore, aut balneo.
calor est,autet arenæ calidæ, et laconici,
Siccus elicitur:
modis sol, et exercitatio tantum robustioribus ; qui
tamen sine febre, vel inter initia morborum,
et clibani, et quarundam naturalium sudatio vel etiam gravibus morbis tenentur. Cavendum
num, ubi terra profusus calidus vapor ædificio autem est, ne quid horum vel in febre, vel in
includitur, sicut super Baias in myrtetis, habe cruditate tentetur. At balnei duplex usus est.
mus. Præter hæc, sole quoque, et exercitatione Nam modo, discussis febribus, initium cibi
movetur. Utiliaque hæc genera
digerendus quoties
sunt, est. pleuioris, vinique firmioris, valetudini facit ;
humor intus nocet, isque Ac modo febrem ipsam tollit. Fereque adhibetur,
nervorum quoque quædam vitia sic optime cu ubi summam cutem relaxari, evocarique cor
120 A. CORN. CELSI
summam cutem relaxari, que corruptum humorem
that the surface of the skin be relaxed, and thatthe corrupted humour
evocari, que habitum corporis mutari. Antiqui utebantur
be calledforth, and that the habit of body be changed. The ancients used
eo timidius : es
Asclepiad audacius. Autem neque debet
it more timidly (cautiously) : Asclepiades more boldly. But neither ought
ea res terrere (sc. ab ejus usu), si est tempestiva; ante
that thing tofrighten (us), if it is seasonable ; before (the proper)
tempus nocet. Quisquis liberatus est febre, simulatque ea
time it hurts. Whosoever hasbeen freed from a fever, as soon as it
(febris) non accessit uno die, potest lavari tuto, eo (die)
has not come on for one day, may be washed safely, upon that
qui est proximus, post tempus accessionis. At si
which is next (thefollowing), after the time of the accession. But if
ea febris solita est habere circuitum , sic ut revertatur
that fever has been accustomed to have a period, 80 that it may return
tertio . ve quarto die, quandocunque non accessit, balneum est
on the third or fourth day, whensoever it has not come on, the bath is
tutum . Vero febribus adhuc manentibus, si hæ sunt lentæ, que
safe. But the fever(s) still remaining, if these are slow, and
splenes jamdiu habent male, ista medicina recte tentatur :
the spleens now a longtime make ill, that treatment is properly tried :
cum eo tamen, (ut) præcordia sint ne dura, ve
with this (understanding) however, that the præcordia be not hard, 01
ne tumeant ve lingua sit ne aspera, ve sit
do not swell (ure not swollen) or the tongue be not rough, 01 there be
ne ullus dolor aut in medio corpore aut in capite, ve
not any (no) pain either in the middle (of) the body or in the head, or
febris ne tum increscat. Et quidem in iis febribus, quæ habent
thefever be not then increasing. And even in those fevers, which have
certum circuitum , sunt duo tempora balnei ; alterum
a certain period, there are two times (proper) for the bath ; the one
ante horrorem ; alterum , febre finitâ : vero
before the shivering; the other, the fever (paroxysm) being terminated : but
in iis qui detinentur diu lentis febriculis, cum
in those who are affected a long time with slow slight fevers, when
accessio aut recessit ex toto aut, si id non solet
the accession either has departed altogether, or, if that is not accustomed
certe lenita est, que corpus jam est tam integrum quam
(to happen) at least has been abated, and the body now is as sound 80
maxime solet esse in eo genere valetudinis. Imbecillus homo
far as it is accustomed to be in that kind of disease. A weak person

ruptum humorem, et habitum corporis mutari tatur: cum eo tamen, ne præcordia dura sint,
expedit. Antiqui timidius eo utebantur : As neve ea tumeant, neve lingua aspera sit, neve
clepiades audacius. Neque terrere autem ea aut in medio corpore, aut in capite dolorullus
res, si tempestiva est, debet ; ante tempus, sit, neve tum febris increscat. Et in iis qui
nocet. Quisquis febre liberatus est, simulatque dem febribus, quæ certum circuitum habent,
ea uno die non accessit, eo qui proximus est, duo balnei tempora sunt ; alterum, ante hor
post tempus accessionis, tuto lavari potest. At rorem ; alterum, febre finita : in iis vero, qui
si circuitum habere ea febris solita est, sic ut lentis febriculis diu detinentur, cum aut ex
tertio, quartove
non accessit, die revertatur,
balneum tutum est.quandocunque
Manentibus toto recessit accessio ; aut, si id non solet,
certe lenita est, jamque corpus tam integrum
vero adhuc febribus, si hæ sunt lentæ, lenesque est,
solet.quam maxime esse
Imbecillus in eoiturus
homo, genereinvaletudinis
balneum,
jamdiu male habent, recte medicina ista ten
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 121
(qui est) iturus in balneum debet vitare (ut) ne experiatur
about to go into a bath ought to take care that he do not experience
aliquod frigus ante. Ubi venit in balneum
(not to experience) any cold before. When he has come into the bath
resistere paulisper, que experiri num tempora adstringantur, et
to stand for a little, and to try whether his temples are constricted, and
an aliquis sudor oriatur : si illud incidit, hoc non
whether any sweat arise : if theformer happens, the latter has not
secutum est, balneum est inutile eo die ; que is est perumgendus
followed, the bath is injurious on that day ; and he is to be anointed
leniter, et auferendus ; que frigus vitandum omni modo,
gently, and to be taken away ; and cold to be avoided in every way,
et utendum abstinentiâ. At si temporibus integris, sudor incipit
and he must use abstinence. But if the temples being sound, sweating begins
primum ibi (sc. temporibus) deinde alibi, fovendum est OS
first there afterwards elsewhere, he must wash the mouth
multâ calidâ aquâ ; tum desidendum in solio ; atque ibi
with much warm water; then (he must) sit down in the solium ; and there
quoque videndum, num summa cutis inhorrescat sub
also he must observe, whether the surface (of the) skin shivers at
primo contactu calidæ aquæ : quod tamen potest vix fieri,
the first touch ofthe warm water: which however can scarcely happen,
si priora cesserunt recte : autem id est certum signum
if theformer things have fallen out rightly: but that is a certain sign
balnei inutilis. Vero aliquis cognoscat ex ratione
ofthe bath (being) injurious. But any one may know from the state
suæ valetudinis debeat perungi ante quam demittat
ofhis own health whether he ought to be anointed before that he lower
se in calidam aquam an postea. Fere tamen nisi
himself into the warm water or afterwards. Generally however except
ubi præcipiatur nominatim , ut fiat postea corpus est
when it is directed expressly, that it be done afterwards the body
m
perungendu leniter sudore moto ; deinde est demittendum
be anointed gently (on) sweating being excited; then it is to be lowered
in calidam aquam. e
Atqu hic quoque ratio virium est
into the warm water. And here also the state ofthe strength is
habenda, neque committendum (sc. est nobis) ut anima deficiat
to be considered, nor ought we to hazard that life fail (he faint)
per æstum ; sed is est auferendus maturius, que involvendus
through the heat; but he is to be taken away sooner, and to be wrapped up
curiose vestimentis, ut neque frigus aspiret ad eum , et quoque
carefully in clothes, that neither cold may blow (upon) him, and also

vitare debet, ne ante frigus aliquod experiatur: | certum id autem signum inutilis balnei est.
ubi in balueum venit, paulisper resistere, expe an Antepostea
vero, quam in aquam calidam seexdemittat,
aliquiscognoscat.
ririque, num tempora adstringantur, et an valetudinis
sudor aliquis oriatur : illud si incidit, hoc non suæ perungi debeat,
Fere tamen,ratione
nisi
secutum est, inutile eo die balneum est ; perun ubi nominatim, ut postea fiat, præcipiatur, moto
gendusque is leniter, et auferendus est, vitan sudore leniter corpus perungendum ; deinde in
dumque omni modo frigus, et abstinentia uten aquam calidam demittendum est. Atque hic
dum. At si temporibus integris, primum ibi, quoque habenda virium ratio est, neque com
deinde alibi sudor incipit, fovendum os aqua mittendum, ut per æstum anima deficiat ; sed
calida ; tum in solio desidendum est ; atque maturius is auferendus, curioseque vestimentis
ibi quoque videndum, num sub primo contactu involvendus est, ut neque ad eum frigus aspi
aqua calidæ summa cutis inhorrescat : quod ret, et ibi quoque, antequam aliquid assumat,
vix tamen fieri potest, si priora recte cesserunt: insudet. Fomenta quoque calida sunt, milium,
G
122 A. CORN. CELSI
sudet ibi antequam assumat aliquid. Fomenta
(that) he may sweat there before that he take any thing. Fomentations
quoque sunt milium, sal, arena : quodlibet eorum calefactum , et
also are millet-seed, salt, sand ; any one ofthese made hot, and
Conjectum in linteum ; si est opus minore vi, etiam linteum
thrown into (upon) linen; if there is need of less power, even linen
solum : at si majore, exstincti titiones que involuti
alone : but if greater, extinguished tiles (coals) and wrapped up (folded)
panniculis, et sic circumdati. Quin etiam utriculi replentur
in cloths, and thus applied round. Moreover bottles arefilled
calido oleo ; et aqua conjicitur in fictilia vasa, quas vocant
with warm oil; and water is poured into earthen vessels, which they cal
lenticulas a similitudine ; et sal excipitur linteo sacco, que
lenticulæ from their similitude ; and salt is received in a linen bag, and
demittitur in bene calidam aquam , tum collocatur super id
is let down into very hot water, then is placed upon that
membrum quod est fovendum. Que duo ferramenta, capitibus
part which is to be fomented. And two irons, with the heads
paulo latioribus, sunt juxta ignem : que alterum ex his
a little broader, are (kept) near thefire : and the one of these
demittitur in eum salem , et aqua aspergitur leviter super (sc. salem) ;
is lowered into that salt, and water is sprinkled slightly upon it;
ubi cœpit frigere, refertur ad ignem ; et idem
when it has begun to cool, it is brought back to thefire ; and the same
fit in altero ; deinde invicem in utroque :
is done in (with) the other; then by turns (alternately) with both:
inter quæ salsus et calidus succus descendit, qui (sc. succus,
during which the salt and hot liquor descends, which
opitulatur nervis contractis aliquo mordo. Commune proprium)
relieves the sinews contracted by any disease. The common (sc.property
omnibus his est, digerere id, quod vel onerat præcordia, vel
to all these is, to dissipate that, which either oppresses the præcordia, or
strangulat fauces, vel nocet in aliquo membro. Autem quando
suffocates thefauces, 01 hurts in any part. But when
utendum sit (sc. nobis) quoque, dicetur in generibus ipsis
we ought to use each one, will be stated in the kinds themselves
morborum.
ofthe diseases.

sal, arena ; quodlibet eorum calefactum, et in | alterumque ex his demittitur in eum salem, et
linteum conjectum ; si minore vi opus est, aqua super leviter aspergitur; ubi frigere cœ
etiam solum linteum ; at si majore, exstincti pit, ad ignem refertur, et idem in altero fit;
titiones, involutique panniculis, et sic circum deinde invicem in utroque : inter quæ descen
dati. Quin etiam calido oleo replentur utri dit salsus et calidus succus, qui contractis ali
culi ; et in vasa fictilia, a similitudine quas quo morbo nervis opitulatur. His omnibus
lenticulas vocant, aqua conjicitur ; et sal sacco commune est, digerere id, quod vel præcordia
linteo excipitur, demittiturque in aquam bene onerat, vel fauces strangulat, vel in aliquo
calidam, tum super id membrum, quod foven membro nocet. Quando autem quoque uten
dum est, collocatur. Juxtaque ignem ferra dum sit, in ipsis morborum generibus dicetur,
muenta duo sunt, capitibus paulo latioribus :
 MEDICINE LIB. II . 123

CAP. XVIII.
CHAP. XVIII.

Vires Ciborum.
The Powers of Foods.

Cum dictum sit (sc. a nobis) de iis, quæ juvant

Since it has been spoken (we have treated) about those things , which ussist
detrahendo ; veniendum est (nobis) ad ea quæ alunt, id
by evacuating; we must come to those things which nourish , that
est, cibum et potionem. Autem hæc sunt communia præsidia
is, food and drink. But these are the common safeguards
non tantum omnium morborum , sed etiam secundæ valetudinis : que
not only of(in) all diseases, but also ofgood health : and
pertinet ad rem, nosse proprietates omnium, primum ut
it belongs to the matter, to know the properties ofall, first that
sani sciant quomodo utantur his ; deinde ut liceat
the healthy may know how they should use them ; then that it may be permitted
nobis exsequentibus curationes morborum, subjicere species rerum
to us (while) tracing out the cures ofdiseases, to subjoin the kind ofthings
quæ erunt assumendæ, neque sit necesse subinde nominare
which will be to be taken, nor that it be necessary frequently to name
eas singulas. Igitur oportet scire, omnia
(to specify) them single (individually). Therefore it behooves to know, that all
legumina, que ex frumentis quæ sunt panificia, esse
legumes, and of grains (those) which are makeable into bread, are
valentissimi generis : VOCO valentissimum in quo est plurimum
ofthe strongest kind: (Icall the strongest in which there is the most
alimenti : item omne quadrupes animal natum domi
(of) nourishment :) also every quadruped animal born at home (tame)
omnem grandem feram, quales sunt caprea cervus, aper,
every large wild beast, such are the antelope (chamois goat) the stag, boar,
onager; omnem grandem avem, quales sunt anser et pavo, et
wild ass; every large bird, such are the goose and peacock, and
grus ; omnes marinas belluas, ex quibus est cetus, que quæ,
crane ; all sea monsters, of which is the whale, and those which
sunt pares his ; item mel et caseum. Quo est minus
are equal to these ; likewise honey and cheese. Whence it is not

CAP.XVIII.-Ciborum Vires. -CUMde iis dictum gulas eas nominare. Scire igitur oportet,
sit, quæ detrahendo juvant ; ad ea veniendum omnia legumina, quæque ex frumentis pani
est, quæ alunt, id est, cibum et potionem. Hæc ficia sunt, generis valentissimi esse : (valen
autemnonomniumtantummorborum, sed etiam tissimum voco, in quo plurimum alimenti est :)
secundæ valetudinis communia præsidia sunt : item omne animal quadrupes domi natum ;
pertinetque ad rem, omnium proprietates nosse ; omnem grandem feram,omnem quales sunt caprea,
sani sciant, quomodo his utantur; cervus, aper, onager; grandem avem,
deinde, ututexsequentibus
primum, nobis morborum cura quales sunt anser, et pavo, et grus ; omnes
tiones, liceat species rerum, quæ assumendæ belluas marinas ex quibus cetus est, quæque
his pares sunt : item mel, et caseum. Quo
erunt, subjicere, neque necesse sit subinde sin
G2
124 A. CORN. CELSI
mirum pistorium opus quod constat ex frumento , adipe,
wonderful that the bakery work (pastry) which consists of corn, fat,
melle, caseo, esse valentissimum. Vero ea debere numerari
honey, cheese, should be very strong. But those things ought to be reckoned
in mediâ materiâ, quorum assumimus radices vel bulbos ; ex
in the middle matter, ofwhich we take the roots or bulbs ; of
quadrupedibus leporem ; omnes aves a minimis ad phoenicopterum
quadrupeds the hare ; all birds from the smallest to the phoenicopter
rubrum angl. Flamingo item omnes pisces qui non patiuntur
( acrimson bird) also all fishes which do not suffer
salem , ve saliuntur solidi. Vero imbecillissimam materiam esse
salt, or are salted solid (whole). But that the weakest matter is
omnem caulem oleris, et quidquid nascitur in caule, qualis est
every stalk ofpot-herbs, and whatever grows on a stalk, such as is
cucurbita , et cucumis, et capparis ; omnia poma, oleas,
the gourd, and cucumber, and caper ; all apples (all the apple kind), olives,
cochleas, que item conchulia. Sed quamvis hæc sint ita discreta,
snails, and also small shell-fish. But although these are 80 different ,
tamen etiam quæ sunt sub eâdem specie, recipiunt magna
yet even those which are under (of) the same species, admit great
discrimina ; que alia res est vel valentior vel infirmior aliâ.
differences; and one thing is either stronger Or weaker than another.
Siquidem est plus alimenti in pane quam in ullo alio:
Since there is more (of) nourishment in bread than in any other :
triticum est firmius quam milium ; id ipsum quam hordeum ; et
wheat is stronger than millet ; that itself than barley ; and
ex tritico siligo est firmissima, deinde simila,
of the wheat the siligo (finestflour) is the strongest, then fine flour,
deinde cui nihil ademtum est, quod Græci vocant
afterwards from which nothing has been taken away, which the Greeks call
αὐτοπύρον : infirmior est ex polline (triticum pulveratum),
autopuron : the weaker is from flour ofwheat,
infirmissimus cibrarius panis. Vero ex leguminibus faba vel lenticula
the weakest household bread. But of the legumes the bean or lentil
est valentior quam pisum. Ex oleribus rapa que napi et
is stronger than pease. Of pot-herbs rape and turnips and
omnes bulbi, in quibus numero cepam quoque, et
every (all) bulbs, ( in which I rank the onion also, and
allium , valentior quam pastinaca, vel quæ appellatur
garlic, is stronger than the parsnip, or what is called
specialiter radicula : item brassica et beta et porrum firmior
specially horse-radish : also cabbage and beet and leek (is) stronger

minus mirum est, opus pistorium valentissi que res alia vel valentior est, vel infirmior.
mum esse, quodInexmedia
caseo constat. frumento, adipe, nume
vero materia melle, Siquidem plus alimenti est in pane, quam in
uilo alio : firmius est triticum, quam milium ;
rari ex oleribus debere ea, quorum radices, vel id ipsum, quam hordeum ; et ex tritico firmis
bulbos assuminus ; ex quadrupedibus, leporem; sima siligo, deinde simila, deinde cui nihil
aves omnes a minimis ad phoenicopterum ; ademtum est, quod aurówupov Græci vocant : in
itcm pisces omnes, qui salem non patiuntur, firmior est, ex polline ; infirmissimus, cibarius
solidive saliuntur. ' Imbecillissimam vero ma panis. Ex leguminibus vero valentior faba,
iterim esse. omnem caulem oleris, et quidquid vel lenticula, quam pisum. Ex oleribus valen
in eaule nascitur, qualis est cucurbita, et cu tior rapa, napique, et omnes bulbi, (in quibus
cumis, et capparis ; omnia poma, oleas, coch cepam quoque, et allium numero) quam pasti
leas itemque conchylia. Sed quamvis hæc ita naca, vel quæ specialiter radicula appellatur :
discreta sint, tamen etiam, quæ sub eadem item firmior brassia, et beta, et porrum, quam
specie sunt, magna discrimina recipiunt ; alia lactuca, vel cucurbita, vel asparagus.´ Ât ex
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 125

quam lectuca, vel cucurbita, vel asparagus. At ex frugibus

than lettuce, or gourd, or asparagus. But of the fruits
surculorum , uvæ, ficus, nuces, palmulæ,
oftwigs (surculous or offshoots), grapes, figs, nuts, dates, are
(sunt)
valentiores quam quæ proprie nominantur poma: atque ex his
stronger than (those) which strictly are named apples: and of those
ipsis (poma), que succosa, sunt firmiora quam quæ
themselves, (those) which (sunt) are juicy, are stronger than (those) which
Item ex iis avibus, quæ sunt in mediâ
(su nt
are ) fr agilia. Also of those birds, which are in the middle
crumbly (mealy).
specie, eæ quæ nituntur pedibus magis quam
(ofthe intermediate ) kind, those which strive with theirfeet more than
quæ volatu ; et ex iis quæ fidunt volatu,
those which strive byflying; and of those which trust inflying,
aves quæ
the birds which (suare nt) grandiores sunt firmiories quam
are stronger
quæ
than (those) which
larger
sunt minutæ ; ut Motacilla ficedula et turdus. Atque eæ
are small; as the epicurean) warbler and thrush. And those
quoque, quæ degunt in aquâ, præstant leviorem cibum quam
also, which live in the water, afford a lighter food than
quæ habent non scientiam natandi. Vero inter domesticas
those which have not the knowledge ofswimming. But amongst the domestic
quadrupedes , suilla est levissima ; bubula gravissima : que item ex
quadrupeds, pork is the lightest; beef the heaviest : and likewise of
feris quo quodque animal est majus, eo cibus ex eo
wild beasts by what each animal is larger, by that thefood from it
(Sc. animale) est robustior. Que eorum piscium, qui
is stronger (more strengthening). And ofthose fishes, which
sunt ex mediâ materiâ, quibus utimur maxime, tamen gravissimi
are of the middle matter, which we use most, yet the heaviest
sunt ex quibus salsamenta quoque possunt
are (those) of which salsaments (hard dried salt fish) also can
fieri, qualis est lacertus ; deinde qui, quamvis
be made, such as i8 the lacertus (lizard) ; then (those) which, although
teneriores, tamen sunt duri, ut aurata (species piscis), corvus,
more tender, yet are hard, as the gilt head (spar-fish), cabot,
sparus (annularis), occulata (spar. melanurus) ; tum plani (pisces);
the sparus (spar-fish), eye-fish (black-tailed spar) ; then flat-fish (ray-fish) ;
post quos lupi (perca punctata) que mulli sunt etiamnum leviores,
after which dotted perch and mullets are even still lighter,
et post hos omnes saxatiles. Vero neque est
and after these all rock-fish (gudgeons, Ovid). But neither is

fructibus surculorum valentiores uvæ, ficus, suilla est ; gravissima, bubula: itemque ex
nuces, palmulæ,
minantur : atquequam quæipsis
ex his pomafirmiora,
proprie quæ
no- feris,
ex eo quo majus
cibus est. quodque animal,
Pisciumque eo robustior
eorum, qui ex
succosa, quam quæ fragilia sunt. Item ex iis media materia sunt, quibus maxime utimur,
avibus, quæ in media specie sunt, valentiores tamen gravissimi sunt ex quibus salsamenta
eæ, quæ pedibus, quam quæ volatu magis quoque fieri possunt, qualis lacertus est ; de
nituntur ; et ex iis, quæ volatu fidunt, firmi- inde qui, quamvis teneriores, tamen duri sunt,
ores quæ grandiores aves, quam quæ minutæ ut aurata, corvus, sparus, oculata ; tum plani ;
sunt ; ut fcedula et turdus. Atque eæ quoque, post quos etiamnum leviores lupi, mullique,
quæ in aqua degunt, leviorem cibum præstant, et post hos, omnes saxatiles. Neque vero in
guam quæ natandi scientiam non habent. generibus rerum tantummodo discrimen est, sed
Inter domesticas vero quadrupedes, levissima etiam in ipsis : quod et ætate fit, et membro, et
126 A. CORN. CELSI
discrimen tantummodo in generibus rerum , sed etiam in
he differenec only in the kinds (classes) of the things, but even in
ipsis (sc. rebus) : quod fit et ætate, et membro,
themselves : which occurs both from the age, and the part (of the body),
et solo, et cœlo, et habitu. Nam omne quadrupes animal,
and soil, and atmosphere, and condition. For every four-footed animal,
si est lactens, præstat minus alimenti ; que item cohortalis
f it is sucking, affords less (of) aliment ; and likewise a coop
pullus, quo tenerior est : in piscibus quoque media ætas , quæ
fowl, the younger it is: in fishes also the middle age, which
nondum implevit summam magnitudinem. Deinde ex eodem
has not yet completed (reached) the greatest size. Then of the same
sue ungulæ, rostrum , aures, cerebellum ; ex agno, ve
hog the hoofs (feet), the snout (cheeks), ears, brain ; of alamb, or
hædo, totum caput cum petiolis sunt aliquanto leviora
kid, the whole head with the littlefeet (petitoes) are somewhat lighter
quam cetera membra : adeo ut possint poni in mediâ
than the other parts: 80 that they may be placed in the middle
materiâ, Ex avibus, colla, ve alæ adnumerantur recte
matter. Of birds, the necks, or the wings are reckoned (classed) rightly
infirmissimis. Vero quod pertinet ad solum, frumentum collinum
with the weakest. But as relates to soil, corn thatgrows on a hill
est quoque valentius quam campestre : piscis editus
is also stronger than thatgrowing in the plain: thefish produced
inter saxa levior quam qui in arenâ : in
among rocks (is) lighter than that which in the sand; (that) in
arenâ levior, quam in limo; quo fit, ut eadem genera
the sand (is) lighter, than in mud whence it happens, that the same kinds
ex stagno, vel lacu, vel flumine, sint graviora : que qui
from a pool, 07 lake, or river, are heavier : and (that) which
vixit in alto levior, quam qui (vixit) in
has lived in the deep (is) lighter, than (that) which (has lived) in
vado. Omne ferum animal etiam levius
a shoal (shallow place). Every wild animal also (is) lighter
domestico ; et quodcunq ue natum est humido
than the tame one; and whatever has been brought forth (produced) in a moist
cœlo, quam quod natum est sicco. Deinde omnia eadem
air, than what has been , &c .) in a dry one. Then all the same things
pinguia habent plus alimenti, quam macra ; recentia quam salsa ;
fat have more (of) nourishment than lean ; fresh than salt;
nova quam vetusta. Tum eadem res jurulenta alit magis
new than old. Then the same thing stewed in broth nourishes more

solo, et cœlo, et habitu. Nam quadrupes omne campestre levior piscis inter saxa editus,
animal, si lactens, est, minus alimenti præstat ; quam in arena ; levior in arena, quam in limo :
itemque quo tenerior pullus cohortalis est : in quo fit, ut ex stagno, vel lacu, vel flumine ea
piscibus quoque mediaimplevit.
ætas, quæDeinde
nondumexsum dem
mam magnitudinem eo alto, genera graviora
quam qui sintvixit.
in vado : leviorque,
Omne qui in
etiam
dem sue, ungulæ, rostrum, aures, cerebellum ; ferum animal domestico levius ; et quodcunque
ex agno, hædove, cum petiolis totum caput humido cœlo, quam quod sicco
Deinde eadem omnia pinguia, quam macra;natum est.
aliquanto, quam cetera membra, leviora sunt:
adeo ut in media materia poni possint. Ex recentia
alimenti quam
habent.salsa;
Tumnova,
res quam
eademvetusta,
magis plus
alit
avibus, colla, alæve recte infirmissimis adnu
merantur. Quod ad solum vero pertinet, fru jurulenta, quam assa ; magis assa, quam elixa.
mentum quoque valentius est collinum, quam Ovumdurum valentissimæ materiæ est ; molle,
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 127
quam assa; assa magis quam elixa. Durum
than (when) roasted ; (when) roasted more than (when) boiled. A hard
ovum est valentissimæ materiæ ; molle vel sorbile, imbecillissimæ.
egg is ofthe strongest material; a soft or poached, ofthe weakest.
Que cum omnia panificia sint firmissima, tamen quædam
And although all things for makingbread are the strongest, yet some
elota genera frumenti, ut alica oryza, ptisana (hordei Decoctum)
washed kinds of corn, as rounded maize, rice, ptisan
vel sorbitio facta ex iisdem, vel pulticula, et panis quoque
or gruel made from the same, or pottage, and bread also
madens aquâ potest adnumerari imbecillissimis.
moist with water (pap or panada) may be classed with the weakest.
Vero ex potionibus, quæcunque (sc. potio) est facta ex frumento,
But of drinks, whatever one is made from grain,
que item lac, mulsum (ex vino cum melle factum), defrutum (vinum incoctum),
and also milk, honeyed wine (wine and honey) boiled must,
passum ex uvis sole siccatis confectum , vinum aut dulce , aut
"aisin wine wine from grapes dried in the sun, wine either sweet, or
vehemens, aut mustum, aut magnæ vetustatis, est valentissimi
strong, or must (wine), or of great oldness (age), is of the strongest
generis. At acetum , et id vinum quod est paucorum annorum,
kind. But vinegar, and that wine which is offew years (new),
vel austerum, vel pingue, est in media materiâ : que ideo
or rough, or fat (oily), is in the middle matter : and therefore
(vinum) alteriùs generis nunquam debet dari infirmis.
of another kind never (no other kind ever) ought to be given to weak
Aqua est imbecillissima omnium . Que potio ex
(persons). Water is the weakest ofall. And the drink from
frumento est firmior, quo firmius frumentum ipsum fuit : firmior
grain is stronger, the stronger the grain itself has been : stronger
ex eo vino, quod natum est bono solo, quam
from that wine, which has grown (been produced) in a good soil, than
quod tenui ; que quod
what (has been produced) in a poor one ; and (that) which (has grown)
temperato cœlo, quam quod aut nimis humido,
in a temperate air, than (that) which (has grown) either in a too moist,
aut nimis sicco, que nimium aut frigido aut calido sc. cœlo.
от too dry, and a too either cold or hot air.
Mulsum, quo plus mellis habet; defrutum , quo magis
Honeyed wine, the more (of)honey it has ; boiled must, the more
incoctum (est) ; passum, quo est ex sicciore uvâ, eo
it has been boiled ; raisin wine, by what it is from a drier grape, by that

vel sorbile, imbecillissimæ. Cumque panificia media materia est : ideoque infirmis nunquam
omnia firmissima sint, elota tamen quædam generis alterius dari debet. Aqua omnium
genera frumenti, ut alica, oryza, ptisana, vel imbecillissima est. Firmiorque ex frumento
ex iisdem facta sorbitio, vel pultícula, et aqua potio est, quo firmius fuit ipsum frumentum :
quoque madens panis, imbecillissimis adnume
rari potest. firmior ex eo vino, quod bono solo, quam quod
tenui ; quodque temperato cœlo, quam quod
Ex potionibus vero, quæcunque ex frumento aut nimis humido,
aut frigido, aut nimis
aut calido natumsicco,
est. nimiumque
Mulsum,
facta est, itemque lac, mulsum, defrutum, pas
sum, vinum aut dulce, aut vehemens, aut mus quo plus mellis habet ; defrutum, quo magis
tum, aut magnæ vetustatis, valentissimi gen incoctum ; passum, quo ex sicciore uva est,
eris est. At acetum, et id vinum quod pauco eo valentius est. Aqua levissima pluvialis est :
rum annorum, vel austerum, vel pingue est, in deinde fontana ; tum ex flumine ; tum ex pu
128 A. CORN. CELSI
valentius est. Pluvialis aqua est levissima ; deinde fontana ;
the stronger it is. Rain water is the lightest; afterwards fountain
tum ex flumine ; tum ex puteo ; post hæc ex
(or spring); then from a river ; then from a well ; after these from
nive, aut glacie ; gravior his ex lacu ; gravissima
snow, or ice ; heavier than these from a lake ; the heaviest (most unwholesome)
ex palude. Cognitio etiam est facilis, et necessaria
from a marsh. The examination also i8 easy, and necessary
requirentibus naturam ejus. Nam levis (aqua) apparet pondere ;
to those requiring the nature ofit. For the light appears from the weighing;
et ex iis (aquis), quæ sunt pares pondere, eo melior quæque
and of those, which are equal in weight, the better each
est, quo celerius et calefit et frigescit, que quo
is, the more quickly it both becomes hot and grows cold, and the
celerius legumina percoquuntur ex eâ. Vero fere
more quickly legumes are thoroughly boiled from (in) it. But it mostly
sequitur, ut, quo valentior quæque materia est, eo minus facile
follows, that, the stronger each matter is, the less easily
concoquatur ; si concocta est, lat plus. Itaque
can it be boiled; but when it has been boiled, it nourishes more. Wherefore
utendum est (nobis) genere materiæ pro viribus; que
we must use the kind of matter according to the strength; and
modus omnium sumendus pro genere. Ergo imbecillis
the quantity ofall to be taken according to the kind. Therefore weak
hominibus est (pro hab.) opus infirmissimis rebus ; media materia
persons have need of very weak things ; the intermediate matter
sustinet mediocriter firmos optime; et validissima est apta
supports the moderately strong best ofall ; and the strongest is fit
robustis Deinde aliquis potest assumere plus ex
for robust ((S(sc.c. persons.
hominibus. ) Finally aperson may take more of
levioribus: debet temperare sibi magis, in iis, quæ sunt
the lighter: he ought to restrain himself more, in those things, which are
valentissima.
strongest.

teo ; post hæc ex nive, aut glacie ; gravior si concocta est, plus alat. Itaque utendum est
his, ex lacu ; gravissima, ex palude. Facilis materiæ genere pro viribus; modusque omnium
etiam, et necessaria pro genere sumendus. Ergo imbecillis homi
requirentibus. Namcognitio est naturam
levis, pondere ejus;
apparet nibus, rebus infirmissimis opus est ; medio
et ex iis, quæ pondere pares sunt, eo melior criter firmos, media materia optime sustinet ;
quæque est, quo celerius et calefit et frigescit, et robustis apta validissima est. Plus deinde
quoque celerius ex ea legumina percoquuntur. aliquis assumere ex levioribus potest : magis
Fere vero sequitur, ut, quo valentior quæque in iis, quæ valentissima sunt, temperare sibi
materia est, eo minus facile concoquatur ; sed debet.
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 129

CAP. XIX.
CHAP. XIX.
Varia Indoles Ciborum.
The different Nature of Foods.
Neque sunt hæc sola discrimina ; sed aliæ
Nor are these the sole (only) distinctions ; but some
res sunt boni succi, aliæ mali ; quas Græci vocant
things are ofgood juice, some ofbad; which the Greeks call
εὐχύλους (euchulous) vel κακοχύλους (kakochulous) ; aliæ
goodjuiced or badjuiced ; some (are)
lenes, aliæ acres; aliæ faciunt pituitam in nobis
mild, some acrid ; some make the phlegm in us
crassiorem , aliæ tenuiorem ; aliæ sunt idoneæ
thicker, others thinner ; some are fit (agree with)
stomacho, aliæ sunt alienæ : que item aliæ inflant ,
for the stomach, others are improper : and also some inflate,
aliæ absunt ab hoc ; aliæ calefaciunt, aliæ
others are absent from (arefreefrom) this ; some heat, others
refrigerant; aliæ facile acescunt in stomacho, aliæ non
cool ; some easily grow acid in the stomach , others are not
facile corrumpuntur intus ; aliæ movent alvum, aliæ supprimunt ;
easily corrupted within ; some move the belly, others bind it;
aliæ citant urinam, aliæ tardant ; quædam movent
some hasten (promote) the urine, others delay it ; some excite
somnum, quædam excitant sensus. Omnia quæ
sleep (drowsiness), some excite the senses. All which things
sunt ideo noscenda, quoniam aliud convenit
are therefore to be known, because a different thing suits
alii, vel corpori vel valetudini.
a different person, either for his body (constitution) or his disorder.

CAP. XX .
CHAP. XX.
Cibi boni Succi.
Foods of good Juices.
Triticum, siligo, alica, oryza, amylum, tragum ,
Wheat, thefinest flour, rounded maize, rice, starch, foreign wheut,

CAP.XIX.-Ciborum Indoles varia.-NEQUE hæc acescunt, aliæ non facile intus corrumpuntur ;
sola discrimina sunt ; sed etiam aliæ res aliæ movent alvum, aliæ supprimunt ; aliæ
boni succi, aliæ mali sunt ; quas sixúλovs citant urinam, aliæ tardant ; quædam somnum
vel xaxoxλovs Græci vocant ; alia lenes, aliæ movent, quædam sensus excitant. Quæ omnia
acres; ali crassiorem pituitam in nobis ideo noscenda sunt, quoniam aliud alii, vel
faciunt, aliæ tenuiorem ; aliæ idoneæ sunt corpori, vel valetudini, convenit.
stomacho, aliæ alienæ sunt : itemque aliæ
infiant, aliæ ab hoc absunt ; aliæ calefaciunt, CAP. XX.-Cibi boni Succi.-BONI succi sunt,
aliæ refrigerant ; aliæ facile in stomacho triticum, siligo, alica, oryza, amylum, tragum,
G3
 130 A. CORN . CELSI

ptisana, lac, mollis caseus , omnis venatio, omnes aves,

ptisan, milk, soft cheese, all game (venison ?), all birds,
quæ sunt ex mediâ materiâ, sunt boni succi ;
which are of the intermediate matter, are ofgood juice ;
ex majoribus (sc. avibus) ex quoque, quas nominavi supra :
of the larger those also, which I have named above :
medii inter teneros que duros pisces, ut mullus et
the middle (intermediate) between tender and hard fishes, as the mullet and
lupus ; verna lactuca (sativa), urtica, malva, cucumis,
the dotted perch ; the spring lettuce, nettle, mallow, cucumber,
cucurbita, sorbile ovum, portulaca, cochleæ, pulmulæ : ex pomis,
gourd, poached egg, purslain, snails, dates : of apples
quodcunque est neque acerbum , neque acidum ;
(the pomace), whatever is neither bitter, nor acid ;
vinum dulce vel lene, passum , defrutum , oleæ quæ
wine sweet or mild, raisin wine, boiled must, olives which
servatæ sunt in alterutro ex duobus his: vulvæ, rostra,
have been preserved in one or other of the two latter : the wombs, cheeks,
que trunculi suum, omnis pinguis caro, omnis
and feet ofhogs, all fat flesh (meat), all
glutinosa (sc. caro), omne jecur.
glutinous, every (kind of) liver.

CAP. XXI.
CHAP. XXI.
Cibi mali Succi.
Foods of bad Juice.
Vero milium , panicum , hordeum, legumina, permacra domestica
But millet, panic, barley, legumes, very lean domestic
caro, que omnis salsa caro, omne
flesh (oftame animals), and every (kind of) salt meat, all (kinds of)
salsamentum , garum, vetus
saltfish, fish sauce (a liquor made from the salted intestines offish), old
caseus, siser, radicula, rapa, napi, bulbi, brassica, que
cheese, parsnip, horse radish, rape, turnips, bulbs, cabbage, and
etiam magis cyma ejûs, asparagus, beta, cucumis, porrum,
still more the sprouts ofit, asparagus, beet, cucumber, leek,

ptisana, lac, caseus mollis, omnis venatio, vulvæ, rostra, trunculique suum, omnis pin
omnes aves, quæ ex media materia sunt ; ex guis caro, omnis glutinosa, omne jecur.
majoribus quoque eæ, quas supra nominavi :
medii inter teneros durosque pisces, ut mullus, CAP. XXI.-Cibi mali Succi.-MALI vero succi
et lupus verna lactuca, urtica, malva, cu sunt, milium, panicum, hordeum, legumina,
cumis, cucurbita, ovum sorbile, portulaca, caro domestica permacra, omnisque caro salsa,
cochleæ , palmulæ : ex pomis quodcunque omne salsamentum, garum, vetus caseus,
neque acerbum, neque acidum est : vinum siser, radicula, rapa, napi, bulbi, brassica,
dulce, vel lene, passum, defrutum, oleæ, quæ magisque etiam cyma ejus, asparagus, beta,
ex his duobus in alterutro servatæ sunt: cucumis, porrum, eruca, nasturtium, thymum,
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 131
eruca nasturtium , thymum , nepeta, satureia,
rocket (basil royal), water cresses, thyme, cat-mint, satyrion,
hyssopum , ruta, anethum , feniculum , cuminum, anisum, lapathum ,
hyssop, rue, dill, fennel, cumin, aniseed, burdoch,
sinapi, allium, сера , lienes, renes, intestina, quodcunque
mustard, garlic, onion, spleens, kidneys, intestines, whatsoever
pomum est acidum vel acerbum , acetum , omnia acria, acida,
apple is acid or bitter, vinegar, all acrid, acid,
acerba, oleum, quoque saxatiles pisces, que omnes,
bitter things, oil, also rock fishes, and all
qui sunt ex tenerrimo genere, aut qui rursus sunt
which are of the tenderest kind, or which again are
nimium duri que virosi, ut • fere qui
too hard and strong flavoured, as mostly (those are) which
stagna, lacus, ve limosi rivi ferunt, que qui
pools, lakes, 02* muddy rivers bear (produce), and which
excesserunt in nimiam magnitudinem , sunt mali
have passed into (have attained) an excessive size, are ofbad
succi.
juice.

CAP. XXII.
CHAP. XXII.

Lenes que acres Cibi.

Mild and acrid Foods.

Autem lenes cibi sunt sorbitio , pulticula, laganum,

But the mild foods/ are gruel, pottage, sponge or pancake,
amylum, ptisana, pinguis caro, et quæcunque est glutinosa :
starch, ptisan, fat meat, and whatever is glutinous:
quod fere quidem fit in omni
which commonly indeed happens in (with) every (kind of)
domesticâ (sc. carne), tamen præcipue in ungulis que trunculis
tame meat, however especially in the feet and the petitoes
suum, in petiolis que capitulis hædorum, et
of swine, in the (little) feet and (little) heads ofkids, and
vitulorum , et agnorum , que omnibus cerebellis : item qui
calves, and lambs, and in all brains : also what

nepeta, satureia, hyssopum, ruta, anethum, CAP. XXII.- Cibi lenes acres que. LENES
feniculum, cuminum, anisum, lapathum, si autem sunt, sorbitio, pulticula, laganum,
napi, allium, cepa, lienes, renes, intestina, amylum, ptisana, pinguis caro, et quæcunque
pomum quodcunque acidum vel acerbum est, glutinosa est : quod fere quidem in omni
acetum, omnia acria, acida, acerba, oleum, præcipue
domestica fit,suum, tamen in
in petiolis ungulis,
capitulisque
pisces quoque saxatiles, omnesque, qui ex trunculisque
tenerrimo genere sunt, aut qui rursus nimium hoedorum et vitulorum et agnorum, omnibus
duri virosique sunt, ut fere quos stagna, lacus, que cerebellis : item qui proprie bulbi nomi
limosive rivi ferunt, quique in nimiam mag nantur, lac, defrutum, passum, nuclei pinei.
uitudinem excesserunt. Acria sunt, omnia nimis anstera, omniaacida,
132 A. CORN. CELSI

proprie nominantur bulbi, lac defrutum , passum pinei

strictly are named bulbs, milk, boiled must, raisin wine, pine
nuclei. Acria sunt, omnia nimis austera, omnia acida,
nuts (apples). The acrids are, all things too austere, all acids,
omnia salsa, et quidem mel, quo melius est, eo
all salt things , and even hone y, the better it is, the
magis (sc. acris ) : item allium, cepa, eruca , ruta, nasturtium,
more 80: also garlic, onion, basil royal, rue, water cresses,
cucumis, beta, brassica, asparagus, sinapi, radicula, intubus,
cucumber, beet, cabbage, asparagus, mustard, horse radish, endive,
ocimum, lactuca, que maxima pars olerum.
basil, lettuce, and the greatest part ofpot-herbs (vegetables?).

CAP. XXIII.
CHAP. XXIII.

Incrassantes et attenuantes Cibi.

Incrassating and attenuating Foods.
Autem sorbilia ova, alica, oryza, amylum, ptisana, lac, bulbi, que
But poached eggs, rounded maize, rice, starch, ptisan, milk, bulbs, and
fere omnia glutinosa faciunt pituitam crassiorem. Omnia
almost all glutinous things make the phlegm thicker. All
salsa, atque acria atque acida, extenuant eandem (sc. pitutiam .)
salt, and acrid and acid things, extenuate (attenuate) the same.

CAP. XXIV.
CHAP. XXIV.

Cibi idonei Stomacho.

Foods suited to the Stomach.
Autem quæcunque sunt austera, sunt aptissima stomacho,
But whatever things are austere, are mostfit for the stomach,
etiam quæ sunt acida, que quæ sunt contacta modice sale :
also what are acid, and what are touched moderately with salt :
item panis sine fermento , et elota alica,
also bread without ferment (unleavened), and washed rounded maize,

omnia salsa, et mel quidem, quo melius est, bilia, alica, oryza, amylum, ptisana, lac, bulbi,
eo magis item allium, cepa, eruca, ruta, omniaque fere glutinosa. Extenuant eandem,
nasturtium, cucumis, beta, brassica, aspara omnia salsa, atque acria, atque acida.
gus, sinapi, radicula, intubus, ocimum,lactuca, CAP. XXIV.- Cibi Stomacho idonei. -STOMA
maximaque olerum pars.
CHO autem aptissima sunt, quæcunque austera
CAP. XXIII.- Cibi incrassantes et attenuantes. sunt, etiam quæ acida sunt, quæque contacta
-CRASSIOREM autem pituitamfaciunt, ova sor- sale modice sunt : item panis sine fermento, et
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 133
vel oryza, vel ptisana ; omnis avis, omnis venatio, atque
or rice, or ptisan ; every (kind of) bird, every (kind of) game, and
utraque vel assa vel elixa : ex domesticis animalibus,
both either roasted or boiled : of domestic (tame) animals,
bubula : si quid ex ceteris sumitur, macrum potius quam
beef: if any of the others is taken, lean rather than
pingue: ungulæ, rostra, aures, que steriles vulvæ ex sue :
fat: the feet, cheeks, ears, and barren wombs of a sow :
ex oleribus, intubus, lactuca, pastinaca, elixa cucurbita,
of pot-herbs (vegetables) , endive, lettuce, parsnip, boiled gourd,
siser : ex pomis, cerasum , morum, sorbum,
parsnip (carrot) : of apples (the apple tribe), the cherry, muerry, service berry,
fragile pirum , quale est Crustuminum vel Nævianum
the brittle (mealy) pear, such as is the Crustumine 01 Nævian :
(sc. pirum) : item pira quæ reponuntur Tarentina
likewise the pears which are accounted (are called) Tarentine
atque Signina ; orbiculatum malum , aut Scandianum, vel
and Signine ; the rounded apple, or p Scandian, or
Amerinum, vel Cotoneum, vel Punicum, uvæ ex olla,
Amerine, or Quince, or Pomegranate, grapes from the pot (jar raisins),
molle ovum, palmulæ, pinei nuclei, albæ oleæ ex durâ
soft egg, dates, pine nuts, white olives from hard (strong)
muriâ, eædem (sc. oleæ) intinctæ aceto, vel nigræ quæ
brine, the same steeped in vinegar, or black (ones) which
permaturuerunt bene in arbore, vel quæ servatæ sunt
have ripened thoroughly well upon the tree, or which have been preserved
in passo, ve defruto : austerum vinum, licet etiam sit
in raisin whey, or boiled must : austere wine, although even it be
asperum , item resinatum : duri pisces ex mediâ
rough, also resined (resin put into it) : hard fishes of the intermediate
materiâ ; ostrea, pectines, murices, purpuræ, cochleæ :
matter (class) : the oyster, comb whelks, purplefishes, branchy murices, snails :
cibi que potiones frigidæ vel ferventes ; absinthium.
foods and drinks cold or hot ; wormwood.

CAP. XXV.
CHAP. XXV.
Cibi alieni Stomacho.
Foods injurious to the Stomach.
vero omnia tepida, omnia salsa, omnia jurulenta , omnia prædulcia,
But all tepid, all salt, all stewed, all very sweet,

elota alica, vel oryza, vel ptisana ; omnis avis, ex olla, molle ovum, palmule, nuclei pinei,
omnis venatio, atque utraque vel assa, vel oleæ albæ ex dura muria, eædem aceto intinc
elixa ex domesticis animalibus bubula : si tæ, vel nigræ, quæ in arbore bene permaturue
quid ex ceteris sumitur, macrum potius, quam runt, vel quæ in passo, defrutove servatæ sunt :
pingue : ex sue, ungulæ, rostra, aures, vulvæ vinum austerum, licet etiam asperum sit, item
que steriles : ex oleribus, intubus, lactuca, resinatum : duri ex media materia 'pisces, os
pastinaca, cucurbita elixa, siser : ex pomis, trea, pectines, murices, purpuræ, cochleæ :
cerasum, morum, cibi, potionesque frigidæ, vel ferventes : absin
vel sorbum, pirum
Crustuminum Nævianum estfragile,
: item quale
pira, thium.
quæ reponuntur, Tarentina atque
malum orbiculatum, aut Scandianum, Signina;
vel CAP. XXV.- Cibi Stomacho alieni. - ALIENA
Amerinum, vel Cotoneum, vel Punicum, uvæ vero stomacho sunt, omnia tepida, omnia salsa,
134 A. CORN. CELSI

omnia pinguia, sorbitio fermentatus panis, que idem (sc. panis)

all fat things, gruel, fermented bread, and the same
ex milio, vel ex hordeo, oleum, radices olerum,
(made) of millet, or of barley, oil, theroots ofpot-herbs (vegetables),
et quodcunque olus estur (ab edor, ederis, estur) ex oleo, ve
and whatever vegetable is eaten with oil, ur
garo, mel, mulsum, defrutum, passum, lac, omnis
fish sauce, honey, honeyed wine, boiled must, raisin wine, milk, every
caseus, recens uva, et viridis et arida ficus, omnia
(kindof) cheese, fresh grape (8), both the green and dry fig, all
legumina , que quæ consueverunt inflare, sunt
legumes, and (those things) which have been accustomed to inflate, are
aliena stomacho : item thymum, nepeta, satureia, hyssopum ,
injurious to the stomach : likewise thyme, cat-mint, satyrion, hyssop,
nasturtium , lapathum, lapsana, juglandes. Autem ex his
water-cresses, burdock, dock-cress (nipplewort) , walnuts. But from these
potest intelligi, quidquid est boni succi, non
it may be understood (that), whatever is ofgood juice, may not
protinus convenire stomacho ; neque, quidquid convenit
immediately agree with the stomach ; nor that, whatever agrees with
stomacho, esse protinus boni succi.
the stomach, is thereupon ofgood juice.

CAP. XXVI.
CHAP. XXVI.
Inflantes Cibi.
Inflating Foods.

Autem fere omnia legumina, omnia pinguia, omnia dulcia,

But almost all legumes, all fat, all sweet things,
omnia jurulenta, mustum, atque etiam id vinum, cui nihil
all things stewed in broth, must, and even that wine, to which nothing
ætatis adhuc accessit, inflant : ex oleribus,
ofage as yet has come (which has not attained to any age) , inflate : of vegetables,
allium, cepa, brassica, que omnes radices, sisere excepto et
garlic, onion, cabbage, and all roots, the carrot being excepted and
pastinacâ, bulbi, etiam aridæ ficus, sed magis virides, recentes
the parsnip, bulbs, also dried figs, but more the green , fresh
uvæ, omnes nuces, pineis nucleis exceptis, lac, que omnis
grapes, all nuts, pine nuts being excepted, milk, and all (kind of)

omniajurulenta, omnia prædulcia, omnia pin protinus stomacho convenire ; neque quidquid
guia, sorbitio,
ex milio, vel expanis fermentatus,
hordeo, idemque
oleum, radices vel
olerum, stomacho convenit, protinus boni succi esse.
et quodcunque olus passum,
ex oleo garove estur,caseus,
mel, CAP. XXVI.- Cibi inflantes. -INFLANT autem,
mulsum, defrutum, lac, omnis omnia fere legumina, omnia pinguia, omnia
uva recens, ficus et viridis arida, legumina dulcia, omnia jurulenta, mustum, atque etiam
omnia, quæque inflare consueverunt : item thy id vinum, cui nihil adhuc ætatis accessit : ex
mum, nepeta,
lapathum, satureia,
lapsana, hyssopum,Exnasturtium,
juglandes. his autem oleribns, allium,
dices, excepto cepa, brassica,
sisere omnesque ra
et pastinaca, bulbi, ficus
intelligi potest, non, quidquid boni succi est, etiam aridæ, sed magis virides, uvæ recentes,
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 135

caseus, deinde quidquid aliquis assumsit subcrudum. Minima inflatio

cheese, then whatever aperson has taken crudish. The least flatulence
fit ex venatione, aucupio, piscibus, pomis, oleis,
arises from game, wildfowl (birds killed by hunting), fishes, apples, olives,
conchyliis, ovis, vel mollibus vel sorbilibus, vetere vino. Vero
small shell-fish, eggs, either soft or poached, old wine. But
feniculum et anethum etiam levant inflationes.
fennel and dill even relieve flatulencies.

CAP. XXVII.
CHAP. XXVII.

Calefacientes et refrigerantes Cibi.

Heating and cooling Foods.
At piper, sal, omnis caro jurulenta, allium, cepa,
But pepper, salt, all (kinds of) meat stewed in broth, garlic, onion,
arida ficus, salsamentum, calefaciunt, et vinum, quo meracius est, eo
dried fig, saltfish, heat, and wine, the purer it is, the
magis calefacit. Olera, caules quorum assumuntur crudi,
more Vegetables, the stalks ofwhich are taken crude
ut intubus et lactuca, refrigerant ; item
(raw, without boiling), as endive and lettuce , cool ; likewise
coriandrum, cucumis, elixa cucurbita, beta, mora, cerasa, austera
coriander, cucumber, boiled gourd, beet, mulberrie s, cherries, austere
mala, fragilia pira, elixa caro, que præcipue acetum, sive cibus,
apples, mealy pears, boiled flesh, and especially vinegar, whether food,
sive potio, assumitur ex eo (sc. aceto).
or drink, is taken out of(with) it.

CAP. XXVIII.
CHAP. XXVIII.

Cibi facile corrupti.

Foods easily corrupted.
Autem fermentatus panis, et quisquis alius quam qui est
But fermented bread, and whatsoever other than (that which is

nuces
nisqueomnes,
casens,exceptis nucleisdeinde
quidquid pineis,subcrudum
lac, om allium, cepa, ficus arida, salsamentum, vinum,
et quo meracius est, eo magis. Refrigerant
aliquis assumsit. Minima inflatio fit ex vena olera, quorum crudi caules assumuntur, ut in
tione, aucupio, piscibus, pomis, oleis, conchiliis, tubus, et lactuca; item coriandrum, cucumis,
ovis vel mollibus vel sorbilibus, vino vetere. elixa cucurbita, beta, mora, cerasa, mala aus
Feniculum vero, et anethum, inflationes etiam
levant. tera, pira fragilia, caro elixa, præcipueque
acetum, sive cibus ex eo, sive potio assumitur.
XXVII.-Cibi calefacientes et refrigerantes. XXVIII.-Cibi facile corrupti.- FACILE autem
AT calefaciunt, piper, sal, caro omnisjurulenta, iutus corrumpuntur, panis fermentatus, et
136 A. CORN. CELSI
ex tritico, lac, mel, facile corrumpuntur intus ;
(made) from wheat, milk, honey, are easily corrupted within ;
que ideo etiam lactentia, atque omne pistorium opus;
and therefore also sucking animals, and all (kinds of) pastry ;
teneri pisces, ostrea, olera, caseus et recens et vetus, crassa
tender fishes, the oyster, vegetables, cheese both fresh and old, thick
et tenera caro, dulce vinum, mulsum, defrutum , passum ;
(coarse) and tender flesh, sweet wine, honeyed wine, boiled must, raisin wine ;
deinde quidquid est vel jurulentum , vel nimis dulce, vel nimis
then whatever is either stewed in broth, or too sweet, or too
tenue. At panis sc. paratus sine fermento, aves et eæ
thin. But bread made without fermentation, birds and those
potius duriores, duri pisces minime vitiantur intus ; neque solum
rather harder, hard fishes are not at all corrupted within ; nor only
aurata puta, aut scarus, sed etiam lolligo, locusta,
the spar-fish for instance, or scarus, but even the cuttle-fish, lobster,
polypus : etiam bubula, que omnis dura caro ; que eadem est
polypus : likewise beef, and all hard flesh ; and the same is
aptior si est macra si salsa ; que omnia salsamenta ;
fitter (preferable) if it is lean if salt ; and all (kind of) salt fish;
cochleæ, murices, purpuræ, vinum austerum vel resinatum .
snails, purple fishes, branchy murices, wine rough or resined.

CAP. XXIX .
CHAP. XXIX.

Cibi moventes Alvum.

Foods moving the Belly.
At fermentatus panis, que magis si est cibarius vel hordeaceus ;
But fermented bread, and more if it is household or barley;
brassica, si est subcruda , lactuca, anethum, nasturtium,
cabbage, if it is crudish (imperfectly boiled), lettuce, dill, water-cresses,
ocimum, urtica, portulaca, radicula, capparis, allium, cepa, malva,
basil royal, nettle, purslain, horse-radish, capers, garlic, onion, mallow,
lapathum, beta, asparagus, cucurbita, cerasa, mora, omnia mitia
burdock, beet, asparagus, gourd, cherries, mulberries, all mild
poma, ficus etiam arida, sed viridis magis, recentes uvæ,
apples, thefig even dry, but the green more, fresh grapes,

quisquis alius quam ex tritico est, lac, mel ; aptior est, si macra, si salsa est ; omniaque
ideoque etiam lactentia atque omne pistorium salsamenta
num ; cochleæ,
austerum, murices, purpuræ ; vi
vel resinatum.
opus ; teneri pisces, ostrea, olera, caseus et
recens et vetus, crassa vel tenera caro, vinum
dulce mulsum, defrutum, passum; quidquid CAP.XXIX.-Cibi Alvum moventes.—AT alvum
deinde vel jurulentum est, vel nimis dulce, vel movent, panis fermentatus, magisque si ciba
nimis tenue. At minime intus vitiantur, panis rius vel hordeaceus est ; brassica, si subcruda
sine fermento, aves, et eæ potius duriores, est, lactuca, anethum, nasturtium , ocimum,
duri pisces ; neque solum aurata puta, aut urtica, portulaca, radicula, capparis, allium,
scarus, sed etiam lolligo, locusta, polypus : cepa, malva, lapathum, beta, asparagus, cu
item bubula, omnisque dura caro ; eademque curbita, cerasa, mora, poma omnia mitia,
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 137
pingues minutæ aves, cochleæ, garum , salsamentum, ostrea,
fat small birds, snails, fish sauce, salt fish, the oyster,
pelorides, echini, musculi, et fere omnes
gaping cockles, sea hedgehogs, muscles, and almost all (kinds of)
conchulæ, que maxime jus earum (conchularum) movent
small shell-fish, and especially the broth of them move (relax)
alvum ; saxatiles, et omnes teneri pisces, atramentum
the belly (also) ; rock, and all tender fishes, the ink (blood)
sepiarum ; qua caro si assumitur pinguis, eadem (sc. caro)
of cuttle-fish ; any flesh if it is taken fat, the same
vel jurulenta, vel elixa; aves quæ natant , crudum mel,
either stewed, or boiled: birds which swim (water-fowl), crude honey,
lac, omnia lactentia mulsum, dulce vel salsum
milk, all sucking (sc. animalia,) honeyed wine, sweet or salt
vinum, aqua, omnia tenera, dulcia, pinguia, elixa, jurulenta, salsa,
wine, water, all tender, sweet, fat, boiled, stewed, salt,
diluta.
diluted things.

CAP. XXX
CHAP. XXX.
Cibi adstringentes Alvum.
Foods astringing the Belly.

Contra, panis ex siligine, vel ex similâ ; que magis

Onthe other hand, bread of the finest flour, or of fine flour ; and more
si est sine fermento ; etiam magis si est ustus,
if it is without fermentation (unleavened) ; still more if it is scorched
adstringunt (sc. alvum) ; que vis (sc. adstringens ) ejûs
(toasted), bind it; and the power ofit
(sc. panis usti) etiam intenditur, si coquitur bis; pulticula, vel ex
even is increased, if it is baked twice ; pottage, either from
alicâ, vel ex panico, vel ex milio ; que item
rounded maize, or from panic, or from millet ; and likewise
sorbitio ex iisdem ; et magis si hæc fricta sunt antea:
gruel from the same ; and more if these things have been toasted previously:
lenticula, cui vel beta, vel intubus, vel ambubeia, vel plantago
lentil, to which either beet, or endive, or succory, 01 plaintain

sed magis viridis, uvæ recentes, pingues mi CAP. XXX.-Cibi Alvum adstringentes.-CON
nutæ aves, cochleæ, garum, salsamentum, TRA adstringunt, panis ex siligine, vel ex
ostrea, pelorides, echini, musculi, et omnes simila ; magis, si sine fermento est ; magis
fere conchulæ, maximeque jus earum ; saxa etiam si ustus est ; intenditurque ejus etiam,
tiles, et omnes teneri pisces, sepiarum atra- si bis coquitur : pulticula vel exvisalica, vel ex
mentum ; si qua caro assumitur pinguis, panico, vel ex milio ; itemque ex iisdem sor
eadem vel jurulenta, vel elixa ; aves, quæ na- bitio ; et magis, si hæc antea fricta sunt : len
mul-
omnia,tenera ticula, eni vel beta, vel intubus, vel ambubeia,
dulce lac,
tant lactentiaaqua,
sum,; vinum
mel crudum, vel salsum, vel plantago adjecta est ; magisque etiam, si
omnia, tepida, dulcia, pinguia, elixa, juru- illa ante fricta est : per se etiam intubus, vel
lenta, salsa, diluta. ex plantagine, vel ambubeia fricta : minuta
138 A. CORN. CELSI
adjecta est ; que etiam magis, si illa fricta est ante :
has been added ; and still more, if it has been roasted before:
etiam vel intubus per se, vel ambubeia fricta ex plantagine :
also either endive by itself, or succory roasted with plaintain:
minuta olera, brassica bis decocta : dura ova, que
small pot-herbs (greens) , cabbage twice boiled: hard eggs, and
magis si assa sunt : minutæ aves, merula, palumbus, que
more so if they have been roasted : small birds, the thrush, ring-dove, and
magis si decoctus est in poscâ; grus, omnes
more if it has been boiled in vinegar and water ; the crane, all
aves quæ currunt magis quam volant ; lepus, caprea ;
birds which run rather than fly; the hare, chamois goat ;
jecur ex iis quæ habent sevum, que maxime bubulum
the liver of those which have suet, and especially beef liver,
(sc. jecur), ac sevum ipsum : caseus, qui fit vehementior
and suet itself: cheese, which becomes stronger
vetustate, vel eâ mutatione, quam videmus in eo
by age, or by that change, which we see in that
transmarino ; aut si est recens, decoctus ex melle
from beyond the sea (foreign) ; or if itis fresh (new), boiled with honey
ve mulso : item coctum mel, immatura pira, sorba,
or honeyed wine : also boiled honey, unripe pears, sorb apples (service berries),
que magis ea quæ vocantur torminalia ; Cotonia mala,
and more those which are called producing tormina ; Quinces,
et Punica, oleæ vel albæ vel permaturæ, myrta,
and Pomegranates, olives either white or very ripe, myrtle berries,
palmulæ, purpuræ, murices, vinum resina tum vel asperum ,
dates, branchy murices, purplefishes, . wine resined or rough,
item meracum acetum, mulsum quod inferbuit, item
also undiluted vinegar, honeyed wine which has boiled, likewise
defrutum , passum , aqua vel tepida vel præfrigida, dura,
boiled must, raisin wine, water either tepid or very cold, hard,
id est ea quæ putrescit tarde, que ideo pluvia
that is that which becomes putrid slowly, and consequently rain
sc. aqua potissimum : omnia dura, macra, austera, aspera, tosta,
water especially : all things hard, lean, austere, rough, toasted ,
et in eâdem carne assa (sc. caro) potius quam elixa.
and in the same flesh roasted rather than boiled.

olera, brassica bis decocta : dura ova, magis quæ torminalia vocantur, mala Cotonea, et
que si assa sunt : minutæ aves, merula, palum Punica, oleæ vel albæ vel permaturæ , myrta,
bus, magisque si in posca decoctus est ; grus, palmulæ, purpuræ, murices, vinum resinatum
omnes aves, quæ magis currunt, quam volant ; vel asperum, item meracum, acetum, mulsum
lepus, caprea ; jecur ex iis, quæ sevum habent, quod inferbuit, item defrutum, passum, aqua
maximeque bubulum, ac sevum ipsum : caseus, vel tepida vel præfrigida, dura, id est ea, quæ
qui vehementior vetustate fit, vel ea mutatione, tarde putrescit, ideoque pluvia potissimum :
quam in eo transmarino videmus ; aut si re omnia dura, macra, austera, aspera, tosta, et
cens est, ex melle, mulsove decoctus : item mel in eadem carne, assa potius, quam elixa.
coctum, pira immatura, sorba, magisque ea,
 *

MEDICINE LIB. II. 139

CAP. XXXI.
CHAP. XXXI.

Cibi moventes Urinam.

Foods moving the Urine.

Autem quæcunque nascentia in horto sunt boni odoris,

But whatever things growing in agarden are of good odour,
movent urinam, ut apium, ruta, anethum, ocimum, mentha, hyssopum,
excite the urine, as parsley, rue, dill, basil royal, mint, hyssop,
anisum , coriandrum , nasturtium eruca, feniculum : præter hæc,
anise, coriander, water-cress, rocket (basil) , fennel: besides these,
asparagus, capparis, nepeta, thymum, satureia, lapsana, pastinaca,
asparagus, capers, cat-mint, thyme, satyrion, dock-cress, parsnip,
que magis agrestis, radicula, siser, cepa ; ex venatione
and more the wild (species), horse-radish, carrot, onion ; of game
lepus maxime ; tenue vinum, piper et rotundum et longum,
the hare most of all; light wine, pepper both round and long,
sinapi, absinthium, pinei nuclei.
mustard, uwormuwood, pine nuts.

CAP. XXXII.
CHAP. XXXII.
%
Cibi faventes Somno.
Foods favouring Sleep.
Vero papaver est aptum somno, lactuca, que maxime æstiva,
But poppy is fit for sleep, lettuce, and especially the summer one,
cauliculus cujus est jam repletus lacte, morum , porrum .
the stalk of which is now filled with milk, the mulberry, leek.
Nepeta, thymum, satureia, hyssopum, que præcipue pulegium , ruta
Cat-mint, thyme, satyrion, hyssop, and especially penny royal, rue
et cepa, excitant sensus.
and onion, excite the senses.

CAP. XXXI.- Cibi Urinam moventes.-URINAM lepns ; vinum tenue, piper et rotundum et lon
autem movent, quæcunque in horto nascentia gum, sinapi, absinthium, nuclei pinei.
boni odoris sunt, ut apium, ruta, anethnm , XXXII.-Cibi Somno faventes. SOMNO vero
ocimum, mentha, hyssopum, anisum, corian- aptum est papaver, lactuca, maximeque æstiva,
drum, nasturtium, eruca, feniculum : præter cujus cauliculus jam lacte repletus est, morum,
hæc, asparagus, capparís, nepeta, thymum, porrum. Sensus excitant, nepeta, thymum,
satureia,lapsana, pastínaca, magisque agrestis, satureia, hyssopum, præcipueque pulegium,
radicula, siser, cepa ; ex venatione, maxime ruta, et cepa.
140 A. CORN. CELSI

CAP. XXXIII.
CHAP. XXXIII.

Cibi attenuantes Corpus.

Foods attenuating the Body.

Vero admodum multa possunt evocare materiam : sed

But very many things are able to call (draw) out matter : but
differam ea in præsentia, cum ea constent maxime
I shall defer them for the present, since they consist mostly
ex peregrinis medicamentis , que opitulentur aliis magis quam
of foreign medicines, and relieve others more than
opitulentur ils quibus succurritur (impersonal iter ratione
those whom it is assisted we assist by means
victus: vero ponam ea, quæ promta
of diet : but I shall lay down (mention) those, which ready (at hand)
et apta iis morbis de quibus sum protinus
and fitted for those diseases of which I am immediately (about)
dicturus, erodunt corpus, et sic extrahunt eo (sc. corpore)
to speak, erode the body, and thus draw out of it
quod mali est sc. in eo. Vero semina eruca,
what (of) mischief (there) is in it.. But the seeds ofbasil,
nasturtii, radiculæ, habent hanc facultatem ; que
of water-cress, ofhorse-radish, have this faculty (property) ; and
præcipue -omnium, tamen, sinapi. Eadem vis quoque est
above all, however, of mustard. The same power also is
salis et fici.
(belongs to) (of)salt and fig.
Vero succida lana ex aceto, vel vino cui oleum
But juicy wool with vinegar, or wine to which oil
adjectum est ; contritæ palmulæ, furfures decocti in salsâ
has been added; bruised dates, bran boiled in salt
aquâ vel aceto, simul et reprimunt leniter et
water or vinegar, at the same time both restringe gently and
molliunt. At herba muralis, appellant παρθένιον vel
soften. But the herb wall-wort, they call (it) parthenion or
περδίκιον , serpyllum, pulegium, ocimum , herba sanguinalis,
perdikion, thyme, penny royal, basil royal, the herb knot-grass
quam Græci vocant πολύγονον (polygonum aviculare ),
(blood-wort), which the Greeks call polugonon,

CAP. XXXIII.-Cibi Corpus attenuantes. -Evo | tamen ominum, sinapi. Salis quoque et fici
CARE vero materiam multa admodum possunt : eadem vis est.
sed ea, cum ex peregrinis medicamentis maxi Leniter vero simul et reprimunt et molliunt,
me constent, aliisque magis, quam quibus, ra lana succida ex aceto vel vino, cui oleum ad
tione victus succurritur, opitulentur, in præ jectum est ; contrite palmulæ, furfures in salsa
sentia differam : ponam vero ea, quæ promta, aqua vel aceto decocti. At simul reprimunt et
et iis morbis,
apta, de quibusetprotinus
corpus erodunt, dicturus
sic eo,hanc
quod malisum,
est, refrigerant, herba muralis, raptivov vel wspóímsov
appellant, serpyllum, pulegium, ocimum,
extrahunt. Habent autem facultatem, sanguinalis, quam Græci woλéyover vocant,herba
por
semina erucæ, nasturtii, radicula ; præcipue tulaca, papaveris folia, capreolique vitium
 MEDICINE LIB. II. 141
"
portulaca, folia papaveris, que capreoli vitium , folia
purslain, the leaves ofthe poppy, and the tendrils of vines, the leaves
coriandri, hyoscyamus, muscus, siser, apium, solanum,
ofcoriander, henbane, mo88, parsnip (carrot), parsley, nightshade,
quam Græci vocant στρύχνον (strychnos ), folia brassica,
which the Greeks call struchnon, the leaves of the cabbage, .
intubus, plantago, semen feniculi, contrita pira vel mala ,
endive, plaintain, the seed ofthefennel, bruized pears or apples ,
que pracipue cotonea, lenticula, frigida aqua, que maxime
and especially quinces, lentil, cold water, and especially
pluvialis, vinum, acetum, et vel panis madens alique
rain (water), wine, vinegar, and either bread wet with some
horum vel farina, vel spongia, vel cinis
ofthese or meal, or a sponge, or ashes (zinci oxydum,)
ofzinc,
vel succida lana, vel etiam linteolum (sc. madens aliquo hɔrum),
or juicy wool, or even linen cloth,
Cimolia creta, gypsum, melinum , myrteum ,
Cimolian earth (argil), plaster of Paris, quince ointment, myrtle ointment,
rosa, acerbum oleum, folia verbenarum contusa cum
rose oil, bitter oil, the leaves of vervains beaten with
teneris caulibus, simul reprimunt et refrigerant ; cujus
the tender stalks, at the same time restringe and cool; of which
generis sunt olea, cupressus, myrtus, lentiscus
(ofthe same) description are the olive, cypress, myrtle, lentiscus
tamarix , ligustrum , rosa, rubus, laurus,
( pista vat masti ck,) tamarisk, privet, rose, bramble, laurel,
hedera, Punicum malum. Autem cocta cotonea mala, malicorium ,
ivy, pomegranate. But boiled quinces, pomegranate bark,
calida aqua, in quâ verbenæ coctæ sunt , quas
warm water, in which vervains have been boiled, which
posui supra, pulvis vel ex fæce vini ,
I have mentioned above, the powder either from the lees of wine,
vel ex foliis myrti, amaræ nuces, reprimunt sine
or from the leaves of myrtle, bitter walnuts, restringe without
frigore. Vero cataplasma ex quâlibet farinâ calefacit, sive
cold. But a cataplasm of any meal heats, whether
ex (farinâ) tritici, sive ex farris, sive hordei,
ofthat ofwheat or from (that) ofspelt oats, or ofbarley,
sive ervi, vel lolii, vel milii, vel panici, vel lenticulæ,
or vetch, or darnel, or millet, Or panic, 01 lentil,
vel fabæ, vel lupini, vel lini, vel fœni-Græci, ubi
or ofthe bean, or lupine, 07 flax plant, or feni-Greek, when

coriandri folia, hyoscyamum (mus ?), muscus, | olea, cupressus, myrtus, lentiscus, tamarix,
siser, apium, solanum,
cant, brassica quam plantago,
folia, intubus, orpoxvov Græci vo-
feniculi ligustrum,
cum malum.rosa,Sine
rubus, laurus,
frigore autemhedera, Puni
reprimunt,
semen, contrita pira vel mala, præcipueque co- cocta mala cotonea, malicorium, aqua calida,
tonea, lenticula, aqua frigida, maximeque in qua verbena coctæ sunt, quas supra posui,
pluvialis,
dens vinum ,vel
vel panis, acetum,
farina,et horum aliquo ma-
vel spongia, vel pulvis nuces.
amar vel ex fæce vini, vero,
Calefacit vel exexmyrti foliis,
qualibet fa
cinis, vel lana succida, vel etiam linteolum, rina cataplasma, sive ex triciti, sive ex farris,
creta Cimolia, gypsum, melinum, myrteum, sive hordei, sive ervi, vel lolii, vel milii, vel
rosa, acerbam oleum, verbenarum contusa panici, vel lenticulæ , vel fabæ, vel lupini, vel
cum teneris caulibus folia ; cujus generis sunt | lini, vel fœni Græci, ubi ea deferbuis, calida
142 A. CORN. CELSI
ea (sc. farina) deferbuit, que est imposita
it has boiled (also signifies has cooled), and is put on (applied)
calida. Tamen omnis farina cocta ex mulso est
warm . However every (kind of) meal boiled in honied wine is
valentior ad id, quam quæ cocta ex aquâ. Præterea
more powerful for that, than that boiled) in water. Besides these
cyprinum, irinum, medulla, adeps ex fele, oleum,
cypruss oil, iris ointment, marrow , thefat from a cat, oil,
que magis si est vetus, que sal juncta?
and more (so) if it is old, and salt joined
junctum vel junctus ? aliter male concordant, oleo, nitrum
it is pointed wrong, or there is an error in the text, with oil, natron
sodæ carbonas gith, piper, quinquefolium . Que
carbonate of soda) fennelflower, pepper, cinquefoil. And (those things)
quæ et reprimunt et refrigerant vehementer, fere
which both restringe and cool violently, for the most part
durant ; quæ calefaciunt, digerunt et emolliunt : que
harden ; those which heat, dissipate and soften: and
cataplasma ex semine lini, vel fœni-Græci,
a cataplasm from (of) the seed oftheflax plant, or feni-Greek,
præcipue potest ad emolliendum . Autem medici
especially isable (is especially powerful) to soften. But physicians
utuntur omnibus his varie, et simplicibus et permixtis ;
use all these variously, both simple and intermixed
ut quid, quisque persu aseri t sibi,
(mixed together) ; 80 that what, each persuaded himselfto,
appareat, magis quam quid quisque) evidenter
appears, rather than what each evidently
compererit.
found out (discovered useful).

que imposita est. Valentior tamen ad id om et emolliunt : præcipueque ad emolliendum

nis farina est ex mulso, quam ex aqua cocta. potest cataplasma ex lini vel fœni Græci se
Præterea cyprinum, irinum, medulla, adeps ex mine. His autem omnibus, et simplicibus, et
fele, oleum, magisque si vetus est, junctaque permixtis, varie medici utuntur ; ut magis,
oleo sal, nitrum, gith, piper, quinquefolium. quid quisque persuaserit sibi, appareat, quam
Fereque, quæ vehementer et reprimunt et re quid evidenter compererit.
frigerant, durant ; quæ calefacíunt, digerunt
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 143

LIBER TERTIUS .
BOOK THE THIRD.

DIETETICA CURATIO GENERALIUM MORBORUM.

THE DIETETIC CURE OF GENERAL DISEASES.

CAP. I.
CHAP. I.

Genera Morborum.
The Kinds of Diseases.

Omnibus provisis quæ pertinent ad universa genera morborum,

All things being considered which pertain to the general kinds of diseases,
veniam ad curationes singulorum. Autem Græci diviserunt
I shall come to the cures of the individual ones. But the Greeks have divided
hos (sc. morbos) in duas species ; que dixerunt alios ex his esse
them into two kinds ; and have said that some of them were
acutos, alios longos; que ideo, quoniam non semper
acute, others chronic; and therefore, for as much as they did not always
respondebant eodem modo, alii retulerunt eosdem inter
fall out in the same manner, some have classed the same amongst
acutos, alii inter longos. Ex quo est manifestum
the acute, others amongst the chronic. From which it is evident
esse plura genera eorum. Enim quidam sunt breves
that there are several kinds (varieties) of them. For some are short
que acuti, qui vel cito tollunt hominem , vel ipsi
and acute, which either quickly carry of a person, or themselves
cito finiuntur ; quidam longi, sub quibus neque sanitas
are soon terminated ; some chronic, under which neither health (recovery)
neque exitium est in propinquo ; que est tertium genus eorum,
nor death is at hand ; and there is a third kind ofthem ,
qui sunt modo acuti, modo longi ; que id fit non
which are at one time acute, at another chronic ; and that happens not

LIBER TERTIUS.-Morborum
tio diætetica. generalium Cura- | inter
respondebant, eosdem alii inter acutos, alii
longos retulerunt. Ex quo, plura eorum
genera esse, manifestum est. Quidam enim
CAP. I.-Morborum genera.-PROVISIS omni breves acutique sunt, qui cito vel tollunt ho
bus, quæ pertinent ad universa genera morbo minem, vel ipsi cito finiuntur : quidam longi,
rum, ad singulorum curationes veniam. Hos sub quibus neque sanitas in propinquo, neque
autemin duas species Græci diviserunt ; alios exitium est; tertiumque genus eorum est, qui
que ex his acutos, alios longos esse dixerunt : modo acuti, modo longi sunt ; idque non in
ideoque, quoniam non semper eodem modo febribus tantummodo, in quibus frequentissi
144 A. CORN. CELSI
tantummodo in febribus, in quibus est frequentissimum, sed quoque
only in fevers, in which it is mostfrequent, but also
in aliis. Atque est præter hos etiam quartum genus, quod
in others. And there is besides these even afourth kind, which
potest neque dici acutum , quia non perimit ; neque
can neither be called acute, because it does not kill; nor
utique longum, quia si occurritur, facile sanatur. Ego,
certainly chronic, because if it is treated, it is easily cured. I,
cum dicam de singulis, indicabo cujus generis quisque
when I shall speak of each, will point out of what kind each one
(sc. morbus) sit. Autem dividam omnes in eos qui videntur
is. But I shall divide all into those which seem
consistere in totis corporibus, et eos qui oriuntur
to prevail throughout the entire body, and those which arise
in partibus. Incipiam a prioribus, præfatus pauca
in parts. I shall begin from the former, having prefaced a few things
de omnibus . ln nullo morbo quidem potest fortuna
concerning all. In no disease indeed can fortune
vindicare minus sibi quam ars; utpote cum naturâ repugnante,
claim less for herself than art ; in as much as nature opposing,
medicina proficiat nihil. Tamen ignoscendum est magis
medicine can benefit nothing. Nevertheless we ought to pardon rather
medio proficienti parum in acutis quam in longis morbis.
the physician helping little in acute than in chronic diseases.
Enim hic est breve spatium, intra quod, si auxilium
For here is a short time, within which, if the remedy
non profuit , æger extinguitur : ibi tempus
has not been of service, the patient is killed : there (in the chronic case) time
patet et deliberationi et mutationi remediorum ; adeo ut
lies open both for deliberation and for change ofremedies ; 80 that
si medicus accessit inter initia, obsequens æger
if the physician has come to him at the commencement, the obedient patient
raro pereat sine vitio illiûs (sc. medici) . Tamen longus
can seldom perish without thefault ofthe former. Nevertheless a chronic
morbus cum penitus insedit, quod pertinet ad difficultatem,
disease when it has thoroughly taken root, (so far) as relates to the danger,
est par acuto. Et acutus quidem, quo vetustior,
is equal to an acute. And the acute disease indeed, the older,
autem longus quo recentior est, eo facilius curatur.
but the chronic the more recent it is, the more easily is it cured.
Non oportet illud alterum ignorari ; quod eadem auxilia
It is not expedient that this other thing be unknown ; that the same remedies

etiam,
mum est, sed in aliis quoque fit. Atqueacutum Magis tamen ignoscendum medico est parum
præter hos, quartum est, quod neque proficienti in acutis morbis, quam in longis.
dici potest, quia non perimit ; neque utique Hic enim breve spatium est, intra quod, si
Jongum, quia, si occurritur, facile sanatur. extinguitur : ibi
auxilium non profuit, æger remediorum
Ego, cum de singulis dicam, cujus quisque et deliberationi, et mutationi tem
generis sit, indicabo. Dividam autem omnes pus patet ; adeo ut raro, si inter initia medicus
consistere vi
in eos, qui in totis corporibus partibus. accessit, obsequens æger sine illius vitio pe
dentur, et eos, qui oriuntur in In reat. Longus tamen morbus cum penitus inse
cipiam a prioribus, pauca de omnibus præ dit,quod ad difficultatem pertinet, acuto parest.
fatus. In nullo quidem morbo minus fortuna Et acutus quidem, quo vetustior est ; longus au
sibi vindicare, quam ars, potest; utpote cum, tem, quo recentior, eo facilins curatur. Alterum
repugnante natura, nihil medicina proficiat. illud ignorari non oportet, quod non omnibus
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 145
non conveniunt omnibus ægris. Ex quo incidit,
do not suit all (kinds of) sick persons. From which it happens,
ut summi auctores vindicaverint alia atque alia sc. auxilia
that the greatest authors have defended some and others different remedies)
quasi sola, prout cesserant cuique. Oportet
as if theonly ones, according as they had fallen out to each. It is expedient
itaque, ubi ali non respondet, non putare auctorem
therefore, when any thing does not answer, not to think the author
tanti quanti ægrum , et experiri aliud atque aliud :
ofso great value as the patient, and to try another and another:
sic tamen ut in acutis morbis quod prodest nihil, mutetur
SO however that in acute diseases what avails nothing, be changed
cito : in longis, quos ut tempus facit sic solvit,
quickly: in chronic, which as time causes 80 it resolves them,
si quid non statim profuit non statim
if any thing has not immediately benefited it be not forthwith
condemnetur; vero si quid juvat saltem paulum minus
condemned; but if any thing relieves at least in a slight degree much less
removeatur, quía profectus expletur tempore.
should it be laid aside, because the advantage is perfected by time.

CAP. II.
CHAP. II.
Cognitio Morborum.
The Knowledge ( Diagnostics) of Diseases.
Autem protinus inter initia est facile scire, quis
But immediately at the commencement it is easy to know , what
morbus sit acutus, quis longus; non solum in iis in quibus
disease is acute, what chronic ; not only in those in which
semper habet se ita ; sed in iis quoque in quibus variat.
italways has itself 80; but in those also in which it varies.
Nam ubi accessiones et . graves dolores urgent sine intermissionibus,
For when the accessions and severe pains oppress without intermissions,
morbus est acutus : ubi dolores sunt lenti, ve febres lentæ,
the disease is acute : when the pains are dull, or the fevers slow,
et spatia inter accessiones porriguntur, que
(lingering), and the times (intervals) between the accessions are prolonged, and
ea signa, quæ exposita sunt in superiore volumine accedunt,
those symptoms, which have been set forth in the former book come on,

ægris eadem auxilia conveniunt. Ex quo in CAP. II.-Morborum Cognitio.-PROTINUS au

cidit, ut alia atque alia summi auctores, quasi tem inter initia scire facile est, quis acutus
sola, vindicaverint, prout cuique cesserant. morbus, quis longus sit : non in iis solum, in
Oportet itaque, ubi aliquid non respondet, non quibus semper
in quibus ita seNam
variat. habet
ubi; sine in iis quoque,
sed intermissioni
tanti putare auctorem, quanti ægrum, et ex bus accessiones et dolores graves urgent,
periri aliud atque aliud : sic tamen, ut in acu
tis morbis cito mutetur, quod nihil prodest; acutus morbus est : ubi lenti dolores, lenteve
in longis, quos tempus, ut facit, sic etiam sol febres sunt, et spatia inter accessiones por
vit, non statim condemnetur, si quid non sta riguntur, acceduntque ea signa, quæ in priore
tim profuit ; minus vero removeatur, si quid volumine exposita est.
esse, manifestum sunt, longumhuncfuturum
Videndum etiam est,
paulum saltem juvat ; quia profectus tempore morbus an increscat, an consistat, an minua
expletur.
H
 146 A. CORN. CELSI 7
est manifestum hunc futurum esse longum. Est etiam
it is manifest that this disease willbecome chronic. We must also
videndum , an morbus increscat an consistat, an minuatur :
observe, whether the disease is increasing or is stationary, or is abated:
quia quædam remedia conveniunt increscentibus morbis, plura
because certain remedies are suitable for increasing diseases, many
inclinatis; que ea quæ sunt apta increscentibus,
for declining ones ; and those things which are fitted for increasing diseases,
ubi acutus increscens urget, sunt. experienda potius in
when an acute increasing one oppresses, are to be tried rather in
remissionibus. Autem morbus increscit dum dolores
the remissions. But the disease is increasing whilst the pains
que accessi ones veniunt graviores, que hæ et revertuntur
and accessions are coming on more severe (ly), and the latter both return
ante quam proximæ, et desinunt postea. Atque quoque
earlier than the preceding, and end after them (last longer). And also
in longis morbis, non habentibus etiam tales notas, licet (nobis)
in chronic diseases, not having even such symptoms, we may
scire increscere, si somnus est incertus, si concoctio
know that they are increasing, if the sleep is uncertain, if the digestion
deterior, si dejectiones fœdiores, si sensus tardior, si
worse, if the stools morefilthy, if the sensation more obtuse,
mens pigrior, si frigus aut calor percurrit corpus,
the mind more sluggish, if (a sense of) cold or heat runs through the body,
si id magis pallet. Vero ea quæ sunt contraria
if that is more pale. But those things which are contrary
his, sunt notæ ejûs decedentis. Præter hæc in acutis
to these, are the marks ofit going off. Moreover in acute
morbis æger est alendus serius, nec nisi jam
diseases thepatient is to be nourished later, nor except they being already
inclinatis ; ut materia demta primo frangat
declined ; that the matter taken away in the beginning may break
impetum ; in longis maturius, ut possit sustinere spatium
the violence ; in chronic earlier, that he may be able to sustain the duration
mali affecturi. Ac si quando is (sc. morbus)
ofthe malady about to affect him. And if at any time it
est non in toto corpore, sed in parte ; tamen pertinet I
is not in the whole body, but in a part ; nevertheless it serves
magis ad rem , vim totiùs corporis moliri,
more to the purpose, that the strength ofthe whole body bepromoted,
quam (ut) ægræ partes proprie sanentur. Etiam multum
than that the diseased parts be specifically treated . Also it much

tur: quia quædam remedia increscentibus mor gus aut calor, si id magis pallet. Ea vero,
bis, plura inclinatis conveniunt ; eaque, quæ quæ contraria his sunt, decedentis ejus notæ
crescentibus apta sunt, ubi acutus increscens sunt. Præter hæc in acutis morbis serius
urget, in remissionibus potius experienda æger alendus est, nec nisi jam inclinatis ; ut
sunt. Increscit autem morbus, dum graviores primo demta materia impetum frangat : in
dolores, accessionesque veniunt ; hæque et longis maturius, ut sustinere spatium affecturi
ante, proximæ,
quam Atque revertuntur, postea
quoqueetmorbis, mali possit. Ac si quando is non in toto cor
desinunt. in longis pore, sed in parte est ; magis tamen ad rem
etiam tales notas non habentibus, scire licet, pertinet, vim totius corporis moliri, quam
increscere, si somnus incertus est, si deterior proprie partes ægræ sanentur. Multum etiam
concoctio, si fœdiores dejectiones, si tardior interest, ab initio quis recte curatus sit, an
sensus, si pigrior mens, si percurrit corpus fri perperam ; quia curatio minus iis prodest, ir

I
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 147
interest quis curatus sit recte ab initio, an
imports whether a person has been treated roperty from the beginning, or
perperam ; quia curatio minus prodest iis in quibus
wrongly; because treatment is less serviceable to those in whom
fuit assidue frustra. Si quis temere habitus,
it has been (applied) constantly in vain. If any one improperly treated,
vivit viribus adhuc integris, curatione admotâ,
lives with his strength still unimpaired, proper treament being applied,
restituitur momento.
he is restored on the moment (immediately) .
Sed cum cœperim ab iis (sc. signis) quæ exhibent quasdam
But since Ibegan from (with) those (symptoms) which present certain
notas adversæ valetudinis futuræ, faciam principium
marks ofill health about to happen, I shall make the beginning
curationum quoque ab animadversione ejusdem temporis.
of(the methods of) cure also from a consideration ofthe same time.
Igitur si quid ex iis quæ proposita sunt incidit,
Therefore if any of those symptoms which have been setforth happens,
quies et abstinentia sunt optima omnium ; si quid
rest and abstinence are the best ofall; if any thing (est) is
bibendum, aqua ; que interdum est satis id fieri
to be drank, water ; and sometimes it is sufficient that that be done
uno die ; interdum , si terrentia sc. signa manent,
for a single day ; sometimes, if the alarming symptoms continue,
biduo ; que proxime abstinentiam exiguus cibus est sumendus,
for two days ; and next after abstinence a little food is to be taken,
aqua bibenda ; postero die etiam vinum ; deinde invicem
water to be drank ; on the following day even wine ; then by turns
alternis diebus, modo aqua , modo vinum, donec omnis
on alternate days, sometimes water, sometimes wine, until all
metus causæ finiatur. Enim per hæc sæpe gravis instans
fear ofthe cause be ended. For by these things often a severe impending
morbus discutitur. Que plurimi falluntur , dum sperant
disease is shaken off. And many are deceived, whilst they hope that
se protinus sublaturos languorem primo die, aut exercitatione ,
they instantly will remove languor on the first day, either by exercise,
aut balneo, aut coactâ dejectione, aut vomitu, aut
or the bath, or by forced purging, 01 by vomiting, or
sudationibus, aut vino. Non quod id non incidat interdum,
by sweatings, or by wine. Not that it may not happen sometimes,
aut non decipiat ; sed quod sæpius fallat ; que
or may not deceive ; but that it more frequently deceives; and

quibus assidne frustra fuit. Si quis temere proximeque abstinentiam sumendus est cibus
habitus, adhuc integris viribus vivit, admota exiguus, bibenda aqua postero die etiam
curatione momento restituitur. vinum ; deinde invicem ;alternis diebus, modo
Sed cum ab iis cœperim, quæ notas quasdam aqua, modo vinum, donec omnis causæ metus
futuræ adversæ valetudinis exhibent, curatio finiatur. Per hæc enim sæpe instans gravis
num quoque principium ab animadversione morbus discutitur. Plurimique falluntur, dum
ejusdem temporis faciam. Igitur, si quid ex se primo die protinus sublaturos languorem,
iis, quæ proposita sunt, incidit, omnium op aut exercitatione, aut balneo, aut coacta dejec
tima sunt, quies et abstinentia ; si quid biben tione, aut vomitu, aut sudationibus, aut vino
dum, aqua; idque interdum uno die fieri satis sperant. Non quod non interdum id incidat,
est ; interdum, si terrentia manent, biduo : aut nondecipiat; sed quod sæpius fallat, sola
H2
 148 A. CORN. CELSI
abstinentia sola medeatur sine ullo periculo : præsertim cum
abstinence alone cures without any danger: especially since
liceat (nobis) etiam moderari pro modo terroris ; et,
we may even regulate it in the ratio (proportion to) of the dread ; and,
si indicia fuerint leviora, sit satis tantum
if the symptoms have been slighter, it may be sufficient merely
abstinere a vino, quod subtractum adjuvat plus quam si
to abstain from wine, which being withdrawn assists more than if
quid dematur cibo ; si paulo graviora , sit
any thing be taken away from the food ; if a little more severe, it is
facile non tantum bibere aquam, sed etiam substrahere carnem
easy not only to drink water, but also to withdraw meat
cibo ; interdum quoque assumere minus panis quam
from the food ; sometimes also to take less (of)bread than
pro consuetudine, que esse contentum humido cibo, et potissimum
according to custom, and to be contented with moist food, and especially
olere ; que cum vehementes notæ terruerunt, tum
with vegetables ; and when violent signs have alarmed, then
sit satis abstinere ex toto a cibo, a vino, ab
it may be sufficient to abstain entirely from meat, from wine, from
omni motu corporis. Neque est dubium quin vix
all motion (exercise) ofthe body. Nor is it doubtful but that scarcely
quisquam, qui non dissimulavit, sed mature occurrit morbo per
any one, who has not dissembled, but early opposes the disease by
hæc, ægrotet.
these things, can grow sick.

CAP. III.
CHAP. III.

Genera Febrium.
The Kinds of Fevers.
Atque hæc quidem sunt facienda sanis, tantum metuentibus
And these things indeed are to be done by the healthy, only fearing
causam. Vero curatio febrium sequitur, quod est genus
the cause. But the treatment offevers follows, which is a kind
morbi et in toto corpore, et maxime vulgare. Ex his
of disease both in the whole body, and very common. Of these
(febribus) una est quotidiana, altera tertiana, altera quartana ;
one is a quotidian, another a tertian, another a quartan ;

que abstinentia sine ullo periculo medeatur: abstinere, cum vehementes notæ terruerunt.
cum præsertim etiam pro modo terroris mode Neque dubium est, quin vix quisquam, qui non
rari liceat ; et si leviora indicia fuerint, satis dissimulavit, sed per hæc mature morbo oc
sit a vino tantum abstinere, quod subtractum currit, ægrotet.
plus, quam si cibo quid dematur, adjuvat ; si
paulo graviora, facile sit nou aquam tantum CAP. III.- Febrium Genera.-ATQUE hæc qui
bibere, sed etiam cibo carnem subtrahere ; in dem sanis facienda
tuentibus. Sequitursunt,
verotantum
curatiocausam me,
febrium
terdum panis quoque minus, quam pro con
suetudine assumere, humidoque cibo esse con quod in toto corpore, et vulgare maxime
tentum, et olere potissimum : satisque sit, tum morbi etgenus est. Ex his una quotidiana, al
ex toto a cibo, a vino, ab omni motu corporis tera tertiana, altera quartana est : interdum
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 149
interdum quædam redeunt etiam longiore circuitu ; sed id raro
sometimes some return even at a longer interval ; but that rarely
fit In prioribus sunt et morbi et medicina. Et
happens. In the former are both the diseases and the medicine. And
quidem quartanæ sunt simpliciores. Fere incipiunt ab
indeed the quartans are the more simple. Generally they begin with
horrore ; deinde calor erumpit ; que febre finita,
shivering; afterwards heat breaks out ; and the paroxysm being terminated,
est biduum integrum : ita revertitur
there is a space oftwo days freefrom fever : 80 it returns
quarto die. Vero sunt duo genera tertianarum. Alterum
onthefourth day. But there are two kinds oftertians. The one
et incipiens et desinens eodem modo quo quartana ;
both beginning and ending in the same manner as the quartan ;
illo discrimine tantum interposito, quod præstat unum integrum
this difference only being interposed, that it affords one free
diem, redit tertio. Alterum longe perniciosius, quod
day, returns on the third. The other byfar the more dangerous, which
revertitur quidem tertio die; autem ex octo et quadraginta
returns indeed on the third day ; but of the eight and forty
horis occupat fere sex et triginta per accessionem ,
hours it occupies almost six and thirty during the accession,
interdum etiam vel minus vel plus; neque desistit ex toto
sometimes even either less or more ; nor does it cease entirely
in remissione, sed tantum est levius. Plerique medici
in the remission, but only is lighter. Most physicians
appellant id genus ἡμιτριταῖον Vero quotidianæ
name that kind Hæmitriteon semitertian. But the quotidians
sunt variæ, et multiplices. Enim aliæ incipiunt protinus a
are various, and manifold. For some begin at once with
calore, aliæ a frigore, aliæ ab horrore. Voco frigus
heat, some with cold, others with shivering. I call it cold
ubi extremæ partes membrorum inalgescunt ; horrorem, ubi
when the extreme parts ofthe limbs become cold; shivering, when
totum corpus intremit. Rursus aliæ desinunt sic, ut
the whole body trembles. Again some cease 80, that
integritas ex toto sequatur: aliæ sic, ut aliquantum
cessation of the fit entirely (apyrexia) follows: others 80, that somewhat
quidem ex febre minuatur, tamen quædam reliquiæ nihilominus
indeed of the fever is abated, yet some remains nevertheless
remaneant, donec altera accessio accedat : ac sæpe aliæ
continue, until another accession come on : and frequently others

etiam longiore prioribus,

circuitu quædam redeunt ; sed etiam vel minus,
remissione desistit,velsedplus ; neque
tantum ex est.
levius toto Id
in
id raro fit. In et morbi sunt, et me
dicina. Et quartanæ quidem simpliciores sunt. genus plerique medici Tpirator appellant.
Incipiunt fere ab horrore ; deinde calor erum Quotidianæ vero variæ sunt, et multiplices.
pit;
quartofinitaque febre biduum
die revertitur. integrumvero
Tertianarum est : duo
ita Aliæ enim protinus a calore incipiunt, aliæ a
frigore, aliæ ab horrore. Frigus voco, ubi ex
genera sunt. Alterum eodem modo, quo quar tremæ partes
rorem, membrorum
ubi totum corpus inalgescunt : hor
intremit. Rursus
tana, et incipiens, et desinens ; illo tantum
interposito discrimine, quod unum diem præs aliæ sic desinunt, ut ex toto sequatur integri
tat integrum, tertio redit. Alterum longe per tas : aliæ sic, ut aliquantum quidem minuatur
niciosius, quod tertio quidem die revertitur, ex ex febre, nihilominus tamen quædam reliquiæ
octo autem et quadraginta horis fere sex et remaneant, donec altera accessio accedat: ac
triginta per accessionem occupat, interdum sæpe aliævix quidquam aut nihil remittant,
 150 A. CORN. CELSI
remittant vix quidquam aut nihil, sed ita ut continuent.
remit scarcely any thing or nothing, but in like manner continue.
Deinde aliæ habent ingentem fervorem , aliæ tolerabilem :
Then some have very great heat, others tolerable (heat):
aliæ sunt quotidie pares, aliæ impares ; atque invicem altero
some are daily similar, others dissimilar; and by turns on the one
die leniores, altero vehementiores : aliæ revertuntur postridie
day slighter, on the other more violent : some return the day following
eodem tempore, aliæ vel serius vel celerius : aliæ implent
at the same time, others either later or earlier : some оссuру
diem que noctem accessione et decessione, aliæ minus,
the day and the night with the accession and thegoingoff, 80me less,
aliæ plus: aliæ cum decedunt, movent sudorem , alia non
others more : some when they depart, excite sweat, others do not
movent; atque alias venitur (imperson.) ad integritatem per
excite it; and at one time it is come to perfect intermission through
sudorem, alias corpus tantum redditur imbecillius. Singulæ
sweating, at another the body is only rendered weaker. Single
accessiones etiam modo fiunt singulis diebus, modo binæ
⚫ accessions also sometimes take place every day, sometimes two
ve plures concurrunt : ex quo sæpe evenit, ut sint quotidie
or more come on : from which it often happens, that there are daily
plures accessiones, que remissiones ; sic tamen ut unaquæque
several paroxysms, and remissions ; 80 however that each (individual) one
respondeat alicui priori (accessioni.) Vero interdum accessiones
corresponds to some former one. But sometimes the accessions
quoque sic confunduntur, ut neque tempora neque spatia
also are 80 confounded, that neither the times nor the durations
earum possint notari. Neque est verum, quod dicitur
ofthem can be distinguished. Nor is it (that) true, what is said
a quibusdam, nullam febrem esse inordinatam nisi aut ex vomicâ,
by some, that no fever is irregular except either from a vomica,
aut ex inflammatione, aut ex ulcere ; enim curatio semper
or from inflammation, or from an ulcer ; moreover the treatment always
foret facilior, si hoc, esset verum . Sed quod evidentes
would be more easy, if this were true. But what the evident
causæ faciunt, abditæ etiam possunt facere. Neque movent
causes effect, the hidden ones also can effect. Nor do they provoke
controversiam de re, sed de verbo, qui, cum
a controversy about (matter of) fact, but about words, who, when
febres accedunt aliter que aliter in eodem morbo,
the paroxysms come on otherwise and otherwise (variously) in thesume disease,

sed itaut continuent. Deinde, aliæ fervorem ut quotidie plures accessiones remissionesque
ingentem habent, alia tolerabilem : aliæ quo sint ; sic tamen, ut unaquæque alicui priori
tidie pares sunt, aliæ impares ; atque invicem respondeat. Interdum vero accessiones quoque
altero die leniores, altero vehementiores : aliæ confunduntur, sic ut notari neque tempora
tempore eodem postridie revertuntur, aliæ vel earum, neque spatia possint. Neque verum est,
serius vel celerius : aliæ diem noctemque ac quod dicitur a quibusdam, nullam febrem in
cessione et decessione implent, aliæ minus, ordinatam esse, nisi aut ex vomica, aut ex in
aliæ plus: aliæ , cum decedunt, sudorem mo flammatione, aut ex ulcere : facilior enim sem
vent, aliæ non movent ; atque alias per sudo per curatio foret, si hoc verum esset. Sed quod
rem imbecillius
tum ad integritatem venitur,Accessiones
redditur. alias corpusetiam,
tan evidentes causæ faciunt, facere etiam abdita
possunt. Neque de re, sed de verbo contro
modo singulæ singulis diebus fiunt, modo versiam movent, qui, cum aliter aliterque in
binæ pluresve concurrunt : ex quo sæpe evenit, eodem morbo febres accedunt, non easdem in
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 151
dicunt easdem (febres) non redire inordinate, sed alias que alias
say that the same do not return irregularly, but that different ones
subinde oriri. Quod tamen pertineret nihil ad rationem
successively arise. Which nevertheless would contribute nothing to the method
curandi, etiamsi diceretur (impers.) vere. Tempora quoque
of treating, even if it were said truly. The times also
remissionum sunt modo liberalia, modo vix ulla.
ofthe remissions are sometimes considerable, at other times scarcely any.

CAP. IV.
CHAP. IV.
Genera Curationum.
The kinds of Cures.
Et quidem talis est maxime ratio febrium. Vero genera
And indeed such is mostly the nature offevers. But the kinds
curationum sunt diversa, prout habent aliquos auctores.
oftreatments are various, according as they have some (different) authors.
Asclepiades dicit esse officium medici, ut tuto,
Asclepiades asserts that it is the duty ofa physician, that he safely,
ut celeriter, ut jucunde curet. Id est votum :
that he quickly, that he pleasantly cure. That is his vow :
sc. medici sed fere nimia et festinatio et
(solemn promise, wish?) but generally too much both haste and
voluptas solet esse periculosa. Vero quâ moderatione
pleasure is wont to be " dangerous. But what management
utendum sit (nobis), ut., quantum potest fieri, omnia ista
we must use, that, asfar as it can be done, all these things
contingant, salute semper primâ habitâ , erit
mayhappen, the health being always first considered, will be
considerandum in partibus ipsis curationum. Et ante
to be considered in the parts themselves ofthe treatments. And before
omnia quæritur, (impers.) quâ ratione æger sit
all things it is questioned, in what manner the patient is
continendus primis diebus. Antiqui, quibusdam medicamentis
to be managed in the first days. The ancients, some medicines
datis, moliebantur concoctionem ; eo quod horrebant cruditatem
· being given, promoted digestion ; because they dreaded crudity
maximè ; deindè subtrahebant eam materiam, quæ videbatur
most of all; then they withdrew that material, which seemed

ordinate redire, sed alias aliasque subinde oriri Id votum est : sed fere periculosa esse nimia
dicunt. Quod tamen ad curandi rationem et festinatio et voluptas solet. Qua vero
nihil pertineret, etiamsi vere diceretur. Tem moderatione utendum sit, ut, quantum fieri
pora quoque
vix ulla sunt.remissionum modo liberalia, modo potest, omnia ista
habita salute, contingant,
in ipsis partibusprima semper
curationum
considerandum erit. Et ante omnia quæritur,
CAP. IV. Curationum Genera.- ET febrium primis diebus æger qua ratione continendus
quidem ratio maxime talis est. Curationum sit. Antiqui, medicamentis quibusdam datis,
vero diversa genera sunt, prout auctores ali concoctiouem moliebantur; eo quod cruditatem
quos habent. Asclepiades officium esse medici maxime horrebant : deinde eam materiam,
dicit, ut tuto, ut celeriter, ut jucunde curet. quæ lædere videbatur, ducendo sæpius alvum
 152 A. CORN. CELSI
lædere, sæpius ducendo .alvum. Asclepiades sustulit
to offend, byfrequently clystering the belly. Asclepiades laid aside
medicamenta: non subduxit alvum toties, sed tamen
medicines : he did not clyster the belly 80 often, but nevertheless
in fere omn morbo ; professus est se uti præcipue
in almost every disease; he professed that he used principally
febre ipsâ ad remedium . Enim putavit vires
thefever itself for the remedy. For he thought that the strength
esse convellendas luce, vigilia, ingenti
ofthe patient were to be weakened by light, waking, great
siti, sic ut ne sineret quidem OS elui
thirst, SO that he would not suffer even the mouth to be washed out
primis diebus. Quo magis falluntur, qui concipiunt
on thefirst days . So much the more are theydeceived, who conceive
ejûs disciplinam esse jucundum per omnia, enim
that his discipline is agreeable through all things, for
is, quidem , ulterioribus diebus (sc. morbi) subscripsit luxuriæ etiam
he, indeed, in the latter days subscribed to the luxury even
cubantis, vero primis (sc. diebus) exhibuit vicem
of the lying person (patient), but in thefirst he acted the part
tortoris. Autem ego concedo potiones medicamentorum debere
ofa tormentor. But 1 grant that potions ofmedicines ought
dari, et alvum duci non nisi rarò : et tamen
to be given, and the belly to be clystered only but seldom : but nevertheless
non existimo id agendum, ideo ut vires
Ido not think that it ought to be done, in order that the strength
ægri convellantur ; quaniam summum periculum est
ofthe patient may be weakened; because the utmost danger is
ex imbecillit ate. Ergo, oportet superantem
from weakness. Therefore, itbehooveth that the superabundant
materiam tantum minui, quæ naturaliter digeritur, ubi
matter only be reduce d, which naturally is wasted, when
nihil novi accedit. Itaque, primis diebus æger
nothing (of) new is added. Therefore, in thefirst days the patient
est abstinendus a cibo, est habendus luce
is tobe restrained from food, is to be kept in the light
interdiu, nisi infirmus, quoniam ista quoque digerit
in theday time, unless weak, because that (light) also wastes
corpus ; que is sc. æger debet cubare conclavi quam
the body ; and he (the patient ought to lie in a chamber as large
maximo. Vero quod pertinet ad sitim que somnum,
as possible. But as relates to thirst and sleep,

subtrahebant. Asclepiades medicamenta sus- alvum duci non nisi raro debere, concedo : et
tulit: alvum non toties, sed fere tamen in id non ideo tamen agendum, ut ægri vires
omni morbo, subduxit ; febre vero ipsa præ- convellantur, existimo ; quoniam ex imbe
cipue se ad remedium uti professus est. cillitate summum periculum est. Minui ergo
Convellendas enim vires ægri putavit, luce, tantum materiam superantem oportet, quæ
vigilia, siti ingenti, sic, ut ne os quidem naturaliter digeritur, ubi nihil uovi accedit.
primis diebus elui sineret. Quo magis fallun- Itaque abstinendus a cibo primis diebus est,
tur, qui per omnia jucundam ejus disciplinam in luce habendus aeger, nisi'infirmus, interdiu
esse concipiunt. Is enim ulterioribus quidem est, quoniam corpus ista quoque digerit ; isque
maximo conclavi debet. Quod
luxuriæ subscripsit ; cubare quam somnumque
diebus cubantis etiamvicem
primis vero tertoris exhibuit. Ego ad sitim vero pertinet, moderan
autem, medicamentorum dari potiones, et l dum est, ut interdiu vigilet ; noctu, si fieri
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 153
moderandum est (sc. nobis) ut, si potest fieri, vigilet
we must manage that, if it can be done, he be awake
interdiu, conquiescat noctu : ac neque potet,
duringthe day, he rest in the night : and neither drink,
neque crucietur nimium siti. Ejûs OS etiam
nor be tormented too much by thirst. His mouth also
potest elui, ubi est et siccum et fœtet ipsi (sc. ori) ;
may be washed, when it is both dry and is fœtid to itself;
quamvis id tempus est non aptum potioni. Que Erasistratus
although that time is not fit for drink. And Erasistratus
commodè dixit, interiore parte non requirente humorem ,
has aptly said, the inner part not requiring moisture,
OS et fauces sæpe requirere : neque pertinere
that the mouth and fauces often required it ; nor that it conduced
ad rem ægrum malè haberi.
to the purpose that the patient be ill treated.
Ac primo, quidem, est sic tenendus. Vero optimum
And atfirst, indeed, he is 80 to be managed. But the best
medicamentum est cibus opportune datus, qui quando debeat
medicine is food opportunely given, which when it ought
primum dari quæritur (impers.). Plerique ex antiquis
first to be given, is a question. Most of the ancients
dabant tarde , sæpe quinto dic, sæpe sexto :
gave it at a late period, often on the fith day, often on the sixth :
et fortasse ratio cœli patitur id vel in
and perhaps the nature ofthe climate permits that either in
Asiâ vel in Ægypto. Asclepiades, ubi fatigaverat ægrum
Asia or in Egypt. Asclepiades, when he had worried the patient
per omnia triduo, destinabat sc. ægrum cibo
through all things for three days, destined (sc him for food
quarto die. At Themison nuper considerabat non
on the fourth day. But Themison lately used to consider not
quando febris cœpisset, sed quando desisset, aut certe
when thefever had begun, but when it had ceased, 01 at least
esset levata : et tertio die ab illo tempore exspectato,
was abated : and the third day from that time being waitedfor,
si febris non accesserat, dabat cibum statim ;
if the paroxysm had not come on, he gave food immediately;
si accesserat, ubi ea vel desierat, vel si inhærebat
if it had come on, when it either had ceased, or if it continued
assidue, certe si inclinaverat se. Autem utique
constantly, at least if(when) it had turned itself(abated). But certainly

potest, conquiescat
nimium : ac Os
siti crucietur. neque
etiampotet,
ejusneque
elui sæpe quinto die, sæpe sexto : et id fortasse
vel in Asia, vel in Ægypto, cœli ratio patitur.
potest, ubi et siccum est, et ipsi fœtet ; quam Asclepiades, ubi ægrum triduo per omnia
vis id tempus aptum potioni non est. Com fatigaverat, quarto die cibo destinabat. At
modeque Erasistratus dixit, sæpe, interiore Themison nuper, non quando cœpisset febris,
parte humorem non requirente, os et fauces sed quando desisset, aut certe levata esset,
requirere ; neque ad rem, male haberi ægrum,
pertinere. considerabat : et ab illo tempore exspectato
die tertio, si non accesserat febris, statim ; si
Ac primo
vero quidem sic tenendus
medicamentum est. Optimum
est, opportune cibus accesserat, ubi ea vel desierat, vel, si assidue
inhærebat,
dabat. Nihilcerte si horum
autem se inclinaverat, cibum
utique perpetuum
datus : Plerique
ritur. qui quandoexprimum debeat,
antiquisdaritarde quæ
dabant, est. Nam potest primo die primus cibus
H3
 154 A. CORN. CELSI
nihil horum est perpetuum. Nam primus cibus potest esse
nothing ofthese is invariable. For the first food may be
dandus primo die; potest secundo, potest tertio,
to begiven on the first day ; it may on the second, it may on the third,
potest non nisi quarto aut quinto ; potest post unam
it may not until the fourth or fifth; it may after thefirst
accessionem, potest post duas, potest post plures. Enim
accession, it may after two, it may after several. Moreover
refert qualis morbus sit, quale corpus, quale
it imports what kind the disease is, what the body, what
cœlum , quæ ætas, quod tempus anni : que
the climate, what the age, what the time of the year: and
potest minime esse perpetuum præceptum temporis in
there can by no means be an invariable rule oftime in
rebus differentibus multum inter se. Cibus est
things differing much among themselves. Food is
dandus celerius in morbo qui aufert plus virium :
to be given earlier in a disease which carries away more (ofthe) strength:
que item eo cœlo quod digerit magis. Ob quam
and also in that weather which enfeebles more. For which
causam in Africâ æger videtur recte abstineri (a cibo)
reason in Africa the patient seems to be properly restrainedfrom food
nullo die. Debet etiam dari maturius puero quam
on no day. It ought also to be given earlier to aboy than
juveni ; æstate quam hieme. Est illud unum
to a young man; in summer than in winter. There is this one thing
quod semper, quod ubique est servandum, ut medicus
which always, which every where is to be observed, that the physician
subinde assidens inspiciat vires ægri, et quamdiu
frequently sitting by examine the strength ofthe patient, and so long as
supererunt, pugnet abstinentiâ ; si cœperit
they shall abound, he should oppose by abstinence ; if he have begun
vereri imbecillitatem , subveniat cibo. Enim id est ejůs
to fear weakness, he should support byfood. For that is his
officium, ut neque oneret ægrum supervacuâ
duty, that he neither oppress the patient with superfluous
materiâ, neque prodat imbecillitatem fame. Que invenio
matter, nor endanger weakness by hunger. And Ifind
id quoque apud Erasistratum, qui quamvis parum docuit
that also in Erasistratus, who although he has not taught (us)
quando venter, quando corpus ipsum exinaniretur,
when the belly, when the body itself should be evacuated,

dandus esse, potest secundo, potest tertio, recte videtur.

juveni ; æstate,Maturius etiam puero,
quam hieme, quam
dari debet.
potest non nisi quarto, aut quinto ; potest
post unam accessionem, potest post duas, Unum illud est, quod semper, quod ubique
potest post plures. Refert enim, qualis servandum est, ut ægri vires subinde assidens
morbus sit, quale corpus, quale cœlum, quæ medicus inspiciat, et quamdiu supererunt,
ætas, quod tempus anni : minimeque, in rebus abstinentia pugnet ; si imbecillitatem vereri
multum inter se differentibus, perpetuum esse cœperit, cibo subveniat. Id enim ejus officium
præceptum temporis potest." In morbo, qui est, ut ægrum neque supervacua materia
plus virium aufert, celerius cibus dandus est : oneret, neque imbecillitatem fame prodat. Id
itemque eo cœlo, quod magis digerit. Ob quam que apud Erasistratum quoque invenio : qui,
causam in Africa nullo die æger abstineri quamvis parum docuit, quando venter, quando
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 155
tamen dicendo hæc esse videnda, et cibum
yet by saying that these things are to be looked to, and that food ought
tum dandum, quum deberetur . corpori, satis ostendit
then to be given, when it was due to the body, has sufficiently shewn
dum vires suppressent, oportere non dari ;
whilst strength remained, that it ought not to be given ;
consulendum esse (sc. nobis) ne deficerent (scil. vires). Autem ex
that we must take care that they did not fail. But from
his potest intelligi multos (sc. ægros) posse non curari
these things it may be understood that many patients cannot be attended
ab uno medico : que eum , si est artifex,
by one physician: and that he, if he is master ofhis profession,
esse idoneum (sc. medicum), qui non recedit multum ab
is the proper one, who does not withdraw much from
ægro. Sed qui serviunt quæstui, quoniam is (quæstus)
the patient. But they who are slaves togain, since that
est major ex populi, libenter amplectuntur ea
is greater from the (mass of) people, " willingly adopt those
præcepta, quæ non exigunt sedulitatem ; ut in hâc re
precepts, which do not require assiduity; as in this thing
ipsâ. Enim est quoque facile iis, qui raro
itself. Moreover it is also an easy thing for those, who seldom
vident ægrum , numerare dies vel accessiones ; est
see the patient, to count the days or the accessions ; it is
necesse ut ille assideat, qui, quod solum est
necessary that he sit by (his patient), who, which alone is
opus, est visurus quaudo sit futurus nimis imbecillus,
needful, is to see when he would become too weak,
nisi acceperit cibum. Tamen, in pluribus quartus
except he (should) receive food. Nevertheless, in most cases the fourth
dies consuevit esse aptissimus ad initium cibi.
day has been accustomed to be the fittest for the commencement of food.
Autem est etiam alia dubitatio de diebus ipsis ;
But there is also another doubt concerning the days themselves ;
quoniam antiqui potissimum sequebantur impares; que nominabant
since the ancients chiefly followed the odd days; and named
eos xploiμovs (crisimous), tanquam tunc judicaretur de
them critical, as if then it could be determined concerning
ægris. Hi dies erant tertius, quintus, septimus, nonus,
the sick. These days were the third, thefifth, the seventh, the ninth,
undecimus , quartusdecimus, unus et vicesimus; ita ut summa
the eleventh, the fourteenth, the one and twentieth ; 30 that the greatest

corpus ipsum exinaniretur, dicendo tamen, quoque, qui ægrum raro vident: ille assideat
hæc esse videnda, et tum cibum dandum, cum necesse est, qui, quod solum opus est, visurus
corpori deberetur, satis ostendit, dum vires cibumquando
est, nimis imbecillus
acceperit. In pluribus sit, nisi
futurustamen ad
superessent, dari non oportere ; ne deficerent,
consulendum esse. Ex his autem intelligi po
test, ab uno medico multos non posse curari : suevit. cibi dies quartus aptissimus esse con
initium
eumque, si artifex est, idoneum esse, qui non Est autem alia etiam de diebus ipsis dubi
multum ab ægro recedit. Sed qui quæstui tatio ; quoniam antiqui potissimum impares
serviunt, quoniam is major ex populo est, li sequebantur ; eosque, tanquam tunc Hi de ægris
erant
benter amplectuntur ea præcepta, quae sedu judicaretur,
dies tertius, pisipovs
quintus,nominabant.
septimus, nonus, un
litatem non exigunt; ut in hac ipsa re. Fa
cile est enim dies vel accessiones numerare iis decimus, quartusdecimus, unus et vicesimus ;
156 A. CORN . CELSI

potentia daretur septimo, deinde quartodecimo, deinde

influence was allowed to the seventh, then to thefourteenth, then
uni et vicesimo. Igitur sic nutriebant ægros, ut
to the one and twentieth. Therefore they so dieted the sick, that
exspectarent accessiones imparium dierum : deinde postea darent
they waited for the accessions ofthe odd days : then afterwards gave
cibum quasi levioribus accessionibus instantibus ; adeo ut
food as if the lighter accessions being at hand ; 80 that
Hippocrates, si febris desisset alio die, sit solitus timere
Hippocrates, if the fever had ceased on another day, was accustomed to fear
recidivam (sc. febrem). Asclepiades jure repudiavit id ut vanum ;
a relapse. Asclepiades properly rejected that as idle;
neque in ullo die, quia esset par ve impar, dixit
nor on any day, because it might be even or odd, has he said
periculum esse vel majus vel minus iis (sc. ægris). Enim
that the danger was either greater or less for them. For
interdum pares dies fiunt pejores ; et cibus datur opportunius
sometimes the even days become the worse ; and food is given more seasonably
post accessiones eorum . Nonnunquam etiam ratio dierum
after the accessions ofthem. Sometimes also the order of the days
mutatur in morbo ipso; que (sc. is dies) fit gravior
is changed during the disease itself; and that becomes the more severe
qui consueverat esse remissior. Atque quartusdecimus ipse, in
which had been used to be the milder. But thefourteenth itself, on
quo antiqui fatebantur esse magnam vim, est
which the ancients confessed that there was great influence, is an
par. Qui cum contenderent octavum (diem) habere
even (day). Who when they were contending that the eighth had
naturam primi (diei), ut secundus septenarius inciperet ab eo,
the properties ofthefirst, as the second septenary began from it,
ipsi repugnabant sibi non sumendo octavum ,
they opposed (were inconsistent with) themselves by not taking the eighth,
neque decimum, neque duodecimum diem , quasi potentiorem : enim
nor the tenth, nor the twelfth day, as the more influential : for
tribuebant plus nono et undecimo. Quod cum
they attributed more to the ninth and the eleventh. Which when
fecissent sine ulla probabili ratione, transibant ab undecimo
they had done without any feasible reason, they passed from the eleventh
non ad tertiumdecimum, sed ad quartumdecimum. Est etiam apud
not to the thirteenth , but to thefourteenth. It is also in
Hippocratem , quartum (diem) esse gravissimum ei, quem
Hippocrates, that thefourth day is the most severe to him, whom

ita ut summa potentia septimo, deinde quarto tur ; fitque gravior, qui remissior esse consue
decimo, deinde uni et vicesimo daretur. Igi verat. Atque ipse quartusdecimus par est, in
tur sic ægros nutriebant, ut dierum imparium quo esse magnam vim antiqui fatebantur. Qui
accessiones exspectarent : deinde postea cibum, cum octavum primi naturam habere contende
quasi levioribus accessionibus instantibus, rent, ut ab eo secundus septenarius inciperet,
darent ; adeo ut Hippocrates, si alio die febris ipsi sibi repugnabant, non octavum, neque
desisset, recidivam timere sit solitus. Id decimum ; neque duodecimum diem sumendo,
Asclepiades jure ut vanum repudiavit ; neque quasi potentiorem : plus enim tribuebant nono,
in ullo die, quia par imparve esset, iis vel ma et undecimo. Quod cum fecissent sine ulla
jus vel minus periculum esse dixit.opportunius
Interdum probabili ratione, ab undecimo, non ad ter
enim pejores dies pares fiunt ; et tiumdecimum, sed ad quartumdecimum, tran
post eorum accessiones cibus datur. Nonnun apud Hippocratem, ei, quem
quam etiam in ipso morbo dierum ratio muta- septimusEstdies
sibant. etiam
liberaturus sit, quartum esse
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 157
septimus dies liberaturus sit. Ita, illo quoque auctore , in
the seventh day will deliver. Thus, he also being author, on
pari die, febris potest esse et gravior, et certa nota
the even day, the fever may be both more severe, and a certain sign
futuri. Atque idem alio loco apprehendit
of what will happen. And the same (author) in another place considers
quemque quartum diem ut efficacissimum in utrumque ; id est,
every fourth day as the most influential for both ; that is,
quartum , septimum, undecimum , quartumdecimum, decimumseptimum.
the fourth, the seventh, the eleventh, the fourteenth, the seventeenth.
In quo transit ab ratione imparis, ad rationem
In which he passes from the order of an odd, to the order
paris : et ne quidem hoc conservavit propositum ;
ofan even (day) : and not even in this has he kept his purpose ;
cum undecimus sit non quartus, sed quintus a septimo die.
since the eleventh is not thefourth, but thefifth from the seventh day.
Adeo apparet, quâcunque ratione respexerimus ad numerum ,
So it appears, in whatever manner we (shall) look to the number,
nihil rationis reperiri quidem sub illo auctore.
that nothing of reason is found even in this author.
Verum quidem Pythagorici numeri, tunc admodum celebres,
But indeed the Pythagorean numbers, at that time very celebrated,
fefellerunt antiquos in his ; cum hic quoque medicus
deceived the ancients in these things ; whereas here also the physician
debeat non numerare dies, sed intueri accessiones ipsas,
ought not toreckon the days, but to look to the accessions themselves,
et ex his (sc. accessionibus ) conjectare quando cibus sit dandus.
and from them to infer when food ought to be given.
Autem illud pertinet magis ad rem , scire opporteat
But this belongs more to the matter, to know whether it behooveth
dari tum cum venæ jam bene conquiverunt, an
that it be given then when the vessels have now thoroughly become calm, or
reliquiis febris etiamnum manentibus. Enim antiqui
the remnants of the paroxysm even yet remaining. For the ancients
offerebant alimentum, corporibus quam integerrimis: Asclepiades,
proffered food, the bodies being as free as possible: Asclepiades,
febre quidem inclinatâ, sed tamen adhuc inhærente.
the fever indeed being on the decline, but yet still lingering(about him).
In quo secutus est vanam rationem : non quod cibus sit non
In which hefollowed a vain reasoning : not that food ought not
interdum dandus maturius, si altera accessio timetur mature ;
sometimes to be given earlier, if another accession is feared very soon ;

gravissimum. Ita, illo quoque auctore, in die admodum Pythagorici numeri ellerunt:
cum hic quoque medicus non numerare
pari et gravior febris esse potest, et certa fu
turi nota. Atque idem alio loco quartum quem debeat, sed ipsas accessiones intueri ; et exdies
his
que diem, ut in utrumque efficacissimum ap conjectare, quando dandus cibus sit. Illud
prehendit ; id est, quartum, septimum, unde autem magis ad rem pertinet, scire, tum opor
cimum, quartumdecimum, decimumseptimum. teat dari, cum jam bene vene conquieverunt,
In quo et ab imparis ad paris rationem transit, an etiamnum manentibus reliquiis febris. An
propositum conservavit ; cum
ne hoc quidemundecimus,
et septimo tiqui enim quam integerrimis corporibus ali
a die non quartus, sed mentum offerebant : Asclepiades, inclinata
quintus sit. Adeo apparet, quacunque ratione quidem febre, sed adhuc tamen inhærente. In
quo
ad numerum respexerimus, nihil rationis, sub
illo quidem auctore, reperiri. non vanam rationem
sit interdum secutuscibus
maturius est : dandus,
non, quod
si
Verum in his quidem antiquos tunc celebres mature timetur altera accessio ; sed quod sci
158 A. CORN. CELSI
sed quod scilicet debeat dari quam sanissimo ; enim
but because truly it ought to be given (when) as healthy aspossible; for
quod infertur integro corpori minus corrumpitur. Neque
what is ingested to the sound body is less corrupted. Nor
tamen est, quod videbatur Themisoni, verum, si æger esse
for all that is, what appeared to Themison, true, if the sick was
futurus integer duabus horis, esse satius dare tum
to become free from fever for two hours, that it was better to give it then
ut diduceretur potissimum ab corpore integro. Nam si
that it might be distributed principally by the body (when) free. For if
posset diduci tam celeriter, id esset optimum ; sed cum
it could be distributed 80 quickly, that would be the best ; but since
hoc breve tempus non præstet, est satius principia cibi
this short time cannot suffice, it is better that the beginnings offood
excipi a decedente febre quam reliquias ab incipiente.
be endured by a departing paroxysm than the remains by a commencing one.
Ita, si secundum tempus est longius, est dandus
So, if the favourable period is (of) longer (duration), it is to be given
quam integerrimo ; si breve, etiam antequam fiat ex toto
when asfree as possible; if short, even before that he become entirely
integer. Vero loco quo integritas est, eodem
free. But in the period in which the apyrexia is, in the same
est remissio, maxima quæ potest esse
(the corresponding) is the remission, the greatest which can be (occur)
in continua febre. Atque hoc quoque quæritur, utrum tot
in continued fever. And this also is a question, whether so many
horæ sint exspectandæ quot habuerunt febrem ; an sit satis
hours are to be waited for as they had thefever; or it be sufficient
primam partem earum præteriri, ut insidat jucundius
that the first part ofthem be passed over, that it may sit more agreeably
ægris ** quibus interdum non vacat. Autem est tutissimum
with the sick to whom sometimes there is no leisure. But it is most safe
tempus totiûs accessionis præterire ante ; quamvis ubi
that the time ofthe entire accession pass over before ; although when
febris fuit longa, potest indulgeri (impers.) ægro maturius,
the paroxysm has been long, it may be indulged to the patient earlier,
dum tamen dimidi a pars minimum ante prætereatur.
provided however that a halfpart ofthe time at the least befirst passed by.
Que id est ita servandum, non in eâ febre solâ, de quâ
And this is 80 to be observed, not in that fever alone, of which
dictum est proxime, sed in omnibus.
it has been spoken last, but in all.

licet quam sanissimo dari debeat : minus enim | sio, quæ maxima in 'febre continua potest
corrumpitur, quod integro corpori infertur. esse. Atque hoc quoque quæritur, utrum tot
Neque tamen verum est, quod Themisoni vide horæ exspectandæ sint, quot febrem habue
batur, si duabus horis integer futurus esset runt; an satis sit, primam partem earum præ
æger, satius esse tum dare ; ut abintegro cor terdum
terirí, utnon
ægris jucundius insidat, est
Tutissimum quibus in
autem,
pore potissimum diduceretur. Nam si diduci vacat.
tam celeriter posset, id esset optimum : sed ante totius accessionis tempus præterire ;
cum hoc breve tempus non præstet, satius est, quamvis, ubi longa febris fuit, potest indul
principia cibi a decedente febre, quam reliquias geri ægro maturius, dum tamen ante minimum
ab incipiente excipi. Ita, si longius tempus pars dimidia prætereatur. Idque non in ea
secundum est, quam integerrimo dandus est ; sola febre, de qua proxime dictum est, sed in
si breve, etiam antequam ex toto integer fiat. omnibus ita servandum est.
Quo loco vero integritas est, eodem est remis
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 159

CAP. V.
CHAP. V.

Species Febrium.
The Species of Fevers.
Hæc sunt magis perpetua per omnia genera febrium ;
These things are more invariable in all kinds offevers;
nunc descendam ad singulas species earum. Igitur si
now I shall go to the individual species ofthem. Therefore if
accessit tantum semel, deinde desiit, que ea fuit
it has come on only once, then has terminated, and it has originated
vel ex inguine, vel ex lassitudine, vel ex æstu, ve alia
either from the groin, or from weariness, or from heat, or any other
simili re, sic ut nulla interior causa fecerit metum ,
similar thing, provided that no more internal cause have occasioned fear,
cibus potest dari postero die, cum tempus accessionis
food may be given on the following day, when theperiod of the accession
ita transiit ut nihil moverit. At si calor venit
has 80 passed that it have not disturbed in the least. But if heat comes
ex alto, et gravitas vel capitis vel
from something deep seated, and heaviness either ofthe head or
præcordiorum secuta est, neque quid confuderit corpus
ofthe præcordia hasfollowed, nor does what has disordered the body
apparet, quamvis integritas secuta est unam accessionem,
appear, although perfect apyrexia has followed the first accession,
tamen quia tertiana potest timeri, tertius dies est exspectandus :
yet because a tertian may be feared, the third day is to be waitedfor :
et ubi tempus accessionis præteriit, cibus est dandus,
and when the time ofthe accession has passed by, food is to be given,
sed exiguus, quia quartana quoque potest timeri : et
but sparing(ly), because a quartan also may befeared : and
demum , quarto die, si corpus est integrum, utendum est
at length, on thefourth day, if the body is freefrom fever, he ought to use
eo (cibo) cum fiduciâ. Vero si postero, ve tertio, aut
it with confidence. But if on the next, or the third, 07
quarto die, febris secuta est, licet scire morbum esse.
the fourth day, fever has followed, we may know that disease is present.
Sed ratio tertianarum, que quatanarum, quarum et circuitus
But the treatment of tertians, and of quartans, ofwhich both the period

CAP. V.-Febrium Species. -HAC magis per neque apparet, quid corpus confuderit ; quam
omnia genera febrium perpetua sunt : nunc vis unam accessionem secuta integritas est ;
ad singulas
si semel earum
tantum accessit, desiit, Igitur
descendam.
species deinde eaque dus est dies tertius : ettimeri
tamen, quia tertiana potest, exspectan
ubi accessionis tempus
vel ex inguine, vel ex lassitudine, vel ex æstu, præteriit, cibus dandus est, sed exiguus ; quia
aliave simili re fuit, sic, ut interior nulla quartana quoque timeri potest : et die quarto
causa metum fecerit, postero die, cum tempus demum, si corpus integrum est, eo cum fiducia
accessionis ita transiit, ut nihil moverit, cibus utendum. Si vero postero, tertiove, aut quarto
dari potest. At si ex alto calor venit, et gra die secuta febris est ; scire licet, morbum esse.
vitas vel capitis vel præcordiorum secuta est, Sed tertianarum, quartanarumque, quarum et
160 A. CORN. CELSI
est certus, et finis integer, et tempora sunt liberaliter
is certain, and the termination complete, and the intervals are perfectly
quieta, est expeditior ; de quibus dicam suo loco.
undisturbed, is more easy ; of which I shall speak in their own place.
Vero nunc explicabo eas, quæ urgent quotidie. Igitur cibus
But now I shall explain those, which trouble daily. Therefore food
commodissime datur ægro quoque tertio die, ut alter (sc. dies)
is most suitably given to the sick every third day, that the one
minuat febrem, alter subveniat viribus. Sed is (sc. cibus)
may reduce the fever, the other support the strength. But it
debet dari, si est quotidiana febris quæ ex toto
ought to be given, if it is a quotidian fever which perfectly
desinat, simulatque corpus factum est integrum : si, quamvis
intermits, as soon as the body has become free from fever : if, although
non accessiones , tamen, febres junguntur
not the accessions, nevertheless, the fevers arejoined (the febrile action continued)
et quidem increscunt quotidie, sed tamen remittunt sine
and even increase daily, but still remit without
integritate, cum corpus ita habet se, ut major remissio
perfect apyrexia, when the body 80 has itself, that a greater remission
non exspectetur : si accessio est gravior, altero die,
cannot be waitedfor: if the accession is more violent, on the one day,
levior altero, post graviorem. Vero fere levior
slighter on the other, after the more violent. But commonly an easier
nox sequitur graviorem accessionem ; que fit, ut tristior
night follows a severer accession ; whence it happens, that a worse
nox quoque antecedat graviorem access ionem. At si febris
night also precedes the more violent accession. But if the fever
continuatur, neque unquam fit levior, et est necesse cibum
is continual, nor ever becomes lighter, and it is necessary that food
dari, est magna dissensio quando debeat
be given, there is great difference ofopinion as to what time it ought
dari. Quidam, quia matutinum tempus est fere
to be given. Some, because the morning time is commonly
remissius ægris, putant dandum tunc. Quod
the more easy to the sick, think that it ought to be given then . Which
si respondet, debet dari, non quia est mane, sed
if it answers, it ought to be given, not because it is morning, but
quia ægris est (pro habet) remissio. Vero si quidem tunc
because the sick have a remission. But if even then
est ne ulla requies ægris, id tempus est pejus hoc
there is not any (no) ease to the sick, that time is worse on this

certus circuitus est, et finis integer, et libera- , exspectetur : si altero die gravior, altero levior
liter quieta tempora sunt, expeditior ratio est: accessio est, post graviorem. Fere vero gra
de quibus suo loco dicam. Nunc vero eas ex viorem accessionem levior nox sequitur : quo
plicabo, quæ quotidie urgent. Igitur tertio fit, ut graviorem accessionem nox quoque
quoque die cibus ægro commodissime datur: tristior antecedat. At si continuatur febris,
utalter febrem minuat, alter viribus subveniat. neque levior unquam fit, et dari cibum necesse
Sed is dari debet, si quotidiana febris est, quæ est, quando dari debeat, magna dissensio est.
ex toto desinat, simulatque corpus integrum | Quidam, quia fere remissius matutinum tem
factum est: si quamvis non accessiones, febres pus ægris est, tunc putant dandum. Quod si
tamen junguntur, et quotidie quidem incre respondet, non quia mane est, sed quia remis
scunt, sed sine integritate tamen remittunt, sio est ægris, dari debet. Si vero ne tunc qui
cum corpus ita se habet, utmajor remissio non dem ulla requies ægris est, hoc ipso pejus id
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 161
ipso, quod cum suâ naturâ debeat esse melius, non est
very account, because though by its nature it ought to be better, it is not
vitio morbi : que, simul, meridianum tempus
through the fault ofthe disease : and, moreover, mid-day time
insequitur, a quo, cum omnis æger fere fiat pejor,
follows, from which, as every patient commonly becomes worse,
potest timeri, ne ille urgeatur etiam magis quam ex
it may be feared, that he be troubled even more than from
consuetudine . Igitur alii dant cibum tali ægro
custom (usual) . Therefore some give food to such a patient
vespere. Sed cum qui ægrotant, sint fere pessimi
in the evening. But since they who are sick, are generally worst
eo tempore, est verendum, ne, si moverimus quid
at that time, it is to be feared, that, if we should excite any thing
tunc, aliquid asperius fiat. Ob hæc
then, something more severe may happen. On account of these things
decurro ad mediam noctem ; id est, gravissimo tempore
I defer it to the middle ofthe night; that is, the severest time
jam finito, que eodem longissime distante : vero horis
being now ended, and the same farthest distant: but the hours
antelucanis secuturis, quibus omnes fere dormiunt maxime ;
before daylight being about tofollow, in which all generally sleep most ;
deinde matatino tempore (subsecuturo), quod suâ naturâ est levissimum.
then the morning time, which by its nature is the easiest.
Vero si febres sunt vagæ, quandocunque quis est
But if the accessions are irregular, whensoever a person is
levatus ex accessione, tunc debet assumere, quia est
relieved from the accession , *
then he ought to take it, because it is
verendum ne statim subsequantur cibum . At si plures
to be feared lest they immediately follow after food. But if several
accessiones veniunt eodem die, oportet considerare, ne
accessions happen on the same day, it behooveth to consider, whether
sint pares per omnia, quod potest vix fieri, an impares.
they be similar in all things, which can scarcely happen, or dissimilar.
Si sunt pares per omnia, cibus debet dari potius post
If they are similar in all things, food ought to be given rather after
eam accessionem quæ non desinit inter meridiem et
that accession which does not terminate between mid-day and
vesperem : si sunt impares, considerandum est quo distent.
evening : if they are dissimilar, we must consider in what they differ.
Nam si altera est gravior, altera levior, debet dari
For if the one is more severe, the other slighter, it ought to be given

tempus est, quod cum sua natura melius esse omnes fere maxime dormiunt ; deinde matu
debeat, morbi vitio non est: simulque inse tino tempore, quod natura sua levissimum est.
quitur tempus meridianum, a quo cum omnis Si
ne vero
cibumfebres vagæ
statim sunt, quia verendum
subsequantur, est,
quandocunque
æger fere pejorfiat, timeri potest, ne ille ma
gis etiam, quam ex consuetudine, urgeatur. quise.ex accessione levatus est, tunc debet assu
Igitur alii vespere tali ægro cibum dant. Sed mer At si plures accessiones eodem die ve
cum eo tempore fere pessimi sint, qui ægro niunt, considerare oportet, paresne per omnia
tant, verendum est, ne, si quid tunc move sint, quod vix fieri potest, an impares. Si per
rimus, fiat aliquid asperius. Ob hæc ad me omnia pares sunt, post eam potius accessionem
diam noctem decurro ; id est, finito jam gra cibus dari debet, quæ non inter meridiem et
vissimo tempore, eodemque longissime dis vesperem desinit: si impares sunt, consideran
tante : secuturis vero antelucanis horis, quibus dum est, quo distent. Nam si altera gravior,
162 A. CORN . CELSI

post graviorem : si altera est longior, altera brevior, post

after the severer : if the one is longer, the other shorter, after
longiorem : si altera est gravior, altera longior, considerandum est
the longer: if the one is severer, the other longer, we ought to consider
utra affligat magis, illa vi, an hæc tempore,
which oppresses more, theformer by violence, or the latter by duration,
et est dandus post eam (sc. quæ magis affligit).
and it is to be given after it.
Sed plane interest plurimum quantæ que quales rémissiones
But evidently it imports very much how many and what sort the remissions
inter eas sint. Nam si motio manet post alteram febrem,
between them are. For if excitement remains after the one paroxysm,
post alteram corpus est integrum (a motione), aptius tempus cibo
after the other the body is freefrom it, the fitter time forfood
est, corpore integro: si febricula semper manet, sed
is, the body being free : if a slight fever constantly remains , but
tamen alterum tempus remissionis est longius, id est potius
nevertheless one time ofremission is longer, it is ruther
eligendum ; adeo ut, ubi accessiones continuantur , cibus sit
to be chosen ; 80 that, when the accessions are continual, food is
dandus protinus priore inclinatâ. Etenim est
to be given immediately ontheformer having declined. For it is
perpetuum (sc. principium) ad quod omne consilium potest
a general principle to which all consideration may
dirigi, semper reducere cibum maxime quam ab accessione
be directed, always to withdraw food the most possible from the accession
futurâ ; et, hoc salvo, dare, corpore
about to take place ; and, this being observed, to give it, the body
integerrimo quam. Quod servabitur non tantum inter duas
being as free as possible. Which will be observed not only between two
sed etiam inter plures accessiones. Sed cum sit aptissimum
but also between the several accessions. But though it be most suitable
dare cibum quoque tertio die ; tamen si corpus est infirmum , est
to give food every third day: yet if the body is weak, it is
dandus quotidie ; que multo magis, si febres sunt continentes
to be given daily ; and so much the more, if the fevers are continual
sine remissione, quanto affligunt corpus magis; aut si duæ
without remission , as they distress the body more ; or if two
ve plures accessiones veniunt eodem die. Quæ res efficit,
or more accessions happen on the same day. Which thing causes,
ut cibus debeat et dari quotidie, protinus a primo die,
that food ought both to be given daily, immediately from the first day,

altera levior est, post graviorem dari debet : dandus cibus sit. Etenim perpetuum est, ad
si altera longior, altera brevior, post longio quod omne consilium dirigi potest, cibum
rem: si altera gravior, altera longior est, con quam maxime semper ab accessione futura
siderandum est, utra magis affligat, illavi, an reducere ; et, hoc salvo, dare quam integerrimo
hæc tempore, et post eam dandus est. corpore. Quod non inter duas tantum, sed
Sed plane plurimum interest, quantæ quales etiam inter plures accessiones servabitur. Sed
que inter eas remissiones sint. Nam si post cum sit aptissimum, tertio quoque die cibum
alteram febrem motio manet, post alteram in dare ; tamen, si corpus infirmum est, quotidie
tegrum corpus est ; integro corpore, cibo tem dandus est ; multoque magis, si continentes
pus aptius est : si semper febricula manet, sed febres sine remissione sunt, quanto magis cor.
alterum tamen longius tempus remissionis est, pus affligunt ; aut si Quæ
duæ pluresve accessiones
id potius eligendum est ; adeo ut, ubi acces eodem die veniunt. res efficit, ut et a
siones continuantur, protinus, inclinata priore, primo die protinus cibus dari quotidie debeat,
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 163
si venæ protinus conciderunt ; et sæpius eodem die,
if the vessels have suddenly shrunk; and more frequently on the same day,
si inter plures accessiones vis subinde deest corpori.
if between the several accessions the strength occasionally fails the body.
Illud tamen est servandum in his, ut minus cibi detur
This however is to be observed in these cases, that less food be given
post eas febres, post quas, si liceret (sc. nobis) per
after those paroxysms, after which, if it were permitted by the
corpus, non daretur omnino.
(condition of) the body, it would not be given at all.
Vero cum febris instet, incipiat, augeatur,
But whereas fever may be approaching, be commencing, be increasing,
consistat, decedat, deinde consistat in decessione, aut
be at a stand still, be going off, then may stand still in the departure, or
finiatur ; licet scire optimum tempus cibo esse ,
be terminated ; be it known that the best time forfood is,
febre finitâ : deinde cum ejûs decessio consistit ;
the fever being ended : then when its departure is at a stand still ;
tertium, si est necesse, quandocunque decedit ; omnia
the third, if it is necessary, whenever it is departing; that all
cetera (tempora) esse periculosa. Si tamen, propter infirmitatem ,
other times are dangerous. If however, through weakness,
necessitas urget, esse satius offerre aliquid, incremento
necessity compels us, that it is better to offer something , the increase
febris jam consistente, quam increscente ; esse
ofthefever being now at a stand still, than while increasing ; that it is
satius, instante, quam incipiente : cum eo tamen,
better, when approaching, than commencing: with this (proviso) however,
ut is qui deficit, sit non nullo tempore sustinendus.
that he who issinking, is not at no time (always) to be supported (byfood).
Neque hercule, est satis, medicum intueri tantum ,
Nor truly, is it enough, that the physician observe only,
febres ipsas, sed etiam habitum totiùs corporis, et
the paroxysms themselves, but also thehabit ofthe whole body, and
dirigere curationem ad eum ; seu vires supersunt,
regulate his treatment according to it ; whether the strength remain,
seu desunt, seu quidam alii affectus interveniunt. Vero cum
or fail, or 80me other affections intervene. But as
semper conveniat agere ægros securos, ut laborent
it is always suitable to keep the sick quiet, that they may suffer
corpore tantum , non animo etiam : tum precipue ubi
in body only , not in mind also : 80 especially when

si protinus venæ conciderunt ; et sæpius eo urget, satius esse, consistente jam incremento
dem die, si inter plures accessiones subinde vis febris, aliquid offerre, quam increscente ; satius
corpori deest. Illud tamen in his servandum esse, instante, quam incipiente: cum eo tamen,
est, ut nullo tempore is, qui deficit, non sit susti
quas,utsipost eas febres
per corpus minus
liceret, cibi non
omnino detur, post
daretur. nendus.
Cum vero febris instet, incipiat, augeatur, Neque hercule satis est, ipsas tantum febres
consistat, decedat, deinde in decessione con medicum intueri, sed etiam totius corporis
sistat, aut finiatur ; scire licet, optimum cibo habitum, et ad eum dirigere curationem ; seu
tempus esse febre finita ; deinde, cum decessio supersunt vires, seu desunt, seu quidam alii
ejus consistit ; tertium, si necesse est, quan affectus interveniunt. Cum vero semper ægros
docunque decedit ; cetera omnia periculosa securos agere conveniat, ut corpore tantum,
esse. Si tamen propter infirmitatem necessitas non etiam animo laborent: tum præcipue, ubi
 164 A. CORN. CELSI
sumserunt cibum. Itaque si sunt qua, quæ
they have taken food. Therefore if there are any things, which
exasperatura sunt animos eorum , est optimum subtrahere ea
will ruffle the minds ofthem, it is best to withhold them
notitiæ eorum dum ægrotant ; si id potest non
from the knowledge ofthem whilst they are sick ; if that can not
fieri, tamen sustinere post cibum usque tempus somni,
be done, yet to withhold them after food until the time ofsleep,
et cum experrecti sunt, tum exponere.
and when they have awoke, then to tell (acquaint) them.

CAP. VI.
CHAP. VI.
Tempora Potionis.
The Times of Drink.
Sed quidem ratio de cibo est facilior cum ægris ;
But indeed the management of food is easier with the sick ;
stomachus quorum sæpe respuit hunc, etiams i mens concupiscit ;
the stomach ofwhom often rejects it, although the mind desires it;
vero ingens pugna est de potione ; que eo magis, quo
but the great struggle is concerning drink ; and the more, the
major febris est. Enim hæc accendit sitim, et tum, exigit
greater the fever is. For this inflames thirst, and then, requires
aquain maxime, cum illa est periculosissima. Sed æger est
water most, when it is most dangerous. But thepatient is
docendus, ubi febris quieverit , sitim quoque
to be taught, when thefever shall have ceased, that the thirst also
quieturam (esse) immedi protinus ; que access ionem fore longiorem ,
will subside ately ; and that the accession would be longer,
si quod alimentum fuerit datum ei : ita eum , qui
if any nourishment were (should be) given to him : 80 that he, who
non bibit, celerius desinere sitire. Tamen, quanto
does not drink, more quickly ceases to thirst. Nevertheless, by how much
etiam sani sustinent famem facilius quam sitim,
even healthy persons endure hunger more easily than thirst,
tanto magis est necesse indulgere ægris in potione quam
by so much the more is it necessary to indulge the sick in drink than
in cibo. Sed quidem nullus humor debet dari primo
in food. But indeed no liquid ought to be given on the first

cibum sumserunt. Itaque, si qua sunt, quæ est ; eoque magis, quo major febris est. Hæc
exasperatura eorum animos sunt, optimum est, enim
exigit,sitim
cum accendit, et tum maxime
illa periculosissima aquam
est. Sed do
ea, dum egrotant, eorum notitiae subtrahere
si id fieri non potest, sustinere tamen post ci cendus æger est, ubi febris quieverit, protinus
bum usque somni tempus, et cum experrecti
sunt, sitim quoque quieturam ; longioremque acces
tum exponere. sionem fore, si quod ei datum fuerit alimentum:
ita celerius eum desinere sitire, qui non bibit.
CAP. VI. Potiones Tempora.-SED de cibo Necesse est tamen, quanto facilius etiam sani
quidem facilior cum ægris ratio est ; quorum famem, quam sitím sustinent, tanto magis
sæpe stomachus hunc respuit, etiamsi mens ægris in potione, quam in cibo indulgere. Sed
concupiscit: de potione vero ingens pugna | primo quidem die nullus humor dari debet ;
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 165
die, nisi venæ subito sic conciderunt, ut cibus
day, unless the vessels (thepulse) have suddenly 80 shrunk, that food
quoque debeat dari, vero secundo, que etiam ceteris (diebus)
also ought to be given, but on the second, and also the others
quibus cibus non dabitur, tamen, si magna sitis urgebit,
on which food will not be given, yet, if great thirst shall oppress,
potio potest dari. Ac quidem illud dictum ab Heraclide,
drink may be given. And even that saying of Heraclides,
Tarantino , ne caret ratione : ubi aut bilis aut cruditas
the Tarentine, is not devoid of reason : when either bile or crudity
male habet ægrum , quoque expedire novam materiam
disorders the sick, that it is also expedient that new matter
misceri corruptæ per modicas potiones. Illud est
be mixed withthe corrupted by moderate draughts. This is
videndum , ut qualia tempora leguntur cibo, talia
to be seen to, that what times are chosen forfood, such
deligantur quoque potioni, ubi (potio) datur sine illo (cibo);
be chosen also for drink, when itis given without the former ;
aut cum cupiemus ægrum dormire ; quod sitis fere
or when we shall be desirous that the patient sleep ; which thirst mostly
prohibet. Autem satis convenit, cum nimius humor sit
prevents. But it is sufficiently agreed on, as too much liquid is
alienus omnibus febricitantibus , esse præcipue tum
injurious to all persons sufferingfrom fever, that it is especially 80
feminis, quæ inciderunt in febres ex partu.
to women, who have fallen into fever after parturition.
Sed cum ratio febris et remissionis
But although the nature ofthe accession and remission
det tempora cibo que potioni, est non
maygive (points out) the times for food and drink, it is not
expeditissimum scire quando æger febricitet, quando sit
very easy to know when the patient isfeverish, when
melior, quando deficiat : sine quibus, illa possunt
better, when he is sinking : without which, these things can
non dispensari. Enim credimus maxime venis,
not be regulated. For we trust most of all to the veins (pulse),
fallacissimæ rei ; quia istæ sunt sæpe leniores ve
a very deceitful thing ; because these are often slower or
celeriores, et ætate, et sexu, et naturâ
more frequent, both from age, and sex, and the nature
corporum : et plerumque satis sano corpore, si
ofour bodies : and frequently in a tolerably healthy body, if

nisi subito sic venæ conciderunt, ut cibus quo cum omnibus febricitantibus nimins humor
quedari debeat : secundo vero, ceterisque etiam, alienus
ex partu sit, tum præcipue
in febres inciderunt.esse feminis, quæ
quibus
sitis urgebit, potiodabitur,
cibus non tamen,Acsi nemagua
dari potest. illud Sed cum tempora cibo potionique febris et
quidem, ab Heraclide Tarentino dictum,ratione remissionis ratio det, non est expeditissimum
caret: ubi aut bilis ægrum, aut cruditas male scire, quando æger febricitet, quando melior
habet, expedire quoque per modicas potiones sit, quando deficiat : sine quibus dispensari
misceri novam materiam corruptæ. Illud vi illa non possunt. Venis enim maxime credi
dendum est, ut qualia tempora cibo leguntur, mus, fallacissimæ rei ; quia sæpe ista le
talia potioni quoque, ubi sine illo datur, de niores celerioresve sunt, et ætate, et sexu, et
ligantur ; aut cum segrum dormire cupiemus ; corporum natura : et plerumque satis sano
quod fere sitis prohibet. Satis autem convenit, corpore, si stomachus infirmus est, nonnun
 166 A. CORN. CELSI
stomachus est infirmus, subeunt et quiescunt, nonnunquam
the stomach is weak, they sink and become tranquil, sometimes
etiam febre incipiente, ut is possit videri imbecillus
even a paroxysm commencing, so that he may seem weak
cui facile laturo gravis accessio instat.
over whom that will easily bear it a severe accession is impending.
Contra, sol sæpe concitat et resolvit eas,
On the other hand, the sun often disturbs and softens them,
et balneum , et exercitatio, et metus, et ira, et quilibet
also the bath, and exercise, and fear, and anger, and some
alius affectus animi ; adeo, ut cum medicus
other affection of the mind; in so much, that when the physician
primum venit, solicitudo ægri dubitantis, quomodo
first comes, the anxiety ofthe patient doubting, how
videatur illi (sc. medico) habere se, moveat eas.
he may seem to him to have himself, can disturb them .
Ob quam causam, est (officium) periti medici, non
For which reason, it is the duty ofa skilful physician, not
protinus ut venit, apprehendere brachium
immediately that he arrives (on his arrival), to take hold of the arm
manu : sed primum residere hilari vultu, que
with his hand: but first to sit down with a cheerful countenance, and
percontari quemadm odum habeat se ; et, si (ei) est quis
to ask how hefinds himself; and, if he has any
metus ejûs (scil. medici), lenire eum (sc. ægrum) probabili
fear ofhim, to soothe him with encouraging
sermone ; tum deinde admovere manum corpori ejûs.
conversation ; then afterwards to apply his hand to the body ofhim.
Autem quam facile mille res turbant venas, quas
But how easily a thousand things disturb the veins, which
conspectus medici movet ! Altera res cui credimus
the sight ofthe physician excites ! Another thing to which we trust
est calor, æque fallax : nam hic quoque excitatur
is heat, equally fallacious: for this also is excited
æstu, labore, somno, metu, solicitudine. Igitur, quidem ,
by external heat, labour, sleep, fear, anxiety. Therefore, indeed,
oportet intueri ista etiam ; sed non credere omnia
itbehooveth to observe those also ; but not to trust allthings (entirely)
his. Ac quidem protinus scire eum non febricitare,
to them. And even at once to know that he is not suffering from fever,
cujus venæ sunt ordinatæ naturaliter, que tepor est
whose veins are regulated naturally, and the temperature is

quam etiam incipiente febre, subeunt et si quis ejus

que, quemadmodum se habeat ; et lenire
nt ; utgravis
quiesculaturo
facile lus is accessi
imbecilinstat videri opossit, cui metus est, eum probabili sermone ; tum
. Contra deinde ejus corpori manum admovere. Quas
sæpe eas concitat et resolvit sol, et balneum , venas autem conspectus medici movet, quam
et exercitatio, et metus, et ira, et quilibet facile mille res turbant ! Altera res est, cui
alius animi affectus : adeo ut, cum primum credimus, calor, æque fallax : nam hic quoque
medicus venit, sollicitudo ægri dubitantis, etiamsollici
quidemmetu,
quomodo illi se habere videatur, eas moveat.
excitatur Igitur
tudine. intueri somno,
æstu, labore, ista
Ob quam causam, periti medici est, non pro oportet ; sed his non omnia credere. Ac cujus
pro
tinus ut venit, apprehe ndere manu brachium : tinus non febricitare
quidem scire,ordinatæ eum,
sed primum residere hilari vultu, percontari . venæ naturaliter sunt, teporque talis
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 167

talis qualis solet esse sanis : autem non protinus

such as it is accustomed to be in healthy people : but not immediately
concipere esse febrem sub calore que motu : sed
to imagine that there is fever under heat and excitement: but
ita, si summa cutis quoque est inæqualiter arida ;
that there is, if the surface of the skin also is unequally dry;
et si est calor in fronte, et oritur ex
and if there is heat in the forehead, and it arises from
imis præcordiis ; si spiritus prorumpit ex naribus
the bottom of the præcordia ; if the air breaksforth from the nostrils
cum fervore ; si color est mutatus aut rubore, aut
with heat ; if the colour is changed either for redness, or
novo pallore : si oculi sunt graves, et aut persicci
an unusual paleness : if the eyes are heavy, and either very dry
aut subhumidi ; si sudor, cum fit, est inæqualis ; si
or moistish; if sweating, when it takes place, is unequal; if
venæ moventur non æquis intervallis. Ob quam causam
the veins are moved (pulsate) at unequal intervals. For which reason
medicus debet residere neque in tenebris neque a
the physician ought to sit neither in the dark nor at
capite ægri ; sed illustri loco adversum eum, ut
the head ofthe patient ; but in a lightsome place opposite him, that
perspiciat omnes notas ex vultu quoque cubantis.
he mayperceive all the marks from the countenance also ofhim lying down.
Vero ubi fuit febris atque decrevit, oportet
But when there has been a paroxysm and it has declined, it behooveth
exspectare, num tempora ve aliæ partes corporis
to observe, whether the temples or other parts ofthe body
paulum madescant, quæ testentur sudorem esse ¹. venturum :
become a little moist, which indicate that sweating is about to come on:
ac si est qua nota, tunc demum dare calidam
and if there is any sign, then atlength to give warm
aquam potui ; effectus cujûs est salubris si diffundit
water for drink; the effect ofwhich is salutary if it diffuses
sudorem per omnia membra. Autem causâ hujus rei,
sweat through all parts. But for the sake ofthis object,
æger debet continere manus sub satis multa
the patient ought to keep his hands under a sufficient quantity
veste, que contegere crura que pedes eâdem : quâ
ofclothes, and to cover his legs and feet with the same : with which
mole plerique male habent ægros in impetu ipso
weight many ill treat the sick in the height itself

est, qualis esse sanis solet : non protinus ut omnes notas, ex vultu quoque cubantis
autem sub calore motuque febrem esse conci perspiciat. Ubi vero febris fuit, atque decrevit,
pere ; sed ita, si summa quoque aridaest,inæqua
et ex
exspectare oportet, num tempora, partesve
liter cutis est ; si calor et in fronte corporis aliæ paulum madescant,
imis præcordiis oritur ; si spiritus ex naribus rem venturum esse testentur : ac siquæ
quasudo
nota
cum fervore prorumpit ; si color, aut rubore, est, tunc demum dare potui calidam aquam ;
aut pallore novo mutatus est; si oculi graves, cujus salubris effectus est, si sudorem per
et aut persicci, aut subhumidí sunt ; si sudor, omnia membra diffundit. Hujus autem rei
cum fit, inæqualis est ; si venæ non æquis causa, continere æger sub veste satis multa
intervallis moventur. Ob quam causam medi manus debet ; eademque crura pedesque con
cus neque in tenebris, neque a capite ægri tegere : qua mole plerique ægros in ipso fe
debet residere ; sed illustri loco adversus eum, bris impetu, potissimeque ubi ardens ea est
 168 A. CORN. CELSI
febris, que potissime ubi ea est ardens. Si corpus
ofthefever, and especially when it is ardent. If the body
cœpit sudare, oportet tepefacere linteum , que paulatim
has begun to sweat, it behooves to warm a linen cloth, and gradually
detergere singula membra. At ubi omnis sudor est finitus,
to wipe each limb. But when all sweating is ended,
aut si is non venit, ubi, quam maxime potuit,
or if it has not come on, when, as far as could be,
æger videtur esse idoneus cibo, est ungendus leniter
the sick seems to be fit forfood, he is to be anointed gently
sub veste, tum detergendus, deinde cibus dandus
under the clothing, then to be wiped, after that food to be given
ei. Autem is, humidus, est aptissimus febricitantibus, aut
to him . But it, liquid, is most suitable forfeverpatients, or
certe proximus quam humori ; utique ex materiâ,
at least the nearest possible to liquid ; likewise of matter,
levissimâ quam, que maxime sorbitio; que ea, si
thelightest possible, and for the most part gruel; and it, if
febres fuerint magnæ, debet esse tenuissima quam.
the paroxysms should be violent, ought to be the thinnest possible .
Despumatum mel quoque recte adjicitur huic, quo corpus
Clarified honey also is rightly added to it, that the body
magis nutriatur ; sed si id offendit stomachum , est
may be more nourished ; but if that offends the stomach, it is
supervacuum ; sicut quoque sorbitio ipsa. Vero in vicem ejûs ,
superfluous ; as also the gruel itself. But in place of it,
vel intrita (esca) (sc. parata) ex calidâ aquâ, vel elota alica, potest
either panada with warm water, or washed maize, may
dari ; si stomachus est firmus et alvus compressa, ex
be given ; if the stomach is strong and the belly bound, with
aquâ mulsâ ; si vel ille languet, vel
hydromel (honey and water) ; if either the former is languid, or
hæc profluit, ex poscâ. Et, quidem, id est
the latter is relaxed, with diluted vinegar. And, indeed, that is
satis primo cibo. Vero aliquid potest adjici secundo,
enough for thefirst food. But something may be added to the second,
tamen ex eodem genere materiæ, vel olus, vel conchylium,
still from the same kind of matter, either vegetables, or shellfish,
vel pomum. Et dum febres quidem increscunt, hic
or orchardfruit. And whilst the fevers even are increasing, this
cibus solus est idoneus, vero ubi aut desinunt aut
food alone is proper, but when either they terminate or

male habent. Si sudare corpus cœpit, linteum corpus magis nutriatur : sed id, si stomachum
tepefacere oportet, paulatimque singula mem offendit, supervacuum est ; sicut ipsa quoque
bra detergere. At ubi sudor omnis finitus est, sorbitio. Dari vero in vicem ejus potest, vel
aut si is non venit, ubi quam maxime potuit, intrita ex aqua calida, vel alica elota ; si
idoneus esse cibo æger videtur, sub veste leni firmus est stomachus, et compressa alvus, ex
ter ungendus est, tum detergendus, deinde ei aqua mulsa ; si vel ille languet, vel hæc pro
cibus dandus. Is autem febricitantibus humi fluit, ex
est. posca. vero
Secundo Et primo
aliquidquidem
adjicicibo id satis
potest, ex
dus est aptissimus, aut humori certe quam
proximus : utique ex materia quam levissima, eodem tamen genere materiæ, vel olus, vel
maximeque sorbitio ; eaque, si magum febres conchylium, vel pomum. Et dum febres qui
fuerint, quam tenuissima esse debet. Mel dem increscunt, hic solus idoneus cibus est.
quoque despumatum huic recte adjicitur, quo Ubi vero aut desinunt, aut levantur, semper
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 169
levantur, incipiendum est, quidem, semper ab aliquo ex
are abated, we must begin, indeed, always with something from
levissimâ materiâ, vero aliquid adjiciendum ex mediâ,
N the lightest matter, but something is to be added from the middle (class),
ratione habita subinde virium et hominis et
regard beinghad from time to time to the strength both ofthe man and
morbi. Vero varii cibi, sicut Asclepiades præcepit,
of the disease. But various (kinds of) food, as Asclepiades has directed ,
sunt tum demum ponendi ægro, ubi urgetur
are then at length to be placed before the patient, when he is oppressed
fastidio, neque vires sufficiunt satis ; ut vitet
with loathing, nor do the strength suffice enough ; that he may avoid
famem, degustando paulum ex singulis. At si neque vis
hunger, by tasting a little of each . But if neither strength
neque cupiditas deest, æger est solicitandus nullâ
nor desire (for food) is wanting, the patient is to be enticed by no
varietate ; ne assumat plus quam concoquat. Neque est
variety ; lest he take more than he can digest. Nor is that
verum quod dicitur ab eo, varios cibos concoqui
true which is said by him, that various foods are digested
facilius. Enim, eduntur facilius: autem genus et
more easily. Truly, they are eaten more easily: but the kind and
modus materiæ pertinent ad concoctionem. Neque est tutum
quantity ofthe material tend to digestion. Nor is it safe
ægrum impleri cibo, inter magnos dolores, neque morbo
that the sick befilled with food, during severe pains, nor the disease
increscente ; sed ubi valetudo est jam inclinata in melius.
increasing ; but when his health is already inclined for the better.
Aliæ observationes sunt quoque necessariæ in febribus. Atque, quoque,
Other observations are also necessary in fevers. And, also,
videndum est id quod solum quidam præcipiunt,
we must lookto that which alone some corpus
direct, ( whe the r the body
sit adstrictum an profluat (ad sudationem spectat) ; quorum alterum
be constringed or relaxed (sweats) ; of which the one
strangulat, alterum digerit. Nam si est adstrictum ,
suffocates, the other emaciates. For if it is constringed (perspiration suppressed),
alvus est ducenda, urina movenda, sudor eliciendus omni
the belly is to be clystered, the urine promoted, sweating called forth by every
modo. In hoc genere morborum etiam misisse sanguinem, concussisse
means. In this kind of diseases also to have let blood, to have shaken
corpus vehementibus gestationibus, habuisse in lumine,
the body by violent gestations, to have kept it in the light,

quidem incipiendum est ab aliquo ex materia autem materiæ genus et modus pertinent. Ne
levissima, adjiciendum vero aliquid ex media,
ratione que inter magnos dolores, neque increscente
habita subinde et virium hominis, et morbo, tutum est, ægrum cibo impleri ; sed
morbi. Ponendi
Asclepiades vero ægro demum
præcepit, varii cibi, sicut ubi inclinata jam in melius valetudo est.
tum sunt, ubi Sunt aliæ quoque observationes in febribus
fastidio urgetur, neque satis vires sufficiunt ; necessariæ. Atque id quoque videndum est,
ut paulum ex singulis degustando, famem quod quidam solum præcipiunt, adstrictum
vitet. At si nequesollicitandus
nulla varietate vis, neque cupiditas
æger estdeest,
; ne corpus sit, an profluat Nam alterum
digerit.; quorum stran
si adstrictum
gulat, alterum
plus assumat, quam concoquat. Neque verum est, ducenda alvus est, movenda urina, eli
est, dicitur, facilius ciendus omni modo sudor. In hoc genere
varios. Edunturenim facilius : adconcoqui
quod ab eo cibos
concoctionem morborum sanguinem etiam misisse, concus
I
170 A. CORN. CELSI
imperasse famem, sitim, vigiliam, prodest. Est etiam utile,
to have ordered fasting, thirst, watching, benefits. It is also serviceable,
ducere in balneum , prius demittere in solium, tum ungere,
to lead into the bath, first to lower him into the solium, then to anoint,
iterum redire ad solium , que fovere inguina multâ aquâ;
again to return to the solium, and to bathe the groins with much water;
interdum, etiam, miscere oleum cum calidâ aquâ in solio;
sometimes , also, to mix oil with hot water in the solium
uti cibo serius et rarius, tenui, simplici, molli, calido,
to use food later and less frequently, light, simple, suft, hot,
exiguo; que maxime oleribus, qualiâ sunt lapathum, urtica,
sparing ; and mostly vegetables, such as are burdock, nettles,
malva ; vel etiam jure concharum, ve musculorum, aut
mallows ; or even the gravy of oysters, or of muscles, or
locustarum ; neque est caro danda nisi elixa. At potio
lobsters ; nor is flesh to be given unless boiled. But the drink
debet esse magis liberalis et ante cibum et post hunc, et cum
ought to be more plentiful both before food and after it, and with
hoc, ultra (eam) quam sitis coget. Que etiam pinguius aut
it, beyond what thirst shall require. And also a richer or
dulcius vinum poterit dari a balneo Græcum salsum (sc. vinum)
sweeter wine will (be able to) be given after the bath : Greek salt
poterit interponi semel aut bis. Vero contra, si
will be interposed once or twice. But on the other hand, if
corpus profluet, ‫الحمد‬ sudor erit coercendus,
the body shall sweat from relaxation, the sweating will be to be restrained,
quies adhibenda; utendum tenebris, que somno quandocunque
rest to be used ; he oughtto use darkness, and sleep whenever
volet ; (est) non agitandum corpus nisi leni gestatione,
he shall wish ; we ought not to exercise the body except by gentle gestation,
et subveniendum pro genere mali. Nam si
and we must assist according to the nature ofthe disorder. For if
venter fluit, aut si stomachus non continet, ubi
the belly is relaxed, or if the stomach does not retain, when
febris decrevit, oportet dare tepidam aquam liberaliter
the paroxysm has abated, it is necessary to give warm water plentifully
potui, et cogere vomere ; nisi aut fauces, aut
for drink, and to force him to vomit ; unless either the fauces, or
præcordia, aut latus dolet, aut morbus est vetus. Vero
the præcordia, or the side is painful, or the disease is old. But
si sudor exercet, cutis est duranda nitro, vel sale, quæ
if sweating troubles, theskin is to be hardened with nitre, 07 salt, which

sisse vehementibus gestationibus corpus, in lu ultra quam sitis coget : poteritque a balneo
mine habuisse, imperasse famem, sitim, vigi etiam pinguius, aut dulcius dari vínum ; po
liam prodest. Utile est etiam ducere in bal terit semel, aut bis interponi Græcum salsum.
neum, prius demittere in solium, tum ungere, Contra vero, si corpus profluet, sudor coercen
iterum ad solium redire, multaque aqua fovere dus, quies adhibenda erit ; tenebris, somnoque,
inguina ; interdum etiam oleum in solio cum quandocunque volet, utendum ; non nisi leni
aqua calida miscere ; uti cibo serius et rarius, gestatione corpus agitandum, et pro genere
tenui, simplici, molli, calido, exiguo ; maxi mali subveniendum. Num si venter fluit, aut
meque oleribus, qualia sunt, lapathum, urtica, si stomachus non continet, ubi febris decrevit,
malva ; vel jure etiam concharum, musculo liberaliter oportet aquam tepidam potui dare,
rumve, aut locustarum : neque danda caro, et vomere cogere ; nisi aut fauces, aut præ
nisi elixa, est. At potio esse debet magis libe cordia, aut latus dolet, aut vetus morbus est.
ralis, et ante cibum, et post hunc, et cum hoc, Si vero sudor exercet, duranda cutis est nitro,
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 171
miscentur cum oleo : ac si id vitium est levius, corpus
are mixed with oil : and if that disease is slighter, the body (est)
ungendum oleo ; si vehementius, rosâ, vel melino, vel
to be anointed with oil; if more violent, with rose, 01 quince, Or
myrteo, cui austerum vinum sit adjectum. Autem quisquis
myrtle oil, to which rough wine may be added. But whoever
est æger fluore, cum venit in balneum, est prius
is ill with a flux, when he comes into the bath, is first
ungendus, deinde demittendus in solium. Si vitium est
to be anointed, then to be lowered into the solium. If the disease is
in cute, utetur quoque frigidâ melius quam calidâ aquâ.
in the skin, he will use also cold better than hot water.
Ubi ventum est (impers.) ad cibum, is (cibus) debet dari valens,
When it is come to food, it ought to be given strong,
frigidus, siccus, simplex, qui possit corrumpi minime quam ,
cold, dry, simple, which can be corrupted the least possible,
tostus panis, assa caro, austerum vinum, vel certe subausterum ;
toasted bread, roasted flesh, rough wine, or at least roughish ;
si venter profluit, calidum ; si sudores nocent, ve vomitus
if the belly is relaxed, hot; if sweatings hurt, or vomitings
sunt, frigidum.
are present, cold.

CAP. VII.
CHAP. VII.
Curatio pestilentium Febrium.
Cure of pestilential Fevers.
1. Casus etiam pestilentiæ in febribus desiderat propriam
The case also ofpestilence in fevers requires special
animadversionem. In hâc (sc. pestilentiâ) est minime utile
consideration. In this it is by no means advantageous
uti aut fame aut medicamentis, aut ducere alvum .
to employ either fasting or medicines, or to clyster the belly.
Si vires sinunt, mittere sanguinem est optimum ; que præcipue
If the strength permit, to let blood is best ; and especially
si febris est cum dolore : si id est parum tutum,
if the fever is (attended) with pain : if that is not safe,
ubi febris levata est, purgare pectus vomitu. Sed
when the accession has been abated, to cleanse the chest by nomiting . But

vel sale, quæ cum oleo miscentur: ac si levius certe subausterum ; si venter profluit, calidum ;
id vitium rosa, si sudores nocent, vomitusve sunt, frigidum.
mentius, vel corpus
est, oleo melino,ungendum ; sicuivehe
vel myrteo, vi
num austerum sit adjectum. Quisquis autem CAP. VII. - Febrium pestilentium Curatio.
fluore æger est, cum venit in balneum, prius 1. DESIDERAT etiam propriam animadversio
ungendus, deinde in solinm demittendus est. nem in febribus pestilentiæ casus. In hac mi
Si in cute vitium est, frigida quoque, quam nime utile est, aut fame, aut medicamentis
calida aqua melius utetur. Ubi ad cibum ven. uti, aut ducere alvum. Si vires sinunt, san
tum est, dari debet is valens, frigidus, siccus, ; præcipueque, si
simplex, qui quam minime corrumpi possit,
guinem mittere
cum dolore febris est : si est
optimum id parum tutum est,
panis tostus, caro assa, vinum austerum, vel ubi febris levata est, vomitu pectus purgare.
I2
172 A. CORN. CELSI

est opus ducere in balneum maturius in hoc quam in aliis

it is necessary to lead into the bath earlier in this than in other
morbis ; dare calidum et meracius vinum, et omnia
diseases ; to give hot and purer wine, and all things
glutinosa: inter quæ carnem quoque ejusdem generis. Nam
glutinous: among which flesh also ofthe same kind. For
quo celerius tempestates ejusmodi corripiunt, eo maturius
the more quickly pestilential attacks of this sort seize, the earlier
sunt auxilia rapienda, etiam cum quâđam temeritate. Quod
are remedies to be caught at, even with a degree of rashness. But
si est puer qui laborat, neque est ejûs robur tantum ut
if it is a child who suffers, nor is his strength 80 great that
sanguis possit mitti, utendum est cucurbitulis ei ; alvus
blood can be let, we must apply the cupping-glasses to him ; the belly
ducenda vel aquâ vel cremore ptisanæ ; tum demum
to be clystered either by water or by the cream ofptisan ; then at length
nutriendus levibus cibis. Et pueri debent non
he
(nesis) to be supported bylight foods. And children ought not
curari ex toto sic ut viri. Ergo, ut in quoque alio
to be treated altogether like as men. Therefore, as in evcry other
genere morborum, est agendum parcious in his ; non
kind of diseases, we must deal more tenderly with them ; not
facile mittere sanguinem, non facile ducere alvum, non cruciare
readily to let blood, not readily to clyster the belly, not to tease
vigiliâ ve fame, aut nimiâ siti ; non curare vino.
with waking or fasting, or too much thirst ; not to treat by wine.
Vomitus post febrem est eliciendus ; deinde cibus ex
Vomiting after an accession is to be provoked ; afterwards food of
levissimis dandus ; tum is dormiat ; que postero die, si
the lightest to be given ; then he should sleep ; and on the next day, if
febris manet, abstineatur ; tertio redeat ad
the accession continue, he should be restrained ; on the third he should return to
similem cibum . Que opera est danda, quantum potest fieri,
similar food. And pains is to be taken, as far as can be done ,
ut, inter opportunam abstinentiam que opportunos cibos, cæteris
that, between seasonable abstinence and seasonable foods, other things
omissis , nutriatur.
being omitted, he be supported.
2. Vero si ardens febris extorret, nulla potio medicamenti est
But if an ardent ever parches, no potion of medicine is
danda ; sed est refrigerandus in accessionibus ipsis
to be given; but he is to be cooled in the accessions themselves

Sed in hoc maturius, quam in aliis morbis, ut in alio quoque genere morborum, parcius
ducere in balneum opus est ; vinum calidum, in his agendum est ; non facile sanguinem
et meracius dare, et omnia glutinosa; inter mittere, non facile ducere alvum, non cruciare
quæ carnem quoque generis ejusdem. Nam quo vigilia, fameve, aut nimia eliciendus
siti, non vino cu
est: de
celerius ejusmodi tempestates corripiunt, eo rare. Vomitus post febrem
maturius auxilia, etiam cum quadam temeri inde dandus cibus ex levissimis ; tum is dor
tate, rapienda sunt. Quod si puer est, qui la absti
febris manet,redeat.
miat ; posteroque die,similem
si
borat, neque tantum robur ejus est, ut sanguis neatur; tertio, ad cibum
mitti possit, cucurbitulis ei utendum est; du Dandaque opera quantum fieri potest, ut
cenda alvus vel aqua, vel ptisauæ cremore ; inter opportunamest,abstinentiam cibosque op
tum demum levibus cibis nutriendus. Et ex portunos, omissis ceteris, nutriatur.
toto non sic pueri, ut viri, curari debent. Ergo, 2. Si vero ardens febris extorret, nulla medi
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 173
2 oleo et aquâ ; quæ sunt miscenda manu, donec
with oil and water; which are to be mixed with the hand, until
albescant : est tenendus eo conclavi, quo possit trahere
they become white : (he to bekept inthat chamber, in which he can breathe
multum et purum aërem ; neque strangulandus multis
much and pure air ; nor to be suffocated with many
vestimentis, sed velandus tantum admodum levibus. Etiam
clothes, but to be covered only with very light ones. Also
folia vitis tincta in frigidâ aquâ possunt imponi super
leaves ofthe vine steeped in cold water may be placed upon
stomachum. Ac est ne vexandus quidem nimiâ siti.
the stomach. And he is not to be teased even with too great thirst.
Est alendus maturius , id est a tertio die, et
He is to be supported earlier, that is from the third day , and
perungendus ante cibum iisdem. Si pituita
to be anointed before food with thesame (oil and water). If phlegm
coiit in stomacho , accessione jam inclinatâ, est
has collected in the stomach, the accession being now inclined, he is
cogendus vomere ; tum frigidum olus, aut pomum ex
to be forced to vomit ; then cold vegetables, or orchard fruit from
iis quæ conveniunt stomachum dandum . Si stomachus
those which agree with the stomach ought to be given. If the stomach
manet siccus, protinus cremor vel ptisanæ, vel alicæ, vel
continue dry, immediately cream either of ptisan, or ofmaize, or
oryzæ, est dandus, cum quo recens adeps cocta sit.
of rice, is to be given, with which fresh lard has been boiled.
Vero cum morbus est in . summo incremento, utique
But when the disease is at its greatest height (acme), certainly
non ante quartum diem, magnâ siti antecedente, frigida aqua
not before thefourth day, great thirst preceding, cold water
est præstanda copiose, ut bibat etiam ultra satietatem ;
is to be given abundantly, that he may drink even beyond satiety;
et cum jam venter et præcordia sunt repleta ultra
and when now the belly and the præcordia has been filled beyond
modum, que satis refrigerata, debet vomere. Quidam quidem
due bounds, and sufficiently cooled, he ought to vomit. Some indeed
ne exigunt vomitum ; sed utuntur tantum frigida aquâ ipsâ,
do not require a vomit; but use only the cold water itself,
datâ ad satietatem, pro medicamento. Ubi utrumlibet factum est,
given to satiety, for a medicine. When either hasbeen done,
est operiendus multâ veste, et collocandus ut
he is to becovered with plenty of clothing, and to be placed so that

camenti danda potio est ; sed in ipsis acces mum, ex iis, quæ stomacho conveniunt. Si
sionibus oleo et aqua refrigerandus est, quæ siccus manet stomachus, protinus vel ptisanæ,
miscenda manu sunt,quodonec
conclavi tenendus, multumalbescant ; eo vel alicæ, vel oryza cremor, dandus est, cum
et purum quo recens adeps cocta sit. Cum vero in sum
aërem trahere possit ; neque multis vestimentis mo incremento morbus est, utique non ante
strangulandus, sed admodum levibus tantum quartum diem, magna siti antecedente, frigida
velandus est. Possunt etiam super stomachum aqua satietatem;
copiose præstanda est, ut bibat etiam
et cum jam venter et præ
imponi folia vitis in aqua frigida tincta. Ac ultra
ne siti quidem nimia vexandus est. Alendus cordiasunt, ultra modum repleta, satisque refrige
maturius est, id est, a die tertio ; et ante cibum rata
quidem
vomere debet. Quidam ne vomitum
exigunt
iisdem perungendus. Si pituita in stomacho ad satietatem data, pro ; sed ipsa aquafrigida tantum,
coiit, inclinata jam accessione, vomere cogen Ubi utrumlibet factum est, medicamento utuntur.
dus est ; tum dandum frigidum olus, aut po | multa veste operi
174 A. CORN. CELSI

dormiat ; que fere post longam sitim et vigiliam, post

he may sleep ; and generally after long thirst and watching, after
multam satietatem, post infractum calorem, plenus somnus venit,
much satiety, after abated heat, a sound sleep comes on,
per quem ingens sudor effunditur ; que id est
during which copious sweat is pouredforth ; and that (circumstance) is
præsentissimum auxilium : sed in iis, tamen, in quibus præter
the most effectual relief: but in those, however, in whom besides
calorem, sunt nulli dolores, nullus tumor præcordiorum ; nihil
the heat, (there no pains, no swelling ofthe præcordia ; nothing
prohibens vel in thorace, vel in pulmone, vel in faucibus ;
prohibiting either in the thorax, or in the lungs, or in thefauces .
fuit non ulcus, non dejectio, non profluvium alvi.
there has been no ulcer, no purging, no profluvium ofthe belly.
Autem si quis in febre hujusmodi, tussit leviter, neque
But if a person in afever ofthis sort, coughs slightly, neither
is conflictatur vehementi siti, neque debet bibere frigidam
should he be troubled with violent thirst, nor ought he to drink cold
aquam, sed est curandus eo modo quo præcipitur in
water, but is to be treated in that manner in which it is ordered in
ceteris febribus.
other fevers.

CAP. VIII.
CHAP. VIII.

Curatio Semitertiana.
Cure of a Semitertian.

Aut ubi est id genus tertianæ, quod medici appellant

Or when it is that kind oftertian, which physicians name
ἡμιτριταῖον (hemitritaion ), est opus magnâ curâ, ne id
semitertian, there is need ofgreater care, lest it
fallat. Enim habet plerumque frequentiores accessiones et
deceive. For it has generally morefrequent accessions and
decessiones, ut possit videri aliud genus morbi ; que
remissions, so that it may seem another kind ofdisease; and
febris porrigitur inter viginti quatuor et triginta sex
the paroxysm isprolonged to between twenty four and thirty six
horas ; ut, quod est idem, videatur esse non idem .
hours ; 80 that, what is the same, may seem to be not the same.

endus est, et collocandus, ut dormiat. Fere menti siti conflictatur, neque bibere aquam
que post longam sitim et vigiliam, post mul frigidam debet ; sed eo modo curandus est, quo
tam satietatem, post infractum calorem, ple in ceteris febribus præcipitur.
nus somnus venit, per quem ingens sudor
effunditur; idque præsentissimum auxilium CAP. VIII.- Semitertiana Curatio.AUT ubi
est : sed in iis tamen, in quibus præter ardo id genus tertianæ est quod uerperator medici
rem, nulli dolores, nullus præcordiorum tu appellant, magna cura opus est, ne id fallat.
mor; nihil prohibens, vel in thorace, vel in Habet enim plerumque frequentiores accessi
pulmone, vel in faucibus; non ulcus, non dejec ones decessionesque, ut aliud morbi genus
tio, non profluvium alvi fuit. Si quis autem in videri possit : porrigiturque febris interhoras
hujusmodi febre leviter tussit, is neque vehe viginti quatuor, et triginta sex; ut, quod idem
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 175
Et est magnopere necessarium, cibum neque dari nisi
And it is essentially necessary, thatfood neither begiven except
in eâ remissione quæ est vera (remissio) ; et ubi ea
in that remission which is the true one ; and when it
venit, dari protinus: que plurimi moriuntur subito
arrives, that it be given immediately ; and many die suddenly
sub alterutro errore curantis. Ac nisi aliqua res
under one or other error ofthe person treating. And unless 80me thing
magnopere prohibet, sanguis debet mitti inter
(circumstance) particularly prohibits, blood ought to be let at the
initium ; tum cibus (debet) dari, qui neque incitet
commencement ; then food to be given, which neither can increase
febrem , et tamen sustineat longum spatium ejûs.
the paroxysm, and still may sustain the long duration of it.

CAP. IX.
CHAP. IX.
Curatio lentarum Febrium.
The Cure of slow Fevers.
Nonnunquam lentæ febres etiam tenent corpus sine ulla
Sometimes slow fevers also hold the body without any
remissione ; ac est locus neque cibo, neque ulli remedio.
remission ; and there is time neither forfood, nor for any remedy.
In hoc casu cura medici debet esse ut mutet
In this case the care ofthe physician ought to be to change (that he may
morbum : enim fortasse fiet opportunior curationi.
change) the disease : for perhaps it will become more fitted for cure.
Igitur corpus ejûs est pertractandum sæpe ex frigidâ
Therefore the body ofhim (patient) is to be handled often with cold
aquâ cui oleum adjectum sit, quoniam interdum sic evenit,
water to which oil has been added, because sometimes it thus happens,
ut horror oriatur, et quoddam initium novi motûs
that shivering arise, and some beginning of a new action
fiat ; que ex eo, cum corpus magis incaluit, remissio
takeplace ; and from that, when the body has grown hotter, aremission
etiam sequatur. In his, frictio quoque ex oleo et sale
even may follow. In these, friction also with oil and salt
videtur salubris. At si est frigus diu, et torpor,
seems salutary. But if there is cold for along time, and torpor,

est, non idem esse videatur. Et magnopere sione

remediocorpus
locustenent
est. ; Inachoc
neque cibo,
casu nequecura
medici ulli
necessarium est, neque dari cibum, nisi in ea
remissione, quæ vera est ; et ubi ea venit, pro esse debet, ut morbum mutet : fortasse enim
tinus dari : plurimique sub alterutro curantis curationi opportunior fiet. Sæpe igitur ex
errore subito moriuntur. Ac, nisi magnopere aqua frigida, cui oleum sit adjectum, corpus
aliqua res prohibet, inter initia sanguis mitti ejus pertractandum est, quoniaminterdum sie
debet ; tum dari cibus, qui neque incitet fe evenit, ut horror oriatur, et fiat initium quod
brem, et tamen longum ejus spatium sustineat. dam novisequatur
incaluit, motus ; exque eo, cum magis
etiamremissio. corpus
In hisfrie
CAP. IX.-Lentarum
NUNQUAM etiam lentæ Febrium Curatio,
febres sine ulla-NON-
remis- tio quoque
si díu frigusexest,
oleoetettorpor,
sale salubris videtur.
et jactatio At
corporis,
176 A. CORN. CELSI

et jactatio corporis, est non alienum dare tres aut quatuor

and jactation ofthe body, it is not improper to give three or four
cyathos mulsi in febre ipsâ, vel bene dilutum vinum
glasses ofhonied wine during the paroxysm itself, or well diluted wine
cum cibo. Enim sæpe febris intenditur ex eo ; et major
with thefood. For often the fever is increased by it; and greater
calor ortus simul et tollit priora
heat (having) arisen at the same time both carries off the former
mala, et ostendit spem remissionis que curationis in
bad symptoms, and holds out the hope ofa remission and ofcure in
eâ (sc. remissione). Neque hercules est ista curatio nova,
it. Nor truly is that (method of) treatment new,
quâ nunc quidam interdum sanant contrariis remediis
by which even now some sometimes heal by contrary remedies
ægros traditos sibi, qui trahebantur sub cautioribus
patients delivered to them, who were treated under more cautious
medicis. Siquidem apud antiquos quoque, ante
physicians. Since among the ancients also, before
Herophilum et Erasistratum , que maxime post Hippocratem,
Herophilus and Erasistratus, and especially after Hippocrates,
fuit quidam Petro, qui ubi acceperat hominem
there was a certain Petro, who when he had received a person
febricitantem, operiebat multis vestimentis, ut simul
sufferingfromfever, covered him with much clothing, so that at the same time
excitaret ingentem calorem que sitim. Deinde ubi febris
he excited great heat and thirst. Then when thefever
cœperat remitti paulum, dabat frigidam aquam potui ; ac
had begun to be remitted a little, he gave cold water for drink ; and
si moverat sudorem , judicabat se explicuisse ægrum ; si
if he had excited sweating, he judged that he had relieved the patient; if
non moverat, ingerebat etiam plus frigidæ aquæ, et tum
he had not excited it, he ingested even more (of) cold water, and then
cogebat vomere. Si liberaverat (eum) febre alterutro
he forcedhim to vomit. If he hadfreed him from fever by one or other
modo, protinus dabat assam suillam et vinum homini ; si
method, he immediately gave roast pork and wine to the man ; if
non liberaverat, decoquebat aquam, sale adjecto, que cogebat
he had not freed him, he boiled water, salt being added, and forced him
bibere eam , ut movendo ventrem purgaret. Et intra
to drink it, that by moving the belly he might cleanse him. And within
hæc omnis ejús medicina erat ; que ea fuit non minus
these things all his medicine was; and it was not less

non alienum est, in ipsa febre dare mulsi tres acceperat, multis vestimentis operiebat, ut
aut quatuor cyathos, vel cum cibo vinum bene simul calorem ingentem, sitimque excitaret :
dilutum. Intenditur enim sæpe ex eo febris ; deinde, ubi paulum remitti cœperat febris,
et major ortus calor simul et priora mala tol aquam frigidam potui dabat ; ac, si moverat
lit,
ostendit. remissionis,
et spemNeque, hercules, istaeacuratio
inque curationis
nova sudorem, explicuisse se ægrum judicabat ; si
non moverat, plus etiam aquæ frigidæ ingere
est, qua nunc quidam traditos sibi gros, qui bat, et tum vomere cogebat. Si alterutro modo
sub cautioribus
contrariis medicis
remediis trahebantur,
sanant. Siquideminterdum
apud febre liberaverat, protinus suillam assam, et
vinum homini dabat : si non liberaverat, deco
antiquos quoque ante Herophilum et Erasis quebat aquam sale adjecto, eamque bibere co
tratum, maximeque
Petro quidam, qui febricitantem hominem fuit
post Hippocratem ubi gebat, ut movendo
hæc omnis ventrempurgaret.
ejus medicina erat : eaque nonEtminus
intra
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 177
grata iis quos successores Hippocratis non refecerant,
greeable to those whom the successors ofHippocrates had not recovered,
quam est nunc iis quos tractos diu, æmuli
than it is now to those whom treated for a longtime, thefollower
Herophili et Erasistrati non expedierunt. Neque est ista
ofHerophilus and of Erasistratus have not relieved . Nor is that
medicina non ideo temeraria tamen ; quia interimit
treatment not therefore rash notwithstanding ; because itkills
plures, si excepit protinus a principiis. Sed, cum
many, if it has taken them immediately from the beginnings. But, since
eadem possint non convenire omnibus, quos ratio non
the same things cannot suit all, whom reason has not
restituit, temeritas fere adjuvat. Que ideo medici
restored, rashness frequently assists. And therefore physicians
ejusmodi nutriunt alienos ægros melius quam suos.
of that sort diet other men's patients morehappily than their own.
Sed est quoque circumspecti hominis et novare interdum ,
But it is the part also ofa prudent man both to change sometimes,
et augere morbum, et accendere febres ; quia ubi id
and to increase the disease, and to heighten fevers ; because when that
quod est non recipit curationem, id quod est futurum
which is present does not admit of cure, that which is about to happen
potest recipere.
may admit of it.

CAP. X.
CHAP. X.

Topica Remedia in Febre.

Topical Remedies in Fever.
Etiam considerandum est, ne febres sint solæ, anl
Also we ought to consider, whether the fevers be alone (simple), or
alia mala quoque accedant his ; id est, num
other maladies also be added to them ; that is, whether
caput doleat, num lingua sit aspera, num
the head be painful, whether the tongue be rough, whether
præcordia sint intenta. Si sunt dolores capitis, oportet
the præcordia be tense. If there are pains ofthe head, it is necessary
miscere rosam cum aceto, et ingerere in id : deindè
to mix roseoil with vinegar, and to throw it upon (apply it to) it: then

grata fuit iis, quos Hippocratis successores quoque hominis, et novare interdum, et augere
non refecerant, quam nunc est iis, quos Hero morbum, et febres accendere; quia curationem ,
phili vel Erasistrati æmuli diu tractos non ubi id, quod est, non recipit, potest recipere
expedierunt. Neque ideo tamen non est teme id, quod futurum est.
raria ista medicina ; quia plures, si protinus
aprincipiis excepit, interimit. Sed cum eadem CAP. X. -Remedia topica in Febre. - CONSIDE
omnibus convenire non possint, fere, quos RANDUM est etiam, febresne solæ sint, an alia
ratio non restituit, temeritas adjuvat. Ideo quoque his mala accedant ; id est, num caput
que ejusmodi medici melius alienos ægros, doleat, num lingua aspera, num præcordia in
quam suos, nutriunt. Sed est circumspecti tenta sint. Si capitis dolores sunt, rosam cum
13
178 A. CORN. CELSI
habere duo pittacia, quæ æquent longitudinem que latitudinem
to have two cloths, which should equal the length and breadth
frontis ; habere, invicem, alterum ex his in aceto
oftheforehead ; to have, by turns, the one of these in the vinegar
et rosâ, alterum in fronte ; aut imponere succidam
and rose oil, the other on the forehead ; or to put on juicy
lanam intinctam in iisdem. Si acetum offendit, utendum est
wool steeped in the same. If the vinegar offends, we must use
purâ rosâ ; si rosa ipsa lædit, acerbo oleo. Si
pure rose oil; if the rose oil itself is unpleasant, bitter oil. If
ista juvant parum, vel arida iris, vel amaræ nuces, vel
these things benefit little, either dried orris , or bitter walnuts, or
quælibet herba ex refrigerantibus potest teri: quidlibet quorum
any herb of the refrigerants may be bruised : any one of which
impositum ex aceto, minuit dolorem ; sed aliud
put on out of (with) vinegar, lessens the pain ; but adifferent one
magis in alio. Panis etiam injectus cum papavere, vel
more in a different person. Bread also applied with poppy, or
cum rosâ, cerussâ, ve spuma argenti, juvat. Quoque olfacere
with rose oil, white lead, or litharge, benefits. Also to smell
vel serpyllum vel anethum est non alienum. At si est
either thyme or dill is not foreign (to the purpose). But if there is
inflammatio et dolor in præcordiis, reprimentia cataplasmata sunt
inflammation and pain in the præcordia, restringent cataplasms are
primo superimponenda ; ne, si fuerint calidora, plus
first to be placed over (the parts) ; lest, if they should be hotter, more
materiæ concurrat eo ; deinde ubi prima inflammatio remisit
matter may collect there ; afterwards when the first inflammation has remitted
se, tunc demum veniendum est ad calida et humida ; ut
itself, then at length we must have recourse to hot and moist ones; to
discutiant ea quæ remanserunt. Vero notæ inflammationis
disperse those things which have remained. But the signs ofinflammation
sunt quatuor, rubor, et tumor, cum calore et dolore. Quo
are four, redness, and swelling, with heat and pain. The
magis Erasistratus erravit, qui dixit esse nullam febrem
more has Erasistratus erred, who said that there was no fever
sine hâc. Ergo, si est dolor sine inflammatione,
without it. Therefore, if there is pain without inflammation ,
nihil est imponendum : enim febris ipsa statim solvet
nothi ng is to be applied : for the fever itself will immediately remove
hunc. At si est neque inflammatio neque febris, sed tantum
it. But if there is neither inflammation nor fever, but only

aceto miscere oportet, et in id ingerere : deinde , lum, vel anethum, non alienum est. At si in
habere duo pittàcia, quæ frontis latitudinem, præcordiis inflammatio et dolor est, primo
longitudinemque sequent ; ex his invicem alte superimponenda sunt cataplasmata reprimen
rum in aceto et rosa habere, alterum in fronte ; tia ; ne, si calidiora fuerint, plus eo materia
autintinctamiisdem lanam succidamimponere. concurrat ; deinde, ubi prima inflammatio se
Siacetumoffendit, purarosautendum est; si rosa remisit tunc demum ad calida et humida ve
ipsa lædit,oleo acerbo. Si ista parum juvant,teri niendum est ; ut ea, quæ remanserunt, discu
potest vel iris arida, vel nuces amaræ, vel quæ tiant. Notæ vero inflammationis sunt qua
libet herba ex refrigerantibus : quorum quidli tuor, rubor, et tumor, cum calore, et dolore.
bet ex aceto impositum, dolorem minuit ; sed Quo magis erravit Erasistratus, qui febrem
magis aliud
papavere in alio. vel
injectus; Juvat
cumetiam
rosa,panis cum nullam sine hac esse dixit. Ergo si sine in
cerussa, flammatione dolor est, nihil imponendum est:
spumave argenti. Olfacere quoque vel serpyl hunc enim statim ipsa febris solvet. At si
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 179
dolor præcordiorum, licet (sc. nobis) protinus uti calidis et
pain ofthe præcordia, we may immediately use hot and
siccis fomentis. Vero si lingua est sicca et scabra, est
- dry fomentations. But if the tongue is dry and furred, it is
primum detergenda penicillo ex calidâ aquâ : deinde ungenda
first to be wiped with a sponge out of warm water : then to be anointed
rosa et melle mixtis inter se. Mel
with rose oil and honey mixed among themselves (together). The honey
purgat, rosa reprimit, que simul non sinit
cleanses, the rose oil restringes, and at the same time does not permit it
siccescere. At si est non scabra, sed arida, ubi detersa est
to grow dry. But if it is not furred, but dry, when ithas been wiped
penicillo, debet ungi rosâ, cui paulum ceræ
withthe sponge, it ought to be anointed with rose oil, to which a little was
adjectum sit.
has been added.

CAP. XI.
CHAP. XI.
Remedia contra Frigus.
Remedies against Cold.
Frigus etiam solet esse ante febres ; que vel
Cold also is accustomed tobe before (to precede) fevers; and even
id est molestissimum genus morbi. Ubi id exspectatur ,
that is a very troublesome kind of disease. When that is expected,
æger est prohibendus omni potione: enim hæc data paulo
the patient is to be prohibited from all drink : for this given a little
ante adjicit multum malo. Item est tegendus maturius
before adds much to the evil. Also he is to be covered earlier
multâ veste : sicca et calida fomenta admovenda iis
with much clothing: dry and hot fomentations are tobe applied to those
partibus, pro quibus metuimus, sic vehementissimi calores ne
parts, for which we fear, 80 that the most intense heats do not
statim incipiant, sed increscant paulatim ; eæ partes quoque
immediately commence, but increase gradually ; those parts also
sunt perfricandæ manibus unctis ex vetere oleo, que aliquid
are to be rubbed by the hands anointed with old oil, and some one
ex califacientibus adjiciendum ei : que quidam medici sunt contenti
of the califacients to be added to it: and some physicians are content

neque inflammatio, neque febris, sed tantum simum morbi genus est. Ubi id exspectatur,
præcordiorum omni potione prohibendus ægerest : hæc enim
siccis fomentis dolor est, Siprotinus
uti licet. calidis
vero lingua et
sicca paulo ante data, multum malo adjicit. Item
et scabra est, detergenda primum penicillo est maturius veste multa tegendus est : admo
ex aqua calida : deinde ungenda mixtis inter venda partibus iis, pro quibus metuimus, sicca
ae rosa et melle. Mel purgat, rosa reprimit, et calida fomenta, sic, ne statim vehementis
simulque siccescere non sinit. At si scabra simi calores incipiant, sed paulatim incre
non est, sed arida, ubi penicillo detersa est, scant: perfricandæ quoque eæ partes manibus
ungi rosa debet, cui ceræ paulum sit adjectum. unctis ex vetere oleo sunt, eique adjiciendum
aliquid ex calefacientibus ; contentique medici
CAP. XI.-Remedia contraFrigus.- SOLET etiam quidamInuna frictione, etiam ex quolibet oleo,
ante febres esse frigus ; idque vel molestis sunt. harum febrium remissionibus non
 180 A. CORN. CELSI
1
unâ frictione, ex etiam quolibet oleo. In remissionibus
with a single friction, with even any oil. In the remissions
harum febrium nonnulli dant tres aut quatuor cyathos sorbitionis,
ofthese fevers some give three or four cups ofgruel,
febre etiamnum manente : deinde, eâ bene finitâ, reficiunt
the fever even as yet remaining : then, it being well ended, they refresh
stomachum frigido et levi cibo. Ego puto hoc tum
the stomach with cold and light food. I think that this ought then
tentandum, cum cibus datus semel, et post. febrem , prodest parum.
to be tried, when food given once, and after the fever, avails little.
Sed prospiciendum est curiose, tempus remissionis ne
But we must look out carefully, that the time ofthe remission do not
decipiat: enim sæpe quoque in hoc genere valetudinis febris
deceive (us): for often also in this kind of ill health the fever
videtur jam minui, et rursus intenditur. Itaque
seems , now to be diminished, and again is increased. Therefore
credendum est ei remissioni, quæ etiam immoratur et minuit
we must trust that remission, which also continues and diminishes
jactationem , que quendam fætorem oris, quem Græci
thejactation, and a certain fœtor ofthe mouth, which the Greeks
vocant ὄζην (ozen ). Illud satis convenit, si accessiones
call ozæna. This is sufficiently agreed upon, if the accessions
sunt quotidie pares, parvum cibum esse dandum quotidie ;
are daily similar, that a little food is to be given daily;
si impares, cibum esse dandum post graviorem ; aquam-mulsam,
if dissimilar, thatfood ) after the more severe ; hydromel,
post leviorem .
after the lighter.

CA XII.
CHAP. XII.
" Curatio Horroris.
The Cure of Shivering.
Autem horror fere antecedit eas febres, quæ habent
But shivering generally precedes those fevers, which have
certum circuitum , et remittuntur ex toto ; que sunt ideo
a certain period, and are remitted entirely ; and they are on that account
tutissimæ, que maxime admittant curationes. Nam ubi tempora
safest, and mostly admit of cures. For when the periods

nulli tres aut quatuor sorbitionis cyathos, nit, si quotidie pares accessiones sunt, quo
etiamnum manente febre, dant ; deinde, ea tidie parvum cibum dandum: si impares, post
bene finita, reficiunt stomachum cibo frigido
et levi. Ego tum hoc puto tentandum, cum mulsam. cibum ; post leviorem, aquam
graviorem,
parum cibus, semel et post febrem datus, pro
dest. Sed curiose prospiciendum est, in ne tem CAP. XII.-Horroris Curatio.-HORROR autem
pus remissionis decipiat : sæpe enim hoc eas fere febres antecedit, quæ certum habent
quoque genere valetudinis jam minui febris circuitum, et ex toto remittuntur ; ideoque
videtur, et rursus intenditur. Itaque ei remis tutissimæ sunt, maximeque curationes ad
sioni credendum est, quæ etiam immoratur, et mittunt. Nam ubi incerta tempora sunt, ne
jactationem, fotoremque quendam oris, quem que
nequealvi ductio, neque aliud
balneum,
By Græci vocant, minuit. Illud satis conve medicamentum recteneque vinum,
datur. In
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 181
sunt incerta, neque ductio alvi, neque balneum, neque vinum, neque
are uncertain, neither clystering, nor the bath, nor wine, nor
aliud medicamentum datur recte. Enim est incertum quando
any (other) medicine is given rightly. For it is uncertain when
febris ventura sit : ita potest fieri, ut, si venerit
the accession will come on : 80 it may happen, that, if it should come on
subito, summa pernicies sit in eo, quod inventum est
suddenly, the greatest injury may be in that, which has been devised
causâ auxilii. Que nihil aliud potest fieri, quam ut
for the sake ofaid. And nothing else can be done, than that
æger bene abstineatur primis diebus ; deinde, sub
the patient be thoroughly restrained on the first days; then, at the
decessu ejús febris, quæ est gravissima, ut sumat cibum.
departure ofthat paroxysm, which is the worst, that he take food.
At ubi circuitus est certus, omnia illa tentantur facilius :
But when the period is certain, all these things are attempted more easily:
quia magis possumus proponere nobis vices et
because we are better able to propose to ourselves the periods both
accessionum et decessionum. Autem in his, cum
ofthe accessions and remissions. But in these, when
inveteraverunt, fames est non utilis : pugnandum est
they have inveterated, abstinence is not serviceable : we must oppose
eâ (sc. fame) primis diebus tantummodo ; deinde curatio est
by it on the first days only ; then the treatment is
dividenda, et ante horror, tum febris discutienda.
to be divided, and first the shivering, then the fever is to be shaken off.
Igitur cum aliquis primum inhorruit, et incaluit ex
Therefore when any one has first shivered, and has become hot after
horrore, oportet dare ei tepidam subsalsam aquam
the shivering, it is necessary to give to him warm saltish water
potui, et cogere eum vomere : nam talis horror fere oritur
for drink, and toforce him to vomit : for such shivering mostly arises
ab iis quæ resederunt biliosa in stomacho. Idem
from those (things) which have settled bilious upon the stomach. The same
est faciendum , si accessit æque quoque proximo circuitu : enim
is to be done, if it has come on alike also at the next period : for
sic sæpe discutitur. Que jam licet (sc. nobis) scire, quod
thus often it is shaken off. And now we may know, what
genus febris sit. Itaque sub exspectatione proximæ
kind offever it is. Therefore in the expectation ofthe next
accessionis, quæ, tertia potest instare, est deducendus
paroxysm, which, as the third may be at hand, he is to be led down

certum est enim, quando febris ventura sit: ratio est, et ante horror, tum febris discutienda.
ita fieri potest, ut, si subito venerit, summa in Igitur cum primum aliquis inhorruit, et ex
eo pernicies sit, quod auxilii causa sit inven horrore
dam aquam incaluit, dare ei etoportet
subsalsam, vomerepotui
eumtepiCo
tum. Nihilque aliud fieri potest, quam ut pri
mis diebus bene abstineatur æger; deinde, sub gere : nam
biliosa fere talisresederunt.
in stomacho horror ab iisIdem
oritur,facien
quæ
decessu
sumat. febris
At ubiejus, quæ circuitus
certus gravissimaest,est,facilius
cibum
dum est,sæpe
cessit: si proximo
enim sicquoque circuitu æque
discutitur. ac
Jamque,
omnia illa tentantur ; quia magis proponere
nobis et accessionum et decessionum
sumus. In his autem, cum inveteraverunt, vices pos quod genus febris sit, scire licet. Itaque sub
exspectatione proximæ accessionis, quæ in
utilis fames non est : primis tantummodo die stare tertia potest, deducendus in balneum
bus ea pugnandum est; deinde dividenda cu est ; dandaque opera, ut per tempus horroris
182 A. CORN. CELSI
in balneum ; que opera danda ut sit in
into the bath; and pains to be given (care to be taken) that he may be in
solio per tempus horroris. Si senserit ibi
the solium during the time ofthe shivering. Although he should feel it there
quoque, nihilominus faciat idem sub exspectatione quartæ
also, nevertheless he should do the same in expectation ofthe fourth
accessionis : siquidem is sæpe discutitur quoque eo modo.
paroxysm : for as much as it often is shaken off also in that manner.
Si balneum quidem ne profuit, edat allium ante
If the bath even has not benefited, he should eat garlick before
accessionem, aut bibat calidam aquam cum pipere : siquidem ea
the accession , or drink warm water with pepper : since those things
assumta, quoque movent calorem, qui non admittit horrorem.
(being) taken, also excite heat, which does not admit of shivering.
Deinde operiatur eodem modo quo
Afterwards he should be covered in the same manner in which
præceptum est in frigore, antequam possit inhorrescere: que
it has been directed in cold, before that he can begin to shiver : and
convenit circumdare totum corpus fomentis, sed protinus
it is suitable to surround the whole body withfomentations, but at thefirst
validioribus, que maxime exstinctis testis, et titionibus
the stronger ones, and particularly extinguished bricks, and cinders
involutis. Si, nihilominus, horror perruperit,
rolled up (in cloths). If, notwithstanding, the shivering should breakforth,
perfundatur inter vestimenta ipsa, multo oleo
he should be anointed between cloths themselves, with much oil
calefacto, cui aliquid ex calefacientibus æque adjectum sit :
made hot, to which some one of the calefacients as well has been added :
que frictio adhibeatur quantum is poterit sustinere, que
and friction should be applied as great as he shall be able to bear, and
maxime in manibus et pedibus ; et ipse contineat spiritum.
especially on the hands and feet; and he himself should hold in his breath.
Neque desistendum est, etiamsi est horror : enim pertinacia
Nor ought we to cease, although there is shivering: for the perseverance
juvantis sæpe vincit malum corporis. si
ofthe person assisting often overcomes the malady ofthe body. If
evomuit quid, tepida aqua danda, que est
he has vomited up any thing, warm water is to be given, and he is
cogendus vomere iterum, que utendum est eisdem donec
to be forced to vomit again, and we wust employ the same means until
horror finiatur. Sed præter hæc, alvus est ducenda
the shivering be terminated. But besides these, the belly is to be clystered

in solio sit. Si ibi quoque senserit, nihilo nibus. Si nihilominus horror perruperit,
minus idem sub exspectatione quarta acces muito oleo calefacto inter ipsa vestimenta
sionis faciat: siquidem eo quoque modo sæpe perfundatur, cui æque ex calefacientibus ali
is discutitur. Si ne balneum quidem profuit, quid sit adjectum ; adhibeaturque frictio,
ante accessionem allium edat, aut bibat ca quantam is sustinere poterit, maximeque in
lidam aquam cum pipere ; siquidem ea quoque manibus et pedibus ; et spiritum ipse conti
assumta neat. Neque desistendum est, etiamsi horror
admittit. calorem movent,modo,
Deinde eodem qui quo
horrorem non
in frigore est : sæpe enim pertinacia juvantis malum
præceptum est, antequam iuhorrescere possit, corporis vincit. Si quid evomuit, danda aqua
operiatur: fomentisque, sed protinus validio tepida, iterumque
ribus, totum corpus circumdare convenit, dumque eisdem est,vomere
donec cogendus est ; uten
horror finiatur. Sed
maximeque involutis exstinctis testis et titio præter hæc ducenda alvus est, si tardius hor
 M DICINE LIB. III. 183
si horror quiescet tardius: siquidem id quoque prodest corpore
if the shivering shall cease more slowly: since that also benefits bythe body
exonerato. Que ultima auxilia post hæc sunt gestatio et
being unloaded. And the last aids after these are gestation and
frictio. Autem cibus qui præstet alvum mollem est maxime
friction. But food which renders the belly 80ft is mostly
dandus in morbis ejusmodi ; glutinosa caro ; vinum, cum
to be given in diseases ofthis sort; glutinous flesh ; wine, when
dabitur, austerum.
it shall be given,រូ
ត្ rough. វ ម

CAP. XIII.
CHAP. XIII.

Curatio Quotidianæ.
The Cure of a Quotidian.
Hæc pertinent ad omnes circuitus febrium : tamen
These things pertain to all the periods offevers : nevertheless
singulæ (sc.febres ) sunt discernendæ, sicut habent dissimilem
the individual ones are to be distinguished, a8 they have a dissimilar
rationem (sc. circuituum) . Si est quotidiana, magnopere oportet
order. If it is a quotidian, it is essentially necessary
abstinere primo triduo, tum uti cibis quoque altero die.
to abstain for thefirst three days, then to use foods every other day.
Si res inveteraverit, experiri balneum et vinum post
If the thing have inveterated, to try the bath and wine after
febrem ; que magis, si, horrore sublato, hæc (sc. febris)
the paroxysm ; and the more, if, the shivering being removed, this
superest
remains.

CAP. XIV.
CHAP. XIV.
Curatio Tertiana.
The Cure of a Tertian.
Vero si est tertiana, quæ intermittit ex toto, aut quartana ;
But if it is a tertian, which intermits perfectly, or a quartan ;

ror quiescet : siquidem id quoque exonerato dæ

benttamen singulæ Sisunt,
dissimilem. sicut rationem
quotidiana ha
est, triduo
corpore prodest. Ultimaque post hæc auxilia
sunt, gestatio et frictio. Cibus autem in ejusprimo magnopere abstinere oportet ; tum cibis
modí morbis maxime dandus est, qui mollem altero quoque die uti. Si res inveteraverit,
alvum præstet
dabitur, ; caro glutinosa ; vinum, cum
austerum. post febrem experiri balneum et vinum ; ma
gisque si, horrore sublato, hæc superest.
CAP. XIII.- Quotidiana Curatio. - HAC ad CAP. XIV.- Tertiana Curatio.- SI vero ter
omnes circuitus febrium pertinent : discernen tiana, quæ ex toto intermittit, aut quartana
184 A. CORN. CELSI

oportet et uti et ambulationibus que aliis exercitationibus,

it is necessary also to use both walkings and other exercises,
et unctionibus mediis diebus. Cleophantus, quidam ex
and anointings on the intermediate days. Cleophantus, one of
antiquioribus medicis, in hoc genere morborum, multo ante
the more ancient physicians, in this kind ofdiseases, long before
accessionem, perfundebat ægrum per caput multâ calidâ
the accession, used to bathe the patient over the head with much warm
aquâ, deinde dabat vinum. Quod Asclepiades, quamvis secutus est
water, then he gave wine. Which Asclepiades, although he followed
pleraque præcepta ejús viri, tamen recte præteriit : enim
most of the precepts of that man, yet rightly passed over: for
est anceps. Ipse, si febris est tertiana, dicit oportere
it is doubtful. He, if the fever is a tertian, says that it behooveth
alvum duci tertio die, post access ionem ; quinto
that the belly be clystered on the third day, after the accession ; on the fifth
elicere vomitum post horrorem ; deinde post febrem, sicut
to excite vomiting after the shivering; then after the paroxysm, as
mos erat illi, dare cibum et vinum adhuc calidis ;
thecustom was to him (was his custom), to give food and wine to them still hot ;
detineri in lectulo sexto die ; enim sic fore
to be kept in bed on the sixth day ; for 80 that it would happen
febris ne accedat septimo die. Verisimile est id
that theparoxysm would not come on on the seventh day. It is probable that that
posse sæpe fieri. Tamen, est tutius, ut utamur hoc ordine
may often happen. Nevertheless, it 18 safer, that we use this order
ipso, tentare tria. remedia vomitûs, ductionis alvi, vini
itself, to try the three remedies ofvomiting, clystering ofthe belly, wine
per triduum, id est tertio die, et quinto, et septimo ; nec
for three days, that is on the third day, and fifth, and seventh ; nor
bibat vinum septimo die, nisi post accessionem . Vero
should he drink wine on the seventh day, except after the accession. But
si morbus non discussus est primis diebus, que incidit in
if the disease has not been shaken off on the first days, and it falls into
vetustatem, contineat se in lectulo, die
oldness (long standing), he should keep himself เท bed, on the day
quo febris exspectabitur; perfricetur post febrem ;
on which the paroxysm shall be expected ; he should be rubbed after the paroxysm;
tum cibo assumto, bibat aquam ; postero die qui
then food being taken, he should drink water ; on the next day which
vacat, conquiescat ab exercitati one que unctione, contentus
isfree, he should refrain from exercise and anointing, content .

est ; mediis diebus, et ambulationibus uti adhuc calidis dare cibum et vinum ; sexto die,
oportet,
nibus. aliisque
Quidam exercitationibus,
ex antiquioribuset medicis
unctio in lectulo detineri ; sic enim fore, ne septimo
die febris accedat. Id sæpe fieri posse, veri
Cleophantus, in hoc genere morborum, multo simile est. Tutius tamen est, ut hoc ipso
ante accessionem, per caput ægrum multa ordine utamur, tria remedia, vomitus, alvi
calida aqua perfundebat, deinde vinum dabat. ductionis, vini, per triduum, id est, die tertio,
Quod, quamvis pleraque ejus viri præcepta et quinto, et septimo tentare : nec vinum, nisi
secutus est Asclepiades, recte tamen præteriit : post accessionem, die septimo bibat. Si vero
est enim anceps. Ipse, si tertiana febris est, primis diebus discussus morbus non est, in
tertio die post accessionem dicit alvum duci ciditque in vetustatem, quo die febris exspec
oportere ; quinto, post horrorem vomitum eli tabitur, in lectulo se contineat ; post febrem
cere ; deinde post febrem, sicut illi mos erat, perfricetur; tum, cibo assumto, bibat aquam ;
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 185
aquâ tantum . Et id quidem est optimum. Vero si imbecillitas
with water only. And that indeed is best. But if weakness
urgebit, debebit assumere et vinum post
shall oppress, he will be obliged (he ought) to take both wine after
febrem , et paulum cibi medio die.
the paroxysm, and a little food in the middle ofthe day.

CAP. XV.
CHAP. XV.
Curatio Quartanæ.
The Cure of a Quartan.
Eadem sunt facienda in quartanâ. Sed cum hæc
The same things are to be done in the quartan. But whereas this
finiatur admodum tarde, nisi discussa est primis
is terminated very slowly, except it has been shaken off on the first
diebus, (mihi) præcipiendum est diligentius ab initio, quid
days, I must lay down more carefully from the commencement, what
debeat fieri in eâ. Igitur si febris accessit cui,
ought to be done in it. Therefore if the paroxysm has come on any one,
cum horrore, que ea (febris) desiit, debet continere se eodem
with shivering, and it has ceased, he ought to restrain himself on the same
die, et postero, que tertio, et sumere calidam aquam
day , and the next, and on the third, and to take warm water
tantummodo primo die post febrem ; biduo proximo,
only on the first day after theparoxysm ; for the two days following,
ne quidem hanc, quan potest fieri. Si quarto die
tu
not even this, asfar asm it can be done. If on the fourth day
febris revertit cum horrore, vomere sicut ante præceptum est ;
the fever returnur s with shivering, to vomit 08 has been before directed ;
deinde post febrem , sumere modicum cibum, quadrantem vini ;
then after the paroxysm , to take moderate food, agill ofwine ;
abstinere postero die , que tertio, calidâ aquâ tantummodo
to abstain on the next day, and the third, warm water only
assumptâ, si est sitis. Septimo die, prævenire frigus
being taken , if there is thirst. On the seventh day, to prevent the cold
balneo ; si febris redierit ducere alvum ; ubi corpus
by the bath ; if the fever should return to clyster the belly ; when the body
conquieverit ex eo (sc. ducere alvum), vehementer perfricari in
shall have quieted from it, to be strongly rubbed during

postero die, qui vacat, ab exercitatione unc die et postero tertioque continere se debet, et
tioneque, aqua tantum contentus, conquiescat. aquam tantummodo calidam primo die post
Et id quidem optimum est. Si vero imbecil quantum fieri
febrem sumere ; biduo proximo,quarto die cum
litas urgebit, et post febrem vinum, et medio potest, ne hanc quidem. Si
die paulum cibi debebit assumere. horrore febris revertitur, vomere, sicut ante
præceptum est ; deinde post febrem, modicum
CAP. XV. Quartanæ Curatio. - EADEM in cibum sumere, vini quadrantem ; postero
quartana facienda sunt. Sed cum hæc tarde tertioque die abstinere, aqua tantummodo
admodum finiatur, nisi primis diebus discussa calida, si sitis est, assumta. Septimo die bal
est, diligentius ab initio præcipiendum est, neo frigus prævenire ; si febris redierit, ducere
quid in ea fieri debeat. Igitur si cui cum alvum ; ubi ex eo corpus conquieverit, in
horrore febris accessit, eaque desiit, eodem unctione vehementer perfricari ; eodem modo
 186 A. CORN. CELSI
unctione, sumere cibum et vinum eodem modo ; abstinere se
inunction, to take food and wine in the same manner ; to restrain himself
Sc. a cibo biduo proximo, frictione servatâ. Decimo tertio
from food for the two next days, thefriction being observed. On the thirteenth
die rursus experiri balneum ; et si postea febris accessit,
day again to try the bath ; and if afterwards the paroxysm has come on,
perfricari æque, bibere vinum copiosius. Ac sic est
to be rubbed alike (as before), to drink wine more plentifully. And 80 it is
proximum, ut quies tot dierum, et abstinentia cum
probable, that the rest ofso many days, and the abstinence with
ceteris, quæ præcipiuntur, tollant febrem . Vero si,
the other things, which are ordered, may carry off thefever. But if,
nihilominus, remanet, ex toto aliud genus curationis est sequendum,
nevertheless, it remains, a totally different kind oftreatment is to be pursued,
que id agendum, ut corpus facile sustineat, quod est
and that to be done, that the body may easily endure, what is
sustinendum diu. Quo minus etiam debet curatio
to be endured for a long time. So much the less moreover ought the treatment of
Heraclidis , Tarentini, probari, qui dixit alvum esse
Heraclides , the Tarentine, to be approved, who said thatthe belly (ought)
ducendam primis diebus, deinde abstinendum (sc. ægro) in
to be clystered on the first days, then that he ought to abstain till
septimum diem. Quod, ut aliquis possit
the seventh day (for seven days). Which, though a person may be able
sustinere, tamen, etiam liberatus a febre, vix
to endure, nevertheless, though freed from the fever, he will scarcely
valebit refectioni ; adeo si febris accesserit
be strong enough for refreshment; 80 that if the paroxysm should come on
sæpius, coucidet. Igitur, si morbus manebit
more frequently, he will sink. Therefore, if the disease shall continue
tertio decimo die, balneum erit tentandum , neque ante febrem,
on the thirteenth day, the bath will be to be tried, neither before the paroxysm,
neque post eam ; nisi interdum, horrore jam discusso :
nor after it; except occasionally, the shivering already being shaken off:
horror ipse 'est expugnandus, per ea quæ scripta sunt
the shivering itself to be subdued, by those things which have been written
supra ; deinde oportebit ungi post febrem, et
above; then it will behoove to be anointed after the paroxysm, and
vehementer perfricari ; assumere cibum et validum et fortiter ;
to be strongly rubbed ; to take food both strong and confidently ;
uti vino, quantum libebit: postero die, cum
to use wine, as much as he shall like : on the next day, when

sumere cibum et vinum ; biduo proximo se alvum, deinde abstinendum in septimum diem
abstinere, frictione servata. Decimo tertio dixit. Quod, ut sustinere aliquis possit, ta
die rursus balneum experiri ; et, si postea fe men, etiam febre liberatus, vix refectioni va
bris accessit, æque perfricari, vinum copiosius lebit
cidet.: adeo,
Igitursi sifebris
tertiosæpius accesserit,
decimo con
die morbus
bibere. Ac sic proximum est, ut quies tot
dierum,
cipiuntur,et febrem
abstinentia cumSi ceteris,
tollant. quæ præ
vero nihilominus manebit, balneum neque ante febrem, neque
post tentandumhorror
eam discusso
remanet, aliud ex toto sequendum est cura horrore : erit; nisiipseinterdum jam
per ea, quæ
tionis genus; idque agendum, ut, quod diu supra scripta sunt, expugnandus. Deinde
sustinendum est, corpus facile sustineat. Quo post febrem oportebit ungi, et vehementer
minus etiam curatio probari Heraclidis Ta perfricari ; cibum et validum, et fortiter as
rentini debet, qui primis diebus ducendam sumere ; vino uti quantum libebit : postero
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 187

quieverit satis, ambulare, exerceri, ungi,

he shall have rested enough, to walk, to be exercised, to be anointed,
perfricari fortiter, capere cibum sine vino : abstinere tertio
tobe rubbed strongly, to take food without wine : to abstain on the third
die. Vero die quo exspectabit febrem, surgere ante,
day. But on the day on which he shall expect the paroxysm, to rise before it,
et exerceri, que dare operam ut tempus febris
and to be exercised, and to endeavour that the time ofthe paroxysm
incurrat in exercitationem ipsam : enim sic illa sæpe
run by (pass over) during the exercise itself: for thus it often
discutitur. At si occupavit in opere, tum demum
is shaken off. But if it has seized him during exercise, then atlength
recipere se (sc. ab. opere). In valetudine ejusmodi, medicamenta
to withdraw himself. In ill health of this sort, the medicines
sunt oleum, frictio, exercitatio, cibus, vinum. Si venter est
are oil, friction, exercise, food, wine. If the belly is
adstrictus, est solvendus. Sed validiores facile faciunt hæc :
bound, it is to be relaxed. But stronger people easily do these things:
si imbecillitas occupavit, gestatio est pro exercitatione :
if weakness has seized, gestation is (to be substituted) for exercise :
si ne sustineat quidem hanc, tamen frictio est adhibenda: si hæc
if he cannot bear even this, still friction is to be applied : if this
quoque vehemens onerat, sistendum est intra quietem et
also (when) violent wearies, we must restrict him within (to) rest and
unctionem, et cibum ; que opera est danda ne qua
inunction, and food; and attention is to begiven that not any (no)
cruditas vertat id malum in quotidianam (febrem). Nam quartana
crudity turn that malady into a quotidian. For a quartan
jugulat neminem : sed, si quotidiana facta est ex eâ, æger
destroys no one : but, if a quotidian has been made of it, the patient
est in malis : quod tamen nunquam fit nisi culpâ
is in danger: which nevertheless never happens, except by thefault
vel ægri, vel curantis.
either ofthe patient, or ofthephysician.

CAP. XVI.
CHAP. XVI.
Curatio duarum Quartanarum.
The Cure oftwo (a double) Quartans.
At si sunt duæ quartanæ, neque possunt ex
But if there are two (a double) quartans, nor can those

die, cum satis quieverit, ambulare, exerceri, gestatio est : si ne hanc quidem sustinet, ad
ungi, perfricari fortiter, cibum capere sine hibenda tamen frictio est : si hæc quoque
vino: tertio die abstinere. Quo die vero fe vehemens onerat, intra quietem et unctionem
brem exspectabit, ante surgere, et exerceri, et cibum sistendum est ; dandaque opera est,
dareque operam, ut in ipsam exercitationem ne qua cruditas in quotidianam id malum
febris tempus incurrat : sic enim sæpe illa vertat. Nam quartana neminem jugulat : sed
discutitur. At si in opere occupavit, tum de si ex ea facta quotidiana est, in malis æger
mum se recipere. In ejusmodi valetudine est: quod tamen, nisi culpa vel ægri vel cu
medicamenta sunt, oleum, frictio, exercitatio, rantis, nunquam fit.
cibus, vinum. Si venter adstrictus est, sol
vendus est. Sed hæc facile validiores faciunt: CAP. XVI.-Duarum Quartanarum Curatio.
si imbecillitas occupavit, pro exercitatione AT si duæ quartanæ sunt, neque ea, quas
188 A. CORN. CELSI

exercitationes quas proposui adhiberi; est opus aut

exercises which I have proposed be used ; it is necessary either
quiescere ex toto, aut si id est difficile, ambulare leniter; considere,
to rest entirely, or if that is difficult, to walk gently; to sit down,
pedibus et capite diligenter involutis ; quoties febris
with hisfeet and his head carefully wrapped up ; as often as the paroxysm
accessit et desiit, sumere modicum cibum et vinum ;
has come on and has gone off, to take moderate food and wine ;
reliquo tempore, nisi imbecillitas urget, abstinere.
during the remaining time, unless weakness oppresses, to abstain.
At si duæ febres pæne junguntur, sumere cibum post
But if the two paroxysms are almost joined, to take food after
utramque; deinde vacuo tempore et moveri
both ; then in the free time (in the remission) both to be moved
aliquid, et uti cibo post unctionem. Vero cum vetus quartana
somewhat, and to use food after inunction. But since an old quartan
raro solvatur, nisi vere ; attendum est, utique eo
is seldom removed, except in spring ; we must take care, especially at that
tempore, ne quid fiat quod impediat valetudinem. Que prodest
time, that nothing happen which can impede recovery. And it is serviceable
in vetere quartanâ, subinde mutare genus victûs, transire
in an inveterate quartan, occasionally to change the mode ofliving, to change
a vino ad aquam, ab aquâ ad vinum, a lenibus cibis ad
from wine to water, from water to wine, from mild foods to
acres, ab acribus ad lenes ; esse radicem, deinde vomere, ve
sharp, from sharp to mild; to eat horse-radish, then to vomit, or
resolvere ventrem jure gallinacei pulli ; adjicere calefacientia
to relax the belly with the broth of a good chicken ; to add calefacients
oleo ad frictiones ; ante accessionem sorbere vel duos
to the oil for the frictions ; before the accession to swallow either two
cyathos aceti vel unum sinapis, cum tribus Græci salsi vini,
glasses of vinegar or one ofmustard, with three of Greek salt wine,
vel piper, castoreum, laser, et myrrham, mixta paribus portionibus,
or pepper, castor, assafoetida, and myrrh, mixed in equal portions,
et diluta in aquâ. Enim per hæc que similia corpus est
and mingled in water. For by these and similarthings the body is
agitandum, ut moveatur ex eo statu quo detinetur.
to be agitated, that it may be moved from that state in which it is detained.
Si febris quievit, convenit meminisse diei ejûs
If the paroxysm has subsided, it is proper to remember the day ofit
(sc. febr is diu ; que eo (sc. die) vitare frigus, calorem,
paroxysm for a long time ; and on it to avoid cold, heat,

proposui, exercitationes adhiberi possunt; aut mutare subinde victus genus ; a vino ad
ex toto quiescere opus est, aut, si id difficile aquam, ab aqua ad vinum, a lenibus cibis ad
est, leniter ambulare ; considere diligenter acres, ab acribus ad lenes transire ; esse ra
involutis pedibus et capite ; quoties febris ac dicem, deinde vomere ; jureve pulli gallinacei
cessit et desiit, cibum modicum sumere, et ventrem resolvere ; oleo ad frictiones adjicere
vinum ; reliquo tempore, nisi imbecillitas calefacientia ; ante accessionem sorbere, vel
urget, abstinere. At si duæ febres pæne jun aceti cyathos duos, vel unum sinapis cum tri
guntur, post utramque cibum sumere : deinde bus Græci vini salsi, vel mixta paribus por
vacuo tempore,
unctionem et moveri
cibo uti. Cum veroaliquid, et post
vetus quartana tionibus, et in aqua diluta, piper, castoreum,
raro, nisi vere, solvatur ; utique eo tempore laser, myrrham. Per hæc enim similiaque
corpus agitandum est, ut moveatur ex eo statu,
attendendum est, ne quidfiat, quod valetudinem quo detinetur. Si febris quievit, diu meminisse
impediat. Prodestque in vetere quartana, ejus diei convenit ; eoque vitare frigus, calo
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 189
cruditatem , lassitudinem. Enim facile revertitur, nisi timetur
crudity, weariness. For it easily returns, unless it befeared
aliquamdiu a sano quoque.
for some time byhim whenin health (convalescent) also.

CAP. XVII.
CHAP. XVII.
Quotidiana ex Quartanû.
Of a Quotidian from a Quartan.
At si quotidiana facta est ex quartanâ ; cum id
But if a quotidian has been made of a quartan; since that
inciderit vitio, oportet abstinere per
will have happened from mismanagement, it is necessary to abstain for
biduum, et uti frictione ; dare aquam tantummodo potui ,
two days, and to use friction; to give water only for drink,
vespere. Sæpe fit tertio die, febris
in the evening. It often happens on the third day, that the paroxysm
ne accedat : sed sive fuit sive non fuit, cibus
does not come on : but whether ithas been or has not been, food
est dandus post tempus accessionis ; et si manet,
is to be given after the time ofthe accession ; and if it continues,
utendum est, per biduum, abstinentiâ maximâ quantâ potest
we must use, during two days, abstinence the greatest that can
imperari corpori, et frictione quotidie.
be ordered to the body, and friction daily.

CAP. XVIII.
CHAP. XVIII.
Tria Genera Insaniæ.
Three Kinds of Insanity.
Et quidem curatio febrium exposita est. Vero alii
And indeed the treatment offevers has been explained. But the other
affectus corporis qui superveniunt huic, supersunt : ex quibus
affections ofthe body which supervene upon it, remain : of which
protinus jungam eos qui possunt non assignari certis
I shall immediately join those which cannot be assigned to certain

rem, cruditatem, lassitudinem. Facile enim onis tempus est dandus ; et si manet, per bi
revertitur,
metur. nisi a sano quoque aliquamdiu ti duum abstinentia,
corpori quanta maxima
potest, et frictione ímperari
quotidie utendum
est.
CAP. XVII. Quotidiana ex Quartana. -AT si
ex quartana, quotidiana facta est ; cum id vitio CAP. XVIII.-Tria Insania Genera.- ET febri
inciderit, per biduum abstinere oportet, etfric- um quidem curatio exposita est. Supersunt
tione uti ; aquam tantummodo vespere potui vero alii corporis affectus, qui huic superveni
dare. Tertio die sæpe fit, ne febris accedat: unt : ex quibus eos, qui certis partibus assig
sed sive fuit, sive non fuit, cibus post accessi- nari non possunt, protinus jungam. Incipiam
190 A. CORN. CELSI
partibus, Incipiam ab insaniâ, que aggrediar primam partem
parts. I shall begin with madness , and I shallgo to the first part
hujus ipsius, quæ est et acuta et in febre : Græci appellant
of this itself, which is both acute and in fever : the Greeks call it
φρένησιν (phrenesin ). Ante omnia oportet scire illud,
phrensy. Before all things it behooveth to know this,
ægros interdum desipere in accessione, et loqui
that the sick sometimes rave during the accession, and utter
aliena. Quod quidem est non leve ; neque
incoherent things (incoherently). Which indeed is no slight thing; nor
potest incidere nisi in vehementi febre : tamen est non æque
can it happen except in violent fever : nevertheless it is not 80
pestiferum ; nam consuevit esse plerumque breve, que
fatal; for it has been accustomed to be for the most part short, and
impetu accessionis levato, mens protinus redit.
the violence ofthe accession being abated, the mind immediately returns.
Neque id genus morbi desiderat aliud remedium, quam
Nor does that kind of disease require any other remedy, than
quod præceptum est in curandâ febre. Vero tum demum phrenesis
what has been directed in treating fever. But then at length phrensy
est, cum dementia incipit esse continua ; aut cum æger,
is present, when the madness begins tobe continual; or when the patient,
quamvis adhuc sapiat, tamen accipit quasdam vanas
although asyet he be in his senses, nevertheless admits certain strange
imagines : est perfecta, ubi mens est addicta illis
notions: it is completed, when the mind is given up to those
imaginibus. Autem sunt plura genera ejûs: siquidem
notions. But there are several kinds ofit: since
s
ex phrenetici alii sunt hilares , alii tristes ; alii continentur
of phrenetics some are cheerful, others melancholy ; some are restrained
facilius, et desipiunt intra verba, alii consurgunt et faciunt
more easily, and rave within words, others rise up and do
quædam violenter manu ; atque ex his ipsis, alii
some things violently with the hand ; and of these themselves, some
peccant nihil nisi impetu, alii etiam adhibent artes, que præbent
offend only by violence, others even practise deceit, and exhibit
summam speciem sanitatis, in captandis occasionibus malorum
the greatest appearance of sanity, in seizing opportunities of wicked
operum ; sed deprehenduntur exitu. Autem ex his est
deeds ; but they are detected in the end. But of these it is
supervacuum onerare asperioribus coercitationibus, eos qui desipiunt
superfluous to burthen with the severer restraints, those who rave

ab insania, primamque hujus ipsius partemag sapiat, tamen quasdam vanas imagines acci
grediar, quae et acuta, et in febre est : pevnou pit : perfecta
dicta est, autem
est. Ejus ubi mens illisgenera
plura imaginibus
sunt : ad
si
Græci appellant. Illud ante omnia scire opor
tet, interdum in accessione ægros desipere, et quidem ex phreneticis alii hilares, alii tristes
loqui aliena. Quod non quidem leve est ; neque sunt ; alii facilius continentur, et intra verba
incidere potest, nisi in febre vehementi : non desipiunt,
manu alii consurgunt,
faciunt; atque ex his etipsis,
violenter quædam
alii nihil nisi
tamen seque pestiferum est ; nam plerumque
breve esse consuevit, levatoque accessionis im impetu peccant, alii etiam artes adhibent,
petu, protinus mens redit. Neque id genus summamque speciem sanitatis in captandis
morbi remedium aliud desiderat, quam quod malorum operum occasionibus præbent ; sed
in curanda febre præceptum est. Phrenesis exitu deprehenduntur. Ex his autem eos, qui
vero tum demum est, cum continua demen intra verba desipiunt, aut leviter etiam manu
tia esse incipit ; aut cum æger, quamvis adhuc peccant, onerare asperioribus coërcitionibus
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 191
intra verba, aut peccant leviter etiam manu: vero convenit
within words, or offend lightly even with the hand : but it is proper
vincire eos, qui gerunt se violentius, ne noceant vel
to bind those, who conduct themselves more violently, lest they injure either
sibi vel alteri. Neque credendum est, si aliquis vinctus
themselves 07* another. Nor ought we to trust, if any one bound
cum cupit levari vinculis , quamvis loquitur
whilst he is desirous to be freed from his bonds, although he speaks
prudenter et miserabiliter ; quoniam is est dolus insanientis
discreetly and pitifully ; because that is the deceit of a madman.
(sc. hominis). Vero antiqui habebant tales ægros
But the ancient (physicians) used to keep such patients
fere in tenebri s ; - eo quod esset contrarium iis
for the most part in darkness ; because it was injurious to them
exterreri; et judicabant teneb ras ipsas conferre
to be frightened ; and they judged that the darkness itself contributed
aliquid ad quietem animi. At Asclepiades, tenebris ipsis
something to tranquillity of mind. But Asclepiades, the darkness itself
tanquam terrentibus, dixit eos (esse) habendos in lumine.
as it were frightening them, said that they were to be kept in the light.
Autem neutrum (sc. horum) est perpetuum : enim tenebræ magis
But neither is universal : for darkness rather
turbant alium, lux alium ; que reperiuntur, in quibus nullum
disturbs one, light another ; and they are found, in whom no
discrimen possit deprehendi, vel hoc vel illo modo.
difference can be discovered, either fromthe latter or theformer method.
Itaque est optimum experiri utrumque ; et habere eum qui
Therefore it is best to try both ; and to keep him who
horret tenebras, in luce ; eum, qui horret lucem, in
dreads darkness, in the light ; him, who dreads thelight, in
tenebris. At ubi est nullum tale discrimen , æger, si
darkness. But when there is no such distinction, the patient, if
habet vires, est continendus lucido loco ; si
he has strength, i8 to be kept in a lightsome place ; if
habet non, obscuro. Vero adhibere remedia, ubi
he has not, in a dark one. But to administer remedies , when
furor urget maxime, est supervacuum : enim febris
the madness oppresses most, is superfluous: for thefever
quoque increscit simul. Itaque tum æger est
also is increasing at the same time. Therefore at that time the patient is
nihil nisi continendus : vero ubi res patitur, subveniendum est
only to be restrained : but when the thing permits, we must relieve

supervacuum est : eos vero, qui violentius se bus nullum discrimen deprehendi, vel hoc, vel
noceant.vincire
gerunt, convenit,
Neque ne velest,sibisivelvinctus
credendum alteri illo modo possit. Optimum itaque est, utrum
que experiri ; et habere eum, qui tenebras hor
aliquis, dum levari vinculis cupit, quamvis ret, in luce ; eum, qui lucem, in tenebris. At
prudenter et miserabiliter loquitur; quoniam ubi nullum tale discrimen est, æger, si vires
is dolus insanientis est. Fere vero antiqui habet, loco lucido ; si non habet, obscuro con
tales ægros in tenebris habebant ; eo quod illis tinendus est. Remedia vero adhibere, ubi max
contrarium esset, exterreri, et ad quietem ani ime furor urget, supervacuum est : simul enim
mi tenebras ipsas conferre aliquid judicabant. febris quoque increscit. Itaque tum nihil nisi
At Asclepiades,
in luminetanquam
tibus, habendostenebris
eos dixit.ipsisNeutrum
terren continendus æger est : ubi vero res patitur,
festinanter subveniendum est. Asclepiades
autem perpetuum est : alium enim lux, alium perinde esse dixit, his sanguinem mitti, ac si
tenebræ magis turbant ; reperiunturque,in qui trucidentur ; rationem hanc secutus, quod ne
192 A. CORN. CELSI

ei festinanter. Asclepiades dixit sanguinem mitti his,

him1) quickly. Asclepiades said that blood to be drawn from them,
esse perinde ac si trucidentur ; secutus hanc rationem, quod
was the same as if they be murdered ; following this reasoning, that
neque esset insania, nisi febre intentâ ; neque
neither could there be madness, except the paroxysm being intense ; nor
sanguis recte mitteretur nisi in remissione ejûs. Sed in
could blood rightly be drawn except in the remission ofit. But in
his ipse quæsivit somnum multâ frictione ; cum et
them he himself procured sleep by much friction ; whereas even
intentio febris impediat somnum, et frictio sit non utilis,
the intensity ofthe fever may prevent sleep, and friction is not useful,
nisi in remissione ejûs. Itaque debuit præterire hoc
except in the remission of it. Therefore he ought to have passed over this
auxilium quoque. Quid igitur est (scil.auxilium) ? Multa fiunt
remedy also. What then is it? Many things are done
recte in præcipiti periculo, omittenda alias. Et
properly in imminent danger, to be omitted at another time. And
continua febris quoque habet tempora quibus, etsi non remittit,
continual fever also has times in which, although it does notremit,
tamen non crescit ; que hoc est, ut non optimum,
nevertheless it is not increasing ; and this is, though not the best,
tamen sic est secundum tempus remediis. Quod si
still 80 far it is.) a favourable time for remedies. But if
vires ægri patiuntur, sanguis quoque debet mitti. Minus
the strength ofthe patient permit, blood also ought to be let. Less
potest deliberari an alvus sit ducenda. Tum
can it be deliberat ed whether the belly is to be clystered. Moreover
convenit, die interposito, tondere caput ad cutem ; deinde
it is proper, a day being interposed, to clip the head to the skin ; then
fovere aquâ in quâ aliquæ verbenæ ex reprimentibus
tofoment it with water in which some vervains with repressing (medicines)
decoctæ sint ; aut prius fovere, deinde tondere, et iterum
have been boiled ; or first to foment, then to clip, and again
fovere ; ac novissime, implere caput que nares rosâ ;
tofoment ; and lastly, tofill (saturate) the head and nostrils with roseoil ;
etiam offere naribus, rutram contritam ex aceto ;
also to present to the nostrils, rue bruised with vinegar ;
movere sternutamenta medicamentis efficacibus in id.
to excite sneezings by medicines efficacious for that (purpose).
Quæ tamen sunt facienda in iis quibus vires non desunt.
Which however are to be used in those to whom strength are not wanting.

que insania esset, nisi febre intenta ; neque potest, an alvus ducenda sit. Tum, interposito
sanguis, nisi in remissione ejus, recte mitte die, convenit caput ad cutem tondere ; deinde
retur. Sed ipse in his somnum multa frictione aqua fovere, in qua verbenæ aliquæ decoctæ sint
quæsivit ; cum et intentio febris somnum im ex reprimentibus ; aut prius fovere, deinde
pediat, et frictio non nisi in remissione ejus tondere, et iterum fovere; ac novissime rosa
utilis sit. Itaque hoc quoque auxilium debuit caput naresque implere ; offerre etiam naribus
præterire. Quid igitur est ? Multa in præci rutam, ex aceto contritam ; movere sternnta
piti periculo recte fiunt, alias omittenda. Et menta medicamentis in id efficacibus. Quæ
continua quoque febris habet tempora, quibus, tamen facienda
desunt. Si verosunt in iis, quibus
imbecillitas est, rosavires non
tantum
etsi non remittit, non tamen crescit ; estqué
hoc, ut non optimum, sie tamen secundum caput, adjecto serpyllo, similive aliquo, made
remediis tempus. Quod si vires ægri patiuntur faciendum est. Utiles etiam in quibuscunque
sanguis quoque mitti debet. Minus deliberari viribus herbæ duæ sunt, solanum et muralis,
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 193
vero si est imbecillitas, caput est madefaciendum tantum
but if there is weakness, the head is to be moistened only
rosâ, serpyllo, ve aliquo simili adjecto. Sunt duæ
with rose oil, thyme, or something similar being added. There are two
herbæ utiles etiam in quibuscunque viribus, solanum et
herbs useful even in whatever kind of strength, nightshade and
muralis, si caput simul impletur succo expresso
wall-wort, if the head at the same time is saturated withthejuice expressed
ex utraque. Cum febris remiserit se, utendum est
from both. When thefever shall have remitted itself, we must use
frictione, parcius tamen in iis qui sunt nimis hilares,
friction, more sparingly however in those who are too merry,
quam in iis qui sunt nimi s tristes. Autem est necessarium
than in those who are too melancholy. But it is necessary
gerere se adversus animos omnium sic insanientium , pro
to conduct one's self towards the minds ofall thus insane, according
naturâ cujusque. Enim vani metus quorundam sunt
tothe nature ofeach. For the idle fears ofsome are
levandi ; sicut incidit in prædivite homine timente famem ,
tobe dispelled ; a8 happened with a very rich man fearing hunger,
cui (sc. homini) falsæ hereditates subinde nunciabantur : audacia
to whom false inheritances were occasionally announced : the boldness
quorundam est coercenda ; sicut fit in iis, in continendis
ofsome is to be restrained ; as happens with those, in restraining
quibus quoque plagæ adhibentur : etiam intempestivus risus
whom even stripes are applied : also the unseasonable laughter
quorundam est finiendus objurgatione et minis: tristes
of some is to be terminated byreproof and threats : the melancholy
cogitationes quorundam discutiendæ ; ad quod symphoniæ et
reflections of some to be dispelled ; to which concerts of music and
cymbala, que strepitus proficiunt. Tamen assentiendum est sæpius
cymbals, and noise avail. However must agree with oftener
quam repugnandum lis ; que mens (est) adducenda paulatim,
than oppose them them ; and the mind is to be led by degrees,
et non evidenter , ab iis quæ dicentur stulte, ad
and not evidently, from those things which shall be spoken foolishly, to
meliora. Interdum etiam intentio ipsius est
better things. Sometimes also the exertion ofitself (sc. mentis) is
elicicnda ; ut fit in hominibus studiosis, literarum, quibus
to be elicited ; as is done in men desirous ofliterature, to whom
liber legitur aut recte, si delectantur, aut perperam
a book is read either correctly, if they are pleased, or wrongly

si simul ex utraque succo expresso caput im- quoque adhibentur: quorundam etiam intem
pletur. Cum se febris remiserit,frictione uten- pestivus risus objurgatione et minis finiendus :
dum est; parcius
res, quam tamen
in iis, qui in iis,
nimis qui sunt.
tristes nimis hila-
Ad- quorundam discutienda
ad quod symphonie, tristes cogitationes:
et cymbala, strepitusque
versus omnium autem sic insanientium animos proficiunt. Sæpius tamen assentiendum , quam
gerere se pro cujusque natura necessarium est. repugnandum est ; paulatimque, et non evi
Quorundam
sicut in homine prædivite famem timente in-;
enim vani metus levandi sunt denter,
mens adducenda. Interdum etiamadelicienda
ab iis, quæ stulte dicentur, meliora
cidit, cui subinde falsa hereditates nuntia- ipsius intentio ; ut fit in hominibus studiosis
bantur: quorundam audacia coërcenda est ; literarum, quibus liber legitur, aut recte, si
sicut in iis fit, in quibus continendis plaga delectantur, aut perperam, siKid ipsum eos
 194 A. CORN. CELSI
si id ipsum offendit eos : enim, emendando, incipiunt
if that itself affends them : for, by correcting, they begin
converter e animum. Quin etiam sunt cogendi recitare,
to apply the mind. Moreover they are to be compelled to recite,
si meminerunt qua. li quoque, qui collocaverunt eos
if they remember any things. They also, who have placed them
inter (sc. homines) epulantes, reduxerunt quosdam, non desiderantes,
amongst personsfeasting, have reconciled some, not desiring it,
ad cibum. Vero somnus est et difficilis et præcipue ⚫necessarius
to food. But sleep is both difficult and essentially necessary
omnibus sic affectis : enim sub hoc plerique sanescunt.
to all thus affected : for during it many become well.
Crocinum unguentum, cum irino datum in * caput, prodest
Saffron ointment, with iris ointment put upon the head, contributes
ad id, atque etiam ad componendam mentem ipsam. Si nihilominus
to this, and also to compose the mind itself. If nevertheless
vigilant, quidam moliuntur somnum dando aquam potui, in
they wake, some promote sleep by giving water for drink, in
quâ papaver aut hyoscyamus decocta sit : alii subjiciunt pulvino
which poppy or henbane has been boiled : some put under the pillow
mala mandragoræ : alii inducunt fronti vel amomum vel
the apples of mandrake : others place on the forehead either cardamum or
lacrimam sycamini. Reperio hoc nomen apud medicos :
the tears of sycamore (sycamore juice). Ifind this name among physicians:
sed Græci appellant morum συκάμινον (sycaminon ), cum
but the Greeks call the mulberry whereas
est nulla lacrima mori. Vero lacryma arboris nascentis
there is no tear ofthe mulberry. But the tear ofa tree growing
in Ægypto sic significatur, quam ibi appellant μοροσύκον (morosucon ).
in Egypt is thus signified, which there they name.
Plurimi, decoctis corticibus papaveris, subinde fovent OS
Many, having boiled the heads ofthepoppy, frequently foment the mouth
et caput spongiâ ex eâ aquâ. Asclepiades
and head with a sponge out of that water (from that decoction). Asclepiades
dixit ea esse supervacua : quoniam sæpe converterent
said that these things were superfluous: forasmuch as they often converted it
(sc. morbum) in lethargum. Autem præcepit ut (æger) abstineretur
into a lethargy . But he ordered that he should be kept
primo die a cibo, potione, somno ; aqua daretur
on thefirst day from food, drink, sleep ; that water should be given
ei vespere, potui ; tum lenis from admoveretur, ut
to him inthe evening, for drink ; then gentle friction should be applied, so that

offendit emendando enim convertere animum decocta sit : alii mandragora mala pulvino
incipiunt. Quin etiam recitare, si qua me subjiciunt alii vel amomum, vel sycamini
minerunt, cogendi sunt. Ad cibum quoque lacrimam fronti inducunt. Hoc nomen apud
quosdam non desiderantes reduxerunt ii, qui medicos reperio: sed cum Græci morum
inter epulantes eos collocarunt. Omnibus vero ováμvov
sic affectis somnus et difficilis, et præcipue
necessarius est : sub hoc enim plerique sane Sic veroappellant, morilacrima
significatur nulla lacrima
arboris est.
in
scunt. Prodest ad id, atque etiam ad mentem Egyptonascentis, quam ibi popoσúkor appellant.
unguentum
ipsam componendam, crocinum nihilominus Plurimi decoctis papaveris corticibus, ex ea
cum irino in caput datum. Si aqua spongia os et caput subinde fovent.
vigilant, quidam somnum moliuntur potui Asclepiades ea supervacua esse dixit : quoniam
dando aquam,in qua papaver, aut byoscyamus in lethargura sæpe converterent. Præcepit au
tem, ut primo die, a cibo, potione, somno ab
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 195

qui periricaret, ne quidem imprimeret manum vehementer ;

he who might be rubbing, did not even press the hand strongly;
deinde postero die, omnibus iisdem factis, sorbitio et
then on the next day, all the same things being done, gruel and
aqua daretur ei vespere, que frictio rursus
water should be given to him in the evening, and friction should be again
adhibereter : enim per hanc (frictionem) nos consecuturos (esse) ut
applied : for by this that we should effect that
somnus accedat. Id interdum fit, et quidem adeo, ut
sleep come on. That sometimes happens, and indeed in so much , that
illo confitente nimia frictio etiam afferat
he confessing (by his own confession) too much friction even brings on
periculum lethargi. Sed si somnus non accessit sic, tum
danger oflethargy. But if sleep has not succeeded thus, then
demum (sc. somnus) est arcessendus illis medicamentis : eâdem
at length it is to be procured by the former medicines: the same
moderatione scilicet: habitâ quæ est necessaria hic
moderation truly beinghad (observed) which is necessary here
quoque, ne non possimus postea excitare quem volumus
also , lest we may not be able afterwards to wake (him) whom we wish
obdormine. Etiam silanus cadens juxta confert aliquid
to sleep. Also the water of a fountain falling near conduces somewhat
ad somnum ; vel gestatio post cibum et noctu ; que maxime
to sleep; 01° gestation after food and at night ; and especially
motus suspensi lecti. Neque est alienum, si neque
the motion ofa slung bed (hammock). Nor is it improper, if neither
sanguis missus est ante, neque mens constat i. e. adhuc insaniat,
blood has been let before, nor does the mind hold on (th the delirium continues,,
neque somnus accedit, admovere cucurbitulam inciso occipitio ;
nor does sleep come on, to apply a cupping-glass to the incised occiput;
quæ, quia levat morbum, potest etiam facere somnum. Autem
which, because it relieves the disease, may also procure sleep. But
moderatio quoque est adhibenda in cibo : nam neque est æger
moderation also is to be used in food: for neither is the patient
implendus, ne insaniat ; neque, utique, vexandus jejunio , ne
to befilled, lest herave ; nor, moreover, to be tormented by hunger, lest
imbecillitate incidat in cardiacum (morbum) . Est opus infirmo cibo,
from weakness he fall into a cardiac. There is need ofweak food,
que maxime sorbitione, potione aquæ mulsæ, cujûs est satis
and especially gruel, drink of hydromel, ofwhich it is enough
dedisse ternos cyathos bis hieme, quater æstate.
to have given three cups twice in winter, four times in summer.

stineretur; vespere ei daretur potni aqua ; tum | silanus juxta cadens ; vel gestatio post cibum,
frictio admoveretur lenis, ut ne manum quidem, et noctu; maximeque suspensi lecti motus.
qui perfricaret, vehementer imprimeret ; pos Neque alienum est, si neque sanguis ante
tero deinde die, iisdem omnibus factis, vespere missus est, neque mens constat, neque somnus
ei daretur sorbitio et aqua, rursusque frictio accedit, occipitio inciso cucurbitulam admo
adhiberetur: per hanc enim nos consecutoros, vere; quæ quia levat morbum, potest etiam
ut somnus accedat. Id interdum fit, et quidem somnum facere. Moderatio autem in cibo quo
adeo, ut, illo confitente, nimia frictio etiam que adhibenda est: nam neque implendus
lethargi periculum afferat. Sed si sie somnus æger est, ne insaniat ; neque jejunio utique
non accessit, tam demum illis medicamentis vexandus, ne imbecillitate in cardiacum in
arcessendus est ; habita scilicet eadem mode cidat. Opus est cibo infirmo, maximeque sor
ratione, quæ hic quoque necessaria est, ne, bitione, potione aquæ mulsæ, cujus ternos
quem obdormire volumus, excitare postea non cyathos bis hieme, quater æstate dedisse satis
possimus. Confert etiam aliquid ad somnum est.
K2
196 A. CORN. CELSI
Est alterum genus insaniæ quod recipit longius spatium ;
There is another kind of madness which admits a longer duration ·
quia incipit fere sine febre, deinde excitat leves
because it begins for the most part without fever, then excites little
febriculas. Consistit in tristitiâ, quam atra bilis videtur
fevers (feverishness) . It consists in melancholy, which black bile seems
contrahere. In hac detractio sanguinis est utilis : si quid
to bring on. In this the letting ofblood is serviceable: if anything
prohibet hanc, abstinentia est prima : purgatio per album veratrum
hinders this, abstinence is thefirst : cleansing by white hellebore
que vomitum secunda. Frictio est adhibenda bis die post
and vomiting the second. Friction is to be used twice a day after
utrumlibet ; si magis valet, frequens exercitatio etiam ; vomitus
either ; if heis more strong, frequent exercise also ; vomiting
in jejunio : cibus est dandus ex mediâ materiâ, sine
when fasting : food is to be given from the middle material, without
vino. Quam quoties posuero , licet scire posse dari
wine. Which as often as I shall lay down , be it known that it may begiven
etiam ex infirmissima (sc. materiâ ) ; dum quis ne utatur
even from the weakest ; provided that a person do not use
eâ solâ : valentissima tantummodo esse removenda. Præter
it alone : that the strongest only are to be removed. Besides
hæc, alvus est servanda quam tenerrima ; terrores removendi,
these things, the belly is to be kept as soft as possible ; fears to be removed,
et potius bona spes afferenda ; delectatio quærenda
and in preference good hope to be brought (inspired) ; amusement to be soughtfor
ex fabulis que ludis quibus, sanus assueverat
from stories and the sports with which, when sane he had been accustomed
capi maxime ; opera ipsiûs, si sunt qua, laudanda , et
to be taken most ; the works of himself, if there are any, to be praised, and
ponenda ante ejûs oculos ; vana tristitia leviter objurganda ;
to be placed before his eyes; his vain melancholy to be mildly reproved ;
subinde est admonendus cur non sit causa letitia
frequently (heis) to be reminded why there should not be cause ofjoy
potius quam sollicitudinis, in iis rebus ipsis quæ sollicitant.
rather than of anxiety, in those things themselves which disquiet him.
Si febris quoque accessit, est curanda sicut aliæ febres.
If fever also has come on, it is to be treated as other fevers.
Tertium genus insaniæ est longissimum ex his ; adeo ut
The third kind of madness is the longest of them; insomuch that
non impediat vitam ipsam : quod consuevit esse (sc. genus
it does not hinder life itself: which has been accustomed to be

Alterum insaniæ genus est, quod spatium tummodo esse removenda. Præter hæc, ser
longius recipit
leves deinde ; quia fere
febriculas siue febre
excitat. incipit,
Consistit in vanda alvus est quam tenerrima ; removendi
terrores, et potius bona spes afferenda ; quæ
tristitia, quam videtur bilis atra contrahere. renda delectatio ex fabulis ludisque, quibus
In hac utilis detractio sanguinis est : si quid maxime capi sanus assueverat ; laudanda,
hanc prohibet, prima est abstinentia : secunda, si qua sunt, ipsius opera, et aute oculos ejus
per album veratrum vomitumque purgatio. ponenda
subinde ;admonendus,
leviter objurganda vanarebus,
in iis ipsis tristitia
quæ;
Post utrumlibet, adhibenda bis die frictio est ;
si magis valet, frequens etiam exercitatio ; in sollicitant,causa
licitudinis cur non
sit. potius lætitiæ,
Si febris quoquequam sol
accessit,
jejuno
media vomitus
materia : est.
cibus,Quam
sine quoties
vino, dandus ex
posuero, sicut aliæ febres curanda est.
scire licet, etiam ex infirmissima dari posse ; Tertium genus insaniæ est ex his longis
dum ne ea sola quis utatur : valentissima tan simum ; adeo ut vitam ipsam non impediat :
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 197

proprium) robusti corporis. Autem sunt duæ species hujus

of a robust constitution. But there are two kinds ofthis
ipsius. Nam quidam falluntur imaginibus, non mente; quales
itself. For some are deceived by phantoms, not by the mind ; such as
poetæ ferunt Ajacem vel Orestem insanientem percepisse :
the poets report Ajax or Orestes (when) raving to have perceived :
quidam desipiunt animo. Si imagines
some rave in their minds (suffer alienation ofmind). If phantoms
fallunt, videndum est, ante omnia, sint tristes
deceive them, we must see, before all things, whether they be melancholy
an hilares. In tristitiâ, nigrum veratrum debet dari causâ
or cheerful. In melancholy, black hellebore ought to be given for the sake
dejectionis; in hilaritate, album ad excitandum vomitum : que id
ofpurging; in hilarity, white to excite vomiting : and that
adjiciendum est pani, si non accipit in potione, quo
is to be added to the bread, if he does not take it in a draught, that
fallat facilius. Nam si bene purgaverit se,
it may deceive the more easily. For if he shall have well purged himself,
levabit ex magna parte morbum. Ergo, etiam si veratrum,
he will lessen in agreat degree the disease. Therefore, also if the hellebore,
datum semel, profecerit parum , tempore interposito,
given once, shall have benefited little , a proper time being interposed,
debet dari iterum . Neque oportet ignorare, 1
At ought to be given again. Nor does it behoove not to know,
morbum insanientum cum risu esse leviorem quam serio.
that the disease ofpersons mad with laughter is slighter than seriously.
Illud quoque est perpetuum in omnibus morbis, ubi aliquis
This also is ageneral (rule) in all diseases, when any one
est purgandus ab inferiore parte, ejús ventrem esse ante
is to be cleansed from the lower part, that his belly is previously
solvendum ; ubi a superiore (sc. parte) comprimendum. Vero si
to be relaxed ; when from the upper to be astringed. But if
consilium fallit insanientem , optime curatur quisbusdam tormentis.
the judgment deceives one delirious, he is best treated by certain severities,
Ubi dixit aut fecit aliquid perperam ; est coërcendus
When he has said 01' done any thing amiss ; he is to be corrected
fame, vinculis, plagis. Est cogendus et attendere et
by hunger, by chains, by stripes. He is to be compelled both to attend and
ediscere aliquid, et meminisse : enim sic fiet, ut
to learn something, and to remember it : for thus it will happen, that
paulatim cogatur metu considerare quid faciat. Etiam
by degrees he be compelled by fear to consider what he does. Even

quod robusti corporis esse consuevit. Hujus | profecerit, interposito tempore iterum dari de
autem ipsius species duæ sunt. Nam quidam bet. Neque ignorare oportet, leviorem esse
imaginibus, non mente falluntur ; quales in- morbum cum risu, quam serio insanientium.
sanientem Ajacem vel Orestem percepisse Illud quoque perpetuum est in omnibus morbis,
poëtæ ferunt: quidam animo desipiunt. Si ubi ab inferiore parte purgandus aliquis est,
imagines fallunt, ante omnia videndum est, ventrem ejus ante solvendum esse ; ubí a supe
tristes an hilares
veratrum sint. causa
dejectionis In tristitia, nigrum riore,
; in hilaritate, comprimendum.
sanientem Si vero
fallit, tormentis consilium
quibusdam in
optime
album, ad vomitum excitandum, dari debet: curatur. Ubi perperam aliquid dixit, aut
idque, si in potione non accipit, pani adjici- fecit ; fame, vinculis, plagis coërcendus est.
endum est, quo facilius fallat. Nam si bene Cogendus est et attendere, et ediscere aliquid,
se purgaverit, ex magna parte morbum levabit. et meminisse : sic enim fiet, ut paulatim metu
Ergo etiam si semel datum veratrum parum cogatur considerare, quid faciat. Subito etiam
198 A. CORN. CELSI
subito terreri et expavescere prodest in hoc morbo ;
to be suddenly terrified and to fear is beneficial in this disease ;
et fere quidquid vehementer perturbat animum. Enim quædam
and generally whatever violently disturbs the mind, For some
mutatio potest fieri, cum mens abducta est ab eo
change 1 may be made, when the mind has been withdrawn from that
statu in quo fuerat. Etiam interest is ipse rideat
state in which it had been. It also imports whether he himself laugh
subinde sine causâ, an sit mœstus que demissus : nam demens
frequently without cause, or hebe sorrowful and dejected: for raving
hilaritas melius curatur iis terroribus de quibus dixi supra:
mirth is better treated by those terrors of which I have spoken above :
si est nimia tristitia, 3 lenis sed multa frictio, bis die,
if there is too much sadness, gentle but much friction, twice a day,
prodest; item frigida aqua infusa per caput, que corpus
does good; likewise cold water poured over the head, and the body
demissum in aquam et oleum. Illa sunt communia :
let down into water and oil. These are general :
insanientes debere vehementer exerceri ; uti multâ frictione ;
that mad persons ought to be violently exercised ; to use much friction;
assumere neque pinguem carnem neque vinum ; post purgationem uti
wine ; after purging
to take neither fat meat nor to use
cibis, ex media materiâ, quam levissimis ; non oportere
foods, of the middle material, as light aspossible; that it does not behoove
esse + vel 7 solos, vel inter ignotos, vel inter eos quos
that they be either alone, or among strangers, or among those whom
aut contemnant aut negligant ; debere mutare regiones,
either they despise or neglect ; that they ought to change the climates,
et, si mens redit, esse jactandos annuâ peregrinatione.
and, if reason returns, tobe exercised by an annual journey.
Raro, sed tamen aliquando, delirium nascitur ex metu.
Seldom, but nevertheless sometimes, madness arises from fright.
Quod genus insanientium, est simile specie, que est
Which kind of madness, is similar in its appearance, and is
curandum simile genere victus: præterquam quod in hoc genere
to be treated by a similar kind ofdiet: except that in this kind
solo insaniæ, vinum recte datur.
alone of madness, wine is properly given.

terreri, et expavescere, in hoc morbo prodest ; | frictione uti ; neque pinguem carnem, neque
et fere quidquid animum vehementer perturbat. vinum assumere; cibis uti post purgationem,
Potestmens,
statu enim quædam fieri mutatio,
in quo fuerat, abductacum eo ex media materia, quam levissimis ; non opor
est.abIn tere esse vel solos, vel inter ignotos, vel inter
terest etiam, is ipse sine causa subinde rideat, eos,
an moestus demissusque sit: nam demens hi tare debere quos aut contemnant, aut negligant ; mu
regiones, et si mens redit, annua
laritas terroribus iis, de quibus supra dixi, peregrinatione
Raro, sed esse jactandos.
aliquando tamen, ex metu delirium
melius curatur : si nimia tristitia est, prodest
lenis, sed multa bis die frictio ; item per caput nascitur. Quod genus insanientium, specie
aqua frigida infusa, demissumque corpus in simile, similique victus genere curandum est:
aquam et oleum. Illa communia sunt : iusa recte præterquam quod in hoc insaniæ genere solo
nientes vehementer exerceri debere ; multa vinum datur.
 MEDICINE LIB. 111. 199

CAP. XIX.
CHAP. XIX.
Cardiaci.
Cardiacs.
Id genus, quod nominatur кapdiaкòv (kardiacon) a Græcis, est præcipue
That kind, which is named Cardiacon by the Greeks, is especially
contrarium his morbis; quamvis phrenetici sæpe transeunt ad
contrary to these diseases ; although phrenetics often pass in to
eum : siquidem K mens in : illis labat, in hoc
it: for as much as the mind in the former fails, in the latter
constat. Autem id est nihil aliud quam * nimia imbecillitas
it remainsfirm. But it is nothing else than excessive weakness
corporis, quod, stomacho, languente, digeritur immodico sudore.
ofbody, which, the stomach languishing, is wasted by immoderate sweating.
Que licet (nobis) protinus scire esse id, ubi pulsus
And we may immediately know that it is that, when the pulsations
venarum sunt exigui que imbecilli ; autem 2 sudor prorumpit
ofthe vessels are small and weak; but the sweat breaks out
supra consuetudinem, et modo et tempore, ex toto
beyond custom , both asto quantity and time, from the whole
thorace et cervicibus, atque etiam capite, 凰 pedibus et cruribus
thorax and neck, and even over the head, the feet and legs
tantummodo siccioribus et frigentibus. Que est genus acuti morbí.
only being drier and cold. And it is a kind of acute disease.
Prima curatio est imponere supra præcordia cataplasmata,
The first treatment is toplace upon the præcordia cataplasms,
quæ reprimant : secunda, prohibere sudorem. Acerbum oleum,
which repress: the second, to prevent the sweating. Bitter a oil,
vel rosa, vel melinum, aut myrteum præstat id : aliquo quorum
or rose, or quince, or myrtle oil effects it: with some ofwhich
corpus leniter perunguendum ; " que ceratum ex aliquo horum
the body is to be gently anointed ; and a cerate of 80me of these
est tum imponendum. Si sudor vincit, homo est delinendus
is then to be put on. If the sweating prevails, the man is to be smeared
vel gypso, Нов vel argenti spumâ, vel Cymoliâ cretâ;
either with gypsum (plaster ofParis), or withlitharge, or Cimolian chalk ;
vel etiam respérgendus subinde pulvere horum. Pulvis
or even to be sprinkled frequently with the dust ofthese. The powder
ex contrit is foliis aridi myrti vel rubi, præsta t idem,
from the bruised leaves of dried myrtle or bramble, effects the same thing,

CAP. XIX.- Cardiaci. His morbis præcipue siccioribus, atque frigentibus. Acutique morbi
contrarium est id genus, quod yapiano a Græcis genus est. Curatio prima est, supra præcordia
nominatur ; quamvis sæpe ad eum phrenetici imponere, quæ reprimant, cataplasmata : se
transeunt: siquidem mens in illis labat, in cunda, sudorem prohibere. Id præstat acerbum
hoc constat. Id autem nihil aliud est, quam oleum, vel rosa, vel meliuum, aut myrteum :
nimia imbecillitas corporis, quod, stomacho quorum aliquo corpus leniter perungendum,
languente, immodico sudore digeritur. Licet ceratumque ex aliquo horum tum imponendum
que protinus scire id esse, ubi venarum exigui est. Si sudor vincit, delinendus homo est vel
imbecillique pulsus sunt ; sudor autemexsupra gypso, vel argenti spuma, vel Cimolia creta,
consuetudinem, et modo, et tempore, toto vel etiam subinde horum pulvere respergendus.
thorace, et cervicibus, atque etiam capite Idem præstat pulvis ex contritis aridi myrti
prorumpit, pedibus tantummodo et cruribus vel rubi foliis, aut ex austeri et boni vini arida
 200 A. CORN. CELSI
aut ex arida fæce austeri et boni vini : que sunt plura
or from the dry lees ofrough and good wine: and there are many
similia, quæ si desunt, quilibet pulvis ex viâ
like things, which if they are wanting, any dust from the road
injectus est satis utilis. Vero super hæc, quo corpus
put on is sufficiently useful. But besides these, that the body
insudet minus, debet esse contectus levi veste,
may sweat less, (æger)
he ought to be covered with a light covering,
loco non calido, fenestris patentibus, sic ut aliquis perflatus
in a place not hot, the windows being open, 80 that some breeze
quoque accedat . Tertium auxilium est succurrere imbecillitati
also may come in. A third remedy is to relieve the weakness
(hominis) jacentis , cibo que vino. Cibus, non multus
ofthe patient lying down, with food and wine. Food, not much
quidem , est dandus, sed tamen sæpe nocte ac die; ut
indeed, is to be given, but yet often during the night and day ; that
nutriat, neque oneret. Is debet esse ex infirmissimâ
it may support, not overload. It ought to be of the weakest
materiâ, et aptus stomacho. Non oportet festinare ad
matter, and fit for the stomach. It does not behoove to hasten to
vinum, nisi si est necesse : si est verendum ne
wine, except when it is necessary: if it is to be feared that
deficiat, tum et intrita ex hoc, et hoc ipsum quidem
he mayfaint, then both panada (pap) from this, and this itself indeed
austerum , sed tamen tenue, meraculum , egelidum, est dandum
rough, but still light, slightly diluted, lukewarm, is tobe given
subinde et liberaliter; polentâ adjectâ, si modo is
frequently and freely; barley meal being added, if provided that
æger assumit parum cibi : que id, vinum, debet esse neque
patient takes little (of)food: and it, wine, ought to be neither
nullarum virium, neque ingentium ; que æger recte
ofno (too little) strength, nor ofgreat; and the patient will rightly
bibet tres heminas totâ die ac nocte ; si corpus est
drink three hemine duringthe whole day and night ; if the body is
vastius, etiam plus. Si non accipit cibum, convenit perfundere,
larger, even more. If he does not take food, it is proper to bathe him,
ante perunctum , frigida aquâ, et tum dare. Quod
previously anointed, with cold water, and then to give it. But
si stomachus resolutus, continet parum, oportet vomere
if the stomach (being) relaxed, retains little, it behooves him to vomit
sponte et ante cibum et post eum ; que rursus sumere cibum
freely both before food and after it ; and again to take food

fæce: pluraque similia sunt, quæ si desunt, ne deficiat, tum et intrita ex hoc, et hoc ipsum
satis utilis est quilibet ex via pulvis injectus. austerum quidem, sed tamen tenue, meraculum,
Super hæc vero, quo minus corpus insudet, egelidum subinde et liberaliter dandum est;
levi veste debet esse contectus, loco non calido, adjecta polenta, si modo is æger parum cibi
fenestris patentibus, sic, ut perflatus quoque assumit : idque vinum esse debet, neque nulla
aliquis accedat. Tertium auxilium est, imbe rum virium, neque ingentium ; recteque tota
cillitati jacentis cibo vinoque succurrere. die ac nocte, vel tres heminas æger bibet ; si
Cibus non multus quidem, sed sæpe tamen vastius corpus est, plus etiam. Ši cibum non
nocte ac die dandus est, ut nutriat, neque accipit, perunctum ante perfundere aqua fri
oneret. Is esseaptus.
et stomacho debet ex infirmissima materia, gida convenit, et tum dare. Quod si stomachus
Nisi si necesse est, ad resolutus parum continet, et ante cibum, et
vinum festinare non oportet : si verendum est, post eum sponte vomere oportet ; rursusque
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 201
post vomitum. Si id quidem ne manserit, sorbere cyathum
after vomiting. If that even should not remain, to swallow a glass
vini, que horâ interpositâ, sumere alterum. Si stomachus
ofwine, und an hour being interposed, to take another. If the stomach
reddiderit id quoque, totum corpus est . superillinendum contritis
should reject that also, the whole body is to be spread over with pounded
bulbis; qui, ubi inaruerunt, efficiunt ut vinum contineatur
bulbs; which, when they have dried, cause that the wine maybe retained
in stomacho, que ex eo (vino) ut calor redeat toti corpori, que
inthe stomach, and from that (that) heat return to the whole body, and
vis venis. Ultimum auxilium est, indere in alvum
strength to the vessels. The last remedy i8, to inject into the belly
ex inferioribus partibus cremorem ptisanæ vel alicæ, siquidem id
from the lower parts the cream ofptisan or of maize, because that
quoque tuetur vires. Neque est alienum quoque admovere
also preserves the strength. Nor is it improper also to apply
naribus æstuantis quod reficiat, id est rosam et vinum :
to the nostrils ofhim heated what is refreshing, that is rose oil and wine:
et, si qua sc. membra frigent in extremis partibus, fovere
and, if any things limbs are cold in the extreme parts, to foment them
manibus unctis et calidis. Per quæ si potuimus
with the hands anointed and hot. By which if we have been able
consequi ut et impetus sudoris minuatur, et vita
to accomplish that both the force ofthe sweating be diminished, and life
prorogetu r, tempus ipsum incipit jam esse præsidio. Ubi videtur
prolonged, time itself begins now to be aprotection. When he seems
esse in tuto, tamen est verendum, ne cito recidat
to be in safety, yet it is to be feared, lest he may quickly relapse
in eandem imbecilli tatem : itaque, vino tantum remoto,
into the same weakness : therefore, the wine only being removed,
debet quotidie assumere validiorem cibum, donec satis virium
he ought daily to take stronger food, until sufficient (uf) strength
redeat corpori.

CAP. XX.
CHAP. XX.
Lethargici.
Lethargy.
Est alter morbus quoque aliter contrarius phrenitico (sc.
There is another disease also differently opposed to the phrenetic.

post vomitum cibum sumere. Si ne id quidem qua in extremis partibus frigent, unctis et ca
manserit, sorbere vini cyathum, interpositaque lidis manibus fovere. Per quæ si consequi
hora sumere alterum. Ši id quoque stomachus potuimus, ut et sudoris impetus minuatur, et
reddiderit, totum corpus bulbis contritis su vita prorogetur, incipitjam tempus ipsum esse
perillinendum
unt, ut vinum ineststomacho
; qui, ubicontineatur,
inaruerunt, exque
effici præsidio. Ubiin tuto esse videtur, verendum
tamen est, ne in eandem imbecillitatem cito
eo toti corpori calor, venisque vis redeat. Ul- recidat: itaque, vino tantum remoto, quotidie
timum auxilium est, in alvumpartibus
ptisanæ velindere
alicæ: validiorem cibum debet assumere, donec satis
cremorem ex inferioribus virium corpori redeat.
siquidem id quoque vires tuetur. Neque alie
num est, naribus quoque æstuantis admovere, CAP. XX.-Lethargici.-ALTER quoque morbus
quod reficiat ; id est, rosam et vinum : et si est, aliter phrenetico contrarius. In eo diffi
K3
 202 A. CORN. CELSI

morbo). In eo somnus est difficilior, mens promta ad

In it sleep is moredifficult, the mind ready for
omnem audaciam : in hoc est marcor,. et pæne inexpugna
every boldness : in this ( there is ) -drowsiness,Land an almost irresis
bilis necessitas dormiendi. Græci nominant Anlapyov (lethargon).
tible necessity ofsleeping. The Greeks call it ." 'lethargy.
Atque id quoque est acutum genus, et, nisi succurritur, celeriter
And it also is an acute kind, and, unless it is remedied, quickly
jugulat. Quidam nituntur subinde excitare hos ægros, iis
destroys. Some endeavour occasionally to rouse these patients, by those (things)
admotis per quæ sternutamenta evocantur, et iis quæ movent
being applied by which sneezings areproduced, also those which rouse
fœdo odore ; qualis est cruda pix, succida lana, piper, veratrum,
by the fœtid smell ; such is crude pitch, greasy wool, pepper, hellebore,
castoreum, acetum, allium, cepa. Etiam incendunt juxta galbanum,
castor, vinegar, garlick, onion. Also they burn near (them) galbanum,
aut pilos, aut cervinum cornu : si est non quodlibet aliud.
or hair, or hartshorn : if it is not (at hand) , any thing else.
Enim hæc quum comburuntur, movent fœdum odorem.
For these things when they are burnt, cause afœtid odour.
Vero quidam Tharrias dixit id esse malum
But a certain Tharrias has asserted that that was an evil
accessionis, que levari, cum ea (accessio) decessit;
of the accession, and that it was relieved, when it departed ;
eos, qui subinde excitant, # male habere
itaque
therefore that they, who frequently rouse (them), ill treated (them)
sine usu. Autem interest æger expergiscatur in
without benefit . But it imports whetherthe patient awake during
decessione, an cum febris non levetur, aut eâ quoque
the departure, or when the accession is not abated, or it even
levatâ somnus urgeat. Nam si expergiscitur, est supervacuum
being abated sleep oppresses. For if he awakes, itis superfluous
adhibere ei ut sopito : enim neque fit
to apply to him (treat him) as (to) onefast asleep : for neither is he made
melior vigilando, sed vigilat per se si est melior. Vero
better by waking, but he wakes ofhimself if he is better. But
si ei est continens somnús, utique est excitandus, sed iis
if he has constant sleep, certainly he is to be roused, but at those
temporibus quibus febris est levissima, ut et excernat,
times in which the fever is slightest, that both he may excrete,
et sumat aliquid. Autem frigida aqua repente infusa
and take something. But cold water suddenly affused

cilior somnus, promta ad omnem audaciam | Tharrias vero quidam, access id malum
mens est
pæne in hocnecessitas.
dormiendi marcor et Aheapyov
inexpugnabilis
Græci esse dixit,
eos, qui levarique,
subinde cumsine
excitant, ea usu
decessit
male: habere.
itaque
nominant. Atque id quoque genus acutum Interest autem, in decessione expergiscatur
est, et nisi succurritur, celeriter jugulat. Hos æger, an, cum febris non levetur, aut levata
ægros quidam subinde excitare nituntur, ad- quoque ea somnus urgeat. Nam si expergisci
motis iis, per quae sternutamenta evocantur, tur, adhibere ei, ut sopito, supervacuum est :
et iis, quæ
cruda, lanaodore fœdo piper,
suecida, moventveratrum,
; qualis estcasto-
pix neque enimest,vigilando
si melior vigilate. melíor fit ; continens
Si vero sed per se,
ei
reum, acetum, allium, cepa. Juxta etiam gal- somnus est, utique excitandus est ; sed iis tem
banum incendunt, aut pilos, aut cornu cervi- poribus, quibus febris levissima
num: si id non est, quodlibet aliud. Hæc cernat aliquid, et sumat. Excitat autem vali est, ut et ex
enim cumcomburuntur,odorem foedum movent.dissime repente aqua frigida infusa. Post re
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 203
validissime excitat. Post remissionem itaque, perfundendum est
verypowerfully rouses. After the remission therefore, we must affuse
corpus, perunctum multò oleo, per totum caput,
the body, anointed with plenty ofoil, all over the whole head downwards,
tribus aut quatuor amphoris, Sed utemur hoc, si spiritus eri
with three or four amphora. But we shall use this, if the breathing shall be
æqualis ægro, si præcordia mollia: sin hæc
equal (regular) to thepatient, if the præcordia be soft: but if these (things)
erunt aliter, ea, quæ comprehensa sunt " supra, (erunt)
shall be otherwise, those, which have been comprehended above, will be
potiora. Et quidem quod pertinet ad somnum, hæc ratio est
preferable. And indeed 08 pertains to sleep, this method is
commodissima. Autem causâ medendi, caput radendum,
most suitable. But forthe sake ofcuring, the head ought to be shaved,
deinde est fovendum poscâ in quâ laurus aut ruta
then it is to bebathed with diluted vinegar in which laurel or rue
decocta sit: altero die castoreum imponendum, aut ruta
has been boiled : on the next day castor ought to be put on it, or rue
contrita ex aceto, aut baccæ lauri, aut hedera, cum rosâ
bruised with vinegar, or the berries oflaurel, or ivy, with rose oil
et aceto. Sinapi admotum naribus, que impositum capiti
and vinegar. Mustard applied to the nostrils, and put upon the head
ve fronti, præcipue proficit et ad excitandum hominem, et
or theforehead, especially assists both to rouse the man, and
ad depellendum morbum ipsum. Gestatio etiam prodest in hoc
to drive off the disease itself. Gestation also benefits in this
morbo, que cibus maxime datus opportune, id est in remissione,
disease, and food especially given seasonably, that is in the remission,
maximå quanta poterit inveniri. Autem sorbitio est aptissima
the greatest that shall be able to be found. But gruel i8 most suitable
donec morbus incipiat decrescere ; sic ut si gravis accessio
until the disease begins to wear away ; 80 that if the severe accession
est quotidie, hæc detur quotidie ; si alternis (sc. diebus),
is daily, this should be given daily ; if on alternate days,
sorbitio post graviorem, aqua mulsa post leviorem. Vinum quoque
the gruel after the severer, hydromel after the slighter. Wine also
datum cum tempestivo cibo, adjuvat non mediocriter.
given with seasonable food, assists not slightly (in no slight degree).
Quod si torpor ejusmodi accessit, post longas febres,
But if torpor ofthat sort has come on after long continued fevers,
cetera sunt servanda eadem ; autem tribus ve
the other (things) are to be observed the same (alike); but three or

missionem
pus, tribusitaque, perunctum
aut quatuor oleo multo
amphoris totum cor- admotum,
per capiti et ad impositum
frontive morbum ipsum depellendum,
sinapi. Gestatio
caput perfundendum est. Sed hoc utemur, si etiam in hoc morbo prodest ; maximeque op
æqualis ægro spiritus erit, si mollia præcor- portune cibus datus, id est,
dia: sin aliter hæc erunt, ea potiora, quæ quanta maxima inveniri poterit. Aptissima in remissione,
supra comprehensa sunt. Et, quod ad somnum autem sorbitio est, donec morbus decrescere in
quidem pertinet, commodissima hæc ratio est. cipiat : sic, ut si quotidie gravis accessio est,
Medendi
posca autem causa,
fovendum est, caput
in quaradendum ; deinde
laurus, aut hæc quotidie
ruta sorbitio, postdetur : si alternis,
leviorem, mulsapost
aqua.graviorem,
Vinum
decocta sit: altero die imponendum castoreum quoque cum tempestivo cibo datum non medi
aut
aut hedera cum rosa et aceto. Præcipueque ejusmodi torpor accessit, cetera eademfebres
ruta ex aceto contrita, aut lauri bacca, ocriter adjuvat. Quod si post longas ser
proficit, et ad excitandum hominem, naribus vauda sunt: ante accessionem autem, tribus
204 A. CORN. CELSI

quatuor horis ante accessionem , castoreum mixtum cum scammonia

four hours before the accession, castor mixed with scammonia,
si veniter est adstrictus, si est non, per se ipsum, est dandum
if the belly is bound, if it is not, by itself, is to be given
cum aquâ. Si præcordia sunt mollia, utendum est plenioribus
with water. If the præcordia are soft, we must use fuller
cibis ; si dura, subsistendum in iisdem sorbitionibus ; que
diet; if hard, we must restrict him to the same gruels ; and
imponendum præcordiis quod simul et reprimat et
we must place on the præcor dia what atthe same time both represses and
emolliat.
softens.

CAP. XXI.
CHAP. XXI.
Hydropici.
Dropsical (Patients) .
Sed hic, quidem , est acutus morbus. Vero potest (sc. is morbus)
But this, indeed, is an acute disease. But it may
fieri longus eorum quos aqua inter cutem habet male ; nisi
become chronic ofthem whom water betwixt the skin makes badly ; unless
est discussus primis diebus; Græci vocant dρwnα (hudropa).
it is discussed in the first days ; the Greeks call it dropsy.
Atque sunt tres species ejus. Nam modo, ventre vehementer
And there are three kinds ofit. For sometimes, the belly being greatly
intento , est creber sonus intus ex motu spiritûs ;
stretched, there is afrequent sound within from the motion of air :
modo corpus est inæquale, tumoribus orientibus aliter que
sometimes the body is unequal, tumours arising in one place and
aliter per totum id : modo aqua
in another (in different parts) through the whole (of)it: sometimes the water
contrahitur intus in uterum , et corpore moto (aqua) movetur
is collected within in the belly, and the body being moved is moved
ita ut impetus ejûs possit conspici. Græci nominarunt primum
80 that the impulse ofit can be perceived. The Greeks named thefirst
τυμπανίτην γtumpaniten, secundum λευκοφλεγματίαν (leucophlegmatian ),
tympanites tympany, the second leucophlegmatia,
sive ὑπὸ σάρκα (upo sarca ), tertium ἀσκίτην (askiten ). Tamen
or anasarca, the third ascites. However

quatuorve horis, castoreum, si venter adstrictus | nisi primis diebus discussus est : Vópara Græci
est, mixtum cum scammonia; si non est, per vocant. Atque ejus tres species sunt. Nam
se ipsumsunt,
cumcibis
aquautendum
dandum est
est.plenioribus
Si præcordia
; si modo,
ex motuventre vehementer intento,
mollia spiritus sonus est : modocreber
corpusintus
in
dura, in iisdem sorbitionibus subsistendum ; æquale est, tumoribus aliter aliterque
imponendumque præcordiis, quod simul et re- totum id orientibus : modo intus in uterum per
primat et emolliat. aqua contrahitur, et moto corpore ita movetur,
ut impetus ejus conspici possit. Primum
CAP. XXI. Hydropici. SED hic quidem TVμravírny : secundum, svopisyμarías, vel úr
acutus est morbus. Longus vero fieri potest σápka : tertium, doir Græci nominarunt.
eorum, quos aqua inter cutem male habet ; Communis tamen omnium est humoris nimia
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 205
nimia abundantia humoris est communis omnium; ob quam (causam)
too great an abundance ofhumour is common (of)to all; on which account
ne quidem ulcera sanescunt facile in his ægris. Vero sæpe hoc
not even ulcers heal easily in these patients. But often this
malum incipit per se; sæpe supervenit alteri vetusto morbo,
malady begins by itself; often it supervenes another old disease,
que maxime quartanæ. Tollitur facilius in servis quam in
and especially aquartan. It is removed more easily in slaves than in
liberis : quia, cum desideret famem, sitim , mille alia
free persons: because, since it requires hunger, thirst, a thousand other
tædia, que longam patientiam, promtius succurritur (imperson.)
inconveniences, and long patience, it is more readily assisted
iis qui facile coguntur, quam iis quibus est (pro habet)
to those who are easily compelled, than (to to those who have
libertas quæ est inutilis. Sed quidem ii, qui sunt sub alio,
liberty \which is disadvantageous. But even they, who are under another
si non possunt ex toto temperare
(are not their own masters), if they cannot completely govern
sibi, ne perducuntur ad salutem . Que ideo non ignobilis
themselves, are not brought to health. And on that account a no ignoble
medicus, discipulus Chrysippi, apud regem Antigonum
physician, a disciple of Chrysippus, with king Antigonus
SC. commorans ad regium negavit quendam amicum ejûs
(viz. residing at the court denied that a certain friend ofhis
sc. notæ intemperantiæ, mediocriter implicitum
(theking's) ofwell known intemperance, (though) slightly affected
eo morbo, posse sanari . Que cum alter medicus, Philippus
with this disease, could be cured. And when another physician, Philip
Epirotes, polliceretur se sanaturum sc. eum ; ndit illum
ofEpiros, promised that he would cure him ; ;) respo answered that he
Philippum respicere ad morbum ægri ; se
the former looked to the disease ofthepatient; that himself
(discipulum Chrysippi) ad animum. Neque res fefellit eum .
to the disposition. Nor did the thing deceive him.
Enim ille (sc. æger) cum custodiretur summâ diligentiâ non
For he, although he was watched with the greatest diligence not
tantummodo medici, sed etiam regis, tamen devorando
only ofthe physician, but also ofthe king, nevertheless bydevouring
sua maglamata, et bibendo suam urinam , præcipitavit sese in
his plaisters, and drinking his own urine, precipitated himself into
exitium . Tamen inter initia curatio est non
destruction. Notwithstanding at the beginning the cure is not

abundantia ; ob quam ne ulcera quidem in his regem, amicum quendam ejus, notæ intempe
ægris facile sanescunt. Sæpe vero hoc malum rantiæ,posse
gavit mediocriter
sanari. eo Cumque
morbo implicitum, ne
alter medicus
per se incipit ; sæpe alteri vetusto morbo,
maximeque quartanæ, supervenit. Facilius in Epirotes Philippus se sanaturum polliceretur ;
servis, quam in liberis tollitur : quia, cum respondit, illum ad morbum ægri respicere ;
desideret famem, sitim, mille alia tædia, se, ad animum. Neque eum res fefellit. Ille
longamque patientiam, promtius iis succurri enim cum summa diligentia non medici tan
tur, qui facile coguutur, quam quibus inutilis tummodo, sed etiam regis custodiretur, tamen
libertas est. Sed ne ii quidem, qui sub alio malagmata sua devorando, bibendoque suam
sunt, si ex toto sibi temperare non possunt, ad urinam, in exitium sese præcipitavit. Inter
salutem perducuntur. Ideoque non ignobilis initia tamen, non difficillima curatio est, si
medicus, Chrysippidiscipulus, apud Antigonum imperata sunt corpori quies, sitis, inedia : at
206 A. CORN. CELSI

difficillima, si quies, sitis, inedia, imperata sunt corpori ; at

very difficult, if rest, thirst, fasting, have been enjoined to the body; but
si malum inveteravit, non discutitur nisi magnâ mole.
if the malady has inveterated, it is not dissipated except with great trouble.
Tamen ferunt Metrodorum, discipulum Epicuri, cum
Nevertheless they relate that Metrodorus, the disciple of Epicurus, when
tentaretur hoc morbo, neque sustineret æquo animo
he was troubled with this disease, nor did he endure with a patient mind
necessariam sitim, 异 solitum (esse), ubi abstinuerat › diu,
the necessary thirst, was accustomed, when he had abstained along time,
bibere, deinde evomere. Quod si quidquid receptum est
to drink, then to vomit it up again. But if whatever has been received
redditur, demit multum tædio : si
is brought up again, it takes away much from the irksomeness : if
retentum est a stomacho, auget morbum ; que ideo
it has been retained by the stomach, it increases the disease; and on that account
est non tentandum in quolibet. Sed si est febris
is not to be tried in every case (indiscriminately) . * But if there is fever
quoque, hæc in primis est submovenda, per eas ! rationes per
also, this in the first place is to be removed, by those means by
· huic posse succurri : ssi
quas propositum est æger
which it has been laid down that this can be relieved : if the patient
est sine febre, tum demum est veniendum ad ea quæ
is without fever, then at length we must come to those things which
solent mederi morbo ipsi (sc. hydropi). Atque hic quoque
are accustomed to cure the disease itself. And here also
quæcunque species est, si nondum occupavit nimis
whatever the kind is, if it has not yet occupied too much (extended too far)
est opus iisdem auxiliis ; ambulandum est multum, currendum
there is need of the same remedies ; he ought to walk much, to run
aliquid ; superiores partes maxime sunt perfricandæ, sic ut ipse
a little; the upper parts especially are to be rubbed, 80 that he himself
contineat spiritum ; sudor est evocandus, non tantum per exercitationem ,
hold in his breath ; sweat is to be elicited, not only by exercise,
sed etiam in calidâ arenâ, vel laconico, vel clibano, que
but also in hot sand, or the laconicum, or the clibanum, and
aliis similibus ; que naturales et siccæ sudationes, quales
other similar things; and natural and dry sweatings, such as
habemus myrtetis, super Baias, sunt maxime utiles. Balneum
we have in the myrtlegroves, above Baia, are very serviceable. The bath
atque omnis humor est alienus. Catapotia facta ex
and every (kind of) moisture is improper. Pills made of

si malum inveteravit,
discutitur. Metrodorumnontamen,
nisi magna
Epicurimole
dis | Atque
niendum est, quæ ipsi morbo mederi solent.
hic quoque quæcunque species est, si
cipulum, ferunt, cum hoc morbo tentaretur, nondum nimis occupavit, iisdem auxiliis opus
neque æquo animo necessariam sitim sustineret, est ; multum ambulandum, currendum aliquid
ubi diu abstinuerat, bibere solitum, deinde est superiores maxime partes sic perfricandæ,
evomere. Quod si redditur, quidquid receptum ut spiritum ipse contineat ; evocandus est su
est, multum tædio demit ; si a stomacho re dor, non per exercitationem tantum, sed etiam
tentum est, morbum auget : ideoque in quolibet in arena calida, vel laconico, vel clibano, si
tentandum non est. Sed si febris quoque est, milibusque aliis ; maximeque utiles naturales,
hæc in primis
per quas huic submovenda est propositum
succurri posse per eas rationes, et siccæ sudationes sunt, quales super Baias
est: in myrtetis habemus. Balneum, atque omnis
si sine febre æger est, tum demum ad ea ve humor alienus est. Jejuno recte catapotia
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 207
duabus (sc. rationibus absinthii, tertiâ parte J myrrhæ ,
two parts ofwormwood, with a third part of myrrh,
recte dantur jejuno. Cibus, quidem, debet esse ex
are properly given to himfasting. The food, indeed, ought to be ofthe
mediâ materiâ, sed tamen durioris generis : potio est non
intermediate matter, but yet ofthe harder kind: drink is not
danda ultra quam Sc. quæ necesse sit ut sustineat vitam ;
to be given farther than what is sufficient) that it may support life ;
que optima est (sc. ea potio) quæ movet urinam. Sed tamen
and the best is that which excites the urine. But yet
est melius moliri id ipsum cibo, quam medicamento.
it is better to attempt that itself byfood, than by medicine.
Si tamen res coget, aliquid ex iis quæ præstant
If however the matter shall urge, some one of those things 4 which effect
id erit decoquendum , que ea aqua danda potui.
this will be to be boiled down, and that water to be given for a drink.
Autem iris, nardum, crocum , cinnamum, amomum, casia, myrrha,
But iris, spikenard, saffron, cinnamon , cardamom, cassia, myrrh,
balsamum, galbanum, ladanum , œnanthe, panaces, cardamomum ,
balm of Gilead, galbanum, ladanum, dropwort, all-heal, cardamom,
hebenus, semen cupressi, videntur habere hanc facultatem,
ebony, seed ofthe cypress, seem to possess this power,
uva taminia, Græci nominant σταφίδα ἀγρίαν (staphida agrian ),
staves acre, the Greeks call it
abrotonum, folia rosæ, acorum , amaræ nuces,
southernwood, leaves ofthe rose, sweetflag, bitter walnuts,
tragoriganum, styrax, costum , semen quadrati juncti,
tragoriganum thyme, storax, spikenard, • the seed ofthe square bulrush,
et rotundi, Græci vocant illum κύπειρον (cupeiron ),
and oftheflowering rush, the Greeks call the former
hunc σχοῖνον (schoinon ) : quæ quoties posuero non significabo
the latter which as often as I shall mention I shall not mean
quæ nascuntur hic, sed quæ afferuntur inter aromata.
what grow here, but what are brought amongst the aromatics.
Primo, tamen, quæ sunt levissima ex his, id est, Tosæ
Atfirst, however, those which are the mildest of these, that is, rose
folia, vel nardi spica, sunt tentanda. Austerum vinum quoque est
leaves, or spikenard, are to be tried. Rough wine also is
utile, sed quam tenuissimum. Etiam est commodum quotidie
serviceable, but the lightest possible. Also it is serviceable daily
metiri ventrem lino, et imponere notam qua
to measure the belly with a string, and toplace a mark where

dantur, facta ex absinthii duabus, myrrhæ | ȧypías Græci nominant, abrotonum, rosæ folia,
tertia parte. Cibus esse debet ex media quidem acorum, amara nuces, tragoriganum, styrax,
materia, sed tamen generis durioris : potio non costum, junci quadrati et rotundi semen ;
ultra danda est, quam ut vitam sustineat; illum Uraipov, hunc exoivov Græci vocant : quæ
optimaque est, quæ urinam movet. Sed id ip quoties posuero, non quæ hic nascuntur, sed,
sum
meliustamen
est. Si moliri
tamencibo, quam ex
res coget, medicamento
iis aliquid quæ inter aromata afferuntur, significabo.
Primo tamen, quæ levissima ex his sunt, id
quæ id præstant, erit decoquendum, eaque aqua est, rosæ folia, vel nardi spica, tentanda sunt.
potui
haberedanda. Videntur
iris, nardum, autemcinnamum,
crocum, hanc facultatem
amo Vinum quoque utile est austerum, sed quam
tenuissimum. Commodum est etiam, lino quo
mum,
ladanum,casia,cenanthe,
myrrha,panaces,
balsamum, galbanum,
cardamomum, tidie ventrem metiri, et, qua comprehendit al
vum, notam imponere ; posteroque die videre,
hebenus, cupressi semen, uva taminia, orapída plenius corpus sit, an extenuetur : id enim,
208 A. CORN. CELSI

comprehendit alvum ; que postero die videre corpus sit

it compasses the belly ; and on the next day to see whether the body is
plenius, an extenuetur: enim id quod extenuatur , sentit medicinam.
larger, or is lessened : for that which is lessened, feels the medicine,
Neque est alienum metiri et ejús potionem et urinam :
Nor is it beside the purpose to measure both his drink and urine :
nam si plus humoris excernitur quam assumitur, ita demum est
for if more fluid is excreted than is taken, 80 at length there is
spes secundæ valetudinis. Asclepiades prodidit memoriæ,
hope ofgood health. Asclepiades has handed down to memory (related),
se usum (esse) abstinentiâ bidui et frictione, in eo qui
that he used an abstinence of two days and friction, in him who
deciderat ex quartanâ in hydropa ; tertio die dedisse
had fallen from a quartan into a dropsy ; on the third day that he gave
cibum et vinum (sc. ægro), jam liberato et febre et aquâ.
food and wine, to him now freed both from fever and water.
Hactenus potest præcipi communiter de omni specie : si malum
Thusfar it may be ordered in common of every kind : if the malady
est vehementius, ratio curandi est diducenda. Si ergo est
is more violent, the method of treating is to be divided. If therefore there is
inflatio, et ex eâ (sc. inflatione) est creber dolor, quotidianus
flatulence, and from it there is frequent pain, daily
vomitus, aut quoque altero die post cibum , est utilis:
vomiting, or on every other day after food, is serviceable:
utendum est siccis que calidis fomentis. Si dolor non
we must use dry and hot fomentations. If the pain is not
finitur per hæc, cucurbitulæ, sine ferro, sunt
terminated by these, the cupping-glasses, without the scarificator, are
necessariæ : si tormentum ne tollitur quidem per has, cutis
necessary: if the pain is not taken away even by these, the skin
est incidenda, et tum utendum his sc. cucurbitulis.
is to be incised, and then we must use them the cupping-glasses.)
Ultimum auxilium, si cucurbitu læ profuerunt nihil, est
The last remedy, if the cupping-glasses have availed nothing, is
infundere copiosam colidam aquam per alvum , que
to inject plenty ofhot water through the belly, and
recipere eam . Quin etiam est opus uti, ter ve quater
to receive it again. Moreover it is necessary to use, three or four times
quotidie, vehementi frictione cum oleo, et quibusdam calefacientibus :
daily, vehement friction with oil, and some calefacients:
sed in hac frictione abstinendum est a ventre. Vero sinapi
but in this friction we must keep off from the belly. But mustard

quod extenuatur, medicinam sentit. Neque quoque die post cibum, vomitus est : fomentis
alienum est, metiri et potionem ejus et urinam: siccis calidisque
nam si plus humoris excernitur, quam assumi dolor non finitur, utendum
necessariæest.suntSisine
per hæc
ferro
tur, ita demum secundæ valetudinis spes est. cucurbitulæ si ne per has quidem tormentum
Asclepiades in eo, qui ex quartana in hydropa tollitur, incidenda cutis est, et tum his uten
deciderat, se abstinentia bidui, et frictione dum. Últimum auxilium est, si cucurbitulæ
die, jam et febre et aqua liberato, nihil profuerunt, per alvum infundere copio
cibum ettertio
usum; vinum dedisse, memoriæ prodidit. sam aquam calidam, eamque recipere. Quin
Hactenus communiter de omni specie præcipi etiam quotidie ter quaterve opus est uti fric
potest : si vehementius malum est, diducenda tione vehementi,
facientibus: cumhacoleo
sed in et quibusdam
frictione a ventrecale
ratio curandi est. Ergo si inflatio, et ex ea ab
dolor creber est, utilis quotidianus, aut altero stinendum est. Imponendum vero in eum
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 209
imponendum crebrius in eum (sc. ventrem), donec erodat
ought to beput very frequently upon it, until it eat into (corrode)
cutem ; que venter est exulcerandus pluribus locis candentibus
the skin; and the belly is to be exulcerated in several places with hot
ferramentis, et ulcera servanda diutius. Etiam cocta scilla
irons, and the ulcers kept open a long time. Also boiled squill
delingitur utiliter. Sed diu post
is licked (used as a linctus) advantageously. But for a long time after
has inflationes, abstinendum est ab omnibus inflantibus.
these inflations (tympanies), he ought to refrain from all inflating things.
At si vitium est id, cui est nomen
But if the disease is that, to which there is (which has) the name
λευκοφλεγματία (leucophlegmatia ), oportet subjicere eas partes,
it is necessary to expose those parts,
quæ tument soli ; sed non nimium, ne incendat febriculam ;
which swell to the sun ; but not too much, lest it excite littlefever
si is (sc. sol pro æstu solis est vehementior , caput est
(feverishness); if it the sun solis) is more intense, the head is
velandum : que utendum est frictione manibus madefactis tantum
to be covered : and we must use friction with the hands moistened only
aquâ, cui sal et nitrum et paulum olei adjectum sit ;
with water, to which salt and nitre and a little oil has been added ;
sic ut aut pueriles aut muliebres manus adhibeantur, quo tactus
80 that either boys' or women's hands be applied, that the touch
earum sit mollior : que si vires patiuntur, oportet id
ofthem may be softer: and if the strength permit, it behooves that
fieri totâ horâ ante meridiem ; semi horâ post
to bedone during a whole hour before noon; for half an hour after
meridiem. Cataplasmata quæ reprimunt, sunt etiam utilia ; que
noon. Cataplasms which repress, are also useful; and
maxime si corpora sunt teneriora. Quoque incidendum est
especially if the bodies are more tender (delicate). Also we must incise
super talum , ex interiore parte, fere quatuor digitis,
(scarify) upon the ancle, on the inner side, for almost four fingers,
quâ (sc. parte) frequens humor feratur per aliquot
from which an abundant humour should be discharged for 80me
dies ; atque oportet incidere tumores ipsos altis
days; and it is necess ary to scarify the swellings themselves with deep
plagis : que corpus est concutiendum multâ gestatione ; atque ubi
incisions : and the body is to be shaken by much gestation ; and when
cicatrices inductæ sunt vulneribus, adjiciendum et
cicatrices have been brought upon the wounds, we must add (increase) both

crebrius sinapi, donec cutem erodat ; ferra sit adjectum ; sic, ut aut pueriles aut mulie
mentisque candentibus pluribus locis venter bres mauus adhibeantur, quo mollior earum
exulcerandus est, et servanda ulcera diutius. tactus sit: idque si vires patiuntur, ante me
Utiliter etiam scilla cocta delingitur. Sed diu ridiem, tota hora ; post meridiem, semihora
postinflantibus.
bus has inflationes abstinendum est ab omni fieri
quæ oportet. Utilia etiam suntsiestcataplasmata,
At si id vitium est, cui λευκοφλεγματία nomen riora reprimunt ; maximeque
sunt. Incidendumquoque corpora tene
super talum,
est, eas partes, quæ tument, subjicere soli opor quatuor fere digitis, ex parte interiore, qua
tet ; sed non nimium, ne febriculam incendat : per aliquot
ipsos dies incidere
tumores frequens altis
humorplagis
feratur; atque:
oportet
si is vehementior est, caput velandum est :
utendumque frictione, madefactis tantum ma concutiendumque multa gestatione corpus est:
nibus aqua, cui sal et nitrum et olei paulum atque, ubi inductee vulneribus cicatrices sunt,
 210 A. CORN. CELSI
exercitationibus et cibis, donec corpus revertatur ad pristinum
to the exercises and foods, until the body return to its former
habitum. Cibus debet esse valens et glutinosus, que maxime
condition. The food ought tobe strong and glutinous, and mostly
caro: vinum , si licet per stomachum, dulcius ; sed ita,
flesh : the wine, if it is permitted by the stomach, sweeter ; but 80,
ut invicem biduo ve triduo, modo aqua, modo id
that by turns for two or three days, sometimes water, sometimes it
vinum bibatur. Semen marinæ lactucæ, quæ nascitur grandis
wine be drank. The seed of the sea lettuce, which grows large
juxta mare, datum cum aqua potui, etiam prodest. Si
near the sea, given with water for a drink, is also serviceable. If
qui accipit id est valens, et cocta scilla, sicut dixi
(he) who takes that is strong, also boiled squills, 08 I have said
supra, delingitur. Que auctores sunt multi (qui præcipiunt
above, is licked (proper as alinctus). And the authors are many who direct
tumores esse pulsandos 8 inflatis vesicis. #
that the swellings are tobe beaten with inflated bladders. ada"g
Vero si est id • genus morbi, qu multa aqua contrahitur
But if itis that kind ofdisease, in which much water is collected
in uterum , oportet ambulare, sed magis modice ; habere
in the belly, it is proper to walk, but more moderately; to have
malagma impositum, quod digerat ; que adstringere id ipsum,
aplaister applied, which disperses ; and to bind that itself,
triplici panno superimposito, fascia, non tamen nimium
a three-fold cloth being placed on it, with a bandage, not however too
vehementer : quod profectum a Tharria, video
tightly: which having come (proceeding) from Tharrias, I observe (that it)
servatum esse a pluribus. Si est manifestum jecur aut
has been adopted by `many. If it is manifest that the liver or
lienem 'esse affectum, superimponere pinguem ficum contusam,
the spleen is affected, to put upon (thepart) a mellow fig bruised,
melle adjecto. Si venter non * siccatur per talia auxilia, sed
honey being added. If the belly is not dried (emptied) by such remedies, but
humor nihilominus abundat, convenit succurrere celeriori
the humour notwithstanding abounds, it is proper to relieve by a quicker
via, ut is emittatur per ventrem ipsum. Neque
method, so that it be let out (evacuated) through the belly itself. Nor
ignoro, hanc viam ´curandi displicuisse Erasistrato : enim
am I ignorant, " that this method ofhealing displeased Erasistratus : for
putavit hunc morbum jocinoris: ita illud jecur esse
he thought this a disease ofthe liver: 80 that it (the liver) was

adjiciendum et exercitationibus et cibis, donec | modice oportet ; malagma, quod digerat, im

corpus ad pristinum habitumrevertatur. Cibus positum habere; idque ipsum superimposito
valens esse debet, et glutinosus, maximeque triplici panno, fascia, non nimiam tamen ve
hementer, adstringere
caro : vinum, si per stomachum licet, dulcius ; fectum, esse: aquod a Tharria
video. pro
sed ita, ut invicem biduo triduove, modo aqua, jecur, autservatum pluribus Si
lienem affectum esse, manifestum est,
modo id bibatur. Prodest etiam lactucæ ma
rinæ, quæ grandis juxtamare nascitur, semen, ficum pinguem contusam, adjecto melle, super
cum aqua potui datum. Si valens est, qui id tur, ponere. Ši per talia auxilia venter non sicca
accipit, et scilla cocta, sicut supra dixi, delin sed humor nihilominus abundat, celeriori
via succurrere, ut is per ventrem ipsum emit
gitur. Auctoresque multi sunt, inflatis vesicis tatur.
pulsandos tumores esse. Neque ignoro, Erasistrato displicuisse
Si vero id morbi genus est, quo in uterum hanc curandi viam morbum enim hunc joei
multa aqua contrahitur, ambulare, sed magis noris putavit : ita illud esse sanandum ; frus
 MEDICINE LIB. III, 211
sanandum ; que aquam emitti frustra, quæ, illo (jo
tobe cured ; and that the water was evacuated in vain, which, it
cinore) vitiato, subinde nascatur. Sed primum,
being diseased, immediate ly reaccumulates. But in thefirst place,
hoc est non 'vitium hujus visceris uniûs ; n am fit et
this is not a disease ofthis viscus alone; for itoccurs both
liene affecto, et in malo habit u totiùs corporis.
from the spleen being affected, and in a bad habit ofthe whole body.
Deinde, ut cœperit inde, tamen aqua, quæ
Then, though it may have begun from thence, yet the water , which
substitit ibi contra naturam , nisi emittitur, nocet
has settled there against nature (unnaturally), unless it is evacuated, injures
et jocinori et ceteris interioribus partibus. Que convenit
both the liver and the other more internal parts. And it is proper
corpus nihilominus esse curandum. Enim neque humor
that the body nevertheless is to be treated. For neither does the humour
emissus sanat, sed facit locum medicinæ, quam inclusus
(being) drawn of heal, but makes room for medicine, which shut up
intus impedit. Ac illud ne quidem venit in cont oversiam,
within it hinders. And this does not even come into question,
quin omnes possunt non curari sic in hoc morbo ; sed
that Vall can not be treated 80 (as above) in this disease ; but
robusti juvenes, qui vel carent febre ex toto, vel certe
strong young men, who either arefree from fever altogether, or at least
habent " satis liberales intermissiones. Nam quorum stomachus
have sufficiently ample intermissions. For (they) of whom the stomach
est corruptus, ve qui deciderunt huc ex atra bile, ve
is corrupted, or who havefallen hither (into this disease) from atra bile, or
qui habent malum habitum corporis, sunt non idonei huic curati
who have a bad habit ofbody, are not fit forthis treat
oni (paracentesi abdominis): Autem cibus, die quo humor
ment. But food, on the day on which the humour
primum emissus est, est supervacuus, nisi si vires desunt:
first has been drawn off, is superfluous, unless when the strength are wanting:
insequentibus diebus, et is et quidem meracius vinum, sed non
on thefollowing days, both it and even purer wine, but not
ita multum, debet dari, que æger est paulatim evocandus
very much, ought to be given, and the patient is gradually to be enticed
ad exercitationes, frictiones, solem, sudationes, fatigationes, et
to exercises, frictions, the sun, sweatings, fatigues, and
idoneos cibos, donec ex toto convalescat. Res amat balneum
proper foods, until he is perfectly convalescent. The matter likes the bath

traque aquam
nascatur. Sedemitti, quæ, vitiato
primum, illo, subinde
non hujus visceris | sedjuvenes robusti,
vel certe satis qui vel
liberales ex toto carenthabent.
intermissiones febre,
unius hoc vitium est : nam et liene affecto, et Nam quorum stomachus corruptus est, quive ex
in totius corporis malo habitu fit. Deinde, ut atra bile huc deciderunt, quive malum corporis
inde cœperit, tamen aqua nisi emittitur, quæ habitum habent, idonei huic curationi non
contra naturam ibi substitit, et jocinori, et sunt. Cibus autem, quo die primum humor
ceteris interioribus
que, corpus partibus
nihilominus essenocet.
curandum.Convenit- emissus est, supervacuus est, nisi si vires de
Ne sunt: insequentibus diebus, et is, et vinum
que enim sanat emissus humor, sed medicinæ meracius quidem, sed non ita multum dari
locumfacit, quam intus inclusus impedit. Ac debet, paulatimque evocandus æger est ad ex
ne illud
non omnesquidem
in hocin morbo
controversiam
sic curarivenit, quin; gationes,
possint ercitationes,
et frictiones, solem,
idoneos cibos, sudationes,
donec ex toto fati
con
 212 A. CORN. CELSI

rarum ; frequentiorem vomitum in jejuno. Si est æstas,

seldom ; morefrequent vomiting whilst fasting. If it is summer,
est commodum natare in mari. Ubi aliquis convaluit,
it is advantageous to swim in the sea. When any one has become convalescent,
tamen usus veneris est diu alienus ei.
H o
still the practice ofvenery is for a long timew
improper for him.

CAP. XXII.
CHAP. XXII.

Species Tabis.
Species of Consumption.
Tabes sæpe male habet diutius et periculosius eos
Consumption often afflicts longer and more dangerously those
quos invasit. Atque hujûs quoque sunt plures species.
whom it has attacked. And of this also there are several kinds.
Una est quâ corpus non alitur, et aliquibus
One is (that) in which the body is not nourished, and some things
semper decedentibus naturaliter, vero nullis subeuntibus in eorum
always departing naturally , but none coming into their
locum, summa macies oritur ; et, nisi occurritur,
place, the greatest emaciation arises; and, unless it is stopped,
tollit. Græci vocant han ᾿Ατροφίαν (atrophian ). Ea
destroys. The Greeks call it atrophy. It
consuevit incidere fere de duabus causis. Enim
has been accustomed to happen commonly from two causes. For
aliquis aut nimio timore assumit minus, aut nimiâ
aperson either from too much fear takes less, or from too great
aviditate plus quam debet ; ita vel quod deest, infirmat,
avidity more than he ought ; 80 either what is wanting, weakens,
vel quod superat, corrumpitur. Est altera species, quam
or what is superfluous, is corrupted. There is another kind, which
Græci appellant kaxεžíav (cachexian) : ubi habitus corporis est
the Greeks call cachexy : when the habit of the body is
malus ; que ideo omnia alimenta corrumpuntur. Quod
bad; and on that account all (kinds of) aliments are corrupted. Which
fere fit cum corpora vitiata longo morbo, etiamsi
mostly happens when bodies vitiated bylong disease, although
vacant illo, tamen non accipiunt refectionem ; aut
they are free from it, yet they do not admit of recruiting; or

valescat. Balneum rarum res amat ; frequen- ,locum subeuntibus, summa macies oritur ; et,
tiorem in jejuno
mari natare vomitum.est. Si Ubi
commodum estasconvaluit
est, in nisi
vocant.occurritur, tollit.
Ea duabus fere de'Arpopiar hanc Græci
causis incidere con
aliquis, diu tamen alienus ei veneris usus est. suevit. Aut enim nimio timore aliquis minus,
aut aviditate nimia plus, quam debet, assumit
CAP. XXII.- Tabis Species.-DIUTIUS sæpe et ita vel, quod deest, infirmat ; vel, quod superat
periculosius tabes eos male babet, quos invasit. corrumpitur. Altera species est, quam Græci
Atque hujus quoque plures species sunt. Una xaxekiar appellant : ubi malus corporis habitus
est, qua corpus non alitur, et naturaliter sem est ; ideoque omnia alimenta corrumpuntur,
per aliquibus decedentibus, nullis vero in eorum Quod fere fit, cum longo morbo vitiata corpora,
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 213
corpus affectum est malis medicamentis ; aut cum
the body has been disordered by improper medicines ; or when
necessaria /sc. alimenta, &c defuerunt diu : aut
the necessaries oflife ¹, &c.) have been wanting for a long time : or
cum aliquis assumsit inusitatos et inutiles cibos, ve aliquid
when any one hastaken unusual and unwholesome foods, or any thing
simile incidit. Præter tabem, illud quoque nonnunquam
similar has happened. Besides consumption, this also sometimes
solet accidere huic, ut summa cutis exasperetur
is accustomed to happen to this person, that the surface of the skin is irritated
per assiduas pustulas, aut ulcera, vel aliquæ partes corporis
by perpetual pustules, or ulcers, ᎤᏛ some parts ofthebody
intumescant. Est tertia que longe periculosissima species,
swell. There is a third and byfar the most dangerous kind,
quam Græci nominarunt φθίσιν (Phthisin ). Fere oritur
which the Greeks have named It mostly arises
a capite ; inde destillat in pulmonem ; ulceratio
from the head; from thence it drops down into the lungs; ulceration
accedit huic ; levis febricula fit ex hac, quæ etiam
succeeds to this ; slight feverishness takes place from this, which even
cum quievit, tamen repetit ; est frequens tussis ; pus
though it has ceased, nevertheless returns ; there is frequent cough ; pus
exscreatur ; interdum aliquid cruentum . Quidquid est
is expectorated ; sometimes something bloudy . Whatever is
exscreatum , si - est impositum in ignem, est mali odoris ;
expectorated, if it is placed upon the fire, is ofa bad smell ;
itaque qui dubitant de morbo, utuntur hac notâ.
therefore they who doubt concerning the disease, use this mark.
Cum sint hæc genera tabis, oportet primum
Since there are these kinds of consumption, it behooves first
sit in quo laboretur (impers .) Deinde
animadvertere quid ( genus)
to consider which kind it is in which it is laboured (he is labouring ). Then
si corpus videtur tantum non ali, attendere causam ejûs ; et
if the body seems only not to be nourished, to study the cause ofit; and
si aliquis assumsit minus cibi quam debet, adjicere, sed
if a person has taken less food than he ought, to add to it, but
paulatim ; ne si oneraverit corpus insuetum subitâ
by degrees ; lest if he should oppress the body unaccustomed with a
multitudine impediat concoctionem. Vero si quis
sudden quantity he may hinder digestion. But if a person
solitus est assumere plus justo, debet abstinere
has been accustomed to take more than proper, he ought! to abstain

etiamsi illo vacant, refectionem tamen non repetit; frequens tussis est ; pus exscreatur ;
accipiunt ; aut cum malis medicamentis corpus interdum cruentum aliquid. Quidquid exscre
affectum est; aut cum diu necessaria defue atum est, si in ignem impositum est, mali odo.
runt ; aut cum inusitatos et inutiles cibos ali ris est : itaque, qui de morbo dubitant, hac
nota utuntur.
quis assumsit, aliquidve simile incidit. Huic, Cum hæc genera tabis sint, animadvertere
præter tabem, illud quoque nonnunquam acci primum oportet, quid sit, in quo laboretur.
dere solet, ut per assiduas pustulas, aut ulcera, Deinde, si tantum non ali corpus apparet,
summa cutis exasperetur, vel aliquæ corporis causam ejus attendere ; et si cibi minus aliquis,
partes intumescant. Tertia est, longeque peri quam debet, assumsit, adjicere, sed paulatim ;
culosissima species, quam Græci peto nomina ne si corpus insuetum subita multitudine
runt. Oritur fere a capite ; inde in pulmonem oueraverit, concoctionem impediat. Si veroplus
destillat ; huic exulceratio accedit ; ex hac fe justo quis assumere solitus est, abstinere uno
bricula levis fit, quæ etiam, cum quievit, tamen
214 A. CORN . CELSI

uno die ; deinde incipere ab exiguo cibo, adjicere quotidie, donec

for one day; then to begin with a little food, to add (to it) daily , until
perveniat ad justum modum. Præter hæc, convenit ambulare
he come to the proper quantity. Besides these things, it is suitable to walk
locis quam minime frigidis, sole vitato : exerceri
in places 48 little cold as possible, the sun being avoided : to be exercised
per manus quoque ; si est infirmior gestari, ungi,
bythe (motion of) hands also; if he is weaker to be carried, to be anointed,
perfricari, si potest, maxime per se ipsum, sæpius eodem die,
to be rubbed, if he can, mostly by himself, veryoften on the same day,
et ante cibum et post eum, sic ut interdum quædam
both before food and after it, 80 that occasionally some
calefacientia adjiciantur oleo, donec insudet. Que prodest
calefacients be added to the oil, until he sweat. And it is beneficial
prehendere cutem per multas partes jejuno, et attrahere
to take hold of the skin in many parts while he is fasting, and to pull it
ut relaxetur ; aut subinde facere idem , resinâ impositâ
so that it may be relaxed; or frequently to do the same, by resin placed upon
et abductâ. Balneum etiam est interdum utile, sed post
and drawn from it. The bath also is sometimes serviceable, but after
exiguum cibum. Atque aliquid cibi recte assumitur in solio
a slight meal. And some (of) food is properly taken in the solium
ipso; aut si fuit frictio sine hoc, (sc. balneo protinus
itself; or if there has been friction without this, the bath immediately
post eam (frictionem) . Vero cibi debent esse ex iis (sc. cibis)
after it. But the foods ought to be from those
qui facile concoquuntur, qui alunt maxime. Ergo usus
which are easily digested, which nourish the most. Therefore the use
vini quoque, sed austeri, est necessarius. Urina (est) movenda.
of wine also , but rough, is necessary. The urine ought to be excited.
At si habitus corporis est malus, abstinendum est primum ;
But if the habit body is he must abstain atfirst ;
deinde alvus ducenda, tum paulatim cibi dandi,
then the belly ought to be clystered, then by degrees foods to begiven,
exercitationibus, unctionibus, frictionibus adjectis . Frequens balneum
exercises, inunctions, frictions being added. Afrequent bath
est utilius his sed jejunis ; etiam usque sudorem. Vero
is more serviceable to these but while fasting; even unto sweating. But
est opus copiosis variis cibis, boni succi, que qui
there is need of abundant various foods, ofgood juice, and which
etiam corrumpantur minus facile, austero vino. Si reliqua
also can be corrupted less easily, rough wine. If the remaining (things)

die; deinde ab exiguo cibo incipere ; quotidie Atque in ipso solio recte cibi aliquid assumi
adjicere, donec ad justum modum perveniat. tur; aut, si sine hoc frictio fuit, post eam
Præter hæc convenit ambulare locis quam mi protinus. Cibi vero esse debent ex iis, qui fa
nime frigidis, sole vitato ; per manus quoque cile concoquuntur, qui maxime alunt. Ergo
exerceri si infirmior est, gestari, ungi, perfri vini quoque, sed austeri, necessarius usus est.
cari, si potest, maxime per se ipsum, sæpius Movenda urina.
eodem die, et ante cibum, et post eum, sic, ut At si malus corporis habitus est, primum
interdum oleo insudet.
cientia, donec quædam adjiciantur
Prodestque calefa
jejuno abstinendum est : deinde alvus ducenda ; tum
paulatim cibi dandi, adjectis exercitationibus,
prehendere per multas partes cutem, et attra unctionibus, frictionibus. Utilius his frequens
here, ut relaxetur; aut, imposita resina et balneum est, sed jejunis ; etiam usque sudorem.
abducta, subinde idem facere. Utile est etiam Cibis vero opus est copiosis, variis, boni succi,
interdum balneum, sed post cibum exiguum. quique etiam minus facile corrumpantur, vino
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 215

proficiunt nihil, sanguis est mittendus ; sed paulatim,

benefit nothing, blood is to be let ; but by little and little,
utendum est exiguis missionibus que quotidie pluribus diebus, cum
we must practise small blood-lettings and daily, for several days, with
eo . .ut cetera auxilia quoque serventur eodem
this (proviso) that the other remedies also be observed in the same
modo. #3
manner.
Quod si est plus mali, et est vera phthisis, est
But if there is more mischief, and it is a true phthisis, it is
necessarium Occurrere protinus inter initia ; enim neque
necessary to put a stop to it immediately at the commencement; for neither
est is morbus facile evincitur cum inveteraverit. Est opus,
is that disease easily mastered when it has inveterated. There is need,
si vires patiuntur, longâ navigatione, mutatione cœli ; sic ut
if the strength permit, ofa long sea voyage, ofa change ofair; So that
densius, quam id est ex quo æger discedit, petatur ; que
a denser, than that is from which thepatient departs, be sought ; and
ideo itur ab ægris aptissime ex
on that account they go (the sick expressed impersonally) very properly from
Italia Alexandriam. Que fere corpus debet posse pati id
Italy to Alexandria. And generally the body ought to be able to bear that
inter principia, cum hic morbus maxime oriatur firmissimâ
at the beginning, since this disease mostly arises at the strongest
ætate, id est ab duodevicesimo anno ad quintum et tricesimum
age, that is from the eighteenth year to the five and thirtieth
annum. Si imbecillitas non sinit id, tamen est commodissimum
year. If weakness does not permit that, yet it is most advantageous
gestari non longe nave : si aliqua res prohibet navigationem,
to be carried not far in a ship : if any thing hinders a sea voyage,
corpus est movendum lecticâ, vel alio modo. Tum
the body is to be exercised in a sedan, or in some other manner. Then
abstinendum est a negotiis , que omnibus rebus quæ possunt
he must refrain from business, and all things which can
sollicitare animum : indulgendum somno : destillationes cavendæ,
disturb the mind: indulge in sleep : catarrhs are to beguarded against,
si cura levarit quid, ne exasperent ; et ob
that if care should have abated any thing, they do not exasperate it ; and on
id, cruditas est vitanda, que simul et sol
account ofthat, crudity is to be avoided, and at the same time both the sun
et frigus : OS obtegendum ; fauces velandæ,
and cold : the mouth is to be covered ; the throat to be wrapped up,

austero. Si nihil reliqua proficiunt, sanguis corpus pati debet, cum hic morbus ætate
mittendus est ; sed paulatim, quotidieque plu firmissima maxime oriatur, id est, ab anno
ribus
modo diebus, cum
serventur. eo, ut cetera quoque eodem duodevicesimo ad annum quintum et tricesi
mum. Si id imbecillitas non sinit, nave tamen
Quod si mali plus est, et vera phthisis est, non longe gestari commodissimum est : si na
inter initia protinus occurrere necessarium vigationem aliqua res prohibet, lectica, vel
est: neque enim facile is morbus, cum inve alio modo corpus movendum est. Tum a ne
teraverit, evincitur. Opus est, si vires patiun gotiis abstinendum est, omnibusque rebus,
tur, longa navigatione, cæli mutatione, sic ut quæ sollicitare animum possunt ; somno in
densius quam id est, ex quo discedit æger, dulgendum ; cavenda destillationes, ne, si
petatur: ideoque aptissime Alexandriam ex quid cura levarit, exasperent ; et ob id vitanda
Italia itur. Fereque id posse inter principia cruditas, simulque et sol et frigus ; os obte
216 A. CORN. CELSI
tussicula finienda suis remediis : et, quidem,
any little cough to be terminated by its (proper) remedies : and, indeed,
quamdiu febricula incursat, medendum huic interdum abstinentiâ,
so long as feverishness attacks, we must treat it sometimes by abstinence,
interdum etiam tempestivis cibis ; que eo tempore (sc. febric. incursion.)
sometimes even by seasonable food ; and at that time
aqua bibenda. Lac quoque, quod in doloribus capitis,
water (is) to be drank. Milk also, which in pains ofthe head,
et in acutis febribus, et nimiâ siti factâ per eas, ac,
and in acute fevers, and the too great thirst caused by them, likewise,
sive præcordia tument, sive urina est biliosa, sive sanguis
if the præcordia swell, or the urine is bilious, or blood
fluxit, est pro veveno ; tamen potest recte dari in
hasflowed, is as poison ; nevertheless may be rightly given in
phthisi, sicut in omnibus longis que difficilibus febriculis . Quod si
phthisis, as also in all chronic and difficult fevers. But if
febris aut nondum incursat, aut jam remisit , decurrendum est
thefever either does not as yet attack , or has now remitted , we must resort
ad modicas exercitationes, que maxime ambulationes ; item lenes
to moderate exercises, and especially walkings ; likewise gentle
frictiones. Balneum est alienum . Cibus debet esse primo
frictions. The bath is improper. The food ought to be atfirst
acer, ut allium, porrum, que id ipsum ex aceto, vel intubus,
sharp, as garlic, leek, and that itself with vinegar, or endive,
ocimum , lactuca ex eodem ; deinde lenis, ut sorbitio ex
basil royal, lettuce with the same ; afterwards light, as gruel of
ptsianâ, vel ex alicâ, vel ex amylo, lacte adjecto. Oryza quoque,
ptisan, or of maize, or of starch, milk being added. Rice also,
et si est nihil aliud, far præstat idem, Tum
and if there is nothing else, oatmeal effects the same. Then
utendum est invicem modo his cibis, modo illis :
we must use by turns sometimes the latter foo ds, sometimes theformer:
que quædam adjicienda ex mediâ materiâ, que
and some (things) to be added from the intermediate matter, and
præcipue ex primâ vel cerebellum , vel pisciculus, que
especially of thefirst either the cerebellum, or littlefish, and
similia his. Etiam farina mixta cum ovillo ve caprino
similar things to these. Also meal mixed with mutton or goat
sevo, deinde incocta , est pro medicamento. Leve austerum
suet, then boiled, is for medicine. Light rough
vinum debet assumi. Hactenus pugnatur (impers. ponitur)
wine ought to be taken. Hitherto it is contended

gendum, fauces velandæ, tussicula suis re lenes frictiones. Balneum alienum est. Cibus
mediis finienda : et, quamdiu quidem febricula esse debet primo acer, ut allium, porrum, id
incursat, huic interdum abstinentia, interdum que ipsum ex aceto, vel ex eodem intubus, oci
etiam tempestivis cibis medendum ; eoque mum, lactuca : deinde lenis, ut sorbitio ex
tempore bibenda aqua. Lac quoque, quod in ptisaua, vel ex alica, vel ex amylo, lacte ad
capitis doloribus, et in acutis febribus, et per jecto. Idem oryza quoque, et, si nihil aliud
eas facta uimia siti, ac, sive præcordia tument,
sive biliosa urina est, sive sanguis fluxit, pro est, far præstat. Tum invicem modo his cibis,
modo illis utendum est ; adjiciendaque quæ
veneno est ; in phthisi tamen, sicut in omnibus dam ex media materia, præcipueque vel ex
difficilibusque
longisQuod febriculis, recte dari po prima cerebellum , vel pisciculus, et his similia.
test. si febris aut nondum incursat, aut Farina etiam cumprosevo ovillo caprinove mixta,
jam remisit, decurrendum est ad modicas deinde incocta, medicamento est. Vinum
exercitationes, maximeque ambulationes ; item assumi debet leve, austerum. Hactenus non
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 217
non magná mole: si noxa est vehementior, ac neque
with no great difficulty : if the injury is greater, and• neither
febricula , neque tussis + quiescit, que corpus apparet
the feverishness, nor the cough abates, and the body appears
tenuari, est opus validioribus auxiliis. Exulcerandum est
to be wasted , there is need of more powerful remedies. We must exulcerate
(sc. cutem) ferro candenti, uno loco sub mento, altero in
with a hot iron, in one place under the chin, in another in
gutture, duobus ad utramque mammam ; item sub imis
the throat , in two in each breast ; likewise under the inferior
ossibus scapularum, quas Græci vocant ὠμοπλάτας
(parts of) the bones of the scapulæ , which the Greeks call
(homoplatas), sic ne sinamus ulcera sanescere, nisi
so that we do not suffer the ulcers to heal, unless
tussi finitâ : esse medendum (nobis) cui quoque per se,
the cough being ended : that we ought to treat which also by itself
est manifestum. Tunc extremæ partes perfricandæ
(specially), is manifest. Then the extreme parts to he rubbed
vehementer ter ve quater die, thorax pertractandus levi
strongly three or four times a day, the thorax to be handled with a light
manu, hora intermittenda post cibum, et crura que brachia
hand, an hour to be interposed after food, and the legs and arms
perfricanda : denis diebus interpositis, est demittendus
to be rubbed : ten days being interposed, theæger patient is to be let down
in solium , in quo sit calida aqua et oleum :
into the solium, in which there should be hot water and oil :
aqua est bibenda ceteris diebus ; tum vinum est dandum potui,
water is to be drank on the other days ; then wine is to be given for drink,
frigidum , si est non tussis, si est , egelidum . Est utile
cold, * if there is not cough, if there is, lukewarm . It is useful
etiam cibos dari quotidie in remisssionibus : frictiones et
also thatfood be given daily in the remissions : thatfrictions and
gestationes adhiberi similiter : se sumere acria eadem
gestations be applied in like manner : (that he take sharp things the same
quarto aut quinto die; se interdum esse herbam-sanguinalem
on the fourth 01 fifth day; (that he sometimes eat blood-wort
ex aceto vel plantaginem. Etiam vel succus plantaginis per
out of vinegar 07 plantain. Also either thejuice ofplantain by
se est medicamentum, vel marrubii incoctus cum melle; ita
itself is a remedy, 01 ofhorehound boiled with honey ; 80
ut cyathus illius sorbeatur, cochleare plenum hujûs
that a cup ofthat (the former) may be swallowed, a spoon full of this

magna mole pugnatur : si vehementior noxa fricanda crura, brachiaque : interpositis denis
est, ac neque febricula, neque tussis quiescit, diebus, demittendus est æger in solium, in quo
tenuarique corpus apparet, validioribus auxi sit aqua calida et oleum: ceteris diebus bi
liis opus est. Exulcerandum est ferro candenti, benda aqua ; tum vinum, si tussis non est, po
loco sub mento,
unomammam altero in gutture, duobus
utramque ; item tui frigidum dandum ; si est, egelidum. Utile
ad sub imis ossibus est etiam in remissionibus quotidie cibos dari :
scapularum, quas uorλáras
ne sanescere ulcera sinamus,Græci vocant,
nisi tussi sic,:
finita frictiones gestationesque similiter adhiberi :
cui per se quoque medendum esse, manifestum eadem acría quarto, aut quinto die sumere :
est. Tunc ter quaterve die vehementer extremæ interdum herbam sanguinalem ex aceto, vel
partes perfricandæ, thorax levi manu pertrac plantaginem esse. Medicamentum est etiam
tandus, post cibum intermittenda hora, et per vel plantaginis succus per se, vel marrubii cum
melle incoctus ; ita ut illius cyathus sorbeatur,
L
218 A. CORN. CELSI
delingatur paulatim ; vel dimidia pars resina
(the latter) may be licked up gradually ; or a half part ofresin
terebinthinæ, altera pars butyri et mellis mixta inter
ofturpentine, the other part ofbutter and ofhoney mixed among
se, et incocta. Tamen præcipua ex omnibus
themselves (together), and boiled. Nevertheless the chief of all
his sunt victus, vehiculum , et navis, et sorbitio. Cita
these are food, carriage exercise, and sailing, and gruel. A quick
alvus est utique vitanda. Frequens vomitus in hoc morbo
belly is especially to be avoided. Frequent vomiting in this disease
est perniciosus, que maxime sanguinis. Qui cœpit esse
is pernicious, and especially ofblood. He who has begun to be
meliusculus, debet adjicere exercitationes, frictiones, cibos : deinde
something better, ought to add to (increase) his exercises, frictions, food : then
ipse spiritu suppresso, perfricare se ; diu
he himself his breath being suppressed, to rub himself; for a long time
abstinere a vino, balneo, venere.
to abstain from wine, from the bath, venery.

CAP. XXIII.
CHAP. XXIII.
Comitialis Morbus.
Comitial Disease (Epilepsy) .
Inter notissimos morbos, est etiam is, qui nominatur
Among the most known diseases , is also that, which is named
comitialis, vel major epilepsia. Homo subito concidit ; spumæ
comitial, or the greater epilepsy. Theperson suddenly falls down ; foam
moventur ex ore ; deinde tempore interposito, redit ad
are excited from his mouth ; then a time being interposed, he returns to
se, et ipse consurgit per se. Id genus occupat viros
himself, and he rises by himself. This kind attacks men
sæpius quam feminas. Ac etiam solet esse quidem longum
oftener than women . And also it is accustomed to be even chronic
usque ad diem mortis, et non periculosum vitæ ; tamen
quite unto the day of death, and not dangerous to life; nevertheless
interdum cum est recens, consumit hominem : et sæpe, si remedia
sometimes when it is recent, it destroys a man: and often, if remedies
non sustulerunt, initium veneris in pueris, menstruorum in
have not removed it, the beginning of venery in boys, ofmenstruation in

hujus cochleare plenum paulatim delingatur ; CAP. XXIII.-Morbus Comitialis.- INTER no

vel inter se mixta, et incocta resinæ terebin tissimos morbos est etiam is, qui comitialis,
thinæ pars dimidia, butyri et mellis pars al vel major nominatur. Homo subito concidit;
tera. Præcipua tamen ex his omnibus sunt ex ore spumæ moventur ; deinde interposito
victus, vehiculum, et navis, et sorbitio. Alvus tempore ad se redit, et per se ipse consurgit.
cita utique vitanda est. Vomitus in hoc morbo Id genus sæpius viros, quam feminas, occupat.
frequens, perniciosus est, maximeque sanguinis. Ac solet quidem etiam longum esse, usque ad
Qui meliusculus esse cœpit, adjicere debet ex mortis diem, et vitæ non periculosum ; inter
ercitationes, frictiones, cibos : deinde ipse se, dum tamen cum recens est, hominem cousumit:
suppresso spiritu, perfricare ; diu abstinere a et sæpe eum, si remedia non sustulerunt, in
vino, balneo, venere. pueris veneris, in puellis menstruorum initium
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 219

puellis, tollit eum. Modo aliquis prolabitur cum

girls, removes it. Sometimes a person falls down with
distentione nervorum , modo sine illâ. Quidam
stretching ofthetendons (convulsions), sometimes without it. Some
quoque conantur excitare hos, iisdem (sc. auxiliis) quibus
also endeavour to rouse these, by the same means by which
(excitare conantur) lethargicos : quod est admodum supervacuum ; et
they excite lethargics: which is very superfluous ; both
quia lethargicus quidem ne sanatur his (sc. auxiliis) ; et
because the lethargic even is not cured by these meuns ; and
quia cum ille possit nunquam expergisci, atque ita interire
because though theformer may never awake, and 80 perish
fame, hic utique revertitur ad se. Ubi aliquis
from hunger, the latter certainly returns to himself. When a person
concidit, si nulla distensio nervorum accessit, sanguis debet
falls down, if no convulsion ofthe tendons has come on, blood ought
utique mitti : si accessit, utique est non mittendus, nisi
certainly to be let : if it has come on, certainly it is not to be let, unless
alia quoque hortantur. Au est necessarium ducere
other things also encourage it. But it is necessary to clyster
alvum , vel purgare nigro veratro, vel facere utrumque, si
the belly, or to cleanse with black hellebore, 09 to do both, if
vires patiuntur : tunc tondere caput, que perungere oleo et
the strength permit it: then to clip the head, and to anoint with oil and
aceto ; post tertium diem, dare cibum, simul hora transiit
vinegar; after the third day , togive food, as soon as the hour has passed
quâ concidit. Autem neque sorbitiones que alii molles et
in which he fell down. But neither gruels and other soft and
faciles cibi, neque caro, que minime suilla convenit his,
easy foods, nor flesh, and least of all pork suits these persons ,
sed mediæ materiæ : nam est et opus viribus, et
but the intermediate matters : for there is both need ofstrength, and
cruditates sunt cavendæ. Cum quibus oportet fugere solem,
crudities are to be avoided. With which it behooves to avoid the sun,
balneum, ignem, que omnia calefacientia ; item frigus, vinum,
the bath, fire, and all heatingthings ; likewise cold, wine,
venerem , conspectum præcipitis loci, que omnium terrentium ,
venery, the sight ofa steep place, and ofall terrifying things,
vomitum , lassitudinem, solicitudines, omnia negotia. Ubi cibus
vomiting, weariness, anxieties, all business. When food
datus est tertio die debet intermittere quartum, et
has been given on the third day to omit the fourth, and

tollit. Modo cum distentione nervorum pro vel utrumque facere, si vires patiuntur : tunc
labitur aliquis, modo sine illa. Quidam hos caput tondere, oleoque et aceto perungere ;
quoque iisdem, quibus lethargicos, excitare co cibum post diem tertium, simul transiit hora,
nantur: quod admodum supervacuum est ; et qua concidit, dare. Neque sorbitiones autem
quia ne lethargicus quidem his sanatur; et his, aliique molles et faciles cibi, neque caro,
quia, cum possit ille nunquam expergisci, minimeque suilla convenit ; sed media mate
atque ita fame interire, hic ad se utique rever riæ : nam
vendæ et viribus opus fugere
est, et cruditates ca
titur. Ubi concidit aliquis, si nulla nervorum sunt. Cum quibus oportet solemn,
distentio accessit, utique sanguis mitti debet : balneum, ignem, omniaque calefacientia; item
si accessit, non utique mittendus est, nisi frigus, vinum, venerem, loci præcipitis con
alia quoque hortantur. Necessarium autem spectum, omniumque terrentium, vomitum,
est, ducere alvum, vel nigro veratro purgare, lassitudínem, sollicitudines, negotia omnia.
L2
 220 A. CORN. CELSI

quemque alterum invicem, eâdem horâ cibi servatâ, donec

every other by turns (alternate), the same hour offood being observed, until
quatuordecem dies transeant. Quos (sc. dies quatuordecem ) ubi morbus
fourteen days pass over. Which when the disease
excessit, deposuit vim acuti sc. morbi: ac, si
has passed, it hasputoff the violence of an acute disease ::) and, if
manet, est jam curandus ut longus. Quod si medicus
it remains, it is now to be treated as a chronic. But if the physician
non accessit die quo id sc. hominem concidisse primum
has not attended on the day in which that that the manfell down first
incidit, sed is, qui consuevit cadere, traditus est ei ;
happened, but he, who has been accustomed to fall, has been delivered to him ;
protinus habito eo genere victûs, qui comprehensus est
having immediately prescribed that kind ofdiet, which has been comprised
supra, dies quo prolabatur est exspectandus ; que tum
above, the day on which he mayfall down i8 to be waited for ; and then
utendum est vel missione sanguinis, vel ductione alvi,
we must practise either letting of blood, or clystering of the belly,
vel nigro veratro, sicut præceptum est ; deinde insequentibus diebus,
or black hellebore, as has been directed ; then on thefollowing days,
est nutriendus per eos cibos, quos proposui, omnibus
he is to be supported by those foods, which I have mentioned, all those things
vitatis quæ dixi esse cavenda. Si morbus
being avoided which Ihave said were to be avoided. If the disease
non fuerit finitus per hæc, erit (nobis) confugiendum
should not be terminated by these (remedies), we shall be obliged to have recourse
ad album veratrum ; ac utendum eo quoque ter aut quater, non
to white hellebore ; and to use it also three or four times, not
ita multis diebus interpositis ; sic tamen, ne unquam sumat
very many days being interposed ; 80 however, that he never take it
iterum, nisi conciderit. Autem mediis
a second time, unless he shall have fallen down. But on the intermediate
diebus ejûs vires erunt nutriendæ ; quibusdam, præter
days his strength will be to be supported ; certain things, besides
ea quæ scripta sunt supra, adjectis. Ubi experrectus est
those which have been written above, being added. When he has awoke
mane, ejûs corpus leniter permulceatur ex vetere oleo,
in the morning, his body should be gently anointed with old oil,
ventre cum capite excepto : tum utatur ambulatione
the belly with the head being excepted : then he should use walking
quâm maxime longâ et rectâ : post ambulationem,
as long as possible and straight (in a straight direction) : after walking,

Ubi tertio die cibus datus est, intermittere proposui, vitatis omnibus, quæ cavenda dixi,
quartum, et invicem alterum quemque, eadem nutriendus est. Si per hæc morbus finitus non
hora cibi servata,ubidonec quatuordecim dies fuerit, confugiendum erit ad album veratrum ;
transeant. Quos morbus excessit, acuti ac ter quoque aut quater eo utendum, non ita
vim deposuit : ac, si manet, curandus jam ut multis interpositis diebus ; sic tamen, ne ite
longus est. Quod si, non quo die primum id rum unquam sumat,ejusnisi conciderit. Mediis
incidit, medicus accessit, sed is, qui cadere autem diebus vires erunt nutriendæ ; qui
consuevit, ei traditus est ; protinus eo genere busdam, præter ea, quæ supra scripta sunt, ad
victus habito, qui supra comprehensus est, ex- jectis. Ubi mane experrectus est, corpus ejus
spectandus est dies, quo prolabatur ; utendum leniter ex oleo vetere, cum capite excepto ven
que
alvi,tum
vel vel veratro,missione,
sanguinis
nigro vel ductione
sicut præceptum est : tre, permulceatur : tum ambulatione quam
insequentibus deinde diebus, per eos cibos, quos maxime longa et recta utatur : post ambula
tionem loco tepido vehementer et diu, ac non
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 221

perfricetur vehementer tepido loco et diu, ac

he should be rubbed briskly in a warm place and for a long time, and
non minus ducenties, nisi erit infirmus ; deinde multa
not less than two hundred times, unless he shall be weak ; then much
frigida aqua perfundatur per caput ; assumat paulum
cold water should be poured upon the head; he should take a little
cibi ; conquiescat : rursus utatur ambulatione ante noctem :
food ; he should rest : again he should use walking before night:
vehementer perfricetur iterum, sic ut neque venter
he should be strongly rubbed a second time, 80 that neither his belly
neque caput contingatur ; post hæc cœnet ; que tribus aut
nor his head be touched ; after these he should sup ; and three 07
quatuor diebus interpositis, assumat acria uno aut
four days being interposed, he should take sharp things for one or
altero Si ne liberatus fuerit quidem per hæc,
two (days together.) If he should not have beenfreed even by these
radat caput: ungatur vetere oleo, aceto
(remedies), he should shave his head: he should be anointed with old oil, vinegar
et nitro adjecto ; perfundatur salsâ aquâ ; jejunus
and nitre being added ; he should be affused with salt water ; fasting
bibat castoreum ex aquâ ; utatur nullâ aquâ,
he should drink castor with water ; should use no water,
nisi decoctâ, causâ potionis. Quidam epoto calido
except boiled, for the sake of drink. Some having drank the hot
sanguine jugulati gladiatoris liberarunt se tali morbo ;
blood ofa slain gladiator havefreed themselves from such a disease ;
apud quos miserius malum fecit miserum auxilium tolerabile.
with whom the more miserable evil made a miserable remedy tolerable.
Vero quod pertinet ad medicum, • ultimum sc. auxilium est
But a8 pertains to the physician, the last remedy is
mittere paulum sanguinis ex utroque crure, juxta talum ; incidere
to draw a little blood from each leg, near the ancle ; to incise
occipitium, et admovere cucurbitulas ; adurere duobus locis
the occiput, and to apply the cupping-glasses ; to burn in two places
candenti ferro in occipitio, et quoque infra, qua summa
with a hot iron in the occiput, and also beneath, where the highest (first)
vertebra committitur cum capite, ut perniciosus humor
vertebra is articulated with the head, that the pernicious humour
evadat per ea (sc. loca). Quibus si malum non fuerit
may escape by them. By which (remedies) if the evil should not be
finitum, est prope ut sit perpetuum. Ad levandum
terminated, it is well nigh that it may be permanent. To lessen

minus ducenties, nisi infirmus erit, perfricetur : | Quidam jugulati gladiatoris calido sanguine
deinde per caput multa aqua frigida perfun- epoto tali morbo se liberarunt : apud quos mi
datur
rursus; ante
paulum cibi ambulatione
noctem assumat ; conquiescat
utatur : ite-: fecit.
serum Quod
auxilium tolerabilevero
ad medicum miserius
pertinet,malum
ulti
rum vehementer perfricetur, sic ut neque ven- mum est, juxta talum, ex utroque crure pau
ter, neque caput contingatur: post hæc cœnet ; lum sanguinis mittere ; occipitium incidere, et
interpositisque tribus aut quatuor diebus, uno cucurbitulas admovere ; ferro candenti in occi
aut altero acria assumat. Si ne per hæc qui- pitio quoque et infra, qua summa vertebra cum
dem fuerit liberatus, caput radat : ungatur capite committitur, adurere duobus locis, ut per
oleo vetere, adjecto aceto et nitro ; perfundatur ea perniciosus humor evadat. Quibus si fini
aqua salsa ; bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum ; tum malum non fuerit, prope est, ut perpetuum
nulla aqua, nisi decocta, potionis causa utatur. sit. Ad levandum id, tantummodo utendum
222 A. CORN. CELSI

id, tantummodo utendum erit multâ exercitatione, frictione, que iis

it, we shall only use much exercise, friction, and those
cibis qui comprehensi sunt supra ; que omnia præcipue
foods which have been comprehended above ; and allthings to be especially
vitanda, quæ excepimus ne fierent.
avoided, which we have determined should not be done.

CAP. XXIV.
CHAP. XXIV.

Regius Morbus.
Royal Disease (Jaundice) .

Morbus, quem interdum nominant arquatum,

The disease, which sometimes they name coloured as the rainbow,
interdum regium icterum spectat , ) is est æque notus. Quem
sometimes royal the jaundice, equally known. Which
Hippocrates ait, si supervenit post septimum diem, ægro
Hippocrates says, if it supervenes after the seventh day, thepatient
febricitante, esse tutum, præcordiis tantummodo substantibus
being sick ofafever, that it is safe, the præcordia only remaining
mollibus : Diocles, ex toto, si oritur (icterus) post febrem,
soft : Diocles, wholly, if it arises after fever,
etiam prodesse ; si febris supervenit post hunc
that it even benefits ; if thefever ( happens after it
sc. icterum eum occidere. Autem color detegit eum
thejaundice ) ( that it ) destroys. But the colour detects this
morbum, maxime oculorum, in quibus, quod debet esse album,
disease, especially ofthe eyes, in which, what ought to be white,
fit luteum. Que et sitis solet accedere, et dolor
becomes yellow . And both thirst is accustomed to succeed, and pain
capitis, et frequens singultus, et durities præcordiorum
ofthe head, and frequent hiccup, and hardness ofthe præcordia
dextrâ parte, et, ubi motus corporis est vehemens, difficultas
on the right side, and, when the motion ofthe body is violent, difficulty
spiritus, que resolutio membrorum : atque, ubi morbus
ofbreathing, and resolution of the limbs (paralysis) : and, when the disease
manet diutius, totum corpus inalbescit, cum quodam pallore.
continues longer, the whole body grows white, with a certain paleness.
Oportet ægrum abstinere primo die ; secundo ducere
It behooves that the patient abstain on the first day; on the second to clyster

erit exercitatione multa, frictione, cibisque febris, occidere. Color autem eum morbum
iis, qui supra comprehensi sunt : præcipueque detegit, maxime oculorum, in quibus, quod al
vitanda omnia, quæ ne fierent, excepimus. bum esse debet, fit luteum. Soletque accedere
et sitis, et dolor capitis, et frequens singultus,
CAP. XXIV,-MorbusRegius.-EQUE notus est et præcordiorum dextra parte durities, et, ubi
morbus, quem interdum arquatum, interdum corporis vehemens motus est, spiritus difficul
regium nominant. Quem Hippocrates ait, si tas, membrorumque resolutio : atque, ubi dia
post septimum diem febricitante ægro super tius manet morbus, totum corpus cum pallore
venit, tutum esse, mollibus tantummodo præ quodam inalbescit. Primo die abstinere ægrum
cordiis substantibus : Diocles, ex toto, si post oportet ; secundo ducere alvum : tum, si febris
febrem oritur, etiam prodesse; si post hunc est, eam victus genere discutere ; si non est,
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 223
alvum : tum si est febris, discutere eam genere victûs;
the belly: then if there is fever, to dispel it by the kind offood
si est non, dare scammoniam potui, vel albam
(by diet); if there is not, to give scammony for drink, or white
betam contritam cum aquâ, vel cum aquâ mulsâ, amaras nuces,
beet bruised with water, or with hydromel, bitter walnuts,
absinthium , anisum, sic ut pars hujûs sit minima.
wormwood, anise, 80 that the portion ofthe latter be the smallest.
Asclepiades cogebat bibere salsam aquam quoque, et quidem.
Asclepiades forced them to drink salt water also, and even
per biduum, causâ purgationis, iis quæ movent urinam
during two days, for the sake of purging, those things which promote the urine
rejectis. Quidam, superioribus omissis, dicunt se
being rejected. Some, the things above being omitted, say that they
consequi idem, per hæc et per eos cibos qui
effect the same (purpose), by the latter and by these foods which
extenuant. Utique ego præfero validiora, si est satis
extenuate . Certainly I prefer the stronger, if there is sufficiency
virium ; si parum , imbeciliora auxilia. Si fuit purgatio,
ofstrength; if not, the weaker remedies. If there has been purging,
oportet (sc. ægrum) primo triduo post eam, assumere cibum
it behooves for thefirst three days after it, to take food
modice ex mediâ materiâ, et bibere salsum Græcum
moderately of the middle sort, and to drink salt Greek
vinum, ut resolutio ventris maneat : tum
wine, that the resolution ofthe belly may continue: then
altero triduo validiores cibos, et quoque esse aliquid carnis,
forthe next three days stronger food, and also to eat some flesh,
que manere intra aquam : deinde reverti ad superius genus victûs,
and tokeep to water : then to return to theformer kind ofdiet,
cum eo ut magis satietur ; Græco vino omisso,
with this (proviso) that he be more satiated ; the Greek wine being omitted,
bibere integrum austerum sc. vinum atque ita variare
to drink pure (unmixed) rough (Sc.wine ; 5) and thus to change
per hæc, ut interdum quoque interponat acres cibos,
through these things, sothat sometimes also he interpose sharp foods,
interdum redeat ad salsum vinum. Vero per omne tempus
sometimes return to the salt wine. But during the whole time
utendum est exercitatione, frictione, si est hiems, balneo ; si
he must use exercise, friction, if it is winter, thebath ; if
æstas, frigidis natationibus : etiam cultiore lecto et conclavi,
summer, cold swimmings: also a neater bed and chamber,

scammoniam potui dare, vel cum aqua betam solutio ventris maneat : tumaltero triduo vali
albam contritam, vel cum aqua mulsa nuces diores cibos, et carnis quoque aliquid esse, in
amaras, absinthium, anisum, sic ut pars hujus traque aquam manere : deinde ad superius
minima sit. Asclepiades aquam quoque sal genus victus reverti, cum eo, ut magis satietur;
sam, et quidem per biduum, purgationis causa omisso Græco vino bibere integrum, austerum ;
bibere cogebat, iis, quæ urinam movent, re atque ita per hæc variare, ut interdum acres
jectis. Quidam, superioribus omissis, per hæc, quoque cibos interponat, interdum ad salsum
et per eos cibos, qui extenuant, idem se conse vinum redeat. Per omne vero tempus utendum
quí dicunt. Ego utique, si satis virium est, est exercitatione, frictione ; si hiems est, bal
validiora ; si parum, imbecilliora auxilia præ neo; si æstas,frigidis natationibus ; lecto etiam,
fero. Si purgatio fuit, post eam triduo primo et conclavi cultiore, lusn, joco, ludis, lascivia,
modice cibum oportet assumere ex media ma per quæ mens exhilaretur: ob quæ regius mor
teria, et vinum bibere Græcum salsum, ut re bus dictus videtur. Malagma quoque, quod
 224 A. CORN. CELSI
lusu, joco, ludis, lasciviâ, per quæ mens exhilaretur:
pastime, jests, sports, playfulness, by which things the mind is enlivened:
ob quæ videtur dictus regius morbus. Quoque malagma
on account of which it seems called the royal disease. Also aplaister
qnod digerat, datum super præcordia prodest ; vel arida
which can discuss, placed upon the præcordia benefits : or a dried
ficus imposita ibi, si jecur aut lienis est affectus.
fig applied there, if the liver or the spleen is affected.

CAP. XXV.
CHAP. XXV.
Elephantiasis.
Elephantiasis.
Autem is morbus quem Græci vocant ἑλεφαντίασιν (elephantiasin )
But that disease which the Greeks call (elephant's leg?)
(lepra ?) frequentissimus in quibusdam regionibus, est pene ignotus
veryfrequent in · certain countries, is almost unknown
in Italiâ ; que is adnumeratur longis (Sc. morbis : tɔtum
in Italy ; and it is reckoned among the chronic :) the whole
corpus afficitur, ita ut ossa quoque dicantur vitiari.
body is affected 80 that the bones also may be said to be diseased.
Summa pars corporis habet crebras maculas, que crebros tumores :
The surface ofthe body has frequent spots, and frequent tumours:
rubor earum convertitur paulatim in atrum colorem ; summa
the redness ofthem is turned gradually into a black colour ; the surface of
cutis inæqualiter crassa, tenuis, dura, que mollis, exasperatur
the skin unequally thick, thin, hard, and soft, is roughened
quasi quibusdam squamis ; corpus emacrescit, • OS, suræ,
as it were with certain scales ; the body emaciates, the mouth, the legs,
pedes, intumescunt : ubi morbus est vetus, digiti in manibus
the feet, -swell: when the disease is old, thefingers on the hands
que pedibus conduntur sub tumore, febricula
and feet (the fingers and toes) are hidden under the swelling, feverishness
oritur, quæ facile consumit hominemi obrutum tot malis.
arises, which easily destroys a person overwhelmed by so many evils.
Ergo, protinus inter initia sanguis debet mitti per
Therefore, immediately at the beginning blood ought to be let for
biduum, aut venter solvi nigro veratro : tum inedia,
two days, or the belly to be relaxed by black hellebore: then fasting,
• potest sustineri, est adhibenda ; deinde vires
quanta
as much as can be borne, is to be practised ; then the strength

digerat, super præcordia datum prodest ; vel earum paulatim in atrum colorem convertitur;
arida ibi ficus imposita, si jecur aut lienis summa cutis inæqualiter crassa, tenuis, dura,
affectus est. mollisque, quasi squamis quibusdam exaspera
tur; corpus emacrescit, os, suræ, pedes in
CAP. XXV. - Elephantiasis. - IGNOTUS antem tumescunt : ubi vetus morbus est, digiti in
pæne in Italia, frequentissimus in quibusdam manibus pedibusque sub tumore conduntur.
tot malis obrutum
regionibus is morbus est, quem parríaoir febricula oritur, quæ facile
Græci vocant ; isque longis adnumeratur. hominem consumit. Protinus ergo inter initia
Totum corpus afficitur ita, ut ossa quoque vi solvi : adhibenda tum,nigro
per biduum
sanguisventer mitti debet, aut ve
quanta
tiari dicantur. Summa pars corporis crebras ratro
maculas crebrosque tumores habet : rubor sustineri potest, inedia est : paulum deinde
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 225
reficiendæ paulum, alvus ducenda ; post hæc, ubi
to be recruited alittle, the belly to be clystered ; after these things, when
corpus levatum est, utendum est exercitatione, que præcipue
the body has been eased, he must use exercise, and especially
cursu : sudor evocandus primum labore
running: sweat (est) to be elicited at first by the labour ofcorporis the body
ipsiûs, deinde etiam siccis sudationibus : frictio est adhibenda que
itself, afterwards even by dry sweatings: friction i8 to be used : and
moderandum inter hæc ut vires conserventur. Balneum
we must manage between these that the strength may be preserved. The bath
debet esse rarum ; cibus sine pinguibus, sine glutinosis, sine
ought to be. rare ; the food without fat, without glutinous, without
inflantibus ; vinum , præterquam primis diebus, recte datur.
inflating (things) ; wine, except on the first days, is rightly given.
Plantago contrita et illita videtur tueri corpus optime.
Plantain bruised and spread over seems to defend the body best of all

CAP. XXVI.
CHAP. XXVI.
Attoniti.
Apoplectics.
Quoque raro videmus attonitos, quorum et corpus et
Also we seldom see astounded (persons) , ofwhom both the body and
mens stupet. Interdum fit ictu fulminis ;
the mind is senseless. Sometimes it is caused by the stroke ofa thunderbolt ;
interdum morbo : Græci appellant hunc (morbum) άжÓжληžiav
sometimes by disease : the Greeks call it apoplexy.
(apoplexian). Sanguis est mittendus his ; quoque utend albo
Blood is to be let from these ; also we mustuuse m
white
veratro, vel ductione alvi. Tum frictiones adhibendæ,
hellebore, or clystering ofthe bowels. Then frictions to be used, et
and
cibi ex mediâ materiâ, minime pingues ; quidam etiam
foods of the intermediate sort, by no means fat; some even
acres ; et abstinendum (sc. ægro) a vino.
sharp ; and he must abstain from wine.

vires reficiendæ, et ducenda alvus : post hæc, CAP. XXVI. Attonici. - ATTONITOS quoque
ubi corpus levatum est, utendum est exercita raro videmus, quorum et corpus et mens stupet.
tione, præcipueque cursu : sudor imum la Fit interdum ictu fulmini s, interdum morbo:
corporis, deinde etiam
hore ipsius evocandus siccis drowλntíav hune Græci appellant. His sanguis
sudationib us : frictio adhibenda : mittend est : veratro quoque albo, vel alvi
moderandumque inter hæc, ut vires conser
ventur. Balneum rarum esse debet; cibus sine ductioneusutendu m. Tum adhibe ndæ frictiones,
pinguibus, sine glutinosis, sine inflantibus : et ex media materia minime pingues cibi ;
vinum, præterquaplantago recte datur.
m primis diebus,illita quidam etiam acres ; et a vino abstinendum .
Corpus contrita
tueri videtur. et optime

L3
226 A. CORN. CELSI

CAP. XXVII.
CHAP. XXVII.

Resolutio Nervorum.
Relaxation ofthe Nerves and Tendons (Apoplexy-Paralysis).

1. At resolutio nervorum (apoplexia paralysis) est ubique frequens

But resolution of the nerves and tendons i8 every where a frequent
morbus : sed interdum infestat tota corpora, interdum partes.
disease : but sometimes it attacks the entire body, sometimes parts.
Veteres auctores nominaverunt illud ἀποπληξίαν (apoplexian ),
The ancient authors named theformer apoplexy,
hoc παράλυσινv (paralusin) ; video utrumque nunc appellari
the latter paralysis ; I see that both now are called
παράλυσιν (paralusin ). Autem qui vehementer resoluti sunt per
paralysis. But they who are violently palsied in
omnia membra solent rapi celeriter, ac si
all (their) limbs are accustomed to be carried off quickly, and if
non sunt correpti, vivunt quidem diutius ; sed tamen
they are not carried off, they live indeed for a long time; but nevertheless
raro perveniunt ad sanitatem, et plerumque trahunt
they seldom come to health, and generally they drag on
miserum spiritum , memoriâ quoque amisså. Vero est nunquam
a wretched existence, their memory also being lost. But it is never
acutus morbus in partibus, sæpe longus, fere sanabilis. Si omnia
an acute disease in parts, often chronic, mostly curable. If all the
membra sunt vehementer resoluta, detractio sanguinis vel occidit
limbs are violently palsied, letting of blood either kills
vel liberat : aliud genus curationis vix unquam restituit
or cures : another kind oftreatment scarcely ever restores
sanitatem, sæpe tantum differt mortem, interim infestat vitam.
health, it often only delays death, in the mean time wearies life.
Post missionem sanguinis si ' et motus et mens
After the letting ofblood if both (voluntary) motion and mind
non redit, nihil spei superest : si redit, sanitas
(consciousness) does not return, no hope remains : if it returns, health
quoque prospicit ur. At ubi pars resoluta est, vel sanguis est
also is in view. But when a part is palsied, either blood is
mittendus, vel alvus ducenda, pro vi
to be let, or the belly to be clystered, according (in proportion) to the strength

CAP. XXVII. Nervorum Resolutio. 1. AT partibus vero morbus

fere sanabilis nunquam est.acutus, sæpe membra
Si omnia longus,
resolutio
est : sed nervorum
interdum frequens ubiqueinterdum
tota corpora, morbus
partes infestat. Veteres auctores illud vehementer resoluta sunt, sanguinis detractio
vel occidit, vel liberat : aliud curationis ge
ἀποπληξίαν, hoc παράλυσιν nominaverunt: nunc nus vix unquam sanitatem restituit, sæpe
utrumque rapáλvoir appellari video. Solent au mortem tantum differt, vitam interim infestat.
tem, qui per omnia membra vehementer reso Post sanguinis missionem, si non redit et
luti sunt, celeriter rapi : ac si correpti non motus et mens, nihil spei superest ; si redit,
sunt, diutius quidem vivunt ; sed rarotamen ad sanitas quoque prospicitur. At ubi pars re
sanitatem perveniunt, et plerumque miserum soluta est, provi et malo corporis, vel sanguis
spiritum trahunt, memoria quoque amissa. In mittendus, vel alvus ducenda. Cetera eadem
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 227
et malo corporis. Cætera sunt facienda eadem in
and disease ofthe body. The other things are to be done the same in
utroque casu : siquidem præcipue convenit vitare frigus ; que
each case : forasmuch as it particularly suits to avoid cold , and
revertendum est paulatim ad exercitationes, sic ut ipse protinus
he must return gradually to exercises, 80 that he himself forthwith
ingrediatur, si potest. Si imbecillitas crurum prohibet id, vel
should walk, if he can. If weakness ofthe legs hinders that, either
gestetur, vel concutiatur motu lecti : tum id
he should be carried, or shaken by the motion ofthe bed: then that
membrum quod deficit, moveatur , si potest, per se ; sin
limb which fails, should be moved, if it can, by itself; but if
minus, per alium, et redeat ad suam consuetudinem
not, by another person, and it should return to its custom
quâdam vi. Etiam exasperasse summam
(former position) with some force. Also to have irritated the surface of
cutem torpentis membri prodest, vel cæsam urticis, vel
the skin ofthe paralysed limb benefits, either beaten with nettles, or
sinapi imposito, sic ut ubi corpus cœperit rubere,
mustard being applied, 80 that when the body shall have begun to grow red,
hæc removeantur. Quoque contrita scilla, que contriti bulbi
they be removed. Also bruised squills, and bruised bulbousroots
cum thure, recte imponuntur. Neque est alienum vellere
with frankincense, are properly applied. Nor is it improper to pull
cutem resinâ quoque tertio die diutius, etiam pluribus locis ;
theskin with resin every third day for a long time, even in many places ;
aliquando admovere cucurbitulas sine ferro. Vero vetus
sometimes to apply the cupping-glasses without the scarificator. But old
oleum est aptissimum unctioni, vel nitrum admixtum aceto
oil is most fitted for inunction, 01' natron mixed with vinegar
et oleo. Quinetiam est magnopere necessarium fovere calidâ
and oil. Moreover it is essentially necessary to foment with warm
marinâ aquâ, vel si ea est non, tamen salsâ (sc. aquâ.
sea water, or if that is not (at hand), yet with salt (sc water.
Ac si loco quo sunt vel naturales vel manufactæ
And if in a place in which there are either natural or artificial
natationes, utendum iis potissimum ; que membra præcipue
swimming baths, he ought to use them chiefly; and the limbs especially
quæ deficiunt, agitanda in his : si id non est
which fail, oughtto be moved in these : if that is not (at hand)
tamen balneum prodest. Cibus debet esse ex mediâ
still the bath benefits. The food ought to be (to consist) of the intermediate

in utroque casu facienda sunt : siquidem vi nuntur. Neque alienum est, resina cutem
tare præcipue convenit frigus ; paulatimque tertio quoque die diutius vellere, pluribus
ad exercitationes revertendum est, sic, ut in etiam locis
admovere. ; Unctioni
aliquandovero ferro cucurbitulas
sineaptissimum est ve
grediatur ipseprohibet,
protinus, si potest : si id crurum
Imbecillitas
lecti concutiatur : tum velidgestetur,
membrum, vel motu
quod tus oleum, vel nitrum aceto et oleo admixtum.
Quin etiam fovere aqua calida marina, vel, si
deficit, si potest, per se ; sin minus, per alium ea non est, tamen salsa, magnopere necessa
moveatur, et vi quadam ad consuetudinem rium est. Ac si quo loco vel naturales, vel
suam redeat. Prodest etiam torpentis membri etiam manu facta tales natationes sunt, iis
summam cutem exasperasse, vel urticis cæsam, potissimum utendum est ; præcipueque in :his
vel imposito sinapi, sic ut, ubi rubere cœperit agitanda membra, quæ maxime deficiunt si
corpus, hæc removeantur. Scilla quoque con id non est, balneum tamen prodest. Cibus
trita, bulbique contriti cum thure recte impo esse debet ex media materia, maximeque ex
228 A. CORN . CELSI

materiâ, que maxime, ex venatione ; potio calidæ aquæ

sort, and for the most part, of game ; the drink of warm water
sine vino : si tamen morbus est vetus, salsum Græcum
without wine: if however the disease is old, salt Greek
vinum potest interponi quarto vel quinto die causâ
wine may be interposed on the fourth or fifth day for the sake
purgationis. Vomitus post cœnam est utilis.
ofa purge. Vomiting after dinner is serviceable.
2. Vero interdum dolor nervorum etiam solet oriri. In
But sometimes pain ofthe nerves also is accustomed to arise. In
hoc casu expedit non vomere, non movere urinam
this case it is expedient not to vomit, not to excite urine
medicamentis, non sudorem exercitatione, ut quidam præcipiunt . Water Aqua
by medicines, nor sweat by exercise, as some direct.
est bibenda bis die : corpus est perfricandum leniter in lectulo,
is to be drank twice a day: the body is to be rubbed gently in bed,
satis diu, spiritu deinde retento : in
atolerably long time, the breath being afterwards kept in : during
exercitatione ipsâ superiores partes potius movendæ :
the exercise itself the upper parts in preference are to be moved :
utendum balneo raro : mutandum cœlum subinde,
he must use the bath but seldom : he must change the climate occasionally ,
peregrinationibus. Si est dolor, ea pars ipsa sine oleo, est
by travelling. If there is pain, that part itself without oil, is
perungenda nitro ex aquâ, deind e involvenda, que
to be anointed with natron from water, then to be wrapped up, and
lenis pruna et sulphur subjicienda, atque ita id est
a warmish coal and sulphur to be put under it, and 80 it is
suffumigandum : que id faciendum aliquamdiu, sed jejuno, cum
to befumigated : and that (is) to be done for some time, but while fasting, when
jam bene concoxerit. Cucurbitulæ quoque sunt
already he (shall) have well digested. Cupping-glasses also are
admovendæ sæpe dolenti parti, que is locus est pulsandus
to be frequently applied to the painful part, and that place is to be beaten
leniter inflatis bubulis vesicis. Est. etiam utile miscere
gently with inflated Ox bladders. It is also serviceable to mix
sevum cum contritis seminibus hyoscyami et urticæ, sic ut
suet with the bruised seeds ofhenbane and nettles, 80 that
sit par modus omnium, que imponere id ; fovere
there may be an equal measure of each, and to apply that ; to foment
aquâ in quâ sulphur decoctum sit. Utriculi quoque repleti
with water in which sulphur has been boiled. Small bottles also filled

venatione; potio, sine vino, aquæ calidæ: si cœlum. Si dolor est, ea ipsa pars sine oleo,
tamen vetus morbus est, interpoui quarto vel nitro ex aqua perungenda est ; deinde invol
quinto die purgationis causa vinum Græcum venda, et subjicienda pruna lenis, et sulphur,
salsum potest. Post cœnam utilis vomitus est. atque ita id suffumigandum : idque aliquamdiu
2. Interdum vero etiam nervorum dolor oriri faciendum, sed jejuno, cum bene jam con
solet. In hoc casu non vomere, non medica coxerit. Cucurbitulæ quoque sæpe dolenti
mentis urinam movere, non exercitatione Bi-su parti admovendæ sunt, pulsandusqueUtile leniter
est
dorem, ut quidam præcipiunt, expedit. inflatis vesicis bubulis is locus est.
benda aqua est bis die: in lectulo leniter etiam sevum miscere cumuthyoscyami et urticæ
satis diu corpus perfricandum est, deinde re contritis seminibus, sic, omnium par modus
tento spiritu : ab ipsa exercitatione potius sit, idque imponere : fovere aqua, in qua sul
superiores partes movenda : balueo raro uten phur decoctum sit. Utriculi quoque recte im
dum : mutandum subinde peregrinationibus ponuntur aqua calida repleti, aut bitumen cum
 MEDICINE LIB. III. 229
aquâ calidâ recte imponuntur, aut bitumen mixtum cum
with warm water are properly applied, or mineral pitch mixed with
hordeaceâ farina. Atque potissimum utendum est vehementi gestatione
barley meal. And especially we must practise violent gestation
in dolore ipso: quod aliis doloribus est pessimum.
during thepain itself: which in other pains is the very worst thing.
3. Autem tremor nervorum intenditur æque vomitu que
But tremor ofthe nerves is increased equally by vomiting and
medicamentis moventibus urinam . Etiam habet balnea inimica, que
by medicines exciting the urine. Also it has baths injurious, and
assas sudationes. Aqua est bibenda : utendum acri ambulatione ;
dry sweatings. Water is to be drank : he must use quick walking;
item unctionibus que frictionibus, maxime per se ipsum : superiores
likewise inunctions and frictions, mostly by himself: the upper
partes dimovendæ pilâ que similibus : utendum
parts ought to be exercised by the ball and similar things : he must use
quolibet cibo dummodo studeatur (impers. pon.) utique concoctioni :
any food provided that regard be paid especially to digestion :
secundum cibum abstinendum curis ; utendum est venere rarissimâ .
next after food he must refrain from care ; he must use venery very seldom.
Si quando quis prolapsus est in eam, tum debet perfricari
If at any time a person has resorted to it, then he ought to be rubbed
leniter que diu oleo in lectulo, puerilibus manibus potius
gently and fora long time with oil in bed, with boys' hands rather
quam viril . ibus
than men's.
4. Autem ubi suppurationes quæ oriuntur in aliquâ interiore
But when the suppurations which arise in some interior
parte, fuerint notæ, primum oportet agere id per ea
part, shall (have been) be known, first it behooves to treat that by those
cataplasmata quæ reprimunt, inutilis coitus materiæ
cataplasms which repel, that an injurious collection of matter
ne fiat ; deinde, si hæc victa sunt ; ut dissipetur
do not take place ; then, if these have been overcome ; that it may bedissipated
per ea malagmata quæ digerunt. Quod si non consecuti sumus
by those plaisters which disperse. Which if we have not effected
sc. propositum sequitur ut evocetur : deinde ut
our purpose/ itfollows that it be called forth : afterwards that
maturescat. Tum finis omnis vomicæ est, ut rumpatur : que
it maturate. Then the end of every vomica is, that it be broken : and
indicium est, pus redditum vel alvo vel ore. Sed
the sign is, pus discharged either by the belly or the mouth . But

hordeacea farina mixtum. Atque in ipso po rarissima venere utendum est. Si quando quis
tissimum dolore, utendum gestatione vehe in eam prolapsus est, tum oleo leniter diuque
menti
est. est : quod in aliis doloribus pessimum in
quamlectulo perfricari
virilibus, debet.manibus puerilibus potius,
3. Tremor autem nervorum æque vomitu 4. Suppurationes autem, quæ in aliqua inte
medicamen tisque urinam moventibus intendi
tur. Inimica riori parte oriuntur, ubi notæ fuerint, primum
etiam habet balnea, assasque id agere oportet per ea cataplasmata, quæ re
sudationes. Bibenda aquaest : acri ambulatione primunt, ne coitus inutilis materiæ fiat; de
utendum ; item uuctionibus, frictionibusque, inde, si hæc victa sunt, per ea malagmata,
maxime per se ipsum : pila, similibusque su quæ digerunt, ut dissipetur. Quod si consecuti
periores partes dimovenda : cibo quolibet non sumus, sequitur, ut evocetur : deinde, ut
utendum, dummodo concoctioni utique stu maturescat. Omnis tum vomicæ finis est, ut
deatur secundum cibum, curis abstinendum ; rumpatur : indiciumque est, pus vel alvo vel
230 A. CORN. CELSI

oportet facere nihil quo minus (sc. puris) excedat quam quidquid
it behooves to do nothing that less escape than whatever
sit puris. Que utendum est maxime sorbitionibus et
there be ofpus. And we must use forthe mostpart gruels and
calida aquâ. Ubi pus desiit ferri transeundum quidem
warm water. When pus has ceased to be discharged he must pass indeed
ad faciles, sed tamen validiores et frigidos cibos, que frigidam aquam,
to easy, but yet stronger and cold foods, and cold water,
sic ut tamen initium fiat ab egilidis. Que
So that nevertheless the beginning may be made with lukewarm. And
primo quædam edenda cum melle, ut pinei nuclei, vel
atfirst some (things) (are)to be eaten with honey, as pine nuts, or 1
Græeæ nuces, vel avellana : postea id ipsum submovendum, quo
almonds, or filberts : afterwards that itself is to be removed, that
cicatrix possit induci maturius. Eo tempore medicamentum
a cicatrix may be induced sooner. At this stage the medicine
ulceri est, succus vel porri vel marrubii assumtus,
for the ulcer is, the juice either ofleek or of horehound taken (internally),
et porrum ipsum adjectum omni cibo. Autem oportebit
and leek itself added to every kind of food. But it will behoove
uti frictionibus in his partibus quæ non afficiuntur ; item
to use frictions in those parts which are not affected ; also
lenibus ambulationibus : que vitandum erit sanescentia ulcera
gentle walkings : and he will have to take care that the healing ulcers
ne exasperentur vel luctando, yel currendo , vel aliâ
be not irritated either by wrestling, or by running, or by any
ratione ; enim in hoc morbo vomitus sanguinis est perniciosus,
othermeans ; for in this disease vomiting ofblood is pernicious,
que ideo cavendus omni modo.
and therefore to be guarded against in every manner.

ore redditum. Sed nihil facere oportet, quo mentum eo tempore ulceri est, succus assumtus
minus, quidquid est puris, excedat. Utendum vel porri vel marrubii, et omni cibo porrum
maxime sorbitionibus est, et aqua calida. Ubi ipsum adjectum. Oportebit autem uti in iis
pus ferri desiit, transeundum ad faciles qui partibus, quæ non afficiuntur, frictionibus ;
dem, sed tamen validiores et frigidos cibos, item ambulationibus lenibus: vitandumque
initium fiat. aquam,
frigidamque sic utcum
Primoque egelidisquædam
ab melle tamen erit, ne vel luctando, vel currendo, vel alia ra
tione sanescentia ulcera exasperentur. In hoc
edenda, ut nuclei pinei, vel Græcæ nuces, vel enim morbo perniciosus, ideoque omni modo
Avellauæ postea submovendum id ipsum, cavendus sanguinis vomitus est.
quo maturius induci cicatrix possit. Medica
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 231

LIBER QUARTUS.
BOOK THE FOURTH.

CURATIO MORBORUM PARTIUM.

CURE OF THE DISEASES OF PARTS.

CAP. I.
CHAP. I.
Interiores Sedes Corporis.
Internal Situations of the Body.
Hactenus ea genera morborum reperiuntur, quæ sunt ita in
Hitherto those kinds of diseases arefound, which are 80 in (80
totis corporibus, ut certæ sedes possint non assignari
occupy) the entire body, that certain seats cannot be assigned
iis (sc. morbis) : nunc dicam de iis (generibus) quæ
to them : now I shall speak concerning those which
sunt in partibus. Autem morbi que curationes omnium interiorum
are in parts. But the diseases and cures ofall the internal ones
venient facilius in notitiam , si
will come more easily into knowledge (will be more easily understood), if
prius ostendero breviter sedes eorum. Igitur caput,
first I shall shew (describe) briefly the seats ofthem. Therefore the head,
que ea quæ sunt in ore, terminantur non tantummodo
and those things which are in the mouth, are bounded not only
linguâ que palato ; sed etiam quatenus sunt exposita
by the tongue and palate; but also sofar as (by whatever) are exposed
nostris oculis. Grandes venæ, quæ nominantur σφαγίτιδες
to our eyes. Large veins, which are named jugulars,
(sphagitides), circa guttur, in dextrâ que sinistra ; que
(sunt) about the throat, on the right and left; and
item arteriæ, quas vocant καρωτίδας (karotidas), procedentes
likewise arteries, which they cal carotids, proceeding

LIBER QUARTUS.-Morborum Partium Curatio. si prius eorumsedes breviter ostendero. Caput

igitur, eaque, quæ in ore sunt, non lingua tan
CAP. I.-Interiores Corporis Sedes.- HACTENUS tummodo palatoque terminantur ; sed etiam,
reperiuntur ea genera morborum, quæ in totis quatenus oculis nostris exposita sunt. In dex
corporibus ita sunt, ut iis certa sedes assig tra sinistraque circa guttur venæ grandes, quæ
nari non possint : nunc de iis dicam, quæ sunt payirides nominantur ; itemque arteriæ, quas
in partibus. Facilius autem omnium interio kaparidas vocant, sursum procedentes ultra aures
rum morbi curationesque in notitiam venient, feruntur. At in ipsis cervicibus glandulæ positae
 232 A. CORN. CELSI .
sursum , feruntur ultra aures. At glandulæ sunt positæ in
upwards, are borne beyond the ears. But small glands are placed in
cervicibus ipsis, quæ (glandulæ) interdum intumescunt cum dolore.
the neck itself, which sometimes swell • with pain.
Deinde duo itinera incipiunt : nominant alterum (iter) asperam
Then two passages commence : they name the one the aspera
arteriam ; alterum stomachum. Arteria quæ est
arteria (rough artery) ; the other the gullet (œsophagus). The artery which is,
exterior fertur ad pulmonem ; stomachus interior ad
more external is borne to the lungs ; the œsophagus more internal to
ventriculum : illa recipit spiritum , hic cibum. Quibus
the stomach : the former receives (admits) the air, the latter the food. To which
cum sint diversæ viæ, quæ coëunt, est exigua lingua
since there are different ways, which meet, there is a small tongue
in arteriâ, sub faucibus ipsis : quæ, cum
(epiglottis) in the windpipe, under the fauces themselves : which, when
spiramus, attollitur ; cum assumimus cibum que potionem, claudit
we breathe, is raised up; when we take food and drink, shuts up
arteriam . Autem arteria ipsa, dura et cartilaginosa ,
(closes) the artery. But the artery itself, hard and cartilaginous ,
assurgit in gutture ; ceteris partibus residit.
rises up (is prominent) in the throat; in other parts it sits back.
Constat ex quibusdam circulis, compositis ad imaginem
It consists of certain circles (rings), composed (formed) to the image
earum vertebrarum, quæ sunt in spinâ : ita tamen,
(likeness) ofthose vertebra , which are in the spine : 80 however,
ut sit aspera ex exteriore parte ; lævis ex interiore , modo
that it is rough on the outer side ; smooth on the inner, after the manner
stomachi: que ea (sc. arteria), descendens ad præcordia,
ofthe windpipe : and it, descending to the præcordia,
committitur cum pulmone. Is (pulmo) spongiosus, que ideo
is connected with thelungs. It spongy, and therefore
capax spiritûs, et junctus spinæ ipsi a tergo,
capacious ofair, and joined (connected with) to the spine itself from the back
dividitur in duas fibras, modo ungulæ
(behind), is divided into two (clefts) lobes, in the form ofthe hoof
bubulæ. Huic cor est annexum , musculosum naturâ, situm
of an ox. Toit the heart is connected, muscular by nature, placed
in pectore sub sinistra mammâ ; que habet quasi duos ventriculos.
in the chest under the left breast ; and has as it were two ventricles.
At sub corde atque pulmone, est transversum septum, ex
But under the heart and lungs, is a transverse septum, of

sunt, quæ interdum cum dolore intumescunt. | compositis ad imaginem earum vertebrarum,
Deinde duo itinera incipiunt : alterum, aspe- quæ in spina sunt : ita tamen, ut ex parte ex
ram arteriam nominant ; alterum, stomachum. teriore aspera ; ex interiore, stomachi modo
Arteria exterior ad pulmonem ; stomachus in- lævis sit : eaque descendens ad præcordia cum
terior ad ventriculum fertur : illa spiritum, pulmoue committitur. Is spongiosus, ideoque
hic cibum recipit. Quibus cum diversæ viæ spiritus capax, et a tergo spinæ ipsi junctus,
sint, quæ coëunt, exigua in arteria sub ipsis in duas fibras, ungulæ bubulæ modo, dividitur.
faucibus lingua est : quæ, cum spiramus, attol- Huic cor annexum est, natura musculosum, in
litur; cum cibum potionemque assumimus, ar- pectore sub sinisteriore mamma situm ; duos
teriam claudit. Ipsa autem arteria, dura et que quasi ventriculos habet. At sub corde
cartilaginosa, in gutture assurgit ; quibusdam,
ceteris par- atque pulmone, transversumpræcordiis
ex valida mem
tibus residit. Constat ex circulis brana septum est, quod a uterum
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 233

validâ membranâ, quod diducit uterum a præcordiis

strong membrane , which separates the belly (abdomen) from the præcordia
id (sc. septum ) nerv osum , multis
thorace;) . que
prothorax; and that (being) nervous (tendinous), with many
venis etiam discurrentibus per id, discernit, non solum
vessels also running over through (traversing) it, separates, not only
intestina, sed jecur que lienem quoque, a superiore parte.
the intestines, but the liver and spleen also, from the superior part.
Hæc viscera (sc. jecur et lienis) posita proxime, sed tamen
The latter viscera placed next , but notwithstanding
infra, sunt dextrâ que sinistra (parte). Jecur orsum a
below it, are onthe right and left side. The liver (having) arisen on
dextrâ parte sub præcordiis ab septo ipso, est cavum
the right side under the præcordia from the septum itself, is hollow
intrinsecus,' gibbum extrinsecus : quod prominens,
(concave) on the inside, gibbous (convex) on the outside: which prominent,
leviter insidet ventriculo, et dividitur in quatuor fibras. Vero
lightly sits upon the stomach, and is divided into four lobes. But
fel inhæret ei ex inferiore parte. At lienis
thegall (bladder) sticks to it from (at) the under part. But the spleen
sinistrâ est non innexus • eidem septo, sed
on the left is not joined to (connected with) the same septum, but
intestino, naturâ mollis et rarus, modica
to an intestine, by nature soft and rare (loose in texture), ofa moderate
longitudinis que crassitudinis ; que is excedens paulum a regione
length and thickness ; and it going out a little from the region
costarum in uterum , conditur ex magna parte sub
ofthe ribs into the abdomen , is hid (covered) in a great measure under
his (costis). Atque hæc quidem sunt juncta. Vero renes (sunt)
these. And these indeed are joined. But the kidneys are
diversi, qui inhærent lumbis sub imis costis, rotundi
divided (apart), which adhere to the loins under the lowest ribs, round
a parte earum (sc. costarum), ab alterâ resimi ; qui et
on the side of them, on the other crooked upward ; which both
sunt venosi et habent ventriculos (pelves), et conteguntur
are venous (vascular) and have ventricles, and are covered
super tunicis.
over with coats.
Ac hæ quidem sunt sedes viscerum. Vero stomachus,
And these indeed are the seats ofthe viscera. But the oesophagus,
qui est principium intestinorum , incipit nervosus a
which is the beginning ofthe intestines, commences nervous (tendinous) from

diducit ; idque nervosum, multis etiam venis tura mollis et rarus, longitudinis crassitudi
per id discurrentibus, a superiore parte, non nisque modicæ ; isque paulum a costarum re
solum intestina,
discernit. Hæc sed jecurproxime,
viscera quoque lienemque
sed infra gione in uterum excedens, ex maxima parte
sub his conditur. Atque hæc quidem juncta
tamen posita, dextra sinistraque sunt. Jecur sunt. Renes vero diversi ; qui lumbis sub imis
a dextra parte sub præcordiis ab ipso septo costis inhærent, a parte earum rotundi, ab al
orsum, intrinsecus cavum, extrinsecus gibbum tera resimi ; qui et venosi sunt, et ventriculos
est: quod prominens leviter ventriculo insidet, habent, et tunicis super conteguntur.
et in quatuor fibras dividitur. Ex inferiore Ac viscerum quidem hæ sedes sunt. Stoma
vero parte septo,
non eidem ei fel inhæret. At innexus
sed intestino lienis sinistra,
est, na chus vero, qui intestinorum principium est,
nervosus a septima spinæ vertebra incipit;
 234 A. CORN. CELSI

septima vertebra spinæ ; committitur cum ventriculo circa

the seventh vertebra ofthe spine; is connected with the stomach about
præcordia. Autem ventriculus, qui est receptaculum cibi,
thepræcordia. But the stomach, which is the receptacle ofthefood,
constat ex duobus tergoribus que is est positus inter
consists of two backs (surfaces) and it is placed (situated) between
lienem et jecur, utroque ex his ingrediente paulum super eum.
the spleen and liver, each of these going a little upon it.
Que sunt etiam tenues membranulæ, per quas ista tria
And there are also fine little membranes, by which those three
connectuntur inter se, que junguntur ei septo,
are connected among themselves (together), and are joined to that septum,
quod posui supra esse transversum . Inde ima pars
which I have stated above was transverse. Thence the bottom part
ventriculi conversa paulum in dexteriorem partem, coarctatur • in
ofthe stomach turned a little (more) on the right side, is narrowed into
summum intestinum. Græci vocant hanc juncturam πυλωρὸν
thefirst intestine. The Greeks call this joining (connexion) pylorus,
(puloron), quoniam modo portæ emittit
because in the manner of a gate (like a gate) it sends out
ea, quæ sumus excreturi. Jejunum intestinum,
these things, which we are (about) to excrete (void). The empty intestine,
non ita implicitum, incipit ab eâ (sc. juncturâ) : cui est
not 80 (much) enfolded, begins from it: (to) which has
tale vocabulum, quia nunquam continet quod
(pro habe
there ist) such a name, because it never retains what
accipit; sed protinus transmittit in inferiores partes.
it receives; but immediately transmits (id) into the inferior parts.
Inde tenuius intestinam est, vehementer implicitum in
Thence the smaller intestine is (arises), very much enfolded into
sinus: vero singuli orbes connectuntur per
sinuses : but the single rings (each of the convolutions) are connected by
membranulas cum interioribus (sc. orbibus) ; qui conversi in
small membranes with the more internal ones; which turned (more) toward
dextriorem partem, et finiti e regione dexterioris coxæ, tamen
the right side, and terminated at the region of the right hip, still
complent magis superiores partes. Deinde id intestinum
fill up more (perfectly) the upper parts. Then that intestine
committitur cum altero crassiore transverso, quod incipiens a
is connected with another thicker transverse one, which beginning on
dextrâ parte, est pervium et longum in sinisteriorem, est non in
the right side, i8 pervious and long on the left, it is not (30) on

circa præcordia cum ventriculo committitur. | sumus, emittit. Ab ea jejunum intestinum

Ventriculus autem, qui receptaculum cibi est, incipit, non ita implicitum : cui tale vo
constat ex duobus tergoribus ; isque inter lie cabulum est, quia nunquam, quod accipit,
supereteum
nem jecuringrediente.
positus est, utroque
Suntqueexetiam
his paulum
mem continet ; sedInde
transmittit. protinus
tenuiusinintestinum
inferiores est,
partes
in
branulæ tenues, per quas inter se tria istacon sinus vehementer implicitum: orbes vero ejus
nectuntur, jungunturque ei septo, quod trans per membranulas singuli cum interioribus
versum esse, supra posui. Inde ima ventriculi connectuntur ; qui in dexteriorem partem con
parssummum
in paulum inintestinum
dexterioremcoarctatur.
partem conversa, versi, et e regione dexterioris coxæ finiti, su
Hanc periores tamen partes magis complent. Deinde
juncturam vλwpòv Græci vocant, quoniam porte id intestinum cum crassiore altero transverso
modo in inferiores partes ea, quae excreturi committitur, quod a dextra parte incipiens, in
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 235
dexteriorem ; que ideo nominatur cæcum. At id, quod est
the right; and therefore is named cæcum (blind gut). But that, which is
pervium, fusum late,
pervious, spread out widely (of large compass), atque sinuatum, que
and sinuated , and minus less
nervosum quam superiora intestina, volutum huc atque illuc
nervous than theformer int,stines, rolled hither and thither
ab utrâque parte, tamen tenens sinisteriores que inferiores partes
on either side, yet occupying the left and lower parts
magis, contingit jecur atque ventriculum : deinde jungitur
more, touches the liver and stomach : afterwards it isjoined
cum quibusdam membranulis venientibus a sinistro rene ;
with some small membranes coming from the left kidney ;
atque hinc recurvatum dextrâ, in imo,
and hence bent backwards on the right, itdirigitur is directed to the bottom
quâ excernit ; que id ideo, nominatur
(downwards), where it excretes ; and it in consequence, is named
ibi rectum intestinum . Vero omentum, læve et strictum
there the straight intestine. But the omentum, smooth and tightened
ex inferiore parte, ex superiore mollius, contegit universa
(contracted) at the lower part, at the upper softer, covers all
hæc, cui adeps quoque innascitur ; quæ, sicut cerebrum et
these, to which fat also grows ; which, like as the brain and
medulla quoque, caret sensu. At singulæ venæ, albæ
marrow also, wants sensibility. But single vessels, white
colore, feruntur a renibus ad vesicam ; Græci
in colour, are borne (sent off) from the kidneys to the bladder; the Greeks
vocant quod concipiunt urinam descendentem
call them οὐρητῆρ ureters,
ας,
because they conceive that the urine descending
inde (sc. renibus) destillare per eas in vesicam . Autem
from thence drops through them into the bladder. But
vesica in sinu ipso nervosa et duplex, cervice plena
the bladder in the sinus itself nervous and double, in the neck full
atque carnosa, jungitur per venas cum intestino, que eo osse,
and fleshy, isjoined by veins with the intestine, and that bone,
quod subest pubi : ipsa (sc. vesica) est soluta atque liberior ;
which is under the pubes: itself i8 loose and freer;
posita aliter in viris atque in feminis. Nam in viris est
(is) placed differently in men and in women. For in men it is
juxta rectum (sc. intestinum ), inclinata potius in sinistram partem ; in
near the straight gut, inclined rather to the left side ; in
feminis est posita super genitale (non adjectivum) , sed substantivum est
women it is placed above the genital organ

sinisteriorem pervium et longum est, in dex superiore mollius ; cui adeps quoque innasci
teriorem non est ; ideoque cæcum nominatur. tur; quæ sensu,Atsicut cerebrumsingulæ
quoque etvenæ,
me
At id, quod pervium est, late fusum atque si dulla, caret. a renibus
nuatum, minusque quam superiora intestina colore albæ, ad vesicam feruntur: opπrūpas
nervosum, ab utraque parte hue atque illuc Græci vocant, quod per eas inde descendentem
urinam in vesicam destillare concipiunt. Vesica
volutum, magis tamen sinisteriores inferiores
que partes tenens, contingit jecur atque ven autem in ipso sinu nervosa et duplex, cervice
triculum : deinde cum quibusdam membranulis plena atque carnosa, jungitur per venas cum
a sinistro
dextrarene venientibusimo
jungitur;
dirigitur,atque intestino, eoque osse,estquod pubiinsubest
hinc recurvatum in qua soluta atque liberior : alíter viris :atque
ipsa
excernit ; ideoque id ibi rectum intestinum in feminis posita. Nam in viris juxta rectum
nominatur. Contegit vero universa hæc omen intestinum est, potius in sinistram partem in
tum, ex inferiore parte læve et strictum, ex clinata; in feminis super genitale earum sita
236 A. CORN. CELSI
"genitale") earum, que lapsa supra sustinetur ab vulvâ ipsà.
ofthem, and having fullen upon is supported by the womb itself.
Tum iter urinæ spatiosius et compressius in
Then the passage (of) for the urine more spacious (lengthy) and straitened in
masculis, descendit a cervice hujûs (vesica) ad colem ; brevius et
males, descends from the neck of this to the yard (penis); shorter and
plenius in feminis, ostendit se super cervicem vulvæ. Autem
wider in women, shews itself above the neck of the womb. But
vulva in viginibus est quidem admodum exigua ; vero in
the womb in virgins is · indeed very small ; but in
mulieribus, nisi ubi sunt gravidæ, non multo major quam
women, unless when they are pregnant, not much larger than
ut comprehendatur manu. Ea (vulva) orsa contra
that it may be grasped in the hand. It having arisen opposite
medium alvum, rectâ que tenuatâ cervice, quem
the middle (ofthe) belly, with a straight and diminished (small) neck, which
vocant canalem, convertitur inde paulum ad dexteriarem
theycall canal (vagina), is turned from thence a little towards the right
coxam ; deinde, progressa super rectum intestinum , innectit
hip ; afterwards, having advanced above the straight intestine, connects
sua latera iliis feminæ. Autem ilia ipsa sunt posita
its sides to the ilia of the woman. But the ilia themselves are placed
inter coxas et pubem imo ventre. A
between the hips and pubes in the lowest (bottom ofthe) belly. From
quibus, ac pube, abdomen pervenit versus sursum
which, and the pubes, the abdomen comes up (reaches) towards the upwards
ad præcordia ; inclusum ab exteriore parte cute
(asfar as) to the præcordia ; inclosed on the more external part by the skin
evidenti ; ab interiore levi membranâ, quæ
(which is) evident ; on the inner side by a thin membrane, which
jungitur omento ; autem nominatur a Græcis περιτόναιος
isjoined to the omentum ; but it is named by the Greeks peritonæum
(peritonaios).

CAP. II.
CHAP. II.
Curatio Morborum natorum Capite.
The Cure of Diseases that have arisen in the Head.
1. His adductis veluti in quendam conspectum,
These things being brought as it were into a certain view ,

est, supraque lapsa, ab ipsa vulva sustinetur. tum intestinum_progressa, iliis feminæ latera
Tum in masculis iter urinæ spatiosius et com sua innectit. Ipsa autem ilia inter coxas et
pressius a cervice hujus descendit ad colem ; in pubem imo ventre posita sunt. A quibus ac
feminis brevius et plenius, super vulvæ cervi pube abdomen sursum versus ad præcordia
cem se ostendit. Vulva autem in virginibus pervenit ; ab exteriore parte, evidenti cute ;
quidem admodum exigua est ; in mulieribus ab interiore levi membrana inclusum, quæ
vero, nisi ubi gravidæ sunt, non multo major, omento jungitur; Tapiróvatos autem a Græcis
quam ut manu comprehendatur. Ea, recta nominatur.
tenuataque cervice,
tra mediam alvum quem canalem vocant,
orsa, inde paulum ad con
dex- CAP. II.-Morborum Capite natorum Curatio.
teriorem coxam convertitur ; deinde super rec- 1. His veluti in conspectum quendam, quatenus
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 237

quatenus est necessarium curanti scire,

so far as is necessary for the person curing (physician) to know,
exsequar remedia singularum partium laborantium,
I shall trace out theremedies (of) for the particular parts suffering,
orsus a capite : sub quo nomine nunc sigrifico
having begun (beginning) with the head: under which name I now signify
eam partem, quæ tegitur capillo: Dam dolor oculorum, aurium ,
that part, which is covered with hair: for pain ofthe eyes, ofthe ears,
dentium , et si est quis similis, erit explicandus alias.
of theteeth, and if there is any similar (such like) , will be to be explained elsewhere
Autem interdum est acutus et pestifer morbus, in capite quam
But sometimes there is an acute and destructive disease, in the head which
(hic " Kɛpaλaíav" relativo " quam" esse antecedentem notundum est) Græci
the Greeks
vocant κεφαλαίαν (kephalaion ) : thenotæ cujûs sunt, validus horror,
call cephalæa marks of which are, strong shivering
resolutio nervorum , caligo oculorum , alienatio mentis, vomitus,
relaxation of the tendons, dimness ofthe eyes, alienation of mind, vomiting,
sic, ut VOX supprimatur; vel cursus sanguinis ex naribus,
80, that the voice is suppressed; or aflow ofblood from the nostrils
sic, ut corpus frigescat, anima deficiat : præter hæc,
80, that the body becomes cold, the life fails (fainting) : besides these,
intolerabilis dolor, maxime circa tempora, vel occipitium. Autem
an intolerable pain, especially about the temples, or the occiput. But
interdum est longa imbecillitas in capite, per ætatem
sometimes there is a long weakness in the head, for (during) the whole life
hominis: sed neque gravis neque periculosa, interdum dolor
ofthe person : but neither severe nor dangerous, sometimes the pain
est gravior, sed brevis, neque tamen mortiferus ; qui
is more severe, but short, nor however deadly; which
contrahitur vel vino, vel cruditate, vel frigore, vel igne,
is contracted either by wine, or by crudity, or by cold, or by thefire,
aut sole. Que omnes hi delores sunt modo in febre,
or the sun. And all these pains are sometimes in (with) fever,
modo sine hac ; modo in toto capite,
sometimes without this; sometimes in the whole (all through the) head,
modo in parte /ejûs interdum sic, ut quoque excrucient
sometimes in a part ofit: 3 ) sometimes 80, that they also excruciate
proximam partem oris. Preter hæc, etiamnum génus invenitur,
the nearest part oftheface. Besides these, even still akind is found,
quod potest esse longum ; ubi humor inflat cutem, que ea (cutis
which may be (continue) long; when afluid inflates the skin, and it

scire curanti necessarium est, adductis, reme hæc, dolor intolerabilis, maxime circa tempora,
dia singularum laborantium partium exsequar, vel occipitium. Interdum autem in capite
: sub quo nomine nunc
orsus a capitequæ significo longa imbecillitas,
per hominis neque gravis,
sedætatem neque
est : interdum
eam partem, capillo tegitur : nam oculo periculosa,
rum, aurium, dentium dolor, In et si quis similis gravior dolor, sed brevis, neque tamen morti
est, alias erit explicandus. capite autem ferus; qui vel vino, vel cruditate, vel frigore,
interdum acutus et pestifer morbus est, quam vel igne, aut sole contrahitur. Hique omnes
Kepaλaíav Græci vocant : cujus notæ sunt, horror dolores modo in febre, modo sine hac sunt ;
validus, nervorum resolutio, oculorum caligo, modo in toto capite, modo in parte ; interdum
mentis alienatio, vomitus, sic, ut vox suppri sic, ut oris quoque proximam partem excruci
matur; vel sanguinis ex naribus cursus, sic, ent. Præter hæc etiamnum invenitur genus,
ut corpus frigescat, anima deficiat : præter quod potest longum esse ; ubi humor cutem in
238 A. CORN. CELSI
intumescit, et cedit digito prementi: Græci appellant
swells up, and yields tothefinger pressing(on it) : the Greeks call it
ὑδροκέφαλον (hudrokephalon ). Ex his, dixi quâ ratione
hydrocephalus. Of these, I stated in what manner
id, quod positum est secundo loco, dum est leve, sit curandum,
that, which has been placed in the second place, whilst it is slight, is to be treated,
cum persequerer ea quæ sani homines deberent facere in
when Iwas investigating those things which healthy persons ought to do in
imbecillitate alicujus partis. Vero quæ sint auxilia capitis,
a weakness of any part. But what are the aids for the head,
ubi est dolor cum febre, explicitum est eo loco, quo
when thereis pain with fever, has been explained in that place, in which
curatio febriu m ta
exposi est. Nunc dicendum est (sc. mihi) de
the treatment offevers has been explained . Now I must speak of
ceteris. Ex quibus id, quod est acutum , et id, quod
the others. Of which that, which is acute, and that, which
intenditur supra consuetudinem, que id, quod ex subitâ
is increased above custom (unusually), and that, which from a sudden
causâ, etsi non pestiferum, tamen est vehemens, habet primam
cause, although not deadly, yet is violent, has (as) thefirst
curationem , sc. eam quâ sanguis mittatur. Sed id, nisi
cure, that in which blood may be drawn. But that, unless
dolor est intolerabilis , est supervacuum : que est satius abstinere
the pain is intolerable, i8 superfluous: and it is better to abstain
a cibo ; etiam a potione si potest. fieri ; si potest non,
from food; also from drink if it can be done; if it can not,
bibere aquam . Si postero die dolor remanet, ducere
to drink water. If on thefollowing day the pain continues, to clyster
alvum , evocare sternutamenta, assumere nihil, nisi aquam. Enim
thebelly, to excite sneezings, to take nothing, except water. For
sæpe unus aut alter dies discutit totum dolorem hac
often one or another day (a day or two) shakes off the whole pain by this
ratione ; utique si origo est ex vino vel cruditate. Vero
means; especially if the origin is from wine or crudity. But
si est parum auxilii in his, oportet tonderi ad cutem : deinde
if there is little relief in these, it behooves to be clipped to the skin (scalp) : then
considerandum est, quæ causa excitarit dolorem. Si calor, expedit
we must consider, what cause may have excited the pain. If heat, itis expedient
perfundere caput multâ frigidâ aquâ ; imponere concavam spongiam,
to bathe the head with much cold water; to put on (apply) a concave sponge,
subinde expressam in frigidâ aquâ; ungere rosâ et aceto, vel
frequently squeezed in cold water; to anoint with rose oil and vinegar, or

flat, eaque intumescit, et prementi digito cedit: tur. Sed id, nisi intolerabilis dolor est, super
déposépaλov Græci appellant. Ex his id, quod vacuum est : satiusque est abstinere a cibo ; si
secundo loco positum est, dum leve est, qua fieri potest, etiam a potione; si non potest,
sit ratione curandum, dixi, cum persequerer aquam bibere. Si postero die dolor remanet,
ea, quæ sani homines in imbecillitate partis alvum ducere, sternutamentaevocare, nihil as
alicujus facere deberent. Quæ vero auxilia sumere, nisi aquam. Sæpe enim dies unus ant
sint capitis, ubi cum febre dolor est, eo loco uti
alter totum dolorem hac ratione discutitSi; vero
explicitum est, quo febrium curatio_exposita que si ex vino vel cruditate origo est.
est. Nunc de ceteris dicendum est. Ex quibus in his auxilii parum est, tonderi oportet ad
id, quod acutum est, et id, quod supra consue cutem : deinde considerandum est, quæ causa
tudinem intenditur, idque, quod ex subita dolorem excitarit. Si calor, aqua frigida multa
causa,etsi non pestiferum, tamen vehemens est, perfundere caput expedit ; spongiam concavam
primam curationem habet, qua sanguis mitta imponere, subinde in aqua frigida expressam;
 MEDICINE LIB. IV . 239

potius imponere succidam lanam tinctam in his, ve alia refrigerantia

rather to put on (apply) juicy wool dipped in these, or other refrigerating
cataplasmata. At si frigus nocuit, oportet
cataplasms. But if cold has hurt (caused the disease), it behooves
perfundere caput calidâ marinâ aquâ, vel saltem salsâ aquâ,
to bathe the head with hot sea water, 01 at least salt water,
in quâ laurus decocta sit : tum perfricare caput vehementer ;
in which laurel has been boiled : then to rub the head briskly :
deinde implere calido oleo, et velare
afterwards tofill it up (embrocate it) with warm oil, and cover it
veste. Quidam etiam devinciunt id ; alii onerant
with a nightcap. Some also bind it; others load it
cervicalibus que vestimentis, et sic levantur ; calida
with neckerchiefs and cloths, and thus are relieved ; warm
cataplasmata adjuvant alios. Ergo etiam , ubi causa est ignota,
cataplasms assist others. Therefore also, when the cause is unknown,
oportet videre, refrigerantia an calefacientia
it behooves to see, whether cooling or heatingthings (refrigerants or calefaciants)
leniant magis, et uti iis, quæ experimentum approbarit.
relieve more, and to use those, which experiment shall have approved.
At si causa parum discernitur, (oportet) perfundere
But if the cause is not distinguished (discovered), to bathe
caput, primum calidâ aquâ, vel salsâ (aqua), vel decoctâ ex
the head, atfirst with warm water, or salt, or boiled with
lauro. sicut præceptum est supra ; tum frigidâ poscâ.
laurel, as has been directed above ; then with cold diluted vinegar.
Illa sunt communia in omni vetusto dolore capitis,
These (the following) are common in every old pain ofthe head,
excitare sternutamenta, perfricare inferiores partes vehementer,
to excite sneezings, to rub the lower parts vehemently,
gargarizare iis quæ movent salivam , admovere
to gargle with those things which promote (the flow of) the saliva, to apply
cucurbitulas temporibus et occipitio, detrahere sanguinem ex
cupping-glasses to the temples and occiput, to draw blood from
naribus, subinde pervellere tempora resinâ, et exulcerare
the nostrils, occasionally to pull the temples with resin, and to exulcerate
ea (sc. loca), quæ habent male, sinapi imposito, linteolo
those places, which make ill, by mustard being applied, linen
ante subjecto , ut ne arrodat vehementer ;
beingpreviously placed under, that it may not corrode violently ;
excitare ulcera, ubi dolor est, candentibus ferramentis ; sumere
to excite ulcers, where the pain is, with hot irons ; to take

ungere rosa et aceto, vel potius his tinctam causa discernitur, perfundere caput, primum
lanam succidamimponere, aliave refrigerantia aqua calida,sicut supra præceptum est,vel salsa,
cataplasmata. At si frigus nocuit, caput vel ex vetusto
lauro decocta ; tum frigida posca. Illa in
oportet perfundere aqua calida marína, vel omni capitis dolore communia sunt ;
certe salsa, aut in qua lanrus decocta sit: tum sternutamenta excitare, inferiores partes ve
r perfricare ; Quidam
caput vehemente
oleo implere et veste velare. deinde calido
etiam hementer perfricare,
livam movent, gargarizare iis, quæ sa
cucurbitulas temporibus et
id devinciunt ; alii cervicalibus vestimentisque occipitio admovere, sanguinem ex naribus
onerant, et sic levantur ; alios calida cata detrahere, resina subinde tempora pervellere,
plasmata adjuvant. Ergo etiam, ubi causa et imposíto sinapi exulcerare ea, quæ male
incognita est, videre iaoportet, refrigerantia habent, ante linteolo subjecto, ne vehementer
magis, an calefacient leniant, et iis uti, arrodat ; candentibus ferramentis, ubi dolor
quæ experimentum approbarit. Ad si parum est, ulcera excitare ; cibum permodicum cum
240 A. CORN. CELSI
permodicum cibum, cum aquâ: ubi dolor levatus est, ire
very moderate food, with water : when the pain has been relieved, to go
in balneum, ibi perfundi per caput multâ aquâ,
into the bath, there to be bathed over the head with much water,
prius calidâ, deinde frigidâ : si dolor est ex toto discussus,
atfirst warm, afterwards cold : if the pain has been wholly dispersed,
reverti etiam ad vinum ; sed postea semper bibere aquam
to return even to wine ; but afterwards always to drink water
antequam quidquam aliud. Id genus, quod contrahit
before any other thing (any thing else). That kind, which draws
humorem in caput, est dissimile. In hoc est necessarium
(collects) a fluid into the head, is different . In this it is necessary
tonderi ad cutem ; deinde imponere sinapi, sic ut
to be clipped to the skin (scalp); then to apply mustard, 80 that
exulceret : si id profuit parum , utendum est (nobis)
it may exulcerate : if that has benefited little, we must use
scalpello. Illa sunt communia cum hydropicis,
the scalpel. These (the following) are common with dropsical persons,
ut exerceatur, insudet , perfricetur vehementer, utatur cibis que
that he be exercised, he sweat, he be rubbed vehemently, he use foods and
potionibus præcipue moventibus urinam .
drinks especially exciting the urine.
2. Vero morbus quem Græci nominant κυνικὸν σπασμὸν
But a disease which the Greeks call cynicum spasmum
kunicon spasmon , innascitur circa faciem. Is fere oritur cum
risus sardonicus, arises about the face. It mostly arises with
acutâ febre ; OS pervertitur cum quodam motu ;
acute fever; the mouth is turned (distorted) with a degree of motion ;
que, ideo, est . nihil aliud quam distentio oris.
and, therefore, it is nothing else than a convulsion ofthe mouth.
Crebra mutatio coloris in facie que toto corpore accedit ;
A frequent change ofcolour in theface and whole body comes on ;
somnus est in promtu. In hoc, mittere sanguinem
sleep is in readiness (propensity to sleep). In this, to let blood
est optimum : si malum est non finitum eo, ducere alvum ;
is best : if the disorder is not terminated by that, to clyster the belly;
si est ne quidem sic discussum, movere vomitum albo veratro.
if it is not even 80 shaken off, to provoke vomiting by white hellebore.
Præter hæc, est necessarium vitare solem, lassitudinem , vinum.
Besides these, it is necessary to avoid the sun, lassitude, wine.
Si non discussum est his, utendum est . cursu ;
If it has not been shaken off by these (means), he must use running ;

aqua sumere : ubi levatus est dolor, in bal 2. Circa faciem vero morbus innascitur,
neum ire, ibi multa aqua, prius calida, deinde quem Græci uviÒ σmaquòv nominant. Is cum
frigida per caput perfundi : si discussus ex acuta fere febre oritur ; os cum motu quodam
toto dolor est, etiam ad vinum reverti ; sed pervertitur
distentio ; ideoque
oris. Acceditnihil
crebraaliud
colorisest,in quam
facie
postea semper, antequam quidquam aliud,
aquam bibere. Dissimile est id genus, quod totoque corpore mutatio ; somnus in promtu
humorem in caput contrahit. In hoc tonderi est. In hoc sanguinem mittere optimum est:
ad cutem necessarium est ; deinde imponere si finitum eo malum non est, ducere alvum ; si
sinapi, sic, ut exulceret : si id parum profuit, ne sic quidem discussum est, albo veratro vo
scalpello utendum est. Illa cum hydropicis mitum solem,
vitare movere.lassitudinem,
Præter hæc vinum.
necessarium est
Si dis
communia sunt, ut exerceatur, insudet, vehe
menter perfricetur, cibis potionibusque utatur cussum his non est, utendum est cursu ; fric
urinam præcipue moventibus. tione in eo, quod læsum est, leni et multa; in
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 241
leni et multâ frictione in eo sc. membro quod
gentle and much (long continued), friction on that (Sc. part which
est læsum ; breviore, sed vehementi, in reliquis partibus.
is injured (diseased) ; shorter, but vehement , in the remaining parts.
Prodest etiam movere sternutamenta ; radere caput ; que
It benefits also to excite sneezings ; to shave the head ; and
perfundere id, calidâ aquâ, vel marinâ, vel certe salsâ,
to bathe it, with warm water, or sea, or at least salt (water),
sic, ut sulphur quoque adjiciatur ei ; post perfusionem perfricari
80, that sulphur also beadded to it ; after the bathing to be rubbed
iterum ; manducare sinapi ; que eodem tempore imponere, ceratum
again ; to chew mustard ; and at the same time to apply, cerate
affectis partibus oris, sinapi idem
to the affected parts of the face, mustard the same (in like manner)
integris, donec arrodat. Aptissimus cibus est ex mediâ materiâ⚫
to the sound, until it corrode. The fittest food is of the middle matter
3. At si lingua est resoluta, quod fit interdum per se,
But if the tongue is palsied, which happens sometimes (by) of itself,
interdum ex aliquo morbo, sic, ut sermo
sometimes from some disease, 80 that the speech (pronunciation)
hominis non explicetur ; oportet gargarizare ex aquâ,
ofthe person is not explicit (distinct); it behooves to gargle with water,
in quâ vel thymum , vel hyssopum , vel nepeta decocta sit ;
in which either thyme, or hyssop, or cat-mint has been boiled;
bibere aquam ; vehementer perfricare caput, et OS, et
to drink water ; vehemently to rub the head, and mouth, and
ea embra,) which qua sunt sub mento, et cervicem ; linere
those parts, are under the chin, and the neck ; to smear
linguam ipsam lasere ; manducare quæ sunt acerrima, id
thetongue itself, with assafœtida ; to chew what are very acrid, that
est, sinapi allium, cepam ; luctari magnâ vi, ut verba
is, mustard, garlic, onion ; to strive with great force, that the words
exprimantur ; exerceri spiritu retento : sæpe
be expressed (articulated) ; to be exercised the breath being held in; often
perfundere caput frigida aquâ ; nonnunquam esse multam
to bathe the head with cold water ; sometimes to eat much (a great
radiculam deinde vomere.
deal of) horseradish then to vomit.
4. Autem humor interdum destillat de capite in nares
But a humour sometimes drops down from the head into the nose
quod est leve ; interdum in fauces, quod est pejus ;
which is slight (unimportant) ; sometimes into thefauces, which is worse ;

reliquis partibus breviore, sed vehementi. Pro rizare ex aqua, in qua vel thymum, vel hysso
dest etiam movere sternutamenta; caput ra pum, vel nepeta decocta sit ; aquam bibere ;
dere: idque perfundere aqua calida, vel marina, caput, et os, et ea, quæ sub mento sunt, et cer
vel certe salsa, sic ut ei sulphur quoque adji vicem vehementer perfricare ; lasere linguam
ciatur; post perfusionem iterum perfricari ; ipsam linere ; manducare, quæ sunt acerrima,
sinapi manducare ; eodemque tempore affectis id est, sinapi, allium, cepam ; magna vi luctari,
oris partibus ceratum, integris idem sinapi, ut verba exprimantur; exerceri retento spirita;
donec
media arrodat, imponere. Cibus aptissimus ex
materia est. caput sæpe aqua frigida perfundere; nonnun
quam multam esse radiculam, deinde vomere.
3. At si lingua resoluta est, quod interdum 4. Destillat autem humor de capite interdum
per se, interdum ex morbo aliquo fit, sic, ut in nares, quod leve est ; interdum in fauces,
sermo hominis non explicetur ; oportet garga quod pejus est ; interdum etiam in pulmonem,
M
242 A. CORN. CELSI
interdum etiam in pulmonem quod est pessimum. Si destillavit
sometimes even into the lung which is the worst. If it has dropped down
in nares tenuis pituita profluit per has, caput leviter
into the nostrils a thin rheum flowsforth through them, the head is slightly
dolet, gravitas ejûs sentitur, sternutamenta sunt frequentia. Si
pained, a heaviness of it is felt, the sneezings are frequent. If
(destillavit) in fauces, exasperat has, movet tussiculam. Si in
into the fauces , it irritates them, excites slight cough. If into
pulmonem , præter sternutamenta et tussim, est etiam gravitas
the lung(s), besides sneezings and cough, there is also heaviness
capitis, lassitudo, sitis, æstus biliosa (i. e. fusca) urina. Autem
ofthe head, lassitude, thirst, heat bilious urine. But
aliud, quamvis non distans multum malum est
another, although not differing much (not very different) disease is
gravedo. Hæc claudit nares, obtundit vocem , movet
stuffing in the head. This closes up the nostrils, blunts the voice, excites
siccam tussim : sub eâdem (gravedine ) saliva est salsa, aures
a dry cough : under the same the saliva i8 salt, the ears
sonant, venæ in capite moventur, urina est turbida. Hippocrates
ring, the vessels in the head are moved, the urine is turbid. Hippocrates
nominat omnia hæc video hoc
names all these sc. mala ) kopulas
disorders coryzæ : (koruzas) : I see that this
nomen apud Græcos nunc servari in gravedine ;
name among the Greeks now is kept in (confined to) stuffing ofthe head;
destillationem appellari kαTασrayµòv (katastagmon) . Autem hæc sunt
that catarrh is called catastagmon. But these are
et brevia, et, si neglecta, consuerunt esse longa. Nihil
also short, and, if neglected, have been accustomed to be long. None
sc. horum est pestiferum, nisi quod exulceravit pulmonem.
( ofthem is fatal, except (that) which has ulcerated the lungs.
Ubi sensimus aliquid ejusmodi, debemus protinus abstinere
When we have perceived anything of that kind, we ought immediately to abstain
a sole, balneo, vino venere : inter quæ nihilominus
from (avoid) the sun, the bath, wine venery : during which nevertheless
licet (sup. nobis) uti unctione et. assueto cibo. Utendum est (sc. ægro)
we may use unction and the ordinary diet. He ought to use
tantum acri ambulatione sed tectâ et post eam
only sharp (quick) walking but covered (under cover), and after it
perfricandum caput atque OS supra quinquagies. Que raro
to rub the head and the face above fifty times. And it seldom
fit, si temperavimus nobis biduo, vel certe triduo,
happens, if we have governed ourselves for two days, or at least three days,

quod pessimum est. Si in nares destillavit, in gravedine hoc nomen servari ; destillatio
tenuis per has pituita profluit, caput leviter nem, Karaoтayμor appellari. Hæc autem et bre
dolet, gravitas ejus sentitur, frequentia ster- via, et si neglecta sunt, longa esse consuerunt.
nutamenta sunt.
tussiculam movet.Si in
Si fauces, has exasperat,
in pulmonem, Nihil pestiferum est, nisi quod pulmonem ex
præter ulceravit. Ubi aliquid ejusmodi sensimus, pro
sternutamenta et tussim, est etiam capitis gra- tinus abstinere a sole, balneo, vino, venere de
vitas, lassitudo, sitis, æstus, biliosa urina. bemus
Aliud autem, quamvis non multum distans, nihilominus : interutiquælicet.
unctione, et assueto
Ambulatione cibo
tantum
malum gravedo est. Hæc nares claudit, vocem acri, sed tecta utendum est, et post eam caput
obtundit, tussimsiccam movet : sub eadem salsa atque os supra quinquagies perfricandum.
est saliva, sonant aures, venæ moventur in Raroque fit, ut si biduo, vel certe triduo nobis
capite, turbida urina est. Hæc omnia opúčas temperavimus, id vitium non levetur. Quo le
Hippocrates nominat : nunc video apud Græcos❘vato, si in destillatione crassa facta pituitaest,
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 243
ut id vitium non levetur. Quo levato, si -pituita
that that disorder is not relieved. Which being abated, if the phlegm
facta est crassa in destillatione , vel nares magis patent in
has become thick in catarrh, or the nostrils are more open (free) in
gravedine, utendum est balneo, que fovendum OS que caput
stuffing ofthehead, he must use the bath, and wash the face and head
multâ aquâ prius calidâ, post egelidâ ; deinde bibendum
with much water at first hot, afterwards lukewarm: then drink
vinum cum pleniore cibo. At si quarto die pituita est æque
wine with fuller diet. But if on thefourth day the phlegm is equally
tenuis, vel nares videntur æque clausæ austerum Aminæum
thin, ወጥ the nostrils seem alike shut (obstructed) rough Aminæan
vinum est assumendum ; deinde rursus aqua biduo ; post quæ
wine is to be taken ; then again water for two days ; after which
revertendum est (sc. ægro) ad balneum, et ad consuetudinem.
he must return to the bath, and to his custom (usual habits.)
Neque tamen illis diebus ipsis, quibus aliqua sunt
Nor nevertheless on those days themselves, on which some things are
omittenda, expedit agere tanquamn ægros ; sed omnia
to be omitted, is it proper to act as if (like) sick persons ; but all
cetera sunt facienda (sc. ab iis) quasi sanis, præterquam si
the other things are to be done by them as if by healthy persons, except that when
ista (mala) consuerunt sollicitare aliquem diutius et vehementius :
those things have been accustomed to disturb any one longer and more violently:
enim quædam curiosior observatio est necessaria huic. Igitur
for a some(what) more careful management is necessary for this (person.) Therefore
si distillavit in nares vel in fauces, præter ea,
if it has fallen upon the nose or upon thefauces, besides those things,
quæ retuli supra, huic ambulandum est multum protinus
which I have mentioned above, he ought to walk a great deal immediately
primis diebus ; inferiores partes perfricandæ vehementer; frictio erit
in thefirst days ; the lower parts to be rubbed briskly; thefriction will be
adhibend levior thoraci, levior capiti ; dimidia
to be applied more gentle to the thorax, more gentle to the head ; a half
pars demenda assueto cibo ; ova
part to be taken from the ordinary food (the diet to be reduced one-half); eggs
sumenda, amylum, que similia, quæ faciunt pituitam
to be taken, starch, and similar things, which render the phlegm
crassiorem ; pugnandum contra siti maxima quanti
thicker ; we must resist on the other hand by thirst the very greatest that
potest sustineri. Ubi per hæc aliquis factus (est) idoneus
can be endured. When by these things the person has become fit

vel in gravedine nares magis patent, balneo suerunt : huic enim quædam curiosior obser
utendum est, multaque aqua prius calida, post vatio necessaria est. Igitur huic, si in nares
egelida, fovendum os, caputque ; deinde cum vel in fauces destillavit, præter ea, quæ supra
cibo pleniore vinum bibendum. At si æque retuli, protinus primis diebus multum ambu
tenuis quarto die pituita est, vel nares æque landum est ; perfricandæ vehementer inferiores
clausæ videntur, assumendum est vinum Ami partes ; levior frictio adhibenda thoraci erit,
næum austerum; deinde rursus biduo aqua ; levior capiti ; demenda assueto cibo pars dimi
post quæ ad balneum, et ad consuetudinem re dia; sumenda ova, amylum, similiaque, quæ
vertendum est. Neque tamen illis ipsis diebus, pituitam faciunt crassiorem ; siti contra,
quibus aliqua omittenda sunt, expedit tan quanta maxima sustineri potest, pugnandum.
quam ægros agere ; sed cetera omnia quasi Ubi per hæc idoneus aliquis balneo factus,
sanis facienda sunt, præterquam si diutius eoquecaro
usus
aliquem, et vehementius ista sollicitare con aut , sicest, adjiciendus est cibo pisciculus,
tamen, ne protinus justus modus
M2
 244 • A. CORN. CELSI
balneo, que usus est eo, pisciculus est adjiciendus
for the bath, and has used it, a small fish is to be added
cibo, aut caro, sic tamen justus modus cibi
to the food, 09 meat, 80 however (that) the due quantity of food
ne sumatur protinus: utendum est meraco vino copiosius.
be not taken immediately : he must use undiluted wine more plentifully.
At si destillat quoque in pulmonem est multo magis opus
But if itfalls also upon the lung there is much more need of
et ambulatione et frictione ; que eâdem ratione adhibitâ
both walking and friction ; and the same regulation being applied
in cibis si illi non proficiunt satis, utendum est
in the foods, if they do not avail sufficiently, he must use
acrioribus ; indulgendum magis somno, que abstinendum a
more acrid ones; he must indulge more in sleep, and refrain from
omnibus negotiis ; aliquando, sed serius, tentandum balneum.
all business ; sometimes, but (at a) later (period), he must try the bath.
Autem in gravedine, (oportet) quiescere primo die, neque
But in stuffling of the head to rest on the first day, neither
esse, neque bibere, velare caput, circumdare fauces lanâ :
to eat, nor todrink, to cover the head, to surround the throat with wool:
postero die surgere, abstinere a potione, aut si res
on the following day to rise, torefrain from drink, or if the thing (urgency)
coegerit, assumere non ultra heminam aquæ :
shall compel (him), to take not beyond (more than) a hemina of water:
tertio die sumere non ita multum ex interiore parte panis
on the third day to take not very much from the inner part ofbread
cum pisciculo, vel levi carne, bibere aquam : si
(ofa loaf) with a smallfish, or . light meat, to drink water : if
quis non potuerit temperare sibi, quo utatur
a person should not be able to govern himself, 80 as that he may use
minus pleniore cibo, vomere : ubi est ventum
less fuller (more sparing) food, to vomit: when it is come
ab iis : impersonal. in balneum fovere caput et OS multâ
(ab they come into the bath to foment the head and face with much
calidâ aquâ usque ad sudorem : tum redire ad vinum. Post quæ
hot water unto sweating : then to return to wine. After which
potest vix fieri, ut idem incommodum maneat :
it can scarcely happen, that the same inconvenience (disorder) continue :
sed si manserit utendum erit frigidis, aridis, levibus cibis,
but if it should continue he will have to use cold, dry, light foods,
minimo humore quam, frictionibus que exercitationibus servatis,
the least fluid possible, frictions and exercises being observed,
quæ sunt necessariæ in omni tali genere valetudinis.
which are necessary in every such kind of disease.
cibi
est. sumatur : vino meraco copiosius utendum tertio die panis non ita multum ex parte inte
At si in pulmonem quoque destillat, riore cum pisciculo, vel levi carne sumere,
multo magis et ambulatione et frictione opus aquam bibere : si quis sibi temperare non po
est; eademque adhibita ratione in cibis, si non tuerit, quo minus pleniore victu utatur, vo
satis illi proficiunt, acrioribus utendum est ; mere : ubi in balneum ventum est, multa ca
magis somno indulgendum, abstinendumque a lida aqua caput et os fovere usque ad sudorem :
negotiis omnibus ; aliquando, sed serius, bal tum ad vinum redire. Post quæ vix fieri po
neum tendandum. In gravedíne autem, primo test, ut idem incommodum maneat : sed si
die quiescere, neque esse, neque bibere, caput manserit, utendum erit cibis frigidis, aridis,
velare, fauces lana circumdare : postero die levibus, humore quam minimo, servatis fric
surgere,
gerit, nonabstinere a potione, aquæ
ultra heminam aut, siassumere
res coë: tionibus exercitationibusque, quæ in omni tali
genere valetudinis necessariæ sunt.
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 245

CAP. III.
CHAP. III.

Morbi Cervicis.
Diseases of the Neck.
Transitus ex capite est ad cervicem ;
The passage from the head is (we naturally pass from the head) to the neck ;
quæ (sc. cervix) est obnoxia admodum gravibus morbis. Neque tamen
which is liable to very severe diseases. Nor yet
est alius importunior que acutior morbus, quam is,
is there another more troublesome and more acute disease, than that,
qui, quodam rigore nervorum, annectit, modo
which, by some kind (of) stiffness (spasm) ofthe tendons, fastens, at one time
caput scapulis, modo mentum pectori, modo
the head to the shoulders, at another the chin to the breast, sometimes
intendit cervicem rectam et immobilem. Græci appellant
stretches (fixes) the neck straight and immoveable. The Greeks call
priorem ὀπισθότονον (opisthotonon ), insequentem ἐμπροσθό
theformer (first) opisthotonus, thefollowing (the second) emprostho
τονον (emprosthotonon ), ultimum τέτανον (tetanon ) : quamvis quidam
tonus, the last tetanus : although some
minus subtiliter utuntur his nominibus indiscretis
less accurately (with less accuracy) use these names indifferent
Ea (sc. mala) sæpe tollunt
adverbialiter reddendum . ) These often carry off (ægr killum
intra quartum diem : si evaserunt hunc, sunt
within the fourth day: if (segrithey ) have escaped this, they are
sine periculo. Omnia curantur eâdem ratione : que id
without danger. All are cured by the same means : and that
convenit. Sed Asclepiades credidit sanguinem utique
is agreed upon. But Asclepiades believed that blood also (in addition)
(esse) mittendum : quod quidam dixerunt esse utique vitandum ,
was to be let: which some have said was certainly to be avoided,
eo quod tum corpus egeret colore maxime : que is (sc. calor) esset
because then the body wanted heat most : and it was
in sanguine. Verum hoc quidem est falsum . Enim neque est
in the blood. But this indeed is false. For neither is it
natura sanguinis, ut utique caleat ; sed ex
the nature ofthe blood, that it should especially become hot ; but of

tur. Ea sæpe intra quartum diem tollunt: si

adCAP. III.-Cervicis
cervicem est ; quæMorbi.—A
gravibuscapite transitus
admodum mor hunc evaserunt, sine periculo sunt. Eadem
bis obnoxia est. Neque tamen alius importu omnia ratione curantur ; idque convenit . Sed
nior acutiorque morbus est, quam is, qui quo Asclepiades utique mittendum sanguinem cre
dam rigore nervorum, modo caput scapulis, didit : quod quidam utique vitandum esse dix
modo mentum pectori annectit, modo_rectam erunt, eo quod maxime tum corpus calore
et immobilem cervicem intendit. Priorem egeret : isque esset in sanguine. Verum hoc
Græci brio@brorov, insequentem importérovov, ul quidem falsum est. Neque enim natura san
timum Tiravov appellant : quamvis minus sub utique caleat ; sed ex iis, quæ in
guinis est, ut hic
tiliter quidam indiscretis his nominibus utun homine sunt, celerrime vel calescit, vel re
246 A. CORN . CELSI
iis, quæ sunt in homine, hic (sanguis)
those things, which are in man (of which man composed), this
celerrime vel calescit, vel refrigescit. Vero necne
most quickly either becomes hot, or cools. But whether or no
debeat mitti, potest intelligi ex iis quæ
it ought to be let, may be understood from those (rules) which
præcepta sunt de missione sanguinis. Autem castoreum utique
have been directed about the letting ofblood. But castor likewise
datur recte, et cum hoc piper, vel laser : deinde est
is given rightly, and with it pepper, or assafœtida : then there is
opus humido et calido fomento : itaque plerique p medici
need of a moist and hot fomentation: therefore most ( hysicians)
subinde perfundunt cervices multâ calidâ aquâ.
frequently pour over (affuse) the neck (and shoulders) with much hot water.
Id levat in præsentia sc. tempora ; sed reddit nervos
That relieves for the present the moment ; but it renders the tendons
opportuniores frigori : quod est utique vitandum. Igitur est
more liable to cold: which is especially to be avoided. Therefore it is
utilius, primum perungere cervicem liquido cerato ; deinde
more useful, first to anoint the neck with,liquid cerate; afterwards
admovere bubulas vesicas, vel utriculos repletos calido oleo, vel
to apply Ox bladders, or bottles filled with hot oil, or
calidum cataplasma ex farinà, vel rotundum (nigrum) piper contusum
a hot cataplasm of meal, or round black pepper bruised
cum ficu. Tamen est utilissimum, fovere humido sale: quod
with afig. However it is most useful, tofoment with moist salt : which
quomodo fieret, ostendi jam . Ubi aliquid
in what manner it should be done, I have shewn already. When any
eorum factum est, oportet admovere ægrum ad
of those things has been done, it behooves to bring thepatient (near) to
ignem, vel si est æstas, in sole : que perfricare cervicem,
the fire, or if it is summer, in the sun : and to rub the neck,
et scapulas, et spinam, maxime vetere oleo; si id est non,
and shoulders, and spine, especially with old oil; if that is not
Syriaco (Eleomeli vocatur) ; si ne quidem id est,
(at hand), with Syrian ; if not even that is (at hand),
adipe vetustissimà quam. Cum frictio sit utilis omnibus
with fat the oldest possible: As friction is useful to all
vetebris in homine, tum præcipue iis, quæ sunt in collo.
the vertebræ in a man, 80 especially to those, which are in the neck.
Ergo utendum est (sc. ægris) hoc remedio die que nocte, quibusdam
Therefore they must use this remedy day and night, certain

frigescit. Mitti vero necne debeat, ex iis in cum ficu contusum. Utilissimum tamen est,
telligi potest,Utique
cepta sunt. quæ deautem
sanguinis
rectemissione præ
datur casto humido sale
ostendi. Ubifovere
eorum: aliquid
quod quomodo
factum fieret, jam
est, admo
reum, et cum hoc piper, vel laser : deinde opus vere ad ignem, vel si estas est, in sole ægrum
est fomento humido et calido : itaque plerique oportet : maximeque oleo vetere ; si id non est,
aqua calida multa cervices subinde perfundunt. Syriaco ; si ne id quidem est, adipe quam ve
Id in præsentia levat; sed opportuniores nervos tustissima cervicem, et scapulas, et spinam per
frigori reddit : quod utique vitandum est. fricare. Frictio cum omnibus in homine ver
Utilius igitur est, cerato liquido primum cer tebris utilis sit, tum iis præcipue, quæ in collo
vicem perungere
bulas vel utriculos; deinde admovere
oleo calido vesicas
repletos, velbu
ex sunt. Ergo die nocteque, interpositis tamen
quibusdam temporibus, hoc remedio utendum
farinacalidum cataplasma, vel piper rotundum est : dum intermittitur, imponendum malagma
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 247

temporibus tamen interpositis : dum intermittitur aliquod

times (intervals) however being interposed : whilst it is intermitted some
malagma (sc. confectum) ex calefacientibus imponendum. Vero frigus
plaster from the calefacients is to be put on. But cold
præcipue est cavendum : que ideo continuus ignis debebit
especially is to be avoided: and therefore a constant fire (will) ought
esse in eo conclavi, in quo æger cubabit, que maxime
to be in that chamber, in which the patient shall sleep, and especially
tempore antelucano, quo frigus præcipue intenditur .
in the time before daylight, in which cold is particularly increased (intense) .
Neque erit inutile habere caput attonsum , que madefacere
Nor will it be unserviceable to keep the head close shaved, and to moisten
id calido irino vel cyprino, et. velare pileo
it with hot iris ointment or cyprus oil, and to cover it with a cap
superimposito; nonnumquam etiam descendere totum in calidum
placed on it ; sometimes even to descend entire(ly) into warm
oleum, vel in calidam aquam, in quâ fænum Græcum decoctum sit,
oil, 01' into warm water, in which fenu-greek has been boiled,
et tertia pars olei adjecta. Alvus ducta quoque sæpe
and a third part of oil added. The belly (being) clystered also often
resolvit superiores partes. Vero si dolor crevit etiam
relaxes the superior parts. But if the pain has increased still
vehementius, cucurbitulæ sunt admovendæ
more vehemently ( become more violent), the cupping glasses are to be applied
cervicibus, sic, ut cutis incidatur : eadem (sc. cutis) adurenda
to the neck, 80, that the skin may be cut : the same to be burned
aut ferramentis aut sinapi. Ubi dolor levatus est, que
either by irons or mustard. When the pain has been abated, and
cervix cœpit moveri, licet scire, morbum cedere
the neck hasbegun to be moved, we may know, that the disease yields
remediis. Sed quisquis cibus est mandendus
to the remedies. But whatever food is to be chewed (requires chewing) , (ought)
vitandus diu. Utendum sorbitionibus , que item sorbilibus
to be avoided for a long time. We ought to use gruels, and likewise poached
aut mollibus ovis ; aliquod jus assumendum. Si id processerit
or soft eggs s some (kind of) broth to be taken. If that shall have proceeded
bene, que cervices videbuntur jam habere se ex toto
well (succeeded), and the neck shall seem now to have itself entirely
recte incipiendum erit a pulticulâ, vel intritâ bene
rightly (well) he will have to begin with pottage, 02 pap well
madidâ. Etiam tamen panis mandendus celerius quam vinum
moistened. Still however bread is to be chewed sooner than wine

aliquod ex calefacientibus. Cavendum vero dolor crevit, admovendæ cervicibus cucurbitulæ

præcipue frigus : ideoque ineo conclavi, in quo sunt, sic, ut cutis incidatur : eadem aut ferra
cubabit æger, ignis continuus esse debebit mentis aut sinapi adurenda. Ubi levatus est
maximeque tempore antelucano, quo præcipue dolor moverique cervix cœpit, scire licet, ce
frigus intenditur. Neque inutile erit, caput dere remediis
quisquis morbum.est.SedSorbitionibus
mandendus diu vitandus cibus,
uten
attonsum habere, idque irino vel cyprino calido
madefacere, et superimposito pileo velare ; non dum, itemque ovis sorbilibus, aut mollibus ;
nunquam etiam in calidum oleum totum de jus aliquod assumendum. Id si bene proces
scendere, vel in aquam calidam, in qua foenum serit, jamque ex toto recte se habere cervices
decoctum
Græcum Alvus et adjecta
sit,ducta olei pars videbuntur,
intrita bene incipiendum erit a pulticula,
madida. Celerius vel
tamen etiam
tertia. quoque sæpe superiores
partes resolvit. Si vero etiam vehementius panis mandendus, quam vinum gustandum :
 248 A. CORN. CELSI
gustandum : siquidem usus hujus est præcipue periculosus
to be tasted : since the use ofthis (the latter) is particularly dangerous ;
que ideo differendus in longius tempus.
and on that account to be deferred for a longer time.

CAP. IV.
CHAP. IV.
Morbi Faucium.
Diseases of the Fauces.
1. Autem ut hoc genus morbi consuevit esse
But as this (the latter) kind of disease has been accustomed to be (arise)
circa totam cervicem ; sic alterum genus æque pestiferum que acutum
about the whole neck ; 80 another kind equally pestiferous and acute
consuevit esse in faucibus. Nostri vocant anginam :
has been accustomed to arise in the fauces. Our people call it angina :
apud Græcos nomen est prout species. · Enim
amongst the Greeks the name is according as (i. e. varies as) the species. For
interdum neque rubor, neque ullus tumor apparet ; sed corpus est
sometimes neither redness, nor any swelling appears ; but the body is
aridum, spiritus vix trahitur, membra solvuntur :
dry, the breath is scarcely drawn (with difficulty), the limbs are relaxed :
vocant id συναγχην (sunanchen ). Interdum lingua que fauces
they call that synanche Sometimes the tongue and fauces
intumescunt cum rubore, VOX significat nihil
swell with redness, the voice signifies (articulates) nothing (i. e. is sup
oculi vertuntur, facies pallet, que est singultus:
pressed), the eyes are turned (distorted) , the face becomes pale, and there is hiccup:
id vocatur kuvaνxη (kunanche). Illa sunt communia : æger potest
that is called cynanche. These are common : the patient can
non deverare cibum , non potionem ; ejús spiritus
not swallow food, (he) cannot (nor) drink : his breath
intercluditur. Est levius, ubi est tumor tantummodo et
is obstructed. It is slighter, when there is swelling only and
rubor, cetera non sequuntur ; appellant id
redness, the other (symptoms) do not follow ; they call that
παρασυναγχην (parasunanchen ). Quidquid est, si vires
parasynanche. Whichever it is, if the strength
patiuntur, sanguis est mittendus ; si non abundat,
permit, blood is to be let; if it does not abound (is not abundant),

siquideminhujus
ideoque longiususus præcipue
tempus periculosus
differendus est. ; | dum
membra solvuntur
lingua : id ovváyyn
faucesque vocant.intumes
cum rubore Inter
CAP. IV.-Faucium Morbi.-1. UT hoc autem faciescunt, vox nihil significat, oculi vertuntur,
pallet, singultusque est : id váyxy vo
morbi genus circa totam cervicem ; sic alte catur. Illa communia sunt : æger non cibum
rum, æque pestiferum acutumque, in faucibus devorare, non potionem potest ; spiritus ejus
esse consuevit.
Græcos nomen, Nostri anginamest.vocant : apud intercluditur. Levius est, ubi tumor tantum
prout species Interdum modo et rubor est, cetera non sequuntur: id
enim neque rubor, neque tumor ullus apparet ; mapaσvváyyn appellant. Quidquid est, si vires
sed corpus aridum est, vix spiritus trahitur, patiuntur, sanguis mittendus est ; si non abun
 MEDICINE LIB. IV . 249
secundum est, ducere alvum. Cucurbitula quoque admovetur
the next thing is, to clyster the belly. A cupping-glass also is applied
recte sub mento, et circa fauces, ut evocet
properly under the chin, and about the fauces, that it maycallforth (to eva
id, quod strangulat . Deinde est opus humidis
cuate) that, which suffocates. Afterwards there is need ofmoist
fomentis : nam sicca elidunt spiritum . Ergo oportet
fomentations : for dry (ones) stop the breath. Therefore it behooves
admovere spongias ; quæ demittuntur subinde in calidum
to apply sponges; which are let down (dipped) occasionally into hot
oleum , melius quam in calidam aquam : que hic quoque calidus succus
oil, better than into hot water: and here also the hot liquor
salis est efficacissimus. Tum est commodum decoquere
of salt is most efficacious. Then it is advantageous to boil (as a decoction)
hyssopum, vel nepetam , vel thymum, vel absinthium , vel etiam
hyssop, or cat-mint, or thyme, or wormwood, or even
furfures, aut aridas ficus, cum aquâ mulsâ, que gargarizare eâ :
bran, 01 dry figs, with hydromel, and to gargle with it:
post hæc ungere palatum vel taurino felle vel eo medicamento
after these to anoint the palate either with ox gall or with that medicine
quod est ex moris. Id ( medicamentum ) etiam
which is from (composedfrom) mulberries. That also
respergitur recte polline piperis. Si proficitur
is sprinkled rightly with theflour ofpepper (ground pepper) . If it is benefitted
parum per hæc, ultimum est, incidere supra
little (advantage is derived) by these, the last thing is, to incise upon
collum sub maxillis ipsis, satis altis plagis, et in palato
the neck under the jaws themselves, with very deep cuts, and in the palate
circa uvam, vel eas venas quæ sunt sub linguâ ; ut
about the uvula, or those veins which are (lie) under the tongue ; that
morbus erumpat per ea vulnera. Quibus si æger
the disease may breakforth by those wounds. By which if the patient
non adjutus fuerit, licet (nobis) scire, eum victum
should not (have been) be relieved, we may know, thathe has been
esse malo. Vero si morbus levatus est his
conquered by the disease. But if the disease has been relieved by these (means)
que fauces jam capiunt et cibum et spiritum recursus
and thefauces already take (admit) both food and air the return
ad bonam valetudinem est facilis. Atque natura quoque interdum
to good health is easy. And nature also sometimes
adjuvat, si vitium transit ex angustiore sede in latiorem :
assists, if the disorder passes from a narrower seat into a broader:

dat, secundum est, ducere alvum. Cucurbitula moris est. Polline etiam piperis id recte re
quoque recte sub mento, et circa fauces admo spergitur. Si per hæc parum proficitur, ulti
vetur, ut id, quod strangulat, evocet. Opus est mum est, incidere satis altis plagis sub ipsis
deinde fomentis humidis : nam sicca spiritum maxillis supra collum, et in palato circa uvam ,
elidunt. Ergo admovere spongias oportet ; vel eas venas, quæ sub lingua sunt ; ut per ea
ua melius
Jdam in calidum oleum, quam in cali erumpat. Quibus si non
vulnera morbusscire fuerit
aquam subinde demittuntur : efficacissi æger adjutus, licet, malo victum esse. Si
musque est hic quoque, salis calidus succus. vero his morbus levatus est, jamque fauces
cibum et spiritum capiunt, facilis ad bonam
et
Tum commodum est, hyssopum, vel nepetam, valetudinem recursus est. Atque interdum
vel thymum, vel absinthium, vel etiam furfures, si ex angustiore sede
aut ficus aridas, cum mulsa aqua decoquere, natura quoque inadjuvat,
eaque gargarizare : post hæc palatum ungere vitium transit latiorem : itaque rubore et
vel felle taurino, vel eo medicamento, quod ex tumore in præcordiis orto, scire licet fauces
M3
250 A. CORN. CELSI

itaque, rubore et tumore orto in præcordiis,

redness and swelling having arisen in the præcordia ,
therefore,
licet scire fauces liberari. Autem quidquid levarit
we may know that thefauces arefreed. But whatever may have relieved
maxim e decoctâ
eas, incipiendum est (ægro) ab humidis, que
them, he must begin with Auid(s) things, and especially boiled
aquâ mulsa : deinde molles, et non acres, cibi sunt assumendi ,
hydromel: then soft (mild), and not acrid, foods are to be taken,
donec fauces revertantur ad pristinum habitum . Audio vulgo,
until the fauces return to their former condition. I hear publicly ,
si quis ederit pullum.
(i.e. it is the common opinion of the vulgar), if a person should eat the young
hirundinis non periclitari anginâ toto anno ; que
ofa swallow that he is not endangered from angina for a whole year ; and
cum is morbus urget, eum (sc. pullum), servatum ex sale,
when that disease urges, that it, preserved with salt,
comburi, que carbonem ejus contritum , infriari in aquam mulsam,
is burned, and the coal ofit bruised, is powdered into hydromel,
que datur potui, et prodesse. Cum id habeat idoneos
which isgiven for drink, also benefits. Since that has proper
auctores ex populo, neque possit habere quidquam periculi
authors from the people, nor can it possess any thing ofdanger (dangerous)
quamvis non legerim in monumentis medicorum tamen
although I have not read (ofit) in the works of physicians still
credidi inserendum huic meo operi.
I believed that it ought to be inserted in this my work.
2. Est etiam malum circa fauces, quod habet aliud que
There is also a disease about thefauces, which has another and
aliud nomen apud Græcos, prout intendit
another name (different names) amongst the Greeks, according as it increases
se. Omne consistit in difficultate spirandi :
itself(its intensity). It all (wholly) consists in a difficulty ofbreathing :
sed hæc dum est modica, neque ex toto strangulatat, appellatur
but this whilst it is moderate, nor wholly suffocates, is called
Suoπvola (duspnoia) ; cum est vehementior, ut æger possit non
dyspnoea ; when it is more vehement, so that the patient cannot
spirare sine sono et anhelatione, aoμa (asthma) :
breathe without a noise and difficulty (panting), asthma :
cum id quoque accessit, spiritus ne trahatur nisi
when that also has been added, that the breath cannot be drawn except
cervice erectâ ορθοπνοια (orthopnoia). Ex quibus
the neck (shoulders) being erect (upright) orthopnoea. Of which

liberari. Quidquid autem eas levarit, inci medicorum non legerim, tamen inserendum
piendum est ab; deinde
humidis, maximeque huic operi meo credidi.
mulsa decocta assumendi mollesaqua
et 2. Est etiam circa fauces malum, quod apud
non acres cibi sunt, donec fauces ad pristinum Græcos aliud aliudque nomen habet, prout se
habitum revertantur. Vulgo audio, si quis
pullum hirundinis ederit, angina toto anno sistit: sed Omne
intendit. hæc dum difficultate
in modica neque ex con
est, spirandi toto
non periclitari ; servatumque eum ex sale, strangulat, dúonvoca appellatur ; cum vehemen
cum is morbus urget, comburi, carbonemque tior est, ut spirare æger sine sono et anhelatione
ejus contritum in aquam mulsam, quæ potui non possit, doua : cum accessit id quoque, ne
datur, infriari, et prodesse. Id cum idoneos nisi recta cervice spiritus trahatur, dplónvoia.
auctores ex populo
quam periculi habeat,
possit, neque
quamvis in habere quid
monumentis Ex quibus id, quod primum est, potest diutius
trahi duo insequentia acuta esse consuerunt.
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 251
id, quod est primum, potest trahi diutius : duo
that, which is first, may be drawn out (be continued) longer: the twe
insequentia consuerunt esse acuta. Communia his
following have been accustomed to be acute. (The symptoms) common to them
sunt: quod propter angustias per quas spiritus evadit,
are : that because of the straitness(es) through which the air escapes,
edit sibilum , est dolor in pectore que ræcordiis,
it produces a hissing (wheezing), there is pain in the breast and præcordia,
modo etiam in scapulis, que is modo decedit
sometimes even in the scapula (shoulders), and it sometimes goesoff
modo revertitur ; ad hæc tussicula accedit. Auxilium est,
sometimes returns; to these a slight cough is added. The aid is (consists),
nisi aliquid prohibet in detractione sanguinis.
unless something prohibits (contraindicates) in the drawing of blood.
Neque est id satis, sed venter quoque est solvendus lacte.
Nor is that sufficient, but the belly also is to be relaxed by milk.
Alvus liquanda, interdum etiam ducenda ; quibus
The bowels to be loosened, sometimes also to be clystered; by which
corpus extenuat um incipit trahere spiritum commodius. Autem
the body (being) reduced begins to draw the breath more easily. But
caput est habendum sublime in lecto: thorax est adjuvandus
the head is to be kept high (elevated) in bed : the thorax is to be assisted
fomentis, que calidis cataplasmatis, aut siccis, aut etiam
byfomentations, and warm cataplasms, either dry, or even
humidis ; et postea vel malagma superimponendum , vel certe
moist ; and afterwards either a plaster to be put on, or at least
ceratum ex cyprino vel (ex) irino unguento. Deinde aqua mulsa, cum
a cerate of cypress oil or iris ointment. Then hydromel, with
quâ hyssopus vel radix capparis contrita, cocta sit, sumenda
which hyssop or the root ofcapers bruised, has been boiled, to be taken
potui jejuno. Aut nitrum aut album nasturtium
for a drink by the (patient) fasting. Either natron or white water-cress
frictum , deinde contritum et mixtum cum melle, etiam
toasted, afterwards bruised and mixed with honey, also
delingitur utiliter: que mel, galbanum, terebinthina
is licked (used as a linctus) advantageously : and honey, galbanum, turpentine tree
resina coquuntur simul, et ubi coierunt,
resin are boiled together, and when they have united (come to a proper
ex his, quod habet magnitudinem fabæ, liquatur
consistence), of these, what has the size ofa bean, may be dissolved
quotidie sub linguâ : aut p. )-(..- (sc. pondo vel pondere),
daily under the tongue: or by weight a sixth of denarius = 10 grs.

His communia sunt : quod propter angustias, aut etiam humidis adjuvandus est ; et postea
per quas spiritus evadit, sibilum edit, dolor in vel malagma superimponendum, vel certe
pectore præcordiisque est, interdum etiam in ceratum ex cyprino, vel irino unguento. Su
scapulis, isque modo decedit, modo revertitur ; menda deinde jejuno potui mulsa aqua, cum
ad hæc tussicula accedit. Auxilium est, nisi qua velsit.hyssopus cocta,
aliquid prohibet, in sanguinis detractione. radix Delingitur etiamvelutiliter
contrita
autcapparis
nitrum,
Neque est. est,
id satis
solvendus sed lactealvus,
Liquanda venter
quoqueinterdum aut nasturtium album frictum, deinde con
tritum et cum melle mixtum : simulque co
etiam ducenda : quibus extenuatum corpus quuntur mel, galbanum, resina terebinthina,
commodius.
traherehabendum Caput
autem inspiritum
incipit lecto sublime est : thorax et ubi coierunt, ex his, quod fabæ magnitu
dinem habet, quotidie sub lingua liquatur :
fomentis, cataplasmatisque calidis, aut siccis, aut sulphuris ignem non experti p. ).. =
252 A. CORN. CELSI

sulphuris non experti ignem abrotoni p. )-(.

ofsulphur that has not felt the fire (crude) ofsouthernwood a denarius
teruntur in cyatho vini, que id tepefactum sorbetur. Opinio
are rubbed in a glass of wine, and that made hot is supped. The opinion
etiam est non vana, oportere vulpinum jecur, ubi
even is not idle, that it behooves a fox's liver when
factum est siccum et aridum, contendi que polentam
it has become dry and arid, to be bruised (powdered) and that the powder
ex eo aspergi potioni ; vel pulmonem ejûsdem recentissimum
from it be sprinkled in the drink ; or that the lung ofthe same the freshest
quam assum, sed coctum sine ferro, edendum esse. Præter
possible roasted, but cooked without iron, ought to be eaten. Besides
hæc utendum est sorbitionibus et lenibus cibis ; interdum tenui
these he ought to use gruels and mild foods; sometimes light
austero vino ; nonnunquam vomitu. Quæcunque movent
rough wine ; sometimes vomiting. Whatever things promote
urinam etiam prosunt : sed nihil magis quam lenta ambulatio
the urine also are advantageous : but nothing more than slow walking
pæne usque ad lassitudinem ; multa frictio præcipue inferiorum
almost quite unto lassitude; much friction especially of the lower
partium, vel in sole, vel ad ignem, et per se ipsum,
parts, either in the sun, or at the fire, and by himself,
et per alios, usque ad sudorem .
and by others even unto sweating.
3. Vero exulceratio interdum consuevit esse in interiore parte
But ulceration sometimes has been accustomed to be in the internal part
faucium. In hac plerique utuntur extrinsecus calidis
ofthe fauces. In this most persons use (apply) externally hot
cataplasmatis, que humidis fomentis : volunt etiam calidum vaporem
cataplasms, and moist fomentations : they wish also the hot vapour
recipi ore : per quæ alii dicunt eas partes fieri
to be received in the mouth : by which others say that those parts become
molliores , que opportuniores vitio jam hærenti. Sed,
softer, and more liable to the disease already sticking (to them). But,
si frigus potest bene vitari, illa præsidia tuta : si est metus
if cold can well be avoided, those aids (are) safe: if there is fear
ejûs (sc. frigoris ) , sunt supervacua. Autem perfticare fauces utique est
ofit, they are injurious . But torub thefauces certainly is
periculosum : enim exulcerat. Neque sunt utilia hic
dangerous : for it ulcerates (them). Nor are (thosethings) beneficial
supplendum est per (aut reddi potest), quæ sunt utilia movendæ urinæ ;
byr) which are useful) for exciting the urine ;

abrotoui p. )-(. in vini cyatho teruntur, idque | tium, vel in sole, vel ad ignem, et per se ip
tepefactum sorbetur. ubiEstsiccum opi sum, et per alios,vero
etiam non vana fac- ad sudorem.
nio, vulpinum jecur, et aridum 3. In interiore usquefaucium parte interdum
tum est, contundi oportere, polentamque ex eo exulceratio esse consuevit. In hac plerique ex
potioni aspergi ; vel ejusdem pulmonem quam trinsecus
humidis cataplasmatis
utuntur : volunt calidis,
etiam fomentisque
vaporem cali
recentissimum assum, sed sine ferro coctum,
edendum esse. Præter hæc, sorbitionibus et dum ore recipi : per quæ molliores alii partes
lenibus cibis utendum est ; interdum vino tenui eas fieri dicunt, opportunioresque vitio jam
austero ; nonnunquam vomitu. Prosuntmagis,etiam, hærenti. Sed,: sisibene vitari frigus potest, tuta
quæcunque urinam movent : sed nihil lassitu- illa præsidia metus ejus est, supervacua
quam ambulatio lenta pæne usque ad sunt. Utique autem perfricare fauces pericu
dinem ; frictio multa, præcipue inferiorum par- losum est : exulcerat enim. Neque utilia sunt,
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 253

quia possunt, dum transeunt, quoque extenuare pituitam

because they may, whilst they pass through, also attenuate thephlegm
ibi, quam supprimi est melius. Asclepiades, bonus auctor
there, that which be suppressed is better. Asclepiades, a good author
multarum rerum , quas (nos) ipsi quoque secuti sumus, ait acetum
ofmany things, which we ourselves also havefollowed, says that vinegar
acerrimum quam esse sorbendum ; enim ulcera comprimi
the sharpest possible is to be swallowed ; for that the ulcers are repressed
hoc sine ullâ noxâ. Sed id potest supprimere sanguinem ;
by it without any injury. But that may suppress the blood
potest non sanare ulcera ipsa. Lycium est
(aflow of); it cannot heal the ulcers themselves. Catechu (boxthorn ?) is
melius huic rei ; quod idem auctor quoque æque probat :
better forthis thing (purpose ) ; which the same author also equally approves :
vel succus porri, vel marrubii, vel nuces Græcæ contritæ cum
or thejuice of leek, or ofhorehound, or almonds bruised with
tragacantho et mixtæ cum passo, vel semen lini
tragacanth and mixed with raisin wine, or the seed of the flax plant
contritum et mixtum cum dulci vino. Exercitatio ambulandi que
bruised and mixed with sweet wine. The exercise of walking and
currendi est quoque necessaria : vehemens frictio adhibenda, toti
ofrunning is also necessary: vehement friction to be applied, to the whole
inferiori parti a pectore. Vero cibi debent esse neque
inferior part from the breast (downwards). But the foods ought to be neither
nimium acres neque asperi ; mel lenticula, tragum , lac, ptisana,
too acrid nor rough; honey lentil, foreign wheat, milk, ptisan,
pinguis caro, que præcipue porrum , et quidquid est mixtum
fat meat, and especially leek, and whatever is mixed
cum hoc. Convenit esse quam minimum potionis.
with this. It is proper that there be as little as possible of drink.
Aqua potest dari vel pura, vel in quâ malum cotoneum ve
Water may be given either pure, or in which quince or
palmulæ decoctæ sunt. Quoque lenes gargarizationes : sin hæ
dates have been boiled. Also mild gargles : but if these
proficiunt parum , reprimentes sunt utiles. Hoc genus neque
avail little, the repellent (ones) are useful. This kind neither
est acutum , et potest non esse longum : tamen desiderat
is acute, and may not be (last) long : however it requires
maturam curationem ne lædat vehementer et diu.
a speedy cure lest it injure severely and for a long time.
4. Vero tussis propter exulcerationem faucium est fere
But cough on account of ulceration ofthe fauces is generally

quæ urinæ movendæ sunt ; quia possunt, dum rendique necessaria est : frictio a pectore ve
transeunt, ibi quoque pituitam extenuare, quam hemens toti inferiori parti adhibenda. Cibi
supprimi melius est. Asclepiades multarum vero esse debent neque nimium acres, neque
rerum, quas ipsi quoque secuti sumus, auctor asperi ; mel, lenticula, tragum, lac, ptisana,
bonus, acetum ait quam acerrimum esse sor pinguis
bendum ; hoc enim sine ulla noxa comprimi cum hoccaro, præcipueque
mixtum porrum,
est. Potionis quametminimum
quidquid
ulcera. Sed id supprimere sanguinem potest; esse convenit. Aqua dari potest, vel pura, vel
uicera ipsa sanare non potest. Melius huic rei in qua malum cotoneum, palmulæve decoctæ
lycium est ; quod idem quoque æque probat : sunt. Gargarizationes quoque lenes : sin hæ
vel porri, vel marrubii succus, vel nuces Græcæ parum proficiunt, reprimentes utiles sunt. Hoc
cum tragacantho
vel lini contritæ etetcum
semen contritum cumpasso
dulcimixtæ,
vino genus neque acutum est, et potest esse non
longum curationem tamen maturam, ne ve.
mixtum. Exercitatio quoque ambulandi cur hementer et diu lædat, desiderat.
254 A. CORN. CELSI
molesta quæ contrahitur multis modis. Itaque illis (sc. faucibus) restitutis
troublesome which is contracted in many ways. Therefore they being restored
ipsa (sc. tussis) finitur. Tamen solet interdum habere male
it is terminated. However it is accustomed sometimes to make ill
quoque per se ; et cum facta est vetus vix
also by itself; and when it has become old (chronic) scarcely
eliditur. Ac modo est arida, modo citat pituitam.
is removed. And sometimes it is dry, sometimes itexcites phlegm .
Oportet bibere hyssopum quoque altero die; currere spiritu
It behooves to drink hyssop every other day ; to run the breath
retento, sed minime in pulvere; ac uti vehementi
being retained, but by no means in the dust ; and to practise loud
lectione, quæ primo impeditur a tussi, post vincit eam :
reading, which at first is impeded by the cough, after overcomes it :
tum ambulare, deinde exerceri quoque per manus, et perfricare
then to walk, then to be exercised also by the hands, and to rub
pectus diu : post hæc esse tres uncias
the breast for a long time : after these (things) to eat three ounces
ficus quam pinguissimæ, incoctas super prunam. Præter
offig(8) the mellowest possible, boiled (stewed) upon the fire. Besides
hæc si (tussis) est humida, validæ frictiones, cum quibusdam
these if it is moist, strong frictions, with some
calefacientibus, prosunt, sic, ut caput quoque simul
calefacients, are serviceable, 80, that the head also at the same time
perfricetur vehementer : item cucurbitulæ admotæ pectori ;
be rubbed briskly: likewise cupping-glasses applied to the breast ;
sinapi impositum ex exteriore parte faucibus, donec
mustard applied from the external part (externally) to the fauces, until
leviter exulceret ; potio ex mentha que nucibus Græcis et
it slightly ulcerate ; drink from mint and sweet almonds and
amylo ; que aridus panis assumtus primo, deinde aliquis lenis cibus.
starch ; and dry bread taken at first, then some mild food.
At si tussis est sicca, cum ea urget vehementissime, cyathus
But if the cough is dry, when it troubles , very violently, a glass
austeri vini assumtus adjuvat ; dum id ne fiat amplius
ofrough wine taken relieves ; provided that be not done more (oftener)
quam ter aut quater, aliquo tempore interposito : est
than three or four times, some time (interval) being interposed : it is
item opus devorare paulum optimi quam laseris ; assumere
also necessary to swallow a little ofthe best possible assafœtida ; to take
succum porri vel marrubii ; delingere scillam ; sorbere acetum
thejuice ofleek or ofhorehound ; to lick squills ; to swallow vinegar

4. Tussis vero fere propter faucium exulcera | hæc, si humida est, prosunt frictiones validæ,
tionem molesta est ; quæ multis modis contra cum quibusdam calefacientibus, sic, ut caput
hitur. Itaque, illis restitutis, ipsa finitur. quoque simul vehementer perfricetur : item cu
Solet tamen interdum per se quoque male ha curbitulæ pectori admota ; sinapi ex parte ex
bere ; et vix, cum vetus facta est, eliditur. Ac teriore faucibus impositum, donec leviter ex
modo arida est, modo pituitam citat. Oportet ulceret ; potio ex mentha, nucibusque Græcis
hyssopum altero quoque die bibere ; spiritu et amylo; primoque assumtus panis aridus,
retento currere, sed minime in pulvere ; ac lec deinde aliquis cibus lenis. At si sicca tussis
tione uti
tussi, postvehementi,
eam vincit :quæ
tumprimo : deindea est,
impeditur
ambulare cum ea vehementissime urget, adjuvat vini
austeri cyathus assumtus ; dum ne amplius id,
per manus quoque exerceri, et pectus diu per interposito tempore aliquo, quam ter aut quater
fricare: post hæc quam pinguissimæ ficus un fiat
cias tres, super prunam incoctas, esse. Præter rare opus: item laseris quam optimi paulum devo
est ; porri vel marrubii succum assu
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 255
ex eâ vel certe acre, aut duos cyathos vini cum spicâ allii
from it or at least sharp, or two glasses of wine with a clove ofgarlic
contriti. Peregrinatio etiam est utilis in omni tussi, longa
bruised (in it). Ajourney also is useful in every cough, a long
navigatio, maritima loca, natationes : cibus
sailing (sea voyage), maritime places (situations), swimmings : food
interdum mollis, ut malva, ut urtica ; interdum acer, ut Jac
sometimes soft, as the mallow , as the nettle; sometimes acrid, as milk
coctum cum allio : sorbitiones, quibus laser adjectum sit, aut
boiled with garlic : gruels, to which assafoetida has been added, or
in quibus porrum incoctum tabuerit : sorbile ovum , sulphure
in which leek boiled (in it) has dissolved : a poached egg, sulphur
adjecto : potui primum calida aqua, deinde invicem aliis diebus
being added: for drink first warm water, then by turns on some days
hæc, aliis vinum.
this, on others wine.
5. Aliquis potest magis terreri cum exspuit sanguinem ;
A person may be more terrified (alarmed) when he spits up blood ;
sed id habet modo minus, modo plus periculi.
but that has sometimes less, sometimes more (of) danger.
Exit, modo ex gingivis, modo ex ore :
It goesforth (flows) , sometimes from the gums, sometimes from the mouth:
et quidem ex hoc (ore) interdum etiam copiose, sed sine tussi,
and indeed from this sometimes even copiously, but without cough,
sine ulcere sine ullo vitio gingivarum ; ita ut nihil
without ulcer(ation) without any disease ofthe gums; 80 that nothing
exscreetur : verum prorumpit ex ore, sic ut
is excreted (expectorated) : but breaks forth from the mouth, like as
aliquando ex naribus. Atque interdum sanguis profluit ;
sometimes from the nostrils (nose). And sometimes (pure) blood flows forth;
interdum quiddam simile aquæ quâ recens caro lota est.
sometimes something similar to water in which fresh meat has been washed.
Autem is (sanguis) fertur a summis faucibus, eâ
But it is discharged from the upper (part ofthe) fauces, that
parte modo exulceratâ, modo non exulceratâ ; sed aut
part sometimes being ulcerated, sometimes not being ulcerated ; but either
ore alicujus venæ adaperto, aut quibusdam tuberculis natis,
the mouth ofsome vessel being opened, 01 some tubercles having arisen,
que sanguine erumpente ex his. Quod ubi incidit, neque
and the blood breaking forth from them: Which when it happens, neither
potio aut cibus lædit, neque quidquam exscreatur ut ex
drink or food hurts, nor is any thing expectorated (like) as from

mere ; scillam delingere ; acetum ex ea, vel periculi habet. Exit modo ex gingivis, modo
certe acre sorbere, aut cum spica alii contriti ex ore: et quidem ex hoc interdum etiam co
duos vini cyathos. Utilis etiam in omni tussi piose, sed sine tussi, sine ulcere, sine gingiva
est peregrinatio, navigatio longa, loca ma rum ullo vitio ; ita ut nihil exscreetur : verum
ritima, natationes : cibus interdum mollis, ut ut ex naribus aliquando, sic ex ore prorumpit.
malva, ut urtica ; interdum acer, ut lac cum Atque interdum sanguis profluit, interdum
allio coctum sorbitiones, quibus laser sit ad simile aquæ quiddam, in qua caro recens lota
jectum, aut in quibus porrum incoctum tabu est. Nonnunquam autem is a summis faucibus
erit: ovum sorbile, sulphure adjecto: potni fertur, modo exulcerata ea parte, modo non ex
primum aqua calida, deinde invicem aliis die ulcerata ; sed aut ore venæ alicujus adaperto,
bus hæc, aliis vinum. ant tuberculis quibusdam natis, exque his san
5. Magis terreri potest aliquis, cum sangui guine erumpente. Quod ubi incidit, neque
nem exspuit: sed id modo minus, modo plus lædit potio aut cibus, neque quidquam, ut ex
256 A. CORN. CELSI
ulcere. Vero aliquando, gutture et arteriis
an ulcer. But sometimes, the throat and arteries (tracheal ramifications)
exulceratis, frequens tnssis quoque extundit sanguinem : intendum
being ulcerated, a frequent cough also forces out the blood : sometimes
etiam solet fieri ut feratur aut ex pulmone,
also it is accustomed to happen so that it is discharged either from the lungs,
aut ex pectore, aut ex latere, aut ex jocinore: feminæ, quibus
or from the chest, or from the side, or from the liver: women , to whom
sanguis non respondet per menstrua, sæpe exspuunt
the blood does not answer (flow) by menstruation, often spit (expectorate)
hunc (sanguinem) . Que sunt medici auctores (qui asserunt)
it. And there are medical authors ,
sanguinem exire aliquâ parte vel exesâ, vel
that the blood goes out (is discharged) from some part either being eroded, or
ruptâ, vel ore alicujus venæ patefacto. Appellant primam
broken, or the mouth of some vessel being laid open. They call thefirst
διάβρωσιν (diabrosin ), secundum ῥῆξιν (rexin ), tertiam ἀναστόμωσιν
diabrosis, the second rexis, the third anastomosis.
(anastomosin) . Ultima nocet minime ; prima gravissime.
The last hurts the least ; thefirst most severely (dangerously).
Ac sæpe quidem evenit, uti pus sequatur sanguinem. Autem
And often it even happens, that pus follows the blood. But
interdum (is) qui suppressit sanguinem ipsum, profuit satis
sometimes who has suppressed the blood itself, has contributed sufficient
ad valetudinem. Sed si ulcera secuta sunt, si est
for (the recoveryof) health. But if ulcers have followed, if there is
pus, si tussis, prout est sedes ipsa (sc. morbi) ita genera
pus, if cough, according as is the seat itself so the kinds
morborum sunt varia et periculosa. Vero si sanguis tantum
ofthe diseases are various and dangerous. But if blood only
fluit, et finis et remedium est expeditius.
flows, both the termination and the remedy is (quicker and) easier.
Neque oportet ignorari, mediocre profluvium sanguinis
Nor does it behoove to be ignorant, that a moderate flow of blood
esse non inutile eis, quibus sanguis solet fluere, aut
is not injurious to those, to whom blood is accustomed toflow, or
quibus spina dolet, ve coxæ, aut post vehementem cursum ,
to whom the spine is painful, or the hips, or after violent running,
aut ambulationem, dum febris absit : que id redditum
or walking, provided fever be absent : and that that voided
per urinam quoque solvere lassitudinem ipsam : ac esse ne
by the urine likewise removes lassitude itself: and that it is not

ulcere, exscreatur. Aliquando vero, gutture et nem pus sequatur. Interdum autem, qui san
arteriís exulceratis, frequens tussis sanguinem guinem ipsum suppressit, satis ad valetudinem
quoque extundit : interdum etiam fieri solet, profuit. Sed si secuta ulcera sunt, si pus, si
ut aut ex pulmone, aut ex pectore, aut ex la tussis est, prout sedes ipsa est, ita varia et peri
tere, aut ex jocinore feratur : sæpe feminæ , culosa genera morborum sunt. Si vero sanguis
quibusexspuunt.
sanguis per menstrua non respondet, tantum fluit, expeditius et remedium et finis
hunc Auctoresque medici sunt, veí est. Neque ignorari oportet, eis, quibus fluere
exesa parte aliqua sanguinem exire, vel rupta, sanguis solet, aut quibus spina dolet, coxæve,
vel ore alicujus venæ patefacto. Primam aut post cursum vehementem, vel ambulatio
diáßpaoir, secundam pv, tertiam àvaoтóuwoy nem, dum febris absit, non esse inutile san
appellant. Ultima minime nocet ; prima gra guinis mediocre profluvium : idque per urinam
vissime. Ac saepe quidem evenit, uti sangui redditum ipsam quoque lassitudinem solvere :
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 257

terribile quidem in eo, qui decidit ex superiore loco ;

alarming even in him, who has fallen down from ahigher place
si tamen nihil novavit in ejûs urinâ ; neque
(a height); if however nothing (aliud) has changed in his urine ; nor
vomitum hujûs (sanguinis) afferre periculum etiam cum repetit,
does the vomiting ofit bring danger even though itrecurs,
si licuit ante confirmare et implere corpus : et
if it has been permitted previously to strengthen and fill up the body and
nullum (sc.fluxum) ex toto nocere, qui, in robusto corpore, neque est nimius,
that none at all hurts, which, in a robust body, neither is excessive,
neque movet tussim aut calorem . Hæc pertinent ad
nor provok es cough or heat (feverish heat). These relate to
universum : nunc veniam ad ea loca quæ proposui.
the whole: now I shall come to those places (subjects) which I have proposed
Si exit ex gingivis, manducasse portulacam
(mentioned). If it flows from the gums, to have chewed purslain
est satis. Si ex ore, continuisse merum vinum eo :
is sufficient. If from the mouth, to have retained pure wine in it:
si id proficit parum, acetum . Si quoque inter hæc erumpit
if that benefits little, vinegar. If even during these it breaks out
graviter, quia potest consumere hominem, est commodissimum
severely, because it may waste a person, it is most advantageous
avertere impetum ejus, cucurbitulâ admotâ occipitio, sic ut
to divert the force ofit, by a cupping-glass applied to the occiput, 80 that
cutis quoque incidatur. Si id evenit mulieri, cui menstrua
the skin also be cut. If it happens to a woman, to whom the menses
non feruntur, admovere cucurbitulam eandem
are not discharged, to apply a cupping-glass the same (in like manner)
incisis inguinibus ejûs. At si processit ex faucibus,
to the scarified groins ofher. But if it has proceeded from the fauces ,
ve interioribus partibus, est et major metus et
or the more internal parts, there is both greater fear (danger) and
major cura adhibenda. ;
Sanguis est mittendus et si nihilominus
greater care to be taken. Blood is to be let; and if notwithstanding
processit ex ore, iterum , que tertio, et
it has increased from the mouth, a second, and a third time, and
quotidie aliquid paulum : autem debet protinus
daily something little (small quantity): but he ought immediately
sorbere vel acetum , vel succum plantaginis aut porri cum
to swallow either vinegar, or the juice ofplantain 01° ofleek with
thure ; que succida lana ex aceto est imponenda extrinsecus
frankincense ; and juicy wool from vinegar is to be put externally

ac ne in eo quidem terribile esse, qui ex supe mum est, impetum ejus, admota occipitio cu
riore loco decidit ; si tamen in ejus urina nihil curbitula,
tere. sic, ut cutis
Si id mulieri, quoque incidatur,
cui menstrua aver
non feruntur,
novavit: neque vomitum hujus afferre pericu
lum, etiam cum repetit, si ante confirmare et evenit, eandem cucurbitulam, incisis inguini
implere corpus licuit : et ex toto nullum no bus ejus, admovere. At si ex faucibus, interio
cere, qui in corpore robusto, neque nimius est, ribusve partibus processit, et metus major est,
neque tussim aut calorem movet. Hæc per et cura major adhibenda. Sanguis mittendus
tinent ad universum : nunc ad ea loca, quæ est ; et si nihilominus ex ore processit, iterum
proposui, veniam. Si ex gingivis exit,ore,portu tertioque, et quotidie paulum aliquid : protinus
lacam manducasse satis est. Si ex con autem debet sorbere vel acetum, vel cum thure
tinuisse eo merum vinum : si id parum proficit, plantaginis aut porri succum ; imponendaque
acetum. Si inter hæc quoque graviter erumpit, extrinsecus supra id, quod dolet, lana succida
quia consumere hominem potest, commodissi ex aceto est, et id spongia subinde refrigeran
 258 A. CORN. CELSI
supra id quod dolet, et id refrigerandum subinde spongiâ.
upon that which ispainful, and that to be cooled occasionally with a sponge.
Erasistratus quoque deligabat crura et femora que brachia horum
Erasistratus also used to tie the legs and thighs and arms of them
pluribus locis. Asclepiades proposuit id non prodesse adeo,
in several places. Asclepiades has asserted that it did not benefit in so much,
esse etiam inimicum. Sed experimenta testantur id
that it was even injurious. But experiments (experience) testify that it
sæpe respondere commode. Neque tamen est necesse
often answers advantageously (succeeds). Nor however is it necessary
deligari pluribus locis : sed est sat infra inguina,
that they be tied in many places: but it is sufficient beneath the groins,
et super talos, que summos humeros, etiam brachia. Tum ,
and above the ancles, and the tops of the shoulders, also the arms. Then,
si febris urget, sorbitio est danda, et potui aqua, in quâ
if fever urges, gruel is to be given, and for drink water, in which
aliquid ex iis, quæ adstringunt alvum decoctum sit :
some (one) of those things, which bind the belly has been boiled :
at, si febris abest, vel elota alica, vel panis ex frigidâ
but, if fever is absent, either washed maize, or bread from cold
aquâ, et molle ovum quoque protest dari ; potui vel idem,
water, and a soft egg also may begiven ; for drink, either the same,
quod est scriptum supra, vel dulce vinum, vel frigida aqua. Sed
which is written above , 01' sweet wine, or cold water. But
erit ei bidendum hic ut sciamus
it willbe (for him) to drink here (the drink will be regulated) that we shouldknow
sitim prodesse huic morbo. Præter hæc quies, securitas,
that thirst benefits this disease. Besides these rest, tranquillity,
silentium sunt necessaria. Caput quoque hujûs cubantis
silence are necessary. The head also ofthis person lying down
debet esse sublime ; que tondetur recte. Facies
(of this patient) ought tobe high ; and it is clipped properly. The face
est sæpe fovenda frigidâ aquâ. At vinum , balneum ,
is often to be washed with cold water. But wine, the bath,
venus, oleum in cibo, omnia acria, sunt inimica,
venery, oil in (with) the food, all acrid things, are injurious,
item calida fomenta, calidum et inclusum conclave, multa
likewise warm fomentations, a hot and shut up chamber, many
vestimenta injecta corpori, etiam frictiones. Vero tum incipiendum est
clothes thrown on the body, also frictions. But then we must begin
a brachiis que cruribus, ubi sanguis conquievit ;
from the arms and legs, when the blood has rested (hæmorrhage

dum. Erasistratus horum crura quoque et fe- | dari potest ; potui, vel idem, quod supra scrip
mora brachiaque pluribus locis deligabat. Id tum est, vel vinum dulce, vel aqua frigida. Sed
Asclepiades, adeo non prodesse, etiam inimi- sic bibendum erit, ut sciamus, huic morbo
cum esse proposuit. Sed id sæpe commode sitim prodesse. Præter hæc necessaria sunt
respondere experimenta testantur. Neque ta- quies, securitas, silentium. Caput hujus quo
men pluribus locis deligari necesse est: sed que cubantis sublime esse debet; recteque ton
sat est infra inguina, et super talos, summos- detur. Facies sæpe aqua frigida fovenda est.
que humeros, etiam brachia. Tum, si febris At inimica sunt vinum, balneum, venus, in
urget, danda est sorbitio, et potui aqua, in qua cibo oleum, acria omnia, item calida fomenta,
aliquid ex iis, quæ alvum adstringunt, decoc- conclave calidum et inclusum, multa vesti
tum sit: at, si abest febris, vel elota alica, vel menta corpori injecta, etiam frictiones. Ubi
panis ex aqua frigida, et molle quoque ovum bene sanguis conquievit, tum vero incipiendam
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 259
abstenendum a thorace. In hoc casu est opus
ceased) ; we must refrain from the thorax. In this case there is need of
maritimis locis per hiemem ; mediterraneis
maritime situations during the winter ; (of) merideterranean finland) ones
per æstatem.
during the summer

CAP. V.
CHAP. V.
Morbi Stomachi (" stomachus " œsophagum denotat).
Diseases ofthe Stomach (and oesophagus).
Stomachus subest faucibus ; in quo plura longa
The stomach is under thefauces ; in which many long (tedious)
vitia consuerunt incidere. Nam modo ingens calor afficit
disorders have been accustomed to happen. For sometimes great heat affects
hunc, modo inflatio, modo inflammatio, modo exulceratio :
it, sometimes Alatulency, sometimes inflammation, sometimes ulceration ;
interdum pituita, modo bilis oritur: que frequentissimum
sometimes phlegm, sometimes bile arises : and the mostfrequent
malum ejûs est, quo resolvitur; neque (stomachus) aut
disorder ofit is, (id ) in which it is relaxed ; nor either
afficitur magis ullâ re, aut ulla res afficit corpus.
is it affected more by any thing, or does any thing! affect (magis) the body.
Autem ut vitia ejûs, sic etiam remedia sunt diversa.
But like as the diseases ofit, 80 also the remedies are different.
Ubi exæstuat, est subinde fovendus extrinsecus
When it ispiercing hot, it is occasionally to be bathed externally
aceto cum rosâ ; que pulvis cum oleo imponendus ; et
with vinegar with rose oil ; and powder with oil to be put on (applied) ; and
ea cataplasmata quæ, simul, et reprimunt et emolliunt.
those cataplasms which, at the same time, both repress and soften.
Gelida aqua, nisi quid obstat, præstanda potui.
Ice cold water, unless something prevents (contraindicates), to be given for drink.
Si est inflatio, cucurbitulæ admotæ prosunt; neque est
If there is flatulence, the cupping-glasses (being) applied benefit ; nor is it
necesse incidere cutem : sicca et calida fomenta, sed non
necessary to incise the skin : dry and hot fomentations, but not
vehementissima prosunt. Abstinentia est interponenda. Potio
very vehement (strong) benefit. Abstinence is to be interposed. A drink
absinthii, aut hyssopi, aut rutæ in jejuno est utilis.
ofwormwood, or hyssop, or rue in (while) fasting is serviceable.

est a brachiis, cruribusque ; a thorace absti tur,

ejus,autsiccorpus
etiam afficit.
remediaDiversa
sunt. autem, ut vitia
Ubi exæstuat,
nendum. In hoc casu per hiemem, locis mari aceto cum rosa extrinsecus subinde fovendus
timis ; per æstatem, mediterraneis opus est.
est ; imponendusque pulvis cum oleo ; et ea
CAP. V. Stomachi Morbi.- FAUCIBUS subest cataplasmata, quæ simul et reprimunt, et
stomachus
consuerunt.; inNamquo plura
modo longa
ingensvitia
calor,incidere
modo emolliunt. Potui, nisi quid obstat, gelida
aqua præstanda. Si inflatio est, prosunt ad
inflatio hunc, modo infiammatio, modo exul motæ cucurbitulæ ; neque incidere cutem ne
ceratio afficit : interdum pituita, interdum bilis cesse est : prosunt sicca et calida fomenta, sed
oritur: frequentissimumque ejus malum est, non
est. vehementissima.
Utilis in jejunoInterponenda abstinentia
potio est absinthii, aut
quo resolvitur ; neque ulla re magis aut affici
 260 A. CORN. CELSI
Exercitatio primo lenis, deinde major, est adhibenda ; que
Exercise atfirst gentle, afterwards strong, is to be applied (used) ; and
maxime quæ moveat superiores partes : quod genus est
especially (that) which may move the upper parts : which kind is
aptissimum in omnibus vitiis stomachi. Post exercitationem
mostfit in all (ofthe) diseases of the stomach. After exercis e
est opus unctione, frictione ; balneo quoque nonnunquam, sed
there is need of unction, friction ; the bath also sometimes , but
rarius; interdum ductione alvi ; deinde calidis cibis, neque
more rarely; sometimes clystering ; afterwards warm food, and not
inflantibus ; que eodem modo calidis potionibus, primo aquæ,
inflating; and in the same manner warm drinks, at first ofwater,
post, ubi inflatio resedit, austeri vini. Illud quoque
afterwards, when theflatulence has subsided, of rough wine. This also
est præcipiendum in omnibus vitiis stomachi, ut, quo
is to be directed in all the diseases ofthe stomach, that, by whatever
modo quisque æger refecerit se, utatur eo
management each patient have recovered himself, he use that (the same)
sanus : nam sua imbecillitas redit huic, nisi bona valetudo
when healthy: for his weakness returns to him, unless (his) good health
defenditur iisdem quibus reddita est. At
is defended (preserved) by the same (means) by which it (has been) was restored. But
si est aliqua inflammatio, quam tumor et dolor fere
if there is any inflammation, which swelling and pain commonly
sequitur, quies et abstinentia, sulphurata lana circumdata, absinthium
follows, rest and abstinence, sulphurated wool applied round, wormwood
in jejuno sunt prima. Si ardor urget stomachum,
while fasting are the first things. If a burning heat troubles the stomach,
est fovendus subinde aceto cum rosâ: deinde quidem
it is to be bathed occasionally in vinegar with rose oil: then indeed
utendum est modicis cibis ; vero quæ simul
he must use moderate foods (spare diet) ; but what at the same time
et reprimunt et emolliunt imponenda extrinsecus : deinde,
both repel and soften (are) to be applied externally : afterwards,
his detractis, utendum calidis cataplasmatis ex farinâ, quæ
these being removed, he must use warm cataplasms of meal, which
digerant reliquias : alvus ducenda interdum : exercitatio
may discuss the remains: the belly tobe clystered sometimes : exercise
adhibenda, et plenior cibus. At si exulceratio infestat stomachum,
to be used, and afuller diet. But if ulceration infests the stomach,
fere eadem, quæ præcepta sunt in exulceratis.
nearly the same things, which have been directed in exulcerated (ulceration of the)

hyssopi, aut rute. Exercitatio primo lenis, | bona valetudo, quibus reddita est. At si in
deinde major adhibenda est ; maximeque, quæ flammatio aliqua est, quam fere tumor et dolor
superiores partes moveat : quod genus in omni- sequitur, prima sunt quies et abstinentia, lana
bus stomachi vitiis aptissimum est. Post ex- sulphurata circumdata, in jejuno absinthium.
ercitationem opus est unctione, frictione : bal- subinde
Si ardorfovendus
stomachum rosa
neo quoque nonnunquam, sed rarius ; interdum est:urget,
deindeaceto cumquidem
cibis
alvi ductione ; cibis deinde calidis, neque in- utendum est modicis ; imponenda vero extrin
flantibus ; eodemque modo calidis potionibus, secus quæ simul et reprimunt et emolliunt:
primo aquæ, post, ubi resedit inflatio, viní deinde, his detractis, utendum calidis ex farina
austeri. Illud quoque in omnibus stomachi cataplasmatis, quæ reliquias digerant : inter
vitiis præcipiendum
que æger refecerit, eoest, ut, quo modonamredit
sanusutatur: se quis- cibus
dum alvus ducenda
plenior. At :siadhibenda
exulceratioexercitatio,
stomachum et
huic imbecillitas sua, nisi iisdem defenditur infestat, eadem fere facienda sunt, quæ in fau
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 261
faucibus, sunt facienda. Exercitatio, frictio inferiorum partium
fauces, are to be done. Exercise , friction of the lower parts
adhibenda; lenes et glutinosi cibi adhibendi, sed citra
to be applied ; mild and glutinous food to be used, but on thisside (shortof)
satietatem ; omnia acria et acida removenda ; si est
satiety ; all acrid and acid things to be removed (avoided) ; if there is
non febris, utendum dulci vini, aut, si id inflat, certe
not (no) fever, he ought to use sweet wine, or , if that inflates , at least
leni ; sed neque præfrigido, neque nimis calido. Vero si
mild (light); but neither very cold , nor too hot. But if
stomachus impletur pituitâ, vomitus modo in jejuno
the stomach isfilled with phlegm, vomiting sometimes while fasting,,
modo post cibum, est necessarius : exercitatio, gestatio, navigatio,
sometimes after food, is necessary: exercise, gestation, navigation,
frictio, utilis : nihil edendum que bibendum, nisi
friction, (is) serviceable : nothing to be eaten and drank, unless (it be)
calidum ; iis tantum vitatis, quæ consuerunt contrahere
warm ; those things only being avoided, which have been used to contract
pituitam . Est molestius si stomachus est
(generate or accumulate) phlegm. It is more troublesome if the stomach is
vitiosus bile. Autem ii, qui tentantur sic, solent,
disordered with bile. But they, who are affected thus, are accustomed,
quibusdam diebus interpositis, vomere hanc, et quidem, quod est
some . days being interposed, to vomit it, and indeed, what is
pessimum, atram. His alvus recte ducitur: potiones ex
the worst, black. In these the belly properly is clystered : drinks of
absinthio dantur ; gestatio, navigatio est necessaria ; si potest
wormwood aregiven ; gestation, sailing is necessary; if it can
fieri, vomitus ex nauseâ ; cruditas vitanda ; cibi
be done, vomiting from nausea (of sea sickness) ; crudity to be avoided ; food
faciles concoctu et non alieni stomacho sumendi, austerum
easy (of digestion and not disagreeable to the stomach to be taken, rough
vinum . Vero vulgatissimum que pessimum vitium stomachi est
wine. But the most common and the worst disease of the stomach is
resolutio, id est, cum est non tenax
relaxation, that is, when it is not tenacious (capable ofretaining)
cibi, que corpus solet desinere ali, que sic
ofthefood, and the body is accustomed to cease tobe nourished, and thus
consumi tabe. Balneum est inutilissimum huic generi ;
to be wasted by consumption. The bath i8 very hurtful to this kind ;
lectiones, que exercitationes superioris partis necessariæ; item
readings, and exercises ofthe upper part necessary; likewise

cibus exulceratis præcepta sunt. Exercitatio, ii, qui sic tentantur, interpositis quibusdam
; adhi
frictio inferiorum partium adhibenda satieta atram hanc, etHis
diebus,vomere. recte quod
quidem, pessimum
alvus ducitur est,
: poti
bendi lenes et glutinosi cibi, sed citra
tem; omnia acria atque acida removenda ; ones ex absinthio dantur : necessaria gestatio,
vomi
vino, si febris non est, dulci, aut, si id inflat, navigatio
tus: vitanda si fieri potest,
est ;cruditas ex nausea
: sumendi cibi faciles et
certe
que nimis calido. ; Sisedvero
leni utendum neque præfrigido,
pituita ne
stomachus stomacho non alieni, vinum austerum. Vulga
impletur, necessarius modo in jejuno, modo post tissimum vero pessimumque stomachi vitium
utilis exercitatio, gestatio,
cibum vomitus est : nihil est resolutio, id est, cum cibi non tenax est,
navigatio, frictio : edendum, bibendum soletque desinere ali corpus, ac sic tabe con
que, nisi calidum ; vitatis tantum iis, quæ sumi. Huic generi inutilissimum balneum
pituitam contrahere consuerunt. Molestius est, est : lectiones, exercitationesque superioris
si stomachus bile vitiosus est. Solent autem partis necessariæ : item unctiones, frictiones
262 A. CORN. CELSI
unctiones, que frictiones. Est salutare his, perfundi frigidâ
unctions, and frictions. It is salutary for these, to be affused with cold
sc. aquâ, atque natare in eâdem ; subjicere etiam stomachum ipsum
water, and to swim in the same ; to subject even the stomach itself
canalibus ejusdem, et magis etiam id quod est contra stomachum
to pipes ofthe same, and more still that which is opposite the stomach
a scapulis ; consistere in frigidis que medicatis fontibus, quales
from the shoulders ; to stand in cold and medicinal springs, such as
sunt Cutiliarum que Sumbruinarum. Cibi quoque sunt assumenti
are (those) of Cutilia and Sumbruinæ. The foods also are to be taken
frigidi, qui coquuntur difficulter potius quam qu ) vitiantur facile
cold, which are cocted difficultly rather than whati are corrupted easily
Ergo, plerique, qui possunt concoquere nihil aliud, coquunt
Therefore, most persons, who can digest nothing else, digest
bubulam. Ex quo potest colligi neque avem neque
beef. From which it may be collected that neither a bird (birds) nor
venationem neque piscem, nisi durioris generis, debere dari.
game nor fish, unless ofthe harder kind, ought to be given.
Frigidum vinum quidem est aptissimum potui, vel certe meracum
Cold wine indeed is " thefittest for drink, or indeed pure
bene calidum, potissimum Rheticum , vel Allobrogicum, ve
pretty warm, especially the Rhetic, or Allobrogic (Savoy wine), or
aliud, quod est et austerum et conditum resinâ ; si id
any other, which is both rough and seasoned with resin ; if that
est non asperrimum quam, que maxime Signinum. Si
is not (to be had) the roughest possible, and especially Signine. If
cibus non continetur, aqua est danda, que plenior vomitus
the food is not retained, water is to be given, and fuller vomiting
eliciendus, que cibus dandus iterum ; et tum cucurbitulæ
to be elicited, and food to be given again ; and then the cupping-glasses
admovendæ duobus digitis infra stomachum, que continendæ
to be applied two fingers' breadth below the stomach, and to be retained
ibi duabus aut tribus horis. Si simul est et
there (kept on) fortwo or three hours. If at the same time there is both
vomitus et dolor, succida lana est imponenda supra stomachum, vel
vomiting and pain, juicy wool is to be placed over the stomach, or
spongia ex aceto, vel cataplasma quod refrigeret : vero
a sponge out of vinegar, or a cataplasm which can cool : but
brachia et crura perfricanda, non diu sed vehementer,
the arms and legs (are) to be rubbed, not for a long time but briskly,
et calefacienda. Si est plus doloris utendum est
and to be heated. If there is more (of) pain we must use (apply)

que. His perfundi atque in eadem na calidum, meracum, potissimum Rheticum, vel
tare : canalibus ejusdem subjicere etiam stoma Allobrogicum, aliudve, quod et austerum et
chum ipsum, et magis etiama scapulis id quod resina conditum est ; si id non est, quam as
contra stomachum est ; consistere in frigidis, perrimum, maximeque Signinum. Si cibusnon
medicatisque fontibus, quales Cutiliarum Sum continetur, danda aqua, et eliciendus plenior
bruinarumque sunt, salutare est. Cibi quoque vomitus est, iterumque dandus cibus ; et tum
assumendi sunt frigidi, qui potius difficulter admovendæ duobus infra stomachum digitis
cucurbitulae, ibique duabus aut tribus horis
coquuntur, quam facile vitiantur. Ergo pleri
que, qui nihil aliud concoquere possunt, bu continendæ sunt. Si simul et vomitus, et dolor
bulam coquunt. Ex quom,colligi potest, neque est, imponenda supra stomachum est lana suc
avem, neque venatione neque piscem dari cida, vel spongia ex aceto, vel cataplasma,
debere, nisi generis durioris. Potui quidem quod refrigeret : perfricanda vero non diu, sed
aptissimum est vinum frigidum, vel certe bene vehementer brachia et crura, et calefacienda.
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 263
cucurbitulâ quatuor digitis infra præcordia ; et panis
the cupping-glass four fingers below the præcordia ; and bread
dandus protinus ex poscâ si non continuit,
to be given immediately from diluted vinegar if it has not retained,
post vomitum aliquid leve ex iis, quæ sunt non
after the vomiting something light from those things, which are not
aliena stomacho : si ne tenuit quidem id, singli cyathi
disagreeable to the stomach : if it not has retained even that, single glasses
vini, singulis horis interpositis, donec stomachus
of wine, single hours (one hour) being interposed (to be taken) until the stomach
consistat. Succus radiculæ etiam est valens medicamentum :
become quiet. Thejuice of horseradish also is a powerful medicine :
valentius, succus acidi Punici mali, cum pari modo
a stronger, (th the juice of the acid Pomegranate, with an equal measure
succi qui est ex dulci Punico malo, succo intubi etiam
ofthejuice which is from the sweet Pomegranate, thejuice of endive also
adjecto, et menthæ, sed minimâ parte hujus ; quibus
being added, and of mint, but the smallest proportion of the latter ; with which
tantundem frigidæ, quantum est in omnibus his, miscetur
so much (of) cold water, as there is in all these, is mixed
quam optime. Enim id potest plus quam vinum ad
the best possible. For that is able (avails) more than wine to
comprimendum stomachum. Autem vomitus qui venit
restrain (compose) the stomach. But the vomiting which has comeon
per se, est supprimendus, etsi est nausea. Sed si
by itself, is to be suppressed, although there is nausea. But if
cibus coacuit. aut computruit, intus, utrumlibet quorum
the food has soured, or become putrid, within, either ofthe two of which
ructus ostendit, est ejiciendus ; que stomachus protinus
eructation shews, it is to be ejected ; and the stomach immediately
restituendus, iisdem cibis assumtis, quod proposui proxime.
to be restored, the same foods being taken, which I mentioned lastly (just now).
Ubi præsens metus sublatus est, redeundum est ad ea, quæ
When the present alarm has been removed, he must return to those things, which
præcepta sunt supra.
have been ordered above.

Si plus doloris est, infra præcordia quatuor quibus tantundem, quantum in his omnibus
digitis cucurbitula utendum est; et protinus est, aquæ frigidæ quam optime miscetur. Id
dandus panis ex posca frigida : si non conti enim plus quam vinum ad comprimendum sto
nuit, post vomitum leve aliquid ex iis, quæ non machum potest.
est, qui per Supprimendus
se venit, etsi nauseaautemvomitus
est. Sed si
aliena stomacho sint : si ne id quidem tenuit,
singuli cyathi vini, singulis interpositis coacuit intus cibus, aut computruit, quorum
donec stomachus consistat. Valens etiamhoris,
me utrumlibet ructus ostendit, ejiciendus est ;
dicamentum est, radiculæ succus : valentius, protinusque, cibis assumtis
ime posui, stomachus íisdem, quos
restituendus. Ubiprox
sub
acidi Punici mali, cum pari modo succi, qui
ex dulci Punico malo est, adjecto etiam intubi latus est præsens metus, ad ea redeundum est,
succo, et menthæ, sed hujus minima parte ; quæ supra præcepta sunt.
264 A. CORN. CELSI

CAP. VI.
CHAP. VI.

Dolores Laterum.
Pains of the Sides.
Stomachus cingitur lateribus ; atque in his quoque
The stomach is surrounded by the sides; and in these also
vehementes dolores consuerunt esse. Et initium
violent pains have been accustomed to be (arise). And thebeginning
est vel ex frigore, vel ex ictu, vel ex nimio
is either from cold, or from a blow, or from too much
cursu, vel ex morbo : sed interdum id malum est intra
running, or from disease: but sometimes that disease is within (limited to)
dolorem, que is solvitur modo tarde, modo celeriter ;
pain, and it is removed sometimes slowly, sometimes quickly;
interdum quoque procedit ad pernicien, que acutus morbus,
sometimes also it proceeds to destruction, and an acute disease,
qui nominatur πλευριτικὸς (pleuriticus ) a Græcis, oritur. Huic
which is named pleuritic by the Greeks, arises. To this
dolori lateris accedit et febris et tussis ; et per hanc (tussim)
pain ofthe side is added both fever and cough ; and by (during) thelatter
pituita, exscreatur, si morbus est tolerabilis ; si gravis, sanguis.
phlegm, is expectorated, if the disease is tolerable ; if severe, blood.
Interdum etiam tussis est sicca, quæ emolitur nihil : que id
Sometimes also the cough is dry, which brings up nothing: and that
est gravius primo vitio, tolerabilius secundo. Vero
is more severe than thefirst disease, more tolerable than the second. But
sanguis missus est remedium magni et recentis doloris. At sive
blood being let is theremedy (of) for a violent and recent pain. But if
casus est levior sive vetustior, id auxilium est vel supervacuum
the case is slighter or older, that remedy is either superfluous
vel serum ; que confugiendum est ad cucurbitulas, summâ
or late ; and we must have recourse to the cupping-glasses, the surface
cute incisâ ante. Sinapi etiam ex aceto recte
ofthe skin being cut previously. Mustard also from vinegar is properly
imponitur super pactus, donec excitet ulcera que pustulas ; et
put upon the breast, until it excite ulcers and pustules ; and
tum medicamentum quod citet humorem illur. Præter
then a medicine which can excite (draw) the humour thither. Besides

CAP. VI.-Laterum Dolores. -STOMACHUS la si gravis, sanguis. Interdum etiam sicca tussis
teribus cingitur ; atque in his quoque vehe est, quæ nihil emolitur : idque primo vitio
mentes dolores esse consuerunt. Et initium gravius, secundo tolerabilius est. Remedium
vel ex frigore, vel ex ictu, vel ex nimio cursu, vero est magni et recentis doloris, sanguis
vel ex morbo est : sed interdum id malum missus. At, sive levior, sive vetustior casus
intra dolorem est, isque modo tarde, modo est, vel supervacuum, vel serum id auxilium
celeriter solvitur ; interdum ad perniciem est ; confugiendumque ad cucurbitulas est,
quoque procedit,
πλευριτικός oriturque
a Græcis acutus Huic
nominatur. morbus, qui
dolori ante summa cute incisa. Recte etiam sinapi ex
aceto super pectus imponitur, donec ulcera
lateris, febris et tussis accedit : et per hanc pustulasque excitet ; et tum medicamentum,
exscreatur, si tolerabilis morbus est, pituita ; quod humorem illuc citet. Præter hæc, cir
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 265
hæc oportet primum cirdare latus hapso
these things it behooves at first to surround the side with a handful
sulphuratæ lanæ: deinde, cum inflammatio remisit se
ofsulphurated wool: afterwards, when the inflammation has remitted itself
paulum, uti siccis et calidis fomentis. Ab his transitus est
a little, to use dry and hot fomentations. From these the change is
ad malagmata, Si dolor remanet vetustior,
to plastic compositions. If the pain remains (continues) more obstinate,
discutitur novissime resinâ impositâ. Utendum calidis cibis
it is removed lastly by resin being put on. He must use warm foods
que potionibus ; frigus vitandum : inter hæc est non alienum
and drinks ; cold (is) to be avoided : during these it is not improper
perfricare extremas partes oleo et sulphure. Si tussis
to rub the extreme parts with oil and sulphur. If the cough
levata est, uti leni lectione ; que jam assumere et acres
has been relieved, to use gentle reading ; and now to take both acrid
cibos, et meracius vinum. Quæ præcipiuntur a medicis, ut
foods, and purer wine. Which are directed by physicians, though
tamen, herba trixago epota ex aquâ, sine his,
however, the herb elephant's head drank out of water, without these,
satis adjuvet nostros rusticos. Hæc sunt communia in omni
sufficiently relieves our peasants . These are common in every
dolore lateris : est plus negotii si is quoque
pain ofthe side : it is more ofa business (difficult) if that also
factus est acutus morbus. In hoc præter ea, quæ
has become an acute disease. In this (case) besides those things, which
possia sunt supra, hæc sunt animadvertenda : ut cibus
have been stated above, these (thefollowing) are to be observed : that the food
sit quam maxime tenuis et lenis, que præcipue sorbitio, que ea
be as much as possible thin and mild, and especially gruel, and that
potissimum ex ptisanâ, aut jus in quo porrus cum pullo
chiefly of ptisan, or broth in which leek with a coop
gallinaceo coctus sit ; que id quoque detur non nisi
chicken hasbeen boiled ; and that also should be given not except (until)
tertio die, si, tamen, licebit per vires : vero
(on) the third day, if, however , it shall be permitted by the strength : but
potui aqua mulsa, in quâ hyssopum, aut ruta decocta sit.
for drink hydromel, in which hyssop, or rue has been boiled.
Quæ quibus temporibus sint danda apparebit ex
Which at what times they are to be given will appear from
ratione febris vel adauctæ vel levatæ, sic, ut
the consideration of the fever either increased or abated, 80, that

cumdare primum oportet latus hapso lana herba trixago satis adjuvet. Hæc in omni
sulphurata : deinde, cum paulum inflammatio lateris
est, dolorequoque
si acutus communia sunt
morbus is :factus
plus est.
negotii
In
se remisit, siccis et calidis fomentis uti. Ab
his transitus
dolor ad malagmata
remanet, novissime est.
resinaSi vetustior
imposita hoc, præter ea, quæ supra posita sunt, hæc
discutitur. Utendum cibis potionibusque ca animadvertenda sunt: præcipueque
ut cibus sit quam
maxime tenuis et lenis, sorbitio,
lidis : vitandum frigus : inter hæc tamen non eaque ex ptisana potissimum, aut jus in quo
alienum est extremas partes oleo et sulphure porrus cum pullo gallinaceo coctus sit ; idque
perfricare. Si levata tussis est, leni lectione non nisi tertio quoque die detur, si tamen per
uti ; jamque et acres cibos, et vinum meracius vires licebit : potui vero aqua mulsa, in qua
assumere. Quæ a medicis præcipiuntur, ut hyssopum, aut ruta decocta sit. Quæ quibus
tamen sine his rusticos nostros epota ex aqua temporibus danda sint, ex ratione vel adauctæ,
N
 266 A. CORN. CELSI
dentur in quam maximâ remissione : cum eo tamen,
they be given in the very greatest remission : with this (proviso) however,
ut sciamus fauces non committendas esse
that we should know that the fauces (essent) not to be suffered to be
aridas tussi ejûs generis : enim sæpe, ubi est nihil
parched in a cough of that kind: for often, when there is nothing
quod exscreetur, continuatur, et strangulat. Ob quam
which can be expectorated, it is continued, and suffocates. For which
causam dixi id genus tussis quod moveret nihil
reason I have said that that kind of cough which evacuated nothing
esse pejus, quam quod moveret pituitam. Sed hic morbus
was worse, than (that) which \brought up phlegm . But here the disease
ipse non patitur sorbere vinum , ut præcepimus supra :
itself does not suffer to swallow wine, a8 we have ordered above :
cremor ptisanæ est sumendus in vicem ejûs. Autem ut æger
the cream ofptisan is to be taken in the place ofit. But as the patient
est sustinendus his in fervore ipso morbi, sic ubi
is to be supported by these things in the fever itself ofthe disease, so when
is remisit se, paulum pleniora alimenta, et aliquid vini
it has remitted itself, a little fuller aliments (diet), and some wine
quoque potest dari ; dum nihil detur quod aut
also may be given : provided that nothing be given which either
refrigeret corpus, aut asperet fauces. Si tussis manserit
can cool the body, or irritate thefauces. If the cough should continue
in refectione quoque, oportebit intermittere uno die ; que
in the recovery also, it will behoove to intermit for one day; and
postero, assumere, cum cibo paulo plus vini. Atque
on the following, to take with thefood a little more (of) wine. And
tussi quoque incipiente, tum non erit alienum, ut positum est
the cough even beginning, then it will not be improper, as has been stated
supra quoque, sorbere cyathos vini : sed in hoc genere
above aiso, to drink (some) glasses ofwine : but in this kind
valetudinis dulce, vel certe lene est commodius. Si
of disease sweet, 01 at least light (wine) is more suitable. If
malum inveteravit, corpus est firmandum athletico
the disease has inveterated, the body is to be strengthened by athletic
victu.
(invigorating) diet.

vel levatæ febris apparebit, sic, ut in remis . | menta pleniora, et vini quoque aliquid dari
sione quam maxima dentur : cum eo tamen, potest ; dum nihil detur, quod aut refrigeret
ut sciamus, non esse ejus generis tussi aridas corpus, aut fauces asperet. Si in refectione
fauces committendas : sæpe enim, ubi nihil quoque manserit tussis, intermittere oportebit
et strangulat. uno die ; posteroque, cum cibo vini paulo plus
est,quodexscreetur, continuatur,pejus
Ob quam causam dixi etiam id genus assumere. Atque incipiente quoque tussi, tum
moveret. Sed hic vinum sorbere, utpituitam
esse tussis, quod nihil, quam quod supra non erit alienum, ut supra quoque positum
est, vini cyathos sorbere : sed in hoc genere
præcepimus, morbus ipse non patitur : in vi valetudinis, dulce, vel certe lene commodius
cem ejus, cremor ptisanæ sumendus est. Ut est. Si malum inveteravit athletico victu
his autem in ipso morbi fervore sustinendus corpus firmandum est.
æger est, sic, ubi paulum is se remisit, ali
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 267

CAP. VII.
CHAP. VII.
Morbi Viscerum.
Diseases of the Viscera. •
Transeundum est (sc. nobis) a compagine corporis ad viscera,
We must pass from the frame ofthe body to the viscera,
et in primis veniendum ad pulmonem ; ex quo
and in (among) the first we must come to thelungs; from which
vehemens et acutus morbus oritur, quem Græci vocant
a violent and acute disease arises, which the Greeks call
περιπνευμονικὸν (peripneumonikon ). Hæc est conditio
peripneumonic. This (thefollowing) is the condition
ejûs : totus pulmo afficitur : tussis, trahens bilem
(nature) of it: the whole lung is affected : cough, bringing up bile
vel pus, subsequitur hunc casum ejûs (sc. pulmonis),
or pus, follows (as the consequences of) this misfortune ofit,
que gravitas præcordiorum que totius pectoris,
and (also) a (sense of) weight ofthe præcordia and ofthe whole breast,
difficultas spiritûs ; magnæ febres, continua vigilia, fastidium
difficulty ofbreathing ; violent fevers, continued watching, loathing
cibi, tabes. Id genus morbi habet plus periculi quam
offood, consumption. That kind of disease has more (of) danger than
doloris. Oportet, si vires sunt satis validæ,
(of) pain. It behooves, if the strength are sufficiently strong,
mittere sanguinem : sin minores admovere cucurbitulas sine
to let blood : but if less (not) to apply cupping-glasses without
ferro præcordiis : tum, si valet satis,
the scarificator to the præcordia : then, if he is able sufficiently (ifhe can bear it),
digere ægrum gestando : si parum , tamen dimovere
to dissipate (reduce) the patient by carrying : if not, still to move(him)
intra domum. Autem dare potionem hyssopi, cum quo arida ficus
within the house. But to give a drink ofhyssop, with which a dry fig
sit incocta ; aut aquam mulsam in quâ vel hyssopum vel ruta
has been boiled ; or hydromel in which either hyssop Or rue
decocta sit : uti frictione diutissime in scapulis, proxime ab
has been boiled : to use friction very long on the shoulders, next after
his in brachiis et pedibus et cruribus, leniter contra pulmonem ;
these on the arms and feet and legs, gently opposite the lungs ;
que facere id bis quotidie. Vero quod pertinet ad cibum ,
and to do that twice daily. But what (as) relates to food,

CAP. VII. - Viscerum Morbi. -A COMPAGINE validæ vires sunt, sanguinem mittere : sin mi
corporis ad viscera transeundum est, et in nores, cucurbitulas sine ferro præcordiis ad
primis ad pulmonem veuiendum ; ex quo vehe movere. Tum, si satis valet, gestando ægrum,
mens et acutus morbus oritur, quem reperverμo digerere : si parum, intra domum tamen di
vov Græci vocant. Ejus hæc conditio est: movere. Potionem autem hyssopi dare, cum
pulmo totus afficitur: hunc casum ejus subse quo ficus arida sit incocta; aut aquam mul
quitur tussis, bilem vel pus traheus, præcor sam, in qua vel hyssopum vel ruta decocta sit:
diorum totiusque pectoris gravitas, spiritus frictione uti diutissime in scapulis, proxime ab
difficultas, magnæ febres, continua vigilia, his in brachiis et pedibus et cruribus, leniter
eibi fastidium, tabes. Id genus morbi plus contra pulmonem : idque bis quotidie facere.
periculi, quam doloris, habet. Oportet, si satis Quod ad cibum vero pertinet, huic nec salsis
N2
268 A. CORN. CELSI
huic est (pro habet) opus nec salsis, neque acribus, neque
he (the patient) has need of neither salt, nor acrid, nor
amaris (sc. cibis) , neque adstringentibus alvum , sed paulo lenioribus.
bitter, nor (those) astringing the belly, but a little milder.
Ergo primis diebus sorbitio est danda , ptisanæ, vel
Therefore on the first days gruel is to be given, ofptisan, or
alicæ, vel oryzæ cum quâ (sorbitione) recens ade cocta sit :
ofmaize, or ofrice with which fresh fat has been boiled :
cum hac, sorbile ovum, pinei nuclei ex melle, panis vel elota
with this, a poached egg, pine nuts outof honey, bread or washed
alica ex aqua mulsa : deinde potui, non solum pura aqua, sed
maize out of hydromel : afterwards for drink, not only pure water, but
etiam aqua mulsa egelida, aut, si est æstas, etiam frigida ; nisi
also hydromel lukewarm, or, if it is summer, even cold ; unless
quid obstat. Autem est satis dare hæc
any thing opposes (contraindicates.) But it is sufficient to give these
quoque altero die morbo increscente : ubi constitit in
every other day (while) the disease (is) increasing : when it has stopped in
incremento, abstinendum est (sc. ægro), quantum res
the increase (is at a stand-still), he must refrain, 80far as the thing
patitur, ab omnibus, præterquam egelidâ aquâ. Si vires
permits, from all, except lukewarm water. If the strength
desunt, sunt adjuvandæ aquâ mulsâ. Que calida
are failing, they are to be assisted (supported) by hydromel. And hot
fomenta, vel ea, quæ simul et reprimunt et
fomentations, or those, which at the same time both repel and
emolliunt, imposita prosunt adversus dolores : bene contritus sal,
soften, put on are advantageous against the pains: well bruised salt,
mixtus cerato , impositus super pectus prodest ; quia leviter
mixed with cerate, put on over the breast benefits; because it slightly
erodit cutem , que evocat impetum materiæ eo
erodes the skin, and calls away (diverts) the impetus ofthe matter from that
quo pulmo vexatur. Aliquod malagma ex iis, quæ
by which the lung is troubled. Any plaister of those things, which
trahunt materiam est etiam utile. Neque est alienum,
draw the humour (cause a derivation) is also useful. Nor is it improper,
dum morbus premit continere ægrum fenestris
whilst the disease presses (is most urgent) to keep thepatient with the windows
clausis : ubi levatus est paulum, recipere parvum aërem ter
shut : when it has been abated a little, to admit a little air three
aut quater die, fenestris apertis aliquantum .
or four times in the day, by the windows being opened somewhat (a little).

opus est, neque acribus, neque amaris, neque egelida. Si vires desunt, adjuvandæ sunt aqua
alvum adstringentibus, sed paulo lenioribus. mulsa. Prosuntque adversus dolores imposita
Ergo primis diebus danda est sorbitio ptisana, calida fomenta, vel ea, quæ simul et reprimust
vel alicæ, vel oryzæ, cum qua recens adeps et emolliunt : prodest impositus super pectus
cocta sit : cum hac, sorbile ovum, nuclei pinei sal bene contritus, cum cerato mixtus ; quia
ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa : leviter cutem erodit, eoque impetum materiæ,
potui deinde non solum pura aqua, sed etiam quo pulmo vexatur, evocat. Ütile etiam ali
mulsa egelida, aut, si æstas est, etiam frigida ; quod malagma est ex iis, quæ materiam tra
nisi quid obstat. Hæc autem altero quoque hunt. Neque alieuum est, dum premit mor
die, increscente morbo, dare satis est : ubi in bus, clausis fenestris ægrum continere : ubi
incremento constitit, quantum res patitur, ab paulum levatns est, ter aut quater die, fenestris
omnibus abstinendum est, præterquam aqua aliquantum apertis, parvum aërem recipere.
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 269
Deinde in refectione abstinere a vino pluribus diebus ;
Then in (during) the recovery to abstain from wine for several days ;
uti gestatione, frictione ; adjicere sorbitionibus et prioribus cibis,
to use gestation, friction ; to add to the gruels and the former foods,
ex oleribus porrum , ex carne ungulas, et summa trunculorum ,
from the vegetables leek , from flesh the hoofs, and the tops ofthe pettitoes,
atque pisculos, sic ut nihil nisi molle et lene sumatur
and smallfishes, 80 that nothing unless soft and mild be taken
diu.
for a long time.

CAP. VIII.
CHAP. VIII.
Hepatici Morbi.
Hepatic
Morbus quoque alterius visceris, id est, jocinoris, æque
The disease also of another viscus, that is, of the liver, in like manner
consuevit esse modo longus, modo acutus : Græci
has been accustomed to be sometimes chronic, sometimes acute: the Greek
vocant ἡπατικὸν (hæpaticon ). Est vehemens dolor sub præcordiis
call it hepatic. There is violent pain under the præcordia
dextrâ parte; que idem pervenit ad dextrum latus, et
on the right side ; and the same comes (extends) to the right side, and
ad jugulum que humeru m ejusdem lateris : nonnunquam
to the throat (clavicle) and the shoulder ofthe same side : sometimes
dextra manus quoque torquetur ; est validus horror ; ubi est
the right hand also is pained ; there is strong shivering ; when it is
male, bilis evomitur : singultus interdum prope strangulat. Et
badly, bile is vomited up: hiccup sometimes almost suffocates. And
hæc quidem sunt morbi acuti. Vero sunt signa
these indeed are (the signs) ofthe disease (when) acute. But they are signs)
longioris (sc. morbi ubi est suppuratio in jocino re ; que
ofa more chronic form when there is suppuration in the liver ; and
dolor modo finitur, modo intend itur ; præcordia
the pain sometimes is terminated, sometimes is increased ; the præcordia
dextrâ parte sunt dura et tument ; difficultas spiritûs est
on the right side are hard and swell; the difficulty ofbreathing is
major post cibum ; quædam resolutio maxillarum accedit.
greater after food ; a kind of resolution (palsy) of the jaws comes on.

Deinde in refectione pluribus diebus a vino ab vehemens dolor est ; idemque ad latus dex
stinere; gestatione, frictione uti ; sorbitionibus trum, et ad jugulum, humerumque partis ejus
et prioribus cibis adjicere, ex oleribus porrum, dem pervenit : nonnunquam manus quoque
ex carne ungulas, et summa trunculorum, dextra torquetur ; horror validus est; ubi male
atquesumatur.
lene pisciculos, sic, ut diu nihil nisi molle et est, bilis evomitur : interdum singultus prope
strangulat. Et hæc quidem acuti morbi sunt.
Longioris vero, ubi suppuratio in jocinore est ;
CAP. VIII.-Hepatici.-ALTERIUS quoque vis dolorque modo finitur, modo intenditur ; dex
ceris morbus, id est, jocinoris, æque modo lon tra parte præcordia dura sunt, et tument ; post
gus, modo acutus esse consuevit : аTIKOV cibum major spiritus difficultas est ; accedit
Græci vocant. Dextra parte sub præcordiis maxillarum quædam resolutio. Ubi invetera
270 A. CORN. CELSI
Ubi malum inveteravit, venter et crura que pedes intumescunt ;
When the disorder has inveterated, the belly and legs and feet swell ;
pectus atque humeri, que pars circa utrumque jugulum
thebreast and arms, the about both collar-bone (clavicle)
extenuatur. Initio mittere sanguinem est optimum : tum venter
is emaciated. In the beginning tolet blood is best: then the belly
est solvendus, si potest nou aliter, per nigrum veratrum :
is to be relaxed, if it can not otherwise, by black hellebore :
cataplasmata, primum quæ reprimant, deinde calida, quæ diducant,
cataplasms, at first which can repel, then hot, which can disperse,
imponenda extrinsecus ; quibus iris vel absinthium adjicitur recte
are to be applied externally ; to which iris or wormwood is added rightly :
post hæc, malagma. Vero sorbitiones sunt dandæ, que omnes
after these, a plaister. But gruels are to be given, and all
cibi et calidi, et qui non alunt multum, et fere
thefoods both warm, and which do not nourish much, and forthe mostpart
qui quoque conveniunt dolori pulmonis ; que præter eos
which also agree with pain ofthelung (peripneumony) ; and besides those
(cibi) qui movent urinam, que potiones efficaces ad id. Thymum ,
which promote the urine, and drinks efficacious for that purpose. Thyme,
satureia, hyssopum, nepeta, amylum, sesamum, baccæ lauri,
satyrion, hyssop, catmint, starch, seseame, the berries of laurel,
flos pini, sanguinalis herba, mentha, medium ex
the flower ofthe pine, bloodwort, mint, the middle (pulp) from
cotoneo malo, recens et crudum jecur columbæ sunt utilia in hoc
the quince apple, thefresh and crude (raw) liver of apigeon are useful in this
morbo ex quibus licet esse quædam per se, adjicere quædam
disease: of which it is permitted to eat some by themselves, to add some
vel sorbitioni vel potioni ; sic tamen, ut assumantur parce.
either to the gruel or to the drink ; so however, that they be taken sparingly.
Neque est absinthium contritum ex melle et pipere alienum, que
Nor is wormwood bruised with honey and pepper improper, and
devorare catapotium ejûs quotidie. Abstinendum est (sc. ægro)
to swallow apill of it daily. He must abstain
utique ab omnibus frigidis : enim neque ulla res lædit
especially from all cold things: for neither does any thing hurt
jecur magis. Utendum frictionibus in extremis partibus :
the liver more. He must use frictions on the extreme parts :
omnis labor vitandus, omnis vehementior motus : spiritus
all labour is to be avoided, all more vehement motion : the breath
quidem est ne continendus diutius. Ira, trepidatio, pondus, ictus,
even is not tobe kept in long. Anger, trepidation, weight, blow,

vit malum, venter et crura pedesque intume morbo sunt thymum, satureia, hyssopum, ne
scunt ; pectus atque humeri, circaque jugulum peta, amylum, sesamum, lauri baccæ, pini flos,
utrumque extenuatur. Initio sanguinem mit herba sanguinalis, mentha, ex malo cotoneo
tere optimum est : tum venter solvendus est, medium, columbæ jecur recens et crudum : ex
si non potest aliter, per nigrum veratrum : quibus quædam per se esse, quædam adjicere
imponenda extrinsecus cataplasmata, primum vel sorbitioni vel potioni licet ; sic tamen, ut
quæ reprimant, deinde calida, quæ diducant ; parce assumantur. Neque alienum est, absin
quibus recte iris vel absinthium adjicitur : post thium contritum ex melle et pipere, ejusque ca
hæc, malagma. Dandæ vero sorbitiones sunt, tapotium quotidie devorare. Abstinendum uti
omnesque cibi, et calidi, et qui non multum que est ab omnibus frigidis : neque enim res
alunt, et fere qui pulmonis quoque dolori con ulla magis jecur lædit. Frictionibus utendum
veniunt ; præterque
potionesque eos, qui urinam
ad id efficaces. Utilia movent,
in hoc in extremis
omnis partibus
vehementior : vitandus
motus omnis quidem
: ne spiritus labor,
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 271
cursus, sunt inimica. Perfusio corporis ex multâ
running, are injurious. Pouring over (affusion) ofthe body with much
aquâ, si est hiems calidâ ; si æstas tepidâ,
water, if it is winter hot; ( t) summer tepid, prodest :
benefits :
if
item liberalis unctio, et sudor in balneo. Vero si
likewise liberal anointing, and sweating in the bath. But if
jecur aborat vomicâ, eadem sunt facienda, quæ
the liver suffers from a vomica, the same things are to be done, which (are done)
in ceteris interioribus suppurationibus. Quidam etiam aperiunt
in the other internal suppurations. Some even open (make an
contra id scalpello, et adurunt vomicam
opening) opposite it with a scalpel, and burn (cauterize) the vomica
ipsam.
itself..

CAP. IX.
CHAP. IX.
Lienosi.
Splenetic (Persons).
At lienis, ubi affectus est, intumescit, que simul cum
But the spleen, when it has been affected, swells, and together with
eo (sc. liene) sinistra pars ; que ea (pars) est dura, et renititur
it, the left side ; and it is hard, and resists
prementi : venter est intentus : etiam est aliquis
(any thing) pressing: the belly is stretched (tense) : also there is some
tumor cruribus ; ulcera aut non sanescunt omnino, aut
swelling in thelegs ; ulcers eit her do not heal at all, or
certe vix recipiunt cicatricem : est dolor et
at least scarcely admit of ix
a cicatr (cicat riz ati on ): there is pain and
quædam difficultas in intentâ ambulatione que cursu . Quies auget hoc
some difficulty in brisk wal kin g and running . Rest increases this
vitium : itaque est opus exercitatione et labore ; ratione
disease : therefore there is need of exercise and labour ; care
tamen habitâ, (ut) ista si processerint nimium,
however being taken, that these things if they should proceed (be carried) toofar,
ne excitent febrem. Unctiones, que frictiones, et sudores
do not excite fever. Inunctions, and frictions, and sweatings
sunt necessarii. Omnia dulcia sunt inimica ; item lac
are necessary. All sweet things are prejudicial ; likewise milk

diutius continendus est. Ira, trepidatio, pon intumescit, simulque cum eo pars sinistra ;
dus, ietus, cursus, inimica sunt. Perfusio cor eaque dura est, et prementi renititur : venter
poris multa prodest ex aqua, si hiems est, ca intentus est : aliquis etiam cruribus tumor est :
lida; si estas, tepida : item liberalis unctio, et ulcera aut omnino non sanescunt, aut certe
in balneo sudor. Si vero jecur vomica laborat, cicatricem vix recipiunt : in intenta ambula
eadem facienda sunt, quæ in ceteris interiori tione cursuque dolor et quædam difficultas est
bus suppurationibus. Quidam etiam contra id Hoc vitium quies auget: itaque exercitatione
scalpello aperiunt, et ipsam vomicam adurunt. et labore opus est ; habita tamen ratione, ne
febrem ista, si nimium processerint, excitent.
CAP. IX.-Lienosi.-AT lienis ubi affectus est, Unctiones, frictionesque, et sudores necessarii
 272 A. CORN. CELSI
et casens : autem acida conveniunt maxime. Ergo
and cheese : but acid things suit most (best) ofall. Therefore
expedit sorbere acre acetum per se, et etiam magis, quod
it is proper to drink sharp vinegar by itself, and still more, (that) which
conditum est scilla . Salsamenta, vel oleæ ex durâ
hasbeen seasoned (mixed) with squills. Salt fish, or olives from hard
muriâ, sunt edenda ; lactucæ tinctæ in aceto,
(strong) brine, are to be eaten ; lettuces steeped in vinegar, and que
intubi ex eodem; betæ ex sinapi, asparagus, armoracia,
endives from the same; beet with mustard, asparagus, horseradish,
pastinaca, ungulæ, rostra, macræ aves, venatio ejusdem generis.
parsnip, the hoofs, the cheeks, lean birds, game ofthe same kind.
Vero incoctum absinthium debet dari
But boiled wormwood (decoction of) ought to be given to the jejuno, (patient) fasting,
potui : at post cibum aqua a ferrario fabro, in quâ
for drink: but after food water from a smith's forge, in which
candens ferrum tinctum sit subinde : enim hæc vel
hot iron has been dipped (extinguished ) frequently : for this
animadversum even
præcipue coercet lienem. Quod est in iis
specially contracts the spleen. Which has been observed in those
animalibus quæ, educata apud hos fabros, habent exiguos lienes
animals which, brought up with those smiths, have .
small spleens.
Tenue, austerum, vinum etiam potest dari ; que omnia in cibis et
Thin, rough, wine also may be given ; and all things in foods and
potionibus quæ sunt supple utilia movendæ urinæ. Que vel
drinks which are suitable a) for promoting the urine. And either
semen trifolii (Psoralea bituminos a) vel cuminum præcipue valet ad
the seed oftrefoil or cumin is especially available for
id, vel apium, vel serpyllum, vel cytisus, vel portulaca, vel nepeta,
that, or parsley, or thyme, or cytisus, or purslain, or catmint,
vel thymum, vel hyssopum , vel satureia . enim hæc videntur
or thyme,, or hyssop, or satyrion : for these seem
commodissime educere humorem inde. Bubulus lienis quoque
most conveniently to draw out the humour from thence. An ox's
spleen also
datur utiliter esui ; que eruca, et nasturtium præcipue
isgiven advantageously for eating; and basil, and water-cresses specially
extenuant lienem. Quæ levent sunt
attenuate (reduce) the spleen. Those things which ease are quoque imponenda
also to be applied
extrinsecus. Fit ex unguento, quod Græci vocant
from without (externally). It is made from an ointment, which the Greeks call
μυροβάλανον (murobalanon ), et palmulis : fit
and ex semine
dates: it is made from the seed
sunt. Du.cia omnia inimica sunt ; item lac et libus, quæ apud hos fabros educata exiguos
caseus : acida autem maxime conveniunt. Er lienes habent. Potest etiam dari vinum tenue,
go acetum acre per se sorbere, et magis etiam, auster omniaque sunt potionibus,
quod scilla conditum est, expedit.
sunt salsamenta, vel oleæ ex muriaEdenda dura ;
um ; movend
quæ urinæ æ in .cibis et ueque
Præcip ad id
tinctæ in aceto lactuca, intubique ex eodem, valet vel trifolii semen, vel cuminum, vel
betæ ex sinapi, asparagus, armoracia, pasti apium, vel serpyllum, vel cytisus, hyssop
vel portu
naca, ungulæ , rostra, aves macræ, ejusdem laca, vel nepeta, vel thymu m, vel um,
jejuno dari debet vel satureihumore
a: hæc enim inde commodissime
generis
absinthium incoctuPotui
venatio. m : atvero cibum subinde
postferrum aqua a
videntu r m educere. Lienis
bubulus utiliter esui datur ; præcip uequequoque
eruca
ferrario fabro, in qua candens et nasturtium lienem extenuant. Imponenda
tinctum sit : hæc enim vel præcipue lienem quoque extrinsecus sunt, quæ levent. Fit ex
coërcet. Quod animadversum est in iis anima unguento et palmulis, quod uopoßáλarov Græci
N3
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 273
lini et nasturtii, quo vinum et oleum adjicitur ;
ofthe flaxplant and water-cress, with which wine and oil is added (is
fit ex viridi cupresso et aridâ ficu : fit ex
mixed) ; it is made of green cypress and dried fig : it is made of
sinapi, cui quarta pars ponderis hircini sevi a reuibus
mustard, to which a fourth part ofthe weight ofgoat's suet from the kidneys
adjicitur, que teritur in sole, et imponitur protinus. Que
is added, and it is rubbed in the sun, and is applied immediately. And
cappari est aptum huic rei multis modis: nam est commodum
capers is fit for this thing in many ways: for it is advantageous
et assumere ipsum cum cibo, et sorbere muriam ejûs
both to take itself with the food, and to swallow the pickle of it
cum aceto. Quin etiam, expedit imponere extrinsecus contritam
with vinegar. Moreover, it is useful to apply externally the bruised
radicem vel corticem ejûs cum furfuribus , aut cappari ipsum
root or the bark of it with bran, or the caper itself
contritum cum melle. Malagmata quoque aptantur
bruised with honey. Plastic compositions (plaisters) also are suited
huic rei.
for this thing.

CAP. X.
CHAP . X.
Morbi Renum .
Diseases of the Kidneys.
At ubi renes sunt affecti habent male diu. Est
But when the kidneys are affected they make ill along time. It is
pejus si frequens biliosus vomitus accedit. Oportet conquiescere ;
worse if a frequent bilious vomiting comes on. It behooves to rest quiet ;
cubare molliter : solvere alvum : etiam ducere si non
to lie softly: to relax the belly : even to clyster it if it does not
respondet aliter : sæpe desidere in calidâ aquâ : assumere neque
answer otherwise: frequently to sit down in hot water : to take neither
cibum neque potionem frigidam : abstinere ab omnibus salsis, acribus,
food nor drink cold: to abstain from all salt, sharp,
acidis, pomis : bibere liberaliter : adjicere modo cibo ,
acid (things), apples: to drink freely: to add sometimes to thefood,
modo potioni, piper, porrum , ferulam , album papaver, quæ
sometimes to the drink, pepper, leek , assafœtida, white poppy, which

vocant: fit ex lini et nasturtii semine, quo

oleum adjicitur: fit ex cupresso
vinum etficu: viridi , CAP. X.-Renum Morbi.- AT renes ubi affecti
et arida fit ex sinapi, cui sevi hircini a sunt, diu male habent. Pejus est, si frequens
renibus quarta pars ponderis adjicitur, teritur biliosus vomitus accedit. Oportet conquies
que in sole, et protinus imponitur. Multisque cere : cubare molliter : solvere alvum; si aliter
est : nam et ip
modis huic rei cappari aptummuriam non respondet, etiam ducere : sæpe desidere in
et
assumere, est.
sum cum cibocommodum ejus cum aqua calida : neque cibum, neque potionem
aceto sorbere Quin etiam ex frigidam assumere : abstinere ab omnibus sal
trinsecus radicem contritam, vel corticem ejus sis, acribus, acidis, pomis : bibere liberaliter :
cum furfuribus, aut ipsum cappari cum melle adjicere modo cibo, modo potioni piper, por
contritum imponere expedit. Malagmata quo rum, ferulam, album papaver, quæ maxime
que huic rei aptantur. inde urinam movere consuerunt. Auxilio quo
274 A. CORN. CELSI
Y
maxime consuerunt movere urinam inde (sc. e renibus).
most of all have been accustomed to excite the urine from thence.
Sexaginta semina cucumeris, corticibus detractis, duodecim
Sixty seeds ofthe cucumber, with the rinds peeled off (blanched) , twelve
nuclei ex silvestre pinu, anisi quod possit sumi tribus
nuts from the wood pine, ofanise what may be taken by three
digitis, paulum croci, contrita et divisa in duas potiones
fingers, alittle (of) saffron, bruised and divided into two draughts
mulsi, quoque sunt (pro afferunt) auxilio his (sc. renibus : Dativ.
ofhoneyed wine, also bring relief to these
duplex) exulceratis, si ulcera sunt adhuc purganda. Vero
(when) ulcerated, if the ulcers are as yet to be cleansed. But
si dolor est tantum levandus, triginta semina cucumeris ejûsdem,
if pain is only to be relieved, thirty seeds ofcucumber the same,
viginti nuclei iidem (sc. ex pinu silvest.), quinque nuces Grecæ, paulum
twenty nuts the same , five almonds, a little
croci , contrita et data cum lacte potui. Ac super hæc
saffron, bruised and given with milk for drink. And besides ( these
quædam malagmata quoque injiciuntur recte ; que maxime ea
some plaisters also are applied properly; and especially those
(malagmata ) quæ sunt idonea extrahendo humori.
which are proper for drawing out the humour.

CAP . XI.
CHAP. XI.

Morbi Intestinorum.
Diseases of the Intestines.

Veniendum est (nobis) a visceribus ad intestina, quæ sunt

We must come from the viscera to the intestines, which are
obnoxia et acutis et longis morbis. Que primo, mentio choleræ
subject both to acute and chronic diseases. And first, mention of cholera
est facienda ; quia id potest videri commune vitium
is to be made ; because that may seem a common disease
stomachi atque intestinorum. Nam est et
(the disease equally) of the stomach and ofthe intestines. For there is both
dejectio et vomitus simul : que præter hæc est inflatio,
purging and vomiting at the same time : and besides these there is flatulence,

que hissunt,
ganda exulceratis sunt,semina
cucumeris si adhuc pur ciuntur
ulceracorti
detractis
; maximeque ea, quæ humori extra
hendo sunt.
cibus sexaginta, nuclei ex pinu silvestri duo
decim, anisi quod tribus digitis sumi possit, CAP. XI.-Intestinorum Morbi.- A VISCERIBUS
croci
divisa.paulum, contrita
doloret in duas mulsi potiones ad intestina veniendum
Si vero tantum levandus est, et longis morbis obnoxia.est, Primoque
quæ sunt et acutis
facienda
ejusdem cucumeris semina triginta, iidem nu mentio est cholerae ; quia commune id stoma
clei viginti,
lulum, nuces
contrita et Græcæ
cum lactequinque,
potui croci
data. pauAc chi
Namatque
simulintestinorum vomitusvideri
et dejectio et vitium potest.
est : præter
super quoque recte quædam malagmata injique hæc inflatio est, intestina torquentur, bilis
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 275
intestina torquentur, bilis erumpit supra que infra, primum
the intestines are pained, bile breaks out upwards and downwards, atfirst
similis aquæ, deinde ut recens caro videatur
like to water , afterwards so that fresh meat (raw beef) seems
lota esse in eâ (sc aquâ), interdum alba, nonnunquam nigra,
to havebeen washed in it, sometimes white, sometimes black,
vel varia. Ergo Græci eo nomine, nominarunt
or various. Therefore the Greeks on that account (for this reason), have named
hunc morbum χολέραν (choleran ). Vero præter ea quæ sunt
this disease cholera. But besides those things which are
comprehensa supra, crura que manus etiam sæpe contrahuntur,
comprehended above, the legs and hands also often are contracted (convulsed),
sitis urget, anima deficit : quibus concurrentibus, est
thirst troubles, life fails (fainting comes on) : which concurring, it is
non mirum, si quis moritur subito. Neque tamen
not wonderful, if a person dies suddenly. Nor however
succurritur (impers, a nobis) ulli morbo minori
is it assisted to any disease (nor is any disease relieved) with less
momento. Ergo protinus, ubi ista cœperunt,
moment (difficulty). Therefore immediately, when those (symptoms) have begun,
oportet bibere quam plurimum, tepidæ aquæ, et vomere.
it behooves to drink as much as possible, of warm water, and tovomit.
Vix unquam vomitus non sequitur sic ; sed
Scarcely ever vomiting does not follow thus (this treatment); but
etiamsi non incidit (sc, vomitus), tamen miscuisse novam
although it does not happen, yet to have mixed the new
materiam corruptæ, prodest ; que est pars sanitatis
matter with the corrupted, benefits ; and it is a part ofhealth (a step towards
vomitum suppressum esse, Si id incidit protinus
recovery) that the vomiting has been suppressed. If that happens immediately
abstinendum est (sc. ægro) ab omni potione. Vero si est
he must refrain from every (kind of) drink. But if there are
tormina, oportet fovere stomachum frigidis et humidis fomentis
gripes, it behooves to bathe the stomach with cold and humid 1 fomentations
fomentum significat; vel sí venter dolet, iisdem egelidis,
any thing laid on thepart ;, or if the belly is in pain, with the same lukewarm,
sic, ut, venter ipse juvetur mediocriter
80, that, the belly itself be assisted (relieved) (with things) moderately
calentibus. Quod si et vomitus, et dejectio, et sitis vexant
heating (warm). But if both vomiting, and purging, and thirst trouble
vehementer, et quæ vomuntur sunt adhuc subcruda, tempus est nondum
vehemently, and what are vomited are as yet (still) crudish, the time is not yet

supra infraque erumpit, primum aquæ similis, tus sequitur ; sed etiamsi non incidit, miscuisse
deinde ut in ea recens caro lota esse videatur, tamen novam materiam corruptæ prodest; pars
interdum alba, nonnunquam nigra, vel varia. que sanitatis est, vomitum esse suppressum.
Ergo eo nomine morbum huncquæxoxipav
supraGræci Si id incidit,
est. protinus
nominarunt. Præter com ab omnisunt,
potione absti
ea vero, nendum Si vero tormina oportet fri
prehensa sunt, sæpe etiam crura manusque gidis et humidis fomentis stomachum fovere ;
contrahuntur, urget sitis, anima deficit : qui- vel, si venter dolet, iisdem egelidis, sic, ut
bus concurrentibus, non mirum est, si subito venter ipse mediocriter calentibus juvetur.
quis moritur.
momento Neque tamen
succurritur. ulli morbo
Protinus minori
ergo, ubi ista Quod vexant,
sitis si vehementer et vomitus,
et adhuc subcrudaet dejectio,
sunt, quæet
cœperunt, aquæ tepidæ quam plurimum bibere vomuntur, nondum vino maturum tempus est :
oportet, et vomere. Vix unquam sic non vomi- aqua, neque ea ipsa frigida, sed potius egelida
276 A. CORN. CELSI
maturum vino: aqua est danda, neque ea ipsa frigida,
mature (seasonable) for wine : water is to be given, nor that itself cold,
sed potius egelida : que pulegium ex aceto est admovendum
but rather lukewarm : and pennyroyal with vinegar is to be applied
naribus, vel polenta aspersa vino, vel secundam naturam
to the nostrils, or barley-meal sprinkled with wine, or accordingto the nature
Sc. casus mentha est admovenda. At cum cruditas
(the habits, &c . mint is (to be applied. ) But when the crudity
discussa est, tum est magis verendum, ne anima deficiat .
has been removed, then it is more to be feared, lest life fail
Ergo tum confugiendum est ad vinum .
(fainting come on). Therefore then we must have recourse to wine.
Oportet id esse tenue, odoratum , mixtum cum frigidâ
It behooves that that be thin, scented (aromatic), mixed with cold
aquâ ; vel expedit assumere polentâ adjectâ, vel melle
water ; or it is proper to take it with barley-meal added, or with honey
quoque : que quoties aut stomachus aut venter effudit
also : and as often as either the stomach or belly has poured forth
aliquid, toties restituere vires per hæc
(discharged) any thing, so often to restore the strength by these (sc. auxilia.) means.
Erasistratus dixit potionem esse primo aspergendam
Erasistratus has said that the drink was atfirst to be sprinkled (mixed)
tribus aut quinis guttis vini ; deinde paulatim merum adjiciendum.
with three or five drops ofwine ; then by degrees pure wine to be added.
Is, si et dedit vinum ab inito, et secutus est
He, ifhe both gave wine from the beginning, and followed (entertained)
metum cruditatis potiusne metus cruditatis secutus est ? fecit non
thefear of crudity thefear ofcrudity followed? acted not
sine causâ : si putavit vehementem infirmitatem
without a cause (without reason) : if he thought that urgent weakness (debility)
posse adjuvari tribus guttis, erravit. At si homo est. inanis,
could be assisted by three drops, he erred. But if theperson is empty,
et ejûs crura contrahuntur, potio absinthii est interponenda.
and his legs are contracted, apotion of wormwood is to be interposed.
Si extremæ partes corporis frigent, sunt ungendæ calido oleo
If the extreme parts ofthe body are cold, theyare to be anointed with warm oil
cui paulum ceræ adjectum sit, que nutriendæ calidis fomentis.
to which a little wax has been added, and to be cherished by hot fomentations.
Si quies ne facta est quidem sub his cucurbitula
If ease has not been caused even under these (means) a cupping-glass
est admovenda extrinsecus contra ventriculum ipsum , aut sinapi
is to be applied externally against (over) the stomach itself, or mustard

danda est : admovendumque naribus est pule- | adjiciendum. Is, si et ab initio vinum dedit,
gium
menthaexsecundum
aceto, velnaturam
polentaest.
vino Ataspera,
cum dis-vel et metum
fecit : si cruditatis
vehementemsecutus est, non sine
infirmitatem causa
adjuvari
cussa cruditas est, tum magis verendum est, posse tribus guttis putavit, erravit. At si
ne anima deficiat. Ergo tum confugiendum inanis est homo, et crura ejus contrahuntur,
est ad vinum. Id esse oportet tenue, odoratum, interponenda potio absinthii est. Si extremæ
cum aqua frigida mixtum ; vel polenta adjecta, partes corporis frigent, ungendæ sunt calido
vel melleautquoque
aliquid assumere
stomachus, expediteffudit,
aut venter : quotiesque oleo, cui ceræ
toties fomentis paulum sit
nutriendæ. Si adjectum,
ne sub hiscalidisque
quidem
per hæc vires restituere. Erasistratus primo quies facta est, extrinsecus contra ventriculum
tribus vini guttis, aut quinis aspergendam po- ipsum cucurbitula admovenda est, aut sinapi
tionem esse dixit ; deinde paulatim merum superimponendum. Ubi is constitit, dormire
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 277

superimponendum. Ubi is (ventriculus) constitit, oportet

to be applied upon it. When it has (become) composed, it behooves
dormire : postero die, utique, abstinere a potione :
(him) to sleep : on the following day, moreover, to abstain from drink:
tertio die ire in balneum : paulatim reficere se cibo :
on thethird day to go into the bath : gradually to recruit himself with food .
quisquis adquiescit facile (reficere se) somno ; que item lassitudine et frigore.
whosoever rests easily by sleep; and also from lassitude and cold.
Si febricula manet post choleram suppressam , est necessarium
If feverishness continues after the cholera (being) suppressed, it is necessary
alvum duci : tum utendum est cibis que vino.
that the belly be clystered: then he ought to use foods and wine.

CAP. XII.
CHAP. XII.
Coeliacus Morbus.
Cœliac Disease.
Sed hic morbus quidem et est acutus, et versatur sic inter
But this disease indeed also is acute, and is 80 between
intestina que stomachum, ut possit non facile dici cujûs partis
the intestines and stomach , that it cannot easily be said of which part
sit potissimum . Vero is consistit in portâ ventriculi
it is chiefly. But it stops (is seated) in the gate (pylorus) of the stomach
ipsius, et qui (morbus) consuevit esse longus: nominatur
itself, and which has been accustomed tobe long: it is named
a Græcis κοιλιακὸς (koiliakos ). Sub hoc venter indurescit , que
by the Greeks cœliacus. During it the belly grows hard, and
est dolor ejûs (sc. ventris) : alvus reddit nihil, ac ne
there is pain of it: the belly voids nothing, and does not
transmittit quidem spiritum : extremæ partes frigescunt : spiritus
transmit even air: the extreme parts grow cold: the breath
redditur difficulter. Est commodissimum inter initia imponere
is rendered difficultly. It is most suitable at the beginning to apply
calida cataplasmata toti ventri, ut leniant dolorem : vomere
warm cataplasms to the whole belly, that they may mitigate the pain: to vomit
post cibum, atque ita exinanire ventrem : deinde proximls diebus
after food, and thus to empty the belly : then on the next days
admovere cucurbitulas sine ferro ventri et coxis :
to apply the cupping-glasses without the scarificator to the belly and hips :

oportet: postero die utique a potione abstinere : partis sit, non facile dici possit. In ipsius vero
die tertio in balneum ire : paulatim se cibo re ventriculi porta consistit is, qui et longus esse
ficere: somno quisquis facile adquiescit ; item consuevit : osλianos a Græcis nominatur. Sub
que
choleram febriculafrigore.
lassitudine et manet, Sialvum
post suppressam
duci neces hoc venter indurescit, dolorque ejus est : alvus
nihil reddit, ac ne spiritum quidem transmittit :
sarium est ; tum cibis vinoque utendum est. extremæ partes frigescunt : difficulter spiritus
redditur. Commodissimum est inter initia ca
CAP. XII.-Coeliacus
et acutus est, Morbus.-
morbus SED hic quidem lida cataplasmata toti ventri imponere, ut do
et inter intestina stoma lorem leniant : post cibum vomere, atque ita
chumque versatur sic, ut, cujus potissimum ventrem exinanire : proximis deinde diebus cu
 278 A. CORN. CELSI

liquare ventrem ipsum lacte dato, et salso vino, frigido ; si

to loosen the belly itself by milk beinggiven, and salt wine, cold ; if
tempus anni patitur, etiam viridibus ficis ; sic tamen,
the time oftheyear (season) permits, also by green figs; 80 however,
ne quis aut cibus, aut humor detur universus, sed
that not any either (neither) food, or liquid be given whole (all at once), but .
paulatim. Ergo est sat sumere binos ve ternos cyathos per
- by degrees. Therefore it is sufficient to take two 01 three glasses at
intervalla temporis, et cibum pro portione hujus : que cyathus
intervals oftime, and food in proportion (of) to this: and a cup
aquæ mixtus cyatho lactis, et sic datus, facit commode :
of water mixed with a cup ofmilk, and 80 given, does suitably(answers
que inflantes (?) et acres cibi sunt utiliores ; adeo ut
well): and inflating and sharp foods are more useful ; 80 that
contritum allium quoque adjiciatur recte lacti. Vero
bruised garlic even may be added properly to the milk. But
tempore procedente, est opus gestari ; que maxime navigare ;
time proceeding, it is necessary to be carried; and especially to sail ;
perfricari ter aut quater die, sic ut nitrum (sodæ
to be rubbed three or fourtimes in the day, 80 that natron
carbonas) adjiciatur oleo ; perfundi calidâ aquâ post cibum ;
be added to the oil; to be affused with hot water after food ;
deinde imponere sinapi per omnia membra (sc. corporis), capite
then to apply mustard over all the parts, the head
excepto, donec (corpus) arrodatur et rubeat ; que maxime si
being excepted, until it be corroded and grow red ; and especially if
corpus est durum et virile ; deinde transitus est
the body is hard (firm) and manly; afterwards a transition (change) is
faciendus paulatim ad ea quæ comprimunt alvum .
to be made by degrees to those things which compress (bind) the belly.
Assa caro, valens, et quæ non facile corrumpatur, danda :
Roasted meat, strong, and which cannot easily be corrupted, (is) to be given:
vero potui pluvialis aqua decocta, sed quæ bibatur per binos
but for drink rain water boiled, but which may be drank by two
ve ternos cyathos. Si vitium est vetus, oportet
or three glasses (full at a time). If the disease is old, it behooves
devorare optimum quam laser ad magnitudinem piperis :
to swallow the best possible assafoetida to the size ofa (whole) pepper:
quoque altero die bibere vinum vel aquam : interdum sorbere
on every other day to drink wine or water : sometimes to drink
singulos cyathos vini, cibo interposito : infundere ex inferiori
single glasses of wine, food being interposed : to inject from the lower

curbitulas sin ferro ventri et coxis admovere : trum leo adjiciatur; perfundi aqua calida
ventrem ipsum liquare dato lacte, et vino salso, post cibum ; deinde sinapi imponere per omnia
frigido ; si tempus anni patitur, etiam viridi membra, excepto capite, donec arrodatur et
bus ficis ; sic tamen, ne quis aut cibus, aut hu rubeat; maximeque si corpus durum et virile
mor universus detur, sed paulatim. Ergo per est : paulatim deinde faciendus est transitus
intervalla temporis sat est cyathos binos ter ad ea, quæ ventrem comprimunt. Assa caro
nosve sumere, et cibum pro portione hujus : | danda, valens, et quæ non facile corrumpatur :
commodeque facit cyatho lactis cyathus aquæ potui vero, pluvialis aqua decocta, sed quæ per
mixtus, et sic datus : cibique inflantes et acres binos ternosve cyathos bibatur. Si vetus vitium
utiliores sunt ; adeo
tritum allium nt lacti quoque
adjiciatur. recte con
Procedente est, oportet laser quam optimum ad piperis
vero magnitudinem devorare : altero quoque die vi
tempore, opus est gestari ; maximeqne navi num vel aquam bibere : interdum interposito
gare ; perfricari ter aut quater die, sic, ut ni cibo, singulos vini cyathos sorbere : ex infe
 MEDICINE LIB. IV . 279
parte pluviatilem aquam egelidam, que maxime si dolor remanet
part rain water lukewarm , and especially if thepain remains
in imis partibus.
in the lowest parts.

CAP. XIII.
CHAP. XIII.
Morbus tenuioris Intestini.
Disease of the smaller Intestine.
Vero duo morbi consistunt inter intestina ipsa ;
But two diseases exist between (are peculiar to) the intestines themselves ;
alter quorum est in tenuiore alter in pleniore.
the one ofwhich is in the thinner (smaller) the other in the fuller (large
Prior est acutus ; insequens • potest esse
intestine). The former is acute ; the following (the other) may be
longus. Diocles Carystius nominavit morbum tenuioris intestini
long. Diocles the Carystian named the disease ofthe smaller intestine
χόρδαψον (chordapson ), plenioris εiεòv (eileon) . Video illum
chordapsus, that) of the larger ileus. 1 see that that
priorem nominari nunc a plerisque εἰλεὸν ( eileon ), hunc κολικὸν
former one is named now by mostpersons ileus, the latter colic.
(kolikon). Sed prior movet dolorem modo supra umbilicum ,
But the former excites pain sometimes above the umbilicus
modo sub umbilico. Inflammatio fit in
(navel), sometimes under the umbilicus . Inflammation is produced in
alterutro loco ; nec alvus nec spiritus transmittitur infra :
one or other place : neither excrement nor wind is transmitted downwards :
si superior pars est affecta, cibus, si inferior, stercus
if the upper portion is affected, the food, if the lower, the excrement
redditur per Os; si utrumlibet est vetus. Biliosus vomitus ,
is returned by the mouth ; if either it is old. Bilious vomiting,
mali odoris, aut varius, aut niger, adjicit periculo. Remedium
ofbad smell, or various, or black, adds to the danger. The remedy
est mittere sanguinem ; vel admovere cucurbitulas pluribus locis,
is to let blood; 01' to apply the cupping-glasses in several places,
cute non incisâ ubique: enim id (sc. cutem incidere) duobus
the skin not being cut every where: for that in two
aut tribus locis est satis : est abunde evocare spiritum ex
or three places is sufficient : it is sufficient to draw out the air from

riori parte infuudere pluviatilem egelidam | Koλov nominari. Sed prior modo supra umbi
aquam, maximeque, si dolor in imis partibus bilicum, modo sub umbilico dolorem movet.
remanet. Fit in alterutro loco inflammatio : nec alvus,
nec spiritus infra transmittitur : si superior
CAP.XIII.- Tenuioris Intestini Morbus.-INTER pars affecta est, cibus, si inferior, stercus per
ipsa vero intestina consistunt duo morbi ; quo- os redditur ; si utrumlibet vetus est. Adjicit
rum alter in tenuiore, alter in pleniore est. periculo vomitus biliosus, mali odoris, aut va
Prior acutus est ; insequens esse longus potest.rius, aut niger. Remedium est, sanguinem
Diocles Carystius tenuioris intestini morbum mittere ; vel cucurbitulas pluribus locis admo
Xópdavov, plenioris so nominavit. A pleris- vere, non ubique cute incisa : id enim duobus
que video nuuc illum priorem elλsov, hunc aut tribus locis satis est : ex ceteris spiritum
280 A. CORN. CELSI
ceteris. Tum oportet animadvertere, quo loco malum sit;
the others. Then it behooves to consider, in what place the disease is;
enim solet tumere contra id. Et si est supra
for it is accustomed to swell opposite that. And if it is above
umbilicum, ductio alvi est non utilis : si est infra,
the umbilicus, clystering ofthe belly is not serviceable : if it is beneath,
ducere alvum, ut placuit Erasistrato, est optimum ; et id
to clyster thebelly, as it pleased Erasistratus, is best ; and that (of)
auxilii sæpe est satis. Autem ducitur percolato cremore
aid often is sufficient. But it is clystered by the strained cream
ptisanæ, cum oleo et melle, sic, ut nihil præterea adjiciatur.
of ptisan, with oil and honey, 80, that nothing besides be added.
Si nihil tumet, oportet imponere duas manus supra summum
If nothing swells, it behooves to place the two hands upon the top of
ventrem , que deducere paulatim : enim locus mali
the belly, and to bring them down gradually : for the place of the disease
invenietur, qui, est necesse, renitatur ; et ex eo
willbefound, which, it is necessary. (necessarily), resists ; and from that
poterit deliberari alvus sit ducenda, necne.
it will be able to be determined whether the belly is to be clystered, or not.
Illa sunt communia : admovere calida cataplasmata, que imponere
These are common : to apply hot cataplasms, and to apply
ea a mammis usque ad inguina et spinam, ac
them from the mammæ as far as to the groins and spine, and
sæpe mutare : perfricare brachia que crura : demittere totum
often to change (them) : to rub the arms and legs : to lower the whole
hominem in calidum oleum : si dolor non quiescit, dare etiam
person into hot oil: if the pain does not subside, to inject also
in alvum ex inferiore parte tres aut quatuor cyathos calidi
into the belly from the inferior part three or four cups ofhot
olei. Ubi per hæc consecuti sumus ut spiritus jam
oil. When by these (means) we have effected that the air be now
transmittatur ex inferiore parte, offerre tepidum mulsum
transmitted from the lower part, to offer (allow) tepid honeyed wine
non multum, potui : nam ante vitandum est (sc. nobis)
not much (not too plentifully), for drink : for previously we must guard
summâ curâ bibat ne quid. Si id
with the greatest care that he drink not any thing (drink nothing). If that
cessit commode, adjicere sorbitionem. Ubi dolor
has happened suitably (agreed well), to add gruel. When thepain
et febricula quierunt, tum demum uti pleniore cibo ; sed neque
and fever have subsided, then at length to use fuller diet; but neither

evocare abunde est. Tu animadvertere | cataplasmata admovere, eaque imponere a

oportet, quo loco malum sit : solet enim contra mammis usque ad inguina et spinam, ac sæpe
id tumere. Et si supra umbilicum est, alvi mutare : brachia cruraque perfricare : demit
ductio utilis non est si infra est, alvum du. tere totum hominem in calidum oleum : si
cere, ut Erasistrato placuit, optimum est ; et dolor non quiescit, etiam cyathos ex parte
in alvumcalidi
sæpe id auxilii satis est. Ducitur autem per inferiore tres ant quatuor olei
colato ptisanæ cremore, cum oleo et melle, ex Ubi per parte
dare.inferiore hæc consecuti
spiritus sumus, ut jam
transmittatur,
sic, ut præterea nihil adjiciatur. Si nihil tu
met, duas manus imponere oportet supra offerre potui mulsum tepidum non multum :
summum ventrem, paulatimque deducere : in nam ante magna cura vitandum est, ne quid
venietur enim mali locus, qui necesse est re bibat. Si id commode cessit, adjicere sorbi
nitatur ; et ex eo deliberari poterit, ducenda, tionem. Ubi dolor et febricula quierunt, tum
necne, alvus sit. Illa communia sunt : calida demum uti cibo pleniore ; sed neque inflante,
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 281
inflante, neque duro, neque valido, ne intestina adhuc imbecilla,
inflating, nor hard, nor strong, lest the intestines as yet weak,
lædantur. Vero (sumere suppleas) nihil potui, præterquam puram
be injured. But to take nothing for drink, except pure
aquam. Nam sive quid est vinolentum, sive acidum, id
water. For whether any thing is vinous, or acid (acidulous), that
est alienum huic morbo. Ac quoque postea oportet vitare
is unsuited to this disease. And even afterwards it behooves to avoid
balneum, ambulationem, gestationem , que ceteros motus corporis.
the bath, walking, gestation, and the other motions ofthe body.
Nam id malum consuevit redire facile ; et sive
For that disease has been accustomed to return easily; and whether
frigus, sive aliqua jactatio, subit, revertitur, nisi intestinis
cold, or any agitation, comes on, it returns, unless the intestines
jam bene confirmatis.
being already well strengthened (restored to health).

CAP. XIV.
CHAP. XIV.
Morbus crassioris (plenioris) Intestini.
Disease of the thicker Intestine.
Autem is morbus, qui est in pleniore intestino,
But that disease, which is (arises) in the fuller (larger) intestine,
est maxime in eâ parte, quam proposui esse cæcam (sc. partem).
is mostly in that part, which I have stated to be (the) blind.
Vehemens inflatio fit, vehementes dolores (sup. fiunt) magis
Violent inflation takes place, vehement pains more
dextrâ parte : intestinum , quod videtur verti, prope
onthe right side : the intestine, which seems to be inverted, in a manner
elidit spiritum. In plerisque oritur post frigora que cruditates,
squeezes out the air. In most (cases) it arises after colds and crudities,
deinde quiescit ; et per ætatem sæpe repetens sic cruciat,
then it subsides ; and during the whole of life often returning thus torments,
ut demat nihil spatio vitæ. Ubi
though it takes nothing from the length (does not shorten) oflife. Where
is dolor cœpit, oportet admovere sicca et calida fomenta ;
that pain has begun , it behooves to apply dry and hot fomentations ;
sed primo lenta, deinde validiora ; que simul evocare
but atfirst mild, afterwards stronger; and at the same time to callforth

neque duro, neque valido, ne intestina adhuc tem morbus, qui in intestino plenioreesse est,pro
in
imbecilla lædantur. Potui vero nihil, præter ea maxime
posui. parte est,fitquam
Vehemens cæcamvehementes
inflatio,
quam puram aquam. Nam sive quid vino
lentum
est. Acsive acidum est, id huic morbo alienumdolores, dextra magis parte : intestinum, quod
postea quoque vitare oportet bal verti videtur, prope spiritum elidit. In ple
neum, ambulationem, gestationem, ceterosque risque post frigora cruditatesque oritur, deinde
corporis motus. Nam facile id malum redire quiescit ; et per ætatem sæpe repetens sic
consuevit; et sive cumfrigus subit, sive aliquacruciat, ut vite spatio nihil demat. Ubi is
jactatio,
revertitur.nisi bene jam confirmatis intestinis,
dolor cœpit, admovere sicca et calida fomenta
oportet ; sed primo lenta, deinde validiora ;
simulque frictione ad extremas partes, id est,
CAP. XIV.-Intestini crassioris Morbus.- Is au crura brachiaque materiam evocare : si discus
 282 A. CORN. CELSI
materiam frictione ad extremas partes, id est
the matter (cause a derivation) by friction to the extreme parts, that is,
crura que brachia ; si est non discussus, defigere cucurbitulas
the legs and arms ; if it is not removed, to fix on the cupping-glasses
sine ferro, qua dolet. Medicamentum etiam
without the scarificator, where it is painful. A medicine also
comparatum est causâ ejús rei quod nominatur κολικὸν
has been prepared for the sake ofthat thing which is named colic.
(kolikon). Cassius gloriabatur se reperisse id.
Cassius used to boast that he hadfound out (discovered) that.
Datum potui prodest magis : sed quoque impositum extrinsecus
Given for drink it benefits more: but even applied externally
levat dolorem, digerendo spiritum. Vero neque cibus neque potio
it eases the pain, by dispersing the wind. But neither food nor drink
recte assumitur, nisi tormento finito . Quo victu
is rightly taken, except the pain being terminated. What (kind of) diet
iis (" iis" in dativo est), qui tentantur hoc genere (sc. morbi)
they, who are troubled with this kind
utendum sit, jam dictum est mihi. Confectio
ought to use, already has been mentioned by me. The composition
medicamenti, quod nominatur Koλkov (kolikon), constat ex his.
of the medicine, which is named colic, consists of these
Costi, anisi, castorei, singulorum P. )-(. iii.
(thefollowing). Ofspikenard, aniseed, castor, ofeach p. )-(. iii.
petroselini p. den. iii. longi et rotundi piperis singulorum p. )-(. ii.
parsley p. den. iii. oflong and of round pepper ofeach p. )-(. ii.
lacrimæ papaveris opium, rotundi junci, myrrhæ, nardi,
ofthe tears of the poppy ofthe round rush, myrrh, spikenard,
singulorum p. )-(. vi. quæ excipiuntur melle. Autem id
of each p. )-(. vi. which are received in (incorporated with) honey. But that
potest et devorari, et sumi ex calida aquâ.
may both be swallowed, and taken out of (with) warm water.

CAP. XV.
CHAP. XV.
Tormina.
Dysentery.
Tormina consueverunt esse inter mala intestinorum
Gripes have been accustomed to be amongst the diseases ofthe intestines

sus non est, qua dolet, cucurbitulas sine ferro quod Kodov nominatur, ex his constat. Costi,
defigere. Est etiam medicamentum ejus anisi, castorei, singulorum p. )(. III. petro
rei causa comparatum, quod oλo no selini p. den. III. piperis longi, et rotundi,
minatur. Id se reperisse Cassius gloriabatur. singulorum 11. papaveris
p. )-(.nardi, lacrimæ,
singulorum junci
p. -(. VI.
Magis prodest potui datum : sed impositum rotundi, myrrhæ,
quoque extrinsecus, digerendo spiritum, do quæ melle excipiuntur. Id autem et devorari
lorem levat. Nisi finito vero tormento, recte potest, et ex aqua calida sumi.
neque cibus neque potio assumitur. Quo victu
dictumiis,est.qui hoc
sit utendum geuere tentantur,jam
medicamenti, CAP. XV.-Tormina. - PROXIMA his inter in
mihi Confectio testinorum mala tormina esse consueverunt :
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 283

proxima his : vocatur Græce δυσεντερία (dusenteria). Intestina

next to these : it is called in Greek dysentery. The intestines
exulcerantur int us ; cruor manat ex hi s; que is (cruor)
are ulcerated within ; blood flows from them ; and it
excernitur, modo cum aliquo stercore semper liquido,
is voided, sometimes with some excrement always liquid,
modo cum quibusdam quasi mucosis : interdum
sometimes with some as it were mucous (things) : sometimes
quædam carnosa descendunt simul : est frequens
some fleshy (things) descend at the same time : there is a frequent
cupiditas dejiciendi, que dolor in ano : aliquid
desire ofthrowing down (going to stool), and pain in the anus: something
exiguum emittitur cum dolore eodem : atque
scanty is sent out (discharged) with pain the same (in like manner) : and
tormentum quoque intenditur eo ; que id levatur post aliquod tempus ;
the griping also is increased by it; and that is relieved after 80me time ;
que requies est exigua : somnus interpellatur : febricula
and the ease is small (ofshort duration) : sleep is interrupted: feverishness
oritur: que id malum, cum inveteravit longo tempore,
arises : and that disease, when it has inveterated bylong time (continu
aut tollit hominem , aut, etiamsi finitur, excruciat.
ance), either carries of the person, or, although it is terminated, tortures.
Oportet in primis conquiescere ; siquidem omnis
It behooves in the first place to rest (keep quiet) ; since all
agitatio exulcerat : deinde oportet jejunum sorbere
(kind of) agitation ulcerates : afterwards himfasting to drink
cyathum vini, cui contrita radix quinquefolii adjecta sit :
a glass of wine, to which the bruised root cinquefoil has been added :
imponere cataplasmata, quæ reprimunt, super ventrem ; quod non
to apply cataplasms, which restringe, upon the belly ; which does not
expedit in superioribus morbis ventris : que quoties
suit in the former (previous) diseases ofthe belly; and as often as
desidit subluere calidâ aquâ, in quâ verbenæ
he sits down to bathe (foment) with hot water, in which vervains
decoctæ sint: edisse portulacam vel coctam , vel ex durâ
have been boiled: to have eaten purslain either boiled, or from hard (strong
muriâ ; (edisse) cibos que eas potiones quæ adstringunt
brine (pickle); foods and those drinks which bind
alvum. Si morbus est vetustior infundere ex inferioribus
the belly. If the disease is older to pour in (inject) from the lower
partibus, vel tepidum cremorem ptisanæ, vel lac, vel liquatam
parts, either the tepid cream ofptisan, or milk, or melted

Jucevrepía Græce vocatur. Intus intestina ex siquidem omnis agitatio exulcerat : deinde je
ulcerantur: ex his cruor manat ; isque modo junum sorbere vini cyatham, cui contrita radix
cum stercore aliquo semper liquido, modo cum quinquefolii sit adjecta : imponere cataplas
quibusdam quasi mucosis excernitur : inter mata super ventrem, non expeditquod
quæ reprimunt; in
: quo
dum simul quædam carnosa descendunt : fre superioribus ventris morbis
quens dejiciendi cupiditas, dolorque in ano tiesque desidit, subluere aqua calída, in qua
est : cum eodem dolore exiguum aliquid emit decoctae verbena sint: portulacam vel coctam,
titur: atque eo quoque tormentum intenditur ; vel ex dura muria edisse ; cibos potionesque
idque post tempus aliquod levatur ; :exiguaque eas, quæ adstringunt alvum. Si vetustior mor
requies est : somnus interpellatur febricula bus est, ex inferioribus partibus tepidum in
oritur longoque tempore id malum, cum in fundere vel ptisanæ cremorem, vel lac, vel adi
veteravit, aut tollit hominem, aut, etiamsi fini pem liquatam, vel medullam cervinam, vel
tur, excruciat. Oportet in primis conquiescere ; oleum, vel cum rosa butyrum, vel cum eadem
284 A. CORN. CELSI
adipem, vel cervinam medullam, vel oleum, vel butyrum cum rosâ,
fat, or deers' marrow, or oil, or butter with rose oil,
aut cum eâdem crudum album ex ovis, aut aquam in quâ
or with the same the raw white of eggs, or water in which
semen lini decoctum sit : vel, si somnus non accedit, vitellos cum
linseed has been boiled ; or, if sleep does not come on, the yolks with
aquâ, in quâ folia floris rosæ decocta sint. Enim hæc
water, in which the leaves ofthe flower ofthe rose have been boiled. For these
levant dolorem, et efficiunt ulcera mitiora ; que sunt maxime
ease the pain, and render the ulcers milder ; and are very
utilia, si fastidium cibi quoque secutum est. Themison prodi
useful, if loathing offood also hasfollowed. Themison has handed
dit memoriæ utendum esse nobis durâ muriâ quam asperrimâ
down to memory that we ought to use hard brine the roughest possible
sic. Vero cibi debent esse qui leniter
so (in the same manner). But the foods ought to be thosewhich gently
adstringant ventrem. At ea (alimenta), quæ movent urinam , si
astringe thebelly. But those, which promote the urine, if
consecuta sunt id, prosunt avertendo humorem in aliam partem i
theyhave effected that, benefit bydiverting the humour into another part ;
si non sunt consecuta, augent noxam : itaque sunt
if they have not effected it, they increase the mischief ; therefore they are
non adhibenda, nisi in in quibus consuerunt facere
not to be applied, except in those iis ) in whom they have been accustomed to do
id promte. Si est febricula, pura calida aqua, vel ea, quæ
that readily. If there is fever, pure warm water, or that, which
ipsa quoque adstringat, debet dar potui: si est non, leve,
itself also astringes, ought to be given for drink: if there is not, light,
austerum vinum. Si alia remedia juverunt nihil pluri.
rough wine. If the other remedies have assisted nothing (not relieved) for seve
bus diebus, que vitium est jam vetus, potio bene frigidæ aquæ
ral days, and the disease is now old, a draught ofvery cold water
assumta adstringit ulcera, et facit initium secundæ valetudinis.
(being) taken astringes the ulcers, and makes a beginning ofgood health.
Sed ubi venter suppressus est, revertendum est (sc. iis) protinus ad
But when the belly has beensuppressed, they must return immediately to
calidam potionem. Autem interdum etiam putris sanies, que pessimi
warm drink. But sometimes also a putrid sanies, and ofthe worst
odoris, solet descendere : purus sanguis solet
odour, is accustomed to descend : pure blood is accustomed
profluere. Si est superius vitium, alvus debet duci
toflow forth. If it is the first disease , the belly ought to be clystered

album crudum ex ovis, vel aquam, in qua lini | in quibus promte id facere consuerunt, non
semen decoctum sit; vel, si somnus non accedit, sunt adhibenda. Potui, si febricula est, aqua
vltellos Levant
sint. cum aqua,
enimin dolorem
qua rosæ floris
hæc, folia cocta pura calida, vel ea, quæ ipsa quoque adstrin
et mitiora gat, dari debet : si non est, vinum leve, aus
ulcera efficiunt ; maximeque utilia sunt, si terum. Si pluribus diebus nihil remedia alia
cibi quoque secutum fastidium est. Themison juverunt, vetusque jam vitium est, aquæ bene
muria dura quam asperrima sic utendum me
moriæ prodidit. Cibi vero esse debent, qui initium potio
frigidæ assumta
secundæ ulcerafacit.
valetudinis adstringit, et
Sed ubi
leniter ventrem adstringant. At ea, quæ nri tionemventer suppressus est, protinus ad calidam po
nam movent, si id consecuta sunt, in aliam revertendum est. Solet autem interdum
partem humorem avertendo, prosunt ; si non etiam putris sanies, pessimique odoris descen
sunt consecuta, noxam augent : itaque nisi dere solet purus sanguis profluere. Si supe
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 285
mulsâ aquâ; tum deinde eadem , quæ comprehensa sunt
with honeyed water ; then afterwards the same things, which have been compre
supra, (debent) infundi. Que gleba minii contrita
hended above, to be injected. And a lump ofred (oxide) oflead bruised
cum heminâ salis, si aqua mixta his datur in alvum
with a hemina of salt, if water mixed with these is injected into the belly
est etiam valens adversus cancerem intestinorum. At si sanguis
is also powerful against a cancer ofthe intestines. But if blood
profluit, cibi que potiones debent esse quæ adstringant.
flows, the foods and drinks ought to be those which astringe.

CAP. XVI.
CHAP. XVI.
Lævitas Intestinorum.
Slipperiness of the Intestines.
Lævitas intestinorum interdum oritur ex torminibus ; quâ
Aslipperiness ofthe intestines sometimes arises from dysenteries; in which
possunt continere nihil, et quidquid est assumtum , reddunt
they can retain nothing, and whatever i8 taken, they void
protinus imperfectum. Id interdum trahit, interdum præcipitat
immediately undigested. That sometimes wearies out, sometimes hurriesoff
ægros. In hoc utique oportet adhibere comprimentia ;
the sick. In this especially it behooves to administer astringing (medicines) ;
quo intestinis sit (pro habent) vis facilius
in order that the intestines may have the power more easily
tenendi aliquid. Ergo sinapi et ponatur super
ofretaining something. Therefore mustard also should be put (applied) upon
pectus ; que cute exulceratâ, malagma quod evocet
the breast; and the skin being ulcerated, a plaister which may call out
humorem : et desidat in aquâ decoctâ ex verbenis ; et
the humour : and he should sit down in water boiled with vervains ; and
assumat cibos que potiones, quæ adstringunt alvum ; et
he should take foods and drinks, which bind the belly ; and
utatur frigidis perfusionibus. Tamen, oportet prospicere
he should use cold affusions. However, itbehooves to look forward
ut omnibus his admotis simul,
(to watch) that from all these being applied at the same time (at once),
contrarium vitium ne oriatur per immodicas inflationes. Ergo
an opposite disease do not arise through immoderate flatulencies. Therefore

rius vitium est, alvus aqua mulsa duci debet ; sumtum est, imperfectum protinus reddunt.
tum deiude eadem infunds, quæ supra compre Id interdum ægros trahit, interdum præcipitat.
hensa sunt. Valensque est etiam adversus can In hoc utiqne adhibere oportet comprimentia ;
cerem intestinorum, minii gleba cum salis he quo facilius tenendi aliquid intestinis vis sit.
mina contrita, si mixta his aqua in alvum Ergo et super pectus ponatur sinapi ; exul
datur. At si sanguis profluit, cibi potionesque cerataque cute, malagma, quod humorem evo
esse debent, quæ adstringant. cet et ex verbenis decocta in aqua desidat ;
et cibos potionesque assumat, quæ alvum ad
CAP. XVI.-Lavitas Intestinorum.-Ex tormi stringunt ; et frigidis utatur perfusionibus.
nibus interdum intestinorum lævitas oritur; Oportet tamen prospicere, ne, simul his omni
qua continere nihil possunt, et quidquid as bus admotis, vitium contrarium per immodicas
286 A. CORN. CELSI
ntestina debebunt firmari paulatim , aliquibus adjectis
he intestines (will) ought to be strengthened by degrees, some things being added
quotidie. Et cum in omne fluore ventris, tum pracipue in
daily. And as in every flux ofthe belly, 80 especially in
hoc, est necessarium desidere, non quoties libet (imperson.),
this, it is necessary to go to stool, not as often as he wishes,
sed quoties est necesse ; ut hæc ipsa mora deducat intestina
but as often as it is necessary ; that this very delay may bring the intestines
in consuetudinem ferendi oneris. Alterum quoque, quod æque
into the habit ofbearing the burden. Another thing also, which equally
pertinet ad omnes similes affectus, est servandum maxime in hoc;
belongs to all similar affections, is to be observed especially in this ;
ut, cum pleraque utilia sint insuavia, qualis est plantago,
that, as most (ofthe) useful things are disagreeable, such as is plantain,
et rubi, et quidquid est mixtum malicorio, ex his,
and brambles, and whatever is mixed with pomegranate bark, of these,
ea potissimum dentur, quæ æger volet maxime : deinde
those should chiefly be given, which the patient shall wish most : then
si fastidiet omnia ista, aliquid minus utile, sed magis gratum
if he shall loathe all those, something less useful, but more grateful
interponatur, ad excitandam cupiditatem cibi. Exercitationes
should be interposed, to excite the desire forfood. Exercises
et frictiones quoque sunt necessariæ huic morb o; et cum his
and frictions also are necessary for this disease ; and with these
sol, ignis, balneum, vomitus, evocatus etiam albo veratro, ut
the sun, fire, the bath, vomiting, excited even by white hellebore, as
visum est Hippocrates, si cetera proficient parum.
seemed proper to Hippocrates, if the other things shall benefit little.

CAP. XVII.
CHAP. XVII.
Lumbrici.
Worms.
Autem lumbrici quoque nonnunquam occupant alvum ; que hi
But worms also sometimes occupy the belly: and they
redduntur, modo ex inferioribus partibus, modo fœdius
are voided, sometimes from the inferior parts, sometimes more filthily
ore : atque videmus eos interdum latos, qui sunt
from the mouth : and we see them sometimes broad (tape), which are

inflationes oriatur. Paulatim ergo firmari in si omnia ista fastidiet, ad excitandam cibi
testina debebunt, aliquibus quotidie adjectis. cupiditatem, interponatur aliquid minus utile,
Et cum in omni fuore ventris, tum iu hec sed magis gratum. Exercitationes et frictiones
est, non quoties libet
præcipue necessariumnecesse huic quoque morbo necessariæ sunt ; et cum
desidere, sed quoties ferendiest
consuetudinem ; ut intestina
oneris hæc ipsa his sol, ignis, balneum, vomitus, ut Hippocrati
morain
deducat. Alterum quoque, quod æque ad visum est, etiam albo veratro, si cetera parum
proficient, evocatus.
omnes similes affectus pertinet, in hoc maxime
servandum est ; ut, cum pleraque utilia in CAP. XVII.-Lumbrici.-NONNUNQUAM autem
suavia sint, qualis est plantago, et rubi, et lumbrici quoque occupant alvum ; hique modo
quidquid malicorio mixtum est, ea potissimum ex inferioribus partibus, modo fœdius ore red
ex his dentur, quæ maxime æger volet : deinde, duntur : atque interdum latos eos, qui, pejores
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 287

pejores, interdum teretes. Si sunt lati, aqua in quá

the worse, sometimes round. If they are the broad (tape), water in which
lupinum , aut cortex mori decoctus sit, debet dari
lupines, or the bark of the mulberry has been boiled, ought to be given
potui ; aut (aqua) cui vel contritum hyssopum, vel acetabulum
for drink ; or to which either bruised hyssop, or an acetabulum
contriti piperis, vel paulum scammoniæ adjectum sit.
(a small measure) ofbruised pepper, or a little scammony has been added.
Vel etiam vomat cum pridie ederit multum
Or even he should vomit when the day before he shall have eaten much
allium : que postero die colligat tenues radiculas
garlic : and on the next day he should gather the thin radicles
Punici mali, quantum comprehendet manu ; decoquat
of the Pomegranate, as much as he shallgrasp in the hand ; he should boil
eas contusas in tribus sextariis aquæ, donec tertia pars
them bruised (down) in three sextarii of water, until a third part
supersit; adjiciat paulum nitri huc, et bibat
remain ; let him add a little (of) natron hither (to this), and let him drink it
jejunus. Deinde tribus horis interpositis, sumat duas potiones,
fasting. Then three hours being interposed, let him take two draughts,
aut aquæ vel duræ muriæ cui adjecta sit : tum
either ofthe water (decoction) or ofhard brine to which it has been added : then
desidat, calidâ aquâ subjectâ in pelve.
let him sit down (go to stool), hot water being placed under (him) in a vessel,
Vero si sunt teretes, qui maxime exercent pueros, et eadem
But if they are round, which mostly trouble children, both the same things
possunt dari, et quædam leviora ; ut contritum semen urticæ,
may be given, and some lighter things; as the bruised seed of nettle,
aut brassica, aut cumini cum aquâ, aut mentha cum eâdem,
01° of cabbage, or of cumin with water, or mint with the same,
vel absinthum decoctum , vel hyssopum ex aquâ mulsâ, vel semen
or wormwood boiled, or hyssop with hydromel, or the seed
nasturtii contritum cum aceto. Etiam edisse et
of water-cresses bruised with vinegar. Also to have eaten both lupinum
lupines
et allium prodest ; vel subter dedisse oleum in alvum .
and garlic benefits ; or tohave injected oil into the belly.

sunt, interdum teretes videmus. Si lati sunt, tribus horis, duas potiones
aqua vel muriæ duræ sit adjecta : sumat, aut aquæ,
cortexpotui dari debet, in qua lupinum, aut
meri decoctus sit; aut cui adjectum sit
tum desidat, sub
jecta calida aqua in pelve. Si vero teretes
contritum vel hyssopum, vel piperis acetabu sunt, qui pueros maxíme exercent, et eadem
lum, vel scammoniæ paulum. Vel etiam dari possunt, et quædam leviora ; ut contritum
pridie, cum multum allium ederit, vomat : semen urticæ, aut brassicæ, aut cumini cum
posteroque die mali Punici tenues radiculas aqua, vel mentha cum eadem, vel absinthium
colligat,
contusas quantum decoctum, vel hyssopum ex aqua mulsa, vel
in aquæ manu comprehendecoquat,
tribus sextariis det : eas nasturtii semen cum aceto contritum. Edisse
donec tertia pars supersit ; huc adjiciat nitri etiam et lupinum, et allium prodest ; vel in
paulum, et jejunus bibat. Interpositis deinde alvum oleum subter dedisse.
288 A. CORN . CELSI

CAP. XVIII.
CHAP. XVIII.

Tenesmus.
Tenesmus.

Autem est aliud levius omnibus proximis, de quibus

But there is another slighter than all the next (foregoing), of which
dictum est supra, quod Græci vocant TεIVεoμòv (teinesmon).
it has been spoken above, which the Greeks call tenesmus.
Id debet adnumerari neque acutis neque longis morbis,
That ought to be classed neither with acute nor the chronic diseases,
cum et tollatur facile, neque unquam jugulet per se. In
since both it is removed easily, nor does it everkill by itself. In
hoc, æque atque in torminibus, est frequens cupiditas desidendi ;
this, like as in dysentery, there is afrequent desire of sitting down
æque dolor, ubi aliquid excernitur. Autem
(going to stool); in like manner pain, when any thing is excreted. But
similia pituita que mucis descendunt, interdum etiam leviter
things like phlegm and mucus descend, sometimes even slightly
subcruenta : sed his nonnunquam quoque interponuntur recte
bloodyish : but with these sometimes also are interposed things properly
coacta ex cibo. Oportet desidere in calida aquâ ; que
concocted from thefood. It behooves to sit down in hot water ; and
nutrire anum ipsum sæpius ; cui plura medicamenta sunt
to soothe the anus itself very often; for which several medicines are
idonea : butyrum cum rosâ ; acacia liquata ex aceto;
suited : butter with roseoil; acacia (Gum Arabic) dissolved in vinegar i
id emplastrum, quod Græci vocant τετραφάρμακον (tetrapharmakon ),
that plaister, which the Greeks call tetrapharmacum (composed of four
liquatum rosâ : alumen circumdatum lanâ,
medicines), dissolved in rose oil: alum surrounded with (wrapped up in) wool,
et ita appositum ; que eadem, quæ sunt auxilia torminum,
and 80 applied ; and the same, which are remedies (of) for dysenteries ,
indita ex inferiore parte ; verbenæ decoctæ eædem, ut
injected (as clysters) from the lower part ; vervains decocted the same, that
inferiores partes foveantur. Vero alternis diebus aqua,
the inferior parts maybefomented. But on alternate days water,
alternis leve et austerum vinum est bibendum . Potio debet
on the others light and rough wine is to be drank. The trink ought

CAP. XVIII.-Tenesmus.-EST autem aliud in aqua calida ; sæpiusque ipsum anum nu

levius omnibus proximis, de quibus supra dic- trire ; cui plura medicamenta idonea sunt:
tum est, quod To Græci vocant. Id neque butyrum cum rosa ; acacia ex aceto liquata;
acutisetneque
cum facilelongis morbis
tollatur, adnumerari
neque debet,
unquam per se emplastrum id, quod alumen
cant, rosa liquatum; rerpapápuanov
lana Græci vo
circumda
jugulet. In hoc æque atque in torminibus fre- tum, et ita appositum ; eademque ex inferiore
quens desidendi cupiditas est ; æque dolor, ubi parte indita, quæ torminum auxilia sunt;
aliquid excernitur. Descendunt autem pituita eædem verbena decoctæ, ut inferiores partes
mucisque similia, interdum etiam leviter sub- foveantur. Alternis vero diebus aqua, alternis
cruenta: sed his interponuntur nonnunquam leve et austerum vinum bibendum est. Potio
ex cibo quoque recte coacta. Desidere oportet esse debet egelida et frigidæ propior ; ratio
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 289 1
esse egelida et propior frigidæ (sc. potioni) ; ratio victûs talis
to be lukewarm and nearer to cold ; the plan ofdiet such
qualem præcepimus supra ad tormina .
as we have directed above for dysenteries .

CAP. XIX .
CHAP. XIX.
regring
VEGLOV Fluxus Ventris.
nemara Flux of the Belly (Diarrhoea).
longs : dum est recens, est levior, ubi alvus (per
the chim Dejectio etiam,
Purging also, whilst it is recent, is slighter, when the fæces
per metap. pro fæcibus) fertur, et liquida, et sæpius quam ex consuetudine :
is voided, both liquid, and oftener than from custom
atque interdum dolor est tolerabilis, interdum gravissimus ;
(usual): and sometimes the pain is tolerable, sometimes very severe ;
1 que id est pejus. Sed alvum fluere uno die sæpe est
and that is worse. But that the belly shouldflow for one day often is
2003 pro valetudine ; atque etiam pluribus, dum febris absit,
for(contributes to) health ; and even for several, provided fever be absent,
ntur et id (alvum fluere) conquiescat intra · septimum diem. Enim
od thingsp
and that subsides within the seventh day. For
lidi aqul; intus, effunditur
corpus purgatur, et quod erat læsurum
the body is cleansed, and what was about to hurt within, is poured out
medicamen
medicina utiliter. Verum spatium est periculosum : enim
usefully (advantageously) . But a continuance is dangerous : for
interdum excitat tormina ac febriculas, que consumit
sometimes it excites dysenteries and (little) fevers, and wastes
(tetrapham
(compreso vires. Est satis quiescere primo die ; neque prohibere
the strength. It is sufficient to remain quiet on thefirst day; nor to restrain
roppedsptla impetum ventris. Si desiit per se, uti balneo, capere
the impetus ofthe belly. If it has ceased by itself, to use a bath, to take
paulum cibi: si mansit, abstinere non solum a cibo, sed
offforde
a little (of) food : if it has remained, to refrain not only from food, but
eceden etiam a potione. Postero die, si alvus nihilominus est liquida,
ed thewas also from drink. On the next day, if the belly nevertheless is liquid,
diebur
by æque conquiescere ; sumere paulum adstringentis cibi. Tertio die
also to remain quiet ; to take a little ofastringing food. On the third day
Patio ire in balneum : perfricare omnia (sc. membra) vehementer præter
The tra
togo into the bath: · to rub all parts briskly except

epsonmem victus talis, qualem ad tormina supra præce- | et, quod intus læsurum erat, utiliter effunditur.
Det pimus. Verum spatium periculosum est : interdum
enim tormina ac febriculas excitat, viresque
CAP. XIX.-Ventris Fluxus.- LEVIOR etiam, consumit. Primo die quiescere satis est ; neque
Desc dum recens, dejectio est, ubi et liquida alvus, impetum ventris prohibere. Si per se desiit,
et sæpius, tolerabilis
quam ex consuetudine, fertur : atque balneo uti, paulum cibi capere : si mansit, ab
IDntEerAce interdum dolor est, interdum gra stinere non solum a cibo, sed etiam a potione.
i vissimus ; idque pejus est. Sed uno die fluere Postero die, si nihilominus liquida alvus est,
HOONBmELL alvum sæpe pro valetudine est ; atque etiam æque conquiescere ; paulum adstringentis cibi
beecoropur pluribus, dum febris absit, et intra septimum sumere. Tertio die in balneum ire : vehementer
diem id conquiescat. Purgatur enim corpus, omnia præter ventrem perfricare : ad ignem
dp ; O
290 A. CORN. CELSI
ventrem : admovere lumbos que scapulas ad ignem : uti cibis, sed
the belly: to move the loins and shoulders to thefire: to use foods, but
(iis) contrahentibus ventrem ; non multo vino, meraco. Si fluet
(those) astringing the belly; not much wine, pure. If itflow
quoque postero die, edisse plus, sed vomere etiam . Ex toto
also on the following day, to eat more, but to vomit also. On the whole
niti contra siti, fame, vomitu, donec conquiescat.
to struggle against it by thirst, fasting, vomiting, until it subside. For
potest vix fieri ut alvus non contrahatur, post hanc
it can scarcely happen that the belly be not astringed, after this
animadversionem. Alia via est, ubi velis
consideration (discipline). Another method is, when you (may) wish
supprimere : cœnare, deinde vomere : postero die conquiescere in lecto;
to astringe it: to sup, then to vomit : on the next day to rest quiet in bed ;
ungi vespere, sed leniter: deinde sumere circa selibram
to be anointed in the evening, but gently: then to take about half a pound
panis ex mero Aminæo vino ; tum aliquid assum, que maxime
ofbread with pure Aminean wine; then something roasted, and especially
avem ; et postea bibere vinum idem mixtum pluviali
a bird (poultry) ; and afterwards to drink wine the same mized with rain
aquâ: que facere id usque quintum diem, que iterum vomere.
water : and to do that until the fifth day, and again to vomit.
Autem Asclepiades, contra priores auctores, affirmavit potionem
But Asclepiades, contrary to former authors, has asserted that the drink
debere esse assidue frigidam, et quidem quam frigidissimam. Ego existimo
ought to be constantly cold, and even as cold as possible. I think
quemque debere credere experimentis in se
that every one ought to trust to the experiments upon himself
utatur calidâ potius an frigidâ sc. aquâ. Autem
whether he should use hot rather or cold water. But
interdum evenit, ut id neglectum pluribus diebus, possit
sometimes it happens, that that neglected for several days, can
curari difficilius. Oportet incipere a vomitu : deinde postero
be cured more difficultly. It behooves to begin with a vomit: then on thefollowing
die vespere ungi tepido loco; assumere modicum cibum,
day in the evening to be anointed in a warm place; to take moderate food,
meracum vinum quam asperrimum ; habere rutam cum cerato impositam
pure wine theroughest possible ; to have rue with cerate applied
super ventrem . Autem in hoc affectu est opus neque
upon the belly. But in this affection there is need of neither
ambulatione neque frictione corporis : sedisse vehiculo, vel etiam
walking nor friction ofthe body: to have sat in a carriage, or still

lumbos, scapulasque admovere : cibis uti, sed diem facere, iterumque vomere. Frigidam
ventrem
raco. Sicontrahentibus ; vino non multo, me autem assidue potionem esse debere, contra
postero quoque die fluet, plus edisse, priores auctores Asclepiades affirmavit, et qui
sed vomere etiam. Ex toto, donec conquiescat, dem quam frigidissimam. Ego experimentis
contra siti, fame, vomitu niti. Vix enim fieri quemque
potius, anin frigida
se credere debere Interdum
utatur. existimo, calida
autem
potest, ut, post hanc animadversionem, alvus
non contrahatur. Alia via est, ubi velis sup evenit, ut id pluribus diebus neglectum, cu
primere cœnare, deinde vomere : postero die rari difficilius possit. A vomitu oportet inci
in lecto conquiescere ; vespere ungi, sed le pere : deinde postero die vespere tepido loco
niter: deinde panis circa selibram ex vino ungi ; cibum modicum assumere, vinum me
Aminæo
maximequemero sumere
avem; ; tum
et postea assum
vinum idemaliquid,
bibere racam quam
ventrem habereasperrimum
cum cerato; impositam
rutam. Insuper
hoc
aqua pluviali mixtum : idque usque quintum autem affectu corporis, neque ambulatione,
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 291
magis equo, prodest: enim neque ulla res confirmat
more(better) on a horse, benefits : moreover neither does any thing strengthen
magis intestina. Vero si etiam utendum est medicamentis, id, quod
more the intestines. But if still we must use medicines, that, which
fit ex pomis, est aptissimum. Tempore vindemiæ silvestria pira
is made of apples, is fittest. In the time ofvintage wild pears
atque mala sunt conjicienda in grande vas : si ea sunt
and crab-apples are to be thrown into a large vessel: if they are
non viridia Tarentina pira, vel Signina, Scandiana vel
not (to be had) green Tarentine pears, or Signine, Scandian or
Amerina mala, myrapia, que his sunt adjicienda cotonea,
Amerine apples, myrapian (pears), and to these are to be added quinces,
et Punica cum suis corticibus ipsis, sorba, et quibus
and Pomegranates with their barks (rinds) themselves, service fruit, and what
utimur etiam magis, torminalia ; sic ut hæc teneant tertiam
we use still 3 more, torminalia ; 80 that these may occupy the third
partem ollæ : tum deinde ea (olla) est implenda musto ;
part ofthe pot (jar) : then afterwards it is to befilled up with must;
que id coquendum, donec omnia quæ indita sunt,
and it (is) to be boiled, until all which have been put in,
liquata, coëant in quandam unitatem. Id
(having) liquified, unite into a kind of compound (mass). That
est non insuave gustui ; et, quandocunque est
is not unpleasant to the taste ; and, whensoever there is
opus, assumtum leniter tenet ventrem , sine ullâ
need, taken moderately it astringes the belly, without any
noxa stomachi. Est satis sumsisse duo aut tria cochlearia
injury ofthe stomach. It is sufficient to have taken two 07 three spoonfuls
uno die. Alterum, valentius genus : legere baccas myrti,
in one day. Another, · a stronger kind: to gather the berries ofmyrtle,
exprimere vinum ex his, decoquere id (sc. vinum) ut decima
to express the wine from these, to boil that 80 that a tenth
pars remaneat, que sorbere cyathum ejus. Tertium, quod quandocunque
part may remain, and to drink a glass ofit. A third, which whensoever
potest fieri : excavare Punicum malum, que omnibus
it can be made : to excavate (scoop out) a Pomegranate, and all
seminibus exemtis, conjicere iterum membranas dissepimenta
the seeds being taken out, to throw in again the membranes dissepiments
quæ fuerunt inter ea (sc. semina) ; tum infundere cruda ova que
which were between them ; then to pourin raw eggs and
miscere rudiculâ : deinde imponere malum ipsum super
to mix with a stirrer : then to put pomegranate itself (rind) upon

neque frictione opus est : vehiculo sedisse, vel id, donec quandam
unitatem omnia, quæ indita Id
coëant. sunt, liquata,
gustuí non inin
magis etiam equo, prodest : neque enim ulla
res magis intestina confirmat. Si vero etiam suave est ; et, quandocunque opus est, assum
medicamentis utendum est, aptissimum est id, tum leniter, sine ulla stomachi noxa,
tenet. Duo aut tria cochlearia uno die sumventrem
quod ex pomis fit. Vindemiæ tempore in
grande vas conjicienda sunt pira atque mala sisse, satis est. Alterum valentius genus :
silvestria : si ea non sunt, pira Tarentina vi myrti baccas legere, ex his vinum exprimere,
ridia, vel Signina, mala Scandiana, vel Ame id decoquere,
cyathum ut decima
sorbere. pars remaneat,
Tertium, ejusque
quod quandocun
rina, myrapia ; hisque adjicienda sunt cotonea,
et cum ipsis corticibns suis Punica, sorba, et, que fieri potest : malum Punicum excavare, ex
quibus magis utimur, etiam torminalia ; sic, emtisque omnibus seminibus, membranas, quæ
ut hæc tertiam ollæ partem teneant : tum inter ea fuerunt, iterum conjicere : tum infun
deinde ea musto implenda est ; coquendumque dere cruda ova, rudiculaque miscere : deinde
o2
292 A. CORN. CELSI
ignem : quod, dum est humor intus, non aduritur :
the fire : which, whilst there is moisture within, is not burnt :
ubi cœpit esse siccum, oportet removere que edisse quod
when it begins to be dry, it behooves to remove it and to eat what
est intus, extractum cochleari . Habet majus momentum
is within, extracted by a spoon. It has greater efficacy
aliquibus adjectis. itaque conjicitur in piperatum (sc. acetum)
by some things beingadded, therefore it is thrown into peppered vinegar
que miscetur cum sale et pipere est (Redundat hic " EST :" verique simile
and is mixed with salt and pepper,
est, scribi debuisse " ET") et quid ex his est edendum . Pulticula
and some of these is to be eaten. Pottage
etiam, cum quâ paulum ex vetere favo coctum sit, et
also, with which a little of old honeycomb has been boiled, and
lenticula cocta cum malicorio, que cacumina rubi
lentil boiled with pomegranate bark, and the tops ofthe bramble
decocta in aquâ et assumta ex oleo atque aceto, sunt efficacia :
boiled in water and taken with oil and vinegar, are efficacious:
atque ea aqua, in quâ vel palmulæ, vel cotoneum malum, vel
and that water, in which either dates, or quinces, or
arida sorba, vel rubi decocti sunt, potata : quod genus
dry service fruit, or brambles have been boiled, drank ; which kind
significo, quoties dico, potionem, quæ adstringat, esse
I mean, as often as I state (direct), that drink, which astringes, is
dandam . Hemina tritici quoque decoquitur in austero Aminæo
to be given. An hemina of wheat also is boiled down in rough Aminean
vino; que id triticum datur jejuno ac sitienti ; que
wine; and that wheat isgiven to (the patient) fasting and thirsting ; and
super id, id vinum sorbetur : quod jure potest adnumerari
upon (after) it, that wine is drank : which properly may be ranked
valentissimis medicamentis. Atque etiam Signinum vinum, vel resinatum,
with the strongest medicines. And also Signine wine, or resined,
austerum , vel quodlibet austerum datur potui. Que
rough, or any thing rough is given for drink. And
Punicum malum contunditur cum suis corticibus , que seminibus, que
the Pomegranate is bruised with its own barks, and seeds, and
miscetur tali vino: que aliquis vel sorbet id merum ,
is mixed with such wine ; and the person either swallows that pure,
vel bibit mixtum . Sed uti medicamentis, nisi in vehementibus
or drinks it mixed. But to use medicines, except in vehement
malis, est supervacuum .
disorders, is superfluous.

malum
dum ipsum super
humorintus est,prunam imponere
non aduritur : ubi; siccum
quod, | tata : quodessegenus
dandam dico,significo, quoties potionem
quæ adstringat. Tritici
esse coepit, removere oportet, extractumque quoque hemina in vino Aminæo austero deco
cochleari, quod intus est, edisse. Aliquibus quitur ; idque triticum jejuno ac sitienti datur ;
adjectis, majusconjicitur,
in piperatum momentumhabet : itaque
misceturque cumetiam superque id medicamentis
sale lentissimis vinum id sorbetur : quod jure
adnumerari va
potest.
et pipere, est quid ex his edendum est. Pulti- Atque etiam potui datur vinum Signinum, vel
cula etiam, cum qua paulum ex favo vetere resinatum austerum, vel quodlibet austerum.
coctum sit, et lenticula cum malicorio cocta, Contunditurque cum corticibus, seminibusque
rubique cacumina in aqua decocta, et ex oleo suis Punicum malum, vinoque tali miscetur :
atque aceto assumta, efficacia sunt : atque ea idque vel merum sorbet aliquis, vel bibit mix
aqua, in qua vel palmulæ, vel malum coto- tum . Sed medicamentis uti, nisi in vehemen
neum, vel arida sorba,vel rubi decocti sunt, po- tibus malis, supervacuum est.
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 293
non
int
eee ! CAP. XX.
言 勿飯 ( CHAP. XX.
majus
Tester Morbus Vulva.
Deratum Disease of the Womb.
pered nags
BST: 1. Vehemens malum quoque nascitur feminis ex vulvâ: que
A vehement disorder also arises to women from the womb ; and
dum. A proxime ab stomacho hæc vel afficitur vel afficit corpus.
ANT next (from) after the stomach this either is affected or affects the body
coctum Interdum etiam sic exanimat ut prosternat
asbeenble Sometimes also it 80 exanimates (depresses the vital powers) that it prostrates
nina tanquam comitiali morbo. Tamen hic casus distat eo,
asif inthe comitial disease (epilepsy). However this case differs in this,
sunt dis quod neque oculi vertuntur, nec spumæ profluunt, neque
ar, arede that neither the eyes are turned, nor dofoams flow forth, nor
Coneumma nervi distenduntur : est tantum sopor. Que (id) crebro
are the tendons convulsed : there is only sopor. And that frequently
revertens quibusdam feminis est perpetuum. Ubi id incidit, si
# theti returning to some women is constant. When that happens, if
; net est satis virium , sanguis missus adjuvat ;
adstri si est parum ,
trags there is enough ofstrength, blood (being) let relieves ; if there is little,
auster tamen cucurbitulæ sunt defigendæ in inguinibus. Si aut
rough still the cupping-glasses are to befixed · upon the groins. If either
site ; jacet diutius, aut alioqui consuevit jacere
d thirsting she lies long, or otherwise (at other times) has been used to lie (diutius, long, )
oportet admovere extinctum linamentum ex lucernâ , vel
potest it behooves to apply cotton (wick) from a lamp, or
may the extinguished
aliud ex iis, quæ retuli esse fœdioris odoris naribus ,
other thing of those, which I have stated to be of morefilthy smell to the nostrils,
Fine, quod excitet mulierem. Que perfusio frigidæ aquæ quoque
potui that it may rouse the woman. And the affusion of cold water also
fordriak.
efficit idem (sc. ut excitetur mulier). Que contrita ruta cum mielle
effects the same. And bruised rue with honey
adjuvat, vel ceratum ex cyprino, vel quodlibet calidum et humidum
ees that assists, or cerate of cyprus oil, ᎤᏛ any hot and moist
cataplasma impositum naturalibus tenus pube. Inter
cataplasm applied from the genitals (pudenda) up to the pubes. During
hæc oportet etiam perfricare coxas et poplites. Deinde ubi
these it behooves also to rub the hips and hams. Then when
rediit ad se, vinum est circumcidendum in totum
she has returned to herself, wine is to be cut off (interdicted) for a whole
Taace,ysing 9
ma
JAADORrEKART CAP. XX.- 1.Vulva Morbus.-Ex vulva quoque guinibus. Si diutius aut jacet aut alioqui ja
ro beradm feminis vehemens malum nascitur: proximeque cere consuevit, admovere oportet naribus ex
a abstomacho, vel afficitur hæc, vel corpus afficit. tinctum ex lucerna linamentum, vel aliud ex
vir Interdum etiam sic exanimat, ut tanquam iis, quæ fœdioris esse odoris retuli, quod muli
gicoiotdyen comitiali morbo prosternat. Distat tamen hic erem excitet. Idemque aquæ quoque frigidæ
rvtibagu,ett casus, eo quod neque oculi vertuntur, nec spu perfusio efficit. Adjuvatque ruta contrita cum
1 mæ profluunt, nec nervi distenduntur
feminis: crebro
sopor melle, vel ex cyprino ceratum, vel quodlibet
81,26 tantum est. Idque quibusdam
revertens perpetuum est. Ubi incidit, si satis
calidum et humidum cataplasma, naturalibus
pube tenus impositum. Inter hæc etiam per
es.t virium est, sanguis missus adjuvat : si parum fricare coxas et poplites oportet. Deinde, ubi
est, cucurbitulæ tamen defigendæ sunt in in ad se rediit, circumcidendum vinum est in to
294 A. CORN. CELSI
annum, etiamsi idem casus non revertitur utendum est (sc. ægræ)
year, although the same mishap does not return : she must use
frictione quotidie, quidem totius corporis , vero præcipue ventris
friction daily, even ofthe whole body, but especially ofthe belly
et poplitum ; cibus dandus ex mediâ materiâ : sinapi
and ofthe hams ; food to be given of the middle matter ; mustard
imponendum super imum ventrem quoque tertio aut quarto die,
to be applied upon the bottom (of) the belly every third or fourth day,
donec corpus rubeat. Si durities manet, solanum demissum
until the body grow red. If the hardness remains, nightshade let down
in lac, deinde contritum, videtur mollire commode ; et
into milk, then bruised, seems to soften (soothe) conveniently ; and
alba cera atque cervina medulla cum irino, aut taurinum vel
white wax and deer's marrow with iris ointment, or beef or
caprinum sevum mixtum cum rosâ. Vel castoreum, vel
goat's suet mixed with rose oil. Either castor, or
gith, vel anethum, est etiam dandum potui. Si est parum
fennelflower, or dill, is also to be given for drink. If she is not
pura purgetur quadrato junco. Vero
pure (cleansed ofthe menses) she should be cleansed by the square bulrush. But
si vulva est exulcerata, ceratum / fiat ex rosâ, et recens
if the womb is ulcerated, a cerate should be made with rose oil, and fresh
suilla adeps, et album ex ovis misceatur, que id apponatur ;
hog's lard, and the white of eggs should be mixed, and that should be applied :
vel album ex OVO mixtum cum rosâ, pulvere contritæ rosæ
or the white of an egg mixed with rose oil, the powder ofbruised rose(s)
adjecto, quo consistat facilius . Vero ea sc. vulva dolens
being added, that it may have consistence more easily. But it the womb) painful
debet suffumigari sulphure . At si nimia purgatio
ought to be fumigated with sulphur. But when excessive cleansing (menstruation)
nocet mulieri, cucurbitulæ , cute incisâ admotæ inguinibus ,
hurts a woman, the cupping-glasses, the skin being cut, applied to the groins,
vel etiam sub mammis, sunt (pro) afferunt remedio. Si purgatio
01 even under the mammeæ, are bring the remedy (relief). If the discharge
est maligna , coëuntia sunt subjicienda (hic plurima desunt).
is malignant, restringents are to be placed under.
Albæ olivæ etiam faciunt id, et nigrum papaver assumtum
White olives also do (answerfor) that, and black poppy taken
cum melle, et gummi liquatum cum trito semine apii,
with honey, and gum liquefied with the bruised seed ofparsley
et datum cum cyatho passi. Præter hæc, potiones,
and given with a glass of raisin wine. Besides these, potions,

tum annum, etiamsi casus idem non revertitur: | tum ex rosa fiat, et recens suilla adeps, et ex
frictione quotidie utendum totius quidem cor- ovis album misceatur, idque apponatur ; vel
poris, præcipue vero ventris, et poplitum ; cibus album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum, adjecto, quo
ex media materia dandus : sinapi super imum facilius consistat, contritæ rosæ pulvere. Do
ventrem tertio quoque aut quarto die imponen- lens vero ea sulphure suffumigari debet. At si
dum, donec
mollire corpusvidetur
commode rabeat.solanum
Si durities manet,
in lac purgatio nimia
de cucurbitulæ, cute mulieri nocet, remedio
incisa, inguinibus sunt
vel etiam
missum, cervina
medulla deinde contritum
cum irino,; etautcerasevum
alba tauri-
atque est,
sub mammis admotæ.
subjicienda Si malignaIdpurgatio
sunt coeuntia. faciunt
num vel caprinum cumrosa mixtum. Dandum etiam alba olivæ, et nigrum papaver cum
etiam potui vel castoreum est, vel gith, vel melle assumtum, et gummi cum trito semine
anethum. Si parum pura est, purgetur junco apii liquatum, et cum cyatho passi datum.
quadrato. Si vero vulva exulcerata est, cera- Præter hæc, in omnibus vesica doloribus ido
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 295

quæ fiunt ex odoribus, id est, spicâ nardi, croco,

which are made of aromatics, that is, spikenard , saffron,
cinnamo, casiâ, que similibus, sunt idoneæ in omnibus doloribus
cinnamon, cassia, and the like, are proper in all the pains
vesicæ : que lentiscus decocta etiam præstat idem.
ofthe bladder: and pistacia (mastick) boiled also answers the same.
Si tamen dolor est intolerabilis, et sanguis profluit, etiam
If however the pain is intolerable, and blood flows forth, even
detractio sanguinis est apta ; aut certe cucurbitutæ admotæ
detraction ofblood 'is fit ; or at least the cupping-glasses applied
coxis, cute incisâ.
to the hips, the skin being cut.
2. At cum urina profluens super modum
But when the urine flowing beyond the measure (the due proportion)
potionum, etiam sine dolore, facit maciem et • periculum ( iabeten
ofthe drinks, even without pain, causes emaciation and danger,
spectat), si est tenuis, est opus exercitatione et frictione, que maxime
if it is thin, there is need of exercise and friction, and especially
in sole, vel ad ignem : balneum debet esse rarum, neque mora
in the sun, or at the fire : the bath ought to be seldom, nor the stay
in eo longa : cibus comprimens : vinum austerum meracum, per
in it long : the food astringing: the wine rough pure, during
æstatem frigidum, per hiemem, egelidum ; sed tantum, quantum may sit
summer cold, winter, lukewarm ; but 80 much, as be
minimum. Infima alvus est quoque vel
the least (as little as possible). The lowest (bottom of) belly is also either
ducenda, vel purganda lacte. Si urina est crassa, et
to be clustered, or to be purged by milk. If the urine is thick, both
exercitatio et frictio debet esse vehementior : mora in balneo
the exercise and friction ought to be more vehement : the stay in the bath
longior : est opus teneris cibis : vinum idem. In
longer : there is need of tender foods : the wine the same (as above). In
utroque morbo omnia, quæ consuerunt movere urinam, sunt
both disease all things, which have been used to excite the urine, are
vitanda.
to be avoided.

neæ potiones sunt, quæ ex odoribus fiunt, id balneum rarumcomprimens

mora: cibus esse debet, : neque
vinumlonga in eo
austerum
est, spica nardi, croco, cinnamo, casia, simi
libusque idemque etiam decocta lentiscus meracum, per æstatem, frigidum, per hiemem,
præstat. Si tamen intolerabilis dolor est, et egelidum ; sed tantum, quantum minimum sit.
sanguis profluit, etiam sanguinis detractio Iufima alvus quoque vel ducenda, vel lacte
apta est; aut certe coxis admotæ cucurbitulæ
cute incisa. purganda est. Si crassa urina est, vehementior
esse debet et exercitatio, et frictio : longior in
2. At cum urina super potionum modum balneo mora: cibis opus est teneris : vinum
etiam sine dolore profluens maciem et pericu idem. In utroque morbo vitanda omnia sunt,
lum facit, si tenuis est, opus est exercitatione quæ urinam movere consuerunt.
et frictione, maximeque in sole, vel ad ignem :
 296 A. CORN. CELSI

CAP. XXI.
CHAP. XXI.
Profusio Seminis.
Excessive Flow of Semen.
Est etiam vitium circa naturalia, nimia profusio seminis,
There is also a disorder about the genitals, an excessive flow (emission) ofsemen,
quod (semen) sine venere, sine nocturnis imaginibus, sic ' fertur
which without venery, without nocturnal dreams, is so discharged
ut spatio interposito consumat hominem tabe. In
that time being interposed (in time) it destroys a person by wasting. In
hoc affectu vehementes frictiones, perfusiones, que natationes
this affection vehement frictions, affusions, and swimmings
quam frigidissimæ, sunt salutares : neque cibi, neque potio, nisi
the coldest possible, are salutary : neither foods, nor drink, unless
frigida, assumta. Autem oportet vitare cruditates , et omnia
cold, taken. But it behooves to avoid crudities, and all
inflantia : assumere nihil ex iis, quæ videntur
inflating (flatulent) things : to take nothing of those, which seem
contrahere semen ; qualia sunt siligo, simila,
to draw together (to generate) semen ; such are finest flour, fine flour,
ova, alica, amylum, omnis glutinosa caro, piper, eruca, bulbi,
eggs, maize, starch, all glutinous flesh, pepper, basil-royal, bulbs,
pinei nucle . i Neque est alienum , fovere inferiores partes
pine nuts. Nor is it beside the purpose, tofoment the lower parts
aquâ decoctâ ex comprimentibus verbenis : circumdare aliqua
with water boiled with astringing vervains: to apply some
cataplasmata ex iisdem imo ventri ; que præcipue rutam ex
cataplasms of the same to the bottom of the belly ; and especially rue with
aceto : et vitare ne obdormiat supinus.
vinegar: and to avoid that he sleep supine.

CAP. XXII.
CHAP. XXII.
Morbi Coxarum.
Diseases of the Hips.
Superest, ut veniam ad extremas partes corporis, que
It remains, that I come to the extreme parts ofthe body, which

CAP. XXI.- Seminis Profusio.-EST etiam circa siligo, simila, ova, alica, amylum, omnis caro
naturalia vitium, nimia profusio seminis, quod glutinosa, piper, eruca, bulbi, nuclei pinei.
fertur,venere,
sine sine nocturnis
ut, interposito spatio, imaginibus
tabe hominemsic Neque alienum
aqua decocta ex est, fovere
verbenis inferiores partes
comprimentibus : ex
consumat. In hoc affectu salutares sunt vehe iisdem aliqua cataplasmata imo ventri ingui
mentes frictiones, perfusiones, natationesque nibusque circumdare ; præcipueque ex aceto
quam frigidissimæ neque cibi, nec potio, nisi rutam vitare et ne supinus obdormiat.
frigida assumta. Vitare autem oportet crudi
tates, et omnia inflantia: nihil ex iis assumere, CAP. XXII.- Coxarum Morbi.-SUPEREST, ut
quæ contrahere semen videntur ; qualia sunt, ad extremas partes corporis veniam, quæ ar
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 297
conseruntur inter se articulis. Faciam
are connected amongst themselves (together) byjoints. I shall make
initium a coxis. Consuevit esse
the beginning (shall commence) from thehips. There has been used to be
ingens dolor harum : que is (sc. dolor) sæpe debilitat hominem, et
great pain ofthese: and it often debilitates the person, and
quosdam non dimittit. Que id genus curatur
some it does not dismiss (partfrom). And that kind is cured
difficillime, eo-quod post longos morbos pestifera vis fere
very difficultly, because after long diseases the pestiferous violence generally
inclinat se huc: quæ ut liberat
inclines itself(is directed) hither (to these parts) : which as it frees (quits)
alias partes, sic quoque prehendit hanc ipsam affectam . Primum
other parts, 80 also it lays hold of this itself affected. First
fovendum est calida aquâ: deinde utendum est calidis
we must foment with warm water : afterwards we must use hot
cataplasmatis. Concisus cortex capparis mixtus aut cum hordeaceâ
cataplasms. The cut bark ofcapers mixed either with barley
farinâ, aut decocta cum ficu ex aquâ, videtur prodesse maxime ;
meal, or decocted with afig in water, seems to benefit most ofall (best) ;
vel farina lolii cocta ex diluto vino, et mixta aridâ fæce :
or the meal ofdarnel boiled with diluted wine, and mixed with dried lees :
quæ quia refrigescunt, est commodius imponere malagmata
which because they grow cold, it is more convenient to apply plaisters
noctu. Radix Inulæ (Helenii) quoque contusa, et postea
at night. The root of Elecampane also bruised, and afterwards
cocta ex austero vino, et imposita late super coxam ,
boiled from rough wine, and applied broadly (extensively) upon the hip,
est inter valentissima auxilia. Si ista non
is amongst the most powerful aids (remedies). If those have not
solverunt sc. morbum, utendum est calido et humido sale. Si
removed thedisease, we must use hot and moist salt. If
dolor ne finitus est quidem sic, aut tumor
thepain has not been terminated even so (by the above means), or swelling
accedit ei (dolori) , cute incisâ, cucurbitulæ sunt admovendæ ;
succeeds to it, the skin being incised, the cupping-glasses are to be applied ;
urina movenda ; alvus, si est compressa, ducenda. Ultimum
the urine to be excited ; the belly, if it is bound, to be clystered. The last thing
(remedium) est, et in veteribus morbis quoque efficacissimum ,
is, and in old diseases also the most efficacious,
exulcerare, candentibus ferris, cutem super coxam tribus aut quatuor
to ulcerate, with hot irons, the skin over the hip in three Or four

ticulis inter se conseruntur. Initium a coxis et mixta cum arida fæce : quæ quia refrige
faciam. Harum ingens dolor esse consuevit : scunt, imponere noctu malagmata commodius
isque hominem sæpe debilitat, et quosdam non est. Inulæ quoque radix contusa, et postea ex
dimittit. Eoque id genus difficillime curatur, vino
sita, austero cocta, et lateauxilia
inter valentissima super est.
coxamSiimpo
ista
quod fere post longos morbos vis pestifera huc non solverunt, sale calido et humido utendum
se inclinat : quæ ut alias partes liberat, sic
hanc ipsam quoque affectam prehendit. Fo est. Si ne sic quidem finitus dolor est, aut tu
vendum primum aqua calida est : deinde uten mor ei accedit, incisa cute admovendæ sunt
dum calidis cataplasmatis. Maxime prodesse cucurbitulæ
pressa ; movenda urina ; alvus, si com
est, ducenda.
videtur, aut cum hordeacea farina, aut cum Ultimum est, et in vete
ficu ex aqua decocta mixtus capparis cortex ribus quoque morbis efficacissimum, tribus aut
concisus; vel lolii farina ex vino diluto cocta, quatuor locis super coxam, cutem candentibus
03
298 A. CORN. CELSI
locis. Utendum est frictione quoque, maxime in sole, et sæpe
places. We must use friction also, especially in the sun, and often
eodem die : quo ea, quæ nocuerunt coëundo,
on the same day : in order that those things, which have injured by collecting,
digerantur facilius : que ea (sc. frictio), si est nulla exulceratio,
maybe dispersed more easily : and it, if there is no ulceration,
est adhibenda etiam coxis ipsis; si est (exulceratio),
is to be applied even tothe hips themselves; ifthere is,
ceteris partibus. Vero cum sæpe exulcerandum sit aliquid
to the other parts. But as often we must ulcerute somewhat
candenti ferramento, ut inutilis materia evocetur,
with a hot iron, that the injurious matter be calledforth (evacuated),
illud sc. regulum est perpetuum, non sanare ulcera hujûs
this the following is general, not to heal up ulcers of this
generis, ut primum potest fieri ; sed trahere ea,
kind, as first (as soon as) it can be done ; but to prolong them
donec id vitium , cui opitulamur per hæc (ulcera),
(keep them open), until that disease, which we relieve by them,
conquiescat.
subside.

CAP. XXIII.
CHAP. XXIII.
Dolores Genuum.
Pains of the Knees.
Genua sunt proxima coxis : in quibus ipsis dolor
The knees are next to the hips: in which themselves pain
consuevit nonnunquam esse. Autem præsidium
has been accustomed sometimes to be (arise). But the protection (relief)
est in iisdem cataplasmatis que cucurbitulis :
is (consists) in the same (alike in) cataplasms and the cupping-glasses:
sicut etiam, cum aliquis dolor exortus est in humeris , ve
as in like manner also, when any pain has arisen in theshoulders, or
aliis commissuris. Est inimicissimum ei, cui genua
the other joints. It is most injurious forhim, to whom the knees
dolent, equitare. Autem omnes dolores ejusmodi , ubi
are in pain, to ride. But all pains ofthat kind, when
inveteraverunt, vix finiuntur citra ustionem.
they have inveterated, scarcely are terminated without burning (the actual cautery).

ferramentis exulcerare. Frictione quoque uten CAP.XXIII.-Genuum Dolores.-COXIS proxima

dum est, maxime in sole, et eodem die sæpius ; genua sunt : in quibus ipsis nonnunquam dolor
quo facilius ea, quæ coëundo nocuerunt, dige esse consuevit. In iisdem autem cataplasmatis
rantur: eaque, si nulla exulceratio est, etiam cucurbitulisque præsidium est : sicut etiam,
ipsis coxis; est, ceteris partibus
est. Cum sivero adhibenda
sæpe aliquid exulcerandum cum in humeris, aliisve commissuris dolor ali
quis exortus est. Equitare ei , cuiautem
est. Omnes
do
genuaejus
candenti ferramento sit, ut materia inutilis lent, inimicissimum
evocetur, illud perpetuum est, non, ut primum modi dolores, ubi inveteraverunt, vix citra
fieri potest, hujus generis ulcera sanare ; sed ustionem finiuntur.
ea trahere,
lamur, donec id vitium, cui per hæc opitu
conquiescat.
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 299

CAP. XXIV.
CHAP. XXIV.
Vitia Manuum que Pedum.
Disorders of the Hands and Feet.
Vitia articulorum in manibus que pedibus, quæ consuerunt
The diseases of thejoints in the hands and feet, which have been used
esse in podagris ve chiragris, sunt frequentiora que
arise in foot-gouts or hand-gouts, are morefrequent and
ongiora. Ea (vitia) raro tentant vel castratos (sc. viros) ,
longer. Those seldom attack either castrated men (eunuchs),
vel pueros ante coitum feminæ, vel mulieres, nisi
07 boys before the congress ofthe woman (coition), or women, except
quibus menstrua sunt suppressa. Ubi (vitia) cœperunt sentiri,
to whom the menses are suppressed. When they have begun to befelt,
sanguis est mittendus: enim id (sanguin em mittere) factum statim
blood is to be let : For that (being) done immediately
inter initia sæpe præstat annuam , nonnunquam
at the beginning often affords (secures) a year's (for one year), sometimes
perpetuam bonam valetudinem. Quidam etiam, cuin
constant (continued) good health. Some also, when
eluissent sese asinino lacte epoto, evaserunt hoc
they had washed out themselves by asses milk being drank, have escaped this
malum in perpetuum. Quidam cum temperassent sibi
disease for ever. Some when they had restrained themselves
toto anno a vino, mulso, venere, consecuti sunt
for a whole year from wine, honeyed wine, venery, have effected
securitatem totiûs vitæ. Que id
the security oftheir whole life (an immunity for life). And that
utique est servandum post primum dolorem, etiamsi quievit.
moreover i8 to be observed after the first pain, although it has ceased.
Quod si cousuetudo ejús jam facta est,
But if the custom (habit) of it already hasbeen made (already established),
aliquis quidem potest esse securior iis temporibus, quibus
a person indeed may be more secure at those times, in which
dolor remisit se: vero debet adhibere majorem curam
the pain has remitted itself: but he ought to use greater caution
iis (temporibus) quibus id revertitur ; quod fere
at those at which that returns; which generally
solet fieri vere ve autumno. Vero cum dolor urget ,
is accustomed to happen in the spring or autumn. But when pain urges,

CAP. XXIV.-ManuumPedumque Vitia.-IN ma malum evaserunt. Quidam, cum toto anno a

nibus pedibusque articulorum vitia frequen vino, mulso, venere sibi temperassent, secu
tiora longioraque sunt ; quae in podagris chi ritatem totius vitæ consecuti sunt.
que post primum dolorem servandum Idque uti
ragrisve esse consuerunt. Eararo vel castratos, est,
vel pueros ante feminæ coitum, vel mulieres, etiamsiest,quievit. Quod si jam consuetudo ejus
nisi quibus menstrua suppressa sunt, tentant. facta potest quidem aliquis esse securior
mittendus est :
Ubi sentiri cœperunt, sanguisfactum, iis temporibus, quibus dolor se remisit : ma
id enim inter initia statim sæpe an jorem vero curam adhibere debet iis, quibus id
nuam, nonnunquam perpetuam valetudinem revertitur ; quod fere vere autumnove fieri
cum asinino
bonam præstat. Quidam etiam,perpetuum solet. Cum
lacte epoto sese eluissent, in hoc debet; deindeveroferri,
dolorinambulatione
urget, mane leni
gestari
se
 300 A. CORN. CELSI

debet gestari mane ; deinde ferri, dimovere

heought to be carried (in a carriage) in the morning ; then to be carried, to move
se leni inambulatione, et, si est podagra, exiguis
(exercise) himself by gentle walking, and, if it is foot-gout, small
temporibus interpositis, invicem modo sedere, modo ingredi ;
intervals being interposed, by turns sometimes to sit, sometimes to walk ;
tum antequam capiat cibum, perfricari leniter calido loco
then before that he take food, to be rubbed gently in a warm place
sine balneo, sudar e, perfundi egelidâ aquâ ; deinde
without a bath, to sweat, to be affused with lukewarm water ; then
sumere cibum ex mediâ materia, rebus moventibus urinam
to take food of the intermediate matter, things exciting the urine
interpositis ; que quoties est plenior evomere.
being interposed ; and as often as he is fuller (more plethoric) to vomit up.
Ubi vehemens dolor urget, interest is (dolor)
When violent pain urges, itimports (there is a difference) whether it
sit sine tumore, an tumor sit cum calore, an tumor
be without swelling, or a swelling be with heat, or the tumour
jam etiam obcalluerit. Nam est nullus tumor,
already also have become hard and callous. For if there is no tumour, I
est opus calidis fomentis. Oportet fervescere marinam
there is need of hot fomentations. It behooves to boil sea
aquam , vel duram muriam, deinde conjicere in pelvem, et
water, or hard (strong) brine, then to throw it into a basin, and
cum jam homo potest pati, demittere pedes, que
when now the person can bear it, to let down (immerse) the feet, and
dare pallam super, et tegere vestiment o ; deinde paulatim
to spread a robe over, and to cover them with clothes; then gradually
infundere leniter, juxta labrum ipsum ex eadem aquâ, (ut) calor ne
to pour in gently, near the brim itself of the same water, thatthe heat may not
destituat intus; ac deinde imponere calefacientia cataplasmata noctu,
fail within; and afterwards to apply heating cataplasms at night,
que maxime radicem hibisci (simplicis) coctam ex vino.
and especially the root ofhibiscus (Syrian Mallow) boiled in wine.
Vero si est tumor que calor, refrigerantia
But if there is swelling and heat, refrigerating (things)
sunt utiliora, que articuli continentur
(refrigerants) are more serviceable, and thejoints are kept
recte aquâ quam frigidissimâ ; sed neque quotidie neque
properly in water the coldest possible ; but neither daily nor
diu, ne nervi lædantur. Vero cataplasma quod
for a long time, lest the sinews be injured. But a cataplasm which

dimovere, et. si podagra est, interpositis tem in pelvem conjicere, et, cum jam homo pati
poribus exiguis, invicem modo sedere, modo potest, pedes demittere, superque pallam dare,
ingredi; tum, antequam cibum capiat, sine et vestimento tegere ; paulatim deinde juxta
balneo, loco calido leniter perfricari, sudare, labrum ipsum ex eadem aqua leniter infundere,
perfundi aqua egelida ; deinde cibum sumere ne calor intus destituat ; ac deinde noctu cata
ex media materia, interpositis rebus urinam plasmata calefacientia imponere, maximeque
moventibus; quotiesque plenior est, evomere. hibisci radicem ex vino coctam.
Ubi dolor vehemens urget, interest, sine tu Si vero tumor calorque est, utiliora sunt re
more is sit, an tumor cum calore, an tumor frigerantia, recteque in aqua quam frigidis
jam etiam obcalluerit. Nam si tumor nullus sima articuli continentur ; sed neque quotidie,
est,calidis fomentis opus est. Aquam marinam, neque diu, ne nervi lædantur. Imponendum vero
vel muriam duram fervefacere oportet, deinde est cataplasma, quod refrigeret : neque tamen
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 301

refrigeret est imponendum : neque tamen permanendum

is cooling is to be applied ; nor however must he remain ( persevere
in hoc ipso diu ; sed transeundum ad ea, quæ si
in this itself (even) long; but pass (change) to those, which 80
reprimunt, ut emolliant. Si dolor est major,
repel, that they soften (soothe). If the pain is greater,
cortices papaveris sunt coquendi in vino, que
the rinds (capsules, heads) ofpoppy are to be boiled in wine, and
miscendi cerato, quod sit factum ex rosâ : vel tantundem
to be mixed with the cerate, which is made of rose oil: or so much
ceræ et adipis suillæ liquandum una, deinde
(equal parts) ofwax and ofthe lard of a hog to be melted together, then
vinum miscendum his, atque ubi quod ex eo impositum est
wine to be mixed with these, and when what of it has been applied
incaluit, detrahendum , et aliud est subinde
has become hot, (it is) to be withdrawn (removed), and another is immediately
imponendum . Vero si tumores etiam obcalluerunt, et
to be applied. But when the tumours also have grown callous , and
* dolent, spongia, quæ subinde exprime tur ex oleo, et aceto , vel
are painful, a sponge , which frequently is squeezed from oil and vinegar, or
frigidâ aquâ, imposita, levat ; aut pix, cera, alumen mixta
cold water, applied, relieves ; 01° pitch, wax, alum mixed
inter se pari ratione. Plura malagmata etiam
together in equal proportion(s). Several plaisters also
sunt idonea manibus que pedibus. Quod si dolor patitur
are proper for the hands and feet. But when the pain suffers
nihil superimponi, oportet fovere id, quod est sine
nothing to be applied, it behooves tofoment that, which is without
tumore, spongiâ, quæ demittatur in calidam aquam , in
swelling, with a sponge, which may be dipped into hot water, in
quâ (aquâ) vel cortices papaveris, vel radix silvestris cucumeris
which either the heads ofpoppy, 01 the root of the wild cucumber
decocta sit ; tum inducere articulis crocum cum succo papaveris
has been boiled ; then to put over thejoints saffron with the juice ofpoppy
et ovillo lacte. At si est tumor, debet quidem
and sheep's (eive's) milk. But if there is swelling, he ought indeed
fovere egelidâ aquâ, in quâ lentiscus, vel alia verbena ex
tofoment in lukewarm water, in which lentil, or some vervain from
reprimentibus decocta sit : vero medicamentum (debet) induci ex
the repelling (ents) has been decocted : but a medicine to be applied of
amaris nucibus tritis cum aceto ; aut ex cerussâ cui
bitter nuts rubbed with vinegar; or of white lead (carbonate) to which

in hoc ipso diu permanendum ; sed ad ea pix, cera, alumen. Sunt etiam plura idonea
transeundum, quæ sic reprimunt, ut emolliant. manibus pedibusque malagmata. Quod si ui
Si major est dolor, papaveris cortices in vino hil superimponi dolor patitur, id, quod sine
coquendi, miscendique cum cerato sunt, quod tumore est, fovere oportet spongia, quæ in
ex rosa factum sit : vel ceræ et adipis suillæ aquam
ris cortices, vel demittatur,
calidam in qua velradix
cucumeris silvestris papave
de
tantundem una liquandum, deinde his vinum
miscendum, succo sit
cocta ; tum inducere lacte. crocum
et ovilloarticulis cum
est, incaluit,atque ubi, quod etex eo impositum
detrahendum, subinde aliud papaveris At si tumor
imponendum est. Si vero tumores etiam ob est, fovere quidem debet aqua egelida, in qua
calluerunt, et dolent, levat spongia imposita, lentiscus, aliave verbena ex reprimentibus
quæ subinde ex oleo, et aceto, vel aqua frigida decocta sit : induci vero medicamentum ex
exprimitur; aut pari portione inter se mixta nucibus amaris cum aceto tritis ; aut ex ce
 302 A. CORN. CELSI

succus contritæ herbæ muralis adjectus sit. Lapis etiam, qui

thejuice ofthebruised herb wall-wort has been added. The stone also , which
exedit carnem , quem Græci vocant σapkopάyov (sarkophagon), excisus
eats out the flesh, which the Greeks call sarcophagus, cut out
sic ut capiat pedes, consuevit levare eos, demissos que
80 that it cantake (receive) the feet, has been used to relieve them, letdown and
retentos ibi, cum dolent. Ex quo est gratia
kept there, when they are in pain. From which there is favour
lapidi Asio in Asiâ. Ubi dolor et inflammatio remiserunt
to the stone Asius in Asia. When thepain and inflammation have remitted
se, quod fit intra quadragin dies ta nisi vitium hominis
themselves, which happens within forty days unless afault oftheperson (bad
accessit, utendum est modicis exercitationibus, abstinentiâ,
constitution) has been added,, he must use moderate exercises, abstinence ,
lenibus unctionibus, sic ut articuli perfricentur etiam acopon, vel
gentle inunctions, 80 that thejoints be rubbed also with an acopon, or
liquido cyprino cerato . Est quoque alienum podagricis
a liquid cyprus oil cerate. It is also improper forgoutyfooted persons
equitare. Vero quibus dolor articulorum revertitur certis temporibus,
to ride. But to whom pain ofthe joints returns at certain times,
oportet ante hos (dolores) cavere et curioso victu, et
it behooves before them to take care both by cautious living, and
crebriore vomitu, inutilis materia ne supersit
more frequent vomiting, that a useless (redundant) matter do not remain
corpori ; et si est quis metus ex corpore, vel uti
in the body; and if there is any fear from the body, either to use
ductione alvi, vel purgari lacte. Quod Erasistratus
clystering ofthe belly, or to be purged by milk. Which Erasistratus
expulit in podagricis, ne cursus factus in
expelled in goutyfooted persons, lest the course being made (the diversion) to
inferiores partes repleret pedes: cum sit evidens non
the inferior parts should overfill he feet : though it be evident that not
tantummodo superiora, sed etiam inferiora (sc. membra exinaniri
only the superior, but even the inferior (sc. parts are emptied
omni purgatione.
by every (kind of) purgation.

russa, cui contritæ herbæ muralis succus sit Equitare podagricis quoque alienum est.
adjectus. Lapis etiam, qui carnem exedit, Quibus vero articulorum dolor certis tempori
quem capropayor Græci vocant, excisus, sic ut bus revertitur, hos ante et curioso victu cavere
pedes capiat, demissos eos, cum dolent, re oportet, ne inutilis materia corpori supersit,
tentosque ibi levare consuevit. Ex quo inAsia et crebriore vomitu ; et, siuti,quis
lapidi Asio gratia est. Ubi dolor et inflam tus est, vel alvi ductione velexlacte
corpore me
purgari.
matio se remiserunt, (quod intra dies quadra. Quod Erasistratus in podagricis expulit, ne in
ginta fit, nisi vitium
exercitationibus, hominis unctionibus
abstinentia, accessit) modicis
leni inferiores partes factus cursus pedes repleret :
cum evidens sit, omni purgatione non superiora
bus utendum est, sic, ut etiam acopo, vel li tantummodo, sed etiam inferiora exinaniri.
quido cerato cyprino articuli perfricentur.
 MEDICINE LIB. IV. 303

CAP. XXV.
CHAP. XXV.
Refectio Convalescentium.
The Recruiting of those Convalescent (Persons) (Convalescents).
Autem ex quocunque morbo quis convalescit , si confirmatur
But from whatever disease aperson is convalescent , if he is strengthened
tarde, debet vigilare primâ luce ; nihilominus conquiescere in lecto :
slowly, he ought to wake at thefirst light ; nevertheless to rest quiet in bed :
circa tertiam horam leniter permulcere corpus manibus unctis :
about the third hour gently to rub the body with the hands anointed :
tum causâ delectationis , quantum juvat, ambulare, omni
then for the cause ofamusement, sofar as it amuses, to walk , every (kindof)
negotiosâ actione circumcisâ : tum gestari diu : uti
business action being laid aside: then to be carried a long time: to use
multâ frictione : sæpe mutare loca, ' cœlum , cibos : ubi
much friction : often to change theplaces, air, food(8): when
bibit vinum triduo ve quatriduo, uno aut etiam
he has drank wine for three or four days, for one ᎾᏛ even
altero die interponere aquam . Enim per hæc fiet
another (two) day tointerpose water. For by these it will happen
ne incidat in vitia inferentia tabem, et ut
that he do not fall into diseases bringing on consumption, and that
mature recipiat suas vires. Vero cum convaluerit ex toto,
he quickly recover his strength. But when he has recovered entirely,
mutabit subito genus vitæ, et aget inordinate,
he will change suddenly the kind oflife, and will act irregularly,
periculose. Ergo debebit, his
dangerously (it will be dangerous to do so) . Therefore he (will)ought, these
legibus omissis, transire paulatim eo, ut vivat
laws being omitted, to change gradually thither, that he may live
suo arbitrio.
at his own will (discretion).

CAP. XXV. Convalescentium Refectio. - Ex duo quatriduove vinum bibit, uno aut etiam
quocunque autem morbo quis convalescit, si altero die interponere aquam. Per hæc enim
tarde confirmatur, vigilare prima luce debet ; fiet, ne in vitia tabem inferentia incidat, et ut
nihilominus in lecto conquiescere : circa ter mature vires suas recipiat. Cum vero ex toto
tiam horam leniter unctis manibus corpus convaluerit, periculose vitæ genus subito
permulcere : deinde delectationis causa, quan mutabit, et inordinate aget. Paulatim ergo
tum juvat, ambulare, circumcisa omni nego debebit, omissis his legibus, eo transire, ut
tiosa actione : tum gestari diu : multa frictione arbitrio suo vivat.
uti : loca, cœlum, cibos sæpe mutare : ubi tri

PRINTED BY J. AND C. ADLARD, BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE.

 For Students Preparing for Examination .

I.
GREGORY'S CONSPECTUS , LATIN and ENGLISH, by Dr. VENABLES.
A LITERAL INTERLINEAL TRANSLATION of the first
Twenty-three Chapters of GREGORY'S CONSPECTUS MEDICINE
THEORETICE; being the First Part, and comprehending the Funda
mental Principles and General Doctrines of Physiology and Pathology,
with the Text underneath, and Ordo Verborum ; and Rules for Construing
and Arranging the Words of Latin Sentences in legitimate Order for
Translation, illustrated by Examples from Celsus and Gregory. By
ROBERT VENABLES, A.M. M.B., Oxon. Price 12s.
" An accurate translation , and will prove of great service to students desirous
of speedily preparing themselves in the Medical Classics, previous to the operation
of the new regulations for extending the classical examination of students after the
1st October, 1836." -London Med. and Surg. Journal.
" It certainly exhibits proofs of great industry."— Lancet.
II.
DR. VENABLES' MANUAL FOR APOTHECARIES' HALL.
MANUAL of CHEMISTRY and TOXICOLOGY ; comprehending
the SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, MORBID APPEARANCES, ANTIDOTES, TREAT
MENT, and METHOD of DETECTING POISONS. Arranged in the form of
Aphorisms ; with the Decompositions of the London Pharmacopoeia,
Therapeutical Remarks upon the Doses of the Preparations, and their Use
in the Treatment of Diseases. For Students preparing for Examination,
and Junior Practitioners in Medicine. By ROBERT VENABLES ,
A.M. M.B., Oxon . 2d Edition, 7s.
" The student will find this a very useful little work. It comprehends all the
practical facts in Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Toxicology, and will be particularly
available for impressing on the memory what has been learned at lecture, or from
class-books."-Med. Gaz.
III.
CONSPECTUS MEDICINE THEORETICÆ, ad usum Academicum.
Auctore JACOBO GREGORY, M.D. Pars Prima, Physiologiam et
Pathologiam complectens. Editio novo. Accurately printed in Pearl
letter, and neatly bound for the Pocket, price 5s.
This volume comprehends the first Twenty-three Chapters of Gregory's
Conspectus, comprising the Fundamental Doctrines of Physiology and Pathology ;
being the portion selected by the Court of Apothecaries' Hall for Examination of
Candidates for the Diploma. It is a reprint of the Text from Dr. Venables'
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The Publishers confidently hope that the accuracy, portability, and moderate price
of this little volume will ensure it an extensive circulation.
MANUAL OF PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY.
PARKINSON's NEW LONDON CHEMICAL POCKET- BOOK,
or MEMORANDA CHEMICA ; being a Compendium of PRACTICAL
and PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY, adapted to the Daily Use of the
Student. New Edition . By JOHN BARNES , Surgeon- Apothecary.
7s. 6d. bound and lettered.
 November 1st, 1835.

VALUABLE

MEDICAL BOOKS ,

Published by

SHERWOOD, GILBERT, AND PIPER,

PATERNOSTER-ROW, LONDON.

Dr. James Clark on Consumption.

TREATISE on PULMONARY CONSUMPTION, comprehend
ing an Inquiry into the Nature , Causes, Prevention, and Treatment of TUBER
CULOUS and SCROFULOUS DISEASES IN GENERAL. By JAMES CLARK,
M.D. F.R.S. 8vo. price 12s.
" Dr. Clark's treatise on Consumption is the best that has yet been published in this country, or
on the Continent ; it shows an intimate knowledge of the improved methods of diagnosis, and of
the morbid anatomy so successfully investigated by the Continental pathologists, and by Professor
Carswell; while it displays an acquaintance with the resources of the system, and the power of
therapeutic agents, only possessed in this country and in Germany."-Lancet, Aug. 1835.
" We recommend strongly the study of the author's hygienic remarks to our professional brethren ;
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NURSING, DRESS, BATHING, AIR, EXERCISE, and EDUCATION. We have seldom seen a
medical work more deserving of general circulation, or one that we would more zealously recom
meud to the younger members of the profession."-Medical Quarterly Review, April, 1835.

Dr. Prichard on Insanity.

TREATISE on INSANITY, and other DISORDERS affecting
the MIND ; accompanied with numerous Cases, exemplifying various Descrip
tions of Madness. By J. C. PRICHARD, M.D. , F.R.S. Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France ; Member ofthe Royal Academy of Medicine of Paris, and of
the Philosophical Society of Sienna; and Senior Physician of the Bristol Infirmary.
Handsomely printed in Octavo, price 14s. in cloth.
" Dr. Prichard's work shows an extensive knowledge of his subject. The materials have been in
dustriously collected in our own and in foreign asylums,-in the British, but more particularly in the
French and German writers on Insanity. The style is elaborately finished . The work will form an
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literature ofthe disease."-Lancet, Aug. 1835.
"The author is entitled to great respect for his opinions, not only because he is well known as a
man of extensive erudition, but also on account of his practical acquaintance with the subject on
which he writes. The work, we may safely say, is the best, as well as the latest, on mental derange
ment, inthe English language."-Medico-Chirurgical Journal, July, 1835.
" It is the most elaborate, comprehensive, and useful treatise on Insanity, that has yet appeared
in this country."-Medical Quarterly Review, April 1835.

Barnes's Medical Botany.

TABLE, containing the CLASS, ORDER, PLACE of GROWTH,
FORM of EXHIBITION, PROPERTY, DOSE, ACTIVE PRINCIPLE, and NAME of
SUBSTANCE of the PLANTS used in MEDICINE ; for the Use of Students. By
JOHN BARNES, Lecturer on Materia Medica. Price 2s. 6d. in cloth, for the
pocket, or 1s. on a sheet.
" This is a useful pocket compendium, and the facts which it contains are those which young
medical botanists most need to fix in their memory, compressed into a smail form, and stripped of
superfluous matter. This conspectus of Mr. Barnes's is well suited to the object of his labours, which
is clearly arranged, neatly printed, and has our recommendation, as a cheap and useful adjunct to
the stock of medical books."-Lancet, April 1835.
 MedicalBookspublished by Sherwood and Co.

BUZ For Studen Student's Manual ofPractical Surgery.

DON SURGICAL POCKET -BOOK, (Medic
and Mechanical funded no thePopularLECTURESandWORKS INTR
TET, Sir ASTLEY COOPER, Mr. LAWRENCE, and other illustrate
GREGORY'S CONSPECTUS -digested in the Order ofCAUSES, SYMPTOMS, CHIC
A LITERAL INTERt, Dumas, Pacs, Modes of OPERATION, and
Twenty-three Chapters of G and Pata Pactice; including an adaptedPharm
ted intermediate PracticAL QUESTIONS and ANSWERS,
Inition before the Royal College of Surgeons ; Anated
THEORETICA ; being the Gary,&c. for the convenience ofthe Junior Branch
mental Principles and Genera les,&c. Price l boundand lettered.
with the Text underneath , and duplies theplace ofthe "Surgeon's Vade-Mecen"; 14
and Arranging the Words of sopopular: every student and junior pra
de best national and foreign works under contr
Translation , illustrated by Exa dinho a small space. The work only rep
ROBERT VENABLES , A.M. By's MedicalJournal
" An accurate translation, and will l ofthePractice ofPhysic. ICAL
of speedily preparing themselves in the
of the new regulations for extending the AL PHARMACEUT
1st October, 1836." -London Med. and Su explainingatm
the Causes, Symptoms, Diag
Tre ent ; the Natural and Cle
" It certainly exhibits proofs of great i Uses, Doses and Forms ofExhibition;
Preparations ofthe various Substa
II Parmacop aias ofLondon, Edin
DR. VENABLES' MANUAL FO Medicines, and Latest Disc we
&c.; including Not ices from
MANUAL of CHEMISTRY and tus ofPrescraliptions inMe dic
rof ession authorities. I
the SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, MORBID A
MENT, and METHOD of DETECTING PO
Aphorisms ; with the Decompositions
Therapeutical Remarks upon the Doses of istry.
in the Treatment of Diseases. For Stude CKET-BOO
and Junior Practitioners in Medicine. nd PRARA
Edition
A.M. M.B., Oxon. 2d Edition, 7s.
The student will find this a very useful little ng
practical facts in Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Toxic Buci
available for impressing on the memory what has b
class-books."- Med. Gaz.
III.
CONSPECTUS MEDICINE THEORETICA
Auctore JACOBO GREGORY, M.D. Pars
Pathologiam complectens. Editio novo. Accu
letter, and neatly bound for the Pocket, price 5s.
** This volume comprehends the first Twenty-thre
Conspectus, comprising the Fundamental Doctrines of Phy
being the portion selected by the Court of Apothecaries' H
Candidates for the Diploma. It is a reprint of the Tex
Interlineal Translation, and has been revised with the greates
The Publishers confidently hope that the accuracy, portability
of this little volume will ensure it an extensive circulation.
PARKINSON's NEW LONDON CHEMICAL POMedicalBotany
MANUAL OF PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY. ER O
ASS , DOORSDE ACCITNIE
I
or MEMORANDA CHEMICA ; being a Compendium in MED
and PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY, adapted to the Daily
Student. New Edition . By JOHN BARNES, Surgeon
7s. 6d. bound and lettered.
 God and Co.

MAN ANATOMY
By JAMESPAXTON
cletti

NDPIPER

The First Ten

SPOON, comprehend
ByJAMES CLARK

adotherDISORDERS affecting
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2 Medical Books published by Sherwood and Co.

Boivin and Duges on the Uterus.

PRACTICAL TREATISE on the DISEASES of the UTERUS
and its APPENDAGES. Translated from the French of MME. BOIVIN, Sage
Femme Surveillante en Chef de la Maison Royale de Santé, &c ., and A. DUGES,
Professeur à la Faculté de Medecine Montpellier, &c.: with copious Notes, by
G. O. HEMING, M.D. Glasg. F.L.S. Physician Accoucheur to the St. Pancras
Infirmary, &c. Elegantly printed in One large Volume , 8vo . 14s. boards.
Also, FORTY- ONE PLATES to illustrate the above, engraved from the
originals, as Drawings from Nature, by MDE. BOIVIN. Price 128.; or accurately
coloured, 1. 118. 6d.
" The work of Boivin and Duges, on the Diseases of the Uterus, is indispensable to the library of
every practitioner: nothing can exceed in fidelity the description here given ofthe natural structure
of the uterus, and the various morbid changes to which that organ is liable ; and Dr. Heming has
shewn a sound discrimination in rendering it into English."- Lancet.
" The Preface, by Dr. Heming, contains a slight sketch of the recent improvements in this de
partment of medical science, in which the structure of the healthy uterus, and its appendages, is
considered in the infantile, virgin, pregnant, and puerperal states....Many excellent observations
are added, both from Dr. Heming's own experience, and from the writings of the best authors of
this country, and, whenever he has stated his own opinions, they appear to be sensible and to the
purpose. The Plates to the work are of great assistance in understanding the Author's descriptions,
and are exceedingly cheap.”—Medical Quarterly Review, Oct. 1834.

Hoblyn's Medical Dictionary.

DICTIONARY of TERMS used in MEDICINE and the
COLLATERAL SCIENCES ; a MANUAL, for the USE of STUDENTS and the
SCIENTIFIC READER : containing the ETYMOLOGY and MEANING, NOMENCLATURES, 1
CLASSIFICATIONS of NOSOLOGY, MATERIA MEDICA, POISONS and their ANTIDOTES, Analyses
of MINERAL WATERS, an Account of CLIMATES , & C.; Tabular Sketches of CHEMISTRY,
MEDICAL BOTANY, and ZOOLOGY. By RICHARD D. HOBLYN, A.M. late of Balliol
College , Oxford . Price 99.
" A work much wanted, and very ably executed." -London Medical Journal, Sept. 1835.
" This compendious volume is well adapted for the use of Students. It contains a complete Glos
sary of the terms used in Medicine,-not only those in common use, but also the more recent and
less familiar names introduced by modern writers. The introduction of tabular views of different
subjects is at once comprehensive and satisfactory. It must not however be supposed that the
volume is a mere word-book ; it is, on the contrary, an extremely interesting manual, beautifully
printed, containing much excellent matter in a little space, and is deserving of our strong recommen
dation."-Medical Gazette, Sept. 1835.
" Concise and ingenious."-Johnson's Medico Journal, Oct. 1835.
" It is a very learned, painstaking, complete, and useful work-a Dictionary absolutely necessary
in a medical library."-Spectator, Nov. 1, 1835.

By Dr. Marshall Hall.

PRINCIPLES of DIAGNOSIS, founded on the HISTORY,
SYMPTOMS, MORBID ANATOMY, and the EFFECTS of REMEDIES. Second
Edition, entirely re-written . By MARSHALL HALL, M.D. F.R.S. L. and E., Lec
turer on the Practice of Physic, &c. &c. Complete in One Volume, price 148. bds.
This work is written as a guide in the study of the Practice of Physic.
"The object of it is most important, the execution of it is very able, and I have read it with great
advantage."- M. Baillie.
COMMENTARIES principally on some DISEASES of FEMALES
which are in their Nature and Origin CONSTITUTIONAL. New Edition , with
Plates, price 168.
OBSERVATIONS on the due ADMINISTRATION of BLOOD
LETTING; founded upon Researches principally relative to the MORBID and
CURATIVE EFFECTS of the LOSS of BLOOD. 98.
" We believe the credit of having first put forward in a strong light, the practical utility ofat
tending to these pointsopportunity
(blood-letting) is eminently due Dr. Marshall ***
" We may take this of recommending Dr.toHall's valuable Hall.
work to our readers ; they
will find in it several rules and observations of great importance relative to blood-letting, as a diag
nostic of diseases."-Medical Gazette, Nov. 1835.
CRITICAL and EXPERIMENTAL ESSAYS on the CIRCU
LATION of the BLOOD ; especially as observed in the Minute and Capillary
Vessels of the Batrachia and of Fishes. 8vo. with plates. Price $s.
 Medical Books published by Sherwood and Co. 3

Now in the course of publication, an entirely new and original work , entitled the

CYCLOPEDIA
OF

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY :

BEING A
Series of Dissertations on all the Topics connected with Human,
Comparative, and Morbid Anatomy and Physiology.

EDITED BY
ROBERT B. TODD, M.B.
Candidate of the Royal College of Physicians,
at the Westminster and of
school Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology
Medicine.

THE EDITORS of the CYCLOPEDIA OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY do not offer

their Work as a mere compilation of the details of foreign and native dis
coveries; they aspire to give it a character of much higher dignity and usefulness :
and it is only by the co-operation of many that such a task can be undertaken ; as
by dividing the labour among contributors ofknown reputation, whose names will
guarantee the accuracy of their statements , they bope to be enabled to lay before
the medical world not only the actual state of the sciences of Anatomy and Phy
siology, but also much new and important matter : the object being to put within
the reach of every practitioner of medicine a complete Anatomico-Physiological
Library; to enable him to command, in the shortest possible time, all that is
known ofthe pathology or comparative anatomy of any disputed or doubtful point;
to make him acquainted with the anatomical peculiarities of species in Zoology,
which it would occupy hours in a well -stocked library to ascertain ; -in short, to
afford an amount of information upon these subjects which no other existing work
can supply.
THE CYCLOPEDIA OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY will be published in Parts, every
alternate Month, consisting of a Series of Dissertations, under the headings of the
more important subjects of HUMAN ANATOMY, GENERAL, SURGICAL, and
MORBID of PHYSIOLOGY, of COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, and of ANIMAL
CHEMISTRY ; and in order to unite the advantages of a Dictionary with the pro
sed form of the Wor a very copious Index will be added, containing all the
terms employed in the sciences, with appropriate references.
THE PUBLISHERS have much pleasure in stating that UPWARDS of FORTY
distinguished Writers, eminent in Science, in Great Britain, Ireland , and France,
have kindly engaged to contribute to this Work, which they trust will be no
inconsiderable security for the manner in which the great object of it will be
accomplished.
ILLUSTRATIONS, by woodcut and other engravings, to a much greater extent
than can be found in any publication professing to treat of the same subjects , will
be introduced in the articles on the ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY ofthe various classes
of the ANIMAL KINGDOM, and also wherever they may seem requisite to elucidate
descriptions which would otherwise be obscure.
The work will be elegantly printed on superfine paper, double columns, with a
small and clear type (uniform with the " Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine "), so
as to compress as much information into an octavo page as is usually found in a
large quarto, and will be completed in about twenty parts, price 5s. each : Four
parts are already published.
" The present work is under the management of one of the most meritorious and talented physi
clans ofthe presentwith
their acquaintance day,particular
Dr. TODD, assisted by men# in almost
subjects. * every part of Europe, renowned for
" We are so well satisfied with the First Part of this work, that if the succeeding ones are as
efficiently executed, it will be pronounced, by the united voice of the profession, the only work of
its kind as it is, and the most splendid that was ever published in any age or in any country.
" We cannot leave the present notice without expressing our approbation ofthe excellency of the
woodcuts : they are executed with great neatness and fidelity, as also two steel engravings admirably
executed, representing the anterior and posterior external surface ofthe body, in which the different
lines, curves, and elevations, are very apparent.” —Medical and Surgical Journal, June, 1835.
" This valuable work promises be the most comprehensive system of human and comparative
anatomy and physiology in our language. The descriptive anatomy is exceedingly minute, and the
physiology brought down to the present day.The first part is most ably executed, and when com
pleted, will be a most valuable work on the subjects of which it treats. In looking at the list of con
tributors, every one of them possesses sterling talent, and the work well deserves a place in every
medical library."-Ryan's Medical and Surgical Journal, June 1635.
 4 Medical Books published by Sherwood and Co.

Student's Manual of Practical Surgery.

LONDON SURGICAL POCKET - BOOK, (Medical,
Operative, and Mechanical) ; founded on the Popular LECTURES and WORKS ofthe
late Mr. ABERNETHỶ, Sir ASTLEY COOPER, Mr. LAWRENCE, and other dis
tinguished Surgeons; sub-digested in the Order of CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, CHIRURGICAL
and MEDICAL TREATMENT, DIAGNOSES, PROGNOSES, Modes of OPERATION, and other
Agents employed in HOSPITAL and PRIVATE PRACTICE; including an adapted Pharma
copeia; with connected intermediate PRACTICAL QUESTIONS and ANSWERS, pre
paratory to Examination before the Royal College of Surgeons ; Anatomical
• Notes, References, Glossary, &c. for the convenience of the Junior Branches of
the Profession, Students , &c. Price 128. bound and lettered.
" This work is well executed, and supplies the place ofthe " Surgeon's Vade-Mecum"; it is one
of those useful and comprehensive manuals now so popular: every student and junior practitioner
ought to possess it. The compiler has laid the best national and foreign works under contribution,
and has compressed a vast deal of good information into a small space. The work only requires to
be known to be greatly encouraged."-Dr. Ryan's Medical Journal.
A Manual of the Practice of Physic.
LONDON MEDICAL , PHARMACEUTICAL , and
POSOLOGICAL POCKET-BOOK ; explaining the Causes, Symptoms, Diagnostic
and Prognostic Signs of Diseases, and Treatment ; the Natural and Chemical
Characters, Medicinal Properties and Uses, Doses and Forms ofExhibition ; In
compatibles, Adulterations, and Officinal Preparations ofthe various Substances,
Vegetable and Mineral, contained in the Pharmacopeias of London, Edinburgh,
and Dublin ; in which are introduced the New Medicines, and Latest Discoveries :
Classification of Poisons -their Antidotes, Tests, &c.; including Notices from Fo
reign Materia Medica. With an adaptedConspectus of Prescriptions in Medicine,
Surgery, and Midwifery, deduced from standard professional authorities. Price
Ss. bound and lettered .

Student's Manual of Practical Chemistry.

PARKINSON'S NEW LONDON CHEMICAL POCKET- BOOK,
or MEMORANDA CHEMICA ; being a Compendium of PRACTICAL and Pharmacku
TICAL CHEMISTRY, adapted to the Daily Use of the Student. New Edition. By
JOHN BARNES, Surgeon-Apothecary. 78. 6d. bound and lettered.
* The three preceding volumes are uniformly printed, and will be found
not only valuable " POCKET COMPANIONS," or " VADE MECUMs," to assist
the memory and facilitate the Student in the acquisition of SURGICAL, MEDICAL,
PHARMACEUTICAL, and CHEMICAL knowledge, but also ready and correct
appendages to the counter of Town and Country Practitioners ; being useful
GUIDES to the Junior classes of the profession.

Pharmacologia.
DR. PARIS'S PHARMACOLOGIA ; or, HISTORY of
MEDICAL SUBSTANCES ; with a view to establishing the Art of Prescribing and
of Composing Extemporaneous Formulæ, upon Fixed and Scientific Principles.
A new Edition, being the Eighth, very considerably improved, and closely printed,
in ONE VOLUME OCTAVO, price 11.4s.
** The Publishers have much pleasure in offering this new edition of Dr. PARIS'S
PHARMACOLOGIA to the Public. It is now so printed as to form one handsome
volume in octavo (instead of two), and contains much new and valuable matter,
derived from the recent discoveries of Dr. Paris in Pharmacological and Chemical
Science ; and such additional observations respecting the powers of simple and
combined remedies as the extended experience of the Doctor has enabled him
to offer.
" Dr. Paris's happy illustration of the operation of medicines, as diversified by combination, ap
pears to be peculiarly his own; and he has so far succeeded in reducing his principles to scientinc
applicable practice, justly to merit the praiseisofaforming
work eira
accuracy, and
new era in the in
rendering them
departments of pharmacy andtoprescription.as The PHARMACOLOGIA
titled to the double commendation of being admirably suited to the wants of the profession, and the
only one ofthe kid."-Preface to the Second American Edition.
 1 isans 5
Rall
Jeffrer 1-6

10
Medical Books published by Sherwood and Co.

"Hæc demum sunt quæ non subgessit phantasiæ imaginitricis temeritas sed
letre phænomena practica edocuére." - SYDENHAM.
Sper 3
CYCLOPÆDIA
OP
PRACTICAL 1 MEDICINE :
COMPRISING
TREATISES ON THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES ,
MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS,
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, &c.
Pr
THE Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine is the joint production of no less than
Sixty-Seven of the most eminent Practical Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland,
and is edited by
JOHN FORBES, M.D. F.R.S. Physician to the Chichester Infirmary, &c.;
ALEXANDER TWEEDIE, M.D. Physician to the London Fever Hospital, &c.;
JOHN CONOLLY, M.D. late Professor of Medicine in the London University, &c.
The distribution ofthe labour among so many writers, and the authentication of
all the Articles by the Signatures of the Authors, give to this work a character of
originality and authority very different from that which belongs to Encyclopædias
plan ofand
on thelearned anonymous publication, or to compilations by single writers, how
ever industrious.
"We hesitate not to say that the Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine is extremely valuable, in pre
senting a body of medical knowledge of a very superior order, and which may be regarded as the
type of the medical information of the first quarter of the 19th century.
One-half ofthe Contributors are resident Physicians of London ; allthe others being Physicians in
Dublin or in provincial towns ; yet it may be safely asserted that a more accurate and instructive col
lection of professional information could not be produced by any equal number of Physicians in Europe.
" All the dissertations on the pathology and treatment of diseases possess a practical character,
and bear the impression of being written by authors who have derived their information not through
the spectacles of books only, but from the personal and actual use of their own senses."-Edinburgh
Medical and Surgical Journal, April, 1833.
" Such a work as this has long been wacting in this country.-British Medicine ought to have set
itself forth in this way much sooner. We have often wondered that the medical profession and the
enterprising
Cyclopædia ofpublishers
PracticalofGreat Britain did not,
Medicine."-Medical long ere this, enter upon such an undertaking as a
Gazette.
The Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine, a work which does honour to our country, and to
which one is proud to see the names of so many provincial physicians attached."-Dr. Hastings's
Address to Provincial Medical and Surgical Association.
...... The Editors entertain a hope that they have presented a work required by the present wants
of Medical Readers, acceptable to the Profession in general, and so capable by its arrangements of
admitting the progressive improvements of time, as long to continue, what the general testimony of
their medical brethren, as far as it has hitherto been expressed, has already pronounced it to be-A
STANDARD BRITISH WORK ON THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE." -Extract from the Preface.
This comprehensive and valuable work will be no less useful to the practitioners
in the country, to the medical officers of the ariny and navy, and to foreigners
desirous ofobtaining, in one view, a knowledge of the present state of practical
medicine in Great Britain, than to the medical student.
Ofthe sixty-seven physicians whose names are announced as contributors to the
Cyclopædia, there is not one who is not already known as an author, ordistinguished
as a practitioner ofmedicine. These names the proprietors conceive afford every
assurance to those yet unacquainted with the merits of the publication , that the
work willbe found worthy of British medical science, affording the fullest, and best,
and most recent information on every subject connected with practical inedicine,
so as to constitute in itself a complete library of practical reference.
* This important and national work is now complete , and comprehends Four
large Volumes, printed in royal octavo, double columns, containing as much mat
ter as is usually found in Twenty, or even Thirty, ordinary sized octavos.
It may be had in Parts, price 5s. by one or more at a time ;-in Volumes, neatly
done up in cloth, and lettered, price 61. 15s. ; - also handsomely half-bound in
morocco, gilt and lettered, with marbled edges, price 71. 7s.-Serving as a
valuable
PRIZE-BOOK FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS.
6 Medical Books published by Sherwood and Co.

Dr. Henderson's Raspail .

RASPAIL'S NEW SYSTEM of ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
Translated from the French, with Notes and Additions, by WM. HENDERSON,
M. D. Lecturer on Materia Medica in the University of Aberdeen. Illustrated
with numerous Plates, plain and coloured, price 18s. boards.
*** The object of the Author has been to exhibit a connected view of both
departments of Organic Chemistry, and thereby to evince the closeness of the
relations that subsist between them. He has also pointed out certain causes that
have given rise to numerous mistakes in the Analysis of Animal and Vegetable
Compounds, and to much misconception regarding the nature of their proximate
principles ; and by a constant though not lengthened application to Physiology,
he has kept continually in view the practical deductions to be drawn from the
experimental results which he has recorded , and the theoretical principles which
he has developed.
" Our readers will thank us for pointing out this excellent work to their notice : Dr. Henderson's
Translation is well executed, and he has enriched it with some useful notes."...." We must remind
our readers, especially our younger ones, that this work is not one to be skimmed, or lounged over,
or merely read, but that it requires to be studied or worked through."-Med. Quar. Rev. Oct. 1834.
" By all who are desirous to form correct ideas on the chemical constitution of organized bodies,
this work should be diligently studied."...." Of the translation by Dr. Henderson we cannot speak
too highly. M Raspail may congratulate himselfthat his work is introduced to the English reader
by a gentleman who, to correct knowledge of the idiomatic niceties of the languages in which it is
written, and complete command over the esources of his own language, conjoins thorough acquaint
ance with its subject, and whose general information in the physical and physiological sci-nces so
peculiarly qualities him for facilitating the difficulties and instrating the obscurities of a branch of
Science which abounds so much in both. Dr. Henderson has also enhanced much the value of the
translation by many instructive notes, either as corrections of mistakes, or as supplements of defects
ofthe author."-Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, Oct. 1834.

Jobson on the Teeth

TREATISE on the ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY of the
TEETH, &c.; their DISEASES and TREATMENT. With Practica! Observations
on ARTIFICIAL TEETH, and Rules for their Construction. Illustrated with Plates
of Instruments. By DAVID WEMYSS JOBSON, M.R.C.S. Surgeon- Dentist in Or
dinary to His Majesty, and to H. R. H. the Duke of Sussex, &c. 2d Edit. 10s. 6d.

Dr. Paris on Diet.

TREATISE ON DIET ; with a view to establish, on practical
grounds, a Systemof Rules for the Prevention and Cure of the Diseases incident
a disordered state of the Digestive Functions. By J. A. PARIS , M.D. F.R.S.
&c. Fourth Edition , enlarged, price 10s. 6d.
" Dr. Paris's book should be in the library of every family.-It forms an excellent manual for the
investigation of all derangements of the digestive functions, and for the guidance of dyspeptic
patients in the regulation of diet. "-Edinburgh Medical Journal.

Dr. Bostock's History of Medicine.

SKETCH of the HISTORY of MEDICINE , from its Origin to the
Commencement of the Nineteenth Century. By J. BOSTOCK, M.D., F R.S., L.S.,
G.S., Ast. S., M.C.S. , H S., Z.S. , M.R.I., late Pres. of the Edin. Med . Soc., Mem.
Geol. Soc. Par., & c. Svo. price 7s. 6d. cloth.
" This is precisely one of those books which a non-medical man may read with interest ; it will
have beenaddition
shoulda valuable
form to any
separated general
fromthe library
parent : for
trunk medicine
: and is a branch
the sooner of philosophy
it is again upon itnever
re-graftedwhich the
better."-Athenæum, March 1835.

Dr. Forbes's Medical Bibliography.

MANUAL of SELECT MEDICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY, in
which the Books are arranged Chronologically according to the subjects, and the
Derivation of the Terms and the Nosological and Vernacular Synonyms of the
Diseases are given. With an Appendix , containing Lists of the collected Works
of Authors, Systematic Treatises on Medicine, Transactions of Societies , Journals,
&c. & c. By JOHN FORBES, M.D. FR.S. one of the Editors of the " Cyclopædia
of Practical Medicine," and of the " British and Foreign Medical Review." In
royal 8vo. price 159.
 Medical Books published by Sherwood and Co. 7

Paxton's Anatomy.
INTRODUCTION to the STUDY of HUMAN ANATOMY,
illustrated by numerous accurate and highly-finished Cuts. By JAMES PAXTON,
14 Member of the Royal College of Surgeons. Price 17. 18. in cloth,
" It is an excellent specimen of a species of publication which cannot fail to be exceedingly use
གྱུར་ཁོ ful ; an elementary work on anatomy, and anatomy alone, in which the author confines himself to
clear, faithful, and precise description of the parts, illustrated by very excellent wood cuts of the
objects, on the same page with the description, constitutes a text-book so convenient, that we think
18 much praise is due Mr. Paxton for the undertaking. It comprehends the anatomy of the bones.
ligaments, muscles, and blood- vessels ; and in the course of his description, he has employed 280
figures, illustratrating the disposition, configuration, and counexion of the several parts. In the
whole treatise, Mr. Paxton has adhered to strict anatomical description, and evidently observed the
order, and imitated the brevity, clearness, and precision of Cloquet. These descriptions are ren
dered greatly more intelligible than they would otherwise be by means of the figures; and the be
ginner cannot fail to find his progress much facilitated by so agreeable a mode of procuring informa
Lion."-Edinburgh Medical Journal, 1832.
& Volume the Second, which completes the work, isjust published, price 12s.

For Apothecaries' Hall.

LITERAL INTERLINEAL TRANSLATION of the First Ten
Chapters of GREGORY'S CONSPECTUS MEDICINE THEORETICE, with Text ;
Ordo Verborum ; and Rules for Construing and Arranging the Words of Latin
S Sentences, illustrated by Examples from Celsus and Gregory. By ROBERT
VENABLES , A.M. M.D. Oxon., Author of a Manual of Chemistry, gy, and
១៧. the Decompositions of the London Pharmacopeia, for Apothecaries' Hall . 4s. 6d.
" It will prove of great service to students desirous of speedily preparing themselves in the Medical
Classics,
of studentsprevious
after theto 1st
theOct.
operation
1836. of the new regulations for extending the classical examination
" An accurate translation, and a great assistance to students."-Lond. Med. and Surg. Journal.
" It certainly exhibits proofs of great industry."-Lancet, Nov. 1835.
DR. VENABLES' MANUAL of APHORISMS in CHEMISTRY ;
the Chemico-Pharmaceutical Preparations and Decompositions of the London
Pharmacopoeia, and in Toxicology ; for the use of Students preparing for Apothe
caries' Hall, and Junior Practitioners in Medicine. Price 6s.
" The student will find this a very useful little work. It comprehends all the practical facts in
Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Toxicology, and will be particularly available for impressing on the
memory what has been learned at lecture, or from class-books." -Med. Gaz.
" We therefore say, that those gentlemen who are preparing for examination at the Hall, will find
this little volume of great use to them."-Ryan's Med. Journal.
The toxicological part of this work is excellent ." -Renshaw's Journal.
" A capital manual for Apothecaries' Hall." -Johnson's Mcd. Chir. Raview.
ni " The enumeration of facts had better be given in the aphoristic form; it is comprehensive, and
carries with it a greater degree of precision, as each word expresses an idea."-Martinel,

Dr. Osborne on Dropsies.

NATURE and TREATMENT of DROPSIES , connected with
SUPPRESSED PERSPIRATION and COAGULABLE URINE ; illustrated with a coloured Plate,
representing a Kidney in an advanced Stage of the Disease. By JONATHAN
OSBORNE, M.D. President of the King and Queen's College of Physicians in
Ireland, &c. & c. 59.

DR. CONOLLY'S FOUR LECTURES on the STUDY an

PRACTICE of MEDICINE, delivered on different occasions in the University of
London. Price 58, neatly bound lettered.
" Until we read these Lectures, we were not prepared to find so high a tone, so liberal
enlightened a spirit, and above all such truly philosophical habits of mind, in a practising physician
of the present day. Happy were the students of the University in such a guide : such a tutor was
‫ال‬ not only likely to lead to sound and safe notion, in medicine, but to virtue and honour, peace and
good name. These lectures are as moral as they are medical.
we"should
Were leave
we to nothing
extract behind.
all the passages in this little work that have given us unfeigned pleasure
" We trust that this volume will be put into the hands of every medical student in the country. If
he do not feel interested in it, it is because he does not understand it ; let, therefore, his master
take the book up, peruse it in an evening before his pupils, and comment upon it, pointing ont such
illustrations and examples as every man's experience will supply." -Spectator, November 1832.
"
8 Medical Books published by Sherwood and Co.

LONDON PRACTICE of MIDWIFERY, with Instructions

for the Treatment of Lving-in Women, and the principal Diseases of Children:
chiefly designed for the use of Students. New Edition . By DR. JEWELL.

South's Hospital Reports.

On Monday, the 2d of November, was published , PART the FIRST of
•
ST. THOMAS's HOSPITAL REPORTS . By J. A. South,
Assistant Surgeon.
This work will contain an Account of the most interesting Cases which have
recently occurred in the Hospital, and will include the CLINICAL LECTURES delivered
by the Medical Officers of the Institution.
It will be published every alternate Month, price 3s.

Epidemics of the Middle Ages.

DANCING MANIA in the FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 6s .
BLACK DEATH in the FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 5s. 6d.
ENGLISH SWEATING SICKNESS in the FOURTEENTH
CENTURY. In the Press.
Translated from the German of J. F. C. HECKER, M. D.
by B. G. BABINGTON, M.D. F.R.S.
" Dr. Hecker has executed a useful labour in throwing together, from all available sources, the 霉
facts relating to the frightful plague of the fourteenth century. Dr. Babington's translation into
English has rendered it especially avai'able to the profession and people of this country."- Lancet
Hecker's account ofthe Black Death, ' which ravaged so large a portion of the globe in the
fourteenth century, may be mentioned as a work worthy of our notice, both as containing many
interesting details of this tremendous pestilence, and as exhibiting a curious specimen of medical
hypothesis."-History ofMedicine, by Dr. Bostock.

Dr. Flood on Hernia.

FOLIO PLATES of HERNIA ; complete in One Fasciculus,
price 10s. 6d.; drawn from Nature by Mr. W. LOVER, M.R.C.S L.; representing the
several Structures concerned in Inguinal and Femoral Hernia as they appear on
Dissection, and illustrating, in the fullest manner, the peculiar opinions of Hey,
Cooper, Colles, and Guthrie ; accompanied by a Letterpress Description ofthe
Anatomy of the Parts and Mode of Operating. By VALENTINE FLOOD, M.D.
M.R.I.A. Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, and one of the
Lecturers on Anatomy in the Richmond Hospital School of Medicine, Dublin.
** No labour or expense has been spared to make this work a valuable acqui
sition to Students and thos Practitioners who, from Country residence or other
circumstances, may not have opportunities for Dissection .

Hunter on the Blood.

TREATISE on the BLOOD, INFLAMMATION, and GUN
SHOT WOUNDS. Bythe late JOHN HUNTER. Complete in one volume, 8vo.
illustrated with plates, price 188. boards.
" I know of no book to which I can refer a surgical student for a satisfactory account of those
febr le and nervous affections which local disease produces, except that of Mr. JOHN HUNTER'S
TREATISE on the BLOOD, INFLAMMATION," &c. -Mr. Abernethy on Local Diseases.

Hunter on the Venereal.

TREATISE on the VENEREAL DISEASE . By JOHN
HUNTER. With an Introduction and Commentary by JOSEPH ADAMS , M.D.
In one volume, 8vo. Second Edition, with Additions, price 148. boards.
 Medical Books published by Sherwood and Co. 9

HUNTERIAN REMINISCENCES ; being the Substance of a

COURSE of LECTURES on the PRINCIPLES and PRACTICE of SURGERY,
delivered by Mr. JOHN HUNTER, in 1785 : taken in Short-hand, and afterwards
fairly transcribed , by the late Mr. JAMES PARKINSON, Author of " Organic
Remains," &c. Edited by his Son, J. W. R. PARKINSON, by whom are appended
a few illustrative Notes, chiefly intended for those Students who may be just come
mencing the Study of Medicine. In one volume, 4to. price 88.

DR. JAMES CLARK on the INFLUENCE of CLIMATE and

the CHANGE of AIR in the PRESERVATION and CURE of DISEASES of the
CHEST, DIGESTIVE ORGANS, &c. &c. Second Edition, price 12s.

South on the Bones.

SHORT DESCRIPTION of the BONES , together with their
several Connexions with each other and with the Muscles. By J. A. SOUTH .
Second Edition , prices.

Brande's Pharmacy.
MANUAL of PHARMACY. Bv WILLIAM THOMAS
BRANDE, Lecturer on Pharmacy to the Apothecaries' Company, &c. &c. Third
Edition, 8vo. price 14s.
" Mr. Brande's extensive practice as a pharmaceutist is very ably embodied in this work. It
should be in the hands of every practitioner and pharmacopolist."-London Medical Repository.

Gray's Supplement to the Pharmacopœia.

SUPPLEMENT to the PHARMACOPŒIA,
and TREATISE on PHARMACOLOGY in general : including not only the Drugs
and Preparations used by Practitioners of Medicine, but also most of those em
ployed in the Chemical Arts ; together with a Collection of the most useful Medical
Formula ; Veterinary Drugs, Patent Medicines, and other Compounds ; an Expla
nation of the Contractions used by Physicians and Druggists ; and a very copious
Index, English and Latin, of the Names by which the Articles have been known
at different Periods ; being a complete Dispensatory and Book of Formulæ for
constant Reference in Medical and Veterinary Practice, and a Manual for Retail
Druggists. By SAMUEL FREDERICK GRAY. Fifth Edition , considerably en
larged. Price 148.

3 Sir John Sinclair on Health and Long Life.

P Embellished with a Portrait ofthe Author,
CODE of HEALTH and LONGEVITY ; or, a General
View of the Rules and Principles for PRESERVING HEALTH and PROLONGING LIFE. BY
the Right Hon. Sir JOHN SINCLAIR, Bart. Fifth Edition , in one large volume,
Svo., illustrated with Seven Portraits of Celebrated Persons who att ained Extra
ordinary Ages. Price 20s.
* Four heavy and expensive Editions of Sir John Sinclair's " Code of Health"
have stamped its merit and utility : it is the most comprehensive and useful
work on Health and Longevity yet published , and has been the storehouse from
which all subsequent writers have extracted much valuable information.
" The art of preserving health, and giving longevity to man, forms a link in that chain ofusefut
pursuits to which you have devoted all your time." He adds," My obligations for the communica
tion of your interesting thoughtsupon this subject, are augmented by the advantage and information
I have derived by perusing them."-The Baron D'Edelcraniz.
" Many subjects are considered in a new point of view ; many new and remarkable facts are in
troduced: on the whole (he states) the author has communicated the most important results
regarding the effects of external substances on health."-Dr. Sprengle's Preface to his Translation
of this work into German.
"The subject is of the greatest importance. The work I have read with great satisfaction, and
the observations which it contains are very important."-Dr. Mathew Baillie.
10 Medical Books published by Sherwood and Co.

HOOPER'S PHYSICIAN'S VADE-MECUM ; containing the

Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis. Prognosis, and Treatment of Diseases ; accompanied
by a Select Collection of Formulæ, and Glossary of Terms. NEW EDITION,
corrected by DR. RYAN. Price 7s. 6d.

HOOPER'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY . 8vo . price 17. 8s .

HOOPER'S EXAMINATIONS in ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY,

PRACTICE of PHYSIC, SURGERY, MATERIA MEDICA, CHEMISTRY, and
PHARMACY, for the Use of Students who are about to pass their Examinations.
12mo. 5s. 6d.

TYROCINIUM MEDICUM ; or, the APOTHECARIES' AS

SISTANT'S COMPLETE GUIDE ; being a Dissertation on the Duties of Youth
apprenticed to the Medical Profession. By the late WILLIAM CHAMBERLAINE,
of the College of Surgeons, and Fellow of the Medical Society of London. 78. bds.

PRACTICAL TREATISE on the EFFICACY and SAFETY of

the DOLICHOS PRURIENS, or COWHAGE, internally exhibited in DISEASES
occasioned by WORMS. By W. CHAMBERLAINE. 48. The Tenth Edition.

HOSPITAL PUPIL ; or, Observations addressed to the

Parents ofYouths intended for the Profession of Medicine or Surgery, on their
previous Education, Pecuniary Resources, and the Order of their Professional
Studies ; with hints to the Young Pupil on the Prosecution ofHospital Studies, on
entering into Practice, and on Medical Jurisprudence. By the late JAMES
PARKINSON, of the Royal College of Surgeons, &c. 2d Edition. Price 5s, bds.
+++ This Essay contains many practical observations, applicable to most of the
younger candidates for the honours and emoluments of the profession, and may
be strongly recommended as a safe and useful guide to parents, who mean to edu
cate their children for the practice of medicine and surgery.- Monthly Review.
HINTS for the IMPROVEMENT of TRUSSES : intended to
render their use less inconvenient, and to prevent the necessity of an Under
strap. By the late JAMES PARKINSON. 9d .

ADVICE for the USE of LAVEMENTS , in preventing

CONFINEMENT of the BOWELS, with Precepts upon DIET, suitable for INDIGES
TION, and other STOMACH COMPLAINTS; to which are added, numerous PRESCRIPTIONS
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tration of Warm-Water Lavements for the removal of Costiveness. By JAMES
SCOTT, M.D. Author of the " Village Doctor." Price 7s, bound and lettered.
" Dr. Scott has appended a copious list of formula for the different enemata ; and upon the
whole has produced a book which we should be glad to see as popular as possible, since its dif
fusion among the Public at large would greatly diminish the repugnance which the people of these
Isles manifest towards a very useful and important remedy.”—Med.-Chir. Review, No.24, New Series.

Skellett on the Diseases of Neat Cattle.

PRACTICAL TREATISE on the BREEDING COW, and
EXTRACTION of the CALF, before and at the Time of CALVING ; in which the
question of difficult Parturition is considered in all its bearings ; including Obser
vations on the Diseases of Neat Cattle generally. Adapted to the present
improved state of Veterinary Practice. Illustrated with Thirteen highly-finished
Engravings. By EDWARD SKELLETT, Professor of that part of the Veterinary
Art. Price 15s . plain ; £ 1 . 4s. coloured.
 Medical Books published by Sherwood and Co. 11

Provincial Medical and Surgical Association.

RETROSPECTIVE ADDRESS delivered before the Members of
the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association, on Thursday, July 23, 1835, in the
Radcliffe Library, at Oxford. By J. C. PRICHARD), M.D. F.R.S. Corresponding
Member of the-Institute of France, Member of the Royal Academy of Medicine at
Paris, and Senior Physician to the Bristol Infirmary. Together with a particular
Account
Prices. of the Proceedings at the Anniversary Meeting of the Association,
TRANSACTIONS of the PROVINCIAL MEDICAL and
SURGICAL ASSOCIATION, Volumes the First, Second, and Third . Price 15s.
each , illustrated with Plates.-Published Annually.
By Dr. Hastings.
ILLUSTRATIONS of the NATURAL HISTORY of
WORCESTERSHIRE ; with Information on the Statistics, Zoology, and Geology of
the County ; including also a short Account ofits Mineral Waters. By CHARLES
HASTINGS, M.D. Price 48. 6d.
LECTURE on the SALT SPRINGS of WORCESTERSHIRE .
Delivered before the Members of the Worcestershire Natural History Society.
By CHARLES HASTINGS , M.D. F.G.S. Price Is. 6d .

Blaine's Veterinary Art.

OUTLINES of the VETERINARY ART ; or a Treatise on the
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, and CURATIVE TREATMENT of the DISEASES of the HORSE,
and, subordinately, of those of NEAT CATTLE and SHEEP. Illustrated by Surgical
and Anatomical Plates. By DELABERE BLAINE. The Fourth Edition , improved
and increased by the introduction of many new and important subjects, both in
the Foreign and British practices of the art. Price 24s.
By the same Author,
CANINE PATHOLOGY ; or, a Description of the DISEASES
of DOGS, with their Causes, Symptoms , and Treatment ; and a copious Detail
of the RABID MALADY ; with Practical Directions on the Breeding, Rearing, and
salutary Treatment of these Animals. Third Edition, improved, price 9s.

Morley on the King's Evil.

ESSAY on the NATURE and CURE of SCROFULO
US
DISORDERS, commonly called the KING'S EVIL. Deduced from long Obser
vation and Practice. Forty-second Edition, revised , with Additions, and above
Sixty Cases, the Remedies in them used, and occasional Remarks. To which is
prefixed, a Plate of the Herb Vervain , and its Root. Published for the good of
Mankind, particularly the Common People, by the late JOHN MORLEY , Esq. of
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Scott's Village Doctor.

VILLAGE DOCTOR ; or, FAMILY MEDICAL ADVISER :
adapted to Domestic Convenience , and intended for the use of Country Clergy
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M.D. Sixth Edition, considerably improved, price 58.
*** This little work contains such information as may be often wanted in the
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shoals upon which health may be wrecked ; and a friend that removes the doubt
ful anxiety ofignorance , by explaining the present, and showing the probabilities
of the future.
12 Medical Books published by Sherwood and Co.

Renou on Strictures.
PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS on STRICTURE , and other
DISEASES of the URETHRA ; describing an effectual Mode of Cure by an
internal Medicine ; and proving the application of instruments unnecessary,
and generally productive of injury : illustrated by Cases, and on the Origin,
Symptoms, and Treatment of Stricture of the Rectum, Diseases of the Liver, &c.
By WILLIAM RENOU, M.R.C.S. Price 48. 6d.

Bakewell's Introduction to Mineralogy.

INTRODUCTION to the STUDY of MINERALOGY ; or,
THE STUDENT'S POCKET COMPANION, to facilitate an acquaintance with this elegant
and refined Science. By J. R. BAKEWELL, Esq. F.G.S. C.E. &c. Illustrated
with Engravings of thelongitudinal and transverse Section of a Tin and Copper
Mine. Price 78. or with the Plates coloured, 88.
** All persons who wish to become acquainted with the Science of Mineralogy,
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Published Annually.
BRITISH MEDICAL ALMANACK, with SUPPLEMENT, for 1836,
coutains the Calendar for 1836 ; a Chronological History of Medicine , from the
German of Hecker ; a complete Account of all the Medical Institutions in England,
Scotland, Dublin, and Paris, with Lists of all their Medical Officers ; the Subjects
ofMedical and Scientific Prizes, & c. &c. The SUPPLEMENT contains Dr. Grant's
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Human Body, at all Ages ; Laws of Human Mortality, deduced from the latest Ob
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Poisons ; the Anatomy Act, &c. &c. Price, with the Supplement, 28.
The British
of"much labour Medical
and professional deserves toandreceive
Almanack learning, is published at a pricefrom
a high character which it isdoubt
us :we a production
not will
induce every member ofthe profession to purchase a copy."- Lancet.
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725 Works in the Press.

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMIST ; or, Compendium of
PRACTICAL PHARMACY ; containing a correct Analysis of every Article
employed as a Medicinal Agent, together with the changes which take place
when in a state of Mixture. Designed as a Book of Reference for the Student
and Practitioner : with copious Notes. By JOHN BARNES, Surgeon-Apothecary,
and Practical Assistant to the Professor of Materia Medica and Medical Juris
prudence in the University of London.
DEWHURST'S (H. W. , Professor of Human, Veterinary, and
Comparative Anatomy) ESSAY on the ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, and PATHO
LOGY of the HORSE'S FOOT. 12mo. Plates.
MANUAL of MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE ; including,
Part I. Medical Ethics. Part II. The Laws relating to the Medical Profession in
Great Britain and Ireland. Part IIl. All Medico-Legal Questions which may arise
in Courts of Justice . Intended for the Use of the Medical and Legal Professions.
Second Edition , considerably enlarged and revised. By MICHAEL RYAN, M.D.
Member of the Royal College of Physicians in London, and of the Association of
Fellows and Licentiates of the King and Queen's College of Physicians in Dublin,
Member of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons in London and Edinburgh, Professur
of Medicine, Obstetricy, and Medical Jurisprudence, at the Medical School,
Gerrard Street, Soho Square, & c. & c.
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