Bibliotheca Diatomologica Band 46

Bart Van de Vijver

Yves Frenot
Louis Beyens

Freshwater diatoms from

Ile de la Possession
(Crozet Archipelago, Subantarctica)

J. CRAMER in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung

BERLIN, STUTTGART 2002
Bibliotheca Diatomologica Band 46

Bart Van de Vijver

Yves Frenot
Louis Beyens

Freshwater diatoms from

Ile de la Possession
{Crozet Archipelago, Subantarctica}

with 132 plates

o ""'J ~ooJcf~ J <.DttQ~

AhWV"-A'~

J. CRAMER in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung

BERLIN· STUTTGART 2002
 3

Editors Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. H. Lange-Bertalot, Frankfurt Table 01' Contents
Dr. P. Kociolek, San Francisco General Part
Diatoms on Subantarctic Islands 5
Ile de la Possession (Crozet Archipelago) 6
Authors' addresses: Material & Methods 10

Dr. Bart Van de Vijver & Prof. Dr. Louis Beyens Systematic-Taxonomical Part 14
Universiteit Antwerpen (RUCA)
Department of Biology Acknowledgements 119
Unit of Polar Ecology, Limnology & Paleobiology
Groenenborgerlaan 171 References 120
B-2020 Antwerp
Belgium Plates 131
e-mail: bartvdv@ruca.ua.ac.be
Addendum: Sample list 396
Water samples 397
Dr. Yves Frenot Moss samples
Station Biologique de Paimpont 402
Soil samples 404
Université de Rennes 1
F-35380 Paimpont
Register 408
France

Die Deutsche Bibllothek - CIP-Einheltsaufnahme

Van de Vijver, Bart :

Freshwater diatoms trom Ile de la Possession (Crozet
Archipelago, Subantartica) 1 Bart van de Vijver; Yves
Frenel; Louis Beyens. - Berlin; Stuttgart: Cramer in der
Gebr. Borntraeger-Verl.·Suchh., 2002
(BibJiotheca Diatomologica; Bd. 46)
ISBN 3-443-57037-2

Ali rights reserved, including translation into foreign languages. This journal,
or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission from
the publishers.

© 2002 by Gebrüder Bomtraeger. 0-14129 Berlin, 0-70176 Stuttgart

http://www.borntraeger-cramer.de E-mail: mail@schweizerbart.de
Printed on permanent paper conforming to ISO 9706-1994
Printed in Germany by strauss offsetdruck gmbh, 0-69509 Mërlenbach

ISBN 3-443-57037-2
ISSN 1436-7270
 4 5

Summary General Part

Diatoms on Subantarctic Islands
The fresbwater and terrestrial diatorn composition of the Subantarctic island ne de
la Possession is investigated in detail. The îsland is part of the Crozet
Archipelago, situated io the southem Indian Ocean. A total of 220 diatom taxa, Diatoms (BaciJlariophyceae) are one of the most abundant algal groups in the
belonging to 44 genera have been identiiied after surveying more than 500 freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems of the Antarctic and Subantarctic RegÎons.
samples, taken from ail ovec the island. The most diverse genera are Pinnularia They are an important constituent in freshwater, moss and soil habitats. ln 1979,
(41 taxa), Nilzschia (19 taxa), Psammothidium (13 taxa) and Diadesmis (II taxa). PrescoU listed aU studies that were publisbed on algal groups from tbese two
Detailed SEM analysis of ail observed taxa resulted in the description of severa! regions. Since then, the Ilumberofdiatom studies increased rapidly. Jones (1996)
new species and varieties, especially in the genera Diadesmis and Piflnularia, revÎewed ail papers dealîng with the diatom composition from Maritime and
whereas several ethers ncccl further observations to he described later on as new Continental Antarctic inland waters and terrestrial environments. Several years
taxa. In addition, the taxonomy of the so-called Subantarctic taxa has becn later, Van de Vijvet & Beyens (1999) published a review of ail papers that dealt
thoroughly revised based on the most recent insights. Ali taxa are morphologically only with Subantarctic diatoms.
and ecologically characterized and elaborately documented with both LM and
SEM micrographs. The Subantarctic Region consists of several, relatively small islands and
archipelagos, situated in the southern part of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacifie
Ocean. They all have a typical oceanic climate. Mean annual temperature
generally never drops below O°C while the average anoual precipitation usually
exceeds 1000mm. No permafrost is observed. These climatic conditions
detennine the outlook and the vegetation on the islands. Water never is a limiting
factor as is manifested by the numerous lakes, pools and CUITents. This markedly
contrasts with the Maritime Antarctic Region, where the inJand waters are oIlly
sparsely distributed (Heywood, 1977; Priddle, 1985).

Stonehouse (1982) proposed a classification of the southem region (below 40° S).
He reviewed the principal biogeographical divisions and concluded that the
Subantarctic Region is limited by the Subtropical Convergence in the north and
the Antarctic Convergence in the south. The Subantarctic Region is further
subdivided based on the lQoC isothenn in the wannest montlt, restricting the cold
Subantarctic Region to the islands of the Crozet and Kerguelen Archipelagos,
Marion & Prince Edward Island, Heard and MacDonald Island, Macquarie Island,
Bouvet Island and several islands around New Zealand (Campbell, Antipodes,
Snares, Bounty).

Unfortunately, the Subantarctic diatom flora remains poorly studied. The

majority of the studies hitherto published, have merely a taxonomical and/or
morphological interest. Little is known about the ecology of the different taxa.
The last few years, there has been an increasing interest in determining the
environrncntal preferences of the principal taxa.

Despite this lack of interest in Subantarctic diatoms, there are sorne facts that
should seriously be taken into account. The diatom communities on these islands
are very specifie and closely influenced by the Subantarctic envïronment.
 6 7

. Therefore, these islands rnay fonn an important bridge between the (Sub-
)Tropical and the Antarctic Region. The Crozet Archipelago (46°-46°30'S -
500 15'-52°30'E) is one of the few terrestrial parts of the world that emerged in the
southem lndian Ocean. Together with the Kerguelen Archipelago, the islands of
Saint~Paul and Amsterdam (and Terre Adélie on the Antarctic Continent itself),
they are part of the Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (TAAF). Due to
their remoteness, the simplicity of their ecosystems and their vulnerability, the
Crozet islands offer a lot of interesting opportunities to a whole range of
scientists, especially ecologists, in order to test and explore new concepts.
Despite their isolation and remoteness, the Subantarctic islands show specifie
fcatures that allow nowadays not only the possibility to answer questions
regarding the evalutian and adaptation of species. More generally, they offer the
chance ta reveal large-scale phenamena including Global Change, associatcd ta
climatic changes and the increasing anthropogenic impact. 46'S 'riols des Apôlrcs Crozet Archipelago

The present study addresses the lack of a well-documented floristic and ecalogical
Q
Ile aux Cochons
work on diatoms from Ile de la Possession in particular and the cotire Subantarctic Ioman Ocean
Region in general. A lot of the taxa, found on the island have previously been
described by Gero,.in (1937), Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) and Le Colm &
Maillard (1983, 1986) From the nearby Kerguelen Arcbipelago. The present-day
"
4(,"JO'S lit! des Pingouins
00
Ile de la l·ussessiun ne de 1'r!.8t
improvements in the taxonomy and morphology of diatams provokes the nced for ~ !\I"R

a complete revis ion of the observed taxa. AU taxa found on De de la Possession

ne de la Possession
during the last few years nf study on the island (1997-2001) will be ilIustrated
using LM and SEM techniques. New taxa will be described according to the
botanical mIes.

ne de la Possession (Crozet Arehipelago)

The Crozet Archipelago, one of the most remote parts of the world
The Crozet Archipelago is one of the most isolated parts of the terrestrial world.
The islands are situated at more than 2500km from the Mrican Continent and the
Antarctic Continent (Fig. la). They are relatively young, forrned after a period of
bigh volcanic activity along the Western lndian Dorsal (Chevallier 1981). The
oldest islands are Ile de l'Est and Ile de la Possession, the main island of this
small archipelago (Fig. 1b). Tbese two islands are located in the eastern part of the
archipelaga. They emerged from the sea about 8 million years aga and the
volcanic activity continued until very recently, as is witnessed by sorne large
cinder canes that dominate the glacial valleys, modified after the last quatemary
glaciations. Tbe islands of the western group of this archipelago (TIe des
Pingouins, Ile aux Cochons et Ilôts des Apôtres) are even younger. Ile des
Pingouins for instance is only 1 million years old. This relatively young age and
their purely oceanic origin renders these islands completely isolated from ail
nearby continents.
 8 9

Ile de la Possession (Fig. le) is the best known of ail islands because of the very efficient protection of ecosystems against alien invasions, at least uutil
establishment of a scientific and military base around 1960, resulting DOW in the reccntly.
permanent Base Alfred Faure. The island has a surface of ooly J 56km2 ,
culminating in the Pic du Mascarin at 934m of altihJde. The surface is rather Simple ecosystems, a high degree of endemism and unbalanced trophic
rough with several lines of olrl volcanic cones bordering sorne large valleys chains
(Vallée des Branloires, Vallée de la Hébé, Vallée du Petit Caporal), that are One of the main features of the Subantarctic biodiversity is the low species
belicved to he the remains of the last quatemary glaciations. There are a lot of richness that is usually observed within tlie vegetation and the invertebrate fauna
rivers and their flow is cbaracterized by a torrential regime, correlated with the of these islands. Ile de la Possession is no exception to this mie. The original
precipitation. On the bigher altitudes, the water easily penetrates the soil due to vegetation consists of only 24 plant species iocluding 2 Iycopod and 5 fem
the coarse texture of the underground. This explains why these higher places are species. There are no strictly endernic plant species on the island, but several
rather dry whereas the valleys. with their aimast entirely organic soils, usually species are typical for the Subantarctic part of the Indian Ocean like the
have a bigh water retention capacity wmch makes them completely soaked Kerguelen Cabbage (Pringlea antiscarbutica) and the caryophyllacean
(Frenot 1986). Caiabant/Ills kerguelensis. Tbe bryophyte flora is poorly studied but the complete
absence of Sphagnum is highly remarkable.
A limiting but non-extreme climate
The Arctic climate is characterized by very harsh wioters, imposing very extreme The terrestrial invertebrates are ooly poorly present (only about 100 species
conditions to the survival of ail kinds of organisms, and relatively warm summees known so far, including the most elaborate groups of oribate Acari and
(roean tempo of the wannest month ~ 10°C), leaving only a short, but favourable Col/emba/a). Nevertheless, the number of endemic species is very higb: about
time for the reproduction of the present fauna and flora. The Subantarctic 50% of ail invertebrate taxa is endemic for the archipelago and only 5% belongs
conditions however are less harsh. Taking ioto account the relatively small size of to species that are not typically Subantarctic. Within the insects, sorne groups are
the islands, tbeir climate is entirely dependent of the vast oceanic masses and better represented than others (more than 35 specïçs of Co/eoptera have been
atmospheric currents that surround them. The air temperature is practically equal found, most Curcu/jonidae of which 26 are endemic for Crozet). Seven out of 16
ta the sea surface temperature and the seasonal and even daily thermal amplitudes Diptera species are endemic.
are more reduced. The meteorological station of Météo-France on Crozet,
situated at an altitude of 140m, records usually mean wioter temperatures around Furthennore, we also have ta stress on the unbalanced food chains. There are no
3'C and mean summer temperatures of 7,S'C (1970-1994). Due to the thermal terrestrial marnmals and the phytophagues are little abundant. Predators are
gradient, the conditions change rapidly, creating conditions of frost/defrost whole absent. The food wcbs are dominated by decomposing species with a leading role
year round at higher altitudes. The position of these islands between 40 and 50° played by the Diptera.
latitude, is the main reason for the permanent high wind speeds. Mean wind
speed fluctuates around 40km/h with very frequent peaks between 100 and A terrestrial environ ment depending on the sea
200kmJh. This atmospheric regime is associated with large perturbations that The terrestrial ecosystems have a very low primary production. This production
sweep the islands, responsible for the enormous quantities of precipitation (roean is aimost entirely dependent on the marine input of nutrients and mineraIs, usually
arillual precipitation 2402mmlyear during the period 1970-1994). by means of the animais that feed on the ocean: sea birds and marine manunals.
Crozet has an enonnous population of sea birds. Each year, about 25 million of
These climatic conditions are clcarly Iimiting the development of the vegetation birds are reproducing on the islands, placing Crozet on top of the mondial
and the populations of exothennal invertebrates that have ta complete their life reproduction sites for birds (Jouventin et al. 1984). On Ile de la Possession, 24
cycles at temperatures close ta their timits without having a more favourable bird species are present (including 2 terrestrial species). The mammals are
period during the year. The largest part of life is concentrated near the coastline, represenled by elephant seals (Miralinga leanina) and fur seals (Arctogazello
to an altitude up ta 200m. Above this altitude, the vegetation becomes very tropicalis tropicalis and A. tropicalis gazella). AU these animais occupy a very
scarce. lnsects and other invertebrates are almost completely lacking. This also narrow strip around the island whereas only a few petrel species are nesting at
implies that these conditions seriously reduce the possibilities of settlement of higher altitudes.
new taxa that arrive on the island. From this point of view, the Subantarctic
climatic conditions and the very late discovery of these islands, have caused a
 10 II

It is clear that ail these animais impart large amounts of nutrients, playing a key These introductions are accornpanied by the effeets of the recent climatic changes
raie in the functioning and structure of the island ecosystems. While in during the last few years. Only a few studies have been done on the
continental ecosytems, the inland resources are responsible for the well- envjronmental modifications but on Kerguelen (Frenot et al. 1997a&b) as weil as
functioning of the coastal zones, the Subantarctic Islands show the reverse on other Suhantarctic islands (Bergstrom & Cbown 1999), they are well-
situation. docurnented. The annual mean temperature on Kerguelen has raised with l,3°C
between 1965 and the carly 1980s. After tbat time, they remained at the elevated
A very receot human seUlement level. At the same time, the annual precipitations have considerably decreased,
The extreme isolation and the location of these islands in a very hostile ocean are causing problems of summer drought, affecting the endemic vegetations. This
tbe main reasons for tbe very late discovery by man. On January 23tb 1772, hydrological deficieney seems less clear on Ile de la Possession, probably due to
Marion Dufresne, commander of the Mascarin, sighted the islands for the fust its smaller size, that makes it less influenced by the diminishing orographical
rime. He look possession of the islands and offered them to the French crown of conditions. It is clear, however, that the recent climatie changes also (will) affect
Louis XV when he disembarked on tbe largest one, nowadays called Ile de la the island.
Possession. The Archipelago is named after his first officer, Crozet. From the
beginning of tbe nineteenth century, tbe islands were regulariy visited by sorne The present evoJution of the biodiversity on the Subantarctic Islands is largely
American seal hunters. Tbis activity stopped completely after 1851 when tbe seal controlled by the introduced species, the antropogenic impacts and the climatic
bunt was relocated ta the nearby Kerguelen Archipelago. The real reason was that cbanges (Cbown et al. 1998).
the entire population of fur seals was eliminated. Later on, several scientific
missions visited Crozet: the Gennan Gauss expedition (1901) and the French Material and Methods
Bougainville expedition (1939). It is only after 1960 Ibat a rather permanent
human settlement started on TIc de la Possession when the French govemment Sample collection and preparation
built a meteorological and scientific base that has been functioning until now. During tbe austral summers of 1997-1998 and 1999-4001, more than 500 samples
were taken from soil, moss and fresbwater habitats. Most of the freshwater and
Changing environmental conditions soil sampIes were chemically cbaracterized. WateT chemistry samples were taken
The late human seulement on the island has protected the vegetation and the fauna 20 cm below water surface in 150 ml sampling devices. Chemical analyses were
during a very long time until recently the degradation of the environment started, perfonned using a Palintest interface spectrophotometer. Details of the analytical
not unusual wh en considering the extreme vulnerability of the island ecosystems. methods are fully described in McQuaker (1976). Chemistry data are
The seal hunters have introduced the rat (Rattus rattus). This species remains, up measurements of both dissolved and partieulate concentrations. pH, conductivity
ta now, the ooiy living telTestrial mammal on the island, but has a very serious & temperature were measured with a WTW Multiline P4.
impact on the population of smail petrels tbat nest on Ile de la Possession. Onlya
few plant species have been introduced in the nineteenth century but saon after Since it was impossible ta do sorne fresh/dry weight measurements (no laboratory
the occupation of the Base Alfred Faure, together with a more frequent visit of available), water content of the terrestrial moss samples was deternlined usiog the
ships at the archipelago, the number of alieo plant species has increased F-c1assification of Jung (1936). Although this classification might look a
spectacularly. These taxa have been spread rapidly due ta the activities of chicken subjective method, it proved to be quite accurate in tbe past (Meisterfeld, 1977)
farming and disposai of wastewater on the surface. and corresponded weU with moisture weights. It is a humidity seale, based 00 the
Today, we count almost 60 introduced plant species on Ue de la Possession water content of moss samples determined as fallows: FI = submerged mosses,
around the base. Ten species are spread around the island: Cerastium fontanu11l, FIl = free-floating mosses, Fm = very wet (water drips from the sample without
C. glomeratum, JUIlCUS bufollius, Poa annua, P. pratensis, Rumex acetosella, pressure), FIV ~ wet (water drips hy sligbt pressure), FV = quasi-wet (water drips
Sagina procumbells, Stellaria alsine, Taraxacum elythrospermwn and T. after moderate pressure), FVI ~ moist (litlle water produced after bigb pressure),
officinale groups. Whereas the [lIst seven species are widely distributed over the FVll = quasi-dry (only a few drops of water can be squeezed out), FVIII ~ dry
island, the latter tbree grow only at a short distance from the buildings. No teees (cantains no water).
occur (except one apple-tree growing in a glassbouse) (Frenot et al., 2001).
The moi sture content of the sail material was measured using the Eijkelkamp
TRIME-FM. This device creates an electromagnetic field between two probes
 12 13

and measures moisture by the Time Domain Ref]cctometry method. Moisture Siaurosirella are included within Siaurosira based on Lange-Bertalot (1989). An
content is expressed as % moisture volume percentage with 100% bcîng the exception was made for Staurafarma, following Flower et al. (1996). For the
weltest sampies and 0% the driest. genera formerly belonging to Navicula, Round el al. (1990) and Lange-Bertalot
(1993, 2001) were followed, separating Adlafla, Cavinula, Chamaepinnularia,
Ali samples are Iisted in part D of this book together witb maps of the island Cratieula, Diadesmis, Eolimna, Geissleria, Hippodollla, Kobayasiel/a. Lecohuia,
where the samples have becn taken. Lulicola, Mayamaea, Muelleria, Naviculadicla. Pilllluav;s and Sel/ap/lOra. For ail
other genera, Round el al. (1990) was followed.
Diatom slides were prepared following the method of Van der Werff (1955). A
srnall sample was trealed with 37% H10 2 ànd saturated KMn0 4 in order to Species descriptions
remove aU organic material. To speed up the reaction, sampIes were heated on a Ali taxa, round on Ile de la Possession are listed with infonnation about possible
boiling plate for a sbort period. Following digestion and centrifugation', the synonyms (as far as tbey have been used in Iiterature about the (Sub-)Antarctic
resulting clean material was diluted with distilled watee to avoid excessive Region), morphology (with dimensional measurements from Ile de la Possession
concentrations of diatorn valves which might obstruet the counting. For light valves), ecological infonnation retrieved from samples from ne de la Possession,
microscopy study, cleaned diatom valves were mounted in Naphrax®. For distribution data (from the Subantaretie and Antarctie Region). Not ail distribution
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), part of the suspension was fi1tered througb data are added. We refer to Kellogg & Kellogg (2001) to bave a complete
polycarbonate membrane filtees with a pore diameter of 3~m, of which parts were overview. When necessary, sorne remarks, mainly about similar taxa or a
affixed to aluminium stubs after air-drying. The stubs were sputter-coated with taxonomical position are added. New combinations of taxa also have the
20-50nm of gold. Samples and slides are stored at tbe Department of Biology, basionym. New taxa are accompanied by a Latin diagnosis, a description, the
Polar Ecology, Limnology and Paleobiology Unit. necessary holotype and isotype slides and the type locality.

Identification and taxonomy As far as possible infonnation is given about ec.ological preferences of the
Ali samples were examined us mg an OIympus BX50 ligbt microscope equipped different taxa with numerical data. The (weighted) mean F-value is given in
with Nomarski-optics. Pictures were taken digitally witb a digital C2020 zoom Arabie numerals instead of the Roman numerals (see above). This was donc to be
camera and processed on a MacIntosh G3 computer using Photosbop 5.0. SEM able to include decimals.
studies were performed with a Philips SEM 515 at 20kV. SEM pictures were
taken using a Agfapan APX 25 120mm film. Tbe occurrence of eacb taxon (added witbm 'Ecology') in tbe sampies from Ile de
la Possession is classified as follows:
Identifications were based on a large numher of books inc1uding Krammer & Rare: less than 10 valves have been found in ail samples
Lange-Bertalot (1986-1991), Lange-Bertalot & Krammer (1989), Krammer Fairly common: less tlmn 10% in samples where the taxon is found
(2000), Lange-Bertalot (1993, 2001), Rumricb el al. (2000). Identifications of so- Common: between 10 and 25% in sampies where the taxon is found
called 'Antarctic' species were based on Bourrelly & Manguin (1954), Le CollU & Very common: more than 25% in samples where the taxon is found
Maillard (1983, 1986), Schmidt el al. (1990) and Oppenbeim (1994).

Due to the receot evolutions in the taxonomical classification of the diatoms, the
nomenclature was based on several authors and works, depending on the genus
discussed.

For the genera fonnerly included within Achnanthes, taxonomy was hased on
Round el al. (1990), Bukhtiyarova & Round (1996), Round & Bukhtiyarova
(1996), separating Aehnanthes, Achnanthidium, Eueoeeoneis, Planothidium and
Psammolhidiwn. For the genera related to Fragilaria, we decided nol ta follow
Round el al. (I990) but we based the classification on Rumrich et al. (2000) tbat
distinguishes Fragilaria and Slaurosira. The genera Pune/aslriata and
 14 15

Systematic-Taxonomical Part Pinmdaria rabenhorstii var. raphecurvata Van de Vijver & Heyens nov. var.
Pinnularia rabenhorstii var. subantarctica Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov. var.
New taxa or combinations described in this book: Pinllu/aria rhombarea var. serrata Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
AcJl1lanthes naviformis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. PimlUlaria sagittiformis Van de Vijver & Seycns nov. spec.
Achnanthidium modestiforme (Lange-Bertalot) Yan de Vijver nov. comb. Pinnularia subantarctica (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cobu nov. comb.
Adlafia b.yaphiliaides (Manguin) Van de Vijver nov. comb. Pinnularia subantarctica var. e/ongata (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov.
Adlafiafrenotii Van de Vijver & Beycns nov. spec. comb.
Ad/afia Iinearis (Maillard) Van de Vijver nov. stat. nov. comb. Pinnularia vatii Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
Ca/oneis delphineae Van de Vijver nov. spec. P/anothidium cyclophorum (Heiden) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
Cavinula heleros/auron (Germain) Van de Vijver nov. comb. Planothidium densistriatum Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
Cavinula heleros/auran var. rostrata (Germain) Van de Vijver nov, comb. Plal10thidium margil10striatum Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
Chamaepinnularia aerophi/a Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. Psammothidiwn confuswn (Manguin) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
Chamaepinnularia aliena (Krasske) Van de Vijver & le Cohu nov. comb. Psammothidium confusum var. atomoides (Manguin) Yan de Vijver nov. comb.
Chamaepinnu!aria australomediocris (Lange-Bertalot & Schmidt) Van de Vijver Psammothidium confusiforme Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
nov. comb. Psammothidium incognitum (Krasske) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
Chamaepillnularia gracilistriata Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. Psammothidium manguinii (Hustedt) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
Craticula saIsuginosa Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. Psammothidium ob/ongel/um (Oestrup) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
Diadesmisfaurei Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. Sel/aphora subantarctica Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
Frustulia subantarctica Van de Vijver & Heyens nov. spec. Se/laphora twnida Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
Gomphonema possessionenes Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. Slaurosira alpestrEs (Krasske) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
Gomphonema subantarcticum Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
Han/zschia possessionensis Van de Vijver & Beyeos nov. spec.
Kobayasie/la subantarc/ica Van de Vijver & Vanhoutte nov. spec.
Lutico/a ledeganckii Van de Vijver nov. spec.
Lwieo/a robusta Van de Vijver, Ledeganck & Beyens nov. spec
Navicula ec/oris Van de Vijver nov. spec.
Navicula vene/iformis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
Ni/zschia chardezii Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
Orthoseira biportulata Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
Pinnuavis gebhardii (Krasske) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
Pinnularia acidicola Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov. spec.
Pinnlliaria acidico/a var. elongata Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov. spec.
Pinnu/aria alpitriformis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.
Pinnularia amae Van de Vijver nov. spec.
Pinnularia angliciformis Van de Vijver & Beycns nov. spec.
Pinnularia crozelii Van de Vijver & Le Cobu nov. spec.
Pinnu/aria cuneorostrata (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cobu nov. comb.
Pinnu/aria decrescens var. kergllelellsis (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cohu
nov. comb.
Pinnu/aria dulcicola (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Çohu nov. comb.
Pinnularia extralonga Van de Vijver, Beyens & Le Cobu nov. spec.
Pinnu/aria laperousei Van de Vijver & Beyens nov, spec.
PÎll11ularia lecohui Van de Vijver nov. spec.
 16 17

Achnantlres Bory 1822 lsotype: PLP-008 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4050 (National Botanical
Garden, Meise).
mllelleri Carlson
AcllIIQlltlJes PI.J9/l-11,2011-8 Type locallty: Pointe Basse, 1Ie de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample
in Carlson (1913) p.23 pl.3 figs.5-6 BA061 (coll. date 2111 111999).
Morph.: Valves rhombic to elliptical-Ianceolate (L 30-80~m, W 16-23~m, 9-12 Ecol.: Only found on one location, in the bare sail of a small shallow cave.
striae in 101lm). The striac, consisting of one row of areolac, are separated by located on the river' edge, about 3 meter above water level. The diatom
bighly silicified costae. Each accola is built of several paral1e] rows of small composition of the sarnple points ta a more brackish environment.
poroids. RV: axial acea lanceolate, central area sometimes bordered by 2-4 striae. Distr.: Dcscribed from Ile de la Possession and recently observed in sorne moss
The central raphe nodules are completely curved backwards. ARV: the very samples from Ile Heard (pers. observation).
narrow pseudo~raphe is completely deplaced to one valve side (therefore
sometimes difficult to observe). At cach valve pole, the presence of an 'orbiculus'
should be noted (Le Cohu & Maillard 1983). This orbiculus is connected with the Achnallthii/i/llll Kützing 1844
pseudo-raphe.
Ecol.: Very rare taxon. Only observed in very low frequencies, mostly in alkaline Aclmanthidium milwtissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki PI.22/1-9,19-20
lakes and pools with higher specifie conductance values (up to 2090~S/cm). Also in Lange-Bertalot & Krammer (1989) p.l03 pl.51 figs.I-20
present in semi-wet soils (35-50%). Syn.: Achnanthes minutissima Kützrng AcJl1lanthidium microcephalum Kützing,
Distr.: South Georgia (Carlson 1913, Fukushima 1965, Van de Vijver & Beyens AcJl1lanthidill1n lineare W. Smith
1996, 1997a), Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1983: A. inflata). Morph.: Valves linear-Ianceolate with (sometimes broad) rostrate ends (L 12-
Remarks: Le Cohu & Maillard (1983) discussed the presence of Achnanthes 25~m, W 2-4~m, ±28 striae in lO~m). Transapical striae slightly radiate,
inflata on the nearby Kerguelen archipelago. Based on comparison between SEM consisting of one row of rounded or slit-like areelae. ARV: axial area very
material from South Georgia and Crozet, the designated Kerguelen valves belong naITOW, illternally (SEM) visible as a thin sternum' RV: axial area relatively
to A. muel/eri. The status of A. muel/eri as a separate taxon should be further narrow, linear with a straigbt, filiform raphe. Central area with coarser, shartened
investigated. It is possible that the Subantarctic valves are conspecific with A. striae. Raphe enrlings straight.
illflata var. e/ala (Leuduger-Fortrnorel) Hustedl. Ecol.: Quite common in larger circumneutral lakes with low ta moderate
conductivity values «160j..1S/cm). Also present in wet non-submerged masses
Aclmalltltes naviformis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. P1.2l!1-10 and wet soils.
Diagnosis: Valvae lineares rnarginibus parallelis undulatisque et terminationibus Distr.: Widespread in tbe entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region.
late rotundatis. Longitudo 30-40Mm, Latitudo 10~m. Arenvalva: area axialis
linearis, plane distincta. Striae transapicales parallelae in centra, 1eviter radiatae Aclmanthidium modestiforme (Lange-Bertalot) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
ad polos, constans ex serie Ulla areolarum rotundatarum, 11-12 in lO~m. PI.22/1 0-18,21-22
Raphovalva: area axialis linearis, area centralis lata, staurofomlÎs. Striae Basionym: Achnanthes modestiformis Lange-Bertalot in Lange-Bertatot &
transapicales radiantes in media parte valvae, convergentes ad polos, 13-15 in Krarnmer (1989) p.107 pl.55 figs.33-42'
IOj..1m. Raphe filiformis tenninationibus centralibus expansls, fissuris terminalibus Syn.: Achnanthes modesta Manguin
curvatis. Mnrph.: Valves lanceolate with suhrostrate ends. (L Il,5-23~m, W 3,5-5~m, 25
Description: Valves tinear with paral1el, undulating margins and broadIy rounded striae in lOlJm). RV: axial area hneaT, slightly widened near the central area.
ends (L 30-40~m, W lO~m, 11-12 striae in lO~m on the ARV, 13-15 striae in Central area with more spaced, (shorter) striae (sometimes at one side, no shorter
10~m on the RV). Axial area linear, quite distinct. Striae paralle! in the middle, striae can be observed). Raphe filifonn. ARV: axial area very narrow, linear,
slightly radiate towards the ends, consisting of one row of rounded areolae. RV: \Vider in the central area. Median striae much shorter.
axial area linear, central area broad, stauroform. Transapical striae radiate, Ecol.: Fairly abondant in wet, non-submerged masses. In standing waterbodies,
convergent near the poles. Raphe filifonn with expanded central endings and this taxon seems ta prefee smaller, slightly acid pools with low conductivity
curved terminal fissures. values «IOO~Slcm).
Rolotype: CAS-220056 (Califomian Academy of Science).
 18 19

Distr.: Kerguelen (BmlITelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard slightly radiate, changing ta convergent near the pales. lntemaUy, striae show no
1983, Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001), South Orkney Islands (Oppenheim & interruption bctween valve and mantle face. Raphe filiform with hooked terminal
Greenwood 1990), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a). fissures and slightly curved central endings.
Remarks: Le Cohu & Maillard (1983) suggest lhat A. modestiforme should he Ecol.: Uncommon on fie de la Possession where it was found mostly in relatively
considered to be a fonn of the A, minutissimum-complex. This is not foJ1owed by dry mosses. ln soils, it bas been observed in moderately wet and slightly acid
Lange-Bertalol & Krammer (1989) who kept A. modestiforme as a separale laxon. soils with a fairly high nutrient status.
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, LaI·son 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard
1986, Van de Vijverel 01. 1998a, 2001).
Adlafia Moser et al. 1998 Remarks: Manguin described two taxa with the same name. The Kerguelen taxon
was the first to he published and 50 it is the valid name. The other taxon,
Adlafia bryopllila (petersen) Lange-Bertalot PI.43/1-14,44/1 described from New Caledonia in 1962, was transferred to Adlafia under tbe name
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.181 pl.79 figs.I-8' of A. muscora (Kociolek & Reviers) Lange-Bertalot.
Syn.: Navicula bryophila Petersen, Navicula maillardii Gennain
Morph.: Valves Iinear with parallel margins and (sub-)capitate ends (L 14-20~m, Ad/afiafreIJotii Van de Vijver, Ledeganck & Beyens nov. spec.
W 2,5-3,5J..lm, 30-38 striae in lOJlm). Axial area narrow, lînear. Central area Pl.43/15-20, 44/4-5
small, bordered by irregularly spaced, shortened striae. Striae uniseriate, in the Diagnosis: Valvae lineares-ellipticae marginibus clare convexis et
middle strongly radiate changing abruptly to convergent near the poles. Raphe telminationibus obtuse rotundatis, rostratis ad etiam suhcapitatas. Longitudo 18-
filiform with slightly curved central endings. Terminal fissures sharply hooked 261lm, latitudo 3-4,5)J.m. Area axialis angusta, linearis. Area centralis minima vel
into the same direction. destituta. Striae transapicales regulatim dispositae, fortiter radiatae, abrupte
Ecol.: The highest abundances (up to 50%) are observed in relatively wei moss convergentes ad polos (35-45 in lO~m). Raphe filiformis, leviter curvata. Pori
samples and soil samples. The mean F-value for moss moisture is 4,2±1,4 for the centrales indistincti. Fissurae terminales fortiter d6.flectae. Differt ab Adlafia
valves that fonnerly belonged to Navicula bryophila and 3,3± 1,2 for the Naviclila bryophila circumscrlptione plus convexa, ordinatione striarum plus regulare et
maillardii valves. In sail samples, it has been found in slightly acid (mean pH numera striarum grandiore.
6,17), nutrient-poor soUs. A. bryopJzila is less common in lakes, rivers and pools. Description: Valves linear-elliptical with clearly convex margins and obtusely
Valves of N. bryopllila are recorded from sligbtly acid lakes wbereas N. maillardii rounded, rostrate to even snbcapitale ends (L 18-26~m, W 3-4,5~m). Axial arca
valves occurred in circumneutral ta slightly alkaline pools. narrow, tinear. Central area very small or lacking. Transapical striae regularly
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Germain 1982, Le spaced, strongly radiate becoming abruptly convergent to the poles (35-45 in
Cobu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001), South Orkney Islands 10~m). Raphe filifoll11, slighlly curved. Central pores indistinct. Terminal
(Jones el 01. 1993), South Shetland Islands (Schmidt et al. 1990), South Georgia fissures strongly dellected. Differs from A. b.yopllila by the more convex valve
(Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a), Macquarie Island (McBride el al. 1999), outline, the more regular striation pattem and the larger nurober of striae.
Horsesboe Island (Wasell & H:\kansson 1992). Holotype: CAS-220062 (Califomian Academy of Science).
Remarks: Apart from the more capitate outline, no differences in structure could Isotype: PLP-013 (University of AnlWerp, RUCA), BR-4055 (National Botanical
be found belWeen N. maillardii Germain and N. b.yophila Petersen. Although Garden, Meise).
there seems ta be a small difference in ecology, bath are included within Ad/afia Type locality: Vallée des Branloires, lie de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago,
bryophila. Sample BA004 (coll. dale 18/12/97).
Etymology: The taxon is named after Dr. Yves Frenot from the Biologieal Station
Adlafia bryophiloides (Manguin) Van de Vijver nov. comb. P1.45/1-14 at Paimpont (Université de Rennes) to thaok him for ail bis help to comfort our
Basionym: Navicuia b.yoplliloides Manguin in Bonrrelly & Manguin (1954) work on Ile de la Possession.
Mém. Inst. Sei. Madagascar p.27 pl.3 fig.31 (non Navieula bryoplliloides Ecol.: Adlafia frenotii was only found in the Vallée des Branloires in low
Manguin 1962) abundances (max. 6%) where it preferred relatively wet soils (np to 81%
Morph.: Valves linear with sligbtly undnlating margins and c1ear (snb-)capilate moisture) and semi-wet mosses. Two occurrences have been reported from
broadly rounded ends (L 34-44~m, W 6-7,5~m, 20-25 striae in lO~m). Axial area slightly acid (pH 6,3-6,5) lakes in the Vallée des Branloires.
!inear, central area circular, bordered by shortened striae. Striae uniseriate, Distr.: Found on Ile de la Possession and Kerguelen (Van de Vijver et al. 2001).
 20 21

Remarks: This new taxon closely resernbles A. bJyophila but can he AlIlpllOra Ehrenberg in Kützing 1844
differentiated by the higher number of striae in IOJlm, the more convex outline
(different UW ratio) and the more regular striation pattern. ln LM, the striae are AmpllOra copI/Iota (Kützing) Schoeman & Archibald PI. 78/1-5,14
hardly visible in A. [reno/li white in A. bryophila., striae are always clearly in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.345 pl.I49 figs.3-11 as A. libyea
observable. Syn.: Amphara libyca Ehrenberg, Ampham avalis var. libyca (Ehrenherg) Cleve
Morph.: Valves strongly dorsiventral, c~escent-shaped, in girdle-view broadly
Adlafia lillearis (Maillard) Van de Vijver nov. eomb. nov. stat. P1.46/1-11 elliptieal with bluot, dorsally curved ends (L 31-42~m, W 14-19~m, 15 striae in
Basionym: Navieula bryophiloides var. linearis Maillard (1986) Annls. Limool. IOjlm). Dorsal side strongly convex, ventral side concave or straight. Width of
22 p.106 fig.26 individual valve 7-9j..lm. Hyaline area between valve face and mant1e face only in
Morph.: Valves linear with undulating margins and broadly rounded ends (L 27- SEM clearly visible, in LM present as a smail line interrupting the striae. Striae
37~m, W 4-6~m, 21-25 striae in 10~m). Axial area narrow, central area elliptical. uniseriate, consisting of several long lineolae, slightly radiate. Short striae visible
Striae placed in relatively deep depressions, uniseriate, radiate in the middle, on the ventral side. Axial area narrow. Raphe placed on so-called raphe ledge.
changing to convergent oear the pales. Strïae inteffilpted Dear the mantle face by Central raphe endings fust curved ventrally, then terminating towards the dorsal
a hyaline area, continuing as rows of large rounded individual areolae on the valve side. Terminal fissures sharply bent dorsally. Central area asymmetrical
mant1e face. Intemally, the interruption is clearly visible. Raphe filiform with with a ventral, broadening fascia and dorsally surrounded by shortened striae.
curved central cnrlings and sharply hooked terminal fissures. Ecol.: Rare on Ile de la Possession, usually found in relatively large lakes with
EcoL: Rare on Ile de la Possession. Records from mosses and soils are scarce. very high pH (10,4) and fairly low conductivity (170~S/em). ln mosses and soils,
The taxon reached its highest abundance in a smail circunmeutral lake. In soils, it no observations were made.
was observed in slightly acid and semi-wet samples. Distr.: Kerguelen (Germain 1937, Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu &
Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver et al.1998a Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001), Continent (Gillieson 1991,
(misidentified as Calalleis aff. telluis (Gregory) Krammer), 2001). Hodgson et al. 2001), South Georgia (Van de Vijvei. unpublished results), South
Remarks: Althougb quite sirnilar to A. bryophiloides, A. linearis c1early differs Shetland Islands (Temniskova-Topalova et al. 1996).
from it by the structure of its striae, especially the transition from valve face to
mantle (no interruption observed within A. bryaphilaides). The lack of the Ampllor. velleta Kützing PI.78/6-13
capitate ends enforces the decision to raise this taxon to species leveJ. in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.384 pl.l51 figs.7-17
Morph.: Valves in girdle view elliptical with broadly rounded, sometimes
Adlafia milll/sel/la (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot PI.43/21-26,4412-3 protracted ends. Individual valves strongly dorsiventral with a convex dorsal side
in Lange-Bertalot (2001) p.143 pl.I 08 figs.4-1 0 and a sligbtly concave to straigth ventral side (L 14-34~m, W 6-13~m, 22-32
Syn. Navicula minuscula Grunow striae in lOllm). Width of individual valve 3-6Ilm. In LM, no distinction visible
Morph.: Valves rhombic-elliptical with obtusely rounded ends (L 14-16~m, W between mantle and valve face. In SEM sometimes a small hyaline area is present.
4,6-6j..lm). Axial area very narrow, linear. No central area present. Raphe Striae uniseriate, consisting of several lineolae. In the middle, 5-7 striae more
filiform, straight with simple central endings and terminal endings defiected spaced with larger lineolae. Striae completely lacking or highly reduced on the
towards the same side. Transapical striae not observable in LM (35-40 in 10~m), ventral side. Raphe present on typical raphe ledge with central endings dorsally
strongly radiate in the middle, convergent near the poles. In the centre, sorne curved and terminal endings sharply bent towards the dorsal margin.
shorter striae are placed between the longer ones. Ecol.: A. veneta is frequently recorded on Ile de la Possession, but ooly in open
Ecot.: A. minuscula was found on two locations: in high abundances in a large waterbodies from the Jardin Japonais. Only very few observations were made in
lake in the Jardin Japonais (pointe Basse) with a very higb pH (i.e. 9,3) and ratber mosses and almost none in soils. When present, A. veneta seems to prefer higher
high conductivity (220~S/cm) and secondly in quite wet soil samples taken in the pH-values (8-10) and a relatively elevated specifie conductance (±270~S/cm).
irnrnediate vicinity of the 'sources ferrugineuses' with a pH-value between 5,4 Dlstr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1986), Maritime Antarctic Region (Van
and 6,6 and relatively high amounts of cWoride and sulfate. Relative abundances de Vijver & Beyens 1997b), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996,
in the soil samples however, never exceeded 2%. 1997a), James Ross Island (Bjorck et ai. 1996), South Shetland Islands (Opalinslei
Distr.: King George Island (Schmidt et 01. 1990), Antarctic Continent (Kellogg et 1972, Bjorck et al. 1993), South Orkney Islands (Oppenheim & Greenwood 1990,
al. 1980)
 22 23

Oppenheim 1990), Continent (Robelts & McMinn 1996, 1999), Horseshoe Island Distr.: Widespread in the entire (Sub-)AntarctÎc Region.
(Wasell & Hakansson 1992), Macquarie Island (McBride et al. 1999). Remarks: The original C. baeil/um (Gnmow) Cleve is a typical brackish-marine
taxon. Due to sorne taxonomical drift, a lot of freshwater valves have been
associated with this taxon. Today, these valves are no longer considered to be C.
Aulucoseiru Thwaites 1848 bacillum but the real taxonomical status of this taxon is unknown. Therefore, we
still name the valves found on Crozet C. bacil/um until the true status is revealed.
Aulacoseira distamî (Ehrenberg) Simonsen PI.l/1-l5
in Crawford & Likhoshway (1999) p.239-250 Ca[oneis delphineae Van de Vijver nov. spec. PI.84/l-9
Syn.: Melosira distans (Ehrenberg) KÜtzing Diagnosis: Valvae pandurifonnes apicibusque cuneate rotundatis. Longitudo 35-
Morph.: Cells cylindrical, forming short chains (Diameter 4-Ilf'm, mantle height 48flm, latitudo 7-9/lm. Area axialis lanceolata comparate lata, 1/2 latihldinis
4-SI.l.,m). Short cailar present. Areolae on the mande arranged in aimost parallel, valvae extendens. Area centralis rectangularis fascia. Raphe leviter curvata, paris
straight rows. Valve face covered with randomly distributed areo\ae. AIl valves centralibus clare notati~ leviterque flexis. Utrinque pororum centralium structurae
found with a complete covering of the valve face. Deep ringleist present. Spines lunatae adsunt, apparentes in microscopio optico velut series pororum. Striae
are observed on the margins of ail valves, sometimes broken. Spines may be transapicales leviter radiantes in media parte valvae, leviter convergentes ad
bifurcate or with expanded top, situated between two rows of areolae. apices, 18-20 in lOf'm.
EcoL: A. dislans is found mostly in samples frOID lakes and larger pools with low Description: Valves pandurifonn with cuneately rounded ends (L 35-48~m, W 7-
specific conductance values (60-140f'S/cm) and slightly acid ta circumneutral pI-I- 9/lm). Axial area lanceolate, relatively broad, 1/2 of valve width. Central area a
values (6-7,2). Records from soils are scarce and relative frequencies do not broad rectangular fascia. Raphe slightly curved with c1early marked, weakly bent
exceed 3%. In moss vegetation, A. dislans is observed in very wet, floating central pores. On both sides of the central pores, large lunate markings present,
masses. No records from dry mosses. appearing as a row of pores in LM. Trallsapical striae weakly radiate in the
Distr.: King George Island (Opalinski 1972), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & middle, slightly convergent near the apices, 18-20 striae in 10/lm.
Beyens 1996, 1997a), Kerguelen (Bourreily & Manguin 1954, Van de Vijver et Holotype: CAS-220089 (Californian Academy of Science).
al. 1998a, 2001), Crozet (Pierre 1977). Isotype: PLP-040 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4082 (National Botanical
Remarks: Due ta the variable appearance of the spines, the taxon bas been Garden, Meise).
misidentified by Van de Vijver & Beyens (1999a) as A. alpigena (Grunow) Type locality: Crique de Noël, TIe de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample
K.rarnrner. A thorough examination and comparison justifies however the BAl60 (coll. date 28101/2002).
identification as A. dislans. Detailed infonnation regarding the morphology of A. Etymology: The specific epithet refers ta Delphine Verrier whose kind support
distans can be found in Crawford & Likhoshway 1999). during the third sampling campaign on TIe de la Possession (Ianuary-March 2002)
was much appreciated.
Ecot: Found once in a srnal1 fissure in cHffs bordering the coastline. Occurring in
Culolleis Cleve 1894 very low numbers.
Distr.: Only found 50 far on Ile de la Possession.
Caloneis cf. bacillunI sensu auct. nonnull. (non sensu Grunow) P1.821l-9,15
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.390 pU73 figs.9-20 Calolleis marllieri Manguin Pl.83/1-?
Morph.: Valves linear to linear-lanceolate with weakly convex margins and in Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) p.23 pl.3 fig.24
broadly rounded ends (L 22-42f'm, W 4-6~m, 22-26 striae in 10f'm). Axial area Morph.: Valves Iinear with parallel margins and broadly rounded ends (L 50-
narrow, Iinear. Central area a very broad, rectangular fascia. Raphe straight or 75~m, W 10-17f'11l, 20-22 striae in lO~m). Axial area narrow, linear, bordered by
slightly curved, filifonn with weakly deflected central pores and clear temÜnal irregularly shortened striae. Central area a small, rectangular, sometimes even
fissures. Transapical striae almost paralIe! to weakly radiate, weakly convergent asymmetrical fascia. Raphe filifonn, straight with indistinct central pores.
neaf the pales. A fine longitudinal band present on the striae. Transapical striae parallel throughout the entire valve. A longitudinal band is
Ecol.: Fairly common in relatively dry «40%) sligbtly acid ta circumneutral soils present.
with low specifie conductance and nutrient values and relatively wet masses Eco!.: Rare on Ile de la Possession, mostly found in larger circumneutral to
(mean F-value 3,9±1,7). Less common in water habitats such as lakes and rivers. alkaline lakes. Present in very low frequencies «1 %) in soil and moss samples.
 24 25

Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard CavÏllllla Mann & Stickle 1990
1986, Van de Vijver e/ al. 1998a, 2001), Macquarie Island (McBride et al. 1999).
Cavillula helerastauron (Germain) Van de Vijver nov. comb. Pl.55/1-6
Calolleis aff. si/icula var. mimi/a (Grunow) Cleve P1.82/l0-14 Basionym: Navicula heterostauron Germain (1937) Bult. Soc. Fr. Microsc. VI
in Cleve-Euler (1955) p.l 00 fig. 1144m,n p.13 fig. 7
Syn.: Caloneis ventricosa var. minuta (GrullOW) Patrick Morph.: Valves elliptic-Ianceolate with sharp, slightly constricted ends (L 19-
Morph.: Valves linear-Ianceolate with undulated margins and cuneately rounded 24j.t.m, W 7-SjJm, 24-26 striae in 1OI1m): Striae uniseriate with round areolae,
ends (L 25-35flm, W 4,5-6,5flm, 21-24 striae in IOflm). Axial area narrow, linear. strongly radiate near the central area, slightly radiate towards the pales. Axial
Central area a broad rectangular fascia. Raphe straight, hnear with weak1y area narrow, central area large forming an asymmetrical stauras. Striae (6-7) at
deflected central curlings. Central pores distinct. Transapical striae parallel ta one side in central area shorter, more spaced, lacking (or present in only higWy
weakly radiate in the middle, entirely paraliel towards the ends. Longitudinal reduced form) at the other side. Raphe filiform with central endings expanded,
band present. pore-like. Terminal fissures straight.
Ecol.: Rare on Ile de la Possession. No clear ecological preferences measured. Ecal.: C. heterastauron is Dot common on De de la Possession. Most of the
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourreliy & Manguin 1954 (as C sifieula var. peisonis valves were found in relatively dry soils (moisture 35-50%) with slightly acid pH
Hustedt), Le Cohu & Maillard 1986). (6,1). In masses and freshwater waterbodies, only a few valves were found.
Distr.: Kerguelen (Germain 1937, Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu &
Maillard 1986).
Cavemosa Stidolph 1990 Remarks: Cavinula ~apidosa shows a similar valve outline but lacks the
asymmetrical stauros and has more curved terminal raphe fissures. Therefore we
Cavemosa kapitialla Stidolph PI. 5/1-8 suggest to keep C. heterostauron as a separate taxon.
in Stidolph (1990) p.97-110
Morph.: Frustule cylindrical. Valves convex or concave (diameter 16-40flm) Cavinuia heterostaurolt var. rostrata (Germain) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
Valve face with structure of irregularly scattered puncta with raised Jims. Puncta PI. 5517-16
denser in the marginal area than in the central acea. continuing on the first part of Basionym: Navicula heterostauron var. rostrata Germain (1937) Bull. Soc. Fr.
the manlle face. Manlle face heavily siUcified with lhick plates. Large stellate Microsc. VI p.13 fig.8
spines placed around the valve margin. Internally, several shallow marginal Syn.: Navicula meridionalis Hustedt
cavities are present. One central curved labiate processus present. MOI·ph.: Valves elliptic-linear with protracted, rostrated ends (L 14-16,5flm W
Eeol.: Present in soil samples taken from small scratches on cliffs bordering the 5,5-6flm, 24-27 striae in 10flm). Differs from the nominate variety by ils smaller
coast and in severa! small caverns ncar the base. valves and the typical rostrate euds. Stauros always asymmetrical, completely
Distr.: So far only found on Ile de la Possession. The only locality in the world lacking striae at one side.
where C. kapitiana, was found, is a smal1 island ocar the coast of New Zealand. Ecol.: Same ecology as the nominate variety. The var. rostrata seems to be more
No other mondial observations were made! common although relative numbers a1ways remain low.
Remarks: Unmistakable with the large spines and the altemating darker and Distr.: Kerguelen (Gennain 1937, Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu &
Iighter spots on the mande face. Confusion with taxa from the genus Orthoseira Maillard 1986).
and Melosira is almast impossible due to the lack of the so-called carinoportulae Remarks: C. heleras/auran var. ros/rala should be considered to be only a
and the presence of the labiate processus and the cavities on the valve interior. (morphological) variety ojC lzeterostaurol/ as it has been described hy Germain.
Further details on the structure and separation of Cavernosa from Melosira cao be Both taxa appear sometimes in the sarne sarnples, which means that we are not
found in Stidolph (1990). dealing with an ecological morphotype. There are bowever tao few features ta
justify the separation as a new species.
 26 27

Chamaepinnularia Lange-Bertalot & Krammer 1996 smaller than C. evanida, due to a larger UW ratio. Based on ail charactcrs, this
taxon Clearly belongs to the gemls Chamaepinnularia.
Cltamaep;""u/aria aeropltila Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. PI. 6311-11 {
Diagnosis: Valvae lanceolatae. turnidae in media parte valvae apicibus obtuse C"amaepimwlariu australomedi cris (Lange-Bertalot & Schmidt) Van de Vijver
rotundatis. Longitudo 11-17~mJ latitudo 2-3J.1m. Arca axialis potius (ata, linearis nov. comb. p1.86n-14
ad lanceolatam. Arca centralis formans fasciam rectangularem. Raphe filifonnis, Basionym: Navicula australomediacris Lange-Bectalot & Schmidt in Schmidt et
leviter curvata. Tenninationes centrales leviter deflectae poris centralibus parvis al. (1990) p.65 fig.7i-k 1
sed distinctis. Fissurae terminales uncinatac. Striae transapicales parallelae ad Morph.: Valves linear-elliptical with obtusely rounded apices (L 8-15~m, W 3-
leviter radiantes, parallelae vel convergentes ad polos, 15-18 in IOJlm. 4Jlm, 24-30 striae in IOJlm). Axial area linear, narrow, widening towards the
Description: Valves lanceolate, swollen in the middle with obtusely rounded central area. Central area fonning a broad fascia. One or two shortened striae
apices (L 11-17~m, W 2-3~m, 15-18 striae in lO~m). Axial area rather broad, sometimes present in the middle. Raphe filifOlm, straight. Central endings
Iinear to lanceolatc. Central area forming a rectangular fascia. Raphe filifonn, weakly deflected with rounded central pores. Terminal fissures hooked.
sligbtly curved. Central endings weakly deflected with small but distinct central Transapical striae parallel to weakly radiate, convergent towards the poles.
pores. Tenninal fissures hooked. Transapical striae parallel ta weakly radiate, Ecol.: Common in soils, mosses, lakes and ri vers. Seems ta prefer lakes with
parallel or convergent towards the poles. more circumneutral conditions with lower to rnoderate specifie conductance
Holotype : CAS-220093 (Califomian Academy of Science). values although the taxon bas also been found in rivers. Present in wet mosses
Isotype: PLP-044 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4086 (National Botanical and relatively wet (50-70%) soils with lower nutrient values.
Garden, Meise). Distr.: King George Island (Schmidt et al. 1990), South Orkney Islands (Jones et
Type locallty: Crique de Noel, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample al. 1993, Hâkansson & Jones 1994, Jones & Juggings 1995), South Shetland
BA 160 (coll. date 28/01/2002). Islands (Hakansson & Jones 1994), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens
Ecol. : Found regularly on cliffs and in small caves bordering the coastline. The 1996, 1997a).
influence of sea-spray is quite likely. Remarks: Based on ail characters, this taxon clearly belangs to the genus
Distr.: So far ooly found on ne de la Possession. Chamaepinnularia.
Remarks: The combination of features (especially the interruption of the striae on
the valve face/mantle margin) justifies the place of this new taxon within tbe ClramaeplllllUlar/a evall/da (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot P1.85/8-10
genus Chamaepinflularia. It closely resembles C. soehrensis var. muscicola but in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.32 pl.77 figs.ll-16
can easily be distillguished by the more irregular valve outline. Syn: Navicula evanida Hustedt
Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianceolate to rbomboid-Ianceolate with obtusely
Clwlllaepilllwlaria a/iella (Keasske) Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov. comb. rounded ends (L 7-10~m, W 2-3~m, 23-25striae in 10~m). Axial area narrow,
P1.85/l-7 widening towards the central area. Central area rhomboid ta elliptical, no fascia
Basionym: Navicula aliena Krasske in Lange-Bertalot et al. (1996) Bibl. Diatom. present. Raphe filiform with weakly deflected, rounded central pores and hooked
3 p.96 p1.l9 figs.19-20 terminal fissures. Transapical striae maderately radiate. In SEM, the striae are
Morph.: Valves elliptical-lanceolate with rounded ends (L 11-12(18)~m, W 3- divided into two parts by a long hyaline area.
3,5~m, 24-26 striae in lO~m). Axial area narrow, widening towards the central Ecol.: Fairly common in relatively wet (50-70%), slightly acid (pH 6,1-6,5) soils.
area. Central area rhomboid to elliptical, no fascia present. Raphe filifonn witb Distr.: South Orkney Islands (Oppenheim 1990).
weakly deflected, rounded central pores and hooked terminal fissures.
Transapical striae radiare, more convergent towards the pales. In SEM, the striae Challlaepilllwlaria gracilistriata Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. P1.8?/l-?
are divided intn two parts by a long hyaline area. Diagnosis: Valvae lineares-Ianceolatae apicibus cuneate rotundatis. Longitudo
Ecol.: Fairly common in larger, slightly acid lakes witb low specifie conductance 20-25Jlm, latitudo 3-4Jlm. Area axialis angusta, linearis. Area centralis in modo
«1 OO~S/cm) and low nutrient values. fasciae latae symmetricae. Raphe filiformis, paene recta poris centralibus parvis
Distr.: So far ooly found on ne de la Possession. indistinctisque. Fissurae terminales leviter fonnatae similes slgno interrogationis.
Remarks: The taxon closely resembles C. evallida (see below) but can be Striae traosapicales moderate radiantes in media parte valvae, convergentes ad
distinguished by the longer, more lanceolate outline. C. aliena appears much polos, vix visibiles in microscopio optico, 30-35 in lO)-lm.
 28 29

Description: Valves linear-Ianceolate with cuneately rounded ends (L 20-25Jlm, Ecol.: Fairly common in larger, slightly acid lakes with low «IOO~S/cm) specifie
W 3-4,..un). Axial area narrow, linear. Centra! aTea a very large, symmetrical conductance values.
fascia. Raphe filifonn almost straight with small indistinct central pores. Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu, personal communication).
Terminal fissures weakly ?-shaped. Transapîcal striae rnoderately radiate in the Remarks: This taxon presents aIl features typical for Chamaepinnularia. They
middle, convergent near the pnles, hard to resolve in LM, 30-35 in 10~m. are easily separated from similar taxa in the samples sucb as C. evanida or C.
Holotype: CAS-220080 (Califomian Acaderny of Sciences). australomediacris, the latter having a large fascia. Nevertheless, a clear
lsotype: PLP-031 (University of AnlWerp, RUCA), BR-4073 (National Botanical identification of this taxon could riot be found. It is possible that we are dealing
Garden, Meise). here with a new taxon. Further research sould clarify this.
Type 10c.Ury: Vallée de la Hébé, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago,
Sample BA78 (coll. date 29/11/1999).
Ecal.: Only found in one soil sample in low abundances. The ecological features Coccolleis Ehrenberg 1838
of this sample are: pH 5,6, specific conductance 1953~S/cm, ammnnium
1,68mgll, phosphate 3,44rngll and chloride 15mgIJ. The sample was taken about Coccolleis lIeotlrulllellsis Krammer Pl. 33/6-18
lOm from the sea. The presence of this species in another soil sample with the in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (\991 b) p.91 pl.57 figs.8-3\
same ecological featuTes needs to he continned with SEM results. Syn.: Cocconeis diminuta Pantoczek
Distr.: So far only found on Ile de la Possession. Morph.: Valves broad-elliptical (L 10-12~m, W 6-7~m). ARV: axial area
Remarks: Very fine-structured taxon, striae hard to resolve in LM. narrow, somewhat lower than the rest of the valve. Transapical striae strongly
radiate, 20-26 in 10J..lm, consisting of 4-5 slit-like areolae, clearly visible in LM.
Challlaepillllularia soehrensis var. lIIuscicola (Petersen) Lange-Bertalot & Areolae are on the outside sometirnes covered witb half-Iunar-shaped vela. RV:
Krammer PI.86/1-6 small, but in LM still visible valvocopula boards the entire valve, forming a
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.224 pl.78 figs.7-8 hyaline margin. Axial area narrow, linear with a straïght, filiform raphe. Central
Syn: Navicula soehrensis var. muscicola Petersen pores clearly visible, quite close tagether. Transapical striae 22-26 in 10/lm,
Morph.: Valves linear with obtusely rounded, sometimes weakly subcapitate radiate, consisting of one row of rounded areolae.
apices (L 10-19~m, W 2-3~m, 17-20 striae in lO~m). Axial area rather broad, Ecol.: This taxon bas only been found in the region around Lapérouse where
linear to lanceolate, wider in the middle, around the central pores. Central area several valves (only minor abundances: 5-10%) were observed in semi-wet
eUiptical, no fascia present. Raphe filiform, sometimes slightly curved. Central masses and in a small lake with circumneutral pH and high conductivity values
endings weakly deflected with small central pores. Terminal fissures hooked. ( 1730~S/cm).
Transapical striae parallel to weakly radiate, parallel or even convergent towards Distr.: First record from the (Sub-)Antarctic Region.
the poles.
Ecol.: Common in very wet (>90%), acid soils. Probably indifferent to variable
specifie conductance values in soils since this taxon was found frOID 51 to CoslIIiOlleis Mann & Stickle 1990
1173~S/cm. Prefers very wet mosses (mean F-value 3,2±1,4). Very common in
acid pools, especially in the Vallée des Branloires. Again, no preference for Cosllliolleis grosseplUlctata (Hustedt) Mann P1.54/l-10
specific conductance (57-2090~S/cm). in Witkowski et al. 2000 p.l77 pU 07 figs. 7-11
Distr.: Kerguelen (Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001). Syn.: Navicula grossepunctata Hustcdt
Morph.: Valves linear-elliptic with broadly rounded, rostrate ends (L 24-38~m,
Challlaepinnularia spec.l P1.85/15-22 W 9-12~m). Axial area narrow, linear. Central area eBiptic to circular. Raphe
Morph.: Valves elliptical to elliptical-Ianceolate with rounded ends (L 8-1I~m, straight with slightly expanded central pores and terminal fissures clearly curved
W 2-3J..lrn, 23-26 striac in lOJ..lm). Axial area narrow, linear, widening into towards the secondary side. Internally, the central raphe endings are anchor-
elliptical enlarged central area. The central area is bordered by severa1 shortcned shaped. Transapical striae radiate, more spaced in the middle, 7-9 in IOJ..lm.
striae. A fascia is lacking. Raphe filiform with distinct, sometimes weakly Striae more and more convergent towards the poles, 19-22 in lOlJ.m.
curved, central pores and hooked terminal fissures. Transapical striae radiate in Ecol.: Very rare on TIe de la Possession, mostly found as singles valves near the
the middle, parallel to convergent near the pales. coastline. The overall accepted ecology of this taxon points to a marine origin.
 30 31

However, during the last sampling campaign, a large, viable population has been Craticula submolesta (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot PI. 48/1-14
found in the soil of a small cavern at more than 1 km from the sea. The physico- in Lange-Bertalot (2001) p.1I8 pl.93 figs.35
chemical analysis of the soil material showed no increased salinity levels Syn.: Navicula submo/esta Hustedt
(Cbloride 8,0 mg/l, specifie conductance 108 ~lS/cl11). PH was circumneutraI Morph.: Valv.es almost linear to linear-Ianceolate with sIightly protracted to
(7,14) while nutrient values remained extremely ]ow. subcapitate ends CL 13-22~m, W 4-5~lm, 20-21 striae in lO~m). Axial area very
Distr.: First record for the Subantarctic Region. narrow. No central area present. Transap!cal striae parallel, convergent near the
Remarks: Witkowski et al. consider this taxon to be marine. However, togetber poles. Raphe filifoml with almost unexpanded tenninal and central pores. The
with the description, Hustedt (1944) already expressed his doubts about the foramina are apically elongated which is clearly visible in SEM.
marine origin of this taxon. It was described from a lagune on the coast of Ecol.: Fairly uncommon on Ile de la Possession. The highest abundance was
Kamerun. But, it seemed likely that the Cosmioneis valves had been washed in reached in sarnples fram the Lac Perdu. This taxon seems to prefer larger lakes
into the lagune by the river. This freshwater ecology corresponds more to the with almost circurnneutral conditions (pH 6,3-7,5) and variable conductivity
ecology we found for this taxon. values (between 60 and 2000~S/cm).
Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1986), Horseshoe lsland (Wasell &
Hakansson 1992, Wasell 1993), South Shetland Islands (Hakallssoll & Jones
Craticula Grunow 1868 1994).
Remarks: The population we found on De de la Possession, is usually a bit larger
Craticllia salslIgillosa Van de Vijver & Seyens nov. spec. Pl. 47/1-10 than generally described in the Iiterature. Since ail other characters match
Diagnosis: Valvae lanceolatae, acute rotundatae apicibus protractis rostratis ad cntirely, we decided to name them C. submolesta. In Van de Vijver & Beyens
subcapitatis, 30-35~m longae, 6,5-8~m latae. Raphe filiformis, recta. (1999a), the larger valves of this taxon were named Navicula halophila. Detailed
Telminationes proximales leviter deflectae ad latus unum. Pori centrales SEM-research however pointed out that they belong to C. submolesta.
indistincti, aliquid distantes inter se. Area axialis angusta, fere Iinearis. Area
centralis onmino abest, area axialis fortasse leviter dilatata in media. Striae Craticilia vÎXIJeglidellda Lange-Beltalot P1.48/15-21
transapicales fere parallelae sed modice convergentes ad polos, 24 30 in lO).lm.
M
in Lange-Bertalot (2001) p.ll9 pl.92 figs.13-16
Description: Valves lanceolate, acutely rounded with protracted, rostrate to Morph.: Valves elliptical-lanceolate with protracted, slightly subcapitate ends (L
subcapitate ends (L 30-35~m, W 6,5-8~m, 24-30 striae in lO~m). Raphe filiforrn, ± 23).l111, W 5-6).lffi, 25-27 striae in 10flm). Axial area narrow. Central area
straight, proximal ends deflected slightly to one side. Central pores indistinct, absent. Raphe typically CraticulaMlike with distinct central pores and deflected
somewhat distant. Axial area narrow, almost hnear. Central area completely terminal fissures. Transapical striae parallel throughout the entire valve.
absent, the axial area can be slightly widened in the middle. Striae almost Ecol.: Only found in one small, circunmeutral pool with low specifie conductance
parallel, convergent at the poles. and nutriellt values (phosphate, ammonium and nitrate concentrations almost 0).
Holotype: CAS-220060 (Californian Academy of Science). Dis!r.: Sa far only knOWll from Ile de la Possession. Recently (1993) established
Isotype: PLP-Oll (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4053 (National Botanical taxon.
Garden, Meise).
Type locallty: Crique de Noël, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample
BW067 (coll. date 12/12/1999). Cyciotella (KÜtzing) Brébisson 1838
Ecol.: C. salsuginosa was only recorded in severa] small pools, Iying close to the
sea. These pools are usually quite ephemeral and largely influenced by seaspray Cyclotellu meneghiniimu Kützing PI.6/1-ll
resulting in bigber pH (8) and conductivity- (±300~S/cm) values. No in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991a) p.44 pl.44 figs.l-10
observations were made in moss- and soil samples. Syn.: Cyclotella ktïtzingiana Thwaites
Distr.: So far only recorded from Ile de la Possession. Mnrph.: Cells drum-shaped. Valves circular (Diameter 10-25~m). Marginal area
Remarks: C. salsuginosa looks sornewhat similar to Craticula riparia (Hustedt) with large stJiae (6-9 in 10~m), larger near the valve margin than near the valve
Lange-Bertalot but differs by its length and the number of striae. center. Valve center without striation pattern. lnstead, several (variable number)
large fultoportulae are present. Short spines present near the valve margins.
 32 33

Ecol.: Found twice on ne de la Possession, once in a fairly large but shallow lake often split ioto two partitions. The fibulate raphe system is strongly eccentric with
with high pH and conductiyity values. The lake was influenced by the presence small, slightly enlarged central endings. Polar endings strongly hooked towards
of a Macaroni penguin rookerYJ that enricbed the lake (P04 concentration: the narrow valve side.
195,00mgll!). The second location was a small pool, influeneed by elephant seals. EcoL Only found in sorne soil samples. The highest abundance was reached in
The cbemical analysis of the water showed similar values. BA061. a sample taken in the Pointe Basse arca, in a smal1 cave. The
Distr.: Antaretie Continent (Fukushima 1962), Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard accompanying diatom·f1ora suggest a more brackish environment.
1986, Van de Vijver et al. 2001), Antaretie Peninsula (lzaguirre el al. 1993, Distr.: No other records found probably due to confusion with otber smalJ
VinoeUf & Pizarro 1995, Vinoeur & lzaguirre 1994, lzaguirre et al. 1998), Soutb Dell/icula species such as Oenticula subtilis Grunow.
Shetland Islands (Vinoeur & Vnrein 2000).
Rernarks: This is the only typical planktonic taxon that has been reported from
Ile de la Possession. This lack of diatom plankton in the Subantarctic Region has Diadesmis Kützing 1844
been found before (Le Cobu & Maillard 1986, Jones 1996, Van de Vijver &
Beyens 1999) but so far, no clear explanation eould be given for this D;atleslII;s al"CIIala (Heiden) Lange-Bertalot P1.59/l-9
phenomenon. in Simonsen (1992) p.64 pl.62 figs.7-1 1
Syn.: Navicula arcua/a Heiden
Morph.: Valves Iinear. convex in the middle with subcapitate. rounded ends (L
CYlIlbopleura Krammer 1 1-25~m, W 4-5,5~m, 29-34 striae in lO~m). Transapieal striae slightly radiate,
parallel near the largest width and convergent near the poles. Hyaline area
Cylllbopleura lIav;culiforlll;s (Auerswald) PI.77/l-8 bordering the striae much larger than the striae. Axial area relatively broad, Hnear,
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.338 pJ.l45 figs.6-11 widened in the median part and convergent near the poles. Central area elliptîcal,
Syn.: Cymbella llavicu/iformis Auerswald bordered by 6-7 short striae. Raphe straight, filiforrn ",ith indistinct pores.
Morph.: Valves slightly dorsiventral with elearly eapitate ends (L 36-39~m, W Ecol.: Rare in several dry soil sampies (<33%) with low nutrient and specifie
8,5-1O~m, 13-15 dorsal striae in lO~m). Dorsal side eonvex, ventral side only conductance values. Distribution in water and moss samples is ratber obscure due
slightly convex. Axial area narrow, central acea c1early present, circular ta to confusion with larger valves of D. ingeae and D.cos/ei, although only a few
rhombieal. Striae both dorsaUy and ventrally radiate, c10ser together near the valves have been found each lime.
poles. In LM individual puncta not visihle. Raphe slightly ventrally displaeed. Dis!r.: Kerguelen (Heiden & Kolbe 1928, Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson
Temlinal fissures bend towards the dorsal side. 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001),King George
Ecol.: C. naviculiformis was only rarely found on Ile de la Possession. Island (Schmidt et al. 1990).
Observations in both very wet mosses and small pools were made. pH ranges Remal"ks: The valves shown in Rurnrieh el al. (2000) do absolutely not belong to
from 6,7 to 7,1 with a relatively low conductivity (lOO-150~S/cm). No valves D. al'cua/a, based on the structure of the raphe and the general outline of the
were found in soils. valves. D. arcuata is easily confused with D. cos/ei, that has divergent striae near
Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1986). the poles and D. ingeae, that is mucb smaller. It is possible that other taxa.
derived from D. arcuata still have to be described.

Dellticula Kützing 1844 Diadesmis comperei Le Cohu & Van de Vijver P1.6117-12
in Le Cohu & Van de Vijver Annls. Limnol. (in press)
Delllicula slIlIdayellsis Archibald PI.J23fl-ID Morph.: Valves linear, slightly convex in the median with broadly rounded ends
in Archibald (1982) p.24 figs.I-5 (L 8-15~m, W 2-3 ~m, 30-32(34?) striae in lO~m). Transapical striae hardly
Morph.: Valves linear-Ianceolate with slightly convex margins and sharply radiate in the middle, then parallel and finally convergent near tbe poles. Axial
rounded ends (L 1I-12~m, W 2-2,6~m, 9-10 transapieal fibula partitions, 28-29 area quite delimited. relatively narrow. Central acea widened, bordered generally
striae in 1OIlm). Since the striae are very small, it is almost impossible to by 4-5 shorter striae. Raphe straight, filiforrn with unexpanded pores.
distinguish them in LM. ln SEM, striae appear to be biseriate, containing rounded
areolae. The fibula partitions show smal1 hunches on either side. The fihulae are
 34 35

Ecol.: Fairly comman but only in lower abundances in soil samples. Prefers Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Van de Vijver (il! press)).
aimost circumneutral dry soils with low specifie conductance values and very low Remarks: D. costei bears a large similarity to D. arcuata but it can be easily
phosphate and nitrogen concentrations. separated by the very narrow axial area and the striae that diverge ncar the pales.
Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cobu & Van de Vijver (in press)). More morphological details are given in Le Cohu & Van de Vijver (in press).
Remarks: More morphological detaîls are given in Le Cohu & Van de Vijver (in
press) Diadesmis crozetikerguelellsis Le Colm & Van de Vijver P1.60/6-14
in Le Cohu & Van de Vijver Annls. Limno!. (in press)
Diadesmis con renta (Gnmow) Marm PI.61/l-5(6?) Morph.: Valves linear with strongly undulating margins and broadly rounded,
in Moser, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (1998) p.140 pl.28 figs.5-7 subcapitate ends (L 10-15~m, W 2-3~m, 30-32 striae in 10~m). Tbe poles never
Syn.: Navicula contenta Grunow extend beyond the undulations. Transapical striae slightly radiate in the middle,
Morph.: Valves elliptical to linear with broadly rounded ends. Usually.sligbtly more and more convergent towards the poles. Axial area well-defined, linear (l/3
concave (L 4-12~m, W 2-3J..lm, 40-50 striae in lOj.lm). Axial area narrow, tinear. of tbe valve widtb). Raphe straigbt, filiforrn witb only slightly marked endings.
Central area stauroform., reaching the valve margins. Transapical striae parallel, Terminal pores cnding near the last striae. Central area widened, generally
interrupted centrally. Rapbe filiform, straigbt witb distinct T-sbaped central and bordered by 3 striae.
terminal cndings. Ecol.: Common in semi-wet soils (t 50%), usually wÎth higher specifie
Ecol.: Occurring in low numbers in relatively dry soils with low specifie conductance values and higher phosphate and chloride concentrations. pH-
conductance, phosphate and nitrogen values. indifferent but seems not to occur at pH > 7 (range 4,3-6,9).
Distr.: Very widespread in the entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region (due to taxol1omical Dis!... : Kerguelen (Le Colm & Van de Vijver (in press)).
problems it is not clear whetber tbey ail indicate D. contenta s.s.). Remarks: Easily distinguishable from D. langebertalotii by its larger shape and
Remarks: Diadesmis contenta used to be a higWy polymorphie taxon. Detailed the lower number of striae. More morphological details on D. crozetikerguelensis
analysis by Moser et al. (1998) pointed out that in fact D. contenta s.s. is quite are given in Le Cohu & Van de Vijver (in press).
uniform and weIl defined. Other Diadesmis-forms, fonnerly placed within D.
contenta should therefore be considered as new taxa. In Van de Vijver & Beyens Diadesmisjaure! Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. PI.63/13-l7
(1999a&b), D. contenta s.1. was considered. Now we know that in fact wc are Diagnosis: Valvac lineares-lanceolataeJ clare convexae in media parte valvae
dealing with much more taxa. Most of them are described as new ones (Le Cohu apicibusque lato rotundatis. Longitudo 11-16~m, latitudo 2-3,5~m. Area axilis
& Van de Vijver (sabm.), Van de Vijver el al. (sabm.). In some samples, valves Iinearis, comparate lata. Arca centralis ellipica. Raphe filifonnis, recta
of D. contenta were found without the T-shaped raphe endings, being the only terminationibus centralibus terminalibusque indistinctis. Striae transapicales
feature tbat differs between tbe two populations. Since tbis feature is very hard to radiatae in media valvae, parallelae ad convergentes ad polos, 40 in 10j..tm.
resolve in LM, we decided not to put these valves into a new taxon, but include Description: Valves linear-lanceolate, clearly convex in the middle with broadly
them within D. contenta. rounded ends (L 11-16~m, W 2-3,5~m, ± 40 striae in lO~m). Axial area linear,
relatively broad. Central area elliptical. Raphe filiform, straight with indistinct
D!adesm!s coste! Le Cobu & Van de Vijver P1.59!lO-21 central and terminal endings. Transapical striae radiate in the middle, parallel to
in Le Cobu & Van de Vijver Annls. Limnol. (il! press) even convergent towards the pales.
Morph.: Valves !inear, convex in the middle \Vith subcapitate, rounded ends CL Rolotype: CAS-220094 (Califomian Aeademy of Science)
15-25~m, W 4-5~m, 34-40 striae in lO~m). Transapical striae sligbtly radiate, Isotype: PLP-045 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4087 (National Botanical
paraUeI near the largest width and finally convergent near the poles. Hyaline area Garden, Meise).
bordering the striae rnuch larger than the striae. Axial area very narro\V, Iinear, Type loc.llty: Crique de Noël, TIc de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample
widened in the median part and clearly divergent near the pales. Central area BA160 (coli. date 28/0112002).
elliptical, bordered by 6-7 short striae. Raphe straight, filiform with indistinct Etymology: The specifie epithet refcrs to Alfred Faure, tbe leader of the first tcam
pores. that overwintered on Ile de la Possession. The base on the island was named after
Ecol.: Partly unknown due to confusion with D. arcuata. Common in almost him: Base Alfred Faure.
circumneutral, relatively dry (40-50%) soil samples witb low specific conductance ~col.: Found once in a smaH fissure in cliffs bordering the coastline. Occurring in
but elevated salinity (i.e. cbloride) values. very low numbers.
 36 37

Distr.: Ooly found 50 far on Ile de la Possession. Distr.: Described from Ile de la Possession, so far not found on other Subantarctic
lslands.
Diadesmis ÎlIgeae Van de Vijver P1.62/13-24
in Van de Vijver, Ledeganck & Beyens Crypt. Algol. (in press) Diadesmis sllballtarctica Le Cobu & Van de Vijver P1.60/l-S
Morph.: Valves !incar with undulating, sometimes concave (smaller specimens) in Le Cohu & Van de Vijver Annls. Limnol. (il! press)
margins and broadly rounded apices (L 8-18Jlm, W 2-4Jlm, 31-35 striae in 10Jlm). Morph.: Valves linear-elliptical, slightly. swollen in the middle with broadly
Axial acca broad, tincaL Central area elliptical. Raphe filiform witb slightly rounded ends (L 7-17Jlm, W 2,5-4Jlm, 34-38 striae in 10Jlm). Axial area narrow,
depressed central pores. Terminal pores simple, ending next to or just after the last central area wider than long, bordered by 4-5 striae. Transapicai striae slightly
transapical striae. T-shaped endings lacking. Foramina of the transapical striae radiate, convergent near the poles, only visible with oblique light. Raphe straight
only slightly elongated, in the middle small and rounded. Striae parallel, \Vith slightly expanded central and tenninal pores.
sometimes convergent towards the poles. Dot intcmIpted in the middle, convexly Ecol.: Uncommon in soil samples, preferring acid, semi-wet soils with higher
. curved around the central raphe endings. chloride concentrations.
Eco!.: Very comman on Ile de la Possession in soils and drier moss vegetation. It Dislr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Van de Vijver (in press)).
is probably one of the mast common terrestrial diatoms on the island. It has a Remarks: More morphological details are given in Le Cohu & Van de Vijver (ill
preference for relatively dry, acid soils (moisture content <40%) witb variable press).
nutrient and salinity conditions.
Distr.: So far only found on Ile de la Possession Diadesmis vidalii Van de Vijver & Ledeganck P1.62/1-6
ill Van de Vijver, Ledeganck & Beyens Crypt. Algol. (il! press).
Diadesmis lal/gebertalotii Le Cohu & Van de Vijver P1.6û!l5-19 Morph.: Valves always linear with hroadly rounded, never protracted ends (L 8-
in Le Cohu & Van de Vijver Annls. Limnol. (ill press) 20Jlm, W 2-3,5Jlm, 30-35 striae in 10Jlm). Larger valves have clear concave
Morph.: Valves Iinear with undulated margins, concave in the median part. Poles margins. Axial area linear, broad, slightly narrowirlg towards the poles. Raphe
subcapitate and rounded, smaller than the undulations (L 8-13Jlm, W 2-3Jlm, 36- straight, filiform with clearly depressed terminal and central pores. T-shaped
40(?) striae in lOJ.lm). Axial area narrow, linear. Central area rounded, reaching endings lacking. Foramina of the areolae very short, almast rounded, iocatcd
almost the valve margins. Transapicai striae radiate in the middle, parallel near close to the valve margins. Separate central aren lacking. Areolae on the mande
the poles, only visihle with oblique light. Raphe terminations T-shaped wilh the equidistant as on the valve face, towards the poles closer together.
distal endings behind the last striae. Eco!.: Fairly common in soil samples. The highest abundance (60%) was reached
Ecol.: regularly found in low abundances in slightly acid, relatively wet sail in soil sample BA096, a small, shallow cave in the Vallée des Branloires (bare
samples with higher chloride and nitrogen concentrations. Usually influenced by soil). Seems ta prefer slightiy acid, relatively wet soils (50-70%).
animal input (albatrosses, penguins). Distr.: So far only found on Ile de la Possession.
Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Van de Vijver (ill press)).
Remarks: More morpbologicai details are given in Le Cobu & Van de Vijver (in
press). Diatolllella Greville 1855

Diadesmis latestriata Van de Vijver, Ledeganck & Beyens p1.60n-12 Diatomella balfourial/a Greville P1.73/1-15
in Van de Vijver, Ledeganck & Beyens Crypt. Algol. (ill press) in KIammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.436 pl.205 figs.4-8
Morph.: Valves linear with weakly undulating margins and protracted ends (L Syn.: Diatomella hustedtii Manguin
11-22flm, W 2-3,5fllTI, 24-30 striae in lO~m). Axial area nan'ow, linear and Morph.: Valves elliptical to linear with parallel or slightiy convex margins and
clearly raised. Ceutral area elliptical, transapically elongated. Raphe filifonn ohtusely rounded ends (L10-34Jlm, W5-7~m, 19-21 striae in 10Jlm). Axial area
with weakly expanded central and terminal pores. Transapical striae parallel to elliptical-Ianceolate, sometimes quite wide (figI4). Raphe filiform with expanded
slightly radiate, located in two depressed areas between raised valve margins and central endings, slightly bent to one sicle. Tenninal fissures first curving in the
raised axial area, consisting of elongated foramina. same direction, then retuming to the valve midline and continuing to the valve
Ecol.: Rarely found in soil samples. The highest abundance was reached in soil ends. In girdle view tbis taxon appears rectangular with a typical flat septum in
sample BA096 (17%), taken from a smaU shallow cave (hare soil). the middle. Septum with three large rounded or rcctangular perforations.
 38 39

Ecot.: Dialomel/a is frequently present in samples [rom lie de la Possession and Ellcyollema Kützing 1833
seems to he quite common on the island. Most of the observations were done in
dry mosses and soil samples with a slightly acid pH (6,1). Records From Ellcyollema siiesiaCllm (Bleisch in Rabenhorst) Mann P1.761l-7,13-14
waterbodies are searcer and cefer to smaH drying pools with higher electrolyte in Krammer (1997) p.72 piA figs.I-18
contents. Syn.: Cymbella silesiaca Bleisch
Distr.: Reported as ba/fouriana: Crozet (Pierre 1977), Kerguelen (Gemlain 1937) Morph.: Valves strorigly dorsiventral, hatf-lanceolate with rounded ends (L 22-
Macquarie Island (Bunt 1954, McBride et al. 1999), South Shetland Island 37~m, W 6-9~m, 12-14 striae in lO~m, 25-27 puncta in lO~m, LLW ratio 3-3,7).
(Schmidt et al. 1990, Bjôrck et al. 1991), Campbell Island (Hickmann & Vit! The dorsal side is quite convex while the ventral side is straight or slightly
1973). Reported as hustedtii: Crozet (Pierre 1977), Kerguelen (Bourrelly & concave. Axial area narrow, in larger valves slightly lanceolate. Central area
Manguin 1954, Larson 1978, Le Cohu 1983, Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Iacking. Striae parallel and more spaced in the middle, radiate towards the poles.
Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001), Horseshoe Island (Wasell & Hakansson 1992), South Individual puncta clearly visible in LM. Raphe filiform, straight or curved
Shetland Islands (Schmidt et al. 1990). ventral1y witb central endings marked, bending towards the dorsal side. Temlinal
Remarks: Manguin (in Bourrelly & Manguin 1954) discussed the differences fissures sharply hooking ventrally, not always visible in LM (Le. smal1er
between balfouriana and the newly created taxon hlisledlii. However, when specimen).
examining a large population of both balfouriana and hustedlii following the Ecot.: Quite uncommon on Ile de la Possession. Mostly found in relatively dry
reported features, no clear differences can he round, resulting more or less in a masses, in the immediate vicinity of nmning water or waterfalls. This may lead to
morphologieal continuum between hoth taxa. Therefore, wc suggest to use the assurnption that water spray might be an important factor for the
hustedtii as a younger synonym of balfour/ana. This point of view has already presence/absence of this taxon. Records from waterbodies are rare. When present,
been argued by Moser et al. (1995). E. silesiacum seems to prefer slightly nmning water such as small ditches and
brooklets.
Distr.: Kerguelen (Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001), South Georgia (Van de
Diploneis Ehrenberg 1844 Vijver & Beyens 1996). 11 is possible that, due to carlier confusion with Cymbella
minuta Hilse, several records of C. minuta also include data on the distribution of
Viplol/eis sl/bovalis Cleve PI.74/1-8 E. silesiacum.
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.289 pl.I 09 figs.8-9 Remarks: KTammer (1997) splits E. silesiacum in several varieties based on UW
Morph.: Valves elliptical to Iinear-elliptical \Vith broadly rounded ends (L 30- ratio, number of striae and number of punctalstria. ln our samples, we
55~m, W 14-18~m, 10-13 striae in lO~m). Central area large. Raphe weakly encountered several of these varieties (var. silesiaca, disligmata, lata) but their
lateral. Apical furrows linear, H-shaped with a large central nodule. Terminal characteristics always overlapped with each other. Therefore, it did not seem
fissures detlected. Central raphe endings expanded, clearly visible. Longitudinal useful to us to separate ail these different varieties.
canal bordered by a row of large areolae, isolated from the transapical striae.
Striae in the middle slightly radiate to very radiate near the poles. Areolae in the EIIcyollema vu/gare Krammcr PI.7618-12
striae always placed io quincunx. in Krammer (1997) p.87 pl.36 figs.4-10
Ecal.: Fairly common 00 lie de la Possession in moss, relatively dry soil and Morph.: Valves strongly dorsiventral, balf-Ianceolate with sharply rounded ends
water samples, never reaching an abundance of more than 5%. Prefers a slightly (L 37-40~m, W 8-9,5~m, Il striae in lO~m, 24-27 punctalstriae in lO~m, UW
acid habitat with higher specifie conductance values. Mean F-value 3,8±1,9. ratio 4-4,6). The dorsal side is quite convex while the ventral side is straigth with
Distr.: Kerguelen (Germain 1937, Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le a belly-shaped outline. Axial area narrOW but slightly lancoolate in the middle.
Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001), South Georgia No clear central area present. Striac slightly radiate, a Iittle bit more spaced in the
(Fukushima 1965, Van de Vijver 1996, 1997a), Crozet (Pierre 1977). middle. Puncta appear in LM elongated. Ventral striae grouped near tbe poles.
Raphe filiform with proximal dorsally bent endings. Terminal fissures clearly
marked, hooked ventrally.
Ecol.: Similar ta E. silesiacum. Only a few valves (6) were found, belonging to
E. vu/gare.
 40 41

Distr.: No records found but this taxon has recently becn established by Remarks: ln the Andes; Rumrich el al. (2000) also discovered a population of E.
Krammer. It is possible that individuals of E. vu/gare bave becn included in ather aretasii that looks however sornewhat different from the Crozet population. We
(fomler) Cyrnbel/a taxa. believe that the valves found on Ue de la Possession (and on Kerguelen) do
Remarks: ft appeared not always easy to separate E. vu/gare from E. silesiacum, represent the true E. aretasii as it was fonnerly described by Manguin.
especially sinee bath taxa appear in the same sampies. The latter however is
al ways smaller with a lower UW ratio.
ElIllotia Ebrenberg 1873

Eolil/llla Lange-Bertalot & Schiller 1997 EUI/otia/allax Cleve-Euler P1.t7/17-t9

in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991 a) p.206 pl.l50 figs.16-24
Eo/illllla lIIillima (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot P1.39129-33,40/3 Morph.: Valves with weakly concave ventral side and convex dorsal side. Ends
in Kummer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.229 pl.76 figs.39-47 clearly capitate (L 18-261lm, W 2,5-3,51lm, 13-17 striae in IOllm). Distal nodules
Syn.: Navicula minima Grunow, Navicu/a minulissima Grunow, Navicula tantu/a visible in LM as small points. Distal raphe endings not resolvable in LM.
Hustedt Ecol.: Rare on Ile de la Possession. Due ta possible confusion with E. paludosa,
Morph.: Valves linear-elliptical to elliptical (smaller forms) with broadly the ecology is not clearly known. With 100% certainty found in relatively dry (±
rounded, non protracted ends (L 8-llllm, W 2,5-3,5Ilm, 26-28 striae in !Ollm). 48%), acid soil sample with higher chloride values.
Axial area narrow, lînear. Central area large, fanning a fascia sometimes Distr.: South Orkney Islands (Oppenheim 1990).
bordered by severa) shortened striae. Raphe filifonn with small central pores and
hooked tenninal fissures. EllIIo/ia mllsdcola Kmsske var. mllscico/a P1.18/1-24
Ecol.: Common in larger acid circumneutral Jakcs with low specifie conductance in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (I991a) p.216 pl.l56 figs.I-7
values «IOOj.lS/cm). Less common in rnoss and soil sampIes. Mean F-value Syn.: ElIllolia polydelllllia Brun (?) ,
3,4±I,5. Morph.: Valves with weakly concave ventral side and convex dorsal side with 2-
Distr.: Kerguelen (Reinsch 1879, Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le 5 (8) evenly spaced undulations (L 10-321lm, W 2,5-3,511111, 17-21 striae in
Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver el 01.2001), South Georgia (Van de Vijver 1011111). Sometimes, tbe ventral side appears also slightly undulated, especially in
& Beyens 1996, 1997a), Macquarie Island (McBride el al. 1999), South Orkney larger valves. Apices clearly capitate and broadly rounded. Distal nodules clnse
Islands (Jnnes el al. 1993, Jones & luggings 1995). to the apices. Terminal raphe endings slightly curved, cnding before the pnle.
Eco!.: Quite common in wet moss samples (mean F-value 3,5 ± 1,6). Fairly
common in sails showing a broad range in pH, moisture and nutrient conditions.
Ellcoccolleis Cleve 1895 Quite common in small acid pools with low specifie conductance values. Valves
with more than 7 undulations did not present a different ecology.
Eucoccol/eis arelasil (Manguin) Lange-Bertalot P1.27/1-IO, 2811 Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard
in BOUiTelly & Manguin (1954) p.19 fig. 16 1986, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens
Syn.: Aclillanthes are/asii Manguin 1996, 1997a), Crozet (pierre 1977).
Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianceolate with slightle prostrate ends (L 12-23 Ilm, W Remarks: ln several samples, valves with more than 7 dorsal undulations have
4-6 Ilm, 24-28 striae in 10Ilm). RV: Axial area straight, linear. Rapbe filiform been found. Sincc this larger number is the only difference that might separate
with curved, opposed polar eudings. Central area hemicircular, broadly widened these populations from the 'typical' E. muscicola var. muscicola, we decided not
towards the valve margin. ARV: similar axial and central area shape as in RV. ta create a separate variety. Further research should clarify whether this is
10 SEM, a very shalJow slit is visible, running from the poles towards the central correct.
area.
Ecol.: Common in soils and cirier masses. EUlfotia pallldosa Grunow var. paludosa Pl.1712-16
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu & Maillard 1983), South in Krammer & Lange-BertalOl (199Ia) p.203 pl.l55 figs.I-20
Shetland Islands (Schmidt el al. (990). Morph.: Valves with concave to aImost straight ventral side and moderately ta
strongly convex dorsal sicle. Apices narrowly rounded, slightly rostrately bent (L
 42 43

IS-46~m, W 2-3,5~m, 19-21 striae in lO~m). Ventral area not visible in LM. Morph.: Valves linear, linear-Ianceolate to broadly lanceolale with (sub-)capitate
Terminal nodules close to the apices. Raphe short, terminating next to the apices. ends, somelimes with a central swelling (L 12-93, W 2,4-5,7~m, 16-21 striae in
Ecot.: Very comman in smail acid pools with low specifie conductance values. ln 1O~). Sternum very narrow, linear to lanceolate. Striae parallel with both sides
masses, comman in drier (mean F-value 4,8 ± 1,9) rnoss vegetations. Also allemating, in the centre interrupled on one or both sides by the expanded
comman in wet, acid soils, rnostly round in the larger valleys of the îsland (e.g. sternum. Areolae simple. Marginal spiues may be present.
Vallée des Branloires). Based on differences in central area, I~mgth, width and UW ratio, several
Distr.: South Orkney Islands (Oppenbeim 1990), Soutb Georgia (Van de Vijver & ll1orphotypes can be distinguished in the Crozet population (see Fig. 1). They will
Beyens 1996, 1997a), Kerguelen (Van de Vijver et al. 1995a, 2001). be discusscd separately.

Elmaria spec.J P1.l615-15, 17/1 Morphotype 1

Morph.: Valves with clear concave ventral and convex dorsal sÎde (L 17-'40J.lm, cf. (?) F. cap. var. vallcileriae (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot 1'1.7/1-13
W 3-5~m, 12-14 striae in lO~m). Apices sligbtly protraeted, bro.dly rounded. in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (199Ia) p.124 pUOS figs.10-15
Transapical striae evenly spaced througbout the eIftire valve. Raphe branches Syn.: Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kützing) Petersen
fairly long, reaching almost 1/3 of tbe valve length, ending close to the poles. Morph.: Valves mostly broad-lanceolale with capitate ends. Relatively
Distal nodules clearly visible in LM, appearing as a long slit. small bUI quite wide morphotype (L 12-43~m (l11ean24,2~m),W 3,3-5,7~m
Ecol.: Fairly comman in small, acid pools with low specifie conductance values (mean 4,9~m), mean UW ratio 4,9). Ali observed valves sbowed a typical
and low nutrient values. Also found in wet mosses (F-value Il-III) and in dry « asymmetrical swelling, illterrupting on one sicle the normal striation pattern
32%), .eid soi!s. and extending out of the normal valve outline. No such asyrrunctrical
Distr.: So far ooly found on Ue de la Possession. swelling was found in the otber morphotypes.
Remarks: The identity of this taxon is very unclear. It is possible that wc are Ecol.: Common in small pools wilh pH-optimum 6,9.
dealing here with a variety of E. fallax although the valves are morc curved than Distr.: Widespread in the entire (Sub-)Antarctic Région.
the typical fallax-valves. Remarks: Le Cobu (1999), based on earlier work of Bourrelly & Manguin
•.•"r----------, "..
.. - .....
Momh.1
•
Fallada Stickle & Mann 1990 5.5 •
35.'
5.' HM

-- •
... .' • 30.'
Fallacia lellzii (Hustedt) Mann
in Hustedt (1961-1966) p.12S fig. 1260
P1.43/27-31
<.'
• •
• • •• •
M
• .
Moroh, ?
"" •
•
•
25,0
LIB
SYll.: Navicula lenzii Hustedt <.'
.....
M_

.'. •
H

Morph.: Valves Iinear with parallel margins and broadly rounded ends (L 12- ";
14J.1rn, W 3-4Jlrn, ±35 striae in IOllm). Axial area very narrow, Iinear. Central d
3.5

• , ...... ·•
.....
ü'
..M

.• ..•· ..•
•
<•
area absent. Rapbe filifonn with enlarged central pores. Tenninal fissures
deflected. Trans.pical striae parallel, very bard to resolve in LM.
t
h
3,0
•• .. . .........
........ .Mt .u.u. . . .
....
• • -'-'" ..
--~
........
.. -..."" •
15,0

" tC-=-·
•-.= Momh.1
Ecol.: Only found in one soil sample (BA061), taken from a small, non-vegetated
- · 10.0

cave in the Pointe Basse Region. The sample was dominated by taxa preferring 2.'

.. - • 1 .:;(_
~ .. • • H

more brackish conditions. Unfortunately) no measurements have becn made.

Distr.: So far only found on Ile de la Possession.
'.5
... ~
5.'

'.'"I---_------~---:----::-----=:---!"'
" 30
Length
7'
•.• . 50 60

Fragilaria Lyngbye 1819 Figure 1 : Quantitative features ot the Fragilaria capucina population on
Crozet. Based on lite characteristics, several morphotypes can be
Fragilaria capllci"a s.l. Desrnazières P1.7I1-31 distinguished, (squares: UW ratio, diamonds: width individual frustule,
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991a) p.121-126 pUOS-IIO triangles: number of striae in 1O~m),
 44 45

(1954) and Le CollU & Maillard (1986), has disenssed Fragilaria Most of the valves possess a typical central sternum expansion ta (rarely)
vaucheriae and its separation fram F. capucina. He justified this separation one or (mostly) both sides.
by dÎscussing the number of striae. However. as bas been shawn in Fig. 1, ,Ecol.: Common, but loeally, in ail kinds of freshwater habitats (both
no difference in nurnber of striae could be found between the recorded standing & running). pH-optimum 6,8.
vaucheriae-sippen and other mernbers belonging to the capucina-complex. Distr.: Uncertain due to the confusion within Synedra rumpens var.
Moreover, when re-examining the figures shawn in Le Colm (1999), the familiaris that probably is only a synonym ofmorphotype 3.
nymber of 14 striae in 1O~rn is never observed. Therefore wc still consider Remarks: Based purely on valve Olitline and structure of the central
this morpbotype to be kept within the capucina-complex, but it is clear that striation interruption, this morphotype shows high similarities witb
wc arc dealing with a separate morphotype that shows high affmities witb Fragi/aria vaucheriae var. tenuis Manguin and var. /ongissima Manguin
the original vaucheriae (except for the nurnber of striae). that might be considered as synonyms of morphotype 3.

Morphotype 2 Fragilaria germainU Reicbardt & Lange-Bertalot PI.8/l-10

cf. F. cap. var. rumpells (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot PI.7/l9-31 in Reiehardt & Lange-Bertalot (1990) p.204 figs.I-13
cf. F. cap. Desmazières var. capllâlla Syn.: Diatoma germainii (Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot) Le Colm
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991 a) p.121-122 pJ.1 08 figs.I-8, 16-21 Morph.: Valves linear to linear-elliptical with more or less capitate ends (L 33-
Syn.: Synedra rumpens Kützing, Synedra rumpens var. [ami/iaris (Agardh) 75~m, W 3,6-5,3~m, 19-22 striae in 10~m). Striation pattern parallel in the
Williams & Round part. middle, slightly radiate near the valve ends with thickened transapical ribs
Morph.: Valves linear-Ianeeolate with (sub-)eapitate ends. Morphotype irregularly placed between the striae. Axial area narrow or almost absent. Width
intermediate between 1 & 3 (L 25-53~m (mean 45), W 3,3-4,6~m (mean 3,9), of valve end always larger tban widtb near tbe valve middle. One or two rows of
mean L/W ratio 12). Central area characterized by a (rarely asymmetrical) marginal spines can be observed. One rimoportula and two apical porefields
swelling. present. Girdle structure witb variable number of opén bands.
Ecol.: Quite common mostly in standing waterbodies where it can dominate Ecol.: Common on the entire island, mostly in rivers and smali ponds with pH-
the entire diatom flora. pH-optimum in freshwater habitats 7,2. In moss optimum 7,1. Overall present in mosses (optimal F-value between III and N).
habitats, preference for wet masses (optimal F-value III). Less abundant in Less abundant in sail samples.
sods. Distr.: Crozet (Pierre 1977 : reported as Diatoma vu/gare var. ehrenbergii), South
Distr.: South Orkney Islands (Jones 1993, Jones & Juggings 1995, Jones et Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a), Kerguelen (Reiehardt & Lange-
al. 1993, Oppenheim 1990, Oppenheim & Greenwood 1990), Crozet (Pierre Bertalot 1990, Le Cohu 1999, Vall de Vijver et al. 1998a).
1977), Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, Remarks: Williams (1990) described, based on Fragi/aria incognita, a new
2001), South Shetland Islands (Kaweeka et al. 1998), Maequarie Island genus, Distrionella. Both F. germainii and F. husvikensis show sorne features of
(Evans 1970, MeBride et al. 1999). this genus. In Van de Vijver et al. (2000), the rationale why they are Ilot plaeed
Remarks: Highly variable morphotype (even if only the central area is within this genus is explained. Detailed analysis of the girdle structure is given in
investigated) that might be split into several different morphotypes, but at this Le Cohu (1999).
stage of the study, no clear difference was found between the different valves.
Fragilaria germainU f. acostata Lange-Bertalot PI.8/11-1S
Morphotype 3 in Rumrieh et al. (2000) p.127 pl.5 figs.15-20, pl.6 figsA-6
cf. F. cap. var. gracilis (Oestrup) Hustedt P1.7/14-18 Syn.: (?) Fragi/aria bicapitata var. grandis Pierre nom. inval.
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991a) p.123 pUIO figs.8-13 MOI·ph.: Valves linear with paraliel margins and (always) e1early eapitate ends
Syn.: Synedra rumpens var. [ami/iaris (Kützing) Grunow, Synedra fame/Ica (L 78-95~m, W 3-4,5~m, 22 striae in lO~m). Striae parallel, slightly radiate near
Kützing, (?) Fragilaria vaucheriae var. longissima Manguin, (?) Fragilaria the ends. Thickened transapical ribs absent.
vaucheriae. var. tenuis Manguin Ecol.: Rarely found in smalt pools and running waterbodies. pH-optimum 7,4.
Morph.: Valves linear witb capitate ends. These are the longest and mast Distr.: Recently described from the Andes, so the presence in the (Sub-)Antarctic
narrow capucina-valves that are recorded in the Crozet population (L 47,3- Region is still unknown.
93~m (mean 65,I~m), W 2,0-3,6~m (mean 2,6~m), mean L!W ratio 26,4).
 46 47

Remarks: PielTe (1977) round similar valves on Ile de la Possession, but lanceolate. Striae consist of one row of 4-6 round areolae, continuing without any
described them invalidly as Fragilaria bicapitata var. grandis Pierre. interruption over the mantle. Small linking spines are regularly placed on the
margins between the striae. Sometimes spines are completely lacking. No apical
Fragilaria Itllsvikellsis Van de Yijver, Denys & Seyeos PI.8/16-17 porefields present. The most striking fcature of this taxon (and the entire genus
in Van de Vijver el al. (2000) p.537-550 (Lange-Bertalot 1997» is tbe presence of apically running short raphe-like
Morph.: Isopolar valves Iinear-Ianceolate with slightly convex margins and vestiges. Valves without spines present longer raphe branches (1/5 to 1/6 of the
capitate to subcapitate ends (width always smaller thau general valve widtb) (L valve lengtli). .
15-25~m, W 5-6,5~m, 26-30 striae in lO~m). Axial arca lacking. Striae, aligned Ecol.: Quite abundant in rivers and SOla}) pools on the cntire island. pH-optimum
\Vith cach other or alternating, perpendicular to the transapical axis, slightly 6,8. Overall present in masses (optimal F-value between IV and V) and wet ta
radiate ncar the poles. Primary and secondary transapicai ribs present between the semi-dry soils.
striae and clearly visible (in contrast with the striae). Goly one row of marginal Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001)
spines detectable. One rimoportula and two apical porefields present. Girdle Remarks: ln LM, this taxon can be distinguished from Staurosira construens and
structure different from F. germainii, consisting of only 2 open bands. S. venter by differences in UW ratio.
Eco!.: Rarely found on Crozet. pH-optimum 6,7.
Distr.: Soudt Georgia (Van de Vijver el al. 2000), Kerguelen (Van de Vijver
personal observation). Frustlllia Rabenhorst 1853
Remarks: see remark under F. gennainii Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot about the
classification of bath taxa. More infonnation on the distinction bctween F. Frllstlilia cirisiae Van de Vijver PI.64/1-10
germainii and F. husvikensis is given in Van de Vijver et al. (2000). In Van de Vijver Diat. Res. (in press)
Morph.: Valves linear-Ianceolate to tinear with cuneately rounded apices, 17-30
Fragilaria pu/c1lella (Ralfs) Lange-Bertalot P1.9/1-7 J.1rn long and 4-6 ~m broad. Axial area narrow, central area a large rectangular
in Külzing (1844) p.68 pl.29 fig.87 stauros, reaching the valve margins. Transapical striae uniseriate, around the
Syn.: Synedra pulchella (Ralfs) Kützing, SynedraJami/iar;s KOtzing, stauros slightly radiate, more distally paral1el, finally convergent, not to resolve
Morph.: Valves Iinear, lanceolate to small linear-Ianceolate with variable ends: (LM) 46-50 in 1O~m. Raphe straight, externally without clearly marked terminal
from quite sharp to broadly rounded or even capitate (L 40-125~m, W 6-7,5~m, and central fissures outside. Internally, helictoglossa "porte-crayon"-like.
14-16 striae in 10~m). Axial area very narrow or even almost absent. Central area Ecol.: Frustulia cirisiae has been found in both sail and semi-wet terrcstrial moss
very large, avoid ta rectangular, reaching the (sometimes thickened) valve samples. The highcst abundances (8%) were reached in sampies from a slightly
margins. Striae consist of large arenlae (in lO~m). Apical pnrefield and acid, dry soil in the vicinity of Baie Americaine. F. cirisiae seems ta prefer fairly
rimoportula present, no marginal spines. dry (24 ± 12 %) and slightly acid (pH 6-7) conditions.
Ecol.: Locally abundant in larger lakes, pH-optimum 8,1. Very rare in masses. Distr.: Described from Ile de la Possession. Distribution so far unknown.
Absent in sail sampies. Remarks: The presence of a large stauros resulted in the creation of a new
Distr.: South Shetland Islands (Opalinski 1972, Temniskovoa-Topalova et subgenus for this taxon: Staurofrustulia Van de vijver, Ledeganck & Beyens.
aI.l996), Campbell Island (Hickmann & Vil! 1973), Kerguelen (BoureUy &
Manguin 1954, Le Colm & Maillard 1986). Frllstillia pulcltra Gennain P1.67/1-6
in Germain (1937) p.12 pU fig. 1
Morph.: Valves Iinear-elliptical with broadly rounded, clearly rostrate ends
Frallkophila Lange-Bertalot 1997 (L69-116~m, W 14-21~m, 27-28 striae in lO~m). Transapical striae parallel,
slightly radiating towards the center. Raphe straight with slightly thickened
Frallkopltila maillardii (Le Cohu) Lange-Bertalot Pl.IO/l-22,15/9 extemal endings (both polar and cenlral). The raphe is bordered by Iwo thickened
in Lange-Bertalot & Le Cohu (1985) p.213, figs.I-3, 18-24 internai ribs, fused together to form the helictoglossa at the poles. Centrally, both
Syn.: Fragilaria mai/lardii Le Cohu raphe endings are also fused to each other, forrning intemally a short central
Morph.: Valves elliptical to linear with bluntly rounded ends (L 5-16~m, W 2- nodule with parallel margins.
3,5~m, 22-40 striae in lO~m). Frustules often in long chains. Axial area
 48 49

Ecol.: Very rare on Ile de la Possession wbere it was found in very low numbers we consider F. plllchra var. lanceolata to be a SynODym of F. amphipleuroides
(max. 2%). This taxon seems to prefer circumneutral (pH 6,5-7,5) waterbodies and the valves we found on LIe de la Possession clearly belong ta a new taxon, as
with low specifie conductance values (60-260liS/cm). Ir was also found in a wet has already been pointed out by Lange-Bertalot in his work on Navicula and
moss vegetation (max. 1%). Frustulia (2001).
Dislr.: Kerguelen (Germain 1937, Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le
Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver et al. 1998a). Frllstlllia vulgaris (Tb·waites) De Toni PI.68/1-7
Remarks: ln the original description, Germain gives smaller dimensions for this in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.260 pl.97 figs.I-6
taxon, but after examining a whole series of valves, the dimensions should be Morph.: Valves linear-lanceolatc, with almast parallel margms and broadly
adjusted as described above. rounded, protracted ends (L 46-50lim, W 8-9lim, 25-30 striae in 1Olim). Axial
area narrow. Raphe curved, bordered by two internai axial ribs. Central area
Frustulia suballtarclica Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. PI.65/1-9,6611-5 eUiprieal. Central rapbe pores thickened, deflected towards eacb other. Polar
Diagnosis: Valvae lineares-Ianceolatae ad rhombico-Ianceolatas apicibusque late endings tenninating in a smal1 pore. Transapical striae uniseriate, closely spaced.
rotundatis, subrostratis, 50-100lim longae, 11-13lim latae. Complex continens paraUel to slightly radiaring in tbe middle. In LM, striae are sometimes difficultto
raphe, area axialis centralisque (alias costa media abas raphostemum) euro costis distingnisb. Helietoglossa clearly visible in SEM.
axialibus it3 ut plerurnque in genere Frustulia (ad exemplum Frustulia saxonica). Ecol.: Rare on Ile de la Possession. Mainly found in a small river with a pH of
Costa apud nodulum centralem hic tamen co.nvexa, latitudine maxima 3-41101. 7,7 and a specifie conductance of 180liS/cm. Also recorded from two relatively
Striae transapicales parallelae sive subparallelae. Puocta striarum sita in seriebus wet soil samples.
leviter undulatis, 33 in lO).lm. Distr.: Crozet (Pierre 1977), Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson
Description: Valves linear-Ianceolate to rhombical-Ianceolate with broadly 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard 1986), Maequarie Island (McBride et al. 1999).
raunded, subrastrate ends (L 50-100lim, W 11-13~m, 27-30 striae in IOllm). The Remarks: The measured dimensions are somewhat smaller than the dimensions
structure of the raphosternum with the axial ribs closely resembles the typus given in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986). '
generis (Frustulia saxonica) with a convex central nodule, maximum width 3-
4~m. Transapical striae paralle! to subparallel. Puncta placed in slight!y
undulating raws (33 in lO~m). Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin 1996
Holotype: CAS-220061 (Califomian Academy of Science)
lsotype: PLP-012 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4054 (National Botanical Geissleria pailldosa Morphotype II (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalol
*"
?)·c-ltç;n
PI.49/18-23
Garden, Meise) in Lange-Bertalot (2001) p.126 pl.97 figs.16-24
Type locality: La Cbaloupe, Ile de la Possession, Crazet Archipelago, Sampie Syn.: Navicula ignota var. palustris (Hustedt) Lund, Navicula paludosa Hustedt
BM306 (coll. date 07/0111998). Morph.: Valves tinear with almost parallel margins and obtusely rounded api ces
Ecol.: F. suhantarctica was found in both moss and water samples \Vith a (L 18-20llm, W 4,5-6).lm). Axial area narrow, tinear with an expanded central
preference for submerged and floating mosses taken from running water (pH 7,7- area. Striae bordering the central area are lacking or very shortened (only 2-4
8, specifie conductance 45-70~S/em). Valves were also found in rbe sediment of areolae present). Transapical striae radiate. Annuloid structures neaT the poles
several small lakes but abundance Dever exceeded 2%. quite distinct. Raphe filifoITIl, straight with slightly expanded central pores and
Distr.: Sa far ooly recorded on Ile de la Possession. deflected terminal fissures.
Remarks: This new taxon resembles F. amphipleuroides and F. rhomboides but Eco!.: Fairly common in relarively dry (40-50%), slightly acid (pH 6,2-6,5) soil
differs from bath by several features. It lacks the concave central nodule and the samples. Almost absent in moss and water sampies.
isolated pores between the central eDdings, typical for F. amphipleuroides and has Dislr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de
a more lanceolate outline, contrary to F. rhomboides that is more rhambic. Vijver et al. 1998a), King George Island (Schmidt et al. 1990), Anlarctic
Manguin described in 1954 F. pulchra var. lanceolata. Based on three pictures, Peninsula (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997b), South Georgia (Van de Vijver &
shown in Bourrelly & Manguin (1954: fig88a-c) it is clear that the taxon Beyens 1997a)
deserihed by Manguin should be considered as F. amphip/euroides. They aIl
show the concave central thickening. The dimensions mentioned by Manguin in Geissleria silbantarctica Van de Vijver & Le Cohu PI.49/9-17, 50/4-6
the text perfectly coincide with the dimensions for F. amphipleuroides. Tberefore, in Van de Vijver & Le Cobu Nova Hedwigia (subm.)
 SO SI

Morph.: Valves elliptical to linear-elliptical with hroadly rounded, not or only Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver et al. 1998a,2001),
slightly protracted ends (L 18-23~m, W 6-7~m). Raphe filiform with weakly Macquarie Island (McBride el al. 1999), South Georgia (Vao de Vijver & Beyens
expanded central pores. Axial area narrow, !iDear. Central area transapically 1996, 1997a).
expanded due to 1 or 2 shortened striae. No stigrna present Dear the central
nodule. Transapical striae thIoughout moderately radiate, 16-18 in 10~m. ThIee Gomplrollema exilissimul1I (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt P1.81/1-9
to five punctually reduced striae present Dear the valve end. in Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (1996) p.70 pl.62 figs.23-27
Eeol.: Rare on De de la Possession. Found in one relatively dry (± 40%) bare so~ Syn.: Gomphonema parvulum var. exilissimum Grunow
sample, covered with sorne small stones, in the vicinity of Pointe Basse. ln one Morph.: Valves weakly clavate to lmear-Ianceolate with shortly protracted,
peat corc, G. subanlarctica and G. laafti (see below) are frequently observed, rowlded head poles and sharply narrowed foot poles (L 20-27~m, W 4-S,S~m, 14-
especially in the upper SOcm. 18 striae in lO~m). Axial area narrow, linear. Central area unilaterally elongated
Distr.: Kerguelen (Van de Vijver & Le Cohu (subm.)) due ta one shortened stria in the middle. Stigma present nex! ta the non-shortened
stria in the middle. Raphe straight, filiform with unmarked central pores,
Geissleria taafialla Van de Vijver & Le Cohu PI.49/1-S, SO/l-3 Transapical striae almost parallel to wealdy radiate, more radiate towards the head
in Van de Vijver & Le Cohu Nova Hedwigia (subm.) poles. Areolae not resolvable in LM,
Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianceolate witb broadly rounded apices. Longer Ecol.: Locally common on Ile de la Possession in wet masses and circumneutral
specimen more tinear (L 24-40).1m, W 5,S-7,5).lm). Axial area narrow, tinear, lakes and brooklets, No clear ecological preferences.
widening towards the middle. Central area transapically expanded by the Distr.: South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996). Other records are lacking,
shortening of thIee striae. Raphe filiform, straight with slightly eurved, clearly probably due ta confusion with G, parvu/um which is very widespread in the area,
expanded central pores. Tenninal fissures abruptly hooked. Transapical striae
strongly radiate, usually more or less sinuous, 16-17 in lO~m. No stigma present. Gomplrollema parvlllUlII (Kützing) Kützing var. parvululII PI.81/l0-23
Five ta seven punctually reduced striae present near the valve end. in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (199Ia) pl.76 figs.I-13'
Ecol.: Found in the same sample as G. subantarctica (see above). Morph.: Valves weakly clavate, sometimes even lanceolate-ellipticaL The largest
Distr.: Kerguelen (Van de Vijver & Le Cohu subm.) width is found ahove the middle. Tbe head poles are usually slightly protracted
Remarks: In Le Cohu & Maillard, this taxon has been identified as Novicula and flatly rounded while the foot poles are more or less sbarply narrowed (L 14,S-
ignata hut the picture (fig83) shown in Le Cohu & Maillard (1986) is clearly 21,S~m, W 4,S-6~m, 10-18 striae in lO~m). Axial area linear, narrow. Central
identical to G. taafiana. area unilaterally weakly elongated due to l or 2 shortened striae (sometimes striae
are not shortened!), Raphe lateral to sornetimes filiform with almost unmarked
terminal and central endings. Transapical striae moderately radiate to parallel.
Gomphonema Ehrenberg 1832 Lndividual areoIae sometil11es resolvable in LM but most of the times impossible
ta see. Stigrna, when present, close ta longest stria in the middle.
GampllOllema affilie Kützing var. affilie P1.79/8-1O Ecol.: Quite common on lie de la Possession, but never reaching high frequencies.
in Reichardt (1999) p.13 pl.7 figs.I-9 Sometimes confused with G. exilissimum. In sails, almost no observations were
Morph.: Valves c1avate with broadly rounded, not protracted, head poles and made. Seems to prefer lakes and pools with higher specifie conductance and
c1early narrowing foot poles (L 40-60~m, W 10- 11~m, 9-10 striae in lO~m). nutrient values (influenced by animal input).
Raphe lateral with simple central and cIear tenninal endings. Axial area fairly Distr.: Widespread in the entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region.
broad, tinear. Central area unilaterally elongated due ta one (sometimes 2)
sbortened striae. Stigma close ta the longer stria on the opposite side. Gomplrollema possess;ollellse Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. PL81/24-32
Transapical striae weakly radiate, more parallel to slightly convergent near the Diagnosis: Valvae lanceolatae-clavaeformes, leviter heteropolares. Latitudo
head pole. maxima in media verticibus leviter protractis rotundatisque sed polis basalibus
Ecol.: Due to confusion with G. stollei (see below), ail ohservations of G. affine cuneatis distincte angustius rotundatis. Longitudo 24-27J.lm, latitudo 5-5,5~m.
bave been re-examined, Only in sail sample A285 valves clearly belonging to G. Area axialis angusta, linearis, Area centralis unilateraliter elongata una singula
affine have been found. stria abbreviata, Striae transapicales in latere aitero magis dispositae, Stigma
densius ad striam rnediam longissimam posita, cum poris centralibus raphae,
 52 53

Striae fortiter radiatae in media, paene parallelae ad polos, 10-14 striae in lOllm. Distr.: Due to the rceeol description of this taxon, it does not appear yet i.n the
Areolae difficulter discernandae (microscopo photonico). Raphe paene recta, litterature of the (Sub-)Antarctîc diatoms.
filifonnis paris leviter expansis. Remaries: Although on Kerguelen G. affine Kiltzing bas becn found, wc believe
Description: Valves c1avate-lanceolate. weakly heteropoJar. Largest width in the that based on the number of striae and the general valve outline, the observed
middle with slightly protracted, rounded head pole and cuneately narrowed footb valves ail belong to G. sionei. Nearly all observations of G. affine made in Van
pole. (L 24-27Ilm, W 5-5,5Ilm, 10-14 striae in 10Ilm). Axial area narrow, linear. de Vijver & Beyens (1998b, 1999a, 1999b) are in fact records ofG. slonei.
Ceptral area transapically elongated to one side due to the sholtening of one stria.
Transapical striae on the etber side more spaced in the middle. Stigma close to GOlllphollema slIballtarcticlIlII Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. Pl.80/1-13
the longest stria in the middle, next to the central raphe pores. Strîae strongly Syn.: Gomphonema allgusLalum var. aequalis f. kerguelellse Maillard
radiale, more parallel towards the poles. lndividual areolae in LM not resolvable. Diagnosis: Valvae lineares ad lineares-ovales, paena naviculoideae, marginibus
Raphe almest straight, filifonn with weakly marked central pores. paene parallelis, clare beteropolares. Longitudo 31-39Ilm, latitudo 8-10Ilm.
Holotype: CAS-220069 (Califomian Academy of Science). Latitudo maxima super centrum. Vertices protracti lateque rotundati. Poli basales
Isotype: PLP-020 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4062 (National Botaoical clare protracti rotundatique sed angustiores quam in verticibus. Area axialis
Garden, Meise). angusta, linearis. Area centralis unilateraliter elongata quia una singula stria
Type locoUty: Bollard, lie de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample BW 184 (rarissime duae) media abbreviata. Stigma solîtaria apparens quia opposite dense
(coll. date 25/1211997). ad striam mediam appropinquata, scissura stigmae internae transapicaliter
Ecol.: Largest frequency round in sample BW184, taken from a circumneutral elongata. Raphe leviter lateralis. arcuata poris centralis leviter expansis. Striae
lake with low specifie conductance and Dutrient values. Sometimes confused with transapicales parallelae vel leviter radiatae in centro, moderate radiatae ad polos,
G. exilissimum. 10-14 in 101lm. Puncta striarum discemanda (microscopo optico), 30-36 in
Distr.: 80 far only found on Ile de la Possession. IOllm.
Remarks: Bears sorne resemblance to G. cymhelliclillum Reichardt & Lange- Description: Valves linear to )jnear-oval, nearly naviculoid, with almost paraUel
Bertalot but lacks the more 'cymbelloid' outline and the clearly deflected poles, margins, clearly beteropolar (L 31-39Ilm, W 8-10Ilm). Largest width above the
which have Dever becn observed within the population of Ile de la Possession. middle. Head poles protracted and broadly rounded. Foot poles clearly protracted
Might also be confused with G. exilissillllllll (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot & and rounded but narrower than head poles. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area
Reichardt but differs in striation pattern and number of striae in IOJ.tm. G. unilaterally elongated due to the shortening of 1 (rarely 2) striae. Stigma,
sarcophagus Gregory presents the same fonn of striation but has a different valve intemally slit-like, close ta the not shortened stria. Raphe weakly lateraI, areuate
outhoe. with slightly expanded central pores. Internally, the central endings are hooked.
Transapical striae parallel or weakly radiate in the middle ta moderately radiate
GomphollemQ stolle; Reichardt Pl. 7911-7 towards the poles, 10-14 striae in lOllm. Areolae resolvable in LM.
in Reichardt (1999) p.16 pU figs.l-l7 Holotype: CAS-220070 (Califomian Academy of Science).
Morph.: Valves clavate witb broadly roul1ded, not protracted, bead peles and Isotype: PLP-021 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4063 (National Botanical
clearly narrowing foot poles (L 27-54Ilm, W 8-10Ilm, 11-15 striae in IOllm, ± 30 Garden, Meise).
areolae in 10Ilm). Rapbe strongly lateral with simple (sometimes weakly Type locaUty: Pointe Basse (Grande Coulée), Ile de la Possession, Crozet
rounded) central and cIear terminal curlings. Axial area fairly narrow, lincar. Archipelago, Sample BM287 (coll. date 4/1/1998).
Central area unilaterally elongated due to one (sometÎmes 2) sbortened striae. Ecol.: Fairly uncommon on Ile de la Possession. M.ostly found in wet, oon-
Stigma close 1'0 the longer stria on the opposite sicle. Transapical striae weakly submerged mosses. Less common Ln open \Vater samples and soils.
radiate, more parallel to sligbtly convergent near tbe head pole. Around tbe Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a,2001).
terminal arca of the head pole, severa1 shortened stri3e can be observed. Remarks: Le Colm & Maillard (1986) bave described Gomphonema angllslollllll
Ecol.: G. slOnei is commonly reported on Tle de la Possession in soil, moss and var. aeqllalis f. kerguelensis Maillard. Based on a detailed SEM-analysis, this
water samples but never in higb frequencies. Tbe higbest abundance (i.e. 6%) bas taxon clearly differs from G. angusLaluln var. aequale and shows more affinities
becn reacbed in relatively dry, acid soils with moderate specifie conductance \Vith the group around G. affine and G. insigne. Therefore we raise this taxon to
values and nutrient concentrations. species level and describe it independently with a new type.
 54 55

HalttZSc/lia Grunow 1877 Hippodollta Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin & Witkowski 1996

Hal/tzschia amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Grunow PI.I23!1 1-16 Hippodollta Jumgarica (Grunow) Lange-Hertalot, Metze1tin & Witkowski
in Lange-Bertalot (1993) p.77 p1.85-88 PI.42129-31
Morph.: Valves typically 'hantzschia'-shaped witb elearly bent head poles (L 21- in Lange-Bertalot (2001) p.IOO pl.75 figs.7-12
50flm, W 4,5-7flm, 24-29 striae in 10flm, 7-11 fihulae in 10flm). Fibulae in the Syn.: Navlcu/a Inmgarica Grunow, Navic,!la capitala var. hungarica (Grunow)
middle clearly more spaced, Transapical striae sligbtly radiate in the middlc, Ross
more parallel towards the poles. Proximal raphe cndings bent towards opposite Morph.: Valves linear-lanceolate with broadly rounded, weakly protracted ends
sides (only in SEM visible). (L 11-22flm, W 4,5-6flm, 8-10 striae in 10flm). Axial area narrow, linear. Central
Eco1.: Rare. Present in dry messes and dry soils. Seems to prefeT drier and less area sligbtly widened. The bordering striae are somewhat shorter. Raphe filiform
disrnrbed (no animal influence!) soils than H. possessionensis. with closely spaced, expanded pores. Tenninal pores distinct. Transapical striae
Distr.: Widespread in the entire (Sub-)Antarctie Region, probably one of the most radiate in the middle, convergent towards the poles. Areolae not resolvable in
recorded taxa. LM.
Ecot.: H. hungarica was found in relatively dry (F-value V) moss samples and
Hallizschia possessiollellsis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. PI.124/(1-3?) 4.9 lake samples with higher pH (>8) and high specifie conductance values
Diagnosis: Frustula valvaeque ad instar generaliter sieut in plurîbus speciebus (> 1400j.lS/cm). The marine influence (by seaspray or marine animal input) seems
generis Hantzschia. Longitudo 75-90flm, latitudo 6-8flm. Fibulis 5-7 in 10flm, ta benefit this taxon. This is consistent with the overall ecology of the genus
mediis subremotis. Striae transapicales 15-16 in IO)lm, Ieviter radiatae in media (Lange-Bertalot 2001).
parte valvae, paral1eliores ad polos. Carina rapbis e1evata super planitiem et Distr.: South Shetland Islands (Bjorck et al. 1993, Kawecka et al. 1998), South
limburn valvae. Fines proximi externi declinatique. Fines proximi intemi Orkney Islands (Oppenheim 1990, Jones et al. 1993, Jones 1993, Jones &
unilaterabter declinati. Juggings 1995), King George Island (Schmidt el al. 1990)
Description.: Valves typically 'Hafltzschia-shaped' as has been commonly found
within Ibis genus (L 75-90flm, W 6-8flm, 15-16 striae in 10flm, 5-7 fibulae in
10flm). Head poles straight. Two fibulae more spaeed in the middle than the Kobayasiella Lange-Bertalot 1999
neighbouring fibulae. Transapical striae in the rniddle slightly radiate, more
parallel towards the poles. The raphe keel is elevated. Extemal raphe branches Kobayasiella suballtarc/ica Van de Vijver & Vanhoutte nov. spec. P1.51/1-11
continuous, c1early curved in the midd1e. lntemally, the central raphe endings are Diagnosis: Valvae lineares-lanceolatae apicibus subcapitatis ve1 capitatis.
bent towards the same side. Longitudo 17-25~m, latitudo 3-4,6J.lm. Area axialis angustissima, linearis. Area
Holotype: CAS-220088 (Califomian Academy of Science). centralis fonnans fasciam dilatatam ad margines valvae. Raphe filifonnis poris
Isotype: PLP-039 (University of Anrwerp, RUCA) BR-4081 (National Botanical ccntralibus indistinctis. Fissurae terminales fortiter deflectae ad idem latus.
Garden, Meise). Striae transapicales invisibiles in microscopio optico. ln microscopio electronico,
Type locaUty: Jardin Japonais, lie de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample striae apparentes radiatae, magis convergentes ad polos. Plures striae solitariae
BAO (coll. date 111/1999). curtae adsunt in fascia, clare visibiles in interna parte valvae.
Ecol.: Only common in acid, relatively wet (50-60%) soil sampies, mostly taken Description: Valves linear-lanceolate with subcapitate or capitate ends (L 17-
in the area of Jardin Japonais, close ta sorne penguin rookeries. Nutrient and 25flm, W 3-4,5flm, 42-46 striae in 10flm). Axial area very narrow, linear.
salinity values elevated. Central area a narrow fascia widening towards the valve margins. Raphe filifonn
Distr.: Only found on Ile de la Possession. with tenninal fissures, strongly bent towards the same side and indistinct central
Remarks: Appears always longer in samples than H. amphioxys while the pales pores. Transapical striae not resolvable in LM. ln SEM striae appear radiate,
are non curved but straight. The new taxon can easily be confused with H. more convergent towards the peles. Several solitary short striae present in the
ohul/dons Lange-Bertalot but can be distingnished by tbe different structure of the fascia, clearly visible at the inside.
extema] central raphe endings. Tbese endings are clearly curved while H. Holotype: CAS-220095 (Califomian Academy of Science).
abundans shows almost straight central endings. Isotype: PLP-046 (University of Anrwerp, RUCA), BR-4088 (National Botanical
Garden, Meise).
 56 57

Type locality: Vallée des Branloires, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, centralibus unilateraliter et ibi dupJiciter curvatis ad stigmam. Fissurae terminales
Sample BW 151 (eoll.date 1911211997). uncinatae ad lattis ipsum laterem. Striae transapicales radiantes omnmo, 17-19 in
Ecol.: Comman in small, acidic (5,4-6,0) pools with low conductance values IOflm.
«90j.lS/cm) and low nutricot values. Fairly comman in moss samples. Mean F- Description: Valves linear-elliptical with convex margins and capitate, broadly
value 4,0±1,3. Not found in soil samples. rounded ends. Length 20-31)Jm, width 6-9)Jm. Axial area narrow, linear. Central
Distr.: So far ooly found on lie de la Possession. area a rectangular fascia, Dot reaching the valve margins. Stigma rounded,
Remarks: This new taxon bears sorne resemblance to several other members of solitary plaeed. Raphe filifonn with eentral endings double eurved towards the
the genus Kobayasie/la. But aIl taxa described 50 far lack the typical fascia and stigma. Tenninal fissures hooked towards the same side. Transapical strîae
accompanying short stnae. This feature in combination \Vith the smaller radiate througbout the entire valve, 17-19 in 101lm.
dimensions and higher striae density clearly characterize this new taxon. Very Holotype: CAS-220084 (Califomian Aeademy of Seienee).
oftcn, specimen of this genus are misidentified as K. subtilissima, the most'widely I,otype: PLP-035 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-40n (National Botanieal
known species of this gcnus. The above described taxon differs from this species Garden, Meise).
in its much tiner striation, smaller valve dimensions and presence of a fascia. Type 10caUty: Grande Cascade, TIe de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample
BM060 (eoll. date 11112/97).
Etymology: This taxon is named after Pieter Ledeganek tn thaok him for ail his
Leco"uia Lange-Bertalot 2000 help during the seeond sampling eampaign.
Eco!.: Rarely found in very dry mosses (F-value VIll).
Lecollllia geuiculata (Gemmin) Lange-Bertalot PI.52/1-15 Distr.: So far only round on Ile de la Possession.
in Gennain (1937) p.13 pU fig.9 Remarks: The taxon bears some resemblance to L. incoactoides Lange-Bertalot
Syn.: Navicula gelliculata Gennain & Rumrich, described from the Andes, but the combination of the convex margins
Morph.: Valves elliptieal-Iaueeolate with mstate to subeapitate ends (L t2-20llm, with the position of the stigma and the direction of the central raphe endings
W 5-?llm, 19-22 striae in IOJlm). Axial area narrow, Hoear. Central area excludes ail possible confusion. L. ledeganckii is one of the rare Luticola taxa
symmetrical, wedge-shaped due to 4-6 regularly shortened striae. Raphe filifonn, that possess a stigma on the primary side. Most of the taxa belonging to Luticola
sligbtly arcuate with distinct tenninal and central pores. No temlinal fissures. have a stigma on the secondary sicle. Around the central rapbc endings, several
Transapical striae radiate to parallel near the pores. Areolae rounded, placed in small, shallow pUllcta can be found.
double rows in 'quincunx'-position.
Ecol.: Quite common in wet moss samples and freshwater habitats (both standing LII/icola off. IIIII/ica (KÜtzing) Mann PI.56/l-6
and running water), usually in circumneutral, nutrient-poor conditions with low in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.149 pl61 figs.I-11
conductivity values. SYIl.: Navicula mutica Kützing
Distr.: Kerguelen (Germain 1937, Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Morph.: Valves elliptieal-rhombie to bmadly elliptieal(-Ianeeolate) with bmadly
Cohu 1981, Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001), munded ends (L 6,5-15Ilm, W 3,5-6Ilm, 20-24 striae in 10Ilm). Axial area very
Macquarie Island (MeBride el al. 1999). narrow, lillear. Central area large, rectangular, almast always reaching the valve
Remarks: Recently created genus by Lange-Bertalot to accommodate 4 taxa, margins. Sometimes, several shortened striae are present. A solitary, rounded.
clearly distinct from Navicula s.s. stigma is al ways present on the secondary side. Raphe filifoffil, almost straight
with weakly deflected central and terminal tissures and indistinct central pores.
Transapical striae radiate throughout the entire valve.
Luticola Mann 1990 Eeo!.: Only found in snme relatively wet (50-60%) soil samples taken near the
coastline or in small caves. The accompanying diatom flora points to more
Lllticola ledegallckii Van de Vijver nov. spec. P1.5717-14 brackish conditions.
Diagnosis: Valvae lineares-ellipticae marginibus convexis apicibusque capitatis Di,tr.: Widespread in the entire (Sub-)Antaretie Region.
late rotundatis. Longitudo 20-31Ilm, latitudo 6-9Ilm. Area axialis angusta, Remarks: The valves shown do not belong to Luticola mutlca s.s. and might
linearis. Area centralis fasciam fere late rectangularem fonnans non attingens represent a new species. Until further investigation has becn done, we will
margines. Stigma solitaria punctiformis adest. Raphe filifonnis, tenninationîbus consider them as at!. mutica.
 58 59

Luticola robusta Van de Vijver, Ledeganck & Seyens nov. spec. P1.58/1-7
Lu/icola lIIu/icopsis (Van Heurck) Mann PI.5617-1 1, 57/1-6 Diagnosis.: Valvae lanceolatae ad ellipticas-Ianceolatas apicibus leviter protrusis
in Kobayasi (1965) p24-28 pl30 et late rotundatis. Longitudo 30-45J.1m, latitudo 10-12J.1m. Area axialis moderate
Syn.: Navicula muticopsis Van Heurck lata, linearis. Area centralis fasciam fere late rectangularem formans non
Morph.: Valves eUiptical with broadly rounded, (sub-)capitate or (in smaUer attingens margines. Raphe fiHfonnis tennationibus centralibus et terrninalibus
specimen) onJy protruded ends. Obserevd ceUs usuaUy sbort (L 10-25J.1m, W 5- curtis et leviter curvatis porisque indistinctis. Stigma adest in latere secundaria,
8lJ.m, 18-21 striae in lOjJm). Axial area narrow, lînear. Central area elliptical to solitaria punctifonnis vel leviter transapicaliter elongata. Striae transapicales
transapically rectangular, usually bordered by several shortened striae. A single moderate radiantes, fere paralJelae ad apices, constantes ex 4 ad 5 seriebus
stigma is present, al the secondary sicle. Raphe filiform with weakly deflected punctarum, 13-15 striae in IOJlm.
central cnrlings and small pores. Tenninal fissures usually very short and almast Description: Valves lanceolate 10 elliptical-Ianceolate witb weakly protruded,
straight. Transapical striae radiate throughout the entire valve. broadly rounded ends. Lengtb 30-45~m, width 10-12~m. Axial area moderately
Ecol.: Fairly commoll in soils influenced by marine animaIs (penguins, broad, linear. Central area a rectangular fascia, never reaching the valve margins.
albatrosses, elephant seals) with elevated specifie conductance and nutrient Raphe filiform with short, curved central and tem1inal endings and indistinct
values. pores. Stigma present, rounded or slightly transapicaUy elongated, solitary placed
Dislr.: Widespread in the entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region. on the secondary side. Transapical striae moderately radiate, more parallel
Remarks: Lu/icola lIIuticopsis is a higWy variable taxon. Kobayasi (1965) tried towards tbe valve ends, composed of 4 ta 5 rows of puncta, 13-15 striae in IOJlIU.
to separate ail possible variations in several types (such as f. reducla, f. eva/lita). Holotype: CAS-220085 (Califomian Academy of Science).
If sbould identify tbe possible type tbat occurs on Ile de la Possession, it is clear Isotype: PLP-036 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4078 (National Botanical
that it is somewhat intermediate between the f. reducla and evo/uta. On the Garden, Meise).
Antarctic Peninsula, L. muticopsis is usually found within penguin rookeries Type locality: Crique de oel, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample
(personal observation). The fact that most observations on Ile de la Possession, BAI18 (coll. date 05/12199).
have been made in samples taken from rookeries or other placed with increased Ecol.: OnJy found in high numbers in BA 118, a dry «30%) soil sample taken
animal influence, justifies probably entirely the identification of muticapsis from sorne unvegetated cliffs influenced by birds.
instead of being a (new?) variety of mUlica. Tbe analysis of tbe SEM structure Distr.: So far only found on De de la Possession.
confinns tbis statement. The only point of difference is the larger number of
striae in lO~m (18-21 on Ile de la Possession vs. 13-14 generally). LlllÎcola Sllecorlllll (Carlson) Maml PI.56/12-16
in Hustedt (1961-1966) p.608 fig.1610
Luticola pm'amutica var. biIJodis (Bock) Mann PI.56/17-18 Morph.: Valves rbombic-Ianceolate to lanceolate in larger valves with slightly
in Hustedt (1961-1966) p.594 fig.1599 protracted, obtusely rounded ends (L 25-43~m, W 8-11 ~m, 13-17 striae in lO~m).
Morph.: Valves linear-elliptical witb undulated (twice!) margins and capitate Axial area fairly narrow, linear. Central area enlarged, almost rectangular with a
ends (L ±24J.1m, W 7,5~m, 16-18 striae in lO~m). Axial area narrow, linear. fascia that does however not reach the valve margins due ta sorne shortened striae.
Central area almost rectangular. Fascia absent due ta sorne shortened striae. A single, rounded stigma present, solitary placed. Rapbe filiform, straight with
Stigma solitary placed. Raphe fiJiform straigbt. Central endings curved towards clear, deflected central endings. Terminal fissures short, deflected towards the
the opposite side of the stigma. Terminal fissures deflected to the same side. same side as the central pores. Transapical striae highly radiate in the middle,
Transapical striae radiate in the middle. more convergent towards the poles. Each stria consists of at least tbree areolae.
Eco!.: Only found in a very low number in soil sample BA61, taken from a smaU Ecol.: Common in sail samples. The highest abundances were reached in dry
cave in the Pointe Basse area. The accompanying flora points ta a more brackish (<30%) sample, clearly inDuenced by penguin rookeries (gentoo penguins on
environment. Crique de Noel and king penguins near the base). Nutrient conditions and specifie
Distr.: Navicula paramutica Bock bas been found twice, on the Antarctic conductance values were ratber elevated. Rare in masses and typical water
Continent (Spaulding e/ al. 1997) and on tbe South Orkney Islands (Hâkansson & habitats.
Jones 1994). No information regarding this variety has been found. Distr.: So far only found on Ile de la Possession.
Remarks: Although the number of striae is rather low, compared with the original
description by Carlson, we still believe that these valves belong ta this taxon.
 60 61

Mayalllaea Lange-Bertalot 1997 Distr.: Campbell Island (Hickmann & Vitt 1973), Kerguelen (Van de Vijver et al.
1998a), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997a), Antarctic Peninsula
Mayamaea a/o/ll"s (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot var. atamllS PI.42112-22 (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997b).
in Lange-Bertalot (2001) p.136 p1.l 04 figs.I-6
Syn.: Navicula atomus Kützing var. atomus
Morph.: Valves elliptieal to Iinear-elliptieal with broadly rounded ends. (L 8- Melosira Agardh 1827
l3llm, W 4-4,5Ilm, 18-21 striae in 10Ilm). Axial area narrow, Iinear. Central area
smalt, elliptical or even completely lacking. Raphe filifoml witb clear central and Me/asira dickiei (Thwaites) Kützing P!.2/10-17
tenninal enrlings. Transapical striae very radiate, especially in the middle, short in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (199la) p.12 p!.9 figs.I-13
and long striae altemating near the central nodule. Morph.: Valves cylindrical, grouped in smail chains of 3-~ individu~Is
Ecol.: Absent in water sampIes. Fairly common in soil samples preferring rather (Diameter IO-18Ilm, Mantle height 8-12Ilm). Valve mantle wall thlckenend wlth
dry, slightly acid soils with relativcly elevated nutrient conditions. paraUel sides. Inside, the valve wall increases towards the discus and decreas~s
Distr.: South Orkney Islands (Jones el al. 1993, Jones & Juggings 1995), South aftelWards gradually towards the center of the discus. This taxon is knawn for Its
Shetland Islands (Kawecka & Oleeh 1993, Kawecka el al. 1998), Continent ability to construct several internai cells. No spines present. . .
(Spaulding el al. 1997), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996). Ecol.: Only found in one sample, taken from mosses next to a waterfall. Th1S lS
consistent with the overalJ ecology of the species, considered to prefer an aerial
Mayamaea atolllllS var. permitis (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot PI.42123·27 habitat.
in Lange-Bertalot (2001) p.l36 p1.l04 figs.7-l3 Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu & Maillard 1986),
Syn.: Navicula atomus var. permitis Hustedt Campbell Island (Hickmann & Vitt 1973).
Morph.: Morphology resembles Mayamaea alomus var. atomllS. Valves are
smaller (L 7-8Ilm, W 2,5-3Ilm). Numher ofstriae is much bigher: 30-35 in lOllm, Melosira ecMlJala Manguin PI.2/18-25,3/t3-14
not resolvable in LM. in Manguin (1941) p.154 pU fig.2
Eco!.: Commonly found in pools and lakes with (very) high pH-values (7,5-10!) Morph.: Valves cylindrical (Diameter 8-20llm, Mantle height 5-8Ilm). Frustules
and high specific conductance values (200-2090IlS/cm). Almost absent in moss interconnected by large, irregular spines, covering the entire valve face, leavmg a
and sail samples. small hyaline area in the middle. No sulcus or callum present.
Distr.: South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996), Maritime Antarctic Ecol.: Found in several drier soil samples. The highest concentration was reached
Region (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997b). in sample BA61 taken from a smal1 cave in the Pointe Basse region.
Remarks: The ecological difference between the two varieties atomus and Distr.: Taxon described from Madagascar. So far also found on Ile Amsterdam
permitis is very remarkable. Ali samples where these two taxa have becn found, aod Ile Saint-Paul (situated in the Indian Ocean) (Van de Vijver, personal
were re-examined resulting in the finer ecological characterization of the two taxa observation).
with atomus being a typical soil diatom and pennitis preferring pools/lakcs with
sorne sort of (animal) disturbance. Me/osira aff. guillaumilJii Manguin cx Kociolek & Reviers Pl.2/1-9, 3/15-16
in Manguin (1952) p.13 pU figs.la-f
Mayalllaea/ossalis (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot var./ossalis P1.42/28 Morph.: Valves cylindrical with a domed face (Diameter 10-18Ilm, Mantle height
in Lange-Bertalot (2001) p.138 pl.l04 figs.31-34 9-10Ilm). Valve mantle wall thickened. No sulcus edge and gorge visible. The
Syn.: Naviculafossalis Krasske var.fossalis center of the valve discus is composed of a large, irregularly delimited hyaline
Morph.: Valves elliptieal to linear-elliptical with broadly rounded ends (L 81lm, zone, surrounded by an area of small striae (only resolvable in SEM).
W 3,S)Jm, 18 striae in lO)Jm). Axial area narrow, lanceolate. Central area Ecol.: Fairly common in severa} soit samples, especially those wilh higher
elliptical due to several shortened striae. Raphe filiform. Transapical striae very nutrieot and salinity input (close to the sea or marine animal colonies).
radiate. Distr.: Taxon described From New Caledonia (Manguin 1952). So far also found
Ecol.: Found ooly one time. No clear ecological data present. on Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint Paul (Van de Vijver, personal observation).
Remarks: The dimensions of the Crozet populations are always larger than the
valves described from New Caledonia (Kociolek & de Reviers 1996).
 62 63

Nevertheless, the presence of the hyaline discus may justify the identification as Navicllla Bory de St. Vincent 1822
M. guillauminii.
Navicula arvelJsis Hustedt PI.42/1-11
Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.21) pl.80 figs. 10-12
MlleIleria (Frenguelli) Frengllelli 1945 Morph.: Valves linear to linear-elliptical in smaller forros \VÎth bluntly rounded,
subcapitate ends (L 8,7-13,3flm, W 2,7-4Hm, 35-39 striae in 10flm). Axial area
Mllelleria /llell/ellta Spaulding & Kociolek P1.53/1-3 very narrow, not resolvable in LM. Central area almost absent, sometimes weak1y
in Spaulding, Kociolek & Wong (1999) p.322 figs.37-41, 52-57 rounded. Raphe filiform, straight, with deflected terminal fissures and small,
Morph.: Valves linear, slightly uodulating with cunealely rounded ends (L 60- slightly bent central pores, close together. Transapical striae not visible in LM. ln
70flm, W 10- 11flm). Axial area narrow. Firs! row of areolae is separated from SEM, striae appear weakly radiate ta even parallel in the middle, paraUel ta
the striae by an hyaline area. Central area broadly ellipticai in shape with an sometimes convergent towards the pales.
elongated rectangular central nodule. Raphe linear witb clcarly spaced, irregularly Ecol.: Common in small, acid ta almost circumneutral pools with rather law
curved central endings, passing the tirst rows of areolae. Terminal fissures specifie conductance values (<200flS/cm). Also found in several very wet
deflected at the valve mantle and bifurcated. Transapical central striae more (>85%) sail samples. Rare in masses.
spaced than the other striae, 18-20 in I0J.lm. c1early radiate. Remaining striae ooly Distr.: South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996). On the South Orkney
slightly radiate, 24-27 in IOflm. Islands, N difficillima Hustedt has becn found, a taxon that bears sorne
Ecol.: Ooly found in very low abundances in freshwater lakes and wct soils. resemblances with N. arvensis but that shows tbickenings at the api ces.
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954 as N. linearis, Spaulding el al. Remarks: The exact taxonomical position of this taxon is still unknown.
1999). Therefore we still identify it as belonging ta the genus Navicula, until the
Remarks: Recently described l'rom Kerguelen by Spaulding et al. (I999), confusion around the arvensis-group has been c1arified.
replacing N. linearis found by Bourrelly & Manguin (1954). Detailed infomlation
regarding the fine morphology of this taxon is given in Spaulding et al. (1999). Naviellla bieephala Hustedt PI.3511-8, 3611-2
in Hustedt (1952) p.398 fig.! 06
Muelleria varipullctata Spaulding & Kociolek P1.53/4-10 Morph.: Valves nafrow linear-Ianceolate with rostrate ta subcapitate and even
in Spaulding, Kociolek & Wong (I999) p.328 figs.21-25, 31-36 capitate ends (L 20-26~m, W 4-5~m, 16-20 striae in lO~m). Axial area linear,
Morph.: Valves Iinear with cuneately rounded ends (L 26-44~m, W 6-9flm). very narrow. Central area variable due ta irregularly shortened and spaced
Central area elliptical with an elongate, rectangular central nodule. Transapical transapical striae. Raphe straight, filifonTI with distinct central pores, close
stri8e in the center clearly radiate, consisting of large areolae (9-12 in lOlL m). tagether. Transapical striae strongly radiale to convergent near the pales.
Other striae nearly paraIlel, composed of large rounded areolae (18-21 in lO~m). Ecol.: Rare in water and moss sarnples, more frequently recorded from dry,
Longitudinal canal rib-like, terminating in a small helictoglossa. Raphe filifonn, almost circumneutral soils with low specifie conductance values and fairly high
straight with central endings tenninating between the fust and third row of Ilutrient and chloride concentrations.
areolae, hooked to broadly curved. Tenninal fissures de:f]ected ta the same side Dlstr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le eohu & Maillard
bifurcated. ' 1986, Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001), South Orkney Islands (Oppenheim &
Ecol.: Mostly found in very dry, circunmeutral soils with low specifie Greenwood 1990, Jones et al. 1993).
conductance, phosphate and nitragen values. Rare in soils and masses. Remarks: Described by Hustedt from the Kerguelen. Bears sorne similarities
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, with N. longieephala Hustedt but differs by its larger shape and different raphe
Spaulding el al. 1999). structure.
Remarks: Recently described from Kerguelen by Spaulding et al. (1999).
Included within N. portomontana Cleve by Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) and Van Navicula ectoris Van de Vijver nov. spec. fltT\\. P1.371l-S
de Vijver et al. (1998a). Detailed information regarding the fine morphology of Diagnosis: Valvae ellîpticae-Ianceolatae apicibus parum obtuse vel modice
this taxon is given in Spaulding el 01. (1999). acutius rotundatis. Longitudo 16-221lm, latitudo 4-6Ilm. Area axialis angusta,
linearis. Area centralis elliptica, comparate parva, symmetrica. Raphe recta,
filifonnis paris centralibus leviter deflexis, distinctis. Striae transapicales clare
 64 65

. radiatae, paral1eliores etiam convergentes ad polos, 21-24 in 1O~m. In towards the poles. Voight discordances present. In SEM, lineolae densely
microscopio electronico, Iineolae densissime positae, 45-50 in IO).tm. spaced, 40-45 in 10IllU.
DescrIption: Valves elliptical-Ianceolate witb moderately acute or slightly Ecol.: Found in several sail sampies taken from chffs bordering the ocean.
broadly rounded ends (L 16-22flm, W 4-6flm, 21-24 striae in IOflm). Axial area Distr.: Sa far only found on Ile de la Possession.
narrow, linear. Central area elliptical, relatively small, symmetrical. Raphe Remarks: Several taxa bear sorne resemblance ta this population. Navicula
straigbt, filiform with slightly deflected, marked central pores. Transapical striae veneta KUtzing has a different number of striae bordering the central area whi1e
clearly radiate, more parallel and even convergent towards the poles. In SEM, the Navicula lundii Reichardt has a very clear a"symmetrical central area. It is possible
lineolae appear very densely placed, 45-50 in 10flm. that further research will show that this is a new taxon.
Holotype: CAS-220068 (Califomian Academy of Science)
Isotype: PLP-019 (University of Autwerp, RUCA), BR-4061 (National Botanical Navicllla velleta Kützing PI.35/29-35, 36/4
Garden, Meise). in Lange-Bertalot (2001) p.78 p1.l4 figs.23-30
Type Locality: Bollard, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample BA 173 Morph.: Valves linear-Ianceolate with bluntly rounded, slightly protracted ends
(cnll. date 31/0112002). (L 24-28flm, W 5-6flm, 14-15 striae in 10flm). Axial area linear, narrow. Central
Etymology: This taxon is named after my collegue and dear friend Luc EctoT area almost symmetrical, rectangular, bordered by 2~3 shortened striae. Raphe
(Université de Luxembourg). filiform straight with weakly expanded central pores. Transapical striae rather
Ecol.: Found in several semi-wct soil samples taken from scratches in the cliffs radiate in the middle, parallelto slightly convergent towards the poles.
bordcring the coastline. Influence of sea-spray is quite likely. Ecol.: Rarely found on Ile de la Possession. Higbest abundance reached in a wet
Distr.: sa far ooly known from He de la Possession. soil sample (BA087, <5%) with a pH-value of 6,6 and low specific conductance
Remarks: This new sample c]osely resembles Navicula phylleptosoma Lange- and nutrient values.
Bertalot but can be distingnished hy its more elliptical-Ianceolate outline, the Distr.: South Orkney Islands (Oppenheim 1990, Oppenheim & Greenwood 1990,
higher number of striae in 1O~m and tbe smaUer central area. Navicula phyllepta Jones et al. 1993) South Sbetland Islands (Bjorck et a7. 1993), James Ross Island
Kützing and Navicula salinarum Gnmow are much larger. (Bjorck et al. 1996), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997a).
Remarks: Incorrectly rnentioned as Navicula IUI/dii Reichardt in Van de Vijver &
Navicula gregaria Donkin P1.35/9-18, 3613 Beyens (1 998b, 1999a).
in Lange-Bertalot (2001) p.85 pl.38 figs.8-18 NI/Tf
Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianceolate with highly variable rostrate to suhcapitate Navieula venetifol'mis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. PJ.35119·28,36/5
end, (L 20-28flm, W 5-6flm, 17-19 striae in 10flm). Axial area very narrow, Diagnosis: Valvae ellipticae-lanceolatae ad late lanceolatas in valvis minoribus
linear with an asymmetrically thickened nodule. Central area transapically apicibus obtuse rotundatis, non protractis. Longitudo 18-27Ilm, latihldo 4,5-611111.
. widened, asymmetrical. Rapbe fi]iform. Central endings with distinct pores, Area axialis angusta, lineaJis. Raphe filifarmis, recta, poris centralibus distinctis
slightly deflected to the primary side. Transapical striae weakly radiate, approximatisque. Area centraiis transapicaliter radiaHs, asymmetrica a striis
convergent towards the pales. Lineolae distinct, even in LM. affinibus irregulariter abbreviatis. Striae transapicales pariter dispositae, fartiter
Ecol.: Common in sorne moss and water samples. Prefers wet masses (mean F- radiantes in media parte valvae, convergentes ad polos, 16-18 in 101lm. Lineolae
value 4.1 fO.9). In water sampies, most records come from small pools and rivers distincte visibiles in LM, 35 in IOllffi.
with alkaline pH values and higher nutrient conditions. Less common in sail Description: Valves eUiptica1-lanceolate ta broadIy lanceolate in smaller
samples (only minor abundances). individuals with bluntly rounded, not protracted ends (L 18-27, W 4,5-6flm, 16-18
Dislr.: Widespread in the en tire (Sub-)Autarctic Region. striae in lOJ1m). Axial area very narrow, linear. Raphe filifonn, straight with
distinct central pores, close together. Central area transversely radial,
Navicula spec.l P1.37/8-15 asymmetrical due to irregularly shortened bordering striae. Transapical striae
Morph.: Valves linear-Ianceolate with slightly protracted, mostly acutely rounded equally spaced, strongly radiate in the rniddle, convergent towards the poles.
ends (L 20-33flm, W 5,5-6,5flm, 16-18 striae in 10flm). Axial are> narrow, linear. Lineolae distinctly visible in LM, 35 in 10flm.
Central area elliptical ta almost circular. Raphe straight, filiform with slightIy Holotype: CAS-220083 (Califomian Academy of Science).
de.tlected, distinct central pores. Terminal fissures hook-shaped. Transapical lsotype: PLP-034 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4076 (National Botanical
striae weakly radiate in the middle ta even paralleI, more parallel to convergent Garden, Meise).
 66 67

Type locality: Vallee de la Hebé, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Naviclliadicta spec.l PI.4III-5
Sample BA078 (coll. date 29/1111999). MOl'ph.: Valves narrowly linear-elliptical with cuneately rounded ends (L 7-
Ecolo: So far mûy found in one soil sample taken from a sleep hill next to the sea. 8,5IJ.m, W 2-3J,lnl, 32 striae in lOJ,lm), Axial area very narrow J linear. Central
Measured pH \Vas 5,6 while the specifie conductance value was rather higb area relatively small J elliptical to rectangular, bordered by 2 shortened striae.
(1953~S/cm) and both phosphate (3,44mgll). and ammonium (1,68riIgll) levels Raphe filifonn with deflectd terminal enrlings and small central pores.
were also elevated. Transapical striae weakly radiate in the m~ddle, parallel towards the valve ends.
Distr.: Only found on De de la Possession. The striae consist ofuniseriate rows of small. rounded areolae.
Ecol.: Ooly found in one sample, taken from a large acid lake in the Pointe Basse
area witb relatively elevated specific conductance values (400~S/cm) and bigher
Naviclliadicta Lange-Bertalot & Moser 1994 saliniry conditions (chloride vaille 140mgll).
NVj)~ Dlstr.: So far only found on Ile de la Possession.
Naviculadicta semillllium (Grunow) PI.39/1-8(9-14?),40/1 Remarks: This very srnall taxon could not be compared with any other similar
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.230 pl.76 figs.30-36 taxon. The exact taxonomical position is quite unc1ear. ft definetely does not fit
Syn.: Navicula seminu/um Grunow into the genus Navicula s.s. but neither Eolimna nor Sellaphora are satisfying
Morph.: Valves linear-eUiptical witb broadly rounded ends (L 8-16J.tm, W 3- solutions. Further researcb will be necessary to resolve the exact identity of this
41.1m, 18-21 striae in lOJlm). Axial area narrow. tinear. Central area cnlarged, taxon. New samples will be needed for this study. Since the sampled area lies
almost rectangular, bordered by 1-3 shorter striae. Rapbe fùiform, usualJy straigbt close to the sea, it is al 50 possible that wc are dealing here \Vith a marine
witb small central pores and hooked terminal fissures. Transapical striae sligbtly contaminant, although the high number of valves found might question this
radiale in the rniddle, convergent to almast parallel ncar the apices. In SEM, the statement.
striae are c1early biseriate.
Ecol.: Common in lakes and pool. Navicllilldicta spec.2 P1.41/6-12
Distr.: Widespread in the entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region. Morph.: Valves linear to lLnear-elliptical with clearly convex margins and
subcapitate, broadly rounded ends (L 12-15,5~m, W 4-4,5~m, 18-23 striae in
Navicliladicta e/orall(allu Lange~Bertalot P1.39/15-28,40/2 IOlJ.m). Axial area narrow, linear. Central acea rectangular, bordered by 3-5
in Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (1996) p.84 pl.28 figs.15-20 shortened stfÎae. Raphe filifonn with deflected terminal fissures. Central pores
Morph.: Valves linear-eUiptical, in tbe middle clearly tumid with (sub-)capitate distinct, sligbtly bentto the opposite side (compared witb the terminal endings).
apices (L 9-14~m, W 4-5~m, 18-20 striae in lO~m). Axial area narrow, linear. Transapical striae uniseriate, clearly radiate in the middle, paralIel to weakly
Central area rectangularJ widening towards the margins, bordered by several convergent towards the apices.
shortened striae. Raphe filiform with distinct central pores. In SEM, the raphe is Ecol.: Fairly common in sorne soil and freshwater samples. The water samples
sometimes placed on a raised sternum. Transapical striae radiate in the middle, bave been taken from sligbtly acid (pH 6,0) larger lakes.
parallel to convergent towards the apices. Distr.: Probably also present on Ile Amsterdam where sirnilar valves have been
Eco!.: Common in slightly acid to circumneutral lakes and alkaline rivers with found (Van de Vijver pers. observation).
low specifie conductance and nutrieot values. Remarks: Several taxa show sorne affinities like N. ventralis Krasske. N. digna
Distr.: Unknown due to confusion with N. seminulum. Present on Kerguelen Hustedt and N. mediacollvexa but they aIl are not satisfyingly similar to the
(personal observation). population we round on Ile de la Possession. A more detailed (comparative)
Remarks: Closely resembles N. seminll/Illn but can be distinguished by the more analysis will be necessary in order to fu(ly understand the taxonomical position of
tnmid outline in tbe middle and tbe (slIb-)capitate apices. Tbe presence of the this taxon. It is bighly probable tbat it belongs to tbe genus Sellllphorll but until
raised sternum is somewbat different from the original description. Still we further investigations have been done, we decided to place it temporarily in
believe that we are dealing here with N. elorantana. This taxon bas been reported Naviculadicta.
in the past as N. vitabunda and N. pseudoventralis but after thorough examinatioD
of sorne samples the identification was corrected.
 68 69

Neidium Pfitzer 1871 the var. kerguelellellsis, we canclude that it might be similar to N acidoclinata.
When this is actuaUy the case, it is possible that N. acidoclinatG should be
~
Neidium Quberiii Manguin 1.) P1.751I~9 considered as a yaunger synonym of N./rustulum var. kerguelenensis Manguin.
in Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) p.24 pi.3 fig.26
Morph.: Valves linear-Ianceolate to c1early lanceolate with broadly (sornetimes Nltzscl,la augustatula Lange-Bertalot P1.125/1-13
cuneately) rounded apices (L 42-6411111, W 8-10I1m, 24-28 striae in 1011111). Axial in Kraml11er & Langc-Bertalot (1988) pA8 pi.36 figs.6-10
area fairly narrow, linear-lanceolate. Central area transapically elongated, Morph.; Valves lanceolate ta elliptical-lanceolate with weakly apiculate ends
rectangular to elliptical, Ilot reaching the longitudinal canals. Raphe straight, (L 16-23 (43)11111, W 4-4,51110, 16-19 fibulae in 1011111). Raphe keel quite
filifonn. Central endings booked iota opposite directions. Distal endings eccentric with evenly spaced fibulae, bard ta distinguish in LM due ta coarse
bifurcated. Longitudinal canals on the valve face, clearly visible in LM. striae. Transapical striae quite resolvable in LM, number corresponding with
Transapical striae parallei to slightly radiale in the rniddle, convergent near the nUl11ber of fibulae, 16-19 in 1011111).
poles. Ecol.: Only found in several sl11all coastal pools with elevated pH and specifie
Ecol.: Commonly recorded from moss and water samples but oilly in low conductance vaiues (area of Crique de Noel).
abundances «4%). Seems to prefeT small acid pools and lakes with 10w specifie Distr.: First record for tbe entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region.
conductance and nutrient values. In masses present in wet conditions (mean F-
value 3,7±1,7). Nitzsclria <trclrih,t1dii Lange-Bertalot PI. 127/1 7-23
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) p. 115 pl.81 figs.10-12
1986, Van de Vijver e/ al. 1998a, 2001). Morph.: Valves lanceolate with cuneately rounded, narrow ends (L 16-3011111, W
Remarks: Closely resembles Neidium bisulcatwn Cleve and might even be 2-2,511111,16-18 fibulae in 1011111). Fibulae rather regularly spaced, cven the two in
eonspecific. Based on a more lanceolate outline separated as a distinct species. the rniddle. Transapical striae not resoJVable in LM, >45 in 10I1m).
Further SEM-research should c1arify their relationship and the taxonornieal Ecol.: Cornmon in wet terrestrial mosses (F-value IiI) and small, slightly acid
position of N. aubertii. pools. Mastly found in the area around Baie de La Pérouse.
Distr.: First record for the cntire (Sub-)Antarctic Region.

Nitzschia Hassall 1845 Nitzscl,la chardezjj Van de Vijver & Beyens P1.I26/1-7
Diagnosis: Valvae lineares marginibus leviter concavis apicibusque cuneatis,
Nltzsc!lia acidocUuata Lange-Bertalot PI.l30/1-S, 21-30 tlexis ad latus dorsale. Longitudo 75-11011111, latitudo 8-1611111. Carina raphis
in Kral11l11er & Lange-Bertalot (1988) p.IOO pl.73 figs.I-8 omnino excentrica, locata in latere limbi, Fibulae curtae sed magnac, locatae
Morph.: Valves linear to linear-Ianceolate in the longer valves. The middle part is aequidistantiter in carina, 3·4 in IO~m. Striae transapicales bene visibiles in
usually weakly concave. Ends cuneately rounded (L 18-50fll11, W 2-311111, 9-14 microscopia optico, 17-19 in 1011m.
fibulae in 1011111). Raphe keel with fairly regularly placed fibulae, the Iwo in the Description: Valves linear witb slightly concave margins and cuneate ends, bent
middle more spaced than the others. Transapical striae quite visible in LM, 22-32 to the dorsal side (L 75-11011111, W 8-1611111, 3-4 fibulae in 1011111). Raphe keel
in 1011111. quite eccentric, placed on the mantle side. Fibulae short but quite large,
Eeol.: Cornmon in bath freshwater and rnoss samples. Seems to prefer wet equidistantly spaced on the keel. Transapical striae quite visible in LM, 17-19 in
terrestrial mosses (F-value Ill-IV). No strict preference for a specifie watertype 1011 111 •
has been found. Valves were observed in alkaline rivers but al50 in acid pools. Holotype: CAS-220098 (Californian Academy of Science)
Conductivity ranged frol11 60 to 200f1S/cm. The different populations (or Isotype: PLP-048 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4091 (National Botanica!
1110rphotypes) did not show ecological differences. Garden, Meise).
Oistr.: South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a), Maritime Antarctic Type locality: Bollard, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Arcbipelago, Sample BA 173
Region (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997b). (coll. date 31/01/2002).
Remarks: Usually identified as N. /rus/ulum (see below). Manguin (in Bourrelly Etymology: This taxon is posthumously dedicated to the late Didier Chardez to
& Manguin 1954) described a var. kergueleneusls frOI11 nearby Kerguelen honour him for bis life-Iong career as a protistologist.
Archipelago. Based on detailed SEM investigations of what is considered ta be
 70 71

Ecol.: Fouod in several semi-wet soil samples taken from scratches in the clitTs Nitzscl.ia dissipata var. media (Hantzsch) Grunow PI.l27/6-16
bordering the coastlinc. Influence of sea-spray is quitc lilcely. in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot p. 19 pl.ll figs.I-7
Distr.: sa far only known from Ile de la Possession. Morph.: Valves linear-Ianceolate witb apiculate ends (L 2S-40~m, W 3-S~m, 6-
Remarks: N. chardezii shows sorne resemblance to N. vi/rea Norman and N. 10 fibulae in lO~m). Raphe keel moderately eccentric with completely irregularly
vitrea var. salillarum Grunow but can easîly be distinguished by the different spaced fibulae, doser together towards the ends. Transapical striae only very
structure of the striae. Ln these two taxa the individual areolae are clearly visible weakly visible, 40-4S in 10~m.
which is not the case in N. chardezii. Both taxa have aiso a less cobust outlook. Ecol.: Fairly common in wet terrestrial mosses and a small river (pH 7,8 and spec.
conductance 178~S/cm), sampled near the Baie Lapérouse. AJmost absent in
Nitzschia chlll:>i; Hantzsch PI. 128/20-24 soils.
in Krammer & Lallge-Bertalot (1988) 1'.31 1'1.19 figs. 1-6A Distr.: Probably the first record in the entire (Sub-)Antaretic Region. Records
Morph.: Valves sigmoid with apiculate cnds (L IS-28~m, W 2,S-3,S~m, 8-\3 exist for var. dissipata (Kerguelen, Antarctic Continent & South Shetland
fibulae iu lO~m). Raphe keel quite cccentric. Fibulae in the middle more spaced lslands).
than the others. Transapical striae weakly resolvable in LM, ± 40 in 101J,m.
Ecol.: Rarely found in small pools and rivers. Almast absent from soils and Nitzscl.ia JOllticola Grunow P1.l29/31-39
masses. in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) 1'.103 p1.7S figs.I-22
Distr.: Kerguelen (BoulTelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard Morph.: Valves lanceolatc with narrow, weakly protracted cuneate ends (L 6-
1986). 32~m, W 2-3,S~m, 10-14 fibulae in lO~m). Raphe keel quite eccentric, fibulae
evenly spaced except the two in the middle, more spaced than the others.
Nitzschia communis Rabenborst PI. L291l-3 Transapical striae resolvable in LM, 25-30 in IOpm.
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) p. II 0 pl.79 figs.I-6 Ecol.: Quite common small pools and larger lakes with elevated specifie
Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianccolate with broadly to even obtusely rounded ends conductance values and (very) higb pH-values (>9,0)~ Mostly recorded from the
(L 30-40IJ,m, W 4-4,5~m, 10-il fibulae in 10~m). Fibulae in the middle Jardin Japonais. Common in terrcstrial mosses. Almost absent in soils.
cquidistantly placcd. Transapical striae weakly resolvable in LM, ± 35 in IOj.lITI. Distr.: South Orkney Islands (Oppenbeim & Greenwood 1990).
Ecol.: Mostly found in masses, although rare. Prefers wet, terrestrial masses.
Records in freshwater sampIes and soils are very scaree. Nitzschia frllstll/lI11J (Kützing) Grunow var.frll.'ttlllllllJ Pl. 130/3 1-36
Dislr.: First record for the entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region. in Krammet & Lange-Bertalot (1988) 1'.94 1'1.68 figs. 1-8
Morph.: Valves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate in the longer valves. The middle
Nitzschia debilis (Arnolt) Grunow P1.I2711-5 part is usually weakly concave with cuneately rounded ends (L 13,3-25,3~m, W
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) p.39 1'1.27 figs.S-ll 2-3~m, 8-13 fibulae in lO~m). Raphe keel witb fairly regularly placed fibulae,
Morph.: Valves e!liptical ta linear-elliptical with slightly cuneately rounded ends the two in the middle more spaced than the others. Transapical striae quite visible
(L IS-24pm, W 8-10IJ,m, 9-11 fibulae in 10IJ,m). Raphe keel quite eecentrically in LM, 20-24 in lO~m.
placed. Central pores distinct due ta the concavity of the keel. Fibulae large. Ecol.: OnJy found in a fairly large abundance in one sail sample, taken from sorne
Transapical striae nol visible in LM. The so-called 'tryblionelloid' ribs are c1iffs near the coastline at Vallée des Branloires. The sample was characterized
variable in shape and size, 14-17 in 1O~.LIn. by a high specifie conductance value (1200~S/cm), a circumneutral pH (7,0), very
Ecol.: Rare on Ile de la Possession. Only found in relatively wct (SO-60%) soils low nutrient conditions and a low moisture degree (<20%). Another sail sarnple
sam pied fram cliffs near tbe seaside. No observations in masses and water (BAI OS) yielded sorne more valves. Tbis sample was also taken from some cliffs
habitats. near the coastline.
Distr.: South Shetland Islands (Bjôrck et al. 1993), King George Tsland (Schmidt Distr.: Widespread in tbe entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region.
et al. 1990), Antarctic Peninsula (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997b).
Remarks: Taxon tbat can be included within the group of r,yblionella, Nit'l..schia graciUs Hantzsch PI.l 29!l 9-30
considcred by same authors ta be a separatc gemls (Round et al. 1990). in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) 1'.93 1'1.66 figs.l-ll
 72 73

Morph.: Valves narrow linear-Ianceolate with long, apiculate ends (L 33-60llm. Ecol.: Rare on Ile de la Possession. Only round in low numbers in several soil
W 3-4~m, 13-16 fibulae in lO~m). Fibulae in the middle equidistantly placed. samples and small pools.
TransapicaJ striae not resolvable in LM. Distr.: First record for the entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region.
Ecol.: Fairly cornmOIl in both masses and freshwater habitats. Sample W550. a
slightly acid lake with low spec. conductance value) yielded almost 99% of this Nitzsciliapalea (Kützing) W. Smith P1.I281I-l9
taxon. Prefers very wct. terrestrial masses (F-value Ill). in Krammer & Lange~Bertalot (1988) p.85 pl.59 figs.I-24
Distr.: South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996), Maritime Antarctic Morph.: Valves linear-lanceolate, lanceolate in larger valves with apiculatc,
Region (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997b), Kerguelen (8ourrelly & Manguin 1954, rounded ends (L 20-45~m, W 2,5-4~m, 12-16 !ibulae in lO~m). Raphe keel \Vith
Le Cohu & Maillard 1986), South Orkney Islands (Oppenheim 1990, Oppenheim irregularly placed fibulae, the two in the middle not significantly more spaeed
& Greenwood 1990, Jones et al. 1993, Jones & Juggins 1995), South Shetland than the others. Transapical striae only resolvable in some populations (± 35 in
Islands (Kawecka & Olech 1993, Kawecka el al. 1998), King George Island lO~m).
(Schmidt et al. 1990). EcoJ.: Common in bath freshwater and mass samples. Rare in soil samples.
Prefers wet masses (mean F-value 3,5 ± 1)). Present in a wide range of water
Nitzschia Imllgaricil Grunow P1.l25118-2D types (from brooklets to large lakes) with pH va..ying from 5,6 to 7,2 and
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) p.42 p1.34 figs.I-3 relatively low specifie conductance values «200~S/cm). Nulrient and salinity
Morph.: Valves linear, slightly concave in the middle with cuneately rounded levels always low.
ends (L 50-90~m, W 6-8~m, 9-11 fibulae in lO~m). Raphe keel quite eccentric Dislr.: South Shetland Islands (Bjorck el al. 1993), Campbell Island (Hickman &
with regularly placed fibulae, the two in the middle slightly more spaced than the Vil! 1973), South Orkney Islands (Oppenheim & Greenwood 1990, Jones 1995),
others. Each fibula contacts 1 (sometimes 2) stria. TransapicaI striac inte01.1pted Antarctic Continent ( Karasawa & Fukushima 1977), South Georgia (Van de
iu the middle by a large hyaline area, 17-18 striae in 10~m. Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a), Kerguelen (Le Cohu ~ Maillard 1986).
Ecol.: Found in low abundances in large lakes in the Jardin Japonais with high pH
values (> 9,0). Nitzschia pallis/ris Hustedt \; _~ P1.I25!14-17
Distr.: First record for the (Sub-)Antarctic Region. in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) p.64 pl.50 figs.I-3
Morph.: Valves linear ta linear-Ianceolate ta even renifoffil with cuneate ends,
Nitl,.\'cJria i1lco1lspiclla Grunow PLI 3011 5-20 bent to the dorsal side while the middle is weakly concave (L 40-54~m, W 4-
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) p.95 pl.69 figs.I-13 6~m, 6-9 fibulae in 1O~m). Raphe keel moderately excentric. Fibulae irregularly
Morph.: Valves eltiptieal to linear-elliptieal with obtusely rounded ends (L 5- placed on the keel, the two in the middle more spaced than the otllers. Fibulae
18~m, W 2-3~m, 10-12 !ibulae in 10~m). Fibulae quite large, tbe Iwo in the have a broad base and continue as a naITOW stripe on the valve face, ending in a
middle more spaced than the athers. Transapical striae in LM quite resolvable, stria. Transapical striae quite resolvable in LM, 24-28 in IOflm. Central nodule
25-30 in 10~m. placed belween the two ..aphe branches, visible in LM.
Ecol.: Fairly commOll in masses and freshwater habitats sampled in the area of Ecol.: Rare. Only found in 4 samples: terrestrial mosses (F-value IV), a small pool
Pointe Basse indicating higher pH and specifie conductance values. and dry soils with higher nutrient and specifie conductance values.
Dislr.: South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a), Maritime Antarctic Distr.: First record for the (Sub-)Antarctic Region.
Region (Van dc Vijver & Beyens 1997b), James Ross Island (Bjorck el al. 1995). Remarks: lncorrectly identified in Van de Vijver & Beyens (1999b) as N.
Remarks: Sometirnes considered to be coly a variety of N. frustu/wn (Kützing) homhw'gensis Lange-Bertalot.
Grunow. The exact taxonomical position is still doubtful.
Nitzschiapllsilla Grunow PI.I29/4-ll
Nitzschia liebetruthii Rabenborst var. liebetruthii PJ.130/9-14 in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) p.111 pl.79 figs.12-15
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) p.96 pl.69 figs.14-20 Morph.: Valves linear-Ianceolate with convex margins and \Vith broadly rounded,
Morph.: Valves lanceolate with narrow, slightly protracted ends (L 9-20~m, W 2- slightly protracted ends (L 21-38~m, W 3-4~m, 15-21 fibulae in 10~m). Fibulae
2,5~m, 11-13 fibulae in 10~m). Fibulae in the middle equidistantly placed. in the middle equidistantly spaced. Transapical striac Ilot resolvable in LM.
Transapical striae fairly weil resolvable in LM, 23-27 in 10~m.
 74 75

Ecot: Fairly common in relatively dry (F-value V-VI) masses and smaU, highly Morph.: Valves Iinear-elliptical with parallel margins and cuneate ends (L· 23-
alkaline pools with high mltrient (phosphate 2,5mg/l) and specifie conductance 44~m, W 6-7,5fJm, 32-3~ striae in lOf.1m). Axial area fairiy narrow, much wider
values (> 1500~S/cm). near the central area, central area circular, sometimes irregular due to irregularly
Dislr.: Maritime Antarctic Region (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997b). shortcned striae. Striae clearly visible as rows of single poroids. Raphe filifonn,
slightly curved with smaU central pores. Tenninal fissures bent in the same
Nilzschia spec.l P1.J30/37-42 directions.
Morph.: Valves lanceolate with apiculate ends (L 23-40~m, W 2-3,5~m, 10-12 Ecol.: Found in very low numbers (max. rel. abundance <4%) in wet mosses and
fibulae În IOllm). Raphe keel very eccentric \Vith evcnly spaced fibulae. the small pools with slightly acid pH (6-6,5) and low specilic conductance
middle twa sometimes a little bit more spaced than the athers. Each fibula lies at (80~S/cm).
the origin of at least twa striae with a trurd placed bctween these two striae. Distr.: Only known from Chile and Brazil (Krasske 1939).
Transapical striae quite visible in LM, 19-24 in lOJlrn. Remarks: Valves are larger than the ones described by Krasske (1939: 16-25~m)
Ecot: Only recorded in sail sample BAI05, taken from some cliffs near the and Lange-Bertalot & Moser (1994: 16-26~m) with more striae in 1O~m.
coastline. It is possible that it is a marine taxon, altbough no matching taxa bave
becn round in the literahlre.
Distr. So far, ollly found on Ile de la Possession. Opepltora Petit 1888
Nilzsc!lia aff. lubicola Grunow P1.J29/12-18 Opep/rara lIavealla Le Cohu Pl.lO/23-35
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) p.90 pl.64 ligs.I-16 in Le Cohu (1988) p.107 figs. 17-22, 26-33
Morph.: Valves lanceolate wilb sometimes parallel rnargins. Ends clcarly capitate Syn.: Fragilaria opephoroides Takaoo
(L 30-45~m, W 2-4~m, 10-13 libulae in lO~m). Fibulae irregularly placed on the Morph.: Valves variable in shape: from elliptical to lanceolate and even cuneate
capbe keel, usually the two in the middle are more spaced than the others. with sbarply rounded ends (L 5,9-9,4~m, W 2-3,I~m, 16-20 striae in lO~m).
Transapical striae almost nol visible in LM, 30-35 in lO~m). Striae altemate l parallel in the middle, slîghtly radiate near the ends. Axial area
Ecol.: Fairly comman in terrestrial masses (meau F-value 4,2 ± 1,4). Comman in linear to lanceolate. ln SEM view, the two apical porefields are quite distinct at
small, acid (5,2-6,6) pools with low specifie conductance «150~S/cm) and each valve end. The valve face is separated from the mantle by a small bar with
nutrient values (phosphate <0,03mg/I). simple linking spines. Striae are suuk below the virga level l interrupted by spines.
Distr.: First record for the (Sub-)Antarctic Region. Striae are composed of two rows of areolae l covered by an external membrane.
Remarl(s: The population observed on Ile de la Possession shows affinities with Ecol.: Only found in two smail pools and one larger lake in the Vallée des Géants
N. tub/cola but tbe spaeing and position of the middle libulae makes this with mean pH of 6,3 and a very high specifie conductance (>2000~S/cm). Also
identification somewhat unclear. Severa] valves however, have been observed observed attached to mosses growing in those waterbodies. No observations
with the middle fibulae not more spaced than the others, a feature that is made in soil sampies.
considered to be uncommon within N. tubicola. The affinity with N recta Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu 1988).
Hantzsch is doubtful due ta different dimensions (Iength, width, number offibulae Remarks: Often confused in counts with Staurosira pinnata. More
and striae in IO).lm). Therefare the connection with N {ubicola seems more morpbological details are given in Sabbe & Vyverrnan (1995).
logical. Detailed SEM-based comparisons between the Crozet-population and
what is believed to be true N tubicola should clarify this uncertainty.
Orthose;ra Thwailes 1849

Nupela Vyverman & Compère 1991 Orthoseira biportulata Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. PIAIl-8
Diagnosis: Valvae cylindricae formantes cateoas longas. Diameter 15-3S~m,
Nupela c/ri/ellsis (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot P1.34/1-14 altitudo limbi 4-8flm. Limbus valvae comparate parvus, clare punctatus areolis
in Krasske 1939 p.377 ligs.34&38; Lange-Bertalot & Moser (1994) p.75 pl.49 dispositis in seriebus rectis parallelisque. Spinac coocatenatae grandes adsunt et
ligs.I-6 clare visibiles in microscopio optico. Facies valvae ornameota areolis tenuibus,
Syn.: Anomoeoneis chilensis Krasske locatis in striibus radiatis. Series breviores pororum praesentes inter strias
 76 77

longiores. Area hyalina În centre faciei comparate grandis. Semper acurrate duae Pilllllluvis Okuno
carinoportulae praesentes.
Description.: Valves cylindrical, forming long chains (Diameter 15-3Srm, Pilllll/avis elegalls (W. Smith) Okuno P1.88/1-4,9
Mantle height 4-8JlIn, DiametcrlMantle bcight ratio <1). Valve mantle relatively in Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (2000) p.331 pl.158 figs.I-3
small. c1early punctated with areoJae arranged in parallel, straight rows. Linking Syn.: Navicula elegans W. Smith
spioes present and quite large. Clearly visible in LM. The valve face is Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianceolate \Vith subrostate to subacute ends (L 43-
omamented with fine areolae, located in radiate striae. Bet\vcen the longer striae, 5?llm, W 14-16Ilm, 12 striae in lOllrn). Axial area narrow, linear. Central area
shorter rows ofporoids are present. The pore-free acea in the middlc is larger and ahnost quadrangular to circular with a slightly raised central part. Raphe straight,
cantains always exactly 2 circular carinoportulae. filiform with clearly expanded central endings, bent to the same side. Tenninal
Holotype: CAS-220087 (Californiao Academy of Science). fissures hooked twice. Transapical striae coarse, curved ta sigmoid, radiate in the
Isotype: PLP-038 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4080 (National Hotanical middle, convergent near the poles.
Garden, Meise). Ecol.: Rare in soil samples wbere it seems to prefer acid, relatively dry «40%)
Type locallty: Vallée du Camp, lie de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample soils with very high chloride (up to 700mg/l) and pbosphate (up to 7mgl1)
HA208 (coll. date 21/02/2002). concentrations. Not found in moss and water samples.
Ecol.: Only found in one soil sample, taken from a small cavem in the vicinity of Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard
the base. PH of the sail sample almost circumneutral. Conductivity fairly high 1986), Campbell Island (Hickmann & Viti 1973).
(424 ~S/cm). Nutrient and salinity levels are low.
Distr.: First record for the Subantarctic Region. PilllUlavis gebhardii (Krasske) Van de Vijver nov. comb. P1.88/5-S
Remarks: This population of Ortllaseira is quite uniform but differs higbly from in Lange-Bertalot et al. (1996) p.1 13 pl.23 figs.5-6
the more corn mon O. roeseana Oarge spines visible in LM, oruy two B.sionym: Nov/cula gebllardii Krasske (1938) Arcb. Hydrobiol. p. 129 pl.11 fig.5
carinoportulae). Wc bclicve that is should be considered as a new species but Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianceolate with bluntly rounded ends (L 28-34~m,W 9-
further research will be necessary ta reveal its exact taxonomical position. lOllm, 13-15 striac in IOllm). Axial area very nalTOw, linear. Central area
staurofonn, sometimes bordcred by very short striae. The central part is
Ortllaseira raesealla (Rabenhorst) O'Meara PI.3I1-12 depressed, due ta two weakly raised parallel ribs, close to the valve margins.
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991 a) p.13 pl.! 0 figs.I-11 Raphe filifOlnl, slightly curved with clearly marked central pores and hooked
Syn.: Melosira roeseana Rabenhorst, M. roeseana var. epidendron (Ehrenberg) temlinal fissures. Transapical striae curved to sigmoid, convergent near the pales.
Grunow, M. roeseana var. spiralis (Ehrenberg) Grunow Eco!.: Found in several sail samples. Seems to prefer elevated salinity conditions.
Morph.: Valves cylindrical, fonning long chains (Diameter 1O-45~m, Manlle Dist!".: South Shetland Islands (Bjorck el al. 1991), James Ross Island (Bjorck el
height 5-10lJm, Diameter/Mantlc hcight ratio <1). Valve malll1t:: relatively small, al. 1996), Horscshoe Island (Wasell & Hakansson 1992, Wasell 1993).
clearly punctated with areolae ranged in paral1el, straight rows. Linking spines Remarks: Based on the characteristics of the axial area and the raphe endings,
present but relatively smaI!. The valve face is omamented with fine arcolae, this taxon clearly belongs ta the genus Pinnuavis.
located in radiate striae. Between the longer striae, shorter rows of poroids are
found. The pore-free area in the middle contains 3-5 rounded carinoportulae. Pilllll/avis gel/ustriata (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot & Krammer PI ,1 P1.88/10
Ecol.: Common in sail samples but never in high abundances. Prefers dry, in Denys & Carter (1989) p.9-19 figs.9-31
relatively acid soils with higher specifie conductance values and increased Syn.: Navicula genustriata Hustedt
nutrient input. ln water samples almost absent. In moss samples, only present in Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianceolate with bluntly rounded apices (L 30~m, W
dry masses. 8IJrn, 16 striae in lOJ-lm). Axial area narrow, tinear, central area transversely
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de el1iptical, ± symmetrical. Raphe straight, filiforrn with clearly marked central
Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001), Crozet (Pierre 1977), Soutb Shetland Islands (Bjôrck et pores, gently bent towards the distaff side. Transapical striae strongly radiate near
al. 1993), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997a). the central area, convergent towards the apices. In the middle part, several shorter
striae arc present.
Ecol.: Only found two hmes. No clear ecological data present.
Distr.: So far not recorded in the (Sub-)Antarctic Region.
 78 79

Pinnularia Ehrenberg 1843 Description: Dîffers From the nominate species by a more lincar valve outline
with less convex sides. Ends clearly capitate and UW ratio 7,4-8,5 (L 44-56flm,
Pilll,ular;a acidicola var. acidicola Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov. spec. W 6-7flm, Il striae in 10flm).
Pl.Il2II-1Q Holotype: CAS-220097 (Califomian Academy of Science).
Diagnosis: Valvae lineares marginibus leviter cOllvcxis ad linearis-eUipticus (in Isotype: PLP-048 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4090 (National Botanical
specirninibus maioribus) api ci busque protractis. Longirudo 24-401101, latitudo Garden, Meise).
4,5-?)lm, LongaeJlatae ratio 4,5-6,2. Area axialis angusta, dilatata ad aream Type locality: Ile de la Possession, Crozet Àrchipelago, Sample (coll. date).
centralem. Area centralis rhombica, formans fasciarn latam. Raphe filifonnis Ecot: Less common tban the nominate species. When present usually with higher
paris centralibus distinctis, JevÎter deflexis. Fissurae tenninales semi-circulares abundances (>25%). Similar ecological preferences as the nominate variety.
visibiles in microscopie optico. Striae transapicales parallelae ad leviter radiata~ Distr.: Similar to the nominate species.
in media parte valvae, convergentes ad polos. 11-12 in lOJ.lm. Lineae Remarks: Easily distinguished from the nominate species by its larger UW ratio.
longitudinales absunt. Valves appear usually much longer thao P. acidico/a.
Morph.: Valves linear with slightly convex sides ta linear-elliptical (in larger
fonns) with protracted ends (L 24-40flm, W 4,5-7flm, LIW ratio 4,5-6,2, 11-12 Pbwlliaria alpÙrifol'lllis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. :'. L PI.95/1-S
striae in lOj..lm). Axial acea narrow, widening towards the central area. Central Diagnosis: Valvae ellipticae apicibus obtuse, cuneatim rotundatis. Longitudo 50-
area rhomboid, fonning a large fascia. Raphe filifonn with distinct, weakly 75flm, latitudo 15-20flm. Area axialis lanceolata comparate lata, 1!2 latitudinis
deflccted central pores. Terminal fissures semi-circular, quite resolvable in LM). valvae extendens. Area centralis asymmetrice expansa, rotundata. Raphe
Transapical striae parallel to slightly radiate in the middle, convergent near the distincte lateralis. Fissura rapbis interna recta. Fissura externa raphis curvata.
pales. No longitudioal bands present. Pori centrales raphis guttifonnes. Fissurae tenninales falcatae. Striae
Holotype: CAS-220096 (Califomian Academy of Science). transapicales latissimae, radiatae, 4-5 in 10J.1m.
Isotype: PLP-047 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4089 (National Botanical Description: Valves elliptic with obtusely, cuneately'rounded ends (L 50-75J.1m,
Garden, Meise). W 15-20flm, 4-5 striae in 10flm). Axial area fairly broad, 112 of valve width,
Type locality: 1Ie de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample (coU. date). lanceolate, Central area asymmetrically expanded, rounded. Raphe clearly lateral
Ecol.: Quitc comman in aU habitats ranging from relatively wet (>60%) acid soils with straight inner raphe fissure and curved outer raphe fissure. Central raphe
to wet mosses (mean F-value 4, 1 ± 1,9) and acid pools and lakes with low specifie pores drop-Iike, Temlinal fissures sickle-shaped. Striae very broad, radiate,
conductance values «90flS/cm). Holotype: CAS-220086 (Califomian Academy of Science).
Distr.: So far only found on De de la Possession but it is possible that the species Isotype: PLP-037 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4079 (National Botanical
also occurs on Kerguelen and Heard Island (pers. ohservation). Garden, Meise).
Remarks: This new taxon and the newly dcscribcd varicty e/ongutu (~ee below) Type locality: Vallée du Camp, lie de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample
can be confused with severa] similar taxa. P. subcapitata Gregory has a different BAl08 (coll. date 21/0212002).
striation pattern, especially around the central raphe endings, The striae of P. Ecol.: Found once in a dry (mean moisture value 10%) sail of a cavern next ta the
acidicola are a lot shorter witb a very slowly i.llcreasing length towards the pales base, characterizcd by low nutrient conditions, a circumneutral pH and relatively
whereas P. subcapilata (and its variety e/ongala Krammer) have longer, more high salinity levels.
parallel striae near the valve middle. P. schroeterae Krammer is smaller with a Distr.: So far only known from De de la Possession.
more elliptical valve outline. Remarks: p, a/piniformis shows sorne resemblance to P. a/pina W, Smith and P.
sp/endida Hustedt. Compared ta P. a/pina, tbe taxon is much smaller witb a
PÎllIIlIlaria acidicola var. elollgata Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov. var. higber number of striae in 10J.1rn. It rnigbt be considered as a 'very smaU P.
PU 1211 1-18 a/pina '. P. sp/endida bas a different axial area. The irregular structures on the
Diagnosis: Di.ffert a specie nominata circumscriptione magis lineari marginibus valve face are absent.
minus convexis, Apices clare capitatae. Longaellatae ratio 7,4-8,5. Longitudo
44-56flm, latitudo 6-7flm, Il striae in 10flm. Piuulliaria a",ae Van de Vijver, Ledegeanck & Beyens nov, spec. PI.106l1-9
Diagnosis: Valvae lineares rnarginibus parallelis apicibusque late capitatis, clare
differentiatis a corpore valvae. Longitudo 40-50flm, latitudo l2-13flm. Area
 80 81

axialis angusta, Iinearis. Arca centralis rhornboidalis fascia lara. Raphe with rnarked, laterally bent central pores. Terminal fissures ?-shaped. Transapical
filifonnis, undulata. Terminationes centrales apicaliter dl1atatae poris rorundatis. striae weakly to moderately radiate in the middle, morc and more convergent
Fissurac tenninales paene rcetae. Striae transapicales moJcrate radiatac În media towards the poles. No longitudinallines.
parte valvae, fartirer convergentes ad apices, abrupte mutates directionem a media Holotypc: CAS-220090 (Californian Academy of Science).
valvae ad apices, 12-13 in lOllm. Isotype: PLP-041 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4083 (National Botanical
Description: Valves Iineae witb parallel margins and broad capitate ends, clearly Garden, Meise).
differentiated from tbe valve body (L 40-50~m, W 6-7~m). Axial area narrow, Type locality: Baie Américaine, lie de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample
linear. Central acea rhomboid with broad fascia. Raphe filiforrn, undulated. BA035 (coll. Date 14/11/1999).
Central cndings apically enlarged with rounded pores. Tenninal fissures almast Ecol.: Common in acid fresbwater habitats and wet soils wilh low «100~S/cm) 10
straight. Transapical striae moderately radiate in the middle, strongly convergent moderate (200-400flS/cm) specifie conductance values. Sometimes present in
towards the ends, abrupty cbanging direction balfway to tbe apices, 12-13 striae in enriched pools (influenced by elephant seals). Less common in mosses. No
lO~m. ecological differences have been found between the two morphotypes.
Holotype: CAS-220078 (Californian Academy of Science). Dislr.: Kerguelen (Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001).
Isotype: PLP-029 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4071 (National Botanical Remarks: The dimensions P. allgliciformis are smaller than P. anglica KIammer
Garden, Meise). as indicated in Krammer (2000). Tbe number of striae is likewise lower.
Type locality: Lapérouse, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample Therefore we consider this to he a separate species.
BM213 (coll. date 28/1211997).
Etymology: The specifie epithet amae Tefers to the first letters of Alfred Pilll/lliaria borealis var. .<calaris (Ebrenberg) Rabenborst PI.91/1-14
Schallenberg, Marianne Samson and André De Munck., whose assistance witb the in Krammer (2000) p.25 pl.8 figs.1 0-14
photography was indispensable for the success of this monography on the Morph.: Valves linear with broadly ronnded ends (L 38-50~m, W 7-8,5~m, 4-5
freshwater diatoms from ne de la Possession. striae in IOflm). Axial area narrow. Central area enlarged due to shortening of 1-
Ecol.: Gnly found in wet terrestrial moss samples from the area of Baie 2 pair of striae, but never fanning a fascia. Raphe filifonn to slightly IateraI,
Lapérouse, an area highly influenced by sea-spray and wind. No observations arcuate with clearly curved raphe branches in the middle. Central pores distinctly
were made in soil and waleT samples. expanded. TennÎnal fissures sickle-shaped. Transapical striae broad, parallel to
Distr.: So far only found on ne de la Possession. moderately radiate in tbe middle, parallel near the pores. No longitudinal lines.
Remarks: The structure of the striae resembles P. divergentissima Grunow, P. Ecol.: Quite common in dryroosses (mean F-value 4,6 ± 1,9) and dry soils. Less
simiiiformÎs Krammer and P. carterÎ KIammer. Sinee we found this taxon on common in open water habitats 5uch as lakes and rivers. Large tolerance towards
several locations, an eeological variety of one of these th.ree taxa seems not nutrients and salinity.
probable. The stmchlre of the raphe however excludes ail possible confusion and Distr.: Cummun in the cotire (Sub-)Antarctic Region, always reportcd as P.
justifies the creation of a new taxon. borealis s.l.
Remarks: It is possible that other varieties of P. borealis are present on Ile de la
PilUw/aria augliciformÎs Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. P1.10811-13 Possession but the delimitation of the different varieties is very difficult in sorne
Diagnosis: Valvae lineares marginibus parallelis apicibusque clare subcapitatis. populations. Therefore we decided not ta disti.l1guish other morphotypes or
Lengitudo 30-68flm, latitude 7-lOflm. Area axialis linearis, angusta. Area varieties and include ail valves in the var. sea/aris, the most widespread on the
centralis pro parte maxima fonnans fasciam asymmetricam, aliquando island.
interruptam a stria singula. Raphe filiformis poris centralibus notatis, lateraJiter
deflexis. Fissurae terminales similes signo interrogatione. Striae transapicales Pilllllllaria boftllÎca K.rammer P1.l02/1-11 (?12-15)
leviter ad moderate radiatae in media parte valvae. magis convergentes ad polos, in Krammer (2000) p.78 pl.16 figs.I-6
10-12 in 10~m. Lineae longitudinales absunt. Syn.: PÎnnularÎa lundii var. baltica Krammer
Description: Valves lincar with parallcl, straight sides and distinctly subcapitate MOI·ph.: Valves broadly elliptical-lanceolate with convex sides and broadly
ends (L30-68~m, W 7-IO~m, 10-12 striae in lO~m). Axial area Iinear, narrow. ronnded, sometimes protracted, ends (L 26-47~m, W 8,5-10~m, 13-15 striae in
Central area mostly fanning an irregular fascia, sometimes interrupted by a single lOJlm). Axial area narrow. slightly linear-Ianceolate, widening towards the
stria. Sometimes, the central area is ellipticai without a fascia. Raphe filifonn middle. Central area a broad fascia, enlarging towards the valve margins. Raphe
 82 83

filiform, weakly curved with c1early enJarged central pores. The terminal fissures Striae juxta tenninationes raphis abbreviantes ad apices. Striae transapicales
are strongly hooked. Transapical striae weakly radiate and even sinuous in the fortiter radiatae in media parte valvae, mutantes directionem ad polos, 10-11 in
middle, more and more convergent towards the apices. No longitudinallines. 10jlm. Lineae speciosae longitudinales nullae.
Ecol.: Locally comman in coastal pools, inOuenced by sea-spray, especially in the Description: Valves linear-Ianceolate with slightly convex to parallel margins.
area of Baie Lapérouse. In soils with higher salinity and nutrient values more The ends are wedge-shaped and acutely rounded (L 43-70f'm, W 7,S-IO,Sf'm, 10-
commOD, 11 striae in lOjlm). Axial area narrow, lin~ar, asymmetrically widening near the
Distr.: Kerguelen (as P. ko/bel but fig.S3 is clearly P. boltnlea) (Le Colm & middle to fonn a fascia-like, rhornboidal central area. Raphe straight with
Maillard 1986). rounded almost droplike central pores, close togcther. Tenninal fissures clcarly ?-
Remarks: The Crozet population is sligbtly larger, but naITower than the typical shaped, easily resolvable in LM. The striae near the tenninal raphe endings are
species as described in Krammer (2000). Still we believe that there are enough shortening towards the apices. Transapical striae strongly radiate in the middle,
points ofsimilarity to include this population in P. boltllica. changing direction towards the poles. No longitudinallines.
Holotype: CAS-220073 (Califomian Academy of Science).
\ D r Pillltularia carter; Krammer Pl.98/1-9 Isotypes: PLP-024 (University of AnlWerp, RUCA), BR-4066 (National
in Krammer (2000) pA8 pl.IS figs.3-4 Botanical Garden, Meise).
Syn.: Pillnularia similiformis sensu Krammer (1992) Type locality: Vallée des Branloires, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago,
Morph.: Valves linear-Ianceolate, slightly tumid in the middle with rounded sample BA070 (coll. date 28/11/1999).
capitate ends (L 3S-40f'm, W 4-Sf'm, 10-12 striae in 10f'm). Axial area Iinear, Eco!.: Fairly common in very wet (maisture >80%) acid soils with higher specifie
narrow. Central area a broad wedgeshaped fascia. Raphe fissures straight to conductance values and higher chloride-concentratians. Less common in water
slightty curvate with central endings undulate. Central pores droplike, close habitat and masses.
togcther. Tenninal fissures not always resolvable in LM, in SEM clearly Distr.: Probably also present on Kerguelen but due to sorne confusion with the
dellected. Transapical striae strongly radiate in the middle, abruptty changing to nominate species not clearly examined. On the Antarctic Peninsula (Van de Vijver
convergent towards the ends. No longitudinallines. & Beyens 1997b) a similar form was found. Further analysis should clarify
Ecol.: Common in relatively dry (±4S%), acid to slightly acid (pH S,8-6,8) soils whether wc are dealing with the same species.
with higher specific conductance content (up to 1000f'S/cm) and moderate Remarks: This species resembles clearly PÙmu/aria brebissonii but can easily be
nutrient conditions. Less common in mosses (mean F-value 4,2±2,3) but almost distinguisbed by the longer but narrower specimens, the less acute apiccs and the
absent in waterbodies. striae that clearly diminish in size towards the apices. Therefore we consider
Distr.: Due to the confusion with P. similiformis, records of P. carteri are unclear. thesc populations ta represent tmly a new species. In Van de Vijver & Beyens
Based on pictures, this taxon seemed to be recorded on Kerguelen (Van de Vijver (1998b, 1999a, 1999b) this species was split over the two former morphotypes 1
et al. 1998,2001) and on South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Bcyens (1997a). aud 5 (following KnllIll1u~r 1992) of P. brebissonii.
Remarks: Before the publication of the Pinnularia monogl'aph by Krammer \ '" l Jr
(2000) this taxon was included within P. similiformis and treated likewise in tbe Pilllrularia clllleoroslrala (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cohu DOV. stat.
publications of Ile de la Possession (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1998, 1999a, 1__ ( P1.96/12-20, 97/1-2
1999b). Ali slides with P. similiformis have been re-examined and apparentty Basionym: Pinllularia borealis var. cuneorostrala Manguin (1954) Mém. lnst.
they ail contained P. carleri. Bath taxa ean be distinguished by differences in Sci. Madagascar p36 piS figSO
width (smaller in P. carleri), outline and striation pattern (caarser in P. car/en). Morph.: Valves linear witb cuneately rounded, somewhat subrostrate ends (L 12-
36J.lIn, W 2,S-4,SJ-lm, 9-12 striae in 10J-lm). AXlal area narrow, tincaL Central
PilJlJUlaria crozet;; Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov. spec. P1.100/1-11 area a broad, symmetl;cal fascia. Raphe filifonn with clearly laterally deflected
Diagnosis: Valvae lineares-Ianceolatae marginibus leviter convexis ad parallelas. central endings and smaU pores. Terminal fissures ?- to weakly sickle-shaped.
Apices cuncati acuteque rotundati. Longitudo 43-70f'm, latitudo 7,S-10,Sf'm. Transapical striae almost parallel in the rniddle to convergent towards the poles.
Area axialis angusta, linearis, dilatans asymmetrica ad mediam partern valvae Ecol.: Rare, only found in higher abundances (4-S%) in so-called feil-field area,
foonans aream centralem rhomboidalem sirnilem fasciae. Raphe recta poris stony places lacking almost any vegetation caver. Moisture, specific conductance
celltralibus approximatis rotundatis ad fere guttifonnes. Fissurae tenninales clare and nutrient values are very low. pH 6,1-6,7.
formatae similes signa interrogationis, facile visibiles in microscopio optico.
 84 85

Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cobu & Maillard 1986, Van de Eco\.: Common in very wet (>85%) to semi-wet (50-60%) acid soils with higber
Vijver el al. 1998a). specifie conductance values (>600l-lS/cm). Rare in mosses and water sampIes.
Remarks: Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) described this taxon as a val'iety of P. Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard
borealis. The dimensions and the general valve outline justify however a separate 1986, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens
taxon. In fact, this taxon has more affinities with taxa 5uch as P. schimanskii 1997a), Macquarie Island (Bunt 1954), Crozet (Pierre 1977).
Krammer and P. incognita KIasske than with P. borealis. ft is however Dot Remarks: Highly variable taxon on Ile de Il). Possession. It is possible that further
conspecific with one of these taxa sinee the structure of the striae is somewhat rescarch will split the populations into severa! (new) taxa. Sometimes confused
different. Tberefore, wc change the status into a separate species. In Van de with P. acoricola Hustedt, present on Kerguelen but apparently not observed on
Vijver & Beyens (1998b, 1999b) it was confused with P.lagers/edlii (Cleve) Ile de la Possession.
Cleve-Euler and P. interlIIedia (Lagerstedt) Cleve.
Pbmularia divergentissima var. minor Krammer PI.99/28·39
Pi""uiar;a decrescens var. kerguelenellsis (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cobu in Krammer (2000) pA5 pUI figs.18-25
nov. comb. PI.lOl/I-5 Morph.: smaller than the nominate variety (L 17-26f1m, W 4-5f1m) with clearly
in Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) p.37 pL6 fig.59 capitate ends.
Basionym: Pinnularia subsolaris f. kerguelenensis Manguin in Baun'cUy & Eco),: Rare but present in srua1l, very acid oligotrophic pools with very low
Manguin (1954) Mém .. ~lSt. Sci. Madagascar Sér. B, V p37 fig59 specifie conductance values «60l-lS/cm). More common in wet, acid soils,
Morph.: Valves rhombic-Ianceolate with convex sides and broadly rounded, tolerating higher conductance values (>250f1SIcm).
weakly truncate ends (L 60-85f1m, W 13-15f1m, 10-11 striae in lOf1m). Axial area Distr.: RecenUy established taxon (Krammer 1992). Kerguelen (Van de Vijver el
linear-Ianceolate, widening towards the central area. Central area rhornbic to al. 1998a, 200\).
rhombic·elliptical. No fascia present. Raphe lateral with large, bent, central pores
and bajoneT-shaped tenninal fissures. Transapical striae radiate in the middle, Pilllwlaria dulcicola (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Colm nov. stat.
convergent towards the poles. No longitudinallînes. P!.9617-ll,97/3
Eco\.: Rare in relatively dry «50%), acid soil samples witb higher cbloride Basionym: Pinnularia quadratarea var. duldeola Manguin (1954) Mém. lnst.
contents. AImost absent in moss and freshwater samples. Sci. Madagascar p.36 p!.5 fig.55
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974), South Georgia (but Morph.: Valves linear witb parallel margins and obtusely rounded, not protracted
probably!his is the variety venlricosa, Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a). ends (L 30-40f1m, W 5-7f1m, 8-9 striae in 10f1m). Axial area narrow, straight.
Remarks: This taxon bears a large similarity with P. decrescens var. ventricosa Central area a broad, rectangular fascia. Raphe filifonn with deflected central
(Hustedt) Krammer but is a lot larger (60-85f1m vs. 55-68f1m) with less striae in endings and small central pores. Terminal fissures ?-shaped. Transapical striae
lOJlm. Reported in Van de Vijver & Beyens (subm.) as P. divergefls var. parallel throughout the entire valve.
deCl"escens (Grunow) Krammer (smaller valves) and P. krasskei var. ventricosa Eco!.: Rare in soil samples. In sample BA74 most of the valves have been found.
Hustedt (larger valves). The sample \Vas taken from a dry feIl-field area under sorne mosses.
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu & Maillard 1986)
Pimwlaria divergelltissilllQ Grunow var. divergelltissima PI.99/1-20 Remarks: Only the valve outline might justify the taxonornical position as a
in Krammer (2000) pA4 pl.11 figs.I-8 variety of P. quadra/area (A. Sclunidt) Cleve. The structure of the striae, the
Morph.: Valves linear-lanceolate with paratlel to weakly convex margins and structure of the raphe and the dimensions completely contradict this position.
obtusely rounded, sometimes subrostrate ends (L 20-4If1m, W 4-6f1m, 12-13 Therefore we decided to raise this taxon ta species level. ft bears sorne affinities
striae in IOllm). Axial area very narrow, linear. Central area a broad (sometimes \Vith taxa related to P. borealis, P. intermedia (Lagerstedt) Cleve and P.
asymmetrical) fascia. Raphe straigbt witb small central pores, c1early bent to one lagersledtii (Cleve) Cleve-Euler but there are sufficieat differences (number of
side. Terminal fissures ?-shaped. Transapical striae strongly radiate in the striae, valve outline) to justify a separate taxon.
middle, very convergent near the apices. Halfway in between valve middle and
apex, a sudden change in the direction of the striae is present with an acute angle
between the t\Vo parts.
 86 87

Pilmularia extralollga Van de Vijver, Beyens & Le Cohu nov. spec. Ecol.: Very rare on Ile de la Possession, found in several fairly dry (moisture
P1.l2012-4 <40%) soil samples bur only in very low frequencies «2%). Only 18 valves bave
Diagnosis: Valvae lineares ad lineari-Ianceolatas marginibus parallelis been found in moss and water sarnples. sa no clear ecological preferences eao be
apicibusque leviter cuneatim rotundatis. Longitudo 150-200)lm, latitudo 19- given.
25J.lffi. Arca axialis lineari-Ianceolata, moderate angusta, 114-1/5 latitudinis Dislr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin !954), Crozet (Pierre 1977), Neuquen
valvae extendens. Area centralis rhomboidalis fascia asymmetrica. Raphe recta, (Frenguelli 1942).
leviter lateralis. Pori centrales lateraliter deflecti, lacrimiformes. Fissurae Remarks: There has been a lot of confusion about the taxonomical position of
telmÎnales fonnatae similes P. viridis. Striae transapicales moderate radiantes in this large-sized taxon. Frenguelli (1942) described it as only a variety of a/pit/a
media parte valvae, parallelae ad convergentes ad polos, 6-7 in IOj.1m. Linea due to its size and the striation pattern but, as he stated, thcre are differences
speciosa longitudinalis angusta apparens. especially wben comparing the more Hnear valve outline. Pierre (1977)
Description: Valves linear to linear-lanceolate with parallel margins and slightly considered this taxon ta be a variety of P. lata (Brébisson) Rabenhorst, but he
cuneifonn ends (L 150-200j.lm, W 19-25j.lm, UW ratio ±7,8). Axial area linear- never argues why. After a thorough examination of valves that have been round
lanceolate, moderatcly narrow (1/4-1/5 of valve width). Central arca rhomhoid on Kerguelen and on Crozet. the original name of P. kerguelensis should be
with an asymmetrical fascia. Raphe straight, slightly lateral. Central pores maintained. This taxon is a lot smaller than P. alpilla W. Smith, has more striae
laterally deflected, teardrop-Iike. Terminal fissures viridis-like. Transapical in IOJlm and has different raphe structure. On the other hand, a transfer to P. tata
striae moderately radiate in the middle, parallel to convergent near the poles, 6-7 should also be avoided due to differences in shape (Iata is much more hnear). size
in lO~m. A narrow longihldinal band is present. (different UW ratio in lata) and raphe structure (especially the tenninal fissures).
Holotype: CAS-220074 (Californian Academy of Science).
lsotype: PLP-025 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4067 (National Botanical PilJ/lIllaria kalhei Manguin PU 03/1-9
Garden, Meise) . in Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) p.35 pl.5 fig.52
Type locaUty: Ruisseau de la Pompe, lie de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianceolate with c1early protracted, broadly rounded
Sample BM037 (coll. date 10/1211997). ends (L 42-54j.lm, W 1O-!2j.lm, 14 striae in 10j.lm). Axial area linear-Ianceo!ate,
Ecol.: Only found in one moss sample, submerged in a srnall pool with a pH value narrow. Central area a very large fascia, widening towards the valve margins.
of7,5 and a specifie conductance of95j.lS/cm. Raphe branches arcuate with large central pores. In SEM. central pores appear
Distr.: SA far only found on Ile de la Possession. triangular. IntemaHy, next to the central pores, two slÜ-like openings are present,
Remarks: P. extralonga differs from aIl other large Pinnularia-taxa by the identical to the ones in P. lut/dii Hustedt. The tenninal fissures are abruptly
combination ofsize, fascia and raphe structure. The name in intended to stress the hooked in the opposite direction of the central pores. Transapical striae radiate,
large size of this taxon since on the Subantarctic Islands, the general habitus of the convergent near the apices. No longitudinallines.
diatom flora is much smal1er. Ecol.: Fairly comman in soils influenced by Sorne sort of animal input. Common
taxon in penguin rookeries, characterized by higher nutrient conditions (phosphate
Pill1IU/aria kerglle/ellsis Heiden & Kolbe PI.89/1-5,90/1-2 and ammonium), higher salinity values and higher specifie conductance values.
in Frenguelli (1942) p.147 pl.3 fig.52 In open waterbodies only found in larger abundances (>10%) in a penguin pool
Syn.: Pinnularia lata var. kerguelensis (Heiden & Kolbe) Pierre, Pinnularia near a large macaroni penguin rookery.
alpina var. kerguelensis (Heiden & Kolhe) Frenguelli Dislr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard
Morph.: Valves Iinear-Ianceolate to linear-elliptical with keel-Iike rounded, 1986), Crozet (pierre 1977), Antarctic Peninsula (Van de Vijver & Beyens
sometimes even sligbtly cuneately fonned apices (L 80-130j.lm, W 22-32j.lm, 17- 1997b), Macquarie Island (McBride et al. 1999).
22 striae in 50~m). Axial area narrow (±l/6 of valve width), tinear. Central area' Remarks: Might be confused with P. /undii Hustedt or (the newly created) P.
elliptical asymmetrically expanded. Rapbe distinctly lateral with curved outer bottnica K.rammer but can easily be distinguished by its shape (rostrate, protracted
branches. Central pores large, droplike. Tenninal fissures sickle-shaped. ends).
Transapical striae strongly radiate, smaUer in the middle. Striae more and more
convergent towards the poles. Unmistakable taxon due ta its size and shape. No Pilllllllaria /aperollsei Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. PI.104/1-S
longitudinal lines. Diagnosis: Valvae lineares marginibus leviter convexis apicibusque obtuse
rotundatis, leviter protractis. Longitudo 44-55j.lm, latitudo 8-10j.lm. Area axialis
 88 89

angusta, Iinearis. Arca centralis fascia 1ata. Raphe filifonnis, levitcr curvata poris Etymology: The specifie epithet refers to my dear friend Prof. em. Dr. René Le
centraUbus parvis sed qistinctis fissurisque terminalibus magis unciformibus. Cohu (Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse) whose enthusiasm and great
Striae transapicales radiantes in media parte valvae, parallelae ad moderate knowledge on Subantaretie diatoms. especiat1y from Kerguelen, inspired and
convergentes ad polos, t 0-11 in IOlJrn. Lineae longitudinales abstint. belped me a lot.
Description: Valves lioeae with weakly convex margins and obtusely rounded, Ecol.: Common but ooly in low numbers «5%) in ail kinds of terrestrial habitats
slightly protracted ends (L 44-55~m, W 8-10~m). Axial area narrow, linear. rangiog from wet mosses (F-valne <V) to wet (>80%) and semi-wet (50-60%)
Central acea a broad fascia. Raphe filiform, weakly curved with small, but aeid soils.
distinct central pores and large, comma-shaped terminal fissures. Transapical Distr.: Only found on Ile de la Possession.
striae radiate in the middle, parallel to moderately convergent near the poles, 10- Remarks: Unmistakable due to its size, the number of striae and the distinct rapbe
Il in 1O~m. No longitudinal bands present. strucrure.
Bolotype: CAS-220081 (Califomian Academy of Science).
Isotype: PLP-032 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4074 (National Botanical Pimllliaria m;crostaliTOII (Ehrenberg) Cleve var. microstauro" PI.112122-23
Garden, Meise). in Krammer (2000) p.73 pl.50 figs.I-50
Type locality: Baie de La Pérouse. ne de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago. Morph.: Valves linear to linear-Ianeeolate with slightly protraeted to wedge-
Sample BM216 (coll. date 28/1211997). shaped ends (L 28-40~m, W 6~m, 12-13 striae in lO~m). Axial area narrow,
Ecol.: Only found in the vicinity of Baie Lapérouse where it was abundantly tinear with acute ends. Central area asymmetrical. rhomboid to rounded, fonning
present in wet terrestrial moss samples. an asymmerrical fascia. Raphe filîform straight. sometimes weakly arcuate, with
Distr.: Only found on ne de la Possession. ?-shaped tenninal fissures. Central pores sligbtly dcflected, drop-like. Transapical
Remarks: Can be confused with P. bottnica KIammer and P. ka/bei Manguin but striae moderately radiate in the middle, convergent towards the poles. No
sufficiently diftèrs by its size. more elongate valve outline and the number of longitudinal lines.
striae. Ecol.: So far only fonnd in one sample (BW31O), an "cid swampy area with low
specifie conductance vaInes « 90~S/cl11).
PÙlJruial'ia lecohlli Van de Vijver nov. spec. PI.117/1-3, 118/1-4, 120/1 Distr.: Widespread in the entire (Snb-)Antarctic Region.
Diagnosis: Valvae lineares marginibus paral1elis apicibusque late rotundatis. Remarks: Duc to confusion with P. pisciculus, P. biceps, P. anglica and P.
Longitudo 75-130~m, latitndo l4-18~m. Arca axialis moderate angusta, 113 rhombarea var. serrata, the presence of this taxon on Ile de la Possession is badly
latitudinis valvae extendens. Arca centralis rhomboidalis, fascia reetangulariter known. Further observations will he necessary to better understand its occurrence
symmetrica. Raphe anguste lateralis, recta pOlis centralibus magnis, lateraliter on the island.
flexis, lacrimaeformibus. Fissurae tennÎnales formatae similes P. vit/dis. Striae
trnllsapienles leviter radiantes in media parte valvac, convergentes ad api ces, 8-9 Pimruia";a cf. lIIicrostauTOfl va... /lou/asdata K.rammer PLl09/22-23
in IOlllTI. Linea speciosa longitudinalis moderate lata apparens. in Krammer (2000) p.74 pl.52 figs.l-13
Description: Valves linear with parallel margins and broadly rounded ends CL 75- Syn.: Pinnu/aria micrastauI'on morpho 2 sensu K.rammer (1992)
130~m, W 14-18~m, UW ratio 5-7). Axial area moderately narrow, 113 of valve Morph.: Differs from the nominate species by lacking almost completely a fascia.
width. Central area rhomboid with a symmetrical. rectangular fascia. Raphe Il is possible tbat sorne striae in the middlc are absent. (L 25-33~m, W 6-8flm,
narrowly lateral, straight witb large, laterally bent teardrop-Iike central pores and 12-13 striae in lO~m).
viridis-like terminal fissures. Transapical striae weakly radiate in the middle. Eeol.: Fairly eommon in wet, acid soils with moderate nutrient (bath phosphate
convergent near the api ces. 8-9 striae in IOllm. Moderately large 10ngirudinal1ine and ammonium), higher chloride (>25mgll) and bigber specifie conductance
present. (>350~S/cm) values. Due to confusion witb P. anglica, the ecologieal
Holotype: CAS-220075 (Califomian Academy of Science). preferences in freshwater and moss samples needs to be re-examined.
lsotype: PLP-026 (University of AnlWerp, RUCA), BR-4068 (National Botanical Distr.: The distribution for this variety is hard to give sinee usually only P.
Garden, Meise). microstauran is mentioned and no separation between the different varieties (or
Type localily: Pointe Basse (Grande Conlée), ne de la Possession, Crozet former morphotypes) is made. On Kerguelen we are certain that var. nanfasciata
Archipelago, Sample BM282 (coll. date 04/01/1998). is present after re-examining several slides.
 90 91

Remarks: The observed specimens always had a lower width than the valves Dis!r.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard
described in Krammer (2000). Still we believe that the Crozet populations belong 1986, Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens
to tbis variety of P. microstauron. The ooly possible confusion cauld be made 1997a), Antarctic Peninsula (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997b), South Shetland
with P. allg/ica morpho 1 Ktammer but these valves are always larger and broader. Islands (Bjorck et al. 1993, Kawecka et al. 1998), Macquarie Island (McBride et
al. 1999).
Pi""ularia microstauroll var. rostrata KIammer PI.IIl/II-16
ln Krammer (2000) p.74 p1.5l figs.8-18 pi",,"!aria pel'acumillata Krammer Pl.ll611·3
Morph.: Differs from the nominate spccies by the more rostrate ends (L 22- in Krammer (2000) p.157 pl. 142 figs. 1-1 0
32~m, W 5-6~m, 13-15 striae in lO~m). Morph.: Valves Iinear with parallel margins and cnneately rounded ends (L 37-
Ecol.: Rare, ooly found in sorne freshwater samples. Absent in soils and masses. 84)lm, W 10-131101, UW ratio 5,4-6,3, 10-11 striae in lOJlm). Axial acea narrow,
Distr.: The distribution for this variety is hard ta give sinee usually -ooly P. acute towards the ends (±1/4 of valve width). Central area rhomboid to elliptical,
microstaurOIl is mentioned whilc tbis variety has ooly recently becn described asymmetrical. Raphe moderately lateral with laterally bent drop-like central
(Krammer 2000). pores, relatively close together. Terminal fissures 'viridis '-like (Krammer (2000).
Remarks: Although the ohsctvcd population has smaller individuals than given Transapical striae slightly radiate in the middle, parallel to convergent towards the
by Krammer (2000), we still believe tbat tbey belong ta the variety rostrata. apices. A narrow longitudinal band is present and weIl resolvable in LM.
Ecol.: Rare taxon, although present in ail habitat types. Prefers very wet (>80%)
P;lJlJu!ar;a lIeomajor Krammer Pl.ll9/1.2 acid soils, wet masses and circumneutrai to slightly alkaline pools and lakes, with
in Krammer (2000) p. 165 pl. 172 figs.l-4 high specifie conductance vaiues (>IOOO~S/cm).
Morph.: Valves Iinear, slightly swollen in the middle with broadly rounded ends Distr.: First record from the Subantarctic Region.
(L 1 16-196~m, W l6-25~m, 6-8 striae in lO~m). Axial area large (almost 1/3 of Remarks: Previously reported from Ile de la Possession as P. rupestris Hantzsch
valve widtb), linear-Ianceolate. Central area indistinct or slightly asymmctrical. (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1998b, 1999a&b). Recenily established taxon (based
Raphe lateral with undulating branches. Central pores almost rounded, laterally on a variety of P. rupestris).
bent, close together. Terminal fissures 'viridis' -Iike (Krammer 2000).
Transapical striae weakly radiate in the middle, parallel to (sometimes) PbwlI!aria aff. perirrorata Krammer P1.96121·30
convergent near the pales. SmaU longitudinal band present. in Krammer (2000) pAl pI.I 7 figs. 11-22
Ecol.: Very rare taxon. Several valves have been found in sorne drier sail Morph.: Valves rhombic-Ianceolate with protracted, broadly rounded ends,
sampies. sometimes even slightly subcapitate (L 13-20~m, W 2-3flm, 20-24 striae in
Distr.: Unknown due ta confusion with P. viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg. P. lOllm). Axial area moderately braad, widening towards the central area. Central
neomajor is a recently established taxon (Krammcr 1992). area large, rhombic with a typical fascia. Raphe filifonn with straight (!) central
endings and small but distinct porcs. Terminal fissures quite distinct. Transapical
Pillllularia obscura Krasske PI.1II/17-21 striae moderately radiate in the middle, more convergent near the apices. Central
in Krammer (2000) p.50 pU3 figs.lO-27 area can be bordered by shortened striae but this is not always the case.
Morph.: Valves linear-elliptical with convex sides and broadly rounded, Ecol.: Fairly common in larger acid lakes but also in small, slightly acid pools
somelimes slightly subrostrate ends (L 13-26~m, W 3,5-4,5~m, 11-12 striae in with 10w specifie conductance values. Also present in terrestrial mosses and
IOl1m). Axial area narrow, Iinear. Central area large, forming a broad fascia. relatively wet (50-75%) acid soils. Nutrient values always low.
Raphe filifonn, slightly detlected in the middle with small central pores, close Distr.: Due to confusion with P. si/l'ariea unclear.
together. Terminal fissures ?-shaped but hard to resolve in LM. Transapical Rernarks: Usually identified on Ile de la Possession as P. silvatica Petersen. The
striae moderately radiate in the middle becoming strongly convergent towards the valves found on the island show affinities to perirrorata and are identified now
ends. No longitudinal bands present. likewise. However, there are still sorne differences, e.g. the central raphe endings
Ecol.: Common in relatively dry «45%), acid soils with higher specific are different and do not show the typical curving. The dimensions (length, width
conductance values (>500~S/cm). Prefers also drier mosses (mean F-value and number of striae in 10)lm) are also a lot smaller than the original description
4,5±1,7). Less frequently observed in water habitats such as lakes and rivers. in Krammer (2000).
 92 93

Pilllllliaria pelersellii Krammer & Lange-Bertalot P1.96/1-6 consisting almost purely of volcanic sand was influenced by sea-spray. Rare in
in Krammer (2000) p.32 pl.18 figs.I-4 typicaJ water habitats such as rivers and Jakes. ln masses, both \Vet (F-value <JIl)
Morph.: Valves Iinear-elliptical witb convex sides and broadly rounded ends CL and dry (F-value >VI) mosses were inhabitcd.
24-34~m, W 5,5-7,5~m, 10-11 striae in lO~m). Axial area relatively large, Distr.: Kerguelen (Van de Vijver e/ al. 1998a, 2001), South Georgia (Van de
widening from the poIes towards the middle of the valve. Central area a Vijver & Beyens 1997a). Other records possibly included in the records of P.
rectangular fascia. Raphe filifoml, curved with distinct central pores. Tenninal borealis s.l..
fissures bent to one side. Transapicai striae almast parallel in the middlc, Rernarks: Fig5 on Plate 84 represents cl very long specimen that shows ail
convergent near the pales. No longitudinal lines present. features of P. rabenhorstii but has a length of 123~m which is approx. 25%
Ecol.: Only present in one soil sample, taken from a sballow cave in the vicinity longer tban the description in Krammer (2000). It is possible that it should be
of Pointe Basse. The accompanying diatom flûTa points to increased salinity input included within rabenhorstii.
(it is possible that the cave is used as a shelter by marine birds).
Distr.: So far anly found on ne de la Possession but since tms is a recentIy Pimwlaria rabe"horstii var.frallcollica Krammer P1.94/1.-4 (?5~6)
established taxon (Lange-Bertalot & Genkal 1999), records may be included in Krammer (2000) p.22 pl.5 figs. 5-9
within similar taxa. Morph.: Similar to the nominate variety but smaller (L 70-80~m, W 12-14~m, 4-
5 striae in 1O~m) \Vith a different lJW ratio (± 5,6 vs. 4,5 in var. rabenhorstii).
Pimmlaria pisciculus Ehrenberg Pl.lll/1-7 Ecol.: Gnly found in one dry soil sample taken from a stony surface covered with
in Krammer (2000) p.1 08 pl.85 figs.19-26 smail mosses.
Syn.: Pillnlllaria anglica Krammer morphotype 3 Distr.: Since this taxon bas only been recently established, no records so far can
Morph.: Valves linear with straight sides and protracted (sometimes capitate) be made. It is possible that sorne valves from Kerguelen appear ta this taxon.
ends (L 30-50~m, W 6-7~m, 13 striae in lO~m). Axial arca narrow, linear.
Central area rhombic, fonning a broad fascia. Raphe filiform with drop-like Pi""lIiaria rabellhorstii l'ar. raphecllrvata Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. vaf.
central pores, clearly deflected towards the ventral side. Terminal fissures ?_ p1.94n-9
shaped. Transapical striae radiate in the middle, convergent ta even slightly Diagnosis: A vaf. rabenhorstii differt dimensionibus (60-7 1JlO1 longae, 10-14IJ m
sinuous near the pales. No longitudinal lînes. latae, 3-4 striae in 10Jlm) et rapbe magis curvata.
Ecol.: Fairly common in terrestrial masses and relativeJy dry soils. Description: Differs from the var. rabenhorstii by its smaller size CL 60-71~lm,
Distr.: So far not reported from the (Sub-)Antarctic Region. Probably sorne W 1O-14~m) and the lower number ofstriae (3-4 in lO~m). The raphe is strongly
records of P. anglica might in fact be P. pisciculus. curved.
Remarks: Confused with P. lIlicros/auron (Ehrenberg) Cleve in Van de Vijver & Holotype: CAS-220076 (Californian Academy of Sciences).
Beyens (1998b, 1999a, 1999b). Isutype: PLP-027 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4069 (Narional Bot.uical
Garden, Meise).
Pimmlar;a rahen/torstii (Grunow) Krammer var. raben/torstii PI.92/1-4,(?5) 6-10 Type locality: Vallée des Branloires, ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago,
in Krammer (2000) p.22 pl.5 figs.l-4 Sample BA74 (coll. date 28/11/1999).
Syn.: Pinnularia borealis var. thuringiaca (Rabenhorst) Krammer, Pinnularia Ecol.: Present in dry soi! samples.
lata var. /huringiaca (Rabenhorst) Mayer Distr.: Goly found on Ile de la Possession.
Morph.: Valves linear with paralJel rnargins and broadly rounded, sometimes Remarks: This new variety can easily be distinguishcd from the other P.
slightly subrostrate ends (L 60-95~m, W 15-J8~m, 5-6 striae in lO~m). Axial rabenhorstii-varieties due to the clearly curved raphe.
area very narrow, linear. Central arca rounded, asymmetrical in the middle due ta
the shortening of sorne striae on one side. Raphe rnoderately lateral, slightly Pilllwlaria l'abelllrorstii var. subaJJtarctica Van de Vijver & Le Cobu nov. var.
arcuate. Central pores curved ta one side, rounded. Temlinal fissures sickle- P1.93/1-1O
sbaped. Transapical striae broad, radiate in the middJe, parallel ta convergent Diagnosis: A var. rabenhorstii differt dimensionibus (40-58~m longae, 12-14
near the apices. No longitudinallines. latae, 5~6 striae in JOJlO1) et apicibus magis rotundatis.
Ecol.: Common but in low frequencies in soil samples and drier mosses. Highest Description: Differs frorn the nominate variety by its smaller size and tbe more
abundances were reached in soil samples near the coastline where the soil, rounded, less subrostrate apices.
 94 95

Holotype: CAS-220077 (Califomian Academy of Sciences). Pinllularia 8agittifol'mis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. Pl.IOS/l-7
Isotype: PLP-028 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4070 (National Botanical Diagnosis: Valvae lanceolatae apicibus subcapitatis cuneateque rotundatis.
Garden, Meise). Longitudo 20-37Ilm, latitudo 4-7~m. Area axialis angusta, linearis. Area centralis
Type locality: Vallée des Branloires, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, rhombica, fascia lata. Raphe filifonnis paris centralibus distinctis leviterque
Sample BA038 (coll. date 1411111999). curvatis. Fissurae tenninales fonnatae similes signa interrogationis. Striae
Eco!.: Fairly cornmon in dry soil samples, influenced by s'ea-spray. Rare to transapicales moderate·radiantes in media parte valvae, convergentes ad polos, ] 7-
almast absent in moss samples and water sampi es from lakes and rivers. 20 in 10JLm. Linea speciosa longitudinalis àbest.
Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cobu personal observation). Description: Valves lanceolate with subcapitate, cuneately rounded ends. Lcngth
Rernarks: Easily separated from the var. rabenhorstii by its srnaller length but 20-37I1m. Width 4-7Ilm. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area rhombic with a
almast simîlar width, and the more rounded and less subrostrate api ces. Differs large fascia. Raphe filiforrn with slightly bent, distinct central pores. Terminal
from P. borealis by ils larger width. Krammer (2000) argoes that P. rabenhorstii fissures ?-shaped. Transapical striae moderately radiate in the middle, convergent
and P. borealis can be distinguished based on the valve widtb. lowards the pales, 17-20 in 10Mm. No longitudinal bands.
Holotype: CAS-220082 (Califomian Academy of Science).
Pblllularia rhombarea var. sen'ota Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. var. Pl.llOIl-S [sotype: PLP-033 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4075 (National Botanical
Diagnosis: Var. rhombarea magnopere similis, sed distinguenda proprie latitudine Garden, Meise).
semper minore (9,3-12,7I1m versus 13,4-15Ilm in var. rhombarea), fissuris Type locality: Crique du Sphinx, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago,
terminalibus magnis numeroque striarum mai ore, 11-13 in 10JLrn. Sample BAI05 (coll. date 01/12/1999).
Description: Width srnaller than in the nominate varicty. The terminal fissures are Ecol.: Rare. Only found on the type locality, a sail sample taken from a bare,
quite large and therefore good resolvable in LM. Nurnber of striae in IOllm larger relatively dry (±52%) sail.
than the nominate variety. Distr.: So far only found on Ile de la Possession.
Holotype: CAS-220079 (Califomian Academy of Science).
[sotype: PLP-030 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-40n (National Botanical Pilllllliaria scl,oenfelderï Krammer Pl.lli/S-IO
Garden, Meise). in Krammer (2000) pAO pU 0 figs.18-27
Type Locality: Pointe Basse (Grande Coulée), Ile de la Possession, Crozet Syn.: Pinnularia microstauron var. brebissonii f. diminuta Hustedt
Archipelago, Sample BAOJO (coll. date 03/01/1998). Morph.: Valves linear ta Iinear-elliptical with obtusely ronnded, slightly
Morph.: Valves tinear with parallel to weakly convex margins and broadly sllbrostrate ends (L 21-28Mm, W 4-6Mm, 14-17 striae in 10Mm). Axial area
rounded, rostrate apices (L 48-83Mm, W 9,3-12,7Mm, 11-13 striae in 10Mm). Axial narrow, tinear. Central area rhornboid, forrning a broad, usually symmetrical
area narrow, \in car. Central area rhomboid, clearly asyrnmetrical, with a broad fascia. Raphe filiform with lateraUy bent small central pores and ?-shaped
fascia. Raphe weakly lateraI with large teardrop-shaped central pores, laterally terminal fissures, not al ways resolvable in LM. Transapical striae radiate in the
defiected. Tenninal fissures large, 7- ta sickle-shaped, good resolvable in LM. middle, more parallel ta convergent towards the poles. No longitudinal !ines
Transapical striae radiate in the middle, convergent towards the apices. A single present.
stria is sometimes present in the middle of the valve. No longitudinal lines Ecol.: Only fnund in very low ahundances (total of 13 valves) in several sail
present. samples. Tberefore a dear view on the ecological preferences is not possible.
Eeol.: Frequently found (Iow abundances) in acid, relatively dry (40-60%) sail Distr.: Kergoelen (Bollrrelly & Mangoin 1954, Le Cohu & Maillard 1996), Sonth
samples with higher specifie conductance values (>300IlS/cm). Prefers also Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a).
electrolyte enriched lakes, close to the sea. Rare in masses.
Distr.: Sa far only found on Ile de la Possession. PÙwlllaria slIbantarctica (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov. stat. nov.
Remarks: This new variety might be included within the var. rhombarea but nom. PI.I13/1-S
based on several features, we decided ta separate these two varieties. The raphe is Basionym: Pinl1ularia microstauron var. austraUs Manguin (1954) Mém. Inst.
clearly visible in LM, a characteristic not shared by the var. rhombarea. Together Sci. Madagascar p.36 p1.5 fig. 53
with the smaller width and the higher number of striae, the creation of the new Morph.: Valves linear to Iinear-Ianceolate with convex margins and broadly
variety sen'ata can be justified. rounded, slightly sllbrostrate ends (L 47-80Mm, W 10-12Mm, 15-17 striae in
10Ilm). Axial area narrow, linear. Central area an asymmetrical, almost
 96 97

rectangular, fascia. Raphe narrowly lateral with slightly dellected enlarged Morph.: Valves ]inear with almost parallel margins and obtusely rounded ends
central pores. Terminal fissures sickle-shaped. Transapical striae almast parallel (L45-70~m, W 8-12~m, 12-14 striae in lO~m). Axial area moderately hroad,
to weakly radiate in the middle. complctely parallel towards the apices. The linear. Central area asymmetrically enlarged, more elliptical at the side of the
chambers in the striae are quite resolvable in LM. central pores. Raphe moderately lateral with bent central endings and distinct
Ecol.: Rare on ne de la Possession. Found in wct masses and circumneutral to central pores. Terminal fissures ?-shaped. Transapical striae s1ightly radiate in
alkaline soil samples, influenced by sea-spray or marine animaIs (higher specifie the middle, parallel t6 convergent towarQs the poles. A longitudinal band is
conductance and chloride values). present.
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bonrrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Ecol. Rarely round in larger, weakly alkaline lakes witb low specifie conductance
Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001). values. Almost absent in soil and (wet) moss samples.
Remarks: Manguin described this taxon as a variety of P. microstauron. Distr.: So far only found on lie de la Possession.
However, the latter completely lacks the chambers in the striac l a fcatures that is
quite obviously present in the former var. subantarctica and al50 in the var. pilllwlaria vatU Van de Vijver & Seyens nov. spec. PI. 107/1-12
elongata (see below). Sinee no other taxon seems to present the same Diagnosis: Valvae !ineares marginibus recris apicibusque late rotundatis clareque
combination of characteristics, we decided to take the var. suhafltarctica and the capitatis. Longirudo 4S-60llm, latitudo 7,S-1O,5Ilm. Area axialis angusta, Iinearis,
var. e/ol1gata out of P. microstauron and create a new taxon P. australis to dilatans in media. Area centralis formans fasciam latam. Una vel plures striae
accommodate these two taxa. The dimensions, given in Bourrelly & Manguin aliquando praesentes in media parte fasciae, reducentes formam fasciae. Raphe
(1954) have to be adjusted sillce after a thorough exarnination of P. subanlarctica, filiformis poris centralibus guttifonnibus, deflexis lateraliter. Fissurae terminales
valves can he longer and wider. Records of P. circumducta Manguin should a1so similes signa interrogatione. Striae transapicales radiatae in media parte valvae,
be included within P. suhantarctica. The raphe structure, as observed by convergentes ad polos, 12-14 in IOllm. Lineae longitudinales absunt.
Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) can not he confirrned with SEM data from Ile de la Description: Valves linear with straight sides and broadly rounded, ciearly
Possession. Therefore, we believe that observations of P. circumducta on ne de la capitate ends (L45-60~m, W 7,5-10,5~m 12-14 striae in lO~m). Axial area
Possession are in fact longer valves of P. austraUs. narrow, linear, widening in the middle. Central area a broad fascia. One or more
striae sometimes present in the middle of the fascia, reducillg its size. Raphe
Pilllllliaria suballtarctica var. elollgata filiform with drop-shaped, laterally bent central pores. Terminal fissures ?-shaped.
(Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cobu nov. comh. PI.I 1411-1 1 Transapical striae radiate in the middle. convergent near the poles. No
Basionym: Pinnu!aria microstauron var. elongaw Manguin (l954) Mém. Inst. longitudinal lines.
Sei. Madagascar p.36 pl.5 fig.54 Holotype: CAS-220091 (Californian Academy of Science).
Morph.: Similar to the nominate variety hut smaller ('more elongate') with a Isotype: PLP-042 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4084 (National Botanical
more linear valve outline (L 30-65~rn, W 6-7,5~m, 14-15 striae in IOJ.1m). Garden, Meise).
Therefore the I.JW ratio is different from var. subantarctica (6,7-8,8 in var. Type locality: Vallée des Branloires, Ile de la Possessioll, Crozet Archipelago,
elongata vs. 4,4-5,5 in var. subantarctica) Sample BWI54 (coll. date 19/1211997).
Ecol.: Conunon in nu trient and salinity enriched areas, especially in penguin Etymology: This taxon is named after aU the VATs (Volontaires à Aide
rookeries where this taxon fonus a typical community with Lwieo/a mutica s.l. Technique) who gave us a lot ofhelp during our stays on Ile de la Possession.
and P. Iwlbei Manguin. Ecol.: Common in many freshwater samples, usually in fairly high frequencies
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard (>lO%). Seems to prefer acid, oligatrophic pools with low specifie conductance
1986, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001), South Orkney Islands (OppeIlheim 1990, values «IOO~lS/cm).
Oppenheim & Greenwood 1990), Antarctic Peninsula (Van de Vijver & Beyens Distr.: Sa far only found on lie de la Possession.
1997b), Macquarie Island (McBride el al. 1999). Remarks: Although undulate valves probahly helonging to P. biceps Gregory
Remarks: See P. subantarctica var. subantarctica. could be found, they have never been observed in the Crozet populations. The
valves are usually smaUer than the description given in Krammer (2000) for P.
Pilllllliaria subcommutata Krarnmer P1.11511-7 biceps. P. anglica, also found on the island, possesses less capitate ends and is
in Krammer (2000) p.140 pl.l19 figs.I-5 usually smaller, compared to P. vatif.
 98 99

Pi""ularia viridifol'lllis K.rammer Pl.121/1 ~3 most of it Iike a smaH roof, opening towards the valve margin. Axial area mucb
in Krammer (2000) p.167 p1.161 figs.I-4 wider than on the raphid valve.
Morph.: Valves Iinear with parallel margins and rounded, sometimes sligbtly Ecol.: Very common in wet mosses (mean F-value 3.8±1,5), fairly cornmon in
cuneate ends (L 90-llOflm, W 14-15flm, 8-9 striae in 1011ln). Axial area linear- small brooklets with a lot of submerged vegetation. In soils, the taxon seems to
lanceolate, relatively large (1/4 tbe widtb of the valve). Central area prefer wet, acid soils with higber specifie conductance values (up to 350flS/cm).
asymmettical, rounded-elliptical, sometimes apically slightly elongated. Raphe Dislr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cobu & Maillard
lateral to semi-complex, undulating. Central endings laterally beut with srnall 1983, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001), Macquarie Island (McBride el al. 1999).
pores. Tenninal fissures sickle-sbaped ('viridis'-likc (Krammer 2000». 1.-
Transapicai striae weakly radiale in the middle, paraUel (sometimes convergent) Planothidium Cyc/op/IOYlim (Heiden) Van de Vijver nov. comb. PI.23/1·6.24/6-7
towards the poles. Narrow to moderately wide longitudinal bands present. Basionym: Achllalllhes cyelophora Heiden in Simonsen (1992) Bibl. Diatom. p.64
Ecol.: Fairly common in larger, acid, oligotrophic lakes with low' specifie pl.62 figs.7-l1 {I(' 4-I.LI JILL('
conductance values «1 OOj.!S/cm). Rare in moss vegetations and soil samples. Syn.: Ac/UTantlles lanceolata var. lanceolatoides (Sovereign) Reimer, AcJmanthes
Distr.: Due to confusion with P. viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg, the aIder records are lanceo/aloides Sovereign, Planothidium lanceo/atoides (Sovercign) Lange-
l'lll
quite unreliable. Tt is possible, and even more likely, that viridiformis is quite Bertalot
common in the Subantarctic Region: Kerguelen (Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, Morph.: Valves elliptical-lanceolate witb rounded rostrate apices (L 23-30flm, W
2001), Soutb Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a). 9-10,5flm, 14-16 striae in 10flm)._Striae are composed of 3-4 rows of areolae.
Remarks: After a re·examination of the largest P. viridis-valves in the Crozet RV: axial area fairly narrow, linear. Central area large, rectangular. bordered by
samples. apparently all belonged to P. viridiformis 50 fonner records of P. viridis an irregular (2-5) number of shorter striae (irregularity even within the same
on Crozet should be considered as large viridiformis valves. valve). Raphe straigbt. ARV: cbaracterized by a typical U-shaped sinus (present
in the entire A. lanceo/ata complex), interrupting the nom13] striation pattern.
PilJIIlIiaria viridiformis var. mi"or Krammer Pl.12'lJ1-4 lntemaHy (SEM view) this sinusoidal marking appearS as a circular depression.
in Krammer (2000) p.168 p1.138 figs.I-5 Ecol.: CommonJy reported from small, sligbtly acid pools witb low specifie
Morph.: Similar to the nominate species but smaller (L 80-95flm W 16-17,8-9 conductance values (max.<100~S/cm). Also found in circumneutral, semi-dry (±
striae in lOJlm) with more cuneatelyrounded ends. 50%) soils. Mean F-value in moss vegetation is 3,5±1,8.
Ecol.: Similar to nominate species. Rare. Only found in two samples. Dislr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1983, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001),
Dlslr.: unknown. Recently described taxon (Krammer 2000). Macquarie Island (McBride el al. 1999)
Remarks: Looks more stocky than the nominate spccies due to a different UW Remarks: Heiden described in 1928 a valid taxon (Le. Ac/manthes cyclophora)
ratio (4,7-5,9 (var. minar) vs 6,7-7,3 (nominate species». from sorne marine sediments that he considered to be a freshwater taxon whose
valves had been washed into the sea. Sinee then, the taxon bas becn forgottcn for
quite a long time. Several years later, A. lanceolatoides was described by
P1UlIOthidilllll Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996 Sovereign, DOW transferred to the genus Plano/hic/iuln. A dctailed analysis
however, pointed out that both taxa are conspecific and that A. cyclophora had
Plallo/!Ii,lium aueri (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot PI.23/15-28,24/3 priority. Since this taxon clearly shows all features of Planotllidium. a transfer
in Krasske (1949) p.79 fig.3 was necessary.
Syn.: Ac/mantlles pseudo/anceo/ata Hustedt, Ac/mantlles au.eri Krasske
Morph.: Valves lanceolate witb broadly rounded apices. (L 11,5-25 flm, W 3- PlallolhidiulII delica/ululII (Kützing) Rouud & Bukthiyarova P1.23129-34
4,5Jlrn. 18-20 sligthly radial striae in lOJlITI, each containing twc transapical rows in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (I991b) p.70 fig.39
of areolae). RV: axial area lanceolate, not widened in tbe middle. Raphe brancbes Syn.: Achnanlhes delicatula (Kützing) Grunow var. delicatula
slightly curving near the ccntral area, tenninating in the same direction but Morph.: Valves elliprical witb rostrate apices (L 18-25flm, W 7-9flm, 14-17
opposite to the tenninal tissures. Most distinguishing feature however, are the striae in 10Jlm, cOl1sisting of 3-4 rows of areolae). RV: axial area laoceolate, no
two striae in the central area that are more spaced than the others leaving a distinct central area present. Apical raphe terminaIs curve both to the sarne side of the
gap in LM. ARV: characterised by an asymmctrical central area with tbe typical valve. Central striae much shorter. ARV: very narrow axial area. Striae parallel in
sinusoidal mark on one side. Intemally, the convex part of this maI·king covers the middle, slightly radiate towards tbe apices.
 100 101

Ecol.: Rarely found in pools and lakes with variable pH (6,3-8,8) and specifie Raphe filifonn, tenninal fissures both curved towards the same side of the valve.
conductance (80-1830~S/crn). No observations were made in moss samples white ARV: axial arca narrow, lanceolate with a typical U-shaped sinus.
in soils only a few valves were found. Ecol.: Quite common in circumncutral oligotrophîc (very low phosphate and
Dislr.: Kerguelen (Le Cobu & Maillard 1983), Sontb Orkney Islands (Jones et al. ammonium values) pools and lakes where it can dominate the diatom flora. In
1993), South Shetland Islands (Kawecka & Olech 1993, Kaweeka et al. 1998), mosses, the mean F-value is 3,S±1,8. Also regularly found in semi-wet,
Antaretie Continent (Robert& & McMinn 1996), Maequarie Island (McBride et circuIDl1eutral to even slightly alkaline soil ~all1ples.
al. 1999). Dlstr.: Widespread in the entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region.
\ t
Plallothidillfll delJsistriatum Yan de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. P1.2511-17 Planotlridium marginastriatum Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. P1.26/1-17
Diagnosis: Valvae ellipticae tenninationibus cuneate rotundatis. Longitudo 12- Diagnosis: Valvae late ellipticae tenninationibus rotundatis. Longitudo 9-I0J.1ll1,
28Jlrn, latitudo 7-12. Areovalva: area axialis linearis-Ianceolata. Striae latitudo 3,5-5,5. Areovalva : area axialis elliptico-Ianceolata. Striae transapicales
transapicales parallelae in media parte valvae, radiatae ad polos, constantes ex paraUelae in media parte valvae, radiatae ad polos, constantes ex una serie
quattuor seriebus areolarum. Margines valvarum spinis late rotundatis. areolarum. Series secunda areolarum brevi aliquando adest. Raphovalva: area
Raphovalva: area axialis Iinearis, area centralis rotundata, asyrnmetrica, axialis linearis, area centralis parva, rectangularis, rnarginata striis curtis. Striae
marginata striis curtis. Striae transapicales radiatae. Raphe tilifonnis transapicales parallelae in media parte, radiatae ad polos. Raphe filifonnis
temlinationibus centralis expansis et fissuris terminalibus deflexis. Spinae terminationibus centralibus expansis et fissuris terminalibus brevibus leviterque
absentes. deflexis.
Description: Valves elliptical witb cuneately rounded ends. (L 12-28~lm, W 7- Description: Valves broadly elliptical with rounded ends. (L 8-1 O~m, W 3,5-
l2~m, 17-23 striae in lO~m on the ARV, 17-18 striae in 10~m on the RV). ARV : S,S~m, 15-18 striae in lO~m on the RV, 12-16 striae in 10~m on the ARV).
axial area Iinear-lanceolate. Transapical striae paraIJel in the middle, radiate MV: axial area elliptic-Ianceolate, fairly large. Tral1sapical striae parallel in the
towards the poles, consisting of 4 rows of areolae. Valve margins with broadty middle, radiate towards the poles, consisting of 1 row of areolae. A very short
rounded spines. RV: axial arca tinear, central area rounded, asymmetrical, second row may he present. RV: axial area tinear, small Central area smail,
bordered by short striae. Transapical striae radiate. Raphe filifonn with expanded rectangular, bordered by short striae. Transapical striae parallel in the middle,
central endings and deflected tenninal fissures. Spines absent. radiate towards the pales. Raphe filifonn with expanded central endings and very
Holotype: CAS-2200S7 (Californian Academy of Science). short, slightly deflected temlinal fissures.
Isotype : PLP-009 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-40SI (National Botanical Holotype: CAS-220092 (Californian Academy of Science).
Garden, Meise). Isotype: PLP-043 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-408S (National Botanieai
Type 10caIity: Crique de Noël, lie de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample Garden, Meise).
BW068 (coll. date. 12/12/1997). Type locallty: Crique de Noël, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Arebipelago, Sample
Ecol.: Typically found in small pools, close to tbe sea where the influence of BA160 (coll. date. 28/0112002).
seaspray was present, resutting in elevated specifie conductance (>300~S/cm) and Ecol.: Found once in a small fissure in cliffs bordering the coastline.
pH (8) values compared with similar non-intluenced pools. No observations were Distr.: So far only recorded on Ile de la Possession.
made in moss- and/or soil samples.
Distr.: So far ooty recorded on Ile de la Possession. Plallathidilllll qlltldripllllctallllll (Oppenheim) Sabbe PI.23/42-49, 2414-5
in Oppenheim (1994) p.1742 figs. 26-29 & 63-66
PlallotltidillllllallceolatltlII (Brébisson) Lange-Bertalot PI.2317-14,24/8-9 Syn.: Acl11lanthes quadripunctata Oppenheim
in Lange-Bertalot & Krammer (1989) p.7S p1.41 figs.I-8 Morph.: Valves elliptica1 with rounded ends (L 5-11 ~m, W 3-9~m, 17-20 radiate
Syn.: Achnanthidium lancealatum Brébisson, Aclmanthes lancealata var. striae in lO~lIn, consisting of 3-4 transapical rows of areolae.) RV: axial area
lancealata (Brébisson) Grunow nan'ow, raphe filifollTI with terminal fissures bending towards the same valve
Morph.: Valves elliptical to elliptica1-lanceolate with rounded ends. (L 10-3S~m, margin. In LM, the central area appears circular. InternaHy with thickened costae.
W 6-IOjlm, 12-16 striae in IOJ.1m). RV: axial area narrow, lincar. Central area ARV: naITOW linear sternum present.
rectangular, not extending to the valve margin (bordered by 2-4 short striae). Ecol.: P. quadripullctatum i5 commonly found in the area around Lapérouse
where it dominated sometimes the diatom flora, especial1y in wet mosses (F-value
 102 103

between IV and V). Also present in alkaline lakes with higher specific present, though in lower abundances in wet mosses (mean F-value 4,2±1,4) and
conductance values (up to 1500~S/cm) and sligbtly acid, semi-wet soils (±45%). sails.
Distr.: Soutb Orkney Islands (Oppenheim 1994), Soutb Georgia (Van de Vijvel' & Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Colm &
Beyens 1996). Maillard 1983, Van de Vijver el al. 19983, 2001) South Orkney Islands
(Oppenheim & Ellis-Evans 1989, Oppenheim & Greenwood 1990, Oppenheim
PlallothidiUIII relie; (Lange-Bertalot & Schmidt) Van de Vijver nov. comb. 1990, 1994), Macquarie Island (McBride etai. 1999).
PI.23/35-41, 24/1-2 Remarks: ln Schmidt et al. (1990) Achnanlhes abundans is made a synonym of
Basionym: Ac/manllies relle; Lange-Bertalot & Schmidt (Schmidt et al. J. Achnanlhes mollis based 00 the foml of the central area of the araphid valve.
Paleolim. 3 p.64 fig.60-t) However, A. mollis presents a regular central area in contrast with A. abundans
Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianceolare witb rounded ends. (L 8-12I1m, W 2,5-4~m, where an irregular central area can be observed in both the araphid and raphid
20-24 striae in lO~m). Striae generally moderate radiate. ARV: striae consist of valves. The extra two short striae in the central area of A. abundans have never
two distinct rows of areolae near the valve margin reducing gradually to one row been observed with A. mollis where the central area extends entirely towards the
towards the axial area. RV: Axial area naITOW with a filifonn raphe. Central valve margins. Therefore, A. abundans can not be considered as a synonym of A.
pores slightly thickened. moderately close together. Tenninal fissures bent ioto mollis.
opposite directions. Central area with 1-2 shortened median striae, more distant
than the other striae. lntemally. the central raphe pores are clearly bent ioto PSUlIIlIIOllridill1ll con[uslllII (Manguin) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
opposite directions. 1 fi' PI.31/14-21,3215-6
Eco!.: Locally comman in wct masses and sails and circumneutrallakes (e.g. Lac Basionym : Achnolllhes con/ilsa Manguin in Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) Mém.
Perdu). Inst. Sci. Madagascar p.20 fig. 12
Distr.: South Orkney Islands (Jones 1993, Jones el al. 1993, Oppenheim 1994), Morph.: Valves lineal', slightly convex with rounded apices. (L 11,5-20I1m, W 3-
Soutb Sbetland Islands (Bjorck el al. 1990, Schmidt et al. 1990). 4Jlm, 28-34 transapical striae in IOJlm. RV: lanceotate ax.ial area with filiforrn
Remarks: ln Van de Vijver & Beyens (l998a, 1999a&b) attempts were made ta raphe, central area a smail fascia. ARV: narrow longitudinal area, sometimes a
identify this taxon. Ail valves, reported as Aclmanthes pericavo Carter or little bit wider in the middle with an irregular central area, fonned by shorter
AcJmanthes c01lspicua Mayer belong ta this new spccies as has been demonstrated (and/or lacking) striae. A very distinct feature is the structure of the striae on the
bya detailed SEM-study. araphid valve, starting with a bacillifonn marginal areola and terminating by 2,
Based on the total offeatures, this taxon c1early belongs to Planothidium. l'arely 3, shorter areolae (Le Colm & Maillard, 1983).
EcoL: Quitc common in bath open waterbodies with circumneutral to slightly acid
pH and low specifie conductance values and in wet moss vegetations where it can
PsallllIIolhidilllll Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996 reach bigh abundances (up to 60%). Mean F-value is 3,8±1,8. Also common in
very wet, slightly acid soils.
PsammothÜ/iulII abulldalls (Manguin) Bukhtiyarova & Round P1.31/1-13,32/1-3 Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu & Maillard 1983), South
in Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) p.19 figs.IO & II Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a), Macquarie Island (McBride et
Syn.: Aclmanthes abunda1ls Manguin, AcJmanthes abundans var. e/liptica al. 1999).
Manguin lLn:'
Morph.: Valves linear to elliptical in smaller forros (cf. var. el/iplica), slightly Psammothitlilllll COIl[USUIII var. alomoides (Manguin) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
swollen in tbe median part with rounded apices (L 6,5-18~m, W 3,5-5I1m, 28-32 PU tI22-29, 3214
striae in lOJ.lm). Striae radiate, the mediao striae often more spaced. RV: raphe Basionym: Ac/mantlles con/usa var. u1011loides M,anguin in Bourrelly &
fiHform with central tenninals slightly curved into opposite directions, central Manguin (1954) Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar p.20 fig. 12
area rectangular to irregular, most of the times bordered by two very short striae. Morph.: Valves linear, sligbtly convex with rounded apices. (L 9-11 I1m, W 3-
ARV: axial area lanceolate, slightly enlarged in an irregular central area. 4~m, 28-34 transapical striae in IOl1m). RV: lanceolate axial area with filiforro
Ecol.: Quite common in larger, sligbtly acid (pH ±6,5) lakes and pools with low raphe, central area stauTOneiform. ARV: narrow axial area, sometimes a little bit
specifie conductance values, where it can dominate the entire diatom flora. Also wider in the middle, central area clearly lacking. SEM structure of the areolae as
in the nominate species.
 104 105

Ecol.: Same ecology 35 the nominate species. Morph.: Valves elliptical with more or less rounded rostrate ends, L 16-19J.11ll W
Distr.: Kerguelen (BoulTelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu & Maillard 1983), 6-8,5 ~m, transapical striae 16-18 in lO~m in the median part, 25 io 10~m
Macquarie Island (McBride el al. 1999). towards the ends. Raphe valve: raphe filiform, axial area lanceolate, central area
Remarks: Ac/manIlles confusum var. atomoides Manguin was separatcrl from the hemicircular, bordered at one side by 2-4 spaced unilateral striae. open at the
nominate species by the Jack of the wider longitudinal arca on the araphid valve other side. ARV: longitudinal linear area. Central area hemicircular, bordered at
(Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Cohu & Maillard 1983). Lange-Bertalot & one side by 4-6 less spaced striae.
Krammer (1989) include the variety within the nominate species. However, whcn Eco!.: Fairly common on hare, dry oligotrophic and slightly acid soils. Only a
comparing populations of bath the nominate species and the variety, there is few records (very low abundances) exist from open waterbodies and masses
sufficient morphological evidcnce that the variety alomoides should be kept as a (mean F-value 3,9±1,2).
separate variety. Distr.: Widespread in the entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region.
l' ~
Psammotllid;ulII cOllfusiforme Van de Vijver & Seycos nov. spec. Psammothidillm ilJcogIJiillnJ (Krasske) Van de ijver nov. comb.
PJ.3I130-39, 32/7-8 1 \ PI.29/1-11,30/1-2
Diagnosls: Valvae lineares-Ianceolatae apicibus rotundatis. Longitudo 13-15Ilm, Basionym : Achllallthes illcognita Krasske in Krasske (1939) Arch. Hydrobiol.
latitudo 3-4~m. Striae transapicales radiatae, 32-35 in 1O~1ll. Rapbovalva: acea p.370 fig.! 1
axialis staurofonnis, interdulll una vel duabus striis isolatis curtis. Raphe Syn.: Navicula dulcis Krasske, Achnanthes stauroneioides f. st,.iata Maillard
filiformis. Areovalva: acea axialis linearis. angusta. Area centralis staurofonnis Morph.: Valves elliptical to linear-Ianceolate, the median part with parallel
striis curtis. Striae transapicales constantes ex 4-5 areolis rotundis. Differt a P. borders, cuncate endings (L 13-18~m, W 4-5,5~m). Transapical striae 30 in
confusum structura striarum differente in areavalva, vestigibus raphae absentibus lO~m in the median part, slightly radiate, 40 striae in lO~m towards the ends. RV:
et numero grandiore striarum in 1O~m. raphe filiform with intemally central terminais curved in opposite directions,
Description: Valves lînear-Ianceolate with rounded apices. (L 18-20~m, W 4- oarrow axial area. Central area very wide, exteoding towards bath sides. ARV:
5~1l1, 32-38 transapical striae in 10jlm. RV: axial area Iinear, central area longitudinal area very narrow with rounded central part. The middle striae radial
stauroform, sometimes with one or two shorter isolated striae. Raphe filifonn. but larger and more spaced tban tbe otber striae.
ARV: Ax.ial area Iinear, narrow, central area staurofoml, with shorter striae. Ecol.: Mostly found on relatively dry, acid soils without mu ch vegetation cover.
Transapical striae slightly radiate, consisting of 4-5 rounded areolae. Differs from In mosses and open waterbodies, no observations wece made although on South
P. confusum by the different structure of the striae on the AR V, the lack of the Georgia, it seems quite common 00 wet, submerged lDosses (Van de Vijver &
raphe vestiges and the larger number ofstriae in IO/-lITI. Beyens 1997a).
Holotype: CAS-220058 (Californian Academy of Science). Distr.: Originally described from southern Chile (Krasske 1939), Kerguelen (Le
lsotype: PLP-OIO (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4052 (National Botanical Cohu & Maillard 1983) South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a),
Garden, Meise). South Shetland Islands (Bjôrck el al. 1991), South Orkney Islands (e.g. Jones el
Type locality: Vallée du Camp, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample al. 1993).
W493 (coll. date 12/11/97). Remarks: A. stauroneioides f. striata Maillard should be considered as a younger
Ecol.: Due to confusion with P. confuswn, the eeology of this new taxon is still synonym of Psammothidium incognitum. Altbough Lange-Bertalot & Krammer
preliminary. The taxon is present in larger lakes with high specifie conductance (1989) considered P. slal/raneioides (Manguin) Bukht. & Round also to be a
values and circumneutral pH. rcgional variation of P. incognitum due ta similarities of the raphid valve, the
Distr.: So far ooly recorded on Ile de la Possession but due to possible confusion latter should be kept as a separate species based on the structure of the araphid
with P. cOllfusum the distribution within the (Sub-)Antarctic Region may he much valve. Bath Le Cohu & Maillard (1983) and Oppenheim (1994) gave sufficient
larger. arguments for this theory.

PsallllIIoillidiulII germai,,;; (Manguin) Sabbe PI.27126-33,2812 Psulllllloihidium blvestians (Carter) Buk.htiyarova P1.29/12-19
in Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) p.20 fig. 19 in Carter (1966) p.445 lig.l: 23-28 8: 13-14
Synonyrn : Achllanthes germainii Manguin Syn.: Aclmanthes investialls Carter
 106 107

Morph.: Valves linear to linear-elliptical with broadly rounded ends (L 10-19 ~m, made by Le Cobu and Maillard (1983) althnugh they keep the var. elliptica as a
W 4-6J.lm, 28-34 transapical striae Ln 10 Ilm). RV: axial area lincar, narrow. separate taxon. We decided to include the variety within the nominate species
Central area, asymmetrical, reaching only one valve margin. Raphe filifonn with since a broad cor,tinuum between the h....o forms could be found in the samples.
unexpanded central cnrlings and tenninal fissures deflected in diffcTent directions.
ARV: axial area narrow, linear. Central area asymmetrical. psammotlridilllII oblollgelllll1l (Oestrup) Van de Vijver nov. comb.
Ecol.: Comman but only in very low abundances. Seems typical for dricr sous PI.27118-25,28/5
and tcrrestrial masses. Baslonym : Ac/mall/hes oblongella Oestrup (1902) Bot. Tidskr. p.34 pl.l fig.9
Distr.: Sn far nruy fnund on Tristan da Cunha & Gough [sland. Syn.: Ac/mantlles saxonica KTasske
Morph.: Valves elliptical (L 10-20~m, W 5-8~m). RV: 25-30 striae (one row of
PsammothidiulIl levallderi (Hustedt) Czamecki Pl.33/1-S areol ae ) in 10~m radiate in the middle ta very radiate at the end. Axial area very
in Lange-Beltalot & Krammer (1989) p.96 p!.27 figs.I-13 narrow, central area stauroform, bordered by several shortcr striae. Raphe
Syn.: Aclmanthes levanderi Hustedt filifonn with clearly marked central pores. ARV: axial area hnear, narrow. \0-14
Morph.: Valves broad-elliptical (L 7-9~m, W 3-5~m, 20-30 striae in 10~m). striae in IOflm, in the middlc parallel, at the ends rather radiate. Areolae mostly
ARV: axial acea linear-Ianceolate to linear-elliptical. Central area variable. staI1ing in two rows at the valve margin, cnding in one row at the axial area. Very
Transapical striae slightly radiate. RV: axial acea narrow, linear. Central area short striae are placed between the longer ones.
stauroforrn due to shortened striae. Transapical striae radiate. Raphe straight, Ecol.: Common in slightly acid. oligotrophic pools and lakcs with moderate
filifonn with simple central and tenninal endings. specifie conductance values (up te 675flS/cm). ln mosses much rarer, showing no
Ecol.: Very rare. Onlya few records were made from the area around Lapérouse moisture preference (F-value ranging from rn to VI). Observations in soils are
and Lac Perdu. Occurring there in a circumneutral pool and a small river and scarcc.
semi-wet mnsses (F-value lll-Vl). Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1983: A. saxonica Krasske, Van de
Distr.: No records [rom the Antarctic and Subantarctic regions. Vijver e/ al. 1998a, 2001), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996),
Maritime Antarctic Region (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997b).
Psal1llllothidillllllllangllinii (Hustedt) Van de Vijver nov. comb. Remarks: The structure of the raphe (externally and intemally), togcther with the
P1.29/20-33, 30/5-8 fonn ofthe poroids of the RV justify a transfer to the genus Psammolhidiwl1.
Basionym: Ac/man/hes manguinÜ Hustedt (1952) Bot. Notiser 1952 p.383
figs.52-56 PsammothidilllII sfauroneioides (Manguin) Buhktiyarova PI.29/34-38,30/3-4
Syn.: Ac/manIlles manguinii var. elliptica Manguin in Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) p.23 fig.17
Morph.: Valves elliptical witb rostrate ta subcapitate api ces. Two different forms Syn. : Acl11'lanthes stauroneioides Manguin
can be found, one with 3-4 undulated borders and one with parallel or convex Morph.: Valves elliptical-lanceolatc with blunt, rounded ends. (L 8,5-20~m,
margins (L 14-20~m, W 5-7~m, transapical striae radiate 20-28 in 10~m, W 4,5-6,5~m, 30 striae in lO~m). RV: axial area lanceolate, raphe filiform
consisting in SEM of one row of areolae). RV: axial area lanceolate, raphc without terminal fissures, central area staurofonn, clearly reaching the valve
branches straight but terminates intemally into opposite directions. Central area margins. Striae consist of one row of quadrangular areolae. Internally the two
rectangular bordered by 6-8 short striae. ARV: axial area lanceolate, no raphid branches clearly curve towards the valve margins in the central area.
interruption of the striae in the central area. ARV: lanceolate axial area, smaller towards the valve ends. Sometimes, in SEM,
Ecol.: Rarely found in relatively dry masses, dry soils and the sediment of a small pore is visible at the end of the axial area.
brooklets and small, alkaline pools. There is no clear distinction in ecology Eco!.: Common, hut never in high frequencies (max. <16%) in dry, slightly acid,
between the nominate species and the fonner variety elliptica. oligotrophic soils and relatively dry mosses (mean F-value 5,5±2,3).
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard Observations in open waterbodies are scarce (rel. abund. <3%).
1983), Snuth Shetland Islands (Schmidt cr al. 1990), Macquarie Island (McBride Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard
e/ al. 1999). 1983, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001), Macquarie Island (McBride et al. 1999).
Remarks: Due ta thc large similarity between A. manguinii and A. manguinii var.
elliptica, Lange-Bertalot & Krammer (1989) considered var. elliptica only to be a PStlllllllOrhidill1ll slIbatollloides (Hustedt) Buk:htiyarova & Round PI.29/42-52,30/9
morphological fonn of the nominate species. This observation has already becn in Kr.mmer & Lange-Bertalot (1989) p.145 pl.2l figs.I-18
 108 109

Syn.: Ac/mall/hes st/ba/ollloides (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot & Archibald 7~m, 3-6 transapical costae in 10J.1m, 1-4 striae in each intercosta cham ber). The
Morph.: Valves elliptical with rounded ends. (L 6-15J.lm, W 3-6 J.lm, 30-40 striae apices arc sharply rounded, always deflected ventrally. The raphe system is
in lO~m). RV: axial area narrow, iinear, central acea stauroform. bordcred by 2-3 completely eccentric. lying close ta the dorsal valve margin, situated on a raised
irregular short striae, capite straight. filifonn. ARV: structure similar to raphid dorsal keel. The raphe slit is bordered by clear raphe ridges. External central
valve, presence of raphoid structure with marked tenninal pores. raphe endings deflected towards the ventral sidc and slightly cxpanded. Extcrnal
Ecol.: Only corn mon in oligotrophic pools and lakes with slightly acid pH values polar raphe endings simple. .
and low to moderate specifie conductance values. Relative abundances in masses Ecol.: Present in soifs and water samples but only in minor abundances. Does not
and soils do not exceed 2%. seem to have clear ecological preferences in these samplcs. ln mosses, sometÜnes
Distr.: South Shetland Islands (Schmidt el al. 1990, Bjtirck e/ al. 1991, 1994), quite abundant (>20%). Mean F-value 4,1±1,7.
Antarctic Peninsula (Vinoeue & Izaguirrc 1994, Vinocur & Pizarro 1995, Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Van de Vijver et al.
lzaguirre & Pizarro 1998), South Orkney Islands (Jones el al. 1993,Oppenheim 1998a, 2001).
1994, lones 1995), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a), Remarks: Probably confused with Rhopolodia gibbert/la (Ehrenberg) O. Müller
Maritime Antarctic Region (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997b), Kerguelen (Van de on Kerguelen sinee during two surveys on this island, no 'real' R. gibberu/a was
Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001). round, only R. rupestris.

PsammothidiumlhereZÎellii (Le Cohu & Maillard) Van de Vijvcr nov. comb.

PI.271t 1-17, 28/3-4 SellapllOra Mereschkowsky 1902
Basionym.: Coeeolleis Ihereziellii Le Cohu & Maillard (1983) Annls. Limool. 22
p.145 figs.I, 2, 29, 30-37, 56, 84-97,189-190 Selfaphora suballtarc:tica Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. P1.38!12-21
Syn.: Ac/mall/hes Ihereziellii (Le Cohu & Maillard) Lange-Bertalot Diagnosis: Valvae Iineares ad lineares-Ianceolatae apicibus leviter subcapîtatis
Morph.: Valves elliptical with broadly rouoded ends. (L 12-25J.lm, W 7-IIJ.lm). rotundatisque. Longitudo 9-23J.1rn, latitudo 3-4,511m. Area axialis angusta,
RV: axial acea very narrow, central acea bordered by 5-9 short striae. Transapical linearis. Area centralis magna, paene rectangularis, limitata pluribus striis
striae very radiate (20-30 in lOJ.1m), consisting of one row of areolae. Raphe curtissimîs. Raphe filiformis, recta poris centralibus indistinctis fissurisque
straight, filiforrn. ARV: very narrow axial area, sometimes slightly lanceolate. No tenninalibus deflexis. Striae transapicales fartiter radiatae in media parte valvae,
central area present. Transapical striae parallel in the middle. more curved levîter radiatae ad polos, 24-26 in 101l1ll. ln mlcroscopio electronico, striae clare
towards the valve ends (19-21 inlO~m). uniseriatae.
Ecol.: Quite rare on TIc de la Possession. Gnly found in low abundances in smail. Description: Valves linear ta linear-Ianceolate with weakly subcapitate, rounded
slightly alkaline pools and 1akes and in relatively wet soils. ends (L 9-23J.lm, W 3-4,5J.lm, 24-26 striae in 10J.lm). Axial arca narrow, linear.
Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Colm & Maillard 1983, Van de Vijver e/ al. 1998a, 2001) Central area large, almost rectangular, bordered by several very short striae.
Remarks: First described as member of the Cocconeis genus (Le Cohu & Raphe filiform, straight with indlstinct central pores and defleeted terminal
Maillard 1983). Lange-Bertalot & Krammer (1989) however conc1uded that the fissures. Transapical striae strongly radiate in the middle, slightly radiate towards
typical Cocconeis features can not he found on the SEM pictures. Structure looks the ends. ln SEM, striae appear ta be uniseriate.
much like A. oblongel/a. Based on the structure of the raphe system and the Holotype: CAS-220099 (Californian Academy of Science).
areolae. tbis species should be included within the genus Psammothidiwn. lsotype: PLP-050 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4092 (National Botanical
Garden, Belgium).
Type loc.llty: Pointe de Bougainville, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago,
Rltopalodia O. Müller 1895 Sample W540 (coll. date 17/11/1997).
Ecol.: Rare in larger, slightly acid lakes with low nutrient and specifie
RllOpalodia rupeslris (w. Smith) Krammer P1.I3111-6 conductance values «IOOJ.lS/cm).
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988) p.165 pUI5 figs.I-8 Distr.: Sa far only known from Ile de la Possession.
Syn.: Rhopalodio gibbemla var. I1lpeslris (W. Smith) O. Müller Remarks: This new Se/laphora spccies shows sorne affinities with Se/laphora
Morph.: Valves slightly dorsiventral, asymmetrically linear-Ianceolate with a disjullela Hustedt but can he distinguished by the less capitate apicos and the
convex dorsal side and a straight ventral side (L 30-40J.lm, W (in the middle) 6-
 110 III

(usually) smaller size. Naviculajoubaudii Gennain has a similar valve oudine but presence/absence of apical porefields and/or marginal spines was found. Sternum
is smaller and shows biseriate striae. narrow or absent.
.., Ecol.: Present in man y samples but in low numbers, without a cJear preference for
Sellaphora tllltrida Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec. P1.38/1-11 standing or running water. Highest abundancies were reached in smaH shaHow
Diagnosis: Valvae lanceolatae ad ellipticas-Ianceolatas (in val vis minoribus) pools. pH-optimum 6,4. No difference in ecology was fonnd between spinose and
api ci bus late rotundatis, aliquando leviter subcapitatis. Longitudo 12-20~m) oon-spinose forms. Fairly common in we~ mosses (optimal F-value around N)
latitudo 3,5-5flm. Area axialis angusta, linearis. Area centralis transapicaliter and wet soils.
dilatata, limitata 3-4 striis leviter abbreviatis. Raphe fiJifonnis, curvata paris Distr.: Sonth Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996, 1997a), Kerguelen (Le
centralibus clare detlexis fissurisque temlinalibus uncinatis. Striae transapicales Cohu 1999), South Orkney Islands (Jones et al. 1993, Oppenheim 1990,
in media parte valvae faetiter radiatae etiam sinuosae, maderate radiatae ad polos, Oppenheim & Greenwood 1990, Oppenheim & Patterson 1990).
24-27 in 1O~m. Remarks: Le Cohu (1999) discussed the difference between S. exiglliformis and
Description: Valves lanceolate to elliptical-lanceolate in smaJler valves with S. inermis Flowcr, Jones & Round, a second Stauroforma species that has becn
broadly rounded, sometimes slightly subcapitate ends (L 12-20~m, W 3,5-5~m, split From S. exiguiformis based on the absence of marginal spines and the
24-27 striae in lO~lm). Axial area nalTOW, tinear. Central area transapically presence of an apical porefield. He cOllcluded by regrouping both taxa in S.
enlarged, bordered by 3-4 slightly shortened striae. Raphe filifOllli, curved with exiguiformis. After examination of quite a lot of frustules from our (Crozet
clearly deflected central pores and hooked tenninal fissures. Transapical strÎae in population', we agree with Le Cohn (1999). As in his paper, valves with both
the middle strongly radiate (even sinusoidal) to moderately radiate towards the marginal spines and (vestiges of) an apical porefield have beeu observed.
ends.
Holotype: CAS-220100 (Califomian Academy of Science).
lsotype: PLP-051 (University of Antwerp, RUCA), BR-4093 (National Botanical Stallrolleis Ehrenberg 1843
Garden, Meise).
Type locality: Crique de Noël, ne de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago, Sample Stallrolleis cf. ail ceps Ehrenberg PI.71/13-14
BW079 (coll. date 12112/1997). in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.240 pl.87 figs.3-9
Ecol.: Found in several samples from larger lakes. Fairly common in relatively Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianceolate with weakly convex margins and capitate
dry soils (40-50%) with low nutrient conditions. ends (L 35-40~1I1, W 6-7,5~m, 22-26 striae in 10~m). No pseudosepta present.
Distr.: So far orny found on Ile de la Possession. Axial area moderately narrow, Iinear. Central area a clear fascia, widening
Remarks: This taxon clcarly presents a11 features of the genus Sellaphora. towards the margins. No shortened striae present in the middle. Raphe filifonn,
Conspecificity with S. subantarctiea (see above) is unlikely due to the diffe,.ent straight with very weakly deflected central endings. Central pores clearly visible.
valve outline (more turnid in the middle), the clearly curved raphe and the Transapical striae llloderately radiate in the middle, strongly radiate towards the
different striation pattern, especiatly near the central area. . poles.
Ecol.: Rare on ne de la Possession.
Oistr.: Widespread in the entire (Sub-)Antaretie Region. Probably one of the
Stallroforma Flower, Jones & Round 1996 mast recorded taxa. The rather low abundance on Ile de la Possession is
remarkable.
Stauroforma exiguiformis (Lange-Bertalot) Flower, Jones & Round
in Flower et al. (1996) P1.151l2-26,16I1-4 Stallrolleis graei/ior (Ehrenberg) Reichardt Pl.7 118-12
Syn.: Fragilan·a Yirescens var. exigua Grunow, Fragilaria exigua (Grunow) in Metzeltin & Witkowski (1996) p.l54 figs.12-15
Krammer & Lange-Benalot, Fragilaria exiguiformis Lange-Bertalot Syn.: Stol/ralleis oneeps f. graci/is (Ehrenberg) Rabenhorst
Morph.: Valves eltiptical, narrow-linear to lanceolate, sometimes heteropolar Morph.: Valves elliptical-Ianceolate with convex margins and protracted,
with broadly rounded to slightly suhcapitate apices (L 7-33~m, W 2,5-4,5~m, 19- sometimes even capitate ends (L 50-60~m, W 7,5-9~m, 21-23 striae in lO~m).
26 striae in lOJ.1m). Striae are opposite, consisting of one row of circular areolae. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area a relatively broad, rectangular fascia,
Marginal spines present or absent at the end of cach interstria. Apical porefield, slightly widening towards the valve margins. Raphe filiform, straight with
when present, consists of a group of small pores. No relationship between indistinct central pores. Temlinal fissures ?-shaped, c1early visible in LM.
 112 113

Transapical striae moderately radiate in the middle. strongly radiate towards the Morph.: Valves linear-Ianceolatc with slightly convex margins and cuneately
ends. rounded ends (L 50-68~m, W 7-9~m, 21-24 striae in lO~m). Pseudosepta clearly
Ecol.: Only found in one sample: BW321, a small pool with pH 7,2, specifie present. Axial area usually narrow, tinear. Central area a srnall. sornetimes
conductance 14311S/crn and nutrient-poor conditions (no phosphate and asymmetrical fascia. Raphe filifonn. sometimes weakly lateral. Central pores
ammonium measured). deflected, distinct. Terminal fissures usually not visible in LM. Tranapical striae
Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Le Colm & Maillard 1986), King radiate in the middle, weakly radiate to even. parallel near the pales.
George Island (Schmidt el al. 1990), South Orkney Islands (Oppenbeim 1990, Ecol.: Rare in relatively dry «45%) circumneutral to slightly acid soils with
Oppenbeim & Greenwood 1990), South Shetland Islands (Bjorek et al. 1993). bigher specific conductance (>IOOO~Slcm) and chloride (>40mgll) values.
Almost completely absent in moss vegetations and water habitats.
Stauroueis kriegeri Patrick PI.70/1-6 Dislr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.248 pJ.90 figs.23-27 1986), Camphellisland (Hicknlan & Viti 1973), South Georgia (Van de Vijver,
Syn.: Stauroneis anceps var. capitala Peragallo, Stauroneis pygmaea Krieger personalobservation).
Morph.: Valves linear with parallel sides and capitate, hroadly rounded ends (L
23-30JlITI. W 5-6Jlrn, 25-28 striae in lOllm). Axial area linear, narrow. Central S/allrolleis ob/usa var. millor Krasske PI.7l!6-7
area a rectangular small fascia. Raphe filifonn, straight with indistinct central in Lange-Bertalot (1996) p.l77 pl.27 figs.l6-17
pores. Tenninal fissures clcarly visible. deflected. Transapical striae weakly Morph.: Similar to the nominate species but outline more linear-elliptical with
radiate in the middle. parallel to convergent oeaI the pales. broadly rounded, less acute ends (L 39~m, W 7,5~m, 25 striae in lO~m). Central
Eeol.: Rare in moss and water samples. Frequencies higher in soil samplcs. raphe endings clearly deflected.
Seems to prefer acid to circumneutral wet soils with higher specifie conductance Ecol.: Similar to the nominate species.
values (>350~S/cm). Distr.: unknown
Distr.: Macquarie [sland (Bunt 1954, Evans 1970, McBride et al. 1999),
Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001), South Slouroneis alf p/lOel/icel/lerol/ (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg PI.69/10, 12,7211-4
Georgia (Van de Vijver, personal observation). in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p239 pl6 figs. 7-8
Remarks: In one sample. a smaH Stauroneis-like taxon was found, showing SOrne Morph.: Valves lanceolate with protracted, rounded ends (L 70-90~m, W 14-
affinities with S. kriegeri (PI.6517-10) but they could be identified as Staurophora 16~m, 20-25 striae in lO~m). Axial area fairly broad, linear to linear-Ianceolate.
anuschkae Witkowski, a brackish-marine taxon round in Gdansk. It is presented Central area a small, sometirnes asymmetrical fascia. Raphe filifoml to narrowly
here sinee confusion with S. kriegeri is possible. lateral with straight central endings, distinct central pores and ?-shaped terminal
fissures.
Slal/rol/eis IIIl/rieUa Lund P1.70/1 1-19, 72/5 Ecol.: Fairly common in samples from ditches and smail pools with slightly acid
in Hustedt (1961-1966) p.799 fig.1147A to circumneutral pH but elevated specific conductance values (200-650~Slcm).
Morph.: Valves linear-Ianeeolate \Vith euneately rounded. non-protracted ends Almost entirely absent from soils and moss samples.
(L 28-38~m, W 4,5-6,5~m, 21-23 striae in lO~m). No pseudosepta present. Axial Distr.: (s. phoenicenteron) Kerguelen (Reinseh 1879, Bourrelly & Maillard 1954,
area narrow, linear. Central area a relatively broad fascia. widening towards the Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a, 2001),
valve margins. Raphe filiform, weakly undulating. Central pores laterally bent, Crozet (Pierre 1977), Macquarie Island (Evans 1970, McBride el al. 1999), King
drop-like. Terminal fissures ?-shaped. Transapical striae radiate in the middle, George Island (Opalinski 1972, Schmidt et al. 1990), South Shetland [slands
paranel ta weakly convergent near the pales. (Bjorek el al. 1993, Jones 1995), South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1996,
Ecol.: Only found in low numbers «1%) in some relatively wet (50-65%) soil 1997a).
samples. Remarks: Can be confused witb S. graciUs Ehrenberg and S. subgraciUs Lange-
Distr.: First record for tbe (Sub-)Antarctic Region. 8ertalot & Krammer but a detailed examination of the central raphe endings
c1early separates S. aff. phoenicellteron from the other two taxa. Observations of
Stuurolleis ob/usa Lagerstedt PI.71/1-5 S. Jlulllinea Patrick & Freese (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1999a&b) probably also
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.245 pl.90 figs.I-6 indicate S. alf phoellicenteron. It is however unclear with tbese valves clearly
 114 115

belong to phoenicenteron. A thorough study of more populations on Crozet Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1986, Le Cohu 1999), South Shetland
should c1arify this t3xonomical problem. Islands (Kawecka & Olech 1993).
ReUlarks: Further details on the morphology of this taxon can be found in Le
StaurOlleis smith;; var. sagUta (Cleve) Hustedt P1.70120-27 Cohu (1988, 1999). ln Van de Vijver & Beyens (1999a&b) S. alpestris has
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) p.245 pl.89 figs.22-23 incorrectly been reported as Fragilaria l1eoproducta Lange-Bertalot and
Syn.: Staurolleis sagilta Cleve Fragilaria oldenburgiana Hustedt. Based .on the SEM observations, ail valves
Morph.: Valves rhomboid-elliptical with acutely rounded ends (L 30-45~m, W 4- appeared to belong to S. alpestris.
6~m, 18-20 striae in lO~m). Pseudosepta clearly visible in LM. Axial area very Sfj,\(
narrow, lineaI. Central acea a small rectangular fascia. Raphe filiform with Staurosira circula Van de Vijver & Beyens Pl.Illl-18
straight central endings and distinct central pores. Tenninal endings not visible in in Van de Vijver & Beyens (in press)
LM. Transapical striae parallel to weakly radiale in the middle, parallel towards Morph.: Valves elliptical ta almost circular with an asymmetrical depression at
the apices. one end (L 4,5-7~m, W 4,2-6,3~m, UW almost l, 20-24(32) striae in IO~m).
Ecol.: Rare, ooly present in sorne soil samples. Irregular striation pattern. Striae consist of one or two rows of round areolae,
Distr.: Kerguelen (Le Cohu & Maillard 1986). continuing biseriately on the mande face without interruption. Vela present.
Rimoportnla absent. One apical porefield present, composed of several rows of
StalirOlleÎs slIbgracilis Lange-Bertalot & Krammer P169/1-9, 11 small, rounded poroids. Thick marginal spines present, alternating with short
in Lange-Bertalot & Genkal (1999) p.96 pl.29 figs.I-7 spines, placed irregularly on the striae.
Morph.: Valves lanceolate with broadly rounded, subrostrate ta even subcapitate Ecol.: Only present in masses and smalJ pools near the coastline (region of Pointe
ends (L 59-81~lm, W 10-13~m, 22-25 striae in lO~m, ±25 puncta in lO~m). Basse & Crique de Noël), characterized by a high pH (maximnm 9,2) and
Axial area iinear, moderately narrow. Central area forming an almast rectangular moderate specific conductance (200-400~S/cm).
fascia, slightly widened near the valve margins. Raphe clearly lateral with Dis!r.: So far only fonod on Ile de la Possession.
deflected, distinct central pores. Transapical striae moderately radiate in the
middle, strongly radiate towards the api ces. Staurosirajolillae Van de Vijver P1.12l1-16
Ecol.: Fairly common in smaIl pools with sligbtly acid to circnmnentral pH (6,1- in Van de Vijver & Beyens (in press)
7,0) bnt low conductivity values «80~S/cm). Morph.: Valves heteropolar, Iinear-Ianceolate with a short depression at the
Dis!r.: Unknown, taxon was jnst recently established (1999) so a lot of records broadly rounded pole. Length 13,6-83~m, width 4,6-6,3~m. Axial area narrow bnt
will be hidden in observations of S. phoenicenferon. clearly present. Transapical striae, 9-11 in lOJlm, ovoid, consisting of 3 rows of
round areolae. Striae continue over the rnalltle face, inten11pted by one row of
sharp, hooked marginal spines. Internally, striae are lying between raised ribs.
Staurosira Ehrenberg 1843 Rimoportnla absent. Apical porefield clearly present at pointed valve pole. Valve
mande plaques srnall but nurnerous and irregularly scattered over the eotiTe girdle.
Stauro.ira alpestris (Krasske ex Hnstedt) Van de Vijver nov. comb. P1.l4/1-14 Ecol.: Common in lakes and large pools (>600m') !Tom the Point Basse area
Basionym : Fragilaria alpestris Krasske in Hustedt (1931) p.65 fig.673B (Jardin Japonais) with high pH (maximnm 8,9) and rather high specifie
Syn.: Stal/rosirella alpestris (Krasske) Le Cohu conductance (250-300~S/cm) vaines. Occnrring attached to stones and
Morph.: Valves linear, slightly concave in the middle with snbcapitate ends (L filamenteous algae. Not observed in moss and soil samples.
25-30~m, W 3-4~m, 15 striae in lO~m). Tbe concavity in the middle can Distr.: So far only found on Ile de la Possession.
sometimes be absent. Striae parallel, altemating. Axial area fairly naITOW. The Remarks: It is possible that S. jolinae is much more common in the (Sub-)
sternum is clearly visible in the internai valve face, wlth alternating costae and Antarctic Region but due ta confusion with taxa such as S. pinnata and S.
cavities in which the striae are situated. Areolae slit-like with 2-3 pores. Apical leptostaurofT, the distribution is somewhat unclear.
porefield present.
Ecol.: Common in larger lakes with high pH (optimum 9,2) and moderate specifie Siaurosira leplastauron Ehrenberg P1.l3/t-7
condnctance levels (200-400~S/cm). Mostly found attached to filamentons algae. in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991 a) p.159 pl.133 figs.33-41
Very rare in soil and moss samples. Syn.: Fragilaria leptostallron Ebrenberg var. leptostauron
 116 117

Morph.: Valves typically cruciform with bluntly rounded apices (L 19-26flm, W Ecol.: Common in aU samples, mostly in standing waterbodies. pH-optimum 7,2.
(in the midd1e) 13-17flm, 9 striae in 10flm). Axial area linear or slightly Preference for wet mosses (optimal F-value III). Less abundant in sail sarnples.
lanceolate. Striae parallel to sligbtly radiate. Two apical porefields present. Distr.: Widespread in the entire (Sub-)Antarctic Region.
Rimoportula absent. Large marginal spines present al the interstriae, often mixed Remarks: Le Cobn (1999) reported the presence of entirely perforated
with small spilles. Striae consist of one row of slit-Iike areolae, separated by large Cconnecting bridges' between the striae. No such structures have been observed
intercostal ribs. Rib surface often sculptured by second arder ribs. within the Crozet population.
Ecol.: Rare on Ile de la Possession. Gnly found on Pointe Basse in two large ':<... V~
lakes (W578-W581) with very high pH and fairly high specifie conductance Slallrosil'a vellleI' (Ehrellberg) Cleve & Mpller PI.15/1-8, 10-11
values. in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991 a) p.153 pl.l32 figs.I-34
Dislr.: Kerguelen (Bourelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard Syn.: Fragilaria venter Ehrenberg, Fragilaria construens var. venter (Ehrenberg)
1986, Van de Vijver el al. 1998a). Grunow
"'J.no,\ Morph.: Valves elliplical ta elliptical-lanceolate (L 8-15flm, W 3-4flm, 20 striae
Slallrosira II/arlyi (Héribaud) Lange-Bertalot P1.l3/8-18 in IOJlm). Transapical striae, alternating. consisting of one row of rounded
Syn.: Opephora martyi Héribaud, Fragilaria martyi (Héri baud) Lange-Bertalot, areolae, placed in depressions between raised ribs. Axial area narrow, lanceolate.
Martyalla II/arlyi (Héribaud) Round Marginal spines, often bifurcating, situated on the interstriae.
Morph.: Valves heteropolar, clavate (L 13-2Sllm, W 5,5-7,5~l.In. 8-9 striae in Ecol.: Common in larger pools with lower specifie conductance «IOOflS/cm)
10flm) occasionally with depression at the head pole. Head pole broadly rounded, where it can dominate the entire diatom flora. pH-optimum 6,7. Mostly found in
footh pole slightly rostrate. Axial area distinct (narrow ta broadly lanceolate). benthic samples. Very rare in moss and sail samples.
Striae are uniseriate, composed of slit-like areolae, located in shallow depressions, Dlslr.: Antarctic Continent (Roberts & McMinn 1996), Campbell Island
uninterruptedly continuing on the valve face. Marginal spines on every observed (Hickman & Viu 1973), South Orkney Islands (Oppenheim 1990, Jones el al.
specimen, placed on the interstriae. Apical porefields at both ends, consisting of 1993), Kerguelen (Larson 1978, Le Cohu & Maillard 1986), South Georgia (Van
several parallel rows of poroids. Head pole porefield always smaller to hardly de Vijver & Beyens 1996).
undetectable. No rimoportula observed. Girdle structure not examined. Remarks: S. vellter can easily be confused with F. mail/ardii but should be
Ecol.: Rare on Ile de la Possession. Observed only in three smalliakes, two in the distinguished by its larger UW ratio. In carlier ecological papers on lie de la
Vallée des Géants witb pH 7-7,5 and specifie condnctance 1730-2090flS/cm Possession (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1998b, 1999a&b) S. veiller has been
(samples BW210, BW216) and one on La Grande Conlée with pH 8,3 and a confused with Fragilaria constrllens var. sllbsalina (Hustedt) Hustedt and
specifie conductance of 1472flS (BW254). Ali lakes were influenced by birds Fragilaria el/iptica Schnmann. Aller thorough (SEM) examination, ail observed
(Giant Petrels) and seaspray. valves appeared ta belong to S. venter.
Dislr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974), Macquarie Island
(Bunt 1954), South Orkney Islands (Oppenheim & Ellis-Evans 1989, Oppenheim
1990, Oppenbeim & Greenwood (990). Surirella Turpin 1828
:'> f' ".
Slallrosira pÙlllala Ehrenberg PI. 14/15-23 Surirella alIgusta var. cOlIstricta Hustedt P1.l3211-S
in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (l99Ia) p.156 pl.l33 figs.I-18 in Bourrelly & Manguin (1954) p.42 pUI fig.104
Syn.: Fragilaria pinnata Ehrenberg Morph.: Valves isopolar, rather linear with concave margins in the rniddle part
Morph.: Valves linear ta elliptical laneeolate, slightly heteropolar (L 10-25flm, and broadly rounded sometimes cuneate ends (L 30-90~lm, W 8-l3flm, 20-25
W 3-4,5Jlm, 10 striae in IOJlm). Axial area fairly narraw, linear ta slightly striae in IOflm). No wings present. Psendoinfundibula 40-53 in 100flm. Striation
lanceolate. Striae parallel, composed of slit-like arealae, continuing withaut pattern fairly resalvable in LM.
interruption onta the mantle face. Marginal spilles almost always detected, Ecol.: Rare in dry, slightly aeid sail samples with law marient, salinity and
sometirnes occurring in groups of 2-4. No rimoportula, but one or two apical specifie conductance values. Absent in masses. Highest abundanee was reached
porefields present. Girdle consists of 5 separate copulae, slightly curved near the in sample BW 116, a small, slightly acid pool taken from the Vallée des
pales. Branloires.
 118 119

Distr.: Kerguelen (Bourrelly & Manguin 1954, Larson 1974, Le Cohu & Maillard Acknowledgements
1986, Van de Vijver et al. 1998a, 2001), Crozet (Pierre 1977).
Remarks: Manguin identified this taxon as S. angusta var. constricta Hustedt but This volume of Bibliotheca Diatomologica is not the result of the work of the
he adds immcdiately that it is probably a new form sinee it can be 'sufficiently three authors al one.
differentiated' from bath the nominale species as the variety.
During the three sampling campaigns, our ~vork on ne de la Possession bas been
largely eased by the help of many fellow 'Crozeltiens', especially Prof. Dr. Eric
Tabularia (Kützing) Williams & Round 1986 Vidal. The District Chiefs are thanked for their willingness to accept our sampling
program on the island.
Tabularla fasciculara (Agardh) Williams & Round P1.9/8-9
in Williams & Round (1986) p.326 figs.46-52 prof. em. Dr. René Le Cohu (Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse), Dr. Luc Denys
Syn.: Fragitariafasciculata (Agardh) Lange-Bertalot (lnstituut voor Natuurbehoud, Brussel), Drs. Koenraad Vanhoutte (Universiteit
Morph.: Valves lanceolate to linear-Ianceolate (larger specimens) with bluntly Gent), Dr. Pierre Compère (Nationale Plantentuin, Meise), Dr. Ditmar Metzeltin
rounded, sometimes subcapitate ends (L 40-60llm, W4-6Jlm. 13-15 striae in and Prof. em. Dr. Horst Lange-Bertalot (Botaniscbes Institut der J.W. Goethe-
lO~m). Axial area lanceolate, fairly narrow. Striae paralle!. One, rarely two Universitat, Frankfurt) are acknowledged for ail the stimulating discussions about
rimoportula(e) even in LM clearly visible. morphology, taxonomy and identification ofseveral difficult taxa.
Ecol.: Rare on Ile de la Possession. Most valves \Vere found in soil samples.
Distr.: South Georgia (Van de Vijver & Beyens 1997a). Not yet recorded in other A special word of tbanks definitely should go to Inge Van Dyck, Drs. Pieter
(Sub-)Antarctic freshwater literature but migbt be considered to be a brackisb or Ledeganck and Dr. Chris De Jongbe for carefully reading and correcting the
even marine instead of a freshwater taxon. manuscript.
Remarks: Sinee ooly a few valves \Vere observed during the su.rvcy, no SEM
study could he done. Data on the SEM-structure are lacking therefore. Alfred Scballenberg, Marianne Samson and André De Munck are thanked for
tbeir help with tbe photographic part of this volume. Tbe Laboratory for
Cellbiology and Histology (Prof. Dr. J.P. Timmermans) provided the necessary
SEM facilities. Jan Van Daele resolved more than once problems with the
Scanning Electron Microscope.

Tbis survey has heen made possible with tbe logistic and financial support of the
"Institut Polaire Français - Paul Emile Victor" (IPEV, France (fonner IFRTP))
witbin tbe framework of the Terrestrial Program 136 (Dr. Y. Frenot, Station
Biologique de Paimpont, Université de Rennes). Additional funding was
provided by the Science Foundation, Flanders (FWO).

Bart Van de Vijver is a postdoctoral researcber atthe FWO, Flanders.

 120 121

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Oppenheim, D.R. & Greenwood, R. (1990). Epiphytie diatoms in Iwo freshwater Journal ofPaieolil/Illology, 3: 55-74.
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157-194.
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6(4): 483-489.
 131

Plates 1-120

Taxa are arranged following the traditional, hypothetieally phylogenetieal order.

(L ~ length, W ~ Width)

Centrales: Plates 1-6 p132-143

Araphidae: Plates 7-18 pl44-167
Monoraphidae: Plates 19-33 p168-197
Biraphidae: Plates 34-132 p198-394
 132

Plate 1

Fig. 1-15 Aulacoseira distans (Ehrenberg) Simonsen

Fig. 1-5: LM (x1500), valve view

Fig. 6-9: LM (x1500), girdle view
Fig. 10: SEM, single valve \Vith bifurcating spines
Fig. Il: SEM, 2 complete frustules with girdle bands
Fig. 12: SEM, frustules with linking spines
Fig. 13: SEM, detail of linking spines
Fig. 14: SEM, fi:ustules with simple iinking spines
6-9
Fig. 15: SEM, valve with linking spines with cnlarged endings

Scale bar represents 101lIll exccpt for figs. 13 & 15 wherc scale bar rcpresents l}lill.
 134

Plate 2

Fig. 1-9 Melosira aff. guil!aumilJii Manguin ex Kosciolek & Reviers

Fig. 1-6: LM (x150Q), valve view

Fig. 7-9: LM (x1500), girdle view ofseveral complete eeUs (figs. 8 & 9 reprcsent the
same valves at diffcrcnt focus levels)

Fig. 10-17 Melosira dickiei (Tbwaites) Kützing

Fig. 10-14: LM (xI500), valve view

Fig. 15-17: LM (x 1500), girdle view ofseveral complete cells with interna! colIs

Fig. 18-25 Melosira echillata Manguin

Fig. 18-23: LM (xI500), valve view

Fig. 24-25: LM (x1500), girdle vicw ofseveral complete cells

Scalc bar represents 1O~m.

18-23

24-25
 136

Plate 3

Fig. 1-12 Ort"oseira roesealla (Rabenhorst) Q'Meara

Fig. 1-10: LM (x J500), valve view

Fig. 11-12: LM (x J500), girdlc vicw of several frustules

Fig. 13-14 Melosira ec!ri"ata Manguin

Fig. 13: SEM, mantle vicw, the spines are clearly visible on the valve face
Fig. 14: SEM, valve face view

Fig. 15-16 Melosira aff. gui/laumillU Manguin ex Kociolek & Reviers

Fig. 15: SEM, valve face view 11-12

Fig. 16: SEM, valve face view

Scale bar represents 1O~m.

 138

Plaie 4

Fig. 1-8 OrtllOseira hiportulata Van de Yijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-4: LM (xI500), valve vicw

Fig. 5: SEM, cxtcrnal valve view
Fig. 6: SEM, cxtemal valve view
Fig. 7: SEM, internaI valve view
Fig. 8. SEM, entirc ccII, mantlc view

Scalc bar rcpresents 101lm.

 140

Plate 5

Fig. 1-8 Cavel'Jlosa kapitiallll Stidolph

Fig. 1-2: LM (x1500), valve view

Fig. 3: LM (xJ500), girdlc view oftwo complete cells
Fig. 4: SEM, cxtemal vicw, detai! of valve surface
Fig. 5: SEM, external valve view
Fig. 6: SEM, external girdle view
Fig. 7: SEM, extemai valve view
Fig. 8. SEM, internaI valve view

Scale bar rcpresents 101lm.

 142

Plate 6

Fig. 1-11 Cyclotella melleg/rillialla Kützing

Fig. 1-7: LM (x 1500), valve view

Fig. 8: SEM, extemal valve view
Fig. 9: SEM, cxtcmal valve view
Fig. 10: SEM, detail of valve margin with mantlc fultoportula
Fig. II: SEM, internai valve view

Seale bar reprcsents lO}1ITI except for fig. 10 wherc seale bar represents Illm.
 144

Plate 7

Fig. 1-31 Fragilaria capucÎllu Desmazières

Fig. 1-13: Fragilaria capucina morphotype 1, LM (x1500)

Fig. 14-18: Fragilaria capuci"a morphotype 3, LM (x1500)
Fig. 19-31: Fragilaria caplicilla morphotypc 2, LM (x1500)

Scalc bar reprcsents IOj..lm.

 146

Plate 8

Fig. 1-9 Fragilal"ia germainii Reîchardt & Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1-5, 7-9: LM (x 1500), figs. 2&3 same valve with diffcrcnl focus
Fig. 6: LM (x 1500), teratologieal form

Fig. t 0 Fragilaria cf. germai"U Reichardt & Lange-Bcrtalot

Fig. JO: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 11-15 FragiLaria germai"ii f. acostala Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 11-15: LM (xl 500)

Fig. 16-17 Fragilaria ""svike"si.~ Van de Vijver. Denys & Beyens

Fig. 16: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 17: SEM, view of several frustules

Scalc bar rcprcscnts lOllm.

 148

Plate 9

Fig. 1-7 Fragilaria pulchella (Ralfs) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1-6: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 7: SEM, extemal valve view, detail of central area

Fig. 8-9 Tabulariaf"sciclliata (Agardh) Williams & Round

Fig. 8-9: LM (xI500)

. Scale bar represents l O~tm.

 150

Plate la

Fig. 1-19 (20-22'1) Frallkophila maillartfii (Le Cohu) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1-14: LM (xI500)

1 20-21

Fig. 15-16: LM (x 1500), girdle view

Fig. 17: SEM, exte1l1a\ valve view
Fig. 18: SEM, dctail of raphe vestiges
Fig. 19: SEM, extemal valve view
Fig. 20-21: LM (x2000), non-spinase fanns with longer raphe vestiges
Fig. 22: SEM, external valve view, non-spinase form

Fig. 23-35 Opephom lIavealla Le Colm

Fig. 23-31: LM (xI500)

Fig. 32 : LM (x1500), teratological fonn
Fig. 33: SEM, extemai valve view
Fig. 34: SEM, extcmal girdJe view
Fig. 35: SEM, externai valve view

Scalc bar reprcsents lOj.l.m except for figs. 18, 19 & 22 where scale bar represcnts l)lm.
 152

Plate 11

Fig. 1-18 StaurosÎl'a circula Van de Vijver & Beyens

Fig 1-12: LM (x2000), different valve outlines and striation patterns

Fig. 13,15,17: SEM, externai valve vicw
Fig. 14: SEM, internaI valve view. Note the presence of vela
Fig. 16: SEM, girdle view

Seale bar represents lO~lm except for figs. 13·15 & 17 where scale bar rcpresents 1~lm.
 154

Plate 12

Fig. 1-16Staurosirajolillae Van de Vijvcr

Fig. 1-11: LM (xI500)

Fig. 12: SEM, extemal valve view
Fig. 13: SEM, girdle view
Fig. 14: SEM, internai valve view
Fig. 15-16: SEM, cxtcmal valve view

Scale bar reprcsents lOj,lm.

 156

PlaIe 13

Fig. 1-7 Staul'osËl'u leptmitauron Ehrenberg

Fig. 1-5: LM (xI500)

Fig. 6-7: SEM, extcmal valve view

Fig. 8-18 Staurosira II/arlyi (Héribaud) Lange-Bertala!

Fig. 8-16: LM (xI500)

Fig. 17-18: SEM, extemaJ valve view

Scalc bar represents l O~lm.

 158

Plate 14

Fig. 1-14 Stauros;ra alpestris (Krasske) Van de Vijvcr nov. comb.

Basionym: Fragilaria alpes/ris Krasske

Fig. 1-11: LM (xl500)

Fig. 12-14: SEM, cxtemal and internaI valve views

Fig. 15-23 Staul'osiru pÙI1Ia(a Elrrenberg

Fig. 15-20: LM (xI500)

Fig. 21-22: SEM, cxtemal valve view
Fig. 23: SEM, detail of apical poreficld

Scale bar rcprcsents lO~m except for fig. 23 wherc scale bar represents 1J1ID.
 160

PlaIe lS

Fig. 1-8, 10-11 SIal/rosira

Fig. 1-7: LM (x 1500)

l'el' 1er (Ehrenberg) Cleve & Miiller 1
9
Fig. 8: LM (x 1500), girdle vicw
Fig. 9: LM (x1500), Fra1lkophi/a maillardii for comparison
Fig. 10: SEM, Slaurosira veiller \Vith StauroJarma exiguijormis (Langc.Bertalot)
Flower, Jones & Kosciolck
Fig. Il: SEM, external valve vicw

Fig. 12-26 Stol/ra/arma exigl/iformL, (Lange-Berta lot) Flower, Jones &

Kosciolek

Fig. 12-23: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 24: SEM, spinose form
Fig. 25: SEM spinose forrn, detail of developed apical porefield
Fig. 26: SEM, spinose Conn

Scale bar represents 1O~m except for figs. Il & 25 wherc scale barc represents 1~tm.
 162

Plaie 16

Fig. 1-4 Siaur%rma exiguifo1'mis (Lange-Bertalot) Flowcr, Jones & Kociolek

Fig. 1-4: SEM, extemal valve view, spinase and non-spillose forms without apical
porefields

Fig. 5-17 Elillotia spec.l

Fig. 5-15: LM (x 1500), valve view

Fig. 16-17: LM (x [500), mantle view, note the raphe endings

Seale bar represents IOpm.

 164

Plate 17

Fig. 1 Elillotia spec.l

Fig. l: SEM, external valve view

Fig. 2-16 Ermotia paludosa Gnmow var. pallidosa

Fig. 2-14: LM (xl 500), valve view

Fig. 15: LM (x 1500), mantle view, note the raphe cndings
Fig. 16: SEM, external valve view

Fig. 17-19 ElII/oÜa fallux eleve-Euler

Fig. 17-19: LM (x1500), valve view

Seale bar represents lOllm.

 166

Plate 18

Fig. 1-24 Eunotia muscico!a KIasske var. lIIuscicola

Fig. 1-11: LM (x1500)1 valve view

Fig. 12: SEM, extemal valve view
Fig. 13-23: LM (x1500), valve view with > 5 dorsal undulations
Fig. 24: SEM, ex.tema\ valve view

Seale bar represcnts 1O~m.

13-23
 168

Plate 19

Fig. 1-11 AcJlIlallt/res muel/eri Carlson

Fig. 1-11: LM (x1500)

Scalc bar rcprcsents 1O~m.

34

10-11

80S
 170

Plate 20

Fig. 1-8 AcllIIunthes lIIuelleri Carlson

Population fram TIe de la Possession

Fig. 1: SEM, external raphe valve view
Fig. 2: SEM, internai raphe valve view
Fig. 3: SEM, extemal rapheless valve vicw
Fig. 4: SEM, internaI rapheless valve view

Population from South Georgia from where the taxon was previously describcd
Fig. 5: SEM, cxtcrnal rapbe valve view
Fig. 6: SEM, externaI raphe valve vicw, detail of the terminal fissures
Fig. 7: SEM, external rapheless valve view
Fig. 8: SEM, internal rapheless valve view

Seale bar rcprcsents 1O~lm.

 172

Plate 21

Fig. 1-10 AcJmulltftes naviformis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-5: LM (xI500)

Fig. 6: SEM, extcrnal raphe valve view
Fig. 7: SEM, extemal raphe valve vicw, delail of central porcs
Fig. 8: SEM, extemal rapheless valve view
Fig. 9: SEM, internaI raphc valve view
Fig. 10: SEM, internai raphclcss valve view

Scale bar represents JOllli.

 174

Plate 22

Fig. 1-9, 19-20 AchnullthidiUI1I milllltis~..imum (Kützing) Czarnecki

Fig. 1-4: LM (x 1500), rapheless valves

Fig. 5-9: LM (x1500), raphe valves
Fig. 19: SEM, cxtemal raphc valve view
Fig. 20: SEM, extemal rapheless valve vicw 1·4 5-9

Fig. 10-18, 21-22 Aclwullthidiultl modesfiforme (Lange-Beltalot) Van de Vijver

nov. comb.
Basionyrn: Ac/mantlles modestiformis Langc-Bertalot

Fig. 10-15: LM (x2000), rapheless valves

Fig. 16-18: LM (x2000), raphe valves
Fig.21: SEM, extcrnal raphe valve view
Fig. 22: SEM, internai rapheless valve vicw
16-18

Seale bar represents lO)llli.

 176

Plate 23

Fig. 1-6 PlanofhidiulIl cyclophorlllII (Heiden) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym: Acll11amhes cyc!ophora Hcidcn

Fig. 1-3: LM (x 1500), raphe valves

Fig. 4-6: LM (x 1500), rapheless valves

Fig. 7-14 Plallothidium lallceo[afum (Brébisson) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 7-10: LM (xI5OO), raphe valves

Fig. 11-14: LM (xI500), rapheless valves

Fig. 15-28 Plallothidil/l11 al/eri (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 15-21: LM (xl 500), raphe valves

Fig. 22-28: LM (x 1500), rapheless valves

Fig. 29-34 Plallothidil/l1I delicatull/l11 (Kützing) Round & Bukthiyarova

Fig. 29-31: LM (x 1500), raphe valves

Fig. 32-34: LM (xI500), rapheless valves

Fig. 35-41 Plallotlridil/l11 "ellei (Lange-Bertalot & Schmidt) Van de Vijver nov.
comb.
Basionym: Ac/manilles renei Langc.Bertalot & Schmidt

Il
Fig. 35-37: LM (x2000), Taphe valves
Fig. 38-41: LM (x2000), rapheless valves

Fig. 42-49 PlalJothidiulII quadripullctatum (Oppenheim) Sabbe

Fig. 42-44: LM (x2000), rophe valves 35.37 22-28

Fig. 45-49: LM (x2000), rapbeless valves
32·34

Scalc bar represents IOfJ,m.

 178

Plate 24

Fig. 1-2 Planothidium reneï (Lallge-Bertalot & Schmidt) Van de Vijver nov.
comb.
Basionym: Ac/manlhes renei Langc-Bcrtalot & Schmidt

Fig. 1: SEM, extemal rapheless valve view

Fig. 2: SEM, internai raphc valve vicw

Fig. 3 Plallothitlium alleri (K.rasske) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 3: SEM, view externa1 raphc valve view

Fig. 4-5 PlallothÜUulII quadripullctatulfI (Oppcnheirn) Sabbe

Fig. 4: SEM, external rapheless valve vicw

Fig. 5: SEM, extemal raphe valve view

Fig. 6-7 Pianothidiu11I cyclophorum (Heiden) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym: Achnanthes cyclophora Heiden

Fig. 6: SEM, internai rapheless valve view

Fig. 7: SEM, internaI raphe valve vicw

Fig. 8-9 P/llllothidiulIl /allceolatlllII (Brébîsson) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 8: SEM, external raphclcss valve view

Fig. 9: SEM, external raphe valve view

Scalc bar rcpresents lO)lm except for figs. 1, 2,4 & 5 where scale bar represents l )lm.
 180

Plate 25

Fig. 1-17 PlalJothidiulIl densistriatum Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-6: LM (xI500), rapheless valves

Fig. 7-12: LM (xI500), raphe valves
Fig. 13: SEM, extemal raphe valve view
Fig. 14-15: SEM, extemal rapheless valve views
Fig. 16: SEM, internai raphe valve view
Fig. 17: SEM, extemal raphe valve vicw

Seale bar represents lOlllll.

7-12
I~-~'
 182

Plate 26

Fig. 1-17 Planothidium mUl'gillostriutum Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-7: LM (x 1500), rapheless valves

Fig. 8-]4: LM (x 1500), r.phe valves
Fig. 15: SEM, extemal rapheless valve vicw
Fig. 16: SEM, external raphe valve views
Fig. 17: SEM, interna! raphcless valve view

Seale bar represents 101lm.

 184

Plate 27

Fig. 1-10 Eucoccolleis aretasii (Manguin) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1-5: LM (x 1500), raphe valves

Fig. 6-10: LM (xI500), rapheless valves

Fig. 11-17 PsammothidiulII tltel'cziellii (Le Colm & Maillard) Van de Vijver nov,
comb.
Basionym: Cocconeis therezienii Le Cohu & Maillard

Fig. 11-14: LM (x 1500), raphe valves

Fig. /5-17: LM (xI500), rapheless valves

Fig. 18-25 PSQllllllotltidiulIl ob/ongel/u", (Oestrup) Van de Vijvcr nov. comb.

Basionym: AcJmanthes ohlongella Oestrup
11-14
Fig. 18-21: LM (x 1500), raphe valves
Fig. 22-25: LM (xI500), rapheless valves

Fig. 26-33 PsammoihidiulII germai/rii (Manguin) Sabbe

Fig. 26-30: LM (x 1500), raphe valves

Fig. 31-33: LM (xI500), rapheless valves

Scalc bar represents 1O~m.

18-21
 186

Plate 28

Fig. 1 Eucocconeis aretasii (Manguin) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1: SEM, externaJ raphe valve view

Fig. 2 PsammothidiulII germainii (Manguin) Sabbc

Fig. 2: SEM, external raphe valve view

Fig. 3-4 Psa11llllothidiuIII therezienii (Le Colm & Maillard) Van de Vijver nov.
comb.
Basiol1ym: Cocconeis therezienii Le Cohu & Maillard

Fig. 3: SEM, cxtcmal rapheless valve view

Fig. 4: SEM, external raphe valve vicw

Fig. 5 PsammothidiulII ohlollgellu11l (Oestrup) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym: Aclmanlhes oblongella Oestmp

Fig. 5: SEM, extcmal raphe valve view

Scale bar represents 1O~lm.

 188

Plate 29

Fig. 1-11 Psam/llothit/iulII ;lJcogni!lI'" (Krasske) Van de Vijver nov. comb

Basionym : Achnanthes Ù/cognita Krasskc

Fig. 1-5: LM (x 1500), ,aphe valves

Fig. 6-11: LM (x 1500), rapheless valves

Fig. 12-19 PsawmothidiulII ;IIves/ialls (Carter) Bukhtiyarova.

Fig. 12-15: LM (x 1500), ,aphe valves

Fig. 16-19: LM (x 1500), ,apheless valves

Fig. 20-33 PSUllllllotlridiulII mUIIguinii (GennaÎl1) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym : AcJmOfllhes manguimï Gennain

Fig. 20-25: LM (x 1500), ,aphe valves

Fig. 26-33: LM (x 1500), ,apheless valves
Fig. 26-30 represent raphe valves, formerly described as the var. eltiplÙ:a by Manguin.

Fig. 34-41 Psammot/,idiulII stuurone;oides (Manguin) Bukhtiyarova

Fig. 34-38: LM (x2000), ,aphe valves

Fig. 39-41: LM (x2000), ,apheless valves

Fig. 42-52 PsumlIIothidiulII suhatomoides (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova & Round.

Fig. 42-47: LM (x2000), ,apheless valves

Fig. 48-52: LM (x2000), ,aphe valves

Scale bar represents lO~m.

 190

Plate 30

Fig. 1-2 PsammolhidiulII ;IlcogllitUIII (Krasske) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym : Ac/manIlles incognita Krasskc

Fig. 1: SEM. cxtemal raphclcss valve vicw

Fig. 2: SEM, extemal raphe valve vicw

Fig. 3-4 PsumlIIothidium stauTolleioides (Manguin) Bukhtiyarova

Fig. 3: SEM, extcmal raphe valve view

Fig. 4: SEM, externat rapheless valve view

Fig. 5·8 PsammothidiulIllllallguÎllfi (Germain) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym : Acll11anthes manguil1ii Gemlain

Fig. 5: SEM, cxtemal raphe valve view

Fig. 6: SEM, externat raphe valve view (var. elliptica)
Fig. 7: SEM, internai rapheless valve view
Fig. 8: SEM, cxtemal raphcless valve vicw (var. ellipliea)

Fig. 9 PsammothitliulII suhatomoides (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova & Round.

Fig. 9: SEM, cxtcmal raphe valve view

Scale bar represents 1°11111.

 192

Plate 31

Fig. 1-13 PsammothÙlium abll1ulllllS (Manguin) Bukbtiyarova & Round

Fig. 1-6: LM (x2000). raphc valves

Fig. 7-13: LM (x2000), rapheless valves

Fig. 14-22 PsammothidiulII coltfmmm (Manguin) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym : Achnanthes cmifusa Manguin

Fig. 14-19: LM (x2000), rapheless valves

Fig. 20-22: LM (x2000), raphe valves

Fig. 23-30 PsamlllotlridiulII con[IISUIII var. atamoMes (Manguin) Van de VljVer 7-13
nov. comb.
Basionym : Aclmanthes confusa var. atomoides Manb'l.Iin

Fig. 23-26: LM (x2000), rapheless valves

Fig. 27-30: LM (x2000), raphe valves

Fig. 31-40 Psammothidium confusiforme Van de Vijver & Beyens spec. nov.

Fig. 31-35: LM (x2000), rapheless valves

Fig. 36-40: LM (x2000), raphe valves

Scalc bar represents lOllln.

23-26 27-30

36-40
 194

Plate 32

Fig. 1-3 Psallllllothitlium abUlldalls (Manguin) Bukbtiyarova

Fig. 1: SEM, external raphe valve view

Fig. 2: SEM, external rapheless valve vicw
Fig. 3: SEM, intel11al raphe & raphclcss valve view

Fig. 4 Psallllllotlridium confusum var. atomoides (Manguin) Van de Vijver nov.

comb.
Basionym: Ac/manflles cO/1fusa var. atomoides Manguin

Fig. 4: SEM, extemal raphelcss valve view

Fig. 5-6 PsumlllothidiulIl confus1I11I (Manguin) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym: Acl111anlfJes conJusa Manguin

Fig. 5: SEM, extemal rapheless valve view

Fig. 6: SEM, external raphc valve view

Fig. 7-8 Psammotltidium c01lfusifol'lIIe Van de Vijver & Beycns spec. nov.

Fig. 7-8: SEM, external raphclcss valve view

Seale bar rcprescnts 1O~tm.

 196

Plate 33

Fig. 1-5 Psammotlridium levallderi (Hustedt) Czamecki

Fig. 1-3: LM (x2000), raphid (fig. 1) and araphid (figs.2-3) valves

Fig. 4: SEM, cxtemal rapheless valve view
Fig. 5: SEM, extemal raphe valve vÎew

Fig. 6-18 Coccolleis IIeotlllllllellS;s Krammer

Fig. 6-11: LM (x20oo), rapheless valves

Fig. 12-16: LM (x2000), raphe valves
Fig. 17: SEM, externat rapheless valve
Fig. 18: SEM, externat raphc valve

Seale bar represents 1Olim.

6·11

12-16
 198

Plate 34

Fig. 1-14 Napela chilellsis (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1-13: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 14: SEM, cxtcmal valve view

Scale bar represents IOj.lm.

 200

Plate 35

Fig. 1-8 Navicll!a hiceplrala Hustedt

Fig. 1-8: LM(xI500)

Fig. 9-18 Navicula gl'egaria Donkin

Fig. 9-18: LM (xI500)

Fig. 19-28 Navicula venetiformis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 19-28: LM (xI500)

Fig. 29-35 Navicula velle(a Kützing

Fig. 29-35: LM (xI500)

Scale bar represents 1Û/llli.

1
 202

Plate 36

Fig. 1-2 Nav;clIlt, biceplrala Hustedt

Fig. 1: SEM, external valve view

Fig. 2: SEM, internai valve view

Fig. 3 Navicula gregaria Donkin

Fig. 3: SEM, cxtcmal valve view

Fig. 4 Navicu/a veneta Kützing

Fig. 4: SEM, external valve view

Fig. 5 Navicula velleliformis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 5: SEM, extemal valve view

Scale bar rcpresents l O~m.

 204

Plate 37

Fig. 1-8 Navicula ectoris Van de Vijver nov. spec.

Fig. 1·7: LM (xI5DD)

Fig. 8: SEM, extcmal valve view

Fig. 9·15 Navicl/la spec.!

Fig. 9·14: LM (xISDD)

Fig. 15: SEM, external valve view

Seale bar reprcscnts lOllm.

 206

Plate 38

Fig. 1-11 Sellllplwl'u tumida Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-10: LM (x2000)

Fig. Il: SEM, externa1 valve view

Fig. 12-21 Sel/apltora suballtarctica Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 12-20: LM (x2000)

Fig.21: SEM, cxtcmal valve view

Seale bar represents 1O~lm.

 208

Plate 39

Fig. 1-8 (9-14?) Naviculadicta semÙllllul1I (Grunow)

Fig. 1-8 (9-14?): LM (x2000)

Fig. 15-28 Naviculadicta etoralttalla Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 15-28: LM (x2000)

Fig. 29-33 Eolimllu minima (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 29-33: LM (x2000)

Scale bar represents lOllm.

15-28

29-33
 210

Plate 40

Fig. 1-2 Navicu/mlictll seminu/um (Grunow)

Fig. 1-2: SEM, extemal valve views

Fig. 3 Nilvicliladicta efOl'lIlltallll Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 3: SEM, extemal valve view

Fig. 4 EoliwlJlI minima (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 4: SEM, extemal valve view

ScaJe bar represenls ) O~m.

 212

Plate 41

Fig. 1-5 NllVicullu/icta spec.l

Fig.I-3: LM (x2600)
Fig. 4: SEM, external valve view
Fig. 5: SEM, internai valve view

Fig. 6-15 Naviculadicta spec.2

Fig.6-14: LM (x2000)
Fig. 15: SEM, extemal valve vicw

Scale bar represents l O~m.

 214

Plate 42

Fig. 1-11 Navicula arvemÛs Hustedt

Fig.I-IO: LM (x2000)
Fig. II: SEM, cxtcmal valve vicw

Fig. 12-22 Mayumaea atolllllS (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot var. atomus

Fig. 12-21: LM (x2000)

Fig. 22: SEM, internaI valve view

Fig. 23-27 Mayamaea atOJIIllS (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot var. permitis

Fig. 23-27: LM (x2000)

Fig. 28 Mayumaeafossalis (Krasskc) Lange-Beltalot var.fossulis

Fig. 28 : LM (x2000)

Fig. 29-31 Hippodollta Ill/llgarica (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin &

Witkowski

Fig. 29-31: LM (xI500)

Scale bar rcprcsents IOMm cxcept for figs. Il & 22 where scalc bar represents l/-lm.
 216

Plate 43

Fig. 1-14 Adlafta bryophila (Petersen) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1-7: 'Navicllia bfJ'Ophila' LM (xlSOO)

Fig. 8-14: <Navicula maillm'di; Germain' LM (x1500)

1-7
1
Fig. 15-20 Adlaftafrel/otii Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 15-20: LM (KI500)

Fig. 21-26 Adlafta millllscula (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 21-26: LM (<2000) 8-14

Fig. 27-31 Fallacia lel/lii (Hustedt) Mann 1

Fig. 27-29: LM (x2000)
Fig. 30-31: LM (<2600)

Scale bar represents IOIlJn.

15-20

21-26

27-29 30-31
 218

Plate 44

Fig. 1 Aillllfia bryophi/II (Petersen) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1: 'Navicula mailfardii Gcmlain' SEM, cxternal valve view

Fig. 2-3 Aillllfia lIlillliSCli[a (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 2: SEM, internaI valve view, detail of central raphe cndings

Fig. 3: SEM, extemai valve view

Fig. 4-5 Adlafiafrellotii Van de Vijver & Beyens spec. nov.

Fig. 4: SEM, internai valve vicw

Fig. 5: SEM, cxtcmal valve view

Seale bar rcprcscnts 1O~lm except for fig. 2 where seale bar reprcsents Illm.
 220

Plate 45

Fig. 1-14 Adlafia bryoplriloides (Manguin) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym: Navicula blyophi/oides Manguin

Fig. 1-8: LM (xI500)

Fig. 9: SEM, external valve view
Fig. la: SEM, cxtemal valve view, dctail oftenninal raphe fissures
Fig. Il: SEM, intemal valve view
Fig. 12: SEM, internaI valve view, detail of central raphe cnrlings
Fig. 13: SEM, internai valve view, detai} of terminal raphe cnrlings
Fig. 14: SEM, detail of girdie vicw

Seale bar represents lO/1m.

 222

Plate 46

Fig. 1-11 Adlafia linearis (Maillard) Van de Vijver nov. comb. nov. stat.
Basionym: Navicula blyophi/oides var. linearis (Maillard)

Fig. 1-8: LM (xISOO)

Fig. 9: SEM, internaI valve view, detail of terminal raphe endings
Fig. 10: SEM, cxtcmal valve view
Fig. II: SEM, internaI valve view

Scalc bar rcpresents 1O~lm ex.cept for fig. 9 where scale bar represents 11101.
 224

Plate 47

Fig. 1-10 Cratfeula salsugillosa Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-7: LM (xI500)

Fig. 8: SEM, extemal valve view
Fig. 9: SEM, cxtcmal valve view, detaii of central raphe endings
Fig. 10: SEM, external valve vicw, detail oftcm1inal raphe fissure

Scale bar represcnts 1O~m cxcept for Fig. 9-10 where scale bar rcpresents 1Mm.
 226

Plate 48

Fig. 1-8, 13-14 Craticula sl/bmolesta (Hustedt) Lange-BertaJot

Fig. 1-8: LM (xI500)

Fig. 13: SEM, extemal valve view
Fig. 14: SEM, internaI valve view

Fig. 9-\2 Craticula cf. submolesta (Hustedt) Langc-Bertalot

Fig. 9-12: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 15-21 Cl'aticlila vixllegligellda Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 15-21: LM(xI500)

Seale bar represents 1O~m.

15-21
 228

Plate 49

Fig. 1-8 Geissleria taajiana Van de Vijver & Le Cobu

Fig. 1-8: LM (xI500)

Fig. 9-17 Geisslel'Ïa subantarctica Van de Vijver & Le Cohu

Fig. 9-17: LM (x1500)

Fig. 18-23 Geissleria pail/dosa Morphotype II (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 18-22: LM (xI500)

Fig. 23: SEM, external valve vicw

Scale bar represents lO~m.

18-22
 230

PlaIe 50

Fig. 1-3 Gei:l'sleria taafiallQ Van de Vijver & Le Cohu

Fig. 1: SEM, external valve view

Fig. 2: SEM. intemal valve view, detail of central arca
Fig. 3: SEM, cxtcmal valve view, detail of central area

Fig. 4-6 Geissleria slIbalJtarctica Van de Vijver & Le Cobu

Fig. 4: SEM, cxtcmal valve vicw

Fig. 5: SEM, extemal valve view, detail oftenninal raphe endings
Fig. 6: SEM, cxtcmal valve vicw, dctail of central raphe cndings

Seale bar represcnts lOJ.lm cxccpt for figs. 2 & 3 where seale bar rcprcsents 1J.lm.
 232

Plate 51

Fig. 1-7 Kohayasiella slibantarctica Van de Vijver & Vanhoutte nov. spec.

Fig. 1-4: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 5: SEM) cxtcmal valve view. dctail of central raphe endings
Fig. 6: SEM, extemal valve view
Fig. 7: SEM, internai valve view

Scalc bar represents IOjilll except for fig. 5 where scale bar represents 1jim.
 234

Plate 52

Fig. J-15 Leco/mi« gellicillata (Gennain) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1-13: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 14: SEM. extemal valve view
Fig. 15: SEM, internai valve view

Scale bar represents IOllm.

 236

Plate 53

Fig. 1-3 MlleLleria IllclIlellla Spaulding & Kociolek

Fig. 1-3: LM (xl 500)

Fig. 4-10 Mllelleria varipllllciala Spaulding & Kociolek

Fig. 4-10: LM (xI500)

Scalc bar represents lOflm.

1-3
 238

PlaIe 54

Fig. 1-10 Cosmiolleis grossejJlIllctata (Hustedt) Mann

Fig. 1-5: LM (x1500)

Fig. 6: SEM, external valve vicw
Fig. 7: SEM, external valve view, detail oftenllinal raphe curlings
Fig. 8: SEM, external valve view, detail of central area
Fig. 9: SEM, internai valve view, detail oftemlinal raphe endings
Fig. 10: SEM, internai valve view, detail of central arca

Seale bar reprcsents 101lm.

 240

Plate SS

Fig. 1-6 Cavillll/u helerostalirOIl (Gennain) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym: Navicula heleroslauroll Germain

Fig. 1-6: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 7-16 Cavillula /reterastallrOIl var. rostrata (Gennain) Van de Vijver nov.
comb.
Basionyrn: Navicltla heterostauron var. roslrata Gennain

Fig. 7-15: LM (x2000)

Fig. 16: SEM, external valve view

Scole bar represents 1Olim.

 242

Plate 56

Fig. 1-6 LUlieoln aff. mulien (Kützing) Mann

Fig. 1-4: LM (x2000)

Fig. 5-6: SEM, extcrnal valve views

Fig. 7-11 Lutkola muticopsis (Van Heurck) Mann

Fig.7-10: LM (x 1500)
Fig.ll: SEM, extemal valve vicw
1-4

Fig. 12-16 Lutieoln sueeorum (Carlson) Mann

Fig. 12-15: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 16: SEM, extemal valve vicw

Fig. 17-18 Lillicolaparamutica var. hinodis (Bock) Mann

Fig. 17-18: LM (x 1500)

1
Scale bar reprcscnts IOIlJn.
 244

Plate 57

Fig. 1-6 Lutico/a lIIuticopsis (Van Heurck) Mann

Fig. 1-6: LM (xI500)

Fig. 7-14 Luticola ledegallckii Van de Vijver nov. spec.

Fig. 7-12: LM (xI500)

Fig. 13-14: SEM, externai valve view

Scale bar represents lOJltn.

 246

PlaIe 58

Fig. 1-7 Luticola robusta Van de Vijver, Ledeganck& Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-5: LM (xI500)

Fig. 6-7: SEM, extemal valve views

Scale bar represents lOIlIll.

 248

Plate 59

Fig. 1-9 Diadesmis arcuata (Heiden) Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1-8: LM (x2000)

Fig. 9: SEM, external valve view

Fig. 10-21 Diadesmis coste; Le Cohu & Van de Vijver

Fig. 10-20: LM (x2000)

Fig. 21: SEM, extcmal valve view

Seale bar represents 1O~m.

1-8

1
1

, 1
!!!2
 250

Plate 60

Fig. 1-5 Diadesm;s subalttarctica Le Cohu & Van de Vijver

Fig. 1-4: LM (x2000)

Fig. 5: SEM, external valve view

Fig. 6-14 Diadesmis crozetikergllelellsis Le Cohu & Van de Vijver

Fig. 6-13: LM (x2oo0)

Fig. 14: SEM, extcmai valve view

Fig. 15-19 Diadesmis [angeber/alotU Le Colm & Van de Vijver

Fig. 15-18: LM (x2000)

Fig. 19: SEM, extemal valve vicw

Scale bar represents IOllm.

6-13

15-18
 252

Plate 61

Fig. 1-5 (6?) Diadesmis contenta (Grunow) Mann

Fig. 1-4: LM (x2000)

Fig. 5: SEM, external valve view
Fig. 6: SEM, external valve view. D. contenta? without T-shaped raphe cndings

Fig. 7-12 Diadesmis compel'ei Le Cobu & Van de Vijver

1-4
Fig. 7-10: LM (x2000)
Fig. 11-12: SEM, extcmal valve vicws

Scale bar reprcsents lOllm.

7-10
 254

Plaie 62

Fig. 1-6 Diadesmis vidalii Van de Vijver & Ledeganck

Fig. 1-5: LM (x2000)

Fig. 6: SEM, cxtcmal valve view

Fig. 7-12 Diadesmis lotes/riota Van de Vijver, Ledeganck & Beyens

Fig. 7-11: LM (x2000)

Fig. 12: SEM, extema! valve vicw

Fig. 13-24 Diadesmis illgea_e Van de Vijver

Fig. 13-23: LM (x2000)

Fig. 24: SEM, extemal vaJve view

Scale bar represents 1O~m.

 256

Plate 63

Fig. 1-11 Clramaepimllliu,.ia aerophila Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-9: LM (x2000)

Fig. 10: SEM, externat valve view
Fig. II: SEM, externat valve vicw
Fig. 12: SEM, internai valve view

Fig. 13-18 Diadesmisfaurei Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec,

Fig. 13-17: LM (x2ooo)

Fig. 18: SEM, externat valve view

Scale bar represcnts IOllnI.

13·17
 258

PlaIe 64

Fig. 1-13 Fruslulia cirisiae Van de Vijver

Fig. 1-9: LM (xI500)

Fig. 10: SEM, extemal valve view
Fig. 11: SEM, extemal valve view with details of the mantle
Fig. 12: SEM, externat valve view
Fig. 13: SEM, extcmal valve vicw, details of the central area

Seale bar represenls IOj.tm.

 260

Plate 65

Fig. 1-9 Frustulia suballtal'cfica Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-5: LM (x 1500), smaller cclls

Fig. 6: SEM, internai, detai! of 'porte~crayon' stmcturç
Fig. 7: SEM, cxternaI, detail of 'porte-crayon' structure
Fig. 8: SEM, extemal, detai1 of central endillgs
Fig. 9: SEM, internai, detail of central endings

Seale bar represents 1°11111 except [or fig. 6 wherc scale bar represcnts 1\llll.
 262

PlaIe 66

Fig. 1-5 Frllstlilia slIbantarctica Van de Vijver & Seyens nov, spec.

Fig. 1-4: LM (x15OO), larger eells

Fig. 5: SEM, extemaJ valve view

Seate bar rcpresents 10Jlm.

 264

PlaIe 67

Fig. 1-6 F,.ustlllia pulchra Germain

Fig. 1-4: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 5: SEM, internai valve vicw, detail of central raphc cndings
Fig. 6: SEM, internai valve view, detail of terminal raphe endings

Seale bar rcpresents lO~m.

 266

Plate 68

Fig. 1-7 Frustulia vu/garis (Thwaites) De Toni

Fig. 1-6: LM (xI500)

Fig. 7: SEM, extcmal valve view

Scale bar reprcscnts IOJlrn.

 268

Plate 69

Fig. 1-9,11 Staurolle;s subgrtlcilis Lange-Bertalot & Krammer

Fig. 1-8: LM (x 1000), entirc valves

Fig. 9: LM (x2500), dctail of central raphe endings
Fig. II: SEM, extemal valve view, dctail of central raphe cndings

Fig. 10,]2 Staurolle;s aff. plloCllicellteroll (Nîtzscb) Ehrenberg

Fig. 10: LM (x2500), detail of central raphe endings

Fig. 12: SEM, extemal valve view, detail of central raphe curlings

Scale bar rcprcsents lOflm.

9 10
 270

Plate 70

Fig. 1-6 Stauroneis kriegeri Patrick

Fig. 1-6: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 7-10 Staurophora allllsc/lkae Wîtkowski 7-10

Fig. 7-10: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 11-19 Staurollei:,- muriella Lund

Fig. 11-19: LM (xI500)

Fig. 20-27 Slal/rolleis smillrii var. ,,"gifla (Cleve) Husredt

Fig. 20-27: LM (xl 500), the sa me valve is shawn twice, at different foeus Icvel

ScaJe bar rcpresents IOJllll.

11-19

20-27
 272

Plate 71

Fig. 1-5 Stalll'olleis obtllsa Lagerstedt

Fig. 1-5: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 6-7 StaurolleÎs obtllsa var.milloT Krasske

Fig. 6-7: LM (xI500)

Fig. 8-12 StulIrolleis grucifior (Ehrenberg) Reichardt

Fig. 8-12: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 13-14 Stuurolle;s cfr. anceps

Fig. 13-14: LM (x 1500)

Scale bar represcnts IOJ,lm.

13-14
 274

Plate 72

Fig. 1-4 Stallrolleis afro phoell;centeron (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg

Fig. 1-4: LM (xI500), entire valves

Fig. 5 Stuurolleis lJIuriella Lmld

Fig. 5; SEM, extemaI valve

Scale bar reprcsents lOJ.lnl.

 276

Plate 73

Fig. 1-15 Dialomella balj'oill'itma Greville

Fig. 1-3: LM (xI500), girdle view

Fig. 4-6: LM (x 1500), septa
Fig. 7-11: LM (xI500)
Fig. 12: SEM, external girdle view
Fig. 13: SEM, internai valve view
Fig. 14: SEM, sepluIll (specimen from Zackenberg Area, Grcenland for comparisonl
Fig. 15: SEM, extcmai valve view

Seale bar represcnts 1O~m.

 278

Plate 74

Fig. 1-8 Diplolleis suhovalis Clcve

Fig. 1-6: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 7: SEM, external valve view
Fig. 8: SEM, internai valve vicw

Scalc bar represcnts 10lJ,m.

 280

Plate 75

Fig. 1-9 Neitli1l11l auhertii Manguin

Fig. 1-6: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 7: SEM, exterual valve view
Fig. 8: SEM, extemal valve view, dctail of central raphe cndings
Fig. 9: SEM, cxt'cmal valve vicw, detaiI of central rapbe cndings

Scale bar reprcscnts 1O~lm.

 282

Plate 76

Fig. 1-7, 13- 14 Ellcyollema silesillclIlII (Bleisch in Rabenhorst) Mann

Fig. 1-7: LM (xl 500)

Fig. 13: SEM. extemal valve view
Fig. 14: SEM, intemal valve view, detail ofcelltral rapbc endings

Fig. 8-12 Ellcyoltema vu/gare .Krammer

Fig. 8-12: LM (xI500)

Scalc bar represents l O~m.

8·12
 284

Plate 77

Fig. 1-8 CymbopleuI'a IJaviculifol'mis Auerswald

Fig. 1-6: LM (x1500)

Fig. 7: SEM, extemal valve vicw
Fig. 8: SEM, internai valve view, detail of central raphc porcs

Scale bar represents lO/llll.

1-6
 286

PlaIe 78

Fig. 1-5, 14 Amplrora copll/ala (Kützing) Schoeman & Archibald

Fig. 1-5: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 14: SEM, extemal valve view

Fig. 6-13 Amp/lOra vellela Kützing

Fig. 6-9: LM (xI500)

Fig. 10-12: LM (x 1500), entirc frustules
Fig. 13: SEM, extemal valve view

Scale bar rcpresents 1O~m.

 288

Plate 79

Fig. 1-7 Gomphollema stonei Reichardt

Fig. 1-6: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 7: SEM, external valve view

Fig. 8-10 Gomphollemu affilie Kützing var. liffille

Fig. 8-10: LM (xI500)

Scale bar represents 1O~!m.

1-6
 290

Plate 80

Fig. 1-13 Gompltollema sliballtarcticlIln Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-10: LM (xI500)

Fig. Il: SEM, extcmal valve vicw, detail of central acea
Fig. 12: SEM, internai valve view
Fig. 13: SEM, externat valve vicw

Scale bar represents 1Ollm, except for fig. Il where scale bar represents Illm.
 292

Plate 81

Fig. 1-9 GOl1ffJhOnelllll exilissimul1f (Grunow) Lallge-Bertalot & Reichardt

Fig. 1-9: LM (xI500)

Fig. 10-23 GomplrollemQ parvlllulII (Kützing) Kützing var. parvullllll

Fig. 10-23: LM (xI500)

1-9

Fig. 24-32 GomphollemQ possess;ollellse Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 24-32: LM (x 1500)

Scalc bar rcprescnts IOJlm.

 294

Plate 82

Fig. 1-9.15 Calolleis bacillum sensu auct. nonnul!. (non sensu Grunow)

Fig. 1-9: LM (.1500)

Fig. 15: SEM, extcma! valve vicw

Fig. 10-14 Calolleis silicu.la var. m;lIuta (Grunow) Cleve

Fig. 10-14: LM (.1500)

Scale bar reprcsents IOJlm.

10-14 ......... 1.o.:lI~"""''''''' ~~.1 L..-'~

 296

Plate 83

Fig. 1-7 Calolleis marllieri Manguin

Fig. 1-6: LM (xI500)

Fig. 7: SEM, cxtemal valve view

Scalc bar rcpresents IOJ.1m.

 298

Plate 84

Fig. 1-9 Ca/oneis delphineae Van de Vijver nov. spec.

Fig. 1-6: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 7: SEM, cxternal valve view
Fig. 8: SEM, cxtemal valve view, detail ofstriac and tenninal raphe cndings
Fig. 9; SEM, cxtemal valve view, detail of central arca

Scale bar represents 10Jlm, exccpt for fig. Il where seate bar represents Illm.
 300

Plate 85

Fig. 1-7 ClulIJwepillllll/arïu alielltl (Krasske) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym: Nal'icula afiello Krasskc

Fig. 1-5: LM (.2000)

Fig. 6-7: SEM, extemal valve view

Fig. 8-10 Chamaepilllwlaria evallida

Fig. 8-9: LM (.2000)

Fig. 10: SEM, external valve view

Scale bar rcpresents lOJlffi.

8-9
 302

PlaIe 86

Fig. 1-6 ChumoepÙ",ularia soehrellsis var.lIlliscico/a

Fig. 1-5: LM (x2000)

Fig. 6: SEM, cxtemal valve vicw

. Fig. 7-14 Citamaepilllllllaria ollstralomediocris (Lange-Bertalot & Schmidt) Van

de Vijver nov. comb.
Basjonym: Navicula ausfra/omediocris Lange-Bertalot & Schmidt

Fig. 7-13: LM (x2000)

Fig. 14: SEM. externai valve view

Fig. 15-22 Chamaepilllll/.laria spec.

Fig. 15-21: LM (x2000)

Fig. 22: SEM, external valve view

Seale bar reprcsents IOllm except for figs. 14 & 22 whcre seale bar reprcsents 1J,1m.

15-21
 304

Plate 87

Fig. 1-7 Chamaepimllliaria gracilistriata Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-5: LM (xI500)

Fig. 6: SEM, external valve view
Fig. 7: SEM, internaI valve view

Scale bar represents IOjJm.

 306

Plate 88

Fig. 1-4,9 Pitlllllavis e/egalls (yi. Smith) Okuno

Fig. 1-4: LM (x1500)

Fig. 9: SEM, cx:tcrnal valve view

Fig. 5-8 Pillllllavis geblrardii (Krasske) Van de Vijver nov. comb.

Basionym: Navicula gebhardii Keasskc

Fig. 5-7: LM (x1500)

Fig. 8: SEM, cxtemal valve view

Fig. JO PillllUuv;s gellustriata (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot & Krammer

Fig. 10: LM view (x 1500)

Scale bar rcpresents 1O~.

 308

Plate 89

Fig. 1-5 PiJlJw!ul'ia kerguelellsis Heiden & Kolbe

Fig. 1-5: LM (xIOOO)

Scale bar reprcscnts lOIlm.

 310

Plate 90

Fig. }-2 PilUmlaria kerguelellsis Heiden & Kolbe

Fig. 1: SEM, internaI valve view

Fig. 2: SEM, detail ofstrÜe (picture R. Le Cohu)

Scale bar of Fig. 1 represents lOJ..lnl, Fig. 2 = 5/!n1.

 312

Plate 91

Fig. 1-14 PilllllIlaria borealis var. seuloris (Ehrenberg) Rabenhorst

Fig. 1-14: LM (x 1500)

Sca(e bar represents lOllm.

1·'14
 314

Plate 92

Fig. 1-4, 6-JO PÙlIIlllaria rabellhorstii (Grunow) Krammer var. rabenltorstii

Fig. 1-4: LM (x 1000)

Fig. 6-10: LM (x 1000)

Fig. 5 PÙmularia cfr. ruben/lOrs/ii (Grunow) Krarnmer var. rabe"horstii

Fig. 5: LM (x 1000), initial cell (?)

Scale bar rcpresents lOJ.1m.

6-10
 316

PlaIe 93

Fig. l-lO PÙIIl,,/uria rahellirorst;; var. slibuntarctica Van de Vijver &. Le Coll
nov. var. lI

Fig. 1-10: LM (x 1500)

Scale bar rcpresents lOJ.lm.

1-10
 318

Plate 94

Fig. 1-4 (?5-6) Pillllu[ar;o raben/wrstii var.fl'unconica KIammer

Fig. 1-4: LM (x1000)

Fig. 5-6: LM (xIOOO), represent probably also var.franconÎca

Fig. 7-9 Pimtularia rabenhorstii var. raphecuyvata Van de Vijver & Beycns nov.
var.

Fig. 7-9: LM (x1000)

Seale bar represents tOllm.

5·6
-

7·9
 320

Plate 9S

Fig. 1-5 Pi1lflll!uriu alpiniformis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-4: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 5: SEM, cxtcmaJ valve view

Scale bar rcprcscnts IOllm.

 322

Plate 96

Fig. 1-6 Pillllularia petersell;; Krammer & Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1-6: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 7-15 Pillltlllaria cUlleorostrata (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cobu nov,
comb. nov. stat.
Basionym: Pimllllaria borealis var. cllneorostrala Manguin

Fig. 7-15: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 16-20 PÙrnu/aria du/deola (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cobu nov. comb.
Basionym: Pinnularia quadratarea var. dulcicola Manguin

Fig. 16-20: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 21-30 Pilllllliaria aff. perirrorata Krammer

1
Fig. 21-28: LM (x2000)
Fig. 29-30: SEM, extemal valve vicws

Seale bar reprcscnts IOtJ.In.

 324

Plate 97

Fig. 1-2 Pilllllllar;a Clmeorostrata (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cobu nov.
comb. nov. stat.
Basionym: Pill11ularia borealis var. cUlIeoroslrala Manguin

Fig. 1: SEM, extemal valve view (eroded valve)

Fig. 2: SEM, internaI valve view

Fig. 3 PillllUlaria duldeola (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov. comb.
Basionym: Pimw/aria qlladratarea var. du/cieola Manguin

Fig. 3: SEM, internai valve vicw (specimen from Iles Kerguelen)

Scale bar rcprcscnls IOj.Lm.

 326

Plate 98

Fig. 1-9 PilJlw!al'Ïa carter; Krammer

Fig. 1-8: LM (xI500)

Fig. 9: SEM, external valve vicw

Scale bar reprcscnts 10Mm.

1-8
 328

Plate 99

Fig. 1-20 Pillllularia dive"gentis~';,"a Grunow var. diverxelltissima

Fig. 1-20: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 21 Pimrularia cfr. divel'gellti!)'sima var. !)'ubrostrata eleve-Euler

Fig. 21: LM (x1500) (Ilot mcntioned in the lext)

Fig. 22-27 PÙlI1ularia spec.

Fig. 22-27: LM (x 1500) (not mcntioned in the text)

Fig. 28-39 Piltlwlaria divel'gentissima var. minor Krammer

Fig. 28-39: LM (x 1500)

Scale bar rcpresents lO~m.

 330

Plate 100

Fig. 1-11 Pilllwlar;u crozetii Van de Vijver & Le Cobu nov. spec.

Fig. 1-11: LM (xI500)

Scale bar rcprcsents IOllm.

 332
Plate lUI

Fig. 1-5 PilUm/aria decrescens var. kel'gueleizsis Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov
var.

Fig. 1-4: LM (x1500)

Fig. 5: SEM, cxtemal valve view

Scale bar represcnts lOJ,lm.

 334

Plate 102

Fig. 1-15 Pbmu/aria bottnica Krammer

Fig. 1-11: LM (xI500)

Fig. 12-15: LM (x150Q), population of capitale individuals showing affinities with
P. globiceps Gregory.

Scalc bar reprcscnts IOj.lm.

12-15
 336

PlaIe 103

Fig. 1-9 Pimrularia ka/he; Manguin

Fig. \-7: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 8: SEM view, detail of internai central raphc cndings
Fig. 9: SEM view, extemal valve view

Scale bar represents 1O~m.

 338

Plate 104

Fig. 1-8 Pimm/aria [aperouse; Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-6: LM (xI500)

Fig. 7: SEM, internai valve view
Fig. 8: SEM, internai valve Yiew, detail of central raphe endings

Scale bar represents l O~m,

 340

Plate 105

Fig. 1-8 Pim,ulal';a sagittifol'mis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-6: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 7: SEM, extemal valve view
Fig. 8: SEM, internaI valve view

Scalc bar represents lOllm.

 342

Plate 106

Fig. 1-9 Pimllliaria amae Van de Vijver nov. spec.

Fig. 1-7: LM (x1500)

Fig. 8: SEM, extemal valve view
Fig. 9: SEM, internaI valve view

Scale bar represents 1O~m.

1-7
 344

Plate 107

Fig. 1-12 Piumtlaria vati; Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-12: LM (x 1500)

Scale bar rcprcsents IOllm.

 346

Plate 108

Fig. 1-l) PillllUfal'Ïa allgliciformis Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-13: LM (x 1500)

Scale bar represcnts lOJ.lrn.

 348

Plate 109

Fig. 1-18 Pinnularia ct microstaill'on var. nOllfasciilftl Krammer

Fig. 1-12: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 13-18: LM (x1500), population ofsmaller individuals

Scalc bar represcnts IOlllTI.

 350

Plate 110

Fig. 1-8 Pinllularia r/rombal'ea var. set'rnia Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-8: LM «1500)

Scale bar represents l O~m.

 352

Plate 111

Fig. 1-7 Pilllwlaria piscicuflls Ehrenberg

Fig. 1-7: LM (xI500)

Fig. 8-10 Pil1llularia schoellfe1deri .Krammer

Fig. 8-10: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 11-16 Pilllllllar;u microstauroll var. rostrata Krammer

Fig. /1-16: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 17-21 PilUm/aria obsclira Kmsske

Fig. 17-21: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 22~23 PilllllIlariu microstauroll (Ehrenberg) Cleve var. microstauroll

Fig. 22-23: LM (x 1500)

Scalc bar reprcsents IO)lm.

 354

Plate 112

Fig. 1-10 Pinnularia acidicola var. acidicola Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-10: LM (x1500)

Fig. 11-18 PÙlIlu/aria acidicola var. elongata Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. soec.

Fig. 11-18: LM (xI500)

Scale bar represents 1O~m.

11-18
 356

Plate 113

Fig. 1-8 Pillllll[UI'Ü, suballtarclica (Manguin) Van de Vijver & Le Cohu nov.
comb. nov. stat.
Basionym: Pil/nularia micros/auron var. australis Manguin

Fig. 1-6: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 7: SEM, external valve view
Fig. 8: SEM, internai valve view

Scale bar rcprcscnts lO).lm.

 358

Plate 114

Fig. 1-11 PÙwu/aria suballturctica var. elollgata (Manguin) Van de Viiver & T.P.
Cohu nov. comb.

Fig. 1-9: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 10: SEM, external valve view
Fig. Il: SEM, internai valve vÎc\V

Scale bar reprcsents 1O~m.

 360

Plate 115

Fig. 1-10 Pilllrularia subcommlltafa Krammer

Fig. 1-10: LM (x 1500)

Scale bar rcprcsents lO)lm.

 362

Plate 116

Fig. 1-3 PillJllllaria peraclllllinata Krammer

Fig. 1-3: LM (xI500)

Scalc bar represents 1O~m.

1-3
 364

Plate 117

Fig. 1-4 PimlUlaria [eco/mi Van de Vijver nov. spec.

Fig. 1-4: LM (x 1500), population of smaller individuals

Scale bar represents lOJlOl.

 366

Plate 118

Fig. 1-3 PilllUllaria teco/III; Van de Vijver nov. spec.

Fig. 1-3: LM (x 1500), population oflargc individuals

Scalc bar reprcsents IOjlm.

1-3
 368

Plate 119

Fig. 1-2 Pimrulal'Ïa lIeomajol' Krammer

Fig. 1: LM (x750)
Fig. 2: LM (xI500)

Fig. 3-4 Pimrulal'ia spec.

Fig. 3-4: LM (xIOOO)

Scale bar represents Jailli except for fig. 1 whcre scale bar represents 20/-lm.

2
 370

Plate 120

Fig. 1 Pill1wlllr;a [eco/ill; Van de Vijver nov. spec.

Fig. 1: LM (x 1000)

Fig. 2-4 Pill11ll1ariu extra/ollga Van de Vijver. Beyens & Le Cohu nov. spec.

Fig. 2-4: LM (x 1000)

Scale bar represents lOJ.1m.

 372

Plate Ul

Fig. 1-3 Pimmlaria viridiformis Krammer

Fig. 1-3: LM (xI500)

Scale bar represents IOJlm.

1-3
 374

Plate 122

Fig. 1-4 PillIIlllaria viridiformis var. minot' Krammcr

Fig. 1-4: LM (xI250)

Scale bar represents 1O~m.

1-4
 376

Plate 123

Fig. 1-10 Dellticula sUlldayensis Archibald

Fig. 1-7: LM (x2000), valve face view

Fig. 8: LM (x2000), girdle view
Fig. 9: SEM, extemal valve view
Fig. 10: SEM, internaI valve view

Fig. 11-14 Halltzsclria amplrioxys (Ehrellberg) Grunow

Fig. 11-14: LM view (x1500)

Fig. 15-16 Halltzschia spec.

Fig. 15-16: LM view (xI500)

Scale bar represents 1O/l111.

 378

Plate 124

Fig. 1-3 Halltzschia spec.

Fig. 1-3: LM (xI500), aff. H. abulldalls '!

Fig. 4-9 Hafltzschia possess;ollells;s Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 4-6: LM (xI500)

Fig. 7: SEM, internai valve vicw, dotai1 of central raphe cndings
Fig. 8: SEM, externa1 valve view
Fig. 9: SEM, extemal valve vicw, dotail of central raphe cndings

Scale bar l'eproscnts lOMm.

 380

Plate 125

Fig. 1-13 Nitzschia angustatula Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1-13: LM (xI500)

Fig. 14-17 Ni/zschia palus/ris Hustedt

Fig. 14-16: LM (xI500), girdle vicw

Fig. 17: LM (xI500)

Fig. 18-20 Nit'lschia '''lIIgarica Grunow

Fig. 18-20: LM(xI500)

Scalc bar represents lOMm.

15-17

18-20
 382

Plate 126

Fig. 1-7 Nitzschia chal'dezU Van de Vijver & Beyens nov. spec.

Fig. 1-6: LM (xI500)

Fig. 7: SEM, extemai valve view

Scale bar rcpresents 10flm.

 384

Plate 127

Fig. 1-5 Ni/zschia dehilis (Arnott) Grunow

Fig. 1-4: LM (xI500)

Fig. 5: SEM, extemal valve view

Fig. 6~]6 Nitzscilia dissipata var. media (Hantzsch) Gnmow

Fig. 6-16: LM (xI500)

Fig. 17-23 Nitzschia al'chibaldii Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 17: LM (xI500), girdle view

Fig. 18-23: LM (xI500)

1-4
Scalc bar represents 1O~m.

1
 386

Plate 128

Fig. 1-19 Nilzschia pa/ea (Kützing) W. Smith

Fig. 1-19: LM (xI500)

Fig. 20-24 Nilzschia clausii Hantzsch

Fig. 20-23: LM (xI500)

Fig. 24: SEM, external valve view

Scalc bar reprcscnts lOMm.

 388

Plate U9

Fig. 1-3 Nifzschia comnumis Rabenhorst

Fig. 1-3: LM (xI500)

Fig. 4-11 Ni/zse/lia pl/sil/a Grunow

Fig. 4-11: LM (xI500)

Fig. 12-18 Ni/zscltia aff tl/bicola Grunow

1-3

Fig. 12-18: LM (xl 500)

Fig. 19-30 Ni/zschia gradUs Hantzsch

Fig. 19-30: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 31-39 Ni/zscltiafollticola Grunow

Fig. 31-39: LM (xI500)

Scale bar represents lOJlrn.

12-18

1
 390

Plate 130

Fig. 1-8,21-30 NitzschÜl acidoclillata Lange-Bertalot

Fig. 1-8: LM (xI500)

Fig. 21-30: LM (xl500)

Fig. 9-14 Nitzsclria liebetruthii Rabenhorst var. liebetruflrii

Fig. 9-14: LM (x2000)

Fig. 15-20 Nitzschia ilJcolJspicua Grunow

Fig. 15-20: LM (x2000)

Fig. 31-36 Nitzschia/rusfu[ufIJ (Kützing) Grunow var.frustulum

Fig. 31-36: LM(xI500)

Fig. 37-42 Ni/zschia 'pec.

Fig. 37-42: LM (xI500)

Scale bar represents 1O~lm.

15-20
 392

Plaie 131

Fig. 1-6 RllOpalodia l'upestris (W. Smith) Krammer

Fig. 1-5: LM (xI500)

Fig. 6: LM (x 1500) R. afJ. rupestris
Fig. 7: SEM, extemai valve view

Scale bar represents IO/lm.

6
 394

Plate 132

Fig. 1-8 Su";rella ""gusta var. cOllstric!a Manguin

Fig. 1-7: LM (x 1500)

Fig. 8: SEM, cxtcmaI valve view

Scale bar represents IOllm.

 396 397

Water samples without complete physico-chemical analysis.

Sam pie Spec.
Sam pie Coll. Date pH Temperature
Type conductance
(~S/cm) oC
BWOO2 13/11/1997 4 7,7 90 5
BW028 10/12/1997 1
BW029 10/12/1997 1
BW033 10/12/1997 4 7,5 95 8
BW035 10/12/1997 4 7,4 110 11
BW043 10/12/1997 1
BW044 10/12/1997 4 8 100 10
BW045 10/12/1997 1 7,9 90 11
BW067 12/12/1997 4 8 300 11
BW066 12/12/1997. 4 8 300 11
BW069 12/12/1997 4 8,2 550 17
BW072 12/12/1997 4 7,2 190 15
BW073 12/12/1997 2 6,9 180 14
BW074 12/12/1997 4 7,3 190 15
BW076 12/12/1997 4 8,6 16000 17
Bwon 12/12/1997 4 7,4 180 14
BW079 12/12/1997 1 8,2 70 9
BW080 12/12/1997 4 9,2 100 16
Addendum BW085 12/12/1997 4 8,2 70 9
BW090 12/12/1997 1
BW094 17/12/1997 5
List of ail sarnples analysed in this volume, arranged in three series, according to BW097 17/12/1997 2 6,6 100 9
habitat (waterbodies, masses and soils). A map with the (unnamed) location of BW107 18/12/1997 1 6,6 104 8
the samples is added after each series. BW113 18/12/1997 1 6,1 120 9
BW142 19/12/1997 2
Ail samples are listed with the measured physico-chemical parameters (when BW147 19/12/1997 2
available). BW159 20/12/1997 2 5,5 100 12
BW160 20/12/1997 5
BW162 20/12/1997 4 6,3 120 15
BW164 20/12/1997 1 6,9 70 10
BW165 22/12/1997 5
BW167 22/12/1997 4
BW169 19/12/1997 3 7,2
BW173 24/12/1997 4 7,7 60 7
BW175 24/12/1997 4 7,5 45 13
BW188 25/12/1997 4 6,8 130 13
BW194 26/12/1997 2 7,2 110 9
BW205 27/12/1997 4 7,2 70 4
BW206 27/12/1997 4 7,2 70 5
BW208 27/12/1997 2 7,3 70 5
BW212 28/12/1997 4 6 2000 14
BW217 28/12/1997 3 7,5 2090 23
BW218 28/12/1997 1
BW232 28/12/1997 4 6,7 200 13
BW233 28/12/1997 2 7,2 200 13
 398 399

WElter samples wllh complete physlco-chemical allalysis.

Sample Spec.
Sam pie Coll. Date pH Temperature Sample Coll. Dale
Habitat
pH
spec.
chloride HClrdness Colour NH, NO, NO, PO, 50. Turbidily
Type conductance Type Cond.
oC (mgll (mgfl (Turb.
(~S/cm) (IJS/cm) (mg/I)
CACO))
(mg/I) (mgfl) (mg/I) (mg/I) (mg/I)
Pli Unlts)
BW235 31/12/1997 3 6,8 150 13 W493 12111/1997 2 6,5 80 20,0 ID 20 0,13 0 0,01 0,12 0 0
W495 12/11/1997 . 3 6,7 100 20,5 5 0 2,40 0 0,01 0,14 0 0
BW237 31/1211997 4 7,6 170 13 W497 12/11/1997 2 6,9 100 16,0 0 0 0,64 0 0,04 0,03 0 0
BW238 31/12/1997 5 W498 12/11/1997 3 7,5 90 21,5 0 0 0,68 0 0 0,05 0 2
W499 12111/1997 3 7,3 95 20,5 5 0 0,80 0 0 0,06 0 0
BW248 3/0111998 4
W500 12111/1997 3 6,7 100 17,0 0 0 0,37 0 0,Q9
0 2J 0
BW250 3/01/1998 5 W502 12/11/1997 3 7,3 120 27,5 t5 10 2,80 0 0 0,08 4 0
W504 14/11/1997 3 5,0 90 16,5 0 65 3,60 0,012 0,06 0,16 0 10
BW255 4/01/1998 3 8,3 1472 9 W505 14/11/1997 2 6,2 90 18,0 10 JO 7,00 0,001 0,02 0,09 0 0
BW258 4/0111998 4 7,2 680 7 W510 14/11/1997 3 6,0 80 20,0 5 95 40,00 0 0,05 0,07 0 2
W511 14/11/1997 3 6,6 90 9,7 5 165 60,00 0 0,18 0,23 0 16
BW259 4/01/1998 4 7,2 680 7 W513 14/11/1997 3 6,5 100 25,5 5 0 26,00 0 0 0,05 0 0
BW261 4/01/1998 4 5,9 399 9 W515 15/11/1997 4 7,1 80 19,0 0 0 18,00 0,004 0,03 0,04 12,8 0
BW265 4/01/1998 3 6,4 370 W520 15/11/1997 3 6,8 90 17,5 0 10 19,00 0 0,04 0,04 0 0
9
W523 15/1111997 4 6,6 90 15,5 0 0 14,00 0 0 0,02 0 8
BW267 4/01/1998 3 6,2 250 8 W524 1511111997 4 6,0· 80 11,5 5 20 20,00 0 0,02 0,03 5 0
BW270 5/01/1998 3 9,3 220 11 W525 15/11/1997 4 5,4 80 15,0 0 20 64,00 0 0 0,04 0 0
W528 15111/1997 4 6,6 70 17,5 10 0 14,00 0 0,03 0 1 0
BW271 5/01/1998 2 9,2 220 14 W530 17111/1997 4 6.0 80 25,5 5 15 10,00 0 0,01 0,04 0 0
BW272 5/01/1998 3 10,4 168 12 W540 1711111997 3 6,5 80 11,5 15 45 51,00 0.001 0 0,08 1 0
W544 18/1111997 3 7,5 90 23,5 0 0 20,00 0,008 0 0,03 20 0
BW273 5/01/1998 3 10,4 168 12 W547 18/11/1997 2 6,0 90 19,0 0 0 61,00 0 0,01 0,08 0 0
BW278 5/01/1998 3 8,2 272 12 W550 18111/1997 3 6,5 90 15,5 5 J5 32,00 0 0,17 0,04 0 0
W558 20/11/1997 3 5,7 90 25,5 5 230 56,00 0 0,13 0,09 0 JO
BW281 5/01/1998 4 10,8 200 15 W562 20/11/1997 4 5,9 110 29,0 0 20 82,00 0 0,02 0,18 9 2
BW285 5/0111998 3 8 230 11 W563 20/11/1997 3 6,3 100 18,5 0 55 84,00 0 0,02 0,11 3 2
W567 22/1111997 4 9,4 260 25,5 J5 0 46,00 0 0,02 0,32 5 0
BW286 5/01/1998 3 8 230 11 W572 22/11/1997 3 8,9 550 25,0 15 320 8,00 0 0,04 0,1 0 44
BW288 5/01/1998 1 W578 22/11/1997 4 9,5 220 24,0 J5 0 36,00 0 0,14 0,18 8 0
W581 22111/1997 4 10,0 270 36,0 JO 0 54,00 0 0,07 O,OB 0 0
BW290 6/0111998 3 W5B4 23111/1997 3 5,2 400 38,0 10 120 30,00 0,13
0 0,1 0 10
BW292 7/01/1998 2 W586 23/11/1997 3 6,3 500 19,5 0 1000 28,00 0 0,11 4 0 180
BW294 7/0111998 W587 23/11/1997 4 6,7 410 50,0 JO 75 54,00 0 0,15 0,06 0 10
1 8 45 11 4
W592 23/11/1997 6,4 470 52,0 20 95 14,00 0 0,02 0,11 0 10
BW295 7/0111998 1 7,8 70 12 BW001 13/11/1997 4 7,7 100 20,5 15 0 2,00 0 0,17 0,07 0 0
BW304 9/01/1998 5 BW003 18/1111997 3 8,6 1410 240,0 0 640 100,00 0 2 1,8 0 80
BW006 9112/1997 1 6,5 60 7,9 0 0 4,00 0 0 0,04 0 0
BW308 15/01/1998 3 7,4 80 11 BW015 9/1211997 2 6,3 80 6,9 0 95 6,00 0 0,16 0,18 0 10
BW310 15/01/1998 5 5,7 BW018 911211997 3 5,6 8J 14,5 10 45 6,00 0 0,05 0,17 0 0
90 13 BW027 1of12f1997 1 7,4 88 19,5 0 0 2,40 0 0,04 0,08 0 0
BW316 16/01/1998 4 6,9 190 15 BW032 10/1211997 1 7,5 95 20,5 5 0 2,40 0 0,13 0,12 0 0
BW330 18/01/1998 1 7,3 170 11 BW052 11/1211997 1 7,2 45 11,5 0 0 6,00 0,001 0,06 0,04 0 0
BW089 12/12f1997 1 8,3 st 9,4 0 0 6,00 0 0 0,08 1 0
BW333 17/0111998 5 BW092 17/1211997 1 7,0 100 19,5 5 110 5,00 0 0,15 0,08 0 14
BW343 23/01/1998 1 7,6 80 10 BW096 17/12/1997 2 8,5 100 17,0 5 45 4,00 0 0,09 0,03 0 0
BW101 18f12f1997 4 6,4 7J 11,5 0 115 4,00 0 0.14 0,02 0 10
BW344 23/01/1998 1 7,6 80 10 BW103 18f12/1997 4 6,0 70 11,0 0 40 11,00 0 0,09 0,03 0 2
BW353 23/01/1998 4 6,7 110 13 BW106 18f12/1997 1 6,6 104 14,0 0 0 4,00 0,001 0,04 0,13 0 0
BW108 18/12/1997 4 5,6 53 5,6 10 40 7,00 0 0,12 0,03 3 8
BWl14 18/12/1997 4 4,9 53 5,4 0 50 26.00 0 0,27 0 0 0
BW116 18/12/1997 4 6,5 78 7,1 0 15 17,00 0 0,11 0 0 8
BW122 18/12/1997 4 4,9 67 6,9 0 45 42,00 0 0,1 0 0 2
BW124 18/12/1997 4 5,3 72 18,5 5 40 14,00 0 0,2 0,06 0 0
BW140 19/12/1997 4 6,5 59 16,0 0 15 11,00 0 0,09 0 0 0
BW141 19/12/1997 4 6,6 59 7,9 0 0 8,00 0 0,12 0 3 0
BW143 19/12/1997 4 6,3 59 8,0 0 25 38,00 0 0,15 0 0 0
BW144 19/1211997 4 6,0 50 10:5 0 JO 2,00 0 0,04 0 0 0
BW145 19112/1997 4 6,3 59 15,0 0 25 38,00 0 0 0 0 0
BW149 19/12/1997 4 6,5 59 7,8 0 0 31,00 0 0 0 0 0
BW151 19/1211997 4 5,6 57 9,0 0 20 8,00 0 0 0 0 8
BW154 19/1211997 4 5,8 58 7,6 0 40 5,00 0 0 0,06 0 0
BW170 23/12/1997 3 7,0 89 42,0 5 60 3,00 0 0 0 0 10
BW171 23/1211997 3 7,4 100 5,8 5 JO 8,00 0 0,01 0 0 2
BW172 23/11/1997 3 6,8 65 12,0 5 75 7,00 0 0 0,02 0 10
BW182 25/12/1997 3 6,8 160 18,0 15 115 24,00 0 0,01 0 0 14
BW184 25/12/1997 3 7,1 160 82,0 25 95 11,00 0,07 0,13 0 4 10
BW187 25112/1997 3 6,5 140 74,0 0 55 27,00 0 0 0 0 10
BW191 25/12/1997 1 7,3 100 20,5 15 15 48,00 0 0 0,15 0 2
 400 401
Habitat Spa!,;.
Sample Coll. Dale pH chloride Hardness Colour NH, NO, NO, PO, SO, Turbidity
Type Cond.
(mgll (mgll (Turb.
(~Slcm) (mgfl) (mg/I) (mg/I) (mg/I) (mgfl) (mg/I)
CACO J ) Pli Unils)
BW19a 27/12/1997 1 7,3 64 7,3 0 0 4,00 0 0 0,03 0 0
BW198 27/1211997 3 7,5 72 7,1 5 0 4,00 0 0 0 0 2
BW199 27/1211997 4 7,5 72 6,8 0 0 6,00 0 0 0,05 1 0
BW2Q4 27/1211997 3 7.5 80 8,4 0 0 10,00 0 0 0,03 0 6
BW209 27/12/1997 4 7,0 1730 380,0 135 15 8,00 0 0,01 0 54 0
8W216 28/1211997 4 7,5 2090 2970,0 165 80 152,00
BW219
8W223
28/12/1997
28/12/1997
1
3
7,7
6,4
180
260
12,0
32,0
50
25 100
0 4,00
5,00
0,065
0
0
0.6
0
0
0,14
0,04
D,OS
"4
0
10

22
2

BW224 28/1211997 2 7,0 260 42,0 30 15 5,00 0,001 0 0 0 0

BW226 2B/12/199? 3 5,' 340 42,0 20 150 8,00 0 0,02 0 0 20
BW228 28/12/1997 1 7,1 220 27,0 35 0 4,00 0 0 0 0 0
BW229 28/12/1997 1 7,8 ,78 16,5 35 45 4,00 0,001 0 0,03 0 10

Z~
BW230 28/1211997 3 6,7 210 26,0 15 55 5,00 0 0,01 0 0 6
BW231 28/1211997 3 6,8 200 18,0 10 65 4,00 0 0 0,01 0 ,10
BW243 3/0111998 4 5,5 151 18,5 5 55 6,00 0 0,01 0,01 0 10
BW244 3/01/1998 4 5,2 157 19,0 0 100 2,00 0 0,01 0 0 16
BW245 3/01/1998 4 5,7 147 19,5 5 45 5,00 0 0,03 0 0 0
BW247 3/01/1996 1 8,1 110 10,5 15 0 11,00 0 0 0,04 0 0
BW251 3101/1998 3 6,3 702 110,0 70 55 0,09 0 0,01 0 10 0
BW254 4/01/1998 4 8,3 1472 300,0 140 880 16,00 0,012 0,08 0 16 390
BW256 4/01/1998 4 6,6 341 40,0 25 110 0,17 0 0 0 0 16
BW257 4/01/1998 3 5,9 674 115,0 55 65 0,05 0 0 0,16 5 12
BW260 4/01/1998 3 5,' 399 140,0 30 48 0,03 0 0 0,03 0 2
BW263 4/01/1998 3 6,3 477 170,0 35 85 0,97 0 0,02 0 12 16
BW268 4/01/1998 4 6,7 367 52,0 40 85 0,27 0 0 0,04 0 14
BW269 5/01/1998 4 9,3 220 15,0 60 75 14,00 0,1 0,16 0,96 0 12
BW274 5/01/1998 4 8,' 188 23,0 30 0 4,00 0 0,01 0,11 0 0
BW277 5/01/1998 4 6,2 272 28,5 35 20 3,00 0 0 0,08 0 8
BW282 5/0111998 4 8,8 1830 3800,0 150 440 178.00 0 0 250 81 110
BW305 9/01/1998 1 7,8 70 16,0 0 0 16,00 0 0 0,03 0 0
BW307 9/01/1998 4 7,4 80 11,0 5 0 0,05 0 0 0 0 0
8W315 16/01/1998 3 6,9 190 15,0 35 90 4,00 0 0 0,07 1 10
BW318 16/01/1998 2 6,3 208 23,5 40 120 4,00 0 0 0 0 16
BW320 16/01/1998 4 7,6 200 22,0 30 510 7,00 0,019 0,01 0,73 0 76
BW321 16/01/1998 4 7,2 143 23,5 20 410 0,00 0 0 0 0 70
BW325 16/0111998 4 6,' 130 30,0 25 110 7,00 0 0 0,03 0 14
BW327 16/01/1998 2 6,7 90 23,5 5 115 6,00 0 0,01 0 0 16
BW341 17/01/1998 3 6,6 150 27,0 20 160 4,00 0 0 0,02 0 22
 402 403
Moss samples surveyed ln lhis sludy wilh lheir moisture values (F-vaJue)

Sample Coll. Oale Moisture Sample con. Date Moisiure

(F·value) (F-value)
BMOOl 13/1111997 III BM230 28/1211997 11
BMOOS 911211997 III BM234 2811211997 IV
BM246 28112/1997
BM012
BM023
9/12/1997
9/12/1997
911211997
VIII
VII BM254 2811211997
31/1211997
'"
VIII
BMD27
BM033 10112/1997
V
111
BM255
BM265 2101/1998 ''""
~
BM037 10112/1997 1 BM269 3101/1998 V
BM038 1011211997 IV BM270 3101/1998 V
BM041 1011211997 IV BM271 3/01/1998 IV
3101/1998 Ql
BM047 1011211997 III BM272 VII "0
BM050 lCWl211997 IV BM274 3101/1998 111 Ql Qi
BMOS4 1111211997 VIII BM275 3/0111998 11 ::l 0
BM056 1111211997 VII BM276 3101/1998 IV .2"Z
~
BM059 1111211997 VlIl BM277 3/0111998 III
BM060 11/12/1997 V1I1 BM278 3101/1998 III
BMOla 1211211997 VI BM279 310111998 III
BM071 12/1211997 11 BM280 310111998 III
BM074 12/1211997 IV BM281 310111998 V
BMal6 12/12/1997 VI BM282 410111998 V
BMa78 1211211997 BM283 4101/1998
BM079 1211211997
VIII
Il BM284 410111998 '"
IV
BM080 1211211997 1 BM286 4101/1998 VIII
BM081 1211211997 BM287 4101/1998
BM092 17/1211997
IV
IV BM289 410111998 '"
III
BM110 1811211997 Il BM291 510111998 IV
BM115 1811211997 BM292 510111998
BM118
IV
18/1211997 III-IV BM293 5/0111998 '"
VIII
BM119 18/1211997 VII BM294 5/0111998 VI11
BM121 18/1211997 VIII BM296 5/01/1998 VII
BM129 18/1211997 VII BM297 510111998 V
BM135 1811211997 V BM298 6/01/1998 III
BM137 18/12/1997 III BM299 6/0111998 III
BM144 19/12/1997 IV 8M300 7/0111998 III
BM148 19/12/1997 VII-VIII BM301 7/01/1998 Il
BM149 19/12/1997 Il 8M304 7/0111998 Il
BM154 19/12/1997 VII BM305 7/01/1998 IV
BM165 20f12/1997 VIII BM306 7101/1998 Il
BM167 20/12/1997 IV BM307 7/0111998 III E
BM172
BM173
23/1211997
24/12/1997
Il
Il
BM308
BM309
7/0111998
7/0111998
IV
IV
..."
BM175 24/1211997 IV BM310 9/0111998 III
BM176 24/12/1997 Il 8M311 910111998 IV
BM179 25/12/1997 V BM312 9/01/1998 V
BM187 26112/1997 IV BM313 9/01/1998 Il
BM188 26112/1997 III BM321 16/01/1998 Il
BM190 2611211997 IV BM323 16101/1998 V
BM197 27/1211997 Il BM334 23101/1998 VIII
BM199 27/1211997 Il BM335 23101/1998 IV
BM202 2711211997 IV.v M415 12111/1997 VI-VII
BM20a 27/1211997 M416 12/11/1997
BM213 28112/1997
IV
IV M417 12111/1997 '"
1-11
BM214 2811211997 VI M418 12/11/1997 IV
BM216 2811211997 III M420 12111/1997 Ill-IV
BM222 2811211997 V M428 15/11/1997 V
BM223 2811211997 17/11/1997
BM224 2811211997
IV M430
M432 17/11/1997 '"
BM225 2811211997
IV
VI M438 20111/1997 '"
VI
 404 405
Sail samples taken du ring the second sampl1ng campaign (november-december 1999) spec.
pH P04 NH4 chloride 804 hardness moisture
Sample Coll. Date Cond.
spec. (mg/I
pH P04 NH4 chloride 804 'hardness moisture (~8/cm) (mg/I) (mg/I) (mg/I) (mg/I) (%)
Sam pIe Coll. Date Cond. CaC03)
(mg/I BA60 21/11/1999 6,6 100 0,08 0,31 52 0 0 47,6
(~8/cm) (mg/I) (mg/I) (mg/I) (mg/I) (%)
CaC03) BA61 21/11/1999 3,3
BA14 11/11/1999 5,5 198 0,56 1,10 0 28 15 28,6 BA62 21/11/1999 5,9 168 1,25 4,32 22,5 0 10 55,0
BA15 11/11/1999 5,4 795 2,10 1,80 0 0 0 25,6 BA63 21/11/1999
BA16 11/11/1999 6,1 172 0,78 0,79 3,9 3 0 31,2 BA64 28/11/1999 6,1 73 0,92 0,86 15 8 5 48,9
BA17 11/11/1999 6,4 864 7,80 11,60 0 0 0 40,5 BA65 28/11/1999 70,4
BA18 11/11/1999 5,8 279 0,86 5,40 0 5 10 44,4 BA66 28/11/1999 5,8 365 1,80 1,10 14 0 0 100,0
BA19 12/11/1999 5,3 296 0,00 3,75 21,6 0 0 89,5 BA67 28/11/1999 100,0
BA20 12/11/1999 5,1 346 0,35 5,20 4,6 1 5 8(,6 BA68 28/11/1999 100,0
BA21 12/11/1999 5,8 58 0,30 0,73 3,6 0 0 33,4 BA69 28/11/1999 5,2 1173 6,20 0,82 21,5 0 5 100,0
BA22 12/1111999 5,5 211 0,12 4,50 10,8 0 10 69,4 BA70 28/11/1999 100,0
BA23 12/11/1999 5,0 164 1,46 8,10 5 0 0 40,3 BA71 28/11/1999 5,2 392 1,36 3,08 17 0 0 100,0
BA24 12/11/1999 5,1 322 2,30 4,40 0 0 0 81,8 BA72 28/11/1999 100,0
BA25 12/1111999 5,2 137 5,70 5,10 0 0 0 43,2 BA73 28/11/1999 6,2 341 2,56 2,90 40 0 20 59,6
BA26 12/11/1999 6,6 453 2,70 0,56 2,7 12 15 16,9 BA74 28/11/1999 30,7
BA27 12/11/1999 BA75 28/11/1999 10,1
BA28 13/11/1999 6,7 41 0,09 0,25 27 104 0 19,6 BA76 28/11/1999 2,3
BA29 13/11/1999 6,7 41 0,09 0,20 6,6 54 0 19,2 BA77 28/11/1999 46,3
BA30 13/11/1999 6,3 208 0,36 1,85 15 0 0 47,8 BA78 29/11/1999 5,6 1953 1,68 3,44 15 0 30 100,0
BA31 13/11/1999 6,1 72 0,10 1,25 9,1 10 0 35,4 BA79 29/11/1999 100,0
BA32 13/11/1999 5,7 792 3,50 0,20 23 0 15 31,0 BA80 29/11/1999 6,4 242 3,24 2,40 19,5 0 0 54,3
BA33 14/11/1999 6,1 245 2,90 2,60 17 0 0 69,1 BA81 29/11/1999 75,5
BA34 14/11/1999 6,1 750 5,90 1,84 18 0 35 100,0 BA82 29/11/1999 38,2
BA35 14/11/1999 6,1 1,22 0,48 1,86 13 29 0 81,7 BA83 29/11/1999 7,2 141 0,64 1,64 17 0 0 50,6
BA36 14/11/1999 4,0 848 10,00 0,64 100 0 20 25,3 BA84 29/11/1999 11,5
BA37 14/11/1999 6,4 141 3,15 0,00 13 0 0 47,0 BA85 29/11/1999 5,9 640 3,20 1,26 2,35 0 0 50,3
BA38 14/11/1999 7,0 40 0,54 0,30 12,5 0 0 10,7 BA86 29/11/1999 99,3
BA39 14/11/1999 6,2 51 3,50 0,42 29,5 0 0 23,1 BA87 30/11/1999 6,6 123 0,00 0,29 21,5 27 35 80,0
BMO 14/11/1999 6,4 96 0,65 3,85 6,5 0 0 81,3 BA88 30/11/1999 63,5
BM1 14/11/1999 7,0 1196 0,46 1,05 40 44 5 18,1 BA089 30/11/1999 5,4 305 0,88 2,32 32 0 0 65,9
BM2 14/11/1999 6,4 295 2,05 2,75 13,5 0 0 33,0 BA90 30/11/1999 35,0
BM3 17/11/1999 6,1 260 0,87 2,75 20 0 0 30,2 BA091 30/11/1999 5,3 72 0,04 0,08 14,5 0 0 81,0
BM4 17111/1999 6,7 51 0,08 0,40 7,6 0 0 9,2 BA92 30/11/1999 94,8
BM5 20/11/1999 6,1 225 0,27 2,25 20,5 14 5 37,0 BA93 30/11/1999 30,8
BM6 20/11/1999 6,0 BA94 30/11/1999 4,3 1139 7,40 0,38 34 8 30 18,6
BM7 20/11/1999 6,7 50 0,48 0,31 22,5 9 10 5,0 BA95 30/11/1999 43,1
BM8 20/11/1999 7,1 46 0,15 0,32 23 9 0 0,0 BA96 30/11/1999 39,8
BM9 21/11/1999 5,3 960 4,30 1,10 19,5 13 5 36,7 BA97 30/11/1999 64,7
BA50 21/11/1999 4,8 2000 6,75 0,83 680 0 30 41,9 BA98 30/11/1999 28,5
BA51 21/11/1999 5,8 977 6,20 1,16 16,5 6 65 45,4 BA99 30/11/1999 7,2 368 5,20 5,92 23 14 5 7,0
BA52 21/11/1999 6,9 8,2 4,12 1,96 15 1 75 31,2 BA100 30/11/1999 100,0
BA53 21/11/1999 6,5 775 6,32 11,60 33 16 80 56,1 BA101 30/11/1999 5,2 310 5,20 7,04 40 0 0 46,2
BA54 21/11/1999 5,8 648 4,05 2,04 340 8 20 49,9 BA102 1/12/1999 5,9 440 0,52 4,00 18,5 0 0 99,3
BA55 21/11/1999 6,2 711 16,00 10,08 37 0 70 59,5 BA103 1/12/1999 74,0
BA56 21/11/1999 7,8 960 2,45 1,16 7,9 96 20 0,0 BA104 1/1211999 84,4
BA57 21/11/1999 5,0 757 1,20 4,60 295 9 0 33,9 BA105 1/1211999 53,3
BA58 21/11/1999 38,2 BA106 1/12/1999 5,8 612 6,20 0,34 36 0 25 65,5
BA59 21/11/1999 42,3 BA107 1/12/1999 45,7
 406 407
spec.
pH P04 NH4 chloride S04 hardneS5 moisture
Sample Coll. Date Cond.
(mg/I
(~S/cm) (mg/I) (mg/I) (mgn) (mg/I) (%)
GaG03)
BA108 4/1211999 35,8
BA109 4/1211999 78,7
BA1l0 4/1211999 59,9
BA111 4/1211999 29,8
BA112 5/1211999 53,2
BAl13 5/1211999 59,3
BAl14 5/12/1999 72,5
BAl15 511211999 86,5
BA116 5/1211999 67,1
BAl17 5/1211999 26,2
BA118 5/1211999 32,8
BA119 511211999 42,8
BA120 5112/1999 77,5

III
ëii
c

..,.&.
c
.
..,~
 408 409

Register AmpllOt'a Failacia

(Synonyms in Italie.) copulata 21.P178 Cymbella lenzii .. ...42,PI43
lybica . 21 Ilaviculiformis.. . 31
Ac/manilles ovalis var. [ybiea 21 si/esiaea 39 Fragilaria
abundans.. .. .. 102 veneta 21 ,P178 a/pestris 114
ahundans var. elliptica . 102 Cymbopleura bicapitata var. grandis.. .. 45
aretasii.... .. .40 Allomolleis naviculiformis ......... J I,P177 capucina s.I..... .. .. 42,P17
auerL.... .. 98 chilensis ........................................ 74 capucina var. capucina .44,PI7
confusa. . 103 Dellticula capucina var. gracilis... .. 44,PI7
confusa var. atomoides.. .. 103 Aulacoseira sllndayensis ........... 32,PI123 capucina var. rumpens.. .. 44,P17
c.yclophora 99 distans ........ 22,Pll capucina var. val/cheriae 43,P17
de/ica/ilIa.. .. 99 Diadesmi.v cons/ruens var. venter 117
germainii.. . 104 Calolleis arcuata 33,PI59 exigua. .. 110
incognita.. .. 105 afr. baeil/um .. 22,PI82 comperei.. . . 33,P161 exiguiformis .. J10
investians.. . 105 delphineae . 23,PI84 contenta 34,P161 fascicu/ata.. . 118
levanderi... . 106 marnieri.. .. 23,PI83 costei. .. 34,P159 germainii...... A5,PI8
lancea/ata var. lanGea/ata .... . 100 aff. silicllla var. minuta .24,PI82 crozetikergllelensis. .. 35,P160 germa/nif var. acostata ... 45,PI8
lancea/ata var. lanceolalaides.. ...99 venlricosa var. minuta 24 faurei... . 35,P163 husvikensis ... ... 46,PI8
lancealalaides 99 ingeae .. 36,P162 [eptastal/roll 114
manguinii.. .. 106 Cavernosa langeberta/aUi 36,P160 mail/ardii 46
manguillii var. elliptica J06 kapitiana .... 24,PI4 latestriata .. 36,P162 martyi .. 11 j
minutissima . 17 subantarctica.. .." 37,P160 opephoroides 75
modesta. . .. . 17 Cavbrula vidalii 37,P162 pinnata 116
modestiformis. /7 heterostauron ......... ..25,PI55 pu/chelia .. 46,PI9
muelleri.. ..... 16,P1l9/20 heterostauron var. roslrata ........ 25,PI55 Diatoma vaucheriae 43
naviformis ... ... " 16,P121 germainif .. ..................................... 45 vaucheriae var. /ongissima 44
oblongella 107 C/ramaepimlularia vaucheriae var. tenuis 44
pseudolanceo/ata 98 aerophila .. . 26,PI63 DiatOluelia ventel .. 117
qlladripullctata 101 aliena .. ......... 26,PI85 balfouriana.. .. 37,PI73 virescens var. exigua 110
renei. .. 102 australomediocris ... 27,PI86 hustedtii 37
saxonica. ...107 evanida. . 27,P185 Frallkophila
stauroneioides.. .. 107 gracilistriata .... . 27,PI87 Diploueis maiilardii .......... .46,PllO
stauroneiaides var. striata 105 soehrensis var. muscicola ... 28,P186 subovalis .. ......... 38,PI74
sllbatomoides 107 spec.!. ... 28,PI86 PrIIsllllia
fherezienii. .. 108 Ellcyollema cirisiae .....47,PI64
CoccoIJeis silesiacum ................ 39,PI76 pu/chra ...... .47,PI67
diminuta .. ................................. ..... 29 vu/gare.. .... 39,PI76 subantarctica ..48,PI65/66
AefJllanlhitlilllll neothumensis .....29,P133 vulgaris . ...... .49,PI68
lanceolalum .. .... 100 therez/enii . . /08 Eolimna
tineare .. .............. 17 minima .. .... 40,PI39/40 Geissleria
microcephalum. . 17 Cosmiolleis paludosa .. .......49,PI49
minutissimllnl ... . 17,P122 grossepunctata ................ 29,PI54 Eucoccolleis suban/arctica ... ...50,PI49/50
modestiformis .. .... 17,P122 aretasii .... 40,PI27/28 taafiana .... .. 50,PI49/50
Cratieula
Ad/afia salsuginosa . . 30,PI47 EllIwtia Gomp/roIJema
bryophila ... .. 19,P143/44 submo/esta .. . 31,PI48 fallax 41,P117 affine var. affine. .. .... 50,PI79
blyophiloides .. ... ....... 19,P145 vixnegligenda ....... 31,PI48 mllscicola var. muscicola 41,PI18 angustatum var. aequalis f..
[renotii . 20,P143/44 pa/udosa var.pa/udosa .4I,P1l7 kerguelensis , , 53
tinearis . . 21,PI46 Cyclotella polydentula .. ...41 exilissimum 5I.PI8I
minuscula. .21,PI43/44 kützingiana. . 31 spec..... ..42,PIl61l7 parvulum var. exi/issimum 51
meneginiana. .... 31,PI6 parvulum var.parvulum 51.P181
 410 411

possessionense 51,P181 bryophiloides 18 dissipata var. media 71.P1127 kolbeL..... .. 87,PI 103
stonei 53,PI79 bryophiloides var. linearis 20 fontieo/a 71,P1129 laperolisei 87,PIL04
subantaretieum 54,P180 capitata var. hungariea........... .... 55 frustulum var.frlislulum 71,P1130 lata var. kerguelensis 86
dulcis l05 gracilis 71,PI129 lata var. tJlllringiaca........... . 92
Haltlzsehia ectoris 63,Pl3 7 hungarica 72,P1125 lecahuL.... .. 88,PlII7/118l120
amphioxys 54,Pl123 evanida 27 inconspicua 72.P1130 llindii var. baltica 81
possessionense 54,P1124 fossalis var.fossalis 60 liebetrlithii var.liebetruthii 72.P1l30 mierostauron morph.2 89
elegans .. 77 palea 73,P1I28 . microstauron var. australis 95
Hippodonta gebhardii .. 77 palustris 73.P1I25 microstauron var. elongata 96
hzwgarica 55,P142 geniculata 56 pusilla 73,PI129 microstauron var. microstauron89,Plll1
genustriata .. 77 spec.I 74,P1I30 microstauron var. no!ifasciata .. 89,Pll 09
Kobayashie/la gl'egal'ia 64,PI36136 lubieala........ .. 74,P1I27 microslauron var. rostrala ........ 90,Pllll
subanlaretiea 55.PI5I heterostauron 25 neomajor.. .. 90,P1119
heterostauron var. rostrala.. . 25 Nupela obseura.. .. 90.PlIll
Lecohuia Iwngariea 55 chilellsis .. 74,P134 peraeuminala 9I,PII16
genieualala 56,P152 ignota var. palustris.. .. 49 perirrorata 9I,PI96
lenzii 42 Opephora petersenii........ ... 92,P196
Lllticola mail/ardii .. 18 nzartyi 115 pisciculus 92,PlII1
ledeganekii 56,P157 meridionalis 25 navea.na 75.PII 0 rabenhorstii var. franconica 93,P194
aff. mutiea 57,PI56 mifzitna 40 rabenhorstii var. rabe'llzorstii 92,P192
muticopsis 58,PI56157 !ninuscula 20 Orthose;ra rabenJlOrstii var. raplzeeurvata 93,PI94
paramwiea var. binodis 58,P156 minutissima u 40
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• biportll/atam 75,P14 rabenhorstii var. subantarctica 93,PI93
robusla 59,P158 nlutica "." 57 roeseana 76,P13 rhombarea var. serrata 94.PlllO
suecorum 59,P156 rnuticopsis " "' ,, 58 quadratarea var. dulcico/a 85
paramutica var. binodis "" 58 PimmQv;s sagiitiformis 95,PII05
Martyana senlinulum 66 elegons 77,P188 sehoenfelderi.. 95,PlIll
martyi .. ......................... 115 soehrensis var. muscicola " 28 gebhardii 77,PI88 similiformis .... 82
'pec.I 64,PI37 genlistriata 77,PI88 subantarctica 95.PII13
Mayamaea subnlo/esta " " " " "" 31 subantarctica var. e/ongata 96.PI114
atomus var. alomus .... 60,P142 subti/lissima " " 55 Pimllliaria subcommutata 97.PII15
atomus var.permitis .. ..... 60,PI42 tanlula... .. 40 acidieola var. elof/gata.. . 78,PII12 subsolaris f. kerguelenensis.. .. .... 84
fossolis var.fossalis . .. ... 60,PI42 veneto.. . 65,P135/36 acidieola var. acidicola 78,P1112 valii ..... .. .. 97,PlI07
venetiformis 65,P135/36 a/pino. var. kergue/ellsis.. . 86 viridiformis 98,PlI21
Melosira alpiniformis.. .79.PI95 viridiformis var. minor. . 98,PII22
dickiei.. . ... 61,P12 NaJ1icliladicta amae .. 79,Pll 06
distans.. .. "... . 23 elorantana 66,P139/40 anglica morpho 3....... . 92 P/allotlJidium
echinata 6I,PI2I3 seminllillm " " 66,P139/40 angliciformis 80,PII 08 auel'i 98,P123f24
guillauminii 61,P12l3 ,peel 67,PI41 borealis var. clineorostrata 83 eyclophorum.. .. 99,Pl23f24
spec2 67,PI41 borealis var. sca/aris 81.P19l delieatulum 99.P123
Mue/leria borealis var. tJmrungiaca 92 densistriatum 100,PI25
lueulenta 62.P153 Neidium bollniea 81,Pll02 lanceolatum l00,P123n4
varipunetata 62,P153 aubertii " " 68.PI75 crozetii 82,PI1OO /anceolatoides 99
carter; 82,P198 marginistriallIm , 101,PI26
NavicII/a Nitzschia euneorostrata 84,PI96197 quadripunctatum 101 ,P123124
aliena. .. 26 acidoclinata " 68,PI130 decreseens var. kerguelenensis 85.PIIOI renei 102,P123124
arvensis m 64.P142 angustatu/a " 69,P1125 divergentissima var. divergentissima ......
atomus var. otomus......... .60 arehibaldii 69,PI127 ................................................... 84,P199 PsanrmotlJidiunr
otomlls var. permitis .60 chardezii. . " " 69.P1l26 divergentissima var. minor.... .85,Pl99 abulldans 102,PI3 1/32
australomedioeris .27 clausii............. . 70,PlI28 duldeola 85,P196f97 eonfusum . I03,PI3 If32
bieephala ... 63,PI35136 communis. ..70,PI129 extralollga 86,P1120 confusum var. atomoides 103,P13 1132
bryophila 18 debilis ........ .. 70,P1I27 kergue/ensis. ...... 87,P189/90 cOl/fusiforme.. . 103.P131132
 412

germainii 104,PI27128 Synedra

incognitum IOS,PI29/30 famelica.. . 44
investialls IOS,PI29 pli/chelia......... . 46
levanderi I06,PI33 rlunpens 45
manguinii , ,.. l06,P129/30 fIIn/pens var.lamiliaris 45
oblongella , ,' I07,Pl27128
stauroneioides " I07,P129/30 Tabularia
subatomoides I07,Pl29/30 fasciculata 118,PI9
therezienii I08,Pl27/28

R"opalodia
gibberu/a var. rupestris .. ...108
,upestris... !o8,P1I31

Sellaphora
subantarctica .. I09,P138
tumida ... !o9,P138

Stauroforma
exiguiformis 1IO,PllS/16

Staurolleis
anceps....................... .. III,PI71
anceps var. capitata 111
anceps f. gracilis JJ J
graci/ior 1ll,PI71
kriegeri 112.P170
muriella 112,P170n2
obillsa 112,PI71
obtusa var. minor 113,P17l
off. phoenicenteron 113,PI69/72
pygnlaea. . " " 112
sagitta... .. 113
smithii var. sagitta 114,P170
subgracilis ....... 113,P169

Staurosira
alpestris 1J4,PI!4
circula IIS,PI!1
jolinae 115,PI12
leptostauron " IlS,PII3
martyi 117,Pll3
pinnata................... .. 117,P1l4
venter 118,Pli 5

Stourosirella
alpestris J J4

Surirella
angusta var. constricta .... 117,Pl132
 ISBN 3-443-57037-2

ISBN 3-443-57037-2
ISSN 1436-7270 JIU I~Jl~