STEDMAN'S

MEDICAL
DICTIONARY
 Cornell University
Library

The original of tiiis book is in

tine Cornell University Library.

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the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924052393315
 CORNELL UNIVERSHY LIBRARY

3 1924 052 393 315

 A PRACTICAL
MEDICAL DICTIOMET
Of Words tjsed in Medicine with Their Derivation and Pronunciation,
Including Dental, Veterinary, Chemical, Botanical, Electrical, Life
Insurance and Other Special Terms; Anatomical Tables of the
,
Titles in General Use, and Those Sanctioned by the Basle
Anatomical Convention; Pharmaceutical Prepara-
tions, Official in the U. S. and British Phar-
macopceias and contained in the national
Formulary; Chemical and Therapeu-
tic Information as to Mineral
Springs of America and
Europe, and Compre-
hensive Lists op
Synonyms

BY
THOMAS LATHROP STEDMAN, A. M., M. D.
EDITOR OP THE "TWENTIETH CENTUKT PRACTICE OP MEDICINE",
OF THE "reference HANDBOOK OP THE MEDICAL SCIENCES ",
"
AND OP THE "medical RECORD

Sfxtb, 1Revl6cO JEOitlon

ILLUSTRATED

NEW YORK
WILLIAM WOOD AND COMPANY
MDCCCCXX
 Copyright, 1920
By WILLIAM WOOD AND COMPANY

The use in this volume of certain portions of the text oE the United States
Pharmacopoeia is by virtue of permissioD received from the Board of
Trustees of the United States Pharmacopoeial Convention. The said
Board of Trustees is not responsible for any inaccuracy of quotation nor

for any errors in the statement of quantities or percentage strengths.

Permission to use for comment parts of the text of the National Formu-
lary, Fourth Edition, in this volume has been granted by the Committee on
Publication by authority of the Council of the American Pharmaceutical
Association.

TKZI MAFXtK PXSISB TOKK VJL

 PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION
The first edition of this work appeared in the spring of 191 1, the second
in the autumn of 19 12, and since that time a new edition has been called
for every second year. The kind reception which the medical public has
given to the book has been most gratifjHing and has given the editor courage
to persevere in the truly Sisyphean task of a continuous revision, one edition
being no sooner published than the collection of new words and new uses of
old words begins anew. Although every effort has been made to keep the size
of the volume within the limits of the previous editions, the great number of
new words and new definitions has necessitated an increase of twenty pages.
For this the editor has no apology to offer, for the new matter is good matter
and has been added in the interest of those who consult the dictionary.
 PREFACE
John Hunter once "of all things on the face of the earth definitions
said,
are the most accursed." Another acute observer, long before the day of the
professional critic, exclaimed from the fulness of his vengeful heart, "Oh, that
mine enemy would write a book!" Mindful of these sayings and well aware
that many may think the lexicological needs of the medical reader are already
met, I have nevertheless, for several years, devoted the spare hours of a
busy life to the making of a new medical dictionary. In explanation of such
temerity, and by way of apology, I may be permitted to give my reasons for
undertaking the labor, by noting the special features which a long editorial
experience, a personal desire for special information, and the queries of many
correspondents have led me to believe are desirable in a work of this nature.
The vocabulary of science is founded mainly upon the Greek and to a
lesser extent upon the Latin, but has in any case a Latin form, and this unfor-
tunate conjunction has resulted in many barbaric and cacophonic mixtures,
painful to the ear and vexatious to the spirit of any one with a sense of linguistic
fitness. If it were possible, a moulding of the language of medicine on pure
Greek or Latin forms were most desirable, but the speech of man is wilful and
cannot be coerced; at most an attempt can be made to guide it, or to point
out what is preferable. It is not the function of a lexicographer to deny the
right of citizenship to every word that is not constructed upon strict ety-
mological lines, and.it would do little good if he did, but he can indicate the
correct terms and throw the weight of whatever authority may be accorded
him on the right side. This I have endeavored to do. For example, one who
consults this dictionary for a definition of oophorectomy will be referred to
oothecotomy and under that title will find the definition. If, however, a

barbarous word is common use that it were pedantic to, question its
in such
right of existence, be defined, but the correct term will also be given.
it will

For example, ovariotomy (of mixed Latin and Greek derivation and therefore
deplorable) is defined under that title, but a correct synonym, oothecotom.y,
is also given, and the consulter can use the proper term, or can continue in

his evil course as he will. Even under appendicitis, though with faint hope of
the suggestion being adopted, the preferable term, scolecoiditis, is indicated.
Especial attention has been paid to synonyms, these being noted under
the word defined, and also inserted as main titles with cross reference to the
one selected for definition. In this relation attention may be called to the
lists in small type, inserted here and there under the English titles, noting
the scientific terms for the various conditions associated with the part. If
the reader will turn to abdomen, foot, hand, pain, phobia, uterus, and many
other titles, he will see, without further explanation, what I have there
attempted to accomplish.
vi PREFACE.

A dictionary is not intended for consecutive reading (thoilgh some have

claimed to find pleasure, and even amusement, in this pursuit) but rather for
the acquirement of knowledge or the satisfaction of curiosity with the least
expenditure of time and trouble. A work of this kind should therefore afford
every facility for such laudable effort, and should not balk it by interrupting
the normal alphabetical arrangement with long lists of subtitles or tables
breaking the continuity of the pages. Nevertheless, subtitles are sometimes
necessary, and tables, as of the arteries, muscles, nerves, etc., cannot be dis-
pensed with. I have endeavored to preserve these essential features, without
increasing the difficulty of consultation, by several devices. In the first place
— —
the eponymic terms and their name is legion have been inserted as main
titles; Addison's disease, Bright' s disease, Camper's angle, Cooper's hernia,
Hutchinson's triad, Scarpa's space, etc., are defined under the proper name,
and not under disease, angle, hernia, triad, space, etc. This arrangement
materially shortens the long and confusing lists of subtitles and at the same
time affords the opportunity for the insertion of brief biographical details
regarding nationahty, profession, and dates of birth and death, which have
always a human interest and are subjects of a legitimate curiosity. In other
cases the qualifying word has been inserted as the main title, but only when
this is the more obvious arrangement typhoid fever, for example, is commonly
;

called simply typhoid, and it is therefore defined under typhoid instead of under
fever. When there is any doubt as to which word of a compound term would
naturally be looked for, a cross reference is given to the main title. In cross
references to a compound term, when uncertainty might arise as to the main
title, this is indicated by an asterisk (*) appended to one of the words in the

term. When the subtitles are many and not eponymic, reference to them
has been facilitated by placing them in the form of a table of column width,
distinguished by type of smaller size, under the main title, but alphabetically
arranged, so that the one wanted will strike the eye at once. The lists of ar-
teries, muscles, nerves, drugs, etc., have been arranged in the same way so as
not to interrupt the alphabetical sequence by page- wide tables. These tables,
or lists, embrace all the official preparations of the United States Pharmacopoeia
and the British Pharmacopoeia, as well as those of the National Formulary,
and also all the anatomical terms, these being placed under the Latin titles, with
cross-references from the English names. The tables of weights and measures,
comparative thermometrical and barometrical scales, the chemical elements
with their symbols and atomic weights, and other tabular data have been
placed in the Appendix, where they properly belong, since they are not,
strictly speaking, definitions.
The Basle Anatomical Nomenclature, adopted in 1895, has been slow in
winning its way in England and America, but is doing so surely and is now
generally taught in the medical schools and is found in the anatomical text-
books. All the words sanctioned by the convention are given the preference
in this dictionary, and when they differ from the terms formerly in use and
still employed by the majority of older writers, they are indicated by the sign

[BNA].
Medicine touches other sciences at so many points that the terms relating
to them cannot beignored, even in a purely medical dictionary; accordingly
an effort has been made to include definitions of all the chemical, botanical,
 PREFACE. vU

dental, and veterinary words which a physician is likely to meet in his reading.

The fact that there are many thousand insurance examiners in this country
has led me to believe that the definitions of the terms relating to this branch,
such as the different forms of insurance, life-tables, poUcies, risks, etc., would
be found useful, and they have therefore been introduced in considerable
number.
.'
The sectarian lines which have divided medical practitioners are, happily,
gradually fading away. Homeopathic and eclectic physicians no longer
ignore the discoveries of modem experimental medicine, but rather are doing
their part to advance true science. On the other hand, therapeutists of all
schools are learning that there is virtue in homeopathy and isopathy, as well
as in enantiopathy and allopathy, that, in fact, there is but one science of
medicine, and they are ready to apply any one of these healing principles in suit-
able cases. Prejudice and antagonism are often based largely upon misunder-
standing of terms, and in the effort to remove such misunderstanding and to
promote unity among the practitioners of the therapeutic art, I have defined
the terms peculiar to homeopathic and eclectic therapeutics.
Balneotherapy does not enjoy the repute in this country and Great
Britain that it has on the Continent of Europe; nevertheless references to
mineral springs are sufficiently numerous in medical literature to make it
desirable to supply certain data regarding them, and it has consequently
seemed advisable to include details regarding the composition and the thera-
peutic indications of the most important spas in Europe and America.
Special attention has been paid to the etymology of the words used in
medicine, for nothing aids so much in fixing a definition in one's memory as
a knowledge of the formation of the term; therefore the chief sources of our
language, Anglo-Saxon, Latin, and Greek, and to a slight extent Arabic, have
been indicated under the main titles and, where necessary, under the subtitles
as well. In the case of the Greek sources, it has been thought best, after
mature deliberation, to give them in Roman letters rather than Greek. This
has been rendered advisable because of the deplorable tendency to eliminate
Greek from the curriculum of preparatory schools and colleges, with the result
that only a small percentage of even well educated physicians of the present
day can read the Greek characters. I have therefore yielded to this tendency
in the transliteration of the Greek words, but under protest, and I wish to
register here the conviction that the elimination of Greek in our schools has
done much to barbarize the language of medicine and to render necessary
special dictionaries of this science. Some day the pendulum will swing the
other way and a new renaissance will once more join culture to knowledge to
make the perfect physician. In the transliteration of the Greek words, the
gamma (7) preceding another gamma (7), a kappa (k), or a chi (x) is repre-
sented by n, which is the sonant value of the gamma in such situations.
In the spelling of medical terms, preference has been given to the simpler
forms. In the matter of the elimination of the diphthongs, cb and ce,iX is a
significant fact that the languages which are the direct descendants of the
Latin, especially the Italian and the Spanish, have dropped the a and the o,
while the double vowels have been retained only by the Teutonic languages.
It is surely proper to admit that this has been a natural process for those who
have used the words from the beginning, and that the daughters of the Latin
viii PREFACE.

have a finer instinct for the genius of the parent tongue, which even in classical
times showed a tendency to drop the diphthongs. In English these words
were originally exotic and were adopted with their classical spelling; but even
with us, as they became incorporated into the language the unenglish diph-
thongs were dropped. We write equal and economy and not asqual and
(economy; surely hemorrhage and edematous, and other words of similar deri-
vation, are now legitimate English and should not be spelled haimorrhage and
cedematous. Those who still cling to the old spellings will, however, find them
here given as alternatives. In the spelling of medicinal terms the authority
of the Pharmacopoeia has been recognized, and the convenient distinction
between alkaloids and glucosides, -ine for the former and -in for the latter,
has been retained. The spelling of chemical terms recommended twenty
years ago by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (the
dropping of e in words like chlorine and has not been adopted here,
chloride)
for the reason that the chemists themselves are divided in their use of it,
many of the Americans and almost all of the English still adhering to the old
spelling; moreover the American Chemical Society specifically directs that the
ending -ine shall always be employed for basic substances, -in being used
for glucosides, bitter principles, proteins, etc. In words derived from the
Greek, the k (kappa) is represented by English c, especially before a hard
vowel. This is in accordance with the genius of the Latin as well as of the
English. We write catalepsy and cone, why then should we write katabolism
and leukocyte f If karyokinesia, why not leukokytef Leucocyte is pref-
erable and so is caryocinesia.
In writing on medical chemistry, authors are wont, for the sake of
brevity, to employ the chemical symbols instead of writing out the name.
Not as a mark of approval of this custom, but as an aid to the reader of
such articles, who may be rusty in his chemistry, a number of the most
common chemical formulae have been here introduced as main titles with
their definitions in ordinary language.
Every has naturally been made to avoid errors of typography; but
effort
some there may be, and the author 's thanks are extended in advance to sharp-
eyed critics who will call his attention to any such that they find. He will
be grateful also to those who will point out any possible errors of definition
or of omission which may have crept in among the many thousands of titles.
In conclusion, I desire to express my thanks to Dr. Emma E. Walker
who has contributed the balneological titles and many of the dental and
veterinary terms, and has rendered great assistance in the laborious collection
of biographical data. To my wife I am indebted for help in every step of the
undertaking. It were ungrateful to omit an acknowledgment of the generous
encouragement and assistance extended to me by the Publishers during all the
years this work has been in preparation; without their sympathetic coopera-
tion the difficulties of the task would have been almost insuperable.
 KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION.

a at the end of a syllable as a in mate, before a 6 as o in not

consonant as a in mat. o as o in note,
^ as a in mat. oo as oo in food.
a as a in mate, 65 as oo in foot,
all as a in father, or as o in for.
ai as ai in fair, ow as ow in cow.
ar as a in far. oy as oy in boy.
aw as a in fall,
u at the end of a syllable as u in pure, before a
e at the end of a syllable as e in mete, before a consonant as u in bud, before r as u in fur.

consonant as e in met. 8 as u in bud.

S as e in met. u as u in pure.
e as e in mete. u as the French u or the German u or ue.
e as the French eu or the German oe, nearly as dh as th in the,
e in her.
g hard as in get.
eh as a in mate, though not so prolonged.
kh a guttural k, as ch in the German bach or
i at the end of a syllable as i in pine, before a Scotch loch.
consonant as i in pin.
n- as the French nasal n in bon.
I as i in pin.
th as th in think,
i as i in pine.
zh as z in azure.
o at the end of a syllable as o in note, before a
consonant as o in not. The other consonants as in English.
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS DICTIONARY.

Am. Ind American Indian. It Italian.

Ar Arabic. L Latin.

B.A Indian and Colonial Addendum to the N.F National Formulary.

British Pharmacopeia. O.E Old English.
[BNA] notes term adopted in the Basle
a. O.Fr Old French.
anatomical nomenclature when this
P.G German Pharmacopeia.
difEers from the one formerly em-
pi plural.
ployed.
q.v L. quod vide, which see.
Br., B.P British Pharmacopeia.
sc L. scilicet, mamely, to wit, noting
B.P.C British Pharmaceutical Codex.
what follows.
cf L. confer, compare.
Sp Spanish.
E English.
U.S., U.S.P.. United States Pharmacopeia.
Fr French. * in the biographical data, denotes the

G Greek. year of birth; in other cases indi-

cates the catch-word in a cross-
Gael Gaelic.
reference.
gen genitive.
^ in the biographical data, denotes the
Ger German. year of death.
Hind Hindu. Other (medical) abbreviations are noted in their al-
Indian. phabetical order in the body of the Dictionary
Ind
 STEDMAN'S
MEDICAL DICTIONARY
 STEDMAN'S
MEDICAL DICTIONAET

A. Chemical symbol of the element argon. aba'sia-asta'sia, inability either to walk or to

a. Abbreviation for accommodation, anode, an- stand, but with retention of the muscular
terior, and
total acidity. functions in relation to other movements of the
a-, an-. [G. alpha privative.] A prefix convey- legs, when the patient is in bed, for example.
ing a negative meaning —without, not, away atac'tic a., ataz'ic a., difficulty in walking by
from, un-.
-less, reason of ataxia, paroxys'mal a., spas'tic a.,
aa, aa [abbr. of G. ana, a distributive preposition]. a. due to a spastic contraction of the muscles
A sign used in prescription writing to denote when an attempt is made to walk.
that the stated amount of each of the indicated abasic (3,-ba'sik) Affected by, or associated with,
.

substances is to be taken. abasia.

aaa disease. Endemic anemia or ancylostomiasis abate (a-bat') [L. ab, from, -|- battere, to beat.]
in ancient Egypt, ascribed in the Papyrus Ebers 1. To do away with. 2. To lessen, decrease,
to the presence of an intestinal parasite. become reduced.
Aachen, Prussia (ahkh'en). See Aix-la-Chapelle. abatement (a-bat'ment) j...Doing away with.
Aaron's sign [Charles D. Aaron, American physician, 2. A lessening or decrease, as in the intensity of
*i866.] A
referred pain or feeling of distress in the symptoms of a disease.
the epigastrium or precordial region, on continuous abatic (d-bafik). Abasic.
firm pressure over McBumey's point, in cases of abazial, abaxile (ab-ak'si-al, ab-ak'sil) [L. ab,
appendicitis. from, -I- axis.] i. Lying outside
of the axis
ab- [L. ab, from.] A
prefix signifying from, away of any body or part. 2. Situated at the op-
'
from, off. posite extremity of the axis of a part.
abaca (ah-bah-kah'). The plant, Musa texHlis, Abbe's conden'ser (ab'ba) [Ernst Abbl, a German
\ and its product, Manila hemp. physicist, 1845-1905.] An apparatus, consist-
abactio (ab-ak'shyo) [L. abigere, to drive away.] ing of two or three lenses, which concentrates the
Induced abortion. light reflected from a mirror on the object
abac'tus ven'ter [L. abactus, driven away; venter, viewed under a microscope. A.-Zeiss ap-
belly.] Induced abortion. para'tus, an apparatus for counting the blood-
Abadie's sign (3.-ba-de') i. [J. M. Abadie, Parisian corpuscles, consisting of a mixer for diluting the
ophthalmologist, *i842.] Spasm of the levator blood and a cell -jV mm. deep, marked off into
palpebrse superioris in exophthalmic goiter. ^. divisions of ^Jir square mm. so that each division
[Charles Jean Marie Abadie, Bordeaux clinician, contains njVi!- cubic mm.; also called Thoma-
contemporary.] Insensibility to pressure over Zeiss apparatus.
the tendo Achillis, in tabes dorsalis. Abbe's opera'tion (ab'i) [Robert Abbe, New York
abaissement (a-bas-mon') [Fr. a lowering.] Couching. surgeon, *i85i.] Dana's operation; intracranial
abalienated (ab-al'yen-a-ted) [L. abalienare, to resection of the 2d and 3d divisions of the 5th
separate from.] Crazy, deranged. nerve, with the interposition of rubber tissue at
abalienation (ab-al-yen-a'shun). Lunacy, mental the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale to pre-
derangement. vent reunion of the divided nerves, for the relief
abaptis'ton [G. a- priv. -I- baptizo, I immerse.] A of tic douloureux. A.'s ring, a ring of catgut
trepan of conical shape, which cannot slip used to reinforce the suture in intestinal anasto-
through far enough to injure the brain substance. mosis. A.'s string meth'od, sawing through an
abarthro'sis [L. ab, from.] Diarthrosis. esophageal stricture by means of a string in-
abartic'ular [L. ab, from, + articulus, joint.] At troduced through a gastric opening, up the
a distance from, or not involving, a joint. esophagus, and out by the mouth.
abarticula'tion [L. ab, from.] i. Diarthrosis. a. Ab'bot's paste [William Abbot, London physician,
Dislocation of a joint. *i83i.] A
mixture of arsenous acid, morphine,
abasia (ab-a'si-ah) [G. a- priv. + basis, step.] and creosote, made into a paste with water,
Inability to walk; specifically the presence of employed to kill the nerve of a tooth.
such inability, although muscular power, Ab'botVs method [Alexander C. Abbott, Philadel-
sensation, and coordination are unimpaired phia bacteriologist, *i 860. ] For staining spores:
in relation to other movements of the legs. the specimen is covered with alkaline methylene
ABBOTT'S METHOD ABDOMINAL
blue and brought to a boil several times, then by the diaphragm above and the pelvis below.
decolorized with a 2 per cent, solution of nitric (Some anatomists include in the abdomen all
acid in 80 per cent, alcohol, and finally dipped in down to the pelvic floor.) It is lined by a
a saturated alcoholic solution of eosin lo, in serous membrane, the peritoneum, which
water 90 the spores are stained blue, the bodies
; also invests the contained viscera. It contains
of the bacilli pink. the greater part of the organs of digestion and
Abb'ott's mefh'od [Edville G. Abbott, American also the spleen; the kidneys lie behind the peri-
orthopedic surgeon, *i872.] Treatment of lateral toneum and are therefore outside the abdominal
curvature of the spine by a series of plaster jackets cavity. The abdomen is divided by arbitrary
applied after partial correction of the curvature planes into nine regions see abdominal * regions.
;

by pulling on the flexed spine in various directions a. obsti'pum [L. obstipus, awry], deformity of
by bandages; the aim is to obtain overcorrection the abdomen caused by shortness of the rectus
and maintain it for a time until the bones are re- muscle, acute' a., any acute condition within the
stored to their normal shape. a. calling for immediate operation, car'inate a.
A.B.C. lin'iment. Compound aconite liniment, a [L. carina, keel of a ship], a sinking at the
mixture of equal parts of the liniments of aco- sides with prominence of the central line of the ab-
nite, belladonna, and chloroform. domen, navic'ular or scaph'oid a. [L. navicula, G.
A.B.C. process (pros'es). Purification of water or skaphe, boat], boat-shaped a., a condition in
deodorization of sewage by a mixture of alum. which the anterior abdominal wall is sunken and
Wood, and charcoal. presents a concave rather than a convex contour.
Abderhalden reac'tlon or test (ahb'der-haW'den) blood effusion, hemoperitoneum. dropsy, ascites, hy-
[Erail Abderhalden, German physiologist, *i877.] drocelia, hydroperitpneum. examination, celioscopy,
To determine the presence of protective fer- laparoscopy, abdominoscopy. gas indation, aeroper-
itonia (outside the intestine) ; aerenterectasia, tym-
ments* in the blood; one-half gram of the pre- panites, tympany, meteorism, flatulence (within the
pared albumin (from the placenta, cancer, urine, intestine), incision, coeliotomy, laparotomy, gastrot-
or what not) is placed in a diffusion* shell, to- omy.^ Inflammation, coelitis, peritonitis, pain, colic,
tormina, celialgia, celiodynia, enteralgia, ileus, gas-
gether with 1.5 c.c. of the serum to be tested, tralgia. puncture, paracentesis abdominis, celiopara-
and the shell is suspended in a test-tube contain- centesis. relaxation of walls, pendulous abdomen,
ing 20 c.c. sterile distilled wate^; the tube con- celiochalasis. sinking down of contents, splanchnopto-
sia, enteroptosia, gastroptosia, GMnard's disease,
taining the shell is then incubated at 37°C. for spasm, tormina, colic, tumor, celioncus, celiophyma.
16 hours, after which 10 c.c. of the dialysate is
abdom'inal. Relating to the abdomen, a. re'glons,
removed and boiled for one minute with 0.2 c.c.
nine regions into which the abdomen is divided
ninhydrin; the development of a violet color
by four imaginary lines or planes of these lines
;

within half an hour indicates a positive reaction.

two are horizontal, drawn at the levels of the
The test has been used to detect pregnancy,
cartilages of the ninth ribs (subcostal line) and
mialignant disease, exophthalmic goiter, de-
of the crests of the ilia {interiubercular line),
mentia precox, and various other conditions.
respectively, and two are vertical, passing through
The above is called the dialysis lest; a less com-
the center of Poupart's ligament on either
monly employed form is called the optical test:
side. The regions thus mapped out are named,
the prepared albumin and the serum to be tested
from above downward, right hypochondriac.
are mixed and after a definite period the fluid
is examined by a polariscope to determine
whether the presence of transformation products
has effected any rotation differences.

Abdominal Regions AND Zones, According to the

Basle [BNA] Nomenclature.

Abdominal Regions and Zones, According to thb right lumbar (abdominis lateralis [BNA]),
and
Old Nomenclature. right inguinal or iliac; epigastric, umbilical,
and
hypogastric or pubic; left hypochondriac, left
abdomen (ab-do'men) [L. abdere, to hide (?).] lumbar (abdominis lateralis [BNA]), and left
Belly, alvus, venter, the body cavity bounded inguinal or iliac, a. zones, three zones into
ABDOMINAL ABIOTROPHY

which the abdomen is divided by horizontal surgeon, 1764-1831.] A layer of subperitoneal

lines at the level of the cartilages of the ninth areolar tissue in front of the external iliac artery.
ribs (subcostal line) and the iliac crests (intertu- A.'s opera'tion, ligation of tfie external iliac artery
bercular line) respectively; the upper or subcostal through an incision curving around the anterior
zone (regio epigastrica [BNA]) is subdivided into superior spine of the ilium. A.'s sarco'ma,
the right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hy- liposarcoma.
pochondriac regions; the middle or umbilical aber'rans [L. wandering away.] Vas aberrans.
zone (regio mesogastrica [BNA]) into the right aber'rant. i. Wandering off, said of certain ducts
Itunbar, umbilical, and left lumbar regions, the or vessels taking an unusual course. 2. Differing
lower or hypogastric zone (regio hypogastrica from the normal, said in botany or zoology of cer-
[BNA]) into the right iliac or inguinal, the tain atypical individuals in a family or species.
hypogastric or pubic, and the left iliac or inguinal. aberratio (ab-er-a'shyo) [L.] Aberration, a. tes'-
The boundaries of the several regions differ some tis, presence of the testis in a part away from the
what in the old and the new nomenclatures path followed in a normal descent.
(see the illustrations). aberration (ab-er-a'shun) i. Wandering
. away
abdominoanterior (ab-dom"i-no-an-te'rK-or) Not- . from the normal situation. 2. Atypical de-
ing a position of the fetus in utero, with its velopment or growth. 3. Slight mental de-
belly turned toward the anterior abdominal rangement. 4. Unequal deviation of the rays
wall of the mother. of light in passing through a lens, so that the
abdominocystic (ab-dom-1-no-sis'tik). Abdomino- image is blurred (spherical a.) or colored
vesical. (chromatic a.), owing to a breaking up of.
abdominogen'ital. Relating to the abdomen and the rays of white light, diop'tric a., spherical a.
the genital organs. distan'tial a., blurring of the image of a
abdom"inohysterec'tomy. Removal of the uterus distant object. Kewto'nian a., chromatic a.
through an incision in the abdominal wall. aberrometer (ab-er-om'e-tur) [L. aberratio + G.
abdoin"inohysterot'oiny. Cutting into the uterus, metron, measure.] An instrument for measur-
cesarean section, performed through an incision ing optical aberration or any error in
in the abdominal wall. experimentation.
abdoin"inoposte'rior. Noting a position of the fetus abevacuation (ab-e-vak-u-a'shun). An abnormal
in utero, with its abdomen turned toward the evacuation in the way either of excess or of de-
back of the mother. ficiency.
abdominoscopy (ab-dom-i-nos'ko-pi) [abdomen + G. abeyance (ab-a'ans) [from the Old French.] A state
skopeo, I examine.] Examination of the ab- of temporary abolition of function.
domen or of its contained viscera. Abies (ab'e-ez) [L.] A genus of evergreen trees, the
abdom"inoscro'tal. Relating to the abdomen and firs and spruces. A. balsam'ea, balsam fir, the
the scrotum. source of Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam,
abdominothoracic (ab-dom"i-no-tho-ras'ik). Relat- terebinthina canadensis. A. canaden'sis, Tsuga
ing to both abdomen and thorax. canadensis, hemlock, the source of Canada pitch,
abdominous (ab-dom'i-nus) Having a prominent
. pix canadensis. A. ezcel'sa, Picea excelsa,
abdomen. spruce fir, or Norway spruce, the source of Bur-
abdom"ino-uterot'omy. Abdominohysterotomy. gundy pitch, pix burgundica.
abdominovaginal (ab-dom"i-no-vaj'i-nal). Relat- abietate (ab-i'6-tat). A salt of abietic acid.
ing to both abdomen aiid vagina. abietene (ab-i'S-ten) . A substance obtained from
abdom"inoves'ical. Relating both to the abdomen the nut-pine, Pinus (Abies) sabiana; it consists
and to the urinary or gall bladder. chiefly of heptane.
abdu'cens [L. drawing away from.] Nervus abdu- abietic (ab-i-et'ik). Relating to fir trees or their
cens. a. labio'rum, a. oris. a. oc'uli, musculus products, a. ac'id, an acid derived from abietin.
rectus lateralis [BNA]. a. o'ris, musctdus abietin (ab-i'S-tin). A resin from the turpentine
caninus [BNA]. of certain species of fir.
abdu'cent. i. Abducens. 2. Abducting or draw- abietite (ab-i'S-tit). A sugar obtained from the
ing away from. leaves of the silver fir.
abduct' [abducere, to draw away.] To move away abiochemistry (ab"i-o-kem'is-tri) [G. a- priv. +
from the axis of the body or of one of its parts; biochemistry.] Inorganic chemistry.
also to draw a part away from the middle line. abiogenesis (ab-i-o-jen'e-sis) [G. a- priv. + bios,
abduc'tion. i. Movement away from the middle life, + genesis, production.] Spontaneous gene-
line. 3. Aposition resulting from such move- ration, the origin of living matter without
ment, a. of the foot, rotation of the foot outward descent from other living matter.
around the axis of the leg, or rotation outward abiogenet'ic. Relating to spontaneous generation.
around its own axis. abiological (ab"i-o-loj'i-kal). Not relating to biol-
abduc'tor. That which abducts or draws something ogy or the science of living things.
in a direction away from the axis of the part, said abionergy (ab-i-on'ur-ji) [G. a- priv. + bios,
life, + energeia, action, energy.] Premature
of various muscles the opposite of adductor.
;

Abie's support' (ah'ba) [AbSe, German physician in degeneration with loss of function of certain
Naviheim, contemporary.] An apparatus for cells or tissues, not due to any apparent ex-

making pressure over the cardiac region in order ternal influence; abiotrophy.
to quiet the overacting heart. abiosis (ab-i-o'sis) [G. a- priv. + bios, life.] i.

abenter'ic [L. ab, from, + G. enteron, intestine.] Non-viability. 2. Absence of life. 3. Abio-

Apenteric. trophy.
abepithymia (ab-ep-I-thi'ml-ah) [L. ab, from, + G abiot'ic. Marked by abiosis, non-viable.

epithymia, desire.] Anepithymia. abiotrophy (ab-I-ot'ro-fl) [G. a- priv. + bios, life, +

trophS, nourishment.] Premature loss of vitality
Ab'ercrombie's degenera'tion [John Abercrombie,
or degeneration of certain cells or tissues, not
Scotch physician, 1780-1844.] Amyloid de-
generation. *
caused by any apparent external influence;
Ab'emethy's fas'cia [John Abernethy, London hypotrophy, abionergy.
ABIRRITANT ABRAMS' HEART REFLEX

abir'ritant. i. Soothing, relieving irritation, .i. abortion of pneumonia. A distinction is some-

An agent possessing this property. times made between abortion and miscarriage, the
abir'ritate. To soothe, remove irritation, diminish former signifying the emptying of the uterus prior
reflex irritability. to the fourth month of pregnancy, the latter dur-
abirrita'tion [L. ah, from, + irritare, to irritate.] ing the fourth, fifth, or sixth month; premature
The diminution or abolition of reflex or other delivery noting the delivery of a viable fetus after
irritability in a part. the beginning of the seventh month and before
abir'ritative. Soothing; tending to reduce reflex full term, artifi'cial a., induced a. conta'gious
irritability. a., infectious a. crim'inal a., an a. produced
abiuret (a-bi'u-ret). Non-biuret not producing artificially, the fetus being alive, and the inter-
biuret, not giving a biuret reaction. ruption of the pregnancy not being necessitated
abjoint'. In botany, to detach by septa. by the state of the mother's health, em'bryonal
abjunc'tion [L. abjungere, to disjoin, to separate.] or embryon'ic a., expulsion of the embryo prior
In botany, detachment by septa. to the fifth month of pregnancy, true abortion.
ablacta'tion [L. ab, from.] Weaning. f e'tal a., miscarriage, a. during the fifth or sixth
ablastem'ic. Not germinal or blastemic. month, habit'ual a., a. recurring, usually at
ablate' [L. ablatus, taken away.] To remove. about the same period, with each pregnancy.
ablatio (ab-la'shyo) [L.] Ablation, removal, ampu- incomplete' a., expulsion of the ovum with
tation, a. premature detachment of
placentae, retention of the membranes, induced' a., a.
the placenta, detachment of the retina.
a. ret'inse, brought on by drugs or mechanical means.
abla'tion [L. ablatio.] The removal of a part, as by infec'tiouB a., a disease attacking cows with calf,
amputation, or of any growth or noxious substance. the most striking symptom of which is abortion;
ablepha'ria, ableph'aron [G. o- priv + blepharon, it is caused by the presence of Bacillus abortus,
eyelid.] Congenital absence, partial or complete, and it may occur in the human female, missed a.,
- of the eyelids. the long retention in the uterus, and subsequent
ableph'arous [G. a- priv. + blepharon, eyelid.] expulsion, of a dead embryo, ov'ular a., expul-
Without eyelids. sion of the ovum in the first week or two of
ablephary (S-blefa-ri). Ablepharia. pregnancy, tu'bal a., rupture of an oviduct which
ablepsia, ablepsy (S-blep'sI-ah, 3.-blep'sI) [G. o- is the seat of an ectopic pregnancy.
priv. + blepo, I see.] Blindness. abor'tionist. One who practises criminal abortion.
ab'luent [L. abluere, to wash off.] i. Cleansing. abor'tive. i. Not coming to completion, said,
2. Anything with cleansing properties. for example, of an attack of a disease which sub-
ablu'tion [L. ablutio,] A
"washing or cleansing. sides before it has become fully developed or has
abner'val [L. 06, away from, +
nervus, nerve.] run its full course. 5. Rudimentary. 3. Cutting
Away from a nerve, noting specifically a current short an attack of a disease. 4. Abortifacient.
of electricity passing through a muscular fiber abor'tus [L.] Abortion.
in a direction away from the point of entrance of aboulia (&-boo'li-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- boule, will.]
the nerve fiber. Abulia, loss or marked diminution of the will
abneural (ab-nu'ral) [L. ab, away from.] j. power.
Abnerval. -2. Away from the neural axis. aboulomania (S-boo-lo-ma'nJ-ah) [G. a- priv. +
abnor'mal [L. ab, a.-wa.y from, + norma, rule.] Not boule, will, -I- mania, frenzy.] Abulomania,
normal, contrary to the rule or type, irregular. mental derangement accompanied by greatly
abnormality. Irregtdarity, deviation from the type weakened or abolished will power.
or rule. abrachia (5-bra'kI-ah) [see abrachius.'] The absence
abnor'mity. i. Abnormality, deformity. 2. Mon- of arms.
strosity. abrachiocephalia (a-bra"kI-o-sS-fa'li-ah). A,bsence
abomasitis (ab"o-mas-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of of arms and head.
the abomasum. abracUocephalus (S-bra'TcI-o-sef'al-us) [G. o- priv.
aboma'sum, aboma'sus [L. ab, from, + omasum, + brachion, arm, + kephale, head.] A monster
third stomach of a ruminant.] The fourth having neither arms nor head.
stomach of a ruminant. abrachius (S-bra'kl-us [G. a- priv. + brachion, arm.]
abo'rad [L. ab, from, + os(qr-), mouth.] In a A monster without arms.
direction away from the mouth. abrade (S-brad ) [L. ab, from, -I- radere, to scrape.]
abo'ral [L. ab, from, -I- os(or-), mouth.] Away from To excoriate, to scrape away the epidermis from a
or opposite to, the mouth. part.
aboriginal (ab-o-rij'in-al) [L. ab, from, -t- origo A'brahams' sign [Robert Abrahams, New York
(origin-), source, birth.] i. Autochthon. 2. physician, *i86i.] i. Rales and other ad-
Autochthonous. ventitious sounds, changes in the respiratory
abort' [L. abortare, to miscarry.] i To give birth
. murmur, and increase in the whispered sounds
to an embryo or fetus before it is viable. 2. To can be heard on auscultation over the acromial
arrest the development or growth of a living end of the clavicle some time before they become
thing or part. 3. To become arrested ingrowth audible at the apex. 2. A
dull-flat note, i.e.
or development, to remain rudimentary. one between the normal dulness at the right
abort'icide [L. abortus, abortion, 4- cadere, to kill.] apex and absolute flatness, heard on percussion
Feticide. in that region, indicating the progress from in-
abortient (ab-or'shent). 1. Miscarrying, aborting. cipient to advanced tuberculosis.
2, An agent producing abortion. 3. Sterile. A'brams' heart re'flex [Albert Ahrams, San Fran-
abortifacient (ab-or-tl-fa'shent) [L. abortus, abortion, cisco physician, *i864.] A contraction of the
+ facere, to make.] 1. Producing abortion. myocardium when the skin of the precordial
2. An agent which produces abortion. region is irritated. A.'s lung re'flex, increase in
abor'tion. i. The giving birth to an embryo or the pulmonary area following irritation of the
non- viable fetus. 2. The product of such pre- skin of the thorax or upper abdominal region.
mature birth. 3. The arrest of any action or A.'s treat'ment, treatment of aortic aneurysm by
process before its normal completion, as t^e percussion of the spine.
ABRASIO ABSOLUTE

abra'sio [L.] Abrasion. a.cold or wandering abscess in the groin, associ-

abrasion (^-bra'zhun) [L. ab, off, + radere, to scrape.] ated with lumbar Pott's disease, the pus sinking
1. An excoriation, a circumscribed removal of the down in the sheath of the psoas muscle, resid'-
epidermis of skin or mucous membrane. 2. A ual a., an a. recurring on the site of a former a.,
scraping away of a portion of the surface. 3. In due to inflammation excited by the undischarged
dentistry, the mechanical wearing away of the residue of pus. retropharyn'geal a., a phleg-
surface of a tooth. monous inflammation involving the cellular tissup
abreaction (ab-re-ak'shun). The emotional dis- of the posterior wall of the oropharyn.x. scrof-
charge, obtained after the recall of the original ulous a., strumous a. se'rous a., periostitis
psychic trauma, in the process called by Freud albuminosa, periosteal ganglion; a flattened sub-
catharsis. periosteal cavity containing a clear, yellowish,
a'brin. Jequiritin, a specific poison, analogous to viscid, synovia-like fluid, shirt-stud a., two
the bacterial toxins, occurring in jequirity seeds abscesses connected by an arrow channel, sol'-
{Ahrus precatorius). '
itary a. of the liver, tropical a. ster'coral a., a col-
abrotanum (a.-brot'a-num) [G. abrotonon, an lection of pus mixed with fecal matter, stitch a.,
aromatic plant.] The dried leaves and tops of an a. due to the use of septic suture material or to
southernwood, Artemisia abrotanum; employed the inclusion in a stitch of pus germs from the skin.
as a vermifuge and tonic in doses of inio— 20 stru'mous a., a cold a. of tuberculous origin.
(o.6-i*.3) of a fiuidextract. subphren'ic a., circumscribed suppurative inflam-
abruptio (ab-rup'shyo) [L.] Abruption, a tearing mation of the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm,
away. a. placen'tse, premature detachment and' usually of the contiguous peritoneal surfaces
of the placenta. of the liver and
of the diaphragm, trop'ical a.,
A'brus [more correctly Habrus, from G. habros, amebic of the liver associated with amebic
a., a.
graceful.] A genus of leguminous plants. A. dysentery, occurring chiefly in Europeans long
precaio'rius, Indian liquorice, the root being some- resident in hot countries, u'rinous a.., an a.
times used as a substitute for liquorice; the seeds communicating, with the bladder or the urethra,
have been employed in ophthalmic practice, see and containing urine mixed with pus. ver'minous
jequirity. a., an a. due to inflammation caused by the pres-
abscess (ab'ses) [L. abscessus, from abscedere, to go ence of larvae or of intestinal worms, wan'dering
away.] Acircumscribed collection of pus, a., an a. found at a distance from the focus of
acute' a., hot a. ame'bic a., an abscess of the disease, the pus burrowing along the fascial
liver, complicating or following tropical dysentery, sheaths of the muscles.
which contains amebas. arthrif'luent a., a cold, ab'scess-root. The root of Polemonium reptans or
gravitation a., due to disease, usually tuberculous, Greek valerian; it is sometimes used as a stimu-
of a joint, athero'matous a., a circumscribed area lant expectorant in doses of 5i~i (2.0-4.0)
of atheromatous softening in the wall of an artery. of a fluii^extract.
blind a., dental granuloma.* canalic'ular a., an abscission (ab-sl'shun) [L. abscindere, to cut away
a. of the breast discharging into the milk ducts. from.] Cutting away, cor'neal a., cutting away
ca'seous a., one in which the pus has become of the prominence of the cornea in cases of
inspissated, "having a soft cheesy consistence. staphyloma.
chron'ic a., cold a. circumton'sillar a., quinsy. absconsio (ab-skon'shyo) [L. abscondere, to hide.]
cold a., a collection of pus occurring without A recess or cavity.
local heat or other signs of inflammation, com- ab'sence. A temporary abeyance of the mental
monly of tuberculous origin, crit'ical a., an a. functions.
occurring toward the end of an acute disease. absinthe (ab'sinth, Fr. ab-sant'). A liqueur
diffuse' a., a collection of pus not circumscribed consisting of an alcoholic extract of absinthium
by a well defined capsule, dry a., the remains and other bitter herbs.
of an a. the pus of which has been absorbed. absin'thic. Relating to absinthe or absinthium.
embol'ic a., metastatic a., a suppurative focus a. acid, an acid obtained from oil of wormwood.
established at the point of arrest of a septic ab'sinthin. A bitter principle, C4i,Hj50,, obtained
embolus, fe'cal a., stercoral a. fixa'tion a., an a. from absinthium.
artificially provoked by the subcutaneous injec- ab'sinthism, -The pathological condition resulting
tion of turpentine, alleged to be of therapeutic from the habitual use, of absinthe in excess.
r value in certain infectious processes, gas a., absin'thium [G. apsinthion.] (N.F.) Wormwood, ,

an a. containing gas, due to the presence of the dried leaves and tops of Artemisia absinthium,.
Bacillus aerogenes or other species of gas-forming The infusion (Si:Oi) has been employed as a
microorganism, gravita'tion a., grav'ity ».., a tonic in doses of gi-2 (30.0-60.0). In large or
wandering a. which sinks to the dependent parts. frequently repeated doses it is a narcotic poison,
hot a., an acute a., one occurring with all the causing headache, trembling, and epileptiform
evidences of local inflammation, hypostat'ic convulsions.
a., gravitation a. metastat'ic a., a secondary a. absin'thol. The chief constituent (Cii|H„0) qf
formed, at a distance from the primary focus, oil of wormwood, identical with thuyol and
as a result of the transportation of the pus germs tanacetol.
by the lymph or blood stream, mil'iaiy a., one of absolute (ab'so-lut) [L. absolutus, complete.] Un-
a number of minute collections of pus. milk a., conditional, unlimited; complete, entire; fixed,
a, mammary a. occurring during lactation. certain, a. al'cohol, alcohol with no admixture of

mul'tiple a. of the liv'er, numerous small purulent water, or at most i per cent. a. di'et, complete
collections, of pyemic origin, in the liver, mu'ral fasting, a. field, that portion of the cerebral

a., one occurring in the tissues of the abdominal

cortex, a lesion of which invariably produces
wall following celiotomy, ossifluent a., an a.., spasm or paralysis, a. tem'perature, temperature
usually a cold wandering a., originating from a reckoned from the a. zero. a. ze'rp the lowest
focus of disease in a bone, phleg'monoijs a., possible temperature, that at which the form of
suppuration associated with acute inflammation motion constituting heat no longer exists, reck-
of the subcutaneous connective tissue, pso'as a., oned as —273.7° C. ,
ABSORB ACANTHOLYSIS

absorb' [L. obsorfcere, to suck in.] i. To incorporate abstrac'tion. 1. Taking away. 2. The making
of an abstract from the crude drug. 3. Blood-
or take up gases, liquids, or the rays of light. 2.

To take any material into the body through the letting. 4. Distillation or separation of the
lymphatics or blood-vessels. 3. To arrest the volatile constituents of a substance. 5. Exclusive

passage of radiant heat. 4. To neutralize an mental concentration, absentmiudedness.

acid. abstric'tion [L. abs, from, + stringere, to bind.]
absorbefacient (ab-sor-bi-fa'shent) [L. absorbere, to In botany, a mode of spore formation by a
suck in, + facere, to make.] i. Causing absorp- constriction of the end of the mother cell, the
tion. 2. Any substance possessing such quality. spores seeming to be nipped off; abjunction.
absorljent. i. Having the power to absorb, suck abter'minal [L ab, from, -I- terminus, end.] In a
up, or take into itself any gas or liquid or the direction away from the end and toward the
light rays, or to neutralize an acid. 2. Any center, noting the course of an electrical current
substance possessing such power. 3. A lymphatic in a muscle.
or blood-vessel drawing material of any kind into abulia (S,-bu'l!(-ah).Aboulia.
the tissues, specifically a lacteal, a. cott'on, abu'lic. Relating to, or suffering from, abulia.
cotton from which all fatty matter has been ex- abulomania (&-bu-lo-nia'ni-ah) . Aboulomania.
tracted, so that it readily takes up fluids. abuse Misuse, wrong use, especially
(4-bus').
absorptlometer (ab-sorp-shi-om'e-ter) [L. absorptio, excessive use, of anything, self -a., masturbation.
absorption, 4- G. metron, measure.] i. An abuse (S-buz') [L. ab, from, -I- utere, to use.] To use
instrument for determining the amount of gas wrongly, especially to overuse.
absorbed by a given quantity of liquid. 2. An abut'ment. In dentistry the tooth to which a bridge
appliance for determining the thickness of a layer is anchored.

of liquid between two glass plates in apparent A. C. Abbreviation for anodal closure.
apposition; used in hematoscopy. a-c. Abbreviation for auriculocarotid or atrio-
absorption (ab-sorp'shun). i. The taking up of carotid. a-c in'terval, the distance between the
gases by liquid or solid substances, or of liquids by beginning of the auricular and that of the carotid
solids. 2. The taking into the tissues, through wave in a tracing of the jugular pulse the inter- ;

the medium of the lymphatics or blood-vessels, of systolic period.

any material in suitable form. 3 The extinction
. Acacia (S-ka'shya) [G. akakia.} A genus of plants
of light or any of its component rays by black or of the order Leguminoses, foimd especially in
colored objects. 4. The arrest of the rays of tropical and subtropical regions.
radiant heat, the temperature of the absorbing acacia (U.S. and Br.). Gum arable, the dried exu-
body being slowly raised. 5. The neutralization dation from Acacia Senegal and other species of
of an acid. a. band, a dark band in the spectrum A. The official preparations are the mucilago
produced by the passage of light through certain and the syrupus. aca'ciae cor'tex (B.A.),
solid, liquid, or gaseous substances, a. lines, acacia bark, black wattle bark, the dried bark,
numerous dark lines in the solar spectrum due to kept for a year, of Acacia arabica or A. decurrens;
absorption by the solar atmosphere, and also by astringent, employed locally and internally in the
that of the earth; the phenomenon is due to the form of decoction.
fact that rays passing from an incandescent body acal'ypha [G. akalyphes, imcovered.] (B.A.) The
through a cooler medium are absorbed by herb, dried or fresh, Acalypha indica; expectorant
elements in that medium which would give out and laxative, resembling senega in its action; the
the same rays if the medium were itself made liquid extract and succus are used.
incandescent, a. spec'trum, a spectrum showing acamp'sla [G. o- priv. +
kampio, I bend.] Rigidity of
a. bands or lines, disjunc'tive a., absorption a joint, ankylosis.
of living tissue in immediate relation with a acan'tha [G. akaniha, a thorn.] i. The spine. 2.
necrosed part, producing the line of demarca- The spinous process of a vertebra.
tion, interstitial a., the removal of water or of acanthesthesia, acanthaesthesia (a-kan-thes-the'zi-
degenerated material in the tissues by the ah) [G. akaniha, a prickle, -f aisihesis, sensation.]
lymphatics. A form of paresthesia in which there is a sensation
absorp'tive. Absorbent. as of a pinprick.
abstergent (ab-stur'jent) [L. abstergere, to wipe off.] Acan'thia lectula'ria [G. akaniha, thorn, prickle;
1. Having cleansing or purgative properties. L. lecius, a bed.] Cimex leciularius, bedbug.
2.A cleansing lotion. 3. A
purgative. acan'thion [G. akaniha, thorn.] The tip of the
ab'stinence [L. abstinere, to abstain.] Specifically, anterior nasal spine; see cut vmder norma later-
refrain from the use of certain articles of diet or alis, 5.
of alcoholic beverages, or from sexual intercourse. Acanthoceph'ala [G. akaniha, thorn, -I- kephale,
a. symp'toms, erethism or partial collapse follow- head.] An order of nematode-like entozoa
ing the sudden withdrawal of an accustomed without alimentary canal. Various species are
stimtUant, such as alcohol or opium. parasites, in the adult stage, of vertebrate
ab'stract [L. absiracium, from abstrahere, to draw animals, the larval stage being passed in inverte-
away.] A preparation formerly recognized by brates. They are only exceptionally parasitic in
the U.S. P. under the name absiracium, made by man.
evaporating a fluidextract to a powder and trit- Acanthocheilonema perstans (a.-kan-tho-ki-lo-ne'-
urating with sugar of milk; one part of the mah pur'stanz) [G. akaniha, thorn, + cheilos, lip,
abstract was equal in strength to two parts of the + nema, thread; L. persiare, to persist.] Filaria
drug or its extract. The official abstracts were perstans.
of aconite, belladonna, conium, digitalis, hyo- acbnthokeratodermia (a-kan"tho-ker"a-to-dur'mJ-
scyamus, ignatia, jalap, nux vomica, podophyllum, ah) [G. akaniha, thorn, + keras, horn. -|- derma,
senega, and valerian. skin.] Hyperkeratosis of the hands or feet.
abstract' [L. abstrahere, to draw away.] i. To acanthol'ysis [G. akaniha, thorn, -I- lysis, solution.]
take away 2. To condense or abbreviate an A skin disease characterized by atrophy of the
article or paper. 3 To make an abstract of a. prickle-cell layer of the epidermis, a. buUo'sa,
drug. epidermolysis bullosa.
ACANTHOMA ACCOUCHEMENT
acantho'ma [G. akantha, thorn, + -oma.] i. acathec'tic. Relating to acathexia.
Papilloma. Cutaneous cancer,
2. n, adenoi'- acathex'ia [G. o- priv. -I- kathexis, a holding in.]
des cys'ticum, an eruption of papules and nodules, An abnormal loss of the secretions.
resembling spiradenoma, originating in the rete acathisia (S-k^-thiz'I-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- kathisis, a
spinosimi. sitting.] A neurosis characterized by an inability
acanthopel'vis, acanthopel'yx [G. akantha, thorn, + to remain in a sitting posture.
pelyx, pelvis.] A
rachitic pelvis with a sharp acaudal, acaudate (i-kaw'dal, ^-kaw'dat) [G. a-
and prominent pubic spine; pelvis spinosa. priv. + L. Cauda, tail.] Having no tail.
acantho'sis [G. akantha, thorn.] Any skin disease acauline (^-kaw'len) [G. o-priv. +1^. cauUcstem.]
due to an affection of the stratiun mucosum or Noting a group of stemless fungi.
spinosum. a. ni'gricans, keratosis nigricans, acaulino'sis. An eczematous disease caused by
hypertrophy with pigmentation of the papillae of the presence of an acauline fungus.
the skin, seen in malignant disease of the abdom- ACC. Abbreviation for anodal closing contraction,
inal organs. also written AnCC.
acap'nia [G. ^ - priv. +
kapnos, smoke, the product accelerans (ak-sel'er-anz) L. pres. part, of acceUrare
of combustion.] A
marked diminution in the to hasten.] Accelerator* nerve of the heart.
amount of carbon dioxide in the blood; also the accelera'tion. An increase in rapidity.
disturbances of function resulting from such accelerator (ak-sel'er-a-tor). That which increases
diminution. rapidity of action or function, a. nerve, a nerve
acar'dia [G. a- priv. +
kardia, heart.] Absence of originating in a center in the medulla and coming
the heart, a condition present in certain parasitic to the heart through the ganglion stellatvim; its
monsters. stimulation increases the rapidity of the heart.
acar'diac. i. Without heart. 2. An acardiacus. a. uri'nse, musculus bulbocavemosus. .

acardiacus (S-kar-di'S-kus) [G. a- priv. + kardia, accentuator (ak-sent'u-a-tor). A substance, such as

heart.] Amonster, parasitic on another fetus, aniline, the presence of which allows of a combi-
having no heart, a. an'ceps [L. doubtful], a nation between a tissue or histological element
monster with head, extremities, and heart all and a stain, which niight otherwise be im-
rudimentary; a. amorphus. possible.
acari'asis. Any disease caused by an acarid, or mite. acceptor (ak-sep'tor) [L. accipere, to accept.] A
acaricide (i-kar'I-sJd) [L. acarus +
cadere to kill.] substance, such as indigo, nitrates, etc.. which
I. Destructive to acarids, or mites. 2. An agent absorbs the nascent hydrogen set free by a. re-
having this property. ducing enzyme.
ac'arid. A member of the order Acarina, a mite. accessiflezor (ak-ses"![-flek'sor) Accessory flexor.
.

Acar'idx. A family of the order Acarina, including accessorius (ak-ses-so'rl-us) [L. accedere, to move
the mites. toward.] Accessory, supemvimerary, adjuvant;
acar'idan. An acarid. noting certain muscles, nerves, glands, etc. See
Acari'na [G. akari, a mite.] An order of Arach- under musculus and nervus. a. Willis'ii, nervus
noidea which includes the mites and ticks. accessorius spinalis.
acarlno'sis. Acariasis. acces'sory. Supernumerary, supplementary, adju-
acarodermatitis (ak"a-ro-der-ma-ti'(te')tis). An in- vant, a. nerve of Willis, nervus accessorius
flammation of the skin caused by the presence spinalis.
of a mite; acariasis, the itch. hawk.]
accip'iter [L. a A
bandage for the nose, so
ac'aroid [G. akari, mite, +
eidos, resemblance.] 1. called because its ends branch out like the talons
Resembling a mite. 2. An acarus, or niite. a. of a hawk grasping the face.
gum or res'in [Acarois, the former name of the accladiosis (ak-kla-di-o'sis). An ulcerative dis-
genus Xanthorrhcea], Botany Bay resin, an ease of the skin caused by the presence of a
exudation from an Australian tree, Xanihorrhaa fungus, Accladium castellani, isolated by Castell-
hastilis, employed as a stimulant in doses of gr, ani in Ceylon.
S-io (0.3-0.6). acclimatation (S-kli-ma-ta'shun). Acclimatization.
acaropho'bia [G. akari, mite, -I- phobos, fear.] i accli'mate [Fr. <J, to, + cUmat, climate.] Acclimatize.
A morbid fear of acquiring the itch. 2. A belief acclima'tion. Acclimatization.
that one has scabies, caused by an essential or acclimatization (i-kli"ma-ti-za'shun). The habitua-
senile pruritus. tion to a new climate; the acquiring of powers of
Ac'arus [G. akari, a mite, from akares, tiny.] A resistance against vmaccustomed influences in a
genus of mites of the family Acaridce. A. foUicu- new climate, especially a tropical climate.
lo'rum, Demodex folliculorum. A. scabie'i, Sar- accli'matize. To accustom one to a climate; to
coptes scabiei. make one used to new conditions and surroundings.
ac'arus. Any mite or tick, an acaroid. accommoda'tion [L. accommodare, to suit, make fit.]
acatalep'sia, acat'alepsy [G. a- priv. + katalepsis, Adaptation, adjustment; specifically, alteration
comprehension.] i. Mental deficiency character- of the convexity of the crystalline lens in order to
ized by a lack of understanding. ^. Uncertainty. bring divergent rays from a near point to a focus
acatalep'tic. i'. Deficient in comprehension. 2. on the retina, ab'solute a., a. of an eye independ-
Uncertain. ent of its fellow, histolog'ical a., pseudometa-
acatamathesia (a-kat-&-ma-the'zI-ah) [G. a- priv. plasia; change in shape of cells to meet altered
+ katamailiesis, a thorough knowledge or under- physical conditions, as the flattening of cuboidal
standing.] A loss of the faculty of understanding. cells in cysts as a result of pressure, neg'ative a.,

acatapha'sia [G. a- priv. -f- kaiaphasis, affirmation.] a. for distant vision by relaxation of the intrinsic

A loss of the power of correctly formulating a muscles, pos'itive a., a. for near vision, rel'ative
statement. a., a. of the two eyes acting conjointly.

acatastasia (^-kat-as-ta'sK-ah) [G. a- priv. + accom'modative. Relating to accommodation.

katastasis, condition.] Deviation from type. accouchement (S-koosh-mon') [Fr. from coucher, to
acathar'sia, acath'aisy [G. a- priv. -1- katharsis-, j. lie down] Delivery, childbirth, a. forc£ (for-
cleansing.] A failure to obtain a desired pur- sa'), forced, artificially hastened delivery, by
gation. means of forceps, version, etc. , .
 ACCOUCHEUR ACETBROMANILIDE

accoucheur (S-koo-sher'). An obstetrician, one aceph'alus [G. a- priv. +

kephale, head.] headr A
delivers a woman in childbirth.
who less monster, a. paraceph'alus, a monster with
accoucheuse (&-koo-shez'). A
female obstetrician; only partially formed skull and no brain.
one with medical education and training, as laceph'iUy. Acephalia, headlessness.
distinguished from an ordinary midwife. acerato'sis [G. a- priv. -f- keras,- horn.] Akeratosis,
accrementition (S-kre-men-tish'un) [L. accrescere, deficiency or absence of homy tissue, as the nails.
to increase] i. Reproduction by budding oi acer'vuline [L. acervulus, a little heap.] Occurring
germination. 2. Accretion (i), in clusters, aggregated.
accretion (S-kre'shun) [L. accrescere, to increase,] acervulo'ma. An intracranial tumor containing
I. Increase by the addition of material of the acervulus, or brain-sand; psammoma.
same nature as that already present. 2. A grow- acer'vulus [L. dim. of acervus, a heap.] The sabu-
ing together, adhesion, a. lines, lines seen in lous matter, composed of epithelial cells and lime
microscopical sections of the enamel, marking concretions, filling the follicles of the pineal body;
successive layers of added material. brain-sand.
accu'mulator [L. accumulare, to heap up.] i. A acescence (S-ses'ens) [L. acescere, to become sour.]
storage battery, z. A condenser (3). 1. A slight degree of acidity. 2. The process of
A.C.E, mixture. A mixture of i part alcohol, 2 becoming sour.
parts chloroform, and 3 parts rther, used to acescent (4-ses'ent). Slightly acid.
produce general anesthesia by inhalation. acestoma (&-ses-to'mah) [G. akestos, curable, +
acenesthesia (S,-se-nes-the'zi-ah). Absence of the -5ma.] Exuberant granulations which are
normal sensation of physical existence, or of the forming the cicatrix.
consciousness of visceral functioning.
acentric (a-sen'trik) [G. a- priv. +
keniron, center.]
Not central, peripheral; excentric.
acepha'lia, aceph'alism [G. o- priv. kephale, +
head ] Absence of a head, as noted in certain
parasitic monsters.
acephalobrachia (a-sef"al-o-bra'k!-ah) [G. a- priv.
+kephale, head, +
brachion, arm.] Absence of
head and arms, as noted in the case of some
parasitic monsters.
acephalobrachius (S-sef'al-o-bra'kl-us). monster A
without head or arms.
acephalocardia (a,-sef"al-o-kar'dI-ah) [G. a- priv.
+ kephale, head, + kardia, heart.] Absence
of head and heart.
aceph"alocar'dius. A
parasitic monster without
head or heart.
acephalochiria (a-sef"al-o-ki'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. +
kephale, head, + cheir, hand.] Absence of head
and hands.
aC3phalochirus (S-sef'al-o-ki'rus). A monster with-
out head or hands.
acephalocyst (5-sef'aI-o-sist) [G. a- priv. -I- kephale,
head, -I- kystis, bladder.] An echinococcus-cyst,
hydatid, especially one with no daughter cysts;
so called because it gives origin to no scolices or
tenia heads, such as come from the cysticerci. ACEPHALUS.
aC9ph"alogas'ter [G. a- priv. -I- kephale, head, -I-
gaster, belly.] A parasitic monster consisting acetaVuIar. Relating to the acetabulum.
only of the pelvic extremity. acetab'ulum, gen. aeetab'uU, pi. acetab'ula 'L. a
acsphalogaste'ria. Absence of head, thorax, and shallow vinegar vessel or cup.] Cotyloid cavity,
abdomen, as noted in a parasitic monster with a cup-shaped depression on the external surface
pelvis and legs only. of the innominate bone, in which the head of
aceph"alopo'dia [G. a- priv. -I- kephale, head, + the femur fits.
pous(pod-), foot.] Congenital absence of head acetal (as'et-al) [ace'.{ic) al{coho[).}+ clear A
and feet. liquid made by the imperfect oxidation of alco-
aceph"alopo'dius. A monster without head or feet. hol; has been employed as an hypnotic in doses of
acephaloirhachia (i-sef-al-o-rakl-ah) [G. a- priv. 52-3 (8.0-12.0).
+ kephale, head, + rhachis, spine.] Congenital acetaldehyde (as-et-al'de-hid) . Aldehyde (2).
absence of head and spinal column. aceamide (as-et-am'id). Acetic acid amide, formed
aceph"alosto'nil 1. [G. akephalos, headless, + stoma, . by the action of ethyl acetate
on ammonia; occurs
mouth.] Absence of the greater part of the head in colorless deliquescent crystals of a mousy odor.
with, however, the presence of a mouth-like acetanilid (as-et-an'i-lid) Acetanilidum.
.

opening at the upper extremity of the trunk or acetaniU'dum (U.S. and Br.), Acetanilid, anti-
neck febrin. Made from niline by acting upon it with
:

acephalos'tomus. A monster having no head, acetyl chloride; occurring in the form of white
.but only a mouth-like opening at the upper scales or crystalline powder, very slightly soluble
part. in water, but soluble in
5 parts of alcohol; em-
aceph"aIothora'cia [G. a- priv. -I- kephale, head, + ployed as an analgesic and antipyretic in doses of
Absence of head and thorax.
thorax, chest.] gr. i-v (0.06-0.3).
aceph"alotho'rus. A monster without head or acetate (as'e-tate). A salt of acetic acid.
thorax. acetbromanUide (5-set"brom-an'I-lSd). Antisepsin,
aceph'alous. Headless. asepsin, a derivative of acetanilide; has been
 .

ACETBROMANILIDE ACHILLEA

employed as an analgesic and hypnotic in doses

of acetin (Br.); an acetyl compound of phenetidin,
gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). occurring in the form of white crystalline powder
acetic (a^se'tik) [L. acetum, vinegar.] Relating to or scales, without odor or taste, soluble in, 12
vinegar; sour. a. acid, acidum acetictun. parts of alcohol and 925 parts of water; analgesic
ace"ticocep'tor. One o£ the. side chains* assumed and apyretic in doses of gr. 7^ (o-5)'
to exist in trjrpanosomes and other organisms, acet-theocin -sodium (as " et - the"o-sin-so'dI-um)
which have a special affinity for the acetic-acid Soluble theocin.*
radical. acetum, pi. aceta (S-se'tum, S-se'tah) [L. vinum
acetimeter (as-e-tim'e-tur) [L. .acetum, vinegar, + acetum, soured wine, vinegar.] Vinegar. The
G. metron, measure.] An apparatus for deter- vinegars (aceta) are" made by treating vegetable
mining the content of acetic acid in vinegar or drugs with dilute acetic acid. Two aceta are offi-
other fluid. cial in the U.S.P. and five in the B.P. a. aromat'-
acetin (as,'et-in). A glycerin in which one or more icum (N.F.), aromatic vinegar, a solution of the
hydrogen atoms have been replaced by acetyl. volatile oils of cinnamon, cloves, juniper, lavender,
acetoace'tic acid. Diacetic* acid. lemon, peppermint, and rosemary in alcohol,
acetom'eter. Acetimeter. acetic acid, and water; employed as a cooling
acetomorphine (as"e-to-mor'fen). Heroin. lotion in Tieadache and fever, a. canthar'idis
acetone (as'e-tone). i. A
substance, CO.(CH3)2, (Br.), vinegar of cantharides, i part, in 10 of 50
found in .the urine and blood in diabetes; it is per cent, acetic acid; used externally. «. Ipecac-
'
the cause of the peculiar odor in that disease. uan'hs (Br.), vinegar of ipecac; dose, irits-30
^. Acetonum. a, com'pounds, beta-oxybutyric (0.3-2.0). a. mylab'ridis (Br.), vinegar of lab- my
acid, acetoacetic (diacetic) acid, and acetone. ris; a substitute for a. cantharidis, employed as a
acetone'mia, acetonse'mia [G. haima, blood.] The vesicant, n. o'pii (N.F.)i vinegar of opium,
presence of acetone, in large amount, in the blood, black drop; dose, 11ES-20 (0.3-1.2). a., scil'lse
first by erethisni, later by a pro-
manifested at (U.S., Br.), vinegar of squill, dose, njio-30 (0.6-
gressive depression; acidosis. 2.0). a. urgin'ese (B.A.), vinegar of urginea or
acetoni'tril. Methyl cyanide, a colorless fluid of Indian squill Urginea i macerated in diluted
; , .

aromatic odor, soluble in water and alcohol. acetic acid 8; dose, iiJiio-30 (0.6-2.0).
aceto"noresor'cin, aceto"noresor'cinol. An anti- acetyl (as'et-il). A
univalent radical, CH5.CO,
septic compound of resorcin and acetone. which is supposed to unite with hydroxyl, OH,
acetonum (as-e-to'num) (U.S.). Spiritus pyro- to form acetic acid, CH3.COOH; the acetates
aceticus, ether pyroaceticus; a thin colorless being formed by the substitution of a metallic
\
liquid of an ethereal odor, coiitaining not less atom for the hydrogen in the hydroxyl group.
than 99 per cent, of absolute acetone dimethyl a. chlo'ride, CH3.COCI, a colorless liquid employed
ketone; has been employed in rheumatism as a reagent, a. benzac'onine, aconitine. a,
and gout in doses of i!j(is-20 (i. 0-1.3). It has param'ldophe'nol sal'icylate, or a. param"idosaI'-
also been used in warfare as a tear gas or salophen. a. phenylhy'drazin, pyrodin. a. sali-
ol,
lacrymator. cyl'ic acid, aspirin, a. sal'ol, vesipyrine. a. tan'-
acetonu'ria [G. ouron, urine.] The excretion with nin, tannigen, a. thy'mol, thymol acetate.
the urine of large amounts of acetone, an indica- a. tribromsal'ol, cordyl, analgesic and hypnotic
tion of incomplete oxidation of the albuminous in doses of gr. 8-1 5 (o 5-1 o). . .

' principles; see acidosis, acetylene (a-set'e-len). A colorless gas, of a dis-

acetophenet'idin. Acetphenetidin. agreeable odor, which bums with an intense white
acetophe'none. Hypnone, phenyl-methyl acetone, flame; it is prepared commercially by the action
a coal-tar derivative, a colorless liquid crystalliz- of water on calcium carbide. '

ing in white needles at low temperatures, with an achalasia (3.-kal-a'zi-ah) [G. o- priv. -I- chalasis,
odor of bitter almond; has been recommended as
, relaxation.] Failure to relax, referring espe-
an hypnotic in doses of 11E1-5 (0.06-0.3). ^• cially to visceral openings, such as the pylorus,
phenet'idin, malarin. or to sphincter muscles.
acetopy'rine. Acopyrine, trade name for antipy- Achalme's bacill'us (3,-shalm'). An anaerobic
rine acetsalicylate; a white crystalline powder, found in certain cases of rheumatism,
bacillus .

very slightly soluble in water; antipyretic, but probably belonging to the same group as
analgesic, antirheumatic, in doses of gr. 7i—rs Welch's bacillus.
(0.5-1.0). Achard-Castaigne meth'od (S.-shar'kahs-tan')
acetorthotoluid (as-et-or-tho-tol'u-id). An isomer Methylene-blue test.*
of acetparatoluid having similar properties.
.
ache (ak) [A.S. acan.] i. To be the seat of a con-
acetosol'uble. Soluble in acetic acid. tinuous pain. 2. A
peculiar dull, yet often
acetous (as'ertus).' Relating to vinegar; sour-tast- severe, continuous pain.
ing, a. iermenta'tion, fermentation of wine or acheilia (S-ki'lI-ah). Achilla.
beer whereby the alcohol is oxidized to form acheilous (ak'i-lus). Achilous
acetic acid, or vinegar. acheiria (S.-ki'rI-ah). Achiria.
acet'ozone. Trade name for a mixture of equal acheiric (S-ki'rik). Achiric.
parts by weight of benzoyl-acetyl-peroxide and acheirous (ak'i-ins). Achiroiis.
a moist infusorial earth; occurs as a white crystal- acheirus (S-ki'rus). Achirus.
'powder slightly soluble in water; employed
line achene (a-ken') [L. achenium.] A dry one-seeded
as an intestinal antiseptic in typhoid fever and indehiscent fruit.

dysentery. achenium (a-ke'ni-um) [G. o- priv. + chaind, I

acetparaminosalol (as-et-par-am"i-no-sal'ol). Salo- gape.] Acherte.

"

phen. '
achilia (S-ki'U-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- cheilos ip
acetpaiaphenet'idin. Acetphenetidinum. Congenital absence of the lips.

acetparatol'uid. An antipyretic substance in the Achillea (i-kil-e'ah). A

genus of herbaceous plants
form of colorless crystals, slightly soluble in water; of the order Composites. A. millefo'lium [L.
dose gr. 15—30 (1.0—2.0). mille,thousand, -I- folium, leaf], milfoil, yarrow
acetphpnetidi'num, acetphenet'idin (U.S.). Phen- , a perennial shrub the herbage of which is em-
ACHILLEA ACHROMODERMA
ployed as a bitter tonic in doses of 54-6 (120.0— bennet'ti, a species causing mouse favus,
180 o) of a tea made with i otince of the leaves to
. probably. the same as A. quinckeanum. A.
I pint of hot water; the dose of the volatile oil ceratoph'agus [G. keras, horn, + phago,
is itRS-io (0.3-0.6). I eat], a name given to the favjts fungus in
achilleine (4-kil'e-en). An amorphous bitter al- onychomycosis. A. gyp'seum, a species pro-
kaloid derived from Achillea millefolium It has ducing a form of favus. A. leber'tii, Tricho-
been used as an antiperiodic in doses of gr. 15-30 phyton microsporon, the fungus of tinea ton-
(1.0-2.0), but causes irregular heart action. surans. A. quinckea'num, A. arloingi, alpha
Achilles ten'don (S-kil'ez) [a Greek warrior who was fungus of Quincke, the pathogenic fungus of
vulnerable only in the teel.] Tendo Achillis, favus herpeticus. A. schoenlei'nii, the fungus
tendo* calcaneus [BNA]. A. t. re'flex, see under of favus. A. viola'ceum, a species found in
reflex. cases of favus in both mice and men.
achillobuisitis (a-kil"o-bur-si'(se')tis). Inflamma- achreocythemia (S-kre-o-si-the'mi-ah) [G. achroios,
tion of a bursa beneath the tendo* calcaneus. colorless, -I- kytos, cell, + haima, blood.] A state
achillodynia (i-kil-o-din'i-ah) [Achilles (tendon) + marked by deficiency of hemoglobin and conse-
G. odyne, pain.] Pain due to inflammation of the quent paleness of the red blood-cells.
bursa between the calcaneus and the tendo achroacyte (a-kro'ah-sit) [G. a- priv. chroa, +
Achillis (achillobursitis). color, + kytos, a hollow (cell).] A colorless cell,
achillorrhaphy (4-kil-or'a-fl) [Achilles (tendon) + G. a lymphocjrte.
rhaphe, sewing.] Suture of the tendo calcaneus. achroacytosis (S-kro-ah-si-to'sis). The occurrence
achillotenotomy (a-kil"o-ten-ot'o-mi). Achillot- of a great niunber of lymphocytes in the periph-
omy. eral circulation.
achillotomy (5-kil-ot'o-mi) [Achilles (tendon) + G. achToiocythemia (a-kroy"o-si-the'ml-ah). Achreo-
tome, incision.] Division of the tendo calcaneus. cythemia.
achilous (ak'i-lus) [G. u- priv. +
cheilos, lip.] Hav- achroma (ak-ro'mah) [G a- priv. -I- chroma, color.]
ing no lips. Leucoderma.
achiria (S-ki'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- cheir, hand.] i. achromacyte (S-kro'mah-sit). Achromatocyte.
Congenital absence of the hands. 2. Anesthesia achromasia (i-kro-ma'si-ah) [G. achromatos, color-
in, with loss of the sense of possession of, one or less.] 1. Absenceof pigment in the skin; vitiligo,
both hands; a condition sometimes noted in albinism, a. Cachectic pallor. 3. Absence of
hysteria. 3. Aform of dyschiria in which the the ordinary staining reaction in a. cell or
patient is unable to tell on which side of the body tissue.
a stimulus has been applied. achiomate (i-kro'mat) [G. a- priv. -1- chroma, color.]
achiric (&-ki'ric). Relating to achiria in either sense. An absolutely color-blind person.
achirous (ak'i-rus) [G. a- priv. -f- cheir, hand.] achromatic (i-kro-mat'ik) [G. o- priv. + chroma,
Without hands. color.] Colorless.
I. 2. Not decomposing white
achirus (S-ki'rus) [G. a- priv. -I- cheir, hand.] A liglit, said of a lens. a. lens, a double lens, made
monster without hands. of two kinds of glass with different chromatic
achlamydeous (ak-U-mid'e-us) [G. a- priv. + qualities, so selected that one practically neutral-
chlamys(chlamyd-), mantle.] In botany, noting izes the light dispersion of the other, without
a flower without calyx or corolla. interfering with refraction.
Achlea (ak'le-ah). A genus of thallophytic fungi, \ achro'matin [G. a- priv. -I- chroma, color] The
sometimes saprophytic but more often forming hyaloplasm or plasm of the cell, so called because
moulds on animals (fish, insects, etc.). of its weak staining property; especially the
achlorhydiia (S-klor-hi'drl-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- caryoplasm or structureless protoplasm of the
chlorhydric (acid).] Absence of hydrochloric cell-nucleus.
acid in the gastric juice. achromatinic (S.-kro-mS-tin'ik). Relating to or
achlorides (3,-klo'ridz). Non-chlorides; salts, other containing achromatin.
than chlorides in the urine. achromatism (a-kro'mi-tizm) The quality of
.

achlorop'sia [G. a- priv. +

chloros, green, opsis, + being achromatic.
vision ] Green-blindness, color-blindness as re- achromatocyte (i-kro-mat'o-sit) [G. a- priv + chroma,
gards green. color, + kytos, cell.] A decolorized erythrocyte.
acholia (S-ko'U-ah) [G. a- priv. +
chole, bile.] achromatolysis (a-kro-ma-tol'i-sis). Plasmolysis,
Suppressed secretion of bile. protoplasmolysis, caryoplasmolysis dissolution ;

acholuria (a.-ko-lu'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. +

chole, bile, of the achromatin of a cell or of its nucleus.
-I- ouron, urine.] Absence of bile pigments in the achromatophil (i-kro-mat'o-fil) [G. a- priv. -I-
urine in certain cases of jaundice. chrdma, color, + philos, fond.] 1. Not being
acholuric (S-kol-u'rik). Without the presence of colored by the histological or bacteriologica
bile in the urine. stains. 2. A cell or tissue which cannot be stained
achondroplasia (5-kon-dro-pla'zI-ah) [G. o- priv. in the usual way.
+ chondros, cartilage, -I- plasis, a moulding.] achromatopsia (a-kro-mi-top'sl-ah) [G. a- priv. +
Chondrodystrophy. chroma, color, + opsis, vision.] Color-blindness.
achondroplasty (4-kon'dro-plas-ty). Achondroplasia. achromatopsy (a-kro'mS-top-se). Achromatopsia.
achor (ak'or) [G. achor, dandruff.] i. An eruption achromatosis (a-kro-mi-to'sis) [G. a- priv. +
of small pustules on the hairy parts. 2. A scaly chroma, color.] Absence of natural pigmentation,
or scabby eruption on the face and scalp in infants. as in albinism.
3. An acuminate pustule. achromatous (a-kro'm&-tus). Colorless, unpig-
achoresis (S-ko-re'sis) [G. a- priv. +
choreo I hold.] , mented.
Permanent contraction of a hollow viscus. such as achromaturia (a-kro-m&-tu'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. +
the stomach or bladder, whereby its capacity is chroma, color, -I- ouron. urine.] The passage of
reduced colorless or nearly colorless urine.
Achorion (5-ko'rI-on) [G. achor, dandruff.] genus A achromia (S-kro'ml-ah). Achromatosis
of parasitic fungi producinir several affections of achromic (a-kro'mik). Colorless.
the skin A. arloing'i, A. guinckeanum. A. achromoder'ma. Leucoderma.
ACHROMOPHILOUS ACIDUM
achromophilous (S-kro-mofi-lus). Aohroraatophil. duced from without, as contradistinguished from
achromotrichia (a.-kro-mo-trikl-ah) [G. achromos, acidosis, or poisoning by acids formed in meta-
colorless + thrix{irich-), hair.] Absence or loss bolism.
of pigment^ the hair; canities. acidity (S,-sid'i-ti). i. The state of being acid.
acbroodextiin (a-kro-o-deks'trin) [G. achroos, color- 2. The acid content of a fluid.
less.] A form of dextrin which is not colored by acidol (as'e-dol). Betaine hydrochloride.
iodine. acidophil, acidophile (^-sid'o-fil, a-sid'o-fil) \L.
achylia (a-ki'U-ah) [G. a- priv. + chylos, juice.] acidum, acid, -\- G.philos, fond.] Oxyphile; also
I. Absence of the chyle. 3. Absence of the written acidophilic, acidophilous.
.gastric or other digestive ferment, a.
juice acidosis (as-i-do'sis) [L. acidum,, acid, + G. -oiis.J
gas'trica, diminished or abolished secretion of the Oxyosis; a condition in which there is an excess
gastric juice in atrophy of the mucous membrane of acid products in the blood or excreted in the
of the stomach, a. pancreat'ica, deficiency or ab- urine; there may be an excessive formation, or a
sence of the pancreatic secretion resulting in deficient oxidation of the amount normally
fatty stools, emaciation, and other symptoms of formed; when the condition gives rise to morbid
impaired nutrition. i
symptoms it is called acid intoxication.
achylosis (S-ki-lo'sis) • Achylia. acidosteophyte (as-i-dos'te-o-fit) [G akis, a point, -I-
achylous [G achylos, without juice.]
(ak'i-lus) osteon, bone, + phyton, growth.] A sharp-pointed
i. Lacking in gastric juice or other digestive bony outgrowth or osteophyte.
secretion, a. Having no chyle. acid'ulate. To render more or less acid or sour.
achymia, achymosis (a,-ki'mJ-ah, a-ki-mo'sis) [G. acid'ulous. Slightly acid or sour.
a- priv. -t- chymos, chyme.] Absence or defi- acidum (as'I-dum) [L.] Acid.
ciency of chyme.
a. ace'ticum (U.S. and Br.), acetic acid, HCjHaOi,
acicular (S,-sik'u-lar) [L. acicula, a needle.]
C2H402, or CH3COOH; a product of the oxidation of
Needle-shaped. ethylic alcohol and of the destructive distillation of
acid (as'id) [L. acidus, sour.] i. A compound of wood; the official acid is a liquid containing 36 per cent.
an electronegative element or radical with (B.P. 33 per cent.) of absolute acetic acid (hydrogen
hydrogen; it forms salts by replacing all or part acetate); employed locally as a counterirritant, and
of the hydrogen with an electropositive element occasionally internally in doses of Il]Js-iS (0.3-1.0);
or radical. An acid containing one displaceable employed also as .1 reagent.
a. ace'ticum dilu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute acetic
atom of hydrogen in the molecule is called
acid, contains 6 per cent. (B.P., 4.27 per cent.) of
monobasic; one containing two such atoms, absolute acetic acid (hydrogen acetate); dose, 3t-i
bibasic; and one containing more than two, poly- (2.0-4.0).
basic. 2. In popular language, any chemical a. ace'ticum glacia'le (U.S. and Br.) glacial acetic
,

compound which has a sour taste. 3. Sour, acid, contains 99 per cent, absolute acetic acid (hydro-
sharp to the taste.- 4. Relating to an acid; gen acetate) ; employed externally as a caustic for
giving an acid reaction, turning a vegetable blue the removal of corns and warts.
red. (For definitions of the different acids, see the a. am'ino-ace'ticum, amino-acetic acid, glycocoll,
adjectives or under acidum; the acids official glycin; white sweetish crystals, soluble in 4i parts of
water; employed in photography.
in the U.S. and Br. Pharmacopeias are defined
a. arsenic' sum (Br.), white arsenic; arseni* trioxidum
under acidum.) a.-albu'min, syntonin; a derived
(U.S.).
albumin formed by the action of a dilute acid
a. arseno'sum, arseni trioxidum.
on a native albumin; it is not coagulable by heat, a. benzo'icum (U.S. and Br.), benzoic acid, benzoyl
and is precipitated by neutralization of the solu- hydrate; occurs in the form of whitish needles or scales,
tion. a.-fast, a term denoting bacteria which are soluble in 400 parts of water, in 2^ parts of alcohol;
not decolorized by mineral acids after having antiseptic, diuretic, and expectorant; dose, gr. 10—40
been stained with aniline dyes; the leprosy, (0.6-2.6).
a. bo'ricum (U.S. and Br.), boric acid, boracic acid,-
smegma, tubercle, and hay bacilli are examples
occurs in the form of pearly laminar crystals or a white
of acid-fast bacilli, a.-gland, one of the stomach
unctuous powder, soluble in 25 parts of water; em-
glands secreting the acid of the gastric juice. ployed as an antiseptic dusting powder, in saturated
a.-intozica'tion, a pathological state due to the solution as a collyrium, and with glycerin in aphthae
toxic effect of an excess of acids formed within and stomatitis; internal dose, gr. 2-15 (0.12-1.0).
the organism or introduced from without, a.- a. bromau'ricum (N.P.), bromauric acid, occurring

proof, a.-fast. in the form of reddish brown acicular crystals or granu-

1 ar masses having an acid metallic taste, soluble ia
acidaminuria (as"id-am"in-u'ri-ah). The passage
water and in alcohol; employed in the preparation of
of an excess of amino-acids in the urine.
liquor auri et arseni bromidi, and in the treatment of
acidemia (as-i-de'mi-ah) [L. acidum, acid, ^- G. syphilis in dose of gr.^ {0.006).
haima, blood.] The presence of an acid in the a. camphor'icum, camphoric acid, a white crystalline
blood. powder obtained by the action of nitric acid on cam-
acid-fast (as'id-fast). See under acid. phor; employed in cystitis and in the night sweats of
acid-gland. See under acid. phthisis in doses of gr. 20-60 (1.3-4.0).
a. carbol'icum, carbolic acid, phenyl alcohol, phenyl
acidifiable (a-sid-I-fi'a-bl) [L. acidus, acid, -I- -fieTi,
hydrate, phenol.*
to be made, +
habilis, capable.] Capable of
a. carbol'icum ioda'tum, iodized carbolic acid or
being converted into an acid. phenol, phenol iodatum (N.F.), iodine 20, phenol 60,
acidify (a-sid'i-fi) [L. acidum, acid, + facere, to glycerin 20; caustic and counterirritant.
make.] I. To render acid. 2. To become acid. a. carbol'icum liquefac'tum (Br.), phenol liquefactum

acidimeter (as-l-dim'e-tur) [L. acidum, acid, + (U.S.), absolute phenol liquefied by the addition of 10

G. melron, measure.] A
device for determining percent, of water; dose, njji— i (0.03—0.06).
a. chro'micum (Br.), chromii trioxidum (U.S.),
the degree of acidity of a fluid, or the strength H2Cr04; occurs in the form of crimson, odorless, deli-
of an acid. quescent crystals; employed as a caustic.
acidim'etry. The determination of (i) the acidity a. cinnam'icum, cinnamylic acid, phenylacrylic acid,
of a fluid, or (2) the strength of an acid. occurs in the form of transparent scaly crystals; em-
acid-intoxica'tion. See under acid. ployed in infectious diseases to promote leucocytosis,
acidismus (as-1-diz'mus). Poisoning by acids intro- in doses of gr. -Ai-i (0.003-0.015).
ACIDUM ACIDUM

a. cifricum (U.S. and Br.), citric acid, the acid of fermentation. A culture of the bacillus or milk con-
citrus fruits; a clear crystalline deliquescent and taining it is usually given in place of the pure acid,
efflorescent acid, usually made from lemon-juice; a. metaphosphor'icum dilu'tum, diluted metaphos-
used as a preventive of scurvy and as a refreshing phoric acid, diluted glacial phosphoric acid; a 10 per
drink with water and sugar; dose, gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3). cent, aqueous solution of glacial phosphoric acid, for-
a.cit^ricum sacchara'tum, saccharated citric acid; merly employed as a substitute for the official diluted
. 62 5, sugar 37-5; used with saccharated so-
citric acid .
phosphoric acid in certain mixtures.
dium bicarbonate in the preparation of effervescent a. mouochlorace'ticum, occurs in, deliquescent white
saline mixtures. crystals; employed as a caustic for corns and warts.
a. cresyl'icum, cresol. a. ni'tricum (U.S. and Br.), nitric acid, HNO3,
a. dichlorace'ticum, a colorless liquid, used as a contains 68 (Br. 70) per cent, by weight of the concen-
caustic application to venereal sores. trated acid; employed as a caustic for warts.
a. for'micum (N.F.), formic acid, aminic acid, a a. ni'tricum dilu'tum (Br.), contains 17.4 per cent,
colorless liquid, employed as a muscular tonic in tremor concentrated nitric acid; hepatic stimulant and tonic
and fatigue, in doses of njia-io (0.2-0.6). in doses of 1515—20 (0.3—1.2).
a. gal'Iicum (U.S.), gallic acid, a vellowish white a. ni'tricum fu'mans^ fuming nitric acid, contains
crystalline substance usually made from tannic acid or about 91 per cent, concentrated nitric acid, employed
nutgalls; employed as an astringent for the same as a caustic'
purpose as tannic acid, in doses of gr. 2—30 (o. 12—2 o).
. a. nitrohydrochlo'ricum (U.S.), nitrohydrochloric
a. glycerophosphor'icum, prepared by heating or nitromuriatic acid, aqua regia, contains nitric
glycerin with two-thirds its weight of phosphoric acid; acid 18, hydrochloric acid 82 volumes; a fuming corro-
used in making the glycerophosphates. sive, yellowish liquid, used as a caustic.
a. hippu'ricum, benzoylglycocoU, a white crystalline a. nitrohydrochlo'ricum dUu'tum (U.S. and Br.),
substance (CbHqNOs) used therapeutically in the form
, dilute nitrohydrochloric or nitromuriatic acid; used
of its salts (hippurates of calcium, sodium, and am- as a tonic and hepatic stimulant in doses of nUs-2o
monium) . (0.3-1.2).
a. hydriod'icum, hydriodic acid, HI, a colorless gas a. ole'icum (U.S.), oleic acid, an organic acid pre-
readily soluble in water. pared from fats, occurs as a yellowish liquid; used to
a. hydriod'icum dilu'tum (U.S.), a solution containing form oleates.
not less than 10 per cent, of the absolute acid; em- a. os'micum, osmic acid, hyperosmic acid, osmium
ployed in cases in which the iodides are indicated in tetroxide; employed in solution for hardening tissues
doses of IIU5-30 (0.3-2.0). preparatory to mounting, and by hypodermic injec-
a. hydrobro'micum, hydrobromic acid, hydrogen tion of I or 2 per cent, solution in neuralgia.
bromide, HBr, a straw-colored fluid, official in U.S. a. oxal'icum, oxalic acid, a poisonous acid in crystals
and Br. as o. hydrobromicum dilutum, a solution con- resembling magnesium sulphate, employed in the
taining not less than 10 per cent, of the absolute acid; removal of ink and other stains.
employed as a substitute for the bromides in dose of a. phen"ylcinchonin'icum (U.S.)i phenylcinchonin-
II]3iS-6o (1.0-4.0). ic acid, phenylquinoline-carboxylic acid, atophan, cin-
a. hydrochlo'ricum (U.S. and Br.), hydrochloric chophen; an organic acid occurring as small colorless
acid, muriatic acid, HCl; a liquid containing 31.9 acicular crystals or a yellowish white powder of bitter
(Br. 31 .79) per cent, of the absolute acid, employed as taste, insoluble in cold water and but slightly soluble
an escharotic, and rarely internally in dose of IIJ2-10 in hot water; diuretic and uric acid eliminant in dose
(0,12-0.6) well diluted. of gr. 8 Co-S)-
a. hydrochlo'ricum dilu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute a. phosphor'icum (U.S.), a liquid containing 85 per
hydrochloric or muriatic acid, a liquid containing 10 cent, absolute orthophosphoric acid.
(Br. 10.58) per cent, of the absolute acid; employed in a. phosphor'icum concentra'tum (Br.), contains
dyspepsia and as a biliary stimulant in doses of 66.3 per cent, of the absolute acid.
T^[s-2o (0.3-1.3). . a. phosphor'icum dUu'tum (U.S. and Br.), contains
a. hydrocinnam'icum, beta-phenol-propionic acid, in 10 (Br. 13 .8) per cent, absolute acid; tonic and stimu-
white feathery crystals; employed in phthisis in doses lant digestive in doses of liP 15-30 (1.0-2.0) diluted,
of gr. ^2 (o 03-0 .12).
. a. salicyl'icum (U.S. and Br.), salicylic acid, ortho-
a. hydrocyan'icum, hydrocyanic acid, prussic acid, oxybenzoic acid; white, colorless, odorless crystals,
HCN; a colorless liquid, obtained from amygdalin derived from oil of wintergreen or made synthetically
present in bitter almonds, the stones of peaches, from phenol; employed in rheumatism and gastro-
plums, and other fruits, and laurel leaves. Scheele's intestinal fermentation in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0).
acid is a 4 per cent, solution of absolute hydrocyanic a. stear'icum (U.S.), stearic acid, a monobasic acid
acid. made from fats, occurs as a hard white solid; used in
a. hydrocyan'icum dllu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute pharmaceutical preparations,
hydrocyanic acid, a 2 per cent, solution of absolute a. sulphocarbol'icum, .phenol-sulphonic acid, sozolic
hydrocyanic acid; employed in gastralgia and as a acid; prepared by the action of strong ulphuric acids
sedative in doses of TiPi-s (0.06-0.3). on phenol; antiseptic and disinfectant; aseptol is a
a. hydrofiuor'icum, obtained by the action of sul- 33 per cent, solution of this acid.
phuric acid on fluor spar; has been used in doses of a. sulphu'ricum (U.S. and Br,), sulphuric acid, oil of
T1J35-20 (0.3-1.2) of the dilute acid (0.2 per cent.), vitriol, H2SO4, colorless and nearly odorless, heavy,
in the treatment of goiter. oily, corrqsive liquid containing 92.5 (Br. 98) per cent
a. hypophosphoro'sum (U.S.), hypophosphorous of absolute acid employed occasionally as a caustic.
;

acid; a 30 per cent, aqueous solution of absolute hypo- a. sulphu'ricum aromaficum (U.S. and Br.), aro-
phosphorous acid, HPH2O2; employed in pharmacy. matic sulphuric acid, elixir of vitriol, contains sul-
a. hypophosphoro'sum dilu'tum (U.S.), dilute phuric acid II, tincture of ginger 5, oil of cinnamon
hypophosphorous acid, contains 10 per cent, of the 0.0 1, in alcohol 84; the Br. preparation contains about
absolute acid; employed rarely in nervous disorders in 6 per cent, acid; employed as a tonic and astringent and
place of the hypophosphites in doses of TIJs-io (0.3- in the night sweats of phthisis in doses of Ti])5-i5
0.6). (0.3-1.0).
a. iod'icum, a white crystalline soluble powder, a. sulphu'ricum dilu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute
antiseptic and deodorant; used in ozena, as a lotion sulphuric acid; employed as a tonic and intestinal
in ulcers and in operable cancer, and internally as an astringent in doses of TiPs-is (0.3-1.0).
alterative and intestinal antiseptic in dose of gr, 1-2 a. sulphuro'sum (Br.), sulphurous acid, H2S0», a 5
(0.06-0.12) well diluted. per cent, solution of the absolute acid; used chiefly
a. lac'ticum (U.S. and Br.), lactic acid, a syrupy, as a disinfectant and bleaching agent, and occasionally
acid, odorless, and colorless liquid obtained by the as a spray in tonsillitis; internal dose, naso (2.0).
action of the lactic acid bacillus on milk or milk-sugar; a. tan nicum (U.S. and Br.), tannic acid, tannin, a
employed in concentrated form as an application to light greenish yellow, very soluble powder, extracted
morbid growths, and internally in doses- of lT])s-2o by ether from galls; styptic and asthngept employed
(0.3-1.2) well diluted to prevent gastrointestinal in diarrhea in doses of gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3)
ACIDUM 13 ACOPROSIS

a. tartar'icum (U.S.) 1 tartaric acid, made from crude homy plugs projecting from the hair foUiclesj
taitat or argol, occurring as a soluble white powder accompanied by inflammation, a. lupoi'des, a.
or crystals; laxative and refrigerant, employed in the
varioliformis, a. mentag'ra, sycosis vulgaris^
manufacture of Seidlitz powders and various effervesc-
a. necrot'ica, a. varioliformis, a. papulo'sa>
ing tablets and granules; dose gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0).
a. vulgaris in which the papular lesions pre-
a. tartar'icum sacchara'tum, saccharated tartaric
acid; tartaric acid 67.5, sugar 3 2.5; used with sacchar- dominate, a. pustulo'sa, a. vulgaris in which the
ated sodium bicarbonate in the preparation of efferves- pustular lesions predominate, a. ro'dens, a.
cent saline mixtures. varioliformis, a. rosa'cea, a. erythematosa,
a. trichlorace'ticum (U.S.), trichloracetic acid, rosacea, a., of the cheeks and nose associated with
C2HCI3O2, occurring in the form of deliquescent crys- congestion and the formation of telangiectases.
tals prepared by the action of fuming nitric acid on
a. scorbu'tica, a papular eruption accompanied
chloral hydrate; it is acetic acid in which three of the
by cutaneous hemorrhages, a. scrofuloso'rum,
four hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine; em-
ployed as an escharotic for venereal and other warts.
a form of a. cachecticonun, occurring in •scrofur
lous children, seated chiefly in the lower
+ durare, to endure.]
acidu'ric [L. acidum, acid, extremities, a. sim'plex, simple a., a. vulgaris.
Kendall's term to note the acidophil bacteria, a. urtica'ta, an eruption of acne-like lesions,
which grow in acid media, but grow better in beginning as small urticarial wheals and folr
slightly alkaline media. lowed by slight scarring, a. variolifor'mis, a.
acidyl (as'id-il) [L. acidum, acid, +
hyle, stuff.] A pustiilosa followed by scarring, occurring chiefly
general term for the acid radicals. on the forehead and temples at the border of
acies (a'sl-ez) [L. edge.] Margin, border, edge. the scalp, a. Tulga'ris, a. simplex, a., dissemi-
a. thal'ami op'tici, stria meduUaris. nata, simple uncomplicated a., an eruption of
acinesia (as-in-e'sl-ah) [G. a- priv. -t- kinesis, move- papules and pustules on an inflammatory base,
ment.] Akjnesia. due to an inflammation originating in the seba*
acine'sic. Aciuetic. ceous follicles.
acinet'ic. Akinetic, without the power of voluntary Bc'neform, acne'ifoim [acne + L. forma, shape.]
motion. Resembling acne.
acin'ic. Acinous. acnitis (ak-ni'(ne')tis). Acne agminata.
aciniform (as-in'I-form) [L. acinus, grape, -I- forma, acocan'thera. Toxicophloea, Hottentot's poison
shape.] Acinous. bush; a South African arrow poison containing,
acinose (as'in-oze). Acinous. ouabain, juice from the leaves and stems of .

acinous (as'in-us) [L. acinus, grape.] Resembling Acocanthera venenata,,

a bunch of grapes noting certain glands (alveolar
;
acocantherin (S-ko-kan'ther-in). Ouabain.
glands'), the excretory ducts of which start from acoelius (S-se'li-us) [G. a- priv. + koilia, abdomen.^
little sacs (acini) arranged in clusters like grapes. A monster without abdomen.
acinus, gen. and pi. acini (as'in-us) [L. berry, grape ] acognosy. (S-kog'no-sI) [G. akos, remedy, -(- gnosis;
Alveolus. I. One of the minute sac-like begin- .'
knowledge.] A knowledge of remedies.
nings of the excretory ducts of an acinous or acoin (ak'o-in), A white crystalline powder,
alveolar gland, an aggregation of which consti- dipara-anisylmonophenetyl-guanidin hydrochloiv
tutes a lobule. 2. An air-cell of the lung. 3. ide, employed for infiltration anesthesia (i— 1000
A lobule of the liver. solution), and also as a' local anesthetic in eye
aclas'tic [G. a- priv. + klastos, broken in pieces.] surgery, in i per cent, solution.
Non-refractive, not refracting the rays of light. acol'ogy [G. akos, remedy, 4- -logia.l Materia
acleistocardia (a.-klis-to-kar'di-ah) [G- <J- priv. + medica. i

kleistos, closed, +
kardia, heart.] Patency of the aco'mia [G. a- priv. + kome, hair of the head.]
foramen ovale of the heart. Alopecia, baldness.
ac'me [G. akme, the highest point.] i. The period ac'onine. An amorphous, bitter, non-poisonous
of greatest intensity of a f eVer or of any symptom alkaloid, derived from aconitine.
2. Acne. ac'onite. The root of Aconitum napellus; see
ac'ne [probably a corruption (or copyist's error) aconitum.
of G. akme, point or efflorescence.] papular A aconiti'na (U.S. and Br.). Aconitine, acetylben-
eruption due to inflammation, with accumulation zoylaconine, the active principle (alkaloid) of
of secretion, of the sebaceous glands, a. agmina'- aconitum, occurring in white crystals; exceed-
ta, acnitis, an eruption of small, dusky, reddish ingly poisonous; employed as a cardiac sedative
papules on the face, becoming pustular, and in dose of gr. yjj (0.00015). The unguentum
followed by slight scarring, a. al'bida [L. whit- is official in the B.P.
ish], milium, a. artificialis, a. produced by Aconi'tum [L. wolfsbane.] A
genus of herbaceous
external irritants, such as tar, or drugs inter- plants of the natural order Ranunculacece, the
nally administered, such as iodine, a. atroph'ica, root of one species of which, A. napellus, is the
a,, vulgaris in which the lesions leave a, slight drug aconite. The alkaloid aconitine is usually
amount of scarring; a. varioliformis, a. cachecr obtained from the root of another species, A. ferox.
tico'rum, simple a. occurring in the subjects of aconi'tum, gen. aconi'ti [G. akoniton, monkshood.]
anemia or of some debilitating constitutional (U.S.) Aconiti radix (Br.), the root of Aconitum
disease, a. dissemina'ta, a. vulgaris, a. erythe^ napellus, monkshood or wolfsbane; antipyretic'
mato'sa, a. rosacea, a. exul'cerans serpigino'sa diuretic, diaphoretic, and anodyne, a cardiac
na'si, a peripherally progressing eruption of and respiratory depressant; externally analgesic;
minute papular granulomata, followed by scar- dose of the crude drug, gr. i (0.06). The fluid-
ring, on the nose. a. fronta'lis, a. of the forehead. extract, liniment, and tincture are official in the
a. hypertroph'ica, a., vulgaris in which the lesions, U.S.P., or B.P., or both.
on healing, leave conspicuous scars, a. indura'ta, aconure'sis [G. akon, involuntary, +
ouresis,
deeply seated a. with hard tubercular lesions micturition.] Enuresis, involuntary urination.
varying from simple papules to tumors the size acoprosis (S-kS-pro'sis) [G. a- priv. koprbs,+
of a pea. a. keloid, sycosis nuchas necrotisans; feces.] Absence or great scantiness of fecal
a, kerato'sa, an eruption of papules consisting of matter in the intestines.
ACOPYRINE 14 ACROCEPHALIC

acopyrine (ak-o-pi'ren) Acetopyrine, antipyrine* of formaldehyde with the suspected fluid in a

acetylsalicylate. test-tube, then trickle a little sulphuric acid
a'cor [L. a soxir taste.] Gastric acidity, pyrosis. down the side of the tube; if protein is present
acorea (i-ko-re'ah) [G. a- priv. + korS, pupil.] Con- the line of contact will show a violet coloration.
genital absence of the pupil of the eye. Ac'rel's gang'lion [Olof Acrel, Swedish surgeon,
acoiia (5-ko'ri-ah) [G. excessive appetite, from o- 1717-1807.] Ganglion on the extensor tendons
priv. + kore, satiety.] 1. Absence of the feeling of the wrist.
of satiety after eating, from which may arise: acremoniosis (ak-re-mo-ni-o'sis). condition A
2. Gluttony. To be distinguished from bulimia marked by fever and the occurrence of gumma-
in which actual hunger persists. like swellings, caused by a fungus Acremonium
acor'mus [a- priv. + kormos, trunk.] A form of potronii.
acardiacus in which the entire trunk is lacking. acribom'eter [G. akribes, exact, +
metron, measure ]
acoulal'ion [G. akoud, I hear, + lalia, talking.] An instrument for measiiring very minute objects.
An instrument for enabling the very deaf to ac'rid [L. acer{acr-), pungent.] Sharp, pungent,
hear; it is constructed on the principle of the biting, irritating, a. poison, a poison which
telephone with a sound-magnifying attachment. causes a destructive local irritation as well as
acoumeter (i-koo'ine-ter) [G. akoud, I hear, + metron, systemic effects.
measure.] An instrument for measuring the aciidine (i'krl-den). An alkaloid derived from
acuity of hearing, consisting of a movable and gas-tar; occurs in colorless crystals of an acid
a fixed steel rod, the striking of one of which upon odor and taste.
the other gives a sharp click. acriflavine (ak-ri-fla'ven) . An acridine dye (diam-
acotunetiy (i-koo'me-trl). Measurement of the ino-methyl-acridinium chloride) possessing very ,

hearing faculty. powerful antiseptic properties, especially in the

acouphone (i'koo-f on) [G. akoud, I hear, + phone,
' presence of serum; said to be 20 times more
sound.] An electrical appliance, on the principle powerful than mercuric chloride and 800 times
of the telephone, for enabling the deaf to hear; more so than phenol.
spelled also akouphone. acrimo'ma [L. pungency.] A sharp, pungent,
acousm a(^-kooz'mah) [G. akousma, a rumor.] disease-provoking humor; a. term of the ancient
An auditory hallucination. humoral pathologists.
acousmatagnosia (S-kooz-mi-tag-no'sI-ah) [G. ak- ac'rimony [L acrimonia, pungency.] The quality
ousma(akousmat~), a thing heard, -f- agnosia, of being intensely irritant, biting, or pungent.
ignorance.] Mind-deafness inability to grasp the
; ac'rinyl sulphocy'anlde. White mustard oil, formed
meaning of what is heard. by the action of myrosin on synalbin, parahy-
acousmatamnesia (3,-kooz-ina-tam-ne'sI-ah) [G. droxybenzyl-isothiocyanate, C,H,ONCS a yellow, ;

akousma, something heard, + amnesia, forget- pungent, vesicating liquid.

, fulness ] A
loss of memory for sounds. acrisia (5-kris'i-ah) [G. a- priv. +
krisis, judgment.]
acoustic (3.-koos'tik) [G. akousiikos.] Relating to A condition in which diagnosis and especially
hearing or the perception of sound. prognosis are uncertain.
acousticon (3.-koos'ti-kon) [G. akousiikos, relating acrit'ical + kriiikos, critical.] i. Not
[G. a- priv.
to hearing.] An electrical appliance, on the criticalmarked by no crisis, noting the diseases
;

principle of the telephone, for enabling the deaf terminating by lysis, z. Indeterminate, especially
to hear better. as regards prognosis.
acoustics (a,-koos'tiks) [G. akousiikos, relating to acritochromacy (S-kri-to-kro'ma-si) [G. akritos, not
hearing.] The science which treats of sounds distinguishing, + chroma, color.] Color-blindness.
and of their perception. acroaesthesia (ak"ro-es-the'zJ-ah). Acroesthesia.
acquired (^-kwird') [L, acquirers, to obtain.] acroanesthesia, acroanassthesia (ak"ro-an-es-the'-
Noting a disease, predisposition, habit, etc., which zl-ah) [G. akros, extreme, an- priv.+ aisthesis, +
is not congenital but has taken possession of one sensation.] i Complete anesthesia, total absence
.

at some period after birth. of sensation z. [G. akron. end, extremity.]

acquisitus (3,-kwiz'i-tus) [L.] Acquired, noting a Anesthesia of one or more of the extremities.
non-congenital dermatosis or other disease. acroarthritis (ak"ro-ar-thri'(thre )tis) [G. akron,
acraconitine (ak"r&-kon'I-ten) [L. acer (acr-), violent, end, extremity, -t- arihron, joint, -t- -iiis.] Inflam-
+ E. aconiiine.] Pseudaconitine, an alkaloid mation of the joints of the hands or feet.
from Aconilwm ferox, said to be twice the strength acroasphyzia ^ (ak"ro-as-fiks'i-ah) [G. akron, ex-
of aconitine. tremity, +
asphyxia, stoppage of the pulse]
acrania (i-kra'nl-ah) fG. a- priv. -1- kranion, skull.] Raynaud's* disease.
Congenital absence of most or all of the bones of acroatazia (ak"ro-a-taks1-ah) [G. akros, highest,
the cranium. first part, +
ataxia.] Ataxia or muscular inco-
acra'nial. [G. a- priv.kranion, skull.] Having
-t- ordination affecting the distal portion of the ex-
no cranium; relating to an acranius. —
tremities hands and fingers, feet and toes.
acra'nius [G. a- priv. + kranion, skull.] A monster ac'roblast [G. akros, topmost, +
blasios, germ.]
having no cranium, or with only the bones form- One of the embryonic cells forming the outer
ing the base of the skull layer of the mesoblast.
acrasia (S-kra'sI-ah) [G.] Incontinence, intemper- acrobystiolith (ak-ro-bis'ti-o-Iith) [G. akrobysiia,
ance. prepuce, -I- liihos, stone.] A preputial calculus.
(i-kra'shyah) [G. akraieia, incontinence.] acrobystitis "
acratia (ak-ro-bis-ti'(te')tis) [G. akrobystia,
1. Incontinence. 2. Loss of strength, weakness. prepuce.] Inflammation of the prepuce, pos-
3. Lack of control. thitis.
acraturesis (ak-rS-tu-re'sis) [G. akraies, powerless, acrocarpous (ak-ro-kar'pus) [G. akros, at the top,
incontinent, -I- ourSsis, urination.] i. Inconti- karpos, fruit.]
+
In botany noting a moss in which
nence of urine. 2. Feeble urination due to the archegonium is developed on the summit of
vesical atony. the primary stem.
Acree-Rosenheim test (ah'kra-ro'zen-him) For . acrocepha'lia. Acrocephaly.
protein; mix 5 to 10 drops of a 1-5000 solution aorocephal'ic [G. akron, tip, -f- kephale, head.]
ACROCEPHALIC IS ACROTIC

Having a, high or peaked head. Noting a skull the angle at the lower edge of the spme of the
with a vertical index above 77. Similar to scapula where it ascends to become the acromion.
hypsicephalic {q.v.). a. process, acromion.
acroceph'alous. Acrocephalic. acromicria (ak-ro-mik'ri-ah) [G. akron, extremity, +
acToceph'aly [G. akron, tip, + kephale, head.] mikros, small.] Congenital shortness or general
Malformation of the head, consisting in a high smallness of one or more extremities.
or pointed cranial vault, due to premature closure acro"mioclavic'ular. Relating to the acromion
of the sagittal, coronal, and lambdoid sutures. and the clavicle, noting the articulation between
acrochordon (ak-ro-kor'don) [G. akron, extremity, the clavicle and the scapula, and its ligaments.
+ chorde, cord.] A
small pedunculated growth, acro"miocor'acoid. Relating to the acromion and
as in moUuscum pendulum. the coracoid process, same as coracoacromial.
acrocinesia (ak-ro-sin-e'sl-ah) [G. akros, extreme, + acro'miohu"meral. Relating to the acromion and
kinesis, movement.] Excessive movement. the humerus.
acrocinet'ic. Being extremely motile. acro'mion [G. akron, tip, + omos, shoulder.] Acro-
acrocyanosis (ak-ro-si-an-o'sis) [G. akron, extremity, mial process, the outer end of the spine of the
+ kyanosis, dark blue color.] Cyanosis of the scapula which projects as a broad flattened proc-
finger-tips, resembling that of Raynaud's* dis- ess overhanging the glenoid fossa; it articulates
ease, but differing from it in the absence of a pro- with the clavicle and gives attachment to the
^ dromic local asphyxia, in its permanence, and in deltoid and some fibers of the trapezius.
the absence or slight degree of accompanying pain, acromiothoracic (a-kro"me-o-tho-ras'ik). Relating
acrodermatitis (ak-ro-dur-mah-ti'(te')tis) [G. akron, to the acromion and the thorax, noting a branch
extremity, + derma, skin, -I- -t/ii.] Inflamma- of the axillary artery.
tion of the skin of the arms or legs. a. per'stans, acrom'phalus [G. akron, top, + omphalos, umbili-
a persistently recurring form of dermatitis cus.] Abnormal projection of the umbilicus.
repens. a. vesiculo'sa trop'ica, a condition acromyotonia (ak"-ro-mi-o-to'ni-ah) [G. akron, ex-
marked by a glossy appearance of the skin of tremity, +
mys, muscle, -|- tonos, tension.]
the fingers, with minute vesicles imbedded in it; Myotonia affecting the extremities only, result-
some pain in the hand and fingers is complained ing in spasmodic deformity of the hand or foot.
of. acromyotonus (ak-ro-mi-ot'o-nus). Acromyoto-
acrodont (ak'ro-dont) [G. akros, edge, -f odous nia.
(pdont-), tooth.] Noting an animal (such as acronarcot'ic [L. acer(acr-), pungent, acrid.] ±.

certain lizards) having the teeth attached directly Both irritant in local effect and narcotic in action
to the edge of the jaws and not inserted in alveoli. upon the nerve centers. 2. A narcotic poison
acrodynia (ak-ro-din'I-ah) [G. nkron, extremity, + which is locally irritant.
odyne, pain.] 1 An epidemic which prevailed in
. acroneurosis (ak-ro-nu-ro'sis) [G. akron, extremity.]
Paris in 1828, marked by pain in the extremities, Any neurosis,, usually vasomotor in nature, mani-
especially the legs and feet, accompanied by con- festing itself in the extremities.
tractures, an eruption of patches of er3d;hema, and acroparal'ysis [G. akron, extremity.] Paralysis
sometimes digestive disturbances; supposed to affecting the muscles of one or more of the
have been pellagra, ergotism, or dengue. 2. extremities.
Multiple neuritis of the fingers or toes. acroparesthesia, acroparaesthesia (ak"ro-par-es-the'-
acroesthesia (ak-ro-es-the'zl-ah) [G. akros, extreme, zl-ah) [G. akron, extremity.] i. Paresthesia

-I- aisthesis, sensation.] i. Extreme degree of (numbness, tingling, and other abnormal sensa-
hyperesthesia, i. '[G. akron, extremity.] Hy- tions) of one or more of the extremities. 2.

peresthesia of one or more of the extremities. [G. akros, extreme.] An extreme degree of
acrogenous (&-kroj'en-us) [G. akros, at the sum.mit, paresthesia.
-f gennad, I produce.] In botany, increasing by ac"ropathol'ogy [G. akron, extremity.] Pathology
apical growth. of the extremities a study of the morbid changes
;

acrolein (a-kro^e-in) [L. acer{acr-), acrid, -I- oleum, in orthopedic affections.

oil.] AUyl aldehyde, a, light volatile oily liquid, acrop'etal [G. akron, the top, -I- L. petere, to seek.]
giving off irritant vapor, derived from glycerin In a direction toward the summit basifugal.
;

by heating alone or heating with acid potassium acropho'bia [G. akron, top, + phobos, fear] A
sulphate or phosphoric anhydride. morbid dread of elevated places.
acroma'nia [G. akros, extreme, + m-ania, frenzy.] acroposthitis (ak"ro-pos-thi'(the')tis) [G. akro-
Excessively violent mania. posthia, prepuce, +
-itis.l Inflammation of the
acromastitis (a"kro-mas-ti'(te')tis) [G. akron, tip, prepuce.
H- mastos, breast, -itis^+ Thelitis, inflamma- acroscleroderma (ak"ro-skle"ro-duT'mah) G. akron,
tion of the nipple. extremity, -I- skleros, hard, -t- derma, skin.]
acromega'lia, acromeg'aly [G. akron, extremity, 4- Induration of the skin of the fingers or toes,
megas(megal-), large.] Marie's disease, a trophic sclerodactyly.
disorder marked by progressive enlargement of acrosome (ak'ro-s5m) [G. akron, tip, + soma, body.]
the head and face, hands and feet, and thorax, The anterior extremity of the head of the sper-
probably due to altered fimction of the hypophy- matozoon, or the body from which this is devel-
sis cerebri. oped.
acromelalgia (ak-ro-mel-al'jJ-ah) [G. akros, terminal, acrosphacelus.(ak"ro-sfas'e-lus) [G. akron, extremity,
+melos, limb, -f- algos, pain.] A vasomotor +sphakelos, gangrene.] Raynaud's* disease.
neurosis marked by redness, pain, and swelling. acroter'ic [G. akroterion, the topmost point.]
of the fingers and toes, headache, and vomiting; Relating to the extreme periphery, such as the
probably the same as erythromelalgia. tips of fingers and toes, the end of the nose, etc.
acrometagenesis (ak-ro-met-ah-jen'e-sis) [G. akron, acrotic (a.-krot'ik) i. [G. akrotes, height.] Relat-
extremity, 4- meta, beyond, + genesis, origin.] ing to the surface of the body, especially the
Abnormal development of the extremities result- cutaneous glands. 2. [G. o- priv. +
krotos, a

ing in deformity. striking.] Marked by great weakness or absence

acro'mial. Relating to the acromion, a. angle, of the pulse.
ACROTISM i6 AUTiVJi

ac'rotism [G. a- priv. + krotos, a striking.] Absence A. bo'vis, Nocardia bovis, the specific cause of
or imperceptibility of the pulse. actinomycosis, or lumpy-jaw, in cattle. A. far-
aciotrophoneurosis (ak"ro-trof"Q-nu-ro'sis) [G. cin'ica, Nocardia farcinica, the specific organism
akron, extremity.] A trophoneurgsis of one or of a cattle disease of Guadaloupe, called farcin
more of the extremities. de boeuf. A. madu'rse, Nocardia madurce, Slrep-
aciyl'ic acid. A volatile acid occurring in Sar- tothrix madurce^ the specific cause of the so-called
racenia purpurea or the American pitcher-plant. white mycetoma,* or Madura foot.
Acts'a. A genus of plants, baneberry, of the order actinomycetic (ak"tm-o-mi-se'tik). Relating to
RanunculacecB, having for the most part prop- actinomyces or the ray-fungus. !

erties similar to those of cimicifuga. A. al'ba, actinomyco'sis [G. aktis{aktin-), ray, + mykes,
white cohosh. A. argu'ta, red cohosh of western fungus.] A disease of cattle and swine, some-
America. A. racemo'sa, Cimicifuga racemosa. times communicated to man, caused by the rayt
A. ru'bra, red cohosh of eastern America. A. fungus, Actinomyces (Nocardia). It affects the
spica'ta, herb Christopher, European baner jaw most commonly, but the fungus may invade
berry. the brain, lungs, or gastroenteric tract. It is
actin'ic [G. aktis{aktin-), a ray.] Relating to the characterized by the formation of granulomata
chemically active rays of the spectrum of sluggish growth, which eventually break down
actinism (ak'tin-izm). The chemical action of and discharge a viscid pus containing minute
rays from a luminous source, residing chiefly yellowish granules; the constitutional symptoms
though not exclusively in and beyond the violet are of a septic character.
end of the visible spectrum. actinomycot'ic. Relating to actinomycosis, or
actinium (ak-tin'K-um) [G. aktis, a ray.] An lumpy-jaw in cattle.
,element, symbol Ac, discovered by Debierne actinomy'cotin. A preparation from actinomyces
in pitchblende; its disintegration product cultures, analogous to tuberculin, employed thera-
(radioactinium) is radioactive, but actinium peutically in actinomycosis.
itself appears to be rayless.. The four known Actinomyxid'ia [G. aktis(akiin^), a ray, + myxa,
actinium emanations are called respectively mucus.] An order of Neosporidia, having a
actinium A, B, C, and D. a. X, the disin- double cellular envelope, three polar capsules,
tegration product of radioactinium. and eight spores.
actinochemistry (ak"tin-o-kem'is-tr!(). Chemical actinoneuritis (ak"tI-no-nu-ri'(re-')tis) [G. aktis
processes promoted by the action of rays from a (aktin-), ray, -t- neuron, nerve, -I- -itis.'\ Neu-
luminous source. i ritis caused by prolonged and repeated exposure
ac'tinoclad'othriz [G. aktis(aktin-), ray, H- klados, to the «-rays or radium.
branch, + thrix, hair.] Actinomyces bovis. actinophore (ak-tin'o-for) [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, +.
actinocutitis (ak"tin-o-ku-ti'(te')tis)[G. alitis{aktin-), pharos, bearer.] Pterygophore.
ray, +
L. cutis, skin, +
G. -itisi] Actinoderma- Actinop'oda [G. aktis, ray, +
pous(pod-), foot.] A
titis. I class of Sarcodina having slender pseudopodia
actinodennatitis (ak"tin-o-der-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. with a central axial filament..
ray,
aktis (aktin-), +
derma, skin, -I- -itis.'\ actinoprax'is [G. aktis(akiin-), ray, +
praxis, a
Inflammation of the skin produced by radio- doing.] The employment of light rays, x-rays, or
action, as of light, radium, or «-rays. radium in diagnosis or treatment.
actin'ogram [G. akiis(akiin-), ray, +
gramma,, a actinos'copy [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, -I- skopeo, I
drawing, picture.] Skiagram; the record made examine.] Examination of the tissues and
on a photographic plate by the a;-rays or rays deep structures of the body by means of the
proceeding from radium or other radioactive «-rays actinostereoscopy, skiascopy, fluoroscopy,
;

bodies. radioscopy, roentgenoscopy.

actin'ograph [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, -I- grapho, I actinosteTeos'copy [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, +
stereos,
write.] Skiagraph, an apparatus for making
1. solid, 4- skopeo, I examine.] Actinoscopy.
actinograms. i. An apparatus for determining ac"tinotherapeu'tic. Relating to actinotherapeutics.
the proper exposure of a photographic plate ac"tin6therapeu'tics [G..aktis(aktin-), ray, -f- thera-
according to the degree of light. peud, I cure.] Actinotherapy.
actinograph'ic. Relating to actinography. ac"tinother'apy [G. aktis (aklin-), ray, -f therapeia,
actinog'raphy. Skiagraphy; the making of actino- a healing.] Radiotherapy, actinotherapeutics;
grams. the treatment of disease by radiant energy, rays
actinolite (ak-tin'o-lit) An apparatus used in the
. from the sun or electric light, those from radium
application of the actinic rays in dermatology. or other radioactive body, or the jc-rays. ;

actinol'ogy [G. aktis (akiin^), ray, + -logia.'] Radi- action (ak'shun) [L. actio, from agere, to do.] i.
ology; the science which treats of radiant energy, The performance of any of the vital functions,
of the chemical and other actions of rays proceed- the manner of such performance, or the result of
ing from luminous bodies, of those from radium the same. 2. The exertion of any force or power,
and other radioactive substances, and of «-rays, physical, chemical, or mental, a. patt'ern, see
and of the sources of these rays. pattern, chem'ical a., see reaction, re'flex a.,
actinom'etcr [G. aktis(aktin-), ray, + metron, see reflex.
measure.] An instrument for determining the activate (ak'tl-v5t). i. To render active. 2. To
intensity and, penetrating power of Roentgen make radioactive; specifically, to charge water
and other rays. with radium emanation.
actinotnycelial (ak"tI-no-mi-se'lI-al). Relating to activator (ak'ti-va-tor). i. A
substance, the pres-
the mycelium of the ray-fungus, or actinomyces. ence of which renders another substance, such as.
Actinomy'ces [G. akiisiaktin-), ray, + mykes, fun- an enzytne, active. 2. Cohnheim's term for the
gus.] Ray-fungus, so called because it occurs in internal secretion of the pancreas. 3. An ap^
the form of an aggregation of radiating club- paratus for impregnating water with radium
shaped rods; it constitutes a group of the higher emanation.
bacteria. The genus Nocardia* now includes ac'tive. Efficient, producing effect, especially a
this and a number of other microorganisms. prompt effect; not passive; bustling, busy.
 ; ;

ACTOL, AKTOL 17 ADAMS SPRINGS

ac'tol, ak'tol.A trade name for silver lactate,, a . to make the entire mixture equal the amount
white powder soluble in 15 parts of water and
stated.
cont2uning about 50 per cent, of metallic silver;
employed in solutions of i-iooo to 1-200 as an
ad- [L. ad, to.] A
prefix dehotmg increase, ad-
herence, or motion toward, and sometimes with
irrigating fluid and as an application to fistulas, an intensive meaning.
ulcers, etc.; its chemical formula is CjHtOjAg +
HjO.
-ad [L. ad, to.] A
sufiix in anatomical nomenclature
- having the significance of the English -ward
actual (ak'chu-al) [L. actus, performance.] Real, denoting toward or in the direction of the part
existent, active, not potential, a. cau'teiy, a
noted by the main portion of the word.
cautery, such as the hot iron, which acts through
adactylia, adactylism* (S-dak-til'I-ah, i-dak'til-izm)
virtue of its heat and not chemically.
[G. a- priv. + daktylos, digit.] Absence of fingers
acufilopressure (ak-u-fi'lo-presh-ur) [L. (icus, needle
or toes.
+ filum, thread, +
pressura, pressure.] Acu
adac'tylous. Without fingers or toes.
pressiu-e fortified by a ligature passed under the
needle, increasing the, compression, of the artery.
adac'tylus [G. a- priv. + daktylos, finger.] A
monster without fingers or toes.
acu'ity [L. acuere, to sharpen.] Sharpness, clear- adac'tyly [G. a- priv. + daktylos, digit.] Adactylia,
ness, distinctness.
congenital absence of fingers or toes.
acu'minate [L. acuminaius, sharpened.] Pointed,
ad'alln. Trade name of bromdiethylacetylcarba-
tapering to a point, conical.
mide, a fine white powder of slightly bitter taste,
acupressure (ak'u-presh-ur) [L. acus, needle, +
employed as a sedative and hypnotic in doses of
pressura, pressure.] A procedure for occluding
gr. 87-15 (o-S-i-°)-
a wounded artery; a needle is passed in and out of
adamantine (ad-S-man'tin) [G. aaamantmos, very
the tissues on either side of the artery, so that its •

"
hard.] Exceedingly hard; specifically relating
free central portion presses the vessel against the
to the enamel of the teeth.
underlying tissues,, thereby occluding it..
adamantinocarcinoma (ad-S-man"ti-no-kar-si-
acupuncture (ak'u-punk-chur) [L. acus, needle, +
no'mah). An adamantinoma which has as-
punctura, puncture.] Pimcture made with long
sumed a malignant character.
fine needles for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
ad"amantino'nia. A tumor of the lower (sometimes
stylostixis.
upper) jaw developing from the remains of the
a'cus [L. needle.] A
needle. enamel organs.
acute (i-kut') [L. acutus, sharp.] i. Sharp 2. adatnan^toblast [G. adamas {adamant-), adamant,
Clever. 3. Of short and sharp course, not diamond, -I- blastos, germ, sprout.] Ameloblast;
chronic; said of a disease.
one of a layer of cells lining the cup of the enamel
acutenacultun (ak"u-ten-ak'u-lum) [L. acus, needle,
organ, from which the enamel of the tooth is
+ tenaculum, holder.] Needle-holder. formed.
acutorsion (ak-u-tor'shun) [L. acus, needle, +
adamantoblastoma (ad-^-man-to-blas-to'mah)
torsio, twisting.} Arrest of hemorrhage from a Overgrowth of the adamantoblast.
wounded artery by the passage of a needle through adamanto'ma. Adamantinoma. '

the vessel near the open end, including some of the Adamkiewicz's albu'min reac'tion (ah-dahm'kya-
tissues, and then making a half or a complete
vits) [Albert Adamkiewice, Viennese pathologist,
turn with the needle, twisting the tissues and the
*i8so.] Various protein solutions are stained
artery, occluding the latter.
violet by a mixture of .concentrated sulphuric
acyanoblepsia, acyanoblepsy (S-si"an-o-blep'sI-ah, acid, I, and glacial acetic acid, 2; and, when
a.-si"an-o-blep's)[) [G. a- priv. + kyanos, some-
diluted, show an absorption band between green
thing blue, + bUpsis, sight.] Blue-blindness, and blue iii the spectrum. A.'s dem'ilunes,
inability to distinguish the color blue. crescent-shaped cells beneath the neurilemma
acy"anop'sia [G. o- priv. + kyanos, something blue, of meduUated nerve fibers.
-I- opsis, sight.] Blue-blindness, acyanoblepsia. Ad'am's ap'ple. Prominentia laryngea.
acyclic (4-si'klik). Not cyclic, noting especially an Adams County Mineral Springs, Ohio. Saline-caleic-
a. com'pound, open-chain* compound. chalybeate waters. Two springs. Gastric, he-
acyesis (S-si-e'sis) [G. a- priv. + kyesis, pregnancy.

—-«^
patic, and intestinal disorders.
I. The non-pregnant condition. 2. Sterility in
Ad'ams's opera'tion [William Adams, English sur-
the woman. geon, *i82o.] 1. Subcutaneous palmar aponeu-
acys'tia [G. a- priv. + kystis, bladder.] Congenital rotomy for Dupujrtren's disease. A.'s saw, a
absence of the urinary bladder. small, short saw with long handle, used in
acystineuria (S-sis-tin-u'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. kystis, + osteotomy.
bladder, -I- neuron, nerve.] Absence of nervous
control of the bladder.
Acystospo'rea [G. a- priv. -I- kystis, bladder, +
sporos, seed.] Asuborder of Hemosporidia in
which schizogony occurs in the blood-cells of the
vertebrate host, the sexual cycle being completed
in the body cavity or digestive tract of a blood-
Adams's Saw.
sucking insect or arachnid.
Acys"tosporid'ia [G. a- priv. -t- kystis, bladder,
+ sporos, seed.] A
group of intracellular pro- Ad'ams's opera'tion [Sir William Adams, English
tozoan parasites found chiefly in the red blood- surgeon, 1760-1829.] Excision of a wedge from
cells; the group includes the malarial organisms
the margin of the eyelid in order to shorten it
and other similar parasites which have a sporog- in cases of ectropion.
enous life cycle in the body of an invertebrate Ad'ams Springs, California. Alkaline-calcic-car-
host.
bonated waters; cooU Used by drinking and
ad. A Latin preposition denoting to; it, is used bathing in rheumatism, chronic Bright's d.sease,
portal congestion, chronic dyspepsia, chrbnic
in prescription writing to indicate that a suf-
uterine inflammation
ficient quantity of the ingredient i.s to. be taken
ADAMS'S SOLUTION i8 ADENOCHIROPSALOGY

Ad'ams's solu'tion. Ammoniated alcohol, lOo, addu'cens oc'uU [L. adducere, to bring to.] Mus-
ether. (65°), no. culus rectus medialis [BNA].
Ad'ams-Stokes disease'. See Siokes-Adams disease. addu'cent. Bringing to, adducting; noting certain
Adanso'nia [Michel Adanson, French naturalist, adductor muscles, as the adducens oculi.
1727-1806.] A genus of trees of the natural adduct' [L. adducere, to bring toward.] To draw
order MalvacecB. A. digita'ta, calabash-tree toward the median line.
baobab, a tree of Senegal the leaves of which adduc'tion. i. Movement of a limb toward the
central axis of the body, or beyond it. 2. A
have been used as a febrifuge.
adapta'tion [L. adapiare, to adjiist.] 1. The acqiiir position resulting from such movement, a. of

ing of modifications fitting a plant or animal to life the foot, rotation of the foot inward around the
in a new environment or under new conditions. axis of the leg, or around its own axis.
2. An advantageous change in function or con- adduc'tor. Amuscle drawing a part toward the
stitution of an organ or tissue to meet new con- median line.
ditions. Adelheidsquelle, Bavaria (ah'del-hids-kvel"eh). Sa-
adap'ter. Adevice whereby one part of an appa- line waters, tonic; cold. Used in rheumatism,
ratus is fitted or joined to another part. gout, cutaneous affections, surgical tuberculosis,
ad'de [L.] Add; a word used in prescription writing. and diseases of women. May to September.
addiction (4-dik'shun) [L. addicere, to consent.] adelomorphous (ad"el-o-mor'fus) [G. adelos, uncer-
Habituation to some practice; specifically the tain, not clear, -I- morphe, shape.] Of not clearly
enslavement to a drug-habit. defined form, noting the principal cells in the
ad'diment [L. additamentum, an increase.] Com- pepsin glands of the stomach.
plement. adelphotaxis (5-del'fo-tak"sis) [G. adelphos, brother,
Add'ison's ane'mia [Thomas Addison, English phy- -f taxis, arrangement.] A
grouping together of
sician, 1793-1860.] Idiopathic pernicious ane- cells or organisms in mutual relationship.
mia. A.'s disease', a disease marked by " anemia, adenalgia (ad-en-al'ji-ah) [G. aden, gland, algos, +
general languor and debility, remarkable feeble- pain.] Pain in a gland, adenodynia.
ness of the heart's action, irritability of the adenase (ad'e-naz) [G. aden, gland, -ose.] + A
stomach, and a peculiar change in the color deamidizing enzyme in the liver, pancreas, and
of the skin, occurring in connection with a spleen which converts adenin into hypoxanthin.
diseased condition of the suprarenal cap- ad"enasthe'nia [G. aden, gland, -f- astheneia, weak-
sules." A-'s kelis or keloid, morphea. A.'s ness.] Abnormally diminished functional activ-
pill, Guy's pill. ity of a gland.
Add'ison's planes [Christopher Addison,
clin'ical adendrit'ic [G. a- priv.] Without dendrites, noting
English anatomist, *i869.] A series of planes certain nerve cells in the spinal ganglia.
used as landmarks in thoracoabdominal topog- adenec'tomy [G. aden, gland, +
ektome, excision.]
raphy; the trunk is divided vertically by a median Excision of a gland.
line, from the upper border of the manubrium ad"enecto'pia [G. aden, gland, -t- ek, out of, -1- iopos,
stemi to the symphysis pubis, by a lateral line place.] The presence of a gland elsewhere than
drawn vertically on either side through a point in its normal place.
half way between the anterior superior iliac spine ad"enemphTax'is [G. aden, gland, + emphraxis, stop-
and the median line, in a line drawn transversely page.] Obstruction to the discharge of a glandu-
across between the two anterior iliac spines, and lar secretion.
by a spinous line passing vertically through the ade'nia [G. aden, gland.]Generalized hypertrophy of
anterior superior iliac spine on either side; the lymphatic glands without hyperleucocytosis.
transversely the trunk is divided by a trans- ad'eniform [G. aden, gland, -t- L. forma, shape]
thoracic line, passing across the thorax 3.2 cm. Of glandular appearance, adenoid.
above the lower border of the corpus stemi, a adenine (ad' en-en) [G. aden, gland.] Aniinopurin;
transpyloric line, corresponding to the disc a crystalline alkaloid or leucomaine of the uric
between the ist and 2d lumbar vertebras and acid group, CsHjNj, present in the pancreas,
cutting the junction of the 8th and 9th costal spleen, kidneys, and other glands; it is found in
cartilages at the tip of the 9th, and a transtubercu- the urine in leucocythemia.
lar line, passing on an average 5 cm. above the adenitis (ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. aden, gland, + -itis.]
anterior superior iliac spine and 3.5 cm. below Inflammation of a gland.
the highest part of the crista iliaca and cutting adeniza'tion. Conversion into gland-like structure.
usually the 5th lumbar vertebra; the planes adeno- [G. aden, gland.] A prefix denoting rela-
formed on these lines, and also on transverse lines tion to a gland.
cutting the upper edge of the manubrium and the ad'enoblast [G. aden, gland, -t- blasios, germ.]
upper edge of the symphysis pubis, constitute the Anembryonic cell destined to enter into the for-
clinical planes of Addison. mation of a gland.
Add'ison Mineral Springs, Maine. Light alkaline- adenocarcino'ma. An adenoma exhibiting the
chalybeate waters; very cold. Used in certain characters of malignancy, such as infiltration of
renal diseases and acid dyspepsia. the surrounding tissues, recurrence after removal,
Add'ison Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Muriated- and metastases.
saline-calcic-sulphureted waters, 57° P.; two adenocele (ad'e-no-sel) [G. aden, gland, + ke'e,
springs. Used in disorders of the alimentary tumor.] A tumor, especially a cystic tumor,
tract and liver, and chronic constipation. springing from a gland, and presenting more or
Addisonism (ad'1-sun-izm). A symptom-complex less glandular structure.
resembling in many respects that of Addison's adenocellulitis (ad"fe no-sel-u-li'(le')tis). Inflam-
disease, but not due to disease of the suprarenal mation of a gland and of the adjacent cellular
glands. tissue.
addi'tlon-com'pound, addi'tion-prod'uct. In chemis- adenochiropsalogy (ad-e-no-ki-rop-sal'o-jl) [G. aden,
try, the direct union of two or more elements or gland, + cheir, hand, -t- psallo, I touch, -I- -logiaj]
compounds without substitution or loss of any The former doctrine of the value of the royal
of the atoms. touch"** for the cure of scrofiila.
 .

ADENOCHONDROMA 19 ADHESION

adenochondroma (ad"e-no-kon-(iro'mah). A tumor adeno'matous. Relating to adenoma.

with the characteristics of both adenoma and adenomycosis (§,"de-no-mi-ko'sis) (G. aden, gland,
chondroma. + mykes, fungus, + -osis.\ A name applied to
adenochondrosarcoma (ad"e-no-kon"dro-sar-ko'ma) Hodgkin's disease on the theory that it is of
A mixed tumor with elements of adenoma, mycotic nature.
chondroma, and sarcoma. adenomyoma, pi. adenomyo'mata, adenomyo'mas
adenocyst (ad'e-no-sist). A cystic tumor develop- (ad"e-no-mi-o'mah) [G. aden, gland, 4- mys,
ing from a gland; adenocystoma. muscle, -oma.]
-I- A
timior composed of smooth
ad''enocysto'nia. A cystic adenoma. muscle tissue containing gland tubules.
adenodynia (ad"e-no-din1-ah) [G. aden, gland, + ad"enomyzo'ina. A
mixed tumor with character-
odyne, pain.] Adenalgia, pain in a gland. istics ofadenoma and myxoma.
ad"enofibro'ma. A
fibrous glandular tumor, a ad"enomyx"osarco'ma. A mixed tumor with char-
ttimor with the characteristics of adenoma and acteristics of adenoma, myxoma, and sarcoma.
fibroma. adenon'cus [G. aden, gland, + onkos, tumor.] A
ad"enograph'ic. Relating to adenography. gland tumor; glandular enlargement.
adenography (ad"e-nog'ra-fI) [G. aden, gland, + adenop'athy [G. aden, gland, -1- pathos, suffering]
grapho, I write, draw. ] i . Anatomy in special Glandular disease; specifically swelling of and
relation to the glands. 2. A
treatise on the glands. morbid changes in the lymph nodes.
adenohypeisthenia (ad"e-no-hi"pers-the'nI-ah) [G. adenopbaryngitis (ad"e-no-far-in-ji'(je')tis). Pharyn-
aden, gland, +
hyper, in excess, +
sthenos, goamygdalitis inflammation of the tonsils and
;

strength.] Excessive functional activity of a of the pharyngeal mucous membrane.

gland or set of glands. ad"enophleg'mon [G. aden, gland, -I- phlegmone,
adenoid (ad'e-noyd) [G. aden, gland, +
eidos, ap- inflammation.] Acute inflammation of a gland
pearance.] I. Gland-like, adeniform, lymphoid; and the adjacent connective tissue.
noting a form of connective tissue found in the ad"enophthal'mia [G. aden, gland, -1- ophthalmos,
lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, solitary and aggre- eye.] Inflammation of the Meibomian glands.
gated nodules of the intestine, red bone-marrow, ad"enosarco'ma. A mixed tumor with the elements
and elsewhere; it consists of a connective- tissue of both adenoma and sarcoma.
framework, or reticulum, containing masses of adenosclerosis (ad"e-no-skle-ro'sis) [G. aden, gland,
round cells (lymphocytes) in its interstices. 2. + sclerosis, hardening.] Induration of a gland or
In the plural, hypertrophy of the lymphoid glands.
nodules in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx, adenose (ad'e-n5z). Relating to a gland.
the pharyngeal or Luschka's tonsil, a. disease', adeno'sis [G. aden, gland.] A
more or less general-
(i) an overgrowth of adenoid tissue in the rhino- ized glandular disease, especially one involving
pharynx; (2) Hodgkin's* disease. the lymphatic glands.
ad"enoidec'tomy [adenoids + G. ektome, excision.] ad'enotome [G. aden, gland, + tome, a cutting
An operation for the removal of adenoid growths down.] An instrument for the removal of
in the rhinopharynx. adenoids in the rhinopharjTix.
adenoiditis (ad"e-noy-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of adenot'omy. Adenography, glandular anatomy.
i.

adenoid growths in the rhinopharynx. 2. The cutting or removalof a gland or glands.

ad'enoids. See adenoid (2). ad"enoty'phoid fe'ver. Malta* fever.
adenoliomyofibroma(ad"e-no-li"o-mi"o-fi-bro'mah). ad"enoty'phus. Abdominal typhus, typhoid* fever.
A liomyofibroma containing glandular elements. ad'enous. Adenose, relating to a gland.
ad"enolipo'ma. A mixed tumor with character- adenyl'ic acid [G. aden, gland, hyle, stuff.] An+
istics of adenoma and lipoma. acid obtained from the thymus gland.
adenol'ogy [G. aden, gland, -t- -logia.J The science adephagia (ad-e-fa'ji-ah) [G. adephagia, gluttony.]
which treats of the glands, their development, Bulimia.
structure, functions, and diseases. ad'eps, gen. ad'ipis [L.] (U.S.). Lard, aximgia
adenolymphitis (ad-e-no-lim-fi'(fe')tis). Lymph- porcis purified leaf lard (omental fat of the hog,
;

adenitis. Sus scrofa), used in the preparation of ointments

adenolymphocele (ad"e-no-lim'fo-sel) [G. aden, a. benzoa'tus (Br.), a. benzoina'tus (U.S.),
gland, -I- L. lympha, a clear fluid, lymph, -I- G. kele, benzoinated lard, contains i per cent, of benzoin;
tumor.] Cystic dilatation of a lymph node follow- used as a base for ointments a. la'nze, wool-fat,
ing obstruction of the efferent lymphatic vessels. the purified fat from sheep's wool. a. Wnse
ad"enolynipho'ma. Lymphadenoma. hydro'sus (U.S. and Br.), hydrous or hydrated
adeno'ma, pi. adeno'mata, adeno^-mas [G. aden, gland, wool-fat, lanolin, a. lanae mixed with 30 per cent,
-I- -oma.] A neoplasm formed of glandular water; used as a basis for ointments, especially
epithelium of the same arrangement as that when penetration of the skin is desired.
of the gland from which the growth arises, a. ader'mia [G. o- priv. -1- derma, skin.] Absence of
adamanti'num, a term incorrectly used as a syn- skin.
onym of adamantinoma, a. fibro'sum, fibroid a., ader"mogen'eBis [G. a- priv. + derma, skin, -|-
fibroadenoma, a. seba'ceum, a small tumor of genesis, production.] Failure or imperfection in
translucent appearance, usually multiple and the growth of skin, especially the imperfect
occurring on the face, originating in the sebaceous repair of a cutaneous defect.
glands, a. sudorip'arum, spiradenoma. malig'- adhat'oda [Tamil or Singalese.] (B.A.) The leaves
nanta., adenocarcinoma. of Adhatoda vasica; expectorant, antispasmodic,
adenomalacia (ad"«-no-mal-a'sI-ah) [G. aden, gland, and abortif acient used in the form of liquid ex-
;

H- malakia, softness.] A condition of glandular tract, juice, or tincture.

softening. adhere (ad-her*) [L. ad, to, + hmrere, to stick.] To
adenomatome (i-de-no'mah-tom) [adenoma + remain in contact; to unite.
tome, incision.] An instrument for removing adhesion (ad-he'zhun) [L. ad, to, -I- harere, to stick.]
I. The process of adhering or iiniting of two sur-
adenoids.
adenomato'sis. A condition marked by the forma- faces or parts, especially the union of the opposing
surfaces of a wound, a. In dentistry, the mode
tion of multiple glandular overgrowths.
ADHESION ADMINICULUM

inwhich an upper denture is held in place adiposis (ad-i-po'sis)

[L. adeps(adip-), fat, -f-
without vacuum-chambers. 3. In the plural, G. -osis.] An
excessive accumulation, either
bands of more or less organized fibrinous exudate local or general, of fat in the body. a. doloro'sa,

thrown out on the surface of a serous membrane Dercum's disease, an affection characterized
and connecting the opposing surfaces, pri'maiy by a deposit of symmetrical nodular or pendulous
a., healing by first intention.* sec'ondary a., masses of fat in various regions of the body,
healing by second intention.* attended with more or less pain. a. or'chica,
adhe'siye. Sticky; causing adhesion, a. inflam- dystrophia adiposogenitalis. a. tubero'sa sim'-
ma'tion, inflammation of a serous membrane with jlex, Anders' disease, an affection resembling
exudation of fibrinous material causing the for- a. dolorosa, in which the fat occurs in small;
mation of adhesions. more or less circumscribed masses on the ab-
adhe'sol. A solution of alphanaphthol, balsam of domen or confined to the extremities; these
tolu, benzoin, copal, and oil of thyme in ether; masses are sensitive to the touch and may be
applied to the skin, the ether evaporates and spontaneously painful.
leaves a, thin protective film, like that of collo- adipositas (ad-1-pos'I-tas). Adiposis, adiposity.
dion. a. ex vac'uo, fatty atrophy.*
adiadochocinesia (ad-e-ad"o-ko-sin-e'si-ah) [G. adia- adipositis (ad-i-po-si'(se')tis) [L. adiposa, adipose
dochos, perpetual, -1- kinesis, movement.] i. In- tissue, -f- G. Inflammatory infiltration in
-itis.]

cessant movement of a limb or of the entire body. and beneath the subcutaneous adipose tissue.
2. [G. a- priv. + diadochos, successive.] Loss of adipos'ity. Adiposis.
the power for rapid alternating movements. adipo"sogen'>tal syn'drome. Hypophysis* syndrome.
adiadochocinesis (ad-e-ad"o-ko-sin-e'sis). Adia- adiposu'ria (L. adeps{adip-), fat, G. ouron, +
dochocinesia. urine.] Lipuria.
adiadochokinesia(ad-e-ad"o-ko-kin-e'si-ah) . Adia- adip'sia, ad'ipsy [G. a- priv. +
dipsa, thirst.]
dochocinesia. Absence of thirst.
adiaphore'sis [G. a- priv. +
diaphoresis, perspira- Adiron'dack Min'eral Springs, New York- Saline-
tion.] Absence or deficiency of perspiration. chalybeate waters; one spring; used in rheuma-
adiapneustia (ad-i ap-nu'stl-ah) [G. a- priv. -1- tism, cutaneous affections, anemia, and general
diapneusis, an exhaling.] Adiaphoresis. debility.
adiathennancy (S'di-a-thur'man-sl) [G. a- priv. -1- ad'itus [L. way.] In anatomy, a structure serving as
dia, through, + iherme, heat.] Impermeability a means of approach or entrance to a part. a. ad
to heat. an'trum, approach to the antrum, recessus
adiathetic (ad"i-5-thet'ik) [G. o- priv. +
diathesis.] epitympanicus. u. ad an'trum tympan'icum,
Noting a S3rmptom or disease which bears no recessus epitympanicus. a. ad aquseduc'tum
relation to an existing diathesis. cer'ebri, entrance to the aqueduct of. the cere-
adiemorrhysis (ad'i-em-or'i-sis) [G. o- priv. + dia, brum (of Sylvius), in the posterior part of the
through, + kaitna, blood, + rhysis, a flowing.] floor of the third ventricle, a. ad infundib'uluin,
Arrest of the capillary circulation. recessus infundibuli. a. glot'tidis infe'rior, the
Adin'ida [G o- priv. + dine, a whirling.] An order part of the larynx immediately below the
of Dinoflagellala, in which the flagella are free glottis, a. glot'tidis supe'rior, the lower portion
and do not lie in furrows. of the ventricle of the larynx, a. larjrn'gis, the
adlp'ic [L. adepsiadif-), fat.] Fatty, relating to fat. superior aperture of the larynx, bounded later-
a. acid, an acid, C,H,|,0„ occurring in the form ally by the aryepiglottic folds, a. or'bitse,
of masses of soft crystals, obtained by the action orbital opening.
of nitric acid on fats. adjusfment. i. The arrangement for bringing
adipocele (ad'I-po-sel) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, -I- G. into focus the object under a microscope; the
kele, tumor.] The presence of fatty tissue with- coarse a. is effected usually by a rack-and-pinion
out intestine in a hernial sac. arrangement, the fine a. by a screw. 2. A chiro-
adipoceU'ular. Relating to^ both fatty and cellular practic term for the reduction of subluxated verte-
tissues, or to connective tissue with much fat. bras in order to relieve pressure on one or more
adipocere (ad'I-po-ser) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, -I- of the spinal nerves.
cera, wax.] A fatty substance of waxy con- ad'juvant [L. adjuvare, to help.] That which aids
sistency into which dead animal tissues (as those of or assists another, noting a remedy which is
a corpse) are sometimes converted when kept from added to a prescription to assist or increase the
the air under certain favoring conditions of action of the main ingredient; synergist.
temperature; it is believed to be produced by Ad'ler's test. For blood; add the washings of the
the conversion into fat of the proteins of the suspected spot to a, mixture of equal parts of
tissues. three per cent, hydrogen dioxide and a saturated
ad"ipofibro'ma. A mixed tumor with the char- solution of benzidin in alcohol; if blood is present
acteristics of both adipoma and fibroma. the mixture takes on a blue or green color.
adipogenous (ad-e-poj'en-us) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, ad lib. [Abbreviation for L. ad libitum, at pleasure.]
+ G. gennad, 1 produce.] Producing or causing As much as desired; used in directions for taking
the fonnation of fat. a remedy when the dose and time of taking are
adipolysis (ad-I-pol'i-sis) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, -|- indefinite and unessential.
lysis, setting free.] The destruction of fat by admax'illary [L. ad, to, 4-
maxilla, jaw.] Con-
hydrolysis. nected with the jaw. a. gland, an occasional
adipolyt'ic. Relating to adipolysis. accessory salivary gland, near the angle of the
adipo'ma[L. adeps(adip-),ia.t, +
G. -omo.] Lipoma. jaw, discharging through the parotid duct.
adipose (ad'I-poz) [L. adeps(adip-), fat.] Fatty, adminic'ulum [L. prop, stay.] i. That which gives
relating to fat. a. cap'sule, the fat surrounding support to a part. 2. Adjuvant, a. Iki'ec^
the kidney, a. foss'se, accumulations of fat on al'bse, a triangular fibrous expansion, sometimes
the outer surface of the mamma, a. tiss'ue, fatty containing a few muscular fibers, passing from the
tissue, connective tissue containing fat cells. superior pubic ligament to the posterior surface
a. tu'mor, lipoma. of the linea alba.
 ADNATA AEDES
adna'ta [L. adnatus, from adnasci, to grow to.] adrenaline (ad-ren'al-en). A collective term for the
.

Tunica* adnata. various adrenal extracts; epinephrine.

adneph'rin [L. ad, to, + G. ' nephros, kidney.] adrenalitis, adrenitis (ad-re"nal-i'(e')tis; ad-re-ni'-
, Trade name of a preparation made from the (ne')tis). Inflammation of the suprarenal glands.
• adrenal gland, possessing vasoconstrictor and adrenotrope (ad-ren'o-trop). One who has the
hemostatic properties. adrenal type of endocrine constitution.
adnerval (ad-nur'val) [L. ad, to, + nervus, nerve.] adrenotropic (ad-ren-o-trop'ik). Relating in any
1. l.yia.gnea.T a nerve. In the direction of a
2. way to adrenotropism.
nerve, said of an electric current passing through adrenotropism (ad-ren-ot'ro-pizm) [adrenal, body
muscular tissue toward the point of entrance of + G. trope, a turning.] A type of endocrine
the nerve, constitution in which the adrenals exercise a
adneural (ad-nu'ral) [L. ad, to, + G. neuron, nerve.] dominating influence.
Adnerval. adrenoxidase (ad-ren-oks'i-daz). A term proposed
adnex'a. Annexa. by Sajous to denote the oxygenized adrenal secre-
adnez'al. Annexal. tion assumed to be present in the blood-plasma
adnexitis (ad-neks-i'(e')tis). Annexitis. and to act throughout the body as a catalytic
adnex'opexy. Annexopexy. ferment
adolescence (ad-o-les'ens) [L. adolescentia.] Youth; ad'rin. Epinephrin hydrate, derived from the
the period of later growth, between puberty and suprarenal glands employed locally as an astrin-
;

adult life. gent and hemostatic.

adoles'cent [L. adolescere, to grow up.] i. Youth- ad'rue. Antiemetic root, cyperus; the root of
ful, growing up, between puberty and the attain- Cyperus articulatus, a West Indian plant; the
ment of fxil\ growth. 2. A youth, a. yoimg man fluidextract is employed in doses of .iTRio— 20
or woman not yet full grown. (o 6-1 3) as an anthelmintic and antiemetic.
. .

ad'onin, adon'idin. A yellowish white powder adsorp'tion [L. ad, to, + sorbere, to suck up.] The
of bitter taste, soluble in water; it is a mixture adhesion of a gas to the surface of a solid adhesion
;

.' of several glucosides and other substanpes, of a liquid or gaseous substance to the more solid
constituting the active principles of adonis dose, ; particles in a solution, the action by which a col-
gr. tVt (o- 006-0. 015). loid particle attracts other substances.
Ado'nis. A
genus of plants of the natural adster'nal. Near or upon the sternum
order Ranunculacece. A. eestiva'lis, an annual ADTe. AnDTe.
' species with orange flowers. A. an'nua, red adterminal (ad-tur'mit-nal). In a direction toward
chamomile, red morocco, an annual species with the nerve endings, muscular insertions, or the
red flowers. A. verna'Us, a perennial species extremity of any structure.
with bright yellow flowers, the one from which adul'terate [L adulterare, to falsify.] To deteriorate
the drug adonis is chiefly obtained. by adding material of inferior quality, or indiffer-
ado'nis [G. Adonis, a mythological character, the ent material which increases the biilk without
handsome favorite of Aphrodite.] (N.F.) The altering, otherwise than weakening, the act-'on.
herb Adonis vernalis, bird's eye, pheasant's eye; adultera'tion. The addition to any substance of
employed as a cardiac tonic in place of digitalis, the same or different material of poorer quality.
doses of 5i (16.0) of an infusion, ^1-2
in advance' [Fr. avancer, to set forward.] To move
(4.0-8.0) in 56(i8o.o). The fluidextract is forward, referring specifically to an operation
contained in the N.F. on the tendinous insertion of a muscle which
adoral (ad-o'ral) [L. ad, to, + os (or-), mouth.] has become elongated and unable to perform its
Near or directed toward the mouth. function properly; the tendon is severed from its
adre'nal [L. ad, to, + ren, kidney.] i. Near or attachment (to the globe of the eye for example)
upon the kidney, noting the a. body or gland. and sutured at a point farther forward.
2. A crystalline basic substance, CuHkNOj, advance'ment. The moving forward of the ten-
derived from the suprarenal glands; vasocon- dinous insertion of an elongated muscle; see
: strictor and hemostatic in doses of njis-io (0.3- tendon* advancement.
U.6) of a i-iooo solution, acces'soiy a., one of adventitia (ad-ven-tish'yah) [L. adventitius, coming
a number of small independent collections of from abroad.] The outermost covering of any
tissue, resembling the cortical adrenal tissue, organ or structure which is properly derived from
found in the various abdominal organs, a. without and does not form an integral part of
' bod'y, cap'sule, or gland, glandula suprarenalis. such organ or structure. Specifically, the outer
a. ex'tract, a preparation made from the a. gland, coat of an artery, the tunica adventitia. xnem-
which possesses marked vasoconstrictor and bra'na a., tu'nica a., see the nouns.
hemostatic properties; it is prepared and sold adventitious (ad-ven-tish'us). i. Coming from
• under various proprietary or trade names, such without, extrinsic. 2. Accidental. 3. Relating
• as adnephrin, adrenalin, supranepkrin, supra- to the adventitia of an artery or an organ.
renaden, suprarenalin, suprarenin, etc.; see also adynam'ia [G. a- priv. + dynamis power.] "Weak-
' glandulez suprarenales siccce. ness, vital debility, asthenia.
adrenalectomy (ad-re-nal-ek'to-mi) [G. ektome, adynam'ic. Relating to adynamia; feeble, weak,
'
excision. ] Removal of an adrenal body. asthenic.
adrenalin (ad-ren'al-in). Trade name of a principle ae-. For words so beginning not found here, see
. obtained from the suprarenal glands, possessing under e-.
[. marked vasoconstrictor, and consequently astrin- Aeby's plane (a'be) [Christoph Theodor Aeby,
gent and hemostatic properties, a., chlo'ride, Swiss anatomist, 1835-1855.] In craniometry,
the salt of a. used locally in hay fever, inflamma- a plane perpendicular to the median plane of the
tions of the various accessible mucous membranes,
'
cranium, cutting the nasion and the basion.
. hemorrhage, etc., and internally in doses of 155- Aedes (ah-e'dez) [G. aides, unpleasant, unfriendly.]
. 20 (0.3-1.3) of a I— 1000 solution as a vasocon- A genus of mosquitos of small size found in
l
. strictor, to raise the blood pressure in shock, and tropical and subtropical regions. A. cal'^pus, the
.' as a cardiac stimulant. >
yellow-fever mosquito, formerly called Stegorriyia
 —
AEDES AEROTONOMETER

calopus or 5. fasciata. A. fus'cus, a species aerogen'esis. The production of gas.

found in certain parts of North America. aerogenic (a-er-o-gen'ik). Gas-forming.
mice's.. Edea. aerogenous (a-er-oj'en-us). Gas-forming.
tedoBol'ogy. Edeology. aerohydropathy (a-er-o-hi-drop'ath-I) [G. aer, air,
Ee'gilops. Egilops. + hydor, water, -1- pathos, suffering.] Aerohydro-
aegoph'ony. Egophony. therapy.
squator (e-kwa'tor) [L.] Equator, ee. bul'bi aerohydrotherapy (a-er-o-hi-dro-ther'ah-pi) [G. aer,
oc'uli of the eyeball, an imagi-
[BNA], equator air, -I- hydor, water, -I- therapeia, healing.] Treat-
nary line encircling the globe of the eye equidis- ment of disease by means of the application, at
tant from the two poles, ae. len'tis [BNA], different temperatures and in. different ways, of
equator of the crystalline lens, the periphery of both air and water.
the lens lying between the two layers of the aerometer (a-er-om'e-ter) [G. aSr, air, -t- metron,
zonula ciliaris. measure.] An apparatus for determining the
aer (ah'air) [G. aer, air.] Atmos. density of, or for weighing, air.
aerated (a'er-a-ted) [G. aer, air.] Charged with air, aeromicrobe (a-er-o-mi'krob) [G. aer, air, -I- mikros,
carbon dioxide, or other gas. small, -I- bios, mode of life.] Aerobion.
aeration (a-er-a'shun). i. Airing, j. Saturating aeropathy (a-e-rop'S-thi) [G. aer, air, + pathos, suf-
a fluid with air, carbon dioxide, or other gas. 3. fering.] Any morbid state induced by a pro-
The change of venous into arterial blood in the nounced change in the atmospheric pressure, such
lungs. as mountain sickness, caisson disease, etc.
aerendocardia (a-er-en-do-kar'dl-ah). The presence aeroperitoneum (a-er-o-per-i-to-ne'um) [G. aer, air.]
of undissolved air in the blood within the Distention of the peritoneal cavity with gas.
heart. aeroperito'nia. Aeroperitoneum.
aerenterectasia (a-er-en-ter-ek-ta'zl-ah) [G. aer, air, aerophagia (a-er-o-fa'ji-ah). Aerophagy.
+ enteron, intestine, +
ekiasis, a stretching out.] aerophagy (a-er-of'a-j!) [G. aer, air, + phago, I
Meteorism, tympanites, distention of the intestine eat.] Swallowing of air.
with gas. aerpphil (a'er-o-fil) [G. aer, air, +
philos, fond.] i.
aerial (a-e're-al). Relating to the air. Air-loving. 2. Aerobic.

aeriferous (a-er-if'er-us) [L. aer, air, + ferre, to bear.] aerophobia (a-er-o-fo'be-ah) [G. aSr, air, -I- phobos,
Conducting air. fear.] Abnormal and extreme dread of fresh
aeriform (a-erl-form) [L. aer, air, + forma, shape.] air or of air in motion.
Resembling air, gaseous. aerophore (a'er-o-for) [G. aer, air, + phoros, bear-
aerobian (a-er-o'bi-an). Noting an aerobion, living ing.] 1. Air-conducting. 2. A portable appara-

only in the presence of oxygen aerobic, aerobiotic. tus for purifying air so that it can be breathed
aerobic (a-er-o'bik). Living in air; aerobian, over again. 3. An apparatus for forcing air into
aerobiotic. the lungs in the treatment of asphyxia.
aerobion, pi. aerobia (a-er-o'be-on) [G. aer, air, 4- aerophyte (a'er-o-fit) [G. aer, air, -I- phyton, plant.]
bios, manner A
bacterium or other
of living.] An air-plant, orchid.
organism which can live and grow only in air. aeroplethysmograph (a"er-o-plS-thiz'mo-graf) [G.
fac'ultative a., one which normally thrives in the aer, air,pleihysmos, enlargement, -f- grapho, I
-t-

absence of oxygen, but which may acquire the register.] An apparatus for determining the
faculty of living in the presence of oxygen, ob'- volume of inspired air.
ligate a., one which cannot live without air. aeropleura (a^er-o-plu'ra). The presence of air
aerobioscope (a-er-o-bi'o-skop) [G. aer, air, + bios, in the pleural cavity; pneumothorax.
life, +
shaped, I view.] An apparatus for deter- aeroporotomy (a"er-o-po-rot'o-in!) [G. aer, air, -I-
mining the bacterial content of the air. poros, passage, +
tome, a cutting.] opera- An
aerobiosis (a-er-o-bi-o'sis) [G. aer, air, -1- biosis, tion for the admission of air in stenosis of the
mode of living.] Existence in an atmosphere larynx; tracheotomy, laryngotomy.
containing oxygen. a'eroscope. Aerobioscope.
aerobiotic (a-er-o-bi-ot'ik) Relating to aerobiosis,
. aerostatics (a"er-o-stat'iks) [G. aer, air, states, +
living in an oxygen-containing atmosphere; aer- standing.] The branch of science which treats
obic, aerobian. of the volume, pressure, etc., of air and other
aerocele (a'er-o-sel) [G. aer, air, -I- kele. tumor.]
Distention of a small natural cavity with gas. aerotaxis (a"er-o-tak'sis) [G. aer, air, + taxis,
aerocolpos (a-er-o-kol'pos) [G. aer, air, -I- kolpos, arrangement.] The movement of living organ-
gulf (vagina).] Distention of the vagina with air. isms to or away from the air, noting especially
aerocoly (a-e-rok'o-li) [G. aer, air, -I- colon.] Dis- the attraction or repulsion by oxygen of aerobic
tention of the colon with gas. and anaerobic organisms.
aerocystoscope (a-er-o-sis'to-skop) [G. aer, air, -I- aerotherapeutics, aerotherapy (a"er-o-ther-ah-pu'-
kystis, bladder, -I- skopeo, I view.] An instru- tiks, a"er-o-ther'ah-pI) [G. aer, air, -I- therapeuti-
ment for viewing the interior of the bladder kos, treating therapeia, medical treatment.]
distended with air. I Treatment of disease by fresh air. i. Treat-
aerocystoscopy (a-er-o-sis-tos'ko-pl). Inspection of ment of disease by air of different degrees of
the interior of the bladder, distended with air, pressure or rarity, or medicated in various
by means of a cystoscope. ways.
aerodennectasla (a-er-o-der-mek-ta'zK-ah) [G. aer, aerothermotherapy (a"er-o-ther"mo-ther'a-pI) [G.
air, + derma, skin, + ekiasis, a stretching out.] aer, air, thermos, hot,
4- +
therapeia, healing.]
Subcutaneous emphysema. Treatment of disease by hot air.
aerodynamics (a-er-o-di-nam'iks) [G. aer, air, + aerothorax (a"er-o-tho'raks). Pneumothorax.
dynamis, force.] The study of air and other aerotonom'eter [G. aer, air, -I- tonos, tension, +
gases in motion the forces that set them in motion, metron, measure.] 1. An instrument for esti-
and the results of such motion. mating the tension or pressure of a gas.
aerogen (a'er-o-jen) [G. aer, air, +gennad, I produce.] 3. An instrument for measuring the tension of
A gas-forming microorganism. oxygen and other gases in the blood or other fluids.
AEROTROPISM 23 AFTER-IMAGE

aerotropism (a-e-rot'ro-pizm) [G. aer, air, + tropos, sethylmorphinse hydrochloTidum (eth'il-mor-fe'na

direction, turn.] The tendency of microorgan- he-dro-klo'ri-dum) . (U.S.) Ethylmorphine hy-
isms in culture media to group themselves about drochloride or chloride, dionine; a yellowish
a bubble o£ air. white, bitterish powder, soluble in 8 parts of
aerotympanal (a"er-o-tim'pa-nal). Relating to air water, prepared by the action of ethyl iodide
in the tympanum, noting especially the operation on morphine, with the addition of hydrochloric
of politzerization or other means of forcing air acid; antispasmodic and analgesic, employed in
through the Eustachian tube. spasmodic respiratory diseases, insomnia, and
aerourethroscope (a'er-o-u-re'thro-skop) [G. aer, neuralgia in doses of gr. i-| (0.015-0.03), and
air, -I- ourethra, urethra, +
skoped, I view.] locally as an irritant lymphagogue in painful
An instrument for inspection of the urethra after ocular diseases (iritis, corneal ulcer, etc.) in S
distending it with air. per cent, solution.
aerozol (a'er-o-zol). A
solution of ozone in oil. aethyl'ium. ^thyl.
aerteriversion (ah-er"ter-i-vur'shun). Arteriver- Aetna Springs, California. Alkaline, saline, car-
sion. bonated waters, 98° P. and 106° F. Tonic,
seru'go [L.] Verdigris. slightly aperient. The cooler water is used for
Aesculap, Hungary (a'skoo-lahp). Saline waters. drinking, the warmer for bathing, in rheumatism,
Used in hepatic and intestinal disorders, and neuralgia, dyspepsia, torpidity of bowels, anemia
constipation. and wasting aifections, hepatic and uterine
jEscula'pian [L. jEsculapius, G. Asklepios, the god of disorders.
- medicine.] Esculapian. i. Relating to ^scuIei- afeb'rile [G. a- priv. H- L. febris, fever.] Non-
pius. 2. Medical. 3. A
medical practitioner. febrile, apyretic.
ses'culin. A
bitter principle obtained from the afetal (3.-fe'tal). Without relation to a. fetus or
bark' of the horse chestnut; occurs in needle- intrauterine life.
shaped crystals, giving a blue fluorescence when affect (af'ekt) [L. affectus, disposition or state of
dissolved in water. mind.] Feeling (2); psychic trauma; the sum
.ffisculus (es'ku-lus) [L. the winter oak.] genus A of an emotion, a.-mem'ory, the memory of a
of trees to which belongs the horsechestnut or psychic trauma, the emotional element recurring
buckeye, ^. hippocastanum, whenever the original experience is recalled, a.
sesthe'sia, sesthesiom'eter, sesthesioneuro'sis, etc. spasms, spasmodic attacks of laughing, weeping;
I
See esthesia, etc. and screaming, accompanied by marked tachy-
s'ther [G. aither, ether.] (U.S. and Br.). Ether, pnea, occurring in hysteria.
a liquid containing 96 per cent, by weight of afiection (S-fek'shun) [L. afficere, to act upon.]
absolute ether (Br., 92 per cent, by volume of I. Feeling, love. 2. An abnormal condition of
ethyl oxide). Employed by inhalation to pro- body or mind, disease.
duce general anesthesia; internally as a stimulant affec'tive. Pertaining to the mental state or feel-
and carminative in doses of TtRio-60 (0.6-4.0). ing.
See also ether, ee. ace'ticus (N.F. and Br.), ace- Afienspalte (ah'fen-spahl"teh) [Ger.] Ape-fissure.
tic ether, containing ethyl acetate 90, alcohol 10; afferent [L. ad, to, + ferre, to bear.] Bringing to
stimulant and antispasmodic, dose nES-30 or into, noting certain veins, lymphatics, and
(0.3-2.0). ae. purifica'tus (Br.), purified ether; nerves, a. ar'teries, branches of the interlobular
the B.P. directs that it should assume no blue arteries of the kidneys which pass to the Mal-
color when mixed with half its volume of potas- pighian bodies, forming the glomeruli, a.
sium bichromate acidulated with sulphuric acid, im'pulse, a nervous impulse passing from the
showing absence of hydrogen peroxide nor should ; periphery to the center, a. lymphat'ics, the
it be colored by potassiiun hydroxide, showing lymphatic vessels which enter the glands, a.
absence of aldehyde; on evaporation it should nerves, nerves conveying impulses from the
leave no residue or abnormal odor. periphery to the center, the sensory nerves.
jB'thiops [G. Aithiops, an Ethiopian.] A chemical a. veins, veins conveying blood to the heart
or pharmaceutical term formerly applied to direct.
several blackish mineral preparations, ae. creta'- afferentia (S-fer-en'shl-ah) [L.] Vasa afferentia,
ceus [chalky ethiops], hydrargyrum cum creta. afferent vessels specifically the afferent* arteries
;

ae. martia'Us, black oxide of iron. s. mineralis, of the kidneys.

black sulphide of mercury, ee. vegetatilis, char- affin'ity [L. afp-nis, neighboring.] Attraction; in
coal made from bladder-wrack, Fucus vesiculosus. chemistry the force which impels certain atoms
aeth'yl, gen. ath'ylis [G. aither, ether, + hyle, to unite with certain others to form compounds.
matter.] Ethyl, the hypothetical radical, CjHj, elec'tive a., in homeopathy, the specific localiza-
of alcohol and ether, seth'ylis bro'midum, ethyl tion of the action of a drug.
bromide, hydrobromic ether; a colorless volatile af'flux, affluz'ion [L. ad, to,-f- fiuere, to flow.] A
liquid, used by inhalation as a general anesthetic flowing toward, specifically a flowing of blood
and in spray as a local anesthetic, asth'ylis toward any part congestion.
;

car'bomas (U.S.), ethyl carbamate, an ester of affusion (S-fu'zhun) [L. ad, to, -I- fundere, to pour.]
carbamic acid, urethane, white colorless laminar The pouring of water upon the body or any of
crystals, obtained by the action of ethyl alcohol its parts for therapeutic purposes.

on urea; employed as an hypnotic in dose of af'rodyn. Trade name of a proprietary remedy

gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). aeth'ylis chlo'ridum (U.S.), said to possess aphrodisiac properties.
ethyl chloride, hydrochloric ether, chloryl af'ter-birth. The placenta and membranes which
anesthetic, kelene a very volatile liquid made by
; are extruded after the birth of the child.
the action of hydrochloric acid on ethyl alcohol; af'ter-brain. Myelenoephalon,* metencephalon.
used as a, local and general anesthetic, seth'ylis af'ter-cat'aract. Secondary cataract* (2).
iod'idum, ethyl iodide, hydriodic ether, a volatile after-damp. Carbon dioxide formed by the
colorless liquid ; employed by inhalation — iffiio-i 5 explosion of a mixture of flre-damp, or methane,
(0.6-1.0), in edema of the glottis, spasmodic and air in a mine.
asthma, and nervous dyspnea. af'ter-im'age. The image of an object of which the
 .

AFTER-IMAGE 24 AGAVE

subjective sensation persists after the object has bile-salt a., made by the addition of li to 2 per
disappeared or the eyes are closed; spectrum (2). cent, of agar to MacConkey's bile-salt bouillon.
The after-image is called positive when its colors man'nite a., nutrient a. containing i or 2 per
are the same as in the original, negative when the cent, mannite. Matzuschi'ta's liv'er-gall a.,
complementary colors are perceived. made by cooking together 500 gin. chopped
after -pains. Painful cramp-like contractions of the ox^iver, 30 gm. peameal, and 1000 c.c. water,
uterus occurring after childbirth. then straining and adding ox-gall and agar.
af' ter-sensa'tion. A sensation persisting after its Ho'vy and McNeal's blood a., a nutrient agar con-
original cause has ceased to act. taining 2 volumes of defibrinated rabbit's blood,
af' ter-sound. The subjective sensation of a sound suitable for the cultivation of a number of
after the cause of the sound has ceased to. act. trypanosomes. nu'trient a., bouillon to which 2
af' ter-taste. A taste persisting after contact of the per cent, agar has been added. Pfeiff'er's blood
tongue with the sapid substance has ceased, a., solid a. smeared on the surface with a few
af'ter-vis'ion. The subjective perception of an drops of human blood. Roth'berger's neu'tral-
after-image. red a., a 0.3 per cent, glucose a. to which 1 per
agalactia (S-gal-ak'tJ-ah) [G. a- priv. -1- gala(galakt^), cent, of a saturated aqueous neutral-red solution
milk.] Absence of milk in the breasts after child- has been added, se'rum a., prepared by adding
birth. sterile serum to melted agar. Stod'dart's gelatin
agalac'tous. Relating to agalactia, or to the a., contains 5 per cent', gelatin, i per cent,
diminution or absence of breast-milk. peptone, and i per cent, each agar and sodium
agal-agal (ah'gal-ah'gal). Agar-agar. chloride. Xbal'mann's a., a form of nutrient
agalorrhea, agalorrhcea (S-gal-S-re'ah) [G. a-priv. agar, well adapted, it is claimed, to the cultivation
-I- gala, milk, -f- rhoia, a flow.] Arrest of the of the gonococcus. u'rine a., made by dissolving
secretion or flow of milk. 2 per cent, of agar in fresh urine. Was'sennann's
agamete (ag'am-et) [G. a- priv. -I- gametes, husband se'rum-nu'trose a., hog serum, glycerin, water, and
or wife.] A protozoan organism producing nutrose are boiled together for twenty minutes
spores asexually.
•
and the mixture is then added to equal parts of a
agamic (S-gam'ik). Agamous. 2 per cent, peptone agar. Weil's meat-pota'to a.,
agamogen'esis [G. agamos, unmarried, + genesis, a mixture of potato juice and bouillon containing
production.] Reproduction without union of the
,

} per cent, of agar.

male -and female elements; non-sexual repro- agaric (ag-S,r'ik) [G. agarikon, a kind of fungus.]
duction. Boletus, the dried plant Polyporus oficinalis.
Agamomer'mis cu'licis. A hair-worm parasitic in It has been employed in the treatment of the
the mosquito. night sweats of phthisis in dose of gr. 5 (0.3).
ag'amont[G. a- priv. 4- ganws, marriage, +
dn{ont-), a. acid, agaricic acid, agaricin.* fe'male a.,
being.] A non-sexual spore-like body forming Polyporus officinalis, fly a., Agaricus muscarius,
one of the stages in the life-cycle of certain a mushroom with red pileus and white gills,
parasitic protozoans. the juice of which has narcotic properties.
agamous (ag'S-mus) [G. agamos, unmarried.] pur'ging a.., Polyporus officinalis, sur'geons'
Noting non-sexual reproduction, as by fission, a., dried agaric used locally as a hemostatic.
budding, etc. white a., Polyporus officinalis.
agar (ah'(a')gar) [Bengalese.] (U.S.) A gelatin- agaricin, agaricinum (S-gar'St-sin, a.-gS,r-!-se'num)
ous substance prepared from seaweed in Japan Agaric acid, a white powder obtained from the
'
and India, used in the East to thicken soup; white agaric, Polyporus officinalis, employed
largely used as a base for culture media in bac- in the night sweats of phthisis in dose of gr.
teriology; when unqualified, it is usually, and 1-2 (0.06-0.12).
properly, called agar-agar, beer-wort a., beer- Agar'icus [see agaric.] A genus of mushrooms,
wort made from crushed malt, to which is added many of which are edible. A. campes'tris, the
2 per cent. agar, blood a., a mixture of blood common edible field mushroom. A. musca'rius,
and a., used for the cultivation of trypanosomes. fly agaric, poison mushroom a tincture from the
;

chol'era a., an alkaline agar medium for cultures fresh fungus is employed in homeopathy in the
of the cholera vibrio; it is made by dissolv- irregular heart action of coffee- and tea-drinkers
ing by heat agar, 30, in nutrient bouillon, 1000; and tobacco-smokers, in doses of the third to
and ac^ding a 10 per cent, solution of potassium the thirtieth decimal potency.
hydrate, 30. Drigal'ski-Conra'di a., a nutrient agar'icus (N.P.) . Agaric, white or larch agaric, the
a. containing horse-meat infusion, Witte's pep- dried fruit body of Polyporus officinalis, occur-
tone, nutrose, sodium chloride, lactose, litmus, ring in the form of brownish or whitish light
and crystal violet, used in the differentiation of masses; employed for the relief of colliquative
the typhoid bacillus. En'do's fuch'sin a., nutri- sweating in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0).
ent a. containing lactose, alcoholic solution of agas'tric [G. a priv. -1- gaster, belly.] Without
fuchsin, sodium sulphite, and soda solution, used stomach or digestive tract.
as a culture medium to differentiate the typhoid agastroneuria (4-gas-tro-nu'rI-ah) [G. a- priv. -I-
bacillus from the colon bacillus and others of gaster, belly, -I- neuron, nerve.] Lowered nervous
that group, gel'atin a., made by dissolving pep- control of the stomach.
tone, gelatin, glucose or mannite, sodium chlo- ag'athin [G. agathos, good.] Salicylalphamethyl-
ride, and potassium chloride in water and adding phenylhydrazone; occurs in the form of yellowish
•
agar, glu'cose a., nutrient a., containing 2 per insoluble crystals; used in the treatment of
cent, glucose, glyc'erln a., nutrient a. contain- neuralgia and rheumatism in doses of gr. 2-5
ing 5 per cent.'glycerin. Guarnie'ri's gel'atin a., (0.12-0.3).
similar to Stoddart's gelatin a., used for the cul- Agave (a-gah've) [G. fem. of agauos, noble.] A
tivation of the pnSumococcus. lac'tose-lit'mus genus of plants of the natural order Amaryllida-
a., made by adding 2 per cent, lactose and litmus cete, found largely in Mexico; it includes the cen-
to acid-free nutrient agar, used in the diflerentia- tury plant, A. americana, from which pulque
tion of the typhoid bacillus. MacConk'ey'a is made.
AGAZOTTT MIXTURE 2S AGONY
AgazotU mixture (ah-gaht-sawt'te). A mixture agglu'togen. Agglutinogen.
of 87 parts of oxygen and 13 parts of carbon agglutom'eter. An apparatus used to simplify the
dioxide, proposed by Agazotti an Italian aero- agglutination or Widal* test.
naut, for the relief of balloon sickness. ag'gregate [L. aggregare, to assemble; from ad, to,
AgCjHjO, + HjO. Silver lactate, actol.* + gregus, a flock.] 1. To unite or come together
AgsCgHgO,. Silver citrate, itrol. in a mass or cluster. 2. The total of independent
Agchylostoma (ag-kl-los'to-mah). The spelling units making up a mass or cluster.
adopted by Dubini, and followed by some ag'gregated. Collected together to form a total.
helminthologists; the Committee on Nomencla- aggres'sin [L. aggressor, an assailant.] A substance,
ture of the International Congress of Zoologists assumed to be an endotoxin liberated in conse-
in 1913 authorized the spelling Ancylosloma quence of bacteriolysis, which represses the
(q.v.). activity of the phagocytes, and so weakens the
AgCI. Silver chloride. resisting power of the organism to infection.
AgCN. Silver cyanide, argenti* cyanidum (U.S.P). Agl. Silver iodide.
agenesia, agenesis (Sr-jen-e'sl-ah, &-jen'e-sis) [G. aglaucopsia (4-glaw-kop'sl-ali) [G. a- priv. +
a- priv. + genesis, production.] Absent or glaukos, bluish-green, -1- opsis, vision.] Green-
imperfect development of any part. blindness, inability to distinguish the color
agenitalism (&- jen'i-tal-izm) The complex of
. green.
symptoms due to absence of the ovaries or aglobu'lia [G. a- priv. -I- L. globulus, globule.]
testicles, as in castrated persons. Marked diminution of the red blood-cells,
agenne'sia [G. a- priv. -I- gennesis, producing.] oligocythemia.
Agennesis, sterility. aglos'sia [G. a- priv. -I- glossa, tongue.] Absence of
agennet'ic. Ste'rile. the tongue.
a'gent [L. agere, to perform.] Anything which aglossos'toma [G. d- priv. + glossa, tongue, +
produces an effect upon the organism; espe- stoma, mouth.] A monster without a tongue,
cially a remedy of any sort, whether medicinal but with a (generally closed) mouth.
or not. agmatol'ogy [G. _agma(agmat-), a fragment. -I-
ageusia (S-ju'se-ah) [G a- priv. + geusis, taste.] -logia.] The branch of surgery concerned espe-
Loss of the sense of taste. cially with fractures.
ageustia (S-jus'tl-ah) [G. fasting.] Ageusia. ag'men,' pi. agmina [L. a multitude.] A collection,
agger (aj'ur) [L. mound.] An eminence or pro- an aggregation. a. peyerian'um, Peyer's
jection, a. na'si [BNA], ridge of the nose, patches, noduli lymphatici aggregati.
crista* ethmoidalis. a. perpendicula'ris, emi- ag'minate, ag'minated [L. agmen, a. niiultitude.]
nentia fossas triangularis, a. val'vae ve'nse, a Aggregate, agglomerate, collected together into
slight prominence on the wall of a vein corre- clusters or masses, a. glands, Peyer's* patches
sponding to the location of a valve. in the intestines, as distinguished from the solitary
agglom'erate, agglom'erated [L. agglomerare, to glands.
wind into a ball ; from ad, to, -f- glomus, a ball.] ag'nail. i. Hangnail. 2. Whitlow.

Crowded together into a noncoherent mass. agna'thia [G. a- priv. -t- gnathos, jaw.] Absence of
agglomera'tion. A
crowded mass of independent, the lower jaw, usually with approximation of the
but similar units, a cluster. ears, or otocfephaly.
agglu'tinant [L. ad, to, +
glutinare, to paste.] 1. agnathous (ag'na-thus). Without lower jaw.
Uniting or causing to adhere. 2. Any substance ag'nathy. Agnathia.
which causes adhesion between two surfaces. ag'nin, ag'nolin [L. agnus, lamb, + oleum, oil.] A
agglutina'tion. i. Loss of motility and aggregation prepared wool-fat similar to lanolin.
in small masses of the microorganisms in a AgNO,. Silver nitrate, lunar caustic.
culture, when a specific immune serum is added. agno'sia [G. ignorance; from o- priv. + gnosis,
2. Adhesion of the surfaces of a wound, group knowledge.] Absence of the ability to recognize
a., the agglutination in minor degree, of several the form and nature of persons and things, or of
varieties of bacteria by a serum specific for another the perceptive faculty, au'ditory a., mind deaf-
bacterial form, imme'diate a., healing by first ness.* op'tic a., mind blindness.* tac'tile «,,
intention, me'diate a., healing by second inten- inability to recognize objects by the touch.
tion, a. test, Widal* test. ag'nus cas'tus [L. chaste lamb.] Chaste-tree,
agglutinative (a-glu'tin-a-tiv). Causing, or able Abraham's balm, monk's pepper-tree, the fruit
to cause, agglutination. of Viiex agnus-castus, employed as an antispas-
agglu'tinin. An antibody which causes clumping modic and aphrodisiac; a tincture from the fresh
or agglutination of the bacteria or other cells berries is used in homeopathic practice for
which have acted as antigen. impotence following gonorrhea, in doses of the
agglutin'ogen. Any substance which, when in- *third to sixth decimal potency.
jected into an animal, causes the formation of a AgjO. Silver oxide, argenti* oxidum (U.S. and Br.).
specific agglutinin. agomphi'asis [G. a- priv. + gomphios, a molar
agglu'tinoid [G. eidos, resemblance.] An agglutinin tooth.] Looseness of the teeth.
which has agglutinophore group while
lost its agomphious (S-gom'fl-us). Without teeth, tooth-

retaining its haptophore group; such substances less,

can combine with bacteria or blood cells, but do ag'onal. Relating to the agony, or moment of
not produce clumping. death.
agglutinophore (S-glu'tin-o-for) fG. phoro, I bear,] agoni'adin. A
glucoside, Ci„H,40„ obtained from
Noting the molecular group in the agglutinin the bark of Plumeria lancifolia and other species
which is the active agent in effecting agglutina- of P.; employed as a febrifuge in malaria in doses
tion. I
of gr. 2-4 (0.12-0.25).
agglutinoscope (S,-glu'tin-o-skop) [agglutination + ag'onist [G. agon, a contest.] Noting a muscle in
G. skopeo, I view.] A magnifying glass used to a state of contraction, with reference to its ,

observe the phenomenon of agglutination in the opposing muscle, or antagonist.

test-tube. ag'ony [G. agon, a struggle, trial.] 1. Intense pain
AGONY 26 AIR

or anguish of body or mind. 2. The act of djdng. Used for bathing, or may be taken internally in
a. clot, a. throm'bus, a. heart clot formed during small doses, in rheumatism, hepatic, renal, and
the act of dying after prolonged heart failure. gastric disorders, paralysis, and cutaneous affec-

agopyrine (S.-go-pi'ren). Trade name of a mixture tions. October to February.

recommended in influenza, said to contain sali- A'guas Calien'tes, California. [Sp. hot waters.]
pyrine and ammonium chloride. Alkaline-saline-sulphureted waters, 58° F. to
agorapho'bia [G. agora, market-place, + phobos, 142° F. Used by drinking and bathing in rheu-
fear.] Dread of being in or crossing open spaces. matism, tuberculous affections, syphilis, skin
AgsPO,. Silver phosphate. diseases, renal and hepatic congestion.
agraffe (S-graf) [Fr. agrafe, a hook, clasp.] An ague (a'gu) [Fr. aigu, acute.] i. Malarial fever
appliance for clamping together the edges of a. marked by chill, fever, and sweating. 2. A
wound, used in lieu of sutures. chill, brow a., intermittent supraorbital neu-
agrammatica (S-gram-afK-kah). Agrammatism. ralgia, cat'enafing a., malaria complicating some
agramm'atism [G. agrammatos, unlearned.] Loss, other disease, dumb a., subacute malaria with
through cerebral disease, of the power to construct irregular attacks of fever without chill, face a.,
a grammatical or intelligible sentence; words are facial neuralgia.
uttered, but not in proper sequence. a'gue-cake. The enlarged spleen of chronic malaria.
agranulocyte (i-gran'u-lo-slt) . A non-granular a'gue-drop. Fowler's solution.
leucocyte. a'gue-root. Aletris.
agranuloplastic (a-gTan"u-lo-plas'tik) [G. a- priv. ag'urin. A white soluble powder, a mixture of
+ L. granulum, granule, +
G. plastikos, forma- sodium acetate and theobromine-sodium; diuretic
tive.] I. Capable of forming non-granular cells. in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0).
2. Incapable of forming granular cells. Ah. Abbreviation for hypermetropic astigmatism.
agraphia [G. a- priv. -t- grapho, I write.] Loss of Ahlfeld's sign (ahl'felt) [J. F. Ahlfeld, German ob-
the power of writing, due either to muscular inco- stetrician, *i843.] Irregular circumscribed con-
ordination (motor a.) or to an inability to phrase tractions of the uterus occurring after the third
thought {cerebral or mental a.). Acoustic u. is month of pregnancy.
acquired inability to write from dictation, optic ahypnia, ahypnosis (ah-hip'ni-ah, ah-hip-no'sis) [G.
u., to copy. In amnemonic a. letters and words a- priv. + hypnos, sleep.] Insomnia.
can be written, but not connected sentences; in aichmophobia (ak-mo-pho'bi-ah) [G. aichme, a
verbal a. single letters can be written, but not point, + phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of being
words; in absolute, atactic, or Kteral a. not even touched by the finger or any slender pointed
imcoxmected letters can be ritten. Musical a. object.
is the loss of power to write musical notation. aidoiitis (i-doy-i'(e')tis). Edeitis, vulvitis.*
agraph'ic. Relating to or marked by agraphia. ail (al) [A.S. eglan, pain, distress.] To suffer, be
ag'ria [G. agrios, wild.] i. Herpes. 2. Any severe indisposed, ill. 2. To trouble or distress with
pttstular eruption. some pain or illness. 3. An illness or indispo-
ag'rimony. The dried plant of Agrimonia eupa- sition.
toria, a perennial herb of Europe and America; Ailan'thus, Ailan'tus [of Eastern derivation.] Tree
astringent and tonic in doses of 5i— ' (2.0-4.0); of heaven; a genus of trees of the natural order
a fluidextract is used in corresponding doses. SimarubacecB. The bark and leaves of A.
ag"riothy'iina [G. agrios, wild, +
thymes, wrath.] glandulosa possess anthelmintic and purgative
Wild, ferocious mania- properties; dose of the fluidextract njio— 30
agrius (ag'ri-us) [G. agrios, wild.] Angry-looking, (0.6—2.0), of the tincture njiio— 60 (0.6-4.0).
severe, noting especially certain dermatoses. ailment (al'ment). An indisposition; slight and
agroma'nia [G. agros, field, -I- mania, frenzy.] usually chronic illness, min'or a., a mild dis-
Intense and morbid desire to be in the open order or symptom, such as a headache, "cold,"
country, or to live in solitude. indigestion, etc.
agrop'yrum. (B.A.) Triticum (U.S.). ailourophobia, ailurophobia (a-loo-ro-fo'bl-ah) [G.
Agrostemma githago (ag-ro-stem'ah gith-a'go) [G. ailouros, a cat, + phobos, fear.] An abnormal
agros, field, + stemma, wreath; L. gith, Roman aversion to or fear of cats.
coriander.] Lychnis githago, corn-cockle, the ainhum (in'yoom) [from an African (Nagos) word
seeds of which are said to cause githagism. meaning to saw.] Spontaneous amputation of
agryp'nia [G. agrypnos, sleepless.] Insomnia. a toe by a constricting fibrous ring; it affects
agiypnot'lc. Sleepless; marked by, or suffering chiefly male negroes in the tropics.
from, insomnia. aiodine (a-i'o-din) [G. a- priv. + iodine.] Trade
Ag^S. Silver sulphide, found in nature in associa- name of a preparation of -the thyroid gland,
tion with lead sulphide, forming argentiferous containing a very small percentage of iodine;
galena. used for the same purposes as other thyroid
AgSOj. Silver sulphate. extracts.
Agua Azufrosa del Tope Chlco, Mexico (ah'gwah air [G. aer; L. aer.] The atmosphere, a simple
ah-soo-fro'sah del to'po che'ko) [Sp. sulphurous non-chemical mixture of oxygen, i volume, and
water of the little mole.] Alkaline-saline-sul- nitrogen, 4 volumes, vrith varying proportions of
phurous waters, 41° C. Used by drinking and carbon dioxide, vapor of water, argon, ammonia,
bathing in rheumatism, dysmenorrhea, nocturnal nitric acid, and organic matter, complemen'tal
enuresis, phosphaturia, neuropathies, hepatic a., the excess of air which may be drawn into the
and splenic congestion, and skin diseases. lungs by forced inspiration, dephlogis'ticated a.,
Agua de Vida Springs, California (ah'gwah da ve'dah) air deprived of "phlogiston," or oxygen, fixed a.,
[Sp. water of life.] Alkaline-carbonated; alkaline- carbon dioxide, llq'uid a., air which, by means
saline-sulphureted waters, 57.5° F. Recom- of intense cold and pressure, has been liquefied.
mended in certain forms of dyspepsia, renal con- reserve' a., a. which usually remains in the Ivmgs
gestion, and cystitis. after an ordinary expiration, but which can be
Agua Hedlonda, Mexico (ah'gwah a-de-on'dah). expelled with effort, resid'ual a., that which
Saline-sulphureted-carbonated waters, 78° F. fills the pulmonary vesicles and cannot be ex-
AIR 27 ALBARGIN, ALBARGOL

pelled by forced expiration, supplemen'tal a., akine'sic. Akinetic.

reserve a. ti'dal a., that which enters and leaves akine'sis. Akinesia.
the liuigs during ordinary respiration, akinet'ic. i Relating to or suffering from akinesia
.

air-cham'ber. Vacutun-chamber. a. Amitotic.

air-em'boUsm. Arrest of circulation in a vessel by Al. Chemical symbol of aluminum.
a bubble of air or gas. ala, gen. and pi. a'/iB (ah'(a')lah) [L. wing.] i.
air-hunger (ar"hung'gur). Dyspnea characterized Any wing-like or expanded structure. 2. Axilla.
by deep labored respirations, such as occurs some- tt. al'ba, white wing, a white area adjacent to the

times in acid intoxication. a. cinerea. a. au'iis, the auricle, or pinna of the

ai'rol. Trade name for bismuth oxy-iodogallate, ear. a. cerebell'i, a. lobuli centralis, a.
a greenish, tasteless, odorless powder, employed cine'rea [BNA], ashen or gray wing, trigonum
as an antiseptic and astringent in dressings, and vagi, a prominence in the fovea inferior of the
also given internally as an astringent in doses of floor of the fourth ventricle, below the trigonum
gr. s-io (0.3-0.6). hypoglossi, subjacent to which is the terminal
Ait'ken's opera'tion [John Aitken, Edinburgh sur- nucleus of the ninth and tenth cranial nerves.
geop, ti79°J Double pelvitomy in case of a. il'ii, ala ossis ilivnn [BNA], the upper flaring
djrstocia from a narrow pelvis. portion of the ilium, a. lin'gulse cerebell'i,
Ait'ken's ton'ic pill [Sir William Aitken, Scotch phy- vincula lingulae cerebelli. a. lob'uli centra'lis
sician, 1825—1892.] Contains the same ingre- [BNA], the lateral wing-like projection of the
dients as the pilula metallorum (N.P.) but in central lobule of the cerebellum, a. mag'na,
smaller dose; reduced iron gr. f (0.045), quinine the great wing of the sphenoid bone. a. na'si,
sulphate gr. i (0.06), strychnine and arsenic the wing of the nostril; the outer more or less
trioxide each gr.-^ip. 0013) same as pilulas ferri,
; flaring wall of each nostril, a. oss'is il'ium
quininse, strychninae et arseni mites (N.P.). [BNA], a. ilii. a. par'va, the lesser wing of the
Aix-la-Chapelle, Prussia (aks'lS-shS-pel'). Aachen. sphenoid bone. a. pon'tls, one of two thin white
Alkaline-saline-sulphurous waters, 107° F. bands crossing the anterior extremity of the
to 120° P. Used by drinking and bathing in pyramid just below the pons. a. sacra'lis, a
rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, syphilis, cutaneous broad flat projection on either side of the articu-
diseases, chronic nervous diseases, and paralysis. lar surface of the base of the sacrum, a.
May 15 to September 15. Winter season, tempora'lis, a. magna, a. vespertilio'nis, bat's
September 30 to March 31. wing, ligamentum latum uteri, a. vo'meris,
Aix-les-Bains, France (aksla-ban'). Sulphurous wing of the vomer; an everted lip on either side
waters, 112° P. to 114° P. Used by drinking, of the upper border of the vomer, between which
bathing, and massage in rheumatism, gout, fits the rostrum of the sphenoid bone.
sjrphilis, uterine disorders, and throat diseases. ala'lia [G. a- priv. + lalia, talking.] Loss of the
April to November. Thermal establishment power of speech through paralysis or defect of
open all the year. the vocal organs.
ajakol (aj'S-kol). Trade name of a disinfectant alal'ic. Relating to or suffering from alalia.
preparation of pyrocatechin ethyl ether. alangine (al'an-jen). An alkaloid obtained from
aj'owan [East Indian.] The fruit of Ptychotis the bark, root, and leaves of Alangium lamarckii,
coptica, or Carum copticutn, a plant of India, a tree of India; it is a bitter tonic, antiperiodic,
Persia, and Egypt; carminative in doses of gr. and, in large doses, emetic and cathartic.
10-30 (0.6—2.0); the source of oleum ajowan al'anin. Aminopropiohic acid; alpha-alanin has
(B.A.). the formula CH3.CH(NH2).COOH; beta-alanin,
akamusiii disease (ak-kah-moo'shl diz-5z') [Jap. CH2(NHj).CH2.COOH. a. mer'cury, hydrargyri
aka, red, +
mushi, bug.] Japanese* river fever. amidopropionas.
kan'thion. Acanthion. al'ant-cam'phor. A white stearoptene obtained
akaral'gia [G. a- priv. -I- kar, head, -I- algos, pain.] from elecampane.
A proprietary remedy for migraine, consisting al'antin. Inulin.
of an effervescent mixture of sodium salicylate, al'antol. Inulol, a yellowish liquid obtained by
sodium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, lithium from the root of Inula helenium, or
distillation
benzoate, and nux vomica, flavored with winter- elecampane; used internally as a substitute for
green. turpentine in doses of 1515 (o.oi).
alar (a'lar) [L. ala, a wing.] i. Relating to a wing,
akar'kjne. Trade name for arsenic albuminate,
applied locally in the treatment of cancer. winged. 2. Axillary, a. ar'tery, a small branch of
akatama (ah-kah-tah'mah) [a native word.] An the axillary supplying the tissues of the axilla, a.
endemic peripheral netu^tis affecting the adult car'tilage, the lower of the cartilages on each side

natives of West Central Africa; the chief symp- of the nose. a. lig'aments, lateral expansions of

toms are numbness, burning, and prickling of the the ligamentum mucosiim of the knee-joint, a.
surface, with erythema and occasionally swelling vein, the vein accompanying the a. artery.
of the skin and excessive sweating; the symptoms alas'trim. A disease prevalent in certain parts of
are aggravated by cold and damp, but relieved by Brazil; it resembles smallpox in many of its
the application of dry heat the cause is unknown.
;
features but there is no secondary rise of tem-
akathis'ia. Acathisia. perature, the pustules are not umbilicated; fatal
akinesia (JUdn-e'sI-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- kinesis, cases are practically imknown, and Jennerian
movement.] ±. Absence or loss of the power vaccination confers but temporary immunity.
of voluntary motion. 2. Immobility. 3. The a'late. Winged.
postsystolic interval of rest of the heart. 4. A al'ba [fem. of L. albus, white.] Substantia alba,
neurosis accompanied with paretic symptoms. the white substance of the brain.
a. al'gera [G. algos, pain], a condition marked by
albargin, albargol (al'bar-jin, al'bar-gol) [L. albus,
severe neuralgic pain of indeterminate origin white, +
argenium, silver.] A
trade name for
excited by any movement, a. amnes'- silver gelatose, a combination of the nitrate salt
which is
tica [G. amnesia, forgetfulness], loss of mus- and gelatose, a decomposition product of gelatin;
cular power from disuse. a brown powder soluble in water and containing
 ;

ALBARGIN, ALBARGOL 28 ALBUMINURIA

about 20 per cent, of silver nitrate employed as an

; soluble in pure water, precipitable from a solution
injection in gonorrhea in solutions of i-iooo. by mineral acids, and coagulable by heat in acid
Albarran's' test [Joaquin Albarran, Parisian urolo- or neutral solution. Varieties of a. are found
gist of Cuban birth, 1860-1912. ) Polyuria* in blood, milk, and muscle, acid a., see under
test. A.'s tu'bules, minute branching tubules acid. a. soap, soap* albumin, al'kali a., see

in the subcervical region of the prostate gland, under alkali. Bence-Jones a., see under
emptying for the most part into the posterior Bence-Jones. derived a., an a. formed from
portion of the urethra. native a. by ths action of weak acids or alkalies;
albe'do [L. whiteness.] The light reflected from albuminate; albumose; metaprotein. egg-a.,
any surface, a. ret'inae, edema of the retina. ovalbumin, albumen.* na'tive a., a protein
Albee's opera'tion (awl'be) [Fred. Houdlett Albee, existing in its natural state in the body; it is
New York surgeon, *i876.] For producing soluble in water and not precipitated by dilute
ankylosis of the hip; the upper surface of the acids; the two principal forms are serum-albumin
head of the femur is sliced off and the correspond- and egg-albumin, se'rum-a., a form of a. pres-
ing point of the edge of the acetabulum is squared, ent in the blood plasma and in serous fluids,
so that the two freshened bony surfaces may rest soap a., see under soap.
in contact. albuminate (al-bu'min-at). Derived albumin, meta-
AlTjert's disease' [E. Albert, Vienna surgeon, 1841- protein, a product of the hydrolysis of albimiin
1900.] Achillodynia. A.'s opera'tion, exsection and globulin.
of the articular ends of the tibia and femur to albu"minatu'ria. The presence of albuminates in
obtain ankylosis of the knee. A.'s su'ture, a the urine when voided.
modified Czemy suture, the first row of stitches albuminif'erous [L. albumen, albumin, -I- ferre, to
passing through the entire thickness of the wall of bear.] Producing albumin.
the gut. albuminim'eter [L. albumen, albumin, + G.
al'bicans, pi. albican'tia. Corpus* albicans. metron, measure.] Albumimeter, an apparatus
lidu'ria [L. albidus, whitish, -f- G. ouron, urine.] for determining the quantity of albumin in the
1. Chyluria. 2. The passing of pale urine of urine or other fluids.
ow, specific gravity. albuminim'etry. The determination of the amount
abaidus (al'H-dus) [L.] Whitish. of albumin present in solution in any fluid.
abbini's nod
ules (ahl-be'ne) [Guiseppe Albini, albuminip'arous [L. albumen, albiunin, + parere,
Alltalian physiologist, *i83o.] Minute nodules on to bring forth.] Albuminiferous.
the margins of the mitral and tricuspid valves of albu'minoid [L. albumen, albumin, + G. eidos,
the heart, sometimes present in the newborn. resemblance.] i. Resembling albumin, Any
-.i.

al'binism. Congenital leucoderma or absence of protein. 3. Scleroprotein, glutinoid, a simple

pigment in the skin and its appendages; it may protein present in homy and cartilaginous tissues
be partial or complete. it is insoluble in neutral solvents keratin, gelatin,
;

albi'no [Pg. from I^. albus, white.] A person with elastin, and collagen are albuminoids.
very little or no pigment in the skin, hair, or iris. albuminolysis (al-bu-min-ol'i-sis) [G. lysis, solu-
albinu'ria. Albiduria. tion.] Proteolysis.
albi'noism. Albinism. albuminom'etry. Albuminimetry.
albocinereous (al-bo-sin-e're-us) [L. albus, white, -I- albu'minone. Albumone.
cinereus, ashen.] Relating to both the white and albuminoptysis (al-bu-min-op'ti-sis) [G. ptysis, a
the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord. -spitting. ] Albuminous expectoration.
albofer'rin [L. albus, white, -f ferrum, iron,] A albuminoreaction (al-bu'mi-no-re-ak'shun). The
light brown tasteless powder, a compound of presence (positive reaction), or absence (negative
iron, 0.68, phosphorus, 0.324, and albumin, reaction) of albumin in the sputum, the positive
90. 14 per cent.; used as a chalybeate. reaction indicating an inflammatory process in
albolene (al'bo-len) [L. albus, white, + oleum, oil.] the lungs.
A white oily substance, resembling soft paraffin, albuminorrhe'a, albuminorrhce'a [L. albumen, albu-
prepared from petroleum; it is used as a base for min, -I- G. rhoia, a flow.] Albuminuria.
ointments, and the fluid form, liquid albolene, as a albuminose (al-bu'ml-noz). i. Albuminous. 2, '

base for remedies applied by spray to the mucous Albumose.

membranes. albumino'sis. A
condition characterized by an
albuginea (al-bu-jin'e-ah) [L.white.] Re-
albus, abnormal increase in the albuminous constituents
sembling boiled white of egg; tunica* albuginea. of the blood plasma.
albugineotomy (al-bu-jin-e-ot'o-ml) [G. tome, cut- albu'minous. Relating in any way to albumin;
ting.] Incision into any tunica albuginea. containing or consisting of albumin.
albugin'eous. i. Resembling boiled white of egg. albu"minuret'ic [L. albumen, albumin, -I- G.
2. Relating to any tunica albuginea. ouretikos, causing a flow of urine.] i. Caus-
albuginitis (al-bu-jin-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of ing albuminuria. 2. Albuminuric.
any tunica albuginea, albuminu'ria [L. albumen, albumin, + G. ouron,
albu'go [L. whiteness.] Leucoma, a white corneal urine.] The presence of albumin in the urme as
opacity. voided, acciden'tal a., temporary a. due to
albulac'tin. Trade name of a soluble lactalbumin, some accidental and not lasting irritation of
in the form of a fine powder containing 5.22 per one or both kidneys, adoles'cent a., functional
cent, of salts and 12.71 per cent, of nitrogen, a. occurring at about the time of puberty; it is
employed in the modification of cow's milk for usually cyclic or orthostatic a. adventi'tious a., a.
infant feeding. due to the presence of blood escaping somewhere
albu'men [L. the white of egg.] i. White of egg, in the urinary tract, of chyle, or of some other
egg-albumin, ovalbumin. 2. Albumin. albuminous fluid, not caused by filtration: of
albumim'etiy. Albuminimetry. albumin from the blood through the kidneys.
albu'min [L. albumen, the coagulated white of egg.] coUiq'uative a., an a. which is excessive in degree.
A simple protein widely distributed throughout cy'clic a., a fimctional a. appearing intermittently
the tissues and fluids of plants and animals; it is in cycles of twelve to thirty-six hours' duration.
 ;

.BUMINURIA 29 ALCOHOL

iietet'ic a., the discharge of albumin in the urine the ischiorectal fossa about an inch and a half
following the ingestion of certain foods, false a., above the lower margin of the tuberosity of the
adventitious a. feb'rile a.., a. occurring during ischium; it contains the internal pudic artery
bhe course of a fever. func'tionEil a., a. occurring and veins and the terminal parts of the pudic
without disease of the kidneys or evident lesions nerve.
elsewhere, hematog'enous a., he'mic a., a. alcogel (al'ko-jel). Same as a hydrogel, with
occurring in anemia, syphilis, various intoxi- alcohol instead of water as the dispersion
cations, and other states marked by profound means.
blood changes, intermitt'ent u., cyclic a. in- al'cohol [Ar al, the, + koh'l, fine antimonial powder,
trin'sic a., true a., a. occurring in disease of the the term being applied first to a fine pbwder, then
kidneys, lordot'ic a., orthostatic a. this term j —
to anything impalpable spirit.] i. One of a
was suggested in the theory that the a. is due to series of organic chemical compounds in which
pressure from lordosis in the lumbar spine. the hydrogen (H) in a hydrocarbon is replaced by
neurot'ic a., a. associated with epilepsy or other hydroxyl (OH); the hydroxide of a hydrocarbon
convulsions, central hemorrhage or other trauma, radical, reacting with acids to form esters, as a ,

and occasionally exophthalmic goiter and various metallic hydroxide reacts to form salts. 2. Any

neuroses, orthostat'ic a., a condition character- beverage containing ethyl alcohol. 3. (U.S.) A
ized by the appearance of albumin in the urine liquid containing 92.3 per cent, by weight (94.9
when the patient is in the erect posture and its per cent, by volume) of absolute ethyl hydroxide
disappearance when he is recumbent, pal'patory the equivalent of the B.P., called spiritus rectifi-
3.., an a., sometimes lasting several hours, pro- catus, contains 85.65 per cent, by weight (90 per
duced in healthy individuals by bimanual palpita- cent, by volume) of absolute ethyl hydroxide.
tion of the kidneys, paroxys'mal a., cydic a. a. absolu'tum (Br.), absolute alcohol, a. dehy-
physiolog'ical a., (i) the presence of slight traces dratum. a. ammonia'tum, ammoniated alcohol,
of nucleoalbumin in normal urine; (2) functional spiritus* ammonlae. a. amyl'icum (Br.) amyl or
a. pos'tural a., orthostatic a. se'rous a., a. due amylic a., (CH3)2.CH.CH20H, prepared by puri-
to the escape of albumin from the blood through fying fusel oil, collecting that part which
the kidneys, true a., (i) intrinsic a. (2) serous a.
; distils between 257° and 289° F. (i25°-i43° C.)
buminu'ric. Relating to or suffering from albu- a. dehydra'tum (U.S.), dehydrated alcohol,
minuria. absolute alcohol, ethyl hydroxide, C2HB.OH,
buminurophobia (al-bu"min-u-ro-fo'bi-ah) [al- containing not more than i per cent, by weight
buminuria + G. phobos, fear.] 1. A morbid of water, a. denatura'tum, denatured alcohol,
fear of acquiring Bright's disease or albuminuria. methylated spirit; ethyl alcohol which has been
:j. An .' exaggerated notion by the medical made undrinkable by the addition of one-ninth
practitioner of the significance of albumin in of its volume of methyl alcohol and a small
the urine. quantity of benzine or the pyridine bases.
'bumoid. A
protein foimd in cartilage; it is a. dilu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute alcohol, con-
insoluble in neutral solutions and nearly so in tains 41. s per cent, by weight (48.6 per cent,
acid and alkaline solutions. by volume) of absolute alcohol or ethyl hy-
bumone (al-bu'mon). A
non-coagulable protein droxide; the B.P. has foiir dilutions, containing
contained in blood serum; by some it is re- respectively 70, 60, 45, and 20 per cent, by
garded as an artifical product formed from the volume of ethyl hydroxide, ammo'niated a.,
globulins when heat is employed to separate spiritus* ammoniEB. am'yl or amyl'ic a.,
the coagulable proteins. a. amylicum. anhy'drous a., absolutely
bu'moscope [L. albumen, albtmiin, + G. shaped, I pure a., containing no water, ben'zyl a.,
view.] A specially mounted graduated glass tube, phenmethylol, phenyl carbinol, a substance
used in determining the presence and the approxi- possessing local anesthetic properties, bu'tyl
mate amount of albumin in the urine or other a., propyl carbinol, primary normal butyl a.,

fluid; the operation consists in bringing the fluid the butyl a. of fermentation, CH3.CH2CH2.-
and nitric acid in contact without mixing them. CH2OH, is a colorless liquid, more poisonous
bumose (al'bu-moz). A derived albumin, formed than ethyl or methyl a.; there are three other
during the digestion of a protein, and converted butyl alcohols: isobutyl a., secondary butyl a.,
on further digestion into peptone; it is very and tertiary butyl a., or isopropyl carbinol,
soluble and is not coagulable by heat. Bence- ethyl-methyl carbinol, and trimethyl carbinol
Jones a., see Bence-Jones* albumin, respectively, dena'tured a., a. denaturatum.
bumosemia (al-bu-mo-se'mi-ah) [albumose + diatom'ic or dihy'dric a., one containing two
G. haima, blood.] The presence of albumose atom groups (OH), or having a bivalent radical.
in the blood. eth'yl a., ethyl hydroxide, grain alcohol, CH3-
bumosuria (al-bu-mo-su'r!-ah) [albumose + G. CH2OH, the alcohol of wine, whiskey, and
ouron, urine.] The excretion of albumose in other spiritubus beverages, grain a., ethyl a.
the urine, myelopath'ic a., Kahler's* disease. homeopath'ic a., ethyl a. of 87 per cent, strength,
'burgh Springs, Vermont. Saline-ferruginous- used in making attenuations, meth'yl or
sulphureted waters. Two springs. methyl'ic a., wood alcohol, pyroxylic spirit,,
bur'num [L.] The sapwood of an exogenous tree, H.CH2OH, obtained by the destructive distilla-
between the heart- wood and the bark. tion of wood; it is poisonous, and often causes
'call. Alkali. blindness, monoatom'ic or monohy'dric a.,
'caloid. Alkaloid. one containing but one atom group (01^),
:ap'ton. Alkapton. or having a univalent radical, pri'mary a.,
samose (al-kai'noz). A mixture of albumose and an alcohol characterized by the univalent
maltose, a concentrated predigested food. atom group (CH2OH) or methoxyl. pro'pyl a.,
jar'sin [alciphol) + ars(,enic).'] Alkarsin, Cadet's ethyl carbinol, CHS.CH2.CH2OH, a colorless
fuming liquid, cacodyl oxide, As(CH3)40. fluid of alcoholic taste and fruity odor, more
'cock's canal' [Thomas Alcock, English anatomist, poispnous than ethyl alcohol, salicyl'ic a,,

1784-1833.] A space in the outer fascial wall of diathesin. sec'ondary a., an alcohol char-
ALCOHOL 3° ALEXIA'

acterized by the bivalent atom group (CHOH). alemmal (a,-lem'al) [G. a- priv. +
lemma, husk.]
ter'tiary an alcohol characterized by the
a., Noting a nerve fiber not provided with a
trivalent atom group (COH). ter'tiary am'yl neurilemma.
a,, amylene hydrate, thi'o-a., mercaptan. Alep'po boil or e'vil [Aleppo, a vilayet and its
triatom'ic or trihy'dric a.,' one containing capital in Asiatic Turkey.] Oriental boil.*
three atom groups (OH), or .having a trivalent Alet, France (S-la'). Alkaline, carbonated waters,
radical, wood a., methyl a. 64° F. to 102° F. Used in anemia, dyspepsia,
alcoholase (al'ko-hol-az). A
ferment converting intestinal disorders, pregnancy, and debility.
lactic acid into alcohol, June I to September 30. Thermal establish-
al'coholate. i. A tincture or other preparation ment, all the year.
containing alcohol. 2. A chemical compound in aletocyte (al-e'to-sit) [G. aleles, a, wanderer, +
which an atom of hydrogen in alcohol is replaced kytos, cell.] A wandering cell.

by an atom of an alkaline metal. al'etrin. A

dark brown bitter powder, a concen-
alcohol'ic. i. Relating to, containing, or produced tration product obtained from the root of Aletris*
by alcohol, z. A
person addicted to the use of farinosa; dose, gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2).
alcoholic beverages in excess. al'etris [G. a grinder of corn.] (N.F.) The dried
al'coholism. Poisoning with alcohol, acute' a., rhizome and roots of Aletris farinosa, ague-root,
intoxication, drunkenness, a temporary mental unicorn root, crow-corn, star-grass; an herb of
disturbance with muscular incoordination and the eastern United States; a simple bitter, said to
paresis,induced by the ingestion of alcoholic be a uterine tonic, diuretic, and antirheumatic,
beverages in poisonous amount, chron'ic a., a in doses of gr. 8-iS (0.5-1 -o).
pathological condition, affecting chiefly the nerv- aleucemia, aleucsemia (a-lu-se'ml-ah) [G. a- priv.
ous and gastroenteric systems, caused by the + Uukos, white, haima, blood.] i. A con-
+
habitual use of alcoholic beverages in poisonous dition marked by aleucocytosis or leucopenia. z.
amount. Pseudoleucemia. 3. Myelomatosis. Also
al'coholist. Alcoholic (2). written aleuchcefnia, aleukosmia, aleukemia.
To impregnate with aleuce'mic. i. Marked by aleucemia. ^. Not as-
"
al'coholize. 1. alcohol a.
To convert into alcohoh sociated with or characterized by leucemia, noting
alcoholoma'nia. i A morbid craving for alcoholic
. an early stage of Hodgkin's disease when the
beverages. 2. Delirium tremens. local symptoms are present, but the blood changes
alcoholom'eter [G. metron, measure.] An apparatus have not yet set in.
for determining the quantity of alcohol in a fluid. aleuclueinia (S-lu-ke'mJ-ah). Aleucemia.
alcoholophilia (al"ko-hol-o-fil'I-ah) [alcohol G. + aleucocytic (al-u-ko-si'tik). Marked by an absence
phileo, I love.] The craving for alcohol. of leucocytosis or by leucopenia.
alcosol (al'ko-sol). Same as a hydrosol, with aleucocjrtosis (i-lu-ko-si-to'sis) [G. o- priv. leukos, +
alcohol instead of water as the dispersion means. white, +
kytos, cell.] Leucopenia, a diminution,
alcre'sol. Trade name for a solution of cresylic acid, relative or absolute, in the niunber of white
employed as an antiseptic. blood-cells.
alcres'ta. Trade name of a preparation of ipecac aleukaemia, aleukemia (S-lu-ke'ml-ah). Aleucemia.
that, it is claimed, may be administered in very aleukia (S,-lu'ki-ah) [G. a- priv. ^- leukos, white.]
large doses without exciting nausea or vomiting; I. Aleucemia. 2. Absence of blood plates,
it is in the form of tablets, each containing the thrombopenia. a. haemorrhag'ica, aplastic
alkaloids isolated from 10 grains of ipecac. anemia.
aldehydase (al'de-hi-daz). An oxidizing ferment aleuionate (S-lu'ro-nat) [G. aleuron, flour.] A flour
which converts an aldehyde into an acid. said to consist largely of vegetable albumin with
aldehyde, aldehydum (al'de-hid, al-de-hi'dum) a very small proportion of starch, used to make
[allcohol) + L. de, from, + hyd(rogen); alcohol bread for diabetics.
deprived of hydrogen,] 1. A chemical body aleuron (al-u'ron) [G. aleuron, wheaten flour.]
intermediate between an acid and an alcohol, Protein granules; particles of protein found in
containing less oxygen than the former and less the endosperm of seeds, supposed to contain the
hydrogen than the latter, z. Acetaldehyde, vitamines of edible seeds and grains.
acetic aldehyde, ethaldehyde a colorless liquid Alexan'der's opera'tion. Alexandei^Adams opera-
of irritating odor; it is polymerized into paralde- tion.
hyde* in the presence of sulphuric acid, ace'tic a., Alexan'der-Ad'ams opera'tion [William Alexander,
aldehyde (2). cinnam'ic a., cinnaldehydum. Liverpool surgeon, fiQip; James A. Adams,
for'mic a., formaldehyde, meth'yl a., formalin. Glasgow surgeon.] Alexander's operation,
parafor'mic a., paraform. Alqui^'s operation; shortening of the round
alder (awl'der). A tree or shrub of the genus Alnus, ligapients of the uterus and suture of their ends
The name is given also to plants of other and to the external abdominal ring.
entirely dissimilar genera, black a., Rhamnus Alexandersbad, Germany (ah-lek-sahn'ders-baht).
frangtda. Chalybeate waters. Cold. Used by drinking
al'din. An aldehyde base.* and bathing in anemia, chlorosis, incipient phthi-
al'dol. Beta-oxybutyric aldehyde, a thick liquid sis, nervous diseases, and women's diseases. May
soluble in 2 parts of water, possessing hjrpnotic 1; to October i.
properties. alexeteric (S-lek-se-ter'ik) [G. alexeiSrios, able to
aldose (al'doz). A
carbohydrate containing the defend.] Protective, defensive, in reference
characterizing group of the aldehydes (CHO). especially to infectious diseases; antidotal.
alecithal (al-es'ith-al) [G. a- priv. + lekithos, yolk.] alex'ia [G. a- priv. +
lexis, a word or phrase.] Loss
Without yolk, noting ova, if such exist, in which of the power to grasp the meaning of written or
there is no deutoplasm in general, noting the mam-
; printed words and sentences; word-blindness;
malian ovum in which there is no distinct yolk. called also optical, sensory, or visual a. in distinc-
alem'broth. A double chloride of mercury and tion to motor a. (aphemia or anarthria), in which
ammonia, sometimes employed as an antiseptic there is loss of the power to read aloud although
in surgical dressings. the significance of what is written or printed is
 ;

.EXIA 31 ALKALI

cmderstood. Musical a., or music-blindness, is algopsychalia (al-go-si-ka'li-ah) [G. algos, pain, -|-
.OSS of the power to read musical notation, psyche, mind.] Psychalgia.
ix'in [G. alexo, I ward off.] Complement, a al'gor [L. coldness.] Cold or the sensation of cold;
labile substance, present in both normal and a chill.
immune serum, possessing bactericidal and hemo- algos'copy [L. algor, cold, -|- G. skoped, I view.]
lytic properties when combined with immune body Cryoscopy.
the alexin in normal serum is sometimes called algovas'cular [G. algos, pain.] Relating to changes
sosin, that in specific or immune serum, phylaxin in the lumen of the blood-vessels taking place
iz'ine. A French proprietary remedy, said to under the influence of pain.
contain chiefly phosphoric acid. Alham'bra Springs, Montana. Alkaline-chalybeate-
izipharmic (&-leks-i-far'mik) [G. alexipharmakos, calcio waters, 90° F. to 134° F. twenty-two ;

preserving against poison.] 1. Antidotal. 2. An springs. Used by drinking and bathing in

antidote. rheiomatism. constipation, and renal disorders.
sxipyretic (a-lek"sJ-pi-ret'ik) [G. alexo, I ward off, Alhuelican Spring, Mexico (ahl-wa-le-kahn'). Alkq,-
-t- pyretos, fever.] Febrifuge. Itne-saline-carbonated waters. Used in chole-
ezisbad, Germany (ah-lek'sis-baht). Chalybeate lithiasis.
waters; three springs. Used in diabetes, anemia, Alibert's cheloid or chelo'ma (^-e-ber*) [Jean Louis
nervous disorders and women's diseases. May Alibert, French physician, 1766-1837.] Cheloid.
20 to September 20. A.'s disease', (i) scleroderma; (2) mycosis
ixocyte (a-lek'so-sit) [alexin +
G. kytos, cell.] A fungoides.
leucocyte which is assumed to secrete alexin or alible (al'I-bl) [L. alibilis. nutritive.] Capable of
com.plenient. nourishing, nutritive, nutritious.
'gae [pi. of L. alga, seaweed.] A division of alicyclic (al-I-si'klik). In chemistry, having the
cellular cryptogamous plants, including the properties of both open-chain (aliphatic) and
seaweeds. closed-chain (cyclic) compounds.
^anesthesia, algansesthesia (al-gan-es-the'zl-ah) a"liena'tion [L. alienare, to make strange.] In-
[G. algos, pain, 4- an- priv. -I- aisthesis, sensation.] sanity.
Analgesia. alienist. One who treats the insane; a specialist in
garoth [after the inventor, V. Algarotii, Italian mental diseases.
chemist, 1712-1764.] Oxychloride of antimony al'ifonn [L. aCa, wing, -I- forma, shape.] Wing-
formerly employed as an emetic. shaped, resembling a wing, pterygoid.
;esia, algesis (al-je'sl-ah, al-je'sis) [G. algesis, a al'iment [L. aCere, to nourish.] Food, that which
sense of pain.] Hyperesthesia.. supplies nourishment, nutriment.
;e'sic. Painful, hyperesthetic. alimen'tary [L. alimentum, nourishment.] Relating
;esichronometer (al-3e"s!(-kro-nom'e-tur) [G. to food or nutrition.
algesis, sense of pain, -I- chronos, time, -I- metron, alimenta'tion. x. Nourishment, food. u. Providing
measure.] An instrument for recording the time nourishment, feeding.
required for the perception of a painful stimulus. aUmen"tother'apy [L. alimentum, nourishment, -H
jesimeter, algesiometer (al-je-sim'e-tur, al-je- G. therapeia, healing.] Dietotherapy, bromato-
si-om'e-tur) [G. algesis, sense of pain, -I- metron, therapy, dietetic treatment.
measure.] An instrument for measuring the alinasal (al-1-na'zal) [L. ala, wing, + nasus, nose.]
degree of sensitiveness of the' skin to a painful Relating to the alee nasi, or flaring portions of
stimulus. the nostrils.
jesthesia (al-jes-the'zl-ah) [G. algos, pain, -I- alinement (a-lin'ment). i. The act of bringing into
aisthesis, sensation.] Hyperesthesia. line. ^. In dentistry, the line along which the

;etic. Painful. teeth are adjusted.

gid (al'jid) [L. algidus, cold.] Chilly, cold. a. alinjec'tion [al{cohol) + injection,'] The injection of
perni'cious fe'ver, a pernicious malarial attack alcohol for hardening and preserving pathological
in which the patient presents all the symptoms and histological specimens.
of collapse, a. stage, a stage in certain diseases, aliphat'ic [G. aleipharialeiphat-), fat, oil.] i.

notably in cholera, in which the skin is cold and Fatty. Noting the open-chain* compounds,
2.

cyanotic. most of which belong to the fatty series.

riomo'tor [G. algeinos, painful.] Causing pain- Alisma'ces [G. alisma, plantain.] An order of
ful muscular contractions. aquatic plants, some of which have edible tubers.
jiomus'cular [G. algeinos, painful.] Algiomotor. alisphenoid (al-i-sfe'noyd)
\L. ala, wing, -|-
;iovas'cular. Algovascular. sphenoid.] Relating to the greater wing of
jogen'esis [G. algos, pain, + genesis, production.] the sphenoid bone. a. car'tilage, the cartilage
The production or origin of pain. in the embryo from which the greater wing
5ogen'ic. Causing pain. of the sphenoid bone is developed.
;olag'nia [G. algos, pain, -f- lagneia, lust.] A aliz'arin. A red dye formerly obtained from
form of sexual perversion in which the infliction madder, now made synthetically from anthracene,
or.the experiencing of pain increases the pleasure a coal-tar product it is an acid stain.
;

of the sexual act or causes sexual pleasure inde- alkalescence (al-kal-es'ens). 1. A

slight alkalinity
2. The process of becoming alkaline.
pendent of the act. ac'tive a., sadism, pas'sive
a., masochism.
alkales'cent. Slightly alkaline; becoming alkaline.
+ metron, measure.] An
'om'eter [G. algos, pain, al'kali [Ar. al, the, + qally, soda-ash.] A strongly
instrument for measuring the degree of sensitive- basic substance, alkaline in reaction, and
ness to pain algesimeter.
;
capable of saponifying fats. a. albu'min, a
;ophily (al-gof'i-U) [G. algos, pain, -I- pMlia,\ ove.] derived albtmiin formed by the action of a weak
of pain or alkali on native albumin; it is not coagulable by
I. Pleasure experienced in the thought

in the infliction of pain upon others or the suffering heat and is precipitated when the solution is
Algolagnia. carefully neutralized, a. pois'onlng, milk sickness
it oneself. 2.

;opho'bia [G. algos, pain, +

phobos, fear.] Abnor- in cattle; trembles; slows, car'bonated a., one
mal fear of or sensitiveness to pain; odynephobia. of the carbonates of potassium or sodium, caus'tic
ALKALI 32 ALLERGIA, ALLERGY

allachesthesia, allachaesthesia (al"ah-kes-the'sl-ah)

a., potassium or sodium hydrate, or hydroxide.
fixed a., lithium, potassium, or sodium hydroxide, [G. allache, elsewhere, +
aisihesis, sensation.] A
as distinguished from ammonium hydroxide, or condition in which a sensation is referred to a
volatile a. veg'etable a., (i) alkaloid; (2) a mixture point other than that to which the stimulus is

of potassium hydrate and potassium carbonate. applied.

vol'atlle a,, ammonium hydroxide (ammonia) or allaesthe'sia. AUesthesia.
ammonium carbonate. allantiasis (al-an-ti'a-sis) [G. allas{aUant-'), sausage.]
alkalim'eter [alkali + G. metron, measure.] An Botulism; sausage-poisoning.
instrument for determining the degree of alka- allantochorion (al-lan-to-ko'ri-on). Fusion of the
linity of any mixture. allantois and chorion to form one structure.
alkalim'etiy. The determination of the degree of allanto'ic. Relating to the allantois.
alkalinity of a mixture. allan'toid [G. alias (.allant-), sausage, +
eidos, appear-
alkaline (al'kal-in). Relating to an alkali; having ance.] Sausage-shaped.
I. 2. Allantois. 3.

the reaction of an alkali, a. earths, the hydrox- Relating to the allantois. a. memTirane, allantois.
ides of barium, calcium, magnesium, and stron- allantoidean (al-an-to-id'e-an). One of the higher
tium, a. leac'tion, the turning blue of red litmus vertebrates, the embryo of which has an
paper. allantois.
alkalin'ity. The condition of being alkaline. allantoidoangiopagous(al-an"toy-do-an-jl-op'a-gus)
al'kalinize. To render alkaline. Omphaloangiopagous.
alkalinu'ria. The passage of urine of an alkaline allan'toin. A nitrogenous crystalline substance,
reaction. CjHjNjO,, present in the allantoic fluid, the urine
alkalith'ia. Trade name of an effervescent mixture of the fetus, and elsewhere; it is also the active
containing lithium; employed in rheumatic and principle of Symphytum, or comfrey.
gouty conditions. allantois (al-an'toys) [G. allas(allant-), sausage, +
al'kalizate. Alkalinize. eidos, appearance.] A
fetal membrane developing
alkaliza'tion. The process of rendering alkaline. from the hindgut; internally it enters into the
al'kalize. Alkalinize. formation of the bladder, externally it contrib-
al'kaloid [alkali+ G. eidos, resemblance, in allusion utes to the formation of the umbilical cord and
to the basic or alkaline property of these sub- placenta-
stances.] A basic substance found in the leaves, allantotox'icon [G. allas(allani-), sausage, -I- toxicon,
bark, seeds, and other parts of plants, usually (arrow)poison.] A
poisonous ptomaine formed
constituting the active principle of the crude in decomposing satisage.
drug, A substance of similar nature formed in AUegha'ny Springs, Virginia. Sulphated-magnesic-
animal tissues. Alkaloids are usually bitter in saline waters, 56'' F. Used in nervous affections,
taste and alkaline in reaction and unite with acids hepatic and renal dise^es, constipation, anemia,
to form salts. According to the usage of the chlorosis, and general debility.
U.S. and Br. Pharmacopeias, the name of an allelomorph (al'e-lo-morf) [G. allelon, reciprocally,
alkaloid terminates in -ina [L.] or -ine [E.], thereby -t- morphe, shape.] In Mendelian heredity,
distinguishing it from a glucoside, the termination one of a pair of characters which are alternative
of which is'-inum [L.] or -in [E.]. cadav'eric a., in their inheritance, the descendants exhibiting
ptomaine, ezcrementi'tious a., leucomaine. fixed one or the other of the characters, but not a
a., a solid, usually crystalline a., containing the mixture of the two.
elements C, H, N, and O, and not volatile, putre- allelomor'phic. Noting the characters (in Mendel-
fac'tive ptomaine, tis'sue a., leucomaine.
a., ian heredity) which become segregated or sepa-
a liquid a. containing the elements
vol'atile a., rate from each other; see allelomorph.
C, H, and N, and volatile without decomposition; allelomorphism (al"e-lo-mor'fizm). The transmis-
coniine and nicotine are volatile alkaloids. sion by heredity of allelomorphic characters.
alkalom'etiy [alkaloid + G. metron, measure.] Allen Springs, California. Alkaline-saline-ferrugi-
Dosimetry, dosimetric* system. nous-carbonated waters. Used by drinking and
alkalosis (al-k&-lo'sis) [alkali +
-osis.] A
con- bathing in hepatic and renal affections, dyspepsia,
dition in which the blood is unduly alkaline, constipation, and chronic malaria.
the equilibrium between its acids and bases AU'en treat'ment [Frederick M. Allen, American
being displaced in favor of the latter. physician, *i879.] The so-called starvation
al'kanet. The root of an herb, Alkanna, or Anchusa, treatment of diabetes by means of certain days
tincioria, which yields a red dye. of absolute fasting followed by a spare diet with
al'kanin. The red dye from alkanet. a. pa'per, a limited amount of carbohydrate.
Boettger 's test paper, anchusin paper; filter paper AU'en's test [Charles Warrenne Allen, American
dipped in a 3 per cent, alcoholic solution of alkanin dermatologist, 1834-1906.] The application of
and dried alkalies turn it blue or green, acids red.
; Lugol's solution of iodine to a suspected eruption
alkap'ton [alkali + G. hapto, I seize.] Homo- will produce a dark mahogany stain if the lesion
gentisic acid, a yellowish red substance some- is tinea versicolor.
times present in the urine and giving it a reddish AU'en's test. Upon the addition of a few drops of
color; believed to be a derivative of tyrosin. hydrochloric acid and then one of nitric acid to
alkaptonuria (al-kap-tS-nu'rJ-ah) [alkaplon G. + the suspected fluid, a red color will appear if
ouroni urine.] The presence of alkapton in the the fluid contains carbolic acid.
urine; it occurs often over large periods of time allergen (al'ur-jeni [allergy + G. gennao, I produce.]
or recurs at irregular intervals, and is sometimes A hypothetical toxic substance in tuberculin, vac-
associated with ochronosis. cine virus, and other infectious material, upon
alkar'sin. Alcarsin. the union of which with ergin the phenomenon
alkasal (al'kci-sal). Aluminum and potassium of allergy depends.
salicylate, an antiseptic and antirheumatic. allergenic (al"ur-jen'ik). Anaphylactogenic.
alkre'sol. Alcresol. allergla, allergy (al-ur'jl-ah, al'ur-jl) [G. alios, other,
al'kyl [alcohol + G. hyW, stuff.] A general term for + {en)ergeia, from ergon, work.] An
acquired
the alcohol radicals. immunity, associated with anaphylaxis in which
 .

XERGIA, ALLERGY 33 ALLOTROPY

reinoculation causes a renewal of the same infec- allokinesis (al-o-kin-e'sis) [G. alios, other, -f- kini-
tion, but in a manner different from that of the re- sis, movement. \ j.. Passive movement. 2. Re-
action to the primary infection. A
clinical change flex movement.
in the capacity of the organism to react to an in- allola'lia [G. alios, other, -1- lalia, talking.] Any
fection or intoxication, following a primary infec- speech defect, especially one due to disease affect-
tion; it may be in the direction of immimity or of ing the speech center.
increased susceptibility. allomorphism (al-o-mor'fizm) [G. alios, other, -I-
'ergin. A term proposed by Anderson to denote morphe, form.] A change of shape in cells due to
an antibody characteristic of anaphylaxis, specific mechanical causes, such as flattening from
Eor its antigen, and thought to be the essential pressure, or to progressive metaplasia, such as
agent in the passive transference of anaphylaxis. the change of cells of the bile-ducts into liver-
esthesia, alleesthesia (al-es-the'zl-ah) [G. alios, cells.
other, + aisthesis, sensation.] A form
of alla- allopath (al'o-path). i. One who practises medi-
chesthesia in which the sensation of a stimulus in cine according to the system of allopathy, a.
one limb is referred to the opposite limb allochiria. ; Erroneously, a physician of the rational or regular
levard, France (al-var'). Sulphureted-carbonated school, as distinguished from eclectic or home-
waters; cold. Used in rheumatism, cutaneous opathic practitioners.
diseases, catarrhal conditions, and diseases of allopath'ic. Relating to allopathy.
women. June i to September 30. allop'athist. Allopath.
iaceous (al-J-a'se-us) [L. allium, garlic] Relating allop'athy [G. alios, other, +
pathos, suffering.] i
to, or having the odor or taste of, garlic or onion. A system of therapeutics in which disease is treated
Tingham's opera'tion [Herbert "William AUingham, by exciting a morbid process of another kind or
English surgeon, contemporary.] Colotomy in another part —
a method of substitution.
through an incision parallel to and just above When, in former times, an injection of strong
Poupart 's ligament. solution of nitrate of silver was given in begin-
Tingham's opera'tion [WHliam. lUngham, EnglishA ning gonorrhea in order to excite a substitutive,
surgeon, 1830— 1908.] Exsection of the rectum non-specific, inflammation, the gonococcus being
through an incision in the perineum alongside the unknown, the principle was one of allopathy. 2.
anus extending back to the coccyx. A.'s ul'cer, Erroneously, the rational or regular practice of
fissure of the anus. medicine, as distinguished from particiilar schools,
Tis's Inhaler [Oscar H. Allis, Philadelphia surgeon, such as homeopathy or eclecticism.
contemporary.] An apparatus for giving ether alloplasia (al-o-pla'zl-ah) [G. alios, other, -1- plasis,
by inhalation to induce general anesthesia. A.'s a moulding.] The replacing of normally domi-
sign, in fracture of the neck of the femur, the nant cell-forms in an organ or tissue by other cell-
trochanter rides up relaxing the fascia lata so that forms normally latent in such tissue, such as the
the finger can be sunk deeply between the great presence of squamous epithelium in the bladder
trochanter and the iliac crest. or of gastric mucosa in the esophagus; heteropla-
itera'tion [L. ad, to, -1- Uttera, letter.] The frequent sia, dysplasia.
employment words having the same initial
of allopsychic (al-o-si'kik) [G. alios, other, -|- psychl,
sound, occasionally noted as a form of dys- soul.] Noting the mental processes in their
phrasia. relation to the outer world.
Tium [L. garlic] A
genus of plants of the natural allorrhythmia (al-6-ridh'mI-ah) [G. alios, other, +
order LiliacecB; among the species are A, cepa, rkyihmos, rhythm.] Irregularity in the cardiac
onion, A. sativum, garlic, A. porrum, leek, and rhythm.
A. schcenoprasum, chives. allorrhjrthmic (al-6-ridh'mik) . Irregular in
lium (N.F.). Garlic; has been employed in rhythm, noting especially the pulse or cardiac
the treatment of tuberculosis in doses of gr. 30 action.
(2.0). allosome (al'o-s5m) [G. alios, other, -f- soma, body.]
ochiral (al-ok'i-ral) . Relating to or suffering from Heterochromosome, heterotypical chromosome,
allochiria. one of the chromosomes differing in appearance or
ochiria, allocheiria (aro-ki'il-ah) [G. alios, other, behavior from the ordinary chromosomes, or
+ cheir, hand.] A
form of dyschiria in which a autosomes, and sometimes unequally distributed
stimulus applied to one side of the body is referred among the germ-cells, paired a., diplosome.
to the opposite side; allesthesia. unpaired a., monosome, accessory chromosome.*
lochroic (al-o-kro'ik) [G. allochroos, changed in allotoz'in [G. alios, other.] An antitoxin or other
color.] Changed or changeable in color; relating substance formed in the blood or tissues, which
to allochroism. checks the injurious action of a toxin.
lochroism (al-ok'ro-izm) [G. alios, other, chroa, + allotriodontia (al-ot-ri-o-don'sH-ah) [G. allotrios,
color.] A
change or changeableness in color. foreign, +
odous(pdont-). tooth.] The growth of a
iochromasia (al-o-kro-ma'sl-ah) [G alios, other, -t- tooth in some abnormal location.
chroma, color.] Change of color of the skin or hair allotriogeustia (al-ot-rl-o-jus'tl-ah) [G. allotrios,

iocoUoid (al-o-kol'oyd) [G. alios, other.] A foreign, -I- geusis, taste.] Perverted taste, one
colloid system made up by a single element (in for innutritions and unusual objects, such as earth.
allotropic forms) e.g. sulphur undergoes several
; ,
allotriophag; (al-d-tri-ofa-ji) [G. allotrios, foreign
allotropio modifications when heated or when to the purpose, -I- phago, I eatj The habit
cooled suddenly. of eating unusual, innutritions, or injurious
oesthesia, allosesthesia (al-o-es-the'zJ-ah) substances, dirt-eating, for example.
Allesthesia. allotrope (al'o-trop). A substance in one of the
og'amy [G. alios, other, +
gamos, marriage.] allotropic forms which the element may assume.
fertilization of the ova of one individual by allotroph'ic [G. alios, other, -1- trophe, nourish-
The
the spermatozoa of another, or, in plants, of the ment.] Having an altered nutritive value-
ovules by pollen from another flower or the allotrop'ic. Relating to allotropy.
allot'ropism. Allotropy.
flowers of another individual; cross-fertilization; .

the opposite of autogamy. allot'ropy [G. alios, other, +

tropos, manner, way.]
ALLOTROPY 34 ALPHITOMORPHOUS

The existence of certain elements, such as phos- gogue, anthelmintic, dose gr. 2-10 (0.12-0.6).
phorus and carbon, in several different forms with a. socotri'na (Br.), obtained from A. perryi.
unlike physical properties. aloes (al'oz). Aloe (U.S. and Br.). Barba'dos a.,
All'ouez Mineral Springs, Wisconsin. Alkaline- a variety of a. obtained chiefly from Aloe chinen-
saline-calcic waters, 46° F. Used for drinking in sis and A. vera; official in the B.P. Cape a.,
diabetes, Bright's disease, gastric and hepatic said to be derived from Aloe ferox; used chiefly
disorders, rheumatism, gout, and vesical calculi. in veterinary practice, hepat'ic a., Socotrine a;
alloz'an. An oxidation product of uric acid, Natal' a., Cape a.. Soc'otrine a., hepatic a.,
C^HjN.O,. obtained from Aloe perryi, imported chiefly from
allox'antin. A derivative of alloxan, formed in the Bombay.
presence of reducing agents. aloet'ic. Relating to aloes.
allox'uT ba'ses or bod'ies [alloxian) + ur(ea).} alo'etin. Aloinimi.
Xanthine bases.* Certain nitrogenous sub- alo'gia [G. a- priv. + logos, speech.] Aphasia.
stances formed by the splitting up of nucleins. al'oin, aloin'um (U.S. and Br.). Aloin, a yellowish
alloxuremia (al-ok-su-re'ml-ah) [alloxur + G. haima, crystalline neutral principle derived from aloes;
blood.] The presence of alloxur bases in the blood. dose gr. ^-2 (0.03-0.12).
alloxu'ria. The presence of alloxur bodies in the alopecia (al-o-pe'sl-ah) [G. alopekia, the mange of
urine. foxes.] Acomia, calvities, baldness, a. adna'ta,
allozu'ric ba'ses. Alloxur bases, xanthine bases.* congenital baldness, a. area'ta, a disease of the
from L. alligare, to combine.] A
alloy' [F. alloyer hair leading to the production of circumscribed
substance composed of a mixture of two or more patches of baldness, a, Cel'si, a areata, a.
metals. cicatrisa'ta, a. foUicularis. a. circumscrip'ta, u.
allspice (awl'spis). Pimento, the fruit of Eugenia areata, a. follicula'ris, a papular or pustular in-
pimenta, a West Indian tree. flammation of the hair follicles of the scalp, result-
allyl [L. allium, garlic, -I- hyU, matter.]^ univ- A ing in scarring and loss of hair in the affected area.
alent radical, C3H5, which has not been isolated a. furfura'cea, dandruff with falling of the hair; a.
as such, present in garlic, a. al'dehyde, acrolein. pityrodes. a. localis, falling of the hair in cir-
a. isosulphocyanate, volatile oil of mustard, de- cumscribed spots corresponding to the area of
rived from sinigrin.* a. sul'phide, oil of garlic. distribution of the nerves of the scalp, a.
a. tribro'mide, trybromhydrin. a. trichlor'ide, neurit'ica, a. localis. a. neurot'ica, a. of tro-
trichlorhydrin. phoneurotic origin, a. pityro'des [G. pityrodes,
allyl'amine. A
liquid of sharp caustic taste derived branny, scurfy], a falling of the hair, of the body
from crude oil of mustard. as well as of the scalp, accompanied by an abun-
AlmSn's blood test (ahl-man') [August Theodor dant bran-like desquamation, a. praeseni'lis,
Almen, Swedish physiologist, 1833— 1903.] A baldness occurring in early or middle life without
mixture of equal parts of tincture of guaiac any apparent disease of the scalp, a. seni'lis, the
and oil of turpentine is added to washings of normal falling of the hair of the scalp in old age.
the suspected stain, and if it is blood a blue a. sim'plex, premature baldness, a. praesenilis. a.
color will appear. A.'s rea'gent, a 2 per cent, symptomat'lca, a. occurring in the course of
alcoholic solution of tannin; 1 part added to 6 various constitutional or local diseases, or fol-
parts of urine will cloud the fluid if albumin is lowing long fevers, a. universa'lis, general
present. A.'s test for glucose; the liquid to be falling of the hair from all parts of the body and
tested is heated with a solution of caustic soda, not from the scalp only, reflex' a., Jacquet's*
Rochelle salt, and bismuth subnitrate; the pres- disease.
ence of glucose causes the deposit of a black aloxanthin (al-oks-an'thin) [aloe +
xanihos, yellow.]
precipitate. A yellow substance obtained from aloes by treat-
almond (al'mund or ah'mund). The kernel of the ing with potassium bichromate.
fruit of Prunus communis or P. amygdalus. Alpena Magnetic Sulphur Springs, Michigan.
bitt'er a., amygdala amara. a., amygdala
sweet Saline-sulphureted waters, 67.6° F. to 36.1° F.
dulcis. Used by drinking and bathing in diabetes, vesical
al'nuin. A substance derived from the bark of the catarrh, constipation, rhetunatism, Bright's
alder, one of several species of Alnus; it has been disease, dyspepsia, neurasthenia, syphilis, and
used as a tonic in doses of gr. 2—5 (0.12-0.3). cutaneous diseases.
Al'nus [L. alder.] A genus of small trees or shrubs, al'pha. The first letter of the Greek alphabet (a).
the alders, the bark of which possesses tonic and It is employed in chemistry to denote the first
astringent properties in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3- in a series of isomeric compounds and is similarly
;

0.6). used as a classifier in the nomenclature of other

AI2O3. Aluminum oxide. sciences, a. leu'cocyte, a. rays, etc., see the prin-
alochia (S-lo'kl-ah) [G. o- priv. -I- lochia.'] Absence cipal word.
of the lochia following childbirth. alphaiodine (al-fah-i'o-din, al-fah-i'o-din) [G.
Aloe (al'o-e) [G. aloe.] A genus of plants of the alpha, a,, + iodine.] Term applied by Kendall
natural order Liliacece. A. chinen'sis, one of the to the supposed active principle of the thyroid
sources of Barbados aloes. A. ferox, a species secretion.
from which is obtained the aloes used in South alpha-naph'thol. A
substance obtained from coal-
Africa. A. per'ryi, the source of Socotrine aloes. tar and prepared artificially, a colorless crystal-
A. vera, one of the species furnishing the official line powder; employed as an intestinal antiseptic
aloes. A. vulga'ris, a source of a non-oificial in typhoid fever and other conditions in doses
aloes used in the West Indies. of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0), also externally in oily
aloe (al'o-e) (U.S.). The inspissated juice from solution, in scarlet fever, erysipelas, and small-
the leaves of Aloe vera, A. chinensis, A. perryi, or pox.
other species of aloe. a. barbaden'sis (Br.), ob- al'phasol. Trade name of a proprietary remedy
tained from A vera and A chinensis. a. purifl-
. . used as an external antiseptic in rhinology and
ca'ta, purified aloes, .prepared by melting and laryngology.
straining Socotrine aloes; cathartic, emmena- alphitomorphous (al-fi-to-mor'fus) [G. alphiton,
ALPHITOMORPHOUS 3S ALUMINUM
barley-meal, +
morphe, form.] Having a re- German histologist, 1852-1900.] A fixing fluid
semblance to barley-meal, noting certain fungi on containing equal parts of a 5 per cent, potas-
plants sium bichromate solution and a 2 per cent, osmio
al'phogen. Trade name for disuccinyl-dioxide or acid solution. A.'s gran'ules, granules demon-
succinic peroxide, alphozone a white amorphous
; strable by certain methods of staining in the pro-
substance, germicidal and deodorant in fresh solu- toplasm of normal cells their alleged absence in
;

tion or in powder. the cells of malignant growths has been thought

al'phol. Trade n^me of alpha-naphthol salicylate; to be of diagnostic value. A.'s the'ory, that
antiseptic and antirheumatic in doses of gr. protoplasm is composed of a number of granular
8-iS (o-S-i-o)- elements (bioblasts), grouped in zooglea-like
alphon'sin [Alphonse Ferri, Italian surgeon, 1515- masses, or united by threads, surrounded by an
1595.] A three-pronged bullet-forceps. indifferent substance.
al'phos [G.] Psoriasis. al'um [L. alumen.] A double sulphate of aluminum
al'phozone. Trade name for succinic peroxide, and of an alkaline earth or ammonium the potas-
;

alphogen.* sium salt is official as alumen in the U.S.P., both

alphylarsonic acid (al"fil-ar-son'ik as'Id). An ar- the potassium and the ammonium salts in the
sonic acid to which a radical of the alphyl group B.P. Chemically, an alum is any one of the
is attached. double salts formed by a combination of a sul-
al'phyl group. A
group of radicals of the fatty or phate of aluminum, iron, manganese, chromium,
paraffin series. or gallium, on one side, with a sulphate of lith-
Alqiii£'5 opera'tion (al-ke-a') [Alexis Jacques ium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, caesium, or
AlqwU, French surgeon in Montpellier, 1812— rubidium, on the other, ammo'nia a., the double
1865.] Alexander-Adams operation. sulphate of aluminum and ammonium; altunen
al'sol. Trade name of aluminum acetotartrate, (Br.), anunouiofer'ric a., ferri et ammonii sul-
occurring in colorless crystals slowly soluble in phas, burnt a., alumen exsiccatum. chrome a.,
water; a disinfectant and astringent for use the sulphate of chromium and potassittm, a violet,
chiefly as an application to the mucous membrane pigment, fer'ric a., ferri et ammonii sulphas.
of the nose and throat in i or 2 per cent, solution, iron a., ferric a. potas'sium a., the double sul-
and as an application to chilblains in 3 per cent, phate of alumintmi and potassium alumen (U.S.
;

solution. and Br.).

AljCSOp,, (HH,)jSO, -I- 24HjO. Alum. alumen (S,-loo'men) (U.S and^ Br.). Alum,
alsto'nia [Charles Alston, Edinburgh physician, potassium alum (U.S.), potassium or ammonium
1683-1760.] (B.A.) Dita bark, the dried bark of alum (Br.), a double sulphate of aluminum
Alstonia scholaris and A, constricta, trees of trop- and potassium or aluminum and ammonium;
ical Africa, Asia, and Australia; bitter tonic, astringent and styptic, employed externally,
employed in malaria and dysentery in the form and occasionally internally in doses of gr.
of infusion or tinctiire. 3-15 (0.3-1.0), or as an emetic in doses of
al'stonine. Chlorogenine, an alkaloid from alstonia, 51-4 (4.0-16.0). a. exsicca'tum (U.S.), dried
occurs in the form of a brown powder, slightly alum, burnt alum, alumen ustum; alum de-
soluble in water; antiseptic and antipyretic. prived of its water of crystallization by heat,
alter (awl'ter) [L. alterare; other.]
alter, i. To occurring in the form of a white granular
change; to make different, to become different. powder; used externally as an astringent dusting
2. Tocastrate. powder, a. us'tum, a. exsiccatum.
alterant (awl'tur-ant) [L. alterare, to change.] Altera- al'um-hematox'ylin. A purple tissue-stain -used in
tive. I. Causing a favorable change in the dis- histology, a mixture of an aqueous solution o£
ordered functions of the body or in metabolism. potassium alum and an alcoholic solution of
2. A
remedy, such as arsenic, iodine, or mercury, hematoxylin.
which acts in a way to correct disordered meta- Alum Rock Springs, California. Alkaline-saline-
bolic processes and promote repair. carbonatod; also chalybeate waters; two sulphur
altera'tion. r. A
change. 2. A
changing, a mak- springs have a temperature of 85° P. Used by
ing different, mo'dal a., in electric irritability, a drinking and bathing in chronic malaria, anemia,
change in the mode of response of degenerated chlorosis, debility, and nervous prostration.
muscle to galvanic and faradic currents, the con- alumina (S.-loo'mi-nah) . Aluminum oxide, AliOa.
traction being sluggish instead of quick, qual'- alu'minated. Containing alum.
itative a., in electric irritability, a change in which alumin'ium. Aluminum.
the muscle contracts as readUy on application of alu'minol. Alimiinum naphtholdisulphonate, tL
the anode as on that of the cathode, quan'titative white powder soluble in water; employed exter-
a., in electric irritability, a gradual loss of contrac- nally in J to 5 per cent, solutions as an astringent
tility in a muscle in response to static, faradic, and antiseptic.
and galvanic currents successively. alumino'sis. A chronic catarrhal affection of the
alterative (awl'tur-a-tiv). Alterant. respiratory passages occurring in workers in alum.
alternating (awl'tur-na-ting) [L. alternare, to do by aluminum (^-loo'mif-num) . A
white silvery metal
turns.] Occurring in reciprocal succession, noting of very light weight; symbol Al, atomic weight
an electric current the direction of which changes 27.1. a. group, five of the basylous dements,

in rapid succession. glucinum, aluminum, scandium, gallium, and

alths'a (U.S.). Althea, marshmallow, the root of indium, alu'mini hydrox'idum (U.S.), hydrated
Althtsa officinalis; used in powder as an excipient. alumina, aluminum hydrate, a light white
a. fo'lia (N.F.), althea leaves, marshmallow
powder employed as an astringent dusting
leaves, the dried leaves of A. officinalis; em-
powder, and internally as a mild astringent
ployed as a demulcent in dose of gr. 30 (2.0). antacid in doses of gr. 3-6 (0.2-0.4). alu'-
althose (al'thaz). Trade name of an expectorant pre-
minum naphtholdisul'phonate, aluminol. alu'-
paration containing senega, sqmll, and codeine mini sulphas (N.P.), aluminum sulphate, a.
salicylate. white crystalline mass or powder; employed as a
Altmann's flu'id (ahlt'mahn) [Richard Altmann, caustic astringent in pencils.
 ;

ALUMNOL 36 AMAUROSIS

alum'nol. Aluminol. A.M.A. Abbreviation for American Medical

Alvegniat's pump (al-van-yaf). mercurial A Association.
vacuum pump used to remove gases from the amaas (ah'mahs). Milk-pox.
blood, for estimation of the contained amount. amacrinal (S-mak'ri-nal). Relating to an amacrine.
al'veloz. The inspissated juice of Euphorbia heiero- amacrine (am'a-krln) [G. a- priv. + makros, long
doxa, a South American tree, used externally in + is(,in-), fiber.] A unipolar nerve-cell found in
lupus and cancer and to soften scar-tissue. the retina, olfactory bulb, and within the meshes
alveobronchiolitis (al"ve-o-brong"ld-o-li'(le')tis). of Purkinje's cells in the cerebellum.
Inflammation of the bronchioles and pulmonary amadou (am'S-doo) [Fr. amadouer, to coax.] A
alveoli; capillary bronchitis with involvement of substance derived from fungi. Boletus igniarius,
the alveoli; bronchopneumonia. Polyporus fomeniarius, and other varieties, found
alve'olar. Relating to an alveolus in any sense. growing on tree-trunks, used as a hemostatic, and
a. air, the residual air in the pulmonary vesicles when impregnated with saltpeter, as punk.
its composition is believed to be obtained ap- amake'be. A disease of calves in Uganda, caused
proximately by breathing back and forth a by a protozoan parasite, Theileria parva, trans-
number of times into a closed bag and then mitted by means of a tick, Rhipicephalus appen-
analyzing the air in the bag. a. in'dex, gnathic diculatus.
index.* a. periosti'tis, alveolitis, a. point, see amal'gam [G. malagma, a soft mass.] An alloy of
tmder point. mercury with another nietal, regarded as a.
alveolectomy (al-ve-o-lek'to-mJ) [L. alveolus + G. solution of that metal in mercury. An amalgam
ektome, excision.] The operation of opening into of mercury, silver, and tin is used in dentistry
a dental alveolus to give exit to retained pus or as a filling for carious dental cavities.
other fluid and to gain access to the cavity for amal'gamate. To make an amalgam.
treatment. Amani'ta [G. amaniiai, fungi.] A genus of fungi
alveoli (al-ve'o-li) . Plural of alveolus. a. Agaricus. A. musca'ria, fly agaric*
denta'les [BNA], tooth sockets, a. pulmo'num aman'itine. An alkaloid derived from poisonous
[BNA], the air-cells of the lungs, the terminal species of Amanita or Agaricus.
dilatations of the bronchioles. ama'ra [neut. pi. of L. amarus, bitter.] Bitters.
al"veolin'gual. Relating to the alveolus of the am'aiil [Sp. amarillo, yellow.] The toxin of
lower jaw and the tongue. Sanarelli's bacillus, B. icterodes, at one time
alveolitis (al-ve-o-li'(le')tis). Pyorrhea* alveolaris, asserted to be the specific organism of yellow fever.
alveolar periostitis, dentoalveolitis, pericementi- amarill'ic [Sp. amarillo, yellow.] Relating to yellow
tis, Riggs's disease, Fauchard's disease. fever.
alveolocondylean (al-ve"o-lo-kon-dil'e-an). Relat- am'arin amarus, bitter.]
[L. A
name applied to
ing to the alveoli and condyles of the mandible, or various bitter principles derived from plants,
lower jaw. especially to a poisonous substance, occurring in
alye'oloden'tal. Relating to the alveoli and the teeth. lusterless white crystals, obtained from oil of
alve'olus, gen. and pi. alve'oli [L. dim. of alveus bitter almond.
trough, tub.] A small cell or cavity, i. An am'aroid [L. amarus, bitter, + G. eidos, like.] A
air-cell, one of the terminal dilatations of the bitter extractive which does not belong to the
bronchioles in the lungs. 2. An acinus or ter- class of glucosides, alkaloids, or any of the known
minal lobule of a racemose gland. 3. One of the proximate principles of plants.
honeycomb pits in the wall of the stomach. 4. amaroi'dal. Resenibling the bitters. Having a
A tooth-socket, alveolus dentalis. slightly bitter taste.
al'veus [L. tray, trough, cavity.] The layer of amarthiitis (am-ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. ama, at once,
fibers from the hippocampal fimbria spread out -I- arthron, joint, Polyarthritis.
-I- -itis.]
on the ventricular surface of the hippocampus. amarum (S-mah'rum) [neut. of L. amarus, bitter.]
a. commu'nis, utriculus. a. urogenita'lis, utricu- One of a class of vegetable drugs of bitter taste,
lus prostaticus. a. utriculo'sus, utriculus. such as gentian and quassia, employed as
alvine (al'vin) [L. alvus, belly.] Relating to the appetizers and tonics.
abdomen or the intestine. Amaryllida'ces. An order of monocotyledonous
al'vus [L. belly.] The abdomen and its viscera plants, the flowers having six, or a multiple of
A.L.W. Abbreviation for arch-loop-whorl, or Gal- stamens and a trilocular inferior ovary; it
six,
ton's* system of classification of finger-prints. includes Narcissus, Agave, and certain African
al3nn'phia [G. o- priv. -I- L. lympha, lymph.] plants used as arrow poisons.
Absence or deficiency of lymph. amasesis (am-5-se'sis) [G. a- priv. -1- masesis, chew-
alymphopotent (a-lim'fo-po"tent) [G. a- priv. 4- Absence of mastication. Inability to
ing.]
lymphocyle, + L. patens, able.] Unable to pro- masticate.
duce lymphocytes or lymphoid cells. amas'tia [G. a- priv. + mastos, breast.] Absence
alypin (al'i-pin). A
synthetic crystalline powder of the breasts.
soluble in water and alcohol; a local anesthetic, amativeness (am'S-tiv-nes) [L. amare, to love.] 1.
similar to, but less toxic than cocaine; used in Sexual desire. 2. The propensity to love, a
0.5—2 per cent, solutions; is not mydriatic. faculty located by phrenologists in the back part
Chemically it is benzoyltetramethyl-diamino- of the brain.
ethyl-dimethyl-carbinol hydrochloride. amaurosis (am-aw-ro'sis) [G. amauros, dark,
Alzheimer's disease' (ahlts'hi-mer) [Alois Alz- obscure.] A
total loss of vision without discover-
heimer, Munich neurologist, 1864-1915.] Pre- able lesion in the eye structures or optic nerve.
senile dementia occurring usually in persons a. partia'lis fu'gax, temporary blindness occur-
under fifty years of age, associated with A.'s ring in attacks, associated with headache, nausea,
sclerosis and neurofibrile degeneration. A.'s and scotomata. sabur'ral a., a. associated with
Bclero'sis, hyaline degeneration of the medium symptoms of acute gastric disturbance, tox'ic
and smaller blood-vessels of the brain. a., blindness due to optic neuritis excited
by
Am. Abbreviation for ametropia, or for mixed tobacco, alcohol, wood alcohol, lead, arsenic,
astigmatism. quinine, or other poisons.
 a

AMAUROTIC 37 AMBROSIA

amaurotic (am-aw-rot'ik). Relating to or suffering amblygeustia (am-ble-jus'ti-ah) [G. amblys, dull,-l-

from amaiirosis. a. id'iocy, a. fam'ily id'iocy, see geusis, sense of taste.] A blunted sense of taste.
under idiocy. Amblyomma (am-ble-om'ah) [G. amblys, dull, +
amazophobia (§,-niak-so-£o'bi-ah) [G. amaxa, omma, eye, vision.] A genus of ticks. A.
a carriage, + phobos, fear.] A morbid fear hebrse'um, a species said to transmit the specific
of meeting or of riding in any sort of vehicle. organism of hemoglobinuria in sheep.
amazia (§.-ma'zi-ah) [G. a- priv. + mazos, breast.] amblyopia (am-ble-o'pl-ah) [G. amblys, dim, -I- ops,
Absence of breasts, amastia. sight.] Dimness of vision, partial loss of sight
Ambard's con'stant (ahm-bar') [Leo Ambard, Paris without discoverable lesion in the eye structures or
physician, contemporary.] Ureo-secretory con- the optic nerve, a. ez anop'sia, dimness of vision
stant the relation between the amount of urea in
; from non-use, occurring in the young as a result
the blood and that excreted in the urine— of cataract, refractive errors of high degree, etc.,
measure of renal activity; it is given by the which prevent accurate focusing on the retina.
formula: color a., incomplete or partial color-blindness
postmar'ital a., Bums'* amaurosis, quinine' a.,
dimness of vision caused by anemia of the retina
sometimes following large doses of quinine.
' P 55 toz'ic a., chronic retrobulbar optic neuritis caused
by tobacco, alcoholic liquors, wood alcohol,
in which Ur means the amount of urea per liter lead, arsenic, and certain other poisons, ure'mic
of blood,C the concentration of urea in the urine, a., loss of sight, without apparent lesion of the
D the urea excreted in twenty-four hours, P the retina, sometimes occurring during an attack of
weight of the patient. uremia.
am'ber [L. ambra.'] Succinum; the fossil resin of amblyopiatrics (am-ble-o"pI-at'riks) [G. iatrikos,
pine trees found in Northern Europe it becomes ; relating to medicine.] Treatment of dimness of
negatively electrified in friction. The oil is vision.
sometimes used as a stimulant antispasmodic in amblyoscope (am'ble-o-skop) [amblyo(pia) , + G.
doses of 1515—10 (0.3—0.6). skopeo, I regard.] An instrument resembling
am'bergris [Fr. ambre gris, L. ambra grisea, gray a, stereoscope, used in training the fusion
amber.] A grayish pathological secretion from sense, and habituating an amblyopic eye to
the intestine of the sperm whale; it is used as a bear its share of vision.
perfume, and has been employed as a nerve am'bo [G. ambon, edge of a dish.] The elevation
stimulant in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06—0.2). surroimding a joint cavity, such as the glenoid
ambidez'ter [L. ambi-, on both sides, + dexter, cavity; also the annular fibrocartilage producing
right.] I. Having equal facility in the use of this elevation and deepening the cavity.
both hands, j. One who can write and do other ambocep'toid. An amboceptor with only the
acts equally well with either hand. complementophil group.
embidezter'ity. The ability to use both hands with am'boceptor [L. ambo, both, +
capere, to take.]
equal ease. An antibody with two haptophore groups, cyto^
ambideztrism (am-bi-deks'trizm). Ambidexterity. phil and complementophil; the substance in
ambidez'trous. Ambidexter (i). serum which possesses an affinity for both, the
ambilat'eral [L. ambo, both, + latus, side.] Relat- complement and the bacterium, erythrocyte, or
ing to both sides. other cell upon which the latter acts, and which
ambileTOUS (am-bl-le'vus) [L. ambi-, on both sides, serves to unite the two so that the lysis or de-
+ IcBvus, left.] Awkward in the use of both struction of the cell may be effected; synonyms:
hands. intermediary body, immune body, substance sen-
ambio'pia [L. ambi-, on both sides, -1- G. dps, eye.] sibilatrice, substance fixatrice, coptda, desmon,
Diplopia. preparator, sensitizer, fixative, bacteriolyt'ic a.,
ambisinister (am-bi-sin-is'ter) [L. ambi-, on both bacteriolysin, an a. capable of causing bacteriol-
sides, + sinister, left.] Ambilevous. ysis in the presence of complement, hemolyt'ic
ambivalence am-bi-va'lens) [L.
(am-biv'a-lens, a., hemolysin, an a. capable of dissolving red

ambi-, on both sides, +

strength.]
valentia, blood-cells in the presence of complement.
The property of having equal value or power immune' a., the a. produced in serum by repeated
applied in either of two contrary directions. injections of foreign cells, nat'ural a., the a.,
ambivalent (am-biVa-lent) [L. ambi-, on both sides, present in normal serum.
-t- valere, to have power.] Of equal value or ambocep'torgen. An antigen causing the produc-
power in both directions, a. feel'lngs, emotions tion of amboceptor.
of opposite character, such as love and hate, ambomalleal (am-bo-mal'e-al) Relating to the
.

directed toward the same person. ambos, or incus, and the malleus.
Ambler Springs, South Carolina. Light alkaline- am'bon. Ambo.
calcic waters; two springs. Used for dyspepsia am'bos. Incus.
and eczematous cutaneous disorders. Amboy'na butt'on [Amboyna, one of the Spice
amblyacousia (am"bH-a,-koo'si-ah) [G. amblys, Islands in the Malay Archipelago.] Yaws
dull, +
akousis, hearing.] Slight impairment am'bra gris'ea. A homeopathic remedy prepared
of hearing. from ambergris, employed in cases marked by
amblyapliia (am-ble-af'1-ah) [G. amblys, dull -I- forgetfulness and a sense of hurry, sleeplessness
haphe, touch.] Diminution in tactile .sensibility. from worry, and muscular twitchings.
amblychromasia (am-bli-kro-ma'sl-ah) [see ambly- ambrine (am'bren) [P. from amber which it resem-
chromatic] A
condition in which, chromatin bles somewhat.] A
mixture of paraffin with
being scanty, a cell nucleus stains faintly. wax and amber, employed
resins, including oil of
amblychTomatic (am-bll-kro-mat'ik) [G. amblys, as an external application to burns and frost-
dim, + chrdmatikos, relating to color.] Staining bites,
faintly, noting especially a nucleus having but ambrosia (am-bro'zhl-ah) [G. the food of the gods.]
little chromatin. Rag-weed, Roman wormwood, the flowering tops
AMBROSIA 38 AMICRON

of Ambrosia artemisicefolia' tonic and astringent; amenomania (a-me-no-ma'ni-ah) [L. amcenus, pleas-

employed in eclectic practice inintermittents, diar- ant, +G. mania, frenzy.] Mental disorder with
rhea, hematuria, hemorrhoids, and various nerv- illusions and hallucinations of a pleasing character.
ous states, in doses of gtt. 5-10 (0.3-0^6) of the amenorrhea, amenorrhoea (a-men-6-re'ah) [G.
specific preparation of 240 grains to the ounce o- priv. -i- men, month, + rhoia, flow.] Ab-
of alcohol. The pollen causes hay fever. sence of the menses, due to other than natural
am'bulance [L. ambulare, to move about.] i. A causes such as pregnancy or advancing a.ge.
wagon used for the transportation of the sick amenorrhe'al, amenorrhe'ic.
or wounded. 2. The movable organization, Relating to, accompanied
including temporary hospital, medical and sur- by, or due to amenorrhea.
gical supplies, surgeons and nurses, and means am'ent. 1. A subject of
of transportation of the sick, accompanying an amentia. 2. Amentum.
army, and intended for first aid and the care amentia (am-en'shyah) [L.
of em rgency cases. madness, from ab, from, +
am'bulant, am'bulatory. i. Moving about; noting mens, mind.] 1. A form of

pains and other symptoms which shift about confusional insanity marked
from one place to another. 2. Walking about or especially by apathy, dis-
able to walk about; noting a patient who is not orientation, and more or les,
confined to bed with the disease from which he stupor. 2. Idiocy, a.
suffers; noting also the disease in such cases. agita'ta,a form marked by
ambustion (am-bus'chun) [L. atnburere, to scorch.] a high degree of excitement
A bum or scald. with great motor unrest and
ame'ba [G. amoibe, change.] A unicelltilar protozoan incessant hallucinations, a.
organism, of globular shape at rest, but endowed atton'ita, a form of passive
with the power of extruding pseudopodia and stupor with semiconscious-
of assuming various shapes. Many amebas are ness, disorientation,mutism,
parasitic, some pathogenic. See Amceba. immobility, and emotional
amebi'asis. Infection with pathogenic amebas. indifEerence. a. paranoi'de's, Amelus.
eme'bic. Relating to, resembling, or caused by a mild form in which de-
amebas. lusions are present, but there is only a slight
ame'bicide [L. ccsdere, to kill.] i. Destructive to clouding of consciousness.
amebas. 2 Any agent which causes the destruc- amen'tum [L. a thong.] In botany, a catkin.
tion of amebas. am'enyl. Trade name of a methylhydrastimide,
ame'biform [L. amcsba. + forma, shape.] Of the allied to hydrastin, employed as an emmenagogue
shape or appearance of an ameba. in doses of gr. -f (0.05) twice a day.
amebio'sis. Amebiasis. American Carlsbad Springs, Illinois. Svilphated-
ame'bism. Amebiasis. saline waters. Used by drinking and bathing in
amebocyte (S-me'bo-slt) [G. amoibe, ameba, -I- rheumatism, hepatic, renal, and urinary disorders,
kytos, cell.] A cell, such as a neutrophile constipation, and eczematotis affections.
leucocyte, having the power of ameboid move- America'nus Mineral Well, Michigan. Formerly
ments. called Michigan Congress Well. Alkaline-saline-
ame'boid [6. amoibe, ameba, -I- eidos, appearance.] chalybeate waters, 53° F. Used in lumbago,
I. Resembling an ameba in appearance or charac- gout, renal and urinary disorders, and acid dys-
teristics. 2. Of irregular outline with peripheral pepsia.
projections, noting the outline of a form of plate am'erism [G. a- priv. -I- meros, part.] The condition
culture; see cut under colony, i, B. or quality of not dividing into parts, segments,
ameboididity (a-me"boy-did'I-H). The power of or merozoites.
locomotion after the manner of an ameboid cell. ameris'tic. Endowed with amerism, not dividing
ame'boidism. The performance of movements into parts or segments.
similar to those of an ameba, noting a condition ametachromophil, ametachromophile (S-met-ah-
sometimes seen in certain nerve-cells. kro'mo-fil, orfil) [G. o- priv,
-I- metachromophile.]

ame'bule. Amoebula. Orthochromophile.

ameburia (am-e-bu'rl-ah) [G. ouron, tirine.] Amoe- ametaneutrophil, ametaneutrophile (a-met-ah-nu'-
buria, the presence of amebas in the urine when tro-fil, or fil) [G. o- priv. + meta, beyond, + L.
voided. neuter, neither, + G. philos, fond.] Orthoneu-
amelia (S.-mel'i-ah) [G. <j- priv. + melos, a limb.] trophile.
^

Congenital absence of the extremities. ame'tria [G. a- priv. + metra, uterus.] Congenital
Am^lie-les-Bains, Prance (a-ma-le"la-ban'). Alka- absence of the uterus.
line-sulphur waters, 71° F. to 173° F. Used ametrometer (a-m6-trom'e-tur) [ametropia + G.
by drinking and bathing in hepatic and gastro- metron, measure.] An appliance for measuring
enteric disorders, chronic catarrhal conditions, the degree of ametropia.
rheumatoid arthritis, and cutaneous affections. ametropia (a-mS-tro'pJ-ah) [G. ametros, dispropor-
The entire year. tionate, -I- ops, sight.] A condition in which
ameliflca'tion [Early E. amel, enamel, -f L. facere, there is some error of refraction in consequence of
to make.] Formation of the enamel of the teeth. which parallel rays, with the eye at rest, are not
amelioration (a-me-U-or-a'shun) [L. ad, to, + rm- focussed on the retina, but either in front of it
liorare, to make better.] Improvement; mode- (myopia) or behind it (hyperopia).
ration in the intensity of symptoms. ametro'pic. Relating to, or suffering from, ametro-
am'eloblast [Early E. amel, enamel, -I- G. hlastos. pia.
germ.] Adamantoblast. amicro'bic [G. a- priv. + microbic.] Not microbic,
am'elus [G. a- priv. + melos, limb.] A
monster not related to or caused by microorganisms.
without arms or legs. amicron, amicrone (a-mi'kron). colloid par- A
amenia (a-me'ni(-ah) [G. a- priv. +
men, month.] ticle, smaller than i^^i, smaller than
half the
Amenorrhea. wave length of the light by which it is illumin-
 ;

AMICRON 39 AMMONIUM
ated; it is unrecognizable even through the very soluble in water, combining with acids to
ultramicroscope, biit indicated only by a diffuse form a number of salts; see ammonium.
illumination in the track of the beam; distin- anuno'niac, anunoni'acum (Br.). A gum resin from
guished from microne and submicrone. a plant of western Asia, Dorema am-moniacum;
ain'ide. A substance which may be derived from stimulaM expectorant in doses of gr. 10-30
ammonia through the substitution of one or more (0.6-2.0); the mistura ammoniaci is a milky-
of the hydrogen atoms by acid or oxidized radicals looking emulsion, given in dose of Si"'
the replacement of one hydrogen atom constitutes (16.0-32.0). The drug is employed externally
a primary, that of two hydrogen atoms a second- as a counterirritant in the form of the emplas-
ary, and that of three atoms a tertiary amide. trum ammoniaci and emplastrum ammoniaci cum
am'idin. Any one of the unstable organic monacid hydrargyro.
bases, containing the group C.NH.NHj, in which ammoni'acal. Relating to ammonia or to ammo-
amidogen and imidogen are joined by the same niac.
carbon atom. ammo'niated. Containing or combined with am-
amide-. A prefix denoting a compound containing monia.
the univalent atom group, NH2; more properly ammoniemia (am-mo-nl-e'ml-ah) [ammonia + G
amino, a. acid, an acid derived from one of the haima, blood.] The presence of ammonia in the
fatty acids by the substitution of NH2 for H blood, supposed to be due to the decomposition
in a hydrocarbon group. of lu'ea; it is marked by a subnormal tempera-
amidoben'zol. Aniline. tiire, weak pulse, gastroenteric sj^mptoms, and
amidocapro'ic acid. Leucin. coma,
amidogen (aml-do-jen) [amido- + G. gennao, I ammonio-. A prefix denoting ammoniated.
produce.] The hypothetical univalent radical ammo"niofonnaI'dehyde. Hexamethylenamina.
NH2, replacing a hydrogen atom in an amido- ammo'nium. A group of atoms, NH4, which
compound. behaves as a univalent metal in forming ammo-
amidosuccinam'ic acid. Asparagin. niacal compounds it has never been obtained in
;

amid'ulin [Fr. amidon, starch.] Soluble starch, so a free state, ammo'nii ace'tas, a mild diaphoretic
rendered by boiling or treating with hydrochloric and refrigerant employed in the form of spirit of
acid. Mindererus, liquor * ammonii acetatis. ammo'nii
amim'ia [G. a- priv. + mimos, a mimic] A form of benzo'as (U.S. and Br.), amraionium benzoate,
aphasia in which the power to express one 's ideas occurs in colorless laminar crystals; stimulant,
by gestiires or signs is lost. diuretic, and antirheumatic in doses of gr. 10-30
am'ine. A substance which may be derived from (0.6-2.0). ammo'nii bro'midum (U.S. and Br.),
ammonia by the replacement of one or more of the ammonium bromide, a white crystalline hygro-
hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbon radicals the sub-; scopic powder, employed as a sedative in doses
stitution of one hydrogen atom constitutes a of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). ammo'nii carbo'nas
primary, that of two atoms a secondary, and that (U.S. and Br.), amn:ionium carbonate, a mixture
of three a tertiary amine. of carbon dioxide and ammonium carbamate,
amino-. A prefix denoting a compound containiiig occurs in white masses with ammoniacal odor;
the radical group NH,. a. -acid, an organic acid cardiac and respiratory stimiilant and expecto-
in which one of the hydrogen atoms has been rant in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.12-0.3). ammo'nii
replaced by NH2; it is one of the products of the chlo'ridum (U.S. and Br.), ammonium chloride,
hydrolysis of proteins. muriate of ammonia, sal ammoniac; a white
ain"inoace'tic acid. GlycocoU. crystalline powder; stimulant, expectorant, and
amin'ofonn. Hexamethylenamina. cholagogue in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0).
am"ino-oxypu'rin. Guanin. ammo'nii hippu'ras, ammonium hippurate, said
aminopu'rin. Adenin. to be a solvent of luratic gravel and calculi in doses
amitosis (am-i-to'sis) [G. a- priv. -t- mitosis,] Di- of gr. 5-10 (0 .
3-0 . 6). ammo'nii hypophos'phis
rect division of the nucleus and cell, without the (N.F.), ammonium hypophosphite, occurring
complicated changes in the former which occur in as colorless hexagonal plates or granular powder
the ordinary process of cell reproduction. of a bitter saline taste; employed as other hypo-
phosphites in doses of gr. 2-4 (o 13-0 26) am- . . .

mo'nii iod'idum (U.S.), ammonium iodide, a

white granular powder, very soluble in water;
employed in place of potassium iodide than
which it is less depressant; dose, gr. 2—5 (0. 12—
0.3). ammo'nii ni'tras, ammonium nitrate, a
soluble crystalline salt, used in making nitrous
oxide gas. ammo'nii phos'phas (N.F.), ammo-
nium phosphate, occurs in colorless prismatic
crystals; is supposed to be a solvent of uric acid,
and is employed as an atitilithic and antirheu-
amitot'ic. Relating to or marked by amitosis. matic in doses of gr. 10—20 (o 6—1 3). ammo'nii
.
.

Am'mon's horn [Amman, an Egyptian deity having salicyl'as (U.S.), ammonium salicylate, , white
a ram's head.] Cbmu Ammonis, hippocampus crystalline powder or colorless prisms; employed
major. ,- in rheumatism in doses of gr. 10—30 (0.6—2.0).
Ammon's opera'tion (ah'mon) [Priedrich August ammo'nii succi'nas, ammonium succinate, a crys-
V. Amman, German oculist, 1799-1861.] I. powder employed for the relief of spasmo-
talline
Blepharoplasty by transplantation from the dic pains in doses of gr. 2-5 (o. 12-0.3). ammo'-
cheek. 2. Dacryocystotomy. nii val'eras (U.S.), ammonium valerate or valeria-
ammonemia (am-mo-ne'mK-ah). Ammoniemia. nate, ammonii valerianas (U.S., 1890), colorless,
ammo'nia [Amman, an Egyptian deity, ammonia deliquescent, and effiorescent lamellar crystals;
having been obtained from camels dimg near his
'
antispasmodic and "nerve tonic," in doses of gr.
temple in Libya.] A volatile alkaline gas NH„ 10-15 (0.6-1.0).
AMMONIUM-ICHTHYOL 40 AMrnitiLiAa 1 u±in.

Bnunonium-ichthyol (am-mo'ni-um-ik'the-ol). Am- Amosbe'a [G. amoibe, change.] A subclass of

monium ichthyolsulphonate, ichthyol a reddish ; Rhizopoda having lobopodia, or blunt pseudo-
brown syrupy liquid, with a bituminous odor podia, which do not adhere on contact; the ame-
and taste, soluble in most menstrua; employed bas belong to this subclass.
as an alterative and antiseptic, in doses of gr. 2-10 amoe'boid. Ameboid.
(0.13-0.6), and locally in the treatment of skin amoebula (a-me'bu-lah) [dim. of amceba.] 1.
diseases. A minute ameba; specifically an ameboid
ammoniu'ria [G. ouron, urine.] The passage of swarm-spore, pseudopodiospore, a swarm-spore
ammoniacal urine. resembling the parent cell in all particulars
am'monol. An analgesic powder said to contain except size; contrasted with flagellula. 2.
acetanilide, sodium bicarbonate, and ammonium Schizont.
carbonate. amok' [native word.] A psychic disturbance affect-
anunofher'apy [G. ammos, sand, + therapeia, treat- ing members of the Malay race, in which the
ment.] The therapeutic employment of sand- subject becomes acutely maniacal and runs
baths. through the streets with knife drawn ("running
amne'sia forgetfulness.]
[G. Loss of memory; amok"), striking blindly at any one he meets;
specificallyamnesic aphasia, inability to recall also written amuck.
the name of an object or other word wanted to Amo'mum [G. amomon, an Indian spice plant.]
express an idea, an'terograde a., a. in reference A genus of herbaceous plants of the natural order
to events occurring after the establishment of Scitaminew; cardamom and grains of paradise
the present condition, au'ditory a., word-deaf- are obtained from species of Amomum.
ness, lacu'nar a., a. in reference to isolated amoralia (a-mo-ra'U-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- L. moralis,
events; not a total loss of memory, re'trograde moral.] Moral imbecility.
u., a. in reference to events occurring before the amoralis (a-m6-ra'lis) [G. a- priv. -I- L. moralis,
attack leading to the present condition, tac'tile moral.] A moral imbecile.*
a., astereognosis. vis'ual a., inability to recall omcr'phia, amorph'ism [G. a- priv. + morphe, form.]
to mind the appearance of objects which have The condition of being amorphous or without
been seen or to recognize printed words. definite shape.
amne'sic. Relating to or affected with amnesia; amor'phous. 1. Without definite shape. 2. Not
forgetful. crystallized.
amniochorial, amniochorionic (am"nI-o-ko'ri-aI, amor'phus An acardiac monster without limbs
am"id-o-ko-rl-on'ik). Relating to both amnion or other recognizable features.
and chorion. amotio retinse (4-mo'shyo ret'i-ne) [L. amovere, to
ain"iiioclep'sis [G. klepto, I do secretly.] The move from.] Detachment of the retina.
gradual, unperceived escape of the liquor amnii. ampelop'sin. A preparation made from ampelop-
amnio'ma. A
broad flat tumor of the skin due to sis; employed as a tonic astringent in doses of
the antenatal adhesion of the amnion. gr. 2-4 (0.12-0.25).
am'nion [G.] The inner of the membranes com- Ampelop'sis [G. ampelos, vine, -I- opsis, appear-
posing the sac, bag of waters, which envelops the ance.] A genus of climbing plants, of the
fetus in the uterus. It consists of two layers, an natural order Vitncecs. A. quinquefolia, Vir-
inner or epiblastic, the true amnion, and an outer ginia creeper, the herbage of which has been used
or mesoblastic, the false amnion. The latter, as a tonic expectorant in doses of 5i— i (2.0-
which is in contact with the chorion, either unites 4 o) of a fluidextract.
.

with that or disappears. The sac lined by the am"pelother'apy [G. ampelos, grape vine, + thera-
amnion contains the liquor amnii in which the peia, treatment.] The grape-cure.
fetus floats. amperage (ahm-per'aj). The strength of an elec-
amnion'ic. Relating to the amnion, amniotic. tric current.
anmiorrhea, amniorrhoea (am-nl-or-re'ah) [G. rhoia, ampere (ahm-per') [Andr6 Marie Ampire, French
flux, flow.] The premature escape of liquor physicist, 1775-1836.] Unit of strength of an
amnii. electrical current, representing a current having
anmio'sis. Amniotitis. a force of one volt and passing through a conduc-
amniote (am'nl-ot). One of the higher vertebrates, tor with a resistance of one ohm.
the embryo or fetus of which is provided with an Ampere's pos'tulate. Avogadro's* postulate.
amnion. amperemeter (ahm-per'me-ter) [G. metron, measure.]
anmiot'ic. Relating to the amnion, amnionic, a. An apparatus for measuring the amperage of an
flu'id, liquor amnii. electric current.
amniotitis (am"nI-o-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of amphiarthro'dial. Relating to amphiarthrosis.
the amnion, sometimes associated with dropsy of amphiarthro'sis [G. amphi, on both sides, -t- arthro-
the amnion. sis, joint.] Mixed articulation, half- joint; one in
amniotome (am'nK-o-tom) [G. amnion +
tome, which the opposing ends of the bones, tipped with
cutting.] An instrument for puncturing the hyaline cartilage, are united by fibrous or fibro-
fetal membranes. cartilaginous material, with an incomplete joint
amnitis (am-ni'(ne')tis). Amniotitis. cavity in its center, allowing of partial movement;
Amoeba, gen. and pi. Amoe'biB [G amoibe, change.] as the articulations of the bodies of the vertebrae
A genus of unicellular protozoan organisms of amphias'ter [G. amphi, on both sides, + aster, star.]
microscopic size, existing in nature in large num- The double star, a figure formed of the chromatin
bers and many living as parasites; some species of the nucleus during mitosis.
are pathogenic for man. A. co'U, Enlamwba colt. amphib'ia [G. amphibios, leading a double life.]
A. dentaliSf Entamoeba buccalis. A. dysente'- A class of vertebrates which live both in the
rite, Eniamaba histolytica. A. pro'teus, a non- water and on land.
parasitic form, remarkable for the number and amphib'ious. Capable of living both on land and
varied shapes of its pseudopodia. A. urogenlta'- in water.
lis, a non-pathogenic form occasionally found in amphiblas'tula. A morula formed by unequal
the vaginal secretions or in the urine. segmentation, as occurs in the human ovum.
AMPHIBLESTRITIS 41 AMPULLA

amphiblestritis (am-fe-bles-tri'(tre')tis) [G.amphi- am"phoal'bumose [G. ampho, both.] Deuteroal-

blesiron, fishnet (retina), +
-ids.'] Retinitis. bumose.
amphiblestrodes (ain"fi-bles-tro'dez) [G. amphi- amphochromatophil, amphochromatophile (am-fo-
blestroeides, net-like.] The retina. kro-mat'o-fil, am-fo-kro-mat'o-fil). Amphophil.
amphibo'Ua [G. uncertainty.] A stage in the course amphochromophil, {unphochromophile (am-fo-kro'-
of a disease in which the outcome appears mo-fil, or fil) [G. ampho, both, + chroma, color, -H
uncertain. philos, fond.] Amphophil.
amphibol'ic [G. amphibolos, doubtful.] Ambiguous, ani"phodiplo'pia [G ampho, both, -I- diploos, double,
uncertain, a. fls'tula, see fistula, a. pe'riod or -H dps, vision.] Double vision in each of the two
stage, the critical period of a disease when the eyes.
outcome is uncertain. ani"phopep'tone [G. ampho, both.] The first pep-
amphib'olism. Amphibolia. tone formed by the tryptic digestion of protein;
amphib'olous. Amphibolic. it is identical with the peptone of gastric digestion
amphicelous, amphicoelous (am-fl-se'Ius) [G. amphi, and is further split into antipeptohe and hemi-
on both sides, + koilos, hollow.]
, Biconcave, peptone.
concave at each end, as the body of a vertebra of amphophil, amphophile (am'fo-fil, or fil) [G. ampho,
a fish. both, -H philos, fond.] i. Having an affinity
amphicen'tric [G. amphi, on both sides, + kentron, equally for acid and for basic dyes, noting certain
center.] Centering at both ends, said of a rete cells and tissues. ^. A cell which stains readily
mirabile which begins by the vessel breaking up with either acid or basic dyes, a.-bas'ophil,
into a number of branches and ends by the slightly a., but with a preponderant affinity for
branches joining again to form the same vessel. basic dyes, a.-ox'yphil, slightly a., but with a
amphichroic (am-fl-kro'ik) [G. amphi, on both sides, preponderant affinity for acid dyes.
+ chroa, color.] Amphichromatic. amphophil'ic, amphoph'ilous. Amphophil (i).
amphiclironiatic (am"fl-kro-mat'ik) [G. amphi, on amphor'ic [L. amphora, a jar.] Noting the sound
both sides, +
chroma, color.] Having the made by blowing across the mouth of a bottle, a.
property of turning red litmus paper blue and les'onance, cavernous resonance; a hollow sound
blue litmus paper red, or of reacting both as an obtained by percussing over a pulmonary cavity,
alkali and as an acid; having an amphoteric the pitch depending upon the size of the cavity.
reaction. a. respira'tion, a blowing respiratory sound heard
amphicra'nia [G. amphi, on both sides, + kranion, on ausculatation over a pxilmonary cavity.
skull.] Double hemicrania, neuralgic pain on a. voice, a. whis'per, a sound having a hollow,
both sides of the head. blowing character heard on auscultation over a
am"phicreat'inine. A leucomaine, CgHnNjOj, pulmonary cavity when the patient speaks or
formed in muscular tissue. whispers.
amphicytula (am-fi-si'tu-lah). The parent cell, amphoricity (am-for-isl-tl). A condition in which
or impregnated ovum, in man and other mammals, amphoric sounds are obtained on auscultation or
in which unequal segmentation of the vitellus percussion.
occurs amphoriloquy (am-for-il'o-kwl) [L. loqui, to speak ]
amphidiarthrosis (am-fl-di"ar-thro'sis). formA The presence of the amphoric voice sound.
(rf articulation combining amphiarthrosis and amphoroph'ony [G. amphoreus, a jar, + phone,
diarthrosis, as that of the mandible or lower jaw. voice.] The amphoric voice sound.
amphigas'trula. The mammalian ovtun iii the late amphoter'ic [G. amphoteroi, both.] Having two
gastrula stage resulting from uneven segmenta- opposite characteristics; see amphichromatic. a.
tion of the vitellus. reac'tion, a double reaction possessed by certain
amphileucemic, amphileukemic (ani-fI-lu-s'e'(or ke') fluids, such as freshly drawn milk, which turns
mik) [G. amphi, on both sides, + leucemic] blue litmus paper red and red litmus paper
Noting a leucemic state in which the hyperleuco- blue.
cytosis corresponds in degree to the organ changes. amphof'erodiplo'pia [G. amphoteroi, both, -f-

am"phinu'crobe [G. amphi, on both sides.] A diploos double, -f- dps, vision.] Amphodiplopia.
microorganism which is either aerobic or anaer- amphotiopin (am-£o-tro'pin). Trade name of hexa-
obic according to the environment. methylene tetramine camphorate.
amphimiz'is [G. amphi, on both sides, -I- mixis, ain"plifica'tion [L. amplificare, to enlarge.] An
mingling.] Union of the paternal and maternal enlargement of the visual area in microscopy or
chromatin after impregnation of the ovum. telescopy.
am"phinior'ula. The morula in the mammalian amplifier (am'pll-fi-er). vA concavoconvex lens
ovum in which the composing cells are not equal. between the eyepiece and objective in a micro-
amphinucle'olus [G. amphi, on both sides, -t- nucle- scope.
olus.} Caryosome. amplitude (am'pll-tud). Largeness, extent, a. of
amphipyrenin (am"fl-pi'ren-in) [G. amphi, on both accommoda'tion, the total amount of accommoda-
sides, -H pyren, the pit of a fruit.] A basophile tion between that necessary for distinguishing
substance forming the nuclear membrane of a objects near at hand and for distant vision.
cell. ampoule (ahm-pool') [F.] Ampule (a).
Amphis'toma. Amphistomum. ampule (am'pul) [L. ampulla, a small more or less
Amphis'toxnum hom'inis [G. amphi, on both sides, ovoid vessel.] i. Ampulla. 2. A minute sealed
-I- stoma, mouth; L. homo, gen. hominis, man.] flask containing usually one dose of a solution
. Gastrodiscus hominis for hypodermic use; ampoule.
amphithe'cium [G. amphi, about, + theke, box.] ampulla, gen. and pi. ampul'la [L. a flask.] A
In botany, the peripheral layer of cells enveloping sacciilar dilatation of a canal, as is seen in the
the endothecium. semicircular canals of the ear, or the lactiferous
amphitrichous (am-fit'ri-kus) [G. amphi, on both ducts of the mammary gland, a. chyli, cistema
sides, -I- thrix{trich-), hair.] Having a flagellum chyli. n. duc'tus deferen'tis [BNA], ampulla
or flagella at both extremities, noting certain of the vas deferens, the dilatation of the duct
microorganisms. when it approaches its fellow just before it is
AMPULLA 42 AMPUTATION

joined by the duct of the seminal vesicle, a. movement to an artificial limb, cir'cular a.,

duG'tus lacrima'lis, ampulla of the lacrymal duct- one performed by a circular incisioi? through
a slight dilatation in the lacrymal duct just be- the skin, the muscles being similarly divided
yond the punctum. a. duode'ni, papilla duo- higher upi and the bone higher still, coat-
deni. a. lactif'era, a dilatation of a milk duct sleeve a., one in which there is one long skin
just below the nipple, sinus lactiferus. a. flap folded over the stump, congen'ital a.,
membrana'cea, membranous ampulla, a nearly one produced in utero by the pressure of adven-
spherical enlargement of one end of each of titious constricting bands, diclas'tic a., one per-
the three semicircular ducts, where they con- formed without the knife or saw, the bone being
nect with the utricle, a. os'sea, osseous
ampulla, a circumscribed dilatation of one ex-
tremity of each of the three semicircular canals.
u. rec'ti, a, dilated portion of the rectum just
above the anal canal, a. tu'boe uteri'nse, the
wide portion of the Fallopian tube near the fim-
briated extremity. Bry'ant's a., Galen's a.,
Hen'le's a., Lie'berkuehn's a., Tho'ma's a., Va'ter's
a., see the proper names, u^terine a., one of the
dilatations of the horns of the gravid uterus in
the bitch, containing the fetuses.
ampul'lar. Relating in any sense to an ampulla.
a. preg'nancy, tubal pregnancy situated near the
fimbriated extremity. Tarsal Amputations: i, Chopart's: 2, Mackenzie's.
ampullitis (am-pul-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of any broken and the soft tissues bitten off with an
ampiilla, especially of the dilated extremity of the
^craseur. doub'le flap a., one in which a flap is
vas deferens.
cut from the soft parts on either side of the limb.
ampullula (am-pul'u-lah) [dim. of L. ampulla.]
dry a., bloodless a. ellip'tical a., a circular a. in
A
circumscribed dilatation of any minute lym-
which the sweep of the knife is not exactly vertical
phatic or blood-vessel or duct.
to the axis of the limb, the outline of the cut
amputa'tion [L. amputatio; ambi, around, -H
surface being therefore elliptical, excen'tric a.,
putare, to prune.] I. The cutting off of a limb or
one in which the line of union of the flaps does not
part of a limb, the breast, or other projecting
run across the end of the stump, flap a., one in
part. (For amputations named after the oper- which flaps of the muscular and cutaneous tissues
ators, Chopart's, Lisfranc's, PirogofE's, etc., see
are made to cover the end of the bone, inune'-
the proper names and the illustrations.) 2. In
dentistry, the removal of the apical portion of
the root of a tooth by means of the dental
bur. a. by transfix'ion, one performed by
transfixing the soft parts with a long knife and

Tarsal Amputation: i-i Lines of incisionfor Lisfranc's;

,

2-2, Pirogoff's; 3-3, Syme's amputation.

diate a., one necessitated by irreparable injury to

the limb, which is performed within twelve hours
after the injury, interme'diate a., one performed
during the period of reaction from shock, and, in
the older days, before the period of inevitable
suppuration. interpel"viabdom'inal a.., a. of the
thigh with removal of the corresponding lateral
A, Racket Incision for Amputation op the Hip. half of the pelvis; Jaboulay's operation, inter-
B, Incision for Garden's, Gritti's, and Stokes'
Amputations. The insert shows the lines of section of scap"ulothorac'ic a., a. of the arm with removal
the femur for (i) Garden's, (2) Gritti's, and (3) Stokes' of the scapula and a portion of the clavicle on the
operations, same 'side, kineplas'tic a., kinetoplas'tic a., one
in which the formation of the stump is made with
cutting the flap or flaps frofn within outward. regard to the subsequent fitting of an artificial
a. in contigu'ity, disarticulation, a. through a limb, ma'jor a., a. of the lower or upper extrem-
joint, a. in continu'ity, a. through a segment ity above the ankle or the wrist respectively.
of a limb, not at a joint, bloodless a., one mediotar'sal a., a. of the fore part of the foot
in which, by means of an Esmarch* bandage through the tarsal region, Chopart's a. mi'nor
or some other appliance, the escape of blood a., a. of a hand or foot or any of its parts, mul'-
from the cut surfaces is slight, cen'tral a., tiple a., a. of two or more limbs or parts of limbs
one in which the flaps are so united that the performed at the same operation, osteoplas'tic
cicatrix runs across the end of the stump. a., an a., such as several through the tarsus, in
chop a., a,, by a circular cut through soft parts which the cut surface of another bone is brought
and bone without flaps, cinemat'ic a., one in apposition with the one primarily divided so
leaving a muscular stump adapted to impart that the two unite, thus giving a better stump.
AMPUTATION 43 AMYLEMIA
o'val a., one in which the flaps are obtained by amygdaline (i-mig'dah-len, or lin). i. Relating to
oval incisions through the skin and muscles. an almond. 2. Relating to a tonsil, especially to
patholog'isal a., one necessitated by cancer or the brain structure called amygdala or amygdaloid
other disease of the limb and not by an injury. nucleus, a. fis'sure, incisura temporalis, a fissure
pri'mary a., intermediate a. rack'et a., a circular on the ventral aspect of the temporal lobe near its
or slightly oval a., in which a long incision is made pole.
in the axis of the limb, rectan'gular a., one in amygdalitis (am-ig-dal-i'(e')tis) [G. amygdale, tonsil,
which the flaps are fashioned in this shape, root + -itisi] Tonsillitis, inflammation of a tonsil.
a., removal of the apical portion of the root of a amyg'daloid [G. amygdale, almond, + eidos, appear-
tooth, sec'ondary a., one performed some time ance.] Resembling an almond or a tonsil, a.
after an injury when suppuration has set in nu'cleus, amygdala (3). a. tu'bercle, a projec-
sponta'neous a., congenital a. subastrag'alar a., tion from the roof of the middle, or descending,
a. of the foot in which only the astragalus is re- comu of the lateral ventricle, marking the loca-
tained, Malgaigne's a. subperios'teal a., one in tion of the a. nucleus.
which the periosteum is stripped back from the amygdalolith amygdale,
(a.-mig'da.-lo-lith) [G.
bone and replaced afterward, forming a periosteal almond (tonsil), -t- calcareous
lithos, stone.] A
flap overthe cut end. syn'chronous a., a. of two concretion in a distended crypt of the tonsil;
parts performed at the same time by two operators. tonsillar calculus.
amuck'. Amok. amygdalop'athy [G. amygdale, almond (tonsil), +
amusia (S-mu'sI-ah) [G. a- priv. -1- mousa, music] pathos, suffering.] Any disease of a tonsil;
A form of aphasia characterized by loss of the especially adenoid vegetations.
faculty of musical expression. amyg"daloph'eniii. Amygdophenin.
Amussat's opera'tion (am-u-sa') [Jean Zul6ma amygdalothrypsis (a-mig"dal-o-thrip'»is) [G. amyg-
Amussat, French surgeon, 1796— 1856.] Lumbar dale, tonsil, + thrypsis, a crushing.] Crushing an
colostomy in the ascending colon, for the forma- hypertrophied tonsil by a strong flat-bladed
tion of an artificial anus. A.'s probe, a probe forceps followed by excision of the crushed por-
used for locating and steadying the stone in tion.
lithotrity. A.'s valves, Heister's valves. amyg'dalotome [G. amygdale, tonsil, -f tome, a.
amychophobia (S-mi-ko-fo'bl-ah) [G. amyche, a cutting.] Tonsillotome, an instrument for cut-
scratch, +phobos, fear.] Amorbid fear of being ting off a portion of a tonsil.
scratched or of claws (as of a cat for example). amygdalot'omy. Tonsillotomy, excision of a por-
a]ny"elencepha'lia [G. a- priv. +
myelos, marrow, tion of a tonsil.
+ enhephalos, brain.] Absence of both brain and Amygdalus (S.-mig'da-lus) [G. amygdale, almond.]
spinal cord. A genus of plants of the order Rosacece; the
amyelencephalic, amyelencephalous (a-mi"el-en-se- almonds, more correctly included in the genus
fal'ik, a-mi"el-en-sef'a-lus).' Without brain or Prunus.
spinal cord. amygdoph'enin. Phenetidin amygdalate; a com-
amyelenceph'alus. A monster without brain or pound para-amidophenol
of and mandelic
spinal cord. (amygdalic) acid; occurs in white slightly soluble
amyelia (am"i-el'I-ah) [G. a- priv. + myelos, mar- crystals; recommended in neuralgia and rheu-
row.] Absence of the spinal cord. matism in doses of gr. 7-^—15 (0.5—1.0).
amyelic, amyelous (am-i-el'ik, a-mi'el-us). With- amyl (am'il) [G. amylon, starch, -|- hyle, material.]
out spinal cord. A hypothetical univalent radical, CsHn, non-
amyelinic (am-i-el-ln'ik) [G. a- priv.] Without a existent in the free state, a. al'cohol, fusel oil,
medullary sheath or without myelin. CjHijO. a. chlo'ride, a colorless
fluid, CjHuCl,-
amyeloic (a-mi-el-o'ik). Amyelonic. possessing anesthetic properties, a. hy'drate, a.
amyelonic (a-mi-S-lon'ik) [G. a- priv. -f- myelos, alcohol, a. hy'dride, pentane. a. i'odide, io-

marrow.] i. Amyelic. 2. Without bone-mar- damyl, a yellowish liquid, C5H11I, employed by

row. 3. Without participation of the bone- inhalation in cardiac disturbances and dyspnea.
marrow, therefore purely lymphatic; a term a. ni'tris (Br.), am'ylis ni'tris (U.S.), amyl nitrite,
used in hematology. CjHuNOj; a yellowish very volatile liqiiid of
amyelotrophy (S-mi-el-ofro-fi). Myelatrophy. 80 per cent, strength; motor depressant and vaso-
amyelus (a-mi'e-lus) [G. o- priv. + myelos, dilator; dose by inhalation nji-s (0.06-0.3), in-
marrow.] A monster without spinal cord. ternally or hypodermicallynji-a (0.06-0.12). a.
amygdala (a-mig'dah-lah) [G. amygdala, almond.] sal'icylate, resembles methyl salicylate and is used
I. Tonsil, a. A lobule on the under surface of instead of it as an application to the affected
the cerebellum, tonsilla cerebelli. 3. A nugget- joints in rheumatism, a. val'erate, a. vale'rianate,
like mass of gray matter in the anterior portion of am'ylis val'eras or valerian'as, apple oil, a volatile
the temporal lobe, in the roof of the apex of the liquid, employed in the treatment of gallstones
medicomu, amygdaloid nucleus 4. Almond, the because of its solvent action on cholesterin; dose,
ripe seed of Amygdalus communis, a. accesso'- gr. i-s (0.06-0.3).
ria, lingual tonsil, tonsilla* lingualis. a. ama'ra amyla'ceous [L. amylum, starch.] Starchy.
(Br.), bitter almond, the seed of Prunus amyg- amylamine (am-il-am'en) i. A colorless liquid,
.

dalus, var. amara. a. cerebell'i, amygdala (2) C6H11NH2, obtained in various ways, found
a. dtil'cis (U.S.), sweet almond, the seed of sometimes in codUver oil. 2. One of a series
Prunus amygdalus, var. dulcis. of amino-compounds of amyl, in which one or
amygdalectomy (a-mig-dah-lek'to-mi) [G. amyg- more atoms of H
in the ammonia are replaced
dale, tonsil, + ektome, excision.] Tonsillec- by a corresponding number of molecules of
tomy; excision or entire removal- of a tonsil. the amyl radical.
amygdalin (S-mig'dah-lin). Aglucoside, of bitter amylase (am'i[-laz) [G. amylon, fine meal, starch, -I-
taste, in bitter almond and in cherry-laurel leaves; -ase.] A starch-splitting or amylolytic enzyme,
the addition of emulsin to a solution of amygdalin which causes hydrolytic cleavage of the starch
splits the latter up into oil of bitter ahnond and
molecule.
hydrocyanic acid. amylemia (am-K-le'mJ-ah) [G. amylon, starch, +
AMYLEMIA 44
ANACATHARSIS

haima, blood.] The hypothetical presence of muscle, + sthenos, strength.] Muscular weak-
starch in the circulating blood. ness, myasthenia.
amylene (am'i-len). A colorless hquid hydrocarbon, amyosthen'ic. Relating to or causing muscular
C(H,„ formed by the decomposition of amyl weakness.
alcohol; it has anesthetic properties, a. chlo'ral, amyotaxia (am-i-o-tak'sl-ah) [G. a- priv. + mys-
dormiol, dimethylethyl carbinol-chloral, an oily {myo-), muscle, -I- taxis, order.] Muscular
liquid possessing hypnotic properties in doses of ataxia.
a. hy'drate, dimethylethyl car- amyotonia (am-i-o-to'ni-ah) [G. a- priv. 4- mys-
1515-30 (0.3-2.0).
binol, tertiary amyl alcohol a colorless pungent
; (myo-), muscle, + tonos, tone.] Myatonia, a lack
liquid possessing hypnotic properties in doses of of muscular tone. a. congen'ita, myatonia con-

njl3o-6o (2.0-4.0). genita, Oppenheim's disease, congenital atonic

amyl'enol. Amyl salicylate. pseudoparalysis, a form of muscular dystrophy of
amyl'ic. Relating to amyl. a. al'cohol, amyl congenital origin, but neither familial nor hered-
alcohol,* fusel oil. a. fermenta'tion, fermentation itary.
of potato or com mash, or other starchy material, amyotrophic (am-i-o-trof'ik). Relating to muscu-
by which fusel oil is produced. lar atrophy, a form of pro-
a. lat'eral sclero'sis,
amylin (am^-lin). The cellulose of starch, the gressive muscular atrophy with increased reflexes
insoluble envelope of starch-grains. and spastic irritability of the muscles, due to
am'ylis. Genitive of amyl. sclerosis of the lateral columns of the spinal cord.
Bm"ylobac'ter. A bacterial organism containing amyotrophy (am-i-ot'ro-fl) [G. a- priv. + mys(myo-),
starch. muscle, 4- trophe, nourishment.] Musciilar wast-
amylodez'trin. A soluble substance, coloring yel- ing or atrophy, progres'sive spi'nal a., progres-
low with iodine, formed as an intermediate product sive muscular atrophy.*
during the change of starch into sugar. amyous (am'i-us) [G. o- priv. + mys(m-yo-), muscle.]
amylodyspepsia (am"i-lo-dis-pep'sI-ah). Inability to Lacking in muscular tissue, or in muscular
digest starchy food. strength.
am'yloform. Trade name of a white, odorless, amyxorrhea, amyzorrhoea (il-mik-sor-re'ah) [G.
insoluble powder, made by adding a strong solu- a- priv. -t- myxa, mucus, -f- rhoia, flow.] Ab-
tion of formaldehyde to a weak suspension of sence of the normal secretion of mucus,
starch in water; recommended as a substitute for ana. A distributive Greek preposition, meaning
iodoform. of each; used in prescription writing,^ usually
am"ylogen'ic [G. amylon, starch, -I- gennad, I in the abbreviated form aa, or more correctly aa.
produce.] Producing starch, a. bod'y, amylo- anab'asis [G. a going up.] The stage of increase in a
plast. disease.
am'yloid [G- amylon, starch, + eidos, resemblance.] anabat'ic. Relating to the anabasis of a disease;
A glycoprotein occurring as a pathological infiltra- increasing in severity.
tion in the kidneys, liver, and other organs and anabio'sis [G. ana, again, +
biosis, life.] Resus-
as a granular deposit in serous membranes, a. citation after apparent death.
degenera'tion, see under degeneration. anabiot'ic. i. Resuscitating, restorative. 2. Are-
amyloido'sis. Generalized amyloid infiltration, a vivifying remedy, a powerful stimulant.
deposit of amyloid in many organs and tissues. anabol'ergy [G. anaboli, a building up, ergon, +
amylol'ysis [G. amylon, starch, +
lysis, solution.] work.] The amount of energy consumed in the
The change of starch into sugar. process of anabolism.
ani"ylolyt'ic. Causing the conversion of starch into anabol'ic. Relating to or promoting anabolism, or
sugar. constructive metabolism.
am'yloplast [G. amylon, starch, +
plastes, a former.] anab'olin. Any substance formed as a result of the
Amylogenic body, leucoplastid; a granule in the anabolic processes.
protoplasm of a vegetable cell which is the center anabolism (an-ab'o-lizm) [G. anabole, a raising
of a starch-forming process. up.] Constructive metabolism; the process
amylop'sin [G. amylon, starch, -H opsis, appearance.] of assimilation of nutritive matter and its
A diastatic enzyme, resembling ptyalin, present conversion into living substance.
in the pancreatic juice; it converts starch into anacamp'tic. In optics or acoustics, reflecting or
maltose. reflected.
amylose (am'J-loz). One of the three groups of the anacamp'tics [G. anakampto, I bend back.] The
carbohydrates, which contains starch, dextrin, study of reflection of sound or light.
and cellulose; the other groups are glucose and sac- anacamptom'eter [G. anakampsis, reflection, +
charose. metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring
amylum (am'i-lum) [L.] (U.S. and Br.) Starch; the intensity, or lack of it, of the deep reflexes.
in U.S. cornstarch obtained from seed of Anacar'dium [G. ana, according to, + kardia, heart,
Zea mays; in Br. this or starch from wheat, noting the heart shape of the fruit.] A genus
Triticum sativum, or rice, Oryza saliva; a white of shrubs and trees growing in tropical America, of
powder used as a dusting powder or as an the natural order Anacardiacea. A. occidenta'le,
excipient. a. ioda'tum, iodized starch, made the cashew-tree, furnishes the so-called cashew-
of starch, 95 parts, and iodine, 5 parts; employed nut, the kernel of the drupe of the fruit.
as an alterant in doses of gr. 30—60 (2.0-4.0). anacatadidymus (an"ah-kat"ah-did'i-mus) [G. ana,
amylu'ria [G. amylon, starch, -t- ouron, urine.] up, + kaia, down, -I- didymos, twin.] A double
The presence of starch in the urine when voided. monster united in the middle but separated above
amyocardia (am-i-o-kar'dl-ah) [G. a- priv. -|- and below.
Tnys, muscle, -f- kardia^ heart.] Myasthenia anacatesthesia (an"ah-kat"es-the'zl-ah) [G. ana,
cordis, weakness of the heart muscle. up, + kata, down, -1- aisthesis, sensation.] A
amyostasia (am-i-o-sta'sl-ah) [G. o" priv. -I- mys, hovering sensation.
muscle, -I- stasis, standing.] Difficulty in stand- anacatharsis (an"ah-ka-thar'sis) [G. ana, up, -I-
ing, due to muscular tremor or incoordination. katharsis, cleansing.] Severe and long-continued
amyosthenia (am-i-os-the'ni-ah) [G a- priv. -I- mys. vomiting.
ANACATHARTIC 45 ANAMIRTIN

anacatbar'tic. Causing anacatharsis emetic. ; from the upper level of the levatores ani muscles
anacidity (an"a-sid'i-tl) [G. an- priy.] Absence o£ to the anal orifice; (2) a temporary opening
acidity, noting especially absence of hydrochloric in the primitive anus. a. re'flez, contraction
acid in the gastric juice. of the internal sphincter gripping the finger
anaclasim'eter [G. anaklasis, reflection, metron, + passed into the rectum.
measvire.] An instrument for measuring the analep'tic [G. analeptikos, restorative.] i.
refraction of the media of the eye. Strengthening, invigorating, a. A restorative
anac'lasis [G. bending back, reflection.] i. Reflec- remedy.
tion of light or sound. 2. Refraction of the analep'tol. Trade name of a tonic composed of
ocular media. 3. Forcible flexion of a joint cinchona, coca, nux vomica, and phosphorus.
to break up the adhesions in fibrous ankylosis. analgen, (an-al'jen) [G. an- priv. +
algos, pain.)
anacrot'ic. Anadicrotic. Orthoethoxy - anamonobenzoyl-amidoquinoline,
anac'rotism. Anadicrotism. labordin, quinalgen; colorless, tasteless, crystal-
anacu'sis [G. an- priv. +
akousis, hearing.] Total line powder, insoluble in water; antipyretic and
deafness. analgesic in doses of gr. 8-15 (0.5—1.0).
anade'nia [G. an- priv. +
aden, gland.] Absence analgesia (an-al-je'zl-ah) [G. an- priv. + algos, pain. ]
of glands, or abeyance of glandular function. Loss of sensibility to pain. a. al'gera, spon-
anadicrotic (an-ah-di-krot'ik) [G. ana, up, dikrotos, + taneous pain in a part, associated with loss of
double beating.] Noting a. sphygmographic response to a painful stimiilus. a. doloro'sa, a.
tracing in which two beats are marked on the algera.
ascending line. analge'sic. Analgetic.
anadic'rotism. The condition marked by a double anal'gesin. Antipyrina.
beat on the ascending line of the sphygmographic analget'ic. Analgesic. 1. Causing analgesia or
tracing. freedom from pain. 2. Apain-stilling remedy.
anadidymus (an-ah-did'i-mus) [G. ana, up, + didy- anal'gia [G. an- priv. + algos, pain.] Freedom from
mos, twin.] A double monster, united below but pain.
separated above. anal'gic. Without pain.
anatUp'sia [G- ana, intensive, + dipsa, thirst.] Ex- anallergic (an-al-lur'jik). Not allergic, not pro-
treme thirst. ducing super-sensitiveness or anaphylaxis; noting
anae'mia [an- priv. -t- haima, blood.] Anemia. a serum possessing this negative quality. "

anae'mic. Anemic. analogue (an'i-log) [G. analogos, conformable.]

anaerobe (an-a'er-ob) [G. an- priv. + aer, air, + One of two organs or parts in different species of
bios, way of A
microorganism which
living.] animals or plants which differ more or less in
thrives best or only when deprived of oxygen. structure or development but are more or less
anaerobian (an-a-er-oTDi-an). i. Thriving with- similar in function.
out air or oxygen, having the characteristics of analysis, pi. anal'yses (an-al'i-sis) [G. a, releasing,
an anaerobe. 2. An anaerobe. dissolving.] The decomposition or breaking up of
anaerobic (an-a-er-o'bik). Relating to an anaerobe, a chemical compound into its simpler elements; a
anaerobian. process by which the natiure of a substance, is
anaerobion, pi. anaerobia (an-a-er-o'bl-on) Anae- . recognized and its chemical composition deter-
robe. mined, colorimet'ric a., determination of structure
anaerobiosis (an-a-er-o-bi-o'sis) Existence in an by means of chromatic reactions, densimet'ric a.,
oxygen-free atmosphere. estimation of the amount of solids in a solution by
anaerobious (an-a-er-o'bl-us). Anaerobic, living the specific gravity, gravimefric a., quantita-
without oxygen. tive a. by weighing separately each constituent,
anaerophyte (an-a'er-o-fit) [G. an- priv. -t- aer, air, as such or in the form of a compound of known
+ phyton, plant.] i. A plant which grows gravimetric constitution, prox'imate a., the
without air. 2. An anaerobic bacterium. resolution of a substance into its secondary princi-
anaeroplasty (an-a'er-o-plas-tl) [G. an- priv. -I- ples, as of a salt into the acid and the base which
aer, air, + plasso, I form.] Treatment of form it; opposed to ultimate a. qual'itative a., the
wounds by exclusion of air. determination of the nature of the elements enter-
ansesthe'sia [G. an- priv. + aisthesis, sensation.] ing into the composition of any substance, quan'-
Loss of the tactile or other sense see anesthesia.
;
titatiye a., the determination of the amount, as
anaes'thesin. Anesthesin. well as the nature, of each of the elements com-
anaesthet'ic. Anesthetic. posing a substance, spec'trum a., determination
anagen'esis [G. ana, up, + genesis, production.] of the components of a gas by means of the spec-
Repair of tissue reconstruction of lost parts.
;
troscope, ul'timate a., the resolution of a sub-
anagnosasthenia (an"ag-no-sas-the'nI-ah) [G. anag- stance into the various elements composing it;
nosis, reading, -f astheneia, weakness.] A form of opposed to proximate a. volumet'ric a., quantita-
neurasthenia in which the attempt to read causes tive a. by the addition of graduated amounts of a
distressing symptoms. standard test solution to a solution of a known
an'agraph [G. anagraphs, a writing out.] Prescrip- weight of the substance analyzed, until the reac-
tion. tion is just at an end.
anagyrine (an-aj'i-ren). An alkaloid from Anagy- an'alyst. One who is skilled in making analyses.
a leguminous shrub of the Mediter- analyt'ic. 1. Relating to analysis in any sense.
ris fcetida,
having properties somewhat 2. Noting a language in which there are few
ranean region,
a. hydrobro'mide, occurs inflections, prepositions and auxiliary words being
similar to scoparius.
as yellowish soluble crystals; has been used as a
employed in the conjugations and declensions
heart tonic. an'alyze. To make an analysis.
anakre (an-ah-kra') [native term on the French Ivory an'alyzer. i.One who analyzes, analyst. 2. The
Coast in Africa, meaning " big nose."] Goundou. prism in a polariscope by means of which the
Relating to the anus. a. canal', (i) pars polarized light is examined.
a'nal.
analis recti [BNA], the terminal portion of the
anamirtin (an-S-mur'tin). A glucoside from Ana-
rectum passing through the pelvic floor, extending mirta cocculus, or Cocculus indicus.
ANAMNESIS 46 ANASTOMOSE

anamne'sis [G. anamrtesis, recollection.] 1. The anap'lasis [G. ana, up, -I- plasis, a moulding.]
act of remembering. 2. The medical history of a Haeckel's term for the stage of growth or pro-
patient previous to his present illness. gressive evolution of the individual.
ananmes'tic. i Relating to the anamnesis or Anaplasma (an-ah-plaz'mah) [G. a formed object.]
previous medical history of a patient. ^. Assist- A small coccoid protozoan body observed in the
ing the memory. red blood cells of cattle, causing a disease resem-
anamnion'ic. Without an amnion, anamniotic. bling red- water; some regard the bodies not as
anamniot'ic , Without an amnion, anamnionic. entities but degenerative areas in the cells. A.
ananaphylaxis (an-an-ah-fi-lak'sis) [G. an- priv.] centra'le, a form occupying the center of the
Antianaphylaxis. corpuscle. A. margina'le, a name given to the
anan'dria [G. an- priv. + aner(cmdr-), man.] organism when arranged near the margin of the
Absence of masculinity, red cell.
anan"giopla'sia [G. an- priv. + angeion, vessel, + anaplas'tic. Relating to anaplasty or the operative
plasso, I form.] Imperfect vascularization of a restoration of lost parts.
part from non-formation of the ve^els. an'aplasty [G. ana, again, plasso, I +
form.]
anangioplasic (an-an-jl-o-pla'sik). Relating to, Plastic surgery; the surgical restoration of lost
characterized by, or due to defective development or defective parts by transplantation of tissue.
of the general vascular system, a. infan'tilism, anaplero'sis [G. anaplero, I fill up.] The form
see infantilism. of plastic surgery which consists in the transplan-
anan'gioplasm [G. an- priv. 4- angeion, vessel, -f- tation of tissue to fill a defect resulting from
plasma, something formed.] Defective vascular injury or disease.
development. anaplerot'ic. Relating to anaplerosia; filling a
anapexiatic (an"ah-pi-rat'ik) [G. anapeiraomai, I defect.
try again.] Resulting from overuse, noting anapnea, anapnoea (an-ap-ne'ah) [G. anapnoia.]
certain occupation neuroses. i. Respiration. :<. Recovery of breath.
anaphalanti'asis [G. ana, up, + phalantias, a, bald anapne'ic. Relating to anapnea: (i) respiratory;
man.] Loss of the eyebrows. (2) relieving dyspnea or reestablishing respira-
anaphase (an'ah-faz) [G. ana, up, + phasis, from tion.
phaino, I appear.] The constructive stage in anap'nograph [G. anapnoe, respiration, + grapho,
mitosis, during which the halves of the divided I record.] An apparatus for recording the rate
chromosomes pass toward the poles of the spindle and force of the respiratory movements,
and beconie united into spiremes, building up anapno'ic. Anapneic.
the daughter nuclei. anapnom'eter [G. anapnoe, respiration, -H metron,
anaph'ia [G. o«- priv. + haphe, touch.] Absence measure.] Spirometer an instrument for meas-
;

of the sense of touch. uring the force of the respiratory movements.

anaphor'ia [G. ana, up, + phoros, bearing.] anapophysis (an-S-pofi-sis) [G. ana back, -H apophy-
Anatropia, a tendency of the eyes, when in a state sis, offshoot.] An accessory spinal process of a
of rest, to turn upward. vertebra, found especially in the thoracic or
anaphrodisia (an-af"ro-diz'I-ah) [G. insensibility to lumbar vertebra.
love, from an- priv. + Aphrodite, the goddess of anap'tic [G. an- priv. -f- hapto, I touch.] Relating
love.] Absence of sexual feeling. to anaphia, or loss of the tactile sense.
anaphrodisiac (an-af'ro-dizlt-ak). i. Relating to anar'cotine [G. a- priv.] Name proposed for narco-
anaphrodisia or absence of sexual feeling. 2. tine, an alkaloid of opium, which is misnamed,
Repressing or destroying sexual desire. 3. 'An having no narcotic properties.
agent which lessens or abolishes sexual desire. anarithmla (an-ah-ridh'ml-ah) [G. an- priv. +
anaphylactic (an"ah-fi-lak'tik) Relating to ana- arithmos, numeration.] A
form of aphasia in
phylaxis; increasing the susceptibility to an which there is inability to count or employ
infection. numbers.
anaphylac'tin. The sensitizing substance which is anar'thria [G. an- priv. -I- arthron, articulation.] The
believed to cause hypersusceptibility after the loss of power of articulate speech.
injection of a minute dose of a foreign protein; anasar'ca [G. ana, through, -f- sarx(sark-), flesh.]
- probably a haptin. Hyposarca, a general infiltration of clear watery
anaphylactogenic (an"a-fi-lak-to-jen'ik) [G. gennao, fluid into the subcutaneous connective tissue.
I produce.] Producing anaphylaxis, noting sub- anasar'cin. Trade name of a remedy reconunended
stances with which the anaphylactic reaction is as a heart tonic and diuretic; it is said to contain
obtainable. scillipicrin, scillitoxin, oxydendron, and sam-
anaphylatozin The cause of the
(an-S-fi-13,-toks'in). bucus.
toxic symptoms in anaphylaxis, believed to be a anasar'cous. Dropsical marked by anasarca.
;

compound of anaphylactin and the newly intro- anaspa'dia, anaspa'dias [G. ana, on, -I- spad, I tear,
duced protein. draw in.] Epispadia.
anaphylaxis (an-ah-fi-lak'sis) [G. ana, privative, anastalsis (an-ah-stal'sis) [G. ana, throughout, up, -1-
-1-phylaxis, protection.] Increased susceptibility stalsis, constriction.] i. Astriction, styptic ac-
to an infection or to the action of any foreign pro- tion. 2. Antiperistalsis.
tein introduced into the body, following a primary anastal'tic [G. anastaltikos, capable of checking.]
infection; the opposite of immunity, pas'sive a., J.. Astringent. 2. An astringent or styptic
a. produced in normal animals by the injection of remedy. 3. Antiperistaltic.
blood or serum from an already sensitized animal. anastate (an'as-tat) [G. anastdtos, made to rise.]
anaphy"lotox'in. Anaphylatoxin. Any product of anabolism.
anaplasia (an-ah-pla'si-ah) [G. ana, again, -I- plasis, an"astigmat'ic [G. an-, priv.] Not astigmatic.
a moulding.] A reversion, in the case of a cell, anas'tole [G. anastole, the laying bare of a wound.]
to a more primitive, embryonic type, i.e. to one Gaping of a wound.
in which reproductive activity is marked. A term anastomose (an-as"to-mOz') [G. anaslomoo, I
used by Hansemann to denote the alteration in furnish with a mouth.] i. To open one iiito the
cell character which constitutes malignancy. other directly or by connecting channels, said of
ANASTOMOSE 47 AN GONITIS
blood-vessels and lymphatics, and also of nerves descriptive dealing with the separate systems.
a.
2. To unite by means of an anastomosis; to form sur'gical a., applied a. in reference to surgical
an anastomosis. diagnosis and treatment, topograph'ical a.,
anastomo'sis [G, anastomosis, from aTtasiomoo, I regional a. transcenden'tal a., the theories and
firmish with a mouth.] i. A natural communica- deductions based upon the morphology of the
tion, direct or indirect, between two blood-vessels organs and individual parts of the body.
or other tubular structures; also by extension, a anatox'ic. v. Behring's term for the pathogenic
passage of nerve-fibers from one nerve to another. action of a substance which is observed only after
3. An operative union of two hollow or tubiilar its repeated introduction into the body, this
structures, as the divided ends of the intestine phenomenon being called anaphylaxis.
after a resection, or of the blood-vessels of two anatricrotic (an-ah-tri-krot'ik). Characterized by
individuals, as in direct transfusion of blood. anatricrotism; noting a sphygmographic tracing
cru'cial a., an a. between branches of the per- with three separate notches on the ascending or
forans prima, glutaea inferior, circumflexa femoris systolic line.
lateralis, and circumflexa femoris medialis. anatricrotism (an-ah-trik'r6-tizm) The condi-
.

intes'tlnal a., enterostomy, precap'illaiy a., an tion of the pulse or heart beat manifesting
a. between minute arteries just before they become itself by three notches on the ascending or
capillaries, stir'rup a., communicating branch systolic wave of the sphygmographic tracing.
from the dorsalis pedis to the external plantar anatrip'sis [G. a rubbing.] The therapeutic em-
artery, completing the plantar arch, ter'mino- ployment of friction, with or without at the same
ter'minal a., an operation by which the central time the application of a medican:xent.
end of an artery is connected with the peripheral anatrip'tic [G. anatriptos, rubbed up.] A remedy
end of the corresponding vein, and the peripheral to be applied by friction or inunction.
end of the artery with the central end of the vein. anatroph'ic [G. ana, up, + trophe, nourishment.]
anastomot'ic. Relating to or marked by anasto- I. Nourishing. 2. [G. o«- priv. +
atrophia.} Pre-
mosis. venting or curing atrophy.
anastomot'ica mag'na. Great anastomotic artery. anatro'pia [G. ana, up, -I- trope, a turning.] Ana-
I. Arteria genu suprema. 2. Arteria coUateralis phoria, a tendency of the eyeballs to turn
ulnaris inferior. upward.
anatherapeusis (au-ah-ther"ah-pu'sis) [G. ana, up.] anat'ropous [G> ana, up, -f iropos, a turning.]
Therapeusis by steadily increasing doses. Inverted; in botany, noting an ovule in which
anatom'ical. i. Relating to anatomy. 2. Struc- the micropyle is turned toward the placenta
tural, not functional. and the funiculus is attached to the other ex-
anatomicophysiological (an-S-tom'^-ko-fiz-J-o-Ioj'!- tremity.
kal). Relating to both structure and function. anax'on, anax'one [G. an- priv. + axon, axis.]
anat'omize. To dissect. Having no neuraxon, noting certain nerve cells in
anat'omy [G. anaiome, dissection, from ana, up, the retina, described by Ramdn y Cajal.
tome, a cutting.] i. The structure of an organ- anazotuiia (an-az"o-tu'r![-ah) [G. an- priv. -f azo-
ism, morphology, u. The science of the morph- turia."] The absence of urea or other nitrogenous
ology or structure of organisms. 3. Dissection. compounds from the urine.
4. A work describing the form and structure of an AnCC. Abbreviation for anodal, or positive-pole,
organism and of its various parts, applied' a., closure contraction.
anatomical knowledge utilized in the diagnosis of anchorage (ang'kor-ej). i. The operative fixation
disease and in treatment, especially surgical of a loose or prolapsed abdominal or pelvic organ,
treatment, artifi'cial a., the manufacture of z The part to which anything is fastened specifi-
. ;

models of anatomical structures, or the study of cally, in dentistry, a tooth to which a bridge is
a. from such models, clas'tic a., the manufacture fastened, the root to which a crown is fastened,
of models in layers which can be removed one or one of the points serving to fix a filling,
after the other to show the structure of the Anchusa (an-ku'sah) [G. anchousa, alkanet.] A
deeper parts also the study of a. by means of such
; genus of plants of the natural order Boraginacete.
models, compar'ative a., (i) anatomy of the A. tincto'ria, Alhanna tinctoria, the source of
lower animals; (2) the comparative study of the alkanet, a red dye.
human body with those of other animals and anchusin (an'ku-sin). Alkanin, red coloring matter
observation of analogous and homologous parts. from the root of Anchusa, or Alkarma, tinctoria.
descrip'tive a., a description of, especially a a. pa'per, alkanin* paper.
treatise describing, physical structure, more par- anchylo'sis. Incorrect form of ankylosis.
ticularly that of man. gen'eral a., the study espe- Anchylos'toma. Incorrect form of Ancylostoma.
cially of the structure, gross and minute, of the ancip'ital, ancip'itate, ancip'itous [L. anceps, two-
body, gross a., general a., so far as it can be headed.] Two-headed; two-edged.
studied without the use of the microscope. Ancis'trodon [G. ankistron, fishhook, -f- odous,
med'ical a., anatomy in its bearing upon the diag- tooth.] A genus of serpents, including the
nosis and treatment of internal (non-surgical) dis- copperhead, A contor'trix, and the water mocca-
.

orders, minute' a., the study of the intimate A. pisciv'orus.

sin,
structure of the tissues invisible to the naked anconad (ang'ko-nad) [G. anhon, elbow, -1- L. ad, to.]
eye; histological or microscopical a. mor'bid a., Toward the elbow.
pathological a. patholog'ical a., the a. of diseased anconagra (ang-ko-nag'rah) [G. ankon, elbow, +
or otherwise abnormal structures or parts, phll- agra, a seizure.] Gout in the elbow.
osoph'ical a., morphology, physiolog'ical a., a. anconal, anconeal (ang'ko-nal, ang-ko'ne-al). Re-
studied in its relation to function, plas'tic a., lating to the elbow, a. fossa, fossa olecrani.

clastic a. prac'tical a., a. studied by means of anco'neus [G. ankon, elbow.] A

short muscle with
dissection, re'gional a., a. of certain related origin from the external condyle of the humerus
parts or divisions of the body, spe'cial a., the a. and insertion into the olecranon and the upper
of certain definite organs or groups of organs con- fourth of the shaft of the ulna.
cerned in the performance of special functions; I anconltls (ang-ko-m'(ne')tis) [G. ankon, elbow, -h
ANCONITIS 48 ANEMIA, AN.EMIA

-iiis.] Inflammation of the elbow-joint, olecran- Androm'eda. A genus of plants of the natural order
arthritis, olecranarthrocace, olecranarthropathy. Ericacece, several- species of which contain a nar-
ancylo'sis.Ankylosis. cotic poison.
Ancylostoma (an-si-los'to-mah) . The old-world andropho'bia [G. aner {andr-), a man, -I- phobos, fear.]
hookworm, uncinaria.* (See Agchylostoma.) Insane fear of men, or of the male sex.
ancylostomiasis (an-si-los-to-mi'a-sis) . Uncina- an"dropho"noma'nia [G. aneriandr-), man, -I- phonos,
riasis, * hookworm disease, dochmiasis, Egyptian murder, + mania, frenzy.] Homicidal mania.
chlorosis, tunnel anemia, miner's anemia. AnDTe. Abbreviation indicating a tetanic con-
an'cyroid [G. ankyra, anchor, + eidos, resemblance.] traction occurring on application of the anode or
Ankyroid, shaped like the fluke of an anchor, not- positive pole while the circmt is closed; anodal
ing the comua of the lateral ventricles of the brain duration tetanus.
and the coracoid process of the scapula. anec'tasin [G. an- priv. -I- ektasis, dilatation.] A
Andernach's oss'icles (ahn'der-nahkh) [Johann bacterial product which causes vasoconstriction.
Winther V. Andernach, German physician, 1478- Anel's method (an-el') [Dominique An^l, French
1574.] Wormian bones. surgeon, 1679-1730.] Ligation of an artery
An'ders' disease' [James M. Anders, Philadelphia immediately above (on the proximal side of)
physician, *i8s4.] Adiposis tuberosa simplex. an aneurysm; see cut under aneurysm. A.'s
An'dersch's gan'glion (Carl Daniel Andersch, probe, a probe for the punctum lacrimale and nasal
German anatomist, 1732-1777.] Ganglion duct. A.'s syr'inge, a sjringe with very fine
petrosum. A.'s nerve, Nervus tympanicus. nozzle for use in injection into the nasal duct.
An'derson Mineral Springs, California. Cold Sulphur anelec'trode. Anode.
Spring, saline-stilpho-carbonated waters. Iron anelectroton'ic. Relating to anelectrotonus.
Spring. Sour Spring, sulphated-saline-acid anelectrot'onua [anelectrode + G. tonos, tension.]
waters, 64.3° F. Hot Sulphurous Springs, The lessened irritability and conductivity of a
145.3° P- Nine principal springs. Used by nerve in the neighborhood of the anode, during
drinking and bathing in hepatic and intestinal the passage of an electric current through it.
disorders, glandular congestions, cutaneous dis- ane'matize. To render anemic.
eases of tuberculous and syphilitic origin, uterine anemato'sis, anaemato'sis. i. General anemia. 2.

and ovarian congestion, anemia, chlorosis, Pernicious anemia.

dyspepsia, hemorrhages from the lungs, rheu- ane'mia, anse'mia [G. an- priv. + haima, blood.] A
matism, and chronic joint swellings. condition in which the blood is reduced in amoimt
An'derson's Scots pill [Patrick Anderson, Scotch (oligemia) or is deficient in red blood-cells {oligo-
physician, 17th century.) A
pill variously cythemia) or in hemoglobin {oligochromemia),
stated to be the same as pill of aloes and myrrh, manifested clinically by pallor, shortness of
a pill of aloes and jalap, and a compound of breath, and palpitation, acute' a., temporary a.
aloes and gamboge with oil of anise. due to a copious hemorrhage, a. ijofan'tum
andi'ra [West Indian native name.] Worm-bark, pseudoleucse'mica, pseudoleucemia in infants.
cabbage-tree, the bark of Andira inermis, a a. lymphat'ica, Hodgkin's* disease, aplas'tic a.,
leguminous tree of tropical America; emetic, a form in which the formative processes of the
purgative, and anthelmintic in doses of gr. 10-30 bone marrow are in abeyance, chlorot'ic a,.
(0.6-2.0). chloranemia. cytogen'ic a., primary a. essen'-
Andral's' decu'bitus [Gabriel Andral, French physi- tial a., primary a. false a., pseudoanemia. gen'-
cian, 1 797-1876.] Position assumed by the eral a., a. affecting the entire volume of blood
patient who lies on the sound side in cases of as distinguished from a deficiency in the local
beginning pleurisy. supply of a part, glob'ular a., oligocythemia.
andrecium, androecium (an-dre'sl-um) [G. aner ground-itch a., hookworm disease, uncinariasis.
(andr) man, + oikion, house.] All the stamens, or
, hemorrhag'ic a., a. due directly to loss of blood.
male organs, of a flower, considered collectively idiopath'ic a., primary or ossential a. infec'-
androgenous (an-droj'en-us) [G. andr, a man, -f tious a., swamp-fever, intertropical a., Egyp-
gennao, I bear.] Giving birth to males. tian chlorosis, uncinariasis, ancylostomiasis,
androg'raphis. (B.A.) Creyat, kiryat, the dried hookworm disease. lo'cal a., a condition of
plant Andrographis paniculata, of the order diminished supply of blood to a part. lymphat'-
Acanthacea; a stomachic bitter tonic, employed ic a., Hodgkin's a. malig'nant a., pernicious a.
in infusion, concentrated solution, and tincture. metaplas'tic a., pernicious a., in which the
androgyne (an'dro-jin). Androgynus, hermaph- formed elements in the blood are changed.
rodite. mi'ners' a., ancylostomiasis. neg'ative «., a.
cndrogynoid (an-droj'i-noyd) [G. aner(andr-), man, marked by the presence of erythroblasts, but
+ gyne, woman, +
eidos, resemblance.] man A without reduction in the number of red blood
with hermaphroditic sexual characteristics who cells per cubic millimeter, pemic'ious a., a form
is mistaken for a woman. of progressive, usually tatad, a., of infectious or
androgynos (an-droj'i-nos). Androgynus. autotoxic origin; it is characterized by a very
androgynous (an-droj'i-nus) [G. aner, a man, + marked diminution in the number of red cor-
gyne, a woman.] i. Hermaphroditic. 2. Hav- puscles and the presence of a large number of meg-
ing the characteristics, physical or mental, of aloblasts; the prominent symptoms are languor,
both sexes. breathlessness on slight exertion, muscular weak-
androgynus (an-droj'i-nus) [G. aner, a man, -I- ness, f aintness, extreme pallor of skin and mucous
gyne, a woman.] An hermaphrodite. membranes, anorexia, diarrhea, and frequently
androgyny (an-droj'i-ni) [G. aner, a man, -I- gynl, a hemorrhages either into the skin (patechia) or
woman.] Hermaphroditism. from the mucous membranes, po'lar a., a. some-
androl'ogy [G. aner{andr-), a man, -I- -logia.] The times affecting natives of temperate climes winter-
branch of medicine which treats of the man and ing in the arctic regions, pri'mtiry a., essential a.,
of the diseases peculiar to the male sex. cytogenic a., a. occurring apparently as an inde-
androma'nia [G. aner(andr-), a man, + mania, pendent disease, due to a disturbance in function
frenzy.] Xymphomania. of the blood-making organs, progress'ive perni'-
ANEMIA, AN^.MIA 49 ANESTHESIMETER
Clous a., pernicious a. sec'ondaiy a., a. occurring anerythrocyte (an-er'I-thro-sit) [G. an- priv. +
as a consequence of loss of blood, inanition, erythros, red, + kytos, cell.] Lympherythrocyte,
chronic poisoning, autointoxication, or some local a non-nucleated red cell without hemoglobin.
or general disease, sla'ty a., a grayish pallor of anerythroplasia (an-er"I-thro-pla'zi-ah) [G. an- priv.
the face in acetanilid poisoning and in argyria. + erythro(cyie) + G. plasis, a moulding.] A
spas'tic a., local anemia due to contraction of the condition in which there is no formation of red
blood-vessels of the part, splen'ic a., splenic blood cells.
pseudoleucemia, a disease characterized by en- aneiythroplastic (an-er"i-thro-plas'tik). Anery-
largement of the spleen, with moderate anemia and throregenerative, marked by anerythroplasia.
reduced percentage of hemoglobin, symptomatic anerythropsia (an-er-i-throp'si-ah) [G. an- priv.
a., secondary a. tiaiunat'lc a., hemorrhagic a. -I- erythros, red, + apsis, vision. ] Red-blindness,
tiophoneuTOt'ic a., a. induced by a profound inability to distinguish the color red.
nervous shock, tunnel a., ancylostomiasis. anerythroregenerative (an-er"i-thro-re-3en'er-a-
anemic, ansemic (an-e'mik or an-em'ik). Relating tiv). Anerythroplastic, noting a condition in
to, caused by, or suffering from anemia. which regeneration of red blood cells does not
Anemone (an-em'o-ne) [G. anemotie, the wind- take place.
flower, from anemos, wind.] A genus of her- an'esin, an'eson. Trade name of a solution
of
', baceous plants of the natural order Ranunculaceee chloretone.
a. cam,'phor, ptilsatilla camphor, aneinonin.* anesthecinesia, ansesthecinesia (an"es-the"sin-e's>-
A. piilsatill'a, see Pulsatilla. ah) [G. an- priv. -h aisthesis, sensation, -f- kinesis,
anem'onin. Pulsatilla camphor, a white crystalline movement.] Combined sensory and motor pa-
principle obtained from Anemone Pulsatilla; ralysis.
employed in orchitis and epididymitis, asthma, anesthekrne'sia, ansesthekine'sia. Anesthecinesia.
whooping cough, and bronchitis, in doses of gr. anesthesia, anaesthesia (an-es-the'zl-ah) [G. an-
^ip-lV (o.ooi-o.oos). priv. +aisthesis, sensation.] Loss of sensation,
anem'onol. A volatile oil, possessing markedly especially of tactile sensibility, a. doloro'sa,
toxic properties, obtained from plants of the painful a., spontaneous pain in a part in which
genus Anemone. there is a loss of tactile sensation, crossed a., a.
anemop'athy [G. anemos, wind, -I- pathos, suffering.] of one side of the body due to a lesion on the other
I. A disease caused by high winds. Aerotherapy, side of the brain, elec'tric a., general anesthesia
anemoph'ilous [G. anemos, wind, + philos, fond,] induced by the passage through the brain of a
In botany, noting flowers which are pollinated by Leduc* current, gaunt'let a., loss of sensation in
the agency of wind. the hand, extending from the tips of the fingers to
anemophobia (an-em-o-fo'bl-ah) [jG. anemos, wind, the wrist, gen'eral a., inhalation a., surgi-
phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of draughts or of winds. cal a., insensibility induced by the inhalation
anemot'rophy, ansemot'rophy [G. atp- priv. + haima, of chloroform or other anesthetic, induced' a.,
blood, -I- trophe, nourishment.] Atrophy of the temporary a. produced by drugs or other means.
blood, anemia from deficient formation of blood. infiltra'tion a., local a. induced by the injection of
anempiria (an-em-pir'i-ah) [G. an- privative, -H water or of a weak cocaine solution, Schleich's a.
empeiria, experience.] Lack of knowledge or insuffla'tion a., insufflation narcosis, a. by insuf-
skillacquired through experience. flatinga mixture of compressed air and ether into
anencephale'mia, anencephalse'mia [G. an- priv. -I- the trachea through a slender tube passed
enkephalos, brain, -I- haima, blood.] Cerebral between the vocal cords, lo'cal a., a. of a lim-
anemia. ited area induced by freezing, the injection of
snencepha'lia [G. an- priv. + enhephalos, brain.] cocaine or similar substance, or other means.
Anencephaly, absence of the brain mixed a., general a. produced by more than one
anencephal'ic. Relating to anencephalia, without drug, as that produced primarily by nitrous
brain. oxide gas and continued by ether or chloroform.
anencephalohe'mia, anencephaloh^e'mia. Anenceph- morphine-sco'polamine a., general anesthesia,
alemia. without unconsciousness, induced by the injec-
anenceph'alous. Anencephalic. tion of a mixture of morphine and scopolamine.
anenceph'alus [G. an- priv. + enkephalos, brain.] A mus'cular a., loss of the muscle sense, of the
monster without a brain. power to determine the position of a limb or to
anenceph'aly [G. an- priv. + enhephalos, brain.] recognize a diiference in weights, neu'ral a.,
Absence of the brain, or of all but the basal local induced by the injection of an anes-
a.
ganglia and cerebellum. thetic into a nerve {intraneural) or immediately
anen'terous [G. an- priv. -I- entera, intestines.] Hav- around it {paraneural), press'ure a., the forcing
ing no intestine, noting certain parasites. of ain anesthetic into the tissues, specifically into
anep'ia [G. an- priv. + epos, word.] Aphasia. the pulp of a tooth, by pressure, pri'maiy a., a
anepithymia (an-ep-I-thi'ml-ah) [G. an- priv -I- condition of general a., prior to the occurrence
epithymia, desire.] Absence of appetite or desire. of insensibility, induced by the inhalation of ether
anergasia (an-tir-ga'sl-ah) [G. an- priv. -I- ergasia, or other anesthetic, spi'nal a., (i) circumscribed
work.] Absence of functional activity- anesthesia of the integument due to disease of
anergic (an-ur'jik) [G. an- priv. + ergon, work.] i. the spinal cord; (2) anesthesia of the lower part
Lethargic; marked by total absence of energy or of the body induced by the injection of a local an-
extreme inactivity. 2. Relating to, or marked by, esthetic into the sheath of the lumbar cord,
anergy. medullary narcosis, sur'gical a., general a. uni-
anergy (an'ur-jl) [G. an- priv. -I- (en)ergeia, from lat'eral a., hemianesthesia, ve'nous a., local a.

ergon, work.] Antianaphylaxis. obtained by a segment of a cutaneous

filling

an'eroid [G. a- priv. +

neros, wet, + eidos, form.] vein, in an ischemic limb, with a solution of
Without fluid, noting a form of barometer, with- novocaine or other anesthetic substance.
out mercury, in which the varying air-pressure is anesthesim'eter, anesthesiom'eter [G. an- priv. -t-
indicated by the movement of a metallic disc aisihesis, sensation, -f- meiron, measure.] i. An

occluding a chamber exhausted of air. instrument for determining the degree of anes-
ANESTHESIMETER SO ANEURYSM

thesia of a part; same as esthesiomeier. 2. An lateral, of an artery, ampull'aiy a., sacculated

appliance for measuring the amount of an a. by anastomo'sis, (i) cirsoid a. (2) aneurys-
a. ;

anesthetic administered by inhalation. mal varix.* arte"riove'nous a., a blood-contain-

anes'thesin. A white, tasteless, odorless powder, ing tumor connecting with both an artery and a
the ethylic ether of para-amido-benzoic-acid a ;
vein; when a direct communication between the
local anesthetic it has also been employed inter-
;
two vessels exists, without any intervening sac,
nally in doses of 3 to 5 gr. (0.2-0.3) to relieve the condition is called aneurysmal varix; when
the pain of gastritis and ulcer of the stomach. there is a sac between the two it is called varicose
[anesthesia
(an-es-the-zJ-ol'o-ji) + aneurysm, ax'ial a.., one involving the entire
anesthesiology
circumference of a blood-vessel, cir'soid a.,
-ology.] Thescience that treats of the various
means of inducing local or general anesthesia and
of the accidents and complications of this condi-
tion.
anesthesiopbore (an-es-the'zl-o-for) [anesthesia +
G. pharos, a carrier.] Carrying the anesthetic
action, noting the chemical group in cocaine and
other substances upon which the anesthetic
effect depends.
anesthet'ic, anaesthet'ic.i. Marked by anesthesia,

insensible to touch, or to pain or other stimuli.

2. Producing anesthesia. 3. A
drug which pro-
duces local or general anesthesia, gen'eral a.,
one which produces general anesthesia, either by
injection orby inhalation, lo'cal a., a drug which
produces local anesthesia when applied to the Ligations for Aneurysm: A, Anel's: B, Hunter's;
surface or injected into the tissues. C, Brasdor's; D, Wardrop's; E, Antyllus'.

anes'thetist. One who administers an anesthetic,

active dilatation-a. consec'utive a., diffuse a.
usually for the production of general anesthesia. one which
cylin'droid a., tubular a. diffuse' a.,
an"esthetiza'tion. The induction of anesthesia; has enlarged its area and spread to the sur-
rendering anesthetic. rounding tissues in consequence of rupture of its
anes'thetlze. To induce anesthesia; to render walls, dilata'tion-a., general enlargement of an
anesthetic. artery; it may be active, due to an actual growth
anesthetometer (an-es"the-tom'e-tur). Anesthesi- and dilatation of a vessel, usually of a, group of
meter. smaller arteries {cirsoid a.); or passive, a simple
anes'thol. A trade name for a mixture of ethyl stretching of the diseased wall of the aorta' or one
chloride 17.00, ether 56.75, and chloroform of its primary branches, dissect'ing a., an a.
43.25, having a boiling point of 40° C. (104° F.); formed by the escape of blood, through a crack in
employed by inhalation for the induction of the intima, into the wall of the aorta or other
surgical anesthesia. large artery, leading to a separation of the coats of
anesthone (an-es'thon). Trade name of para- the vessel, embol'lc a., an a. resulting from
amido-ethyl-benzoate, a local anesthetic. softening of the arterial wall at the site of lodge-
anes'thyl. A local anesthetic mixture of methyl ment of an embolus, endog'enous a., ^i simple
chloride i, and ethyl chloride 5. a. resulting from dilatation of the diseased coats
an'estile. Trade name for a mixture of ethyl and of an artery, exog'enous a., one due to trau-
methyl chlorides, for use as a general anesthetic. matism, false a., a pulsating swelling caused by
ane'thi fruc'tus (Br.). Dill, the fruit of Anethum rupture of all the coats of an artery, with reten-
graveolens; stimulant carminative in dose of gr. tion of the escaped blood in a sac formed by the
15 (i.o). The aqua anethi is official in the B.P. surrounding tissues, fu'sifonn a.., an elongated
ane'thol (N.F.). Paramethoxypropenylbenzene, spindle-shaped dilatation of an artery, her'nial
anise camphor, a derivative of fennel and anise a., the protrusion of the stretched inner coats of an

oils; a colorless liquid at temperatures above artery through a wound in the adventitia.
23° C. (73.4° F.), below 20° C. (68° F.) a white lat'eral a., peripheral a. (i). med'ical a., an a. of
glistening camphor-like mass; employed as a one of the internal arteries inaccessible to surgical
flavoring substance in doses of iti!2-4 (0 13- . measures, mil'iaiy a., one of a number of minute
.26). sacculated or fusiform dilatations of the smaller
Ane'thum [G. anSthon, dill.] A genus of plants cerebral arteries, the rupture of which is a fre-
of the natural order Umbelliferm; two species, A. quent cause of apoplexy, periph'eral a., (i) a sac-
fosnic'ulum, fennel, and A. grave'olens, axe em- like a. springing from one side of an artery; (2)
ployed in medicine; see anethi fructus and an a. of one of the smaller branches of an artery.
fceniculum. rac'emose a., active dilatation-a. re'nal a.|
anetiological (an-e-tl-o-loji-kal). Not etiological, renal epistaxis.* sac'cular a., a sac-like bulging
not in accordance with the laws of etiology. on one side of an artery, formed of the middle
anetodermia (an'S-to-dur'mi-ah) [G. aneios, relaxed, and outer coats, ser'pentine a., dilatation and
+ derma, skin.] Dermatolysis. tortuosity of an artery, seen sometimes affecting
aneuria (i-nu'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. + neuron, nerve.] the temporal artery in the aged, sponta'neous
A failure of nerve force; neurasthenia. a., endogenous a. sur'gical a., an a. of one of the
aneuric (S-nu'rik). Marked by aneuria; of weak external arteries, which is amenable to surgical
nervous constitution. treatment, trac'tion a., an aortic a. assumed to be
an'eurism. Aneurysm. due to the pull of a persistent ductus arteriosus.
aneurysm (an'u-rizm) [G. aneurysma, a widen- traumat'ic a., exogenous a. tu'bular a., the uni-
ing.] A blood-containing tumor connecting form dilatation of an artery along a considerable
directly with the lumen of an artery or formed by distance, var'icose a., a blood-containing sac,
a circumscribed enlargement, either axial or communicating with both an artery and a vein.
 —
ANEURYSMAL SI ANGIOHYALINOSIS

aneurysmal (an-u-riz'mal). Relating to an marked, diph'theroid a., Vincent's a. nerve

aneurysm. a,, severe neuralgic attack due to spasmodic
a.

aneurysmatic (an-u-riz-mat'ik). Relating to an closure of sclerotic arteries of the nerves and

aneurysm, aneurysmal. posterior ganglia, reflex' a., a. vasomotoria.
aneurysmectomy (an-u-riz-mek'to-ml). Excision of ulceromem'branous a., Vincent's a. Vin'cent's a.
the sac of an aneurysm. diphtheroid a., ulceromcmbrangvis a.; an ulcero-
aneurys'moplasty. Matas's operation. membranous inflammation of the tonsil, accom-
aneurysmor'rhaphy. Closure by suture of the sac panied by fever and other constitutional symp-
of an aneurysm. toms, due to the presence of Vincent's fusiform
aneurysmot'omy. Incision Into the sac of an bacillus.
aneurysm. an'ginal. Relating to any angina, especially to
anfractuosity (an-fral^-tu-os'I-tl) [L. anfractus, wind- angina pectoris.
ing, crooked.] A
brain fissure. an'ginoid [angina + G. eidos, resemblance.]
anirac'tuous. Sinuous, bending. Resembling an angina, especially angina pectoris.
angei-. For words so beginning, see angi-. anginopho'bia [angina + G. phobos, fear.] Extreme
Angelescu's sign (ahn-ja-les'koo). In cases of fear of an attack of angina pectoris.
vertebral tuberculosis, when the patient lies on an'ginose, an'ginous. Relating to any angina, a.
the back, the endeavor to bend the spine, so that scarlati'na, a form of scarlatina in which the
he rests on the heels and occiput only, is painful or throat affection is unusually severe.
impossible of accomplishment. angioataxia (an"ji-o-a-tak'd-ah) [G. angeion,
Angelica (an-jel'i-kah) [L. angelic ( + herba, herb).] vessel, + ataxia, confusion.] A condition of
A genus of umbelliferous plants, found chiefly in irregular spasmodic variability in arterial tonus.
northern temperate regions. The ripe fruit of an'gioblast [G. angeion, vessel, -f- blasios, germ.]
A. archangel'ica is listed in the National Formu- One of the cells from which the blood-vessels are
lary as angelicae fructus, angelica fruit or seed developed.
(dose, gr. 15 or i .0), and the rhizome and roots an"giocar"diocinet'ic, an"giocar"diokinet'ic [G. an-
of A. atropurpu'rea as angelics radix, angelica geion, vessel, + kardia, heart, + kinesis, move-
root (dose, gr. 30 or 2 o) the roots of A. sylves'-
. ; ment.] Causing dilatation or contraction in the
tris, wild angelica are also used; the drug is heart and blood-vessels.
tonic and stimulant in the doses above given. angiocardltis (an"jJ-o-kar-di'(de')tis) [G. angeion,
angiectasia, angiectasis (an-jl-ek-ta'sl-ah. an-jl-ek'- vessel, +
kardia, heart, -iiis.] +
Inflammation
ta-sis) [G. angeion, vessel, +
ektasis, a stretching.] of the heart and blood-vessels.
Dilatation of a lymphatic or blood-vessel. angiocar'pous [G. angeion, vessel, -I- karpos, fruit.]
angiectaticus (an-ji-ek-tatli-kus) [see angiectasia.] I. In botany, noting fungi in which the hjmie-
Marked by the presence of dilated blood-vessels. neal layer is disposed inside the tissue of the
angiecto'pia [G. angeion, vessel, -f ektopos, out of sporocarp. 2. Having the fruit enclosed.
place.] Abnormal location of a blood-vessel. angiocavemo'ma. Angioma cavemosum.
angiemphraz'is [G. angeion, vessel, -t- emphraxis, angiocay'emous. Relating to the condition present
stoppage.] Embolism or thrombosis. in angioma* cavemosum.
angiitis, angitis (an-je-i'(e')tis, an-ji'(ie')tis) [G. angiocholitis (an-ji-o-ko-li'(le')tis) [G. angeion,
o«geto», vessel, +
-ids.'] Inflammation of a blood- vessel, + chole, bile, -I- -itis.1 Cholangitis inflam-
;

vessel (arteritis, phlebitis) or of u lymphatic mation of the bile-ducts.

(lymphangitis). consec'utiTe a., a. caused by ex- angiodermatitis (an"ji-o-dur-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. an-
tension of the inflammatory process from the geion, vessel, derma, skin,
-{- itis^ Inflamma-
-j

surrounding tissues. tion of the cutaneous vessels.

angileucitis (an-je-lu-si'(se')tis) [G. angeion, vessel, angiodys'trophy [G. angeion, vessel, -I- dys-, bad, -f
-f- leukos, white, -{- -iiis.] Lymphangitis. trophe, nourishment.] A nutritional disorder asso-
angina (an'ji-nah; usually, though incorrectly, ciated with marked vascular changes.
an-ji'nah) [L. quinsy.] i. Sore-throat from any angiofibro'ma, pi. angiofibro'mata. An angioma with
cause. 2. A severe cramp-like pain. a. abdom'- overgrowth of the connective-tissue framework;
iniSy severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due telangiectatic flbroma. a. contagio'sum trop'-
supposedly to irregular contractions of the blood- icum, a dermatosis occurring in southern Brazil,
vessels of the intestinal walls, a. arthrit'ica, marked by an eruption of bright red papules
gouty or rheumatic sore-throat, a. cruris, inter- becoming nodules of a violaceous color.
mittent claudication, a. epiglottide'a, inflamma- angiogen'esis [G. angeion, vessel, +
genesis, origin.]
tion of the epiglottis, a. follicula'ris, follic- Development of the blood-vessels.
ular tonsillitis, a. gangrseno'sa, a. maligna. angiogenic (an-ji-o-jen'ik) i. Relating to angio-
.

a. Ludovi'ci or Lud'wig's a., phlegmonous inflam- genesis. 2. Of vascular origin, due to arterial
mation of the connective tissue in the neighbor- degeneration.
hood of one of the submaxillary glands, a.. an"gioglio'ma. A
mixed glioma and angioma.
malig'na, gangrenous pharyngitis; putrid sore an"giogliomato'sis. The occurrence of multiple
throat, a. no'tha, a. vasomotoria, a. parotid'ea areas of proliferating capillaries and neuroglia.
mumps, a. pec'toris [L. pectus, chest], severe angiogliosis (an-jl-o-gli-o'sis). The occurrence of
constricting pain in the chest, radiating from the an angioglioma.
region of the heart into the left shoulder and down an'giograph [G. angeion, vessel, -h grapho, I re-
the arm, sometimes into the back and down both cord.] Sphygmograph.
arms, accompanied by a sense of cardiac oppres- angiog'raphy [G. angeion, vessel, -1- graphs, a record.]
sion and the apprehension of immediate death; A description of the blood-vessels and lymphatics.
breast-pang. a. spu'ria, a, vasomotoria, a. angiohyalinosis (an"jl(-o-hi"al-in-o'sis) [G. angeion,
ulcero'sa, ulcerative pharyngitis, a. urat'ica, vessel, -H hyalos, glass, + -dsis.\ Hyaline or
gouty pharyngitis, a. vasomoto'ria, a. pectoris waxy degeneration of the muscular coat of the
in which the breast-pang is comparatively blood-vessels, a. hsemorrhag'ica, hemophilia due

but pallor, followed by cyanosis, and cold-

slight, to a congenital degeneration of the muscular
ness and numbness of the extremities are coats of the arteries.
ANGIOHYPERTONIA 52 ANGIOTRIBE

an"giohyperto'nia [G. angeion, vessel, + hyper, over, 1. Exsection of the vessels and nerves of a part
+ tonos, tension.] A
condition of spasmodic con- 2. [G. neuron, cofd.] Exsection of a segment
traction of the arteries ; angiospasm. of the spermatic cord for the relief of an enlarged
an"giohy"poto'nia [G. angeion, vessel, + hypo, under, prostate or to produce sterility.
+ tonos, tension.] A condition of vascular angioneuredema (an"ji-o-nu-re-de'mah) [G. angeion
relaxation; ai^oparalysis, angioparesis. vessel, + neuron, nerve, + oidema, a swelling
angioid (an'jK-oyd) [G. angeion, vessel, + eidos, Edema due to an angioneurosis, or vasomotor
resembling.] Resembling blood-vessels. disorder; written also angioneuroaedema.
angiokerato'ma, pi. angiokeraio'mata [G. angeion, angioneurosis, angeioneurosis (an"jI-o-nu-ro;sis)
vessel, -I- keras, horn, -oma.'] A wart-like out- [G. angeion, vessel, -1- neuron, nerve, -1- -osis.] A
growth of the homy layer of the epidermis disorder due to disease or injury of the vasomotor
seated upon a telangiectatic patch. nerves or center. ,
angiokerato'sis. The occurrence of multiple angio- an"gioneurot'ic. Relating to an angioneurosis.
keratomata. angioneuTot'omy [G. angeion, vessel, -1- neuron,
angioleucitis, angioleukitis (an"ji-o-lu-si'(se')tis, nerve, -I- tome, a. cutting.] JDivision of both
an"jS-o-lu-ki'(ke')tis) [G. angeion, vessel, + nerves and vessels of a part.
leukos, white, + Lymphangitis.
-iiis.l angioparal'ysis [G. angeion, vessel, paralysis.] A
+
an"giolipo'ma. A mixed lipoma and angioma. condition of relaxation and loss of tone in the
an'giolith [G. angeion, vessel, + lithos, stone.] i. A muscular coats of the smaller arteries causing a
venous calculus, phlebolith.* x. calcareous A fall in blood-pressure; angiohypotonus.
deposit in the wall of an artery. angiopar'esis. Angioparalysis of slight degree.
angiolith'ic. Relating to an angiolith. angiop'athy [G. angeion, vessel, -I- pathos, suffering.]
angiol'ogy [G. angeion, vessel, + -logia.'j The Any disease of the blood-vessels or lymphatics.
science which treats of the blood-vessels and an'gioplany [G. angeion, vessel, H- plane, wandering.]
lymphatics in all their relations. Angiectopia.
angiolymphltis (an"ji-o-lim-fi'(fe')tis). Lymphan- angiopoietic (an"jl-o-poy-et'ik) [G. angeion, vessel,
gitis. + poied, I make.] Vasifactive, vasoformative, '

an"giolyinpho'nia [G. angeion, vessel, -1- L. lympha, causing the formation of blood-vessels in newly
lymph, + G. -oma.] A
tumor composed chiefly organized tissues, noting certain cells.
of dilated lymphatics. an'giopressure. Pressure on a vessel for the arrest
angioma, pi. angio'mata (an-ji-o'mah) [G. angeion, of bleeding.
vessel, -t- -oma.] A
swelling or tumor due to angior'rhaphy [G. angeion, vessel, +
rhaphe, a seam.]
dilatation of the blood-vessels (hemangioma) or Suture of any vessel, especially of a blood-vessel.
lymphatics (lymphangioma), a. caTemo'sum, an"giorrhex'is [G. angeion, vessel, +
rhexis, rupture.]
cavernous a., cavemoma; a vascular erectile Rupture of a blood-vessel or lymphatic.
tumor containing large blood-filled spaces due angiosarco'ma. A mixed angioma and sarcoma
apparently to dilatation and thickening of the angiosclero'sis angeion, vessel,
[G. -f sklerosis,
walls of the capillary loops, a. cu'tis, an extreme hardening.] Fibrous disease involving the entire
form of nsevus vascularis, hypertrophic nevus, in vascular system.
which the tumor is formed of a network of widely an'gioscope. A
modified microscope for studying
dilated blood-vessels, a. hypertroph'icum, hyper- the capillary vessels.
trophic a., a tumor formed of capillary vessels and angiosialitis (an"ji-o-si-al-i'(e')tis) [G. angeion,
of solid cylinders caused by hyperplasia of the vessel, + sialon, saliva, -h -itis.] Inflammation
endothelium, a. serpigino'sum, infective a., the of a salivary duct.
presence of rings of red dots on the skin, which angio'sis. Angiopathy.
tend to widen peripherally, due to proliferation, an'giospasm [G. angeion, vessel, -f spasmos, ten-
with subsequent atrophy, of the superficial sion.] Acondition of spasmodic contraction of
capillaries, a. sim'plex, simple a., a new growth the muscular coats of the smaller arteries, causing
characterized by the formation of new, usually an increase in blood-pressure; angiohypertonus.
dilated, capillaries with thickened wall due to an"giospas'tic. Relating to or marked by angio-
an overgrowth of the endothelium, a. Teno'sum spasm.
racemo'sum, the appearance (tortuous swelling) angiosperm (an'ji-o-spurm) [G. angeion, vessel, +
caused by varicosities of superficial veins, infec'- sperma, seed.] A plant the seed of which is
tive a., a. serpiginosum. plex'ifonn a., a., cutis. enclosed in a distinct covering, the ovules being
angiomalacia (an"jI-o-ma-la'sI-ah) [G. angeion, enclosed in an ovary and fertilized through the
vessel, + malakia, softness.] Softening of the medium of a stigma.
walls of the blood-vessels. an"giosteno'sis [G. angeion, vessel, + stenoo, I
angiomato'sis. A condition characterized by mul- make narrow,] Contraction of the blood-vessels.
tiple angiomata. angiosteosis (an"ji(-os-te-o'sis) [G. angeion, vessel,
angio'matous. Relating to or resembling an + osteon, bone.] Calcareous degeneration of the
angioma. walls of the arteries.
angiom'eter [G. angeion, vessel, + melron, measure.] angios'trophy [G. angeion, vessel, -H strophe, a twist.]
An instrument for measuring the diameter of a Twisting the cut end of an artery to arrest bleed-
blood-vessel. ing.
angiomyocardiac (an"jI-o-mi-o-kar'dI-ak) [G. an- angiotelectasia (an"jI-o-tel-ek-ta'sl-ah) [G. angeion,
geion, vessel, + mys(myo-), muscle, -I- kardia, vessel, +
telos, end, -I- ektasis, a stretching out.]
heart.] Relating to the blood-vessels and the Dilatation of the terminal arterioles.
cardiac muscle. angiot'omy [G. angeion, vessel, -t- tome, cutting.]
angiomyoma (an"jI-o-mi-o'mah) A mixed angioma . I. Section of an artery or vein. a. Anatomy of
and myoma; a very vascular myoma. the blood-vessels and IjTnphatics.
an''gioiny"oBarco'ma. A very vascular myosar- an"gioton'ic [G. angeion, vessel, +
tonos, tension.]
coma. Increasing arterial tension.
angioneurectomy (an"jl-o-nu-rek'to-ml) [G. angeion anglotribe (an'ji-o-trib) [G. angeion, vessel, + tribo,
vessel, -h neuron, nerve, -{- ektome, exsection.] I bruise.] A
crushing instrument, in the shape of
 ,

ANGIOTRIBE 53 ANGULUS

strong forceps with screw attachment, employed to ophryospi'nal a., the a. formed at the anterior nasal
crush the end of an artery together with the tissue spine by lines drawn from the auricular point and the
in which it is embedded, to arrest hemorrhage. glabella, Broca's facial a., Jacquart's a., Topinard's a.
op'tic a., the angle formed by the meeting of the
angiotrip'sy [G. angeion, vessel, +
tripsis, friction,
visual axes.
bruising.] The use of the angiotribe to arrest pari'etal a., Quatrefages's a., one formed by the meet-
hemorrhage. ing of the prolongation of two lines tangential to the
angiotroph'ic [G. angeion, vessel, + trophe, nour- most prominent part of the zygomatic arch and to the
ishment.] Relating to the nutrition of the blood- parietofrontal suture on each side; when the lines re-
vessels or lymphatics. main parallel the angle is zero, when they diverge
it is negative.
angitis (an-ji'(je')tis). Angiitis.
point a., in dental anatomy the point where three
angle (ang'gl) [L. angulus.] The meeting point of
surfaces meet.
two lines or planes; the figure formed by the pu'bic a., the junction of the two rami of the pubes,
junction of two lines or planes the space bounded
;
caUed by some anatomists the corpus or body of the
on two sides by lines or planes which meet. pubes.
solid a., point a.
al'pha a., the a. between the axis of vision and the
sphe'noid a., sphenoi'dal a., (z) Welcker's a., one
corneal axis.
formed by the intersection at the top of the sella
alve'olar a., the a. between the horizontal plane
turcica (dorsum sellee), of lines coming from the nasal
and a line connecting the base of the nasal spine and the point and from the tip of the rostrum of the sphenoid;
middle point of the projection of the alveolus of the
(2) the anterior inferior angle of the parietal bone.
upper jaw.
ster'nal a.» a. of Louis, angulus Ludovici, the angle
a. of aberra'tion, a. of refraction.
between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
a, of ap'erture, the angle at the focus of a lens formed
ve'nous a., Pirogoff's a., the junction of the internal
by two lines drawn from opposite sides of its periphery, jugular and subclavian veins, toward which converge
a. of conver'gence, the a. which the visual axis makes
the external and the anterior jugular and the vertebral
with the median line when a near object is looked at.
veins, the thoracic duct, and the right lymphatic duct.
a. of devia'don, a. of refraction.
vis'ual a., the a. formed at the retina by the meeting
a. of in'cidence, (i) the a. which a ray entering a
of lines drawn from the periphery of the object seen.
refracting medium makes with a line drawn perpendic-
ular to the surface of this medium; (2) the angle which
Anglesey leg (ang'gl-se) [Marquis of Anglesey,
a ray striking a reflecting surface makes with a line
1768— 1854, for whom the leg was made,] An
perpendicular to this surface.
a. of reflec'tion, the a. which a ray reflected from a
early model of wooden leg, jointed at the knee
surface makes with a line drawn perpendicular to this and ankle.
surface; it is equal to the a. of incidence (2). angor (ang'gor) [L. quinsy, anguish.] Extreme
a. of refrac'tion» the a. which a ray leaving a refract- distress or pain. a. abdom'inis, angina
ing medium makes with a line drawn perpendicular abdominis, a. pec'toris, angina pectoris.
•
to the surface of this medium. angostura bark (an"gos-tu'rah) [Sp. Angostura, the
a. of the i'ris» the angle between the iris and the " Narrows, " a town on the Orinoco River, whence
cornea at the periphery of the anterior chamber of the
the bark is exported.] The bark of Cusparia*
eye.
a. of the jaw« angulus mandibulas TB N A], the a. formed
angustura {Galipea cusparia).
bythelowersurfaceof the body and the posterior edge of angosturine (an"gos-tu'ren). An alkaloid derived
the ramus of the mandible. from angostura bark; a bitter tonic.
a. of the man'dible, a. of the jaw. Angstrom's law (awng'strem) [Anders Jonas
a. of the pushes, pubic a. A ngstront, Swedish physicist, 181 4-1874.] A
a, of tor'sion, the angle formed by two axial planes substance absorbs light of the same kind, i.e. of
of a long bone.
the same wave-length, as it emits when luminous.
az'ial a., an angle formed by two surfaces of a body,
the line of union of which is parallel with its axis the
;
A.'s scale, a table of wave-lengths of a large
axial angles of a tooth are the distobuccal, distolahial number of light rays corresponding to as many
distoUngital, mesiobuccal, mesiolabial' and mesiolingual Fraunhofer's lines in the spectrtun A.*s u'nit,
(see these adjectives). mi'G'G micron, or .0000001 millimeter.
bas'ilar a., Broca's a., one formed by the intersec- Anguill'ula [L. dim. of anguilla, eel.J A genus of
tion at the basion of lines coming from the nasal spine nematode worms. A. ace'ti, the vinegar eel. A.
and the nasal point. intestina'lis, Strongyloides intestinalis, the para-
be'ta a., the angle formed by a line connecting the
sitic generation of a roimd worm infesting the
bregma and hormion meeting the radius fixus.
bior'bital a., that formed by the meeting of the intestine in tropical and subtropical countries.
axes o{ the orbits. A. stercora'lis, Strongyloides siercoralis, the free
cepharic a.» one of several angles formed by the stage of A. intestinalis, the mature worm of the
intersection of two lines passing through certain deter- embryo of the parasitic form.
mined points of the face or cranium. anguilluli'asis, anguillulo'sis. Infestation with
cos'tal a., the a. at which the lower border of the
Anguillula intestinalis.
false ribs meets the axis of the sternum.
angular (ang'gu-lar). Relating to an angle; marked
craniofa'cial a., the angle formed by the meeting
of the basifacial and basicranial axes at the midpoint by one or more bends, a. ar'tery, the facial artery
of the sphenoethnaoidal suture. in the neighborhood of the inner canthus of the eye.
fascial a.. Camper's a., the angle made by lines from a. convolu'tion, a. gy'nis, see gyrus angularis.
the external auditory meatus and the nasal spine meet- an'gulus, gen. and pi. an'guli [L.] An angle or
ing between the upper middle incisor teeth. corner; see angle, a. cos'tae, costal angle.*
gam'ma a., the a. between the axis of the eyeball a. ir'idis [BNA], angle of the iris, iridocorneal
and line of vision.
angle between the iris and the
angle, the acute
iridocor'neal a., a. of the iris.
line a., the line of meeting of two surfaces.
cornea at the periphery of the anterior chamber
metafa'cial a., Serres' a., angle between the ptery- of the eye. a. iridocomea^is, a. iridis. a.

goid processes and the base of the skull. Ludovi'ci, Louis' angle, sternal angle.* a.
me'ter a., the unit of convergence, the angle which mandib'ulse [BNA], angle* of the jaw. a.
the visual line makes with the median line when looking oc'uli [BNA], angle of the eye, canthus. a.
at an object distant one meter. o'ris, angle of the mouth, commissura* labionim
occip'ital a., Daubenton's a., one formed by the
[BNA]. a. pu'bis [BNA], pubic angle.* a.
intersection at the opisthion of lines from the basion
ster'ni, sternal angle.*
and from the lower border of the orbit.
 .

ANGUSTURA S4 ANISOHYPERC Y 1 ObiS

angustu'ra. Angostura. anilinoph'ilous. Anilinophil.

anhal'onine. An alkaloid from Anhalonium lewinii, anilipyrine (an"il-I-pi'ren.) A
substance obtained
occurring in the form of the hydrochloride, a by fusing i88 parts of antipyrine with 135 parts of
white crystalline powder soluble in water; acetanilide; occurs as a white crystalline powder,
recommended in asthma and angina pectoris. soluble in water; employed in rheumatism and
Anhalo'nium lewin'ii. Mescal buttons, a, Mexican influenza in doses of gr. 8 (0.5).
plant, employed in neurasthenia, asthma, angina an'ilism. Chronic aniline poisoning characterized
pectoris, and insomnia in doses of gr. 10-15 by gastric and cardiac weakness, vertigo, muscu-
(o 6-1 o) of the crude drug, or iKi-s (0.06-0.3)
. . lar depression, intermittent pulse, and cyanosis
of the fluidextract. anility (an-ill-ti) [L. anilitas, from anus, an old
anhaph'ia. Anaphia. woman.] Old age in woman.
anhedo'nia [G. an- priv. + hedone, pleasure.] an'ima [L. air, breath.] 1. The soul. :i. The
Absence of pleasure from the performance of acts active principle of a drug.
which would ordinarily be pleasurable. an'imal [L.] i. A
living and, in the higher orders,
anhe'la (anhela'tio) clamo'sa [L. anhelare, to pant; sentient being as distinguished from a vegetable
clamosus, noisy.] Whooping cough. or mineral. 2. One of the lower animals as

anhela'tion [L. anhelare, to pant] Shortness of distinguished from man. 3. Relating to the
breath, panting. physical as distinguished from the intellectual or
anhemato'sis [G. a»- priv. +
haimatosis, a changing psychic part of man.
into blood.] Insufficient or defective blood animalcule (an-i-mal'kul) [L. animalculum, dim. of
formation. animal."] A minute, microscopic, unicellular
anhemolytic {an-hem-o-lit'ik) [G. an- priv. +] animal organism; protozoan.
haima, blood, +
lytikos, capable of loosing or animal'ity. The sum of characteristics distin-
dissolving.] Not hemolytic, not destructive to guishing an animal from a vegetable organism.
the blood cells. anima'tion [L. anim^re, to make alive; anima,
anhep"atogen'ic [G. a«- priv. + heparQiepat-), liver, breath, soul.] i. The state of being alive.
+ gennad, I produce.] Not produced in or by 2. Liveliness, high spirits, suspen'ded a., a tem-
the liver. porary condition of apparent death, with cessa-
anhidrosis, anidrosis (an-hi-dro'sis, an-i-dro'sis) tion of respiration.
[G. an- priv. +
hidros, sweat.] Marked diminu- ani'odol. Trade name of a preparation sail to be
tion or suppression of perspiration. a I per cent, solution of paraformaldehyde; a
anhidrotic, anidrotic (an-hi-drot'ik, an-i-drot'ik) clear fluid of an alliaceous odor, employed as a
I. Checking perspiration. 2. Anything having germicide and disinfectant and for the steriliza-
a tendency to arrest or prevent perspiration. tion of instruments.
anhis'tic, anhis'tous [G. an- priv. +
histos, web.] anion (an'i-on) [G. anion, going up.] An ion which
Without apparent structure. carries a charge of negative electricity the element
;

an^ydremia, anhydraemia (an-hl-dre'ml-ah) [G. which, during electrolysis of a. chemical com-

an- priv. +
hydor, water, +
haima, blood.] De- pound, appears at the positive pole or anode.
ficiency in the fluid portion of the blood. The atoms of iodine, bromine, and chlorine are
anhydride (an-hi'drid) [G. an- priv. +
hydor, water.] anions in salts the acid molecules are anions.
;

An oxide which can combine with water to form anios (an^-os). Trade name of a preparation of for-
an acid, or which is derived from an acid by the maldehyde with phenol, employed as an antiseptic.
abstraction of water; see basic oxide.* aniridia [G. an- priv. + iris."] Absence, complete
anhydromyelia (an-hi"dro-mi-e'l!(-ah) [G. an- priv. or partial, of the iris; irideremia.
+ hydor, water, -I- myelon, marrow.] Deficiency an'isate. i. A salt of anisic acid, usually possess-
in the spinal fluid. ing antiseptic properties. 2. To flavor with anise.
anhydrous (an-hi'drus) [G. an- priv. -|- hydor, anischuria (an-is-ku'ri-ah) [G. an- priv. -I- ischouria,
water. ] Containing no water. retention of urine.] Incontinence of urine.
anhypno'sis [G. an- priv. -I- hypnos, sleep.] Insom- anise, (an'is). The fruit of Pimpinella anisum; see
nia. anisum. Chinese' a., star a., illiciimi.
anian'thinopsy [G. o«- priv. +
ianthinos, violet- an'iseed. Anisum.
colored, + Violet-blindness, ina-
opsis, vision.] anis'ic. Relating to anise, a. acid, a crystalline
bility to recognize violet or purple. volatile acid, C,H,Oj, obtained from aniseed; it
anidean (an-id'e-an) . Shapeless, amorphous; not- forms the antiseptic anisates.
ing a formless monster, anideus. ani'si fruc'tus (Br). Anisum. a. stella'ti fruc'tus
anideus (an-id'e-us) [G. an- priv. -I- eidos, shape.] (Br.), Chinese or star anise, illicitmi.
Fetus anideus; a shapeless monster; a simple, an'isine. An
alkaloid derived from anisum
rounded mass with slight indications of parts. an"isochromat'ic. [G. anisos, unequal, chroma, +
anidro'sis. Anhidrosis. color.] Not of uniform color.
an'ilide. Phenylamide, a compound in which an anisocor'ia [G. anisos, unequal, +
kore, pupil.] A
acid radical has been substituted for one of the condition in which the two pupils are not of
hydrogen atoms of the amide group. equal size.
anilin, aniline (an'I-len) [Ar. an-nil, indigo.] anisocyto'sis [G. anisos, unequal, +
kytos, a hollow
Phenylamine, C6H6(NH2), an oily, colorless or (cell), +
-oiM.] A
condition in which the red
brownish fluid of aromajic odor and acrid blood cells are not uniform in size.
taste, which combines with numerous substances anisog'tuny [G. anisos, unequal, -I- gamos, marriage.]
to form dyes of various colors; it is derived Fusion of two gametes unequal in size or form;
from benzene by the substitution of the group fertilization as distinguished from isogamy or
(NHj) for one of the hydrogen atoms. conjugation.
an'iline-wa'ter solu'tion. Koch*-Ehrlich stain. anisognathouB (an-K-sog'na-thus) [G. anisos,
anilinophil, anilinophile (an'1-lin'o-fil, or fil) uneven, -f gnathos, jaw.] Having jaws of ab-
[anilin +
G. philos, fond.] Noting a cell or normal relative size, the upper being wider than
histological structure which takes readily an the lower.
aniline stain. an"lsohy"percyto'sis [G. anisos, unequal, + hyper.
ANISOHYPERCYTOSIS ss ANNEALING LAMP

above, + kytos, cell.] A blood state in which the ankylochilia (ang-ki-lo-ki'U-ah) [G, ankyle, a stiff
number of leucocytes isincreased and the normal joint {ankylos, bent), -f- eheilos, lip.] Adhesion of
proportion between the different varieties is the lips to each other.
disturbed. ankylocolpos (ang-ki-lo-kol'pos) [G. ankyle, stiff
an"isohy"pocyto'sis [G. anisos, imequal, hypo, + joint {ankyhs, bent), -1- kolpos, gulf (vagina).]
beneath, +
kytos, cell.] A
condition in which the Adhesion of the walls of the vagina.
number of leucoc)rtes in the blood is decreased, ankylodactylia (ang-ki-lo-dak-til'I-ah) [G. ankyle,
the relative proportion between the different stiff joint (ankylos, bent), +
daktylos, finger.]
varieties being at the same time altered. Adhesion between two or more fingers or
aniso'ic. Anisic. toes.
an'isol. Methylphenyl ester, anisoil; a colorless ankyloglossia, ankyloglossum (ang-ki-lo-glos'I-ah,
ethereal liquid obtained from anisic acid. ang-ki-lo-glos'um) [G. ankyle, stiff joint {ankylos,
anisoleucocytosis (an"I-so-lu"ko-si-to'sis) [G. anisos, bent), -1- gZoiia, tongue.] Adhesion of the tongue
unequal, +
leukos, white, +
kytos, cell.] Aniso- to any part of the mouth, specifically, abnormal
normocytosis. shortness of the frenum lingUK tongue-tie.
an"isoine'Ua [G. anisos, unequal, +
melos, limb.] ankylomele (ang-ki-lo-me'le) [G. ankylos, bent.] 1.
A condition of inequality between two paired A curved or bent probe. 2. Fusion of the legs.
limbs. ankyloproctia (ang-ki-lo-prok'sW-ah) [G. ankyle,
anisometropia (an-i-so-me-tro'pi-ah) [G. anisos, stiff joint (ankylos, bent), -1- proktos, anus.]
unequal,- +
metron, measure, + ops, sight. ] A Imperforation or stricture of the anus.
state in which there is a pronounced difference ankylosed (ang'ki-lozd) Stiffened, bound by
in the power of refraction between the two eyes. adhesions, noting a joint in a state of ankylosis.
anisometrop'ic. i. Relating to anisometropia. 2. ankylosis (ang-ki-lo'sis) [G. ankylosis, stiffening of a
Having eyes markedly unequal in refractive power. joint.] Stiffening or fixation of a joint, bony
an"isonor"inocyto'sis [G. anisos, unequal, + L. a.,true a., osseous union between the bones form-
norma, rule, +
G. kytos, cell.] A
condition in ing a joint, extracap'sular a., stiffness of a joint
which the number of leucocytes in the blood is due to induration of the surrounding tissues.
normal, but the relation in numbers of the differ- false a., fibrous a. fi'brous a., stiffening of a
ent forms is abnormal. jointdue to the presence of fibrous bands between
aniso'pia [G. anisos, unequal, +
dps, sight.] A the bones forming the joint, intracap'sular a.,
condition of inequality in visual power between stiffness of a joint due to the presence of bony or
the two eyes. fibrous adhesions between the bones forming the
anisospore (an'I-so-spor) [G. anisos, unequal, + joint, ligamen'tous a., fibrovis a. spu'rious a.,
sporos, seed.] A
sexual cell uniting with one of extracapsular a. true a., bony a.
the opposite sex by conjugation to form a new Ankylos'toma [G. ankylos, hooked, -H stoma, mouth.]
organism, as distinguished from the nonsexual Ancylostoma, Uncinaria, * Dochmius.
cell, or isospore. ankylos'toma [G. ankyle, stiff joint (ankylos, bent),
an"isoste'monous [G. anisos, uneven, siemon, + + stoma, mouth.] Trismus,* lockjaw.
stamen.] In botany, noting a flower in which ankylostomi'asis. Uncinariasis, * ancylostomiasis,
the number of stamens is less than that of the dochmiasis, hookworm disease, tunnel-anemia,
parts of the corolla or of the petals. miner's anemia, Egyptian chlorosis, St. Gothard
an"isosthen'ic [G. anisos, unequal, sihenos, + disease.
strength.] Of unequal strength, noting two ankylotia (ang-ki-lo'shyah) [G. ankyle, stiff joint
muscles or groups of muscles either paired or (ankylos, bent), -I- ous(dt-), ear.] Imperforation
antagonists. or stenosis of the external auditory meatus.
anisotonic (an-i-so-ton'ik) [G. anisos, unequal, + ankylotome (ang'ki-lo-tom) [G. ankyle, stiff joint

tonos, tone.] Not having equal tension; having (ankylos, bent), -1- tomos, cutting.] A cutting
unequal osmotic pressure. instrument for separating abnormally adherent
asisot'ropal, anisotrop'ic, amsot'ropous [G. anisos, surfaces; specifically an instrument for cutting the
unequal, +
tropos, a turning.] 1. Not equal in frenum linguae for the relief of tongue-tie.
all directions. 2. Unequal in refracting power. ankylot'omy [G. ankyle, stiff joint (ankylos, bent),
ani'sum (U.S.), ani'si fruc'tus (Br.) [G. anison, anise, -I- tome, a cutting.] The division of abnormal
dill.] Anise, the fruit of Pimpinella anisum; adhesions between opposing surfaces; specifically
aromatic and carminative. The aqua, oleum, division of the frenum linguae for the relief of
and spiritus are official. tongue-tie.
anisu'ria [G. an- priv. +
isos, equal, ouron, + ankylurethria (ang-kil-u-re'thri-ah) [G. ankyle, stiff

urine.] Excretion of urine at varying rates, as joint (ankylos, bent), +

ourethra, urethra.] Im-
measured from hour to hour. perforation or stricture of the urethra.
anitrogenous (a"ni-troj'en-us). Non-nitrogenous. ankyroid (ang'ki-royd) [G. ankyra, hook, + eidos,
ankis'trodon. Ancistrodon. shape.] Hook-shaped.
ankle (ang'kl) [A.S. ancleow.] ±. The ankle-joint, anlage (ahn'lah-gheh) [German.] Proton, pri-
a. The leg between the foot and the swell of the
mordium.
calf. Ann'am ul'cer. Oriental boil.*
onk'le-bone. Talus,* astragalus. An'nandale's opera'tion [Thomas Annandale, Scotch
i. Exsection of the inters
ankle-clo'nus. A
rhythmical contraction of the surgeon, 1838-1907.]
calf muscles following a sudden passive dorsal nal condyle of the femur for knock-knee. 2.

flexion of the foot, the leg being semiflexed. Fixation by sutures of a loose cartilage in the
ank'le-jerk. Ankle reflex.* knee-joint.
ankle-joint'.Articulatio talocruralis, articulation annatt'o. Amotto.
between the tibia and fibula and the astragalus. anneal (S-nel) [A.S. anaelan, to bum.] In dentis-
See under reflex. try, to heat the gold leaf preparatory to its in-
ankle-re'flex.
ankyloblepharon (ang-ki-lo-blef'ar-on) [G. ankyle, a sertion into a cavity, in order to soften it and
stiff joint (ankylos, bent), + blepharon, eyelid.] make it aseptic.
Adhesion of the eyelids to each other. anneal'ing lamp. A
small alcohol lamp used by
ANNEALING LAMP 56 AJNUUYJMJ!-

dentists for heating the gold leaf in the operation cumference of the membrana tympani which
of filling a tooth-cavity., is fixed in the sulcus tympanicus. a. fibro'sus,

annez'a [L. annectare, to tie on, annex.] Append- one of two fibrous rings surrounding the
ages, parts accessory to the main organ or struc- atrioventricular orifices, circulus callosus
ture, a. oc'uli, the eyelids, lacrymal glands, etc., Halleri. a. fibro'sus fibrocartilag'inis inter-
associated with the eyeball, a. u'teri, uterine vertebra'lis [BNA], the fibrous ring forming the
appendages, the Fallopian tubes and ovaries. circumference of the intervertebral fibrocarti-
annexal (an-neks'al). Relating to the annexa. lage. a. htemorrhoidalis, a circular elevation at
annexitis (an-neks-i'(e')tis) [L. annexa + G. -tits.] the termination of Morgagni's rectal columns,
Inflammation of the uterine appendages, one or corresponding to the location of the external
both ovaries and oviducts, 1
sphincter muscle; it contains the venous anasto-
annex'opexy [L. annexa + G. pexis, a putting moses of the hemorrhoidal plexus, a. inguina'lis
together.] The operation of attaching the ovary abdominalis [BNA], internal abdominal ring, the
and oviduct, on one or both sides, to the anterior entrance to the inguinal canal, about half an inch
abdominal "wall. above the center of Poupart 's ligament, a. ingui-
annott'o. Amotto. na'lis subcuta'neus [BNA], external abdominal
ann'ual [L. annus, a year.] i. Relating to a year, ring, an opening in the aponeurosis of the obliquus
yearly, once a year. a. Aplant the root of which extemus just above the spine of the pubis, which
dies with the coming of frost, and which must be transmits the spermatic cord in the male, the
propagated anew each spring irom. seed or bulb. round ligament of the uterus in the female.
ann'uens [L. annuere, to nod to.] Musculus rectus a. ir'idis, ring of the iris, one of two zones on the
capitis anterior. anterior surface of the iris, separated by a circu-
ann'uent. Nodding, noting the annuens* muscle. lar line concentric with the pupillary border;
annu'itant. The designated person to whom an the u. iridis minor is the inner of the two
annuity is paid. zones and is much narrower than the other,
annu'ity [Fr. annuitl; L. annus, year.] A definite a. iridis major, u. mi'grans lin'guce, geograph-
sum of money paid annually to a designated per- ical tongue.* a. ova'lis, limbus* fossae ovalis
son, a. certain, an a. paid for a specified number [BNA]. a. prseputia'lis, the line of junction
of years to the beneficiary of a life-insurance of skin and mucous membrane at the anterior
policy or to his heirs in lieu of the payment of extremity of the prepuce- a. trache'se, one of the
the full amount of the policy at death, contin'- cartilaginous rings of the trachea, a. tendin'eus
gent a., one which is to terminate on the occur- commu'nis [BNA], ligament of Zinn. * a.
rence of some specified event, such as the mar- tympan'icus, tympanic ring, a more or less com-
riage of the annuitant, deferred' a., an a., the plete bony ring at the inner end of the external
payments of which do not begin until some time auditory meatus, giving attachment to the drum
in the future specified in the contract, joint a., membrane. a. umbilicalis, umbilical ring, an
one in which two or more persons participate opening in the linea alba through which pass
and which is terminated by the death of any the umbilical vessels in the fetus; it is at first
one of the annuitants, life a., an a. continued near the pubis, but gradually ascends to the
until the death of the annuitant, a. on the last center of the abdomen; it is closed in the adult,
survi'vor, one in which two or more persons partic- its site being indicated by the umbilicus or
ipate and which is terminated only on the death navel, a. urethra'lis, a thickening of the middle
of the last siuivivor. perpet'ual a., an a., to be muscular coat of the bladder around the urethral
paid for all time to the annuitant and to his opening, forming the sphincter vesicae muscle.
heirs after his death, survi'voiship a., an a. AnOC. Abbreviation for anodal, or positive pole,
paid to a designated person, called the nominee, opening contraction.
in case he survive the holder of an insurance anochlesia (an-6-kle'zi-ah) [G. an- priv. +
policy which contains such a provision as part ochlesis, disturbance.] i. Catalepsy. 2. Quietude.
of the contract, tem'porary a., one which ter- anochromasia (an"o-kro-ma'sI-ah). Achromasia(3).
minates after a specified number of payments anoci-association (i-no'sl-as-so-sl-a'shun) [G. a,
have been made, or earlier if the annuitant dies. priv.] A condition in which all noci*-associa-
value of the a., the net cost of an a., that is, the tions are excluded, thus preventing fear, pain,
net amount which must be paid therefor in one shock, and postoperative netaroses in cases of
sum. surgical operations or trauma.
ann'ular [L. annulus, ring.] Ring-shaped, circular. anociation (&-no-si-a'shun) . Anoci-association.
annulorrhaphy (an-u-lor'S-fl) [L. annulus, ring, + anococcygeal (a-no-kok-sij'e-al). Relating to both
G. raphe, seam.] Closure of a, hernial ring by anus and coccyx, a. body, a mass of fibrous and
suture. muscular tissues lying between the anus and
ann'ulus [L.] A ring; a circular or ring-shaped coccyx, a. lig'ament, a band of fibrous tissue
structure, a. abdomina'lis, the internal or exter- connecting the external sphincter ani and the
nal opening of the inguinal canal, a. inguinalis tip of the coccyx.
abdominalis or a. inguinalis subcutaneus. a. an'odal. Relating to the anode.
cilia'ris, the periphery of the iris. a. crura'lis, a. anode (an'ad) [G. anodos, a way up.] The positive
femoralis. a. conjuncti'vao [BNA], conjunc- pole of a galvanic battery or the electrode con-
tival ring, a narrow ring at the junction of the nected with it; the point at which a voltaic cur-
periphery of the cornea with the conjunctiva. rent enters an electrolyte.
a. femora'lis [BNA], crural or femoral ring; the ano'dic. Relating to the anode; electronegative.
upper opening of the femoral canal, bounded anod'mia [G. an- priv. -I- odme, stench.] Anosmia.
in front by Poupart's ligament, behind by the anodontia (an-o-don'shyah) [G. an- priv. -H odous
pectineus muscle, internally by Gimbernat's (odont-), tooth.] Absence of teeth.
ligament, and externally by the femoral vein. anodyne (an'o-din) [G. an- priv. -f- odyne, pain.]
a, fibrocartilagin'eus membra'nse tym'pani I. Quieting pain. 2. An agent which has the
[BNA], fibrocartilaginous ring of the drum power to relieve pain. Hofi'nuinn's a., see under
membrane, the thickened portion of the cir- Hoffmann.
ANODYNIA 57 ANSA

anodyn'ia. Freedom from or cessation of pain. from cataract or high degrees of refractive errors
anoesia (an-o-e'sl-ah) [G. anoesia, from a- priv. + or from the disuse of one eye in marked strabis-
noos, perception.] Idiocy, imbecility, lack of the mus; it results in amblyopia. 2. Anoopsia.
power of comprehension. anorchidism, anorchism (an-or'ki-dizm, an'or-
anoetic (an-o-et'ic). i. Relating to or suffering kizm) [G. an- priv. -|- orchis, testis.] Absence
from anoesia. 2. Incomprehensible. or failure of descent of the testicles.
anoia (an-oy'ah) [G. anoia, from a- priv. + noos, anorchus (an-or'kus) . A male without testicles in
understanding.] Anoesia. the scrotum, either through lack or through fail-
ure of descent.
anomaloscope (an-om'al-o-sk5p) [G. anomalos,
anorec'tal. Relating to both anus and rectum.
irregular, + shaped, I examine.] An instrument
anorexia (an-o-rek'si-ah) [G. an- priv. -1- orexis,
in the form of a telescope, employed for the de
appetite.] Loss of appetite, a. nervo'sa, a
tection of color blindness; i.e. of dichromatism and
condition marked by loss of appetite with loss
of anomalous trichromatism.
of weight, accompanied by delusions and marked
anomalot'rophy [G. anomalos, irregular, + trophe,
hysterical symptoms.
nourishment.] Abnormality in the nutritive
anorthog'raphy [G. an- priv. .+ orthos, straight, +
processes.
grapho, I write,] Agraphia, especially motor
anom'alous \a,ndmalo&, irregidar] Abnormal, un- agraphia.
usual, irregular. anortho'pia [G. an- priv. + orthos, straight, + ops
anomaly (S-nom'S-li) [G. anomalia, irregularity.] (dp-), eye.] Heterophoria.
Anything unusual or irregular or contrary to the a'noscope [L- anus + G. shaped, I view.] Anal
general rule. speculum, an instrument to facilitate inspection
ano'mia [G. o- priv. +
onotna, name.] Optic of the anal canal.
aphasia, inability to name objects, although they anosmat'ic. Relating to anosmia.
are subjectively perceived. anosmia (an-oz'mi-ah) [G. an- priv. + osme, sense
anonycliia (an-o-nikl-ah) [G. an- priv. + onyx of smell.] A loss of the sense of smell. It may
{onych-), nail.] Absence of the nails. be essential or true, due to lesion of the olfactory
anon'ymous [G. anonymos, from an- priv. + onyma, nerve; mechanical or respiratory, due to obstruc-
flame.] Nameless, a. ar'tery, arteria anonyma. tion of the nasal fossae; reflex, due to disease in
a. veins, venas anonymse. some other part or organ; functional, without
anoopsia (an-o-op'sJ-ah) [G ano, upward, + opsis, any apparent causal lesion.
vision.] Hyperphoria. anosmic (an-oz'mik). Without the sense of
smell.
Anopheles (an-of'e-lez) [G. anopheles, useless, harm-
anosodiaphoria (a-no"so-di-&-for'i-ah) [G. a- priv.
ful.] A genus of mosquitos of the family Culi- -|- nosos, disease, -j- diaphoria, difference.]
cidm, subfamily Anophelina. The sporogenous
Indifference, real or assumed, regarding the
cycle of the malarial parasite is passed in the body
presence of disease, specifically of paralysis.
cavity of a female mosquito of certain species of
anosognosia (S.-no"sog-no'si-ah) [G. o- priv. -f
this genus. A. albima'nus [L. albus, white, + nosos, disease, + gnosis, knowledge.] Ignor-
manus, hand], a species having white hind feet,
ance, real or feigned, of the presence of disease,
a common carrier of the malarial parasite. A* specifically of paralysis.
maculipen'niB, the type species of this genus;
anosphra'sia [G. an- priv. + asphrasia, smell.]
the wings are marked by spots formed of col- Anosphresia, anosmia.*
lections of scales; one of the most widely spread
anosphre'sia [G. an- priv. + osphresis, smell.]
species and active in the dissemination of the
Anosphrasia, anosmia.*
malarial germ. A. punctipen'nis, a species anospinal (a-no-spi'nal). Relating to the center in
which apparently does not transmit the malaria the spinal cord which controls the contraction of
germ. the anal sphincter.
anophelicide (an-S-fel'I-sid) [anopheles L. cadere,+ anosto'sis [G. an- priv. -f osteon, bone.] Failure of
to kill.] An agent which is destructive to the ossification.
anopheles mosquito. anotia (an-o'shyah) [G. an- priv. + ous(oi-), ear.]
anophelifuge (an-6-fel'I-fuj) [anopheles + L. fugare, Congenital absence of the pinna of the ear.
to chase away.] An agent which drives away or anotro'pia [G. and, up, -I- trope, a turning.] Upward
prevents the bite of anopheles mosquitos. squint, hyperphoria.
anoph'elism. The habitual presence in any region anotus (an-o'tus) [G. an- priv. + ous(dt-), ear.] A
of anopheles mosquitos. monster without ears, external or internal.
anopho'ria [G. ano, upward, + pharos, tending.] anovesical (a-no-ves'i-kal). Relating in any way
Hyperphoria. to both anus and urinary bladder.
anophthalmia (an-of-thal'mi-ah) [G. an- priv. -I- anoxe'mia, anoxae'mia [G. an- priv. + E. oxygen +
ophthalmos, eye.] Congenital absence of one G. haima, blood.] Deficient aeration of the
or both eyes. a. cyclo'pica, a condition in which blood.
the eyes and the orbits are rudimentary and anoxhe'mia, anoxhse'mia. Anoxemia.
fused together. anoxyemia, anoxysemia (an-oks-e-e'ml-ah). An-
anophthal'mog. Anophthalmus (i). oxemia.
anophtfaal'mus [G. an- priv. + aphthalmos, eye.] an'ozol. Trade name of a mixture of thymol and
1. Congenital absence of an eye, its place being iodoform, used in surgical dressings as a substi-
taken by a small solid or cystic body. ^. A tute for the latter.
monster without eyes. an'sa, gen. and pi. an'sce [L. handle of a jug.] Any
ano'pia [G. an- priv. +
dps(dp-) eye.] i. Anoph- anatomical structure in the form of a loop or an
thalmia. 2. Anopsia. 3. [G. and, upward.] arc, specifically one of the anastomosing loops
Hyperphoria. between the posterior spinal nerve roots, espe-
cially of the cervical nerves. 2. A small wire loop
anop'sia [G. an- priv. +
opsis, sight.] i. Non-use

of the faculty of vision, such as occurs in the case

used in bacteriological technique, a. cap'itis, the
of prisoners confined in dark cells, or results
zygomatic arch. a. hypoglos'si, loop of the
 ;

ANSA S8 ANTEROLATERAL

relieve or prevent asthma. 2. An agent which

hypoglossal nerve, a commtinicating branch,
sometimes two, on each side, from the descend- prevents or arrests an asthmatic attack.
ing ramus of the hypoglossus nerve and the antatroph'ic [G. anti, against, -f- atrophia.] j..

cervical nerves, a. lenticula'ris, lenticular ansa Preventing or curing atrophy. 2. An agent

which promotes the restoration of atrophied
or loop, a group of fibers of the thalamic radiation,
emerging from the anterior portion of the inferior structures.
aspect of the thalamus and passingto the lenticular antebrachial (an'te-brald-al). Relating to the fore-
nucleus, an'sae nervo'rum spina'Iium [BNA], arm.
loops of the spinal nerves, connecting branches antebrachium (an-te-brald-um) [L. ante, before,
between the anterior spinal nerves, a. pedun- -t- brachium, arm.] Forearm; also written anti-
cula'iis, peduncular ansa or loop, a group of brachium.
fibers of the thalamic radiation emerging from antecar'dium. Prscordium.
the under surface of the anterior part of the an'te ci'bum [L.] Before a meal.
thalamus and passing outward below the lenticu- antecor'nu. Anterior comu or horn, specifically
lar nucleus to the cortex of the temporal lobe the anterior comu of a lateral ventricle of the
and the insula; it. includes the lenticular loop brain.
and fibers of the inferior peduncle of the thala- antecuTiital [L. ante, before, -I- cubitum, elbow.]
mus, a. sacra'lis, a nerve cord connecting In front of the elbow, a. space, the triangular
the sympathetic nerve trunk and the ganglion hollow on the anterior surface of the elbow.
impar. a. subcla'via, subclavian loop, loop of antecur'vature. Anterior curvature, anteflexion.
Vieussens, the cord connecting the middle and antefebrile (an-te-fe'brll, an-te-feb'ril) [L. ante,

inferior cervical ganglia of the sympathetic, before, +

febris, fever.] Before the occurrence
which winds around the anterior and inferior of fever; before the period of reaction following
aspects of the subclavian artery. shock.
anserine (an'sur-in) [L. anser, goose.] Relating to anteflect' [L. ante, before, + flectere, to bend.] To
or resembling a goose or any part of one; see bend forward, or cause to bend forward
cutis anserina and pes anserinus, an"teflec'ted. Anteflexed.
Anstie's rule [Francis Edmund Anstie, English anteflec'tion. Anteflexion.
physician, 1833-1874.] The greatest amount of anteflex'. Anteflect.
alcoholic beverages which a man with sound anteflexed (an-te-fleksf) . In a state of ante-
organs may take daily without injury is the equiv- flexion.
alent of ij otuices of absolute alcohol. A.'s test, anteflex'io u'teri. See anteflexion.
for alcohol in the urine; a mixture of potassium anteflex'ion, A
bending forward; a sharp forward
bichromate i, sulphuric acid 300, is added a drop curve or angulation; noting especially a forward
at a time, when a green color appears if alcohol is bend in the uterus at the junction of body and neck
present. anteloca'tion [L. ante, before, -(- locare, to place.]
antacid (ant-as'id) [G. anti, against, +
L. acidum, Forward displacement of an organ or other part
acid.] I. Neutralizing an acid. 2. Any agent noting especially the anterior displacement as a
which reduces or neutralizes the acidity of the whole, without flexion or version, of the uterus.
gastric juice or any other secretion. antemet'ic [G. anti, against, -I- emetikos, emetic]
antacidin (ant-asT-din). Calcii* saccharas I. Preventing or arresting vomiting. 2. remedy A
antag'onism [G. aniagonismos, from anti, against, which tends to control nausea and vomiting.
-f agonizomai, I fight.] Opposition, mutual an'te moi'tem [L.] Before death, contrasting with
resistance; noting mutual opposition in action post mortem, after death.
between muscles, drugs, diseases, or physio- antenatal (an-te-na'tal) [L. ante, before, -I- natus,
logical processes or between drugs and diseases birth.] Occurring or existing before the birth of
or drugs and physiological processes. the individual.
antag'onist. That which opposes or resists the antenna, pi. antenn'iB (an-ten'ah) [L. a sail-yard.]
action of another; noting certain muscles, drugs, A feeler, one of the two lateral appendages pro-
etc., which tend to neutralize or impede the action jecting forward from the anterior segment of
or eifect of other muscles, etc asso'ciated a., the head of an arthropod.
one of two muscles or groups of muscles which an'te par' turn [L.] Before delivery or childbirth;
pull in nearly opposite directions, but which, contrasted with post partum, after delivery.
when acting together, move the part in a path antepros'tate [L. ante, before.] Cowper's gland.
between their diverging lines of action. anteprostatitis (an-te-pros-ta-ti'(te')tis). Inflam-
antag'onize. To neutralize, prevent action, or mation of Cowper's glands.
destroy effect. antepyret'ic [L. ante, before, +
G. pyreios, fever.]
antalge'sic [G. anti, against, + algesis, pain.] Antefebrile. (Not to be confounded with anti-
' Anodyne. pyretic.)
antal'gic [G. anti, against, +
algos, pain.] Anodyne. ante'rior [L] i. Before, in relation to time or
antal'kaline [G. anti, against.] Reducing or neu- space; in front of or in the front part of; ventral,
tralizing alkalinity. hemal, as contrasted with dorsal, neural. 2. In
antaphrodisiac (anf'af-ro-diz'J-ak) [G. anti, against, botany, noting that part of a lateral member
+ aphrodisiakos sexual.] Anaphrodisiac.
, which is away from the parent axis. 3. In
antaphrodit'ic. 1. Anaphrodisiac. a. Antivenereal. dentistry, oral, noting the six front teeth in
antapoplec'tic [G. anti, against.] Having a supposed either jaw.
power to prevent apoplexy or relieve its effects. antero-. A
prefix denoting anterior.
ant"arthrit'ic [G. anti, against, -I- arthritikos, grav- an'tero-exter'nal. In front and to the outer side.
ity.] I. Relieving gout .e. A
remedy for an'terograde [L. gradior, gradi, to step.] Moving
gout. forward.
antasthen'ic [G. anti, against, +
astheneia, weak- an'tero-infe'rior. In front and below.
ness.] Strengthening, invigorating, or an agent an'tero-inter'nal. In front and to the inner side.
possessing such qualities. anterolat'eral. In front and to the side, especially
anfasthmafic [G. anti, against.] x. Tending to the outer side.
 ; ;

ANTEROMEDIAL 59 ANTHROPOMETRY
anterome'dial. In front and toward the inner side anthraglu"carham'nin. A glucoside from Rhamnus
or middle line'. frangula, possessing cathartic properties.
anterome'dian. In front and in the central line. anthraglucorhein (an"thra-glu-ko're-in). A gluco-
anteroposte'iioT. Relating to both front and rear side from nihbarb, having cathartic properties.
anterosupe'iior. In front and above. an"thraquin'one. A yellow substance obtained by
anteversion (an-te-vur'shun) [L. ante, before, + the action of glacial acetic acid, potassium bi-
versio, a turning.] Ttiming forward, inclining chromate, and anthracene; used in the manufac-
forward as a, whole without bending; noting a ture of alizarin and as a reagent.
malposition of this nature of the uterus. anthrar'obin. A derivative of alizarin, a light
antevert'. To incline forward; to cause to incline brownish or yellowish powder, employed in 5 to
forward. 10 per cent, ointment in ringworm and psoriasis.
anteverfed. Tilted forward; in a position of an'thrasol. A distillate from coal-tar, resembling
anteversion. olive oil in color and consistency; employed for
anthe'la [G. anthele, the downy plume of the seed.] the relief of pruritus and in skin affections in 10
In botany, an irregular cymose corymb, in which to 20 per cent, ointment.
the branches of the inflorescence are progressively an'thrax [G. a live coal.] 1. Carbuncle, u. Splenic
shorter from below upward. fever, an infectious disease of animals, especially
antheliz (ant'he-liks, an'the-liks) [G. anti, against, the herbivora, due to the presence in the blood of
+ helix.l An elevated ridge of cartilage anterior Bacillus anthracis. 3. "Wool-sorters' disease (pul-
and roughly parallel to the posterior portion of monary form), mycosis intestinalis (gastroenteric
the helix of the auricle. form), inalignant pustule or malignant .edema
anthelminthic (an-thel-min'thik) . Anthelmintic. (cutaneous form), occurring in man from infection
anthelmintic (an-thel-min'tik) [G. anti, against, + with Bacillus anthracis; the disease is marked by
fte/mt'n^, worm.] i. Having the power to destroyer hemorrhage and serous effusions ia the organs and
expel intestinal worms. A
2. vermifuge, ven'- cavities in the body, and symptoms of extreme
enous a., one which acts by directly poisoning prostration, cer'ebral a., a form of internal a.,
the worm. associated with pulmonary or intestinal a., in
an'themis, anthem'idis flo'res (Br.). Chamomile, which the specific bacilli invade the capillaries of
the flowering heads of Anthemis nohilis; tonic, the brain; in addition to the symptoms of pul-
aromatic, and stomachic, in doses of gr. 30-60 monary or intestinal a., there is violent delirium.
(2.0-4.0) in the form of a tea or extempora- emphysem'atous a., symptomatic a. intes'tinal a.
neous infusion. gastroenteric a form of internal a. marked by
a.,
anthemorrhagic (ant-hem-6-raj'ik). Having the chill, high fever, pain in the head, back, and
power to prevent or arrest hemorrhage. extremities, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, great
an'ther [G. antheros, blooming.] The part of the prostration, and frequently hemorrhages from
stamen of a flower which bears the pollen. the mucous membranes and in the skin (petechia)
antherid'ium. The spore-bearing organ in a crypto- the disease is usually fatal, malig'nant a.,
gamic plant corresponding to the anther in a splenic fever, charbon, same as anthrax (2).
phanerogamic plant. pul'monary a., wool-sorters' disease, a form of
antherozoid (an'ther-o-zoyd). A motile body, internal a. acquired by inhalation of dust con-
formed through the splitting up of the antherid- taining B. anthracis; there is an initial chill fol-
ium, which fertilizes the oosporangium in fungi. lowed by pain in the back and legs, rapid respira-
Anthomy'ia canalicular'is [G. anthos, flower, myia, tion, dyspnea, cough, fever, rapid pijlse, and
fly.] The small black horse-fly, the larvse of extreme prostration, symptomat'ic a., a cattle
which are sometimes parasitic in the intestine of disease characterized by the occurrence of foci of
man, being hatched there from the ingested eggs emphysematous phlegmons and gangrene; due to
alarming symptoms of gastroenteric irritation the presence of an anaerobic 'organism. Bacillus
may be caused by it. carbonis.
anthracemia, anthracEemia (an"thr3.-se'ml-ah) [G. ,
an"thTopogen'esis [G. anthropos, man, + genesis,
anthrax + haima, blood.] Generalized anthrax origin.] Anthropogeny. :,

infection, with presence of the bacilli in the periph- anthropogen'ic, anthropogenet'ic. Relating to an-
eral blood circiilation; also written anthrakemia. thropogeny.
an'thracene [G. anthrax, coal.] A
hydrocarbon, anthropogeny (an-thro-poj'en-1) [G. anthropos, man,
CnH],,, obtained from coal-tar; the alizarin dyes -t- gennao, I produce.] Anthropogenesis the ;

are manufactured from it. origin and development of man, both individual
anthra'cia. The occurrence of carbuncles. and racial.
anthracic (an-thras'ik). Relating to anthrax. anthropog'ony. Anthropogeny.
an'thracin. i. Anthracene. 2. A
toxin of the anthropog'raphy [G. anthropos, man, -t- grapho, I
anthrax bacillus. write.] The geography of man, the distribution
an'thiacoid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a of the human races. .'.

carbuncle or a malignant pustule; resembling an'thropoid [G. anthropos, man, + eidos, resem-
anthrax or its bacillus. blance.] I. Resembling man in structure and
form. ^. One of the monkeys resembling man,
anthracom'eter [G. anthrax, coal (carbon), -1- metron,
measure.] An instrument for determining the an ape.
amount of carbon dioxide in the air or other Anthropoidea (an-thro-po-id'e-ah) [G. anthropos,
gaseous mixture. man, + eidos, resemblance.] A
suborder of
an"thraconecro'sis [G. anthrax, coal, -f- nehrosis, Primates, including man and the monkeys.
deadness.] Dry, black gangrene. anthropol'ogy [G. anthropos, man, + -logia.] The
anthraco'sis [G. anthrax, coal.] A
form of pulmo- branch of science which treats of man in all his
nary dust-disease or pneumonoconiosis. due to the relations, crim'inal a.., a in its relation to the
inhalation of coal-dust; coal-miners' disease. . habitual criminal, his physical and. mental pecu-
an"thragall'ol. Trioxyanthraquinone, a reaction liarities, heredity, social relations, etc.

product of benzoic, gallic, and sulphuric acids; anthropom'eter. One skilled in anthropometry.
a brown dye. anthropom'etry [G. anthropos, man, + metron, meas-
 —
ANTHROPOMETRY 60 ANTICLINAL

ure.] The branch of anthropology which deals with antiasthmatic (an"t!-az-mat'ik) [G. anti, against.]
1. Relieving or preventing asthma. 2. A remedy
the comparative measurements of the hunian body
and its several parts, ciim'inal a., bertillonage. that may prevent or shorten an asthmatic parox-
anthropoph'agy [G. anthropos. man, + phago, I ysm.
eat.] Cannibalism. antiautolysin (an-tl-aw-tol'i-sin). An antibody an-
an"thropopho'bia [G. anthropos, man, + phobos, tagonizing an autolysin.
fear.] A morbid aversion to or dread of human antibacte'rial. Destructive to or preventing the
companionship. growth of bacteria.
anthroposomatology (an-thro"po-so-ma.-tol'o-jI) [G. antibac'terin. Trade name of an antiseptic solution
anthropos, man, + soma, body, + -logia."] That which has been proposed as a remedy for tubercu-
part of anthropology which has to do with the losis.
human body, such as anatomy, physiology, path- antibecbic (an-tJ-bek'ik) [G. anti, against, -I- hex
ology, etc. (bech-), cough.] 1. Havingtheproperty of reliev-

an"thropotox'in. A
supposed tojdn in the exhaled ing cough, z. A cough remedy.
breath. antibio'sis [G. against, + biosis, life.] An
anti,
anthydrop'ic (ant-hi-drop'ik or an-thi-drop'ik). association of two organisms which is detrimental
Antihydropic. to one of them.
anthyll'is. The dried flowers of Anihyllis vuU antibiot'ic. i. Relating to antibiosis. 2, Prej-

neraria, woundwort, stomachwort they are styp- ; udicial to life.

tic and vulnerary. antiblennorrhagic (an-tl-blen-o-raj'ik). Preventive
anthypnotic (ant-hip-not'ik). Antihypnotic. or curative of catarrh or of gonorrhea; also a
anti- [G. anii, against.] A
prefix signifying against, remedy possessing such properties.
opposing, or, in relation to symptoms and an'tibody [G. anti, against.] Any substance in the
diseases, curative. blood-serum or other fluids of the body which
antia'brin. An antibody or antitoxin to abrin. exerts a specific restrictive or destructive action
antiacid (an-tJ-as'id). Antacid. on bacteria or other noxa, or neutralizes their
antiaditis (an-tl-ad-i'(e')tis) [G. antias{antiad-), an toxin; antitoxins, precipitins, agglutinins, im-
enlarged tonsil, H itisl] Tonsillitis. mune bodies, opsonins, and lysins are anti-
antiagglu'tinin. A specific antibody preventing the bodies.
action of an agglutinin. antibrachial (an-tl-bra'kl-al). Relating to the
antiaggress'in. A specific antibody preventing the forearm.
action of an aggressin. antibrachium (an-tl-bra'kl-um) [G. anti, against
antial'btunate, antialbu'minate. Parapeptone. opposed, + brachion, arm.] [BNA] The forearm.
antial'bumid. An acid albumin or metaprotein, antibro'mic. + bromos, smell.]
[G. anti, against,
resistant to the action of the digestive fluids; I. Deodorizing. deodorizer.
-^. A
it is obtained by boiling a protein with dilute sul- antibrule (an'ti-brool) [G. anti, against, -1- Fr.
phuric acid. brAler, to bum.] Trade name of an antiseptic
antialbumin (an-Vl-al-bu'min) . constituent ofA preparation proposed as an application to bums
albumin which is supposed to be the source of and scalds.
antialbumose formed during digestion. antical'culous. Antilithic; preventing the forma-
antial'buinose. An albumose formed during the tion of calciili ot" promoting their solution.
peptic digestion of albumin; further hydrolysis antican'crin. A
supposed antibody to cancer cells.
converts it into antipeptone. anticar'dium [G. anti, against, -f kardia, heart.]
antialex'in. Aspecific antibody to an alexin; Precordium.
anticonaplement. antica'rious. Preventing caries.
antiam'boceptor. A antibody
specific to an anticataphylaxis (an"ti-kat-&-fi-laks'is) [L. anti,
amboceptor, anti-immune body. against, opposed to.] Interference with the
antianaphylac'tin. A specific antibody to an cataphylaxis or the transport of
phylactic
anaphylactin. agents to the site of infection.
antianaphylazis (an"tl-an"ah-fi-lak'sis). A con- anticatarrhal (an-ti-kS-tar'al). Preventive or cura-
dition neutralizing anaphylaxis that is, immunity.
; tive of catarrhal inflammation of the mucous
anti-an'tibody. An antibody to an antibody. membranes.
anti-antitoz'in. An antibody to an antitoxin. anticath'ode. Target, a metal plate in an «-ray
antiapoplec'tic. Antapoplectic. tube on which the cathode rays impinge, giving
antiarachnolysin (an-tt-ar-ak-nol'i-sin) [G. anti, origin to the x-rays.
against, -f- arachne, spider, + lysin."] An anti- an'tichlor. Trade name of a preparation of sodium
venin counteracting the poison of the spider. sulphite used as a food preservative.
antiarin (an-ti-ar'in) A glucoside, the active
. antichlor'en. Trade name of an albuminate of
principle of antiaris. mercury prepared by the action of biniodide and
antiar'is. Upas, a gum-resinous exudate from bichloride of mercury on peptone; employed in
Antiaris toxicaria, a tree of the East Indies, used the treatment of syphilis in dose of gr. \ (o.oi).
as an arrow poison; it is a vasomotor, cardiac, and anticholagogue (an-tI-kol-,>i-gog). Depressing the
muscular paralyzer. hepatic fimction, opposing the secretion of bile.
antiar'senin. An antibody formed in the blood after anticholerin (an-ti-kol'er-in). A protein obtained
repeated small, but increasing, doses of arsenic. from cultures of the cholera bacillus, employed in
antiar'thrin. i. Trade name of a brown powder, the treatment of cholera.
the concentration product of saligenin and anticipate (an-tis'i-pat) [L. anticipare, to take in
tannin; antiarthritic, antipjrretic, and analgesic advance.] To come before the appointed time;
in doses of gr. 15-20 (1.0-1.2).. 2. A proprie- said of a periodical symptom or disease, such as
tary antirheumatic remedy said to contain sal- a malarial paroxysm, when it recurs at progress-
icin with the taste masked by roasted chestnut. ively shorter intervals.
an'tiarthrit'ic [G. anti, against, 4- arthritis.] 1. anticli'nal[G. anti, against, +
klino, I incline.]
Tending to prevent or cure gout. 2 An anti- Inclined in opposite directions, as the two sides
gout remedy. of a pyramid.
 .

ANTICLOUDINE 6i ANTIISOLYSIN

anticloud'ine. Trade name of a preparation to antidysenter'ic. Relieving or preventing dysentery.

prevent the precipitation of moisture on eye- antidysu'ric. Preventing or relieving strangury or
glasses or on the mirror of a laryngoscope. distress in urination.
anticne'inion [G. antiknemion.] The shin. antiemetic (an"tl-e-met'ik) [G. anli, against, +
anticoagulant (an"tl-ko-ag'u-lant). i. Anticoagu- emetikos, nauseated.] i. Preventing or arresting

lative. 2. An agent preventing coagulation. vomiting. 2. An agent which relieves nausea or

anticoag'ulative. Preventing coagulation. arrests vomiting, a. root, cyperus.
anticoagulin (aa"ti-l£0-ag'u-lin). An antibody to antiendotoz'in. An antibody elaborated by a
coagulin. leucocyte, acting upon the endotoxin of the
anticom'plement. A substance which combines ingested bacteria.
with a complement and so neutralizes its action antienergic (an"tl-en-iir'jik) [G. anti, against, +
by preventing its tmion with the amboceptor; energos, active.] Acting against or in opposition.
antialexin. antienzyme (an"tl-en'zim). 1. An antibody to an
anticomplemen'taiy. Noting a substance possess- enzyme. 2. An inhibitory enzyme, one capable
ing the power of diminishing or abolishing the of retarding or checking the activity of another
action of a complement. enzyme.
anticoncip'iens [G. anti, against, +
L. concipere, to antiepithe'lial se'rum. A sertmi containing a
conceive.] Anagent preventing conception. cytotoxin specific for epithelium.
anticonta'gious. Preventing contagion. antifebrile (an"tJ-fe'bnl, an"tl-feb'ril) [G. anti,
anticonvul'sive. i. Preventing or arresting con- against, -f L. febris, fever.] Antipyretic.
vulsions. 2. An agent which tends to prevent antifeb'rin. Trade name of acetanilide. a. sal'-
or arrest convulsions. icylate, salifebrin.
anticor (an'tl-kor). A
sore in the horse caused by antifer'ment. Antienzyme.
pressure or friction by the harness. antifennen'tative. Preventing or arresting fer-
anticor'nutin. Trade name of an antiseptic prepa- mentation.
ration of the sulphates of iron, zinc, and copper antiform'in. Trade name of a disinfectant con-
or calcium. taining about 5.3 per cent, of combined chlorine
antico'roin. Trade name of an antiseptic prepara- and 7.5 per cent, of free sodium hydrate; as it
tion of the sulphates of iron, zinc, and magnesiiun. does not act upon tubercle bacilli, it is employed
anticoiro'sive. Preventing corrosion. to isolate these organisms from sputum.
antlcreatinine (an"H-kre-at'in-en). leucomaine A antifun'gin. Trade name of a preparation con-
from creatinine. taining borate of magnesium, employed in solu-
an'ticrisis. Anything which prevents the crisis of a tion as a gargle in diphtheria and sore throat.
disease, or one of the crises of tabes dorsalis. antigalactagogue (an"tI-gal-ak'ta-gog) [G. anti,
Preventing the crisis of a disease;
anticrit'ical. against, +
gala(galakt^), milk, -f- agogos, drawing
preventing or relieving one of the crises of tabes forth.] Antigalactic.
dorsalis. antigalac'tic [G. anti, against, +
gala(galakt-),
anticu'bital. Antecubital. milk.] I. Diminishing or arresting the secretion

anti'cus [L. in the very front.] term in ana- A of milk 2. An agent which dries up the secre-
tomical nomenclature to designate a, muscle or tion of milk.
other structure which of all similar structures antigen (an'ti-jen) [antiipody) +
G. gennao, I pro-
is nearest the front or ventral surface; the [BNA] duce.] Any substance which, when introducen
employs "anterior" in place of anticus. into the animal organism, causes the productiod
anticu'tine. An antibody in the serum of some of an antibody; hatpin (z). therapeu'tic a.,
tuberculous subjects which, when mixed with a substance which, when injected into the body,
tuberculin, will so neutralize the latter that it will excites the production of protective antibodies.
no longer cause an antireaction. antigonorrhe'ic. Curative of gonorrhea.
anticytotoz'in [G. anti, against, -1- kytos, cell, -I- antihe'Ux. Anthelix.
E. toxin.] A
specific antibody inhibiting the antihemagglu'tinin. An antibody to hemagglu-
action of a cytotoxin. tinin.
antidiabe'tin. Trade name of a sweetening sub- antihemolysin (an"ti[-he-niol'i-sin). A substance
stance, a mixture of mannite and saccharin, which neutralizes the action of an hemolysin;,
for the use of diabetics. an antibody to hemolysin.
antidi'astase. An antibody to diastase. antihemolyt'ic. Preventing hemolysis.
antidin'ic [G. anti, against, -I- dinos, dizziness.] i. antihidrot'ic [G. anti, against, +
hidrotikos, sudo-
Relieving vertigo. 2. An agent which prevents rific ] Antisudorific. i Arresting the secretion
.

or relieves vertigo. of sweat. 2. An agent which prevents or arrests

antidiph'therin. A
protein obtained from cultures sweating.
of diphtheria bacilli; used as a local application antihormone (an-tl-hor'mon). Chalone.
in diphtheria. antihydrop'ic [G. anti, against, + hydropikos, dropsi-
antido'lorin [G. anti, against, +
L. dolor, pain.] cal.] I. Relieving dropsy. An agent which
2.

Trade name of a preparation of ethyl chloride, causes dropsical effusions to disappear.

used for the relief of superficial pain. antihy'dropin. Trade name of a diuretic from
antido'tal. Relating to or acting as an antidote. Blatta orientalis or the cockroach, given in doses
an'tidote [G. antidotos, from anti, against, + dotos, of gr. 10-15 (o.6-i.o).
what is given.] An
agent which neutralizes a antihyster'ical. Relieving or preventing hysteria.
poison or counteracts its effects, chem'ical a., antiicteric (an"tl-ik'ter-ik). Preventing or curing
a substance which unites with a poison to form jaundice.
an innoxious chemical compound, mechan'ical antiimmune body (an"tl-im-mun' bodi). Anti-
a., a substance which prevents the absorption of a
amboceptor, an antibody to the immtme body.
poison, physiolog'ical a., an agent which produces antiintermediary body (an"tl-in-tur-me'dl-a-rf
systemic effects contrary to those of a given poison. bod'I). Antiamboceptor.
antido'tum. Antidote, a. arsen'ici, antidote to antiisol'ysin. A substance which will inhibit the
arsenic, ferri* hydroxidum cum magnesii oxido. action of an isolysin.
ANTIKAMNIA 62 ANTIPERIODIC

antikam^ma [G. anti, against, + hamno, I am ill.] antimo'nious. i. Antimonial. Noting a chem-
:<.

A proprietary analgesic and hypnotic, said to ical compound containing antimony in its
contain acetanilide or acetphenetidin, caffeine, trivalent relation, a. chlor'ide, SbClj, butter of
and sodium bicarbonate; the dose recommended antimony, a. ox'ide, Sb,©,, antimony trioxide,
is gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). antimonii oxidum (Br.), a. sulphide, black anti-
antiketogenesis (an-tl-ke-to-jen'e-sis) [G. anti, mony.
against, + ketone + genesis, production.] The antimo'nium. Antimony, a lustrous grayish metal,
lowering of acidosis through the oxidation of symbol atomic weight 120.2. anti-
Sb(5(»fci«»>),
sugar and allied substances in the body; the sugar mo'nii chlor'idum, butter of antimony, employed
or alcohol is supposed to act as the reducing agent externally as a caustic for the removal of warts
becoming oxidized, while the diacetic acid and other small growths; antimo'nii et potas'sU
through its ketone group acts as the oxidizer, tar'tras (U.S.), antimonium tartaratum (Br.),

thereby becoming reduced. tartar emetic, antimonium and potassium tar-

antiketogen'ic [anti, against, +
ketone{a.cetone) + trate; in crystals or white graniUar powder,
gennao, I produce.] Inhibiting the formation expectorant in doses of gr. -jVtV (o-°03-
of acetone. 0.006), emetic in doses of gr. J-i (0.03-0.06).
antiketoplas'tic [anti, against, +
feetonc (acetone), a. ni'grum purifica'tum (Br.), purified black anti-
+ plassd, I form.] Reducing the amount of mony, a dark gray crystalline powder, anti-
acetone compounds excreted in urine or breath. mo'nii ox'idum (N.F. and Br.), antimonious
antiM'nase. An antibody to kinase. oxide,antimony trioxide, a heavy white powder;
antiku'tine. Anticutine. expectorant and emetic in doses of gr. 1-2
antilac'tase. An antibody preventing the ferment (0.06-0.13). a. sulphura'tum (N.F. and Br.),
action of lactase. sulphurated antimony, kermes-mineral, a. red-
antilactose'rum. A serum containing the antibody dish or orange-red powder, employed as an
to the precipitin of lactoserum, emetic in dose? of gr. 1-3 (o 06-0 2) antimo'nii
. . .

antilem'ic, antiloem'ic [G. anti, against, + loimos, sul'phidum purifica'tum, purified antimonium
plague.] Preventive or curative of the plague. sulphide, purified black antimony; employed in
antilep'tic [G. antileptikos, able to check.] Pre- the manufacture of antimonium sulphufatum.
venting an attack of disease. a. tartara'tum (Br.), tartrated antimony, tartar
antileu'cocidin. An antibody to the leucocidin of emetic, antimonii et potassii tartras (U.S.).
streptococcus cultures. an'timony. Antimoniimi, stibium, black a., the
antileucotoz'in. An antibody to a leucotoxin. native sulphide of antimony, antimonious sul-
autilith'ic [G. anti, against, + lithos, stone.] i. phide, stibnite, SbjSj, freed from impurities.
Anticalculous. 2. An agent which prevents the butt'er of a., antimonious chloride, SbCl,, em-
formation of calculi, especially uiic-acid calculi, ployed as a caustic, com'pound pill of a., Plum-
or is supposed to effect their solution. mer's* pill, pow'der of a., James'* powder.
antilo^ium [G. anti, against, +
lobos, lobe of the wine of vinum* antimonii.
a.,
ear.] Tragus. antimu'corin. An antiseptic preparation of the
antiluetic (an-tl-lu-et'ik). Antisyphilitic. sulphates of iron and zinc.
antil'jrein. An
antibody to a lysin. antimycot'ic [G. anti, against, +
mykes, fimgus.]
antil'ysis. The result of the action of an antilysin Antimicrbbic, antibacterial; destructive to fungi.
whereby cytolysis is prevented, and sometimes antinephrit'ic. Preventing or relieving inflamma-
bacteriolysis is permitted. tion of the kidneys.
antilyss'ic. Antirabic preventing or curing rabies. antiner'vin. Salicylbromanilide.
antilyt'ic. Preventing lysis, especially cytolysis or antineural'gic. Relieving the pain of neuralgia.
hemolysis. an"tineurotox'in. An antibody to a neurotoxin.
antimala'rial. Preventing or curing malarial infec- antin'iad. Toward the antinion.
tion. antin'ial. Relating to the antinion.
antimere (an'tl-mer) [G. anti, against, + meros, a antin'ion [G. anti, against (opposite), inion, nape +
part.] I. A segment of an animal body formed of the neck.] The space between the eyebrows;
by planes cutting the axis of -the body at right the point on the skull opposite the inion.
angles. 2. One of the symmetrical parts of a antinonn'in. Trade name of sodium orthodinitro-
bilateral organism. cresylate; a yellow paste soluble in water; anti-
antimer'istem [G. anti, against, + meristem, embry- septic and insecticide in i per cent, solution.
onal tissue.] An alleged antitoxin for the sup- antin'osin [G. anti, against, -I- nosos, disease.]
posed pathogenic microorganism of malignant Nosophen-sodiimi, a soluble bluish powder, anti-
growths. septic; employed as a substitute for iodoform,
antimetro'pia. A form of anisometropia in which and in solution as an application to the inflamed
one eye is myopic and the other hypermetropic. mucous membranes of the upper air tract. •

antimiasmat'ic. Antimalarial. antiodontal'gic [G. anti, against, odousfpdont-), +

antimicro'bic. i- Opposed to or disbelieving in the tooth, -H a/g05, pain.] i. Relieving toothache. 2.
pathogenic action of microorganisms. 2. Tending A toothache remedy.
to destroy microbes, to prevent their develop- antiorgas'tic. Antaphrodisiac, anaphrodisiac
ment, or to prevent their pathogenic action. antiparalyt'ic. Reputed to relieve paralysis.
antimo'nial. Containing or relating in any way to antiparasit'lc. Destructive to parasites.
antimony. antipar'asitin. Potassium dinitrocresylate; antisep-
antimon'ic. Antimonial.
i. 2. Noting a chemical tic and
antiparasitic.
compound containing antimony in its quin- antiparas'tata [G. anti, against, + parastatls, a-

quivalent relation, a. acid, one of three acids testicle.] Cowper's gland.

HjSbO, (ortho-), HSbO, (meta-), and H^SbjO, antip'athy [G. anti, against, -I- pathos, suffering.]
(pyro-antimonio acid), a. ox'ide, SbjOj, anti- Enantiopathy.
mony pentoxide, a lemon-yellow insoluble powder. antipep'tone [G. anti, instead of.] One of the
an'timonide. A chemical compound containing products of the splitting of amphopeptone.
antimony in union with a more positive element. antiperiodic (an"tI-pe-rI-od'ik). Preventing the
m
1
 .

/^TIPERIODIC 63 ANTISEPSIS

regular recurrence of a disease or a symptom.; antipyre'sis. Treatment of fever as a symptom.

antimalarial. antipyret'ic [G. anii, against, +
pyreios, fever.] 1.
intiperiostin (an"tl-per-I-os'tin). Trade name of a Reducing fever. 2. An agent tending to reduce
remedy for spavin and other swellings in the horse. fever, a febrifuge.
jntiperistal'sis. Reversed peristalsis; contrary in- antipyri'na (U.S.). Antipyrine, phenazone (Br.),
testinal contractions forcing the contents upward. phenyldimethyl-pyrazolon in colorless lamellar
;

Eintiperistal'tic. ±. Relating to antiperistalsis. u. crystals or a crystalline powder, soluble in water;

Impeding or arresting peristalsis. antipyretic and analgesic in doses of gr. 5—20
antiphagin (an-tif'a-jin) [G. aAti, against, + phag- (0.3-1.3).
(ocyie).] Virulin, a substance developed in viru- antipyrine (an-ti-pi'ren or an-tl-pi-ren') [G. anii,
lent bacteria which renders them resistant to the against, + pyreios, fever.] Antipyrina (U.S.),
phagocytes; the substance is an antiopsonin, phenazone (Br.), a. acetylsal'icylate, acetopyrine,
neutralizing opsonin in the test-tube. acopyrine, a white crystalline powder, a com-
antiphagocyt'ic. Impeding or preventing the action pound of antipyrine and aspirin; antirheumatic
of the phagocytes. and analgesic; dose, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). a. ben'-
antiphial'tic [G. anti, against, + ephialtes, night- zoate, benzopyrine, a white crystalline powder,
mare.] Tending to prevent nightmare or dis- analgesic and antipyretic ; dose, gr. 5—30 (o 3—2 o)
. .

tressing dreams. a. caffeine cit'rate, migrainin, obtained by fusing

antiphlogis'tic [G. anti, against, -t- phlogistos, on on a water-bath antipyrine 85, caffeine 9, citric
fire.] Preventing or relieving inflammation.
I. acid 9 a colorless hygroscopic powder used for the
;

2. An agent which subdues inflammation. relief of headache in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0).
antiphlogis'tin. Trade name of a preparation, said u. man'delate, tussol, occurs in colorless crystals
to consist chiefly of a purified clay and glycerin, soluble in water, employed in "whooping-cough in
employed like a poultice in inflammatory condi- doses of gr. ^10 (0.03-0.6) according to the
tions. age. a. monobro'mide, bromopyrine. a. sali-
an'tiphone [G. anti, against, -t- phone, sound.] An cylac'etate, pyrosal, in colorless lamellar or acicu-
appliance for occluding the external auditory lar crystals, analgesic, antirheumatic, antipyretic;
meatus to dull the perception of disturbing noises. dose, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). a. sal'icylate, salipy-
antiphrynolysin (an-tl-fri-nol'i-sin) [G. anti, against, rine, a white crystalline powder; analgesic, anti-
+ phrynos, toad, lysin.l+An antivenin coun- pyretic, employed in dysmenorrhea and in influ-
teracting the poison of the toad. enza and all acute catarrhs in the early stages, in
antiphthisical (an-ti-tiz'I-kal). Relieving or curing doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). butylchlo'ral-a.,
phthisis. occurring in colorless needles soluble in 30 parts
antiphthisiii (an-ti-te'zin). See Klebs* tuberculin.* of water; similar in properties and dosage to
antiphy'niin [G. anii, against, -I- phyma, a tubercle.] monochloral-a. cichlo'ral-a., similar to mono-
Trade name of a. preparation employed in chloral-a. dimethylam'ido-a., pyramidon, a yel-
tuberculosis. lowish-white crystalline powder, antipyretic and
antiplas'tic. Preventing cicatrization. sedative ;has been employed in pulmonary tuber-
antiplatelet (an-ti-plat'let) [G. anti, against, -|- culosis in doses of gr. 5—71^ (0.3—0.5). mono-
Having a lytic or agglutinative action
platelet.] chlo'ral-a., hypnal, occurring in colorless octa-
upon theplatelets of the blood. hedral crystals; analgesic and hypnotic; em-
antipneumococ'cic. Destructive to, or repressive to ployed in the hacking cough of phthisis in doses
the growth the pneumococcus. a. se'nim, a
of, of gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3).
bactericidalserum which has been employed in antipyrot'ic [G. anti, against, -I- pyroiikos, burning,
the treatment of croupous pneumonia. inflaming.] i. Antiphlogistic. ^. Relieving the

antipneumotoz'in. An antitoxin to the poison of pain and promoting the healing of superficial
the pneumococcus. bums. 3. An application for bums.
antipodag'ric. Antiarthritic. antirab'ic. Preventive or curative of rabies,
antip'odal. Opposite, occupying the opposite antilyssic.
antirachitic (an"tJ-ra-kit'ik). x. Promoting the
sides of a cell or other globular body. a. cell,
one of two cells formed from the nuclei at the cure of rickets. 2.An agent useful in the treat-
base of the embryo sac in a seed, opposite the ment of rickets.
nuclei forming the oospore. antirenn'et. Antirennin.
antiprecip'itin. A specific antibody inhibiting the antirenn'in. An antibody to renniu which neutral-
action of a precipitin. izes the milk-curdling action of this enzyme.
antiparastata, Cow- antirheumatic (an"t!-ru-mat'ik) Preventive or
antipros'tate. Anteprostate, .

per's* gland.
curative of rheumatism.
antiprurit'ic. i. Preventing or relieving
itching. antiri'cln. An antibody or antitoxin to ricin.
Antirrhi'num [G anii, in place of, + rhis(,rhin-),
2. An
agent which relieves itching.
antipsoric (an-te-so'rik or an-tip-so'rik) [G. anii,
.
nose.] A genus of shrubs of the natural order
Curative of scabies, Scrophulariace<B. A. lina'ria, Linaria vulgaris,
against, + psora, the itch.]
snap-dragpn, toad-flax, herba linaria; the plant
or the itch. a. rem'edy, in homeopathy, one which
of psora* is of a bitter acrid taste and disagreeable odor, it
is especially serviceable in the treatment
possesses purgative properties.
or of chronic disease in general.
Preventing putrefaction. antiscab'ious. Antipsoric.
antiputrefac'tive.
anti, against, -I- pyon, pus.] Anti- antiscle'rosin. Trade name of a solution of various
antipy'ic [G
salts, similar to Trunecek's* serum, used in the
' pyogenic.
pyon, pus, -I- + treatment of arteriosclerosis.
Intipyogen'ic [G anii, against,
Preventing suppuration. antiscorbu'tic. 1. Preventive or curative of scor-
'

gennao, I produce.]
+
pyon, pus.] Neutral butus or scurvy. 2. A remedy for scurvy.
antipy'onin [G. anti, against,
An antibody to a sensitizer; anti-
sodium tetraborate, a fine white powder obtained
antisen'sitizer.
amboceptor, anti-immune body,
by fusing together' equal parts of borax and Monobromacetanilide.
externally in conjunctivi- antisep'sin.
boric acid; employed
tis, keratitis, and otitis. antisep'sis [G. anii, against, + sepsis, putrefaction.]
ANTISEPSIS 64 ANTITULASE

The destruction of germs causing disease, fer- culating blood which prevents its coaguiation in
mentation, or putrefaction. the vessels.
antisep'tic. i. Destructive to the germs of disease, antithy'roidin. A serum prepared from the blood
fermentation, or putrefaction. 2. A substance of sheep from which the thyroid gland has been
which prevents the action of the germs of fermen- removed; employed in the treatment of Graves'
tation, decomposition, or disease, tt. sur'geiy, see disease and other conditions supposed to be due
xmder surgery. to hypersecretion of the thyroid gland, in doses
antisep'ticin. Trade name of an antiseptic mixture of i!R8-is (0.5-1.0).
of benzoic acid, boric acid, eucalyptol, thymol, antiton'ic. Diminishing muscular or vascular tonus.
'

and peppermint. antitox'ic [G. anti, against, +

toxikon, poison.]
antisep'ticism. The exclusion of germs from a Antidotal, neutralizing the action of a poison;
wound, antiseptic surgery; the employment of specifically, relating to an antitoxin, a. serum,
antiseptic measures in therapeutics. antitoxin.
antisep'ticize. To employ antiseptic agents for the antitox'igen [antitoxin +
gennao, I produce.] An
removal or destruction of pathogenic microorgan- antigen (toxin) which stimulates the production
isms. of antitoxin in the blood.
antisep'tin. Trade name of an antiseptic powder antitox'in [G. anti, against, -I- taxing A
substance
containing zinc oxide and sulphate and boric acid; in the serum which binds and neutralizes toxin;
employed in surgical dressings and as an applica- it consists, according to the side-chain * theory,
tion in skin diseases. of receptors which have been produced in excess
antisep'tol. Cinchoninae iodosulphas. and thrown oft into the body fluids, fatigue a.,
an'tiserum. A serum containing an antibody see under fatigue toxin.*
(antitoxin, bacteriolysin, precipitin, etc.) which
is specific in relation to the substance in response
to repeated injections of which it has been
produced.
antisialic (an-ti-si-al'ik) [G. anti, against, + sialon,
saliva.] Antisialogogue.
antisialogogue (an"tI-si-al'o-gog) [G. anti, against, -1-

sialon, saliva, -I- agogos, drawing forth.] i

Diminishing the secretion of saliva. 2. An agent

which diminishes or arrests the flow of saliva.
antisld'eric [G. anti, against, + sideros, iron.]
Chemically incompatible with iron, noting a
substance such as tannin. Diagram Illustrating the Formation and Action
antispas'min [G. anti, against, -f- spasmos, convul- OF Antitoxin in Accordance with Ehrlich's Sidb-
CHAIN Theory: A, cell body; b, receptors combined
sion.] A compound of sodium salicylate and with cell protoplasm; c, receptors separated from cell;
narceine-sodium, a white powder, employed as —
a, toxin molecules; y, free receptors antitoxin; x,
an antispasmodic and sedative for children in receptors (antitoxin) united with the toxic molecules.
doses of gr. J— i (0.015-0.06).
antispasmodic (an-ti-spaz-mod'ik). i. Preventive antitragicus (an-tl-traj'i-kus). A small muscle ia
or curative of convulsions or spasmodic affections. the pinna of the ear; see under musculus.
2. An agent which quiets spasm. antitiagohelicine (an"ti-tra-go-hel'i-sin). Relating
antispas'tic. Antispasmodic. to the antitragus and the helix of the ear, noting
antispennatox'in. An antibody to spermatoxin. the fissiu'e between the antitragus and the Cauda
antispirochet'ic. Destructive to spirochetes. helicis.
antisteapsin (an-tl-ste'ap-sin). A fat-splitting en- antitra'gus [G. anti, against, opposite.] projec- A
zyme. tion of the cartilage of the auricle, in front of the
antistreptococcic (an"tI-strep-to-kok'sik). Destruc- Cauda helicis, just above the lobule, and posterior
tive to streptococci or antagonistic to their toxins. to the tragus from which it is separated by the
a., serum, an antiserum employed in the treat- intertragic notch.
ment of diseases caused by the presence of antitrismus (an-tJ-triz'mus). A condition of tonic
streptococci. muscular spasm preventing closure of the mouth.
antistreptococ'cin. The antitoxin of any species of antitrope (an'tl-tr5p) [G. anti, against, + trope, a
Streptococcus. turn.] I. Antibody. .1. Antimere(2).
an'tisubstance. Antibody. antitro'pin. Antibody.
antisu'doral, antisudorif'ic. Antihidrotic. antitryp'sic. Antitryptic.
antisyphilit'ic. i. Curative of syphilis. 2. A spe- antitryp'sin. An antibody or antiterment inhibiting
cific remedy for syphilis. the action of trypsin.
antitabet'ic. Noting an agent useful in mitigating antitryp'tic. Opposed to the action of trypsin;
the symptoms of tabes dorsalis. antagonizing the digestive activity of the ferment
antitetan'ic. Noting an agent which tends to relax trypsin, a. in'dex, the relative retardation in loss
tetanic muscular contraction of viscosity of a solution of casein incubated with
antithe'nar. Hypothenar. trypsin to which a drop of abnormal blood-serum
antithermic (an-tl-thur'mik) [G. anti, against, -t- (as from it cancerous patient) has been added
therme, heat.] Antipyretic. compared with that in a similar solution to which
antither'min [G. anti, against, -^ thermos, hot ] normal serum has been added; if the former
Phenylhydrazin-levulinic acid, occurring in color- drips through the tube of the viscosimeter in 100
less lustrous crystals; recommended as an anti- seconds, and the latter in 104 seconds, the anti-
pyretic in doses of gr. 3-5 (o. 2-0.3). tryptic index is 4.
antither'molin. Trade name of a preparation of antituberculin (an"tl-tu-bur'ku-lin). An antibody
clay, employed as a poultice in the treatment of formed in the body fluids in response to injections
inflammatory conditions. of tuberculin.
antithrom'bin. A supposed antibody in the cir- antitu'Iase. A serum obtained from animals which
 , ;

ANTITULASE 6S ANXIETY

have received repeated injections of tulase;* used antrot'omy [G. antron, cavity, -I- tome, incision.]
in the treatment of tuberculosis. Incision through the wall of any antrum.
antitu'man. Trade name of sodium chondroitin- antrotympan'ic. Relating to the mastoid antrum
sulphate, proposed as a remedy for cancer on the and the tympanum of the ear.
theory that it is a constituent of cartilage and antrotympanitis (an"tro-tim-pan-i'(e')tis). Inflam-
the walls of the arteries "vs^hich seem to be immune mation of the mastoid antrum and the middle ear.
to cancer; hypodermic dose, gr. i^ (o. i). an'trum, gen. an'tri, pi. an'tra [G. antron, a
antitus'sin. An ointment containing 5 per cent, cavity.] i. Any nearly closed cavity, partic-
difluordiphenyl, used in whooping-cough and as a ularly one with bony walls, z. The pyloric
dressing for wounds. end of the stomach, partially shut off, during
antitus'sive [G. anti, against, + L. tussis, cough.] digestion, from the cardiac end, or fundus, by the
I. Relieving cough. 2. A cough remedy. prepyloric sphincter, a. au'iis, meatus acus-
antity'phold. Preventive or curative of typhoid ticus externus. a. cardi'acum, forestomach.
fever. a. mastoid'eum, mastoid a., a. tympanicum [BNA].
antiurat'ic. Restricting the formation or prevent- a. of High'more, maxillary sinus [BNA]. a.
ing the precipitation of urates. pylor'icum, a bulging of the pyloric end of the
antiurease (an-tl-u're-az). An antibody or anti- stomach wall along the greater curvature when
ferment to urease. the organ is distended; see antrum (2). a. tym-
antiTaccina'tion. Opposition to the practice of pan'icum [BNA], tympanic a., mastoid a., a
vaccination. cavity in the mastoid portion of the temporal
antivaccina'tionist. One who is opposed to the prac- bone, communicating through the mastoid, or
tice of vaccination as a preventive of small-pox. posterior, wall of the tympamun with the upper
antivenene (an-tl-ven'Sn). A protein in the serum part of this cavity, the attic or epitympanum, and
of an animal which has received repeated injec- communicating also with the separate mastoid
tions of small doses of serpent- venom; employed cells.
as a specific in the treatment of the bites of certain Antyl'lus's meth'od [Antyllos, a Greek physician,
poisonous serpents. about the end of the third century, A. D.] Liga-
antivenereal (an-tl-ve-ne're-al). i. Opposed to ture of the artery above and below an aneurysm,
venery. 2. Preventive or curative of venereal followed by incision into and emptying of the sac
diseases. see cut under aneurysm.
antiven'in. The active substance in an antiserum smure'sis [G. aw- priv. -t- ouresis, urination.
against any animal or insect venom. Anuria.
antivivisec'tion. Opposition to the practice of ani- anuret'ic, anu'ric. Relating to anuresis, or anuria.
mal experimentation. anu'ria [G. an- priv. +
ouron, urine.] Total
antivivisec'tionist. One who is opposed to animal suppression of urine.
experimentation and to the manufacture of a'nus, gen. a'ni [L. anus, from annus, a ring (?).]
antisera; a zoophilist. Anal orifice, the lower opening of the digestive
anti2yniot'ic. Antiseptic; inhibiting the action of tract, lying in the fold between the nates, through
ferments; preventative or curative of any infec- which fecal matter is extruded, a. cer'ebri,
tious disease. aditus ad aquasductum cerebri, artifi'cial a.,
antodontal'gic. Antiodontalgic. a permanent opening into the bowel, usually in
an'tra. Plural of antrum. the right or left flank, made by the operation of
an'tral. Relating to an antrum. colostomy, pretemat'ural a., artificial a. Rtis-
antrec'tomy [L. antrum + G. ektomS, excision.] co'ni's a., blastopore, vestib'ular a., vulvovag'-
Removal of the walls of an antrum; specifically, inal a., a female monstrosity in which the anus
exsection of the walls of the mastoid antrum. is imperforate, but the rectum opens into the
antritis (an-tri'(tre')tis). Inflammation of the vagina just above the vulva.
mucous lining of an antrum: specifically of the
absence, aproctia. closure, atresia, itnperforation,
antrum^f Highmore. proctatresia. dilatation, proctectasia, dilator of;
antroatticotomy (an"tro-at"i-kot'o-mi) [L. antrum procteurynter. discharge, bloody, proctorrhagia,
archorrhagia; mucous, proctorrhea. excision, proctec-
+ aUicus + G. tome, a cutting.] The operation tomy, fistula, archosyrinx.
_

incision,^ proctotomy,
of opening into and removing the contained instrument for incision, proctotome. inflammation.
parts of the mastoid antrum and attic of the proctitis, architis. inflammation of parts around,
periproctitis, pain, proctalgia, proctodynia, proctagra,
tympanum. paralysis, proctoparalysis, proctoplegia, plastic sur-
antrocele (an'tro-sel) [G. antron, antrum, + kele., gery, proctoplasty, proctorrhaphy (suture), prolapse,
swelling.] An accumulation of fluid in an antrum, proctoptosia, proctocele, archocele, arcHoptoma,
archoptosia. stenosis, stricture, proctencleisis, procto-
specifioally in the antrum of Highmore. stenosis, archdstenosis.
antrona'sal. Relating to an antrum of Highmore
and the corresponding nasal fossa. anusol (a'noo-sol). Trade name for bismuth
an'trophore [G. antron, cavity, + phoreo, I carry.] iodoresorcin sulphonate, used in suppositories
A medicated bougie for the local treatment of for hemorrhoids.
disease in any accessible cavity or canal, espe- an'vil. Incus, one of the ossicles of the middle ear.
cially the urethra. a. sound, bell-metal resonance.*
an'troscope [G. antron, a cavity, + skoped, I view.] anxi'etas [L. angere, to vex, trouble.] Anxiety,
An instrument to aid in the ocular examination restlessness, apprehension; epigastric oppression.
of any cavity; specifically, an electric-light bulb a. tibia'rum [gen. pi. of tibia], twitching and a feel-

for transillumination of the antrum of High- ing of tire and restlessness in the legs when in bed.
more to determine the presence or absence of an anxiety (ang-zi'e-tJ) [L. anxietas.] Apprehension
accumulation of fluid or a tumor in that cavity. of danger accompanied by restlessness and a
antros'copy. Examination of any cavity, especially feeling of oppression in the epigastrium.
of the antrum of Highmore, by means of an situa'tion a., a feeling of anxious foreboding
antroscope. upon beginning any undertaking, as in the case
an'trotome. An instrumet»t for removing the wall of a clergyman entering the pulpit, or a barber
of an antrum. beginning to shave a customer.
ANYTIN 66 APHACIA

an'ytin. A dark brown liquid derivative of ich- ape-fissure (ap'fish-ur) [Ger. Affenspalte.] well A
thyol employed, diluted, in various skin dis- marked transverse fissure on the convex
surface
eases. of the cerebral hemisphere separating the occip-
an'ytol. An aqueous solution of phenol, cresol, ital from the parietal lobe, constantly present in
camphor, or other substance, together with the ape, but very rarely found in the human adult
anytin employed externally in erysipelas.
; brain in the human fetus it is represented by the
;

AOC. Abbreviation of anodal opening contraction; temporary fissura perpendicularis externa.

also written AnOC. ape-hand. The hand characteristic of paralysis
from aeiro, I lift up.] The
aor'ta [L. from G. aorte, of the median nerve, in which the thumb lies

main tnmk of the systemic arterial system, flaccid against the index finger.
arising from the base of the left ventricle; the apell'ous [G. a- priv. + L. pellis, skin.] i. Without
thoracic aorta is divided into the ascending skin. 2. Without foreskin, circumcised.
portion, the arch, and the descending portion; at Apen'ta, Hungary. Saline waters. Used in
the diaphragm it becomes the abdominal aorta hepatic disorders, hemorrhoids, constipation,
and bifurcates at the left side of the body of the gout, and uric acid diathesis.
fourth lumbar vertebra into the right and left apenter'ic [G. apo, from, -I- enteron, intestine.]
common iliac arteries, a. abdomina'lis, the Away from the intestine, said of an infection or a
terminal portion of the aorta, extending from the niorbid process usually taking place there.
diaphragm to the bifurcation into the common apep'sia [G. a- priv. +
pepsis, a digesting.] Ex-
iliac arteries; its branches are the paired inferior treme dyspepsia; complete cessation of digestion.
phrenic, lumbar, common iliac, suprarenal, renal, apepsin'ia. Absence of pepsin from the gastric
and spermatic or ovarian, and the single middle juice.
sacral, celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric aperient (S-pe'ri-ent) pi,, aperire, to open.] i.
arteries, a. angus'ta, congenital narrowness of Slightly cathartic. 2. A laxative or mild
aorta, a. chlorofica, a general narrowing of the cathartic.
aorta associated with certain cases of chlorosis. aperistal'sis. Absence ofperistalsis, of the ver-
a. thoraca'lis, thoracic aorta, the aorta from its micular movementof the intestine.
origin to the diaphragm; its branches are the aper'itive [Fr. aperitif, from L. aperire, to open.]
coronary, innominate, left subclavian and com- 1. Aperient, z. An appetizer.
mon carotid, intercostal, subcostal, diaphrag- apertom'eter [L. apertura, aperture, + G. metron,
matic, vas aberrans, bronchial, esophageal, peri- measure.] An instrument for measuring the
cardial, and mediastinal arteries. angular aperture of a microscope objective.
aor'tal. Aortic. apertu'ra [L.] An opening or aperture, a. media'-
aortarctia (a-or-tark'shya) [aorta -{ L. arctare, lis ventric'uli quar'ti, metapore, Magendie's*
properly narrow.]
artare, to Congenital nar- foramen, a. pel'vis infe'rior [BNA], pelvic out-
rowing of the aorta, aortostenosis written also; let, the lower opening of the true pelvis, bounded
aortartia. anteriorly by the pubic arch, laterally by the
aor'tic. Relating to the aorta or the aortic orifice i-ami of the ischium and the great sacrosciatic
of the left ventricle of the heart, a. a'rea, the ligament on either side, and posteriorly by these
region of the chest wall over the second right ligaments and the tip of the coccyx, a. pel'vis
costal cartilage, where sounds produced at the supe'rior [BNA], pelvic inlet, the upper opening
aortic orifice are heard most distinctly, a. of the true pelvis, bounded anteriorly by the
isth'mus, a slight constriction, of the aorta at the symphysis pubis and the pubic crest on eithel
point of attachment of the ductus arteriosus, side, laterally by the Hiopectineal lines, and
most evident in the fetus, a. spin'dle, the dilated posteriorly by the sacral prominence, a.
portion of the aorta just below the isthmus. pirifor'mis [BNA], piriform opening, the nasal
aortism (a-or'tizm). Hodgson's* disease. openings in the skull.
aortitis (a-or-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the aorta. aperture (ap'er-chur). 1. An opening, orifice. 2.
aor'tolith [G. aorte, aorta, + liihos, stone.] Calcar- The diameter of the objective of a microscope.
eous deposit in the wall of the aorta. an'gular a., the diameter of the object glass of a
aortomala'cia [G. aorte, aorta, -I- malakia, softness.] microscope measured by the angle made by lines
Abnormal softening of the walls of the aorta. from the periphery of the objective to the focus.
aortopto'sia, aortopto'sis [G. aorte, aorta, -I- ptosis, apet'alous. In botany, having no petals.
a falling.] A
sinking down of the abdominal a'pex, gen. ap'icis, pi. ap'ices [L. summit or tip].
aorta in splanchnoptosia. The extremity of a conical or pyramidal structure,
aortosteno'sis [G. aorte, aorta, + stenosis, a narrow- such as the heart or the lung. a. auric'ulEe
ing.] Congenital narrowing of the aorta, aor- Dar'wini, tip of the auricle, a point projecting up-
tarctia. ward from the helix a little behind its upper end,
apallesthesia (5-pal"es-the'zI-ah) [G. o- priv -|- when the helix is not incurved, a. capit'uli
pallo, I tremble, quiver, +aisthesis, feeling.] fib'ulae [BNA], apex of the head of the fibula,
Loss of the vibration sense, shown by an inability processus* styloideus of the fibula, tt. cor'dis,
to perceive the vibrations of a tuning fork pressed the blunt extremity of the heart formed by. the
against the skin; pallanesthesia. left ventricle (see apex-beat) . a. cor'nu, tip of the
apan'dria [G. apo, from, +
aner(andr-), man.] horn, the pointed extremity of each posterior gray
Aversion to men, i.e. members of the male sex. column or cornu of the spinal cord. a. lin'gusB,
apanthro'pia, apan'thropy [G. apo, from, H- anthro- tip of the tongue, a. na'si, tip of the nose.
pos, man.] Aversion to man, to human society. a. sat'yri, a. auriculae Darwini.
aparthro'sis [G. apo, from, +
arihron, joint.] i. a'pex-beat. The palpable and frequently visible
Diarthrosis. 2. Disarti -ulation. pulsation in the fifth intercostal space, ^\ inches
apathet'ic. Exhibiting apathy; indifferent. to the left of the median line, made by the apex
ap'athism. A
sluggishness of reaction, the opposite of the left ventricle as it strikes the chest wall
of erethism. in systole.
ap'athy [G. a- priv. +
pathos, suffering.] Absence aphacia (S-ta'sI-ah) [G. a- priv. + phakos, lens.]
of emotion; indifference; insensibility. Absence of the crystalline lens.
 —
APHACIAL, APHACIC 67 APIUM

aphacial, aphacic (a-fasl-al, S-fas'ik). Devoid of aphrodisiac x. Increasing sexual

(3,-fro-diz'i-ak).
crystalline lens. desire. 2. Anjrthing which arouses or increases
apha'gia [G. o- priv. +
phagd, I eat.] Inability sexual desire.
to swallow. aphronesia (a-fro-ne'zi-ah) [G. o- priv. + phronesis,
apha'kia. Aphacia. common sense. i. Silliness. 2. Dementia.
j

aphak'ial, aphak'ic. Devoid of crystalline lens. aph'tha. A minute ulcer on a mucous membrane.
aphasia (§,-fa'zl-ah) [G. speechlessness.] A weaken- See aphihcB.
ing or loss of the faculty of language in any of its aph'thae [G. aphthai, pi. of aphtha, ulceration.]
—
forms reading, writing, s'pealdng, and the appre- Minute whitish spots on the mucous membranw
ciation of the written, printed, or spoken word of the mouth, constituting thrush; also the
independent of disease of the vocal organs or of the disease thrush or sprue, a. epizoot'lcse, foot-
mind, amne'sic a., aphemia. asso'ciative a., and-mouth disease.* a. orienta'les, a. trop'-
conduction a. atax'ic a., motor a. au'ditory a., icsB, sprue(2). Bed'nar's a., see Bednar. chron'-
'
word-deafness. Bro'ca's a., complete a.; see ic a., sprue(2). conta'gious a., a. epizootioae.
Broca. conduc'tion a., a form of a. in which the aph'thoid [G. eidos, resemblance] Resembling
subject can speak and write in a way, but skips or aphthae or thrush.
repeats words or substitutes one word for another, aphthoides chionica (af-thoy'dez kron'I-kah).
the lesion being in the association tracts connect- Sprue(2).
ing the various language centers, frontocor'tical aphthon'gia [G. a- priv. -I- phthongos, voice.] A
a., motor aphasia, frontolentic'ulai a., mixed a., form of lingual spasm sometimes affecting public
conduction a. jar'gon a., the n,mning,together of a speakers; it is a variety of occupation neurosis
number of words as one, the syllables being articu- analogous to writers' cramp.
lated, but wrongly accented, lentic'ular a., con- aph'thous. Relating to aphthas.
duction a., mixed a. mixed a., aphemia, alexia, ap'ical. Relating to or situated at or near the apex
and mind-blindness, mo'tor a., any of the varie- of an^v structure, a. fora'men, the opening at
ties of a. in which the power of expression by writ- the apex of a tooth giving passage to the blood-
ing, speaking, or signs is lost, occip'ital a., alexia vessels and nerve, a. space, the space between the
and apraxia. op'tic a., anomia, inability to alveolar wall and the apex of the root of a tooth,
name an object seen although the patient may where an alveolar abscess usually has its origin.
comprehend what it is. pari"eto-occip'ital a., apiceotomy (3.-pi-se-ot'o-mi!). Apicotomy, api-
alexia and apraxia. sen'sory a., loss of the power coectomy. *
to comprehend written (or printed) or spoken apicoectomy (ap"I-ko-ek'to-mi) [L. apex + G
words, gestures, or signs; it•
includes word- ehtome, excision.] Excision of the apex of a
blindness, sign-blindness, apraxia, and word- tooth-root.
deafness, subcor'tical mo'tor a., anarthria; loss apicotomy (&-pi-kot'o-mif) [L. apex -\- G. tome, a
of power of articulate speech, the ability to read, cutting.] Apicoectomy, amputation of any
write, and understand spoken phrases being apical structure, especially the apex of a tooth-
retained.tem"poropari'etal a., Wernicke's a. root.
auditory and optic a., anomia. vis'ual a., word- apinealism (3,-pin'e-al-izm) The syndrome caused
.

blindness. Wer'nicke's a., see Wernicke. by absence of the pineal gland.

apha'siac, apha'sic. Relating to or suffering from ap'inoid [G. o- priv. + pinos, dirt, + eidos, appear-
aphasia. ance.] Free from dirt, clean, a. can'cer,
aphemesthesia, aphemsesthesia (af'e-mes-the'zJ-ah) scirrhous cancer.
[G. a- priv. -1- pheme, speech, + aisthSsis, sensa- ap'iol [L. apium, parsley.] A clear, reddish or
tion.] Loss of the sense of articulate speech; greenish oily fluid obtained from the fruit of
inability to recognize what oneself is saying. parsley, Apium petroselinum; employed in
aphe'mia [G. a- priv. + pheme, speech.] i. Am- amenorrhea in doses of v^^—6 (o 2—0 4). crys'tal-
.
.

nesic aphasia, a form of motor aphasia in which lized a., parsley-camphor, occurs in acicular crys-
the power of expressing one's ideas in spoken tals; emmenagogue in doses of gr. 3-6 (o. 2-0.4),
words is lost, owing to destruction of the memory and employed as a substitute for quinine in ma-
center for words. 2. Anarthria. laria, liq'uid a., oleoresina petroselini (U.S.).
aphe'mic. Relating to or suffering from aphemia. ap'iolin. A yellow liquid derived from apiol, anti-
aphepho'bia. Haphephobia. periodic and emmenagogue; dose 1E3-5 (o 2-0 .3). .

aph'eter [G. apheier, a thrower.] Term applied apipho'bia [L. apis, bee, + G. phobos, fear.] Morbid
by M. Foster to a catastate which decomposes fear of bees, melissophobia.
inogen and thus initiates muscular movement. A'pis [L. bee.] A
genus of hymenopterous insects,
apho'nia [G. a- priv. -I- phone, voice,] Loss of the the bees. A. mellif'ica [L. mel, honey, -I- facere,
voice in consequence of disease or injury of the to make,] (i) the honey-bee, hive-bee, the

organ of speech, a. clerico'rum, clergymen's source of honey; (2) a homeopathic remedy,

sorethroat. spas'tic a., a spasmodic contraction apis mellifica, made by shaking a number of
of the adductor muscles excited by an attempt at bees together in a bottle to make them angry, and
phonation. then pouring alcohol over them; employed in
aphon'ic. Relating to or suffering from aphonia. nephritis complicating scarlet fever, in erysipelas,
aph'onous. Voiceless; suffering from aphonia. conjunctivitis with smarting of the eyes, and to
aph'ose [G. a- priv. -I- phSs, light.] A subjective control night screaming of children; dose, 3rd to
sensation of a dark spot or patch in the line of 30th potency.
vision. apituitarism (a-pl-tu'-i-tar-izm) [G. o- priv.] A
aphrasia (S-fra'zI-ah) [G. a- priv. + phrasis, condition of total abeyance of functional activity
speaking.] Speechlessness, dumbness; inability in, or absence of, the pituitary body, or hypophysis
cerebri; it results in cachexia* hypophyseopriva.
to speak, fropi any cause.
aphrenia (a--fre'ni-ah) [G. a- priv. + phren, mind.] Apium (a'pi-um) \L. parsley.] A genus of plants
I. Dementia. 2. Unconsciousness.Apoplexy.
3. containing celery and celeriac. Celery seed,
aphrodis'ia [G. aphrodisios, relating to Aphrodite or a'pii fruc'tus (N.F.), is the ripe fruit of A. grave-

Venus.] I. Sexual desire. 2. Sexual congress. olens; diuretic and antispasmodic in doses of gr.
 —
APIUM 68 APOPHYLAXIS

30 (2.0), or of nj! 30 (2.0) of the fluidextract. apocynum (ap-os'i-num). (N.F.) The dried rhi-
See under apocynum. zome of Apocynum cannabinum, Canadian hemp;
a'pium vi'rus [L. gen. pi. of apis, bee.] Bee poison a ; diuretic, diaphoretic, and cathartic, employed in
homeopathic remedy prepared by extracting bee- cardiac dropsy and Bright's disease in doses of
stings (see apis mellifica) and triturating them gr. S-30 (0.3-2.0).
with sugar of milk; employed for the same pur- ap^odal. Without feet.
poses and in the same doses as apis. apodemialgia (ap"o-de-inI-al'jI-ah) [G. apodSmia,
aplacen'tal [G. a- priv.] Without a placenta, noting being away from home, + algos, pain.] A
certain mammals, such as the kangaroo. longing to get away from home or to travel.
aplanat'ic [G. a- priv. + planetos, wandering.] Wanderlust; the opposite of nostalgia.
Noting a lens free from chromatic or spherical apod'ia [G. a- priv. + pous{pod-), foot.] Con-
aberration. genital absence of feet.
aplasia (a-pla'sl-ah) [G, a- priv. + plasis, a ap'odous. Apodal, without feet.
moulding.] Congenital absence of an organ or apog'amy [G. apo, from, gamos, marriage.] In
-t-

other part. pilo'rum' pro'pria, monilethrix.

la. botany, the absence of sexual power, although
aplas'tic [G. a- priv. -f- plastikos, formed.] Marked the sexual organs may be present, reproduction
by defective or arrested development. occurring by parthenogenesis, budding, or other
ajle'sia [G. aplestos, insatiate.] Loss of the sense non-sexual means.
of satiety after eating; acoria. apo'lar. Having no poles, noting specifically
apne'a, apnoe'a [G. a- priv. +
pnoe, breath.] Cessa- nerve-cells without any apparent processes.
tion of respiration: inability to get one's breath. Apollina'ris, Germany. Acidulated-alkaline waters.
a. vera, true apnea, absence of respiratory move- Used in gout, catarrhal conditions of the respira-
ments, owing to acapnia and the consequent lack tory organs and mucous membrane, and dys-
of stimulus by carbon dioxide to the respiratory pepsia, but chiefly as a table water.
centers. apol'ysin [G- apolysis, release.] Monophenetidin, a
apneumatic (ap-nu-mat'ik) [G. a- priv. -t- pneuma, soluble white powder of acid taste; antipyretic
breath.] Containing no air, noting the lungs in a and analgesic in dose of gr. 8—1 5 (o 5-1 o).
. .

state of collapse. apomorphi'nse hydrochlo'ridum (U.S. and Br.).

apneumato'sis [G. a- priv. -f pneumaiod, I inflate.] Apomorphine hydrochloride, a derivative of
Congenital atelectasis. morphine or codeine made by heating with an
apneu'mia [G. a- priv. + pneumon, lung.] Absence excess of hydrochloric acid in a closed vessel;
of the lungs. small grayish-white prismatic crystals becoming
apnoea. Apnea. greenish on exposure to the air; expectorant in
apobiosis (ap-o-bi-o'sis) [G. apo, from, -t- biosis, life.] doses of gr. -jj ^^ (0.002-0.004); emetic, gr.
Death, especially local death of a part of the organ- iV^ (0.006-0.012); hypnotic, gr. -^^ (0.002).
ism. apone'a [see aponcea.] Amentia.
apocaftino'sis [G. apokamno, I grow very weary.] aponeurography (ap"6-nu-rog'ra-fI) [aponeurosis +
Rapidly induced fatigue. grapho, I write.] The descriptive anatomy of
apocar'pous [G. apo, from, + karpos, fruit.] In aponeuroses.
botany, having separate carpels. aponeurol'ogy [aponeurosis +-logia.] The branch
apochromatic (ap"o-kro-mat'ik). Achromatic, not- of anatomy which treats of aponeuroses and
ing an improved lens, doing away with the their relations.
so-called secondary spectrum of the ordinary aponeurosis (ap"6-nu-ro'sis) [G. the passage of
achrosnatic lens, and correcting the spherical muscle into tendon; apo, from, -f- neuron, sinew.]
aberration for two colors instead of for one only. A fibrous sheet or expanded tendon, giving attach-
apocodeine (ap-o-ko'de-en) An alkaloid, CuHij-
. ment to muscular fibers and serving as the means
NO2, derived from codeine; its salt, a. hydro- of origin or insertion of a flat muscle; sometimes
chlo'ride, a grayish powder, soluble in water, is also performing the office of a fascia for other
employed as a sedative, hypnotic, and expecto- muscles, a. of inser'tion, a tendinous sheet serving
rant in doses of gr. ^-i (0.015-0.06). for the insertion of a broad muscle, a. of invest'-
apocope (S,-pok'o-pe) [G. apokopl, a cutting ofE.] ment, a fibrous membrane covering and keeping in
Amputation, a cutting away. place a muscle or group of muscles, a. of or'igin,
apocoptic (ap-o-kop'tik) [G. apokopto, I cut off.] a tendinous expansion serving as the attachment
Relating to, or occurring as a result of an am- of origin of a broad muscle, a. pharynge'a, tela*
putation; see plethora* apocoptica. submucosa pharyngis [BNA]. epicra'nial a.,
Apocyna'ceas. An order of dicotyledonous plants galea aponeurotica.
with imbricate-contorted estivation; 5 stamens, aponeurositis (ap"6-nu-ro-si'(se')tis). Inflamma-
ovary with 2 carpels connate at their styles. tion of an aponeurosis.
apocynein (ap-o-si'ne-in) An active principle of
.
aponeurot'ic. Relating to an aponeurosis.
Apocynum cannabinum, acting upon the heart apon'eurotome. An instrument for dividing an
like digitalis. aponeurosis.
apocynin (ap-os'i-nin). i. An active principle of aponeurot'omy [aponeurosis + G. tome, section.]
Apocynum cannabinum, occurring in crystalline Incision of an aponeurosis.
form. 2. A resinous substance obtained from apon'ia [G. a- priv. 4- ponos, toil, pain.] 1. Non-
Apocynum cannabinum; expectorant in doses of gr, exertion, abstention from labor, a. Absence of
J--} (0.015-0.03). pain.
Apocynum (Jt-pos'i-num) [G. apokynon, dogbane; aponic (^-pon'ik).
Relating to aponia; analgesic,
apo, from, + kyon, dog.] A genus of herbs of the relieving fatigue.
natural order ApocynacecB. A. androsffimilo'Uum aponcea, aponoia, (a-pon-e'ah, S-pon-oy'ah) [G.
dogbane, wildipecac, bitter-root, rheumatism weed; aponoia; apo, away, + nous, mind.] Amentia.
the rhizome is diuretic, cathartic, and diaphoretic apophlegmat'ic [G. apo, away, -I- phlegma, mucus ]
in doses of iKS-30 (o 3-2 o) of a fluidextract. A.
. . Producing a discharge of mucus; expectorant.
cannab'inum. Canadian hemp, Indian physic; apophylaxis (ap"o-fi-laks'is) [G. apo, away from.]
the rhizome is the official drug apocynum.* A
diminution of the phylactic power of the blood
APOPHYLAXIS 69 APPENDICITIS

fluids, constituting the negative phase of apostax'is [G. a trickling down;] A

slight hemor-
opsonic or vaccine therapy. rhage, or bleeding by drops; epistaxis.
apophysary (i-pof i-sa-ri). Relating to an apophy- ap'ostem, aposte'ma, ap'osteme [G. aposiema,
sis, apophyseal. abscess.] An
abscess.
apophyseal (4-po-fiz'e-al). Relating to or resem- aposthia (S-pos'thl-ah) [G. a- priv. +posthe, fore-
bling an apophysis. skin.] Congenital absence of the prepuce.
apoph'ysis [G. apo, from, + physis, growth; excres- Apostoli's meth'od (S-pos-tfi-le') [Georges Apostoli,
cence.] An outgrowth or projection, especially Parisian physician, 1847-1900.] Treatment of
one from a bone. A bony process or outgrowth uterine fibroids by electrolysis.
which has not an independent center of ossifica- apoth'ecary [G. apotheke, a. repository.] 1. Phar-
tion, a. con'chse,eminentia concha, a. hel'icis, macist, druggist. 2. In England, a medical
spina helicis. bas'ilar a., the basilar process practitioner, licensed by the Society of Apothe-
of the occipital bone. lentic'ular a., processus* caries of London to practise medicine and dis-
lenticularis of the incus, tem'poral a., pro- pense drugs; in Ireland one similarly licensed by
cessus* mastoideus. the Apothecaries Hall of Ireland.
apophysitis (a- pof-i-si'(se')tis). i. Inflammation of apothe'cium [G. apotheke, a storehouse.] Discocarp.
any apophysis. 2. Appendicitis, a. tibia'lis ap'othem, ap'otheme [G. apo, from, -t- thema,
adolescen'tium, Schlatta's disease, prominence, deposit.] A
precipitate caused by long boiling
with pain, of the tubercle of the tibia, due to of a vegetable infusion or its exposure to the air;
its separation by muscular action, in young extractive.
athletes. apothesine (a-poth'e-sen). Trade name of the
apoplas'inia [G. apo, away, + plasma.} Inspis- cinnamic ester of gamma-diethylamino-propyl-
sation of the blood ; deficiency of the fluid portion alcohol hydrochloride, occurring in the form erf
of the blood. snow-white crystals, soluble in alcohol and in
apoplec'tic. Relating to, suffering from, or predis- water; recommended for use as a local anesthetic.
posed to apoplexy. apoth'eter [G. apotithemi, apotheto, I stow away.] A
apoplec'tifonn [G. apoplexia, apoplexy, -I- L slender rod with forked end used for pushing up a
forma, appearance.] Apoplectoid. prolapsed umbilical cord during childbirth.
apoplec'toid [G. apoplexiajt apoplexy, + eidos, apotozin (ap-o-tok'sin) [G. apo, from.] Richet's
appearance.] Resembling apoplexy, apoplecti- term for the anaphylactic substance caused by
form. the action of the antibody, toxogenin, on the
ap'oplexy [G. apoplexia.'] i. A sudden loss of con- newly introduced toxin.
sciousness followed by paralysis, due to cerebral ap'ozem, apoz'ema [G.] A decoction.
hemorrhage or blocking of an artery of the brain apparatother'apy. Mechanicotherapy.
by an embolus or thrombus, ji. An effusion of appara'tus [L. apparare, to prepare.] i. A collec-
blood into the lungs or other organs, embol'ic a., tion of instruments adapted for a special purpose.
a. caused by the plugging of an artery of the 2. An instrument made up of several parts. 3.
brain by an embolus, func'tional a., a condition A system, the group of glands, ducts, blood-
simulating apoplexy without any cerebral lesion. vessels, muscles, or other anatomical structures
ingraves'cent a., the slowly progressive onset of concerned in the performance of some function.
apoplectic sjrmptoms, due to the gradual escape a. digesto'rius [BNA], digestive system.* a-
of blood within the cranium, menin'geal a., a. lacrima'lis, lacrymal apparatus, consisting of
due to hemorrhage from the arteries of the dura the lacrymal gland, the lacrymal lake, the
mater, mul'tiple a., a form of ingravescent a. lacrymal canals, the lacrymal sac, and the naso-
due to repeated small hemorrhages, neona'tal a., lacrymal duct. a. ligamento'sus coU'i, ligamen-
a. of the newborn, intracranial hemorrhage in tum nuchae. a. ligamento'sus si'nus tar'si, the
newborn children, causing spastic paralysis and anterior ligament connecting the os calcis and the
mental weakness in those who survive, pul'- astragalus, a. ligamento'sus Weitbrecht'i, mem-
monary a., hemorrhagic infarct of the lung, a brana tectoria. a. ma'jor, a. mi'nor, old terms
circumscribed infiltration of the lung with blood for median and lateral lithotomy respectively.
in consequence of embolism or thrombosis of a a, respirato'rius, respiratory system, a. uro-
branch of the pulmonary artery, sanguin'eous genita'lis, urogenital or genitourinary system, in-
a., true a. due to intracranial hemorrhage, as cluding all the organs concerned in reproduc-
distinguished from serous a se'rous a., an tion and in the formation and voidance of the
exudation of serum distending the ventricles of urine.
the brain meningitis serosa, spi'nal a., hema-
; appen'dage [L. ad, to, -I- pendere, to hang.] Appen-
torrhachis, splen'ic a., hemorrhage into the dix, annexum; any part, subordinate in function
spleen in animals suffering from anthrax, throm- or size, attached to a main structure, appendages
botic a., a. caused by thrombosis in a cerebral of the eye, the eyelids with their lashes, eyebrows,
artery. lacrymal apparatus, and conjunctiva, append-
apoquin'amine. An alkaloidal derivative of quina- ages of the skin, the hairs, nails, sweat or sudorip-
mine. arous glands, and sebaceous glands, auric'ular
apor'etin [G. apo, from, reiine, resin.] A resinous a.., auricula(3). ova'rian a., parovarium.
substance, derived from rhubarb, possessing u'terine appendages, annexa, the ovaries. Fallo-
laxative properties. pian tubes, and ligaments, ver'miform a.,
apos'ia [G. a- priv. +
posts, drink.] Absence of the vermiform appendix.
feeling of thirst. appendal'gia. Pain in the right iliac fossa in the
aposit'ia [G. apo, away, -t- siios, food.] Distaste for region of the vermiform appendix.
food, appendect'omy [appendix + G. ektome, excision.]
apos'poiy [G. apo, from, 4- sporos, seed.] In bot- Reinoval of any appendix, specifically of the
any, absence of the power of producing spores. vermiform appendix; scolecoidectomy.
apos'tasis [G. a departure from, an abscess.] 1. appen'dical, appendicial (ap-en-disl-al). Relating
The termination of a disease. 2. Exfoliation of to an appendix.
bone. 3. Abscess. appendicitis (ap-pen-d![-si'(se')tis). Inflammation of
APPENDICITIS 7° APTYALISM

the vermiform appendix, apophysitis, scolecoiditis. (2) the lime, a citrus fruit; (3) the banana.
a. larva'ta, a form of chronic a. manifest by indura-
, bitt'er a., colocynth. May a., podophyllum.
tion or tumefaction, but without subjective symp- thorn a.. Datura stramonium.
toms, a. oblit'erans, an irritable subacute in- apple-jelly nodules (ap'1-jeH nod'ulz). Small
fiammatory condition of the appendix vermi- elevations of a reddish amber color seen on the
formis, leading to adhesions of the opposing surface of lupous ulcers.
mucous surfaces, and associated with fibroid app'le-oil. Amylis valeras.
degeneration, occurring usually in late middle ap'plicator. A slender rod of wood or flexible
life, masked a., larvata.
a,, protec'tive a., a. metal, at one end of which is attached a pledget
obliterans, synconges'tive a., an irritable condi- of cotton or other substance for making local
tion of the vermiform appendix, marked by applications to the nose, throat, or other cavity.
interstitial serous infiltration and associated with apposition (S-po-zI'shun) [L. ad, to, + ponere, to
congestion of neighboring structures. place.] I. The putting in contact of two sub-

appen'dico-enteros'tomy. i. The establishment of stances. 2 Contact of two surfaces.

.

an opening between the appendix and

artificial approximate [L. ad, to, + proximus, nearest.]
the small intestine 2. Appendicostomy. In dentistry: i. Proximate, noting the contact
appendicos'tomy [appendix + G. stoma, mouth.] surfaces, either mesial (proximal) or distal, of
Operation for opening into the intestine through two adjacent teeth. 2. Close together, noting
the tip of the appendix vermiformis, previously the teeth in the human jaw, as distinguished
attached to the anterior abdominal wall, for the from the separated teeth in certain of the lower
purpose of flushing out the cecum and colon; animals.
called also Weir's operation. aprsix'ia [G. a- priv. + pratto, I do.] i. A disorder
appendic'ular. r. Relating toan appendix or ap- of voluntary movement, consisting more or in a
pendage. 2. Relating to the limbs, as opposed less complete incapacity to execute purposeful
to axial which refers to the trunk and head. a. movements, notwithstanding the preservation
muscles, skeleton, etc., see the noun. of muscular power, sensibility, and coordination
appen'diz, gen. appen'dicis, pi. appen'dices [L.] An in general. 2. A psychomotor defect in which one

appendage. Specifically the processus vermi- is unable to apply to its proper use an object
formis [BNA]. a. cae'ci, processus vermiformis. a. which he is nevertheless able to name and the
epididymldis, a small pedunculated body attached uses of which he can describe, a. al'gera, an
to the head, or globus major, of the epididymis. hysterical condition in which speaking, reading,
a. epiplo'ica (pi. appendices epiphicce), epiploic writing, or consecutive thinking is impossible ,

appendage, one of a number of little processes or owing to the severe headache it causes, cor'tical
sacs of peritoneum projecting from the serous a., motor a. idea'tional or i'deatory a., agnosia,
coat of the large intestine except the rectum; a misuse of objects due to a disturbance of
they are generally distended with fat. a. fasci'- identification, ideokinefic or i'deomo'tor a.,
olas, sternal prolongation of the "neck-band" a form in which there is a break between the
lesion of pellagra, a. fibro'sa hep'atis, a fibrous limb center and the ideational center; thus
process, into which the tip of the left lobe tapers simple movements, for which memories in the
out, which passes with the left triangular liga- limb center suffice, are well executed, but un-
ment to be attached to the diaphragm, a. usual or complicated ones fail as the command
tes'tis [BNA], Morgagni's hydatid, a small non- cannot be carried to the limb center, innerva'-
pedunculated body, or one of several, attached tion a., motor a. limb-kinefic a., motor a.
to the upper extremity of the testis, a. mo'tor a., an inability to make movements or to
ventric'uli laryn'gis [BNA], laryngeal saccule, use objects for the purpose intended by the will.
a small diverticulum, running up from the aproctia (i-prok'shyah) [G. a- priv. -1- proktos,
ventricle of the larynx between the false vocal anus.] Absence or imperforation of the anus.
cord and the ala of the thyroid cartilage, a, a'pron [O. Fr. naperon, a cloth.] An outer garment,
Termifor'mis, processus vermiformis [BNA]. covering the front of the body, to protect the
a. vesiculo'sa, vesicular appendage or hydatid of clothing during surgical operations and other
Morgagni, a small pedunculated cyst, sometimes maneuvers. Hott'entot a., hypertrophy of the
multiple, frequently seen attached to the nymphae, common in Hottentot women.
Fallopian tube near the fimbriated extremity. aprophoria (S-pro-faw'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. -1- pro-
auric' ular a., auricula (3), an ear-shaped pro- phora, utterance.] Aphasia, including agraphia.
jection from the anterior upper angle of each aprosex'ia [G. heedlessness.] Inattention, due to
auricle (atrium) of the heart. ocular, aural, or nasal defects or to mental weak-
apperception (ap'ur-sep'shun) [L. ad, to, percipere, ness, a. nasa'lis, a mental change associated with
to perceive.] Comprehension, conscious per- adenoids in certain cases.
ception. aproso'pia [G. a- priv, +
prosopon, face.] Con-
appercep'tive. Relating to apperception; noting genital absence of the greater part or all of the
the full apprehension of any psychic content; face, usually associated with other monstrosities.
referring the perception of ideas to one's own apselaphesla, apselaphesis (ap"se-ia-fe'zl-ah, ap"se-
personality. la-fe'sis) [G. a- priv. +
pselaphesis, feeling.]
appetite (ap'e-tit) [L. appetere, to long for.] A Iippairment or total loss of tactile sensation.
desire or longing to satisfy any conscious physical apsithy'ria [G. a- priv. + psithyriza, I wliisper.]
or mental need; specifically, a desire to take Loss of the ability to whisper.
food. apsychia (ap-si'ld-ah) [G. a- priv. -|- psyche, soul.]
ap'petite-juice. Gastric juice secreted at the time Loss of consciousness.
of eating, influenced in quality and quantity by apsychic, apsychical (ap-si'kik, ap-si'kl-kal) Not
the appetite and relish for the food ingested. mental or physical.
applana'tion [L. ad, to, -I- planare, to flatten.] aptyalia (ap-ti-a'H-ah). Aptyalism.
Flattening of a normally convex surface. aptyalism (ap-ti'al-izm) [G. o- priv. ptyalon, +
ap'ple. The fruit of Pirus malus. Ad'am's a., (i) saliva.] Diminished or arrested secretioil of
the projection of the thyroid cartilage in the neck; saliva, producing xerostomia.
 ., ;

APUS 71 AQUIPAROUS

a'pus [G. a- priv. -\- pous, foot.] A monster with- bark of witch hazel with water and adding 15 per cent,
out feet, usually with entire absence of the lower by volume of alcohol; dose, 3i-2 (2.0-8.0).
extremities. a. hydrogen'ii diox'idi, the former U.S. P. title of
apycnomorphous (^-pik"no-mor'fus [G. a- priv. + liquor* hydrogenii dioxidi, the lo-volume solution of
pyknos, thick + -morphe, shape, form.] Noting hydrogen dioxide, or peioxide; dose 3i~2 (4.0-8.0).
a. laurocer'asi (Br.) cherry-laurel water; dose
a cell or other structtire which does not stain ,

3^-1 (2.0-4.0).
deeply owing to the fact that the stainable or
a. mari'na, sea-water.
chromophil material is not closely aggregated.
a. medica'ta, gen. and pi. aqu<s medicates, medi-
apy'etous [G. a- priv. + pyesis, suppuration.] Non- cated water, an aqueous solution of a volatile sub-
suppurative, not purulent. stance, usually a saturated solution.
apy'onia. Pyoktanin j'-ellow. a. men'thse piperi'tfe (U.S. and Br.), peppermint
apyous (ap'i-us) [G. a- priv. + pyon, pus.] Apyetous. water, contains 0.2 per cent, of oil of pepperm.int;
apyret'ic [G. a~ priv. + pyretos, fever.] Non-febrile, dose, 3 i-S (4.0-32.0).
without fever. a. men'thge vir'idis (U.S. and Br), spearmint water,
apyrex'ia [G.] Absence of fever. contains o 2 per cent, of oil f o green mint or spear-
,

apyrex'ial. Apyretic. mint; dose, 3 1-8 (4,0-32.0),

a. ni'gra, black wash, lotio* hydrargyri nigra,
aqua, gen. and pi. aqutB (ah'kwah) [L.] Water,
a. phageden'ica, yellow wash.
chemical symbol HgO, hydrogen monoxide.
a. phenola'ta CN,F,), phenolated water, carbolic acid
The pharmaceutical waters, agues, are aqueous water, a solution of liquefied phenol, 22, in distilled
solutions of volatile substances, the term for a water, 978.
solution of a non- volatile substance being liquor. a. pimen'tse (Br.), allspice water, a solution of oil
of pimento or allspice; dose, 3i-8 (4.0-32,0).
a. amino' nis (U.S.). water of ammonia, liquor am- a. pluvia'lis» rain water.
moniae (Br.), contains 10 per cent, of ammonia gas; a. pu'ra, gen. aqucs purcs, pure water.
stimulant, TIB5-1S (0.3--1.0). a. re'gia, a. rega'lis [L, royal water, so called from
a. ammo'niEe for'tior (U.S.), stronger water of its power to dissolve gold], acidum nitrohydrochlori-
amniDnia. liquor ammonise fortior ( Br.) contains ,
cum.
28 per cent, of ammonia gas; employed locally as a a. regi'nae Hunga'riEe, queen of Hungary water, a
counterirritant. toilette preparation consisting of spirit of rosemarv to
a. amyg' dalae ama'rse (U.S.), water of bitter almond, which oil of lavender or of sage is added.
contains o.i per cent, by volume of oil of bitter a. ro'SEB (U.S, and Br,), rosewater, one-half
almond; dose, 5i~-2 (4.0-8.0). the strength of stronger rosewater; dose, 3 1-8
a. ane'thi (Br.), dill-water, made with dill fruit i (4,0-32.0).
pound, water 2 gallons.; sometimes given to nursing a. ro'sEB for'tior (U.S), stronger rosewater, satu-
women as a galactagogue in doses of 3 h~^ (16- 0-64 o) . rated solution of oil of rose-petals made by distillation
a. ani'si (U.S. and Br.), water of anise, contains dose, 3^-4 (2.0-16.0).
0.2 per cent, by volume of oil of anise; dose 3^~4 a. sambu'ci (Br,), elderberry water, prepared from
(4.0-16.0). the fresh flowers, used as an ingredient in lotions.
a. auran'tii flo'rum (U.S. and Br.), orange-flower a. saturni'na, lead water, liquor* plumbi subaceta-
water, one-half the strength of stronger orange-flower tis dilutus,
water; dose, 3i-8 (4.0-32.0). a. sedati'va, sedative water, eau sedative de Raspail,
a. auran'tii flo'rum. for'tior (U.S.), stronger orange- lotio* ammoniacalis camphorata (N.F,),
flower water, triple orange-flower water a saturated so-
,
a. sterila'ta, gen. aqu<s sterilatcE, sterilized water,
lution of oil of orange flowers; dose, 3^-4 (2,0-16.0). a. tofa'na, a solution of arsenic used by a poisoner of
a. bul'liens, gen. aqtu^ b-ul-lien'tis, boUing water. Palermo, named Tofana, in the seventeenth century.
a. cal'cis, liquor* calcis. a. vi'tge [water of life], brandy.
a. cam,pho'r8e (U.S. a;id Br.), camphor water, con-
tains 0.8 per cent, of camphor; dose, 3 1—4 (4 .0-16,0).
aquacapsulitis (ak-wah-kap-su-li'(le')tis). S«rous
a. ca'rui (Br.), caraway water; dose, Si~i (16.0-
iritis, descemetitis,

a. chlo'ri* a, chlorata, chlorine water; an aqueous aquseduc'tus [L. aqua, water, -h ductus, duct.]
solution of chlorine of at least 0.4-0.5 per cent, Aqueduct, conduit, canal, a. cer'ebri [BNA],
strength, official in the U.S. P., 1890; employed as a aqueduct of the cerebrum, aqueduct of Sylvius,
local stimulant and disinfectant application to ulcers iter a tertio ad quartum ventriculum; a canal
and diluted as a gargle in sore throat; see also liquor about f inch long, lined with ciliated epithe-
chlori compositus.
lium, leading downward through the mesen-
a. chlorofor'mi (U.S. and Br.), chloroform water,
saturated solution of chloroform in distilled water; cephalon from the third to the fourth ventricle.
dose, 3 1-8 (4.0-32,0). a. coch'leae, ductus perilymph at icus, a. Cotun'-
a. cinnam,o^mi (U.S. and Br.) cinnamon water
, nii, a, vestibuli. a. Fallo'pii, canalis facialis.
contains 0.2 per cent, of oil of cinnamon; dose, 3 1-8 Ei.Syl'vii, a, cerebri, a. vestib'uli [BNA], aqueduct
(4,0-32,0). of the vestibule, aqueduct of Cotunnius, a canal
a. colonien'sis, eau de Cologne, Cologne water, a
running from the vestibule and opening on the
perfumed spirit containing a number of fragrant oils in
posterior surface of the petrous portion of the
alcohol.
a. commu'Dis, ordinary tap-water, temporal bone, giving passage to the ductus
a. creoso'ti (U.S.), creosote water, contains t per endol3miphaticus and a small vein,
cent, of creosote; dose, 3 1—8 (4 0-32 o).
, , aquapuncture (ak-wah-pung'chur) [L, aqua, water,
a. destilla'ta, gen. aqMB destillatas (U.S.), distilled -j- punctura, puncture.] Hypodermic injection
water, used as a solvent, of water to produce count erirrit at ion or for any
a. destilla'ta sterilisa'ta (U.S.), distilled and sterilized
other purpose.
water.
aqueduct (ak'we-dukt) [L. aquceductus.l A con-
a. fer'vida,gen. aqueB fervidis, hot water.
a. foenic'uli(U.S. and Br.), water of fennel, con- duit or canal; see aqumductus.
tains 0.2 per cent, of oil of fennel; dose, 3 1-8 (4-0- aqueous (a'kwe-us) [L. aqua.] "Watery, a. hu'mor,
32.0). the watery fluid filling the anterior and posterior
a. fonta'na, gen. aqu<s fontance, well water, spring chambers of the eye.
water, aquiferous (3,-kwif' er-us) [L. aqua, water, + ferre
a. for'tis, weak nitric acid. Conveying water or a watery lymph.
to carry,]
a. frig'ida, gen. aqu(B frigidcB, cold water.
(U.S,), water of witch hazel, aquip'arous [L, aqua, water, -I- parere, to bring
a. hamamel'idis
distilled extract of witch hazel, made by distilling forth.] Secreting or excreting a watery fluid.
AQUOCAPSULITIS 72 ARC

aquocapsulitis (ak-wo-kap-su-li'(le')tis). Aqua- ulant, diaphoretic, and alterative; the latter is

capsulitis. official in the N.F. as aralia, and is given in

aquos'ity. i. The state of being watery, i. syphilis and rheumatism in doses of gr. 20-40
Moisture. (i 2—2 5), and applied locally to indolent ulcers.
.
.

aquula (ak'woo-lah) [L. a small stream.] The Aran's can'cer (ar-ahh') [Franfois AmUcar Aran,
and perilymph Parisian physician, 1817-1861.] Chloroma of the
endolymph (o. interna) (a.
orbit with leucemia. A.'s law, a blow on the
externa) in the membranous labyrinth.
ar'abate. A
salt of arable acid. vault of the cranium is more apt to cause a frac-
Arabell'a, Hungary. 'Saline waters. Used in ture of the base than of the vault.
rheumatism, gout, hepatic and renal disorders, Aran'-Duchenne's' disease'. Progressive muscular
and obesity. atrophy; see Duchenne-Aran.
ar'abic. Relating or derived from various
to araneous (ci-ra'ne-us) [L. aranea, cobweb.] Like a
species of acacia giving a gummy or resinous cobweb arachnoid.
;

exudate, a. acid, arabin. gum a., acacia. Aran'tius's canal' or duct [Latinized form of
ar'abin. Arabic acid, a carbohydrate gum, Giulio Cesare Aranzio, Italian physician, 1530-
CijH.jOu, or (CsHioOt), + H^O, forming gum 1589.] Ductus venosus. A.'s lig'ament, liga-
arable in union with calcium, potassium, and mentum venosum. A.'s nod'ule, nodule of
magnesium. Morgagni, the nodule at the center of the free
abinose. A dextrorotatory pentose obtained border of each leaf of the aortic valve. A.'s
from boiling arable and some other gums
gum ven'tricle, a small cul-de-sac on the floor of the
with 0.5 per cent, sulphuric acid. fourth ventricle of the brain anterior to the tip
Ara'ceae [L. arum, the wake-robin.] An order of of the calamus.
monocotyledonous plants, having monecious or arar'oba [Brazil Indian, bark.] (Br.) Goa powder,
hermaphrodite flowers sessile in inflorescence crude chrysarobin, the dried and powdered con-
on a spadix. cretion found in the wood of Vouacapoua araroba
Arachis (ar'4-kis). A genus of leguminous plants, (Andira araroba) a forest tree of Brazil; it con-
the best' known species of which is A, hypogcea, tains about 50 per cent, of chrysarobin.
the peanut, a. oil, peanut-oil, used as a substi- ar'bor [L. tree.] In anatomy, one of the tree-like
tute for or adulterant of olive-oil. or branching structures, arbor vitse (2 and 3).
arachnitis (ar-ak-ni'(ne')tis). Inflammation of the a. vi'tae [L. tree of life], (i) thuja; (2) the branched
arachnoid membrane, arachnoiditis. configuration formed by ridges and folds of the
arachnoid (ar-ak'noyd) [G. arachne, cobweb, + mucous membrane of the cervix uteri, a. vitse
eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a cobweb; the arbores-
uteri or uterina, plicse* palmatse; (3)
noting specifically the arachnoidea,* arachnoid cent appearance presented on cross-section of
membrane, or middle layer of membranes the cerebellum formed by the contrasting outlines
covering the brain and spinal cord. of the white and gray matter, a. vitse cerebelli.
arachnoidal (ar-ak-noy'dal). Relating to the arach- arbores'cent [L arborescere, to become a tree.]
noid membrane, or arachnoidea.* Tree-like, branching, dendritic.
arachnoidea (ar-ak-no-id'e-ah) [L. fem. (qualifying arboriza'tion. Ramification; noting especially (i)
tela, web) of arachnoideus, cobweb-like, from G. the mode of termination of certain nerve processes
arachne, cobweb, -1- eidos, resemblance.] A or fibers; (2) the interlacing of the arterioles, cap-
delicate fibrous membrane forming the middle illaries, and veinlets.
of the three coverings of the brain (a. enceph'ali) ar'borize [L. arbor, a tree.] To ramify.
and of the spinal cord (a. spina'lis); it is closely ar'boroid [L. arbor, tree, -1- G. eidos, resemblance.]
applied to the dura mater, separated only by the Noting a colony of protozoa, each of which re-
subdural cavity, but between it and the pia mater mains attached to another cell or to the main
there is in places a considerable space, the cavum stem at one point, forming a branching or den-
subarachnoidale. dritic figure.
Arachnoidea (ar-ak-no-id'e-ah) [G. arachne, spider, ar'bulith.Trade name of a mixture of hexamethy-
+ eidos, resemblance.] A group of Arihropoda lenamine lithium benzoate and arbutin, recom-
which includes the spiders, mites, and ticks. mended as a urinary antiseptic and uric-acid
arachnoiditis (ar-ak-noy-di'(de')tis). Inflammation solvent.
of the arachnoid membrane, arachnitis. ar'butin. A white, bitter, crystalline glucoside from
arachnolysin (ar-ak-nol'i-sin) [G. arachne, spider, -t- uva tirsi, CijHuO,; diuretic in doses of gr. 3-5
lysin.] An hemolysin in the venom of the spider. .(0.2-0.3).
arachnopia (ar-ak"no-pi'ah). The arachnoid and Ar'butus [L. wild strawberry.] A genus of ever-
pia mater regarded as one membrane. green shrub of the natural order EricacecB, A.
ar'ack [Hindoo word.] A strong alcoholic liquor menzie'sii, the madrono-tree of Oregon and Cali-
distilled from dates, rice, sap of the cocoanut fornia, a large tree the bark of which is astringent,
palm, and other substances. but not used in medicine. A. officinale, .4. uva-
aTEeocar'dia. Areocardia. ursi. A. une'do, the strawberry-tree of southern
araeom'eter. Areometer. Europe. A. u'va-ur'si, Arciostaphylos uva-ursi,
Aragon', Mexico. Carbonated-chalybeate waters, the source of the drug uva* ursi.
77** F. Used in anemia, chlorosis, and like arc [L. arcus, a bow.] A curved line or segment of
disorders. a circle, auric'ular a., binauric'ular a., a line
araiocardia (Ji-ra-o-kar'dl-ah) [G. araios, thin, rare, carried over the cranium from the center of one
+ Bradycardia.
kardia, heart.] external auditory meatus to that of the other.
Ara'lia. Agenus of plants, several species of breg"niatolamb'doid a., the line running along the
which have been more or less used in domestic sagittal suture from the bregma to the apex of the
medicine on account of their aromatic properties. lambdoid suture, keratoscop'ic a., a form of
The rhizome and roots of ^4. nudicau'lis, wild ophthalmometer devised by DeWecker and
sarsaparilla, wild licorice, small spikenard, and Masselon for measuring corneal astigmatism.
A. racemosa, American spikenard, plants growing longltu'dinal a. of the skull, the line carried over
in eastern and central North America, are stim- the skull from the nasion to the opisthion.
ARC 73 ARCHINEURON

na"sobregmat'ic a., a line running through the -1- amphi, around, + aster, star.] The primordial
midline of the forehead from the nasion to the amphiaster formed at the time the polar globules
bregma re'flex a., the route followed in the are extruded.
production of a reflex act, from the periphery archebiosis (ar-ke-bi-o'sis) [G. arche, origin, -H
through the afferent nerve to the spinal center hiosis, life.] Spontaneous generation, abiogenesis.
and thence through the efferent nerve to the archegenesis (ar-ke-gen'e-sis) [G. arche, beginning,
periphery again. + genesis, origin.] Spontaneous generation,
arcade (ar-kad') [L. arcus, arc, bow.] An anatom- abiogenesis.
ical structure resembling a series of arches. archegonium (ar-ke-go'ni-um) [G. arche, origin, +
arca'num [L. arcanus, secret, hidden.] A secret gone, generation, seed.] The female organ in the
remedy of supposed great therapeutic virtue. higher cryptogamic plants, the analogue of the
arcate (ar'kat) [L. arcatus, from arcus, bow,] pistil in flowering plants. It consists of a neck por-
Arched, bow-shaped. tion, pierced by a central canal leading down to an
axcein (ar'se-in). Arecoline hydrobromide. expanded portion, or venter, containing the ovum.
arch [L. arcus, bow.] In anatomy, any vaulted or archenteron (ark-en'ter-on) [G. arche, beginning, +
arch-like structure. See arcus. abdom'inotho- enteron, intestine.] The primitive enteron, ccelen-
rac'ic a., the line of the false ribs on either side teron, formed by the invagination of the blasto-
with the lower end of the sternum, marking dermic vesicle.
roughly ,the boundary line between the abdomen archeocyte (ar'ke-o-sIt) Archaeocyte
and thorax, a. of the foot, the hollow on the archesporium (ar-ke-spo'ri-um) [G. arche, begin-
inner part of the sole in the metatarsal region. ning, -t- sporos, seed.] A layer of cells giving rise
aoi'tic a., the wide curve made by the aorta in to the mother cells of spores or pollen.
the first part of its course, arcus* aortce. aor'tic archetype (ar'ke-tip) [G. arche, beginning, + typos,
arch'es, five pairs of curved primitive blood- type.] A primitive type of structure from which
vessels near the upper pole of the embryo. various forms have been developed by differ-
bran'chial arch'es, (i) four pairs of curved entiation.
cartilages near the upper pole of the embryo; archiater (ar-kl-a'ter) [G. archi-, first, chief, 4-

(2) aortic arches, car'pal arch'es, two anas- iatros, physician.] i. A

chief physician of any
tomotic arterial twigs running transversely institution, z. A physician to royalty.
across the wrist: the anterior lies in front of Archibald's fever (ar'chi-bawldz fe'vur) [Robert
the carpus, being formed by anterior carpal George Archibald, British Army Surgeon,
branches of the radialis and ulnaris; it is *i88o.] A
fever marked by drowsiness and a
distributed to the structures of the wrist and temperature of 101° to 103°, occurring in the
carpal joints; the posterior or dorsal lies on the Sudan, caused by a microorganism of the B.
posterior surface of the carpus, being formed cloacce group.
by the dorsal carpal branches of the radialis archiblast (ar'kl-blast) [G. archi-, primitive, -|-

and ulnaris; it is distributed to the structures blastos, germ.] i. Epiblast* of His. 2. The

of the carpal and wrist-joints and gives out formative part of the yolk distinguished from that
two dorsal interosseous branches, cru'ral a., which affords nourishment to the embryo.
Poupart's ligament, deep cru'ral a., upper edge archiblastic (ar-kl-blas'tic). Relating to the archi-
of the aponeurosis covering the femoral vessels. blast.
den'tal a., the curve formed by the alveolar archiblastoma (ar"ki-blas-to'ma). A tumor derived
process and the teeth in each jaw. fem'oral a., from tissues of archiblastic origin.
Poupart's ligament, glossoparatine a., the archicarp (ar'k!-karp) [G. archi-, first, + karpos,
curve formed by the two anterior pillars of the fruit.] In botany, the female organ in certain
fauces, arcus* glossopalatinus. he'mal a., the of the lower cryptogams, having no special
ventral arch of the typical vertebra, enclosing the receptive apparatus.
thoracicoabdominal organs, represented by the archicytula (ar-ki-sit'u-lah) [G. archi-, first, -H
ribs and sternum, hy'oid a., the- second visceral kytos, a hollow (a cell).] The primitive cytula or
a. which joins with the thyrohyoid a. to form the parent cell in the embryo.
structures mentioned under that arch, man- archigaster [G. archi-, first, -I- gaster, belly.]

dib'ular a., the first visceral a., forming the max- Archenteron.
illa, malar and palate bones, the malleus, incus, archigastrula (ar-kl-gas'tru-lah) [G. archi-, first.]
tragus, and part of the helix, and the mandible. The primitive gastrula developing from the
neu'ral a., the dorsal a. of the typical vertebra, archiblastula.
inclosing the cerebrospinal nervous system. archigenesis (ar-kl-gen'e-sis) [G. archi-, first, +
pal'atine a., arcus palatini, pal'mar a., arcus genesis, origin.] Archibiosis.
volaris. pharyngopal'atine a., arcus pharyngo- archigonocyte (ar-kl-gon'o-sit) [G. archi-, first, -I-

palatinus. plan'tar a., arcus plantaris. pu'bic E. gonocyte.] The primary germ bell, one of the
a., arcus pubis, supercil'iary a., arcus super- two cells formed by the division of the last proto-
ciliaris. supraor'bital a., the superior curve of gonocyte.
the anterior margin of the orbit, tar'sal a., archil (ar'kil). A violet dye from the lichens,

arcus tarseus. thyrohy'oid a., the third visceral Roccella iinctoria and R. fuciformis.
archimonerula (ar"kI-mon-er'u-lah) [G. archi-,
a. giving rise to the posterior portion of the
tongue, the lesser comu and part of the body first.] The primitive monerula from which the
of the hyoid bone, and the styloid process of archicytula develops.
archimorula (ar-kl-mor'u-lah) [G. archi-, first.]
the temporal bone, vis'ceral arch'es, five round,
curved bars with cartilaginous framework, The primitive morula, the stage of development of
in the embryo, which form various structures. the impregnated ovum following the archicjrtula.
zygomat'ic a., the a. formed by the zygoma and archinephron (ar-kl-nef'ron) [G. archi-, first +
corresponding process of the temporal bone. nephron, kidney.] Wolffian* body.
archeeocyte (ar'ke-o-sit) [G. archaios, ancient, -I- archineuron (ar-kl-nu'ron) [G. archi-, first, chief,
kytos, a hollow (a cell).] A wandering cell. + neuron.] Central neuron, or pyramidal cell,
archamphiaster (ark-am-fe-as'ter) [G. arche, origin. a cell of the cerebral cortex, with all its processes.
 .

ARCHIPALLIUM 74 ARCUS

archipallium (ar-kl-pal'I-um) [G. archi- first, + arcuation (ar-ku-a'shim). i. A bending. 2. A

pallium.] The olfactory cortex; distinguished curvature.
from the neopaUium which is of later develop- ar'cus, gen. and a bow.] Any struc-
pi. ar'cus, [L.

ment. ture resembling a bent bow or an arch; an arc.

archiplasm (ar'ki-plazm) [G. archi-, first.] The
substance of the attraction sphere surrounding a. adipo'sus, a, senilis.
a. ante'rior atlan'tis [BNA], the anterior arch of the
the polar corpuscles centroplasm.
;

atlas.
archisome (ar'ld-som) [G. archi-, first, primitive, +
a. aor'tsCt arch of the aorta, the curve between the
soma, body.] Archiplasm. ascending and descending portions of the thoracic
archisperm (ar'kl -sperm). Gymnosperm. aorta; it lies behind the manubrium stemi; it gives off
archistome (ar'ki-stom) [G. archi-, first, + stoma, the innominate, the left cominon carotid, and the
mouth.] Blastopore. left subclavian arteries.
architis (ar-ki'(ke')tis) [G. arches, fundament, + a. costa'rum fBNA], the arch formed by the ribs

Proctitis. enclosing the thorax.

-iiis ]
a. denta'lis [BNA], dental arch.""
arch-loop-whorl sys'tem. Galton's* system of
a. glossopa'ati'nus [BNA], anterior palatine arch,
classification of finger-prints
anterior pillar of the fauces; one of a pair of ridges or
archocele (ar'ko-sel) [G. archos, fundament, + folds of mucous membrane, enclosing the palatoglossus
kele, tumor.] Prolapse of the rectum; hernia of muscle, passing from the under surface of the soft
the rectum. palate downward and forward to the sides of the
archocystocolposyrinx (ar"ko-sis''to-kor'po-sir'inks) tongue. Between this and the a. pharyngopalatinus
lies the faucial or palatine tonsil.
[G. archos, fundament, + kystis, bladder, + a. juveni'lis, a grayish ring at the corneal margin
kopos, vagina, + syrinx, fistula.] A fistulous
of the iris, resembling the a. senilis, but occurring in a
tract involving rectum, bladder, and vagina,
young person.
archocystosyrinx (ar"ko-sis"to-sir'inks) [G. archos, a.lumbocosta'Us latera'lis [BNA], Hgamentum arcua-
fundament, + kysiis, bladder, +
syrinx, fistula.] tum externum; a tendinous arch, formed by a thicken-
A rectovesical fistula. ing of the fascia of the quadratus lumborum muscle,
archoplasm (ar'ko-plasm) [G. archos, leader, + passing from the transverse process of the first lumbar
plasma^ i.- Kinoplasm, a differentiated self- vertebra to the first rib on either side; the diaphragm
is attached to it.
perpetuating form of protoplasm in the protozoa,
a. lumbocosta'lis media'lis [BNA], Hgamentum
in which the motor activities of the cell reside.
arcuatum internum; a tendinous arch, formed by a
2. Archiplasm. thickening of the psoas fascia, passing from the body
archoptoma (ar-kop-to'mah) [G archos, fundament, to the tip of the transverse process of the first lumbar
-}- ptoma, a fall.] Archoptosia. vertebra on either side; the diaphragm is attached
archopto'sia (ar-kop-to'si-ah) [G. archos, funda- to it.
ment, + ptosis, a falling.] Prolapse of the a. palati'ni, pillars of the fauces; see u. glosso-
pdlatinus and a. pharyngopalatinus.
rectum; written also archoptosis.
a. palma'ris, a. volaris [BNA].
archorrhagia (ar-ko-raj'I-ah) [G. archos, fundament,
a. pliaryn''gopalati'nus [BNA], posterior palatine
.

+ -rhagia.} A discharge of blood from the anus. arch, posterior pillar of the fauces; one of a pair of
archorrhea, archorrhoea (ar-ko-re'ah) [G. archos, ridges or folds of mucous membrane, enclosing the
fundament, + rhoia, flow.] A discharge of pus palatopharyngeus muscle, passing from the posterior
from the anus margin of the soft palate to the side-walls of the
archosoma (ar'ko-so-mah) Archisoma.
•
pharynx. Between this and the a. glossopalatinus
lies the faucial or palatine tonsil.
archostenosis (ar"ko-stg-no'sis) [G. archos, funda-
a. pktnta'ris, plantar arch, formed by the plantaris
ment, + stenosis, narrowing.] Stricture of the
lateralis artery running across the bases of the meta-
rectum or anus. tarsal bones and anastomosing with the dorsalis pedis.
archosyrinx (ar-ko- sir' inks) [G. archos, fundament, a. poste'rior atlan'tis [BNA], the posterior arch of
+ syrinx, fistula.] Fistula in ano. the atlas.
archyle (ar-ki'le) [G. arche, origin, + hyle, stuff.] a. pu'bis, pubic arch, the arch formed by the two

The hypothetical primitive stuff from which all inferior rami of the pubis.
a. seni'Us, an opaque, grayish ring at the periphery
matter has been developed by differentiation;
of the cornea, of frequent occurrence in the aged; it
protyle, psychoplasm.
results from a deposit of fatty granules in the lamellae
ar'ciform [L. arcus, bow, + forma, shape.] Arcuate, and cells of the cornea.
bow-shaped. a. supercilia'ris [BNA], superciliary arch, super-
arcta'tion [L. artare, to contract, limit.] Narrowing, ciliary or supraorbital ridge; a fullness extending
contraction, stricture- outward from the glabella on either side, above the
Arctic Springs, Wisconsin. Alkaline- calcic-chaly orbital margin of the frontal bone, marking the site
of the frontal sinus.
beate waters, 48° F. Used in renal congestion,
a. tar'seus, tarsal arch, one of two vascular arches,
early stages of Bright's disease, acid dyspepsia,
a. t. supe'rior and a. t. infe'rior, continuations of the
constipation, and general debility. internal palpebral arteries, which encircle the upper
Arc'tium. A genus of herbs of Europe and Asia, andl o wer eyelids respectively, near their tarsal margins.
the burdocks. A. lap'pa, A. officinale Lappa a. tendin'eus* tendinous arch, a fibrous band arching
officinale, the source of lappa,* or burdock. over a vessel or nerve, as it passes through a muscle,
Arctostaph'ylos [G. arktos, bear, -f staphyle, bunch and protecting it from injurious compression.
a. tendln'eus mus'culi so'leit a tendinous arch
of grapes.] A
genus of evergreen shrubs of the
stretching over the popliteal vessels between the tibia
natural order Ericacece. a. uva-ursi, A rbutus and fibula, which gives origin to the central portion
uva-ursi, bearberry, the source of the drug uva of the soleus muscle.
ursi. a. veno'sus dorsa'lis pe'dis, dorsal venous arch of
ar'cual. Relating to an arch, the foot, in the subcutaneous tissue of the dorsum of
arcuate (ar'ku-at) [L. arcuaius, bowed.] Arched, the foot, formed by the dorsal digital veins; it unites
bowed, a. fascic'ulus, (i) fasciculus longitudinalis internally with the dorsal vein of the great toe to forai
superior; (2) fasciculus uncinatus. the vena saphena magna, and externally with the
a. fl'bers, the
dorsal vein of the little toe to form the vena saphena
transverse curving fibers of the pons and medulla.
parva.
a. lig'ament, Hgamentum arcuatum. a.. nu'cleuSi
a. veno'sus planta'ris, plantar venous arch, formed
nucleus arcuatus. u. u'terus, uterus arcuatus. by the plantar digital veins from the toes.
ARCUS 75 ARGENTOUS
a. ver'tebrae [BNA], vertebral arch. aiecoline (S-rek'o-len). A
colorless oily alkaloid
a. vola'ris profun'dus [BNA], deep palmar arch, from the betel-nut. a. hydrobro'mide, occtu-s as
extends from base of metacarpal bone of little finger colorless acicular crystals, anthelmintic in doses of
to upper end of first interosseous space, formed
by anastomosis of termination of the radialis with the g""-
'h-h (0.003-0.006).
deep branch (ramus volaris profundus'* of the ulnar's. areflexia (a,-re-fleks'i-ah) [G. a- priv. + reflex.]
a. vola'ris [BNA], superficial palmar
superficia'lis A condition in which the reflexes are abolished.
arch; extends ball of little finger to ball of thumb;
from arena'tiou [L. arena, sand.] The use of hot sand in
formed by terrninal portion of ulnaris and superficial therapeutics.
volar branch of radialis. areocar'dia [G. araios, thin, rare, H- kardia, heart.]
a. zygomaf icus, zygomatic arch, zygoma,
Bradycardia.
are'ola [L. dim. of area.] i. Any minute area.
ardanesthe'sia, ardansesthe'sia [L. ardor, heat, G. + 2. One of the spaces or interstices in areolar
OM- priv. +
aisthesis, sensation.] Thermanesthesia. tissue. 3. The pigmented ring surrotinding the
ar'dent " [L. ardere, to bum.] Hot, burning, a. nipple. 4. An erjrthematous ring surrotinding
spir'its, brandy, whiskey, and other forms of a papule, pusttde, or other inflammatory lesion,
distilled alcoholic liquors. of the skin. a. maxn'maa, a, circular pigmented
ar'dor [L. fire, heat.] A hot or burning sensation. area surrounding the nipple or papilla mammae;
a. uri'nae, sensation on urinating.
a scalding its surface is dotted with little projections due
a. ventric'uli, pyrosis, heartburn. to the presence of the areolar, or Montgomery's,
area (a're-ah) [L. a courtyard. ] i. Any circum- glands beneath, a. papilla'ris, a. mammae, a.
scribed surface or space; region. ^. AH of the umbilica'lls, a. umbiUca'ris, a pigmented ring
part supplied by a given artery or nerve. 3. A around the umbilicus in the pregnant woman.
part of an organ having a special function, as the are'olar. Relating to an areola in any sense.
motor area of the brain, a. acus'tica [BNA], a. tis'sue, loose connective tissue containing
acoustic a., an area in the floor of the fourth ven- many interspaces.
tricle over which run the strias meduUares; the areometer (a-re-om'e-tur) [G. araios, thin (not solid),
lower part embraces the trigonum acustici. u. -f- metron, measure.] Hydrometer, an instrument
Cel'si, alopecia areata, a. cribro'sa, cribriform for determining the specific gravity of a liquid.
area, cribrum benedictum; (a) the apex of a renal areomet'ric. Relating to areometry or the areo-
papilla pierced by the openings of the excretory meter.
tubules, foramina papillaria; (b) the area sur- areometiy (S-re-om'S-trf). The determination of
rounding the renal papillae marked by numerous tiie specific gravity of a fluid by means of an
depressions where the vessels and nerves enter areometer.
and leave the substance of the kidney, a. gas'- Aretae'us' elephanti'asis [Aretaios, a Greek physician
trica, one of a niunber of small polygonal areas, and writer, bom in Cappadocia in the second
separated by linear depressions, on the surface century B.C.] Tubercular leprosy.*
of the mucous membrane of the stomach; they argamblyo'pia [G. argos, not working.] Amblyopia
contain the gastric foveolae. a. genninati'va, ex anopsia, amblyopia from disuse of the
germinal a., the place in the ovum where the eye.
embryo begins to be formed, a. opa'ca, the Ar'gas [G. contr. of argeeis, shining.] A genus of
outer portion of the a. germinativa. a. parol- mites of the family Ixodidce, some species of which,
facto'ria, parolfactory a., Broca's a., a small usually infecting birds, may attack man, causing
and indistinctly defined gyrus on the mesial severe pain and sometimes fever.
surface of the hemisphere between the sub- argent'amine. A trade name for ethylene diamine
callosal and the superior frontal gyri, from which silver nitrate or diaminoethane silver nitrate; a
it is separated by respectively the posterior and clear fltiid containing 10 parts each of silver
anterior parolfactory sulci, a. pellu'cida, the nitrate and ethylene diamine (diaminoethane)
clear center of the a. germinativa. a. vasculo'sa, in 100 parts of water; said to be irritating, but
the part of the a. opaca when the first blood- less so than silver nitrate.
vessels appear, a. vitelli'na, the part of the argenta'tion. ±. Local superficial staining with
ovum outside the a. germinativa. associa'tion silver nitrate. 2. Argyria.

a., any a. in the brain connecting one sensory a. aigen'tl. Gen. of argenium. '

with another, mo'tor a., the cortical portion of argen'tic. Noting a chemical compound con-
the brain embraced in the frontal and parietal taining silver in a higher valency, therefore in
ascending convolutions, senso'rial or sen'sory a., lesser proportionate amount, than an argentous
the general surface of the cerebral hemispheres compound, a. oz'ide, AgjO.
outside of the motor a. silent a., any area of argentide (ar-jen'tid). Trade name of a concen-
the cerebral or cerebellar surface, lesion of which trated solution of silver iodide; locally germicidal
occasions no definite sensory or motor symptoms. and astringent.
ven'tral a., 'anterior root zone, a collection of ar'gentine. Relating to silver.
special nerve fibers in the posterior ftmiculus, or ar'gentol. A trade name for silver oxyquinoline
white column, of the spinal cord, near the pos- (oxychinoline) sulphonate; a yellowish powder,
terior septtun. vis'ual a., the occipital lobe and slightly soluble in water, and containing 32
angular gyrus of each cerebral hemisphere. parts of metallic silver; used as a dressing for
areatus (a.-re-a'tus) Occurring in patches or
.
wounds, an intestinal antiseptic, and an injec-
circumscribed areas. tion, in solution of i to 1000, in gonorrhea.
Ar'eca. A genus of palms of India and the Malay argen'tose. A compound of nucleoprotein and
Archipelago. A. cat'echu, a large handsome silver, containing 30 per cent, of the latter;
tree of the East Indies which furnishes the employed ^s an astringent and germicide in
betel-nut or areca-nut, semen arecas, an astringent gonorrhea, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, etc.
and anthelmintic in doses of 32-4 (8.0-16.0). ar'gentous. Noting a chemical compound contain-
arecaine (ar-ek'ah-en). A crystalline alkaloid ing silver in a lower valency, therefore in a larger
resembling betaine, derived from semen arecae, proportionate amount than an argentic com-
or the betel-nut. pound, a. ox'ide, AgiO.
 —

ARGENTUM 76 ARISTOLOCHIA

argen'tum, gen. argen'ti [L.] Silver, a brilliant white carbon has been obtained, and it is believed to
metallic element, symbol Ag, atomic weight, unite with magnesium at a very high tempera-
107 .12. It is not employed in medicine as such, ture.
but silver wire is employed as a suture material, ar'gonin. A trade name for silver caseinate; a
and silver leaf has been used in surgical dressings. white powder, insoluble in cold, but soluble in
For references to the various albuminous and hot water, and containing 4 per cent of silver.
other non-official salts see under silver, ar- A similar compoimd, argonin L, or soluble argonin,
gent! ace'tas, occurs in white crystals freely is more freely soluble in cold water, and contains
soluble in water; recommended as a substitute 10 per cent, of metallic silver.
for silver nitrate in ophthalmia neonatorum, as Ar'gyli-Rob'ertson pu'pil or symp'tom (ar'gol)
being less irritating, argent! arse'nis, a yellow [Douglas Argyll Robertson, Scotch ophthalmolo-
powder, insoluble in water; employed as an gist, 1837-1909] Absence of the light reflex in
alterative in diseases of the skin in doses of j^jy the pupil, while the power of contraction during
to -jj gr. (0.0006-0.001). argenti chlo'ridum, accommodation is preserved; one of the symp-
a. whitish mass insoluble in water, formerly em- toms frequently present in tabes dorsalis and
ployed as a substitute for the nitrate when the general paralysis.
caustic action of the latter was not desired; on argjrria (ar-jir'T-ah) [G. argyros, silver.] Argyriasis,
solidifying after being melted it forms a trans- argyrism; a slate-gray or bluish discoloration of
lucent mass known as horn silver; it is found the skin and deeper tissues and organs, due to the
native in this form. a. colloida'le, colloidal silver. deposit of insoluble albuminate of silver, occur-
coUargol.* argenti cyan'idum (Br.), a white ring after the medicinal administration for a
powder containing about 80 per cent, of silver; long period of a soluble silver salt.
used for making dilute hydrocyanic acid by argyria»is (ar-jir-i'a-sis). Argyria.
treating with dilute hydrochloric acid; has been argyr'ic. Argentic.
given in chorea and epilepsy in doses of ^'j— ^ argyrism (ar'jir-izm). Argyria.
gr. (0.601—0.003). argenti eos'olas, a salt con- argyritis (ar"jl-ri'tis) [G. argyros, silver.] Silver or
taining 50 per cent, of silver; employed in yellow litharge; plumbi oxidum when of a de-
gonorrhea in 1-200 solution or 1-50 ointment. cidedly yellow color; see chrysilis.
a. foUa'tum, silver leaf, silver foil, official in the ar'gyrol. A trade name for silver vitelline, a
German Pharmacopeia; employed in surgical compound of silver and a protein obtained from
dressings, argenti io'das, a white powder, nearly serum-albumin ; a dark-brown powder or scales,
insoluble in water; employed as an astringent in freely soluble in water, and containing about 25
diarrhea in doses of xj—^ gr. (0.005-0.01). per cent, of silver; employed in gonorrhea and
argenti io'didum, a yellowish powder, insoluble in eye diseases in solution of 1—50 to 1-20.
in water; formerly used in sj^hilis, chorea, and argyro'sis. Chronic silver poisoning.
other affections in dose of \-2 gr. .(0.03-0. 12), arhinencephalia (a-rin"en-se-fa'Ii-ah). Arrhinen-
and externally in conjunctivitis and urethritis. cephalia.
a. liq'uidum, quicksilver, hydrargyrum.* argenti arhin'ia. Arrhinia.
ni'tras (U.S. and Br.), occurs in clear, colorless ar'hovin. Trade name of a compound of diphenyl-
crystals rapidly darkening on exposure to light, amine and thymylbenzoic-acid ester; an oily
freely soluble in water; employed occasionally liquid, employed in gonorrheal cystitis and
internally in epilepsy, gastritis, and diarrhea, in gonorrheal rheumatism in doses of mi4 (0.25).
doses of i-J gr. (0.01-0.03); externally in so- arhyth'mia. Arrhythmia.
lution in the treatment of gonorrhea, purulent ar'il [L. arillus, a raisin.] In botany, an outgrowth
ophthalmia, etc.,
ophthalmia neonatorum,
and in the prevention
argenti ni'tras fu'sus
of from any part — stalk, integument, or placenta
of a seed.
(U.S.), molded silver nitrate, lunar caustic, stick ar'illode [L. arillus, aril, -I- G. eidos, resemblance.]
caustic; employed externally as a caustic, ar- A false aril, or appendage of a seed, originating
genti ni'tras indura'tus (Br.), toughened caustic; often from the micropyle.
contains i part of potassium nitrate in 20 parts aristochin (S-ris'to-kin). Diquinine carbonic-acid
of silver nitrate, argenti ni'tras mitiga'tus ester; a white tasteless powder, containing g6
(Br.), mitigated silver nitrate, mitigated caus- per cent, of quinine employed in malaria in adult
;

tic; a mixture of i part of silver nitrate and 2 doses of gr. 8-13 (0.5-1.0).
parts of potassium nitrate, argenti ox'idum aristogenics (ar"is-to-jeu'iks) [G. aristos, best, +
(U.S. and Br.), silver oxide, a dark brown or genea, race, offspring.] An extreme and intensive
blackish powder, explosive when mixed with form of eugenics.
readily combustible substances; has been em- ar'istol [G. aristos, best.] Trade name of dithymol-
ployed in epilepsy and chorea in doses of ^-2 diiodide, thymolis* iodidum (U.S.), a local
gr. (0.03-0.12). a. solu'bile, collargol. argenti antiseptic used in surgical dressings.
sul'phas, silver sulphate a crystalline powder, Aristolochia (ar-is-to-lo'W-ah). A
genus of plants,
soluble in 200 parts of cold, and 70 parts of mostly climbers, some of the species of which
hot water; used as a chemical reagent, a. vi'vum, furnish drugs which have been used more or less
quicksilver, hydrargyrum.* in medicine. A. antihyster'ica, the root possesses
arginase (ar'jin-az). An enzyme of the liver emetic and diaphoretic properties. A. clemati'-
which splits up arginin, forming urea. tis, has been used as an emmenagogue and
arginin (ar'jin-in). Guanidin alpha-amino- vale- oxytocic. A. in'dica, furnishes the drug aristo-
rianic acid, one of the hexone bases, a decom- lochia.* A. serpenta'ria furnishes the drug
position product of protein. serpentaria.*
ar'gol [derivation uncertain.] Crude potassium aristolochia (ar-is-to-lo'kl-ah) [G. aristos, best, +
bitartrate formed in wine-casks. locheia, childbirth, some species having oxytocic
ar'gon [G. argos, idle.] A gaseous element, sym- powers.] (B.A.) The dried stem and root of
bol A, atomic weight 39.6, present in the atmos- Aristolochia indica; employed as a tonic and
phere in the proportion of about i per cent. It stimulant and as a remedy for snakebite the con- ;

is chemically very inert, but a compound with

centrated solution and tincture are used.
 .

ARISTOLOCHIN 77 ARRHENIUS' DOCTRINE

aristolocliin (ar-is-tol'o-kin). A bitter principle, gan'glion, (i) ganglion oticum; (2) a nervous
CjHuO,, derived from serpentaria. ganglion in the intercarotid sympathetic plexus.
aristoquin (ar-is'to-kwin). Aristochin. A.'s lig'ament, passing between the atlas and the
arith'^monia'ma [G. arithmos, number, H- mania, axis. A.'s nerve, ramus auricularis vagi. A.'s
frenzy.] An insane insistence upon incessant oper'culum, see operculum (i). A.'s retic'ular
counting. white sub'stance, substantia reticularis alba.
arkyochrome (ar'ke-o-krome) [G. arkys, a net, + Arnold's test [V. Arnold, Austrian physician, nine-
chroma, color.] Noting a nerve-cell in which the teenth century.] For diacetic acid: mix two
stainable substance, or tigroid mass, of the pro- parts of urine with one part each of a i per cent,
toplasm presents a network appearance. solution of sodium nitrite and ci i per cent,
arkyostichochrome (ar"ke-o-stik'o-krome) [G. arkys, solution of para-amidoacetphenone containing
net, + stichos, row, -I- chroma, color.] Noting a a few drops of strong aqua ammoniae; the
nerve-cell in which the tigroid, or stainable urine is colored brownish red; j part of this is
material is arranged partly as a network, partly added to 10 parts of hydrochloric acid when
in the form of parallel threads. a purple color is produced if diacetic acid is
Arlt's opera'tion [Ferdinand Ritter von Arlt, present.
Viennese oculist, 1812-1887.] Transplantation arnotfa, amott'o. Annatto, annotto, a yellow
of the eyelashes back from the edge of the lid in coloring matter obtained from the seeds of Bixa
trichiasis. A.'s si'nus, an inconstant depression orellana, a tree of tropical America.
on the internal surface of the lacrjrmal sac. A.'s Arnstadt, Germany (arn'staht). Muriated-saline
tracho'ma, granular conjunctivitis. waters. Used by drinking and bathing in
arm [L. annus, fore-quarter of an animal; G. armos, tuberculous and cutaneous affections, rickets, apd
. a joint, a peg.] The upper extremity; specifically diseases of women. April to October.
the segment of the upper extremity between the Aroid'eae. Aracea2.
shoulder and the elbow, the upper arm. aro'ma [G. aroma, a spice.] An odor, especially an
agreeable odor, arising from condiments and
abnormally large, macrobrachia. abnormally small, spices.
microbrachia. absence, abrachia. amputation, aromat'ic. i. Having an agreeable, somewhat
brachiotomy. bonte of, humerus, crooked, brachio-
One of a group of
cyllosis, brachicyrtosis. forearm, antebrachium, anti- pungent, spicy odor. 2.

brachium, cubitus. vegetable drugs having a fragrant odor and

slightly stimulant properties. a. com'pound,
armamenta'rium [L. armafnenium, an implement.] closed-chain* compound, a. elix'ir, a._ fluid-
In medicine, all the means (drugs, instriiments, ex'tract, pow'deY, etc., see the nouns, a-
a.
etc.) at the disposal of the physician or of the se'ries, all the closed-chain compounds derived
surgeon to fit him for the practice of his pro- from benzene, distinguished from those of the
fession. fatty series derived from methane.
arma'rium [L. armarium, bookcase.] Armamen- aro'matize. To render aromatic; to treat with
tarium, especially the literary part,, or the aromatics in order to disguise the taste or
physician's library. smell.
ar'mature. 1. A bar of soft iron which is kept aro'min. A substance derived from urine, con-
across the ends of a horseshoe magnet, when the taining members of the aromatic series of benzene
latter is not in use. 2. Apparatus (3). derivatives.
armilla (ar-mi 'ah) [L. a bracelet.] The annular Ar'onson's se'rum [Hans Aronson, German bacteri-
ligament of the wrist. ologist, 1865-1919.] An antistreptococcus
armora'cia. Horseradish, armora'ciae ra'dix (Br,), serum prepared by injecting into horses a
horseradish, the fresh root of Roripa armoracia, streptococcus culture the virulence of which has
Cochlearia armoracia, an herb of eastern Europe been increased by passage through animals.
now naturalized everywhere; employed as a arrachement (S-rash-mon') [Fr. tearing out.] Pull-
condiment, for the relief of flatulence, and in the ing out the capsule, in membranous cataract, by
prevention and treatment of scurvy. means of a capsule-forceps inserted through a
ann'pit. Axilla, maschale, axillary fossa. corneal incision.
Arneth's classifica'tion (ar'nat) [Joseph Arneth, arrectores pilorum (S-rek-to'rez pi-lo'rum) [L. pi.
German physician, *i873.] A
classification of of arrec'tor pi'li, erector of the hair.] Unstriped
the multinuclear neutrophiles according to muscular fibers in the skin inserted into the bases
the number of their nuclear lobes, from i to 5. of the hair-follicles, contraction of which, under
A.'s phagocyt'ic in'dex, the proportionate the stimulus of cold or of fright, causes the hairs
number per cubic millimeter of multinuclear to stand erect, at the same time pulling them
neutrophiles with nuclei of three or more lobes, outward so as to raise the skin at their base into
which Arneth assumes to possess the greatest papillas the condition so produced is called goose
;

phagocytic power. flesh or cutis anserina.

ar'nica (U.S.), ar'nicae flo'res (B.A.). The dried arrest' [L. arrestare, to restrain.] i. To stop,
flower heads of Arnica montana, leopard's bane, check, restrain, -s. A stoppage; an interference
wolf's bane, mountain tobacco; a cardiac seda- with or a checking of the regular course of a.
tive, but seldom given internally; employed disease or symptom or the performance of a
externally as an application to sprains and function
bruises. The official preparation is the tincture; ar'rhenal [G. arrhenikon, arsenic] Sodii* methyl-
dose, n!jio-3o (0.6-2.0). arsenas, arsenyl.
Ar'nold's bod'ies [Julius Arnold, German patholo- arrhen'ic. Relating to arsenic, a. medica'tion,
gist,1835-1915.] Fragments of erythrocytes treatment of disease by means of the organic
sometimes mistaken for blood-plates. preparations of arsenic, the cacodylates and
Ar'nold's canal' [Friedrich Arnold, German anatom- methylarsinates
ist, 1803-1890.] A bony canal in the petrous Arrhenius' doctrine (ah-ra'ne-oos) [Svante August
portion of the temporal bone through which Arrhenius, Swedish chemist, *i859.] The doc-
passes the small superficial petrosal nerve. A.'s trine of ionization, or electrolytic dissociation;
ARRHENIUS' DOCTRINE 78 ARSPHENAMINE

in an electrically conductive solution free ions ar'senic-fast. Resistant to the poisonous action
are present before electrolysis, and the propor- of arsenic;noting especially spirochetes and
tion of molecules dissociated into ions can be other protozoan parasites, which acquire an im-
calculated from measurements of electrical munity after the repeated administration of the
conductivity as well as of osmotic pressure. drug.
A.'s law, only those solutions are electrically aisen'ical. Relating to or containing any of the
conductive which have high osmotic ^pressures. salts of arsenum.
arrhen'oplasm [G. arrhen, male, H- plasma, some- arsenlcalism. Arseniasis.
thing made or formed.] The male element of arsenicoph'agy [G. arsenikon, arsenic, -f phago, I
idioplasm. eat.] The habitual taking of arsenic (arseni
arrhenotoky arrhen, male, +
(g,-ren-ot'o-ki) [G. trioxidum), arsenic-eating.
tokos, birth.] A form
parthenogenesis in
of arsen'icum [G. arsenikon.] Arsenum.
which the virgin female gives birth to males ar'senide. Arseniuret, a compound of arsenic with
only, as in the case of the queen bee. a metal.
arrhinencephalia (ar-in-en-se-fa'le-ah) [G. o- priv. arsenionization (ar"sen-i"on-i-za'shun). Electro-
+ rhis(rhin-), nose, -I- enkephalos, brain.] An lytic diffusion of arsenic ions in the tissues.
absence or rudimentary state of the rhinen- arsenious (ar-se'ni(-us). Arsenous.
cephalon, or olfactory lobe, on one or both sides, ar'senite. A salt of arsenous acid (arseni tri-

with a corresponding lack of development of the oxidum).

external olfactory organs. arse'nium. Airsenic, arsenum.* arse'nii' io'didum
arrhin'ia [G. a- priv. -t- rhis{rhin-), nose.] Absence (Br.), arseni iodidum (U.S.).
of the nose. arseniuret (ar-se'nyu-ret). Arsenide.
arrhythmia (a-ridh'ml-ah) [G. a- priv. +
rhylhmos, arseniureted (ar-se'nyu-ret-ed). Combined with
rhythm.] Irregularity, loss of rhythm; noting arsenic so as to form an arsenide, a. hy'drogen,
especially an irregularity of the heart beats, arsine, a poisonous gas of fetid odor, AsHj.
either in the rapidity or in the force of the pulsa- arsenobenzol (ar-sen-o-ben'zol). AFrench make
tions, si'nus a., any irregularity in the heart of salvarsan.
beat due to interference with the impulses origi-- arsenobillon (ar-sen-o-be'yofi) . A
special make
Dating at the sinoauricular node. of salvarsan, used in Great Britain.
airhyth'mical. Marked by arrhythmia. arsenoblast (ar'se-no-blast) [G. arsen, male, +•
Ar'rmgton Mineral Springs, Kansas. Alkaline- blastos, germ.] The male element in the nucleus
chalybeate-carbonated waters, 56° F. Three of an impregnated ovum, or geno blast; masculo-
springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheu- nucleus.
matism, hepatic and renal disorders, dyspepsia, arsenoph'agy. Arsenicophagy.
constipation, general debility, and hemorrhoids. ar"senosty'racol. Trade name of a preparation in
airosion (4-ro'zhun) [L. arrodere, to gnaw at.] tablet form of guaiacol cinnamic ester and arsenic,
Erosion. recommended in tuberculosis in doses of i or 2
ar'row. An arrow-shaped instrument. A
slender, tablets three times a day.
sharp-pointed rod of silver nitrate or other ar'senotrifer'rin. Trade name of a tasteless, insolu-
caustic adapted for insertion into a tumor. ble, orange-colored powder said to contain arsenic,
Arrow-head Hot Springs, California. Sulphated- phosphorus, and iron in organic combination,
saline waters; thirty-seven springs. Used by employed as a hematinic in doses of gr. 5 (0.3)
drinking and bathing in rheumatism, neuralgia, three times a day.
and syphilis. ar'senotrifer'rol. Trade name of an elixir of arseno-
ar'rowroot. The rhizome of Maranta arundinacea, triferrin, given in doses of 54 (15.0) three times
a plant of tropical America; the source of a form a day.
of starch formerly much used in the diet of ar'senous. Relating to the metal arsenic or one of
children and invalids. its compoimds, noting especially a compound of
ar'row -wood. Euonymus. arsenum in a low valency, a. acid, acidum
arsacetin (ar-sas'e-tin). An acetyl derivative of arseniosum, arseni* trioxidum, AsjO,.
atoxyl, employed in the treatment of syphilis, in arse'num [G arsenikon, from arsen, strong.] The
doses of gr. 10 (0.6) by hypodermic injection element arsenic, a steel-gray metal, symbol As,
every other day. atomic weight 75, which forms a number of poi-
ar'samine. Atoxyl. sonous compounds, some of which are used in
ar'senate. A salt of arsenic acid. medicine, arse'ni io'didmn (U.S.), arsenii iodi-
arsenauro (ar"sen-aw'ro). Trade name of a prepa- dum (Br.), arsenous iodide, Asl,; orange-colored ,

ration of the bromides of arsenic and gold scales or masses; employed as an alterative
employed in the treatment of syphilis. in doses of gr. -jV-tV (0.002-0.006). arse'ni
arsenhe'mol. A brownish powder, a compound of triox'idum (U.S.), acidum arseniosum (Br.),
hemol and arsenic, employed as an alterative in arsenious acid, arsenous acid, arsenic, white
skin diseases and as a nerve-tonic in doses of gr. arsenic, AsjOj; occurs in heavy lumps or white
1—2 (o 06—0. 12).
.
powder; employed as a tonic and in skin diseases
arse'ni. Genitive of arsenum.'^ and malaria in doses of gr.
arsexii'asis. Chronic arsenical poisoning.
jV^
(0.0015-
0.003); externally as a caustic.
ar'senic. Arsenicum, arsenium, arsenum*; a
1. arsic'odile. Arsycodile.
steel-gray metal, one of the elements, symbol As, arsine (ar'sen). Arseniureted* hydrogen; it was
atomic weight 75. .1. Arseni trioxidum, white employed as a poisonous (hemolytic) gas by
arsenic. the Germans in the world war.
arsen'ic. Relating to the element arsenic, or one arsen'ic acid. A derivative of arsenic acid by
of its compounds; noting especially arsenic acid, replacement of the hydroxy! group by an organic
H,AsO(-l- i HjO, which forms arsenates with radical see alphyl and aryl.
;

certain bases; not to be confused with what is arso'nium. A hypothetical univalent radical, ASH4.
ordinarily called arsenic, which is arsenous acid, arsonvaliza'tion. Darsonvalization
arseni trioxidum. arsphenamine (ar-sfen-am'en) [arsenic + phenol +
 , ,,

ARSPHENAMINE 79 ARTERIA

amine. ] Name under which salvarsan (di- of the pons, and' bifurcates into the two cerebri poste-
oxydiaminoarsenobenzol) is manufactured and riores.

sold under license of the Federal Trade Com- a. brachia'lis [BNA], origin, is a continuation of the
mission in the United States. axillaris; branches,profunda brachii (superior profun-
da) coUateralis ulnaris superior (inferior profunda)
arsyc'odile. Trade name of a compound contain- ,

coUateralis ulnaris inferior (anastomotica magna),

ing sodium cacodylate, employed in neurasthenia, muscular and nutrient branches; bifurcates at the
diabetes, malaria, and various skin diseases. elbow into radialis and ulnaris.
ar'tarine. An alkaloid, C21H23NO4,
artar- from a. bronchia'lis, one of three nutrient arteries of the
root, Xanihoxylum senegalense; said to be it is lungs, two on the left and one on the right side, aris-
similar to veratrine in its action as a, cardiac ing from the descending thoracic aorta.
stimulant. a. bucca'lis, a. buccinatoria [BNA].
ar'tefact. Artifact. a.buccinato'ria [BNA], buccal; origin, maxillaris
Artemfe'ia. A
genus of plants of the natural order interna; distribution, buccinator muscle, skin and
mucous membrane of cheek; anastomoses, buccal
Composite^, foimd chiefly in Europe, Asia, and
branch of maxillaris externa.
North America. A. abrot'anum, southernwood, a
a. bul'bi ure'thrae [BNA], origin, a. penis; distribu^
European cultivated plant, the leaves and tops of tion, bulb of urethra and corpus cavernosum urethrse.
which have been used in medicine under the name a. bul'bi vestib'uli [BNA], origin, a. clitoridis; dis-
of abroianum. tribution, vestibular bulb.
arte'ria, gen. and pi. arte'ritB [L. from G. arteria, a. calcari'na, a continuation of the posterior cerebral
air-conveyer, windpipe the arteries were for-
; artery along the calcarlne fissure.
merly supposed to be air-tubes.] Artery. a. cana'lis pterygoid'e- [BNA], Vidian artery; origin,
maxillaris interna or palatina descendens distribution ;

a. acetab'uli [BNA], origin, a. obturatoria; distribu- upper part of pharynx. Eustachian tube, levator and
tion, ligamentum teres and head of femur. tensor palati muscles; anastomoses, through tympanic
a. acromiothorac'ica, a. thoracoacromialis [BNA]. branch with other tympanic iirteries.
a. alveola'ris infe'rior [BNA], inferior alveolar, a. capsula'ris me'dia, a. suprarenalis media [BNA].
inferior dental; origin, maxillaris interna; distribution, a. caro'tis commu'ms [BNA], common carotid;
through various branches to buccal mucous membrane from innominate, left from arch of aorta;
origin, right
floor of mouth, teeth of lower jaw; anastomoses, sub- runs upward in the neck and divides opposite upper
mental and inferior coronary branches of mUxiUaris border of thyroid cartilage into terminal branches,
externa and labialis inferior. external and internal carotid.
a. alveola'ris supe'rior ante'rior [BNA], anterior a. caro'tis exter'na [BNA], external carotid; origin,
superior dental; one of several branches of the infra- common carotid; branches, superior thyroid, lingual,
orbitalis supplying incisor and canine teeth of upper facial, occipital, posterior, auricular, ascending pharyn-
jaw. geal, and terminal branches, internal maxillary and
a. alveola'ris supe'rior poste'rior [BNA], posterior supsrficial temporal.
dental; origin, maxillaris interna; distribution, molar a. caro'tis inter'na [BNA], internal carotid; arises
and bicuspid teeth of upper jaw and mucous mem- from the carotis communis opposite upper border of
brane of antrum. thyroid cartilage, and terminates in the middle fossa
a. anastomof ica magna, (i) a. coUateralis ulnaris of the skull, dividing into the middle and anterior
inferior [BNA]; (2) a. genu suprema [BNA]. cerebral arteries; branches, ophthalmica, communicans
a. angula'ris [BNA], one of the terminal branches of posterior, cerebri anterior, and cerebri media, and
the a. maxillaris externa (facial); distribution, muscles tympanic, cavernous, Gasserian, pituitary, and
and skin of side of nose; anastomoses, lateral nasal, meningeal rami,
and dorsalis nasi and palpebrales from the ophthalmic. a. centra'lis ret'inse [BNA], origin, ophthalmica;
a. anon'yma [BNA], innominate artery; origin, con- distribution, the retina.
vexity of the arch of the aorta; terminal branches, a. cerebel'li infe'rior ante'rior [BNA], origin, basil-
right subclavian and right common carotid occa- ; aris; distribution, lower surface of lateral lobes of
sionally just above its origin it gives off the thyreoidea cerebellum; anastomoses, cerebelli inferior posterior.
ima. a. cerebel'li infe'rior poste'rior [BNA], origin,
a. appendicula'ris [BNA], origin, ileocolica or mesen- vertebralis; distribution, medulla, choroid plexus, and
terica superior; distribution, vermiform appendix. cerebellum; anastomoses, cerebelli superior and cere-
a. arcua'ta [BNA], a. metatarsalis; origin, dorsalis belli inferior anterior.
pedis; branches, metatarseae dorsales and digitales a. cerebel'li supe'rior [BNA], superior cerebellar;
dorsales. origin, basilaris; distribution, upper surface of cere-
a. articula'ris az'ygos, a. genu media [BNA]. bellum, vermiform process, and valve of Vieussens;
a. articula'ris exter'na infe'rior, a. genu inferior anastomoses, cerebelli inferior posterior.
lateralis [BNA]. a. cer'ebri ante'rior [BNA], one of the two terminal
a. articula'rk exter'na supe'rior, a. genu superior branches of the carotis interna; branches, com.Tnu.mcans
lateralis [BNA], anterior, and various ganglionic and cortical rami;
a. articula'ris inter'na infe'rior, «,. genu inferior distribution, corpus callosum, lamina cinerea, septum
medialis[BNA], 1 ucidum, gyrus rectus, olfactory lobe, marginal, supe-

a. articula'ris inter'na supe'rior, e±. genu superior rior, middle, and ascending frontal and parietal convolu-
medialis [BNA]. tions, quadrate lobe, and superior parietal lobule.
a. auditi'va inter'na [BNA], internal auditory; a. cer'ebrime'dia [BNA], a. fos'sae Syl'vii; one of the
origin, basilaris; distribution, internal ear. terminal branches of carotis interna; distribution,
a. auricula'ris poste'rior [BNA], origin, external central and cortical portions of the brain.
carotid; branches, muscular, parotid, auricular, and a. cer'ebri poste'rior [BNA], posterior cerebral,
occipital rami, and stylomastoid artery. formed by the bifurcation of the basilaris; distribution,
a. auricula'ris profun'da [BNA], origin, maxillaris central and cortical portion of brain anastomosis, ;

i nterna distribution,
; articulation of jaw, parotid enters into formation of circle of Willis.
gland, and external auditory meatus; anastomoses, a. cervica'Iis ascen'dens [BNA], origin, thyreoidea
branches of temporalis superficialis and auricularis inferior, sometimes independently from the truncus
posterior. thyreocervicalis; distribution, muscles of neck and
a. axilla'ris [BNA], the continuation of the sub- spinal cord; anastomoses, branches of verticalis, occipi-
clavian in the axilla, and becoming the brachial in the talis, pharyngea ascendens, and cervicalis profunda.
arm; branches, thoracalis suprema, thoracoacromialis, a. cervica'Iis profun'da [BNA], deep cervical; origin,
thoracalis lateralis, subscapularis, circumflexa humeri, superior intercostal, or truncus costocervicalis ; dis-
posterior and anterior, tribution, posterior deep muscles of neck; anastomoses,
a. az'ygos articula'ris, a. genu media [BNA]. branches of princeps cervicis, cervicalis ascendens, and
a. basila'ris [BNA], formed by union of the two vertebralis.
vertebrates, runs from the lower to the upper border a. cervica'Iis superflcia'lis [BNA], origin, transversa
ARTERIA 80 ARTERIA

joint; anastomoses, recurrens ulnaris posterior and

colli; distribution, posterior muscles ^of neck; anasto-
moses, princeps cervicis, transversa scapulae. collateralis ulnaris inferior.
a. co'mes ner'vi ischiat'ici, a., comitans nervi ischj-
a. chorioid'ea [BNA], anterior choroidal; origin,
carotis interna; distribution, optic tract, cms cerebri, adici [BNA].
uncinate convolution, and posterior part of internal a. co'
capsule, terminating in choroidal plexus in descending [BNA].
comu of lateral ventricle. a. com'itans ner'vi ischiad'ici [BNA], a. comes
a. ante'rior fBNA], one of a number of
cilia'ris nervi ischiatici; origin, gluteea inferior; distribution,
sciatic nerve; anastomoses, branches of profunda
branches of the lacrimalis which preforate the sclera
and anastomose with the ciliares posteriores. femoris.
poste'rior bre'vis IBNA], one of several a. commu'nicans ante'rior [BNA], a short vessel
a. cilia'ris
joining the two anterior cerebral arteries and complet-
ciliary branches of the ophthalmica distributed to the
choroid coat of the eye. ing the circle of Willis anteriorly.
N
A], one of two a. commu'nicans poste'rior [BNA], origin, carotis
a. cilia'ris poste'rior lon'ga IB
branches of the ophthalmica running forward between interna; distribution, optic tract, crus cerebri, inter-
the sclerotic and choroid coats to the iris, at the outer peduncular region, and uncinate convolution; anas-
and inner margins of which they form by anastomosis tomoses, with cerebri posterior to form circle of Willis.
a. conjunctiva'lis, one of a number of minute
two circles.
a. circumflex'a fem'oris latera'lis [BNA], circum-
arteries derived from muscular branches of the oph-
flexa femoris externa, lateral (external) circumflex thalmica.
artery of the thigh; origin, profunda femoris; distribu- [BNA] one of two arteries {dexlra
a. corona'ria, (i)

tion, hip- joint, thigh muscles; anastomoses, circumilexa and supplying the walls of the heart; they
sinistra)
femoris medialis, glutaea inferior, glutsea superior, arise from the sinuses of Valsalva; (2) a. gastrica
poplitea. sinistra [BNA]; (3) a. labialis superior fBNA].
a. circumflex'a fem'oris media'lis [BNA], circum- a. corona' ria supe'rior, a. labialis superior [BNA].
flexa femoris interna, medial (internal) circumflex ar- a. cremaster'ica, a. spermatica externa [BNA].
tery of the thigh; origin, profunda femoris; distribu- a. crico thyreoid' ea, cricothyroid artery, a small
tion, hip-joint, muscles of thigh; anastomoses, glut^a in- branch of the a. thyreoidea superior crossing the

ferior, glutsea superior, circumflexa femoralis lateralis. cricothyroid membrane.

a. circumflex'a hu'meri ante'rior [BNA], origin, a. cys'tica [BNA], origin, right ramus of hepatica;
axillaris; distribution, shoulder- joint and biceps muscle; distribution, gall-bladder and under surface of the liver.
anastomoses, circumflexa humeri posterior. a. deferentia'lis [BNA], origin, anterior division of
a. circumfiex'a hu'meri poste'rior [BNA], origin, hypogastrica, or sometimes vesicalis superior; distribu-
axillaris; distribution, muscles and structures of tion, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, testicle; anas-
shoulder- joint; anastomoses, circumflexa humeri ante- tomoses, spermatica, cremasteric branch of epigastrica
rior, transversa scapulae, thoracoacromialis, and pro- inferior.
funda brachii. a. denta'lis infe'rior, a. alveolaris inferior [BNA].
a. circumflex'a il'ium profun'da [BNA], deep circum- a. denta'lis poste'rior, a. alveolaris superior poster-
flex iliac artery; origin, iliaca externa; distribution, ior [BNA].
muscles and skin of lower abdomen, sartorius and a. denta'lis supe'rior ante'rior, a,, alveolaris superior
tensor fasciae femoris; anastomoses; lumbalis, epi- anterior [BNA].
gastrica, gluteea, iliolumbalis, and circumflexa ilium a. digita'lis dorsa'lis [BNA], one of the collateral
superficialis. digital branches of the metatarseae dorsales in the foot,
a. circumflex'a il'ium superficia'Iis [BNA], super- and of the metacarpese dorsales in the hand.
ficial circumflex ihac artery; origin, femoralis; distribu- a. digita'lis palma'ris, a. digitalis volaris [BNA].
tion, outer inguinal glands and integument of that a. digita'lis planta'ris, one of the collateral digital
region; sartorius, and tensor fascise femoris muscles; branches of the metatarseae plantares.
anastomoses, circumflexa ilium profunda. a. digita'lis vola'ris commu'cis [BNA], palmar
a. circumflex'a scap'ulse [BNA], dorsalis scapulae, d'gital artery, one of four arteries arising from the
origin, subscapularis; distribution, muscles of shoulder superficial palmar arch and running to the inter-
and scapular region; anastomoses, branches of trans- digital clefts where each divides into two digitales
versa scapxilsB and transversa colli. volares proprise.
a. cUtor'idis [BNA], origin, pudenda interna; dis- a. digita'lis vola'ris pro'pria [BNA], volar digital
tribution, clitoris, dividing into profunda and dorsalis artery proper, collateral digital; one of eight arteries
clitoridis. derived from the digitales volares communes, which
a. coeli'aca [BNA], celiac artery, celiac axis; origin, run along the sides of the volar surfaces of the
abdominal aorta just below diaphragm; branches, fingers.
gastrica sinistra, hepatica, lienalis. a. dorsa'lis cUtor'idis [BNA], dorsal artery of the
a. col'ica dex'tra [BNA], right colic; origin, mesen- clitoris, derived from the a. clitoridis, supplying the
terica superior, sometimes by a common trunk with glans.
the ileocoUca; distribution, ascending colon; anasto- a. dorsa'lis na'si [BNA], origin, ophthalmica; dis-
moses, colica media, ileocolica. tribution, skin of side of nose; anastomoses, angularis.
a. col'ica me'dia [BNA], middle colic; origin, mesen- a. dorsa'lis pe'dis [BNA], -dorsal artery of the foot;
terica superior; distribution, transverse colon; anasto- a continuation of the tibialis anterior; branches, tarsea
moses, colica dextra and sinistra. 1 ateralis arcuata,
, metatarsese dorsales, digitales
a. col'ica sinis'tra [BNA], left colic; origin, mesen- dorsales; anastomoses with the plantaris lateralis to
terica inferior; distribution, descending colon and form the plantar arch.
splenic flexure; anastomoses, colica media, sigmoidea. a. dorsa'Us pe'nis [BNA], dorsal artery of the penis;
a. collatera'lis digita'lis* a. digitalis volaris propria origin, a. penis; distribution, sldn, glans penis, and
[BNA]. corpora cavernosa.
a. collatera'lis me'dia [BNA], the posterior terminal a. dorsa'lis scap'ulee, a. circumflexa scapulae [BNA].
branch profunda brachii, anastomosing with
of the a. epigas'trica infe'rior [BNA], a. epigastrica pro-
the arteries which form the rete articulare cubiti. funda; origin, iliaca externa; branches, spermatica
a. collatera'lis radia'lis [BNA], articular branch of externa (ligamenti teretis uteri), and muscular,
superior profunda, the anterior terminal branch of the cutaneous, and pubic rami; distribution of terminal
profunda brachii, anastomosing with the recurrens branches, abdominal muscles; anastomoses, epigas-
radialis. trica superior.
a. collatera'lis ulna'ris infe'rior [BNA], anasto- a. epigas'trica profun'da, a. epigastrica inferior
motica magna origin brachialis distribution arm
; , ; , [BNA].
muscles at back of elbow; anastomoses, ulnaris recur- a. epigas'trica superficia'Iis [BNA], origin, femoralis;
rens anterior et posterior, collateralis ulnaris superior, distribution, inguinal glands and integument of lower
profunda brachii, and interossea recurrens. abdomen; anastomoses, epigastrica inferior, circum-
a. collatera'lis ulna'ris supe'rior [BNA], a. profunda flexa ilium superficialis, and pudenda externa super-
brachii inferior; origin, brachialis; distribution, elbow- ficialis.
 . ;

ARTERIA 8i ARTERIA

a. epigas'trica supe'rior [BNA], origin, the inner a. glutse'a supe'rior [BNA], gluteal; origin, posterior
terminal branch of mamniaria interna; distribution, division of hypogastrica; distribution, gluteal region;
abdominal muscles and integument, falciform ligament; anastomoses, sacralis lateralis, glutaea inferior, pudenda
anastomoses, epigastrica inferior and hepatica. interna, circumflexa ilium profunda, circumflexa
a. episclera'lis fBNA], one of numerous twigs from femoris lateralis.
the muscular branches of the ophthalmica, passing to a. hsemorrhoida'lis infe'rior [BNA], origin, pudenda
the conjunctiva. interna; distribution, rectum; anastomoses, hsemor-
a. ethmoida'lis ante'rior [BNA], origin, ophthalmica; rhoidalis media and superior, and a. perinei.
distribution, cerebral membranes in anterior cranial a. hEemorrhoida'lis me'dia [BNA], anterior division
fossa, anterior ethmoidal cells, frontal sinus, anterior of hypogastrica; distribution, rectum; anastomoses,
upper part of nasal mucous membrane, skin of dorsum haemorrhoidalis superior and inferior.
nasi. a. hsemorrhoida'lis supe'rior [BNA], origin, mesen-

a. ethmoida'lis poste'rior [BNA], origin, ophthal-

terica inferior; distribution, sigmoid flexure and rectum;
mica; distribution, posterior ethmoidal cells and upper anastomoses, branches of sacralis media, sigmoidea,
posterior part of outer wall of nasal cavity. heemorrhoidalis media, pudenda interna.
a. helici'nse pe'nis [BNA], the smaller branches of
a. facia''li5, a. maxillaris externa [BNA].
a. dorsalis penis.
a. femora'lis [BNA], origin, continuation of iliaca
a. hepat'ica [BNA], origin, coeliacr branches, gastrica
;
externa, beginning at Poupart's ligament; branches,
pudenda externa superficialis, epigastrica superficialis, dextra (pyloric), gastroduodenalis, and right and left
circumflexa ilium superficialis, pudenda externa pro- terminal rami.
a. hepat'ica pro'pria [BNA], the continuation of the
funda, profunda femoris, genu suprema, terminating
in the poplitea at the upper part of the popliteal space. hepatica after giving off the gastrica dextra and
gastroduodenalis.
a. fos'Sffi Syl'vii, a. cerebri media [BNA].
a. hyaloid'ea [BNA], a branch of the a. centralis
a. fronta'lis [BNA], origin, ophthalmica; distribu-
retinas which runs through the hyaloid canal of the
tion, anterior portion of scalp; anastomoses, branches
vitreous body in the fetus; it disappears in the last
of supraorbitalis.
a. gas'trica bre'vis [BNA]. one of four or five small
month of intrauterine life.
a. hypogas'trica [BNA],
a. iliaca interna; origin,
arteries (vasa brevia) given off from the lienalis, pass-
ing to the greater curvature of the stomach, and
iliaca communis; branches, iliolumbahs, sacralis
lateralis, obturatoria, glutaea superior, glutasa inferior,
anastomosing with the other arteries in that region.
umbilicalis, vesicales superiores, vesicalis inferior,
a. gas'trica dex'tra [BNA], a. pylorica; origin-
hiemoi rhoidalis media the artery itself usually
;
hepatica; distribution, pyloric end of stomach; anasto-
divides into an anterior and a posterior division, the
moses, gastrica sinistra.
anterior terminating in the pudenda interna, the pos-
a. gas'trica sinis'tra [BNA], coronary; origin,
terior in the glutsea superior.
cceliaca; distribution, lesser curvature of stomach;
a. il'ea, origin, mesenterica superior; distribution,
anastomoses, oesophagea, gastroepiploica, gastrica
ileum; anastomoses, other branches of superior mes-
dextra.
enteric.
a. gastroduodena'lis [BNA], origin, hepatica; termi-
a. ileocol'ica [B NA], origin, mesenterica superior;
nal branches, gastroepiploica dextra, pancreaticoduo-
usually by a, common trunk with the colica dextra,
denalis superior.
distribution, ascending colon; anastomoses, colica
a. gastroepiplo'ica dex'tra [BNA], origin, gastro-
dextra.
duodenalis; distribution, greater curvature and walls
a. ili'aca commu'nis [BNA], one of the two terminal
of stomach; anastomoses, unites with gastroepiploica
branches of the abdominal aorta; opposite the lum-
sinistra and branches from this arch anastomose with
bosacral articulation, it becomes the hypogastrica
branches of gastrica dextra and sinistra 'and of the
(internal iliac) and also gives off the iliaca externa.
colic arteries.
a. ili'aca exter'na [BNA], origin, iliaca communis;
a. gastroepiplo'ica sinis'tra [BNA], left gastro-
branches, epigastrica inferior, circumflexa ilium pro-
epiploic; origin, lienalis; distribution, greater curvature
funda; becomes the femoralis at Poupart's ligament.
of stomach joining gastroepiploica dextra, which see
a. ili'aca inter'na, a. hypogastrica [BNA].
for anastomoses.
a. iliolumba'lis [BNA], iliolumbar; origin, posterior
a. ge'nu infe'rior latera'lis [BNA], lateral inferior
division of hypogastrica; distribution, pelvic muscles
artery of the knee, inferior external articular artery;
and bones; anastomoses, circumflexa ilium profunda,
origin, poplitea; distribution, knee-joint; anastomoses,
obturatoria, lumbalis.
genu superior lateralis and recurrens tibialis anterior
a. infra or bita'Iis [BNA], origin, maxillaris interna;
(and posterior)
distribution, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles,
a. ge'nu infe'rior media'lis [BNA], medial inferior
lacrymal gland, lower eyelid, lacrymal sac, and upper
artery of the knee, inferior internal articular artery;
lip; anastomoses, branches of ophthalmica, maxillaris
origin, poplitea; distribution, knee-joint; anastomoses,
externa, labialis superior, transversa faciei, and
recurrens tibialis anterior (and posterior) and genu
buccinatoria.
superior medialis.
a. innomina'ta, anonyma [BNA].
a.
a. ge'nu me'dia [BNA], middle artery of the knee,
[BNA], one of nine pairs of arteries
a. intercosta'lis
azygos articular artery; origin, poplitea; distribution,
arising from the thoracic aorta and distributed to the
synovial membrane and crucial ligaments of knee-
nine lower intercostal spaces, spinal column, spinal
joint.
cord, and muscles and integument of the back; they
a. ge'nu supe'rior latera'lis [BNA], lateral superior
anastomose with branches of the musculophrenica,
artery t>f the knee, superior external articular artery
mammaria interna, epigastrica superior, subcostalis,
origin, poplitea; distribution, knee-joint; anastomoses,
and lumbalis.
circumflexa femoris lateralis, perforans tertia, recur-
a. intercosta'lis ante'rior, one of twelve rami inter-
rens tibialis anterior, genu inferior lateralis. ' costales[BNA]; origiw, mammaria interna; distribution,
a. ge'nu supe'rior media'lis [BNA], medial superior
intercostal muscles of upper six intercostal spaces;
artery of the knee, superior internal articular arte,ry;
anastomoses, aortic and superior intercostal branches.
origin, poplitea; distribution, knee-joint; anastomoses,
a. intercosta'lis supe'rior, (i) truncus* costocervicalis
genu suprema, genu superior lateralis.
[BNA]; (2) a. intercostalis suprema [BNA].
a. ge'nu supre'ma [BNA], uppermost or highest
artery of the knee, anastomotica magna; origin, a. intercosta'lis supre'ma [ BNA] , superior inter-

femoral; distribution, knee-joint and adjacent parts; costal; origin, truncus costocervicalis; distribution,

anastomoses, genu superior medialis, genu inferior structures of first and second intercostal spaces;
medialis, genu superior lateralis, circumflexa femoris
anastomoses, anterior intercostal branches of mam-
lateralis, and recurrens tibialis anterior.
maria interna.
a. ?lut2e'a infe'rior [BNA], ischiatica, sciatic; ort'gtM, arte'rise interloba'res ren'is [BNA], the larger
anterior division of hypogastrica; distribution, hip-joint branches of the a. renalis which occupy the intervals
and gluteal region; awarfomosey, branches of pudenda between the pyramids and divide to form a series of
interna, sacralis lateralis, glutasa superior obturatoria, incomplete arches, arteriee arciformes, across the bases
circumflexa femoris medialis and lateralis. of the pyramids.
 ;

ARTERIA 82 ARTERIA

arte'iise interlobula'res ren'is [BNA], a number of posterior, lateral posterior malleolar, posterior pero-
small arteries passing outward from the arches of the neal; one of the terminal branches of the peronsa;
interlobar arteries through the labyrinth and giving distribution, outer side of ankle; anastomoses, malleo-
off branches to the glomeruli. laris anterior lateralis.
a. malleola'ris poste'rior media'lis [BNA], a small
a. interos'sea ante'rior, a. interossea voiaris [BNA].
commu'nis [BNA], common interos- branch of the posterior tibial distributed to the internal
a. interos'sea
surface of the inner malleolus.
seous; origin, ulnaris; branches, interossea voiaris and
dorsalis. a. mamma'ria exter'na, a. thoracalis lateralis [B NA],
a. mamma'ria inter'na [BNA], internal mammary;
a. interos'sea dorsa'Iis, (i) [BNA] posterior^ inter-
origin, subclavian; branches, pericardiacophrenica,
osseous; origin, interossea communis; distribution,
mediastinals anteriores, pericardial, muscular, and
deep parts of back of forearm; anastomoses,, in-
perforating rami, and bifurcates into the musculo-
terossea voiaris; (2) a. metacarpea dorsalis [BNA].
palma'ris, metacarpea voiaris phrenica and epigastrica superior.
a. interos'sea a.
[BNA]. a. masseter'ica [BNA], origin, maxillaris interna;
[BNA]. distribution, deep surface of masseter; anastomoses,
a, interos'sea poste'rior, a. interossea dorsalis
a. interos'sea recur'rens [BNA]^ posterior interos-
branches of transversa faciei and masseteric branches
of maxillaris externa.
seous recurrent branch of ulna,hs', distribution, hack of
elbow-joint; anastomoses, branches of profunda brachii a. maxilla'ris exter'na [BNA], facial artery; origin,
and collateralis ulnaris inferior. external carotid branches, palatina ascendens, tonsillar
;

a. interos'sea vola'ris [BNA], anterior interosseous, and submaxillary rami, submentalis, labialis inferior,

origin, ulnaris; distribution, deep parts of the front labialis superior, masseteric, buccal, and lateral nasal
rami, and angularis.
of the forearm; anastomoses, interossea dorsalis.
a. maxilla'ris inter'na, origin, carotis externa;
a. [BNA], one of numerous branches
intestina'Iis
branches, auricularis profunda, tympanica anterior,
(io~r6) passing from the mesenterica superior to the
jejunum and ileum; anastomoses, with each other to meningea media, alveolaris inferior, masseterica,
form arterial loops in the mesentery and on the wall temporalis profunda anterior et posterior, buccinatoria,
alveolaris superior posterior, infraorbitalis, palatina
of the gut, and with other branches of the superior
mesenterica. descendens, canalis pterygoidei, sphenopalatina, and
accessory meningeal, pterygoid, and pterygopalatine
a. ischiad'ica, a. ischiafica* «.. glutsea inferior
rami.
IBNA].
a. media'na [BNA], a. comes nervi mediani; origin,
a. jejuna'lis[BNA], origin, mesenterica superior;
ulnaris; distribution, accompanies median nerve to
kistribution^ jejunum; anastomoses, intestinales.
palm; anastomoses, branches of superficial palmar arch.
a. labia'lis ante'rior [BNA], termination of the
a. mediastina'lis ante'rior [BNA], origin, one of
pudenda externa profunda. numerous branches of the mammaria interna; distribu-
a. labia'lis infe'rior [BNA], origin, maxillaris ex-
tion, lymphatic nodes in the anterior mediastinum
terna (facial) distribution, structures of lower lip
;
and the sternum.
anastomoses, mental branch of alveolaris inferior
a. meninge'a ante'rior [BNA], oWgj'n, ophthalmica;
(inferior dental), submentaHs, and inferior coronary
distribution, cerebral membranes in middle cranial
,
branch of maxillaris externa.
fossa; anastomoses, branches of meningea media and
a. labia'lis poste'rior [BNA], one of several twigs
meningeal branches of carotis interna and lacrimalis.
derived from the a. perinei, distributed to the labia
majora. a. meninge'a me'dia [BNA], origin, maxillaris in-
a. labia'lis supe'rior [BNA], superior labial, superior terna; branches, petrosal, Gasserian, tympanic, orbital,
coronary; origin, maxillaris externa (facial); distribu- anterior and posterior terminal; distribution, to parts
tion, structures of upper lip and, by a septal branch, mentioned and through terminal branches to anterior
the anterior and lower part of the septum nasi; and posterior cranial fossse; anastomoses, meningeal
anastom^oses, lateral nasal and nasopalatine ramus of branches of occipitalis, pharyngeus ascendens, ophthal-
the sphenopalatine. mica and lacrimalis, stylomastoidea, accessory menin-
a, lacrima'lis [BNA], origin, ophthalmica; distribu- geal ramus of maxillaris interna, and temporalis pro-
tion, lacrymal gland, external and superior recti funda.
muscles, upper eyelid, forehead, and temporal fossa; a. meninge'a poste'rior [BNA], posterior meningeal;
branches, ciliares anteriores. origin,pharyngea ascendens; distribution, dura mater;
a. larynge'a infe'rior [BNA], origin, thyreoidea in- anastomoses, branches of meningea media and verte-
muscles and mucous membrane of
ferior; distribution, bral is.
larynx; anastomoses, laryngeal branch of thyreoidea a. menta'lis [BNA], terminal branch of alveolaris
superior. inferior.
a. larynge'a supe'rior [BNA], superior laryngeal; a. mesenter'ica infe'rior [BNA], origin, aorta;
thyreoidea superior; distribution, muscles and
origin, branches, colica sinistra, sigmoidea, hEemorrhoidalis
mucous membrane of larynx; anastomoses, cricothyroid superior.
ramus of thyroidea superior and terminal rami of a. mesenter'ica supe'rior [BNA], superior mesen-
thyroidea inferior. teric; origin, aorta; branches, intestinales, pancreatico-
a. liena'Iis [BNA], splenic; origin, cceliaca; branches, duodenalis inferior, jejunales, iless, ileocolica, appen-
gastricEB breves, gastroepiploica sinistra, and pan- dicularis, colica dextra, colica media.
creatic rami. a. metacarpe'a dorsa'lis [BNA], dorsal interosseous,
a. lingua'lis [BNA], origin, external carotid, runs one of three branches of the medialis, running in
along under surface of tongue, terminates as ranine the back of the 2d, 3d, and 4th interosseous muscles.
artery, a. profunda linguae; branches^ suprahyoid and a. metacarpe'a vola'ris [BNA], palmar interosseous,
dorsalis Hnguse branches and a. sublingualis. one of three arteries springing from the deep
.

a. lumba'lis [BNA], lumbar; one of four or five pairs; palmar arch and running in the three inner interos-
origin, abdominal aorta; distribution, lumbar vertebraB, seous spaces; they anastomose with the metacarpeas
muscles of back, abdominal wall; anastomoses, in- dorsales,
tercostalis, subcostalis, epigastrica superior and in- a. metataraa'lis, a. arcuata [BNA],
ferior, circumfiexa ilium profunda, and iliolumbalis. a. metatarse'a dorsa'lis [BNA], dorsal interosseous
a. lumba'lis i'ma [BNA], lowest lumbar; origin, artery; one of three branches of the arcuata, supply-
sacralis media; distribution, sacrum; anastomoses, i ng the three outer toes and the outer side of the second

sacralis lateralis. toe through the collateral branches, the digitales

a. malleola'ris ante'rior latera'lis [BNA], origin, dorsales.
tibialis anterior; distribution, ankle-joint; anastomoses, a. metatarse'a planta'ris [BNA], one of four digital
peronsea, tarsea lateralis. branches of the plantar arch.
a. malleola'ris ante'rior media'lis [BNA], origin, a. musculophren'ica fBNA], origin, is the outer
tibialis anterior; distribution, ankle-joint and neigh- terminal branch of mammaria interna; distribution,
boring integument; anastomoses, branches of tibialis diaphragm and intercostal muscles; anastomoses,
posterior. branches of pericardiacophrenica, phrenica inferior,
a. malleola'ris poste'rior latera'lis [BNA], peromea and aortic intercostal arteries.
 . ,

ARTERIA 83 ARTERIA

a.nutri'cia fem'oris [BNA], nutrient artery of the articulation and ankle-joint; anastomoses, malleolaris
femur; one of two arteries, superior and inferior, aris- anterior lateralis, tarsea la^ieralis, plantaris lateralis,
ing from the perforans prima and tertia respectively dorsalis pedis.
(sometimes secunda and quarta). a, peronae'a ante'rior, ramus perforans arteriae
a. nutri'cia fib'ul£e [BNA], origin, peronssa.; distribu- peronae® [BNA], perforating branch of the peroneal
tiofi, fibula. artery, going to the lateral malleolar rete.
hu'meri [B N A], a^ branch of the brachial a. peronse'a poste'rior, a. malleolaris posterior later-
a. nutri'cia
artery entering the humerus through the nutrient aUs [BNA],
foramen on the inner side of the shaft, a. pharynge'a ascen'dens [BNA], ascending pharyn-

a. nutri'cia tiVise [BNA], derived from the upper

geal; origin, external carotid; distribution, wall of
part of the posterior tibial and enters through the pharynx and soft palate.
medullary foramen on the posterior surface of the a, phren'ica infe'rior [BNA], origin, abdominal aorta

tibia. just below diaphragm; distribution, diaphragm; anas-

a. obturato'ria [BNA], origin, anterior division of' the tomoses, phrenica superior, mammaria interna, and
hypogastrica; distribution, bladder, pelvic bones, psoas musculophrenica.
a. phren'ica supe'rior [BNA], one of several small
and levator ani muscle; anastomoses, iliolumbalis,
epigastrica inferior, circumflexa femoris medialis. arteries given off from the lower part of the thoracic
a. occipita'lis [BNA], origin, external carotid; aorta and distributed to the diaphragm; they anasto-
branches, stemocleidomastoidea, and muscular, menin- mose with the musculophrenic.
geal, auricular, occipital, mastoid, and descending rami. a. planta'ris latera'Us [BNA], lateral (external)
a. cesophage'a [BNA], one of several arteries arising
plantar; larger of the two terminal branches of the
from the descending thoracic aorta and supplying the tibialis posterior; distribution, forms the plantar arch
esophagus. and through it supplies the sole of the foot and plantar
a. ophthal'mica [BNA], origin, carotis interna; surfaces of the toes; anastomoses, plantaris medialis,
branches, ciliares posteriores, centralis retinae, meningea dorsalis pedis.
anterior, lacrimalis, supraorbi talis, ethmoidalis ante- a. planta'ris media'lis [BNA], medial (internal)

rior,palpebrales, dorsalis nasi, and frontalis. plantar, one of the terminal branches of the tibialis
a. orbita'lis, a. zygomaticoorbitalis [BNA]. posterior; distribution, inner side of the sole of the foot;
a. ovar'ica [BNA], origin, aorta; branches, ureteral,
anastomoses, dorsalis pedis, plantaris lateralis.
tubal, ligamentous, ovarian, and uterine rami; anas- a. poplite'a [BNA], continuation of femoral in the

tomoses, uterina. popliteal space, bifurcating at the lower border of the

a. palatl'na ascen'dens [BNA], origin, maxillaris
popUteus muscle into the tibialis anterior and posterior;
externa (facial); distribution, lateral walls of pharynx, branches, genu superior lateralis and medialis, genu
tonsils, Eustachian tubes, and soft palate; anastomoses, inferior lateralis and medialis, and surales.
tonsillar ramus of maxillaris externa, dorsalis linguae, a. prin'cep ervi'cis, de cending ramus of the
and palatina descendens. occipitalis [BNA]; origin, occipita s; distribution
a. palati'na descen'dens [BNA], descending or complexus and trapezius muscles ; anastomoses ,

posterior palatine; origin, maxillaris interna; distribu- cervicalis superficialis and branches of vertebralis and
tion, soft palate, gums, and bones and mucous mem- cervicalis profunda.
brane of hard palate; anastomoses, sphenopalatina, a. prin'ceps pol'licis [BNA], origin, radialis; dis-
palatina ascendens, pharyngea ascendens, and tonsillar tribution, volar surface and sides of thumb; anasto-
branches of maxillaris externa (facial). moses, arteries on dorsum of thumb.
a. profun'da bra'chii LBNA], profunda brachii
a. palati'na mi' nor [BNA], one of several posterior
superior; o igin, brachialis; distribution, humerus and
branches of the palatina descendens in the pterygo-
muscles and integument of arm; anastomoses, recurrens
palatine canal, distributed to the soft palate and tonsil.
radialis, interossea recurrens, collateralis ulnaris, cir-
a. palati'na ma'jor [BNA], the anterior branch of the
cumflexa. humeri posterior.
palatina descendens in the pterygopalatine canal,
a. profun'da bra'chii infe'rior, a. collateralis ulnaris
supplying the gums and mucous membrane of the hard
superior [BNA].
palate.
a. profun'da bra'chii supe'rior, a. profunda brachi;
arte'ris palpebra'les [BNA] branches of the ophthal-
[BNA].
mic supplying the upper and lower eyelids, consisting of
a. profun'da cUtor'idis [BNA], deep artery of the
two sets a. p. latera'les and a. p. media'les.
clitoris; a small vessel supplying the body of the
a. pancreat'icoduodena'lis infe'rior [BNA], origin,
chtoris, derived from the a. clitoridis.
mesenterica superior; distribution, head of pan-
a. profun'da fem'oris [BNA], deep artery of the thigh;
creas, duodenum; anastomoses, pancreaticoduodenalis
origin, femoralis; branches, circumflexa femoris latera-
superior.
lis, circumflexa femoris medialis,- perforans (3 or 4).
a. pancreat'icoduodena''lis supe'rior [BNA], origin,
a. profun'da lin'guae [BNA], deep artery of the
gastroduodenalis; distribution, head of pancreas, tongue, ranine artery; termination of lingual; distribu-
duodenum., common bile-duct; anastomoses, pan- tion, muscles and mucous membrane of under surface
creaticoduodenalis inferior, lienalis.
of tongue.
a. pe'nis [B N A], deep terminal branch of the a. profun'da pe'nis [BNA], deep artery of the penis;
pudenda interna, dividing into the dorsalis and pro- origin, a. penis; distribution, corpus cavernosum penis.
funda penis. a. puden'da exter'na profun'da [BNA], deep external
a. per'forans [BNA], perforating artery; one of three pudendal (pudic) artery; origin, femoral; distribution,
or four branches (prima, secunda, tertia, quarta) of integument of scrotum, or labia majora; anastomoses,
the profunda femoris which pierce the muscles to pudenda externa superficialis and spermatica externa,
reach the vastus lateralis (externus) muscle; they or a. ligamenti teretis uteri.
anastomose with branches of the glutea inferior, cir- a. puden'da exter'na superflcia'lis [BNA], superficial
cumflexa femoris medialis, circumflexa femoris latera- external pudendal (pudic) artery; origin, femoralis;
lis, poplitea. distribution, root of dorsum penis, or mons Veneris,
a. pericardi"acophren'ica [BNA], comes nervi phren- and skin of lower abdomen; anastomoses, pudenda ex-
ici, superior phrenic artery; origin, mammaria in- terna profunda, epigastrica superficialis.
terna; distrihution, pericardium, diaphragm, and a. puden'da inter'na [BNA], pudica interna; origin,
pleura; anastomoses, musculophrenica, phrenica in- anterior division of hypogastrica; branches, haemor-
ferior, mediastinal and pericardial branches of the rhoidalis inferior, perinei, scrotales (or labiales)
mammaria interna. posteriores, penis, urethralis, bulbi urethras (bulbi
a. perinea'lis superficia'lls, a. perinei [BNA]. vestibuli vaginee), profunda penis, dorsalis penis (clito-
a. perine'i [BNA], perinealis superficialis; origin, ridis, profunda clitoridis, dorsalis clitoridis)

pudenda interna; distribution, perineum; anastomoses, a. pulmona'lis [BNA], origin, right ventricle of the

pudendffl externae. heart; distribution, the lungs; branches, right and left.
a. peron»'a [BNA], origin, tibialis posterior; dis- a, pylor'ica, a. gastrica dextra [BNA],

tribution, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor longus a, radia'lis [BNA], origin, brachialis; branches, re-

hallucis and peroneal muscles and inferior tibiofibular currens radialis, metacarpes dorsales, digitales dorsales,
 .

ARTERIA 84 ARTERIA

versa transversa scapulas, thoracalis lateralis,

princeps pollicis, metacarpeee volares, and muscular, colli,

carpal, and perforating fami, and intercostals.

(BNA]. a. superficia'lis vo'lse, ramus volaris superficialis
d. radia'lis in'dicis, a. volaris indicis radialis
[BNA]; origin, radialis; distribution, ball of thumb;
a. rani'na, ranine, a. profunda linguae [BNA].
anastomoses, som.etimes with ulnaris to form superficia
a. recur'rens radia'lis [BNA], origin, radialis; dis-
palmar arch (arcus vojaris superficialis)
tribution, supinator and extensor muscles; anastomoses, a. supraorbita'lis [BNA], origin, ophthalmica; dis-
profunda brachii. tribution, frontalis muscle and scalp; anastomoses,
a. recur'rens tibia'lis ante'rior [BNA], origin, tibialis
branches of the temporalis superficialis and frontalis.
anterior; distribution, superior tibiofibular articulation a. suprarena'lis infe'rior [BNA], origin, renalis;
and tibialis anterior muscle; ana^/omosw, genu (articu- distribution, suprarenal body; anastomoses, suprarenalis
lar) arteries, circumflexa femoris lateralis, and genu media.
suprema. a. suprarena'lis me'dia [BNA], capsularis media;
a. recur'rens tibia'lis poste'rior [BNA], an occasional origin, aorta; distribution,suprarenal bodies; anasto-
branch of the tibialis anterior ; distribution, back of knee- moses, suprarenalis superior and inferior.
joint; anastomoses^ genu inferior medialis and lateralis. a. suprascapula'ris, a. transversa scapulse [BNA].
a. recur'rens ulna'ris [BNA], one of two (anterior a. sura'lis [BNA], artery of the calf; one of four or^
and posterior) recurrent branches of the ulnaris; five arteries arising (sometimes by a common trunk)"
distribution, elbow-joint and adjacent muscles; anas- from the poplitea; distribution, muscles and integument
tomoses, coUateralis ulnaris superior and inferior. of the calf; anastomoses, tibialis posterior, genu inferior
a. rena'lis [BNA], origin, aorta; branches, ureteral, medialis and lateralis.
perirenal, and glandular rami, and suprarenalis inferior; a. tarse'a latera'lis [BNA], origin, dorsalis pedis;
distribution, kidney. distribution, tarsal joints and extensor brevis digitorum
a. sacra'lis latera'lis [BNA], lateral sacral; origin, muscle; anastomoses, arcuata, peronaea anterior, plan-
posterior division of hypogastrica; distribution, region taris lateralis, malleolaris anterior lateralis;
of coccyx and sacrum; anastomoses, sacralis media, a. tarse'a media'Us [BNA], one of two small branches
glutsea superior, glutsea inferior. of the dorsalis pedis distribution, medial malleolar
;

rete.
a. me'dia [BNA], middle sacral; origin,
sacra'lis
a. tempora'lis profun'da [BNA], two in number
back of abdominal arota just above the bifurcation;
anterior and posterior; origin, maxillaris interna; dis-
distribution, lower lumbar vertebra, sacrum, and
tribution, temporal muscle; anastomoses, branches of
coccyx; anastomoses, sacralis lateralis, hasmorrhoidalis
superior and media. temporalis superficialis, lacrimalis, and meningea
media.
a. scrota'lis ante'rior [BNA], termination of the
a. tempora'lis me'dia [BNA], origin, temporalis
pudenda externa profunda.
superficialis; distribution, temporal fascia and muscle;
a. scrota'lis poste'rior [BNA], one of several twigs
anastomoses, branches of maxillaris interna.
derived from the a. perinei, distributed to the posterior
a. tempora'lis superficia'lis [BNA], origin, is a termi-
portion of the scrotum.
nal branch of the external carotid; branches, trans-
a. sigmoid' ea [BNA], origin, mesenterica inferior;
distribution, descending colon and sigmoid flexure;
versa faciei, temporalis media, zygomaticoorbitalis,
and parotid, anterior auricular, frontal, and parietal
anastomoses, colica sinistra, hasmorrhoidalis superior.
rami.
a. spermafica ezter'na [BNA], cremasterica; origin,
epigastrica inferior; distribution, coverings of sper- a. testicula'ris [BNA], origin, spermatica interna;
matic cord; anastomoses, pudenda externa, sperxna- distribution, testicle.
tica, and a. perinei. a. thoraca'lia latera'lis [BNA],
lateral thoracic, long
a. spermafica inter'na [BNA], origin, aorta; branches,
thoracic, external mammary; origin, axillaris; distribu-
ureteral, cremasteric, epididymal rami, and a. testicu- tion, thoracic muscles and mammary gland; anasto-

laris; distribution, parts designated by names of moses, branches of thoracoacromialis, intercostal, and
branches; anastomoses, branches of renal, epigastrica subscapularis.
inferior, deferentialis. a. thoraca'lis supre'ma [BNA], superior thoracic;

a. sphenopalati'na [BNA], origin, maxillaris interna;

origin, axillaris; distribution, muscles of chest; anasto-
distribution, posterior portion of outer nasal wall and moses, branches of transversa scapulas, mammaria
septum; anastomoses, branches of palatina descendens, interna, and thoracoacromialis.
a. thora'cica lon'ga, a. thoracalis lateralis [BNA].
labialis superior, and infraorbitalis.
a. spina'lis ante'rior [BNA], origin, vertebralis; a. thoracoacromia'lis [BNA], acromiothoracic; origin,

distribution, spinal cord and pia mater; anastomoses, muscles and skin of shoulderand
axillaris; distribution,

branches of intercostales and lumbales. upper chest; amistomoses, branches of thoracalis

a. spina'lis poste'rior [BNA], origin, vertebralis; suprema, mammaria interna, thoracalis lateralis, cir-
distribution, medulla, spinal cord, and pia mater; cumflexa humeri posterior and anterior, and transversa
anastomoses, spinal branches of intercostales. scapulee.
a. ster"noclei"domastoid'ea [BNA], origin, occipitaX; a. thoracodorsa'lis [BNA], origin, axillaris; distribu-
distribution, muscle of the same name; anastomoses, tion, muscles of upper part of back; anastomoses,
sternocleidomastoid ramus of the thyroidea superior. branches of thoracalis lateralis.
a. stylomastoid'ea [BNA], origin, auricularis poste- a. thy'mica [BNA], origin, mammaria interna; dis-
rior; distribution, external auditory meatus, mastoid tribution, thymus gland.
cells, semicircular canals, stapedius muscle, and vesti- a. thyreoid'ea i'ma [BNA], lowest thyroid, an incon-
bule; anastomoses, tympanic branches of carotis in- stant artery; origin, arch of aorta or anonyma (innomi-
terna and pharyngea ascendens, and auditory branch nate) artery; distribution, thyroid gland.
of basilaris. a. thyreoid'ea infe'rior [BNA], inferior thyroid;
a. subcla'via [BNA], right from anonyma
origin, origin, truncus thyreocervicalis; branches, cervicalis
(innominate), left from arch of aorta; branches, verte- ascendens, laryngea inferior, and muscular, esophageal,
bralis, thyroid axis (truncus thyreocervicalis), mam- and tracheal rami.
maria interna; superior intercostal (truncus costo- a. thyreoid'ea supe'rior [BNA], superior thyroid;
cervicalis) ; it is directly continuous with the axillaris. origin, external carotid; bra^iches, infrahyoid branch,
a. sublingua'lis [BNA], origin, Hngualis; distribu- laryngea superior, thyreolaryngea, sternocleido-
tion, muscles of tongue; anastomoses, submentalis. mastoidea, a cricothyroid and two terminal branches.
a. submenta'lis [BNA], maxillaris externa (facial); a. thyreolarynge'a, origin, thyreoidea superior; dis-
distribution, mylohyoid muscle, submaxillary and tribution, larynx and thyroid gland.
sublingual glands, and structures of lower Hp; anasto- a. tibia'lis ante'rior [BNA], origin, poplitea; branches,
moses, labialis inferior, mental branch of alveolaris recurrens tibialis posterior and anterior, malleolaris
and inferior coronary ramus of
inferior, sublingualis, anterior lateralis and medialis, dorsalis pedis, tarsea
maxillaris externa. 1 ateralis, tarseje mediales, metatarseas dorsales, and
a. subscapula'ris [BNA], origin, axillaris; branch, digitales dorsales.
circumflexa scapulaj; distribution, muscles of shoulder a. tibia'lis poste'rior [BNA], the larger and more
and scapular region; anastomoses, branches of trans- directly continuous of the two terminal branches of the
ARTERIA 85 ARTERIOTOME
poplitea; branches, peronsea, nutricia fibulae, malleolaris arteri'asis. Generalized arteriosclerosis.*
posterior lateralis and medialis, nutricia tibiae, plan-
arteriecta'sia [G. ektasis, distention.] Dilatation of
taris medialis and lateralis, metatarsese plantares,
the arteries, vasodilatation.
digitales plantares, and various communicating and
perforating rami. arteriocap'illary. Relating to both arteries and
a. transver'sa col'li [BNA],
transversalia colli;
a, capillaries, a. fibro'sis, arteriosclerosis, affecting
origin, truncus thyr.ocervicalis; branches, cervicalis especially the walls of the capillaries and terminal
superficialis, muscular and descending rami. arterioles.
transver'sa facie'i [BNA], transverse facial;
a. arteriococcygeal gland (ar-te"r!(-o-kok'-sij'e-al).
origin, temporalis superficialis; distribution, parotid
Glomus coccygeunv
gland, Stensen's duct, masseter muscle, and overlying
arteriofibro'sis. Arteriosclerosis.
skin; anastomoses, infraorbital and buccal branches of
maxillaris interna, and buccal and masseteric branches arte'riogram [G. gramma, a drawing.] Sphyg-
of maxillaris externa. mogram
a. transver'sa scap'ulse [BNA], suprascapular; arteriog'raphy [G. grapho, I write, I register.] i.
origin, truncus thyreocervicalis; distribution, clavicle, Sphygmography. 2. Description of the arteries.
scaptda, muscles of shoulder, and shoulder-joint; arteri'ola [L. dim. of arieria.] Arteriole, a. rec'ta,
anastomoses, subscapular, posterior scapular, and
one of the arterioles going to the pyramids in the
dor&alis scapulee.
cortex of the kidney.
a. transversa' lis col'li, a. transversa colli [BNA.]
a. tympan'ica ante'rior [BNA], origin, maxillaris
arte'riole [L. arteriola.] A minute artery; a terminal
interna; distribution, tympanum; anastomoses, tym- artery continuous with the capillary network.
panic branches of carotis interna and pharyngea arte'riolith. A calcareous deposit in the wall of an
ascendens, and stylomastoidea. artery or in a thrombus.
tympan'ica infe'rior [BNA], inferior tympanic;
a. arteriol'ogy. The part of anatomy which deals
origin,pharyngea ascendens; distribution, tympanum with the arteries; usually associated with the
of the ear; anastomoses, tympanic branches of other
study of the other vessels under the name angi-
arteries.
tympan'ica poste'rior [BNA], origin, stylomas-
a.
ology.
'
toidea distribution, tympanic cavity
; anastomoses, ;
arteriomala''cia [G. m-alakia, softness.] Softening of
tympanic branches of maxillaris interna. the arteries.
a. tympan'ica supe'rior [BNA], origin, meningea arteriom'eter [G. m.etron.. measure.] An instru-r
media; distribution, tympanum. ment for measuring the diam,eter of an artery, or
a. ulna'ris [BNA], origin, brachialis; branches, re- its change in size during pulsation.
currentes ulnares, interosseag, digitales volares.
arteriomyomatosis (ar-te"r[-o-mi-o-nia.-to'sis)
a. umbiUca'lis [BNA], before birth is continuation of
iliaca communis; after birth it is obliterated between
[L. arteria, artery, + G. mys, muscle, oma -\—
bladder and umbilicus, forming the lateral umbilical -{--osit.] Thickening of the walls of an artery
ligament, the remaining portion, between a. hypo- by an overgrowth of muscular fibers arranged
gastrica and bladder, being reduced in size and giving irregularly, intersecting each other without any
off the superior vesical arteries. definite relation to the axis of the vessel.
a. urethra'lis [BNA], origin, a. penis; distribution, arteriop'athy [G. pathos, sufferingj Any disease of
membranous urethra. the arteries.
a. uteri' na [BNA], origin, anterior division of hypo-
arteriophlebot'omy [G. arteria + phleps(phleb-),
gastrica; distribution, uterus, upper part of vagina,
round ligament, and inner part of Fallopian tube; vein, + tome, a cutting.] Bloodletting from the
anastomoses, ovarica, vaginalis, epigastrica inferior. minute arterioles and veinlets by scarification of
a. vagina'Iis [BNA], origin, anterior division of hypo- the skin or mucous membrane.
gastrica; distribution, vagina, base of bladder, rectum; arteriopla'nia [G. plane, a straying.] The presence
anastomoses, uterina, pudenda interna. of an anomaly in the course of an artery.
a. vertebra'lis [BNA], origin, subclavia; branches,
spinalis posterior, spinalis anterior, tt. cerebelli inferior
arte'rioplas"ty [G. arteria, artery, + plasso, I form.]
IVTatas'* operation for aneurysm.
posterior, and various muscular, meningeal, and
arteriopressor (ar-te"ri-o-pres'or). Causing increased
spinal branches; the two vertebrals unite to form the
basilar; anastomoses, descending ramus of occipitalis blood-pressure in the arteries.
and cervicalis profunda. arterior'rhaphy [G. arteria, artery, -i- rhaphe, seam^
a. vesica'Us infe'rior [BNA], origin, anterior division Suture of an artery.
of hypogastrica; distribution, base of bladder, ureter, arteriorrhex'is [G. rhexts, rupture.] Rupture of
and (in the male) seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and an artery.
prostate; anastomoses, haemorrhoidalis media, and other
vesical branches.
arteries clero'sis [G. arteria + sklerosis, a hardening.]
Arterial sclerosis; a fibrous overgrowth, mainly of
a. vesica'lis supe'rior [BNA], origin, umbilicalis;
distribution, bladder, urachus, ureter; anastomoses,
the inner coat of an artery, associated with
other vesical branches. degenerative changes in the middle coat, causing
a. vidia'na, a. canalis pterygoidei [BNA]. thickening of the arterial wall with loss of
a. vola'ris [BNA], radialis indicis;
in'dicis radia'lis elasticity and contractility, decres'cent form
origin, radialis; distribution, radial side of index fingei. of a., senile form, that occurring as one of the
a. zygomaf'icoorbita'lis [BNA], orbital; origin,
manifestations of senile involution.
temporalis superficialis, sometimes temporalis media; Relating to or affected by
arteriosclerot'ic.
distribution orbicularis palpebrarum muscle
,
and ,

arteriosclerosis.
portion of orbit; anastomoses, lacrimalis and palpe-
bral branches of ophthalmica. arterios'ity. A state of being arterial, noting the
aeration of the blood.
arteriag'ra. Ant erics clerosis of gouty origin. arteriosteno'sis [G. arteria +
stenosis, a narrowing.]
arte'rial. Relating to one or more arteries or to Narrowing of the caliber of an artery, either
the entire system of arteries. temporary, through vasoconstriction, or per-
arterialization (ar-te"r![-al-i-za'shun). i. leaking or manent, through arteriosclerosis.
becoming arterial; aeration of the blood whereby arteriosto'sis [G. osteon, bone.] Calcification of the
it is changed in character from venous to arterial. arterial walls.
2. Vascularization. arteriostrep'sis [G. arteria + strepsis, a twisting.]
arteriarctia (ar-te-rTt-ark'shl-ah) [L. arciare, to Twisting of the divided end of an artery for the
constrict.] Narrowing of the arteries- vasocon- arrest of bleeding.
traction. arte'riotome. A
lancet for performing arteriotomy.
 ;

ARTERIOTOMY 86 ARTHROPATHY

swelling, nodo'sa, (i) a. deformans; (2)

a.
arteriot'omy [G. arteria +
tome, incision.] Blood-
chron'ic rheumat'ic a.,
artery, usually the temporal. gout. gout,
a. urat'ica,
letting from an
arteriotony (ar-te-ri-ot'o-ni) [G. arteria. artery, + a. deformans, rheu'matoid a., the atrophic
Blood pressure; the intra-arte- form of a. deformans.
tonos, tension.]
rial tension of the blood. ar'thritism. A
condition in which one is prone to
arte"riove'nous. Relating to both an artery and a various inflammatory processes of a gouty nature
vein or to both arteries and veins in general both ;
in the joints and skin.
arterial and venous. arthrobacte'rium [G. arthron, joint.] A bacterium
arteriover'sion [L. arteria, artery, + versio, a turn- in which reproduction occurs by segmentation or
ing.] The arrest of hemorrhage from the open fission without endogenous spore formation.
end of an artery by everting the wall of the arthrocace (ar-throk'a-se) [G. arthron, joint, -t-

vessel. kake, badness.] Caries of a joint.

arteriover'ter. An instrument for facilitating arterio- aithrocele (ar'thro-sel) [G. arthron, joint, + kell,

version. hernia, tumor.] i. Hernia of the synovial mem-

arteritis Inflammation of an
(ar-te-ri'(re')tis). brane through the capsule of a joint. 2. Any
artery, a. defor'mans, deformans
endarteritis swelling of a joint.
chronic inflammation of the intima with thick- arthrochondritis (ar"thro-kon-dri'(dre')tis) [G. ar-
ening and subsequent degeneration, a. nodo'sa, thron, joint, + chondros, cartilage, -itis.1 +
periarteritis nodosa, a. oblit'erans, obliterating Inflammation of an articular cartilage.
a., endarteritis* obliterans. arthrocla'sia [G. arthron, joint, +
klasis, a break-

ar'tery [L. arieria.'\ A

blood-vessel conveying blood ing.] The forcible breaking up of the adhesions
in a direction away from the heart; with the in ankylosis.
exception of the piilmonary artery, the arteries arthrocli'sis [G. arthron, joint, + kleisis, a shutting
convey red or aerated blood. For the table of up.] Ankylosis of a joint.
the arteries, see under arteyia. nu'trient a,, arthrod'esis [G. arthron, joint, -I- desis, a binding
an artery carrying blood to the interior of a together ] The stiffening of a joint by operative
bone, ve'nous a., arteria pulmonalis. means.
anomalous course, arterioplania. calculus, arteriolith. arthro'dia [G. arihrodia, a gliding joint.] Gliding
contraction, arteriostenosis, arteriarctia. description joint, a spherical joint in which the opposing
of, arteriography, dilatation, aneurysm, arteriectasia. surfaces are nearly planes and in which there is
disease,, arteriopathy, arteriosclerosis, arteriofibrosis,
atheroma, arteriomalacia, arteriostosis, arteriasis. only a slight, gliding motion, as in the articular
drawing blood from, arteriotomy. inflammation, processes of the vertebrse. doub'lc a., amphiar-
arteritis; of inner tunic,, endarteritis* of middle tunic, throsis.
mesarteritis; of outer tunic, exarteritis, periarteritis.
narrowing, arteriarctia, arteriostenosis. ossification, arthro'dlal. Relating to arthrodia.
arteriostosis. recording pulsations, arteriography, arthrodyn'ia [G. arthron, joint, odyne, pain.]+
sphygmography. rupture, arteriorrhexis. science of, Pain in a joint, arthralgia.
arteriology. small, arteriole, softening, arteriomala-
cia. suture, arteriorrhaphy. terminal, telangion. arthrodyn'ic. Relating to or suffering from arthro-
torsion, arteriostrepsis. union of two arteries (normal dynia; arthralgic.
or surgical), anastomosis. arthroempyesis (ar"thro-em-pi-e'sis). Arthrem-
ai'thigon. Trade name of a gonococcus stock pyesis.
vaccine containing 20 million to the cubic centi- arthrogenous (ar-throj'en-us) [G. arthron, joint, +
meter. gennao, I produce.] i. Of articular origin, starting
arthrag'ra [G. arthron, joint, + agra, seizure.] from a joint. .1. Forming an articulation, a.
Articular gout. spore, arthrospore.
ar'thral [G. arthron, joint.] Relating to a joint; arthrog'raphy [G. arthron, joint, + grapho, I de-
articular. scribe.] A treatise on the joints.
arthral'gia [G. arthron, joint, + algos, pain.] Severe arthrogryposis (ar"thro-gri-po'sis) [G. arthron, joint,
pain in a joint, especially one not inflammatory + grypasis, a crooking.] Retention of a joint in a
in character; arthrodynia. a. saturni'na, severe flexed position, due to muscular contraction or to
pain on movement, chiefly flexion, of the joints intracapsular or extracapsular adhesions.
of the lower extremities, in cases of lead poisoning. ar'throlith [G. arthron, joint, +
lithos, stone.] A
arthral'gic. Relating to or affected with arthralgia gouty deposit in a joint; chalk-stone.
arthrodynic. arthrolithi'asis. Articular gout.
arthrec'tomy [G. arthron, joint, + ehtome, excision.] arthrol'ogy [G. arthron, articulation, -I- -tog«o.] The
Exsection of a joint. branch of science which has to do with the
arthrempyesis (ar-threm-pi-e'sis) [G. arthron, joint, joints.
-t- empyesis, suppuration.] The presence of pus arthrolysis
in a joint.
(ar-throl'l-sis) [G. arthron, joint, +
a loosening.] The restoration of mobility
lysis, ^
artluifuge (ar'thrl-fuj) [arthritis + L. fugare, to chase in stiff and ankylosed joints.
away.] A gout remedy. arthromeningitis (ar"thro-men-in-ji'(je')tis) [G.
arthrit'ic. i. Relating to arthritis. 2. Gouty.
arthritide (ar'thri-ted) [Fr.] A skin eruption of as-
arthron, joint, -I- meninx, membrane, + -itis.]
Inflammation of the membranes of g. joint;
sumed gouty or rheumatic origin. synovitis.
arthritis (ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. arthron, joint, + arthrometer (ar-throm'e-tur) [G. arthron, joint, -|-
-itis.'\ Inflammation of a a. defor'mans,
joint, meiron, measure.] An instrument for measur-
a chronic disease, of vmcertain origin, affecting ing the degree of motion in a joint, the range
the structures of one or more of the joints, pro- of mobility being registered on a dial.
ducing deformity and loss of function, a. arthrometry (ar-throm'e-tri) [See arthrometar.]
defor'mans juveni'lis, Perthes-Legg disease, a. Measurement of the range of movement in a
chronic deforming osteochondritis occurring joint.
in early life. a. fungo'sa, white swelling; arthron'cus [G. arthron, joint, 4- onkos, tumor.]
chronic inflammation, usually tuberculous, of a I. Swelling of a joint. A
2. joint tumor.
joint, commonly the knee, with proliferation arthroneural'gia. Arthralgia.
of the synovial fringes producing a boggy arthrop'athy [G arthron, joint, + pathos, suffering.]
 .

ARTHROPATHY 87 ARTICULATIO

Any disease, especially a trophonettrosis, affecting eton, one with the various parts connected in such
a joint, osteopul'monary a., pulmonary osteo- a way as to allow of motion as in the living body.
arthropathy.* tabet'ic a., Charcot's disease, an articula'tio [L.] 1. Articulation, joint. 2. Articu-
enlargement of a joint, due to rarefying osteitis, lation, speech.
often associated by spontaneous fractures, occur-
a. acro'^mioclavicular'is [BNA], acromioclavicular
ring in tabes dorsalis.
articulation.
arthroph'lysis [G. arthron, joint, -|- phlysis, erup- a. atlan''teoepistroph'ica [BNA], atlanteoepistrophic,
tion.] An eczematous eruption in gouty or atloaxoid, or atlanto-odontoid articulation.
rheumatic subjects. '

a. atlan''tooccipita'lis [BNA], atlanto-occipital or

arthrophy'ma [G. arthron, joint, + phyma, swelling, atlo-occipital articulation.
tumor.] An articular tumor or swelling. a. calca"neocuboid'ea [BNA], calcaneocuboid articu-
lation.
arthrophyte (ar'thro-fit) [G. arthron, joint, -I-
articulatio'nes capitulc'rum costa'rum [BNA], articu-
phyton, plant, growth.] A neoplasm in a joint.
lations of the heads of the ribs.
ar'throplasty [G. arthron, joint, -I- plasso, I form.] articulatio'nes carpometacarpe'se [BNA], carpometa-
1. The making of an artificial joint in case of carpal articulations.
bony ankylosis. 2 An operation to restore as a. carpometacaipe'a ponicis [BNA], carpometacarpal
far as possible the integrity and functional power joint of the thumb.
of a joint. a. cochlea'ris [BNA], spiral or cochlear joint, a modi-
fication of the ginglymus, in which the configuration
ar'thiopod [G. arthron, joint, + pous(pod-), foot,
o the opposing surfaces is such that fiexion is accom-
limb.] A
jointed-limbed invertebrate animal.
panied with more or less lateral deviation; as in the
Arthrop'oda [see arthropod.] A phylum of the elbow-joint.
Metazoa, which includes insects, myriapods, a. compos'ita [BNA], compound joint, one in which
arachnids, crustaceans, and protracheata. three or more bones enter, or in which the socket is
arthropyo'sis [G. arthron, joint, +
pyosis, suppura- composed partly of ligamentous structures.
tion.] Suppuration in a joint. articulatio'nes costotransversa'rige [BNA], costo-
transverse articulations, articulations of the ribs with
arthrorrheu'matism. Articular rheumatism.
the transverse processes of the vertebra.
arthiosclcTOsis (ar"thro-skle-ro'sis) [G. arthron,
articulatio'nes costovertebra'les [BNA], costoverte-
joint, + sklerosis, hardening.] Stiffness of the bral or costocentral articulations, articulations of the
joints, especially in the aged. ribs with the bodies of the vertebra.
arthro'sis [G.] 'i. A
joint. 2. A
trophic degenera- a. cox'ffi [BNA], hip-joint.
tive affection of a joint, a. defor'mans, arthritis a. cricoarytasnoid'ea [BNA], cricoarytenoid articula-
deformans. tion.
cricothyreoid'ea [BNA], cricothyroid articulation.
ar'throspore [G. arthron, joint, -I- sporos, spore.] A
a.
a. cu'biti[BNA], elbow-joint.
large spore with thickened wall, formed by seg-
a. cuneonavicular'is [BNA], cuneonavicular or cuneo-
mentation, and having a greater power of resist- scaphoid articulation.
ance than an endospore. articulatio'nes digito'rum man'us [BNA], articula-
arthrosteitis (ar-thros-te-i'(e')tis) [G. arthron, joint, tions of the digits of the hand, finger joints.
+ osteon, bone, + -itis^ Inflammation of the articulatio'nes digito'rum pe'dis [BNA], articulations
osseous structures of a joint. of the digits of the foot, toe-joints.
a. ellipsoid'ea [BNA], elliptical, ellipsoidal, or condy-
arthrostomy (ar-thros'to-me) [G. arthron, joint, +
loid joint, a biaxial joint in which the contour of the
stoma, mouth.] The establishment 'of a tem- opposing surfaces is an ellipsoid, thus allowing of
porary opening into a joint cavity. motion in two planes; as in the atlanto-occipital
arthrosyuovitis (ar'thro-si-no-vi'(ve')tis) [G. arthron, articulation.
joint, + synovia, +
-itis."] Inflammation of the a. ge'nu [BNA], knee-joint.
synovial membrane of a joint. a. hu'meri [BNA], humeral articulation, shoulder-
ar'throtome. A
large strong scalpel used in cutting joint.
a. humeroradia'lis [BNA], humeroradial articula-
cartilaginous and other tough joint-structures.
tion.
arthrot'omy [G. arthron, joint, + tome, cutting.] humeroulnar'is, humero-ulnar articulation.
a',
Cutting into a joint. a. incu"domalleDlar'is [BNA], incudomalleolar joint,
ar"throty'phoid. Typhoid fever with joint symp- articulation of the anvil and the hammer, the head of
toms simulating rheumatism. the malleus fitting into a saddle-shaped articular sur-
arthroxesis (ar-throks'e-sis) [G. arthron, joint, -f- face on the body of the incus.
scraping.] Removal of diseased tissue a. incu"dostape'dia [BNA], incudostapedial joint, the
xesis,
articulation of the head of the stapes with the lenticular
from a joint by means of the sharp spoon or other
process on the long limb of the incus.
scraping instrument. a. intercar'pea [BNA], intercarpal articulation.
Arthus's "phenom'enon [Maurice Arthus,
(ar-tus') articulatio'nes interchondra'les costa'rum [BNA],
French bacteriologist, contemporary.] A phe- interchondral articulations of the ribs.
nomenon of anaphylaxis in which a guinea-pig, articulatio'nes intermetacar'peae [BNA], intermeta-
after receiving several injections of normal horse carpal articulations.
articulatio'nes intertar'seae [BNA], intertarsal articu-
serum, develops an abscess, edema, or gangrene
lations.
at the site of the last injection, becomes cachectic, mandibula'ris [BNA], mandibular or maxillary
a.
and dies. articulation, jaw-joint.
ar'tiad [G. artios, even.] In cheniistry, an element of articulatio'nes man'us [BNA], joints of the hand.
even valence, a dyad, tetrad, orhexad; see perissad. articulatio'nes metacarpophalange'ae [BNA], meta-
ar'ticle [L. articulus, joint.] A
joint or articu- carpophalangeal articulations
lation. articulatio'nes metatarsophalange'se [BNA], meta-
Relating to a joint. tarsophalangeal articulations,
artic'ular.
To join articulatio'nes ossiculo'rum audi'tus [BNA], articu-
artic'ulate [L. articulate, to connect.] 1.
lations of the auditory ossicles.
together so as to allow motion between the parts. a. os'sis pisifor'mis [BNA], articulation of the pisi-
artificial teeth in their
a. In dentistry, to adjust form bone.
proper positions. 3. To speak clearly and con- articulatio'nes pe'dis [BNA], joints of the foot.
Articulated, jointed. 5 Distinct radiocar'pea [BNA], radiocarpal joint, wrist-joint.
nectedly. 4. a.
ladioulnar'is dista'lis [BNA], distal radio-ulnar
and connected, noting speech a.

artic'ulated. Jointed, a. skel'eton, mounted skel- articulation.

 .

ARTICULATIO ASCARIDES

radioulnar'is proxima'lis [BNA], proximal radio- a'nim. The root of Arum maculatum, spotted arum,
a.
ulnar articulation. ,
adder's root, a plant of southern Europe; em-
a. sacroili'aca [BNA], sacroiliac joint. ployed in domestic medicine as a tonic in chlo-
a. seUar'is[BNA], saddle-joint, a biaxial joint in rosis.
which the double motion is effected by the opposition aryepiglottic (ar"I-ep-i-glot'ik). Arytenoep iglot-
of two surfaces each of which is concave in one
direction
tidean; relating to the arytenoid cartilage and
and convex in the other; as 'u the carpometacarpal the epiglottis; noting a fold of mucous mem-
articulation of the thumb.
composed of two brane {plica aryepiglottica) and a muscle contain-
a. sim'plex [BNA], simple joint, one
bones only.
a. sphseroid'ea [BNA], spherical or
spheroid joint; a
< •
ed in it {musculus aryepiglotticus).
aryl group (ar'il groop) [aromatic + G. hyle, stuff.]
multiaxial joint, one in which the opposing surfaces
are In chemistry, a group of radicals of the aromatic
spherical; the two forms are arthrodia and enarthrosis. or benzene series.
[BNA], sternoqlavicular articu-
a. sternoclavicular'is arylar'sonate. A salt of an arylarsonic acid,
lation.
destructive in general to spirochetes and similar
articulatio nes sternocosta'les [BNA], sternocostal
protozoan organisms
articulations.
a. talocalca'nea [BNA], talocalcaneal or astragalo- arylarson'ic acid. An arsonic acid to which a, radi-
calcaneal articulation. cal of the aryl group is attached.
a. talocalcaneonavicular'is [BNA], articulation be- arytaenoideus (ar-it"e-no-id'e-us). [G. arytaina, a
tween the talus, or astragalus, the calcaneus, or os ladle, -I- eidos, resemblance.] Arytenoid.
calcis, and the navicular, or scaphoid bone. arytenoepiglottidean (ar-it"e-no-ep"i-gl6-tid'e-an)
a. talocruraVis [BNA], talocrural articulation, ankle-
Aryepiglottic.
joint.
a. talonavicular'is [BNA], talonavicular or astragalo- arytenec'tomy. Arytenoidectomy.
scaphoid articulation. aryt'enoid [G. arytaina, a ladle, -I- eidos, appearance.]
a. tar'si transver'sa [BNA], transverse tarsal articu- Noting a cartilage {cartilago arytcenoidea) and a
lation, Chopart's* joint. muscle (musculus arytcenoideus) of the larynx.
articulatio' nes tarsometatar'seae [BNA], tarsometa- aiytenoidec'tomy [G. ektome, excision.] Excision of
tarsal articulations.
an arytenoid cartilage.
a. tibiofibular'is [BNA], tibiofibular articulation. Inflamma-
arytenoiditis (ar-it"e-noy-di'(de')tis).
a. trochoid' ea [BNA], trochoid, rotary, or pivot joint,
in which a section of a cylinder of one bone fits into a tion of an arytenoid cartilage.
corresponding cavity on the other, as in the superior A. S. Abbreviation for auris sinistra, left ear.
radio-ulnar articulation. As. I. Abbreviation for astigmatism or astigmatic,

2. Symbol of arsenum. As.H., hyperopic astig-

articulation (ar-tik"u-la'shun). i. A jointing or matism. As.M., myopic astigmatism.
connecting together loosely so as to allow of asafetida, asafoetida (as-ah-fet'i-dah) [Pers. ana,
motion between the parts. 2. The fitting of an mastic, + L. fetidus, fetid.] (U. S. and Br.) A
artificial tooth in its proper position in the dental gum resin, the inspissated exudate from the root
arch. 3. A joint. 4. Distinct connected speech; of Ferula fcstida, antispasmodic in doses of gr.
enunciation. 3-10 (0.2-0.6). The official preparations are:
artic'ulator. 1. An
instrument by means of which emulsum, pilules, and tinctura.
artificial teeth are properly adjusted or articu- asaph'ia [G. asapheia, obscurity.] Indistinctness
lated. 2. An appliance for bringing the teeth in speech
of the two jaws into apposition as'aprol. Abrastol, betanaphthol-alphamonosul-
artic'ulatory. Relating to articulate speech. phonate; a slightly reddish, odorless, bitterish,
ar'tifact [L. ars, art, + factus, made.] Artefact, an soluble powder, employed as an antisepti'
apparent lesion in a pathological or histological (ntipyretic, and analgesic, in doses of gr. 8—15
specimen, not existing during life, but made so. 5-1.0)
accidentally in the process of dissection or as'arin, as'aron. Asanun camphor, CjoHjeOs,
mounting the specimen. obtained from the root of Asarum europceunt,
artificer (ar-tif'i-sur) [L. artificiunt, a craft.] occurring in the form of yellowish white crystals
]\techanical man, one who does the mechanical antiseptic and tonic.
work (making plates, etc.) in dentistry. As'arum. A
genus of plants of the natural order
artificial (ar-tl-fish'al) [L. ars, art, + facere, to Aristolochiacem. A. canaden'se, wild ginger,
make.] Xot natural, manufactured; made in Indian ginger, Canada snakeroot; the rhizome
imitation of a. feed'ing, feeding
nature, an and rootlets are official in the N.F. as asarum;
infant with other than breast-milk. a. food, any employed as an aromatic stimulant and diapho-
prepared food, one for infants, a.
especially retic, in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0), and also in
respira'tion, the maintenance of the respiratory the compound syrup in dose of 3i (4.0). A.
movements, in case of suspended animation, by europae'um, hazelwort, European snakeroot; the
rhythmical compression of the chest wall or root is used as an emetic and cathartic in doses
other means: see Howard, Laborde, Marshall of 5^-1 (2.0-4.0), and as an errhine in doses of
Halt, Schafer, Silvester, Buist, Byrd-Dew, Doe, gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13).
and Schulize. asbes'tos [G. unquenchable, a name anciently given
Artiodac'tyla [G. artios, even in number, -I- daktylos, to a mythical mineral that, once lighted, could
finger.] A division of the ungulate or hoofed not be extinguished; now applied to one that
animals, having toes even in number, two or cannot be burned.] A fibrous form of horn-
four; all ruminant animals and hog-like ungulates blende, consisting chiefly of magnesium silicate;
are artiodactylic. used in the manufacture of incombustible
artiodactylic (ar"tI-o-dak-til'ik). Having an even clothing and as a covering for steam pipes, and in
number (two or four) of toes on each foot, noting pharmacy as a filter material.
the ruminants and certain other ungulate ani- ascari'asis. Ascaridiasis.
mals. ascaricide (as-kar'I-sid) [L. ca;dere, to kill.] i.
Art'mann's cre'olln. A compound of phenols and Causing the death o! ascarides. 2 An agent
sulphuric acid employed as an external antiseptic which destroys ascarides.
and disinfectant. ascarides (as-kar'-l-dez) [pi. of ascaris.l Pinworms,
ASCAKIDES Sg ASELLINE

intestinal parasites of the species Oxyuris ver- a.,the presence of a milky fluid in the peritoneal
Ttiicularis. cavity; the fluid contains protein of some sort,
ascaridi'asis. The presence of ascarides in the but no fat.
intestine and the symptoms caused thereby. ascitic. Relating to ascites.
As'caris [G askaris, pinworm.] A
genus of lumbri- Asclepiada'cese. An order of gamopetalous plants,
coid worms, of the ordei- Nemaioda or Nema- which includes the milk-weed, or Asclepias.
toidea, parasitic in the intestine and other parts. asclepi'adin. An amaroid contained in a number of
A. a'pri, Strongylus apri. A. ca'nis, k species species of Asclepias; it is emetic and diaphoretic
common in dogs and cats, but rarely found in man. in doses of gr. 1—2 (0.06-0. 13).
A. lumbricoi'des, round womi, a common intes- Ascle'pias [G. Asklepios, .(Esculapius.] A genus of
tinal parasite, especially in children-, a cylindrical plants of the natural order Asclepiadaceiz. A.
worm, pointed at both ends, of a reddish or yel- curassav'ica, blood flower, bastard ipecac, a
lowish color, 2B to 30 cm. (8 to 12 inches) in plant of the West Indies, the leaves and tops of
length; various Teflex symptoms, restlessness, which are astringent and anthelmintic in doses of
fever, and sometimes diarrhea, are attributed to 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0) of a fluidextract; locally hemos-
its presence, but usually it causes no definite tatic. A. incarna'ta, white Indian hemp, the
symptoms. A. marit'ima, a species, only once root of which is expectorant, diuretic, and
recorded as present in a child. A. mys'tax, a anthelmintic in doses of gr. 10—20 (0.6-1.2).
species parasitic in dogs, cats, and some wild car- A. syri'aca, wild cotton, silk-weed, the root of
and occasionally in man; it is charac-
nivores, which is employed in amenorrhea, dropsy, rheu-
terizedby a spatulate shape of the head pro- matism, and asthma in doses of 3i~i (2.0-4.0)
duced by lateral membranous expansions of the of the fluidextract. A. tubero'sa, butterfly-weed,
cuticle. A. trichiu'rus, Trichocephalus trichiurus. yellow milk-weed, pleurisy root, the root of
A.vennicula'ris, Oxyuris vermicularis. A. vis- which, official in the N.F. as asclepias, is em-
cera'Us et renalis, Eusirongylus gigas. ployed as a diuretic and cathartic in doses of gr.
ascend'ing [L. ascendere, to go up.] Going upward, 20-60 (i 3-4 0) the eclectic preparation, specific
. . ;

having an upward direction, a. aor'ta, the first asclepias is made with 420 gr. in alcohol gi;
part of the aorta between its origin from the dose a teaspoonful every hour of a mixture of
heart and the arch of the aorta, a. colon, the 3 1 in water B2.
first part of the colon in the right side of the as'clepin. A
resinous extract from asclepias (the
abdomen, a. paral'ysis, paralysis beginning in . root of Asclepias iuberosa) employed in eclectic
the peripheral muscles and involving successively practice in pleurisy, pneumonia, and other
those higher up. affections of the respiratory apparatus, in doses of
ascen'sus [L. ascent.] A moving upward; having gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13).

an abnormally high position, a. u'teri, the eleva- as'cocarp [G. askos, bag, -I- karpos, fruit,] The
tion of the uterus in the abdomen, independent of sporocarp of Ascomycetes, producing asci and
its increase in size, at a stage in pregnancy. ascospores.
Cacodyl. ascococ'cus [G askos, a leather bag.] Billroth's
AS2(CH,)4.
Asch's operation [Morris J. Asch, American term for a mass of cocci held together by a
laryngologist, 1833-1902.] An operation for gelatinous or glairy substance.
deviated nasal septum by means of crucial ascogo'nlum [G. askos, bag, +
gonos, a begetting.]

. incisions through the convex portion and then Archicarp.

overlapping the flaps so as to straighten the Ascoli reac'tion (ahs-ko'le) [Alberto Ascoli, Italian
septum. veterinarian, contemporary.] A precipitation test
Ascherson's mem'brane (ahsh'er-son) [Ferdinand for anthrax the suspected material is boiled for a
;

Moritz Ascherson, Berlin physician, 1798-1879.] few minutes in physiological salt solution which
A film of casein assumed by A. to surround the fat is then filtered, and over it is gently poured a

droplets in milk, preventing their coalescence. little specific serum; a precipitate occurs at
(The theory is asserted by Hammersten to be the plane of contact if the material is from a case
untenable.) A.'s yes'icles, minute fat droplets of anthrax.
surrounded by a fUm of albumin, obtained by A. Ascomyce'tes [Cr. askos, a bag, -1- mykes, mushroom.]
in shaking a mixture of oil and an albuminous A family of fungi marked by long spore-con-
fluid.
taining cells; ergot, truffles, moulds, and yeasts
Aschner's phenom'enon (ash'ner). Pressure on belong to this family.
as'cospore [G. askos, bag, -I- sporos, spore.] One of
the eyeball causes a slowing of the pulse.
As2(CH,)40. Cacodyl oxide. a number of spores contained in a sac or bag.
Aschoff bodies (ahsh'of bod'iz) [Ludwig Aschoff, as'cus [G. askos, bag.] The elongated spore-contain-
German pathologist, *i866.] Rheumatic nodules ing cell of moulds, lichens, and other ascomycetes.
-ase [G. asis, slime, colloid material.] A termination
in the myocardium. A. 's node, Aschoff- Tawara
denoting an enzyme (of colloid structure); :t is
node, Koch's node, atrioventricular node.*
suffixed to the name of the substance upon which
asci (as'ki). Plural of ascus.
+ An the enzyme exerts its specific action. Thus a
ascites (a-si'(se')tez) [G. askos. a bag,
-ites.]
starch-splitting enzyme is called amylase, a fat-
accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal This rule is not
abdominaldropsy. splitting enzyme lipase, etc.
cavity; hydroperitoneum,
chylous
a. chylo'sus, strictly followed, since the enzyme sometimes
a. adipo'sus, chyliform a.
receives a name indicating
its general action
a. chy'liform a., a. adiposus, the presence of a
rather than the body upon which it acts, the
milky fluid, containing suspended fat, in the perit-
presence coagulating enzyme being called thrombase, an
oneal cavity, chy'lous a., a. chylosus, the
fatt'y a., oxidizing enzyme, oxidase, etc.
of chyle in the peritoneal cavity,
chyliform a., Asel'li's glands or pan'creas [Gaspar Aselli, Italian
chyliform a. milk'y a., chylous a.,
anatomist, 1581-1626.] A collection of lymph
pseudochylous a., preag'onal a., an outpour
of
upon glands lying in the mesentery.
serum in the peritoneal cavity consequent aselline (S-sel'en). A poisonous leucomaine found
sometimes
an intense congestion of the viscera, in cod-liver oil.
Ions
immediately preceding death. pseu"dochy
 ;

90 ASPIDOSPERMINE
ASEMASIA
Appearance, looks. -2. The side of an object
asema'sia [G. a- priv. + semasia, giving a signal.]
which looks in any designated direction.
Asymbolia (2).
A black pigment obtained from
Asymbolia asper'gillin.
ase'mia [G. a- priv. + sema, sign.] (2).
various species of Aspergillus.
asep'sin. Acetbromanilide. The presence of any
con- A aspergillosis (as-pur- jil-o'sis) .

asep'sls [G. a- priv. + sepsis, putrefaction.]

species of Aspergillus in the tissues or on a mucous
dition in which living pyogenic organisms are
surface, and the symptoms produced thereby.
absent. pul'monary a., a destruc-
to asepsis, a. au'ral a., otomycosis,
Marked by or relating
tive disease of the lung due to the presence and
asep'tic.
fe'ver, pjrrexiaaccompanied with malaise due to
growth of a fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus.
the absorption of dead, but not putrefactive,
a. sur'gery, the per-
Aspergillus (as-pur-jil'us) [L. aspergere, to sprinkle.]
tissue following an injury,
A genus of fungi of the family Ascomycetes, con-
formance of an operation, in a field free from
taining many species of moulds, several with
pyogenic or septic germs, with sterilized hands,
instruments, etc., preventing the introduction of black spores. A. auricular'is, A. niger, a species
found in the external auditory meatus. A.
germs from without.
flaves'cens, a pathogenic form with yellowish
asepticism (S-sep'tl-sizm). The practice of aseptic
spores. A. fumiga'tus, a form present in pulmon-
surgery.
ary aspergillosis. A. glau'cus, a blue mould on
,

asep'ticize. To render aseptic or sterile.

asep'tol. A 33J per cent, solution of orthophenol fruit. A. mucuroid'es, a form found in the lungs.
sulphonic acid; see acidum sulphocarholicum. A. nid'ulans, a species which causes one form of
asep'tolin. Name of pilocarpine phenate, an oily white mycetoma. A. ni'ger, a pathogenic form,
hquid employed in the treatment of tuberculosis with black spores often present in the external
and malaria in doses of 3 i-2 (2.0-8.0) of a auditory meatus, A auricularis; see otomycosis.
.

0.02 per cent, aqueous solution hypodermically. aspermatism (i-spur'ma-tizm) [G. a- priv. -1- sperma,
asez'ual. Without sex. seed.] Deficiency of the secretion or incomplete
asfenyl (as-fer'il) [As, chemical symbol of arsenic, ejaculation of semen.
+ L. ferrum, iron, G. hyle, stuff.] Trade name
+ asper'mia. Aspermatism.
of a preparation, said to contain 23 per cent, asper'sion [L. aspersio, sprinkling.] A form of
arsenic and 18 per cent, iron; a greenish-yellow hydrotherapy in which water of a given tempera-
powder slightly soluble in water, employed in ture is sprinkled on the body.
doses of gr. ^—J (0.02-0.04) twice daily. asphyc'tic. i. Relating to or suffering from
ash. I. A
tree of the genus Fraxinus. z. What asphyxia. 2. Pulseless.

asphyx'ia [G. a- priv. -I- sphyxis, pulse.] i. Uncon-

remains after any substance has been burned.
ASH3. Hydrogen arsenide. sciousness due to suffocation or interference of
asialia (a-si-a'li-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- sialon, saliva.] any kind with oxygenation of the blood. 2.
Arrest] or diminution in the secretion of Absence of the pulse-beat. 3. Cyanosis, local
saliva. or general, through interference with the cir-
asitia (a-sish'I-ah) [G. a- priv. + sitos, food.] culation, a. liv'ida, a form of a. neonatorum
Anorexia; distaste for food. in which the skin is cyanotic, but the heart
asleep', i. In a state of sleep. 2. Paresthetic, not- is strong and the reflexes are preserved, a.

ing the sensation of numbness and tingling in an neonato'rum, a. occurring in the newborn,
extremity following temporary pressure on one of a. pall'ida, a form of a. of the newborn, in whicji
the nerve-trunks of the part. See ohdormiiion. the skin is pale, the pulse weak and slow, and the
AsjO;. Arsenous anhydride, arsenic trioxide, ordi- reflexes abolished, lo'cal a., stagnation of the
nary arsenic, often called arsenous acid, which circulation, sometimes resulting in gangrene, of
is properly HjAsOj. a limited part, especially of the fingers; one of the
aso'mus [G. a- priv. + soma, body.] A monster symptoms, usually associated with local syncope,
with only a rudimentary body of Raynaud's disease, traumat'ic a., pressure
AsO.OH(CH3)2. Cacodylic acid. stasis, ecchymotic mask. *
as"palaso'inus [G. aspalax, a mole, .-f soma, body.] asphyx'ial. Relating to asphyxia, asphyctic.
A monster with eventration at the lower part asphyx'iant. i. Asphyxiating, producing asphyxia.

of the abdomen, presenting three openings for 2. Anything, especially a gas, which produces
intestine, bladder, and sexual organs, asphyxia.
asparagin (as-par'a-jin). Althein, amidosuccina- asphyx'iate. To induce asphyxia,
to suffocate.
mide, occurs in rhombic crystals; obtained from as'pidin. Anactive principle, C23H28O7, contained
asparagus shoots and the roots of marshmallow, in aspidium, or filix mas.
belladonna, liquorice, and several other plants; aspid'ium (U.S.). Filix mas (Br.), the rhizome of
diuretic in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13). ^ Dryopteris fHix-mas, male fern; employed in
mer'cury, hydrargyri amidosuccinamas. the treatment of tapeworm, usually in the
iisparagin'ic acid. Aspartic, or aminosuccinic acid. form of the official oleoresin, in doses of oi~^
Aspar'agus. A genus of plants of the natural order (2.0-4.0).
Liliace(B. A. officina'Iis, an edible vegetable, the aspidosam'ine. A strong base, C^sH^jNjOj, derived
rhizome and roots of which, together with the from aspidosperma, or quebracho.
young edible shoots, are employed as a diuretic Aspidosper'ma [G. aspis(aspid'), a shield, -f sperma,
in doses of 3i-4 (4.0-16.0) of the fluidextract seed.] \ genus of trees of the family Apocyiacew,
a syrup, tincture, and extract are also used. the dried bark of a species of which, A. quebracho-
asparamide (as-par-am'id). Asparagin. bianco, is the drug quebracho, official in the
aspartic acid (as-par'tik as'id). Alpha-amino- U.S. P. as aspidosperma; it has been employed
succinic acid, COOH.CH.NH2.CH ..COOH, a in dyspnea in doses of 1115-60 (1.0-4.0) of the
protein cleavage product formed during pan- powder, or iti;6o (4.0) of the official fluid-
creatic digestion, and obtained also from extract.
beet root in the process of making sugar. aspidospermine (as"pid-o-spur'inen). A base,
aspastic (a-spas'tik) . Not spastic, non-spastic. CjjHjjNjO, obtained from aspidosperma, or
as'pect [L. aspectus, from aspiccre, to look at.] 1. quebracho.
 ;

ASPIRATE 91 ASTHENOPIA

as'pirate. i A sound having the breathing char- path fibers, nerve fibers originating from cells in
acter of the letter h. 2. To remove by suction or the gray matter of the spinal cord which pass
aspiration. upward or downward in one of the tracts of the
aspira'tion. The withdrawal, by suction, of air white columns to reenter the gray matter; they
or fluid from any of the body cavities, a. pneu- form a connection between different segments of
mo'nia, inhalation pneumonia.* the cord. a. mech'anism, the cerebral mechan-
as'piratoT. An
apparatus for removing fluid by ism whereby the memory of past sensations may
any of the body cavities; it con-
aspiration frorn. be compared or associated with present ones.
sists usually of a hollow needle or trocar and assu'rance [Fr. assurer, from L. assecurare; ad, to, +
cannula, connected by rubber tubing with a securus, secure.] Insurance.
bottle or metal cylinder from which the air is astasia (as-ta'si-ah) [G. unsteadiness, from a-
exhausted by means of a sjnringe or reversed air priv. -I- stasis, standing.] Inability, through
pump. muscular incoordination, to stand, altHough
as'pirin. Trade name for acetyl-salicylic acid, a the same muscles functionate normally if the
white powder employed in rheumatism and other patient is lying down. a. aba'sia, a similar
affections as a substitute for salicylic acid and its state in which the patient is unable either to
salts, in doses of gr. 10—15 (0.6—1.0). walk or to stand.
as"pirolith'ine. Trade name of a combination of asteatosis (as-te-S-to'sis) [G. a- priv. + steatoo,
aspirin with acid citrotartrate of lithium; recom- I turn into fat.] Diminished or arrested action of
mended in the treatment of gout and rheumatism the sebaceous glands, usually associated with
in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3-0.6). anhidrosis.
aspi'rophen. Atnido-acetparaphenetidin acetyl- One of the two rayed figures
as'ter [G. aster, star.]
salicylate; a white crystalline powder; antipyretic formed by the division of the centrosome in the
and antirheumatic in doses of gr. 10—15 (° ^""^ °)- initial stages of mitosis.
Asple'nium [G. asplenion, spleenwort.] A genus of astereognosis (S.-ster"e-og-no'sis) [G. a- priv. -t-
ferns of the order Filices. A. adian'tum, black stereos, solid, -f- gnosis, "knowledge.} Loss of the
maidenhair, and A. rutamura'ria, wall-rue, are power of judging of the form, of an object by
mildly stimulant and a.stringent. touch.
Asporocystin'ea [G. a- priv. -f- sporos, seed, H- aste'rion [G. asterios, starry.] A
craniometrio point
kystis, bladder ] A suborder of Coccidiidia in ' in the region of the posterolateral, or mastoid,
which the sporoblasts have no sporocysts. fontanelle, at the junction of the mastoid tem-'
asporogen'ic. Asporogenous. poral, parietal, and occipital bones, or where the
asporogenoiis (as-po-roj'en-us) [G. o- priv. -f sporos, lambdoid, occipitomastoid, and parietomastoid
spore, -I- gennao, I produce.] Not reproducing sutures meet.
by spores. aster'nal [G. a- priv. -t- sternon, sternum.] x. Not

aspo'rous [G. o- priv. -f sporos, spore.] Having no related to or connected with the sternum. 2.

spores, noting various bacteria. Without a sternum.

assafcetida. Asafetida. aster'nia [G. a- priv. + sternon, sternum.] Ihe
assana'tion. Sanitation. condition of being without a sternum.
Ass^zat's tri'angle (ah-sa-zS') Qules AssSsat, French as'teroid [G. aster, star, + eidos, resemblance.]
anthropologist, 1832-1876.] A
triangle formed Star-like; resembling a star or the mitotic figure,
by lines connecting the nasion, the alveolar and aster.
the nasal points. as'terol.Trade name for a mixture of ammonium
ass'ident [L. assidere, to sit by.] Concomitant, a. tartrate and mercuric paraphenolsulphonate a ;

signs, a. symp'toms, occasional signs or symptoms white powder, employed as an antiseptic in place
of a disease, as distinguished from the pathog- of corrosive sublimate.
nomonic, necessary, or constant signs. asthe'nia [G. a- priv. + sthenos, strength.] Weak-
assim'ilable. Capable of assimilation. ness, debility, a. pigmento'sa, Addison's disease.
make alike; ad, to, -|- neu"rocir'oulatory a., irritable heart, soldier's
assim'ilate [L. assimilare, to
similis, like.] absorb, and incorporate into
To heart, a symptom-complex nervous and cir-
of

the body, the digested food products. culatory irregularities associated with increased
assimila'tion [L. assimilare, to make alike.] The susceptibility to fatigue, observed especially in
process of incorporation of materials, prepared soldiers on active war service and occasionally,
by digestion from food, into the tissues of the in milder form, in civil life as well.
organism, a. pel'vis, an elongated pelvis in asthen'ic. Relating to asthenia; weak.
which the fifth lumbar vertebra or the first asthenom'eter [G. astheneia, weakness, + meiron,
measure.] 1. An instrument for measuring the
coccygeal vertebral segment assumes the appear-
degree of asthenopia. 2. An instrument for
ance of a sacral vertebral segment.
association (as-o-sl-a'shun) [L. associare, to join to measuring the degree of muscular weakness or —
ad, to, + socius, companion.] ±. society or A strength; dynamometer.
union of persons of Uke tastes or pursuits, or of the as'thenope. A subject of asthenopia; one suffering
same profession, for the promotion of the moral, trora weak sight.

material, or professional interests of the members,

asthenopia (as-then-o'pK-ah) [G. asthenes, weak, +
such as the American Medical Association, the dps, eye.] Weak eyestrain,
sight, acconun'o-
Medical Association, etc. 2. Union; dative a., eyestrain, a. due to errors of refraction
British
connection of persons, things, or ideas, a. exper'-
and the consequent strain on the ciliary muscle.
mus'cular a., a. due to imbalance of the extrinsic
iment or test, a word (the stimulus word) is spoken
with an- ocular muscles, ner'vous a., a., due to functional
to the .subject who replies immediately
by or organic nervous disease, neurasthen'ic a., a.
other word (the reaction word) suggested to him
clues occurring in nervous subjects who may be emme-
the first; it is employed as an aid in diagnosis,
{association tropes or whose ammetropia has been corrected
being given by the length of time
by glasses, ret'inal a., neurasthenic a. tar'sal
time) between the stimulus and
reaction wo'-ds,
word. a., a. due to abnormal pressure of the eyelids on
and also by the nature of the reaction
commissural fibers, short- the globe of the eye.
a. fi'beis, longitudinal
ASTHENOPIC 92 ASTROCYTE

vertical or horizontal meridian is hyperopic

asthenop'ic. Relating to or suffering from asthen-
while the other is myopic, reg'ular a., a. in which
opia.
the curvature in each meridian is equal through-
asthenox'ia [G. astheneia, weakness, + oxygen.\
out its course, but those of the different meridians
A condition of deficient oxygenation of the vary, and the meridians of greatest and least
products of cataboUsm.
curvature are practically at right angles to each
asthma (as'mah) [G. ] A disease marked by recur- simple
reversed a., a. against the rule,
rent attacks of dyspnea, due to some temporary
other,
hyperop'ic a., a. in which the curvature in one
change in the bronchial tubes or to a reflex spasm
of the diaphragm, alve'olar a., dyspnea due to meridian is hyperopic while that of the meridian
pulmonary emphysema, amyg'daline a., a. at right angles to it is normal, or emmetropic.
excited reflexly by enlargement of the f aucial
simple myop'ic a., a. in which the curvature of
by adenoid vegetations, a. noctur'-
tonsils or either the vertical or the horizontal meridian is
num, incubus, nightmare, bron'chial, a., the myopic while that of the other is normal.
common form of a. due to a narrowing of the lu- astigmatom'eter, astigmom'eter [G. ntctron, meas-
men of the bronchial tubes from spasm of the ure.] An instrament for measuring the degree
muscles in their walls, or to a congestive swelling and determining the variety of astigmatism.
of the bronchial mucous membrane, bronchit'- astigmatom'etry, astigmom'etry. Determination of
ic a., catarrhal a. car'diac a., an attack of dysp- the form and measurement of the degree of
nea, coming on usually in the night, associated astigmatism.
with cardiosclerosis, catar'rhal a., bronchitic a., astigmatoscope (as-tig'mat-o-skop) [astigmatism +
spasmodic dyspnea accompanying bronchitis. G. skopeo, I examine.] An instrument for
essen'tial a., nervous a., occurring without any detecting and measuring the degree of astig-
perceptible changes in the bronchial mucous matism.
membrane, grind'ers' a., the dyspnea of siderosis astigmatoscopy (as-tig-ma-tos'ko-pi) The use of
.

or silicosis, hay a., the asthmatic stage of hay- the astigmatoscope.

fever. Heb'erden's a., angina pectoris, horse a., astig'mia. .\stigmatism.
a. caused by entering a stable or being near astig'mic. Astigmatic.
horses, miners' a., the dyspnea of anthracosis, astigmom'eter. Astigmatometer.
na'sal a., reflex from deflected septum or other astigmom'etry. Astigmatometry.
intranasal trouble, pott'ers' a., the dyspnea of astig'moscope. Astigmatoscope.
pneumonoconiosis. re'flex a., symptomatic a. astigmos'copy. Astigmatoscopy.
re'nal a., the dyspnea accompanying disease of asto'matous [G. a- priv. + stoma, mouth.] i.
the kidneys, sex'ual a., reflex a. from venereal without a mouth, i. Without apertures, pores,
disease or excessive sexual excitement, stone a., a or stomata.
feeling of pressure and burning pain in the chest, asto'mia [G. a- priv. -f- stoma mouth.] The con-
caused by the presence of a bronchial calculus, dition of having no mouth.
relieved at once when the concretion is dislodged as'tomous. Astomatous.
by a violent paroxysm of coughing, symptomat'- astrag'alar. Relating to the astragalus.
ic a., a. occurring as a reflex in disease of the vis- astragalec'tomy [G. astragalos, astragalus,, +
cera, the nose, or other parts, thy'mic a., spas- ektome, excision.] Removal of the astragalus, or
modic closure of the larynx in children, due to the talus.
irritation of an enlarged thymus gland; called astragalocalcanean (as-trag"4-lo-kal-ka'ne-an). Re-
also Kopp's, Millar's, and Wichmann's asthma. lating to both the astragalus or talus, and the
asth'ma-weed. Lobelia. calcaneus, or os calcis.
asthmatic. Relating to or suffering from asthma. astrag"alofib'ular. Relating to both the astragalus,
asthmogen'ic [G. gennao, I produce.] Causing or talus, and the fibula.
asthma. astrag"aloscaph'oid. Talonavicular, relating to
asthmolysin (as-mol'i-sin) Trade name of a mix-
. both the astragalus, or talus, and the scaphoid
ture of extracts of the adrenal and pituitary or navicular bone.
bodies, recommended in the treatment of asthma astrag"alotib'ial. Relating to both the astragalus,
in doses of itBxv (i.o). or talus, and the tibia.
astigmat'ic. Relating to or suffering from astig- astrag'alus [G. astragalos, one of a set of dice.]
matism. Talus* [BNA], the ankle-bone.
astig'matism [G. a- priv. + stigma {stigmat-), a astrapho'bia. Astrapophobia.
point.] A condition of unequal curvatures along astrapophobia (as"trS-po-fo'bI-ah) [G. astrape,
the different meridians in one or more of the lightning, phobos, fear.] Morbid
-I- fear of
refractive surfaces (cornea, anterior or posterior thunder storms.
surface of the lens) of the eye, in consequence of astrict' [L. astringere, to contract.] To constrict, to
which the rays from a luminous point are not compress, to contract.
focussed at a single point on the retina, but are astric'tion. 1. Constipation. 2. Astringent action.
spread out as a line in one or another direction. 3. Compression for the arrest of hemorrhage.
a. against the rule is when the greater curvature astringe (a-strinj'). To act as an astringent.
or refractive power is in the horizontal meridian. astrin'gent [L. astringere, to contract.] 1. Causing
a. with the rule is when the greater curvature or contraction of the tissues. 3. Arresting secretion.
refractive power is in the vertical meridian, com- 3. Styptic, arresting hemorrhage. 4. An agent
pound hyperop'ic a., ». in which both vertical and which causes contraction of the tissues, arrest
horizontal meridians are hyperopic. compound of the secretion, or the control of bleeding.
myop'ic a., a. in which both vertical and horizontal as'troblast [G. aster, star, +blasios, germ.] A
meridians are myopic, cor'neal a., a. due to de- primitive cell developing into an astrocyte.
fect in the curvature of the corneal surface. astroclnet'ic [G. aster, a star, + kinesis, move-
irreg'ular a., a. in which different parts of the ment,] Relating to the movements of the
same meridian have different degrees of curva- attraction-sphere or central portion of the aster.
ture, lentic'ular a., a. due to defect in the astrocyte (as'tro-sit) [G. aster, star, 4- kvtos, hollow,
curvature of the lens, mixed a., a. in which the cell.] Spider cell.*
 ;

ASTROCYTOMA 93 ATELOCHIRIA

astrocyto'ma. A glioma composed of astrocytes a lack of coordination (imbalance) between the

with comparatively short fibriUse. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous sys-
as'troid [G. aster, star, + eidos, resemblance.] i. tems, cerebel'lar a., loss of muscular coordina-
Star-shaped. 2. An astrocyte. tion as a result of disease in the cerebellum.
as'trosphere. [G. aster, star, + sphaira, sphere.] hered'itary cerebel'lar a., a disease of later child-
Attraction-sphere. hood and early adult life, marked by ataxic gait,
ostTOStat'ic [G. aster, star, +
standing:]states, hesitating and explosive speech, nystagmus, and
Relating to the resting stage of' the attraction- sometimes optic neuritis; it is due to atrophy of
sphere. the cerebellum, hered'itary spi'nal a., Fried-
astycUn'ic [G. asty, city.] Policlinic. reich's a., sclerosis of the posterior and lateral
as'uTol. Trade name of a soluble double salt of columns of the spinal cord, occurring in children;
mercury and salicylic acid combined with an it is marked by ataxia in the lower extremities,
amino fatty acid, employed in the treatment of extending to the upper, followed by paralysis and
syphilis in doses of 15^30 (2.0) of a 10 per cent, solu- contractures, intrapsy'chic a., splitting of the
tion hypodermically twice a week. personality, schizophrenia (i). locomo'tor a.,
asylla'bia [G. a- priv. +
syllabe, syllable.] form A (i) motor a.; (2) tabes dorsalis. mo'tor a., in-
of alexia in which one recognizes the individual ability to perform coordinated muscular move-
but cannot comprehend them when ar-
letters, ments, spi'nal a., a. due to spinal-cord disease,
ranged collectively in syllables or words. as in tabes dorsalis. stat'ic a., inability to pre-
asy'lum [G. asylon.'] An institution for the housing serve the equilibrium in standing through loss
and care, \mder restraint, of those who by reason of the deep sensibility, vasomo'tor a., a form of
of tender age, mental or bodily infirmities, etc., are autonomic a. a lack of coordination between the
,

unable to care for themselves. In the United sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous sys-
States the public insane asylums are now usually tems in relation to the vasomotor phenomena,
called State hospitals. causing irregularity in the peripheral circulation-
asymbolia [G. o- priv. symbolon, an outward
-t- marked by alternations of pallor and suffusion,
sign.] I. Loss of the of appreciation by
power due to spasm of the smaller blood-vessels.
touch of the form and nature of an object. 2. A ataxiadynamia (a-taks"i-ad-i-nam'i-ah). Muscu,
form of aphasia in which the significance of signs lar weakness combined with incoordination.
is not appreciated. ataz'iagram. The record, or curve, made by
asymmet'iical. Not symmetrical, noting a lack means of an ataxiagraph.
of symmetry between two or more like parts. atax'iagraph [G. grapho, I write.] An instrument
asymm'etry [G. a- priv. + syn, with, -f- metron, for measuring the degree and direction of the
measure.] Want of symmetry, disproportion swaying of the head in static ataxia; a style
between two or more like parts. attached to the top of the head records the
asynchronism (a-sin'kro-nizm) [G. a- priv. + syn, movements on a disc supported just above it.
together with, + chronos, time.] Lack of syn- ataxiamne'sic. Relating to or suffering from
chronism or concurrence in time; a condition in both ataxia and amnesia.
which two or n:iore occurrences do not coincide ataxiaphasia (a-tak3"i-i-fa'zi-ah) G. o- priv. -|-
in point of time. taxis, order, + phasis, an affirmation, speech.]
asynclitism (a- sin'-kli-tizm). Absence of synclit- Inability to form connected sentences, al-
ism or parallelism between the axis of the pre- though single words may perhaps be used
senting part of the child and the pelvic planes in intelligibly.
childbirth, ante'rior a., Naegele* obliquity. atax'ic. Relating to, marked by, or suffering from
poste'rior a., Litzmann* obliquity. ataxia.
asynergia, asynergy (5-sin-ur'jI-ah, a-sin'ur-j!) [G. atax"iophe'mia [G. pheme, voice, speech.] Inco-
a- priv. -I- syn, with, + ergon, work.] Lack of ordination of the muscles concerned in speech
cooperation or working together of parts which production.
normally act in union. ataxiopho'bia [G. phobos, fear.] Morbid dread of
asyne'sia [G.] Stupidity. suffering from tabes dorsalis.
asyno'dia [G. o- priv. + syn, with, + odos, road, at'axy. Ataxia.
way.] Lack of coincidence in the orgasms in atelectasis (at"e-lek'ta-sis) [G. ateles, incomplete, -t-

sexual intercourse. ektasis, extension.] An airless condition of the

aS3rstemat'ic. Not systematic; not relating to one lungs, as in the fetus or of a portion of a lung in
;

later life, due to the pressure of a pleural effusion,

system or set of organs.
asystole (S-sis'to-le) [G. a- priv. + systole, a con-
blocking of the smaller bronchial tubes with
tracting.] Cardiac instiiSciency with dilatation. mucus, etc.

cardiac liver.* atelectat'ic. Relating to atelectasis.

hepafic a.,
atelia (a-tel'i-ah) [G. ateleia, incompleteness.]
asysto'Ua. Asystole.
asystol'ic. 1. Relating to asystole. 2. Not sys- Ateliosis.
ateliosis (at-el-I-o'sis) [G. ateles, incomplete.] In-
tolic.
complete development of the mind or the body
atac'tic. Ataxic,
L. tactilis, relating to touch.] or any of its parts; infantilism.
atactil'ia [G. a- priv. -I-
atelocar'dia [G. ateles, incomplete, -I- kardia, heart.]
Loss of the sense of touch.
Atavistic.
Incomplete development of the heart.
atav'ic.
atelocepha'lia [G. ateles, incomplete, -I- kephale,
at'avism [L. atavus, a great-great-great-grandfather,
a remote ancestor.] The appearance in an head.] Amonstrosity in which there is incom-
plete development of the head.
individual of any mental or physical character-
diathesis, peculiar atelochilia (S-tel-o-ki'H-ah) [G. ateles, imperfect, -I-
istic or tendency to disease or
manifest in the in- cheilos, a lip.] Defective development of the lip
to a remote ancestor, but not
harelip.
termediate generations.
atelochiria (a"tel-o-ki'ri-ah) [G. ateles, incomplete,
atavis'tic. Atavic, relating to atavism.
atax'ia [G. a- priv. -I- taxis, order.] A loss of the + cheir, hand.] Imperfect development of the
muscular coordination, autonom'ic a., hands.
power of
ATELOENCEPHALIA 94
ATMOTHERAPY

athy'mia [G. a- priv. + thymos, mind.] 1. Amentia.

ateloencephalia (a"tel-o-en-sg-fa'U-ah) [G. ateles,
incomplete, + enkephalos, brain.] Imperfect 2. Absence of emotivity, morbid impassivity.
3. Absence of the thymus
formation of the brain structures. gland or its secretion.
atelogloss'ia [G-. ateles, incomplete, + glossa, athymism (a-thi'mizm) [G. a- priv. + thymus.]
tongue.] Imperfect development of the tongue. Athymia (3) absence of the thymus gland or its
,

atelognathia (at"el-og-na'thI-ah) [G. ateles, incom- secretion with the phenomena dependent
plete, + gnathos, jaw.] Defective formation of thereon.
either jaw. athjrrea (i-thi're-ah) [G. a- priv. +
thyreos, a shield.]
atelomyelia (at"el-o-mi-e'll-ah) [G. ateles, incom- Absence of the thyroid gland, or deficiency of the
plete, -t- myelon, marrow.] Imperfect develop- thyroid secretion myxedema. ;

ment of the spinal cord. athyreo'sis. Athyrea.

atelopod'ia [G. ateles, incomplete, + pous(pod-), athy'ria. Athyrea.
foot.] Imperfect formation of the feet. athyroidemia (ath"i-roy-de'mI-ah). Absence of the
af'eloproso'pia [G. ateles, incomplete, + prosopon, upon the
thyroid secretion and the effect of its loss
face.] Imperfect development of the face. condition of the blood.
atelorrhachidia (at"el-o-ra-kld'J-ah) [G. ateles, in-
athyroidism (S-thi'roy-dizm). Absence of the thy-
complete, -I- rhachis, spinal column.] Defective
roid gland, or suppression of its secretion, with
formation of the vertebral column.
the symptoms consequent thereon; athyrea.
atelosto'mia [G. ateles, incomplete, + stoma,
mouth.] Imperfect development of the mouth atlan'tad. In a direction toward the atlas.
or its contained parts. atlan'tal. Relating to the atlas.
athe'lia [G. a- priv. + thele, nipple.] Absence of the atlan"todid'ynius. Atlodidymus.
nipples. atlantoepistrophic (at-lan"to-ep-I-strof'ik). Relat-
ather'mal [G. a- priv. + therme, heat.] Not ing to the atlas and the epistropheus, or axis;
thermal, noting mineral springs the water of atloaxoid, atlantoaxoid noting the rotary joint
;

which issues from the ground at a temperature between the two vertebrae,
below 60° F. atlan'to-odon"toid. Relating to the altas and the
ather'inancy [G. athermantos, not heated.] Imper- odontoid process of the epistropheus, or axis.
meability to heat. at'las [G. Atlas, in Greek mythology a Titan who
ather'manous. Absorbing radiant heat, not per- supported the earth on his shoulders.] First
meable to heat rays. cervical vertebra, articulating with the occipital
ather'mic. Apyretic. bone and rotating around the odontoid process
athennosystaltic (a-thur"mo-sis-tal'tik) [G. a- priv. of the epistropheus, or axis.
-f- thermos, hot, H- systaltikos, constringent.] atloax'oid. Relating to the atlas and the axis also ;

Not contracted or constringed by ordinary varia- written atlantoaxoid.

tions of temperature, said of certain tissues. atlodid'ymus [G. atlas + didymos, twin.] Atlanto-
atheroma (ath-e-ro'mah) [G. athere, gruel.] 1. A didymus a monster with two heads and but one
;

sebaceous cyst. 2. A disease of the arteries, con- neck.

sisting in a fatty degeneration of the wall, usually at'loid. Atlantal.
on the site of the lesions of arteritis deformans; atlo-occip'ital. Relating to the atlas and the
this may result in a pultaceous deposit in the occipital bone; also written atlanto-occipital.
arterial wall or in a breaking down of the intima atmiat'rics. [G. aim-is, vapor, -t- iatrikS, practice of
giving rise to an atheromatous ulcer. medicine.] ±. Pneumatotherapy. 2. The use of
ath"eroiiiato'sis. A more or less generalized athero- sprays in the treatment of diseases of the respira-
matous disease of the arteries. tory passages.
athero'matous. Relating to or affected by atheroma. atmidalbu'min [G. atmis, steam.] A modified pro-
atheronecrosis (ath"er-o-ne-kro'sis) [atheroma + tein obtained by the action of superheated
necrosis. ] The regressive alteration accompany- steam.
ing arteriosclerosis. atmidal'bumose. A
derivation of atmidalbumin.
atherosclerosis (ath"er-o-skle-ro'sis). A
senile type atmocausis (af'mo-kaw'sis) [G. atmx>s, steam, -|-
of arteriosclerosis, characterized by hyperplasia of causis, a burning.] The application of super-
the connective-tissue and elasticomuscular layers heated steam, by means of a two-way catheter, to
with atheromatous degeneration of the latter the mucous membrane, especially of the uterus;
athero'sis. Atheroma. employed as a substitute for curettage.
ath"erosper'ma. The sassafras tree of Australia atmocautery (at"mo-kaw'ter-I). An instrument
and New Holland, the bark of which is diuretic used in atmocausis.
and diaphoretic. at'mograph [G. atmos, vapor, +
gra.phd, I write.]
ath'etoid [G. eidos, appearance.] Resembling athe- Pneumatograph.
tosis, atmorysis. The separation of mixed gases, such as
atheto'sis [G. athetos,without position or place.] A the air, by passing them through a porous dia-
condition in which there is a constant succession phragm, the most diffusible gas passing through
of slow involuntary movements of flexion, exten- first.

sion, pronation, and supination of the fingers and atmom'eter [G. atmos, vapor, + metron, measure.]
hands, and sometimes of the toes and feet. An instnmient for measuring the degree of
athrep'sia [G. a- priv. -I- threpsis, nourishment.] evaporation.
I. Innutrition; specifically, marasmus of the at'mos [abbreviation of atmosphere.] A proposed
newborn. 2. Immunity to inoculation of tumor unit of air pressure, being the pressure of one dyne
cells, assumed by Ehrlich to be due to the ab- per square centimeter.
sence of the special nutritive substance upon at'mosphere [G. atmos, vapor, -|- sphaira, sphere.]
which the growth of tumors was supposed by I. The air. 2. Any gas surrounding a given
him to depend. body; a gaseous medium.
ath'repsy. Athrepsia. atmospher'ic. Relating to the atmosphere.
athrep'tic. Relating to or suffering from athrepsia; afmother'apy [G. atnws, vapor, + therapeia, treat-
marantic, marasmic. ment of disease.] Atmiatrics.
ATOCIA 9S ATROPHY
ato'cia [G. a- priv. + tokos, childbirth.] Nulliparity. atret'ic. Atresic.
at'om [G. atomos, indivisible, vtncut.] The smallest atreto- [G. airetos, imperforate.] A prefix denoting
possible quantity of an element which is capable imperforation of the part named, as atreioble-
of chemical action, pri'mary a., electron. pha'ria, eyelids; airetocys'ia, anus; atreiop'sia,
recoil' a., rest a., see recoil. pupil; atretorrhin'ia, nostrils.
atom'ic. Relating to an atom. a. the'ory, the a'tria. Plural of atrium.
theory that chemical compounds are formed by atrial (a'tri-al). Relating to an atrium.
the union of atoms in certain definite proportions. atricha (a,'tri-kah). A
group of non- flagellated
a. weight, the weight of an atom of a chemical bacteria.
element in relation to the weight of an atom of atrichia (S-trik'l-ah) [G. a- priv. +
ihrix(irich-),
hydrogen as a iinit. hair.] Absence of hair, congenital or acquired.
atomicity (at-om-is'i-t!) i The valence or combining
. . atrichosis (a-tri-ko'sis). Atrichia.
power of a substance. ^. The number of hydroxyl atrioventricular (at"rJ-o-ven-trik'u-lar). Relating
groups contained in a base or an alcohol. to both the atria and the ventricles of the heart;
atomiza'tion. Spray production; the reducing of a auriculoventricular. a. bvin'dle, fascic'ulus, node,
fluid to the form of spray. etc., see the nouns.
at'omizer. An apparatus for throwing a fluid in the atriplicism (g,-trip'li-sizm) . An intoxication
form of spray. caused by the ingestion of certain species of
aton'ic [G. atonia, languor.] Relaxed; without Atriplex, eaten as greens in China; it is marked
normal tone or tension. by pain and swelling of the fingers spreading
atonicity (at-o-nis'i-ti). Atony, lack of tone. to the forearm; bulte and ulcers form and the
at'onied. Atonic, marked by lack of tone. fingers may become gangrenous.
at'ony [G. atonia, languor.] Relaxation, flaccidity; a'triixm [L. antechamber.] i. [BNA] Auricle; the
lack of tone or tension. upper chamber of each half of the heart, receiv-
atophan (at'o-fan) [G. a- priv. +
L tophus.] Trade ing the blood from the venae cavse on the right
name of phenylcinchoninic acid, cinchophen, a side and from the pulmonary veins on the left,
compound of phenylquinolin and carlDonic acid and transmitting it to the ventricle of the
(C16H11O2N), said to increase greatly the excre- same side. z. The tympanum proper, that
tion of uric acid recommended in the treatment
; part of the tympanic cavity which lies imme-
of gout and acute rheumatism in doses of gr. diately to the inner aspect of the dnun mem-
4S~75 (3.0^5.0), with sodium bicarbonate brane. 3. The portion of the nasal cavity lying
52-4 (8.0-15.0), daily. below and behind the agger and above the
atop'ic [G. aiopos, out of place.] Displaced, mis- vestibule, anterior to the middle meatus. 4
placed. Infundibvilum (6). a. dex'trum, the a. of the
atopogno'sia [G. a^ priv. +
topos, place, -|- gnosis, right side of the heart which receives the blood
knowledge.] Inability to locate a sensation from the vense cav^. a. glott'idis, vestibulum
properly. laryngis. a. mea'tus me'dii, the anterior ex-
atopomenorrhea (at"o-po-men-or-re'ah) [G. atopos, panded portion of the middle meatus of the nose,
out of place.] Bleeding from some part other than just above the vestibule, a. pulmona'le, a.
the uterine cavity, taking the place of the normal sinistrum. a. sinis'trum, a. of the left side of
menstrual flow; vicarious menstruation. the heart which receives the blood from the
atox'yl [G. a- priv. -t- ioxikos, for the bow or arrow pulmonary veins, inf ec'tion a., the part through
(poisonous), + hyle, stufi.] Trade name of a which the pathogenic microorganisms gain
sodium salt of arsenic acid in which one hydroxyl entrance into the body in any given infectious
group has been replaced by aniline; a white disease,
crystalline powder, employed in the treatment of At'ropa [G. Atropas, one of the Fates cutting the
syphilis, malaria, and trypanosomiasis in doses thread of life.] A genus of plants of the natural
of gr. i-3 (0.03-0.2), or gr. 6(0.4) by hypoder- order Solanacece, which, properly considered, con-
mic injection every second day. It is called also tains but one species, viz., A. belladonn'a, the
arsamine. source of the drug belladonna. A. mandrag'ora,
atrabil'iary [L. atra bilis, black bile (cf. melancholy).] Mandragora officinarum, the mandrake, a narcotic.
Depressed in mind, melancholic, a. cap'sules, atro'phia [G. a- priv. 4- trophe, nourishment.]
suprarenal glands. Atrophy, infan'tum, tabes mesenterica.
a. a.

atrab'ilin. Trade name of a preparation of the musculo'rum lipomato'sa, pseudomuscular hyper-

suprarenal capsules; hemostatic, and vasocon- trophy, a. pilo'rum pro'pria, trichorrhexis no-

strictor in action. dosa.

atrabil'ious. Melancholic, atrabUiary.* atroph'ic. Relating to atrophy; atrophied.
atrachelocephalus (a-trak"e-lo-sef'a-lus) [G. a- priv. at'rophied. Marked by atrophy; wasted.
+ trachelos, neck, 4= kephale, head.] A monster atrophoderma (a-trof-o-dur'mah) [G. atrophia +
without head or neck. derma, skin.] Atrophy of the skin. a. al'bidum
atre'mia [G. a- priv. + tremo, I tremble.] Absence [L. albidus, whitish], pityriasis alba atrophicans,a
congenital thinness of the skin with diminution of
of tremor,
atrepsy (a'trep-si) [G. a- priv. +
trepho, I nourish.] pigment, usually most marked on the legs and
A condition in which a living virfisj such as, ^
arms. a. neurit'icum, glossy skin.* a.pigmento'-
cancer cells or bacteria, perishes after inoculation sum, xeroderma pigmentosum, Kaposi's* disease.
a. seni'le, the loss of fat, increased pigmentation,
into the tissues because of the absence of adapt-
able nourishment there; an hypothesis offered _
and other involutionary changes in the skin in old
immunity. age. a. stria'tum, the condition marked by the
in explanation of certain cases of
Relating to atrepsy. presence of lineae albicantes.
atrep'tic.
atre'sia [G. a- priv. -t- tresis, a hole,] Congenital atrophodermato'sis. Any cutaneous affection in

absence or pathological closure of a hormal

which a prominent symptom is atrophy of the skin.
atrophoder'mia. Atrophoderma.
opening or passage, a. hymena'lis, closure of the
at'rophy [G. o- priv. + trophe, noimshment.] A
vagina by an imperforate hymen.
Relating to atresia; imperforate. wasting of the tissues of a part or of the entire
atre'sic.
ATROPHY 96 AUCHMEROMYIA LUTEOLA

body, acute yellow a. of the liver, a disease charac- attached to a hospital who visits the patients at
terized by rapid fatty degeneration of the paren- stated times and gives directions to the house-
chyma cells of the liver, with atrophy arid soften- physician regarding their treatment, a. staff, the
ing of the organ its chief symptoms are jaundice,
;
entire body of attending physicians and surgeons
hemorrhages into the skin and from the mucous attached to a hospital, a. surgeon, a surgeon
membranes, gastric disorders, and mental dis- attached to a hospital who visits the patients at
turbances, arthrit'ic a., a. of the muscles which stated -times, performs major operations, and
move a chronically inflamed, especially tubercu- directs the house surgeon in the management of

lous, joint, brown a., a form of degeneration of the cases imder his charge.
the heart wall, in which the muscle is firmer than atten'uant [L. attenuare, to make thin.] x. Dilut-

normal, of a dark reddish brown color, and ing; making thin, said of fluids. 2. A
diluent;

reduced in volume; the muscle fibers become a medicine supposed to "thin the blood"; an
pigmented, especially about the nuclei, and lose agent which renders the secretions and excretions
their striations more or less completely, con- more fluid.
cen'tric a., a. of a hollow viscus, like the heart, in attenuate (i-ten'u-at). i. To dilute, to make
which the size of the cavity remains the same or thinner, n. To reduce the virulence of a patho-

is lessened, cyanotic a., a. due to destruction of genic microorganism.

the parenchymatous cells of an organ in conse- attenua'tion. i. Dilution, thinning. 2. Diminu-

quence of chronic venous congestion, cyanotic tion of virulence in an organism, obtained through
a. of the liver, nutmeg liver.* excen'tric a., a. of heating, cultivation on certain media, and other
a hollow organ, like the heart, in which the size of ways. 3. In homeopathy, dynamization.

its cavity is increased, fatty a., fatty infil- at'tic. Recessus epitympanicus [BNA].
tration secondary to an atrophy of the essential atticoantrotomy (at"i-ko-an-trot'o-ml). Antroat-
elements of an organ or tissue, gen'eral a., ttcotomy.
emaciation, marasmus (in infants), gray a., a atticomas'toid. Relating to the attic of the
degeneration of the optic disc in which it assumes tympanum, and the mastoid antrum or cells.
a grayish or bluish gray color, hered'itary mus'- atticot'omy [G. tome, incision.] Operative opening
cular a. of perone'al type, Charcot-Marie type, a into the tympanic attic.
familial muscular atrophy affecting primarily the att'itude. Posture position of the body and limbs.
;

anterior muscles of the legs, and later sometimes defense a., one automatically assumed to avert
the muscles of the forearms and hands, in'fantile discomfort or pain, pas'sionate a., an atti-
a., marasmus, athrepsia. lin'ear a., morphoea tude expressive in face and figure of extreme
occurring in stripes or lines the atrophic lines seen
; emotion.
on the skin of the abdomen following pregnancy. attoU'ens [L. aitollere, to liftup.] Lifting up,
myopath'ic a., muscular a. due to disease of the raising, a. au'rem, a. auric'ulam, musculus
muscle itself and not of paralytic or central auricularis superior [BNA]. a. oc'uli, musculus
nervous origin, neurit'ic a., muscular a. due to rectus superior of the eye.
neuritis or degeneration of the nerves, beginning attrac'tion [L. aiirahere, to draw toward.] The
usually in the lower extremities, progres'sive tendency of two bodies to approach each other.
mus'cular a., atrophy of the cells of the anterior a. par' tide, centriole, a minute spot in the center
comua of the spinal cord, resulting in a slow of the a. sphere, a. sphere, the centrosome with
progressive wasting and paralysis of the muscles the surrounding radially arranged protoplasm; a
of the extremities and of the trunk, quan'titative small body in the nucleus, or in the cytoplasm near
a., hypoplasia, red a., a. of an organ associated the nucleus, supposed to be an independent and
with chronic passive congestion, seen sometimes indispensable constituent of the cell; it plays an
in the liver in connection with disease of the important part in mitosis, cap'illary a., the force
heart, remit'ting spi'nal a., chronic anterior which causes fluids to rise through very fine
poliomyelitis, se'nile a., a general wasting of the tubes or the pores of a loose material, chem'ical
tissues in old age due to the slowing of the ana- a., the force impelling atoms of different elements
bolic processes, se'rous a., a degenerative change or molecules to tmite to form new substances or
occurring in fat-cells, the fat being absorbed and compounds, magnet'ic a., the force which
its place being taken by a serous fluid, spi'nal a., draws iron or steel toward a magnet.
tabes dorsalis. att'rahens [L. aiirahere, to attract.] Drawing
atropi'na (U.S. and Br.). Atropine, Ci7H23N03, an toward, noting a. muscle (aiirahens aurem or
alkaloid obtained from Airopa belladonna; anti- auriculam) rudimentary in man, which tends to
spasmodic, antisudorific, sedative, mydriatic, and draw the pinna of the ear forward; musculus
narcotic; dose, gr. ir^ij— 7V (0.0003-0.0008). auricularis anterior [BNA].
atropi'nse sul'phas (U.S. and Br.) atropine sulphate, attraxin (a,-trak'sin). A
hypothetical substance
occurs in small white crystals, very soluble in which is supposed to have a chemotactic influ-
water; dose, x^tI~4V (0.0004-0.0016). ence upon certain cells of the body.
atropine (at'ro-pen). Atropina. attrition (a-trish'un) [L. atterere, to rub at.] Wear-
at'ropinism. The symptoms of poisoning by atro- ing away by friction or rubbing.
pine or belladonna. atyp'ical [G. a- priv. +typikos, conformed to a type.]
at'roscine. An alkaloid isomeric with hyoscine, - Not typical; not corresponding to the normal
obtained from Scopola carnioUca, Scopolina form or type.
airopoides; it is optically inactive, according to Au [L. aurum,
gold.] Chemical symbol of the
Hesse who first prepared it from scopolamine. element gold. ^,
-

at'tar of rose [Pers. aitara, to smell sweet,] Oleum* A.u. Abbr. of Angstrom's* unit.
rosa3. Aubert's phenom'enon (o-bair'). A perpendicular
atten'dant [L. a«e«(iere, to give heed to.] i. Attend- line appears to incline to one side when the ob-
ing* physician. 2. A
nurse or any non-medical server turns the head to the opposite side.
assistant to the physician in the hospital. Auchmeromyia lute'ola (awk-mer-o-mi'yah lu-te'o-
attend'ing. Accompanying; waiting upon; looking lah) [G. auc.hmeros, dirty, -|- myia. fly; L. luteo-
after or caring for. a. physician, a physician lus, yellowish.] Musca luteola, a fly found in
 STEDMAN'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY

^=^£</e

&<^ Soliiari/-ff/onds

Vesse/s o/ ifie
cranial rnuc. mem.

Co/on and J^ec-fw

B/odder

^^"^^
\^ Genita/s
G.pelv.

Systems. Meyer and Gottlieb.)

Diagram of the Autonomic and Sympathetic Nervous
(After
AUCHMEROMYIA LUTEOLA 97 AURINASAL

Nigeria and the Congo, the larva of which is a the anterior part of the third ventricle of the
blood-sucker. brain.
AuClj. Auric chloride, trichloride of gold. aulophyte (aw'lo-fit) [G. aulas, tube, + phyton,
auctioneer's cramp (awk-shun-erz' kramp). A
pro- plant.] A plant living within another, but not
fessional neurosis, marked by a, generally uni- as a parasite.
lateral, spasm of the orbicularis oris muscle Aulus, France (o-liis'). Saline waters, 68° F. to
audile (aw'del). Relating to audition; specifically, °
5 5 F. Used by drinking and bathing, in syphilis,
noting the type of mental imagery in which the anemia, chlorosis, hepatic diseases, arthritic
person recalls most readily that which he has affections, and gastroenteric debility. June i to
heard; contrasted with visile and motile. October i.
audiometer (aw-dl-om'e-tur) [L. audire, to hear, + aura (aw'rah) [L. breeze, oddr, gleam of light.] A
G. meiron, measure.] Acoumeter. peculiar sensation felt by the patient immediately
audiphone (aw'de-fon) [L. audire, to hear, + G. preceding an epileptic attack; it may be a pares-
phone, sound.] A fan-shaped piece of vulcanite, thesia in the epigastric region or in the hand or leg
the upper edge of which is pressed against the ascending to the head, noises in the ears, flashes
upper teeth; collecting the sound waves, it of light, vertigo, -etc. it is called auditory, epigas-
;

transmits them to the auditory apparatus by tric, vertiginous, etc., according to its seat or
bone-conduction. nature, intellec'tual a., a dreamy, detached, or
audition (aw-dl'shun) [L. audire, to hear.] Hearing. reminiscent mental state preceding the epileptic
chromat'ic a., the subjective perception of color paroxysm ; also called reminiscent aura.
caused by the hearing of certain sounds, gus'ta- aural (aw'ral). i. Relating to the ear (auris). a.
toiy a., a form of synesthesia in which a sen- Relating to an aura.
sation of taste is noted when certain sounds are auramine (aw'r4-men). Yellow pyoctanin.
heard. auran'tiuiii [L.] Orange, auran'tii ama'ri cor'tex
auditory (aw'dl-to-rl). Relating to the perception (U.S.), cortex aurantii (Br.), bitter orange peel,
of sound, a. ar'tery, arteria auditiva, a branch the dried rind of the unripe fruit of Citrus vul-
of the basilar which accompanies the auditory garis, used for flavoring auran'tii dul'cis cor'-
nerve through the internal auditory meatus. tex (U.S.), sweet orange peel, the recently
a. canal', a. meatus, a. cells, columnar cells in separated outer rind of the ripe frtut of Citrus
the epithelium of the labyrinth and the organ aurantium; used for flavoring, auran'tii flo'res,
of Corti. a. epithe'lium, the epithelium lining the orange flowers.
labyrinth "where the filaments of the a. nerve are auric (aw'rik). Relating to gold (aurum).
distributed, a. hairs, cilia on the free surface auricle (aw'rik-1). i. Auricula (1,2,3), '' In bot-

of the a. cells, a. mea'ttts, meatus acusticus, ex- any, zoology, and entomology, any ear-shaped
temus and intemus. a. nerve, nervus acusticus. appendage. 3. A
form of ear-trumpet for the
a. teeth, tooth-like projections in the floor of the use of the deaf.
scala media of the labyrinth, a. ver'tigo, auric'ula [L. dim. of auris, ear.] Auricle, i.
Mteifere's* disease., a. ves'icle, otic vesicle, a [BNA] Pinna, the projecting shell-like structure
vesicular structure in the embryo from which a on the side of the head, constituting, with the
part of the membranous labyrinth is developed. external auditory meatus, the external ear. 2.
Audouln's micros'poron (o-dwan') [Jean Victor The upper receiving chamber of each half of the
Audouin, Paris physician, 1797—1841.] Micros- heart, atrium [BNA]. 3. [BNA] Auricular ap-
poron audouini. pendix, a. small conical muscular pouch forming
Auenbrugger's sign (ow'en-broog-er) [Leopold the upper portion of each auricle (atrium) of the
Joseph Auenhrugger, Austrian physician, 1732- heart.
1809.] An epigastric prominence noted in cases auricular (aw-rik'u-lar). Relating to the ear, or to
of marked pericardial effusion. an aiu4cle in any sense, a. fissure, fxssura
Au'er's bod'ies [John Auer, American physician, tympanomastoidea. a. point, auriculare.
*i875.] Rod-like bodies of uncertain nature auriculare, pi. auricula'ria (aw-rik-u-la're) [L. neut.
found in the lymphocytes in cases of leucemia. of auricularis.] Aurictdar point, a craniometrical
Auerbach's gan'glia (ow'er-bahkh) [Leopold Auer- point at the center of the opening of the external
bach, German anatomist, 1828-1897.] Numer- auditory canal or, in certain cases, the middle of
;

ous ganglia in the myenteric plexus of the sym- the upper edge of this opening.
pathetic. A.'s plex'us, plexus myentericus [BNA]. auricul^is (aw-rik-u-Ia'ris) [L. auricular.] 1. The

AuErecht's disease' (owf'rekht) [Emanuel Aufrecht, little finger, so called because used to clean the
German physician, *i844.] Infectious jaundice auditory meatus. 2. Nervus* atuicularis magnus.
with parenchymatous lesions in the kidneys and auric"ulocra'nial. Relating to the auricle or pinna
liver. A.'s sign, diminished breath sounds in the of the ear and the cranium.
trachea just above the jugular notch, in cases of auriculotemporal (aw-rik"u-lo-tem'po-ral). Relat-
stenosis. ing to the auricle or pinna of the ear and the
augmentor (awg-men'tor) [L. augmentum, increase.] temporal region, noting the nervus* auriculo-
A hypothetical substance supposed to increase the temporalis.
action of an auxetic or a kinetic, a. nerves, auric"uloventric'ular. Atrioventricular, a. bim'-
accelerator nerves, called augmentor because their dle, His's band or bundle.
auriginous (aw-rij'en-us) [L. auriginosus, golden.]
action is to increase the force as well as the rapid-
ity of the heart beat. Icteric, jaundiced.

augnathus (awg-na'thus) [G. au, again, 4- gnathos, aurilave (aw'ri-lav) [L. auris, ear, +
lavare, to wash.]

jaw.] Amonster with a double mandible. A brush or sponge on the end of a slender rod,
aula (awaah) [G. aule, hall.] The anterior portion for cleaning the ear.

of the third cerebral ventricle.

aurina'rium. Amedicated bougie or supposi-
The mem- tory, with gelatin or cacao butter basis, for inser-
aulatela (aw-U'tS-lah) [G. tela, web.]
tion into the external auditory meatus.
brane covering the aula.
Relating to the aula. aurinasal (aw-re-na'zal) [L. auris, ear, + nasus,
aulic (aw'lic).
The choroid plexus in nose.] Relating to the ear and the nose.
auliplexus (aw-le-plek'sus).
 ;

AURIPIGMENTUM 98 AUTODERMIC

auripigmen'tum [L. aurum, gold, + pigmenium, autechoscope (aw-tek'o-skop) [G. autos, self,4
sound, + skopfo, I examine.] Auto
pigment, so called because of its bright yellow echo,
color.] Orpiment. stethoscope.
auripuncture (aw-rl-pung'chur) [L. auris, ear, + auteme'sia [G. autos, self, + emesis, vomiting.] Id-

punctura, puncture.] Incision of the membrana iopathic or functional vomiting.

tympani paracentesis of the tympanum.
;
autism (aw'tizm)" [G. autos, self.] A tendency to
auris (aw'ris) [L.] Ear. a. exter'na, the external ear, morbid self-absorption and anthropophobia.
autistic (aw-tis'tik) [G. aulas, self.] Self-centered.
auricle,* pinna, a. inter'na, internal ear, laby-
rinth.* a. me'dia, the middle ear, tympanum.* a. par'asite, a parasite descended from the tissues
au'riscalp, auriscal'pium [L. auris, ear, + scalpere, of the host..
to scrape.] x. A scraping instrument used in auto- (aw'to) [G. autos, self.] A prefix denoting
operations on the ear. 2. An earpick. self, acting upon oneself, performed
or produced
auriscope (aw'ri-skop) [L. auris, ear, + skoped, by oneself, sufficient to oneself, etc.
I view.] An ear speculum,* otoscope. autoanticom'plement. An anticomplement, formed
aurist (aw'rist) [L. auris, ear.] Otologist, one who within the body of an animal, which neutralizes
devotes special attention to diseases of the ear. the complement of its own serum.
aurococcus (aw'ro-kok'us) [L. aurum. gold, + G. autoaudible (aw"to-aw'di-bl). Audible to oneself,
kokkos. berry.] Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus. said of sounds produced within one's own
Auro'ra Springs, Missouri. Saline-chalybeate waters body.
four principal springs. Used by drinking and autoblast (aw'to-blast) [G. autos, self, -t- blastos,
bathing in rheumatism, renal diseases, tubercu- germ.] An independent cell; bacterium; proto-
lous disorders, dyspepsia, and general debility. zoon.
aurum (aw'rum) [L.] Gold; a yellow metal, one of autocatalysis (aw-to-kat-al'i-sis) [G. autos, self, -1-
the elements, symbol Au, atomic weight 197.2. catalysis.] Catalysis in which certain of its pro-
The pure metal is used for iilling cavities in the ducts act themselves as catalysts, thus hastening
teeth some of the salts are employed in medicine.
: or modifying the process.
au'ri bro'midum, gold bromide, a brown powder, autocatalytic (aw-to-kat-S-lit'ik). Relating to auto-
employed in epilepsy, headache, and as a nerve catalysis.
sedative, in doses of gr. -3—^ (0.013-0.03). au'ri autocatheterism (aw-to-kath'e-ter-izm). Passage of
chlo'ridum, gold chloride, orange colored deli- a catheter upon oneself.
quescent crystals; has been employed locally as autochthon (aw-tok'thon) [G. autos, self, + chthon,
a caustic in cancer, aii'ri et so'dii chlo'ridum land.] An aboriginal, one native to the place
(U.S.), double chloride of gold and sodium, a inhabited.
deliquescent orange-colored powder composed of autochthonous (aw-tok'thon-us). i. Native to the

equal parts of anhydrous gold chloride and sodium place inhabited, aboriginal. Originating in
-.£.

chloride alterative and tonic in doses of gr. j^-xV

; the place where found said of a disease originat-
;

(0.003—0.006). ing in the part of the body where found, or of a

auscult (aws-kulf). To auscultate. disease acquired in the place where the patient is.
auscultate (aws'kul-tat) [L. auscuUare, to listen.] a. parasite, a parasite descended from the tissues
To listen to the sounds made by the thoracic or of the host.
abdominal viscera, as a. means of diagnosis. autocinesia, autocinesis (aw-to-sin-e'sl-ah, aw-to-
auscultation (aws-kul-ta'shun). Listening to the sin-e'sis) [G. aulas, self, -I- kinesis, movement.]
sounds made by the thoracic or abdominal viscera, 1. Motility, as distinguished from movement im-
by the contracting muscles, by the blood in the pressed upon a body by the surrounding medium.
vessels, by the fetus in uiero, or to sounds in any 2. Voluntary motion.

of the other internal parts of the body; employed autocinet'ic. Relating to autocinesis.
as a diagnostic method. See also auscultatory autoc'lasis [G. autos, self, + klasis, breaking.]
percussion.* imme'diate a., a. by application of A breaking up or rupturing from intrinsic or
the ear to the surface of the body, me'diate a., a. internal causes.
practised by means of a stethoscope, tri'angle au'toclaye [G. autos, self, +
L. clavis, a key; the m
of a., see triangle. sense of self-locking.] i. An apparatus for steril-

auscultatory (aws-ktil'ta-to-r(). Relating to aus- ization by steam under pressure it consists of a

;

cultation, a. percus'sion, see percussion. strong closed boiler containing a small quantity
auscultoscope (aws-kul'to-skop). Stethoscope. of water and, in a wire basket, the articles to be
Auspitz's dermato'sis (ows'pits) [Heinrich Auspitz, sterilized. 2. To sterilize in an autoclave
German physician, 1835-1886.] Granuloma autoconduction (aw"to-kon-duk'shun). A method
fungoides. of general darsonvalization in which the patient
Austra'lian blight. Angioneurotic edema. is surrounded by the solenoid which forms the
autacoid (aw'tS-koyd) [G. aulas, self, -I- akos, a secondary spiral of the transformator.
remedy.] Any onp of the internal secretions; autocys'toplasty. Autoplasty of the bladder.
a specific organic substance formed by the cells autocytorysin. An antibody destructive to the
of an organ and passed from them into the cells, produced in one's own body by retained de-
circulating fluid to produce effects upon other generated cells acting as an antigen.
organs similar to those produced by drugs autocytolysis (aw"to-si-tol'i-sis) [G. autos, self, +
(Schafer). exci'tatory a., hormone, inhib'itory kylos, ceW, + lysis, a loosening.] i. The self-
a., restrain'ing a., chalone. digestion of cells by the enzymes which they
au'tan. Trade name for u preparation said to be normally contain. 2. Cell-destruction effected
a* mixture of barium peroxide, 66, and paraform by a lysin formed in one's own body.
34 parts; used in solution for sterilization and autocytotox'in. Autocytolysin.
disinfection. autodermic (aw-to-dur'mik) [G. autos, self, +
autecic, autecious, autoecious (aw-te'sik, aw-te'shus) derma, skin.] Relating to one's own skin;
[G. autos, same, +
oikion, house.] Noting a noting the method of skin-grafting in which the
parasite which infests, throughout its entire exis- grafts are taken from one's own skin, dermato-
tence, the same host. autoplasty.
AUTODIDACT 99 AUTONOMIC
autodidact' [G. autos, self, +
didaktos, taught.] autointox'icant. i. Self-poisoning. 2. Any toxic
Self-taught; one who has taught himself. agent active in autointoxication.
autodiges'tion [G. autos, self.] Autolysis. autointoxication (aw"to-iri-tox-l-ka'shun) [G. autos,
autodyne (aw'to-din). Trade name of an analgesic self.] Self-poisoning; the result of the absorption
preparation. of the waste products of metabolism or of the
autoecholalia (aw"to-ek-o-la'H-ah) [G. autos, self, products of decomposition within the intestine.
+echolalia.] The repetition of some or all the dyscrat'ic a., a metabolic disturbance resulting
words in one's own statements. in fctpathological alteration in the body fluids.
intes'tinal a., copremia, stercoremia.
autoe'cic, autoe'cious. See autecic.
autoerotic (aw-to-er-ot'ik). Attracted sexually to-
autoisolysin (aw-to-i-sol'is-in). A
lysin which is
destructive to the cells both of animals of the
ward oneself.
same species and of the individual in whose body
autoeroticism, autoerotism (aw-to-er-ot'I-sizm, aw-
it has been elaborated.
to-er'o-tizm) [G. autos, self, -|- erotikos, relating to
autokinesis (aw-to-ldn-e'-sis). Autocinesis.
love.] Sexual self-love.
autokinetic (aw-to-kin-et'ik). Autocinetic.
autog'amous. Relating to or characterized by autolaiyngos'copy. Inspection of one 's own larynx.
autogamy. autolesion (aw'to-le"zhun) [G. autos, self.] A self-
autogamy (aw-tog'S-riil) [G. autos, self, -I- gamos, inflicted injury.
marriage.] i. A
sort of abortive conjugation, or autologous (aw-tol'o-gus) [G. autos, self, 4- logos,
extreme inbreeding, in which fission of the cell relation.] Normal to the part, said of a tumor
nucleus occurs without division of the cell, the composed of tissue or cells occurring naturally
two pronuclei so formed reuniting to form the in the same part of the body, or of a protein
syncaryon. In other cases the cell body also '
normally present in the fluids or tissues of the
-
divides, but the two daughter cells immediately body.
conjugate; automixis. 2. In botany, self-ferti- autolysate (aw-tol'i-sat). The specific product
lization. The opposite of allogamy. of autolysis.
autogen'esis [G. autos, self, -1- genesis, origin.] Self- . autol'ysin. Anhemolysin in the plasma which will
production abiogenesis.
; destroy the blood cells of the same individual.
autogenefic, autogen'ic. Relating to autogenesis; autol'ysis [G. autos, self, + lysis, solution.] i . Self-
self-producing, self-produced. digestion; dissolution of cells by products of their
autogenous (aw-toj'en-us) [G. autos, self, -f gennao, owii secretion. 2. Removal of worn-out or ne-
I produce.] i. Autogenetic. ^. Endogenous, crotic tissues and cells by solution with an intra-
originating within the body or a part. a. u'nion, cellular ferment. 3. Spontaneous post-mortem
in dentistry, the union of two pieces of metal dissolution of organs and tissues which have not
without solder. undergone decomposition.
autognosis (aw-tog-no'sis) [G. autos, self, -f autolyt'ic. Relating to autolysis.
gnosis, knowledge.] Self-knowledge, recogni- automat'ic [G. automatos, self-moving.] i. "Spontane-
tion of one's own character, tendencies, and ous, not induced by outside causes. 2. Involun-
peculiarities. tary or not voluntary, performed unconsciously.
au'togram [G. autos, self, -|- gramma, letter.] A mark a. ventric'ular contrac'tions, escaped* ventricular
on the skin either raised or colored, following contractions.
pressure by a bliuit instrument. automatism (aw-tom'^-tizm). i. A state of inde-
autog'raphism. Dermographism. pendence of the will or of central innervation, said
autohemolysin (aw-to-he-mol'i-sin). An antibody of the heart's action. 2. A condition in which
causing destruction of the red blood corpuscles in naovements are made without tonscious exercise of
the same animal in whose blood it is formed. the will. 3. A condition in which a neuropathic
autohypno'sis [G. autos, self, + hypnos, sleep.] or psychopathic individual is consciously or un-
Hypnosis induced in a very susceptible person, consciously, but involuntarily, compelled to the
who has previously frequently been hypnotized, performance of certain acts, often purposeless and"
by a mere concentration of attention to the fact sometimes foolish or harmful, am'bulatory a.,
of hypnosis. a. which takes the form of moving about aim-

autohypnot'ic. Relating to autohypnosis. lessly, of tramping (vagabondage), or of travel-

autoimmunization (aw"to-im-u-ni-za'shun) The . ing; poriomania, fugue.
natural process of immunization against a disease automat'ograph [G. grapho, I write.] An instru-
effected by an attack of the same. ment for recording automatic movements.
autoinfection (aw-to-in-fek'shun). Infection by automix'is [G. autos, self, + mixis, intercourse.]
germs or toxins produced within the body, as Autogamy.
exemplified in the occurrence of a succession of automysophobia (aw-to-mi-so-fo'bl-ah) [G. autos,
boils. self, mysos, dirt, -|- fhobos, fear.] An insane
-I-

autoinfusion (aw-to-in-fu'zhun). Forcing the blood imagining that one is filthy or smells bad.
from the extremities by the application of an autonomic (aw-to-nom'ik) [G. autos, self, -1- nomas,
Esmarch bandage, in order to raise the blood- law.] Self-controlling, independent of outside
pressure and fill the vessels in the vital centers; influences; spontaneous, a. ner'vous sys'tem,

resorted to after excessive loss of blood or other parasympathetic or craniosacral nervous system,
body fluids. that portion of the vegetative nervous system,
autoinoculable (aw"to-in-ok'u-la-bl). Susceptible the fibers of which are derived, from the mid-
of autoinoculation. brain, medulla, and sacral cord; the sympathetic
autoinoculation (aw"to-in-ok"u-la'shun) [G. autos, and autonomic systems are antagonistic, yet
self, -I- inoculation.] A
secondary infection both furnish fibers to the heart, to the muscles
originating from a focus of disease already present of the genital organs, and to the organs having
in the body; it may be local, as when an ulcerated smooth muscles; the vagus is the most important
surface produces another sore in a part in contact nerve of the autonomic system. (See plate.)
with it, or systemic, by the setting free of bacteria By some writers the terms sympathetic and
or their products from a local infective focus. autonomic are used synonymously.
AUTONOMIN A UTOT YPHIZ ATION

autonomin (aw-ton'o-min) (see autonomic] A within the organism and not introduced from
without.
hypothetical hormone supposed to preside over
autoserotherapy (aw-to-se-ro-ther'a-pl). The treat-
the endocrine glands, correlating their activity,
inhibiting or stimulating the secretion of each ment of certain conditions, such as pleural effu-
sions and dermatoses, by hypodermic injection of
as the needs of the system demand.
auton'omous. Autonomic. the patient's own blood-serum.
autose'rum. A therapeutic serum obtained from
autonomy (aw-ton'o-ml) [G. autos, self, + nomas,
the patient's own blood or cerebrospinal fluid.
law.] Independence of outside control, or of con-
trol by the cerebrospinal nerve centers functional ;
autosite (aw'to-sit) [G. autos, self, +
sitos, food.] i.

The principal twin in a double monstrosity; the

independence.
one which carries on the vital processes, nourishing
autopath'ic. Idiopathic.
itself as well as the lesser twin, or parasite. 2.
autopathog'raphy [G. awios, self, + pathos, suffering,
A single monster with organs sufficiently developed
+ grapho, I write.] The writing of one's own
to be capable of postnatal existence.
medical history. autosomatognostic (aw"to-so"mat-og-nos'tik) [G.
autop'athy [G. autos, self, +
pathos, suffering.] A autos, self, -t- sdnia(sdmat-), body, +
gnostos,
disease originating without apparent cause; an known.] Relating to the sense of possession of a
idiopathic disease. part due to memory of previous feeling there, even
autopepsia (aw-to-pep'sl-ah) [G. autos, self, + when the part is no longer present, as after ampu-
pepsis, digestion.] Self-digestion, said of ulcera- tation.
tion of the gastric mucous membrane by its own autosome (aw'to-som) [G. autos, self, -I- soma, body.]
secretion. One of the ordinary or homeotypical chromo-
autopha'gia [autos, self, + phago, I eat.] Biting somes which are believed always to be equally
one's own flesh. distributed among the germ-cells, differing in this
autophobia (aw-to-fo'bJ-ah) [G. autos, self, + phobos, and other respects from the allosomes.*
fear.] t. Morbid fear of being egotistical, u. autosteth'oscope. A
stethoscope for use in listening
Dread of being alone with oneself. to the sounds of one's own organs.
autophonomania (aw to-fo-no-ma'ni-ah) [G. autos, autos'uggestibility (aw"to-sug-jes"ti-bil'I-tI). An
self, -f phonos, murder, -f mania, frenzy.] In- unstable mental state in which autosuggestion
sane impulse to self-destruction. readily occurs.
autophony (aw-tof'o-n!) [G. autos, self, -I- phoni, autosuggestion (aw"to-sug-jes'chun). i. Thevolvin-

sound.] Increased resonance of one's own voice, tary retention and constant dwelling upon an
breath sounds, arterial murmurs, etc., noted idea or concept, thereby inducing some change in
especially in disease of the middle ear or of the the mental or bodily functions. 2. The reproduc-

nasal fossae; tympanophonia. tion in the brain of impressions previously re-

autophthalmoscopy (aw"tof-thal-mos'ko-pI) [G. ceived which become then the starting point of
autos, self, -f- ophthalmos, eye, + skopea, I view.] new acts or ideas.
The examination of the inner parts of one's own autotemnous (aw"to-tem'nus) [G. autos, self, -f-
eyes. temnd, I cut.] Noting a cell which propagates
autoplas'tic. Relating to autoplasty. itself by fission without previous conjugation.
autoplasty (aw'to-plas-tl) [G. autos, self, plasso + autother'apy [G. autos, self, + therapeia, treatment.]
I form.] The repair of defects by transplanting 1. Self-treatment. 2. Spontaneous cure. 3.
or grafting tissues from the patient's own body. Autoserotherapy. 4. Treatment of disease by
autopoi'sonous. Autotoxic. the administration of the patient's own patho-
autopsia (aw-top'sl-ah). Autopsy, a. in vi'vo, logical excretions, as. for example, the swallow-
examination of the organs, especially the abdom- ing of the discharge from a wound or the subcu-
inal organs, during life by means of an exploratory taneous injection of the filtered sputum in the
incision. case of tuberculosis; Duncan's method.
autopsy (aw'top-sl) [G. autopsia, seeing with one's autotomy (aw-tot'o-ml) [G. autos, self, +
tome, a
own eyes.] Post-mortem examination; an ex- cutting.] I. The casting off of a damaged limb
amination of the internal organs of a dead body through the innate power of the organism; such
for the purpose of determming the cause of death a power is possessed by some crustaceans, as crabs.
or of studying the pathological changes present. 2. Fission, spontaneous division.
autopsyche (aw'to-si-ke) [G. autos, self, -I- psyche, autotoxemia, autotoxeemia (aw"to-toks-e'mI-ah)
soul.] Consciousness of personality. [G. autos, self, + toxikon, poison, + haima, blood.]
autopsychosis (aw-to-si-ko'sis). A mental disease Autointoxication.
in which ideas and conceptions relating to oneself autotox'ic. Relating to autointoxication.
are disordered. autotoxico'sis. Autointoxication, autotoxemia.
autoscope (aw'to-skop) [G. autos, self, + shaped, I autotox'in. Any poison originating within the
inspect.] i. Any instrument used in the visual body upon which it acts.
examination of one's own organs or cavities. ^. autotox'is. Autointoxication.
A long concave spatula used to depress and drag autotransfu'sion. Autoinfusion.
forward the tongue in the process of direct autotroph'ic [G. autos, self, + trophikos, tending
inspection of the larynx. nourishing.] Self-nourishing, noting the green
autos'copy. i. Inspection of one's own organs or plants and those forms of bacteria which do not
cavities, z. Direct or orthoscopic inspection of require organic carbon or nitrogen, but can form
the larynx without the use of a mirror. proteins and carbohydrates out of inorganic
salts
autosensitize (aw-to-sen'sl-tiz) [G. autos, self, -|- and carbon dioxide.
sensitize.] To sensitize against one's own body autotuberculin (aw"to-tu-bur'ku-Un). Tuberculin
cells. prepared from cultures made from the patient's
alitOBeptlcemla, autosepticsmla (aw"to-sep-ti-se'mI- own sputum.
ah) [G. autos, self, +
sepsis, decay, haima, + autotyphization (aw"to-ti-fi-za'shun) The produc-
.

blood.] Autotoxemia, endosepsis, septicemia tion of symptoms resembling those

of typhoid
apparently originating from conditions existing fever occurring as a result of autointoxication.
 ;

AUTOVACCINATION AXILLARY

autovaccina'tion. A second vaccination with virus Avicen'na's gland [properly Ibn Sina, Arabian physi-
from a vaccine sore on the same individual. cian, 980-1037.] An encapsulated tumor.
autum'nal. Relating to the autumn, a. catarrh', avir'ulent. Not virulent.
hay fever. avitaminosis (a-vi"tam-in-o'sis) [G. a- priv. -I-
auxanogram (awks-an'o-gram). The picture, show- vitamine + -osis.'] Deficiency disease, any dis-
ing bacterial growths of varying degrees of luxu- ease due to a lack of vitamines in the diet, such as
riance, presented by the plate of agar or other beriberi and scurvy.
material in which the various nutrient miaterials Avogad'ro's pos'tulate fAmadeo Avogadro, Italian
have been placed for the auxanographic test. physicist, 1776-1856.] Equal volumes of gases
auxanographic. Relating to auxanography. a. contain equal numbers of molecules, the condi-
meth'od, diffusion method, for the study of bac- tions of pressure and temperature being the same.
terial enzymes; agar is mixed with the material avoirdupois (av-or-du-poyz') [Fr. to have weight.]
(such as starch or milk) which is to serve as an A system of weights in which 16 ounces make a
indicator of the enzyme action and after being pound; the pound is the equivalent of 453.6 grams.
inoculated is plated; if the bacteria produce Avon Sulphur Springs, New York. Saline-calcic-
enzymes digesting the admixed material there will sulphureted waters. Used by drinking and bath-r
be a zone of clearing in the medium about each ing, in rheumatism, gastroenteric disorders,
colony. urinary troubles, and cutaneous diseases.
auxanography (awks-an-og'ri-fi) [G. auxano, I avul'sion [L. avellere, to separate by force.] A
i increase, +
grapho, I write.} method of A tearing away.
determining the most suitable medium for bac- Ax, Abbreviation for axis.
terial cultivation. On a simple agar plate, for axanthop'sia [G. o- priv. -I- xanthos, yellow, -I- opsis,
example, are placed drops of various nutrient vision.] Yellow blindness, inability to distin-
solutions, the most suitable being shown by the guish yellow tints.
most luxuriant growth of the bacteria. Axenfeld's test (ahks'en-felt) [David Axenfeld,
auxanology (awks-an-ol'o-ji) [G. auxano, I increase, German physiologist in Perugia, nineteenth
+ -logia.'] The scientific study of growth. century.] For albumin in the urine; acidulate
auxetlc (awks-et'ik) [G. auxetikos promoting with formic acid and warm while adding a few
growth.] A
hypothetical chemical substance, the drops of 22 per cent, solution of gold chloride;
supposed specific action of which is to excite the presence of albumin is indicated by a red
proliferation in leucocytes and other cells. color which changes to blue on the addition of
auxiliary (awg-zill-ar-i) [L. auxilium, help.] i. an excess of the gold chloride solution.
Aiding. 2. An aid or assistance. ' ax'ial. I. Relating to an axis. 2. Relating to or

auxilyt'ic [G. auxo, I increase.] Increasing the situated in the central part of the body, in the
destructive power of a lysin, or favoring lysis. head and trunk as distinguished from the
auxocardia (awks-o-kar'dl-ah) [G. auxo, I increase, extremities. 3. In dentistry, relating to or
+ kardia, heart.] 1. Enlargement' of the heart, parallel with the long axis of a tooth, a. angle,
either hypertrophy or dilatation. 2. The cardiac see angle, a. surface, the surface of a tooth
diastole. parallel with its long axis; the a. surfaces are
auxohormone (awk-so-hor'm5n) [G. auxo, I in- the labial, or buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal.
crease, -{- hormone.] Vitamine. a. walls of the pulp chambers, the walls parallel
auxom'eter [G. auxo, I increase, + metron, meas- with the long axis of a tooth; these are the mesial,
ure.] An instrument for measuring the magni- distal, buccal, and lingual.
fying power of a lens. axif' ugal [L axis + fugere, to flee from.] Centrifugal.^
auxospore (awks'o-spor) [G. auxo, I grow, -I- sporos, ax'il. I. Axilla. 2. The acute angle between 3
seed.] In Diatomacea, a large cell, formed by leaf and the stem from which it springs.
simple growth or a conjugation, which divides to axile (ak'sil). Axial.
form successively smaller daughter cells, which axilemma (aks"I-lem'ah) [G. axon, axis, -I- lemma,
in turn enlarge to form new auxospores. husk.] Adelicate membrane surrounding the
avalanche [Fr. descent.] The sliding down a axis cylinder of a nerve-fiber.
mountain side of a mass of snow; hence a sudden axil'la, gen. axil'lm [L.] The armpit ; maschale, the
descent or a fall en masse, a. conduc'tion see axillary space.
conduction, law of a., see under law. glandular inflammation in, maschaladenitis, axillary
aval'vular. Non-valvular, without valves. bubo, medication by inunction in, maschaliatria.
Non-vascular, not pro- odor from, hircismus. sweating, maschalephidrosis,
avascular (S-vas'ku-lar). maschalyperidrosds. tumor in, maschaloncus.
vided with blood-vessels or lymphatics, especially
the former. ax'illary. Relating to the axilla. a. artery, the

avasculariza'tion. Devascularization; the expul- continuation of the subclavian in the axilla,

sion of blood from a part by means of an Es- becoming in turn the brachial when it leaves
this cavity, a. cavity, a. space, a. fascia, a thin
march bandage.
syn'drome [Georg Avellis, German laryn- layer of fascia closing in the axillary cavity, a.
Avel'lis's
* 1864.] Unilateral paralysis of the folds, the folds of skin botmding the axillary
gologist,
fossa the anterior fold encloses the border of the
larynx and velum palati. ;

pectoralis major, the posterior that of the

Ave'na [L. oats.] A genus of grasses, the most
a. fossa, the armpit, the hollow
important species of which is A. sati'va, the com- latissimus dorsi.
beneath the shoulder, a. line, an imaginary line
mon oat of cultivation; of the grain a fluidextract passing from the highest point of the axillary
has been prepared which is used as a stimulant
fossa vertically downward, a. nerve, a branch of
and tonic in doses of 3i-i (2.0-4.0).
from the supraclaviculai' portion of the brachial plexus
av'enin. An albuminoid, a yellowish powder,
mainly a motor nerve of the muscles of the
Avena sativa, thought to be identical with gluten
shoulder, but containing sensory fibers, a. space,
casein.
An the cavity beneath the shoulder- joint, bounded
ave'nolith [L. avena, oats, -t- G. lithos, stone.]
undigested roughly by the pectoralis major anteriorly, the
intestinal calculus having a mass of
latissimus dorsi posteriorly, the chest-wall
oats as the nucleus.
 AXILLARY AZOTORRHEA, azotorrhcea

internally, the humerus externally, the shoulder- axolysis (aks-ol'i-sis) [axon + lysis, solution.] De-
joint above, and the axillary fascia and hairy struction of the axis-cylinder of a nerve.
integument below ; it contains the axillary artery axom'eter [G. axon, axis, + meiron, measure.] An in-
and vein, the brachial plexus, lymphatic nodes, strument for determining the axis of a spectacle lens
and areolar tissue, a. tail, an extension from the and bringing it in line with the center of the pupil.
mammary gland over the serratus magnus up into az'on, ax'one [G. axon, axis.] 1. The cerebrospinal
the axilla as far as the third rib. a. vein, a vein axis. 2. The body-axis. 3. Neuraxon, or axis-
formed by the union of the two brachial and the cylinder process of a nerve-cell.
basilic veins, continuous above with the subclavian. azoneu'ron. A
neuron, or nerve-cell, of the cerebro-
ax'io-la'bio-ling'ual plane. A plane cutting the spinal system, having an axon, or axis-cylinder
labial and lingual surfaces of a tooth parallel process.
with its long axis. axonom'eter. Axometer.
ax'io-me'sio-dis'tal plane. A plane cutting the axop'etal [G. axon + L. petere, to seek.] Extending in
mesial, or proximal, and distal surfaces of a tooth a direction toward an axon or axis-cylinder process.
parallel with its long axis. ax'oplasin. Neuroplasm of the axis-cylinder.
ax'ioplasm. Axoplasm. axospon'gium. The network of fine fibrils support-
ing the axoplasm.
aziopo'diiun, pi. axiopo'dia [G. axis + podion, little
axunge, axungia (aks'unj, aks-un'ji-ah)
foot.] A permanent pseudopodium containing a [L. wagon
grease; axis, axle,4- ungere, to grease.] Lard,
stiff axial filament of differentiated protoplasm.
adeps.*
axip'etai [L. axis + petere, to seek.] Centripetal.
ayapana (ah-yah-pah'nah). The leaves of Eupa- '
axis, pi. aooes [L.] i. A straight line passing torium ayapana, or E. triplinerve, a Brazilian herb
through a spherical body between its two poles, employed as an aromatic tonic.
and about which the body may revolve. 2. The Ayer's Amherst Mineral Springs, New York. Cal-
central line of the body or any of its parts. 3. cic-chalybeate waters containing Epsom salts;
The spinal column. 4. The central nervous two springs. Used in gastroenteric disorders.
system. 5. The second cervical vertebra, epistro- Ayerza's disease' (ah-yer'thah or ah-yer'sah).
pheus [BNA]. 6. The odontoid process of the
epistropheus. 7. An artery which divides, im-
A condition resembling Osier's or Vaquez'
disease, and probably identical with it, marked
mediately upon its origin, into a number of.
by enlargement of the liver and spleen, hyper-
branches, a. op'tica [BNA], optic axis, line plasia of the bone marrow, and chronic
of vision. basibregmat'ic a., a line extending cyanosis, dyspnea, and erythremia, associated
from the basion to the bregma, basicra'nial a.,
with sclerosis of the pulmonary artery.
a line drawn from the basion to the midpoint of
azadirachta in'dica (az-ad-e-rak'tah). (B.A.) Aze-
the sphenoethmoidal suture, basifa'cial a., a
darach, neem bark, margosa bark; the dried bark
line drawn from the subnasal point to the mid-
of the root and stem of Melia azadirachta, a
point of the sphenoethmoidal suture, binauric'-
handsome East Indian tree; anthelmintic and
ular a., a straight line joining the two auricularia
tonic, in infusion or tincture, also used externally
(of. auriculare). ce'Uac a., arteria coeliaca. in eczema and indolent iilcers.
cerebTospi'nal a., the central nervous system, the
azalein (a-za'le-in). Fuchsin.
brain and spinal cord, con'jugate a., conjugata.
,

cianiof a' cial a., a straight line passing through

az'ariu. A yellow dye from coal-tar.
azedarach (az-ed'ar-ak) [Pers. noble tree.] Aza-
the mesethmoid, presphenoid, basisphenoid, and
dirachta indica.
basioccipital bones. enceph"alomyelon'ic a., azo-. A prefix denoting a substance derived from
• cerebrospinal a. encephalorrhachid'ian a., cere- a hydrocarbon by the replacement of part of the
brospinal a. fa'cial a., basif acial a. fron'tal a.,
hydrogen by nitrogen, azo-com'pound, a com-
the transverse a. of the eyeball, a line running
pound containing two linked nitrogen atoms
transversely through the center of the globe
united to two hydrocarbon groups, either both of
of the eye. neu'ral a., cerebrospinal a. pel'vic
the aromatic series or one aromatic and one fattv.
a., pelvic canal.* sag'ittal a., the anteroposte- azoamyly (az-o-am'i-ll) [G. c- priv. zdon, ani-
rior a. of the eyeball, thora'cic a., (i) arteria -I-
mal, + amylon, starch.] Absence or diminution
thoracoacromialis [BNA]; (2) vena thoraco-
in the amount of glycogen in the liver.
acromialis [BNA]. thy'roid a., truncus thyreo-
azo'ic [G. a- priv. -f zoS, life.] Containing no living
cervicalis [BNA]. ver'tical a., the vertical line things without organic life.
;
passing through the center of the eyeball.
azoUt'min. A purplish red coloring matter
Tis'ual a., line of vision, the straight line extend- ot-
tamed from litmus, a. pa'per, filter paper dipped
ing from the object seen, through the center of m a solution of a. and dried; used as an
the pupil, to the macula lutea of the retina. indicator,
acids turning the purplish red to bright
ax'is-cyl'inder. The central, essential conducting red, and
alkalies turning it blue.
portion of a nerve-fiber, continuous with the azoospermia (a-zo-o-sper'ml-ah) [G.
axon of the nerve-cell. a.-c. process, axon, the zoon, animal, -I- sperma, seed.]
a- priv. +
process of a neuron, or nerve-cell, which forms Absence of
spermatozoa in the semen.
the a.-c. of the nerve-fiber. az'ote [G. a- priv. -f zotikos, fit for preserving life
ax'ite. A terminal filament of an axis-cylinder. Nitrogen.
1
'

ax'le-tooth. Molar tooth. azote'mia [azote,

Axocopan, Mexico (ah-ho-ko-pahn'). Alkaline-
nitrogen (urea), + G. haima
blood.] Uremia.
saline-carbonated waters; cold. Used by drink- az'otized. Nitrogenized, containing nitrogen
ing and bathing in gastric disorders, diabetes, azotom'eter [azote, nitrogen, -f- G. metron, meas-
lithiasis, and cutaneous diseases. ure.] A device for determining the amount
axoden'drite. A process (not the axis-cylinder) of
urea and uric acid in the urine.
given off from the axon of a nerve-cell. azotorrhe'a, azotorrhoe'a [azote,
axof'ugal [G. axon + L. fugere, to flee.] Extending rhed, I flow.]
nitrogen + G
Excessive discharge of nitrogen-
away from an axis-cylinder process. ous material in the urine or feces,
azolem'ma. Axilemma. indicating
impaired digestion of albumin.
AZOTURIA 103 AZZLE-TOOTH

azotu'ria [azote+ G. ouron, urine.] An increased az'urin. Sodiiun-theobromine acetate; diuretic in

elimination of urea in the vtrine. doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0).
azotobac'ter, azotobacte'rium. A nitrifying bac- azurophil, azurophile (azh-u'ro-fil, or fil) [azure +
terium. G. philos, fond.] Staining readily with an azure
azoturic (az"o-tu'rik) . Relating to the urinary dye, noting especially the hyperchromatin.
excretion of nitrogen. az'ygos [G. a- priv. -I- zygoi, yoke.] i.Azygous. ;!. An
Azoulay stain (a,-zoo-la'). See D'Azoulay. unpaired anatomical structure, a. u'vulae mus'cle,
Az'tec type [Aztec, one of the aboriginal tribes of muscvilus uvxilae [BNA]. a. veins, see under vena.
Mexico. ] A type of idiocy (?.».) az'ygous. Unpaired, single.
Azule Springs, California. Alkaline-saline-carbon- azy'mia [G. a- priv. + zymS, ferment.] Absence of
ated waters. The water acts as an antacid, a ferment.
aperient, diuretic, and tonic. azy'mic, az'ymous. i Without a ferment. 2. Unfer-
.

az'ulin. A
blue aniline dye. mented, unleavened.
azure (azh'ur). Sky-blue, cobalt-blue. az'zle-tooth. Molar tooth.
 io4 BACILLUS

Abbreviation for base. Chemical symbol of bacill'iculture. i. The cultivation of bacilli. 2

B.
boron. Aculture containing bacilli.
Ba. Chemical symbol of barium. bacill'iform [L. bacillus, a rod, -I- forma, form.] Rod-
Bsb'bitt-met'al. An alloy of antimony, copper, and shaped Shaped like or resembling in other ways
tin; used in machinery to minimize friction, and a bacillus.
occasionally in dentistry. bacilli'num. A homeopathic nosode prepared from
Babis' stain (bah'bas) [Victor Bahis, Roumanian tuberculous lung tissue,
bacteriologist, *i854.] A
solution of safranin-O bacillip'arous [L. parere, to produce.] Producing
in 2 per cent, aniline-water. bacilli, bacillogenic.
Babes-Ernst bodies (bah'bas-emst) [Victor Babis; bacillogen'ic, bacillogenous (bS-sil-oj'en-us) [G.
Paul Ernst, German pathologist, *i859.] Meta- gennao, I produce.] i. Bacilliparous. 2. Of

chromatic particles in spore-bearing bacteria. baciUary origin,

Babe'sia [Victor Babh.] A
genus of hemosporidia, bacillol (bas'il-ol). Trade name of an antiseptic
pathogenic in cattle, dogs, and other animals, preparation from tar, containing cresol.
believed to be transmitted always by ticks. bacillophobia (bas-il"o-fo'be-ah) [bacillus + G.
B. bo'vis, the pathogenic organism of Texas phobos, fear.] An unreasoning and exaggerated
cattle fever, transmitted by a tick. B. ca'nis, fear of bacilli or of microorganisms in general,
a species pathogenic for dogs. B. hom'inls, sup- bacillo'sis. A general infection with bacilli.
posed by some to be the pathogenic organism of bacillu'ria [G. ouron, urine.] The passage of urine
Rocky Mountain tick fever, containing bacilli,
babesiasis (b^-be-zi'a-sis) Any disease caused
. bacillus, pi. bacil'li, [L. dim. of baculus, a rod.]
by infection with a species of Babesia, the i. In anatomy, a rod-shaped structure, as the
affection being spread through the agency of rods in the layer of rods and cones of the retina.
ticks, ca'nine b., a dog disease occurring in 2. In pharmacy, pencil, a remedy, usually for
Italy, Prance, Africa, and certain parts of Asia external use, moulded into a cylindrical form.
caused by Babesia canis and spread by the 3. A member of the genus Bacillus;* used often
agency of a tick, Ixodes teduvius. also as a term for any bacterium. Achalme's
Babinski's meth'od (bS-bin'skl, Fr. bi-ban-ske') [J. b., an anaerobic organism, found in certain
Babinski, Parisian neurologist, *i857.] method A cases of rheumatism, probably belonging to
of eliciting the Achilles tendon reflex, the tendon the same group as Welch's b. acid-fast b.,
being tapped while the patient kneels on a one of a group, including B. tuberculosis and B.
chair. B.'s phenom'enon or re'flex, (i) exten- leprcB, which are not decolorized, after staining, by
sion instead of the normal flexion, of the great treatment with acids. Afanas'sieffs b., one
toe, sometimes with plantar flexion of the other foimd in certain cases in the sputum in whooping-
toes, following tickling of the sole; usually asso- cough, an'imal b,, a b. developing in the tissues
ciated with organic disease of the pyramidal or fluids of a living animal, as distinguished from
tracts; (2) inverted radial reflex.* B.'s syn'- one growing in a culture. Bang's b., B. abortus.
drome, lightning pains, abolished patellar reflex, Barton's b., Bartonella bacilliformis. Bordet-
contraction of the pupil, and absence of the light Gengou b., a minute ovoid b. with deeply stain-
reflex, —
with aneurysm indications of tabes of ing poles, found in the sputum in pertussis.
parasyphilitic origin. corn'ma b.. Spirillum cholera asiaticce. Czaplew'-
ba'by. An infant, a newborn child, a child yet ski's b., pole bacterium.* Dan'ysz b., a micro-
unable to walk, blue b., a cyanotic newborn organism isolated in cases of disease in field-
child, there being usually persistence of the mice and found to be extremely pathogenic
foramen ovale of the heart. for rats, inducing in them a rapidly fatal dis-
bacc'ate [L. bacca, berry.] Berry-like. ease, but apparently harmless to man. Ducrey's'
Baccelli's meth'od (baht-chel'le) [Guido Baccelli, b., an organism thought to be specific in chan-
Roman physician, *i832.] Treatment of tetanus croid. E'berth's b., B. typhosus. Finkler-
by daily subcutaneous injections of o 3 (5 gr.) of . Pri'or b., an organism resembling the comma
phenic acid. B.'s sign, good conduction of the bacillus, found in certain cases of cholera nos-
whisper in non-purulent pleural effusions. tras. Flex'ner's b., a variety of B. dysenterim.
baccifonn (bak'se-form) [L. bacca, berry, -I- forma, Fried'lSnder's b., B. pneumonim. GaerTner's b., B
form.] Of berry shape coccal.; enteritidis.gas b., B. aerogenes. grass b., hay b
bacillae'mia. Bacillemia. Guillebeau's' b,, an organism found in cases of udder
bacillar, baciUary (bas'il-ar, bas'il-a-ri). Relating disease in cattle with the giving of ropy milk.
to or caused by bacilli. Han'sen's b,, B. leprm. Ha'velburg's b., a b. found
bacille'mia [bacillus + G. haima, blood.] The in the stomach contents in cases of yellow fever
presence of bacilli in the circulating blood; bacil- and thought at one time to be pathogenic of
lary bacteriemia. that disease, hay b., B. subtilis. Hoffman's b.,
bacill'i-car'rier. A person in apparent health whose B. pseudodiphthericus. Kitasa'to's b., B. pestis.
tissues or secretions contain pathogenic bacteria, hog-chol'era b., B. suipestifer. Klebs-Loeffler b.,
such as those of typhoid fever or diphtheria. B. diphtheria!. Koch's b., (i) B. tuberculosis;
bacillici'dal [bacillus + L. caidere, to kill.] Destruc- (2) Spirillum cholera asiaticce. Koch-Weeks b.,
tive to bacilli. a small, slender, non-motile, gram-negative
bacillicide (bi-sil'I-sid). An agent destructive to organism, the cause of acute contagious conjunc-
bacilli. tivitis, or pink-eye. Kop'Uk's b., a microorgan-
BACILLUS i°S BACILLUS

ism found in the sputum in certain cases of positive organism, with a tendency to strepto-
whooping-cough, lac'tic-acid b., one of a number bacillary forms; the specific cause of anthrax.
of bacilli, transforming lactose and other sugars B. anthra'cis symptomat'ici, B. carbonis, a mo-
into lactic acid; B. bulgaricus is one of the most tile, flagellated, gram-negative b., the specific
important of these. Loeff'ler's b., B. diphtheria. cause of symptomatic anthrax. B. asiat'icus,
Lust'garten's b., a microorganism isolated in an organism, of which two varieties, A and B,
many cases of syphilis and formerly regarded as have been .described, found in cases of a low,
possibly pathogenic of that disease. Massol's' protracted, but rather mild fever, of intermit-
b., B. bulgaricus. Miller b., a form found in cari tent or remittent type, without roseola or splenic
ous tooth cavities. Mo'raz-Ax'enfeld b., a short enlargement, occurring in Ceylon. B. botuli'^
thick b., occurring usually in pairs, said to be nus, an anaerobic b. discovered by Van Ermen-
pathogenic in certain mild forms of conjunctivitis. gem in a ham which was the cause of a number
zur Hedd'en's b., a small, sometimes slightly of cases of meat poisoning. B. breslavien'sis,
curved b., found in certain cases of corneal found in tainted meat in several outbreaks of
ulceration. Hicolai'er's b., B. teiani. Opp'- food poisoning in Breslau. B. bronchisep'ticus,
ler-Bo'as b., a streptobacillus found in the an organism which causes distemper in cats and
gastric secretions in certain cases of cancer of the dogs. B. bulgar'icus, Massol's b., a lactic acid
stomach, paraco'lon b., a microorganism resem- b., gram-positive in young cultures, usually nega-
bling the colon and the typhoid bacilli and tive in old ones. B. butyr'icus, Clostridium
believed to cause one of the forms of paratyphoid butyricum, forms butyric acid from carbohy-
fever, paradysenter'ic b., a microorganism iso- drates. B. capsula'tus muco'sus, B. pneumonia.
lated by Castellanifrom several apparently mild B. carbo'nis, B. anthracis symptomatici. B. cav-
cases of dysentery in Ceylon, paraty'phoid b., ici'da [L. cavia, guinea-pig, + cadere, to kill], a b.
a micro-organism, resembling the paracolon b., found in human feces, which is fatal to guinea-
but causing paratyphoid fever; there are two pigs. B. cellulfeforin'ans, a non-motile b. found
or more, distinct varieties of this bacillus; see in meat which had been the cause of an extensive
Bacillus paratyphosus, Pe'rez b., CoccobaciU outbreak of food poisoning. B. ceylonen'sis, a,
lus fcetidus nasi, the supposed pathogenic organ- microorganism found in certain cases of a
ism of ozena. Pfeiff'er's b., B. influenza. typhoid-like fever in Ceylon; possibly identical
plague b., B. pestis. pole b., pole bacterium.* with B. colombensis. B. chol'erse gallina'rum,
pBeu"dodiphthe'ria b., B. hoffmanni. Read'ing a. non-motile, gram-negative b., described by
b., a, spore-bearing non-pathogenic, proteolytic Perroncito in 1878, the specific cause of chicken
anaerobe, employed in the treatment of wounds cholera. B. clo'acee^ a microorganism found in
to hydrolyze the necrotic tissue, leaving a sewage, supposed to be non-pathogenic, but
healthy, granulating surface; its presence has been observed in certain septicemic states
is marked by a foul odor. Ro'senbach's such as Archibald's fever.* B. co'licommu'nioT,
b., B. saprogenes. Sanarel'li's b., B. icteroides. a variety of B. coli communis from which it
Scheur'lein*s b., a microorganism found in differs in several cultural peculiarities. B.
cancer of the breast and also in non-malignant co'li commu'nis, a motile, flagellated, gram-
tumors; not pathogenic. Shi'ga's b., B. negative organism, normally present in the
dysenteries. Stern'berg's b., (i) Micrococcus intestine; it is believed to be usually non-
lanceolatus; (2) Bacillus X. swine-plague b., pathogenic, but readily becomes virulent and
B. suisepticus. Vin'cent's b., Spirochceta angina may invade the blood and tissues outside of the
vincenti, B.fusiformis. Week's b., Koch-Weeks intestine. B. colomben'sis, a motile, gram-
b. Welsh's b., B. aerogenes oapsulatus. y. b., negative bacterium, not liquefying gelatin,
Bacillus y. Yer'sin's b., B. pestis. Yzquier'- the growth in agar resembling that of the typhoid
do's b., the specific b. of Carrion's disease. bacillus; found by cases of
Castellani
in
Bacil'lus. A genus of schizomycetes or bacteria, Colombo fever.* B.
cory'zse segmento'sus,
of a generally rod-shaped or elongated form, B. septus. B. cuniculici'da [L. cuniculus,
varying, however, considerably in shape and rabbit, +
cadere, to kill], the b. of rabbit-
size; they divide transversely and may therefore septicemia. B. cyanog'enes [G. kyanos, blue,
be found in threads or chains of greater or lesser -1- gennao, I produce], blue-milk b., causes a
length. B. abor'tus, Bang's bacillus, the patho- blue coloration in milk. B. diphthe'rise, Klebs-
genic microorganism, of infectious abortion, a Loeffler b., discovered by Klebs in 1883 and
disease occurring in cows and occasionally in isolated and cultivated by Loeffler in 1884;
women. B. ace'ticus, causes the change of the specific cause of diphtheria. B. ducrey'i,
alcohol into acetic acid. B. ac'idi lac'tici, one of a b. occurring in chains (streptobacillus),
several bacilli transforming the lactose in milk described by Ducrey as the specific, cause of
into lactic acid. B. acidoph'ilus, a lactic-acid b., chancroid. B. dysente'rise, a motile, flagel-
allied to or identical with B. bulgaricus. B. lated, gram-negative organism, described by
ac'nes, a short, plump, gram-positive b. found by Shiga as the specific cause of bacillary dysen-
Unna in comedones and acne lesions. B. tery. B. dyso'des [G. dysodes, bad smelling],
aSrog'enes capsula'tus, a non-motile, non- causes a peculiar fermentation in bread, rendering
inedible. B. emphysemato'sus, a b. causing
flagellated, gram-positive, gas-forming b. causes;
it
gas-phlegmon. B. enterit'idis, found in meat
subcutaneous emphysema, and after death
bubbles of inflammatory gas are found in the which had been the cause of extensive poisoning,
organs. B. aer'trycke, B. suipestifer. B. al'vei and also in the spleen in one fatal case in man.
B. epilep'ticus, a spore-bearing microorganism
[L. alveus, beehive], causes foul-brood in bees.
having its chief habitat in the cecum, which
B. aminoph'ilus intestina'lis, an organism in-
has been suggested as the cause of epilepsy.
habiting the cecum, which produces histamine.
B. fascalis alkalig'enes, an alkali-forming b. in the
B. amylobac'ter [G. amylon, starch, -|- bakterion,
blue intestine, closely resembling the typhoid b. B.
so called because in certain media it gives a
B. figu'rans [so called because its plate cultures
color like the reaction of iodine on starch],
form complicated figures], B. proteus vulgaris.
bulyricus. B. anthra'cis, a non-motile, gram-
BACILLUS 1 06 BACILLUS

B. fluores'cens, causes a fluorescence in fluids con- teus, a sea-god who had the power to change his
taining it. B. friedebergen'sis, found in sausage form], a usually harmless intestinal parasite, but
meat which had caused an outbreak of meat capable of becoming virulent under certain con-
poisoning. B. fusiform'ls, the cause of Vincent's ditions. B. pro'teus hom'inis, an intestinal b.,
angina. B. gastroph'ilus, Boas-Oppler b., a usually a harmless parasite, but sometimes path-
lactic-acid b., said to be found in the stomach in ogenic. B. pro'teus mirab'ilis [L. mirabilis.
cases of cancer only. Bj grave'olens [L. gravis, wonderful], a motile, flagellated, gram-negative,
noisome, -I- olere, to smell], the supposed cause of pleomorphous b., resembling B. proteus vulgaris,
bromidrosis. B. hoffmtum'i, B. pseudodiph- and usually associated with it. B. pro'teus vul-
thericus. B. ictero'des, B. icteroi'des, San- ga'ris [L. vulgaris, common], a motile, flagellated,
arelli's b., at one time put forward as the cause of gram-negative, pleomorphous organism, found
yellow fever. B. in'dicus, a b. found by Koch in in decomposing animal matter and in the tissues
the stomach of an ape; its cultures have a red after death. B. pro'teus zenk'eri, a motile
color. B. infan'tlUs, a spore-forming organism organism, closely resembling B. proteus vulgaris,
isolated from the feces in certain cases of infan- and usually associated with it. B. pseu"dodiph-
tilism of the Herter type. B. influen'zse, ther'icus, Hoffmann's b., an organism resembling
Pfeiffer's b., a very minute, non-motile, gram- the B. diphtheria, but probably not pathogenic.
negative organism, the specific cause of influ- B. pseudotuberculo'sis roden'tium, a coarse, non-
enza, discovered by Pfeiffer in 1892 B. lac- motile, gram-negative b., producing no spores,
timor'bi [L lac(lact-), milk, + morbus, dis- found in pseudotuberculosis of various rodents.
ease], an organism somewhat resembling the B. psittaco'sis, a short, thick, motile, gram-
tetanus bacillus, found in milk-sickness in cattle. negative organism, the cause of psittacosis. B.
B. lep'rae, a non-motile, acid-fast, gram-negative putrif'icus, an intestinal organism which causes
organism, the specific cause of leprosy, discovered the decomposition of albumin. B. pyocyan'eus
by Hansen in 1871. B. lev'ans [L. levare, to raise [G. pyon, pus, + kyanos, blue], "blue pus b., a
(leaven)], a carbonic-acid-producing b. found in motile, flagellated, gram-negative b., pathogenic
sour dough. B. mal'lei, a curved b. thicker and for small animals and sometimes for man; it
shorter than the tubercle b. the cause of glanders,
: causes a bluish or greenish coloration of pus.
discovered by Loeffler and Schiitz in 1882. B. B. pyog'enes [G. pyon, pus, -|- gennao, I pro-
meliten'sis, the specific microorganism of Malta duce], is found in ichorous pus; regarded by
fever, discovered by Bruce. B. mesenter'icus, some as identical with, or nearly related to, B.
a b. the potato culttu-e of which presents num.er- coli communis. B. rhinosclero'inatis, a short
ous folds on the surface, resembling the mesentery. capsulated organism, somewhat resembling
B. morbif' loans bo'vi, found in cattle sick with Friedlander's b., discovered by Fritsch in 1882.
puerperal paralysis, chronic pyemia, and perfora- B. rhusiopath'iae su'is [G. rhousios, reddish, +
tive peritonitis. B. morseele, an organism very pathos, suffering; L. sus{suis), hog; Fr. rouget du
like B. enteritidis. B. muco'sus capsula'tus, pore, swine erysipelas], a b. nearly if not quite
B. pneumo'nicE. B. multipedic'ulus, one form- identical with B. murisepiicus, found in swine
ing on potato colonies with many projecting erysipelas. B. saprog'enes [G. sapros, putrid, -I-
lines, resembling an insect. B. murisep'ticus gennao, I produce], a form which has been iso-
[L. mus{niuY-), mouse, -t- septicus, putrefactive], lated from the sweat of the feet in bromidrosis.
a minute, non-motile, gram-positive organism, B. satelli'tis, an organism believed by Molikoff to
pathogenic for mice, similar to, if not identical be the cause of the intestinal ulceration in typhoid
with, B. rhusiopaihics suis. B. mycoi'des, a b. the fever. B. scarlati'noe, an organism isolated
colonies of which in solid transparent media from the tissues in cases of scarlet fever; it is
resemble mould. B. neapolita'nus, B. co^li com- slightly smaller than B. diphtheria, has no polar
mu'nis; it was first obtained by Emmerich from bodies, and varies from coccus-like to large
the bodies of men dead of cholera in Naples, and bacillary forms. B. sep'tus, B. coryzce seg-
erroneously regarded by him as the pathogenic mentosus, one of the microorganisms of a "cold";
agent of the disease. B. necroph'orus, B. it is believed to cause a mild pharyngitis, tor-
necro'seos, a long b. causing necrotic and gan- ticollis,and "muscular rheumatism." rather
grenous inflammation in many experiment than a coryza. B. smeg'matis, an organism
animals; Strepiothrix cunicuU. B. oedem'atis found in smegma from the genitals of man and
malig'ni, a motile, flagellated, gram-negative b., animals, in general resembling morphologically
the specific cause of malignant edema. B. para- B. tuberculosis. B. sub'tilis, hay b., a motile
typho'sus, paratyphoid bacillus; there are at non-pathogenic b., found in the dust of hay. B.
least two strains of this bacillus, called B. para- suipes'tifer [L. sus(sui-), pig, -|- pestis, pest,
-h
typkosus A and B. paratyphosus B, which are ferre, to carry], a motile, flagellated, gram-
sometimes qualified as acidumfaciens and alka- negative organism, formerly regarded as the
Ufaciens respectively. B. perfrin'gens, a micro- specific cause of hog cholera. B. suisep'ticus [L.
organism causing gas phlegmon. B. pes'tis, a sus(sui-), hog, + G. septikos, putrefying], a non-
pleomorphous coccobacillus, often occurring in motile, non-flagellated, gram-negative organism,
chains and sometimes encapsulated, the specific the b. of swine-plague. B. tet'ani, a motile,
cause of bubonic plague. B. plurisep'ticus, a gram-positive b. with a large spore at one end,
collective term for the pathogenic agents of the specific cause of tetanus; it was isolated by
hemorrhagic septicemia. B. pneumo'nise, Fried- Nicolaier in 1884. B. tuberculo'sls, tubercle b..
lander's b., pneumobacillus; an encapsulated Koch's b., a non-motile, acid-fast organism,
non-motile, gram-negative, short b. found in often branching, belonging probably to the
cases of pneumonia, but not regarded as patho- higher bacteria, resembling actinomyces,
and
genic for that disease. B. prodigio'sus, an or- not truly a bacillus; the specific cause of tuber-
ganism frequently present on food, but appar- culosis, first accurately described
by Robert
ently not pathogenic; its toxin mixed with that Koch in 1882. B. tuberculo'sis a'vium, the b.
of the erysipelas streptococcus constitutes of bird tuberculosis, probably a
variety of the
Coley's* fluid. B. pro'teus capsula'tus [G. Pro- b. of human tuberculosis, though
possibly a
 , ;

BACILLUS 107 BACTERIOSTASIS

distinct species. B. tuberculo'sis bo'vis, the bacteriemia, bacteriaemia (bak-ter-I-e'ml-ah) [bac-

specific cause of bovine tuberculosis; whether teria + G. haima, blood.] The presence of living
it is identical with the b. of human tubercu- bacteria in the circulating blood.
losis is as yet undetermined. B. ty'phi abdomi- bacter'iform [bacterium + L. forma, form.] Of
. na'lis, B. typhosus. B. ty'phi exanthemat'ici, bacterial form; bacterioid.
the alleged pathogenic organism of typhus fever, bacterination (bak-ter-i-ria'sliun) Vaccination (2) .

the Plotz b., the Weil-Felix b. B. ty'phi mu'- treatment, prophylactic or curative, by means of
rium, a motile, flagellated, gram-negative organ- a bacterin.
,
ism, resembling the typhoid b., pathogenic for bacterin (bak'ter-in) . A
bacterial vaccine, em-
'
mice, which almost invariably die when infected. ployed prophylactically or therapeutically.
> B. typho'sus, Eberth's b., a motile, flagellated, autog'enous b., a b. made from cultures of
gram-negative organism, the specific cause of ty- the pathogenic bacteria taken from the patient
phoid fever. B. ure'se, converts urea into am- under treatment, per'sonal b., autogenous b.
monia. B. welch'ii, B. aerogenes capsulatus. stock b., a b. made from cultures of the same
B, X., an organism found by Sternberg in a num- species of bacteria as those causing the disease
ber of cases of yellow fever, and claimed by him to be treated, but not obtained from the patient
to be the same as B. icteroides of Sanarelli. B. himself.
y., an organism found by His and Russel in bacteriofluorescin (bak-te"rl-o-flu-o-res'in). fluo- A
certain cases of dysentery; it is very similar rescent material produced by the action of
in morphology and reaction to the Flexner Bacillus fluorescens or other bacterial forms.
bacillus. bacteriogen'ic [bacterium +
G. -genes, producing.] Of
back-iabing. In veterinary
medicine, the re- bacterial origin.
bacteriogenous (bak-te-ri-oj^en-us). 1. Producing
moval of impacted feces from the rectum.
back-sinew (bak'sin-u). Back tendon * bacteria. -:. Of bacterial origin or causation.
BaCl,. Barium chloride. bacte"riohemagglu'tiimi. A hemagglutinin formed
bactere'mia. Bacteriemia. by bacterial action.
bacte'ria. Plural of bacterium. bacte"rioheinol'ysin. An hemolysin formed by
bacterial action.
bacte'rioid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Bacteriform,
0,00 CO resembling bacteria in form or in action.
bacteriological (bak-te-ri-o-loj'i-kal). Relating to
"(B
bacteriology. 1

bacteriol'ogist. Microbotanist ; one who pursues

the science of bacteriology.
bacteriol'ogy [bacteria -t- G. -logia.l The branch
of science which has to do with the study
of unicellular vegetable organisms- and with their
relation to medicine, agriculture, and the arts.
bacteriol'ysin. A specific immune body causing the
solution of bacteria when combined with comple-
ment.
bacteriol'ysis [bacterium -\- G. lysis, solution.] The
'
destruction of bacteria by means usually of a
antibody
specific
bacteriolyt'ic. Relating to bacteriolysis possessing ;

a solvent action on bacteria.

vN bacte'riolyze. To cause the digestion or solution of
\ — ^
bacteria.
bacteriopathorogy. Pathology as it relates to the
'7 8 morbid effects of bacteria or their toxins.
bacteriopho'bia [bacterium + G. phobos, fear.] An
exaggerated and morbid fear of bacteria and of
microbes in general.
bacteribplas'min. A plasmin found in the bodies of

i^
9
mv to
v;^
}1
bacteria
bacteriopro'tein (bak-te-ri-o-pro'-te-in). One of the
albuminous substances, orproteins, in the bodies
of bacteria they vary in character and properties,
;

Staphylococcus; 2. diplo-
some being thermostable, others not.
Types of Bacteria: i.
bacteriop'sonin. An
opsonin acting upon bacteria,
coccus: 3. streptococcus; 4. tetrad; 5. sarcma; 6,
diplobacillus; 8. Clostridium forms with
bacillus; 7. as distinguished from a hemopsonin which affects
central spores; 9. spirilla (comma bacilli and
spirals;
(tetanusj.
red blood corpuscles.
10. spirochetes; 11. bacilli with end spores bacteriopur'purin. A purple coloring matter found
in the bodies of certain of the sulphur bacteria,
Ba'cteria'cea. A family of Schisomycetes, including
and supposed to have the same fimction as chloro-
rod-shaped forms without a sheath; the genera are
phyll as regards the absorption of carbon dioxide.
Bacterium, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas.
bacte"rioscop'ic. Relating to bacterioscopy.
bacte'rial. Relating to bacteria.
bacterios'copy [bacterium -\- G. skopeo, I examine.]
bacte'ria-carrier. Bacilli-carrier.
Causing the death The study of bacteria by means of the microscope.
bacterici'dal [L. cadere, to kill.]
bacterio'sis. A morbid state caused by a vegetable
of bacteria.
An mlcroparasite a generalized bacterial infection.
bacter'icide [bacterium + L. cadere, to kill .J
;

the bacteriostasis (bak-te^ri-os'ta-sis) [bacteria + G.

agent which destroys bacteria, specific b., An arrest or retardation
immune stasis, standing still.]
active substance in a bacteriolytic
of growth of bacteria.
serum destructive to one bacterial species.
BACTERIOSTAT io8 BACTRIDIUM

bacteriostat (bak-te'rJ-o-stat). Any agent which ChlamydobacteriaceEe. Cells of different forms, united
in branched or unbranched chains, and provided
inhibits or retards bacterial growth.
Inhibiting or with capsules, or envelopes.
bacteriostatic (bak-te-ri-o-stat'ik). Streptothrix, elongated cells in non-branching chains,
retarding the growth of bacteria. division in one plane only; reproducing by non-
bacteriother'apy [G. therapeia, treatment of disease.] motile conidia.
Treatment of disease by means of bacteria or Cladothrix, branching chains, dividing in one plane
their products. only, motile reproductive cells (zoogonidia) with
bacte"riotox'in. A specific substance injurious polar flagella.
to bacteria, usually a bacteriolysin. Crenothrix, unbranched chains, dividing in three
planes forming rounded daughter cells.
bacteriotrop'ic [bacterium + G. trope, a turning.]
Phragmidiothrix, cells first unbranched, with very
Attracted toward bacteria causing to be attracted
;
delicate sheath, dividing in three planes, and
to bacteria, said, of the action of opsonins upon sometimes branching later.
phagocytes, b. substance, same as opsonin. Thiothrix, unbranched, non-motile threads, con-
bacteriot'ropin [bacterium + G. trope, a turning.] taining sulphur granules, dividing in one plane
A constituent of the blood, usually a specific anti- only.
body, which renders bacteria more amenable to Beggiatoacese. Cells without capsules, joined in un-
branched threads, provided with an undulating
phagocytosis; possibly the same as opsonin.
membrane.
bacte'rium, pi. bacteria [G. bakterion, dim. of bakiron,
Beggiatoa, cells with the characteristics of the
a staff.] Any unicellular vegetable microorgan- family, containing sulphur granules.
ism, microphyte, especially one of the schizo- Zopf's classification, which is similar to that of
mycetes or fission fungi, endoter'ic b., one which Migula, is as follows:
forms an endotoxin, exoter'ic b., a b. which Coccacese: Streptococcus, Merismopedia, Sarcina, Mi-
secretes an exotoxin, ni'trifying b., a micro- crococcus, Ascococcus.
BacteriaceEe : Bacteriutn, Spirillum, Vibrio, Leuconos-
organism which oxidizes ammonia to nitrous or
toc, Bacillus, Clostridium.
nitric acid, or draws the nitrogen from the air
Leptotricheae : Crenothiix, Beggiatoa, Phragmidiothrix,
and fixes it in the soil where it can be appropri- Leptothrix.
ated by growing plants, pole b., a rod-shaped Cladotricheae : Cladothrix,
form which stains deeply at each extremity, Orla Jensen's classification is based upon the nutri-
found in certain cases of whooping-cough called ; tive characteristics. In this the bacteria are grouped
also Czaplewski's bacillus, rod b., bacillus, one according as they are (i) autotrophic, i.e., able to
of the Bacteriacece. round b., coccus, one of the form protein and carbohydrates from inorganic
carbon and nitrogen ( 2) semi-autotrophic. i.e. re-
CoccacecB. spi'ral b., spirillum, one of the Spirit- ; ,

quire organic carbon compounds, but able to form

lacea. sul'phur b., a microorganism found in
protein from inorganic nitrogen; or ($) heterotrophic,
sulphur water, usually one of the Beggiatoa; these i.e., requiring for nourishment organic compounds of
bacteria are frequently colored, owing to the both carbon and nitrogen.
presence of bacteriopurpurin.
Bacte'rium [G. bakterion, dim. of baktron, a staff.]
Classification op Bacteria.
A genus of Bacteriacecp, including ellipsoidal or
The of bacteria presents unusual
classification rod-shaped, non-flagellated forms which often
difficulties, owing to their minute size, their simple unite in zoogloea masses. B. anthroposep'ticuni,
structure, and the present impossibility of differen- a, short ovoid rod, with rounded ends staining
tiating some of their forms, especially the Spirillacem,
more deeply than the center, found in a case of
from protozoan organisms. The following classifica-
tion,the one most generally accepted, is that of acute osteomyelitis with subseqttent septicemia.
Migula, proposed in 1897. The families are denoted B. co'li, Bacillus coli communis. B. glischrog'-
by black type, the genera by italics. enum [G. glischros. gluey, + gennao, I produce],
Coccaceae. Spherical forms, with division in one to an organism causing urine to become viscid. B.
three planes, forming two to eight daughter cells. gun'therii, Streptococcus lebinis. B. lac'tis
Streptococcus, cocci without flagella, dividing in one aerog'enes [G. aer, air. -f- -genes, producing], an
plane, often remaining connected so as to form
organism in the intestine of nurslings, producing
beaded chains.
1 actio and acetic acids. B. lac'tis cyanog'enes [G.
Micrococcus, without flagella, dividing in two planes;
when remaining connected, after fission, they kyanos, blue, -|- -genes, producing], gives to con-
form grape-like clusters (Staphylococci). taminated milk a bluish coloration, B. lac'tis
Sarcina, without flagella, dividing in three planes' erythrog'enes [G. erythros, red, -\- -genes, produc-
usually remaining connected to form .cubica ing], produces a reddish color in milk.
1
B. pneu-
packets. mo'niae, (i) pneumococcus; (2) pneumobacillus.
Planococcus, possessing flagella, dividing in two
B. puUo'rum, a microorganism causing white
planes, sometimes remaining connected to form
sheets. diarrhea in chickens; it is pathogenic for rabbits
Planosarcina, possessing flagella, dividing in three and possibly for man; it is found also in the eggs
planes. of infected hens. B. synxanthum (sin-zan'-
BacteriaceEB. Elongated straight cells, dividing in thum) [G. syn, together with. -|- xanthos, yel-
the transverse plane only. low], produces a yellow color in milk.
Bacterium, without flagella, sometimes with endo- B.
ter'mo [G. terynon, end (of life)], a collective term
spores.
applied to a number of putrefactive bacteria.
Bacillus, with flagella and sometimes endospores.
Pseudomonas, with polar flagella, seldom with endo- B. tularen'se, an organism identified as the patho-
spores, genic agent of a plague-like disease in rodents,
Spirillacefe. Cells forming spirals or parts of spirals, and later stated to be the cause of deer-fly
dividing in the transveise plane only. fever.* B. vulga're, Bacillus proteus vulgaris,
Spirosoma, inflexible cells without organs of loco- bacteriu'ria [G. ouron, urine.]
motion.
The passage of
bacteria in the urine.
Microspira, inflexible cells with from one to three
bac'teroid. Bacterioid,
polar flagella.
Spirillum, inflexible cells with from five to twenty bacteni'ria. Bacteriuria.
curved polar flagella forming tufts. bac'tofonn. Trade name of an alcohol
soap solu-
Spirochcpia, flexible undulating cells without flagella, tion containing formaldehyde.
but possibly a lateral undulating membrane. Bactrid'ium. A term formedy used as a generic
 ,

BACTRIDIUM log BALERI

name for the immotile rod-shaped bacteria, now and called the inner band of B. In the region
called by some Bacterium, as distinguished from of the calcarine fissure, the outer band is called
the motile Bacillus. the band of Vicq d'Azyr.
bacu'lifonn [L. baculum, a rod, + forma, form.] Baillie's pill (ba'le) [Matthew Baillie, English phy-
Rod-shaped. sician, 1761-1823.] Guy's* pill.
Badal's opera'tion (bS-dal') [Antoine Jules Badal,
Ba'ker's cyst [WilUam Morrant Baker, English
Bordeaux ophthalmologist, *i84o.] Laceration
surgeon, 1839-1896.] A collection of synovial
of the infratrochlear nerve for the relief of pain in
fluid which has escaped from a bursa and formed
glaucoma.
a new sac in the muscles or other tissues outside of
Baden-Baden, Germany (bah'den) Muriated waters
.
the joint seen in connection with osteoarthritis.
;
112° F. to' 154° F.; some twenty springs. Used ba'ker's leg. Knock-knee, in-knee, genu* valgum.
by drinking and bathing in chronic gouty aflfec-
bak'kola. A fungous growth on birch trees in Fin-
tions, chronic rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis,
land, a decoction of which is popularly used in
conditions resulting from injuries to bones and
cancer; it contains a principle resembling chrys-
joints, cutaneous, tuberculous, catarrhal affec-
arobin.
tions, syphilis,anemia, renal troubles, disorders
of the nervous system, chronic malaria, and other bal'ance [L. W-, twice, +lanx, dish, scale.] i. An
infections. apparatus for weighing; The normal
scales. :«.

Baden, Austria (bah'den). Sulphurous waters, state of action and reaction between two or more
80.6° to 96° F. Used by drinking and bath- parts or organs of the body.
ing in rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic balan'ic [G. balanos, acorn, glans.] Relating to the
gouty, tuberculous, and cutaneous affections. glans penis or glans clitoridis.
Bad nau'heim. See Naukeim. bal'anism. The employment of a pessary or sup-
bael-fmit (bel-froot), Belae fructus, Bengal quince; pository.
the dried unripe fruit of Mgle marmelos, a tree of balanitis (bal-an-i'(e')tis) [G. balanos, acorn, glans,
northern India, possessing astringent and aro- + -itis.] Inflammation of the glans penis or
matic properties employed in dysentery in doses
; glans clitoridis. b. circina'ta, a form thought to
of 3 1-2 (4 0-8 o) of a fluid extract.
. . by due to the presence of Spirochceta balanitidis,
Baelz's disease' (baits) [Erwin B. von Baelz, German b. diabet'ica, a form due to the irritation of the
physician, long resident in Tokio, 1845-19 13. saccharine urine in diabetes.
Myxadenitis labialis. bal''anobIennorrhe'a. Gonorrheal inflammation of
Baer's cav'ity (bar) [Carl Ernst von Boer, Russian the external surface of the glans penis.
anatomist, 1792-1876.] The segmentation cavity balanocele (bal'an-o-sel) [G. balanos, acorn, glans,
of the blastula. B.'s ves'icle, the ovule. + kele, hernia.] Protrusion of the glans penis
Baer's meth'od [William Stevenson Baer, through a gangrenous opening in the prepuce.
American orthopedic surgeon, *i872.] Injec- balanoposthitis (bal'an-o-pos-thi'(the')tis) [G. bal^
tion of sterilized oil into an ankylosed joint, anos, acorn, glans, -I- posthe, prepuce, -itis.J +
after the adhesions have been broken up, to Inflammation of the glans penis and overlying
prevent their reformation. prepuce.
Baerensprung's erythras'ma (bar'en-sproong). [F. balanorrhagia (baI"an-S-raj'I-ah) [G. balanos, acorn,
G. F. von Baerensprung, German physician, 1822- glans, + -rhagia.'] Hemorrhage from the glans
1865.] Eczema marginatum of the thighs. penis.
bag [A. S. baelg.] i A pouch, sac, receptacle, n The
. , balanorrhea (bal-an-6-re'ah) [G. balanos, glans, -f
udder of a cow. 3. The scrotum (vulg.). b. of rhoia, a flow.] Purulent balanitis.
waters, the membranous sac containing the Balantid'ium [G. balantidion, dim. of balantion, a
liquor amnii. bag.] A genus of ciliated Infusoria. B. co'li,
Bagdad boil. Oriental boil.* Paramecium a parasitic infusorian in the
coli,
BagnJres-de-Bigorre, France (bS-iiyer'de-be-gor'). rectum of man and
other vertebrates; whether
Saline-sulphurous-f erruginous-arsenical waters it is pathogenic or not is disputed. B. minu'tum,
72° F. to 120° F. Numerous springs. Used by a species smaller than the preceding, also para-
drinking and bathing in rheumatism, tuberculosis, sitic in the human intestine.
cutaneous disorders; affections of the respiratory Balbiani's bod'y (bahl-be-ah'ne) [Edouard Gerard
system, intestines, and urinary organs, anemia, Balbiani, French embryologist, *i82S. ] Vitelline
and diseases of women. body, i* temporary spherical structure in the
Bagnires-de-Luchon. See Luchon. vitellus of the impregnated ovum, consisting
Bagnoles-de-1'Orne, France (bS-nyol-de-lom'). Sa- of a central nodule surrounded by a zone of
line-sulphurous-lithic-silicious - arsenical - c ha y I modified protoplasm; the yolk-nucleus or idio-
beate waters, 66° F. and 80° F. Used by drink- some of the oocyte.
ing and bathing, in rheumatism, phlebitis, dis- balbuties (bal-bu'shl-ez) [L. balbus, stammering.]
eases of the digestive organs, tuberculosis, cu- Stammering, stuttering.
taneous diseases, neuroses, chlorosis, dyspepsia, bald [M.E. balled^ Without hair over a greater
congestion of the abdominal viscera, and women's or lesser portion of the scalp.
diseases. June i to October i. bald'ness. Absence of hair from a greater or lesser
Bailey Springs, Alabama. Alkaline-chalybeate portion of the scalp; calvities, alopecia.
waters; seven springs. Used in renal disease, Bal'dy's opera'tion [John Montgomery Baldy, Phila-
dyspepsia, anemia, general debility, cutaneous delphia gynecologist, *i86o.] An operation for
diseases, and inflammatory ocular affections. retrodisplacement of the uterus, consisting in
Baillarger's band (bi-yar-zha') [Jules Gabriel bringing the round ligaments through the per-
Francois Baillarger, French alienist, 1806-1891.] forated broad ligaments and attaching them to
A thin lamina of white matter separating the each other and to the back of the uterus.
baleri (bal-a-ree') [a Peuhl (African) term meaning
gray substance of the cortex cerebri into two
layers; called also the outer band of B., to distin- south.] Atrypanosomiasis of horses, asses, and
guish it from another white layer, sometimes dogs in the upper Niger valley in West Africa; the
causal agent is Trypanosoma pecaudi.
visible, separating the inner gray layer into two.
BALFOUR'S DISEASE BALSAMUM

Bal'four's disease' [George Williatn Balfour, English dried herb Chelone glabra; laxative and anthel-
physician, 1822-1903.] Chloroma. mintic, in doses of '3i~i (2.0-4.0) of a fluid-
extract.
Bal'four's infec'tive gran'ule [Andrew Balfour,
Scotch physician in Khartoum, *i873.] min- A Bal'ne's cough. A paroxysmal cough occurring
ute highly retractile granule observed in some when the patient lies down, noted in certain cases
of obstruction in the nasopharynx.
of the red blood corpuscles in the spirochete
infection of fowls; the granules are derived from balneog'raphy [L. balneum, bath, -I- G. graphs,
the spirochetes in the blood. I write.] A
treatise on mineral springs and

ball. In veterinary medicine a large pill or bolus, baths.

about the size of a man's thumb, made with honey balneol'ogy [L. balneum, bath, +
G. -logia.] The
or molasses and linseed meal as the excipient. branch of medical science which treats of the
Ball's opera'tion [Sir Charles Bent Ball, Dublin sur- constitution of natural mineral waters and their
geon, 1851-1916.] Division of the sensory therapeutic employment, especially in the form of
nerve-trunks supplying the anus, for relief of baths.
balneotherapeutics (bal"ne-o-ther-a-pu'tiks) [L.
pruritus ani.
ball-and-sock'et joint. Enarthrosis. balneum, bath, -I- G. therapeutikos, relating to heal-
ballet-dancer's cramp (bal'a-dan'surz). An occupa- ing.] Balneotherapy.
tion neurosis, marked by paresis or myalgia, bal"neother'apy [L. balneum, bath, + G. iherapeia,
especially of the muscles of the calf, in ballet treatment.] The therapeutic application of
dancers. baths.
Ballet's disease (bla-a'). [Gilbert Ballet, French bal'neum, pi. bal'nea [L.] A bath.
neurologist, 1853-1916.] Ophthalmoplegia ex- balop'ticon [G. ballo, I throw, cast, -I- optikos,
terna. B.'s sign, Paralysis of voluntary move- relating to vision.] Projector, an instrument
ments of the eyeball with preservation of the designed for the projection of the image of an
automatic movements, sometimes present in opaque object on a screen.
exophthalmic goiter and hysteria. balsam (bawl'sum) [G. balsamon; L. balsamum.] 1.
Ballingall's disease' (bal'ing-awl) [Sir George Bal- A fragrant, resinous or thick, oily exudate from
lingall, British military surgeon, 1780-1855.] various trees and plants. 2. Balm, an aromatic

Mycetoma. ointment or other form of healing application to

ball'ing-iron. In veterinary medicine, a mouth-gag wounds, b. of copai'ba, copaiba, b. of Mec'ca,'
for use when giving a ball or during operations in balm* of Gilead (1). b. of Peru', balsamum
the mouth. peruvianum. b. of St. Roc'co, a clear amber-
ballism (bal'izm) [G. ballismos, jumping about.] colored fluid of a strong onion odor, employed
1. The occurrence of lively jerking or shaking as a preserving fluid for anatomical and histo-
movements, especially as observed in chorea. logical specimens, b. of sul'phur, a suspension
2. Paralysis agitans. of sulphur in olive or linseed oil in the proportion
ballistics (bS-lis'tiks). The science of the curves of I part in 8. b. of Tolu', balsamum toluta-
taken by projectiles. num. Can'ada b., a liquid resin from the bal-
ballistophobia (bal-is-to-fo'b![-ah) [G. ballo, I throw, sam-fir Abies balsamea, used for mounting
+ phobos, fear.] A raorbid fear of missiles. histological specimens, fri'ars' b., tinctura
balloon'. To distend a cavity with air to facilitate benzoini composita; balsamum traumatictun
its examination. (N.F.) gur'jun b., wood-oil, an oleoresin from
balloon'-sick'ness. i. Pain in the back of the head Dipterocarpus alatus, a tree of India and other
and neck, dimness of vision, drowsiness, dyspnea, regions of southern Asia; employed in leprosy
and a sense of extreme fatigue, occurring in aero- and in catarrhal troubles in doses of itr 10—30
nauts on reaching a height of 10,000 to 15,000 feet; (0.6-2.0). Tur'lington's b., friars' b. Wade's
a condition similar to mountain sickness and b., friars' b.
caused by the rarity of the atmosphere. 2. A balsam'ic. j.. Relating to balsam. 2. Fragrant,
condition similar to seasickness occurring at low aromatic.
altitudes, due to the swaying and irregular motion Bal"sainoden'dron africa'num [G. balsamon, balsam,
of the car. + dendron, tree.] A tree yielding bdellium, an
ballottable (b&-lot'a-bl) . Capable of exhibiting adulterant of myrrh. B. myr'rha. Commiphora
the phenomenon of ballottement. myrrha, the source of the official mjrrrh.
ballottement (bS-lot-mon') [Fr. balloier, to toss up.] bal'samum [L. balsamum; G. balsam.on.] Balsam,
A method of diagnosis of pregnancy with the tip-
: balm. b. america'num, b. tolutanum. b. cana-
of the forefinger in the vagina, a sharp tap is den'se, Canada balsam.* b. copai'vae, capaiba.
made against the lower segment of the uterus the ; b. peruvia'num (U.S. and Br.) balsam of Peru, a
embryo, if present, is tossed upward, and if the thick, dark brown liquid balsam obtained from
finger is retained in place will presently be felt to Toluifera pereirm, used as a healing application to
strike against the wall of the uterus as it falls woimds. b. toluta'num (U.S. and Br.), balsam of
back. Tolu, a yellowish brown soft mass, obtained from
Ball'ston Spa, New York, Saline-calcic-magnesic- Toluifera balsamum; employed as a stimulant
ferruginous waters. Cathartic and tonic. expectorant, dose gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). b. tran-
ball-throm'bus. An ante-mortem clot in the heart, quillans, soothing balsam, a preparation of the
not attached to the walls or valves of the French Codex somewhat similar in composition
organ. and effect to oleum hyoscyami compositum (N.F.).
balm (bahm) [L. balsamum.] i. Balsam. 3. An b. traumat'icum, traumatic. Wade's, friars', or
ointment, especially a fragrant ointment. 3. A Turlington's balsam; benzoin 40, storax 12.8,
soothing application, b. of Gil'ead, (i) Mecca balsam of Tolu 12 .8, balsam of Peru 6.4, aloes
balsam, opobalsamum, an oleoresin from Com- 3.2, myrrh 3,2, angelica root 1.6, alcohol to
miphora opobalsamum, probably the myrrh of the make 400; employed in catarrhal conditions in
Bible; (2) the balsam fir, the source of Canada doses of 1515-30 (1.0-2.0) and by inhalation,
balsam. and formerly used as an application to wounds.
bal'mony. Snakehead, shellflower, bitter-herb, the b. vi'tae Hoffman'ni, mistura oleobalsamica (N.F.)
BALSER'S NECROSIS BANDAGE
Balser's necro'sis (bahl'zer) [August Balser, German names, cap'elline b. [L. capella, a cap], a ban-
surgeon.] Pancreatitis with areas of gangrene dage covering the head or an amputation stump
and fat-necrosis, associated occasionally with fat- like a cap. cir'cular b., one encircling a limb or
necrosis in the omentum and mesentery. the trunk, elas'tic b., one of India rubber or
Bamberger's albuminu'ria (bahm'ber-ger) [Hein- webbing employed to make pressure on a limb or
rich von Bamberger, Viennese physician, 1822- other part. fig'ure-of-8 b., a b. applied alter-
1888.] Hematogenous, albuminuria occurring in nately to two parts, usually two segments of a
anemia. B.'s disease', (i) saltatory spasm; (2)
polyorrhomeningitis. B.'s sign, (i) jugular
pulse in tricuspid insufficiency; (2) allochiria;
(3) dulness on percussion at the angle of the
scapula, clearing up as the patient leans forward,
indicating pericarditis with effusion. B.'s type,
pulmonary osteoarthropathy with drumstick
deformity of the fingers and painful thickening
of the long bones.
Bamberger-Marie disease' (bahm'ber-ger-
m^-re'). [Heinrich von Baviberger;* Pierre
Marie.*} Hypertrophic pulmonary osteo-
arthropathy. Recurrent Bandage of the Head.
banana (b4-nah'-nah) [Sp.] The edible fruit of
Musa sapientum, a tropical plant; it contains a
large quantity of starch and about 3 per cent, of
albuminoids.
band. i. Any appliance or part of an apparatus
that encircles or binds the body or a limb. 2I
Any ribbon-shaped or cord-like anatomica
structure that encircles or binds another structure
or that connects two or more parts; fascia.
anogen'ital b., the first indication of the
perineum in the embryo, atrioventric'ular b.,

Spiral Bandage: A, simple; B, reversed.

limb above and below the joint, in such a way

that the turns describe the figure 8. ham'mock
A B b., a b. for retaining dressings on the head; the

Bandages: A, gauntlet; B, figure-of-8 of the knee. dressings are covered by a wide gauze strip the
ends of which are brought down over the ears
and held while a narrow circular bandage is
passed around the head, the ends are then turned
up over the bandage and
made
other turns are
ing them firmly,
b., a b.
secur-
immov'able
of cloth impregnated,
C^Tp®
with plaster-of-Paris, liquid
glass, or the like, which
hardens soon after its applica-
tion, oblique' b., one in which
the successive turns proceed T-Bandage.
obliquely up or down the
Bandages: A, spica of the shoulder B, figure-of-8 limb, recurr'ent b., (i) a spiral b. in which a
of the shoulders. second layer is formed by turns made in a direc-
tion the reverse of the first; (2) a b. applied to the
auric"uIoventric'ulaT b., His's band or bundle
end of an amputation stump, the head, etc., over-
atrioventricular bundle.* bell'y b., a strip of
abdomen lapping strips being carried forward and back-
flannel or other material encircling the
hom'y b., Tarinus's* ward, retained by a circular b. at each equatorial
den'tate b., fascia dentata.
zon'ular turn. reverse' b., a spiral b. in which with each
band, mod'erator b., Reil's* band,
turn the strip of cloth is turned back on itself,
b., zona orbicularis [BNA].
so as to facilitate adjustment to the swelling por-
.

ban'dage. Apiece of cloth or other material, ot

other tion of a limb. roU'er b., a strip of cheese-cloth
varying shape and size, applied to a limb or or other material, of variable width, rolled into a
prevent
part of the bodv, to make compression, compact cylinder so as to facilitate its application.
also cuts
motion, retain surgical dressings, etc. See ear of grain], a figure-of-8 b.
FL. spica,
spi'ca b.
under Barton, Sculietus, and Velpeau. Bartons applied to the body and the first part of a limb,
etc., see the proper
b., Esmarch b., Galen's b.,
BANDAGE BARD'S SIGJN

which the suc- tion; longitudinal incision of the uterus from the
or to the hand and a finger, in
cessive strips overlap slightly, giving a fancied fundus to Bandl's ring.
resemblance to an ear of wheat, spi'ral b., an B&rfiny's sign (bah'rah-ne) [Robert Bdrdny, Viennese
oblique b. encircling a limb, the successive turns otologist, *i876.] In cases of ear disease, in
overlapping those preceding by one-half or one- which the vestibule is healthy, injection into
third, suspen'sory b., a, bag of silk or cotton for the external auditory canal of water below the
supporting the scrotum and testes. T-b., a ban- body temperature (65 V F. or lower) will cause
dage of two strips of cloth attached at right rotary nystagmus toward the opposite side;
when the injected fluid is above the body tem-
angles, used for retaining dressings on the
perineum, etc. perature (106° F. or higher) the nystagmus will
Bandl's ring [Ludwig Bandl, German obstetrician, be toward the injected side; if the labyrinth is
1842-1892.] Contraction ring.* diseased there is no nystagmus.
bar'ba [L.] i. The beard. 2. A hair of the beard.
ban'dy-leg. Bow leg, genu* varum.
Banff Hot Springs, Canada. Alkaline-carbonated- Barba'dos al'oes [Barbados, an island in the West
sulphureted waters, 114° F. and 195° F. Two Indies.] Aloe barbadense, see aloes. B. leg,
springs. Used for drinking and bathing. elephantiasis.
Bang's bacill'us [Bemhard L. F. Bang, Danish phy- barbaloin (bar-bal'o-in). Aloin prepared from
sician, *i848.] Bacillus abortus, an alleged Barbados aloes, used in the treatment of chronic
pathogenic microorganism in puerperal fever in constipation in doses of gr. 4-2 (0.03-0.12).
the cow. B.'s meth'od, segregation, instead of Barberio's test (bar-ba're-o) . A
saturated aqueous
slaughter, of tuberculous cows; also removal of solution of picric acid added to the washings of
the calves of infected animals immediately after a suspected stain will give a yellow crystalline
birth and feeding them with milk from healthy precipitate if the stain is that of semen.
animals or with pasteurized milk. bar'berry. Berberis.
Bang's meth'od [Ivar Bang, Swedish physiolo- bar'beis' itch. Sycosis .vulgaris.
gical chemist, 1869-1918.] Microestimation barbital (bar'W-tal). Trade name of veronal,"'
of blood constituents; determination of the diethylbarbituric acid, or diethylmalonylurea.
amounts of urea, sugar, albumin, etc. in the blood as manufactured and sold in the United States.
by the examination of one or more drops only, barbital-sodium. American made veronal-sodium,
collected on blotting paper. sodium salt of diethyl-
or soluble veronal, the
Banc de San Pablo, Mexico (bahn'yo da sahn malonylurea, employed as a hypnotic in doses
pah'blo) [Bath of St. Paul.] Alkaline-saline- of gr. S-IS (0.3-1.0).
carbonated waters. Used for bathing. barbitone (bar'bi-ton) . The name in the British
Bafios en el Pefion, Mexico (bahn'yos en el pa-nyon') Pharmacopoeia for barbital or veronal.
[Baths in the Rocky Mountain.] Alkaline-saline- barbitu'ric acid. A dibasic acid identical with
carbonated waters, 114° F. Three springs. malonylurea.
Rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, migraine, hepatic barbone (bar-bo'na) [It. bearded.] A
disease of
and gastroenteric affections, obesity, and diabetes, cattle marked by high fever, depression, loss of
bant [see banting^ To follow the banting system appetite, inflammation of the mucous membrane
for the reduction of flesh. of themouth and tongue, dyspnea, and edematous
Ban'ti's disease' [Guido Banii, Italian physician, tumefactions on face, neck, shoulders, abdomen,
contemporary.] An affection characterized by and legs. These swellings consist of a yellow
enlargement of the spleen, anemia, dyspnea, gelatiniform exudate. Death may occur in a few
cirrhosis of the liver, and ascites. hours and the mortality amounts to 40 or 50 per
bant'ing. Relating to William Banting, a London cent. The disease occurs in young animals in
undertaker (1797— 1878), who practised a system the summer season. Ovoid cocci are found in
for reducing corpulency, recommended by Wil- the blood, saliva, milk, urine, and fetal blood'
liam Harvey, and wrote a pamphlet in support of Barbone may be transmitted to the horse, ox,
it; see bantingism. sheep, pig, guinea-pig, rabbit, pigeon, and turkey.
ban'tingism [see banting.] A dietary method of Infection occurs through wounds of the skin,
treating corpulency by living chiefly on lean meat, through the digestive mucous membrane, and
avoiding fats and carbohydrates. through the pulmonary tissue.
bap'tin. A glucoside from baptisia. bar'bula hir'ci [L. dim. of barba, beard; hircus,
baptis'ia. Wild indigo, the root of Baptisia tinc- goat.] The hairs growing from the tragus,
toria, an herb of eastern and central North antitragus, and incisura intertragica at the open-
America; employed as a nerve stimulant in ing of the external auditory meatus.
fevers, in doses of nji-s (0.06-0.3) of a tincture, Bar'coo rot [Barcoo, a river in S. Australia.] i. A
and locally in the form of decoction in aphthous disease occurring in the interior of the southern
stomatitis. part of Australia, characterized by emaciation
bap'tisin (N.F.). A glucoside from baptisia, em- and extensive desquamation. 2. An affection
ployed as a tonic and astringent in doses of gr. occurring in the interior of subtropical Australia
i-3 (0.03-0.2), or njiis (l.o) of the fluid- in which a hard thick crust forms on any abraded
extract. portion of the skin; the lesion is usually dry
bar. One of the two convergent ridges on the though occasionally a little pus or blood can be
ground surface of the hoqf of a horse, united by expressed from beneath the crust; the condition
the frog, and fused with the sole in front; pars is believed by some to be the same as Veld sore.
inflexa lateralis and pars inflexa medialis. B. vom'it, attacks of nausea and vomiting ac-
bar (bahr) [G. barys, heavy.] Barye, a unit of pres- companied by bulimia affecting those living in
sure, representing one megadyne per square the interior of the southern part of Australia.
centimeter; as a unit of atmospheric pressure it is Bard's sign [Louis Bard, Swiss physician, *i8s7.]
the equivalent of 29.53 mercury inches. Increased rapidity of the oscillations, in organic
Bar's incision [Paul Bar, French obstetrician, contem- nystagmus, when the patient follows with his
porary.] An incision in the median line of the eye the examiner's finger moved back and forth
abdomen above the umbilicus, in cesarean sec- in a lateral direction.
BARDANE OIL "3 BARTHOLIN'S ANUS

bar'dane oil. A thick oil from burdock. Bar'ker's post-par'tum pills [Fordyce Barker, Ameri
Bar'del's se'rum. An inorganic serum containing can obstetrician, 1817-1891.] Pilule laxativffi
'

phenol 0.5, sodium chloride i, sodium sulphate post partum (N.F.).

2, and sodium phosphate 3, in water 100. Barkow's lig'ament (bar'kov) [Hans C. L. Barkow,
Bardinet's lig'ament (bar-de-na') [Barth^lemy German anatomist, 1798- 1873.] Ligamentous
Alphonse Bardinet, French physician, 1809-1874.] fibers running from the posterior ligament of the
The posterior band of the internal lateral liga- elbow to the upper edge of the olecranon fossa.
ment of the elbow. bar'ley. Hordeum. pearl b.,
BarigeB, Prance (bS-rezh'). Saline-sulphurous waters^ hordeum decorticatum.
45° F. to 105° P. Fifteen springs. Used by Bar'low's disease' [Sir Thomas
drinking and bathing, in chronic rheumatism, Barlow, London physician,
tuberculous affections, diseases of the bones and *i845.] Infantile scurvy.*
joints, old wounds, cutaneous diseases^ syphilis, Barnes's bag or dila'tor [Robert
and certain local paralyses. June to September. Barnes, London obstetrician,
Bareggi's test (bah-red'je) The clot formed
. 1817-1907.] A dilatable,
after 18 to 24 hours in blood from a typhoid hour-glass-s h a p e d, rubber
fever subject is soft and watery, the separated bag, made in various sizes,
serum being comparatively small in amount. used for dilating the cervix
baregin (bar-ezh'in) [Bariges, in the waters of which uteri. B.'s curve, a curve Barnes's Bag,
it is found.] Glairin corresponding in general with
baxesthesiometer (bar"es-the"zI-om'e-tur) [G. baros, Cams' curve, being the segment of a circle whose
weight, + aisthesis, sensation, + metron, meas- center is the promontory of the sacrum. B.'s
ure.] An instrument for measuring the pressure spec'ulum, a form of vaginal speculum. B.'s
sense. zone, cervical zone, the lower fourth of the preg-
Barety's meth'od (bar-a-te') [Jean Paul BarHy, nant uterus, attachment of the placenta to any
French surgeon, 1887-1912.] A modified ex- part of which may cause dangerous hemorrhage
tension method for the treatment of hip disease during child-birth.
and fracture of the thigh. bar'ograph [G. baros, weight, -I- grapho, I write.]
Barfoed's test (bahr'fed) [Christen Thomsen Bar- A form of self-registering barometer.
foed, Swedish physician, 1815-1889.] Foi' dex- barom'eter [G. baros, weight, + metron, measure.]
trose: a solution of acetate of copper in acetic An instrument for measuring the pressure of the
acid forms a precipitate when added to a solution atmosphere, either the variations of pressure in
containing dextrose. one locality determined by cyclonic and anti-
Barger's Springs, W. Va. Waters heavily charged cyclonic disturbances, or the diminution of pres-
with sulphureted hydrogen, 58° F. Rheuma- sure at elevations, thereby determining the height
tism, atonic djrspepsia, chronic cystitis, and above sea-level. The older form is a. column
general debility. of mercury in a tube sealed at its upper end, the
bar'ic. Relating to barium. pressure of the air being measured by the height
barill'a. Commercial siJphate and carbonate of of the column of mercury, an'eroid b., see
sodium. aneroid, plague b., animals, such as guinea-pigs,
ba'rium. A metallic dyad element, symbol Ba, atomic are kept in a house during the prevalence of
weight 136.4, the oxide of which is an alkaline plague in the city; if one dies it is immediately
earth, baryta, ba'rii chlo'ridum, barium chloride, examined, and if found to be plague infected, the
colorless lamellar crystals or a white crystalline necessary antiplague measures are at once
powder; employed as a heart tonic and for instituted, self-reg'istering b., barograph.
varicose veins, in doses of gr. |-i (0.012-0.06). baromet'rograph. Barograph.
ba'rii ox'idum, barium oxide, baryta, BaO. ba'rii bai'oscope [G. baros, weight, -t- skoped, I view.]
sul'phidum, barium sulphide, a grayish yellow An instrument for indicating, without accurately
powder, employed as a depilatory. weighing, the variations of atmospheric pressure.
Barium Springs, N. C. Waters contain bariuit Baros'ma [G. barys, heavy, -f- osme, odor.] A
sulphate and chloride, iron, magnesia, etc genus of shrubs of the natural order Ruiaceee
Syphilis, eczema, dyspepsia, gastric ulcer, and one species of which, B. boiulina, furnishes butch,
irritable conditions of the lymphatic system. barotax'is [G. baros, weight, -f- taxis, orderly ar-
bark. i. The envelope or covering of the roots-, rangement.] Reaction of living protoplasm to
trunk, and branches of plants. 2. Cinchona. pressure in any form.
calisa'ya b., yellow b., the dried bark of Cin- barot'topism [G. baros, weight, + trope, a uming.].
chona calisaya. cincho'na b., the dried bark Barotaxis.
of various species of Cinchona, the source of barr'en. Noting a woman who has borne no chil-
quinine and numerous other alkaloids, crown dren by reason of sterility in herself.
b., pale b. drug'gists' b., cinchona b., removed Barrier's vac'uoles (bSr-re-a') [Franfois Marguerite
from the trunk and dried in quills. Hux'ham's Barrier, French physician, 1813-1870.] Peri-
tinc'ture of b., tinctura cinchonas composita. bronchitio abscesses.
Jes'uits' b., cinchona. Lox'a b., pale b. manu- Barry's retinac'ula (bar'i) [Martin Barry, English
fac'turers' b., cinchona b., broken and pressed
biologist, 1802-1855.] Filaments running in
flat to facilitate transportation, mossed b., various directions in the Graafian follicle.
Ught colored cinchona b., the result of binding the Barth's her'nia [Jea'n Baptiste Barth, Strasburg
physician, nineteenth century.] Engagement of a
trunk with paper, cloth, leaves, etc. pale b.,
crown b., Loxa b., the dried b. of Cinchona loop of intestine between a persistent vitelline
officinalis. Peru'vian b., cinchona, red b., duct and the abdominal wall.
Bartholin's a'nus (bar'to-lin) [K.a.sp3.T Bartholin,
the dried bark of Cinchona succirubra; see cin-
chona rubra, renewed b., cinchona b. which has Copenhagen anatomist, 1655— 1738.] Aditus
been formed to cover portions of the tree previously ad aquaeductum cerebri [BNA]. B.'s duct,
tinc'ture of b., tinctura cinchona. ductus major Rivini; an occasional large duct of
denuded.
the sublingual salivary gland, running beside
yel'low b., cinchona flava.
8
BARTHOLIN'S ANUS 114 BASIFACIAL

Wharton's duct and opening with it. B.'s an electropositive element or radical which
gland, (i) glandula vestibularis major; (2) a unites with an acid to form a salt ; a compound of
division of the sublingual gland. . hydroxyl which neutralizes an acid, tak ng the
barthoUnitis (bar-to-lin-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of place in it of the hydrogen component, thereby
a vulvovaginal gland. forming a The support for the teeth in
salt. 4.

Alkaline-carbonated an denture,
artificial acidifi'able b., one which,
Bart'lett Springs, California.
waters. Used by bathing in rheumatism, gout, by union with water, forms an acid, al'dehyde
dyspepsia, and chronic b., one derived from an ammonia compound of
alcoholism. • aldehyde, allox'ur b., alloxu'ric b., xanthine b.
Bar'ton's ban'dage [John an'imal b., a leucomaine or ptomaine, hex'one
Rhea Barton, Philadel- b., a nitrogen-containing amino-body formed by
phia surgeon, 1794-1871.] the hydrolysis of a protamine; arginine, histidine,
A figure-of-8 bandage and lysine are hexone bases, his'tone b., hexone
supporting the lower jaw b. nuclein'ic b., xanthine b. pres'sor b., one
below and anteriorly, of several products of intestinal putrefaction,
employed in fracture. which are believed to cause functional hyper-
B.'s frac'ture, fracture of piesis, or high blood pressure, when absorbed.
the lower articular ex- pu'rine b., xanthine b. pyrim'idine b., certain
tremity of the radius bodies, such as cytosine, urasil, and thymine,
Bartonella bacilliformis resulting from the splitting up of protein; they
(bar-tojiel'ah ba-sil"i- are closely related to the purine bases, xan'-
for'-mis). A
rod-like Barton's Bandage. thine b., alloxur b., purine b., a group of nitroge-
organism, possibly pro- nous bodies resulting from the splitting up of
tozoan, believed to be the pathogenic agent in nucleins; such are xanthine, hypoxanthine,
Oroya fever. guanine, and adenine.
Baruch's (bar-ookh') [Simon Baruch, New
law basedoid (baz'e-doyd) [Basedow + G. eidos, resem-
York physician, *i840.] The effect of any blance.) Noting a condition resembling Base-
hydriatic procedure is in direct proportion to dow's, or Graves' disease.
the difference between the temperature of the Basedow's disease' (bah'zeh-dawv) [Karl A. von
water and that of the skin; when the tempera- Basedow, German physician, 1799—1854.] Exoph-
ture of the water is above or below that of the thalmic goiter.*
skin the effect is stimulating, when the two tem- Basedowian (baz-e-do'vi-an) . A sufferer from
peratures are the same the effect is sedative. Basedow's or Graves' disease.
B.'s sign. Persistence of an elevated rectal basement (bas'ment) Base. b. mem'brane, a very
.

temperature after the patient has been for 15 thin membrane beneath the epithelium of a
minutes in a bath at 75° F., indicative of mucous membrane and beneath the secreting
typhoid fever. glands opening on its surface.
baru'ria [G. barys, heavy, -I- ouron, urine.] gen- A bas-fond (bah-fawh'). Fundus.
eral increase in the solid constituents of the Bash'am's mix'ture [William Richard Basham, En-
urine. glish physician, 1804-1877.] Liquor ferri et
Bar'well's opera'tion [Richard Barwell, English ammonii acetatis.
surgeon, 1826— 1916.] Division of the lower end ba'sial. Relating to the basion.
of the femur above, and upper end of the tibia basialveolar (ba-si-al-ve'o-lar). Relating to both
below, the epiphyseal line, for the correction of basion and alveolar point, noting especially the
knock-knee. b. length, or the shortest distance between these
barye (bar'J( [G. harys, heavy.] Bar,* a unit of pres- two points.
sure. basiarachnitis, basiarachnoiditls (ba-se-ar-ak-ni'-
baryecoia (bai^'e-e-koyah) [G. baryehoia.l Deafness, (ne')tis, ba-se-ar-ak-noy-di'(de')tis). Inflamma-
hardness of hearing. tion of the arachnoid membrane at the base of
baiygloss'ia [G. barys, heavy, + gldssa, tongue.] the brain.
Barylalia. ba'sic. Relating to a base of any kind; basilar,
baryla'lia [G. barys, heavy, + lalia, speech.] Bary- basal; basylous.
.phonia (2), baryglossia; difiiculty in sf)eech. basicaryoplastin (bas-t-kar"!-o-plas'tin) [G. basis,
baryma'zia [G. barys, heavy, + mazos, breast.] base, + karyon, kernel, nucleus, plastin.] +
Hypertrophy of the breast. Basiparachromatin, the form of basiparaplastin
barypho'nia [G. barys, heavy, + phone, voice.] i. which occurs in the nucleus.
A deep voice. 2. Barylalia. basichromiole (bas-J-kro'nJ-ol) [G. basis, base, -I-
bary'ta. [G. fcarj/^e^, weight.] Barium oxide, BaO; chroma, color.] One of the basophil granules en-
it is caustic, and forms poisonous salts with tering into the composition of the caryomitome.
many acids. basicity (ba-sis'i-tl). i. The valence or combining
barythy'mia [G. barys, heavy, -I- thymos, mind, power of an acid, or the number of replaceable
disposition.] Depression of spirits. atoms of hydrogen in its molecule, a. The
ba'sad^ In a direction toward the base of any quality of being basic.
object or structure. basicra'nial. Relating to the base of the skull.
ba'sal. Relating to a base. 2. In dentistry,
I. basicytoparaplastin (bas-i-si"to-par-ah-plas'tin) [G.
noting the floor of a cavity in the grinding surface basis, base, + kytos, cell, 4- paraplastin.] The
of a tooth. form of basiparaplastin which occurs in the cyto-
bascula'tion [Fr. basculer, to swing.] i. The re- plasm.
placement of a retroverted uterus by a sort basid'lospore. A space formed by abstriction from
of seesaw movement. 2. Systolic recoil of the a basiditun.
heart. basid'ium. A large spore-producing cell in some of
base [G. basis.] 1. The lower part or bottom; the the lower plant forms.
part opposite the apex. z. In pharmacy, the basifa'cial. Relating to the lower portion of the
chief ingredient of a compound. 3. In chemistry face.
BASIFUGAL "S BASTIAN-BRUNS LAW

basif'ugal [L. basis, base, +

fugere, to flee.] In ba'sis [L. and G.] Base, foundation, b. cra'nii,
botany, acropetal, proceeding upward from the the base of the skull, b. pedun'culi [BNA], base
base, said of the growth of leaves. of the peduncle, pedal portion or crusta of the
basihy'al, basihy'oid. Relating to the base or body CFus cerebri, the ventral portion of the pedunculus
of the hyoid bone. (crus) cerebri passing to the outer side of the optic
bas'ilar. Relating to a base, basal, b. ang'Ie, Bro- thalamus and continuous with the internal cap-
ca's angle, see tmder angle, b. ar'tery, arteria sule its fibers descend from the cortex.
;

basilaris. b. bone, basioccipital bone, the basilar basisphenoid (bas-1-sfe'noyd). Relating to the base
process of the occipital bone which exists as an or body of the sphenoid bone; noting the inde-
independent center of ossification up to about pendent center of ossification in the embryo
the fourth or fifth year. b. mem'brane, mem- which forms the posterior portion of the body of
brana basilaris. b. meningi'tis, meningitis, the sphenoid bone.
usually tuberculous, at. the base of the brain. basisyl'vian fis'sure. Vallecula Sylvii, the portion,
b. process, the anterior portion of the occipital of the Sylvian fissure between the orbital surface
bone b. si'nus, sinus transversus. b. vein, of the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe.
vena basalis. basitem'poral. Relating to the lower part of the
basUat'eral. Relating to the base and one or more temporal region.
sides of any part. basivertebral (bas"-J-vur'te-bral). Relating to the
basilemm'a [G. basis, base, + lemma, rind.] Base body of a vertebra.
ment membrane. Basle (Basel) anatom'ical no'menclature. A
list of
basil'ic vein [G. basilikos, royal.] Vena basilica Latin terms in anatomy adopted by the German
vena mediana basilica. Anatomical Society at its meeting in Basle in
basil'icon [G. basilikos, royal.] Ceratum resinse. 1895. The terms there authorized, especially
basil'ysis [G. basis, base, + lysis, a loosening.] when they differ from the older, nomenclatu e, are
Crushing the base of the skull of a fetus when indicated in this dictionary by the sign [BNA].
delivery of a living child is impossible. basometachromophil, basometachromophile (bas"o-
bas'ilyst [G. basis, base, + lyo, I break up.] An met"ah-kro'mo-fil, or fil) [G. basis, base, -I- meia,
instrument for crushing and extracting the head beyond (change), + chroma, color, -1- philos, fond.]
aft:r craniotomy. Staining a color different from that of the sur-
ba'sin. i. A circular dish, wider than deep, with rounding substance with basic dyes.
sloping bottom. 2. The pelvis. 3. The third basophil, basophile (bas'o-fil, or fil) [G. basis, base,
ventricle of the brain. -I- phileo, I love.] 1. Having an affinity for basic
basinasal (ba'sl-na'zal). Relating to the basion and or nuclear stains, noting certain cell-granules and
the nasion, noting especially the b. length, or the tissues. 2.A cell, especially a white blood cell,
shortest distance between the two points. which stains readily with basic dyes.
basina'sial. Basinasal. basophil'la [G. basis, base, -I- phileo, I love.] x.

basioccipital (bas"i-ok-sip'J-tal). Relating to the A condition in which basophil or mast cells are
basilar process of the occipital bone. b. bone, present in undue number. 2.A degenerative
basilar* bone. condition of the erythrocytes in which they
basioglos'sus. The hyoid origin of the hyoglossus present a number of minute granules taking a
muscle. basic stain; granular degeneration, basophilic
ba'sion [G. basis, a base.] The middle point on the degeneration, punctate basophilia, punc'tate b.,
anterior margin of the foramen magnum, opposite stippling, staining of minute intracellular
the opisthion. granules with basic dyes.
basiotribe (bas'1-o-trib) [G. basis, base, tribo, I . + basophil'ic, basoph'ilous. Basophil (i).
bruise.] An instrument like a forceps with cen- basopho'bia. Basiphobia.
tral perforator, employed in craniotomy. basoplasm (bas'o-plazm. That part of the cyto
plasm which stains readily with basic dyes.
Bassini's opera'tion (bahs-se'ne) [Edoardo Bassini,
Italian surgeon, *i847.] For the radical cure of
hernia: after reduction of the hernia, the sac is
twisted, ligated, and cut off, obliterating the
canal; then a new canal is made by uniting the
edges of the rectus and internal oblique muscles
and joining them to the transversalis fascia and
Poupart's ligament, placing on this the cord, and
covering the latter by the external oblique which
is also sutured to Poupart's ligament.
Bassler's sign (bas'ler) [Anthony Bassler, New
Taeniee's Basiotribe. York physician, *i876.] In chronic appendi-
citis pinching the appendix between the thumb

basiotrip'sy. Basilysls. of the operator and the iliacus muscle causes

basiparachromatin (bas-i-par-ah-kro'ma-tin). Basi- sharp pain; the tip of the thumb is pressed into
caryoplastin. the abdominal wall halfway between the
basiparaplastin (bas-I-par-ah-plas'tin). The baso- umbilicus and the anterior superior spine of th«
phil or amphobasophil form of paraplastin. ilium and is then pushed to the right.
basip'etal [L. basis, base, -I- petere, to seek.] In a bast. [A.S. bcBst.] The fibrous inner portion of the
direction toward the base; in botany, noting a bark of linden and other trees.
bas'tard. i. Illegitimate. 2. Spurious.
form of branching or leaf-formation in which the
Baste'do's sign [W. A. Bastedo, New York physician,
youngest members are near the base.
basipho'bia [G. basis, a stepping, + phobos, fear.] *i873.] Pain and tenderness in the right iliac
An insane fear of walking. fossa on inflation of the colon with air, in cases of
basirrhi'nal. Relating to the base of the rhinen- chronic appendicitis.
Bas'tian-Bruns law [Henry Charlton Bastian, Eng-
cephalon.
 —

BASTIAN-BRUNS LAW ii6 BATTLEY'S SEDATIVE DROPS

lish neurologist, 1837-1915; Ludwig Bruns followed by rubbing and a cold plunge, sand b.
German neurologist, *i8s8.] Loss of all reflexes (i) covering the body with warm dry sand;

in total obstruction of the conducting paths of (2) an arrangement whereby a substance to be

the cord, high up. treated (in chemical operations) is in a vessel
Bastianelli meth'od (bahs-tyah-nel'le) [P. Basiia- which is protected from the direct action of the
fire by a layer of sand, sitz b. [Ger. sitzen, to
nelli, Italian surgeon, contemporary.] Sterilization
of the skin 'of the abdomen, prior to operation, by sit], a hip bath, the patient sitting in the tub,

the application of a i-iooo solution of iodine crys- the legs being outside, tem'perate b., one at a
'

and when this has dried, of a mixture

tals in benzin, temperature of about 78° F. (26 2° C).
. tep'id b.,

of equal parts of alcohol and tincture of iodine. one in water at a temperature of about 86° F.
ba'syl [G. basis, base, +
hyle, stuff.] The base or (30° C). Turk'ish b., a hot-air bath followed
electropositive element of a salt. by rubbing and hot and cold douching, warm b.,
bas'ylous. Basic, relating to the basyl or base of one at a temperature of about 98° F. (36.6°C.).
a salt. water b., see water*-bath.
Bate'man's disease' [Thomas Bateman, London phy- Bath, England. Saline waters, 120° F., 117° P.
sician, 1778-1821.] I. MoUuscum contagiosum. and 104° F. Three springs. Used by bathing and
2. Alopecia areata. B.'s her'pes, herpes iris. B.'s drinking, in chronic rheumatism, gout, neuralgia;
pec'toral drops, tinctura pectoralis (N.F.). digestive, respiratory, and nervous disorders;
bath. 1. The immersion of the body or any of its anemia, and cutaneous diseases.
parts in water or any other yielding or fluid Bath Alum Springs, Virginia. Acid-chalybeate-
medium; or the application of such medium in aluminous waters. Five springs. Cutaneous
—
any form spray, vapor, affusion, jets, etc. diseases, chronic diarrhea, relaxed conditions of
to a part or the whole of the body. 2. The the mucous membranes, and general debility.
apparatus employed in giving a bath of any May to November.
form. The term is qualified according to the bath'mic. Relating to bathmism. b. evolu'tion,
medium used: water bath, air bath, sand bath, orthogenic evolution, a change of type due to
mud according to the temperature of
bath, etc.; something inherent in the constitution, inde-
the medium: hot, warm, tepid, temperate, cool, dependent of the environment.
and cold (see below); according to the form in bath'mism [G. bathmis, a step.] The vital force
which the medivun is applied: spray baths, vapor governing the function of nutrition.
bath, douche bath, etc.; according to the medica- bathmotrop'ic [G. bathmos, threshold, -I- trope, a
ment added to the medium: acid bath, alkaline turning.] Influencing nervous and muscular
bath, alum bath, astringent bath, mustard bath, excitability in response to stimuli, neg'atively
sulphur bath, etc. and according to the part
; b., lessening, and pos'itively b., increasing nerv-
bathed: full bath, foot bath, sits bath, etc. Baths ous or muscular irritability.
are given in therapeutics for their local effect bath"yanesthe'sia, bathyanEesttie'sia [G. bathys, deep,
upon the skin in cutaneous disorders or for their -I- an- priv. + aisthesis, sensation.] Loss of deep
effect upon the nervous or circulatory system, or mesoblastic sensibility.
either relaxing or stimulating. The science bathycar'dia [G. bathys, deep, + kardia, heart.] A
which treats of bathing, especially bathing in condition in which the heart occupies a lower
the sea or in the waters of mineral springs, is position than normal, but is fixed there, being
called balneology; the branch of therapeutics thereby distinguished from cardioptosis.
which deals with the local or general application bathyesthesia, bathyaesthesia (bath"i-es-the'zl-ah)
of water in various forms and at various tempera- [G. bathys, deep, + aisthesis, sensation.] Sensa-
tures, chiefly for its systemic effects, is called tion in the parts below the surface of the body;
hydrotherapy or (incorrectly) hydropathy, air b., the muscle sense, deep or mesoblastic sensibility.
the exposure of the naked body to the air, either bathyhyperesthesia (bath-i-hi"per-es-the'z!(-ah)
cold or warm, an'imal b., the application of [G. bathys, deep, -|- hyper, above, + aisthesis,
the warm tissue of a, recently killed animal to sensation. ] Exaggerated sensitiveness of the
any part, blood b., a, b. in the warm, freshly muscular tissues and other deep structures.
drawn blood of an animal. Brand b., see Brand. bathyhypesthesia (bath-!(-hip"es-the'zi-ah) [G.
cold b., one in water at a temperature of 45° F. bathys, deep, -|- hypo, under, + aisthesis, sensa-
(7.5° C. or lower), cool b., one in water at a tion.] Impairment of sensation in the deeper
temperature of about 68° F. (20° C). douche b., parts; partial loss of the muscle sense.
the local application of water in the form of a batrachoplasty (bat'rak-o-plas-tl) [G. batrachos, frog,
large jet or stream, elec'tric b., electrothera- ranula, + plasso, I form.] An operation for the
peu'tic b., (i) one in which the medium is charged cure of ranula.
with electricity; (2) the application of static batt'ery. An apparatus for the generation of
electricity, the patient standing on an insulated galvanic electricity by chemical action; it may
platform, foot b., pediluvium. full b., one in consist of one cell or of any number of cells
which the entire body is immersed, grad'uated connected in a series, farad'ic b., an apparatus
b., one in which the temperature of the water is for producing induced electricity, galvan'ic b.,
gradually lowered, half b., one in which only one in which an electric current is produced by
the hips and lower extremities are immersed. chemical action, stor'age b., secondary b., one
hot b., one in water at a temperature of about in which chemical energy is stored and produces
106° F. (41° C.) or over, hydroelec'tric b., an electric current fora considerable period.
electric b. (i). moor b., immersion of the body Bat'tey's opera'tion [Robert Battey, American
in thin mud taken from a swamp or other uncul- surgeon, 1828-1895.] Removal of the normal
tivated tract. Nau'heim b., see Schott* treat- ovaries to induce an artificial menopause for the
ment, nee'dle b., one in which water is thrown cure of uterine fibroids and other conditions.
forcibly against the body in the shape of many Battle's sign (bat'l). Postauricular and sub-
very fine jets, rain b., (i) one taken by standing conjunctival ecchymosis in cases of fracture of
naked in the rain; (2) a very gentle form of the base of the skull.
shower bath. Rus'sian b., a warm vapor bath Bat'tley's sed'ative drops [Richard Battley, English
BATTLEY'S SEDATIVE DROPS 117 BEARD
chemist, 1770-1S56.] Opium 3, water 30, alcohol the internal angle or canthus of the eye, in which
6; dose TT55-15 (0.3-1.0). are the puncta lacrimalia, or openings of the
Baudelocque's diam'eter (bod-lok') [Jean Louis lacrymal ducts.
Baiidclocque ,Parisian obstetrician, 1745— 1810.] Bayard's ecchymo'ses (ba-yar') [Henri Louis
External conjugate. B,'s u'terine cir'cle, Bandl's Bayard, French physician^ 1812-1S52.] Sub-
ring, contraction ring. pleural and subpericardial hemorrhages in
Baudelocque's opera'tion (bod-lok') [Louis Auguste infants who have been sviffocated in utero;
Baudelocque, Parisian obstetrician, nephew of see Tardieu's* ecchynioses.
Jean Louis B., 1S00-1S64.] B.'s elytrotomy, tiay'berry. i. The fruit of Myrica cerifera, wax
an incision through the posterior cul-de-sac of myrtle, candle-berry. 2. The fruit of Laurus
the vagina for the removal of the ovum, in ex- nobilis, the baytree.
trauterine pregnancy. baycuru'. The root of L-imonitim brazUiensis 01
Siaiice brazUiensis, a plant of South America;
astringent and hemostatic, employed in the treat-
ment of diarrhea and dysentery and in metror-
rhagia and hemoptysis in the form of a decoction
or in doses of ttp_io-2o (o. 6-1 3) of a fiuidextract.
.

Bayle's disease' [Gaspard Laurent Bayle, French

physician, 1774-1816.] General paralysis of the
insane. B.'s granula'tions, miliary tubercles.
bayonet-leg (ba' j-net). The deformity caused by
a permanent backward dislocation of the bones
of the leg at the knee-joint.
bay-rum. A toilette preparation distilled from a
maceration of bay leaves (from Myrcia acris)
in Santa Cruz rum; also made from oil of myrcia
according to the formula for spiritus myrcia
(U.S., 1890).
^%J^^ Bazin's disease'
Bazin, Paris
(bah-zah') [Antoine Pierre Ernest
dermatologist, 1807-1S7S.] i.
Storage Battery. Buccal psoriasis. 2. Erythema nodosum.
B.B. Mineral Springs, Missouri Sulphated-saline-
Bauhin's gland (bo-an') [Gaspard Bauhin, Swiss aluminous waters. Two springs. Used by
anatomist 1560— 1624.] Glandula lingualis an- drinking and bathing for rheumatism.
terior, B.'s valve, valvula* coli, the ileocecal bdella (del'ah) [G. leech.] A
leech, hirudo.
valve, a fold of mucous membrane where the bdellatomy (del-at'o-ml). Bdellotomy,
ileum empties into the cecum. bdellepithecium (del-ep-l-the'sl-um) [G. bdella,
baume du commandeur (bom du cum-mahh-der'') leech, + epi, upon, + iheke, a box.] A cylinder
[Fr. commander's balsam.] A medieval vul- for holding a leech until it has fastened itself
nerary containing aloes. to the skin.
Baum^ scale (bo-ma') [Antoine Baume, French bdellium (del'I-um). A
gum from Balsamodendron
chemist and pharmacist, 172S-1804.] One of africanuni, a common adulterant of myrrh.
two hvdrometer scales for determining the specific Also a gum from B. niiikul of India, and another
gravity' of liquids heavier and lighter than water from H yphcene ihebaica of Egypt.
respectively. To read the Baume scale in bdellot'omy (del-ot'o-ml) [G. bdella, leech, + iome,
terms of specific gravity: for liquids lighter incision.] Incision into or cutting off the end
than water divide 140 by 130 plus the Baume of a sucking leech so that the blood may escape
degree; for liquids heavier than water divide from its body allowing it to continue sucking.
145 by 145 minus the Bauin^ degree. B.E. [Ger. Bacillen-EmulsionJ] Bacillary emul-
Baumes' law (bo-mes') [Jean Baptiste Timothee sion; see under tuberculin.
Baumes, French physician, 1777-1828.] Colles's beaded (be'ded). i. Marked ly numerous small
law. B.'s symp'tom, pain behind the sternum rounded projections, often arranged in a row
in angina pectoris. like a string of beads; see rachitic* rosary. 2.
Baumgarten's method (bowm'gar-ten) [P. von Noting a line of stroke or stab culture formed of
Baumgarten, German pathologist, *iS48.] For a series of non-continuous colonies; see cut
the differentiation of the leprosy and the tubercle under culture, B, 2.
bacillus: smears are fixed and stained in dilute beaker (be'kur). A thin glass vessel, with a lip
alcoholic fuchsin for five minutes, decolorized in a for pouring, used by chemists for heating liquids.
10 per cent, solution of nitric acid in alcohol, Beale's cells [Lionel Smith Be-a/^, English physician,
washed, counterstained in methylene blue, again 1828-1906.] A bipolar cell of the heart with one
washed, and mounted; the leprosy bacillus is spiral and one straight prolongation. B.'s stain,
stained red, the tubercle bacillus blue. a fluid of carmine i, ammonia 3, glycerin 96, dis-
baunscheidtism fbown'shit-izm) [Carl Baunscheidi, tilled water 96, 95 per cent, alcohol 24.

a German mechanic, 19th century.] A method Beall Spring, Georgia. Alkaline-saline-chalybeate-

of producing counterirritation in the treatment calcic-sulphureted waters. LTsed for drinking in
of various diseases, by puncturing the skin with renal diseases and cystitis.
i. The flattened seed, contained in a pod, of
an instrument set with numerous needles, and bean.
then rubbing in croton oil or other irritant. various leguminous plants, of the genera Vicia
Bava'rian splint. A plaster-of-Paris splint made and Phascolus. 2. A hard, rounded or oval
of two folds of canton flannel with plaster body resembling a bean in shape. Cal'abar b.,
between. physostigma. cas'tor b., ricinus. Igna'tius b.,
bay [a body of water indenting the line of the coast.] ignatia.

In anatomy, a recess containing fluid, noting bearberry (bair'ber-i). Uva ursi.

specifically the lacrymal bay, a slight recess at beard (herd) [A. S.] Barba, the hair on the face of a
BEARD ii8 BEHEN

the hair growing on and yielding object on which one lies or sleeps. 2. In
man; specifically,
beneath the chin. anatomy, a base or structure giving support to
another, b. of the nail, the part of the finger
Beard's disease' [George M. Beard, American physi-
cian, 1839-1883.] Neurasthenia. which forms a support to the nail, anterior to
bear's foot. Polymnia: tonic and laxative, em- the matrix.
bed'bug. Cimex lectularius; its bite produces
ployed in rheumatism in doses of ITII3 (0.2) of a
fluidextract. urticarial wheals with a central hemorrhagic
bear's weed. Eriodictyon point.
bedclothes, picking at. Carphalogia, floccilation.
beat [A.S. beatan.] i To strike to throb or pulsate
. ;

2. Astroke or pulsation, as of the heart or pulse Bedford Alum, Iron, and Lithia Springs, Virginia.
Acid-chalybeate-aluminous waters. Alterative,
Beau's disease (bo) [Joseph Honor6 Simon Beau,
Paris physician, 1806-1865.) B.'s syndrome, diuretic, slightly astringent, tonic.

cardiac asystole. B.'s lines, the transverse Bedford Chalyb'eate Spring, Penn. Calcic-chalyb-
corrugations on the finger nails after typhoid eate waters. Mild laxative and diuretic: used in
fever and other exhausting diseases. B.'s syn'- amenorrhea, anemia and general debility.
drome, asystole. Bedford Magne'sia Spring, Penn. Alkaline-saline-
Beauperthuy's treat'ment (bo-per-tu-e') [Louis calcic wat rs. Used by drinking, in hepatic dis-
Daniel Beauperthuy, West Indian physician.] turbances abdominal engorgement, chronic con-
Treatment of leprosy by mercury bichloride. stipation, rheumatism, gout, and flatulent
Beauvais' disease' (bo-veh'). Chronic articular dyspepsia.
rheumatism. bed'lam [St. Mary of Bethlehem Hospital in London.]
beb'eerine. An alkaloid, CisHjiNOa, from nectan- An insane asylum
dra bark, or bebeeru; tonic and antiperiodic in Bed'nar's aph'thse [Alois Bednar, Viennese physi-
doses of gr. 2-5 (o. 13—0.3) of the sulphate. cian, 19th century.] An affection of the new-
bebee'ru. The bark of Neciandra rodicei, a large bom consisting of two yellow, flattened, slightly
tree on the coast of Guiana; employed as an elevated patches one on either side of the median
antiperiodic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0) of raphe of the palate they are often ulcerated.
;

the powder. bed'sore. Decubitus an ulceration occurring on a

;

Beccaria's sign (bek-kah're-ah) Occipital pulsa-. part of the body exposed to pressure in one con-
tion in pregnancy. fined to the bed by a protracted or debilitating
bechic (bek'ik) [G. hex, cough.] i. Controlling disease.
cough. .£. A cough remedy. bed-wetting. Nocturnal enuresis, nycturia.
Bechterew's disease' (bekh-ter'yef) [Vladimir Mi- bee [A.S. bed, hi.\ An insect of the genus Apis;
khailovich von Bechterew, Russian neurologist, the honey-bee, A mellifica, is the source of honey
,

*i8s7.] Spondylitis deformans. B.'s nu'cleus, and wax.

the upper part of the nucleus of Deiters in which Beebe's serum Palmer Beebe,
(be'biz se'rum) [Silas
the fibers of the vestibulai: nerve ch efiy termi- New York A serum
physician, contemporary.]
nate. B.'s re'flfexes, (a) deep, when the foot and obtained from the blood of animals from whom
toes are passively plantar-flexed, dorsiflexion of the thyroid gland has been removed, employed
the same follows and is succeeded by a movement in hyperthyroidism.
of flexion of the knee and hip (6) hypogastric, con-
;
bee-bread. Borage.
traction of the lower abdominal muscles follows Beech'am's James Beecham, English manu-
pills [Sir
stroking of the skin of the internal surface of the facturer the pills
of contemporary.] Laxa-
thigh (c) pupil, dilatation of the pupil on expos-
;
tive pills prepared according to a secret formula,
ure to light, occasionally noted in general paral- said to contain aloes 0.5 gr., ginger 0.55 gr., and
ysis and tabes dorsalis. B.'s symp'tom, paralysis soap 0.18 grain in each pill.
of the facial muscles limited to the automatic beeftea (bef-te'). An infusion or hot-water extract
movements, the power of voluntary movement of lean beef bouillon.
;

being retained. beer. An alcoholic beverage made from an infusion

Beck's Hot Sulphur Springs, Utah. Muriated and of malted barley or other farinaceous grain, to
sulphated saline waters, 128° F. Used by which an infusion of hops is added, the whole
drinking and bathing in rhevimatism, gout, being then fermented. The alcoholic strength
tertiary syphilis, cutaneous affections, and of the average beer is about 3 per cent.
chronic metallic poisoning. Beer's opera'tion (bar) [Georg Joseph Beer, Aus-
Beck's meth'od [Emil G. Beck, Chicago surgeon, trian ophthalmologist, 19th century.] Flap
*i866.] Treatment of tuberculous cavities in operation for cataract.
bone by scraping and filling with a 30 per cent, beer-heart. An hypertrophied heart consequent
bismuth nitrate paste. upon the greater "load" resulting from an ex-
Beck'er's phenom'enon [Otto Heinrich Enoch cessive consumption of fluids.
Becker, German oculist, 1828-1890.] Pulsation bees^tings. The first milk given by a cow after
in the retinal arteries in exophthalmic goiter. calving.
B.'s test, for astigmatism, the subject is directed Beg'bie's disease' [James Begbie, Edinburgh physi-
to look at a diagram of lines radiating in all cian, 1798-1869.] 1. Graves' disease, exoph-
directions, in sets of three, and to indicate thalmic goiter. 2. Localized chorea.
which appear blurred. beget' [A.S. begiian.] procreate. To
B€clard's her'nia (ba-klar') [Pierre Augustin BSclard, Beggiato'a [J. Beggiato, Italian botanist.] genusA
French anatomist, 1785-1825.] Hernia through of Thioihrix or sulphur bacteria.
the opening for the saphena vein. Beggiatoa'ceae. A family of Schizomycetes, includ-
Becquerel rays (bek-rel') [Antoine Henri Becquerel, ing cells in the form of elongated filaments
French physicist, 1852-1908.] Radiations, re- with undulating membrane, not enclosed in a
sembling in many respects the »-rays, given off sheath
by uranium salts. behaviorism (be-ha'vyor-izm). Objective psychol-
bed. I. A platform affording support for the body ogy, the psychology of behavior.
in the horizontal position; a mattress or other be'hen. The root of Cenlaurea behen or of Statice
 ;

BEHEN 119 BENEDICT'S TEST

limoniwrn. b. oil, the expressed oil from the and used to check secretions dose gr. f-2 (0.03-
;

seeds of Moringa aptera. 0.12). belladon'nae ra'dix (U.S. and Br.), bella-
Behring's law (ba'ring) [Emit v. Behring, German donna root, the dried root of Airopa bellado na,
physician, 1854—1917.] The serum of an im- containing o .per cent, of mydriatic alkaloids
5
munized person will confer immunity against employed for the same purposes as the leaves
the same disease on another into whom it is in- in doses of gr. 1—2 (0.06—0.12).
jected. B.'s.tuber'culins, see under tuberculin. belladonn'ine. An artificial alkaloid derived from
Beigel's disease' (bi'gel) [Hermann Beigel, German atropamine by warming with hydrochloric acid.'
physician, 1830-1879.] A
trichomycosis of false bell-crowned. Noting a tooth the crown of which
hair, communicated also to the natural hair in has a mesiodistal diameter much greater than
contact with it, resembling piedra or lepothrix; that of the neck.
the microorganism supposed to be concerned in Bellini's ducts (bel-le'ne) [Lorenzo Bellini, Italian
its production is called the chignon fungus. anatomist, 1643-1704.] The straight tubules of
Bekhtereff's disease'. See bechterew. the kidneys- B.'s lig'ament, a fasciculus of the
bel'ae fruc'tus. (B.A.) Bael or bel fruit, the fresh capsular ligament of the hip extending to the
half ripe fruit of jEgle marmelos, Bengal quince- great trochanter.
tree; employed as an astringent in dysentery. bell' -metal res'onance. See resonance.
belch [A.S. bcelcian.] To eructate; to raise gas Belloc's' cann'ula or sound [Jean Jacques Belloc
from the stomach. or Belloq, French surgeon, 1732-1807.] A
belch'ing. Eructation. hollow sound containing a curved spring, used for
belem'noid [G. belemnon, a dart, + eidos, resem- passing a thread through the nostril and mouth
blance.] Dart-shaped, styloid. in order to draw in a plug in case of profuse
Bel'field's opera'tion [WilUam Thomas Belfield, epistaxis.
Chicago surgeon, *i8s6.] Vasostomy. bellones (bel-onz'). Pedunculated tumors in the
Belknap Hot Medical Springs, Oregon. Muriated- posterior nares of the horse; they sometimes fall
sSIine-calcic waters, 188° F. One spring. Used b^ck over the opening of the glottis, causing inter-
by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, syphilis, mittent roaring.
and cutaneous diseases. Belloste's pill (bel-losf) [Augustin Bellosie, French
Bell's delir'ium [Luther V. Bell, American physi- surgeon, 1654— 1730.] Metallic mercury, white
cian, 1806-1862.] Specific febrile delirium of honey, aloes, of each 0.05; black pepper 0.008;
Dercum, a very intense delirium associated with rhubarb, 0.025; scammony, 0.017. ^-'s solu'-
high fever but no physical signs of pneumonia, tion, liquor hydrargyri nitrici oxydulati.
any exanthema, or other general disease. B.'s bell sound. Bell-metal resonance.*
dis'ease, typhomania. bell'y. J.. The abdomen; the stomach; the womb.
Bell's law [Sir Charles Bell, Scotch physiologist, 2 .The prominent thick central part of a muscle.
1774-1842.] Magendie's law, the anterior spinal b.-ache, colic, b. -bound, constipated, b. -but-

roots are motor, the posterior sensory. B.'s ton, umbilicus, swollen b., in veterinary medi-
paral'ysis, B.'s pal'sy, peripheral facial paralysis. cine, tympanites.
B.'s phenom'enon, a patient with peripheral belonepho'bia [G. belone, needle + pkobos, fear.]
facial paralysis cannot close the eyelids of the Morbid fear of needles, pins, and other sharp-
affected side without at the same time moving pointed objects.
the eyeball upward and outward B.'s respi'- Belyando spew (bel-yan'do spu) [Belyando, a dis-
ratory nerve, a branch of the brachial plexus trict of Queensland, Australia.] Grass-sickness.
supplying the serratus magnus muscle, nervus ben. Behen.
thoracalis longus [BNA]. B.'s spasm, mimic Bence- Jones' albu'min [Henry Bence-Jones, London
tic, not associated with tic dotUoureux. physician, 18 14-18 73.] An albumose-like sub-
Bell's meth'od [William Blair Bell, Liverpool physi- stance found in the urine in osteomalacia, mye-
cian, contemporary.] For estimating the amount lomata, and various other conditions. B.-J.'s
of calcium (not bound up with protein) in the bodies, coagula of albumose occurring in the
blood; 100 c.mm. of blood is mixed with 250 c.mm. urine in disease involving the bone-marrow.
of a 1—30 aqueous solution of oxalic acid; after B.-J.'s cyl'inders, gelatinous cylindrical bodies
i n the spermatic vesicles. B.-J. reac'tion, a test
standing for 10 minutes, 250 c.mm. of glycerin, 5
parts, in 95 parts of a i per cent, solution of acetic for albumose which is precipitated by nitric
acid is added; 100 c.mm. of the mixture is then acid, redissolved on boiling, and thrown down
added to 500 c.mm. of distilled water, and of this again as the fluid cools.
one drop is placed in a Thoma counting chamber bend. A curve, an angle, a turn.
bends. Caisson disease, especially a mild form in
and the crystals of calcium oxalate are counted.
The relative number of crystals as compared which pain and temporary weakness are the
chief symptoms,
with those in a 1-6000 solution of calcium
beneceptor (be-ne-sep'tor) [L. bene, well, -I- capere, to
oxide in distilled water constitutes the calcium
index.
take.] A nerve organ or mechanism (ceptor) for
mus'cle [John Bell, Scotch anatomist, 1762- the appreciation and transmission of stimuli of a
Bell's
beneficial character.
1820.] Aband of muscular fibers, forming a
from Ben'edict's test (A. L. Benedict, American physi-
slight fold in the wall of the bladder, running
cian, *i86s.] Bubbling heard on auscultation
the uvula to the opening of the ureter on
either
of the stomach after the exhibition of sodium
side, bounding the trigonum.
+
donna, lady.] bicarbonate indicates the presence of hydro-
belladon'na [It. bella, beautiful,
chloric acid, the loudness of the sound varying
Deadly nightshade, Airopa belladonna, a peren-
shimng with the amount of HCl present.
nial herb with dark purple flowers and
Ben'edict's test [Stanley R. Benedict, American
purplish black berries. The leaves and
root
belladon'na fo'lia physiological chemist, contemporary.] For glu-
are employed in medicine,
the dried leaves cose in the urine; add 8 to 10 drops of urine to
(U.S. and Br.), belladonna leaves,
of Atropa belladonna, containing 0.3
per cent, of S c.c. of a solution of copper sulphate crystals
17.3, sodium or potassium citrate 173.0,
mydriatic alkaloids mydriatic, narcotic, anodyne,
;
 .

BENEDICT'S TEST 1 20 BENZOYL

sodium carbonate crystals 200 o, distilled .

chain* compound, meth'yl hydrox'y b., phen-
water 1000.0; boil vigorously for a minute or methylol.
two then allow to cool; if glucose is present the ben'zidine. Paradiaminodiphenyl, a grayish-yellow
solution will become opaque and red, yellow, or crystalline powder; used as a reagent in the
greenish in hue; a faint blue turbidity does not analysis of water.
indicate sugar. benzin, benzine (ben'zin, ben-zen'). Benzinum.
benedic'tine. A cordial distilled at Fecamp in benzi'num, Benzin, petroleum benzin, petroleum
Prance formerly made by the Benedictine monks.
;
ether, a purified distillate from American petro-
Pen'edikt's syn'drome [Moritz Benedikt, Viennese leum; a transparent, colorless fluid, used as
physician, *i835.] Hemiplegia with clonic spasm a solvent, b. purifica'tum (U.S.), purified
or tremor and oculomotor paralysis on the oppo- petroleum benzin sometimes employed as a
site side. parasiticide.
beneficiary (ben-e-fish'I-a-ri) [L. beneficiarius; bene- benzoate (ben'zo-at). A salt of benzoic acid.
ficium, a favor, benefice. The person to whom ben'zoated. Containing benzoic acid or a benzoate,
the amount specified in an insurance policy is usually sodium benzoate.
payable. benzo'ic. Relating to or derived from benzoin,
benign (be-nln'). Mild in character, said of an acidum benzoicum.
b. acid,
illness; not malignant, not liable to recur, said of benzoin (ben'zojTi). Benzoinum.
a neoplasm. benzo'inol. Trade name of a substance resembling
Bdniqufi's sound (ba-ne-ka') [Pierre Jiiles BSni- liquid parafiin, used as a menstruum for local
quS, Paris physician, 1806-1851.] A sound of remedies applied to the mucous membrane of the
lead or block tin of wide curve used to dilate nose and throat.
strictures in the male urethra. benzoi'num (U.S.). Benzoin, a balsamic resin
ben'ne oil. Oleum sesami, an oil expressed from Slyrax benzoin; a stimulant expectorant in doses
the seeds of Sesamum indicum, an herb of India of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0), but usually employed by
and other tropical countries. inhalation in laryngitis and bronchitis. .,

Benn'et's cbr'puscles [James Henry BeAnet, benzoiodohydrin (ben-zo-i"o-do-hi'drin) Chlorio- .

English obstetrician, 1816-1891.] Fatty cells dobenzoic-acid glycerin ester; a brownish yellow
occurring in ovarian cysts. fatty substance employed, when saccharated, as
Benn'ett's disease' [John Hughes Bennett, English a substitute for the iodides dose, 3' (4.°).
;

physician, 181 2— 1876.] Leucemia. ben'zol (Br.). Benzene, a. mixture of homologous

Ben'nett's frac'ture [Edward Hallaran Bennett, Dub- hydrocarbons, chiefly benzene and toluene,
linsurgeon, 1837-1907.] Fracture of the proximal obtained from light coal-tar oil; has been em-
end of the first metacarpal bone, passing obliquely • ployed in whooping-cough and influenza in dosess

through the base of the bone, and detaching of nj5-io (0.3-0.6), and locally for the destruc-
the greater part of the articular facet it simu- ; tion of pediculi.
lates a dislocation of the thumb. ben'zolism. The symptoms occasioned by the in-
Bentley Springs, Maryland. Alkaline-saline-calcic halation of benzol vapors.
waters. Two principal springs; about one hun- benzonaph'thalene. A
mixture of naphthalene and
dred others. Used by drinking in renal, hepatic, benzoic acid.
gastric, and intestinal affections. ben'zonaphthol. Benzoyl* naphthol.
benzacetin (ben-zas'e-tin). Acetamidomethylsali- benzoni'trile. Phenyl cyanide, a colorless oil with
cylic acid anodyne in doses of gr. 8— 1 5 (o 5-1 o)
; . . the odor of bitter almonds, derived from benzoic
benzac'onine. A non-crystallizable alkaloid, a deriv- acid by the action of lead sulphocyanate.
ative of aconitine. benzoparacresol (ben"zo-par-ah-kre'sol). An in-
benzaldehy'dum, benzal'dehyde (U. S.) Essential testinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 4 (0.25).
oil of bitter almond, an aldehyde produced arti- benzophenoneid (ben"zo-fe-no'ne-id). Anon-caustic
ficially or obtained from oil of bitter almond, con- germicide, tetramethyl-diapsidobenzo-phenoid,
taining 85 per cent, of pure benzaldehyde a color- ; employed like yellow pyoktanin in ulcerative
less liquid having the odor of oil of bitter almond lesions of the cornea, skin, and mucous mem-
and an aromatic taste used as a flavoring agent in
; branes.
doses of HUi—J (0.015-0.03). benzopy'rine. Antipyrine benzoate.
ben'zamide. Obtained by the action of ammonium benzosal'icin. Populin, benzoyl* salicin.
carbonate on benzoyl chloride occurring in color-
; benzosal'in. Trade name for the methyl ester of
less platelets. benzoylsalicylic acid; a white crystalline powder,
benzanal'gen. Trade name of an anodyne and anti- soluble in alcohol and ether, but not in water;
septic substance obtained from chinolin dose, gr. ; employed in rheumatism and neuralgia in doses of
8-30 (0.5-2.0). gr.8-15 (0.5-1.0).
benzanili'dum, benzan'ilide. Phenylbenzamide, ben'zosol. Guaiacol* benzoate, benzoyl guaiacol.
benzoylanilide, a colorless, scaly, crystalline pow- benzosulphin'idum (U.S.). Glusidum (Br.), benzo-
der; employed as an antipyretic in doses of gr. sulphinide, sucrose, saccharin; the anhydride of
3-10 (o. 2-0.6). orthosulphanide benzoic acid, a whitish, very
benzene (ben'zen). Benzenum, benzol, chemical sweet, crystalline powder; employed as a sub-
formula, C,Hj, a hydrocarbon from light coal-tar stitute for sugar in cases of glycosuria, and as a
oil; a thin, colorless, inflammable liquid; has been urinary antiseptic; dose, gr. 1-5 (0.06-0,3).
employed by inhalation in pertussis, and inter- ben'zoyl. The benzoic acid radical, C,H jO, forming
nally for trichiniasis in doses of nj^s-io (o. 3-0.6), benzoyl compounds or benzoates. b. chlo'ride,
but is now seldom so used. b. bro'mide, a C(jH,COCl, a colorless liquid of pungent odor,
gas einployed in warfare as a lacrymator derived from benzoic acid by the action of phos-
or tear gas.* b. nu'cleus, the six carbon phorus pentachloride used as a reagent, b.
;

atoms of the b. ring. b. ring, the closed-chain gly'cin, b. gly'cocoU, hippuric acid. b. guai'acol,
arrangeinent of the carbon and hydrogen guaiacol benzoate. b. meth'ide, hypnone. b.
atoms in the benzene molecule, as shown in the naph'thol, s white, tasteless, odorless, crystalline
graphic formula of that substance; see closed- powder obtained from betanaphthol by the action
BENZOYL BEST'S OPERATION

of benzoyl chloride; employed as an intestinal occurring in endemic form in eastern and south-
antiseptic in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). b. em Asia, and sporadically in other tropical and
peroz'ide, a crystalline substance made by the mild temperate regions; it prevails especially in
interaction of sodium peroxide and benzoyl armies, prisons, ships, and wherever large num-
chloride; employed in 2 or 3 per cent, solution bers of men are kept together. There is stiffness
in oil as an application to tdcers and to bums of the muscles with atrophy, neuritic pains, and
and scalds b. Bal'icin, populin, benzosalicin, paresis. Dyspnea is frequent and in certain
CjiHjjO, +
sHjO, a glucoside from the bark and forms, called wet b., edema is a prominent symp-
leaves of Populus niger and P. tremula, occurring tom. Beriberi is a deficiency disease due to a
in the form of a white powder, antipyretic in lack of vitamines in the diet; in the far East it is
doses, of gr 2—4 (o 13—0 25).
. . largely due to the almost exclusive use of pol-
ben'zyl. A hydrocarbon radical, CjH„ or CjHjCHj. ished rice.
b. al'cohol, phenmethylol, phenyl carbinol, Ber'kefeld fil'ter. A filter of diatomaceous earth
CeHs.CHa.OH, a, substance possessing marked through which bacteria of ordinary size cannot
local anesthetic properties, b. ben'zoate, a salt pass, so that the filtrate is practically sterile.
possessing marked antispasmodic properties, Berkeley Springs, W. Va. Light calcic-chalybeate
employed in biliary and renal colic, asthma, high waters, 75° P. Used by drinking and bathing
blood pressure, uterine colic, etc. for rheumatism, gout, dyspepsia, diarrhea,
benzyl'ic. Relating ,to or containing benzyl. rickets, and general debility.
benzyl'idene. A
hyd ocarbon radical, CjHj. Ber'lin-blue. Prussian blue, ferrocyanide of iron,
Bfraneck's tuber'culin (ba-ran-ek') [Edmond B6- used as a dye in histology.
raneck, Swiss zoologist and bacteriologist, *i859.] Ber'ljn's disease' [Rudolf Berlin, German ophthal-
See under tuberculin. 1 mologist, 1833—1897.] Commotio retinae.
B^rard's an'eurysm (ba-rar') [Auguste BSrard, Bernard's canal' or duct (bair-nar') [ClaudeBerKoj'rf,
French surgeon, 1802-1846.] An arteriovenous French physiologist, 1813-1878.] Santorini's
aneurysm in the tissues outside of the injured vein. duct, ductus* pancreaticus accessorius. B.'s
B&aud's lig'ament (ba-ro') [Bruno Jean Jacques punc'ture, diabetic* puncture.
BSraud, French surgeon, 1823-1865.] Vertebro- Bernard-Sergent syn'drome (bair-nar' sair-zhan').
pericardial ligament, extending from the junction Diarrhea, vomiting, and collapse occurring in
of the 4th and 5th dorsal vertebrae to the peri- Addison's disease.
cardium. B.'s valve, Krause's* valve. Ber'nays' sponge [Augustus Charles Bernays, St.
Berberida'cese. An order of polypetalous dicotyl- Louis surgeon, 1854-1907.] A compressed disc of
edonous plants, which includes the barberry, or aseptic cotton which swells when moistened used ;

berberis. in packing cavities.

ber'berine. An alkaloid, CjoHi^NO,, from berberis, Bern'hardt's disease' [Martin Bernhardt, Berlin
occurring in yellow needles or prisms of bitter neurologist, 1844— 19 15.] Meralgia parsesthe^
taste; employed like berberis in doses of gr. 2-5 tica; also called Bernhardt-Roth's syndrome.
(0.13-0.3). Bemheimer's fi'bers (bern'hi-mer) [Stefan Btrn-
ber'beris, gen. berber'idis (N.F.). i. Barberry, heimer, Austrian oculist, *i86i.] A bundle
Oregon grape root, the rhizome and roots of Ber- of white fibers connecting Luys' body with the
beris aquifolium, B. nervosa, and other species of optic tract.
Berberis; tonic and antiperiodic in doses of gr. berr'y [A.S.
berie.] In botany, an indehiscent
15-60 (1.0-4.0). 2. (B.A.). The dried stem fruit with succulent pulp (pericarp) containing
of B. aristata; similar to the preceding. the seeds, and with a tough epicarp or skin.
ber'gamot. The fruit of Citrus bergamia, the rind Berthollet's fluid (ber-to-la') [Claude Louis Berthol-
of which contains the oil of bergamot, used as a let, French chemist, 1748-1822.] A mixture of
perfume. the solutions of sodium chloride and sodium
bergap'ten. A camphor-like substance obtained hypochlorite. B.'s law, salts in solution will
from the oil of bergamot. always react upon each other so as to form a less
Bergenhem's opera'tion (bair'gen-hem) [B. Ber- soluble salt, if possible.
genhem, Sweaish surgeon, contemporary.] A bertillonage (bur'til-on-aj) [Alphonse Beriillon,

method for the implantation of the ureter French scientist, 1853-1914.] A method of care-
into the rectum. ful physical measurements of recruits, criminals,
Berger's meth'od (bair-zha') [Paul Berger, French and others for purposes of identification, j

surgeon, *i84S.] Treatment of transverse frac- Bertin's bones (ber-taii) [Exupfere Joseph Berlin,
ture of the patella by suture of the fragments. French anatomist, 1712-1781.] Conchae sphe-
noidales, sphenoidal turbinals. B.'s col'unm,
Berger's paresthe'sia (bair'ger) [Emil Berger, Aus-
trian physician, contemporary.] Paresthesia of columna renalis. B.'s lig'ament, Bigelow's liga-
the legs in young patients, especially at the be- ment, ligamentum iliofemorale. B.'s oss'icles,

ginning of a movement. B.'s symp'tom, irregu- conchae sphenoidales.

larity of the pupil sometimes observed in tabes
beryll'ium. The element glucinum.
Berze'lius's quan'titative meth'od [Baron Johan
and general paralysis.
Bergeron's chore'a (ber-zh«-rawn') [Etienne Jules Jakob Berzelius, Swedish chemist, 1779-1848.]
Precipitation of albumin by acetic acid and weigh-
Bergeron, Parisian physician, 18 17-1900.] Elec-
called Bergeron-Henoch's ing the precipitate. B.'s test, for albumin in the
tric chorea (2); also
urine by the addition of metaphosphoric acid.
disease.
beset'ment. Obsession.
Bergmann's incis'ion (bairg'mahn) [Ernst von
Besnier's rheu'matism (ba-ne-a') [Jules Besnier,
Bergmann, German surgeon, 1 836-1907.] An Chronic
French physician, nineteenth century.]
incision in the flank for exposing the kidney. _^
[BergoniS, synovitis.
Bergonie meth'od (bair-gii-ne-a')
Best's operation [Vans Best, Scotch surgeon, 1836-
Bordeaux physician.] General faradization for
the reduction of fat.
1875.] A
radical operation for hernia, consisting
in a subcutaneous suture of the abdominal
beriberi (ber'i-ber'I) [Singhalese, very bad
illness.]
ring.
Kakk^, endemic neuritis; a specific polyneuritis,
 .;
:

BESTIALITY 122 BICARBONATE

bestiality (bes-tl-al'i-tl) Sexual relations with Beur'mann's disease' [Lucien de Beurmann, French
an animal. physician, contemporary.] Disseminated gum-
Bestusheff's tinc'ture (bes-too'shef) [Count Alexei matous sporotrichosis.
Petrovich B estusheff-Riumin, Russian field Beuttner's meth'od (boyt'ner) [Oskar Beuttner,
marshal, 1693-1766.] Tinctura ferri chloridi German gynecologist, contemporary.] Partial
ffitherea (N.F.). extirpation of the adnexa, with preservation of a
be'ta [L] Beet. portion of the ovaries, and transverse cuneiform
be'ta [G.] The second letter of the Greek alphabet, excision of the fundus uteri.
p. Used in chemical nomenclature to de- Bev'an's incis'ion (Arthur Dean Bevan, American
note the second in a series of compounds; see surgeon, *i86o.] An incision along the lateral
alpha, b. granule, b. rays, b. substance, etc., see border of the rectus abdominis exposing the
these words. gall-bladder.
be'tacism [G. beta, the second letter of the alphabet.] Beyerinck's reaction (bi'er-ink) [M. W. Beyerinck,
A defect in speech in which the sound of b is Dutch physician, contemporary.] On the addi-
given to other consonants. tion of a few drops of sulphuric acid to a twenty-
beta-eucaine (be"ta-u'kah-en). Benzoylvinyldiace- four-hour culture of cholera spirilla in o 5 per .

tonalkamine hydrochloride, CijHjjOjN HCl cent, peptone solution a bright rose-violet color
-l-HjO, occurring in colorless crystals; a local is produced; cholera-red reaction.

anesthetic, employed as a substitute for cocaine. bezoar (be'zor). A concretion formed in the
beta-iminazolylethylamine (be"tah-im-in-az"o-lil-e- stomach or intestine in ruminants, formerly, and
thil'am-en). Ergamine. still in certain countries of the far East, regarded

betaine (be'tah-en). Trimethyl glycocoU, oxyneu- as of therapeutic value.

rine, a crystalline alkaloid, CjHuNO^, a d'ecom- Bezold's ab'scess (bets'olt) [Friedrich Bezold, Mu-
position product of lecithin, occurs in Beta nich otologist, 4842-1908.] A
deep abscess in
vulgaris (the common beet) and in many vege- the neck associated with suppuration of the
table and animal substances; is said to be an middle ear and purulent sinus thrombosis.
emmenagogue in doses of gr. 2-4 (0.13-0.26). B.'s mastoidi'tis, primary mastoiditis. B.'s
b. hydrochlo'ride, acidol; has been employed in perforation, perforation on the inner surface of
tetanus; dose gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3). the mastoid. B.'s sign or symp'tom, inflamma-
beta-naph'thol (U.S. and Br.). A buif colored tory edema at the tip of the mastoid process in
powder or yellowish scales, a phenol occurring in mastoiditis. B.'s tri'ad, diminished perception
coal-tar and also prepared from naphthalene of the deeper tones, retarded bone conduction,
employed internally as' an intestinal antiseptic and negative Rinne's sign, pointing, in the
in doses of gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3), ^"d externally in absence of objective signs, to otosclerosis.
scabies, eczema, and certain other skin diseases. BF. [Fr. bouillon filtrS, filtered bouillon (culture).]
b.-n. sal'icylate, naphthyl salicylate. Denys' tuberculin; see under tuberculin.
beta-oxybutyric acid (be"tah-oks-i-bu-tir'ik as'id) bhang (bang) [Hind.] Cannabis indica.
An acid, CH3.CHOH.CH2.COOH, one of the Bi. Chemical symbol of bismuth.
acetone bodies occurring in the blood and urine bi- [L. bis, twice.] A prefix denoting two, twice,
in severe cases of diabetes. or double.
be'tel (B.A.) The dried leaves of Piper belle, a Bial's test (be'ahl). To 5 c.c of a boiling mixture
climbing East Indian plant stimulant and nar-
; of 30 per cent, hydrochloric acid, 500 c.c, 10 per
cotic; the fresh leaves are wrapped around the cent, ferric chloride, 25 drops, and orcin, i gram,
betel nut (Areca catechu) and lime, and chewed. addo.5 c.c. of the suspected urine if pentoses are
;

beth'root [corruption of birthroot.J Birthroot, present a green color appears.

trillium. Bianchi's nod'ule (be-ahng'ke) Giovanni Battista
be'tol. Naphthyl salicylate. Bianchi, Italian anatomist. 1681— 1761.] Nodu-
beton'ica. Wood betony, the root of Siackys 1 us valvule semilunaris.

betonica, Betonica officinalis, formerly employed Biarritz, France (be-S-rits'). Saline waters (brine
as an emetic and cathartic. springs of Briscons). Used by bathing in ane-
Bett'endorff's test [Anton Joseph Hubert Maria mia, chlorosis, and pulmonary diseases. August
Bettendorff, German chemist, *i839.] P""" arsenic to May.
after mixing the suspected fluid with hydro- biarticular (bi-ar-tik'u-lar) [L. bi-, double, two, -|-
chloric acid a solution of chloride of tin is added; articulus, joint.] Diarthric, relating to two
when now a piece of tin foil is added a brown joints.
precipitate forms. biasteric. Biasterionic.
Bet'ula [L.] A genus of trees or shrubs of the biasterionic (bi-as-ter-1-on'ik). Relating to both
order Betulacece, birch, yielding an oil containing asterions, noting especially the b. diameter, or 6.
methyl salicylate, and employed internally and width, the shortest distance from one asterion to
externally to meet the same indications as oil the other.
of wintergreen; see oleum betulee. B. al'ba, white biauricular (bi-aw-rik'u-lar) Relating to both
.

birch, the source of oleum betulae empyreumati- auricles, in any sense.

cum rectificatum of the National Formulary. biba'sic. Noting an acid having two hydrogen
B. len'ta, sweet bir^h, yields the official methyl atoms replaceable by bases to form salts.
salicylate, formerly called oleum betulffi, oil of bibiru (be-be'roo). Bebeeru.
sweet birch, or oil of teaberry. bi'bo [native African name.] Ornithodorus moubata.
bet'ulin. .A. resin from the white birch. bib'ulous [L. bibere, to drink.] Absorbent.
bet'ulol. Trade name of a preparation of methyl bicam'eral [L. camera, chamber.] Having two
salicylate, used externally in rheumatism. cavities or hollows, noting especially an abscess
between'-brain. Diencephalon. divided by a more or less complete septum.
Betz's cells [Philipp Friedrich Bete, German physi- bicap'sular. Having a double capsule.
cian, *i8 19.] Large pyramidal cells in the Rolan- bicar'bonate. Any carbonate having two parts
dic area, especially in the cortex of the pre- or equivalents of carbonic acid to one of the
central gyrus. base.
 *

BICAUDAL, BICAUDATE 123 BILE

caudal, bicaudate (bi-kaw'dal, bi-kaw'dat) [L. man physician, 1827-1892.] Pernicious anemia.
Cauda, Having two tails.
tail.] B.'s sign, Gerhardt's sign.
1. Composed of two cells,
bicell'ular. z. Having Biernacki's sign (byer-naht'ske) [Edmund Adolfo-
two compartments or chambers. vich Biernacki, Polish pathologist, 1866-1912.]
biceph'alus [L. bi-, double, +
G. kephale, head.] Analgesia of the ulnar nerve (the "funny-bone,"
Dicephalus. sensation being absent) in tabes dorsalis and
Weeps [L. fci-, double, +
caput, head.] Having two dementia paralytica.
heads; noting especially certain muscles, which Biesiadecki's fos'sa (bya-syah-det'ske) [Alfred von
see under musculus. Biesiadecki, Polish physician, 1839-1888.] Fossa
bicep'tor. A
receptor having two complementophile iliacosubfasciahs.
groups. Biett's col'lar (be-et') [Laurent Theodore Bieit,
Bichat's canal' (be-shS') [Marie Pranpois Xavier Swiss physician in Paris, 1781-1S40.] A raised
Bichat, French anatomist, 1771-1802.] Arach- epidermic ring surrounding a, papulolenticular
noid canal, extending from the third ventricle to syphilide. B.'s solu'tion, a solution of ammon-
the middle of B.'s fissure. B.'s fat-pad corpus ium arsenate, employed locally in skin diseases.
adiposum buccse. B.'s fis'sure, a. horseshoe- bi'fid [L. bifidus, forked.] Split or cleft; separated
shaped fissure, with concavity forward and down- into two parts.
ward, below the corpus callosum, its extremities bifo'cal. Having two foci; noting a lens used in
being continuous with the fissure of Sylvius. cases of presbyopia, in which one portion is suited
B.'s fora'men. B.'s canal. B.'s lig'ament, the for distant vision, the other for reading and near
lower fasciculus of the posterior sacroiliac liga- work in general.
ment. B.'s mem'brane, lamina basalis. B.'s bifo'rate [L. bi-, twice, -|- )oratus, perforated.]
protu'berance, B.'s fat-pad. B.'s tu'nic, the Having two openings.
tunica intima of the blood-vessels. bifur'cate, bifur'cated [L. bi-, two, + furca, fork.]
bichlo'Tide. Noting a compound having two parts Forked, two-pronged, having two branches.
or equivalents of chlorine to one of the other bifurca'tlon. A forking; a division into two
element. branches
bicho (be'cho). Carihir epidemic gangrenous Big Bone Springs, Kentucky. Saline-sulphureted
proctitis. waters.
bicliro'mate. Noting a salt having two parts or Bigelo'via [Jacob Bigelow, Boston physician and
equivalents of chromic acid to one of the base. botanist, 1787— 1879]. A
genus of composite
bicil'iate (bi-sil'I-at) . Having two cilia. plants. B. vene'ta, a species from which damiana
bicip'ital. i. Two-headed. 2. Relating to a biceps is obtained.
muscle. Big'elow's Ugament [Henry Jacob Bigelow, Boston
BijCCOg)!. Bismuth carbonate. surgeon, 1816-1890.] Y-ligament, ligamentum
bicon'caye. Concave on two sides, noting especia'ly iliofemorale. B.'s sep'tum, calcar femorale.
a form of lens. bigemina (bi-jem'i-nah) . Pulsus bigeminus.
bicon'vex. Convex on two sides, noting especially bigem'inal [L. ij-, two, + geminus, twin.] Paired,
a form of lens. 1
double, twin. b. bod'ies, corpora bigemina the
bicor'nous, bicor'nuate, bicor'nate [L. cornu, horn.] anterior pair, or nates, of the corpora quadri-
Two-homed; having two processes or projections. gemina of the brain.
bicus'pid [L. bi-, two, -t- cuspis, point.] Having bigem'inum. One of the bigeminal* bodies.
two points, prongs, or cusps, b. tooth, one of the biger'minal [L. bis, in a twofold manner, + germen,
false molar or premolar "teethe see tooth, b. bud, germ.] Relating to two germs or ova.
valve, mitral valve, valvula* bicuspidalis. big-head. Osteoporosis (2).
Bid'der's gang'Uon [Heinr ch Friedrich Bidder big-knee. i. In cattle a bursitis over the knees
German anatomist in Dorpat, 18 0—1894.] One due to injury from the hard floor of the cow-
of two ganglia on the cardiac nerves in the septum bam, when getting up or lying down. 2. In
between the atria just above the atrioventricular horses a tumor involving the bony structure of
septum. the knee-joint, of the nature of spavin or ring-
bidermoma (bi-dur-mo'mah) [L. M-, two, double, bone.
-f G. derma, skin, -f- -oma.] Didermoma, a big-leg. Lymphangitis of the leg in the horse.
teratoid growth representing two germ-layers. bi'labe \L. bi-, two, -|- labium, lip.] A slender for-
bidet' [Ft, a small horse.] A tub for a sitz bath, ceps for seizing and removing urethral or small
Having also an attachment for giving vaginal or vesical calculi.
rectal injections. bilat'eral [bi-, two, + latus, side.] Relating to, or
Biebrich scarlet (be'brikh skar'let). Scarlet* red. having two sides.
Bieg's test (beg). If hearing is better through an bilateralism (bi-lat'er-al-izm) . A condition in
ear trumpet attached to a catheter in the Eusta- which the two sides are symmetrical.
chian tube than through one resting in the exter- bil'berry. The fruit of Vaccinium myrtillus, the
nal auditory meatus, there is probably destruc- European whortleberry or blueberry.
tion of the ossicular chain in the tympanum. bile [L. bilis.] Gall, fel; the yellowish brown or
bienn'ial [L. bi-, two, +
annus, year.] i. Occurring green fluid secreted by the liver; it contains so-
once in two years, z. Lasting two years; in dium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate,
botany, noting a plant which springs from the cholesterin, biliverdin and bilirubin, mucus, fat,
seed the first year, and blossoms and dies the '
and lecithin; it is discharged into the duodenum
second season. and there assists in the emulsionizing of fats,
Bier's meth'od (ber) [August Karl Gustav Bier, increases peristalsis, and retards putrefaction.
Berlin surgeon, *i86i.] i. Coming's method of absence, acholia. calculus, cholelith, gallstone, car-
spinal anesthesia. 2. Treatment of various rying or containing, biliferous, choledochus. causing
surgical conditions by artificial hyperemia secretion, cholagogue. deficiency, ^oligocholia, ex-
cess^ hyperchoHa, polycholia. sormation, cholopoiesis.
induced by suction or by constriction of the inspissation^ pachycliolia. in the blood, cholemia.
proximal portion of the limb. in the urine, choluria. suppression, ischocholia.
Biermer's disease' (ber'mer) [Anton Biermer, Ger- vomiting, cholemesia.
BILE-CYST 124 BINET-SIMON TEST

bile -cyst. Gall-bladder. pigment, CitHieNsOj, identical or isomeric

bile

One of the excretory ducts of the liver, with hematoidin.

bile-duct.
biliru'binate. A chemical compound containing
ductus biliferus. com'mon b.-d., ductus chole-
bilirubin.
dochus. cys'tic b.-d., the duct leading from the
bi'lis [L]. Bile, fel, gall. b. bu'bula [L. bubulus,
gall-bladder to the common b.-d.
pertaining to cattle], fel bovis.
Bilhai'zia [Theodor Bilharz, German helmintholo-
biliverdin (bil"S-vur'din) [L. bilis, bile, ,+ Pr. verd
1825-1862.] A genus of trematode worms,
gist,
(L. viridis) green.] A green pigment, Ci6H2oN20t,
now called Schistosomum. ,

in human bile and that of the herbivora.

Relating in any way to the
bilhar'zial, bilhar'zic.
hmmatobium or Bilharzia.
biliver'dinate. A
chemical compound containing
parasite Disloma
biliverdin.
bilharzi'asis, bilharzio'sis. Bilharz disease, Egyp- bilixanthin (biW-zan'thin) [L. bilis, bile, G. +
tian hematuria, a morbid state caused by the xanthos, yellow.] A
yellow oxidation product of
presence in the organism of some species of Bil- bilirubin, CioHisNoOo.
harzia, or Schistosomum (blood flukes) the symp- ;
Billroth's anesthet'ic (bil'rSt) [Christian Albert
toms are caused chiefly by the presence of the Theodor Billroth, Viennese surgeon, 1829-1894.]
eggs in the bladder, rectum, or liver and spleen, A mixture of alcohol and ether, each 30.0, and
and consist in hematuria and irritation of the chloroform, 100. B.'s disease', malignant lym-
bladder and rectum, or signs pointing to the phoma. B.'s opera'tion, excision of the pylorus
liver and spleen with ascites and cachexia. with end-to-end anastomosis of the stomach and
bil'iary. Relating to bile. b. cal'culus gallstone. duodenum. B.'s strands, trabeculae lienis. B.'s
paroxysmal pain due to the pas-
b. col'ic, severe su'ture, buttonhole suture.
sage of a gallstone through the cystic and com- bilo'bate [L. bi-, two, + lobus, lobe.] Having two
mon bile-ducts, b. duct, bile-duct. b. secre'- lobes.
tion, (i) the bile;the secretion of bile.
(2) bilob'ular [L. bi-, two, +
lobulus, lobule.] Having
bilicyanin (bil"i-si'an-in) [L. bills, bile, -|- G. kyanos, two lobules.
blue. ] A pigment resulting from the oxidation of biloc'ular [L. bi-, two, -(- loculus, cell.] Bicellular,
biliverdin; it is blue in an alkaline medium, bicameral.
purple in an acid one. biloc'ulate. Bilocular.
bilifac'tion, bilifica'tion [L. bilis, bile, + facere, to Bim'ana [L. bi-, two, -|- manus, hand.] An order
make.] The formation of bile. of Mammalia, coextensive with the genus
bilifla'Tin [L. bilis, bile, +flavus, yellow. A yel- Homo: it is now generally abandoned, the sub-
low pigment derived from biliverdin. order of Primates which includes man being the
+fulvus, tawny.] A mix-
biliful'vin [L. bilis, bile A nthropoidea.
ture of bilirubin with other substances of an biman'ual [L. bi-, two, + manus, hand.] Relating
indeterminate nature. to, or performed by, both hands.
bilifuscin (biH-fus'in) [L. bilis, bile, + fuscus, bimas'toid [L. bi-, two. ] Relating to both mastoid
dusky.] A dark green pigment, CioHaoN20i, processes.
found in gallstones. bi'nary [L. binarius, consisting of two.] Noting a
bilihu'min [L. bilis, bile,+ humus, earth.] A black- chemical compound containing two elements.
. ish residue left after treatment of
bile with binaural [bin-aw'ral) [L. bini, a pair, + auris, ear.]
various solvents. Relating to both ears; binotic.
bil'in. An extractive from bile consisting of a mix- binauriciilar (bin-aw-rik'u-lar). Biauricular.
ture of sodium glycocholate and sodium tauro- bind (bind) [A.S. bindan.] i. To bandage con-
cholate. fine, encircle with a band. 2. To join together
Bilin, Bohemia (be'lin). Alkaline-carbonated wa- with a band or ligature. 3. To unite with, to
ters. Cold. Used by drinking and bathing neutralize; noting the combination of the toxin
in catarrhal conditions, rheumatism, gout, renal and antitoxin molecules, or of two substances
calculi, hepatic disorders, diabetes, and dyspep- having a chemical affinity.
sia. May IS to September 30. bindei' (bin'der). i. A
broad bandage, especially
bilineurine (bil"i;-nu'ren). CtHuNOj, a poisonous one encircling the abdomen. 2. Anything that
ptomaine from many organic substances; choline. binds, as in the case of the antitoxin molecule;
bil'ious. I. Biliary, relating to bile. 2. Noting see bind (3). obstet'rical b., a broad piece of
a digestive disturbance marked by anorexia, muslin, covering the abdomen from the ribs to
furred tongue, constipation, headache, more or the trochanters, tightly pinned at the back,
less vertigo, and occasionally slight jaundice, affording support after childbirth
assumed to be dependent upon disordered func- bind web (blnd'web). Neuroglia.
tion of the liver. 3. Suffering from biliousness. biner'vate. Having two nerves, neurons, veins, or
biliousness (bil'yus-nes) A minor ailment, thought
. ribs, noting an insect's wing or a leaf.
to depend upon a slight disturbance of the hepatic Binet age (be-na') [Alfred Binet, French psychol-
functions; ee bilious (a) ogist, 1857-1911.] The age of the normal child
biliphe'in [L. bilis, bile, -I- G. phaios, dusky.] Biliful- with whose intellection (as measured by the
vin, bilirubin, cholophein; the brown or orange- Binet-Simon tests) the intellection of the abnor-
red coloring matter of bile, or a, mixture of the mal child corresponds. The Binet age of the
same with other indeterminate substances. idiot is 1 to 2 years; of the imbecile,
3 to 7 years;
bilipra'sin [L. bilis, -f prasum, leek.]
bile, A of the moron, 8 to 12 years. B. test, submitting
green pigment, similar to, if not identical with, a child or an adolescent to a mental examination
biliverdin. by asking him a series of questions graded ac-
bilipur'pin, bilipur'purin [L. bilis, bile, purpura, + cording to the intelligence of normal children at
purple.] A
purple pigment derived from biliver- different ages; according to the answers given the
din. subject is gaaded as normal, backward, a moron,
bilipyrrhin (bil"!(-pir'rin) [L. bilis, bile,-|- G. pyrrhos, an imbecile, or an idiot; see above, Binet age.
flame-yellow.] Bilifulvin. Binet-Simon test (be-na'se-mawfi') [Alfred Binet
biliru'bin [L. bilis, bile, +
ruber, red.] reddish A Th. Simon.] Binet* test.
[NG TEST 12S BIOTOXIN

ng test [Albert Bing, Austrian otologist, *i844.] bion'omy [G. bios, life, -1- nomas, law.] The laws
The patient signals at the instant he no longer of life the science which treats of the laws regu-
;

hears a vibrating tuning-fork in contact with the lating the vital functions.
sktiU; the xtemal auditory canal is then closed biono'sis [G. bios, life, +
nosos, disease.] disease A
with the finger and the found is again heard if the due to some living pathogenic agent.
middle ear is unobstructed biophagism, biophagy (bi-of'a-jizm, bi-of'a-jl) [G.
liodide (bin-i'o-did) [L. bint, double.] com- A bios, life, + phago, I eat.] The deriving of
pound having two equivalents of Iodine to one nourishment from living organisms.
of the other element. bioph'agous. Feeding on living organisms, not-
(NOj),. Bismuth nitrate. ing certain parasites.
locular (bin-ok'u-lar) [L. bini, paired, oculus, + bi'ophore [G. bios, life, + phoreo, I carry.] The
eye.] Adapted to the use of both eyes, said of an ultimate unit, according to Weissmann, an
optical instrvunent. aggregation of which composes the determinant,
lo'tic [L. bini, a pair, + G. ous(dt-), ear.] Bin- which in turn is one of the imits forming the
aural. id; it is so named on the supposition that in it
lov'ular [L. bini, pair, 4- omilum, dim. of ovum, resides the vitality of the cell.
egg ] Relating to two ova. biophysiog'raphy [G. bios, life, + physis, nature, +
lozide (bin-oks'id) [L. bini, pair.] compound A grapho, I write.] The branch of biology which
containing two parts or eqmvalents of oxygen to deals with the natural history of living organisms;
one of the other element. descriptive biology.
luclear, binucleate (bi-nu'kle-ar, bi-nu'kle-at) [L. biophysiology (bi"o-iiz-)[-ol'o-jI) [G. bios, life, -|-
bi-, two, +
nucleus.] Having two nuclei. physis, nature, +
-Iogia.} The science of the
au'cleolate [L. bi-, two.] Having two nucleoli. development, morphology, and functions of liv-
nz's test (bints) [K. Bim, German pharmacologist, ing organisms.
1832— 1912.] For quinine in the urine: a pre- bi'oplasm [G. bios, life, -I- plasma, thing formed.]
cipitate is thrown down on the addition of iodine Protoplasm, especially in its relation to living
2, potassium iodide i, in water 40, if quinine is processes and development.
present. bioplas'mic. Relating to bioplasm.
'oblast [G. bios, life, + blastos, sprout, germ.] bioplas'mih. The hypothetical constituent of the
I. Micella 2. Altmann's* granule. cjrtoplasm upon which the life and functional
achemi'cnl (bi-o-keml-kal). Relating to physio- activity of the cell depends.
logical chemistry. bioplas'son [G. bios, life, -1- plasson, forming.]
ochemics, biochemistry (bi-o-ke^'iks, bi-o-kem'is- Elsberg's term for protoplasm.
trl) [G. bios, life.] Physiological chemistry. bi'oplast [G. bios, life, + plastos, formed.] An ame-
ochemy (bi-ok'em-I). Biochemistry. boid cell, leucocj^e, lymphocyte.
liO)2CO,. Bismuthyl carbonate, subcarbonate of bioplas'tic. i. Relating to a bioplast. 2. Promot-

bismuth. ing growth, noting the energy derived from food;

ocolloid (bi-o-kol'oyd) [G. bios, life, -I- colloid.] vegetative.
A colloid existing in, and supplying the stable bi'opsy [G. bios, life, -I- opsis, vision.] Examination
part of the plant or animal organism. of tissues, normal or morbid, excised from the
odynam'ic. Relating to biodynamics or to the living body.
vital force. bior'bital [L. fct-, two.] Relating to both orbits.
sdynam'ics [G. bios, life, + dynamis, force.] bios (bi'os) [G. bios, life.] A
substance found in
Biophysiology, the science dealing with the force ctdtures of growing yeast which is supposed to be
or energy of living matter. necessary to the growth of yeast in any medium.
'ogen G bios, life, + gennao, I produce.] i. bi'oscope. Any instrument employed in bioscopy.
Protoplasm. 2. One of a number of unstable bios'copy [G. bios, life, -1- skopeo I view.] Exam-
molecules in protoplasm which are assumed to ination of the body made to determine the pres-
be continually undergoing assimilation and ence or absence of life.
disassimilation. 3. The assvmied substance of bio'sis [G. biosis, life.] Life in general; the state of
the soul or spiritual body. a living organism.
9gen'esis G bios, life, + genesis, origin.] The biostat'ics [G. bios, life, +
statikos, causing to stand.]
origin of living things from living things, as 1. Thescience of metabolism; of the relation
opposed to abiogenesis or spontaneous genera- between structure and function 2. The science

tion. which has to do with the average expectation of

Dgenet'ic. Relating to biogenesis. life; that is, with health under varying conditions.

okinefics [G. bios, life, -I- kinesis, motion.] Biot's bre«th'ing (be-o') [Camille Biot, French phy-
The branch of science which treats of the changes sician, nineteenth century.] Rapid respiration
which developing organisms undergo. with rhythmical pauses, occurring commonly in
ilogical (bi-o-loj'-J-kal) Relating to Diology. meningitis.
il'ogist. A student of Biology. biota (bi'o-tah) [G. biote, life.] All living things,
jl'ogy [G. bios, life, *• iogia.] The branch of the combined fauna and flora of any region.
science which deals with Jiving organisms. biotox'is, bi'otaxy [G. bios, life, + taxis, arrange-
Jlyt'ic [G. bios, life, + lytikos, solvent.] Capable ment.] The classification of living beings accord-
of destroying life. ing to their anatomical characteristics.
jmag'netism. Animal magnetism. biotic (bi-ot'ik). i. Relating to the life forces.

)m'etry [G. bios, life, +

metron, measure.] In 2. Relating to the biota, or the combined fauna

life insurance, the determination of the probable

and flora of a region or country.
duration or expectation of life. , biot'ics [G. biotikos, relating to life.] The science

on [G. bion, living.] A

living thing, which deals with the ftmctions of life, or vital
m'ergy [G. bios, life, +
energeia, energy.] Vital activity and force.
biot'omy [G. -I- tome, a cutting.] Vivisection.
bios, life,
force.
OCNO,). Bismuthyl nitrate, subnitrate of bis- biotox'in. A
poisonous substance found in the
muth. urine and in the tissue juices.
BIOTRIPSIS 126 BISMUTAN

biotrip'sis [G. bios, life, + tripsis, a rubbing.] A blrefrac'tive, birefrin'gent [L. bi-, two.] Refracting
smooth, shiny, pigmented condition of the skin twice, splitting a ray of light in two.
of the backs of the hands, forehead, shins, and Bir'kett's her'nla [John Birkett, English surgeon,
elsewhere in the aged; life-wear. nineteenth century.] Protrusion of synovial
bipal'atinoid. A capsule with two compartments, membrane through a rent in the capsule of the
used for taking remedies in nascent form; the joint.
reaction between the two substances takes place birth. The passage of the child from the uterus to
as the capsule dissolves in the stomach, and so the outside world; the act of being bom. pre-
sets free the remedy. mature' b., the b. of a viable child, i.e. from early
bipara (bip'ah-rah) [L. bi-, two, + parere, to give in the seventh month to full term, still b., the

birth.] Secundipara, a woman who has borne birth of a dead fetus.

two children at different labors. birth'mark. Naevus.
biparasit'ic. Relating to a parasite of a parasite. birth'root. Trillium.
bipari'etal [L. bi-, two, + paries, wall.] Relating to
bisacro'mial [L. bis, twice.] Relating to both
both parietal bones of the skull.
acromion processes.
bip'arous [L. bi-, two, + parere, to bring forth.]
Bearing two young. bi'salt. An acid salt.*
bipar'tite [L. bi-, two, + pars, part.] Divided into bisax'illary [L. bis, twice.] Relating to both
axillae.
two parts.
bi'ped [L. hi-, two, + pes, foot.], i. Two-footed. Bischoff's crown (bish'of) [Theodor Ludwig Wil-
2. Any animal with only two feet. helmvon Bischoff, German anatomist, 1807-1882.]
bi'pedal. i. Relating to a biped. 2. Having two The inner zone resulting from the duplication of
feet only. the epithelial capsule of the ovum, the external
blpen'nate, bipen'niform [L. bi-, two, -)- penna, layer constituting the granular membrane,
feather.] Having a double feather arrangement. Bischoff's opera'tion (bish'of) [Johaim Jacob Bischoff,
b. muscle, a muscle with a central tendon toward German Total removal of
gynecologist, *i84i.]
which the fibers converge on either Side like the the gravid uterus by the abdominal route.
barbs of a feather. Bischoff's test (bish'of) [Carl Adam Bischoff, Ger-
biper'forate [L. bi-, two, +
perforatus, pierced.] man chemist, For biliary acids; a red
'''1855.]
Having two foramina or perforations. color appears upon adding sugar and dilute
bipo'lar [L. bi-, two, -H polus, pole.] Having two sulphuric acid and heating.
poles, noting those nerve cells in which the two, + secare, to cut.] To cut in two,
bisect' [L. bi-,
branches project from two, usually opposite, to divide into twvo parts.
points. bisection (bi-sek'shun). Division into two parts.
bipp [6isn3uth-iodoform-^araffin-^aste.] A name bisexual (bi-seks'u-al) [bi-, two, 4- sexus, sex.]
given by Rutherford M
orison to a mixture of Hermaphrodite.
one part bismuth, two parts iodoform, and one bisferious (bis-fer'I-us) [L. bis, twice, -|- ferire, to
part parafBn, blended to form a paste employed ; strike.] Bisferi s, beating twice, said of the
as an antiseptic application to wounds pre- pulse.
viously cleaned and dried. Bishop's sphyg'moscope [Louis Paug^res Bishop,
bipubiot'omy. Double pubiotomy, division of the New York physician, *i864.] An instrument for
pubis on both sides. measuring the blood-pressure, with special refer-
birch [A.S. birce.} A tree of the genus Betula. ence to diastolic pressure. The tube is filled
Birchdale Springs, N. H. Calcic-chalybeate waters. with a, solution of cadmium borotungstate, and
Four springs. the scale is the reverse of that of a mercurial man-
Bircher*s opera'tion (ber'kher) [Heinrich Bircher, ometer, the pressure being made directly by the
Swiss surgeon, *i8so.] Reduction in size of a weight of the liquid and not by compressed air.
dilated stomach by a line of sutures uniting the In the tube near the cuff is inserted a glass seg-
anterior and posterior walls of the organ. ment with a lens by which the movements of a
Birch-Hirschfeld's method (berkh-hersh'felt) [Felix lever in the fluid can be observed.
Victor Birch-Hirschfeld, German pathologist, bish'oping. Altering the appearance of a horse with
*i842.] A
method of staining for amyloid degen- intention to deceive as the simulation, in the case
;

eration. The specimen, fixed in alcohol and of an old horse, by means of caustic or the hot
imbedded in paraffin, is cut into very thin sec- iron, of marks on the incisors.
tions; these sections, freed from the paraffin, are bisiliac (bis-il'1-ak). Relating to any two corre-
placed for 5 minutes in a 2 per cent, alcoholic sponding iliac parts or structures, as the iliac
solution of Bismarck brown, then washed in bones or iliac tossas.
alcohol and distilled water and afterward placed Bisk'ra but'ton [Biskra, a town in Algeria.] Oriental
for 5 or 10 minutes in a 2 per cent, aqueous solu- boil.'''

tion of gentian violet and finally decolorized in bis'mal. Trade name for bismuth methylene-
dilute acetic acid. The nucleus is stained brown, digallate, a bluish gray powder, employed as an
the protoplasm is unstained, and the amyloid intestinal astringent in doses of gr. 1-3 (o 06-0 2). . .

substance is colored a ruby red Bismarck-brown Prince Bismarck German

[after
bird's-eye. Adonis. statesman, 1815-1898.] Vesuvine.
Bird's for'mula [Golding Bird, English physician, bis'mon. Colloidal bismuth oxide, employed like
1814-18S4.] The last two figures of the specific bismuth subnitrate in doses of gr. 8 (0.5) in
gravity of a specimen of urine give approxi- milk.
mately the number of grains of solids to the bis'mutal. A mixture of sodium salicylate and
ounce. bismuth-sodium phosphate antiseptic and astrih-
;

Bird's sign [Samuel Dougan Bird, Australian gent.

_

physician, contemporary.] The presence of a bis'mutan. Isutan, a yellow insoluble powder said
zone of dulness on percussion with absence of to be a mixture of resorcin and bismuth tan-
respiratory signs in hydatid cyst of the lung. nate, employed in diarrhea in doses of gr. 1-5
blrd's-head type. Aztec idiocy."* (0.06-0.3)
 ;;
;

SMUTH 127 BIZYGOMATIC

muth (biz'muth). A
reddish, crystalline, brittle, opening abscesses, slitting up sinuses and fistulas,
riad metal, chemical symbol Bi, atomic weight etc.
108 several of its salts are employed in medicine
;

or the official salts see under bismuikum-. b.

>etanaph'tholate, bismuthi betanaphtholas, b,
)xy-iodogall'ate, airol. liq'uid b., liquor bis-
nuthi (N.P.)- mag'istery of b., b. subnitrate.
mu'thi betanaph'tholas (U.S.). Bismuth beta-
laphtholate, orphol, an odorless, tasteless, gray-
sh powder; employed especially in enteritis and
IS an intestinal antacid when a laxative effect is Blunt-pointed and Sharp-pointed Curved
lot desirable, in doses of gr. 5—20 (0.3—1.2). b. Bistouries.
sarbo'nas, b. subcarbonas (U.S.), b. oxycarbonas
Bt.). b. cit'ras, bismuth citrate, a white amor- bistratal (bi-stra'tal) [L. bi-, two, -I- stratum, layer.]
phous powder; employed to make the following. Having two strata or layers.
3. et ammo'nii cit'ras (U.S.), bismuth and am- bisul'phate. A compound having two parts or
nonium citrate, ammoniocitrate of bismuth, equivalents of sulphuric acid to one of the base.
jccurs in white shining scales, soluble in water; bisul'phide. A compound containing two equiva-
ntestinal astringent in doses of gr. 2—5 (0.12- lents of sulphur to one of the other element.
).3). b. ox'idum (Br.), a dull yellowish crystal- bisul'phite. A compound containing two equiva-
ine powder, employed for the same purposes as lents of sulphurous acid to one of the base.
;he subnitrate in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3—0.6). b. bitar'trate. A compound containing two equiva-
)x'idum hydra'tum, hydrated oxide of bismuth lents of tartaric acid to one of the base.
i yellowish white powder obtained by precipitat- bite (bit) [A.S. bUan.] i. To cut or hold with
ng an aqueous solution of bismuth trinitrate; the teeth. 2. A wound made with the teeth.
:xternal application, b. oxycarbo'nas (Br.), b. 3. Puncture of the skin made by an insect.
;ubcarbonas (U.S.). b. salicyl'as, bismuth sali- 4. In dentistry the bite is the force with which
;ylate, a whitish or yellowish powder, used in the jaws may be closed in the crushing of food.
Jiarrhea and typhoid fever in doses of gr. 5-20 bitem'poral. Relating to both temples or temporal
[0.3-1.3). b. subcarbo'nas (U.S.), bismuth sub- bones.
larbonate, b. oxycarbonate (Br.), a yellowish or .
Bitot's spots (be- to') .Minute areas of desquamat-
ivhitish powder, used for the same purposes as ing epithelium on the conjunctiva in xerosis of that
;he subnitrate in doses ®f gr. 10—60 (0.6—4.0). membrane.
D. subgallas (U.S.), bismuth subgallate, derma- bitiochanteric (bi-tro-kan-ter'ik). Relating to two
;ol, a yellowish powder, employed internally in trochanters, either to the two trochanters of one
iiarrhea in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3—0.6), and ex- femur or to both great trochanters
;ernally as an antiseptic dusting powder, b. bitt'er. Having a taste like that of strychnine
subni'tras (U.S. and Br.), bismuth subnitrate, or quinine, b. water, one of a group of purga-
magisterium bismuthi, a white powder employed tive mineral waters containing magnesium
nternally as an intestinal astringent and in gas- sulphate.
bitt'ers. i. An alcoholic liquor in which bitter
triculcer in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0), and ex-
ternally as a dusting powder, b. subsalicyl'as vegetable substances, quinine, gentian, or the
[U.S.), bismuth subsalicylate, a white or whitish like, have been steeped. 2. Bitter vegetable
jrystalline or amorphous powder; employed as
drugs, usually employed as tonics; such are
m intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 5-10 quassia, gentian, cinchona,
tinctura aloes composita.
etc. Swe'dish b.,

[p. 3-0. 6).

bit'tersweet. Dulcamara.
'muthol. Bismutal.
Bit'torf's reac'tion [Alexander Bittorf, German
muthosis (biz-muth-o'sTs). Chronic bismuth poi-
physician, contemporary.] In cases of renal colic
ioning.
the pain on squeezing the testicle or pressing the
mu'thum. Bismuth.
ovary radiates to the kidney.
'muthyl [bismuth + G. hyle, stuff.] The group, bi'uret. A derivative of urea, CjHjNjOj -)- HjO.
BiO, which behaves chemically as an atom of a
b, reac'tion, when biuret is heated with Feh-
inivalent metal its salts are the oxysalts or sub-
;
ling'fe solution a red- violet color is formed;
ialts of bismuth.
this reaction is given by urea and various
mu'tose. Trade name of a compound of bismuth albumins, albumoses, peptones, etc.
md albumin, a white powder insoluble in water biv'alence, biv'alency. A combining force, or val-
smployed in intestinal disorders in doses of ence, double that of the hydrogen atom.
5^2 (2.0—8.0). biv'alent [L. bi-, two, -(- valere, to have power.]
iol. Trade name for soluble bismuth phosphate, Having a combining power equal to two atoms
I white powder, containing about 20 per cent, of hydrogen. ^
jismuth trioxide intestinal antiseptic and astrin-
; bi'valve [L. hi-, two, +
valva, door.] Having two
gent in doses of gr.4-8 (o. 25-0. 5). movable sides or parts connected by a, hinge,
tephan'ic. Relating to both stephanions, noting b. spec'ulum, see under speculum:
jarticularly the b. width of the cranium, or biven'ter [L. bi-, two, -I- venter, belly.] Two-bellied,
!•

liameter, the shortest distance from one digastric; noting several muscles, b. cervi'cis,

itephanion to the other. inner portion of the complexus, musculus* spinalis

tortus, twisted.] Bistort, capitis, b. mandib'ulse, musculus digastricus.
tor'ta [L. his, twice, -t-
biven'tral. Digastric.
he rhizome of Polygonum bistorta, English ser-
lentary, sweetdock, snakewort; astringent, em- bi'vo. Trade name of a preparation of meat ex-
tract, iron, glucose, and alcohol.
)loyed for the same purposes as eranium.
toury (bis'too-re) [Fr. bisiouH.'] A long narrow- biz'in. The orange dye obtained from amotto.
bizygomatic (bi-zi-go-mat'ik). Relating to both
daded knife, straight or curved on the edge, sharp
zygomas.
ir blunt pointed (probe-pointed); employed for
 BIZZOZERO'S PLATELET 128 BLASTOMYCETI

Bizzozero's plate'let (bit-sot'ser-o) [Giulio Bizzozeor. Blan'card's pills [Stephen Blancard, Dutch phys
Italian physician, 1 846-1 901.] Hematoblast. cian, 1650-1702.] Pilulae ferri iodidi.
B.'s red cells, nucleated red blood-corpuscles. Bian'chard^s meth'od [Wallace Blanchard, Chicaj
black [A.S. blaec] Without color, reflecting no surgeon, *i8s7.] Treatment of tuberculoi
light, the opposite of white, b. draught, mistura cavities in bone by plugging with a non-medicate
sennas composita. b. drop, acetum opii. b. mixture of white wax, i part, and vaseline,
fe'ver, ka)a-azar. b. fly, buffalo gnat, sand fly, parts.
a biting dipterous insect of the genus Simulium. bland [L. blandus, soft.] Mild, unirritating, soothin;
b. head, comedo, b. spore, a body noted by Blandin's gland (blahn-dan') [Philippe Fr^d^r
Ross in the malarial organism, either a hyper- B/a«di«, Parisian surgeon, 1798— 1849.] Glandul
parasite (a species of Nosema) or indicating a lingualis anterior; called also Blandin-Nuhn
special stage in the life history of the organism. gland.
b. wash, lotio hydrargyri nigra. Blasius' duct (blah'se-oos) [Gerard Blasius, Dutc
Black Barren Mineral Springs, Penn. Mild alkaline- anatomist, 17th century.] Stensen's due
saline waters. Rheumatism, hepatic and renal ductus* parotideus.
disorders, and dyspepsia. May to October. blast [G. blastos, oilspring, germ.] Sporozoite. 1
Black's for'mula [J. Black, British army sur- form of red cells, nucleated red blood cells, ei
geon, contemporary.] A translation of Pig-
1 ythroblasts.
net's* formula into British measurements: blaste'ma [G. blastema, a sprout.] The bioplasm c
F = (W -I- C) - H; P is the empirical factor, the developing embryo.
W is the weight in pounds, C the chest girth in blastem'ic. Relating to the blastema.
inches at full inspiration, and H
the height in blas'tid [G. blastos, germ.] The clear space in th
inches; a man is classed as very strong when F impregnated ovum marking the site of th
is over 120, strong between no and 120, good nucleus.
100 to no, fair 90 to 100, weak 80 to 90, very blastocele, blastocoele (blas'to-sel) [G. blaslcn
weak under 80. germ, + koilos, hollow.] The cavity in th
black'berry. Rubus. morula of a developing ovum
black-eye. An ecchymosis of the eyelids and sur- blastoce'lijg.Relating to the blastocele.
rounding parts. blastochyle (blas'to-kil) [G. blastos, germ, + chyloi
blackleg, i. Purpura of the legs. 3. Quarter evil, juice.] The blastocelic fluid.
symptomatic anthrax.* blas'tocyst [G. blastos, germ, -f- hystis, bladder.
Black Sulphur Springs, California, See Byron Blastodermic vesicle, gastrocyst; the moruli
Springs. after its conversion into a cyst through the accu
black'water fe'ver. Hemoglobinuria. mulation of fluid within the trophoblast.
bladd'er [A.S. blaedre.] ±. Vesica; the distensible blastocyte (blas'to-sit) [G. blastos, germ, kylos +
elastic bag serving as a receptacle and place of cell.] An undifferentiated embryonic cell.
storage for the urine; also any similar receptacle blastocyto'ma. A tumor formed of indifferen
for fluid, as the gall-bladder. 2. Vesicle, blister; cells (blastocytes).
any hollowstructureor sac, normal or pathological, blastoderm, blastoderma (blas'to-durm, blas-to-dur'
containing a serous fluid, brain b., a cerebral mah) [G. blastos, germ, -I- derma, skin.] Th(
vesicle in the embryo, fascic'ulate b., one with primitive cell layer in the beginning embryo
hypertrophied walls, the muscular bundles stand- consisting of two or three layers of cells; th(
ing out like interlacing cords on the inner sur- outer, or ectoderm, the inner, or entoderm, anc
face of the viscus. gall-b., cholecyst, vesica a middle, or mesoderm, also called epiblast
fellea [BNA]. stam'mering of the b., irregular hypoblast, and mesoblast, respectively. Th(
halting or interruption of the stream in blastoderm lies beneath the zona pellucida 0I
micturition, n'rinary b., vesica urinaria (BNA], the ovum and forms the wall of a sac, the blasto-
a muscular bag in which the urine is received dermic vesicle.
and stored temporarily before being discharged blastoder'mal. Blastodermic.
through the urethra. blastoder'mic. Relating to the blastoderm,
absence, acystia. atrophy, cystatrophy. catarrh, cys-
blas'todisc. A collection of protoplasm at one pol«
torrhea. dilatation, cystauxe, cystectasy. examina- of the impregnated ovum.
tion, cystoscopy, fixation, cystopexy. hemorrhage,
cystorrhagia. hernia, cystocele, colpooystocele (into
blastogen'esis [G. blastos, germ, + genesis, origin.
vagina), proctocystocele (into rectum),
Reproduction of unicellular organisms by budding
incision, cys-
totomy; epicystotomy (suprapubic), hypocystotomy blastogeny (blas-toj'en-I) [G. blastos, germ, + gen-
(perineal), colpocystotomy (through vagina), cystido- nao, I produce.] The evolution of the body ir
laparotomy, cystidoceliotomy (through abdominal its development from the ovum the germ historj
wall), proctocystotomy (through rectum), lithotomy ;

(for stone) . inflammation, cystitis; pericystitis, epicys- of the organism.

titis, paracystitis (of parts around), irritability, cyster- blastolysis (blas-tol'i-sis) [G. blastos, germ,
ethism. pain, oystalgia, cystodynia, cystoneuralgia. + lysis,
solution.] Lysis or destruction of a germ cell.
plastic surgery, cystoplasty, oystorrhaphy (suture).
prolapse, cystoptosia. blasto'ma [G. blastos, germ.] i. A
neoplasm devel-
oping from an embryonic rest. Mastocytoma. 2.
bladd'er-worm. Cysticercus. A true tumor, a neoplasm possessing the power of
bladder-wrack (blad'er-rak). Fucus vesiculosus. autonomous growth,
blade-bone. Scapula. blas'tomere [G. blastos, germ, + meros, part.] One
Bladon Springs, Alabama. Alkaline-carbonated of the segments into which the egg divides
aftei
waters. Rheumatism, renal diseases, indiges- conjugation of the sperm-nucleus and germ-
tion, and syphilitic cachexia. nucleus.
blain [A S. blegen.] A
sore on the skin, blister, blastomerot'omy. Blastotomy.
•
blotch. blastomycetes (blas-to-mi-se't6z) [G. blastos,
Blainville ears (blan-vSl') [Henri Marie Ducrotay de
germ, +
mykls, fungus.] Sacchargmycetes, yeasts,
bud-
Blainville, French zoologist and anthropologist, ding fungi; see saccharomyces.
i777-'85o-] Asymmetry in size or shape of the blastomyce'ttc. Relating to or caused by blasto-
auricles. mycetes. b. dermati'tis, cutaneous
blastomycosis,
 .

BLASTOMYCOSIS 129 BLEPHAROPHRYPLASTY

blastomyco'sis. A
disease caused by the presence tiva'lis, gonorrheal ophthalmia, b. neonato'rtim,
and growth of blastomycetes in the tissues; it ophthalmia neonatorum, inclu'sion b., con-
may be generalized or confined to the skin. The junctivitis neonatorum caused by Chlamydozoa
general symptoms are anorexia, emaciation, pros- and not by the gonococcus; it closely resembles,
tration, cough, an irregular temperature, weak histologically, trachoma.
and rapid pulse, multiple subcutaneous nodulea blennorrhe'al. Relating to blennorrhea.
which suppurate and form ulcers. The cuta blennos'tasin [see blennosiasis.] Cinchonidine hy-
neous form (blastomycetic dermatitis) is marked
drobromide, a yellow powder of bitter taste,
by the presence of elevated patches of varying hemostatic and astringent, employed in catarrhal
size, presenting a, verrucous surface sometimes
inflammation of the respiratory mucous mem-
discharging pus or crusted.
branes in doses of gr. 1-4 (o 06-0 .25).
.

blastoneuropore (blas"to-nu'ro-por). An opening

blennos'tasis [G. blennos, mucus, + stasis, a stand-
formed by the union of the blastopore and neuro-
ing.] Diminution or suppression of secretion
pore.
from the mucous membranes.
blas'tophore [G. blasios, germ, + phoros, bearing.]
blennostat'ic. Diminishing mucous secretion.
The part of the sperm cell which does not pro-
duce spermatozoa. blennotho'raz [G. blennos, mucus.] An accumula-
blastophthoria (blas"tof-tho'ri-ah) [G. blasios, germ, tion of mucous secretion in the bronchi.
-t- phthora, corruption.] Degeneration of the blennu'ria [G. blennos, mucus, + ouron, urine.]
germ cells as a result of poisoning by syphilis, lead, The passage of an excess of mucus in the urine.
alcohol, opium, etc. blepharadenitis (blef-ar-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. blepharon,
blastophthoric (blas"tof-thor'ik). Relating to blas- eyelid,, + aden, gland, + -itis.} Inflammation
tophthoria. b. degenera'tion, blastophthoria. of the Meibomian glands.
blastophyll'um [G. bla'sios, germ, 4- phyllon, leaf.] bleph'aral [G. blepharon, eyelid.] Referring to the
One of the blastodermal layers. eyelids.
blas'topore [G. blasios, germ, + poros, opening.] bleph'arism [G. blepharon, eyelid.] Spasmodic
The opening into the archenteron formed by the twitching of the eyelids.
invagination of the blastula; Rusconi's anus, blepharitis (blef-ar-i'(e')tis) [G. blepharon, eyelid, +
protostoma. -itis.] Inflammation of the eyelids, especially
blastosphere (blas'to-sfer) [G. blasios, germ, -I- of the margins of the lids, ciliary or marginal b.,
sphaira, sphere.] Blastodermic vesicle, blastula. b. cilia'ris, b. margina'lis, b. squamo'sa, a
blastospher'ic. Relating to the blastosphere. chronic inflammation of the margins of the lids
blastot'omy [G. blasios, germ, 4- iotne, incision.] with the formation of branny scales b. ulcer-
The experimental destruction of one or more o'sa, marginal b. with ulceration, b. parasit'ica,
blastomeres. b. phthiriat'ica, marginal b. due to the presence of
blas'tula [dim. from G. blasios, germ.] Blasto- lice, pediculous b.

sphere. blepha oadenitis (blef-ar-o-ad-en-i'(e')tis) Bleph-

blas'tular. Blastospheric. aradenitis.
blastula'tion. The formation of the blastula or blepharoadenoma (blef"ar-o-ad-e-no'mah) [G. bleph-
blastosphere. aron, eyelid, +
aden, gland, -oma.] +glandu- A
Blatin's syn'drome (blS-taii'). Hydatid thrill.* adenoma, of the eyelid.
lar tumor, or
Blatt'a orienta'lis. The common cockroach; the blepharoatheroma (blef"ar-o-ath-e-ro'mah) [ G
dried insect has been employed as a diuretic blepharon, eyelid, -I- aihere, gruel, + -oma.']
in albuminuria in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). Asebaceous cyst of the eyelid.
Blaud's pills (blawd, properly bio) [P. Blaud, French blepharochalasis (blef-ar-o-kal'as-is) [G. blepharon,
physician, 1774-1858.] Pilulae ferri carbonatis. eyelid, + chalasis, a slackening.] condition A
blear-eye. Lippitudo, a chronic inflammation of in which there is a redundancy of the upper
the margins of the eyelids. eyelids so that a fold of skin hangs down, often
bleb. Bulla, blister. concealing the tarsal margin when the eye is
bleed'er. j.. A sufferer from hemophilia. ^. A open; ptosis adiposa, false ptosis, dermatolysis
phlebotomist. palpebrarum.
blen'al. Santalol carbonate, a yellowish oily bleph"arochromidro'sis [G. blepharon eyelid, -|-
liquid, used in the treatmeu of gonorrhea. chroma, color, + hidros, sweat.] Chromidrosis
blennadenitis (blen-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. blenna, of the eyelids.
mucus, adSn, gland, + -itisi\
-I-
Inflammation blepharoc'lonus [G. blepharon, eyelid, -f- klonos, a
of the mucous glands. tumult.] Clonic spasm of the eyelids.
blennogen'ic [G. blennos, mucus, + gennad, I pro- blepharoconjunctivitis (blef"ar-o-kon-junk-tI-vi'(ve')
duce.] Muciparous, forming mucus. tis) [G. blepharon, eyelid, + L conjunctiva, + G.

blennogenous (blen-oj'en-us). Blennogenic. -iiisl\ Inflammation of the palpebral conjunctiva.

blenn'oid [G. "blennos, mucus, -t- eidos, resemblance.] blepharodias'tasis [G. blepharon, eyelid, + diastasis,
Mucoid, resembling mucus. separation.] Abnormal separation or inability
blennometritis (blen-o-me-tri' (tre')tis) [G. blennos, to close completely the eyelids.
mucus, + metra, womb, + -itis.] Inflammation of blepharon'cus [G. blepharon, eyelid, -I- onkos a
the uterine mucous membrane, especially when tumor.] A tumor of the eyelid.
accompanied by a discharge. blepharopachynsis (blef"ar-o-pS-kin'sis) [G. blepha-
blennophthal'mia [G. blennos, mucus, + ophthalmia.] ron, eyelid, + pachynsis, a thickening.] A
2. Gonorrheal ophthalmia.
thickening of an eyelid.
L. Conjunctivitis.
bleph"arophymo'sis [G. blepharon, eyelid, + phimo-
blennorrha'gia [G. blennos, mucus, -f -rhagia.] A
sis, a narrowing,] Inability to open the eye to
profuse blennorrhea.
Blennorrheal. the normal extent blepharostenosis.
;

blennoirhagic (blen-o-raj'ik).
bleph"aroph'ryplasty [G. blepharon, eyelid, + ophrys,
blennorrhe'a, blennorrhoe'a [G. blennos, mucus, +
1. Any mucous' discharge, espe-
eyebrow, -I- plasso, I form.] A plastic operation
rhaia, a flow.]
2. Gonorrhea. for the restoration of a defect in the eyelid and
cially from the urethra or vagina.
b. conjunc- the eyebrow.
b. alveoU'ris, pyorrhea alveolaris.
BLEPHAROPLAST 130 BLOOD

bleph'aroplast [G. blepharon, eyelid, + plastos, wall of the sac, the base of the blister being
formed.] A minute mass of chromatin formed formed by the corium- 2. An agent the appli-
from the nucleus in certain protozoa, or forming cation of which to the skin will cause the form-
the base of a flagellum, acting as a center for ation of a blister, blood-b., one which contains
movement of the organism; basal granule, micro- blood, fever b., herpes labialis. fly b., a vesi-

nucleus, motor or locomotor nucleus. cating application composed chiefly of canthar-

bleph"aroplas'tic. Relating to blepharoplasty. ides. fly'ing b., a vesicating agent applied in

bleph'aroplasty. [G. blepharon, eyelid, +

plasso, succession to different areas of the skin, being
I form.] Any operation for the restoration of a kept in each place only long enough to redden,
defect in the eyelid. but not to cause a blister.
i. Causing a blister to form. n. The
bleph"arople'gia [G. blepharon, eyelid,. plegS,+ blis'tering.
stroke.] Paralysis of an eyelid, blepharoptosia. forming of a blister.

blepharopto'sia [G. blepharon, eyelid, + ptosis, a Bloch's (block).

scale A series of mixtures
falling.] of the upper eyelid.
Drooping of varying proportions of tincture of benzoin
blepharopyorrhea (blef"ar-o-pi-or-re'ah) [G. bleph- in glycerinated water, used to determine by
aron, eyelid, +
pyon, pus, +
rhoia, a flow.] Puru- comparison of turbidity the amount of albumin,
lent inflammation of the palpebral conjunctiva. precipitated by heat or nitric acid, in urine or
blepharor'rhaphy [G. blepharon, eyelid, + rhaphe, one of the body fluids.
seam.] Tarsorrhaphy. block [Fr. bloquer,] To abstract, arrest passage
bleph'arospasm, blepharospas'mus [G. blepharon, through.
eyelid.] Spasmodic winking, or contraction of block'ing. x. The arrest of passage through, ob-

the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. structing. .1. In psychoanalysis, a sudden break

bleph"arospliinc"terec'toiiiy [G. blepharon, eyelid, + in the association occurring when a complex is
sphincter, sphincter, +ektome, excision.] Excis- touched, nerve b., impeding or arresting the
ion of a portion of the orbicularis palpebranun passage of impulses through a nerve, as by the
muscle for the relief of obstinate blepharospasm. injection of alcohol or of cocaine or the like.
bleph'arostat [G. blepharon, eyelid + statos, fixed.] Blocq's disease' [Paul Oscar Blocq, Parisian physi-
Eye-speculiun. cian, 1860-1896.] Astasia abasia.
blepharostenosis (blef'ar-o-sten-o'sis) [G. bleph- Blodgett's Springs, California. Alkaline-carbonated-
aron, eyelid, + stenosis, a narrowing.] Bleph- sulphureted waters. Used by drinking and
arophymosis, inability to open the eye to the bathing in rheumatism, chronic arthritis, cuta-
normal extent. neous diseases, dyspepsia, constipation, and
blepharosynechia (blef'ar-o-si-nek'K-ah) [G. blepha- renal and cystic disorders.
ron, eyelid, + synechia, continuity.] Perma- Blondlot rays (blond-lo' raz) [Prosper Ren6
manent adhesion of the eyelids. Blondlot, physicist in Nancy, France, *i849.]
blepharot'omy [G. blepharon, eyelid, + tome, inci- Radiations having somewhat similar properties
sion.] A cutting operation on an eyelid. to those of light, but with a shorter wave length,
blepsopathia, blepsopathy (blep-so-path'I-ah, blep- which render certain bodies luminous; they
sop'S.-thi) [G. blepsis, sight, -f- pathos, suffering.] are given off from luminous bodies, magnetic
Eyestrain. fields, certain non-luminous bodies in a state of
bless'ed this'tle. Carduus benedictus. stress, ferments, and animal and vegetable
Blesslg's groove [Robert Blessig, Dorpat physician, tissues; called also N-rays.
1830-1878.] A mark in the eye of the embryo blood (blud) [A.S. blod.] Sanguis, cruor; the red
indicating the position of the ora serrata, or fluid circulating in the arteries, capillaries, and
anterior edge of the retina. veins; it carries oxygen and reconstructive
blind (blind) Unable to see. b. spot, optic material to the tissues and removes from them
disc, papilla nervi optici. carbon dioxide and other waste products. The
blind-gut. Cecum. arterial blood is that which has been depurated
bllnd'ness. Loss of sight, amaurosis, col'or b., in the lungs, is of a bright red color, and is found
an inability to recognize one or more of the in the pulmonary veins, left side of the heart, and
seven primary colors for the theories advanced
; the arteries; the venous blood is that charged
to account for this condition, see under Edridge- with waste material, it is of a dark red color,
Green, Herring, and Young-Helmholiz. cor'tical and circulates in the veins, right side of the heart,
b., loss of sight due to a lesion in the cortical and pulmonary artery. The blood is a fluid,
center of vision, day-b., hemeralopia. letter -b., plasma, in which are numerous cells, the erythro-
a form of aphasia in which one is unable to cy es and leucocytes, the platelets, and the hemo-
recognize the significance of letters, mind-b., a conia. b.-cast, a urinary cast formed of coag-
division of aphasia including alexia, sign-blind- ulated blood, b.-cell, b.-corpuscle. b.-clot,
ness, and apraxia, in which the person no longer coagulum. b.-cor'puscle, b.-cell, either a red
understands what he sees, moon-b., dimness of cell, erythrocyte, or a white cell, leucocyte.
vision attributed to dazzling by the light of the b.-count, a count of the absolute and relative
tropical moon moon-blink, night-b., nyctalopia.
; numbers of red and white cells in a given quantity
psy'chic b., loss of comprehension of the retinal of blood, b.-crys'tals, hematoidin crystals
images through destruction of the visual center b.-cyst, hematocyst, hematoma, b.-disc, platelet
in the brain. red-green b., xanthocyanopia. b.-dust, hemoconia. b.-motes, hemoconia. b.-
sign-b., loss of the ability to comprehend the plaque, platelet, b.-plas'ma, the fluid portion
meaning of signs or gestures, asymbolia (2). of the blood as it is contained in the vessels; it
snow-b., conjunctivitis with obscuration of differs from blood-serum chiefly in containing
vision caused by sunlight reflected from snow. fibrinogen. _
b.-plas'tid, a red blood cell altered
text-b., word-b., alexia. by the action of a, too concentrated salt solu-
blind-spot. Physiological scotoma, the point oi tion, b.-plate, b.-plate'let, hematoblast,
entrance of the optic nerve into the retina. platelet.* b.-pois'oning, septicemia, pyemia,
blis'ter. i. A collection of fluid in the skin beneath toxemia.* b.-pres'sure, the pressure or tension
the epidermis which is raised to form the upper of the blood within the arteries, maintained by
 ,

BLOOD 131 BOAS' POINT

the contraction of the left ventricle, the resistance pointed scissors by which the skull is pierced,
of the arterioles and capillaries, the elasticity of and cut as the blades are opened.
the arterial walls, and the condition of fluidity blotch. A pimple, pustule, or other lesion of the
of the blood; the systolic or maximum b. p. is that skin, pel'vic b., pelvic* spot.
occurring at the moment of ventricular systole; Blount Springs, Alabama. Saline-sulphureted
the diastolic, or minimum b. p. is that noted dvir- waters. Six springs.
ing ventricular diastole immediately preceding the blow-fly. Flesh-fly, Musca vomitoria, a fly that
systole; the difference between these two degrees deposits its eggs in flesh; the maggots are some-
of pressure is called the " pulse-presstire. " b.-se'- times seen in subjects in the dissecting room.
rum, the fluid which is squeezed out by shrinkage blue. I. Azure, the color of the clear sky, one of,
of a blood-clot; in composition it is similar to the primary colors of the spectrum between the
the blood-plasma without the fibrinogen, b.- indigo and the green. 2. Having the color of
tu'mor, (i) aneirrysm; (2) hematocyst, hematoma. the sky, of the color blue. 3. Cyanotic, b.
b.-ves'sel, one of the channels or tubes conveying ba'by, a newborn infant with cyanosis, usually
blood, an artery, vein, sinus, or capillary, live b., due to persistence of the foramen ovale of the
myokymia, or twitching, of the eyeUd. heart, b.-blind, unable to distinguish the color
blue, b.-blind'ness, acyanopsiS. b.
'
disease',
[^aeration, arterialization, oxygenation, hematosis.
arresting discharge, hemostatic, styptic, cell, hema-
(i) morbus c^nileus; (2) tick* fever (4). b.
tocyte, erythrocyte, leucocyte, lymphocyte; hema- gum, (i) the line along the dental margin of the
toblast, platelet, hematoconia or blood-dust, coloring gums in lead-poisoning; (2) Eucalyptus globulus.
mktter, hemoglobin, deficiency, oligemia, ischemia,
local anemia, local asphyxia, local syncope, destruc- b. mass, massa* hydrargyri. b. oint'ment, un-
tion of, hemolysis, hematolysis, hemocytolysis, hema- guentum* hydrargyri. b. pill, b. mass, b.-
tocytolysis, cytohemolysis, leucocytolysis, erythrocy- stone, copper sulphate, see under cuprum.
tolysis, plasmolysis. disease, hematopathy, chlorosis,
leucemia, anemia, methemoglobinemia, chloranemia
Blue Hill Mineral Springs, Maine. Light alkaline-
hematodyscrasia, oligemia, pyemia, septicem a, sapre- chalybeate waters. Used for drinking. Tonic
xnia, hemophthisis. escape, hematorrhea, hemorrhage, and diuretic.
diapedesis, exudation, excess, polyhemia, plethora,
congestion, hyperemia, hypostasis, fatty, lipemia,
Blue Lick Springs, Missouri. Muriated and sul-
pionemia. fibnn, hypinosis (deficiency); hyperinosis, phated-saline-carbonated waters. Hepatic, renal,
hyperinosemia (excess), formation, hematogenesis, cystic, and intestinal disorders.
hemogenesis, hematosis, hematoplasty, hematopoie- Blue Ridge Springs, Virginia. Sulphated-saline-
sis, sanguification; anhematosis (defective), making
of, see formation, microorganisms in, bacteiiemia, carbonated waters, 52° F. Tonic, used in dys-
bacillemia, staphylococcemia, microbiohemia. poison- pepsia, diarrhea, and constipation.
ing, sapremia, septicemia, pyemia, uremia, stercore-
Blum's rea'gent [Leo Blum, Strassburg physician,
mia, copremia, toxemia, ichoremia. prefixes denoting,
hema-, hemato-, hemo-, sangui-. spitting, hemoptysis. *i878,] To a solution of chloride of manganese
sugar in, glycemia, glycohemia, melitemia. sweating and sodium metaphosphate a, small quantity of
of, hematidrosis, hematohidrosis. thickening, anhy-
lead dioxide is added and the solution is Altered;
dremia, bypohydremia, pachyemia, pachemia, pelo-
hemia. thinness, anemia, spanemia, hydremia, tumor, upon adding urine to the solution a pink color is
aneurjrsm, hematocyst, hematoma, hematocele, urin- formed if albumin is present.
ary poisoning, uremia, azotemia, urinemia. vomiting, Blum'berg's sign. In active peritonitis the pain
hematemesis.
caused by pressure of the hand on the abdomen
blood'less. Without blood, anemic, exsanguinated. is less than that caused by sudden removal of

b. opera'tion, one performed with loss of little the pressure; when the inflammatory process
blood. is subsiding the pain of pressure is greater than

blood'letting. Abstraction of blood from the body that produced by sudden relief of pressure.
as a remedial measure gen'eral b., abstraction Blumenau's nu'cleus (bloo'men-ow) [Leonid Blu-
of blood by an incision into an artery {arteri- menau, Petrograd neurologist, *i862.] The
otomy) or a vein {venesection, phlebotomy) lo'cal
.
outer portion of the cuneate fasciculus in the
b., abstraction of blood from the smaller vessels oblongata.
by wet cupping or leeching. Blumenau's plas'ter test (bloo'men-ow). A drop
blood'root. Sanguinaria. of tuberculin is placed in the forearm near the
blood'shot. Locally congested, the smaller blood- bend of the elbow and covered with adhesive
vessels of the part being dilated and visible. plaster; in cases of tuberculosis a characteristic
blood' -vessel. A tube (artery, capillary, vein, or eruption appears in from 24 to 48 hours.
sinus) conveying blood. Blu'menbach's cli'vus [Johanji' Friedrich Blumen-
bach, German physiologist, 1752-1840.] The
affecting the tonus, vasomotor, vasotonic, angiotonic,
sloping portion of the sphenoid bone continuous
vasohypotonic, vasodilator, angiohypotonic, vasohy
pertonic, vasoconstrictor, angiohypertonic. capillary, with the basilar process of the occipital. B.'s
telangion, trichangion. closure of, by means of liga- proc'ess, processus uncinatus.
tion, acupressure, torsion, artery forceps, angiotnbe.
coil of, glomus, glomeru-
Blyth's test [Alexander Wynter Blyth, English
dot in, embolus, thrombus,
lus, degeneration, atheroma, angiosclerosis. dilata- sanitarian, contemporary.] Tincture of coch-
tion, angiectasia, vasodilatation, aneurysm, varix; tel- ineal, added to water, forms a precipitate if
angiectasia, trichangiectasia, angiotelectasia_ (of capil- lead is present.
laries), disease, angiopathy, angiosis; angiosclerosis,
angiofibrosis, atheroma, angiomalacia; angionenrosis; BIVA. Abbreviation for Basel nomina anatomica,
telangiosis (of capillaries), formation, vasifaction ,vasi- Basle* anatomical nomenclature.
formation, vasoformation, angiopoiesis, angiogenesis. Bo'as' point [Ismar Boas, Berlin physician, *i858.]
inflammation, angeitis, angiitis, junction of, anasto-
mosis, inosculation, synanastomosis. narrowing, angi- A tender spot to the left of the twelfth thoracic
ostenosis, vasoconstriction, paralysis, angioparalysis, vertebra, present in cases of gastric ulcer. B.'s
angioparesis, vasomotor paralysis, vasopaialysis, vaso- test, for hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice a
;

paresis, rupture, angiorrhexis. spasm, angiospasm,

vasospasm, tumor, angioma, hemangioma, endotheli- drop of a solution of resorcin and sugar, each 5,
oma, aneurysm, angiosarcoma, angioglioma, telangi- in dilute alcohol 100, added to a drop of the
oma, angionoma. filtered gastric juice produces a temporary scarlet

(bio) [Claude Philibert Hippolyte

color if hydrochloric acid is present. B.'s test
Blot's scis'sora
Blot, Parisian obstetrician, 1823-1888.] An break'fast, consists of a tablespoonful of oat-

instnmient for craniotomy, consisting of lance- meal in a quart of water boiled down to a pint;
 ;

BOAS' POINT 132 BOLDINE

it is eaten in the morning, the stomach having body-cav'ity. Ccelom, the general cavity of the
previously been washed out, and the stomach body, consisting of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis.
contents are withdrawn and examined after one bod'y-louse. Pediculus corporis.
hour and a half. bod'y-snatch"ing. Robbing a grave of a newly
Bo'as-Opp'Ier bacill'us [Ismar Boas; Bruno Oppler, buried corpse for purpose of dissection.
Breslau physician, contemporary.] Bacillus gas- Boeck's disease' [Carl Wilhelm Boeck, Norwegian
irophilus. physician, 1808-1875.] A variety of multiple
Bob'roff's meth'od [V. F. Bobroff, Moscow surgeon, benign sarcoid,* marked by one or more large
*i858 ] Treatment of cyst of the liver by nodules 'or a number of firm, elastic, reddish
incision and removal of the lining membrane, papules, sometimes with slight •scaling, with
followed by suture of the incision and closure central umbilication, which finally disappear,
of the abdomen without lavage or drainage. leaving a pigmented area. B.'s itch or sca'bies,
Bochdalek's canal' or fora'men (bokh-dal'ek) a severe form of scabies observed in Scandinavia,
[Vincent Alexander Bochdalek, Prague anato- thought to be due to the itch-mite of the wolf
mist, 1801-1883.] Rivinus's* foramen. B.'s contracted by handling the skins of these animals
gan'glion, a ganglion of the plexi;s of the dental scabies crustosa.
nerve lying in the maxilla just above the root Boedeker's test (be'da-ker) [Carl Heinrich Detlef
of the canine tooth. B.'s gap, the opening Boedeker, German chemist, 1815-1895]. For
in the diaphragm on either side posteriorly albumin in the urine the urine is acidulated with
;

between the vertebral and the costal attach- acetic acid and potassium ferrocyanide is added;
ments. B.'s muscle, musculus triticeogjossus. albumin is present a white precipitate forms.
if

B.'s valve, a fold of mucous membrane in the Boenninghausen's meth'od (be'ning-how"zen) [C.von
nasal canal at the level of the punctum Boenninghausen, German physician, nineteenth
lacrimale. century.] In homeopathy, the selection of a
Bock's nerve [August Carl Bock, German anato- remedy by a comparison of the elements of the
mist, 1782-1833.] The pharyngeal nerve arising symptoms of the disease and the drug-symptoms
from the posterior portion of the sphenopalatine without insisting upon an exact correspondence
ganglion, blended usually with the Vidian nerve. in location, sensation, and modality.
Bock'hart's impeti'go [Max Bockhart, German physi- Boerhaave's glands (boor'hah-veh) [Hermann Boer-
cian, nineteenth century.] A form of impetigo haave, Dutch physician, 1668— 1738.] Sweat
involving the hair follicles, frequently a residt glands.
of autoinoculation from the discharge of a boil. Boeme, Texas. Indian Mineral Springs about 3
Bo'dal's test. A test for color vision by means of miles from Boeme. Alkaline-saline waters.
variously colored blocks. Used for drinking in chronic rheiimatism, renal
Bo'do. A genus of protozoan organisms some of and nervous diseases, malaria, and tuberculosis.
which are parasitic in the intestine of man and Boettcher's (bet'kher) [Arthur Boeticher,
canal'
other mammalians; it is wedge-shaped, the German anatomist at Dorpat, 1831— 1889.] A
narro'fr part being twisted in itself, and is provided minute canal connecting the utricle and saccule
with two fiagella. B. urina'rius, a species found of the internal ear. B.'s cells, a single layer of
occasionally in the urine, but probably not cells on the basilar membrane of the cochlea.
pathogenic. B.'s crys'tals, crystals formed in prostatic fluid
bod'y [A.S. bodig.] Corpus, soma. i. The trunk upon the addition of a one per cent, solution of
as distinguished from the head and extremities. ammonium phosphate. B.'s gang'lion, a small
2. The material part of man, as distinguished mass of gray matter on the vestibular branch of
from the mind. 3. The principal mass of any the cochlear nerve near its origin. B.'s space,
structure. 4. A thing, a substance. 5. In den- Cotunnius'* space.
tistry the inner portion of an artificial tooth Boettger's test (bet'ger) [Wilhelm Carl Boettger,
beneath the vitreous surface. (For terms German chemist, *i87i.] For glucose: the sus-
not found here, see the qualifying word or pected urine, alkalinized by means of sodium
under corpus.) allox'ur b., xanthin* base, bicarbonate, is boiled with bismuth subnitrate;
hrass'y b., a dark-colored erythrocyte containing the presence of sugar is indicated by a black
a malarial parasite, brown b., black* spore. precipitate. B.'s test-paper, alkanin paper.
«il'iary b., the ciliary processes and muscles bog'bean. Menyanthes.
taken collectivelj'. dead b., corpse, demilune'
. Bogros's space (bog-ro') [Jean Annet Bogros, French
b., see demilune, dentic'ulate b., fascia dentata anatomist, 1786— 1823.] Retroinguinal space; a
hippocampi [BNA]. elemen'tary b., platelet. triangular space between the diaphragm and the
epithe'lial b., parathyroid, fat b. of the cheek, fascia transversalis, at the lower angle of which
corpus adiposum buccse [BNA]. fat b. of the is the inguinal ligament.
or'bit, corpus adiposum orbitee [BNA]. for'eign boil [properly bile, A.S. byl, a swelling.] Purtmcle.
t., anything in the tissues or cavities of the body orien'tal b., an infectious ulcer, beginning as a
that has been introduced there from without, papule which soon enlarges to a nodule or large
and that is not absorbable, fuch'sin b., tubercle and then breaks down into an ulcer;
Russell's* body, glass b., see demilune* body: the affection is endemic in parts of Asia Minor,
inclu'sion b., nucleoid, lentic'ular b., nucleus Northern Africa, and India, as indicated by its
dentatus [BNA]. no-thresh'old b., a substance various names; Aleppo boil or evil, Biskra button,
i n the blood plasma, the presence of which gives Delhi boil, Pendjdeh sore, etc. It is a local infec-
rise to no symptoms, ol'ivary b., oliva. pam- tion by the Leishman-Donovan bodies, hence
pin'iform b., epoophoron [BNA], paranu'clear called dermal leishmaniasis.
Ta., attraction sphere, perine'al b., the tissues bol'din, Boldoglucin, a glucoside from boldus;
between rectum and vagina in the female peri- cholagogue and diuretic, employed in rheumatism
neum, pitu'itary b., hypophysis cerebri, po'- and hepatic troubles in doses of gr. 1-3 (o. 06-0 .a).
lar b., one of two minute globular masses in the bol'dine. A
bitter alkaloid obtained from boldus;
ovum, expelled at the time of impregnation. hypnotic in doses of gr. 3 (0.2), and local anes-
rice b., corpus oryzoideum. thetic.
BOLDO 133 BORAGE
bol'do (N.P.)- The leaves of Boldu boldus or ri'der's b., ossification of the tendon of the
Peumus boldus, an evergreen shrub of Chile; adductor longus, following its rupture from
employed in hepatic troubles and in genito- strain in horseback riding, ses'amoid b., a b.
urinary inflammations in doses of i!i!4 (0.25) of formed in a tendon where it passes over a joint.
the N.F. fluidextract. sple'nial b., splint b., one of the dermal bones
Boldus. Soldo. of the primitive head in the embryo. su"pra-
bole (bol) [G. holos, a lump of clay.] An argillaceous interpari'etal b., a Wormian* b. at the posterior
earth or clay; it is found variously colored and portion of the sagittal suture, su'tural b., Wor-
is used as a pigment it has also been employed
; mian* b. tympan'ic b., annulus* tympanicus.
medicinally as an astringent. Worm'ian b., see Wormian.
Bole'tus [L.] A genus of mushrooms, common in pine
woods, some of the species of -which are edible. abscess, ostempyesis. absorption, osteoporosis, oste-
olysis, osteanabrosis, osteoclasis, brittleness, fragil-
Boley gauge (boleh gaj) [after the name of the itas ossium, osteopsathyrosis, curvature, osteocamp-
inventor.] Awatch-maker's gauge with milli- sia. death, caries, necrosis, osteonecrosis, osteohelco-
meter markings, used by dentists. sis. disease, osteopathy. formation, osteogenesis,
osteogeny, ossification, hardening, osteosclerosis,
Bolognini's symp'tom (bo-lon-ye'ne). A
feeling of eburnation. indammation, osteitis, ostitis, osteo-
crepitation on gradually increasing pressure on myelitis, osteoperiostitis, endostitis. pain, ostealgia,
the abdomen in cases of measles. osteocope, osteodynia, osteoneuralgia, regeneration,
osteoanagennesis. softening, osteomalacia, osteo-
bolometer (bo-lom'e-tur) [G. bole, a throw, a sun- halisteresis, mollities ossium, medullization. tumor,
beam + metron, measure.] i. An instrument osteoncus, osteoma, osteospongioma, osteosarcoma,
for measuring the force of the heart beat as exostosis, osteophyma, osteophyte, osteocephaloma,
osteocarcinoma, osteocystoma, ulceration, osteohel-
distinguished from the blood pressure. 2.
cosis, caries.
An instrument for determining minute degrees
of radiant heat. bone-ache (bSn'ak). Osteocopic pain, severe dtdl
bolus [L.] Avery large pill, usually of soft con- pain in the bones, usually of syphilitic origin.
sistence, made extemporaneously and to be taken bone-£ish.- Bone earth.
at once. bone-car'tilage. i. Cartilage which becomes ossi-
bon'duc-seeds, bon'duc-nuts. The seeds of Guilan- fied to form the cartilage-bones. 2. Ossein.
dina bonduc, a tropical shrub growing near the bone-cell. Osteoblast.
seacoast; antiperiodic and tonic in doses of gr. bone-conduc'tion. Transmission^ of sound-waves
10-15 (0.6—1.0). through the bones of the head; osteophony.
bone [A.S. io«.] i. A
hard animal tissue consisting bone-cor'puscle. Osteoblast.
of an organic matrix of fibers of collagen im- bone-earth. The mineral matter obtained by
pregnated with mineral matter, chiefly calcium burning or calcining bones.
phosphate and carbonate; the animal matter, bone'let. Ossicle.
or organic matrix, comprises about 33 per cent., bone-oil. Dippel's* animal oil.
the inorganic or mineral matter about 67 per bone'set. Eupatorium.
cent., by weight of bone. :i. A portion of bone bone'-setter. An empiric who claims' the natural
tissue of definite shape and size, forming a part power of reducing old dislocations, relieving
of the animal skeleton; in man there are 300 ankylosis, and setting fractures.
distinct bones in the skeleton, not including the bone-wax. A
mixture of iodoform, 40, spermaceti,
ossicles of the tympanum or the sesamoid bones 30, and oil of sesame, 30; used in filling bone
other than the two patellae. A bone consists cavities, by Mosetig*-Moorhof's method.
of an outer layer of dense compact tissue, covered Adolphe Bonfils,
Bonfils' disease' (bawh-fes') [Emile
by the periosteum, and an inner loose, spongy French physician, nineteenth century.] Hodg-
tissue; the central portion of a long bone is kin's* disease.
filled with marrow. (For the several bones of Bonhoeffer's symp'tom (bon'hof-er) [Karl Bon-
the body see os, or the qualifying word.) ank'le hoeffer, Berlin psychiatrist, *i868.] Loss of the
b., astragalus, talus [BNA]. breast b., sternum. normal muscle tone in chorea.
car'tilage b., a b. developed from cartilage. Bonnaire's' meth'od. Digital dilatation of the
cav'alry b., rider's b. coll'ar b., clavicle, der'mal cervix to facilitate induction of labor.
b., a b. formed by ossification of the cutis. Bonnet's cap'sule (bon-na') [Amad^e Bonnet,
epac'tal b.. Wormian b. epipter'ic b., a "Wor- French surgeon, 1802-1858.] Tenon's* capsule.
mian b. occasionally present at the pterion or B.'s opera'tion, enucleation of the eyeball.
junction of the parietal, frontal, great wing of the Bonnier's syn'drome (bon-e-a') [Pierre Bonnier^
sphenoid, and squamous portion of the temporal French clinician, *i86i.] Vertigo with inability
bones, haunch b., hip b., os coxas [BNA]. in- to stand erect, various oculomotor troubles, pain
ca'rial b., os* interparietale, os incffi. inci'sive in the area of the supraorbital nerve, auditory
b., osincisivum. intermax'illary b.,osincisivum. troubles, paroxysmal nausea, thirst, and anorexia,
interpari'etal b., os inoae, os* interparietale. dyspnea, rapid or slow heart action, and various
jugal b., OS zygomaticum. lentic'ular b., proces- disturbances of secretion, occurring in the early
sus lenticularis [BNA]. len'tiform b., os pisi- stage of a bulbar lesion.
forme[BNA]. lin'gual b., os hyoideum. mem'- boohoo'. Name formerly given to a fever with
brane b., a b. developed from membrane, penis malaise, indigestion, and pain in various parts of
b., a more or less extensive area of ossification
the body, from which newcomers to the Hawai-
i an Islands sometimes suffered.
in the corpus cavernosum penis in certain of the
lower animals, a vestige of which is occasionally Boophilus (bo-of'i-lus) [G. bous, ox, + phileo, I
found in man. ping'pong b., the thin shell of love.] A genus of ticks infesting cattle; see
Margaro-pus.
osseous tissue covering a giant-cell sarcoma
boracic acid (bo-ras'ik as'id). Acidum boricum.
in a bone, pneumat'ic b., hollow b., one
containing many air-cells, postul'nar b.,os pisi- bo'racil. An
antiseptic powder
composed of boric
pre-interpari'etal b., a large and and resorcinol.
benzoic acids; acetanilid,
forme [BNA].
found detached from bo'rage. Burrage, bee-bread; the leaves and
Wormian* b. occasionally
the interparietal b. flowers of Borago officinalis; diuretic and dia-
the anterior portion of
 .

BORAGE 134 BOTHRIOCEPHALUS

phoretic in doses of S §— i (2 0-4 .0) of a fluid-

.
boroglycerol (bo-ro-glis'er-ol). Boroglycerin.
extract. bo'rol. Borosulphate of potassium or sodium; used
Boragina'ceee. An order of gamopetalous dicoty- as an antiseptic in 20 per cent, solution in doses of
ledonous plants, which includes borage. 15110-15 (0.6—1.0).
bo'ral. Borotartrate of aluminum, antiseptic and borolyp'tol. Trade name of an intestinal antiseptic
astringent. containing boracic acid.
bo'ralide. Trade name of an antiseptic dressing bo'ron. A non-metallic triad element, symbol B.
said to contain acetanilid and boracic acid. atomic weight 11; occurs as a hard crystalline
bo'rate. Asalt of boracic acid. mass or as a brown powder with oxygen it forms
;

bo'rated. Noting anything to which borax has boric acid.

been added. borophe'nol. A disinfectant mixture of borax and
bo'rax. Sodii biboras (Br.), sodii boras (U.S.). phenol.
borboryg'mus, pi. borboryg'mi [G. borborygmos, bo"rophenyric acid. Phenyl boric acid, C,HjB-
rumbling in the bowels.] The occurring of (OH)2; antiseptic in 1—5000 solution.
noises — —
rumbling, gurgling, etc. in the stomach borosaUcylic acid bo"ro-sal-i-sil'ic as'id). An
or intestine. antiseptic solution containing 4 per cent, each of
Bordet's phenom'enon (bor-da') [J. Bordet, Belgian boracic and salicylic acids.
bacteriologist, contemporary.] Fixation of com- bo'rosol. Trade name of a mixture of boracic,
plement on the addition of fresh serum to either
; and tartaric acids, aluminum tartrate,
salicylic,
sensitized blood-cells or sensitized bacteria all and glycerin; astringent and deodorant.
the complement, both hemolytic and bacteri- bor'sal. BorosaUcylic acid.
olytic, in the former is removed; see Bordet- borsal'yl. Sodium borosalicylate, prepared by
Gengou phenomenon. heating sodium salicylate and boric acid in water;
Bordet-Gengou bacillus (bor-da'zhon-goo') A. a white soluble powder, employed as an analgesic
minute ovoid bacillus supposed to be pathogenic and antiseptic in rheumatism, pleurisy, chorea,
in whooping-cough. B.-G. phenom'enon, fixa- and gout in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0).
tion of complement occurring in either Bordet's Borsieri's line (bor-sJ-air'e) phenomenon
. A
or 'Gengou's phenomenon; see these names. similar to the meningitic streak, occurring in
B.-G. test, to determine whether or not a serum scarlet fever.
contains certain amboceptors; the serum is Borthen's opera'tion (bor'ten) [Johan Borthen,
heated and mixed with fresh normal serum (to Norwegian ophthalmologist, contemporary.] Iri-
furnish complement) and an emulsion of cells dotasis.
the amboceptors of which are to be tested for; Borthwick Mineral Springs, Canada. lodo-bro-
after six hours sensitized erythrocytes are added; mated-saline waters. Used internally.
if now there is no hemolysis it is assumed that the boss. I A protuberance, a circumscribed rounded
.

amboceptors were present in the serum

specific swelling. 2. The prominence of a kyphosis, or
and appropriated the hemolytic complement. humpback.
Borgery's lig'ament (bor-zher-e') Ligamentum
. boss'elated. Marked by numerous bosses or
popliteum obliquum. rounded protuberances.
bo'ric acid, Acidum boricum. bossela'tion. 1. A boss. 2. A condition in which
bo'ricin. A mixture of boracic acid and borax. one or more bosses, or rounded protuberances
bo'rine. Trade name of a preparation said to con- are present.
sist largely of boracic acid with aromatic sub- Bossi's dila'tor (bos'se) [Luigi Maria Bossi,
stances. Italian obstetrician, fipip.] An instrument for
bo'rism. Symptoms caused by the ingestion of rapid dilatation of the cervix uteri; it consists
borax or any compound of boron. of three or four blunt-pointed metallic rods
Borland Mineral Well, W. Va. Alkaline-muri- which can be separated by a registering screw
ated-saline-sulphureted waters. Tonic, used in apparatus.
hepatic, renal, gastric, and intestinal affections. Bos'tock's catarrh' [John Bostock, British physician,
bor'neol. Borneo camphor.* 1773-1846.] Hayfever.
bor'nyval. Borneol isovaleric acid ester; a clear, Bos'ton's sign [Leonard Napoleon Boston, Philadel-
colorless,aromatic liquid, recommended as a phia physician, *i87i.] A
sign in exophthal-
nerve sedative in neurasthenia, hysteria, neural- mic goiter, consisting in (i) arrest of descent of
gia, and neuritis; dose ir[j4-i2 (0.25-0.8). the eyelid, (2) spasm, (3) continued descent, occur-
borobo'rax. A mixture of boracic acid and borax. ring as the eyeball is rotated downward.
borochloretone (bd-ro-klo're-ton) An antiseptic
. bos'tryx [G. a curl.] In botany, a helicoid cyme.
dusting powder consisting of a mixture of boracic Boswell Springs, Oregon Muriated-saline-chalyb-
acid and chloretone. eate-carbonated-sulphureted waters. Two
boroflu'orin. Trade name of an antiseptic prepara- springs. Hepatic disorders, dyspepsia, consti-
tion said to consist of boracic and benzoic acids, pation, and chronic malaria.
sodium fluoride, and formaldehyde. Botal's' duct [Leonardo Botalli, Italian physician
borofor'mal. An antiseptic compound of boracic in Paris, *IS30.] Ductus arteriosus. B.'s
and formic acids with alumina. fora'men, the orifice of communication between
bo'rogen. Ethyl borate, boric acid ethyl ester; an the two atria of the fetal heart.
inflammable liquid, used by inhalation in catar- botan'ic, botan'ical. Relating to botany.
rhal affections of the upper respiratory tract. bot'any [G. boianion, dim. of boiane, grass.] The
boroglyceride (bo-ro-glis'er-id). Boroglycerin. science which treats of plants in all their relations.
boroglycerin, boroglyceri'num (bo-ro-glis'er-in) Bothrioceph'alus [G. bothrion, dim. of bothros, a
Glyceryl borate, boroglyceride, a soft mass ob- pit or ditch, -|- kephale, head.] A genus of
tained by heating glycerin 46, and boric acid 31, Cestoidea, or tapeworms, called also Dibothrio-
until the weight is reduced to 50; antiseptic, cephalus. B. corda'tus, a species common in
usually employed mixed with equal parts of dogs and man in Greenland. B. la'tus, Tcsnia
glycerin, constituting the official glycerite of lata,a large tapeworm of man, found in many
boroglycerin. parts of Europe, in Japan, and elsewhere in Asia;
BOTHRIOCEPHALUS 135 BOUILLY'S OPERATION

it often has several thousand segments, broader Bouchut, but not adopted because of the imper-
than long; the head has no sucking discs, but employed revived independ-
fection of the tubes ;

two deep grooves or suckers at the borders. B. ently by O'Dwyer.* B.'s respira'tion, a form of
linguloid'es or B. man'soni, a species of which respiration in children with bronchopneumonia,
only the larval form has been studied; this is in which expiration is longer than inspiration.
fovmd in the subperitoneal connective tissue B.'s tube, a short cylindrical tube employed in
whence it wanders into the pleural cavity, urin- intubation of the larynx.
ary passages, etc. Boudin's law (boo-dan') [Jean Christian Marie
bunch of
botryoid (bot'ri-oyd) [G. hotryoeides, like a Franfois Joseph Boudin, French physician,, 1803—
grapes.] Having numerous rounded protuber- 1867.] An incorrectly assumed antagonism
ances resembling a bunch of grapes. between tuberculosis and malaria. B.'s meth'od,
Botryomy'ces [G. botrys, a bunch of grapes, + the giving of arsenic in large daily amount, but
mykes, fungus.] A genus of bacteria or fission in small frequently repeated fractional doses.
fungi. B. e'qui, the specific organism of botryo- Bougard's paste (boo-gar') [Jean Joseph Bougard,
mycosis in horses. French physician, 18 15-1884.] A cancer paste
botryomyco'ina. Granuloma vegetans occurring in composed of corrosive sublimate 0.5, arsenic i,
botryomycosis, cinnabar 5, sal ammoniac 5, wheat flour 60,
botryomyco'sis. Infection with botryomycetes, starch 60, solution of zinc chloride 245.
marked by the occurrence of masses of nodular bougie (boo-zhe') [Fr. candle.] A cylindrical in-
growths in the lungs; it affects chiefly horses, strument, resembling a sound, usually more or
but sometimes man. less flexible and yielding, employed in the diag-
botiyomycot'ic. Relating to or afiEected by botry- nosis and treatment of strictures of tubular pas-
omycosis. sages, such as the urethra or rectum. It is
botryotherapy (bofrl-o-ther'S-pI) [G. botrys, a sometimes made of a soluble material, contain-
cluster of grapes, + therapeia, medical treatment.] ing a medicament, and is used for making local
Grape-cure, a method of treatment of chronic applications to the urethra, etc. b. a boule
constipation, abdominal plethora, etc., by an ex- (boo-zhe' S-bool'), one with a bulbous extremity;
clusive or nearly exclusive diet of grapes. also called acorn-tipped, bulbous, olive-pointed,
Botry'tis [G. botrys, a bunch of grapes] A
genus of etc.
fungi, growing chiefly on rotten wood. B. bougienage (boo-zhe-nazh'). Examination or
bassia'na, a species causing the disease muscar- treatment of the interior of any canal by the
dine in silkworms. passage of a bougie or cannula.
bots, botts [Gael, boiteag, maggot.] The larvae of Bouillaud's disease' (boo-e-yo') [Jean Baptiste
the botfly of the genus CEstrus, infesting stomach, Bouillaud, French physician, 1796-1881.] Rheu-
throat, or intestines of the horse. These larvae matic endocarditis. B.'s tinkle, a metallic clink-
may cause certain digestive disorders and colics. ing sound sometimes heard on auscultation, in
Bottini's opera'tion (bot-te'ne) [Enrico Bottini, cases of cardiac hypertrophy, a little to the
Italian surgeon, 1837-1903.] The burning of right of the apex pulsation.
deep channels in the enlarged prostate, by means bouillon (boo-yawn') [Fr. broth, from bouillir, to
of an intraurethral galvanocautery, in order to boil.] I. A
clear beef-tea. 2. A
culture medium
enlarge the orifice and cause subsequent shrink- made by soaking 500 gm. of chopped lean beef in
ing of the middle and lateral lobes of the 1,000 c.c. of water, adding 10 gm. powdered
gland. peptone, 5 gm. table salt, and 5 c.c. normal
bottom-disease (bot'om-diz-Sz") [boUom-lands, where sodium hydrate (4 per cent.) solution, boiling,
the disease prevails.] Poisoning in horses from filtering, making alkaline by adding 10 c.c. more

eating rattlebox, Crotalaria sagittalis. of normal sodium hydrate, and again boiling,
botuUne (bot'u-len). A
ptomaine found in cal'cium-salt b., a b. to which calcium chloride,
sausages and canned meats and vegetables carbonate, or sulphate is added; it affords a
produced by Bacillus botulinus; it is poisonous. medium comparable to one containing serum for
bot'ulism [L. botulus, sausage.] Allantiasis; poison- the cultivation of certain bacteria, carbol'ic b.,
ing by tainted sausage. b. containing i per cent, of phenol, glyc'erin

botulismotox'in. Botuline. b., ordinary b. to which 5 per cent, glycerin

boubas (bo-oo'bahs) [native Brazilian word.] Yaws. has been added, glu'cose b., made by adding
I or 2 per cent, of glucose to sugar-free b., used
Bouchard's coefficient (boo-shar') [Charles Joseph
for culture of gas-producing or acid-forming
Bouchard, Parisian physician, I837-I9IS'] The
bacteria. MacCon'key's bile-salt b., a culture
proportion of solids to fluid in the urine. B.'s
disease', myopathic dilatation of the stomach.
medium prepared by the addition of bile-saits
and certain sugars to b. man'nite-pep'tone b.,
B.'s nodes, a thickening of the first interphalan-
a one per cent, mixture of mannite in sugar-free
geal joints in cases of dilatation of the stomach.
Mar'tin's b., a b. prepared by adding to sugar-
B.'s sign, when the urine contains pus from the
b.
free b. equal parts of a peptone solution obtained
kidney, the addition of a few drops of Pehling's
solution with shaking will give rise to a number
by the digestion of a pig's stomach, ni'trate b.,
1 gm. peptone is dissolved in 1000 c.c. water and
of fine bubbles which raise to the surface the
2 gm. of nitrite-free potassium nitrate added.
coagulum produced by heating.
Pariet'ti's b., b. containing from i to 3 per cent,
Bouchardat's test (boo-shar-da') [Apollinaire Bou-
of a mixture of 4 c.c. hydrochloric acid in 100
chardat, French physician and chemist, 1806-
c.c. flve per cent, solution of phenol. Peck'ham's
1886.] For alkaloids: a brown, alcohol-soluble
b., a b. made by digesting sugar-free chopped beef
precipitate is formed by the addition of potassium
with trypsin, sug'ar-free b., b. for culture me-
triniodide to a solution of any alkaloid.
dium, from which the muscle-sugar has been
Boucheron spec'ulum (boosh-rawii') See under ear
removed by fermentation or other means.
speculum.*
[Jean Antome Bouilly's opera'tion (boo-e-ye') [Georges Bouilly,
Bouchut's meth'od (boo-shu')
Parisian surgeon, ti848.] Excision of a part
Eugfene Bouchut, Parisian physician, 1818-1891.]
of the mucous membrane of the cervix uteri,
Intubation of the larynx, first suggested by
BOUILLY'S OPERATION 136 BOWMAN'S CAPSULE

leaving a portion at each side to avoid the bullock's blood with the addition of boric acid
production of atresia. and other substances; recommended as a. tonic
Bouin's fluid (bwan) [Paul Bouin, French histologist, and in anemia.
contemporary.] A hardening fluid consisting of bovis'ta. A fungus, Lycoperdon bovista, puffball,
glacial acetic acid 15, formalin 75, saturated formerly called fungus chirurgorum, employed
aqueous solution of picric acid 225. locally as a styptic.
Boulder Hot Springs, Montana. Saline-chalybeate- bovovaccine (bo-vo-vak'sen) [L. bos{bov-), ox, -i-
stiphuTeted waters, 125° F. to 187° F. Nu- vaccine.] A vaccine against bovine tuberculosis,
merous springs. Used by drinking and bathing elaborated by v. Behring. It consists of dried,

in rheumatism, renal and hepatic diseases, but still living, tubercle bacilli (trocken-Tb.); it
indigestion, constipation, cutaneous diseases, and corresponds in virulence to Pasteur's premier vac-
metallic poisoning. cine against anthrax. Bovin, analogous to Pas-
-boulia [G. boule, will.] The deuterotheme in the teur's deuxiime vaccine, is an attenuated virus,
formation of words referring to the will. but stronger than bovovaccine. Taurin is an
bouUmia (boo-lim'S-ah) [G. bous, ox, +
limos, unmodified vinJent tuberculous virus, employed
hunger.] Bulimia, hyperorexia, a voracious to test and to complete the protection afforded
appetite. by bovovaccine and bovin. Bovovaccine is harm-
Boulton's solu'tion. Liquor iodi carbolatus (N.F.). less to cattle bovin is sometimes, but not always,
;

bouquet (boo-ka') [Fr.] i. A

cluster or bunch of fatal to unprotected cattle; taurin induces a
structures, especially of blood-vessels, suggest- fatal subacute tuberculosis in unprotected cattle.
ing a bouquet. 2. An agreeable aroma of good bo'vril. Trade name of a preparation containing
wine. meat extract, glucose and alcohol.
Bourbon-l'Archambault, France (boor-bawn"lar- Bowden Lithia Springs, Georgia. Alkaline-saline-
shahm-bo'). Bromo-iodated-saline waters, 125° lithic waters. Used by drinking and bathing
F. ; alkaline-ferruginous-magnesic waters, 120° to in rheumatism, gout, renal and cystic affections,
160° P., highly gaseous. Used by drinking and cutaneous diseases, chronic ulcers, and glandular
bathing in rheumatism, tuberculosis, nervous enlargements.
disorders, arthritis deformans, and paralysis. Bow'ditch Island ring'worm [one of the Union
May 15 to September 15. Islands in Oceanica.] Tinea imbricata.
Bourboule, France (boor-bool'). Alkaline-saline- Bow' ditch's law [Henry P. Bowdiich, American phys-
arsenated waters, 118° F. to 130° F. Two iologist, 1840-1911.] Any stimulus, however
principal springs. Used by drinking and bathing feeble, which will excite a cardiac pulsation will
in pulmonary affections, arthritis, diabetes, produce as powerful a pulsation as the strongest
anemia, debility, rheumatism, gout, and cu- stimulus " minimal stimuli cause maximal pulsa-
;

taneous diseases. May 25 to September 30. tions."

Bourdin's paste (boor-dan') [Claude Etienne Bourdin, bow'el [through the Fr. from L. boiulus, sausage.]
French physician, *i8i5.] A caustic paste of The intestine, b. complaint', diarrhea.
sublimed sulphur moistened with nitric acid. Bowen's disease' (bo'en) [John T. Bowen, Ameri-
Bour'don test. For mental disease; the patient can dermatologist, *i857.] Precancerous der-
is asked to strike out certain recurring letters or matosis, atypical epithelial proliferation charac-
numbers in a standard page, the result and the terized by the development of pinkish papules
time required being noted. covered with a thick homy layer.
bourdonnement (boor-dun-moii') [Fr. a droning.] bowleg (bo'leg). Bandy-leg, genu* varum.
A humming sound. Bowling Alley Spring, Penn. Alkaline-saline-calcic
Bourget's test (boor-zha') [Louis Bourget, Swiss waters. Used internally in hepatic disturbances,
pathological chemist, 1856-1913.] Filter paper abdominal engorgement, chronic constipation,
is impregnated with starch solution and then wet rheumatism, gout, and flatulent dyspepsia.
with a 5 per cent, ammonium sulphate solution; Bow'man's cap'sule [Sir William Bowman, English
if again wet with a solution containing iodine it anatomist, physiologist, and ophthalmologist,
turns a very deep blue color. 1816-1892.] Capsida glomeruli. B.'s discs, discs
boutonniire (boo-ton-yair') [Fr. buttonhole.] An resulting from transverse segmentation of striated
artificially produced slit or buttonhole-like muscular fiber treated with weak acids, certain
opening in a membrane. alkaline solutions or freezing. B.'s glands, tubu-
Bouveret's disease' (boo-ve-ra') [L. Bouverei, French lar glands, lined with pigmented epithelium, in the
physician in Lyons.] Paroxysmal tachycardia. olfactory region of the nasal mucous membrane,
B.'s sign, (i) an absence of concordance between behind the muciparous glands. B.'smem'brane,
the limits of a bilocular stomach as indicated the anterior elastic or limiting membrane of the
by clapotage and by insufflation; (2) a tumor in cornea. B.'s mus'cle, musctilus ciharis. B.'s
the right iliac fossa in cases of obstruction opera'tion, (i) double-needle operation fordilacer-
in the colon. ation of a cataract, two lance-pointed needles
Boveri test (bo'vair-e) [Piero Boveri, Italian neurolo- being introduced through opposite sides of the
gist, contemporary.] One c.c. of a i-iooo solu- cornea, the points meeting in the center of the lens
tion of potassium permanganate is gently poured and then being separated by moving the handles
over an equal amount of the suspected cerebro- toward each other; (2)slitting the canaliculus for
an excess of globulin in
spinal fluid in a test-tube; the relief of stenosis, to evacuate an abscess of the
the fluid is shown by the appearance of a yellow lacrymal sac, etc. B.'s probe, a double ended
ring at the line of junction and if the tube is probe for the lacrymal duct, the body of the
shaken all the fluid becomes of a bright yellow instrument being widened into a shield for con-
color; if the cerebrospinal fluid is normal, the venience in manipulating. B.'s root, gillenia.
rose-violet color of the permanganate persists. B.'s the'ory, that the urine is secreted by simple
bo'vin [L. bos(bov-), ox.] A modified tuberculous filtration, influenced by the blood-pressure, in the
virus more virulent than bovovaccine. glomeruli, and also by a principle of selection, not
bo'vine [L. 6oj(6ot-), ox.] Relating to cattle. dependent on the blood-pressure, by the epithe-
bo'vinin. Trade name of a preparation made from lium of the uriniferous tubules.
BOX-NOTE 137 BRADYCARDIA
box-note. A hoUow reverberating sound, like that conjuncti'vum poste'rius, b. quadrigeminum
produced by tapping an empty box, heard on inferius. b.copulati'viim, b. conjunctivum
percussion of the chest in emphysema. cerebelli [BNA]. b. pon'tis [BNA], arm of the
Boyer's bur'sa (bwi-ya') [Alexis, baron Boyer, pons, middle cerebellar peduncle, a bundle of the
Parisian surgeon, 1757-1833.] A bursa anterior transverse fibers of the pons which passes back-
to the thyrohyoid membrane. B.'s cyst, a sub- ward and outward on either side into the white
hyoid cyst. substance of the cerebellum, b. quadrigem'inum
Boyle's law [Robert Boyle, English chemist, 1627- infe'rius, inferior quadrigeminal b., a band pass-
1691.] Mariotte's law, the volume of a given ing from the coUiculus inferior (testis) on either
quantity of gas varies inversely as the pressure side along the border of the colliculus superior
upon it. (nates) to the posterior end of the thalamus.
b. quadrigem'inum supe'rius, superior quadri-
geminal b. a band passing laterally from the collic-
,

ulus superior (nates) on either side into the sub-

stance of the thalamus.
brachycardia [brak-e-kar'dl-ah) [G. brachys, short,
+ kardia, heart.] Bradycardia.
brachycephalic (brak-e-sef-al'ik) [G. brachys, short,
+ kephale, head.] Having a disproportionately
short head. Noting a skull with a cephalic index
Bozeman's Position. over 80, or an individual with such a skull.
Among the brachycephalic races are the American
Boze'man's opera'tion [Nathan Bozeman, American Indians, Malays, and Burmese.
surgeon, 1825-1905.] An operation for the relief brachycephalism (brak-e-sef'al-izm). Shortness of
of ureterovaginal fistula, the cervix uteri being at- the head; see brachycephalic,
tached to the bladder and opening into its cavity; brachyceph'alous. Brachycephalic.
hysterocystocleisis. B.'s posi'tion, knee-elbow po- brachyceph'aly. Brachycephalism.
sition, the patient being strapped to supports. brachycercic (brak-e-sur'sic) [G. brachys, short, +
B.'s spec'ulum, a bivalve vaginal speculum, the kerkos, tail.] Having a short tail.
long blades of which remain parallel when sep- brachycnemic (brak-e-ne'mic) [G. brachys, short, -f
arated so that the vagina is evenly dilated. kneme, leg.] Having short legs.
Boze'man-Fritsch cath'eter [Nathan Bozeman. brachydactylia (brak-e-dak-til'i-ah) [G. brachys,
Heinrich Friisch.'] A slightly curved double- short, + dakiylos, finger.] Shortness of the
current uterine catheter with several openings at fingers.
the tip. brachydactyl'ic. Having short fingers, relating to
Bozzi's fora'men (bot'tse). Macula lutea of the brachydactylia.
retina. brachyfacial (brak-e-fa'shal). Brachyprosopic.
Bozzolo's sign (bot'tso-lo) [Camillo Boszolo, Italian biachygnathia (brak-ig-na'thJ-ah) [G. brachys
physician, *i845.] Pulsating vessels in the nasal short, -I- gnaihos, jaw.] Abnormal shortness or
mucous membrane, noted occasionally in thoracic recession of the mandible.
aneurysm. brachygnathous (brak-ig'na-thus). Having a reced-
Br. Chemical symbol of bromum, or bromine. ing under-jaw.
brachia. Plural of brachium, arm. brachymetropia (brak-e-me-tro'pJ-ah) [G. brachys,
brachial (bra'ke-al). Relating to the arm. short, -I- metron, measure, 4- ops, eye.] Myopia.
brachialgia (bra-ke-al'ji-ah) [G. brachion, arm, + brachymetropic (brak-e-me-trop'ik). Myopic.
algos, pain.] Severe pain in the arm. brachypodous (brak-ip'o-dus) [G. brachys, short,
brachialis (bra-ke-a'lis). See under musculus. pous(pod-), foot.] Having short feet.
brachiocephalic (bra-ke-o-sef-al'ik) Relating to brachjrprosopic (brak-e-pros-o'pik) [G. brachys,
both arm and head. short, + prosopikos, facial.] Having a short
brachiocrural (bra-ke-o-kru'ral). Relating to both face.
arm and thigh. brachyuranic (brak-e-u-ran'ik) [G. brachys, short,
brachiocubital (bra-ke-o-ku'W-tal). Relating to + ouranos, roof of the mouth.] Having a
both arm and forearm. palatomaxillary index above 115.
brachiocyllo'sis (bra-ke-o-sil-o'sis) [G. brachion, arm, bract [L. bractea, a thin metal plate.] A leaf,
-+ kylldsis,a.cTodkm.g.'\ Curvature of the humerus. iisually differentiated, near a flower or in a flower

brachiotomy (bra-ke-ot'o-mi) [G. brachion, arm, -I- cluster, or from the axil of which a flower springs.

tome, incision.] Incision into or amputation of bracteole (brak'te-ol) [L. bracteola, dim. of bractea, a
thin metal plate.] A small bract on or at the base
an arm, especially removal of the arm of the fetus
of a flower-stalk.
to allow of delivery.
brachium, pl.brachia (bra'ke-um) [L. from G. brach- Bradford Mineral Springs, N. H. Sulphureted-
ion, arm.] i. The arm, specifically the segment of
chalybeate waters. Used by drinking and
bathing in rheumatism, diseases of the alimentary
the upper extremity between the shoulder and-the
resembling tract, urinary disorde s, catarrhal conditions,
elbow, a. An anatomical structure
diseases of women, and cutaneous diseases.
an arm. b. cerebell'i, b. conjunctivum. _b. cer'-
quadrigeminum superius.
ebri, b. b. conjuncti'- May 15 to October 15.
quadrigeminum superius. b. bradyacusia (brad"e-a-ku'sl-ah) [G. bradys, slow, +
Tum ante'rius, b.
Hardness of hearing.
"connecting akousis, hearing.]
conjuncti'vum cerebelli [BNA],
superior cerebellar bradysBSthe'sia. Bradyesthesia.
arm" of the cerebellum,
peduncle, a, band of white fibers emerging from
bradyarthria (brad-e-ar'thrl-ah) [bradys, slow, +
each cerebellar hemisphere and passing upward
arthron, articulation.] An abnorma,! slowness or
deliberation in speech.
over the pons, the two converging to form first
the sides and then a part of the roof of the fourth
bradycar'dia [G. bradys, slow, +
kardia, heart.]
quadri- Abnormal slowness of the heart beat, cardio-
ventricle, and finally dipping beneath the
mus'cular b., b. due to disease of the cardiac
geminal bodies to enter the mesencephalon, b.
 BRADYCARDIA 138 BRAND METHOD
musculature, cen'tral b., b. due to disease of the arteries, end-b., telencephalon, fore-b., pros-
central nervous system, essen'tial b., idiopathic encephalon, hind-b., epencephalon. inter-b.,
b., a slow pulse for which no cause can be dis- thalamencephalon. litt'le b., cerebellum, mid-
covered, no'dal b., that form of b. in which b., mesencephalon, red softening of the b.,
there is no sign of an auricular systole between the primary congestive stage of acute suppura-
the ventricular contractions; see nodal rhythm.* tive encephalitis, smell b., rhinencephalon.
postinfec'tious b., a toxic b. occurring during con- thalam'ic b., thalamencephalon. 'tween-b.,
valescence from various infectious diseases, such thalamencephalon. wet b., the cerebral edema
as rheumatism, influenza, etc. of chronic alcoholism.
bradycine'sia [G. bradys, slow, +
kinesis, move-
abscess, encephalopyosis, absence, anencephalia, an-
ment.] Extreme slownessin movement.
encephaly. action, cerebration, anemia, acephale-
bradycrot'ic [G. bradys, slow, +
krotos, a. striking.] mia, anencephalemia, anencephaiohemia. compression,
Relating to or characterized by a slow pulse, or encephalothlipsis. congestion, cephalemia, encepha-
bradycardia. lemia. disease, cerebropathy, cerebrosis, encephalop-
athy, hardening, cerebrosclerosis. hemorrhage, ap-
bradydiastole (brad-e-di-as'to-le) [G. bradys, slow, oplexy, encephalorrhagia, hematencephalon. Bemia,
-I- diastole, dilatation of the heart.] Prolonga- cephalocele, encephalocele, exencephalocele, encepha-
tion of the diastole of the heart. loma, craniocele, encephalomeningocele, derencephalo-
cele. hypertrophy, encephalauxe, macrencephalon.
bradyesthe'sia, bradysesthe'sia [G. bradys, slow, -1- inflammation, oerebellitis, cerebritis, encephalitis
aisthesis, sensation.] A
retardation in the rate phrenitis, encephalomeningitis, meningoenrephaUtis,
of transmission of sensory impressions. poliencephalitis, porencephalitis, large, macroenceph-
alon, megalencephalon. membranes, meninges, pia
bradyglos'sia [G. bradys, slow, + glossa, tongue.]
mater, leptomeninx, duia mater, pachymeninx, arach-
Bradyarthria. noid, pain, encephalalgia, encephalocynia. small,
bradylalia (brad-e-la'H-ah) [G. bradys, slow, + lalia, mjcrenceohalon. softenmg, cerebromalacia, enceph-
alodialysis, encephalomalacia, mollities cerebri, tumor,
speech.] Bradyarthria. encephalophyma, encephaloma, cerebroma.
bradylexla (brad-i-lek'si-ah) [G. bradys, slow, +
lexis, word, phrase.] Abnormal slowness in brain-case. The cranium in its restricted sense,
reading. the part of the skull which encloses the brain.
bradylo'gia [G. bradys, slow, + logos, word.] brain-fag. Brain-tire.
Bradyarthria. brain -fe'ver. Meningitis; cerebritis.
bradypep'sia [G. bradys, slow, + pepsis, digestion.] brain-mur'mur. A systolic murmtir, sometimes
Slowness of digestion. heard in cases of rickets, with the stethoscope
bradypha'gia [G. bradys, slow, + phago, I eat.] applied to the temporal region.
Extreme slowness in eating. brain-sand. Acervulus, gritty material, consisting
bradyphasia (brad-if-fa'zi-ah) [G. bradys, slow, -t- of crystals of calcium carbonate and calcium
phasis, speaking.] Bradyarthria, or slowness phosphate found in the follicles of the pineal
of speech, especially if due to a cerebral lesion.
body after the sixth or seventh year of life.
bradyphrasia (brad-i-fra'zJ-ah) [G. bradys, slow, -|- brain-storm. Aviolent, but temporary, outburst
phrasis, speech.] Bradyphasia. of maniacal excitement occurring in paranoia.
bradypnea, bradypnoea (brad-ip-ne'ah) [G. bradys, brain-su'gar. Cerebrose.
slow, + pnoe, breathing.] Abnormal slowness brain-tire. Exhaustion of the mental faculties
of respiration.
through overwork of an intellectual character;
bradyspermatism (brad"J-spur'ma-tizm) [G. bradys,
. encephalasthenia.
slow, + sperma, seed.] Absence of ejaculatory bran. i. The outer membrane of wheat and other
force, so that the serum trickles away slowly. grains, separated from the flour by the process
bradysphygmia (brad-i-sfig'mi-ah) [G. bradys, slow, of bolting 2. Unbolted flour.
-I- sphygmos, pulse.] Abnormal slowness of branal'cane. Boroglycerin containing resorcin,
pulse, bradycardia.
colored pink; employed as an external applica-
bradytocia (brad-i-to'sl-ah) [G. bradys, slow, -H
tion in various skin affections.
(okos, childbirth.] Tedious labor, slow delivery. branchia (brang'ke-ah) [G. gills.] The gills,
bradytroph'ic [G. bradys, slow, + trophe, nourish- or
organs of respiration in flshes.
ment.] Characterized by sluggish metabolism. branchial (brang'ke-al). Relating to branchia or
bradyuria (brad-i-u'rl-ah) [G. bradys, slow, -|-
gills, b. arch'es, four pairs of curved cartilages
ouron, urine.] Slow micturition, due either to
near the upper pole of the embryo, separating
urethral stricture or other obstruction or to weak-
the b. clefts, b. clefts, lateral openings behind
ness of the bladder. the
head in the embryo of man and other vertebrates.
Braid'ism [James Braid, English physician, 1795-
branch'ing (bran'ching) [Fr. branche, related
1860.] Hypnotism. to L.
brachium, arm. J Dividing into parts sending
Brailey's opera'tion [William
; out
Arthur
Brailey. offshoots; bifurcating, false b., in
London ophthalmologist, 1845-1915.] bacteriology
Stretch- the breaking off of the terminal cell
ing of the supratrochlear nerve for the relief of of a thread,
which IS then pushed out of the line of growth
pain in glaucoma; a modification of Badal's* but
continues to grow by fission, as does also
operation. what has
now become the terminal cell of the thread, so
brain [A.S. bmgen.'\ Cerebrum, the mass of nervous
that a running branch is given off.
matter within the cranium. abdom'inal b., branchiogenous (brang-ke-oj'en-us) [G.
solar jJlexus, plexus* cceliacus. branchia,
acute' soften-
ing of the b., embolic or thrombotic apoplexy.
gills + gennao, I produce.] Originating from
the branchial arches or clefts.
af'ter-b., metencephalon. b. ax'is, the central branchiomere (brang-ke-o-mer)' [G.
portion of the brain extending from the medulla branchia, gills,
-I- meros, part.] An embryonic
to the insula, b. man'tle, pallium, cortex, segment corre-
b. spending to one of the visceral arches
pan, cranium, skull, b. stem, the medulla and or clefts
branchiomerism (brang-ke-om'er-izm).
pons; the rhombencephalon, excluding the cere- An arrange-
ment into branchiomeres.
bellum, chron'ic softening of the b., a condition
bran-disease. Rickets in the colt
of gradual softening of areas of brain tissue
caused Brand meth'od [Ernst Brand,
by progressive thrombosis of the small cerebral German physician,
1827-1897.] The systematic giving of baths at
 ,"
,

S.AND METHOD 139 BREMER'S TEST

room temperature or lower every three hours, bread. A food preparation made by kneading the
so long as the rectal temperature exceeds 103° F. flour ofsome cereal with water to make dough,
(39.4° C.) or the sensorium continues depressed, adding usually some yeast, and baking.
in typhoid fever. break, i. A solution of continuity, fracture. 2.
andf s meth'od. Stripping the Fallopian tube by The interruption of an electric current. 3. To
a process of deep massage in cases of pyosalpinx. divide in two or into a number of parts.
Etn'dy. Spirifus vini gallici; a spirituous liquor break'bone fe'ver. Dengue.
distilled from wine; it contains from 40 to 50 break' down. In the horse, rupture of the suspen-
per cent, of alcohol. sory ligament in consequence of which the fetlock
aquehaye's meth'od (brak-a'e) [Jules Pie Louis falls, the toe pointing upward and the sole looking
Braquehaye, French gynecologist, *i865.] Closure forward.
of a vesicovaginal fistula by invagination, after breast [A.S. breorf.] 1. The chest, .i. The mamma,
vivification, of the vaginal mucous membrane. mammary gland, bro'ken b., abscess of the
rasdor's meth'od (brah-dor', usually braz'dawr) mammary gland, caked b., stagnation mastitis.*
[Pierre Brasdor, French surgeon, 1721— 1798.] chick'en b., pectus carinatum. fun'nel b.,
Treatment of aneurysm by ligation of the artery a hollow at the lower part of the chest, caused'
immediately below (on the distal side of) the by a backward displacement of the xiphoid
tumor; see cut under aneurysm. cartilage, gath'ered b., abscess of the mamma.
ash. Acidity of the stomach with eructations of hyster'ical b., a painful swelling of the mamma,
sour, burning fluid; also called water-brash, pyro- due to no definite or permanent lesion, ir'ritable
sis, weaning b., diarrhea from which the infant b., swelling and induration of the breast, not due
may suffer at the time of being weaned. to a neoplasm, and usually of comparatively brief
ass'-founders' a'gue. Spelter-shakes, a tremor duration, pig'eon b., pectus carinatum. wand'-
due to chronic zinc poisoning from inhaling ering b., mamma
erratica.
fumes of this metal in brass-foundries.
abscess* galactopostema, abscessus. lacteus. absence,
ras'sica [A.S. cabbage.] A genus of plants to amastia, amazia. atrophy, 'mastatrophia, mastatropliy
which belong cabbage, cauliflower turnips, and disease, mastopathy, fistula, mastosyrinx.' fixation,
mustard. mastopexy, mazopexy. hemorrhage, mastorrhagia,;
,

hypertrophy, mastauxe, hypermastia, macromastia,

ras'sy bod'y. A darkened and shrivelled red cor- macromazia, barymazia.
^

infiammation,^ mastitis,
puscle invaded by the malignant malarial parasite. mammitis, mastadenitis. pain, mammalgia.-^lnastal-
rauch-Romberg synip'tom (browkh^rom'berg) gia, mastodynia, mazodynia. tumor, inastoncus,
mastadenoma, mastoscirrhus, mastocarcinoma, ga'lac-
[Branch, German neurologist, contemporary; see tocele.
Romberg.] Swaying of the body when the sub-
ject stands with -the feet together and the eyes breast'pang. Angina pectoris.
closed, a sign of ataxia. breast-pump. A suction apparatus, usually of glass
rauer meth'od (brow'er) [L. Brauer, German phy- with a rubber bulb at the extremity, for withdraw-
sician, contemporary.] The production of arti- ing an excess of milk from the breast.
ficial pneumothorax in the cure of pulmonary breath (breth) [A.S. 6riE<fe.] i. The respired air. 2. •.

tuberculosis. An inspiration, out of b"., dyspneic. short b.,

raiin's hook (brown) [Gustav v. Braun, Viennese dyspnea. bad b., halitosis, if etor ex ore.
'

1829-19 11.] A steel hook with

obstetrician, breathing (bre'dhing). i. The inhalation' and ex-

sharp concavity, used for decapitation of the fetus. halation of air, respiration. 2. The respiratory-

caun's meth'od [Christopher Heinrich Braun, Ger- sound heard on auscultation of th^ chest, abdom'-
man physician, *i847.] Determination of free inal b., diaphragmatic b., in which the chestex-
hydrochloric acid in the urine by means of caustic pansion occurs chiefly" downward, the depression
soda and phenolphthalein solution. B.'s test for of the diaphragm thus causing the abdomen to
sugar in the urine; the suspected fluid is heated expand during inspiration; cog'wheel b., a jerky
with a solution of caustic soda until a yellow color interruption of the breath sounds heard at times
is obtained; then a dilute solution of picric acid by auscultation, diaphragmat'ic b., abdominal b.
is added and the mixture is boiled, a red color goose b., a peculiar hissing type of respiration.
appearing if glucose is present. mouth b., habitual respiration through the mouth
raun-Femwald's sign (brown-faim'valt) [Carl v. .
instead of the nose, pu'erile b., an exaggeration
Braun, Austrian obstetrician, 1823-1891.] Asym- of the breath sounds, inspiration being loud and
metrical enlargement of the uterus in early harsh, such as is normally noticed in children.
pregn&ncy, one side being greater than the other, thorac'ic b.,the opposite of abdominal b., b. in
a perceptible furrow separating the two. which the expansion of the chest is produced
chiefly by elevation of the ribs.
raune's canal' (brow'neh) [Christian Wilhelm
Braune, German anatomist, 1831-1892.] The Brecht's car'tilage (brekht). Os* suprasterirale.
parturient canal formed by the uterine cavity, Breda's disease' (bra'dah) [Achille Breda, Italian
dermatologist, contemporary.] EspUndia.
Idilated cervix, vagina, and vulva.
ravais-Jacksonian ep'ilepsy (bra-veh'-jak-so'rf-an) breech [A.S. 6rec.] The nates, the gluteal region,-
[L. F.'Bravais, French physician, igth century.]
the buttocks, b. presenta'tion, see presentation.
Jacksonian* epilepsy. breeze. A wind, a movement, of air. elec'tric b.,-;
rax'ton Hicks' sign. See Hicks' sign. the discharge of static electricity from a pointed
electrode.
:ax'y. term applied to various diseases of sheep,
A
breg'ma [G. the forepart of the head.] The point
from a simple diarrhea to anthrax.
Cusso, kousso, the dried female on the skull corresponding to the jtmction of the
raye'ra (N.F.).
coronal and sagittal sutures.
inflorescence of Hagenia abyssinica (Brayera
of bregmat'ic. Relating to the bregma.
'

atithelmintica), a tree of- the elevated region

Breisky's disease' (bri'ske) [August Breisky, German
Abyssinia, employed as a teniacide in doses of
infusion. gynecologist, 1832—1889.] Kraurosis vulvae.
gr. 240 (iS. 0), or B 8 (250 o) of the N.F.
.

Brem'er's test [John Lewis Bremer, Boston physician,

:ay'erin. A resinous principle of bitter taste *i874.] Atest for hyperglycemia a smear of blood'
of
obtained from brayera; anthelmintic in doses
;

is made from the suspected person and another, .

gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0).

 BREMER'S TEST 140 BROADBENT'S APOPLEXY

for control, from a healthy person the smears are

;
anchored to the roots of natural teeth, or
heated to 130° C, and when cool treated with a natural abutments, to which are attached arti-
ficial teeth filling spaces devoid
of natural roots.
I per cent, aqueous solution of Congo red; the
normal blood stains red, the diabetic blood takes bridle (bri'dl) i. Frenum. 2. A band of fibrous

a yellow tint or does not stain at all. material stretching across the surface of an ulcer
Brenn'er's.test [Rudolf Brenner, German physician, or other lesion or forming adhesions between
1821-1884.] X. A continuous current is passed
opposing serous or mucous surfaces.
through the ear, the positive pole applied to the Brieger's bacil'lus (bre'ger) [Ludwig Brieger, Berlin
physician, *i849.] Bacillus cavicida. B.'sreac'-
side of the neck, the negative to the tragus if the ;

auditory nerve is normal there is a sound which is tion, the reaction by which is calculated the
raised in pitch and finally ends in tinnitus. 2. antitryptic* index.
Relating to Bright's disease
With one electrode at each tragus, normally a brightic (bri'tik).

sound is heard on cathodal closing or anodal open- of the kidney.

ing, but none on cathodal opening or anodal brightism (brit'izm). Chronic Bright's disease.
closure. Bright's disease' [Richard Bright, Enghsh physician,
brenzcaiin (brents'kah-en). [Ger.] Guaiacolbenzyl 1789-1858.] A
term of very indefinite limita-
ester; a local anesthetic, usually applied by cat- tions, meaning in general acute or chronic neph-
aphoresis to take the place of cocaine. ritis by some it is restricted to chronic nephritis,
;

IiTenzkatechin (brents-kat'e-kin). Brenzcain. by others it is employed to denote the more

Breschet's canals' (bre-sha') [Gilbert Breschet, serious forms of nephritis, either acute or chronic,
French anatomist, 1784-1845.] Diploic canals; and by others again it is tised as synonymgus
channels in the diploe lodging the diploic veins. with disease of the kidneys, including amyloid
B.'s hia'tus, helicotrema. B.'s si'nus, spheno- degeneration and granular kidney.
parietal sinus. B.'s veins, diploic veins, anas- Brill's disease' [Nathan E. .Brj7/,New York physician,
tomosing spaces in the cancellous tissue of the "1860.] A disease resembUng mild typhus fever,
flat cranial bones, lined by epithelium and con- and probably an attenuated form of that affec-
taining venous blood. tion.
Bretonneau's meth'od (bre-ton-no') [Pierre Breton- brilliantgreen (bril'yant gren). A dye of the
n^aw, French physician, 1778— 1862.] The admin- diamino-triphenylmethane group, possessing
istration of quinine in a single large dose after the very powerful antiseptic properties.
paroxysm, in malaria. brim. The upper edge or rim of a cup-like struc-
Breus mole (broys) [Carl Breus, Austrian obstetri- ture, b. of the pel'vis, the boundary of the
cian, 1830-1914.] An aborted ovum in which the inlet of the pelvis formed by the upper edge of
fetal surface of the placenta presents numerous the body of the pubis and the ileopectineal line on
hematomata, there is an absence of blood-vessels each side and the promontory of the sacrum
in the chorion, and the ovum is much smaller behind.
than it should be according to the duration of the brim'stone [A.S. brinnan, to bum.] Sulphur, spe-
pregnancy. cificallysublimed sulphur remelted and cast
brevlductor (brev-I-duk'tor) [L. brevis, short, + in cylindrical molds.
ductor, leader.] Adductor brevis muscle; see Brin'ton's disease' [William Brinton, London
under Tnusculus. physician, 1823-1867.] i. Linitis plastica. 2.
brevifleror (brev-I-fleks'or) [L. Irevis, short, + Infantile scurvy.'*'
flexor, bender.] Any flexor brevis muscle; see Briquet's atax'ia (bre-ka') [Paxil Briquet, Parisian
under musculus, physician, 1796-1881.] Weakening of the muscle-
brevium (bre'vi-um). An alleged chemical ele- sense and increased sensibility of the skin, in
ment discovered by Goehring of Karlsruhe; it is hysteria; astasia abasia. B.'s syn'drome, apho-
radioactive and is said to be a disintegration nia and shortness of breath, due to hysterical
product of uranium. paralysis of the diaphragm.
brick'dust depos'it. An amorphous sediment of brisement fore* (brez-moii' for-sa') [Fr. forcible
• urates which appears in the urine after standing. breaking.] The breaking by forcible means of
brick'layer's cramp. A professional neurosis, an ankylosis.
marked by incoordination of the hand muscles Brissaud's infantilism (bre-so') [Edouard Bris-
when attempting to use the trowel. saud, French physician, 1852— 1909.] Dysthy-
brick'maker's ane'mia. XJncinariasis. roidal infantilism. B.'s re'flex, tickling the sole
Brides-les-Bains (bred-la-bah'). Alkaline-saline causes a contraction of the tensor fasciae femoris,
waters, 96° P. Used by drinking and bathing sometimes even when there is no responsive
in hepatic, gastric, and intestinal disorders, obsti- movement of the toes.
nate constipation, obesity, women's diseases, Brissaud-Marie syn'drome (bre-so'mS-reO [Ed-
gout, diabetes, and nephritis. June to Septem- ouard Brissaud; Pierre Marie.] Unilateral
ber. See also Salins Moutiers. spasm of the tongue and lips, of hysterical
Brides-Salins, France. See Brides-les-Bains and nature.
Salins Moutiers. brittle (brit'l) [M.E. Easily broken noting a
britel.l ,

bridge, i. A brace arrangement used in dentistry bacterial colony which

dry and friable.
is
for attaching one or more false teeth to the broach. A dental tool for removing the pulp of a
neighboring sound teeth. 2. The upper part tooth or enlarging the canal.
of the ridge of the nose formed by the nasal Broad'bent's ap'oplexy [Sir William Henry Broad-
bones. 3. One of the threads of protoplasm bent, London physician, 1835-1Q07.] Progress-
which pass from one cell to another, can'tilever ive cerebral hemorrhage, at first extraventricular
b., in dentistry, a b. which is fastened securely but gradually increasing until it breaks into the
by one end to a natural tooth or root, while the ventricle. B.'s law, lesions of the upper segment
other end rests unattached in the depression of a of the motor tract cause less marked paralysis of
tooth. the muscles which habitually produce .bilateral
bridge-work. The adjustment of an artificial movements than of those which more commonly
denture or a part of one by means of crowns. act independently of the opposite side- B.'s
 ; 3;

BROADBENT'S APOPLEXY 141 BROMOFORM

sign, a retraction of the thoracic wall, synchro- bro'mated. Mixed with bromine or any of its
nous with the action of the heart, visible espe- compounds.
cially on the left side posteriorly in the eleventh bromatog'raphy [G. hromaQirdmat-) food, +,

intercostal space; a sign of adherent pericardium. grapho, I write.] The study of or a treatise on
Bro'ca's angle [Paul Broca, Parisian anthropologist food and foodstuffs.
and surgeon, 1834-1880.] Basilar angle.* B.'s bro"matother'apy [G. broma {bromat-), food, -f-
apha'sia, loss, more or less complete, of the therapeia, treatment.] The dietetic treatment of
ability to read, write, speak, and imderstand the disease, alimentotherapy, dietotherapy.
spoken word. B.'s a'rea, area parolfactoria. bromatotox'icon [G. broma, food, 4- toxikon,
B.'s cap, pars triangularis, preoperculum. B.'s poison.] Any ptomaine or other poison formed
cen'ter, the supposed speech center, situated in in spoiled food.
the third left frontal convolution in righthanded bromatotox'in. A poisonous ptomaine formed in
persons, on the right side in lefthanded persons. spoiled or spoiling food.
B.'s convolu'tion, the third left frontal convolu- bromatotox'ism. Food-poisoning.
tion. B.'s fis'sure, the fissure surrounding B.'s bro'melin. A digestive ferment obtained from
convolution. B.'s for'mula, a fully developed pineapple-juice.
man (30 years old) should weigh as many brometh'yl. Ethyl hydrate, b.-for'min, bromalin.
kilograms as he is centimeters in height over bromethylene (bro-meth'il-en). Ethylene bromide,
and above one meter. B.'s pouch, pudendal sac* C^HjBrj, a colorless oily fiuid with a sweetish
B.'s space, the central, or cortical, portion of the burning taste and an odor like chloroform; has
rhinencephalon or olfactory lobe of the brain. been recommended for epilepsy in doses of ngi—
B.'s vis'ual plane, a plane drawn through the (0.06-0.2).
two axes of vision. bro'metone. Xanthone, acetone bromoform, C4H7-
Brocq's disease' (brolc) [Anne Jean Louis Brocq, OBrj, occurring in the form' of white crystals;
French dermatologist, *i8s6.] Parakeratosis nerve sedative and soporific in doses of gr. 2—10
psoriasiformis. (0.13-0.6).
Bro'die's ab'scess [Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, bromhidro'sis. Bromidrosis.
English surgeon, 1 783-1862.] Tuberculosis, with bro'mic. Relating to bromine, noting especially
suppuration, of the articular extremity of a bone an oxygen-containing acid which unites with '

originally applied to this condition in the head bases to form bromates.

of the tibia. B.'s bur'sa, a bursa beneath the bro'mide. A compound formed by the replacement
gastrocnemius medialis muscle. B.'s disease', of the hydrogen in hydrobroinic ,acid by a metal
(i) gelatinous degeneration of the synovial mem- or an organic radical. The bromides official ill
brane of the knee; (2) hysterical arthralgia; the U.S. P. are of ammonium, calcium, homatro-
(3) hysterical spinal neuralgia, simulating pine, hyoscyamine, lithium, potassium, quinine,
Pott's disease, following a trauma. scopolamine, sodium, arid strontium. See alsoi
Bro'die's lig'ament [J. Gordon Brodie, Edinburgh elixir trium bromidorum and syrupus bromidorum.
anatomist, 1786-1818.] The transverse humeral bromid'ia. Trade name of a preparation recom-
ligament, a fibrous band running more or less mended as an hypnotic and nerve sedative.
obliquely from the greater to the lesser tuberosity bromidrosipho'bia [bromidrosis + G. phobos, fear.]
of the htunerus, bridging over the bicipital groove. A morbid fear of giving forth a bad odor from the
Bioesike's fos'sa (bre'ze-keh) [Gustav Broesike, body, with sometimes the belief that such odor is
German anatomist, *i 8 5 3 .] Jejunal fossa, a recess present,
in the peritoneum in the mesentery of the upper bromidrosis (brom-i-dro'sis) [G. bromos, a stench, +
part of the jejiuium. hidros, perspiration.] Fetid or foul-smelling
bro'ken-wind. Heaves in horses. perspiration, bromhidrosis.
bio'kerage. In life-insurance, the percentage on the bro'mine. Bromum.
first premium, paid to the agent on commission.* Bromine-ar'senic Springs, N. C. Alkaline-saline
brom-, A prefix indicating the presence ot bromine waters, containing copper, zinc, arsenate of
in a compound. sodium, iodide and bromide of sodium, carbonate
tno'mal. A thick oily liquid prepared by passing of lithium, and sulphate of iron. Mild antacid,
bromine through absolute alcohol and distilling; alterative, and tonic.
hypnotic and antispasmodic in doses of gr. bro'minism. Bromism.
2-5 (0.12-0.3). b. hy'drate, a white crystalline bro'minol. A 33 per cent, solution of bromine in
powder with pungent taste, made by mixing sesame oil.

anhydrous bromal with water; hypnotic in doses bTo'mipin. Trade name of a 10 percent, solution of
of gr. i-s (0.06-0.3). bromine in sesame oil, recommended in epilepsy
bromal'bacid. Trade name of a compound con- and as a nerve sedative in dose of 3 1 (4'0)-
taining albumin and bromine; recommended as bro'mism. Chronic poisoning by bromine or any of
a nerve sedative. its salts ; the main symptoms are headache, men-
bromalbu'min. Trade name of a preparation or tal inertia, occasionally violent delirium, mus-
compound of bromine and albumin recommended
;
weakness, cardiac depression, an acneiform
ctilar

in the treatment of epilepsy. eruption, a foul breath, and anemia.

bro'malin. Bromethylformin, hexamethylenetet bromocaffeine (bro-mo-kaf'e-en). Trade name of a
raminebromethylate occurs in colorless scales;
;
preparation for the relief of headache.
employed as a nerve sedative and in epilepsy in bromochlo'ralum. A mixture of solutions of the
doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). bromide and of the chloride of aluminum '

broma'lium. Bromalin. disinfectant.

bromamide (bro'ma-mid). Tribromaniline hydro- bro'mocoU [bromum + G. kolla, glue.] Trade name
bromide, occurs in colorless, tasteless, acicular of a compound of bromine, tannin, and gelatin,
crystals; antipyretic, analgesic, antirheumatic, in dibromotannic glue; a yellowish brown powder
doses of gr. 7^10 (0.5-0.6). employed chiefly as a dusting powder.
bro'mate. Asalt of bromic acid combined with a bro'mofonn. Bromoformum. ac'etone b., brome-
tone.
base.
 ;

BRONCHOCEPHALITIS
BROMOFORMIN 142

Hexamethylene tetramine brom- bronchiocele (brong'ke-o-sel) [G. kele, tumor, herma.]

bro"mofor'mm.
ethylate, bromalin.* A circumscribed dilatation of a bronchus.
bronchiocrisis (brong-ke-o-kri'sis) [G. bronchia,
bromofor'inisin. Chronic bromof orm-poisoning Bronchial
bronchial tubes, -I- krisis, crisis.]
bromofonn-addictioii.
Bromoform, a sweetish, crisis.*
bromofor'mum (U.S.).
Bronchiolus; one of the
colorless, fragrant liquid; antispasmodic and bronchiole (brongTce-6l).
finer subdivisions of the bronchial
tubes, less than
sedative in doses of njji-5 (0.06-0.3).
I mm. in diameter, and
having no cartilage in its
bromog'raphy. Bromatography.
respi'ratory b., a bronchiole having lateral
bromohe'mol. A brown powder, a compound of wall,
hemol and bromine; employed in epilepsy in doses communications with the air-cells or alveoli, ter'-
of gr. IS (i.o). minal b., alveolar duct, the last division of an air-
bro"mohy"perhidro'sis, bro"mohy"peridro'sis [G. bro- opening into a number of culs-de-sac, the
tube
mos, a stench, + hyper, over, + hidrosis, sweat- infundibula or atria.

ing.] Excessive secretion of sweat of a fetid odor. bronchiolectasia, bronchiolectasJs (brong"ke-o-lek-

bro'mol. Tribromophenol, silky acicular crystals ta'zl-ah, brong-ke-o-lek'tas-is) [L. bronchiolus +
obtained by the action of bromine on phenol in G. ektasis, extension.] Capillary bronchiectasia;
solution; employed as an intestinal antiseptic in dilatation of the minute bronchial tubules, or
doses of gr. |-i (0.015-0.06). bronchioles.
bronchiolitis (brong-ke-o-li'(le')tis). Inflammation
bromoUth'ia. Trade name of a preparation recom-
mended for gout and rheumatism. of the smallest bronchial tubes; capillary bron-
bromoma'nia. Delirium caused by pqisoning with chitis, acute oblit'erating b., an acute form of
bromine or any of its salts. pulmonary cirrhosis due to fibrous induration
of the walls of the minute bronchioles, ex'uda-
bro"momenorrhe'a [G. brdmos, stench, + men,
month, -I- rhoia, flow.] An excessive flow of tive b., inflammation of the bronchioles, with
menstrual fluid with a bad odor. fibrinous exudation, vesic'ular b., broncho-
bromophe'nol. Bromol. pneumonia.
bromopnea, bromopnoea (brom-op-ne'ah) [G. bronchiolus (brong-ki'o-lus) [L. dim. of bronchus.]
brdmos, a stench, +pnoe, breath.] An offen- Bronchiole, one of the very small or of the ter^
sive breath. minal bronchial tubes.
bromopy'rine. Antipyrine monobromide, in white bronchiosteno'sis [G. stenosis, narrowing.] Narrow-
crystals soluble in alcohol; antipyretic in doses of ing of, the lumen of a bronchial tube.
gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). bronchitic (brong-kit'ik). Relating to bronchitis.
bromoselt'zer. Trade name of a preparation given bronchitis (brong-ki'(ke')tis). Inflammation of the
for headache. mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes, b.
bro'mosin. Bromalbumin. oblit'erans, obliterative b. cap'illaiy b., produc-
.bro'mum [G. brdmos a stench.] (N.F.) Bromine, a tive inflammation of the walls of the smaller
non-metallic, reddish, volatile, liquid element, bronchial tubes, combined usually with areas of
symbol Br, atomic weight 79.92; it unites with pulmonary consolidation and atelectasis; catar-
hydrogen to form hydrobromic acid, and this rhal pnevmaonia; lobular pneumonia; broncho-
unites with many metals to form bromides, some pneumonia, crou'pous b., fibrinous b. dry b.,
of which are employed in medicine. a form with scanty secretion, epidem'ic b.,
bro'mural. Monobrom-iso-valeryl-urea; a white bronchial influenza, fi'brinous b., inflammation
bitter powder, soluble in hot water, slightly so in of the bronchial mucous membrane, accom-
cold water; hypnotic and sedative in doses of panied by a fibrinous exudation which often
gr. 5-ro (0.3-0.6). forms a cast of the bronchial tree, hemor-
bro'muret. Bromide. rha'gic b., CasteHani's ^., bronchopulmonary
bronchadenitis (bronk-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. bronchia, spirochetosis, a form of chronic bronchitis,
bronchi, + aden, gland, + -itis.'] Inflammation attended with spitting of blood, believed to be
of the bronchial glands. due to the presence of Spirochceta bronckialis.
bronchi. Plural of bronchus. obliferative b., a, fibrinous b. in which the
bronchia (brong'ke-ah) [G. pi. of bronchion, dim. of exudate is not expectorated but becomes
bronchos, trachea.] The bronchial tubes. organized, obliterating the affected portion
bronchial (brong'ke-al). Relating to the bronchial of the bronchial tubes, plas'tlc b., fibrinous b.
tubes, b. breath'ing, a blowing sound heard on pu'trid b., b. accompanied by an expectoration
auscultation over an area of consolidated lung of foul-smelling material, ver'minous b., a
tissue through which bronchial tubes of fairly disease of domestic animals caused by nematode
large size pass. b. glands, lymphatic glands worms in the trachea and bronchi; it is often
around the bronchi at the root of a lung. b. tubes, followed by catarrhal pneumonia and verminous
bronchia, the smaller divisions of the bronchi. phthisis, and is especially common in rainy
b. voice, bronchophony. years, vesic'ular b., capillary b. with extension
bronchiarctia (brong-ke-ark'shyah) [G. bronchia + of the inflammation to the pulmonary alveoli;
L. arctare, to compress.] Bronchiostenosis. lobular pneumonia.
bronchiectasia (brong-ke-ek-ta'zl-ah) [G. bronkos, bronchium, pi. bronchia (brong'ke-um) [L.; G.
windpipe, -I- ektasis, extension.] Dilatation of bronchion.'] A bronchial tube
a bronchus or of the bronchial tubes, cap'il- bronchoalTeolar (brong-ko-al-ve'o-lar) Broncho-
lary b., bronchiolectasia. cylindrical b., a general vesicular.
symmetrical dilatation of a bronchus or bronchial bronchocavemous (brong"ko-kav'er-nus). Relat-
tube, sacc'ulated b., an irregular dilatation ing to a bronchus or bronchial tube and a pul-
occurring in pockets of varying size and shape. monary cavity.
bronchiectasic (brong-ke-ek-tas'ik). Relating to bronchocele (brong'ko-sel) [G. bronchos, windpipe,
bronchiectasia. -I- kele, tumor.] Goiter, especially cystic goiter.
bronchiectasis (brong-ke-ek'ta-sis). Bronchiectasia. bronchocephalitis (brong-ko-sef-al-i'(e')tis) [G.
bronchiloquy (brong-kil'o-kwe) [bronchus + L. bronchos, bronchus, +
kephale, head, -itis^ +
loqui, to speak.] Bronchophony. Whooping-cough.
 ..

BROJN CHOCONSTRICTION 143 BROWN-SEQUARD'S PILL

brunchoconstriction (brong-ko-kon-strik'shiui) bronchotome (brong'ko-tom) [G. bronchos, bronchus,
Bronchostenosis. -I- tome, a cutting.] An instrument for incising
bionchoconstrictor (brong-ko-kon-strik'tor). 1. the trachea or a bronchus.
Causing a reduction in caliber of a bronchus or bronchotomy (brong-kot'o-mJ). Incision of the
bronchial tube. 2. An agent which possesses trachea or of a bronchus.
this power. bronchotracheal (brong-ko-tra'ke-al). Relating to
bronchodilatatioii (brong-ko-di-la-ta'shtm). Bron- the trachea and bronchi.
chiectasia. bronchotyphoid (brong-ko-ti'f oy d) . Typhoid fever
bronchodilatoT (brong-ko-di-la'tor). i. Causing an in -which a violent bronchitis marks the initial
increase in caliber of a bronchus or bronchial tube. stage.
2. An agent which possesses this power. bronchovesiculai (brong-ko-ves-ik'u-lar). Relating
bronchoegophony, bronchoffigophony (brong-ko-e- to the bronchial tubes and air-vesicles in the
gof'o-nl). An accentuated or exaggerated egoph- limgs.
ony. bronchus, pi. bronchi (brong'kus) [G. bronchos,
broncholith (brongTio-lith) [G. bronchos, bronchus, windpipe.] One of the two branche? given off
+ lithos, stone.] Bronchial calculus, a hard con- from the trachea at its bifurcation, one going
cretion in a bronchus or bronchial tube. to each lung; in structure the bronchi resemble
bronchomoniliasis (brong-ko-mon-il-i'a-sis]. In- the trachea, eparte'rial b., the first collateral
fection of the bronchial mucous membrane with a branch of the right bronchus, which passes above
species of Monilia. the right pulmonary artery, hyparte'rial b.,
bTonchomotor (brong-ko-mo'tor). i. Causing a the left bronchus, and the right bronchus below
change in caliber, dilatation or contraction, of a its first collateral branch, which are placed below
bronchus or bronchial tube. a. An agent which the left[;and the right pulmonary arteries respec-
possesses this power. tively.
bronchomycosis (brong-ko-mi-ko'sis) [G. bronchos, bronzed. Of a brownish or coppery color, b.
bronchus, + mykes, fungus.] Any fungous or diabe'tes, see under diabetes, b. disease', Addi-
microbic disease of the bronchial tubes or son's* disease, b. skin, the dark skin in Addi
bronchi. son's* disease.
broncho-oidiosis Cbrong"ko-o-id-J-o'sis). A bron- broom. Scoparius.
chitis, prevalent in Ceylon, simulating tuberculosis, brossage (bro-sazh') [Fr. brushing.] Scraping with
caused by the presence of Oidium iropicale. a stiff brush to remove granulations, as in tra-
bronchopathy (brong-kop'S-thJ) [G. bronchos, bron- ;
choma, or to excite adhesive inflammation, as in
chus, +
pathos, suffering.] Any bronchial disease. Talma's operation.
bronchophony (brong-kof'o-nl). Exaggerated vo- Brossard's type (bro-sar'). Eichhorst's type.
cal resonance heard over a bronchus surrounded broussaisism (broo^sa'izm) [Franfois Joseph Victor
by consolidated lung tissue. Broussais, Parisian physician, 1772-1838.] The
bronchoplasty (brong'ko-plas-tt) [G. bronchos, wind- doctrine that living matter possesses the sole
pipe, +
plasso, I form.] The surgical repair of property of contractility which is excited by
any defect in the trachea or one of the bronchi. physical agents which produce irritation or
bronchoplegia (brong-ko-ple'ji-ah) [G. bronchos, action, and abirritation or quiet. The irritation,
bronchus, +
plege, a stroke.] Paralysis of the or cause of all disease, proceeds from inflamma-
muscular fibers in the walls of the trachea and tion of the gastroenteric tract, and consequently
bronchi. the treatment of all disease is directed to the
bronchopneumonia (brong"ko-nu-mo'iil-ah {bronch- cure of the causative gastroenteritis.
itis +pneumonia.l A productive inflamma- bro'valol. Trade name of the brom-isovaleric-acid
tion of the walls of the smaller bronchial tubes ester of bomeol, said to contain 25 2 per cent,
.

combined with areas of atelectasis corresponding bromine; a colorless oily liquid, recommended as
to some of the affected bronchi, and usually an antispasmodic and nervine in doses of gr.
also with irregular areas of consolidation not 4—12 (0.26—0.8).
necessarily corresponding to the involved bron- brow [A.S. bru.] i. The superciliary ridge. 2. The
chial tubes; catarrhal pneumonia, lobular pneu- eyebrow. 3. The forehead, b. ache, b. a'gue, b.
monia, capillary bronchitis, vesicular bronchi- pang, supraorbital neuralgia, migraine.
olitis. brown [A.S. briin.] A dusky yellowish-red color.
bronchopneumonitis (brong"ko-nu-mo-m'(ne')tis) Bis'marck b., an aniline dye used for staining
Bronchopneumonia. histological sections, b. at'rophy, see atrophy.

bronchopulmonary (brong-ko-pul'mo-na-il). Relat- Brown's test. Gardiner- Brown's test.

ing to the bronchial tubes and the lungs. Brown's Wells, Mississippi. Sulphated-saline, acid-
bronchorrhagia (brong-ko-ra'jl-ah) [G. bronchos, chalybeate waters. Rheumatism, gout, hepatic
bronchus, + -rhagia.] Hemoptysis. and renal disorders, disturbances of the alimen-
bronchorrhea, bronchorrhoea (brong-ko-re'ah) [G. tary tract, and anemia.
bronchos, windpipe, + rhoia, a. flow.] Excessive Browne's sign. Crichton- Browne's sign.
secretion from the bronchial mucous membrane. Brown'ian move'ments [Robert Brown, English
bronchoscope (brong'ko-sk5p) [G. bronchos, wind- botanist, 1773-1858.] Rapid oscillations of

pipe, -1- skopeo. I view.] An instrument for minute particles suspended in certain fliiids;

use in inspecting the interior of the bronchi brunonian movements.

for the detection and removal of foreign bodies; Brownian-Zsigmondy movements (brow'nif-an

it maybe passed through the mouth and larynx sig-mun'de moov'ments) [Robert Brown; R.
or directly through a tracheotomy opefaing. Zsigmondy.] Brownian* movements.
(brong-kos'ko-pl) Inspection of Brown'ing's phenom'enon. Therapia sterilisans
bronchoscopy
divergens.
the interior of a bronchus.
bronchospasm (brong'ko-spazm). Spasmodic nar- brown'ism. Brunonianism.
Brown-Sfiquard's antineural'gic pill (bron-sa-kar')
rowing of the lumen of a bronchus.
Stenosis or [Charles Edouard Brown-SSquard, French physi-
bronchostenosis (brong-ko-sten-o'sis) .

narrowing of the caliber of a bronchus. ologist and neurologist, 18 17-1894.] (N.F.)

 ,

BROWN-SfiQUARD'S PILL 144 BRYANT'S AMPULLA

Extract of hyoscyamus and extract of conium bruit (brii-e') [Fr.] An auscultatory sound, espe-
each gr. J (0.045), extract of ignatia and ex- cially an abnormal one. b. d'stirain (da-ran')
tract of opium each gr. i (0.03), extract of [Fr. brassy], a metallic tinkling sound heard over
aconite leaves (U.S. 1870) gr. i (0.02), extract a pulmonary cavity, b. de clapotement (de-klS-
of Indian cannabis gr. i (0.015), extract of put-moh'), the splashing sound elicited by suc-
stramonium gr. | (0.013), extract of bella- cussion of a dilated stomach, b. de claque-
donna leaves gr. J (o.oi). B.-S.'s ep'ilepsy, con- ment (de-klak-moh'), a slapping sound, b.
vulsions of epileptiform character following de craquement (de-krak-mon'), crepitant rile.
experimental lesions of the spinal cord in animals. b. de cuir neuf (de-kwer-nef) [of new leather], a

B.-S.'s injec'tions, injections of testicular ex- creaking rdle like the sound produced by bending
tract for senile debility. B.-S.'s paral'ysis, a a piece of stiff leather, b. de diable (de-de-abl')

reflex flaccid paraplegia occurring in the course [Fr. humming-top], a buzzing or humming hemic
of some affections of the urinary tract. B.-S.'s murmur, b. de drapeau (de-drJ-po') [Fr. flag],
syn'droin^, hemiparaplegia and hyperesthesia, a flapping sound produced by a polypuS-like
but with preservation of the muscular sensation, growth in an air-tube. b. de frottement (de-
on the side of the lesion, and hemianesthesia of frut-mon') a friction rdle. b. de galop (de-gS-lo')
,

the opposite side, in case of a unilateral com- cantering rhythm.* de grelot (de-grel-o') [Fi*.
pression of the spinal cord. sleighbell], a bell-like sound caused by the pres-
brown-tail moth. Euproctis chrysorrhasa, the cater- sure of a foreign body in a dilated bronchial tube.
pillar of which causes a more or less severe b. de moulin (de-moo-lah') [Fr. mill], a splashing
dermatitis on contact with the sHn, the injury sound like that of a water-wheel, b. de parchemin
being due to penetration by the barbed nettling (de-parsh-man'),afriction soundlike that made by
hairs. rubbing together two pieces of parchment, b. de
Bruce's septice'mia [David Bruce, British Army pluie (de-plii-e') [Fr. rain], the sound made by air
surgeon, contemporary.] Malta* fever. entering the t3^mpanum, as heard by the examiner
Bruch's glands (brookh) [Carl Wilhelm Ludwig auscultating the external auditory canal during
Bruch, German histologist, 1819-1884.] Tra- politzerization, p. de pot fS16 (de-po-fa-la'),
choma glands, lymphoid glands in the palpe- cracked-pot sound, b. de scie (de-se'), a sawing
bral conjunctiva. B.'s mem'brane, Henle's sound, b. de soufflet (de-soo-fla'), a bellows mur-
membrane, lamina* basalis. mur, b. de tabourka' [Algerian, a native
bru'cine. An alkaloid from Sirychnos nux vomica drum], a clanging, drum-like second sound of the
and S. ignatia, resembling strychnine in its prop- heart, b. placentaire (pl3,-son-tair') placental
,

erties, but less poisonous; tonic in doses of gr. murmur.

^V-i (0.005-0.03). Brunn's mem'brane (broon) [Albert von Brunn,
Bnick's disease' (brook). A disease marked by German anatomist, 1849-1895.] Hyaline mem-
fragilitas ossium, ankylosis of the joints, and brane or the epithelium of the olfactory region of
muscular atrophy. the nose. B.'s nests, groups of epithelial cells, of
Bruck's test (brook) [C. Bruck, German physician, unknown function, found in the walls of the male
contemporary.] Precipitation test, syphilitic urethra.
serochemical reaction; a nitric acid precipitate Brunner's glands (broo'ner) [Johann Conrad Brun-
in syphilitic serum dissolves more slowly on ner, Swiss anatomist, 1653-1727.] Duodenal
neutralization with an alkali than does such pre- glands; see under glandula.
cipitate in normal serum. Bruno'nian move'ments. Brownian* movements.
Brudzin'ski's sign [J Brudzinski, Polish physician, B. system, brunonianism.
1874— 1917.] I. Contralateral reflex; when the bruno'nianism [John Brown, Scotch physician,
thigh in a child is forcibly flexed against the 1735-1788.] A theory something like that of
—
abdomen there is a movement sometimes of Broussais, that all disease is due to excessive or
extension, sometimes of flexion — at the opposite deficient stimulation.
hip the sign is present in certain nervous diseases
; Bruns's disease' [John Dickson Bruns, American
and neuropathic states in children, but its exact physician, 1836-1883.] Pneumonopaludism.
significance is not yet determined, nor is it known Bruns's sign (broons) [Ludwig Brwnj, German neurol-
in what conditions flexion and in what extension ogist, 1858-1916.] Intermittent headache, ver-
of the thigh occurs. 2. Neck sign; if the neck is tigo, and vomiting, especially excited by sudden
passively bent forward, flexion of the thighs and movements of the head, occurring in cases of
legs occurs; noted by Brudzinski in meningitis. tumor of the fourth ventricle of the brain.
Bruecke's muscle (briik'eh) [Ernst v. Bruecke, brush [A.S. byrst, bristle.] i. An instrument made
Viennese physiologist, 1819-1892.] i. Longi- of some flexible material, such as bristles, attached
tudinal fibers of the musculus* ciliaris, fibr£e to a handle. 2. A cone-shaped bluish light pro-
meridionales [BNA]. 2. The muscular fibers in duced by the discharge of static electricity from
the intestinal villi. B.'s pep'tone, an albumose a point or small knob. 3. To use a brush for any
excreted in the urine. B.'s tu'nic, the retina, purpose.
exclusive of the layer of rods and cones. brush'ing. In horses, striking the fetlock by the
Brueckenau, Bavaria (briik'en-ow). Ferruginous- opposite foot, sometimes causing a contusion only
carbonated waters. Cold. Three springs. Used but more often scratching or abrading the sur-
by drinking and bathing in uremia, pulmonary face; interfering.
affections, dyspepsia, women's diseases, and Bry'ant's ampul'la [Sir Thomas Bryant, English
cutaneous diseases. May 15 to October i. surgeon, 1828-1914.] The portion of an
Bruenninghausen's meth'od (brti'ning-how-zen) artery on the proximal side of a ligature, which
[Hermann Joseph Bruenninghausen, German contains the clot, its upper boundary being
physician, 1761-1834.] The induction of pre- marked by a slight constriction. B.'s line, the
mature labor by dilatation of the cervix see Kluge,
; base of B. 's triangle toward which the trochanter
Bruhl's disease' (brool). Splenic anemia with fever. moves in fracture of the neck of the femur. B.'s
bruissement (brii-Ss-mon') [Fr.] A purring ausculta- tri'angle, a line (a) is drawn round the body at the
tory sound. level of the anterior superior iliac spines; from
BRYANT'S AMPULLA I4S BUDDE PROCESS
this line another (b) is drawn perpendicular to it cavity beginning by decay on the buccal surface
to the great trochanter of the femur, and the of a tooth, b. sur'face, facies buccalis [BNA],
triangle is completed by a line (c) drawn from the the surface of a premolar or molar tooth which
trochanter to the iliac spine; upward displace- looks toward the cheek.
ment of the trochanter, in fracture of the neck of buccilingual (buk"sl-ling'gwal). Buccolingual.
the femur, is measured along Hue b. buc'cinator [L. buccinator, trumpeter.] The muscle
Bryce's test [James Bryce, Scotch physician, nine- of the cheek; see luider musculus.
teenth century.] A second vaccination is made on buccocerrical (buVo-siu^'vi-kal) [L. bucca, cheek, +
the fifth or sixth day with lymph from the vesicles cervix, neck.] Relating to the cheek and the neck.
resulting from the first vaccination if the lesions
; buccogingival (buk"o-jin'ji-val). Relating to the
of the second inoculation overtake those of the cheek and the gum. b. ridge, see ridge.
first, so that the scabbing of the two occurs buccola'bial [L. bucca, cheek, + labium, lip.]
simultaneously, the vaccination has been suc- Relating to both cheek and lip.
cessful. buccolin'gual (buk"o-ling'gwal) [L. bucca, cheek, -I-
bryonia bri-o'ni-ah) [G. bryone.] (N.F.) The lingua, tongue.] Relating to both cheek and
dried root of Bryonia alba or B. dioica, vines tongue, b. diam'eter, the diameter of the crown
of the family Cucurbitacem, employed in dyspep- of a tooth measured from the buccal to the lingual
sia, constipation, and pleurisy, in doses of gr. surfaces, b, plane, axio-buccolingual plane.
S-20 (0.3-1.3); of the N.P. tincture the dose is buccophsiryngeal (buk"o-far;in'je-al). Relating to
5i (40). both cheek or mouth and pharynx.
bry'onin, Aglucoside from bryonia; hydragogue buc'cula [L. dim. of bucca, cheek.] A fatty puffing
cathartic in doses of gr. ^—2 (0.015-0. 13). under the chin, double chin.
biy'ony. Bryonia. Buchner's bodies (bookh'ner) [H. Buchner, Ger-
Bry'son's sign [Alexander Bryson, English physician, man bacteriologist, *l8so.] Defensive pro-
1802—1860.] Diminished inspiratory enlargement teins. B.'s experiment, an experiment leading
of the thorax in exophthalmic goiter. to the discovery of endotoxins or intracellular
bubas (boo'bahs). Boubas, yaws.* b. brazilia'- enzymes; B. found that the medium in which
na, espundia. the yeast plant is grown contains a ferment
bubble (bub'l).An auscultatory sound as of a burst- which will invert glucose but will not 'convert it
ing bubble, amphor'ic b., an auscultatory sound into alcohol; this is effected by the action of
resembling the gurgle of liquid escaping from a another ferment obtained only by expression of
bottle. ' the body juices of the yeast plant by hydraulic
bu'bo [G. bonbon, a swelling in the groin.] An pressure. B.'s tuber'culin, see under tuberculin.
enlargement, usually going on to suppurative buchu (bu'ku)„ (U.S. and Br.) The dried leaves of
inflammation, of a lymphatic gland, especially one Barosma betulina, order RutacecB, a shrub growing
in the groin or axilla. buU'et b., a hard, painless in South Africa; carminative, diuretic, and urin-
swelling of a gland in the groin, accompanying a ary antiseptic dose, 3 1-4 (4.0-15.0) in infusion.
;

chancre, chancroid'al b., an ulcerating b., due The fluidextract is official in U.S.; dose, 3 i-'
to the action of the virus of chancroid, climat'ic (a. 0-4.0).
b., pestis minor, a disease of the tropics and sub- Buchwald's at'rophy (bookh'vahlt) . Progressive
tropics, characterized by non- venereal inflamma- atrophy of the skin.
tory enlargement of the inguinal glands going on Buck's exten'sion [Gurdon Buck, New York surgeon,
to suppiiration, acconxpanied by some rise of tem- 1807— 1877.] An apparatus for making exten-
perature, physical weakness, and depression of sion on the leg, in fracture of the thigh, by means
spirits, in'dolent b., an indurated enlargement of a weight attached to a cord running over a
of an inguinal gland, unaccompanied by marked pulley, the cord being fastened to the leg by
pain or fever, mala'rial b., climatic b. non- broad bands of adhesive plaster. B.'s fas'cia, a
vene'real b., climatic b. parot'id b., a swelling of fascial sheath of the penis, derived from the
the parotid gland due to secondary septic infec- superficial perineal fascia.
tion, pri'mary b., one which occurs as the first buck^bean, Menyanthes.
sign of venereal infection, trop'ical b., climatic b. bucked-shins. Albuminous periostitis of the meta-
bubonal'gia [G. boubon, groin, + algos, pain.] Pain carpal bones in young horses, caused by the
in the groin. violent concussion resulting from severe training
bubon'ic. Relating in any way to a bubo. b. on a hard track.
plague, the most common form of the plague,* buck'eye. Hippocastanum,* horsechestnut
characterized by the occurrence of buboes in the buck'thom. Frangula.
groin or axilla. bucne'mia [G. bous, ox, + kneme, leg.] Any large
bubonocele (bu-bon'o-sel, bu-bon-o-se'le) [G. bou- tense swelling of the leg.
bon, groin, +kele, tumor.] Inguinal hernia Budapest, Hungary (boo-dah-pesf). Saline-sul-
especially one in which the knuckle of intestine phureted waters, warm. Used by drinking and
has not yet emerged from the external abdominal bathing in rheumatism, gout, intestinal and skin
diseases. See St. LMcasbad and Kristaly.
ling.
bubon'ulus [L. dim. of i«6o.] i. An abscess occur- Budd's cirrho'sis [William Budd, Enghsh physician,
1811-1880.] Chronic enlargement of the liver,
ring along the course of a lymphatic vessel. 2.
^

One of a number of hard nodules, often breaking without jaundice, due to intestinal intoxication.
B.'s jaun'dice, acute yellow atrophy of the liver.
down into ulcers, which form along the course of
acutely inflamed lymphatic vessels of the dorsum Budde process (bood'deh pros'es) [E. Budde, Danish
chemical engineer, contemporary.] A method
of the penis; Nisbet's chancre.
of sterilization of milk. To the fresh milk perox-
bucardia (boo-kar'di-ah) [G. bous, ox, + kardia,
Extreme hypertrophy of the heart, cor ide of hydrogen is added in proportion of 15 c.c.
heart.]
of a 3 per cent, solution to one liter of milk, and
bovinum.
the mixture is heated to 51° or 52° C. (124° P.)
buc'ca, gen. and pi. buc'cce [L.] The cheek, mala.
2. Oral. b. for three hours by this time the peroxide is de-
;

bucc'al. I. Relating to the cheek.

a composed and the nascent oxygen acts as an
cav'ity, (i) vestibulum oris; (2) in dentistry,
 BULBITIS
BUDDE PROCESS 146

efficient germicide; the milk is now rapidly cooled and sometimes the voluntary muscles; Winckel's
disease. B.'s pneumo'nia, caseous pneumonia.
and put into sealed bottles.
To treat by the Budde Buist's meth'od [Robert Cochrane Buist, Scotch
buddelse (bood'de-ize).
obstetrician, *i86o.] For the resuscitation of an
process.
bud'ding. Gemmation.
infant bom
asphsrxiated the child is simply
:

A
mode of reproduc- transferred from one hand of the accoucheur
bud-fission (bud'iish-un) .

to the other alternately, being held supine on

tion in certain rhizopods in which half of the
protoplasm protrudes and forms a new envelope, one hand, prone on the other, thus causing alter-
nate inspiration and expiration.
thus separating from the rest of the protoplasm
which retains its old covering.
Budge's cen'ter (bood'ga) [Julius Ludwig Budge,
German physiologist, 1811-1888.] Ciliospinal
center.
Buelau's meth'od (bu'low) [Gotthard Buelau, Ger-
man surgeon, 1835— 1900.] Treatment of em-
pyema by sjrphon drainage.
Bue'na Vls'ta Springs, Kentucky. Alkaline-saline-
oarbonated-sulphureted waters. Two springs.
Rheumatism, hepatic disorders, cutaneous dis-
eases, anemia, and general debility.
Buerger's disease' (bur'ger) [Leo Buerger, New
York pathologist, *i879.] Thromboangiitis
obhterans. B.'s meth'od, for staining the
capsules of bacteria: the smear is fixed in
Mueller'sfluid, washed in water, then alcohol, and
covered with tincture of iodine for from i to 3
minutes; it is then again washed in alcohol,
dried, stained for 2 to s seconds in aniline-water
gentian-violet, and finally washed in 2 per cent,
salt solution.
btifagin (boo'fa-jin). A
substance, CjHjjOj, hav-
ing properties similar to those of digitalis, con-
tained in the secretion of the poison glands of a
tropical toad, Bufo agua, and probably in that of
the skin glands of other species of toads.
Bufi'alo Lith'ia Springs, Virginia. Alkaline-carbon-
ated-aluminous-lithic-calcic waters. Three springs.
Used by d inking and bathing in rheumatism,
gout, renal a d cystic calculus, nervous and
gastrointestinal disorders. June i; to October i.
buffer (buf 'ur) . [Translation through the German
(buffer or puffer) of the French word tampon,
used by Sorensen in his articles (written in
French) on this subject.] A
term applied to the Buist's Method in Asphyxia of the Newborn.
potential alkalinity of the blood, as determined
by the amount of carbon dioxide it will take up, bulb [L. bulbus, a bulbous root.] 1. An under-
which acts as an intermediary between a ground leaf-bud in which the leaves are super-
tendency to acidosis and the normal alkalin- imposed on each other to form a rounded mass.
ity, b. salts, certain substances, such as 2. Any globular or fusiform structure. 3.
monacid and diacid sodium phosphates and Medulla oblongata, aor'tic b.the first of the
sodium bicarbonate, contained in the blood, four dilatations of the primitive heart in the
which tend to fix any slight excess of acid or embryo, arte'rial b., aortic b. b. of the cor'pus
alkali, acting therefore as a "tampon" to absorb cavemo'sum, bulbus* urethrse. b. of the eye,
the excess of such acid or alkali; or it may be eyeball, globe of the eye. b. of the ure'thra,
conceived to act as a "buffer" to ease the shock bulbus* urethras, b. of the ves'tibule, bulbus*
which such excesss would otherwise cause, b. vestibuli, den'tal b., the papilla, derived from
value of the blood, the ability of the blood to the mesoblast, which forms the germ of the tooth.
care for acid-alkali fluctuations without dis- end-b., one of the oval or rounded bodies in which
turbance of the hydrogen-ion concentration. the sensory nerve fibers terminate in mucous
buf fy coat. Crusta infiammatoria, crusta phlogis- membrane, hair-b., bulbus* pili. ju'gular b.,
tioa; the upper, lighter portion of the blood-clot, bulbus* vense jugularis. olfac'tory b., bulbus*
occurring wiien coagulation is delayed so that olfactorius. rachid'ian b., medulla oblongata.
the red corpuscles have had time to settle a taste-b., one of the bulbous bodies in the papil-
little. lae of the tongue in which the gustatory nerves
Bu'fo [L. toad.] A genus of animals which em- terminate.
braces the toads. B. a'gua, a tropical toad, the bul'bar. i. Relating to a bulb, or of bulb shape.
source of bufagin. 2
. Relating to the medulla oblongata.
buggery (bug'er-I) [O.F. bougre, heretic] Besti- bul'biform [L. bulbus, bulb, + forma, shape.]
ality, sodomy. Bulb-shaped.
bug'wort [M. E. wort, from A. S. wyrt, a plant.] bul'bil. A deciduous bud in the axil of a leaf,
Cimicifuga. capable of propagating its kind like a bulb.
Buhl's disease' (bool) [Ludwig von Buhl, German bulbitis (bul-bi'(be')tis) [L. bulbus urethrae H- -itis.]
physician, 1816-1880.] Acute fatty degeneration Inflammation of the bulbous portion of the
of the newborn, affecting the heart, kidneys, liver. urethra.
BULBLET 147 BUNSEN BURNER
bulb'let. A small bulb, bulbU. Bumke's pu'pil (boom'keh) [Oswald Conrad Edward
bul"bocavemo'sus. Musculus* bulbocavemosus. Bumke, German neurologist, *i877.] Dilatation
bulboid (bul'boyd) [G. bolbos, bulb, + eidos, of the pupil in response to psychic stimuli; it is
resemblance.] Bulbiform, bulb-shaped. absent in dementia praecox.
bulbonuclear (bul-bo-nu'kle-ar). Relating to the bunch. A
swelling on the bone, in a horse, due to
nuclei in the medulla oblongata.' trauma.
bulbourethral (bul"bo-u-re'thral). Relating to the
bun'dle. A structure composed of a group of
bulbus urethrae. fibers,muscular or nervous a fasciculus, aberr'-
;

ant b., a nerve tract in the isthmus of the forni-

bul'bous. Of bulb shape.
cate gyrus, ante'rior ground b., ground b. of
bol'bus, gen. and pi. bul'bi [L.] Bulb. b. aor'tse, the ventral column of the cord, consisting of
the anterior of the four dilatations of the primi-
association axones connecting various levels of
tive tubular heart, from which are formed the
the cord, ante'rior mar'ginal b., Marchi's*
beginnings of the aorta and pulmonary artery.
bundle, atrioventric'ular b., auriculoventric'u-
b. cor'nu posterior'is, bulb of the posterior horn
lar b., a small bundle of fibers, remaips of the
of the lateral ventricle of the brain, a curved
primitive cardiac tissue, passing from the right
elevation on the inner wall of the posterior horn
atrium (auricle) of the heart to the ventricular
produced by the fibers of the forceps major of
musculature and septum; His's band or bundle,
the corpus callosum as they bend backward into
Kent-His bundle, Gaskell's bridge, ground b., a
the occipital lobe. b. den'tis, tooth-pulp, collection of association axones in the spinal cord,
pulpa dentis. b. oc'uli, eyeball, globe of the fasciculus proprius. ground b., fasciculus
lat'eral
eye. b. olfacto'rius, olfactory bulb, the grayish
lateralis proprius [BNA]. poste'rior longitu'dinal
expanded anterior extremity of the olfactory b., fasciculus longitudinalis medialis [BNA].
tract, lying on the cribriform plate of the eth-
lespi'ratory b., tractus solitarius [BNA]. root
moid and receiving the olfactory nerves, b. b., filum radiculare. sinoa'trial b., a bundle
pi'li, hair bulb, the lower expanded extremity of
of muscular fibers between thevenas cavee in the
the hair which fits like a cap over the papilla pili
wall of the atrium of the heart,' which is believed
at the bottom of the hair follicle, b. ure'thrse, to be the path of conduction of the impulse for
the posterior expansion of the corpus cavemosum the atrial contraction; Keith's bundle, sol'-
tu'ethrae (corpus spongiosum) lying between itary b., tractus solitarius. vas'cular b., in
the crura or diverging corpora cavernosa penis. botany, a sheath of vascular tissue traversing
b. ve'nae jugula'ris, bulb of the jugular vein;
other tissues, enclosed in a layer of cells forming
the superior is a dilatation at the beginning the bundle-sheath.
of the internal jugular vein in the jugular bundle-sheath (bun'dl-sheth). In botany, a layer
fossa 0/ the temporal bone; the inferior bulb of cells surrounding a vascular bundle.
is a dilated portion of the vein just before it
Bunge's the'ory (boong'eh) [Gustav v. Bunge,
reaches the anonyma. b. vestib'uli, a mass of Swiss physiologist, *i844.] There is a causal
erectile tissue on either side of the vagina united relation between alcoholism in the father and
in front by a slender portion, the pars inter- inability of the daughter to suckle her infant.
media. Biinge-Trantenroth method (boong'eh-trahn'ten-
bule'sis [G. boulesis, a willing.] The will; a willing. rot) [R. Biinge, German physician, contemporary;
bulimia (boo-lim'I-ah). Boulimia. A. Trantenroth, German physician, contemporary.]
bulim'ic. Relating to bulimia. For differentiating the
Bull's se'rum [Carroll Gideon Bull, American phy- tubercle and smegma HMO.
C+poie
sician, *i883.] Gas-bacillus antitoxin, employed bacilli: wash with alco-
in cases of infection with Bacillus aerogenes hol, treat with chromic
welchii. acid, stain with hot
bul'la [L. bubble.] A bleb, blister; a circumscribed carbol-fuchsin, decolorize
area of separation of the epidermis, due to the with 16 per cent, sul-
presence of a clear non-purulent fluid, b. phuric acid, counterstain
ethmoida'lis, ethmoidal bulla; a bulging of the with alcoholic methylene
inner wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth in the blue, and wash in water;
middle meatus of the nose, just below the middle the tubercle bacillus is
turbinated bone it is regarded as a rudimentary
; stained red, the smegma Bunsen Element.
turbinal. bacillus is decolorized.
bul'late. Vesiculate, resembling a bulla or blister. bungpagga (bung-pag'gah) [a native Lobi word.]
buUa'tion, i. The formation of bullje. 2. A An acute disease, occurring in West Africa,
swelling or inflation. marked by rather high fever and the formation
buU'dog head. The broad head with high vault of painful egg-sized tumors in the muscles which
occurring in achondroplasia. later suppurate; the mortality is high.
Bul'ler's shield. A watchglass attached to the bunion (bun'yun). An inflammatory swelling of
center of a square of adhesive plaster, used to the bursa over the metatarsophalangeal joint of
protect the unaffected eye in cases of purulent the great toe.
ophthalmia. bu'nodont [G. bounos, mound, + odous(odoni-),
buHet. The fetlock of a horse. tooth.] Having molar teeth with rounded or
bull'ock's liv'er crust. The reddish-brown crust on conical cusps; opposed to lophodont.
a scorbutic ulcer. Bun'sen bum'er [Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, German
bul'lous. Relating to, of the nature of, or marked chemist and physicist, 1811-1899.] A gas burner
by, bullffi. supplied with lateral openings admitting so
bulpiss [Mosq. Ind. buluy, spotted, +
(bool'pes) much air that the carbon is completely burned
piss, gray.] A
contagious skin disease endemic giving a very hot but only slightly luminous
in Nicaragua, marked by a papular eruption flame. B. el'ement, one of the elements of a
followed by patches of a dirty white or greasy galvanic battery consisting of carbon in water
black color. acidulated with nitric acid, and zinc in sulphuric
 BUNSEN BURNER 148 BUTTERWEED

acid water, the two solutions being separated by bur'sa, pi. bursce [L. a purse.]A closed sac or
pouch containing found, or formed as a
fluid,
a partition of porous material.
-uphthal'mia. Buphthalmos. result of pressure, over an exposed and promi-
buphthalmos, buphthalmus (boof-thal'mus) [G. nent part, or where a tendon plays over a bone.
bous, ox, + Congenital
ophihalmos,
eye.] b. anseri'na, separates the broad tendinous sur-
glaucoma, keratoglobus; an
hydrophthalmos, face of the pes anserinus from the tubercle of the
affection of infancy, marked by an increase of tibia, b. muco'sa [BNA], b. synovialis, a pouch,
intraocular fluid with enlargement of the eye- containing a viscid fluid, covering and protecting
ball. exposed bony surfaces, or interposed between a
bur. I. The lobe
of the ear. i. A small disc or tendon and a bone over which it plays; many
bulb revolve rapidly, used by dentists to
made to of these are permanent structures and receive
remove tartar frona the teeth; also one with various names, gluteal, plantar, prepatellar, etc.,
cutting lines, used for excavating cavities in the to indicate their location, b. omenta'lis [BNA],

teeth. 3. Burdock, lappa.* the lesser peritoneal sac, clothing the posterior
Burckhardt's cor'puscles (boork'hart) Small yel-
.
surface of the stomach, quadrate and caudate
lowish granules in the secretion in trachoma. lobes of the liver, upper surface of the pancreas,
Burdach's col'ijnm or tract (boor'dakh) [Karl and part of the spleen and transverse colon,
Friedrioh Burdach, German physiologist, 1776- b. synovia'lis, b. mucosa.
1847.] Fasciculus cuneatus [BNA]. B.'s fl'bers, bur'ssj. Relating to a bursa.
nerve fibers in relation with B.'s nucleus. B.'s bursal'ogy. The branch of anatomy dealing
nu'cleus, a, collection of gray matter at the base especially with the bursae.
of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle. bur'sine. An alkaloid from capsella, employed
B.'s oper'culum, see operculum (i). as an astringent and styptic.
bur'dock. Lappa. bursitis (bur-si'(se')tis). Inflammation of a bursa.
burette' [Fr.] A graduated tube for measuring bursop'athy [L. bursa, +
G. pathos, suffering.] Any
fluids. disease of a. bursa, especially dropsy accom-
Burghart's sign (boorgh'hart) [Hans Gerny Burg- panying a general disease such as syphilis.
hart, German physician, *i862.] Crepitant bursula (bur'su-lah) [L. dim. of bursa, purse.] A
rS.les heard at the base of the lung anteriorly in small pouch or bag. b. tes'tium, scrotum.
incipient tuberculosis. Bur'ton's line [Henry Burton, English physician,
bum [A.S. barnan.'] i. To consume with fire. 2. 19th century.] A
bluish line on the free border
To cause a lesion of the skin by heat. 3. To of the gums occurring in chronic lead poison-
cause a lesion by acid or any other agent, similar ing.
to that caused by heat; to cauterize. 4. To Busquet's disease' (biis-ka') [Busquet, French physi-
sufEer pain caused by excessive heat, or a similar cian, contemporary.] An osteoperiostitis of the
pain from any cause. 5. A
lesion caused by metatarsal bones, leading to exostoses on the
heat or any cauterizing agent. dorsum of the foot.
Bur'nam's test [Curtis Field Burnam, American Bussang, France (bu-sahh'). Alkaline-fermginous-
surgeon, contemporary.] A
test for formaldehyde carbonated waters. Used internally in anemia,
In the urine see Rimini's* test.
; chlorosis, rheumatism, gout, jaundice, and
Bur'nett's solu'tion [Sir William Burnett, English women's diseases. June 15 to September 15.
surgeon, 1779— 186 1.] A
solution of zinc chlor- bu'tese gum'mi [John Earl of Bute, 1713-1792.]
ide containing 10 grains to the ounce of water; (B.A.) Butea gum, Bengal kino, the inspissated
disinfectant and deodorant. juice from the stem of Butea frondosa, palas-tree,
bum'ing-bush. Euonymus dhak-tree, a shrub or small tree of India; as-
Burns's amauro'sis [John Burns, Scotch obstetrician, tringent, b. sem'ina (B.A.), butea seeds, from
1774-1850.] Postmarital a., blindness following B. frondosa, yield moodooga oil; anthelmintic.
sexual excess. buffer [G. boutyron.l i. A coherent mass of milk-
Burns's farciform process or lig'ament [Allan fat, obtained by churning or shaking cream until
Burns, Scotch anatomist, 1781—1813.] Hey's* the separate fat globides run together, leaving a
femoral ligament. B.'s space, a space just liquid residue, buttermilk. 2. A soft solid
above the manubrium stemi, between the first having more or less the consistence of butter,
and second layers of the deep cervical fascia, b. of an'timony, chloride of antimony, b. of
through which pass the anterior jugular veins. bis'muth, chloride of bismuth, b. of tin, chloride
Burow's liq'uor (boo'rov) [Karl August v. Burow, of tin. b, of zinc, chloride of zinc, caca'o b.,
German surgeon, 1809-1874.] A solution of co'coa b., oleum theobromatis.
alum and lead acetate. B.'s opera'tion, (i) a Butter's cancer (but'urz kan'sur). Cancer of the
flap operation for closing a defect in the lip; (2) hepatic flexure of the colon.
an operation for entropion. B.'s solu'tion, but'ter-cyst. An area of saponifying necrosis in a
B.'s liquor. B.'s vein, an occasional vein lipoma.
passing from the inferior epigastric, sometimes butt'erfly. i. Papilio, a day-flying lepidopterous
receiving a branch from the bladder, and insect, a. Any structure, apparatus, or lesiol.
emptying into the portal. resembling in shape a butterfly with outstretched
burr. Bur. wings, i.e., having two lateral masses with a
Burri's meth'od (boor're) [Robert Burri, Berne narrow band of union, b. patch, the character
bacteriologist, contemporary.] A method of ex- istic distribution of lupus erythematodes over
amination for microorganisms; the specimen is each cheek-bone with a connecting loop across
fixed in arsenic acid and then immersed in a the bridge of the nose.
suspension of India ink; the microorganisms, if butt'ermilk. The fluid containing casein and lactic
present, appear white by contrast on a black acid, left after the process of making butter also;

background. an artificial product obtained by the cultivation

burrow (bii'ro). 1. A subcutaneous tunnel or of lactic-acid bacilli in cow's milk.
tract made by a parasite such as the itch-mite. butt'ernut. Juglans.
2. A sinus or fistula. butt'erweed. Erigeron.
BUTTERWORTH'S MINERAL SPRING 149 BYTHIUM

Butt'erworth's Mineral Spring, Michigan. Saline by'uin. Trade name of a malt extract said to con-
calcic waters. Used for drinking and bathing. tain about 5 1 per cent, of maltose, 3 per cent, each
butt'ock. Natis, the prominence formed by the of dextrin and protein, and 8 per cent, of alcohol.
gluteal muscles on either side. Byrd-Dew meth'od [Harvey Leonidas Byrd, Ameri-
butt' on, 1. A structure or lesion of knob shape. can physician, 1820-1884; James Harvie Dew,
3. An apparatus or part of an apparatus of the American physician, *i843.] For asphyxia of
shape of a small ball or knob. Bisk'ra b., the newborn: the child is supported supine on
oriental boil. Jaboulay' b., Mur'phyb., etc., see the palms of the operator's two hands, the head
the proper names. falling backward; then by simple supination of
butt'onhole. i. A
short straight cut made through the operator's forearms the body of the child
the wall of a cavity or canal. ^. The con- flexed and expiration is effected; on pronation
is
traction of an orifice down to a narrow slit, as in of the arms the body is again extended and in-
the so-called mitral b. spiration is caused.
butt'on-scur'Ty. Ecphyma globulus, an apparently Byron Springs, California. Muriated saline; alka-
contagious skin disease prevalent for a time in line-saline-chalybeate-stilphureted ; s a li n e-sul-
Ireland; it was characterized by an eruption of phureted-carbonated waters, 52° F. to 140° F.
tubercles becoming gradually red and soft; it Upward of fifty springs. Used by drinking and
was thought possibly to be a form of yaws which bathing in rheumatism, gout, renal and hepatic
it resembled superficially. diseases, cutaneous diseases, cystitis, genito-
bu'tyl. A hydrocarbon radicle, C^H,. b. chlo'ral, tuinary disorders, arthritis, dyspepsia, consti-
see butyl-chloral hydras, b. phe'nate, a colorless pation and glandular enlargements.
antiseptic liquid.
butyl'amine. Acolorless, transparent liquid,
C4H11N, soluble in water; diuretic.
bu'tyl-chlo'ral hy'dras (Br.). Formerly called, in-
correctly, croton-chloral hydrate, occurs in white,
glistening, scaly crystals; it is employed as an
analgesic and hjrpnotic in doses of gr. 5—20
(0.3-1.3).
butyra'ceous. Buttery in consistence.
bu'tyrate. A salt of butyric acid.
butyr'ic. Relating to butter, b. acid, an acid of
impleasant odor, occurring in butter, codliver
oil, sweat, and many other substances; it exists
in two forms: normal butyric acid, ethyl acetic
acid, propyl formic acid, CjH,COOH, a color-
less viscid liquid occurring as a glyceride in cow's
butter; isobutyric acid, dimethyl acetic acid,
CH(CHj)jCOOH, found as a glyceride in
is
croton oil and elsewhere; it resembles the normal
acid but has a somewhat less unpleasant odor.
bu'tyrin. Glyceryl* butyrate.
bu'tyroid[G boutyron, butter, + eidos, resemblance.]
I. Buttery. 2. Resembling butter.

butyr'omel. A mixture of butter and honey, recom-

mended in debility and loss of flesh.
butyiometer (bu-tir-om'e-tur) [G. boutyron, butter,
+ metron, measure.] An instrument for de-
termining the amoimt of butter fat in milk.
bu'vo. Trade name of an extract, in tablet form,
of beef and vegetable juices. Byrd-Dew Method in Asphyxia op the Newborn
buz'ine. An alkaloid from the box, Buxus sem- byssino'sis [G. byssos, cotton.] A form of pneumon-
pervirens, identical with berberine; used as a
10-20 oconiosis occurring in operatives in cotton mills.
bitter tonic and antiperiodic in doses of gr.
byssocausis (bis"o-kaw'sis) [G. byssos, cotton, -f-
(0.6-1.3).
hausis, burning.] Employment of the moxa.
Buxton, England. Slightly saline waters, 82° F. A
chronic pneu-
byssophthisis (bis''o-ti'(te')sis).
Used by drinking and bathing in gastric, hepatic, monia caused by the inhalation of dust and
renal, and cystic disorders, gout,
rheumatism, operatives in
particles of cotton occurring in
gonorrheal rheumatism, and rheumatoid arthritis.
inan-oo'vur) cotton mills.
Buzzard's maneuver (buz'ardz Cotton, lint.
byss'us [G. byssos, cotton.]
[Thomas Buzzard, London physician, 1831- byth'ium [G. bythos, depth.] Name given to a
while the
1919.] Testing the patellar reflex substance assumed to be a new element
obtained
sitting patient makes firm pressure on the
floor
from sulphur.
by the toes.
 15° CACOTROPHY

C. Abbreviation for cylinder or cylindrical lens, CaClj. Calcium chloride, bleaching powder ,

centigrade or Celsius, contraction, closure (of Ca(C102)2. Calcium chlorate.

an electrical circuit), and congius (gallon). CaCO,. Calcium carbonate, chalk.
Chemical symbol for carbon. CaC204. Calcium oxalate.
Ca. Abbreviation for cathode. Chemical symbol cacocholia (k^-ko-ko'li-ah) [G. kakos, bad, +
chole,

for calcium. bile.] An abnormal state of the bile.

Cab'ot's ring bod'ies [Richard Clarke Cabot, Boston cacochylia (k3-ko-ki'li-ah) [G. kakos. bad, +
chylos,
physician, *i868.] Ring-shaped figures staining juice.] An abnormal state of tne gastric juice.
red with Wright's stain, occasionally seen in the 2. Indigestion.

erythrocytes in pernicious anemia, lead poisoning, cacochymia (k4-ko-ki'mI-ah) [G. kakos, bad, +
and lymphatic leucemia. chymos, juice.] 1. Cacochylia. :«. Disordered
CaC,. Calcium carbide. metabolism.
cacao (kS-kah'o) native Mexican origin.]
[of caco'dyl [G. kakodes, ill-smelling, -I- hyle, stuff.]
Thecbroma; see also cocoa, c. prsepara'ta An evil-smelling oil, As(CH3)4, resulting from the
(N.P.), prepared cacao, cocoa, a powder made distillation together of arsenous acid and potas-
from the roasted kernels of the ripe seeds of sium acetate.
Theobroma cacao. cacod'ylate. A salt of cacodylic acid.
cac'atory [L. cacare, to go to stool.] Relating to cacodyl'ic. Relating to cacodyl, noting especially
bowel movements, especially excessive dis- cacodylic acid, dimethylarsenic acid, prepared by
charges or diarrhea. treating cacodyl and cacodyl oxide with mercuric
CaCC. Abbreviation for cathodal, or negative oxide; occurs in the form of odorless soluble
pole, closure contraction. prisnlatic crystals, and forms cacodylates with
Cachat, France (kS-shS'), see Evian-les-Bains. various bases, which are employed in skin diseases,
cach£ (ki-sha') [Fr. hidden, covered.] A
lead cone tuberculosis, malaria, and other affections" iir
covered' with several layers of paper, having a the place of arsenical preparations.
mica window at the bottom; employed as an cacoethes (kS-ko-e'thes) [G. kakoeihes.'] i. A bad
applicator in radiotherapy, the radium or habit or propensity. 2, Malignancy, c. operan'di,
other radioactive substance being at the apex of tomomania.
the cone and filters being placed below as required. cacoethic (kS-ko-e'thik) [G. kakos, bad, +
ethos,
cachec'tic (ki-kek'tik). Relating to or suffering character.] Malignant.
from cachexia. cacogenesis (kS-ko-jen'e-sis) [G. kakos, bad,- -|-
cachet (ka-sha') [Pr. a seal,] A
seal-shaped genesis, origin.] i. Monstrosity. 2. Abnormal
capsule or wafer for enclosing powders of dis- growth or development.
agreeable taste. .
cacogenic (k^-ko-jen'ik) [See cacogenics.] i. Tend-
cachexia (kS-kek'sI-ah) [G. kakos, bad, + hexis, a ing toward racial deterioration through bad
habit of body.] A general lack of nutrition and sexual selection. 2. Relating to cacogenesis.
wasting occurring in the course of a chronic cacogenics (ki-ko-jen'iks) [G. kakogenes, ill-bom.]
disease. African c, earth-eating, c. aphtho'sa, The opposite of eugenics; the aggregation of
sprue (2). c. aquo'sa, an edematous form of factors tending, through adverse sexual selection,
uncinariasis, c. hypophys"eopri'va, a condition to the deterioration of the race.
following total removal of the hypophysis cerebri, cacogeusia (kak-o-ju'sl-ah) [G. kakos, bad, -I- geusis,
marked by a fall of body temperature, awk- taste.] A bad taste.
wardness -in gait with irregular muscular con- cacomelia (ki-ko-mel'I-ah) [G. kakos, bad, + melos,
tractions similar to those of tetany, followed limb.] A congenital deformity of one or more
by coma and death, c. strumipri'va, c. thy- of the limbs.
reopriva. c. thyreoid'ea, myxedema, c. thy- cacoplas'tic [G. kakos, bad, -|- plastikos, St for
reopri'va, myxedematous symptoms resulting moulding, formed.] 1, Relating to or causing
from the rernoval of the thyroid gland, c. morbid growth, noting the cacoplastio albumin
thyroid'ea, c. thyreoidea. lymphat'ic c, Hodg- of Rokitansky the presence of which was assumed
kin's disease, mala'rial u., chronic malaria, a to be essential to the production of cancer.
condition developing after repeated attacks of 2. Incapable of normal or perfect formation.
intermittent or remittent fever or affecting cacos'xnia [G. kakos, bad, + osme, the sense of
,

residents in malarious regions who may have smell.] A subjective perception of disagreeable
had no distinct paroxysms of chills and fever. odors which do not exist; a variety of parosmia.
The subjects are anemic, emaciated, and cacosto'mia [G. kakos, bad, + stoma, moutli.]
cachetic looking, with sallow complexion, edema Noma; severe stomatitis.
of the ankles, feeble digestion, enlarged spleen, cacothenic (k&-ko-then'ik) [See cacothenics.]
muscular weakness, and mental depression. Tending to racial deterioration through bad
mercu'rial c, chronic mercurial poisoning. en-vironmental influences.
ne'gro c, African t., dirt-eating, sat'urnine c, cacothenics (ka-ko-then'iks) [G. kakothenia, a
chronic lead poisoning, splen'ic c, pernicious state of ill-being.] The opposite of euthenics;
anemia with enlargement of the spleen, u'rinary racial degeneration through bad environmental
u., the constitutional disturbance accompanying and sanitary influences.
suppuration along the urinary tract.
cachexy (kS-kek'se). Cachexia.
cacot'rophy [G. kakos, bad, + trophS, nourishment.]
Malnutrition.
CACTIN 151 CALABAR BEAN

cac'tin. A glucoside from Cactus grandiflorus, (0.06-0.3). citra'ta

c. efferves'cens (U.S.),
recommended as a. heart tonic in doses of gr. -^^ caffeinse citraseffervescens (Br.), effervescent
(o.ooi). citrated caffeine, a coarse granular white powder,
cactus grandiflorus (kak'tus gran-di-flor'us) [G. containing sodium bicarbonate and tartaric
kaktos; L. grandis, large, + Jlos (Jlor-), fiower.] acid, and 4 per cent, of citrated caffeine; effer-
(N.F.) The fresh flowers and young stems of vesces when put into water; dose, 5 1—4(4.0-15.0).
Cactus grandiflorus or> Cereus grandiflorus, night- caffei'nae sodioben'zoas (U.S.), caffeine sodio-
blooming cereus; recommended as a heart tonic benzoate; a mixture of equal parts of sodium
and as a substitute for digitalis in doses of 1110— benzoate and caffeine; employed to meet the
IS (0.5—1.0) of the N.F. tincture, or of ni;2-4 indication of caffeine in doses of gr. 2-3 (o. 13-
(o 12-0 25) of the fiuidextract,
. . 0.2). caffei'nee sodiosalicy'las (N.F.), caffeine
cacu'men, pi. cacumina [L. summit.] i. The top sodiosalicylate; a mixture of sodium salicylate
—
or apex of anjrthing of a plant or an anatomical and caffeine; employed for the relief of headache
structure, .i. The anterior portion of the and neuralgia in doses of gr. 2-3 (o. 13-0. 2).
superior vermis of the cerebellum, culmen caffeine (ka'fe-en).The alkaloidal active prin-
[BNA]. ciple of coffee, tea, guarana, mat^, and kola; it
cacu'minal. Relating to the top or apex of any- is identical with theine and guaranine acid; see
thing, c. folium* vermis, superior semi-
lobe, caffeina.
lunar lobe of the cerebellum. caffeinism (kaf'e-en-izm). Chronic coffee-poison-
cadaver, pi. cadav'era (kS-daVur) [L. cadere, to fall.] ing, characterized by palpitation, dyspepsia,
A dead body, corpse. irritability, and insomnia.
cadaver'ic. Relating to a. dead body. cafi'eol. Caffeone, CjHi„02, an aromatic oil
cadav'erine. A ptomaine, CgHisN^, formed during obtained by roasting coffee, probably the
putrid decomposition of the human body, a methyl ether of saligenin; the coffee aroma is
heavy, foul-smelling liquid. believed to be due to this substance.
cadaT'erous. Having the pallor and appearance of cafi'eone. Caffeol.
a corpse. caff'eotann'ic acid. Chlorogenic acid, an amor-
cade oil. Oleum cadinum. phous gum-like acid from coffee, yielding caffeic
Cadet's fuming liquor (k3.-da') [Louis Claude Cadet acid by precipitation with baryta and salts of lead.
de Gassicourt, French chemist, 1731-1799.] Cagot ear (kS-go') [name of a degenerate race in
Aloarsin, the product of distillation of a mixture the Pyrenees among whom physical stigmata
of equal parts of potassium acetate and arsenous are common.] An auricle having no lobulus.
acid. cahin'ca root. The root of Chiococca brachiata
cad'mium. A metallic element, symbol Cd, atomic and of C. alba, plants of tropical America tonic, ;

weight 1 1 1. 6, resembling tin in appearance and diuretic, and purgative; dose,gr. 20—60 (1.3—4.0)
zinc in its chemical relations. Its salts are as a diuretic.
poisonous and little used in medicine, c. i'odide, ca'hincin. Cahincic acid, occurs in the form of
Cdlj, used externally in ointment in the treatment white silky needles, of very bitter taste; diuretic
of chronic skin diseases, glandular enlargements, and purgative in doses of gr. 2—4 (o. 13-0. ^5).
and chronic arthritis; unguentum cadmii iodidi CaHgO^. Calcium hydroxide, slaked lime.
was formerly official in the B.P. c. sal'icylate caincic acid (ka-in'sik). Cahincin.
occtu:s in colorless tablets; it has been used in cainotophobia (ki-not-o-fo'bi-ah) ' [G. kainotes,
the treatment of purulent ophthalmia, c. sul'- novelty, + phobos, fear.] Neophobia, morbid
phate occurs as colorless j-hombic cry.stals; it is dread of anything new or novel.
an irritant astringent and has been employed caisson disease' (ka'son) [caisson, Fr.. caisse, a
locally in the treatment of gonorrhea and corneal box; a water-tight box or cylinder containing air
opacities, in solutions of gr. i in g 1-4. under high pressure, used' in sinking piers for
CaDTe. duration tetanus, a tetanic
Cathodal bridges, etc.] A symptom-complex occurring
contraction occurring on application of the in tunnel workers and others working in places
cathode or negative pole; while the circuit is under high air pressure when they return too
closed. sudderdy to the normal atmosphere; it is- marked
cadu'cous [L. cadere, to fall.] Deciduous; in botany, by headache, pain in the epigastrium and the
falling early, noting the sepals or petals which extremities, vertigo, dyspnea, coughing, nau-
fall before or at the time of flowering. sea and vomiting, and paralysis; called also the
cse'citas [L.]Blindness. bends, diver's paralysis, tunnel disease.
cse'cum. Cecum. Cajal's cells (kah-hahl') [Santiago Ramon y Cajal,
cse'cus mi'nor ventric'uli. The cardiac portion Spanish anatomist, *i852.] Nerve cells of the
stomach. superficial (molecular) layer of the cerebral
of the
casmen'tum. Cementum. cortex, having several neuraxons. C.'s stain

caesa'rean, caesa'rian. Cesarean for nerve cells and fibers, potassium bichromate
solution, 3 parts i per cent, osmic acid solution,
csesium (se'zl-um). Cesium. ;

eaf'fea [L.] Coffee. 25 parts; distilled water, to make 100 parts; the
caffeic Relating to coffee, c. acid,
(ka,-fe'ik). nerve cells and their processes stain a deep black,
CjHjOj, obtained from caffeotannic acid by the neuroglia cells a reddish black.
precipitation, occurs in straw-colored crystals. caj'eput, caj'uput [Malay, white tree.] See oleum
(kS-fe-e'nah). (U.S. and Br.) Caffeine, cajuputi.
caffeina
cajeputene (kaj'e-pu-ten). Dipentene, a substance
theine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried
leaves of Thea sinensis, tea, or the dried seeds of
found in ethereal oil of cajeput.
white silky caj'eputol. I. Eucalyptol. 2. Oleum cajuputi.
Coffea arabica, coffee, occurring in
needles; employed in cardiac weakness, neuralgia,
caj'uput. Oleum* cajuputi.
caksesthe'sia, cakesthe'sia [G. kakos, bad, 4-
and headache in doses of gr. ^-2 (0.03-0.13).
caffeine, caffeinas aisthesis, feeling.] Malaise.
c. citra'ta (U.S.), citrated
equal Cal'abar bean [Calabar, a region in West Africa.]
citras (Br.), caffeine citrate, a mixture of
dose, gr. 1-5 Physostigma. C. swell'ings, an eruption of
parts of caffeine and citric acid,
CALABAR BEAN 152 CALCIUM

transient circumscribed edema, affecting the resorption of osseous tissue in caries, malignant
,

natives in Calabar and other parts of West Africa, growths, etc c. degenera'tion or infiltra'tion,

accompanied by soreness and heat or itching; calcification.

they recur at irregular intervals for months or cal'carine. Relating to the calcar spur-shaped. ;

years, and are believed to be due to the presence calcariuria (kal-kar-i-u'rJ-ah) Excretion of lime
.

of Filaria loa in the subcutaneous tissues. salts in the urine.

calabarine (kal'a,-bar-en) . Aliquid alkaloid cal'cic. Relating to lime.
from physostigma, antagonistic in certain calclcosis (kal-sl-ko'sis). Pneumonoconiosis from
respects to physostigmine. the inhalation of limestone dust; marble-cutter's
calage (kal-azh') [Fr. wedging.] Wedging the body phthisis.
in the berth by means of pillows, in order to cal'cidine. Trade name of a preparation of calcium
prevent rolling in case of seasickness. and iodine; recommended for catarrhal laryn-
calamina prseparata (kal-ah-me'nah pra-par- children in doses of gr. J-i (0.02-0.06).
gitis in
ah'tah). (N.F.) Prepared calamine, lapis cal- calcifica'tion [L. calx, lime,+ facere, to make.] The
aminaris, native zinc carbonate prepared by deposition of insoluble salts of calciiiin or mag-
calcination and elutriation; a pinkish powder; nesium, especially calcium carbonate or phos-
employed as a dusting powder. phate, in weakened or degenerated tissues; petri-
calamine (kal'i-min). Zinc carbonate, ZnCO,. faction, calcareous infiltration or degeneration.
prepared' c, calamina prasparata. silic'eous c, c. lines, accretion* lines.

native hydrous zinc silicate Zn2Si04. calcigerous (kal-sij'er-us) [L. calx{calc-), Ume, -|-
cal'amus [L. reed, a pen.] The dried unpeeled gerere, to bear.] Containing lime; producing
rhizome of Acorus calamus, sweet flag; aromatic any of the salts of calcium.
and stomachic in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). calcimeter (kal-sim'e-tur) [L. calcium + G. metron,
c. scripto'rius, writing pen, inferior part of the measure.] A device for estimating the amount of
rhomboid fossa, the narrow lower end of the floor calcium in the blood. Blair Bell's c. is a gradu-
of the fourth ventricle between the two clavas. ated pipette in which a mixture is made for
cal'cuhth. Aproprietary remedy for rheumatism determining the calcium index (see BelVs*
and uric acid conditions, consisting of calcium method.
carbonate, colchicine, and lithia. calcina'tion [L. calcinare, to make lime.] The
calcaneo-astrag'aloid. Relating to the calcaneus, operation of calcining.
or OS calcis, and the astragalus, or talus. calcine (kal'sin, kal'sin). To expel water and ani-
calca"neoca'vus. See under talipes. mal matter by heat; to roast metals, bones, etc.,
calca"neocu'boid. Relating to the calcaneus and reducing them to a powder or a friable condition.
the cuboid bone. calciphilia (kal-sl-fil'l-ah) [L. calx (calc-), lime, -1- G.
calca"neonavic'ular. Relating to the calcaneus philia, friendship.] An afiinity for lime salts cir-
and the scaphoid bone, or os naviculare. culating in the blood, hence a tendency to calci-
calca"neoscaph'oid. Calcaneonavicular. fication.
calca"neotib'ial. Relating t6 the calcaneus and the cal'cium [L. calx{calc-), chalk.] A metallic dyad ele-
tibia. ment, of a lustrous yellow color, symbol Ca, atomic
calca'neum. Calcaneus. weight 40.09, The oxide of calcium is an alkaline
calcaneus, gen. calca'nei (kal-ka'ne-us) [L. relating earth, CaO, quick lime, which on the addition of
to the calx or heel.] i. [BNA] Heel-bone, os water becomes calcium hydrate, Ca(OH),, slaked
calcis; the largest of the tarsal bones; it forms lime. Several of the salts of calcium are em-
the heel and articulates with the cuboid ante- ployed in medicine, cal'cii benzo'as, calcium
riorly and the astragalus above. 2. Talipes* benzoate, in colorless efflorescent crystals,
calcaneus. soluble in 20 parts of water, employed as an
cal'car [L. spur, cock's spur.] A spur-like process. internal antiseptic and in albuminuria, in doses
c. a'vis, hippocampus minor, the lower of two of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). cal'cii betanaph'thol sul-
elevdtions on the inner wall of the posterior pho'nas, calcium betanaphthol sulphonate, a
horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain, caused reddish-white powder, used in rheumatism, gout,
by the proximity of the bottom of the calcarine and neuralgia in doses of gr. s— ^5 (°-3— i-o).
fissure, c. femora'le, Bigelow's septum, a bony cal'cii bc'ras, calcium borate, a white insoluble
spur springing from the under side of the neck powder, applied locally for bums, moist eczema,
of the femur above and anterior to the lesser etc., and given internally for the diarrhea of
trochanter, adding to the strength of this part children in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). cal'cii
of the bone. t. pe'dis, heel, calx [BNA]. bro'midum (U.S.), calcium bromide, a white
calua'rea. Lime, calx.* c. carbon'ica, a homeo- deliquescent granular salt, employed to meet the
pathic preparation from the white middle layer same indications as potassium bromide, in doses
of the oyster shell, given in scrofula, sweating of of gr- 5-30 (° 3-2 o). • cal'cii car'bidum, calcium
•

the feet, rickets, acid dyspepsia, gallstone colic, carbide, occurs in blackish crystalline lumps;
and night sweats, in doses of the 6th to aooth when in contact with water it yields acetylene
potencies, c. chlorina'ta, calx chlorinata. c. gas; has been used locally to check fetor and
fiuor'ica, a homeopathic preparation of fluor- discharge in cancer of the uterus, cal'cii carbo'-
spar, used in bone tumors, cataract, and varicose nas prscipita'tus (U.S.), precipitated calcium
veins in doses of the 3X to i2x potencies, c. carbonate, creta ptsecipitata, precipitated chalk,
ostrea'rum, c. carbonica. c. phosphor'ica, pre- a fine white impalpable powder, employed in
cipitated calcium phosphate, a homeopathic diarrhea as an antacid in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-
preparation, recommended in bone diseases, 2.0). cal'cii chlo'ridum (U.S. and Br.), calcium
rickets, tuberculosis, leucorrhea, and rheumatism chloride, occurs as translucent inodorous, deliques-
in doses of 3X to 12X potencies, c. us'ta, quick- cent masses, of a sharp, bitter, saline taste; used
lime, calcium oxide. to increase the coagulability of the blood in hemo-
calca'reous. Chalky, relating to or containing philia and purpura, in doses of gr. 2-15 (o.
13-1.0).
lime. c. metas'tasis, the deposit of calcareous cal'cii glycerophos'phas (U.S.), a white
crystal-
material in remote tissues in case of extensive line powder soluble in 20 parts of water;
em-
 CALCIUM I S3 CALEFACIENT

ployed as a nerve tonit in doses of gr. 3—10 creosote; recommended in bronchitis, pulmonary
(0 18-0 .6).
. c. group, the metals of the alkaline tuberculosis, and gastrointestinal infections.
earths, three of the basylous elements, calcium, cal'culary. Relating to a calculus or calculi.
strontium, and barium, cal'cii hippu'ras, cal- cal'culous. Relating to calculi.
cium hippurate, said to be a solvent of uratic calculus, gen. and pi. cql'culi (kal'ku-lus) [L. a
gravel and calculi in doses of gr. 5—20 (0.3-1.3). pebble.] A
concretion formed in any portion of
cal'cii hypophos'phis (U.S. and Br.), calcium hy- the body, usually (except in the case of gallstones)
pophosphite, occurring as a white crystalline formed of inorganic matter, often deposited
powder or in colorless transparent scales; em- around a minute fragment of organic material, the
ployed in rickets, incipient tuberculosis, and nucleus, arthrit'lc c, chalkstone, a gouty de-
other manifestations of defective nutrition, in posit of urates in or near a joint, au'ral c,
doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). c. in'dex, see inspissated cerumen in the external auditory
under Bell's* method, cal'cii io'das, calcinol, a meatus, bil'iary c, gallstone, a concretion, chiefly
tasteless odorless powder, employed as a dusting of cholesterin, formed in a bile duct or the gall-
powder and in lotion and ointment as an anti- bladder, blood c, phlebolith; a calculus formed
septicand deodorant, cal'cii iod'idum, calcium in a thrombus, cor'al c, a large kidney stone
iodatum, calcium iodide, ha.s been recommended moulded to the pelvis with branches filling the
in tuberculosis in doses of gr. 1—4 (0.06-0.25). calyces, dendrit'ic c, coral t. den'tal c, (i)
cal'cii lac'tas (U.S.), calcium lactate, occurs in tartar; (2) serumal i;. fu'sible c, one composed
white crystalline masses, soluble in 10 parts of of ammoniomagnesian phosphate and calcium
water; employed in rickets- in doses of gr. 4-8 phosphate, hematogenet'ic c, serumal c. he'mic
(0.25-0.5). cal'cii lactophos'phas (N.F.), cal- c, blood, c. hemp'seed c, a small urinary c. of
cium lactophosphate, a mixture of calcium lac- calcium oxalate forming, when multiple, gravel.
tate, calcium acid lactate, and calcium acid intes'tinal c, a concretion in the bowel, either a
phosphate, a white granular powder, soluble in coprolith or an enterolith, mul'berry c, a hard,
water; employed in tuberculosis and other wast- dark brown or gray, usually nodulated con-
ing diseases in doses of gr. 5-10 (o 3-0 6). cal'-
. .
cretion in the bladder, composed chiefly of
cii perman'ganas, calcium permanganate, an in- calcium oxalate, na'sal c, rhinolith. pancreat'-
testinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 2~i| (0 .03-0 .1). ic li., a concretion usually multiple, in the pan-
cal'cii peroz'idum, calcium peroxide, gorit, em- creatic duct, consisting of calcium carbonate
ployed in acid dyspepsia and as an intestinal and phosphate with organic matter, prostat'ic c,
antiseptic, in doses of gr. 3—10 (0.2—0.6). cal'cii one formed^'in the prostate, usually phosphatic.
phos'phas prsecipita'tus (N.F.), cal'cii phos'phas pulp c, pulp-nodtile. re'nal c, stone in the kid-
(Br.), precipitated calcium phosphate, a white ney, a concretion, usually of uric acid, calci\un
amorphous powder, used for the same purposes oxalate, or phosphates, in the kidney, sal'ivary
as calcium hypophosphite, in doses of gr. 10-30 c, (i) a c. in a salivary duct; (2) tartar of the
(0.6-2 o). cal'cii sac'chsiras, calcium saccharate,
.
teeth, se'rumal c, hematogenetic c, a greenish
employed as an antacid in dyspepsia and flatu- or dark brown deposit on the roots of the teeth
lence in doses of gr. 7J-30 (0.5-2.0), and as in pyorrhea alveolaris. ton'sillar c, amygdalo-
an antidote in carbolic acid poisoning in dose of lith, tonsillolith, a calcareous concretion in the

32-5 (S. 0—20.0). cal'cii salicy'las, calcium substance of the tonsil, u'rinary u., a c. in the
salicylate, a white insoluble crystalline powder, kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra, u'terine c,
used as an intestinal antiseptic in gastroenteritis womb-stone, a calcareous concretion in the
in doses of gr. 8-15 (0.5-1.0). cal'cii santo'nas, uterus, ves'ical c, stone in the bladder; a urinary
calcium santonate, anthelmintic in doses of gr. i;. formed or lodged in the bladder
i-ij (0.03-0.1). cal'cii sul'phas exsicca'tus, articular, arthrolith, chalkstone. biliary, gallstone!
cholelith, hepatolith, calculus fellei. bladder, vesica,
dried calcium sulphate, dried gypsum, plaster of calculus, stone in the bladder, cystolith. blood, hemo-
Paris; used for making plaster splints and other lith, hematoUth, angiolith (in vessel), arteriolith (in
fixed dressings, cal'cii sul'phidum cru'dum artery), phlebolith (in vein), cuta'neous, milium.
gastric, gastrolith. heart cavity or wall, cardiolith.
(U.S.), crude calcium sulphide, calx sulphurata, intestinal, enterolith, joint, arthrolith, chalkstone.
sulphurated lime; a light grayish powder having lacrymal, tearstone, dacryolith. nasal, rhinolith.
a faint odor of hydrogen sulphide, employed in preputial, postholith. prostatic, prostatoKth. pul-
monary, pneumolith.i tonsillar, amy gdalolith. urinary,
the treatment of boils and acne in doses of gr. nephrolith, renal calculus, ureteral calculus, cystolith,
J-i (0.03—0.06), and externally as an applica- vesical calculus, urethral calculus, uterine, womb-
tion to scabies and ringworm, cal'cii sul'phis, stone, hysterolith.

calcium sulphurosum, calcium sulphite, a white Caldani's lig'ament (kahl-dah'ne) [Leopoldo Marco
powder used as an intestinal antiseptic, and Antonio Caldani, Italian anatomist, 1725— 1813.]
locally in the treatment of parasitic skin diseases' A ligament arising from the internal border of the
calcoglob'uUn. A combination of an albuminate coracoid process and passing inward; it divides
into two fasciculi, the upper one of which is
with a calcium salt, supposed to be the form in
attached to the under surface of the clavicle, the
which lime salts are deposited in the bones and
in areas of calcareous degeneration.
lower to the upper edge of the first rib.
Caldwell-Luc opera'tion (kawld'wel-liik) [Henry
cal'coid [L. calx{calc-), lime, -I- G. eidos, resem-
Lac, French laryngologist, *i8S5.] Opening
blance.] A neoplasm of the tooth-pulp.
into the antrum of Highmore through the
calcophorous (kal-kof'or-us) [L. calx(calc-), lime, -f-
anterior wall, the primary incision being made
G. phoros, bearing.] Calcigerous. in the supradental fossa opposite the second
calcospherite (kal-ko-sfe'rit) [L. calx, lime, + G. or third molar tooth.
spaira, sphere.] One of a number of very small Caledo'nia Springs, Canada. Carbonated-saline wa-
concentric calcareous bodies (composed of cal- ters. Used for drinking. June to October.
coglobulin) found in nervous tissue, tumors, the calefacient (kal-e-fa'shent) [L. calere, to be warm, +
thyroid, the prostate, and elsewhere. facere, to make.] i Making warm or hot. 2.
calcreose (kal'kre-oz) Trade name of a prepara-
. An agent causing a sense of warmth in the part
tion said to contain 50 per cent, pure beechwood I to which it is applied.
 ;

CALENDULA 154 CALOT'S MtVl'tiVU

calen'dula [L. Calender, the first day of the month, the ening of the epidermis as a result of friction or
intermittent pressure.
plant flowering nearly every month.] (N.F.) The
callosomarginal (ka-lo"so-mar'ji-nal). Relating to
dried florets of Calendula ofjicinalis, marigold;
employed chiefly externally as an application to the corpus callosum and the marginal gyrus, not-
sprains and bruises. ing the sulcus between them.
calen'dulin. A yellow amorphous neutral principlt callo'sum [L. callosus, hard.] Corpus callosum.
callous (kal'us). Relating to callus or to a callosity;
in calendula.
calentura (kal-en-too'rah) [Sp. from L. calere, to be thick-skinned, hard.
cal'lus [L. hard skin.] i. Callosity. 2. The hard
hot.] A mild ephemeral or continued fever of
tropical countries, often called by the natives of bone-like substance thrown out between and
the English-speaking tropics, a "cold"; thermic around the ends of a fractured bone, cen'tral c,
fever. i
the provisional ^. within the medullary cavity.
calenture (kal'en-tur). Calentura. definitive c, the u. between the fractured bone
calf, pi. calves (kaf or kahf) [Gael, kalpa.] The which becomes converted into osseous tissue.
muscular swelling of the back of the leg, formed ensheath'ing c, the mass of provisional c. around
chiefly by the bellies of the gastrocnemius and the outside of the bone, interme'diate c, defini-
soleus muscles, gnome's c, the very full tive c. per'manent c, definitive c. pin c,
rounded calf occurring in pseudohypertrophic provisional c. occupying the medullary canal.
paralysis affecting the gastrocnemius muscles. provis'ional c, the c. thrown out as nature's splint
calf-bone. Fibula. to keep the ends of the bone in apposition; it is
cal'iber, cal'ibre. The diameter of a canal, such as absorbed after union is complete, tem'porary c,
the esophagus or urethra. provisional c.
calibrate. To measure the diameter of a canal. cal'mative. i. Quieting, sedative 2. An agent
cal'ibrator. An instrument for measuring the which quiets excitement, a sedative.
diameter of a tube or canal. Calmette' test [Albert Calmette, French bacteriologist,
caliculus (kal-ik'u-lus) [L. dim. of oalix, a cup.] *i863.] See conjunctival* reaction.
Calyculus. c. ophthal'micus [BNA], optic cup, calmine (kal'min). Trade name of a compound of
the secondary ocular vesicle made cup-shaped sodium and diethylbarbituric acid, employed as
by the pressure of the lenticular vesicle. an antispasmodic and hypnotic.
Califor'nian Geysers, Cal. Very great variety of calolactose (kal-o-lak'toz). Trade name of an in-
mineral waters, 70° F. to 212° F. Used by testinal disinfectant composed of calomel, bis-
drinking and bathing in rheufeatism, gout, muth subnitrate, and sugar of milk.
arthritis, synovitis, tuberculous affections, cu- cal'omel [derivation uncertain.] HydrargjTi chlori-
taneous disorders, syphilis, hepatic and intestinal dum mite, colloid'al c, calomelol.
affections, malaria, anemia, glandular affections, cal'omelol. Colloidal calomel; a soluble compound
and many other diseases. of calomel with albumin, occurring as a grayish
Califor'nia Seltzer Springs, Cal. Alkaline-saline- powder; used for the same purposes and in the
calcic-carbonated waters, 57° F. Acid dys- same doses as calomel, and also as a dusting
pepsia, constipation, and cystitis. powder and in ointment.
caliga'tion. Caligo. ca'lor [L.] Heat; one of the four classical signs of
caligo (kal-i'go) [L. darkness.] Dimness of vision. inflammation: calor, rubor, tumor, dolor.
calisa'ya. Yellow cinchona, the bark of Cinchona calorescence (kal-or-es'ens). The heating to in-
f-ava. candescence of a body by the convergenc upon
Calisto'ga Springs, California. Saline-sulphureted it, by means of a lens, of the invisible heat rays.

waters, 75° F. to 186° F. Twenty or more calor'ic. ±. Relating to a calory. 2. Relating to

springs. Used by drinking and bathing in heat. 3. Heat.
rheumatism, syphilis, etc. calorie (kal'o-re). Calory.
ca'lix. Calyx. Calori's bur'sa (kah-law're) [Luigi Calori, Italian
Call'away'a proof [Thomas Callaway, English physi- anatomist, 1807-1896.] A bursa between the
cian, nineteenth century.] In dislocation of the arch of the aorta and the trachea.
humerus the measurement over the acromion and calorifacient (kal-or-I-fa'shent) [L. calor, heat, +
through the axilla is greater on the injured side. facere, to make.] Producing heat.
Calleja's islets (kahl-ya'hahz i'lets.) Groups of calorific [L. calor, heat, -I- facere, to make.] Calori-
pyramidal and stellate cells in the cortex of the facient. c. cen'ter, heat-center.
gyrus hippocampi. calorim'eter [L- calor, heat, +
G. meiron, measure.]
callisec'tion [L. callus, hard (insensitive), a + seciio, An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat
section.] Vivisection of an anesthetized animal; which a body gives off under varying conditions.
the opposite of sensisection. calorimetry (kal-or-im'e-trl). The measurement in
Callisen's operation (kal'-e-sen). [Heinrich CalUsen, calories of the amount of heat given off by a body
Danish surgeon, 1740-1824.] Lumbar colostomy under varying conditions.
in the descending colon for the formation of an calory (kal'o-re) [L. calor, heat.] The heat unit em-
artificial anus. ployed in the study of metabolism it is the amount
;

Call'ison's flu'ld [James G. Callison, New York of heat required to raise a kilogram of water from
physician, *i873.] A
diluting fluid for counting zero to 1° C. This is sometimes called the large
red blood cells, composed of Loeffler's alkaline calory or kilocalory, to distinguish it from the
methylene blue, i liquor f ormaldehydi,
; i original or small calory, which is the amount of
glycerin, 10; ammonium oxalate (neutral), j; heat necessary to raise one gram of water one
sodium chloride, 2.5; distilled water, 90. The degree Centigrade.
various ingredients are added to the distilled Calot's meth'od (ka-lo') [Francois Calot, French sur-
water and allowed to stand until solution occurs. geon of Berck-sur-Mer, *i86i.] Forcible reduc-
After being filtered, the preparation is ready to use. tion of the gibbosity in Pott's disease, by extension
callo'sal. Relating to the corpus callosum. and counterextension and direct pressure, and
callos'itas, callos'ity [L. callosus, thick-skinned,] retention of the spine in a straight position by
Callus, tyloma, keratoma, a circumscribed thick- means of a plaster jacket.
 CALOTROPIS ^SS CAMMIDGE REACTION
calot'Topis [G. kalos, beautiful, +tropis, keel of a ship.] ca'lyx, pi. cal'yces [G. the cup of a flower.] 1.
(B.A.) Mudar, yercum, the inner bark of the root The outer leaflets forming the perianthof a flower.
of Calotropis procera and C. giganiea, shrubs of ^. Infundibulum one of the branches or recesses
;

southern Asia; tonic and alterative in doses of gr. of the pelvis of the kidney into which the orifices
3-10 (o. 2-0.6), emetic in doses of 34~i (2. 0-4.0). of the Malpi'ghian pyramids project.
cal'ox. A dentifrice containing calcium peroxide. cam'biform. Resembling the cambium, noting the
cal'sa. Trade name of a preparation of agar-agar parenchymatous tissue on either side of the
employed in the treatment of constipation. cambium.
calum'ba (U.S.). Columbo, the dried root oljateor- cam'bium [L. exchange.] The layer of tissue be-
rhiza palmata, a tall climbing vine of East tween the wood and bark, which forms the
Africa; used as a bitter tonic in doses of gr. 15-60 secondary wood, or bast.
(i 0-4 o) in decoction.
. .
cambo'gia (U.S. and Br.). Gamboge, a, gum resin
cal'umbin. An amaroid, CjiHjjO,, from calumba, obtained from Garcinia hanhurii; purgative and
occurring in colorless needles and prisms; it is anthelmintic in doses of gr. ^5 (0.015-0.3).
upon the presence of this that the bitterness of c. in'dica (B.A.), Indian gamboge, the gum resin
the crude drug depends. from Garcinia morella; cathartic in doses of
calva'ria, gen. and pi. calvaries [L. a skull.] Skull- gr. i-2 (0.03-0.13).
cap; skull, craniimi. Camel'lia [G. J. Kamel, a Jesuit missonary in the
calva'rism. Relating to the skull-cap. u. hook, an East in the 1 7th century.] A genus of plants of
instrument used in prying oil the top of the skull tropical Asia, among the species of which are C.
after it has been sawn round, at autopsies and japonica, the cultivated camellia, and C. ihea or
dissections. C. theifera, the tea-plant; for the latter, see thea.
calva'rium. Calvaria. camen'thol. A mixture of menthol and camphor,
Calve-Perthes disease (kal-va'per'tas) [Jacques used by inhalation in respiratory affections.
Calvi, French orthopedic surgeon, contempor- camera (kam'e-rah) [L. a vault.] i. A closed box,
ary: Georg Clemens Perthes, German surgeon, especially one used to contain the lens and the
*i869.] liegg's disease, an obscure non- plates in photography. ^. In anatomy any
tuberculous affection of the hip-joint in young chamber or cavity, such as one of the cavities of
children; called also osteochondritis deformans the heart especially the fifth ventricle of the
;

juvenilis coxae. brain, or cavity of the septum pellucidum. c.

calvities (kal-vish'e-ez) [L calvus, bald.] Alopecia, oc'uli ante'rior, anterior chamber of the eye, the
baldness. space between the cornea and the iris, filled with a
cal'vity. Calvities. watery fluid (aqueous humor) and communicat-
calx, gen. cal'cis [L. limestone.] (U.S. and Br.) i. ing through the pupil with the posterior cham-
Lime, calcium oxide, an alkaline earth occurring ber, t. oc'uli poste'rior, posterior chamber of
in grayish-white masses (quicklime) which on the eye, the ring-like space (triangular on
exposure to the air become converted into a white section) between the iris and the crystalline lens,
;
' powder of calcitim hydrate and calcium carbonate filled with aqueous humor, c. sep'ti pellu'cidi,
(air-slaked lime) the addition of water to calcium
; cavum septi pellucidi [BNA].
.oxide produces calcium hydrate or slaked lime. Cam'erer's law. Two children of
2. [BNA], the heel. c. chlorina'ta (U.S. and but of the same
different ages,
Br.), chlorinated lime, incorrectly^ called "chlo- weight, have the same food
ride of lime," in white friable lumps or powder requirements.
made by the action of chlorine on calcium cami'ofen oint'ment. Trade
hydroxide; disinfectant and deodorant, c. sul- nameof an ointment of equal
phura'ta (Br.), sulphurated lime, oalcii sul- parts of iocamfen and an
phidum crudum (U.S.). c. us'ta, burnt lime, emollient base.
quicklime, caustic lime, unslaked lime. t. vi'va, camisole (kam'i-s5l) [Fr. from It.,
[L. vivus, living], c. usta. dim. of camisa, shirt.] A
calycine (kal'i-sin). Relating to, of the nature of, straight-jacket.
or resembling a calyx. Camm'ann's steth'oscope [George
calycle (kal'i-kl). Calyculus. Philip Cammann, New York
calyculus (k&-lik'u-lus) [L. dim. from G. calyx, physician, 1804-1863.] A
the cup of a flower.] Calycle; (i) in botany, an binaural stethoscope.
accessory calyx; (2) in anatomy a bud-shaped or Cammidge reac'tion (kam'ij) [P.
cup-shaped structure, resembling the closed J. Cammidge,
English physi-
calyx of a flower, c. gustato'rius, taste bud, cian, contemporary.] A reac-
one of a number of flask-shaped cell-nests tion obtained in the urine in
around the circumference of the vallate papillas cases of pancreatic disease; the
first reactions (A and B) pre-
in the tongue; they consist of supporting cells
and gustatory cells; the latter are found in the pared have been discarded and
center of the bud and terminate in fine fila- the test now employed is called
ments, the gustatory hairs. the C. reaction; this is ob-
tained as follows: (i) To Cammann's
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis (k^-lim'S-to- Binaural
bak-te'ri-um gran-u-lo'ma-tis) [G. kalymma, 40 c.c. of non-albuminous, Stethoscope.
hood, veil, + bakterion, rod, + granuloma.] A
non-saccharine 24-hour urine
Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-bearing, add 10 c.c. strong HCl boil for 10 minutes and add
;

distilled water to 40 c.c. (2) Add 8 gm. lead carbon-

eapsulated, rod-shaped organism (polymorphic
ate and filter. (3) Shake with 8 gm. tribasiclead
under cultivation), found in ulcerating granu-
acetate, and filter. (4) Add 4 gm. sodium sul-
loma of the pudenda and believed to be the
phate, and filter. (5) To 10 c.c. of filtrate add 7 c.c.
pathogenic agent in this affection.
A hood- distilled water, 0.8 gm. phenylhydrazin hydro-
calyptra (kS-lip'trah) [G. kalyptra, a veil.]
from chloride, 2 gm. sodium acetate, and i c.c. 50 per
like covering of the capsule of mosses, formed
cent, acetic acid; boil for 10 minutes, filter while
the ruptured venter of the archegonium.
CAMMIDGE REACTION IS6 CANAL

hot and make up to 15 c.c. with hot distilled cam"phoroma'nia [camphor + G. mania, frenzy.]
water. In case of disease of the pancreas, a light Camphor-addiction.
yellow flocculent precipitate is thrown down in a camphoroxol (kam-for-oks'ol). An antiseptic prepa-
few hours. ration of camphor with hydrogen dioxide.
cam'omile. Chamomile. campim'eter [L. campus, field, + G. meiron, meas-
Campani's test (kahm-pah'ne). For glucose: a ure.] An instrument for determining the field of
precipitate of red or orange color is formed by the vision.

addition of a mixture of solutions of acetate of camptocormia (kamp-to-kor'mi-ah) [G. kamptos,

copper and subacetate of lead to urine contain- bent, -I- kormos, trunk.] A deformity charac-
ing glucose. terized by habitual flexion of the trunk, the
Campanula'ceee. An order of gamopetalous dicoty- spine, however, not being rigid.
ledonous plants, which includes the bell-flower. camptodactylia, camptodactyly (kamp-to-dak-til'i-
Cam'per's ang'le [Petrus Camper, Dutch physician ah, kamp-to-dak'til-I) [G. kamptos, bent, +
and anatomist, 1722-1789.] Facial angle; the daktylos, finger.] A condition of permanent
angle made by lines from the external auditory flexion of one or both interphalangeal joints of
meatus and the nasal spine uniting between the one or more fingers, usually the Uttle finger.
middle upper incisor teeth. C.'s chiasm, Can'ada bal'sam. Terebinthina canadensis. C.
chiasma* tendinum. C.'s fas'cia, superficial hemp, apocynum. C. lin'iment, linimentum
layer of the superficial fascia of the abdomen. opii compositum. C. moon'seed, menispermum.
C.'s lig'ament, diaphragma* urogenitale. C.'s C. pitch, pix canadensis. C. snake'root, asarum.
line, the horizontal line forming C.'s angle. C. this'tle, Carduus arvensis. C. tur'pentine, C.
camp-fe'ver. Typhus* fever. balsam. C. yell'ow-root, hydrastis canadensis.
cam'phacol. A proprietary remedy for catarrhal canadine (kan'a-den). A white crystalline alkaloid,
affections of the respiratory and urinary organs, C211H21NO1, derived from hydrastis canadensis.
consisting of camphoric acid, formaldehyde, can'adol. A
fractional distillate from petroleum,
and guaiacol, dose gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). consisting chiefly of hexane.
camphene (kam'fen). i. Any hydrocarbon, espe- canal' [L. canalis^ Aduct or channel, = tubiilar
cially one solid at ordinary temperature, having structure. See also canalis. Arnold's c,
the formula CmHij. ,1. Purified oil of turpentine. Bichat's c, etc. see the proper names, abdom'-
camphe'nol. A mixture of camphor and phenol; inal c, canalis inguinalis. alimen'tary c, the
disinfectant. mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and in-
cam'phoid. A solution of camphor in collodion. testine, a'nal c, (i) a temporary opening in
cam'phol. Salol-camphor. the primitive anus; (2) pars analis recti [BNA],
campholyptus (kam-fo-lip'tus). A proprietary the terminal portion of the rectum, passing
remedy containing camphor and eucalyptus. through the pelvic floor from the upper level of
camphomen'thol. Menthol camphoratum (N.F.). the levatores ani muscles to the anal orifice,
camphor (kam'fur). 1. A solid, tough, crystalline, arte'rial c, ductus arteriosus, au'ditory c,
translucent substance, a ketone distilled from the meatus acusticus externus. blastopor'ic c, an
bark and wood of Cinnamomutn camphora, an opening marking the remains of the notochordal
evergreen tree of Southeastern Asia and the ad- canal, arach'noid t., Bichat's* canal, carot'id
joining islands; see camphora. 2. Any stearop- c, canalis caroticus. cerebrospi'nal c, neural
tene resembling this. Bor'neo c, borneol, c. cil'iary c., a tubular ring in the sclera around
camphyl alcohol, occurs in deposits in the wood of the margin of the iris, coch'lear t., canalis
Dryobalanops arom-aiica, a. tree of Borneo and spiralis cochleas. cra"mopharyn'geal c, a fetal
Sumatra, c. sal'icylate, a white powder, anti- canal leading from the pharynx to the hypophysis
septic and astringent; used in lupus, and inter- cerebri, cru'ral c, canalis femoralis. galactoph'
nally in diarrhea in doses of gr. 1—5 (0.06-0.3). orous c, one of the milk-bearing tubules in
monobro'mated c, camphora monobromata. the mamma, hy'aloid c, the central canal in
pulsatil'la c, anemonin. men'thol, campho-
c. the vitreous body, juice t., Recklinghausen's
menthol, menthol camphoratum (N.F.),a liquid c. lac'rymal c, na'sal c, nasolac'rymal c,
prepared by triturating equal parts of camphor canalis nasolacrimalis. neu'ral c, (i) a canal
and menthol; employed locally as an antiseptic formed by an upgrowth of folds of the ectoderm
and deodorant, and diluted as a spray in rhinitis on the surface of the embryonic axis in front of
and pharyngitis. the primitive streak; it is the rudiment of the
camphora (kam-fo'rah) [L.] (U. S. and Br.) Cam- cerebrospinal axis; (2) spinal canal, the canal
phor, " the dextrogyrate modification of the satu- of the vertebral column, containing the spinal
rated ketone obtained from Cinnamomum cam- cord, neurenter'ic c, notochordal c, an open
phora and purified by sublimation"; occurs in communication, in early fetal life, between the
tough, translucent, crystalline masses, evaporat- posterior portion of the medullary and the
ing slowly on exposure to the air, very slightly intestinal canals, notochor'dal c, neurenterio c.
soluble in water, but freely so in alcohol, ether, nu'trient c, Haversian* canal- partu'rient c, the
chloroform, and oils. Stimulant, carminative, cavity of the uterus and the vagina through which
expectorant, and diaphoretic in doses of gr. ^-3 the fetus passes, pel'vic c, the passage from the
(0.03-0.2). c. monobroma'ta (U. S.), monobro- superior to the inferior strait' of the pelvis.
mated camphor, occurs in colorless or white periyas'cular c, the lymph-space surrounding
needles and prisms or in glossy scales having a a blood vessel, pore c, an assumed opening in
faint odor of camphor; antispasmodic, soporific, the ovum through which the spermatozoon
and cardiac sedative, in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). gains entrance, pterygopalatine c, pharyngeal
camphora'ceous. Resembling camphor in appear- c. [BNA], a canal between the pterygoid process
ance or odor. of the sphenoid bone and the palate bone, giving
cam^phorated. Containing camphor. passage to a pharyngeal branch of the spheno-
cam'phorism. Camphor-poisoning, marked by gas- palatine ganglion and the pterygopalatine artery
troenteritis, coma or convulsions, and oth«r and vein, pulp c, root c. root c, the opening
cerebral symptoms. in the long axis of the root of a tooth, containing
CANAL 157 CANCELLI

the pulp, spi'ral c, cochlear c. spi'roid c, c. femora'lis [BNA], crural or femoral canal, the

aqueduct of Fallopius. tympan'ic c, canaliculus inner compartment of the femoral sheath.

tympanicus. ver'tebral c, (1) spinal canal; (2) c. hyaloid'eus [BNA], hyaloid canal, canal of Stil-
^

ling, a minute canal running through the vitreous from

the qanal for the passage of the vertebral artery,
the papilla of the optic nerve to the lens, containing in
formed by the foramina transversaria of the
fetal life a prolongation of the central artery of the
cervical vertebrae, vo'merine c, canalis basi- retina, the hyaloid artery.
pharyngeus [BNA]. c. hypoglos'si [BNA], hypoglossal canal, anterior
canalic'ular. Relating to a canaliculus. condyloid foramen of the occipital bone.
canallculization (k^-n3,-lik"u-li-za'shun). The for- c. incisi'vus [BNA], incisive or incisor canal, an-
mation of canaliculi, or small canals, in any tissue. terior palatine canal; the lower, single, portion of the
canalic'ulus [L. dim. from canalis, canal.] A foramen incisivum.
small canal or channel, auric'ular c, a canal t. infraorbita'lis, infraorbital canal; a canal running

opening on the outer wall of the jugular fossa, beneath the orbital margin of the maxilla from the
transmitting Arnold's nerve, the auricular branch infraorbital groove, in the floor of the orbit, to the
infraorbital foramen; it transmits the infraorbital
of the vagus, c. bilif'erus, bile-duct, ductus*
artery and nerve.
biliferus. c. carot"icotympan'icus, a small open-
c. inguina'lis, inguinal canal, transmitting the
ing, sometimes one of several, within the orifice spermatic cord in the male and the round ligament in
of the canalis caroticus which affords passage the female; it begins at the internal and terminates at
to branches of the internal carotid artery and the external abdominal ring.
carotid sympathetic plexus, c. denta'lis [BNA], c. mandib'ulse [BNA], mandibular canal, inferior
one of the minute tubules of the dentine radiat- dental canal, traversing the greater portion of the
body and ramus of the mandible between the mandibu-
ing more or less horizontally from the pulp cav-
lar and the mental foramina; it transmits the inferior
ity to the enamel (in the crown) or the cementumi dental vessels and nerves.
(in the root), c. innomina'tus, an occasional c. muscuIotuba''rius, a canal beginning at the
opening in the great wing of the sphenoid bone, anterior border of the petrous portion of the temporal
between the foramen spinosum and foramen bone near its junction with the squamous portion,
ovale, which transmits the small superficial and passing to the tympanum; it is divided by the
petrosal nerve, c. lacrima'lis, the canal lead- cochleariform process into two canals, one for the
Eustachian tube, the other for the tensor tympani
ing into the lacrymal sac from the punctum.
muscle.
c. mastoid'eus, a small canal transmitting a
c. nasolacrima'lis [BNA], nasolacrymal canal, nasal
twig from the vagus through the mastoid process. canal, lacrymal canal; a canal leading from the orbital
c. tympan'icus, a minute canal passing from the into the nasal cavity, containing the nasal duct.
floor of the tympanum to the lower surface of c. nutric'ius, nutrient canal, Haversian* canal.

the petrous portion of the temporal bone, trans- c. obturato'rius, an opening due to a defect in the

mitting the tympanic, or Jacobson's, nerve. upper part of the obturator membrane which closes the
obturator foramen.
cana'lis [L.] A canal or channel. c. palati'nus, one of two canals; one, the posterior
c. [BNA], Hunter's canal, a groove
adducto'rius Palatine or palatomaxillary canal, formed by the
between the tendon of origin of the vastus medialis apposition of two grooves in the palate and the max-
and the insertions of the adductor brevis, adductor illary bones; the other, the anterior palatine canal,
longus, and adductor magnus, converted into a canal formed by the apposition of grooves in the two maxillae
by the overlying sartorius; in it run the femoral just behind the alveolar processes.
vessels. c. pharynge'us [BNA], pharyngeal canal, pterygo-
canaries alveola'res [BNA], alveolar canals, posterior palatine canal, between the sphenoid and palate bones.
dental canals; canals in the body of the maxilla which c. pterygoid' eus, pterygoid canal, an opening through
transmit nerves and vessels to the molar teeth. the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone through
c. basipharynge'us [BNA], basipharyngeal canal, which pass the Vidian artery, vein, and nerve.
vomerine canal, an occasional opening between the c. pterygopalati'nus, pterygopalatine canal, pos-
vaginal process of the sphenoid and the ala of the terior palatine canal, formed from the sulcus pterygo-
vomer on either side. palatinus, which transmits the large palatine nerve
C. caroficus, carotid canal, a canal passing from and descending palatine vessels.
the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the tem- c. reu'niens, uniting canal, ductus reuniens [BNA].

poral bone upward, inwSrd, and forward to the apex c. semicircula'ris, semicircular canal, one of three

where it opens into the foramen lacerum; it trans- canals (named according to their position superior,
mits the internal carotid artery and a plexus of sym- posterior, and lateral or external) in the labyrinth of
pathetic nerve fibers. the ear, which form loops of about two-t irds of a
c. centra'Iis, central canal, a minute canal, usually circle; they open into the vestibule by five openings,
obliterated in the adult, running axially through the one aperture being the common' opening of one ex-
gray commissure of the spinal cord, the remains of the tremity of each of two canals.
embryonic medullary cavity. c. sacra'lis, the continuation of the spinal c. in the

c. chor'dEe tym'pani, iter chordae posterius, a

canal sacrum.
leading from the aqueduct of Fallopius to the tym- c. spina'Iis, spinal or neural canal, a canal formed by

panum, through which the chorda tympani nerve the spinal foramina of the contiguous vertebrse.
enters this cavity. c. spira'lis coch'leae, spiral canal of the cochlea,

c. condyloid'eus [BNA], condyloid canal,

posterior the winding tube which makes two and a half turns
condyloid foramen of the occipital bone. about the modiolus of the cochlea; it is divided in-
c. crura'Us, c. femoralis [BNA].
completely into two compartments, scala tympani and
cana'les denta'les, dental canals; the anterior and scala vestibuli, by a winding shelf of bone, the lamina
middle dental canals pass from the infraorbital canal spiralis ossea.

to the alveoli conveying vessels and nerves to the c. tar'seus, sinus tarsi [BNA].
incisor and bicuspid teeth; the posterior dental canals li. umbilica'lis, annulus umbilicalis [BNA].
pierce the posterior surface of the body of the maxilla
and convey vessels and nerves to the molar teeth; the
canalization (k3,-n3,-li-za'shun). The formation of
inferior dental canal is called canalis mandibulae. canals or channels in any tissue.
c. diplo'icus, diploic canal, can*l of
Breschet* can''ceUated [L. cancellare, to make a lattice- work.]
c. [BNA], facial canal, aqueduct of Fallo-
facia'lis Having a lattice-work structure, reticular.
pius, a canal from the superior surface of the petrous cancelli (kan-sel'le) [L, pi. of cancellus, a grating,
at
portion of the temporal bone to the under surface lattice.] The reticulations or cross lines form-
cavity of
the stylomastoid foramen, curving over the
nerve. ing the spongy tissue of bones.
the tympanum; it gives passage to the facial
I
CANCELLOUS iS8 CANNABISM

can'cellous. Cancellated, noting the reticular or can'cer-se'rum. A therapeutic serum, prepared in

spongy tissue of bone. the same manner as diphtheria antitoxic serum,
cancell'us. See cancelli. alleged to possess a curative action in cancer.
can'cer [L. a crab.] i. Any malignant neoplasm. Cancriamoe'ba macroglos'sa. A body, supposed to
2. Specifically, carcinoma* as distinguished from be an ameba, found in cancer and alleged to be
sarcoma, ac'inous c, c. arising from the epi- pathogenic of malignant growths.
thelium of the acini of the breast, ad'enoid c, cancriform (kang'kri-form). Resembling cancer.
tubular o., cylindroma, alve'olar u., colloid c. cancroid (kang'kroyd) [L. cancer + G. eidos, re-
semblance.] Cancriform. 2. A neoplasm,
c. k deux [Fr. deux, two], c. occurring nearly sim-
I.

ultaneously in two persons living together, u. like rodent ulcer, of a mild degree of malig-
aquat'icus, noma. c. atroph'icans, a scirrhus c. nancy.
in which the cancer cells are degenerated and the can'croin. A supposed antibody obtained from the
surrounding tissue atrophied and sclerosed, t. serum of cancerous subjects and recommended in
en cuirasse (on-kwe-rahs') [Fr. breastplate], an the treatment of malignant growths.
epitheliomatous growth involving the greater part can'crum cancer.]
[L, A gangrenous ulceration.
of one or both sides of the chest, chim'ney- c. gangrenous inflammation of the nasal
na'si,
sweep's c, an epithelioma of the scrotum, occur- mucous membrane, c. o'ris, noma,* gangrenous
ring in chimney-sweeps, believed to be caused by stomatitis.
irritation from soot, coll'oid c, a degenerating can'dicans [L. candicare, to be whitish.] One of the
carcinoma composed chiefly of colloid or glue-like corpora albicantia
matter, con'jugal c, c. h. deux occurring in man CandoUe', Augustin Pyramus de. Swiss botanist,
and wife, con'tact c, a secondary c. occurring (1778-1841), the founder of a system of botanical
in a part in close contact with a previous c. in the classification, a development of the nattiral or
same individual, der'moid t., a c. containing Jussieuan* system.
dermoid structures, islets of epithelium, hair, etc. canel'la (N.F.). White cinnamon, the bark of
duct, c, a c. developed from the epithelium of the Canella alba or C. winterana; an aromatic stimu-
mammary ducts, enceph'aloid c, a c. of very lant and carminative, in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6—
soft, brain-like consistency; medullary c. endo- 2.0).
the'lial t., endothelioma, epider'mal c, epithe- cane-sugar. Saccharose.
lioma, epithe'lial c, epithelioma, glan'dular c, canine (ka'nin) [L. caninus.'] i Relating to a dog.
.

adenocarcinoma, green c, chloroma. hard c, 2. Relating to the canine teeth. 3. A canine

scirrhous c. hem'atoid c, telangiectatic c. kan'- tooth, c. app'etite, bulimia, c. em'inence, a
gri c, see kangri. med'ullary c, a carcinoma in ridge on the anterior stirf ace of the superior max-
which the growth consists chiefly of cells, the illa corresponding to the socket of the canine tooth.
stroma being scarcely noticeable, melanot'ic c, c. foss'a, a depression on the superior maxilla,
a form of encephaloid c, in which the cells contain external to the c. eminence, u. muscle, musculus*
melanin, mouse c, Jensen tumor, a malignant caninus [BNA], levator anguli oris. c. prom'-
growth in mice which is inoculable and more or inence, c. eminence, c. tooth, one of the four sharp-
less contagious scir'rhous i;., scirrhus, a car- pointed teeth, two in each jaw, between the in-
cinoma in which there is an abundant fibrous cisors and the premolar teeth.
stroma compressing the cells, soft c, encepha- canin'iform. Resembling a canine tooth.
loid c. spider c, telangiectasis, telangiectat'lc canities (kan-ish'e-ez) [L. canus, hoary, gray.]
c, an encephaloid c. filled with cavities containing Grayness of the hair.
blood, tu'bular c, cylindroma, duct i;. canker (kang'ker) [L. cancer.] 1 Aphthous stoma-
.

cancera'tion. A change to malignancy, said of a titis. 2. Noma. 3. A morbid secretion of the sen-
previously benign tumor. sitive frog and sole of the horse, involving also
cancer-bodies (kan'sur-bod'iz). Hyaline bodies; the corresponding insensitive parts.
small bodies of various shapes and sizes found in cank'er-root. Coptis.
and around the cells in a cancerous growth, re- canna (kan'ah) [L. a reed.] One of the bones of
garded by some as parasitic and of etiological the leg, either l. ma'jor, tibia, or t. mi'nor,
by others as degenerative changes or
significance, fibula.
simple cell inclusions. cannabene (kan'3,-ben). A hydrocarbon obtained
can'cer-house. A
house in which several deaths from cannabis indica.
from cancer have occurred, believed by some to cannabin (kan'S-bin). A resinoid of greenish-black
be infected with the contagium of malignant color, obtained from caimabis indica; used in
disease. hysteria, neuralgia, delirium tremens, and in-
cancerine (kan'sur-en). A ptomaine which has somnia in doses of gr. J— i (0.015-0.06).
been found in the urine in cases of cancer. cannabin'don. A dark red syrupy liquid from can-
can'cerism. A hypothetical tendency to the devel- nabis indica; hypnotic in doses of iffii-i
opment of malignant disease. (0.015-0.06).
canceroderm (kan'sur-o-durm [L. cancer + G. cannabine (kan'S-bSn). An alkaloidal substance
derma, skin.] De Morgan's spots; telangiectatic from cannabis indica; hypnotic in doses of gr. 1-3
areas on the skin of the chest and abdomen, some- (0.06-0.2).
times seen in cases of cancer. cannab'inon. A balsamic resin from cannabis indica;
canceromyces (kan-sur-o-mi'sSz). An organism, hypnotic in doses of gr. i-ij (0.03-0,1).
apparently intermediate between a mycete and a can'nabis (U.S.), can'nabis in'dica (Br.). Indian
mould, regarded by Niessen as pathogenic for hernp, hashish, the dried flowering tops of the
cancer. pistillate plants of Cannabis sativa, gathered be-
cancerophobia (kan-sur-o-fo'bl-ah) [L. cancer + G. fore the fruits are developed; narcotic, sedative-
phobos, fear.] A morbid apprehension of acquir- analgesic, and aphrodisiac. An extract, fluid,
ing a malignant growth. extract, and tincture are official in the U.S.P.,
can'cerous. Relating to or suffering from a malig- an extract and tincture in the B.P.
nant growth. cannabism (kan'a-bizm). Poisoning
cancer -root. Conopholis americana. by Indian
hemp, hashish intoxication.
Cajnjnon-bone, 159 CAPITELLUM
cann'on-bone, can'on-bone. The middle or large other species of Hevea, known in commerce as pure
metacarpal or metatarsal bone of a horse or Para rubber. Used in the manufacture of various
other hoofed quadruped the shank-bone, or bone
;
plasters, tissues, bandages, etc.
above the fetlock in the fore or hind leg. cap [A.S. cceppan.] t To cover a part, especially
cann'ula [L. dim. of canna, reed.] A tube which is its extremity or top; specifically, in dentistry,
inserted into a cavity by means of a trocar filling to cover an exposed pulp with an antiseptic paste
its lumen; after insertion the trocar is withdrawn or cement to prevent pressure from a filling. .1.
leaving the cannula as a channel for the escape of Cover of the pulp of a tooth protecting it from
fluid in the cavity, perfu'sion c, a double-bar- the filling. 3. The first portion of the duodenum,
reled c. used for irrigation of a cavity, the wash pileus ventriculi.
fluid passing into the cavity through one tube and capacity (ka-pas'I-tl) [L. capax, able to contain;
out through the other. capere, to take.] 1. The potential cubic contents
Canquoin's paste (kahh-kwan') [Alexandre CoMgaoin, of a cavity or receptacle, a. Ability, power to do.
Parisian physician, 1795-1881.] A cancer paste breath'ing c, respiratory c. cra'nial c, the cubic
made in four strengths of 1 part of zinc chloride content of the skull; obtained by determining the
to 2, 3, 4, and 5 parts of wheat flour moistened cubage of small shot, seeds, or beads required to
with water. fill the-skull. respi'ratory c, (i) the amount of
Cantani's di'et (kahn-tah'ne) [Amoldo Cantani, air which can be drawn into the lungs by deep
Italian physician of Bohemian birth, 1837-1893.] inhalation; (2) the absorptive power of the blood
An exclusively meat diet in diabetes mellitus. as regards oxygen and carbonic acid, the one
can'thal. Relating to a canthus. taken from the air, the other from the tissues the ;

cauthar'idal. Relating to or containing cantharides. capability of the blood for gaseous exchange.
canthar'idate. A salt of cantharidic acid with an ther'mal c, the amount of heat absorbed by a
alkali. body in being raised i ° C. in temperature, vi'tal
cantharides (kan-thar'i-dez). Plural of cantharis. t., respiratory c. (i).
cantharid'ic acid. An acid, CijHuOj, derived from capeline (kap'e-lin). A
bandage covering the head
cantharis which forms salts, cantharidates, with or an amputation stump.
alkalies. ca'per. The bud of a plant, Capparis spinosa, used
canthar'idin. The active principle of cantharis, the as a pickle or condiment.
anhydride of cantharidic acid, CioHuOj. capiltaire (ka-pl-lair') [Fr. maidenhair fern.] A
cantharidism (kan-thar'i-dizm). Poisoning by can- syrup made from maidenhair fern, Adiantum
tharis. capillus-veneris, used for coughs.
can'tharis, gen. canthar'idis, pi. canthar'ides [G capiUarectasia (kap"i-lar-ek-ta'sl-ah) [capillary +
kantharis, a beetle.] (U.S. and Br.) Cantharides, G. ektasis, extension.] Dilatation of the capillary
Spanish fly, a dried beetle, Cantharis vesicatoria; blood-vessels.
employed internally as a diuretic and in the treat- capillaritis (kap-il-ar-i'(e')tis). Telangiitis.
ment of certain scaly skin diseases in doses of gr. cap'illary [L. capillaris, relating to hair.] x.

^—J (0.015—0.03): externally as a counterirri- Relating to hair. ^. Very fine and hair-like.
tant and vesicatory. 3. One of the microscopic blood-vessels forming
canthec'tomy [G. kanthos, canthus, + ektome, the capillary system intermediate between the
excision.] Kxcision of a canthus. arteries and the veins. 4. Relating to a capillary
canthitis (kan-thi'(the')tis) [G. kanthos, canthus, -I- vessel, c. arte'riole, a minute artery which ter-
-itis.l Inflammation of a canthus. minates in a capillary, c. bronchi'tis, inflammation
cantholysis (kan-thol'i-sis) [G. kanthos, canthus, + of the lining membrane of the terminal bronchial
lysis, loosening.] Incision of the canthus to tubes, t. lake, the total mass of blood contained
widen the slit between the lids, canthoplasty (i). in the capillary vessels, c. vein, a venous radical
canthoplasty (kan'tho-plas-tl) [G. kanthos, canthus, or venule commencing from the capillaries.
-)-
flasso, I form.] i. An operation tor lengthen- lymph-c, the beginning of a lymphatic vessel,
ing the palpebral fissure by cutting through the arising from a lymph-space; it is larger than the
external canthus. 2. An operation for restora- vessel with which it is continuous.
tion of the canthus in case of pathological or capill'iculture [L. capillus, hair,
-t- cultura, culture.]

traumatic defect. The careof the hair; treatment of baldness or

canthorrhaphy (kan-thor'S-fl) [G. kanthos, canthus, other diseases of the hair.
+ rhaphe, seam.] Suture of the eyelids at either capiUitium (ka.-pK-lish'!-um) [L. the hair.] net- A
canthus; canthoplasty (2). work of protoplasmic threads in the spore
canthot'omy [G. kanthos, canthus, -I- tome, incision.] capsule of Myxomycetes, the function of which is
Slitting of the canthus, cantholysis, cantho- to break up the spore masses.
plasty (i). capil'lus, gen. and pi. capil'li [L. hair.] [BNA]. A
can'thus [G. Commissura palpebrarum
kanthos.'\ hair of the head.
[BNA]. Either extremity of the rima palpebrarum cap'ital [L. capitalis, relating to the caput, head.]
or slit between the eyelids; the two are called I. Chief, most important. 2. Endangering the
inner, internal, or nasal c. and outer, external, or health or the life of the individual, t. opera'tion,
temporal c, or medial and lateral palpebral com- an operation of such magnitude or involving
missures respectively. vital organs to such an extent that it is per se
can'tus gal'li [L. cock-crow.] Laryngismus stridulus. dangerous to life.
cap'itate [L. caput(capit-), head,] i. Head-shaped,
canula. An incorrect spelling of cannula.
canutillo (kan-00-te'yo) [Sp.] Ephedra anti- having a rounded extremity. 2. Noting a
syphilitica. hemispherical surface elevation of a bacterial
CaO. Calx, calcium monoxide, quicklime. culture; see cut under culture. A, 5. c. bone,

CaOC. Abbreviation for cathodal, or negative OS* capitatum, os magnum.

pole, opening contraction. capitel'lum [L. dim. of caput, head.] A small head
(koo'chook) [S. A. Indian, cahuchu:] or rounded extremity. Specifically the outer
caoutchouc
(Br.) Elastica (U.S.), India rubber the prepared
;
condyle at the lower extremity of the humerus,
inspissated milky jviice of Hevea brasiliensis and radial head of the humenis, a rounded eminence
 CAPITELLUM 160 CAPSULE

articulating with the upper surface of the head of pastoris; employed in eclectic practice in menor-
the radius, capitulum humeri [BNA]. rhagia, urinary disorders, hemorrhoids, diarrhea,
capitoped'al [L. caput, head, + pes(ped-), foot.] and atonic dyspepsia in doses of 5 to 10 drops of
Relating to the head and the feet. the specific preparation of an ounce to the ounce
capit'ular. Relating to a, capitulum. c. articula'- of alcohol.
tions or joints [BNA], articulations between the cap'sicin. A
yellowish-red oleoresin containing the
heads of the ribs and the vertebrae. active principle of capsicum.
capit'ulum [L. dim. of caput, head.] r. A small cap'sicol. A
red oily liquid from capsicum.
head or rounded articular extremity of a bone. cap'sicum (U.S.), cap'sici fruc'tus (Br.). The
2. In botany, an inflorescence of sessile flowers dried ripe fruit of Capsicum fastigiaium; Cayenne^,
crowded together into a common head. u. African, or red pepper; carminative and stimu-
cos'tee [BNA], the head of a rib articulating by lant, in doses of gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3); externally
two facets with the bodies of two contiguous rubefacient.
vertebrae, c. flb'ulae, head or upper extremity capsitis (kap-si'(se')tis). Capsulitis of the crystal-
of the fibula, which articulates by a facet with line lens.
the under surface of the external condyle of the capsot'omy. Capsulotomy, incision through Tenon's
tibia, c. hu'meri [BNA], small or radial head, capsule.
capitellum, of the humerus, c. mall'ei, the cap'sula, gen. and pi. cap'sulce [L. dim. of Capsa, a
head of the malleus articulating with the body chest or box.] A
capsule in any sense. Speci-
of the incus, c. mandib'ulae [BNA], head of the fically the internal capsule, capsula"" interna.
mandible, condyle of the lower jaw. c. ra'dii, head c. adipo'sa [BNA], the perirenal fat. c.articula'-
of the radius, the disc-shaped upper extremity ris, joint-capsule; a fibrous sac, with synovial
articulating with the capitellum, or capitulum, lining, enclosing a joint, c. exter'na, external
of the humerus, c. sta'pedis [BNA], the head capsule, a thin lamina of white substance sepa-
of the stapes which articulates with the lenticu- rating the claustrum from the putamen or
lar process of the incus, c. ul'ns, head or lower lateral portion of the lenticular nucleus; it
extremity of the ulna. joins the internal capsule at either extremity
Ca3(P04)2. Neutral phosphate of lime, tricalcic of the putamen, forming a capsule of white mat-
phosphate, bone phosphate. ter of the lenticular nucleus, c. fibro'sa hep'atis,
Capon Springs, W. Va. Light alkaline-calcic Glisson's capsule, a thin layer of connective tissue
waters, 66° F. Used by drinking and bathing surrounding the structures in the porta hepatis
in acid dyspepsia, gastric catarrh, and urinary and forming a layer on the surface of the liver
disorders. t. glomer'uU, Bowman's capsule, Malpighian cap-
capp'ing. In dentistry the substance used to cap sule, the expanded beginning of a small tubule
the exposed pulp of a tooth. surrounding a tuft of capillary vessels, the two
cap'rate. A
salt of capric acid. constituting a Malpighian corpuscle, c. inter'na,
caprenalin (kS-pren'al-in). Trade name of a supra- internal capsule, a layer of white substances
renal extract; hemostatic and vasocon stricter. separating the caudate nucleus and thalamus
cap'reolary, cap'reolate [L. capreolus, a tendril.] from the lentictilar nucleus (thalamic region)
Spiral, tendril-shaped, c. vess'els, spermatic and also the hypothalamus from, the lenticular
vessels. . nucleus {subthalamic region) it consists of two
—
;

cap'ric acid [L. caper, a goat.] A

crystalline acid, limbs an anterior (pars frontalis [BNA]) and
CijHjjOj, found in goats' milk and cows' mil6
and other substances; it has a more or less pro-
H posterior (pars occipitalis [BNA]) — which join
at an obtuse angle (genu or knee of the internal
nounced goat-like odor. capsvile) opening laterally (externally) in the
Caprifolia'ceae. An order of gamopetalous di- horizontal plane; it joins the external capsule in
cotyledonous plants the flower has an ovary with
; front of and behind the putamen, thus forming
2 to 5 locules, ovules suspended, stamens the a white *capsule of the lenticular nucleus, c.
5 ;

fruit is a berry. len'tls [BNA], crystalline capsule, capsule of the

capriloquism (ka-pril'o-kwizm) [L. caper, goat, + crystalline lens. c. nu'clei denta'ti [BNA], a
loqui, to speak.] Egophony. corrugated lamina of gray matter enclosing the
cap'rin. A caprate of found in butter, and
glyceryl, central white substance of the nucleus dentatus.
one of the substances upon which the flavor of cap'sular. Relating to any capsule.
that substance depends. capsula'tion. Enclosure in a capsvde.
cap'rizant. Bounding, leaping, noting a form of capsule (kap'sul) [L. capsula.] i. A
membranous
pulse-beat. structure enveloping an organ or any other part,
cap'roate. A salt of caproic acid. or a joint, or a tumor.- 2. An anatomical struc-
capro'ic acid [L. caper, a goat.] A
colorless oily ture resembling a capsule or envelope, such as the
fluid, CjHjjOj, found in butter and some other
3. A
internal capsule, suprarenal capsule, etc.
substances. small sac or case of gelatin or other soluble mate-
cap'roiu. A caproate of glyceryl, found with rial used to enclose powders or other drugs of dis-
caprone, caprin, and butyrin in butter.
cap'rone. A compound of caproic acid, an oily
agreeable taste. 4. A
shallow tray or dish used
for holding staining solutions or other fluids in
fluid in butter, one of the substances upon which histological and bacteriological work, ad'ipose
the flavor of this substance depends. c, the perirenal fat. atrabll'iary c, glandula
cap'royl. The radicle of caproic acid, C,H,iO. suprarenalis. au'ditory c, the rudiment, in the
caproylamine (kap-ro-il'am-in). A ptomaine from embryo, of the auricle of the ear. ctys'talUne c,
codliver oil. u. of the crystalline lens, exter'nal c, capsula
cap'rylate. A salt of caprylic acid. externa, eye c, Tenon's* c. inter'nal c, capsula
capryl'ic acid. A
fatty acid, C,Hi,Oj, in butter interna, joint c, capsula articularis. lentic'-
and other substances. ular c, crystalline c. na'sal c, the rudiment of
cap'rylin. A caprylate of glyceryl. the nose in the embryo, op'tlc c, the rudiment of
capsell'a [L. dim. of capsa, o, box.] Shepherd's the eye in the embryo, suprare'nal c, glandula"*
purse, herba capsellae; the dried herb Bursa suprarenalis. syno'vial t., capsula articularis.
 .

CAPSULITIS i6i CARBON

Inflammation of the
capsulitis (cap-su-li'(le')tis). a supernumerary cuspid (though not on the
capsule of an cjrgan or part, as of the liver or grinding surface), found occasionally on the
crystalline lens, hepat'ic c, perihepatitis. c lingual surface of one or more of the molar
of the lab'yrinth, otosclerosis. teeth.
capsulorrhaphy (kap-su-lor'a.-fl) [L. capsula, capsule, carapa'ta disease. A
disease of the Zambesi basin,
+ G. rhaphe, a sewing.] Suture of a tear in any possibly a form of trypanosomiasis or a relapsing
capsule: specifically, suture of a joint capsule to fever, transmitted by the bite of " tick, Orni-
prevent recurring dislocation of the articulation. thodorus moubata.
capsulotome (kap'su-lo-tom). An instrument for car'away. Carum.
incising a capsule, especially one for cutting the car'bamate. A
salt of carbamic acid.
capsule of the crystalline lens in a cataract opera- carbam'ic. Relating to the amide of carbonic acid.
tion. t. acid, a hypothetical acid, CH5NO2, forming
capsulot'omy. Incision through a capsule, specific- carbamates.
ally through the capsule of the lens in a cataract carbamide (kar'bS-mid, kar'bS-mid) [carb(,on) +
operation. amide.] Urea or one of its derivatives.
cap'tol. Tannochloral trade name for a compound
; carbaz'otate. Picrate.
of chloral hydrate and tannin; astringent and carbazot'ic acid [carbon +
azote, nitrogen.] Picric*
parasiticide. acid.
Cap'uron's points. The iliopectineal eminences carbenzyme (kar'ben-zim). Trade name of a mix-
and the sacroiliac joints, constituting four fixed ture of trypsin and charcoal recommended as a
points in the pelvic inlet. digestant and remover of dead tissue especially
caput (cap'ut) gen. co^'ifw, pi. eo^'t/a [L.] i. The
,
tuberculous tissue about to disintegrate.
head. 2. Any head, or expanded or rounded ex- carbide (kar'bid) . A
compound of carbon (not an
tremity of an organ or other anatomical struc- oxide of carbon) with one of the elements,
ture, c. co'll, cecum, c. cor'nus, the head or especially with a metal.
thickened portion of each gray column or cornu. car'binol. Methyl alcohol.
anterior and posterior, of the spinal cord, c, car'bo [L. coal.] Charcoal, c. anima'Us, animal
f em'oris, head of the femur, hemispherical articu- charcoal, bone-black, ivory-black; prepared by
lar surface at the upper extremity of the femur, baking bone. c. anima'lis purifica'tus, purified
which fits into the acetabulum to form the hip- animal charcoal; used in pharmaceutical proc-
joint, c. gallinaginis (gal-lin-aj'in-is) [L. snipe's esses, c. lig'ni (U.S. and Br.), charcoal, wood

head], coUiculus* seminalis. c. hu'meri, head of charcoal, a fine black powder; disinfectant and
the humerus, the upper rounded extremity fit- deodorant, employed internally in gastric fer-
ting into the glenoid cavity of the scapula. 1;. mentation in doses of gr. 5—60 (0 3—4 o) . .

medu'sse [Medusa, a mythological character carbohe'mia, carbohae'mia. Imperfect depuration

whose hair was transformed into serpents], a coil of the blood, incomplete elimination of carbon
of varicose veins on the surface of the abdomen, dioxide.
surrounding the umbilicus, due to obstruction carbohemoglobin (kar"bo-hem-o-glo'bin). Hemo-
of the portal circulation in the liver, c. mor'- globin when in union with carbon dioxide.
tuum, impure ferrous oxide left after the ignition carbohydrate (kar-bo-hi'drat) [carbon + G. hydor,
of iron pyrites, c. nu'clei cauda'ti [BNA]; the water.] A
substance containing carbon, hydro-
head or anterior extremity of the caudate nucleus gen, and oxygen, the two latter in the proportion
projecting into the anterior horn of the lateral to form water, HsO; the sugars, starches, and
obsHpus, awry], cellulose belong to the class of carbohydrates.
ventricle, c. obsti'pum [L.
proge'neum [G. pro, before, -|- carbohydratu'ria. Glycosuria, mellituria.
torticollis, c.
geneion, chin], marked forward
projection of car'bolate. ±. A
salt of carbolic acid. ^. To car-
bolize.
the jaw, prognathism, c. quadra'tum, a head
carbolfuchsin (kar"bol-fook'sin). Ziehl's solution;
of large size and square shape, owing to thick-
a stain for use in histology composed of a mixture
ened parietal and frontal eminences, seen in
of one part of a 10 per cent, alcoholic solution
rachitic children, c. succeda'neum [L. succed-
of fuchsin and 9 parts of a 5 per cent, aqueous
aneus, following, substituting], an edematous
solution of carbolic acid.
swelling formed on the presenting portion of the
c. ta'li [BNA],
carbol'ic [L. carbo, coal, -t- oleum, oil.] Relating
scalp of an infant during birth,
to phenic or carbolic acid, or phenol, t. acid,
the head, or anterior portion, of the astragalus.
Capvem, France (kap-vem'). Alkaline waters, phenol, cam'phorated c
acid, a liquid mixture

Used by drinking and of phenol 12, camphor 4, water i; employed as

77° F. Two
springs.
bathing in catarrhal conditions, gallstones, gravel, a local anesthetic and for the relief of toothache.
c. fuch'sin, Ziehl's solution, carbolfuchsin.*
gout, hepatic disorders, rheumatism, neuritis, and
c. oil, carbolized oil, a. solution of phenol, 1, in
women's diseases, May to October.
olive oil, 19; employed as an application to
caraate (ka.-rah-ah'ta) Pinta..

Sodic-mag- burns.
Carabafia, Spain (kah-rah-bah'nyah).
car'bolize. To mix with or add carbolic acid, or
nesic-sulphated saline waters. Used internally
phenol.
and externally in gastric, hepatic, and intestinal car"bolly'soform. A per cent, solution of phenol
3
disorders accompanied with constipatio.i.
in lysoform.
car'agheen. Carrageen, Irish moss.
carbolu'ria [G- ouron, urine.] The passage of
caramel (kar'ah-mel) [L. calamellus, sugar cane(?).] phenol in the urine.
(N.P.) Saccharum ustum, burnt sugar; a con- carbolxylene (kar-bol-zi'len). A mixture of carbolic
centrated solution of the substance obtained by acid, I part, and xylene, 3 parts.
heating sugar with an alkali, a thick dark brown carbom'etry. Carbonometry.
liquid, employed as a coloring and flavoring
car'bon [L. carbo, coal.] A non-metallic tetrad ele-
agent in pharmaceutical preparations. ment, symbol C, atomic weight 12. It occurs in
Carabelli tubercle (kah-rah-bel'le tu'bur-kl) [Georg two forms; the diamond and graphite, and also
C. Carabelli, Edler v. Lunkaszprie, Vienna den- occurs in impure form in charcoal, coke, and
tist, 1787-1842.] A small tubercle, resembling
II
 CARBON 162 CARCOMA

soot. found in all living tissues, and the

It is carcinoid (kar'sin-oyd) [carcinoma + G. eidos, re-
study of vast number of compounds constitutes
its semblance.] An epithelial tumor presenting the
organic chemistry, c. bisul'phide, carbonei picture of a very malignant carcinoma, but fol-
disulphidum. c. diox'ide, COj, the product of lowing clinically a rather benign course.
the combustion of carbon with a free supply of carcinolytic (kar"sin-o-lit'ik) [carcinoma + G.
air; carbonic acid gas. c. diox'ide snow, see snow. lytikos, causing a solution.] Destructive to the
c. disul'phide, carbonei disulphidum. c. monox'- cells of carcinoma.
ide, CO, formed by the combustion of carbon carcino'ma, pi. carcino'maia, carci-no'mas [G.
with a limited supply of air, a colorless, odorless, karkinos, crab, cancer.] Cancer (in its limited
and poisonous gas, its toxic action being due to sense), a malignant new growth of epitheHal or
its strong affinity for hemoglobin; it was used gland cells infiltrating the surrounding tissues.
by the Germans in the world war as an as- c. alveola 're, colloid cancer.* c. basocellula're,
phyxiating gas. ti. tetrachlo'ride, tetrachlor- basal-cell c, rodent ulcer; a superficial gland- like
methane, CCli; a transparent colorless liquid, tumor of the skin of relatively slight malig-
used as a cleansing fluid and as a local anesthetic. nancy; it appears as a fungoid tumor or ulcer
car'bonate. A salt of carbonic acid. of the skin of the face or breast; it originates
carbo'nei disul'phidum, carbo'nis bisul'phidum from the Malpighian basal layer, c. colloid'es,
(Br.). Carbon bisulphide or disulphide, CS2; a colloid cancer.* t. cuta'neum, epithelioma, ro-
colorless liquid of a characteristic ethereal odor, dent ulcer, c. cylindromato'sum, a cancer
fetid when impure; is parasiticide and has been composed chiefly of cylindrical cells,
du'- t.
used by inhalation in phthisis, but is seldom rum, hard cancer, scirrhous cancer.* c.
employed other than as a solvent. encephaloid'es, encephaloid cancer, medullary
carbone'mia, carbonee'inia. Carbohemia. cancer.* c. epithelioid'es, epitheUoma. c. fibro'-
carbo'neum. Carbon. sum, scirrhous cancer.* c. gelatino'sum, colloid
carbon'ic. Relating to carbon, u. acid, an acid cancer.* c. gigantocellula're, a mahgnant growth
formed by the union of carbon dioxide and containing many giant cells, c. glandula're,
water, HjCOj. c. acid gas, u. anhy'dride, carbon adenocarcinoma, c. hsemato'des, a form of
dioxide, c. ox'ide, carbon monoxide. medullary cancer in which there is an excessive
carbo'nis bisul'phidum (Br.). Carbonei disulphidum. formation of large blood-vessels, u. hyali'num,
carboni'trogen constitti'tion. In homeopathy, one colloid cancer.* c. lenticula're, a form of c.
of von Grauvogel's three constitutional groups, tuberosum, or scirrhous cancer of the skin, with
the one in which there is too slow an oxidation of flattened bean-shaped nodules, c. medulla're,
the blood, anoxemia. medullary cancer, one in which the growth con-
car'bonize. To char. sists almost entirely of cells, the fibrous stroma
carbonom'eter [L. carbo{carbon-), coal, + G. meiron, being very small in amount, c. melano'des, c.
measure.] A device for determining the pro- melanot'icum, melanotic cancer.* c. mol'le,
portion of carbon dioxide in the air or ex- medullary cancer.* t. mucip'arum, c.muco'sum,
pired breath by the precipitation of calcium colloid cancer.* u. myxomato'des, a form of
carbonate from lime water. colloid cancer in which the original fibrous
carbonom'etry. The determination of the presence stroma has undergone myxomatous metaplasia.
and the proportion of carbonic dioxide by means c. ni'grum, melanotic cancer.* c. ossificans, c.
of the carbonometer. in which there is a more or less extensive forma-
carTbonyl. The characterizing group (CO) of the tion of bony tissue, c. osteoid'es, c. -ossificans.
ketones. c. reticula're, scirrhous cancer.*
c. sarcomato'-
carborun'dum. Carbide of silicon, SiC, a sub- des, a tumor with transitional characters, a c.
stance of extreme hardness used for polishing in apparently assuming the sarcomatous type.
place of emery. scirrho'sum, scirrhus.
c. c. scro'ti, cancer of the
carbosa'pol. A 50 per cent, carbolic-acid soap. scrotum, chimney-sweeps' cancer.* c. sim'plex,
carboxyhemoglobin (kar-bok"si-hem-o-g1o'bin). The one in which the relative proportions of the cells
compound formed by carbon monoxide with and the stroma are, so to say, normal, neither
the hemoglobin in poisoning by that gas. element preponderating, c. spongio'sum, en-
carbox'yl. The characterizing group (COOH) of cephaloid cancer, medullary c. c. tubero'sum,
certain organic acids. a. cancerous growth of
the subcutaneous tissues
carbuncle, carbunculus (kar'bung-ld, kar-bun'ku- marked by the presence of numerous hard nodules
lus) [L. dim. of carbo, a live coal.] i. A phleg- c. viUo'sum, malignant papilloma,
hair-ma'trix
monous i nflammation of the skin and subcutane- c, basal-cell u., a form of superficial rodent
ous tissues, similar to that of a furuncle but much ulcer, extending widely but not deeply.
more extensive; it is usually attended with great carcino'matoid [carcinoma + eidos, appearance.]
systemic depression, and may be fatal. 2. A Resembling a carcinoma.
reddish protuberance on the face, seen in alcoholic carcinomatophobia (kar-si(-no"ma-to-fo'bi[-ah) [car-
subjects; a whelk. cinoma + G. phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of
carbun'cular. Relating to a carbuncle. getting a cancer.
carbunculo'sis. A condition marked by the occur- carcinomato'sis. The occurrence of multiple car-
rence of several carbuncles in rapid succession. cinomata; carcinosis.
car'buret. Carbide. carcino'matouB. Relating to carcinoma.
Carcassonne's lig'ament (kar-kS-sun') [Bernard carcinomelcosis (kar'sin-o-mel-ko'sis). Carcinel-
Gauderic Carcassonne, French surgeon, *i728.] cosis.
The deep perineal fascia. carcino'sls. A
1. generalization
cancerous of
carcinelcosis (kar"sin-el-ko'sis) [G. karkinos, cancer, growths; the occurrence of miUtiple
Rodent ulcer; an ul- carcinomata,
-f helkosis, ulceration.] oarcmomatosis. 2. A tendency to carcinoma,
cerating cancer, shown by the appearance of a new
carcinogenesis (kar-sin-o-jen'e-sis)
cancerous
[G. karkinos, growth, not a local recurrence, after
operative
cancer, -f- genesis, generation,] The origin or removal of a previous cancer
production of cancer. carcoma (kar-ko'mah) [Sp. wood
dust under the
CARCOMA 163 CARDIOPULMONARY

bark of a, tree, caused by the wood-louse.] car'diogram [G. kardia, heart, + gramma, a dia-
Mahogany-colored granules found in the feces gram.] The graphic curve made by the stylet
in tropical regions; it gives the reaction of of a cardiograph. °
urobilinogen and is composed of calcium oxide, car'diograph [G. kardia, heart, + grapho, I write.]
iron, phosphoric and carbonic acids, urobilinogen, An instrument for recording graphically the
cholerythrogen, and organic matter in varying movements of the heart, constructed on the
proportions. principle of the sphygmograph.
cardamo'mi se'men (U.S.), cardamo'mi sem'ina cardiohepat^ic [G. kardia, heart, -f hepar{hepai-),
(Br.). Cardamom, cardamom seeds, the dried liver.] Relating to the heart and the liver.
ripe fruit of Eletiaria repefis, a seedy plant of cardioinhibitory (kar"di-o-in-hib'I-to-rI). Arresting
India and Ceylon; aromatic carminative, in or slowing the action of the heart.
doses of gr. 3-1S (0.2-1.0). cardiokinet'ic [G. kardia, heart,' -I- kinesis, move-
Cardarelli's symp'tom (kar-dah-rel'le) [Antonio ment.] Influencing the action of the heart.
Cardarelli, Italian physician, contemporary.] car'diolith [G. kardia, heart, 4^ lithos, stone.] A
Tracheal* tugging. concretion in the heart, or an area of calcareous
Car'den's amputa'tion [Henry Douglas Garden, degeneration in its walls or valves.
English surgeon, fiSya.] Transcondylar ampu- cardiol'ogist. One having special knowledge and
tation of the leg, the femur being sawn through experience in relation to disease of the heart.
the condyles just above the articular surface see ; cardiol'Dgy [G. kardia, heart, -I- -logia.J The science
cut under amputation. of the heart and its diseases.
cardia (kar'di-ah) [G. kardia, heart.] The eso- cardiol^ysis [G. kardia, heart, + lysis, loosening.}
phageal orifice of the stomach; the fundus An operation for breaking up the adhesions in
ventriculi or left extremity of the stomach. chronic mediastino-pericarditis access is gained
;

car'diac. i. Relating to the heart. 2. Relating by resection of a portion of the sternum and the
to the esophageal orifice of the stomach. 3. A corresponding costal cartilages.
tonic remedy. 4. A
sufferer from heart disease. car"diomala'cia [G. kardia, heart, -I- malakia,
c. sign, a diminution in the area of cardiac dul- softness.] Softening of the walls of the heart.
ness in the recumbent posture, occurring in cardiomeg'aly [G. kardia, heart, + megasimegah-'),
carcinoma. large.] Hypertrophy of the heart.
cardiagra (kar-di-ag'rah) [G. kardia, heart, -t- cai"diomelano'sis [G. kardia, heart, -I- melanosis,
agra, seizure.] 1. A
gouty affection of the a blackening.] A deposit of pigment in the
heart. 2. Angina pectoris. heart muscle.
cardialgia (kar-dl-al'ji-ah) [G. kardia, heart, H- cardiom'etry [G. kardia, heart, + metron, measure.]
algos, pain.] Heartburn, an uncomfortable burn- Measuring the dimensions of the heart or the
ing sensation in the stomach. force of its action.
cardiam'eter. A
device for determining the posi- cardiomyoliposis (kar"dl-o-mi"o-li-po'sis) [G. kardia.
tion of the cardia of the stomach. heart, -H mys(niyo~), muscle, -t- lipos, fat.]
cardianastrophe (kar-'de-an-as'tro-fe) [G. kardia, Fatty degeneration of the heart.
heart, + anastrophe, a turning back.] con- A cardioneph'ric [G. kardia, heart, +nephros, kidney.]
genital transposition of the heart, the organ being Relating to the heart and the kidneys.
on the right side ; dextrocardia. cardioneural (kar"dI-o-nu'ral) [G. kardia, heart, +
car'diant. A cardiac stimulant. neuron, nerve.] Relating to the nervous control
cardiasthe'nia [G. kardia, heart, + astheneia, weak- of the heart.
ness.] Weakness in the action of the heart. cardiopal'mus [G. kardia, heart, + palmos, palpi-
cardiasthma (kar-de-as'mah). Cardiac asthma, tation.] Palpitation of the heart.
dyspnea of heart disease. cardiopaVudism [see paludism-^ Irregularity in
cardiataxia (kar-dJ-S-tak'sI-ah) [G. kardia, heart, + the heart's action due to malaria
ataxia, disorder.] Extreme irregularity in the car'diopath. A sufferer from heart disease.
action of the heart. cardiop'athy [G. kardia, heart, + pathos, suiiering.]
cardicente'sis. Cardiocentesis. Any disease of the heart.
cardiectasia (kar-dl-ek-ta'si-ah) [G. kardia, heart, + cardiopericarditis (kar-dl-o-per-I-kar-di'(de')tis) [G.
ektasis, a stretching out.] Dilatation of the kardia, heart, + peri, around, -1- kardia, heart,

heart. +-itisl\ Inflammation of both myocardium

car'din. An organic extract made from the heart and pericardium.
of the bullock. cardiophone (kar'dl-o-fon) [G. kardia, heart, -H
car'dinal [L. cardinalis, relating to a hinge, hinging, phone, sound.] A stethoscope specially designed
important.] i. Of special importance. 2. Of a to aid in listening to the sounds of the heart.
deep-red, nearly scarlet, color. cardioplegia (kar-di-o-ple'jl-ah) [G. kardia, heart, +
A
prefix signifying that plege, stroke.] Paralysis of the heart.
cardio- [G. kardia, heart.]
,

cardiopneumatic (kar"dI-o-nu7mat'ik) [G. kardia,

the word has reference to the heart.
cai"dioaccererator. Hastening the action of the heart, + pneuma, breath.] Relating to the
heart's action and the respiration.
heart.
(kar"di-o-a-or'tik). Relating to the cardiopneumograph (kar"dI-o-nu mo-graf) [G. kar-
cardioaortic
dia, heart, + pneuma, breath, -I- grapho, I write.]
heart and the aorta.
cardioarterial (kar-di-o-ar-te'ri -al) . Relating to An instrument for recording graphically the
cardiac and respiratory movements.
the heart and the arteries.
cardioptosia (kar"dJ[-op-to'sI-ah) [G. kardia, heart
cardiocele (kar'dl-o-sel) [G. kardia, heart, -I- kele,
hernia.] Ahernia or protrusion of the heart + ptosis, a falling.] A condition in which the

through an opening in the diaphragm.

he^ is unduly movable and displaced downward;

a cor mobile, cor pendulum; to be distinguished

cardiocente'sis [G. kardia, heart, H- kentesis,
Operative puncture of the heart. from baihycardia, in which the heart is fixed in a
pricking.] •
lower position.
cardiocinet'ic. Cardiokinetic.
+ odym, pain.] cardiopul'monary [G. kardia, heart, -|- L. pulmo
cardiodyn'ia [G. kardia, heart,
lung.] Relating to the heart and lungs.
Pain in the heart.
 CARDIOPUNCTURE 164 CARNOSITY

car"diopunc'ture. Cardiocentesis. for'nicis,a ridge running along the under surface

cardiopylor'ic. Relating to the cardiac and pyloric of the fornix, c. urethra'lis, the lower part of the
extremities of the stomach. ° anterior column of the vagina, in relation with the
cardiore'nal [G. kardia, heart, + L. ren, kidney.] urethra, c. vagi'nas, c. urethralis.
Cardionephric. car'inal canal'. In botany, an air-channel asso-
cardior'rhaphy [G. kardia, heart, + rhaphe, a sew- ciated with a vascular bundle.
ing.] Suture of the heart-wall. carinate (kar'i-nat) [L. carina, keel.] Keel-shaped,
cardiorrhex'is [G. kardia, heart, + rexis, rupture.] having a prominent central line like the bottom
Rupture of the heart- wall of a ship.
cardioschisis (kar-dl-os'kl-sis) [G. kardia, heart, -t- carios'ity. Cariousness, state of being carious.
schisis, a division.] The division of adhesions ca'rious. Relating to or affected with caries,
between the pericardium and the chest-wall. caris'sin. A glucoside obtained from Carissa
cardiosclero'sis [G. kardia, heart, +
sklerdsis, ovaia siolonifera of Australia; it is a powerful
hardening.] A
condition of fibrous, or connective- heart poison.
tissue, overgrowth in the heart muscle and Carleton's spots (karl'ton) [Bukk G. Carleton, New
endocardium, associated usually with similar York physician, *i856.] Small sclerosed areas in
degenerative changes in the arteries. the shaft of a long bone or in the epiphyses, in
caT'diospasm. 1. Spasmodic action of the heart.
cases of gonorrheal bone lesions.
2. Spasmodic contraction of the cardiac end of
Carlsbad, Bohemia (karls'baht) Alkaline-saline
.

the stomach or of the adjoining portion of the waters, 48° to 162.5° F- Nineteen springs.
esophagus. Used by drinking and bathing in gastric, hepatic,
cardiosphyg'mograph [G. kardia, heart, -I- sphyg- intestinal, renal, and cystic disorders, gout,
mos, pulse, + grapho, I write.] An instrument diabetes, obesity, and constipation. Middle of
for recording graphically the movements of the April to October.
heart and the radial pulse. Carlsbrunn, Austria (karls'broon). Ferruginous-
cardiot'omy [G. kardia, heart, -1- iome, incision.] manganese waters, highly effervescing, 45° F.
Incision into the heart-wall. Sexual disturbances and cranial disorders. Jime
cardiovas'cular [G. kardia, heart, -I- L. vasculum, to September.
vessel.] Relating to the heart and the blood- carmal'um. A
i per cent, solution of carmine in
vessels or the circulation. 10 per cent, alum water; used as a stain in his-
carditis (kar-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of the heart. tology.
cardivalvuUtis (kar-de-val-vu-li'(le')tis). Inflam- car'minate. A red-colored salt of carminic acid
mation of one or more of the valves of the heart. with an alkali.
car'dol. A yellowish or reddish oil, CiiHjjOj, with cannin'atiTe [1,. carminare, to cleanse.} i. Pre-
vesicating properties, from the cashew-nut, the venting the formation or pausing the expulsion of
fruit of Anacardium occideniale. flatus. 2. An agent which relieves flatulence.
car'dus. Carduus. carmine (kar'min, kar'min). i. The tinctorial
car'duus. Carduus benedictus, blessed thistle, the principle, CitHisOio, of cochineal. 2. Car-
plant CniciiS benedictus; a bitter tonic in doses of minum (N.F.), a crimson pigment made from
3f-i (2.0-4.0). cochineal by treatment with alum.
cargentos (kar-jen'tos). Trade name of a prepara- carmin'ic acid. Carmine (i); a red substance
tion of colloidal silver oxide, recommended in the derived from the cochineal, forming carminates
local' treatment of gonorrheal and catarrhal af-
with alkalis.
fections of the mucous membranes. cannin'ophile, carminoph'ilous [G. phileo, I love.]
Cargile mem'brane (kar'gH) [Charles H. Cargile, Staining readily with carmine dyes.
American surgeon, *i853.] A
membrane made carmi'num (N.F.). Carmine (2).
from the peritoneum of the ox, employed to camauba wax (kar-nah-00'bah).
prevent adhesions after surgical operations.
A wax obtained
from the Brazilian wax palm, Copernicia cerifera.
caribi (kar-e'be). Bicho; epidemic gangrenous camaubic acid (kar-nah-oo'bik as'id). A fatty acid,
proctitis.
C24H„02, derived from camauba wax.
car'ica. Papaya, papaw. car'neous [L. carneus.l Fleshy.
car'icin. Papain. camiferr'in. Phosphosarcolactate of iron; em-
car'icous [L. carica, fig.] Relating to or having the ployed as a chalybeate in anemia and chlorosis,
semblance of a fig.
in doses of gr. 5-8 (0.3-0.5).
dry rot.] i. Molecular decay
caries (ka'ri-ez) [L.
camiferr'ol. Trade name of a peptonate of iron
of abone in which it becomes friable, thinned, preparation.
and dark, and gradually breaks down with the carnifica'tion [L. caroicarn-), flesh, -I- facere, to
formation of pus; it is often of tuberculous ori- make,] A change in certain tissues, especially
gin. 2. A gradual decay with excavation of the
the lungs, whereby they become fleshy, resem-
dentine of a tooth, due possibly to the action of bling muscular tissue.
Leptoihrix buccalis, commonly present in the car'nine. A leucomaine derived from beef extract;
mouth, t. fungo'sa, a form of c. of tuberculous it occurs as a white crystalline
origin accompanied with a fungous proliferation
powder having
the formula, C,H,N,0,.
of the tissues, c. hu'mida, c. accompanied by
Carniv'ora [L. caro(,carn-), flesh, + vorare, to eat.]
suppuration, c. necrot'ica, c. with necrosis, Flesh-eating animals.
in which pieces of bone slough off and lie in the carnivore (kar'ni-var). One of the Camivora.
carious cavity or are washed away in the purulent
camiv'orous. Flesh eating.
discharge, c. sic'ca, Volkmann's c, a form
Carnochan's opera'tion (kar'no-kan) [John M.
in which suppuration does not occvr. dry Carnochan. American surgeon, 181 7-1887.]
c, c. sicca, hu'mid or wet c, i;. humida, c. Ligation of the femoral artery for elephantiasis
with suppuration. of the leg.
carina (kS-ri'nah) [L. the keel of a boat.] A term
car'nogen. Trade name of a preparation of bone
applied or applicable to several anatomical struc-
marrow and fibrin.
tures forming a projecting central ridge, t. carnos'ity. ..Fleshiness. 2. A fleshy protuberance.
CARO 165 CARTILAGE
ca'ro [L.]. Flesh, muscle, c. quadra'ta Syl'vii multangulum minus, os magnum or capitatum,
[Jacobus Sylvius], musculus quadratus plantae, and unciform or hamatum. (In the above list,
accessory muscle of the flexor longus digitorum. when two names are given the second is the [BNA]
caro'ba. The leaflets of Jacaranda procera, a tree term.) The carpus articulates above with the
of tropical America; alterative and diuretic, radius and ulna, and below with the five meter
given in syphilis and chronic rheumatism in carpal bones.
doses of 15515-30 (1.0-2.0) of a fluidextract. car'rageen, car'ragheen. Chondrus (3).
car'obine. An alkaloid derived from caroba. Carrasquilla's se'rum (kahr-rahs-keel'yah) . A
cai'oid. Trade name of a protein digestant derived serum believed by the author and others to be
from the papaw. curative of leprosy.
carot'ic [G. kardtikos, stupefying.] 1. Carotid. 2. carre-four sensitif (kar-foor"son-se-tef') [Fr. sensory
Stuporous. crossroads.] A term given by Charcot to the
caroticotympanic (kar-ot"i-ko-tim-pan'ik). Relat- posterior portion of the posterior limb of the
ing to the carotid canal and the tympanum. internal capsule where the sensory nerve tracts
carot'id [G. karoo, I cause to sleep profoundly pass.
(as by compression of the carotid artery).] Carrel's meth'od (kS-rel') [Alexis Carrel, French
I. Arteria carotis. 2. Relating to a carotid pathologist in New York, *i873.] End-to-end
artery, c. arteria carotis.
ar'tery, t. canal', suture of blood vessels, permitting of the trans-
c. fora'men, gland, etc., see the nouns.
c. plantation of large segments of limbs and of entire
carotin (kar-o'tin) [L. carota, carrot.] A yellow organs. C.'s mixture, paraffin melting at 52° C,
pigment present in varying amount in carrots, 18; paraffin melting at 20° C, 6; beeswax, 2;
sweet potatoes, spinach, and other vegetables, castor oil, i; used to keep grafts in place on an
oranges, egg yolk, milk, and other food stuffs. ulcerated surface. C.'s treat'ment, treatment
carotinemia (kar-o-tin-e'mi-ah) [carotin + G. of wounds by intermittent irrigation with
haima, blood.] The presence of carotin in the Dakin's fluid, the latter being made to flush
circulating blood; when in excess it causes a every part of the surface, the wound having
yellow discoloration of the skin resembling previously been freed from all foreign material
jaundice. and dead tissue.
carpaine (kar'pah-en). An alkaloid, CnHjjNOj, Carrel'-Da'kin fluid. Dakin's* fluid.
from the leaves of Carica papaya; diuretic and carrier (car'i-ur). Vector, bacilli-carrier, a person
cardiac tonic, resembling digitalis, in doses of in apparent health who is infected with some
gr. J—J (0.01-0.02) of the hydrochloride. pathogenic organism to which he is himself, for
car'pal. Relating to the carpus, c. articula'tion, the time being at least, immune but which, when
(i) wrist- joint; (2) in veterinary anatomy, the accidentally transferred to another, may produce
collected carpal joints, popularly called the an attack of the specific disease.
knee. Carrion's disease' (kahr-ri-on') [Daniel E. Carrion, a
carpec'tomy ^G. karpos, carpus, + ekfame, excision.] Periivian student who inoculated himself with
Exsection of a portion or all of the carpus. the disease in 1886, and lost his life thereby.]
car'pel [L. carpellum, dim. of G. karpos, fruit.] In Oroya fever, the febrile form of verruga peruana.
botany, a female sporophyll, forming a pistil or Car'ron oil [Carron iron works in Scotland where the
one of the elements of a compound or syncarpous mixture was first employed.] Linimentum calcis,
pistil, a mixture of equal parts of lime-water and olive
caiphologia, carphology (kar-f6-lo'ji-ah, kar-fol'o-jl) or linseed oil, applied for the relief of bums and
[G. karphos, bits of wool, -1- lego, I collect.] scalds.
Floccilation; purposeless, semiconscious picking at carr'ot. The fruit or seed of Daucus carota, an herb
the bedclothes, in high fevers and stuporous con- yielding a common vegetable; used as a diuretic
ditions. in doses of 5^-1 (2.0-4.0). c.-root, the vege-
carpitis (kar-pi'(pe')tis). Carpal arthritis in the table, is used sometimes as a poultice in the treat-
horse and other animals. ment of ulcers.
carpocar'pal. Midcarpal; referring to the articula- car'sickness. Nausea, dizziness, and sometimes
tion between the two rows of carpal bones. vomiting, a syndrome similar to seasickness,
caipogenic, carpogenous (kar-po-jen'ik, kar-poj'- sometimes caused by riding on a railway.
en-us). Relating to the carpogonium. Cars'well's grapes [Sir Robert Carswell, English
carpogo'mum [G. karpos, fruit, -I- gonos, a beget- physician, 1793-1857.] Masses of tubercles, in
ting.] In botany, the lower part of the procarp, pulmonary tuberculosis, clustered around the
or female sexual organ, in Ascomycetes. finer bronchioles like a bunch of grapes.
carpometacarpal (kar"po-met-ah-kar'pal). Relat- Car'ter's fe'ver [Henry Vandyke Carter, Anglo-
ing to both carpus and metacarpus. Indian physician, 1831-1897.] Asiatic relaps-
carpoped'al [L. pes{ped-), foot.] Relating to the ing* fever. '

wrist and the foot, or the hands and the feet; Car'ter's opera'tion [William Wesley Carter, New
noting especially carpopedal spasm, a spasm of the York laryngologist, *i869.] The formation of a
feet and hands sometimes observed in laryngis- new bridge of the nose by transplantation of a
mus stridulus, and formerly used as synonymous piece of bone taken from a rib.
with this term. car'thamus. SafBower, parrot-seed, false or bastard
carpoptosia (kar-pop-to'sl-ah) [G. karpos, wrist, + saffron, the dried florets of Carthamus tinctorius;
ptosis, a, Wrist-drop.
falling.] sometimes used in domestic practice as a hot
Car'pue's meth'od [Joseph Constantine Carpue tea externally to "bring out the eruption" in
English surgeon, 1 764-1846.] Indian method of exanthematous diseases.

rhinoplasty by a flap from the forehead. cartilage (kar'tJ-lej) [L. cartilago, gristle.] con-A
car'pus, gen. car'pi [G. karposl] The wri^t. As a nective tissue substance characterized by its non-
division of the skeleton, the eight bones of the vascularity and by a homogeneous or fibrillated
wrist, viz., the scaphoid or naviculare, semilunar basement substance containing mucin, gelatin,
or lunatum, cuneiform or triquetrum, pisiform, and chondrin; there are three kinds of cartilage
trapezium or multangulum majus, trapezoid or called hyaline cartilage, fibrocariilage, and fibro-
 ,

CARTILAGE 166 CARTILAGO

elastic cartilage; see below, access'ory c, a sesa- parenchy'matous cellular u.

k., perio'tic c, a
moid c. access'ory quad'rate t., cartilage alari- cartilaginous mass oneither side of the chon-
minor[BNA]. alar c, see under cart«7ago. ann's drocranium in the fetus, per'manent c, carti-
ular c, cricoid c. aor'tic c, the cartilage of the lage which remains as such and does not
second rib on the right side behind which is the become converted into bone, plez'iform c,
arch of the aorta, arthro'dial c, artic'ular c, the fibroelastic c. precur'sory c, temporary c. pri-
c. covering the artictUar surfaces of the bones mor'dial c, temporary c. pul'monary c, the c. of
forming a joint, aryt'enoid c, see under cartilago. the second rib on the left side behind which is
au'ditory c, auditory capsule.* auric'ular c, the the beginning of the pulmonary artery, quadrate
the cartilage of the concha or auricle, bone c, the c, accessory quadrate c. retic'ular c, ret'ifonn
animal matter of bone left after dissolving out the c, fibroelastic c. semilu'nar c, one of the inter-
earthy matters with acid, ostein, u. bone, one articular cartilages of the knee-joint, meniscus*
formed from the ossification of cartilage, t. cap- lateralis [BNA], meniscus* medialis [BNA].
sule, the ground substance in hyaline cartilage septal c, the c. completing the nasal septum
surrounding the lacunffi in which lie the c. cells. anterior to the vomer, ses'amoid c, cartilago
c. cell, a connective-tissue cell lying in one of the sesamoidea. sigmoid c, semilunar c. sternal c,
lacunae or spaces in the ground substances of carti- a costal c. of one of the true ribs, supra-aiyt'enoid
lage, u. corpuscle, c. cell. c. space, a. lacuna in c, oorniculum laryngis, cartilago* corniculata
the ground hyaline c. in which lies a cartilage [BNA]. tarsal c, the fibrous framework giving
cell, cell'ular c, an embryonic cartilage formed firmness and shape to the eyelid; see tarsus (2).
chiefly of cells with very little ground sub- tem'porary c, a cartilage which normally becomes
stance, central c, a minute opacity in the cen- ossified forming a part of the skeleton, thyroid
ter of the crystalline lens, cil'iaxy c, tarsal c. c, see cartilago. true c, hyaline c. tubal t.,
circumferen'tial c, labrum glenoidale [BNA]. cartilago tubae auditive, uni'ting c, connecting c.
conchal c, auricular c, cartilago auriculae [BNA]. vo'merine c, Jacobson's c, cartilago* vomerona-
connect'ing t., the cartilage in an immovable salis [BNA]. xiphoid c, processus xiphoideus
joint such as one of the sutures of the skull or [BNA]. Y-c, the cartilage at the "bottom of the
the symphisis pubis, costal c, the cartilage acetabulum forming the connecting c. for the
forming the anterior continuation of a rib. cri- ilium, ischium, and pubes.
coid c, see under cartilago. cu'neiform w., see conversion into, cartilaginification, chondrification.
under cartilago. den'tinal c, the animal matter ear, conchal c, auricular c, annular c, meatal c.
of dentine remaining when the earthy matter has excision, chondrectomy. eyelid, tarsal or ciliary
cartilages, tarsus superior and tarsus inferior [BNAJ.
been dissolved out with acid, diarthro'dial c, formation, chondrogenesis, chondriiication, chondrosis.
articular c. elas'tic c, fibroelastic c. en'siform inflammation, chondritis, joint, arthrodial or articular
c, processus xiphoideus [BNA]. epac'tile c, c, circumferential c, meniscus, knife for cutting,
cartilago sesamoidea nasi [BNA]-
chondrotome, ecchondrotome. larynx, thyroid, cri-
epiphys'eal c, coid, arytenoid, and cuneiform cartilages, pain,
the disc of c. between the shaft and the epiphysis chondralgia, chondrodynia. ribs, costal cartilage,
of a long bone. Eusta'chian c, "cartilago tubae softening, chondromalacia, sternal, ensifomi or
xiphoid c. thinning, chondroporosis. tumor, chon-
auditivse [ B NA] fi"brocar'tilage, a form in which
droma, ecchondroma, ecchondrosis.
the basement substance is fibrillated, the fibers
cartilaginification (kar"tl-ia-jin"i-fi-ka'shun).
being arranged in bundles which interlace in all
Chondrification, conversion into cartilage.
directions, fibroelas'tic c, a variety in which the
cells are surrounded by a capsule of homogeneous
cartilaginoid (kar-til-aj'in-oyd) [L. cartilago G. +
eidos, resemblance.] Chondroid, resembling car-
basement substance, outside of which is an inter-
tilage.
lacing framework of elastic fibers in the basement
substance many granules of the same appearance cartilaginous (kar-til-aj'in-us). Relating to or
;

as the elastic fibers, called elastic granules, are consisting of cartilage.

cartila'go [L. gristle.] Cartilage.
also present in the basement substance, floating
c, a loose meniscus articularis, especially in the c. ma'jor [BNA], greater alar cartilage, lower
ala'ris

knee-joint, gin'gival c, the fibrous tissue closing lateral cartilage, forming the anterior part of the ala •

nasi the crus laterals is the outer plate the crw mediale
the open end of the loculus containing the une- ; ;

is the anterior part, curving backward to join the

rupted tooth crown in the infant, hy'aline c, the septum and forming with its fellow the tip of the nose.
usual form of permanent, non-artictdar cartilage, c. ala'ris mi'nor [BNA], lesser alar cartilage, one of
in which the cells are embedded in a homogeneous two to four cartilaginous plates on the side of the ala
or finely granular basement substance, innom'i- nasi posterior to the larger alar cartilage.
nate c, cricoid c. interartic'ular c, discus inter- c. annula'ris, c. cricoidea.
articularis [BNA]. inteross'eous c, connecting c. c. articula'ris [BNA], articular cartilage, a cap of
hyaline cartilage fitting over the joint surface of a bone.
intenrer'tebral c, fibrooartilago intervertebraUs
c. arytasnoid'ea [BNA], an approximately pyram-
[BNA]. intrathy'roid c, a narrow slip of c. join- idal cartilage lying on either side of the middle line
ing the alae of the thyroid gland in infancy. posteriorly between the projecting ate of the thyroid
invest'ing c, articular c. lat'eral c, one of the cartilage, just above the lamina of the cricoid; the
cartilages from the extremity of the third phalanx junction of the external border and the base forms a
or OS pedis of the horse passing down to the heel of prominent angle (processus muscularis), that of the
the hoof, loose c, floating c mandib'ular c, an anterior border and the base forms a sharp-pointed
process (processus vocalis) the base articulates with
embryonic c, Meckel's c, which forms the mal- ;

the lamina of the cricoid cartilage.

leus and its handle, and also the mandible, me'- c. auric'ulse [BNA], the cartilaginous framework of
atal c, the cartilaginous portion of the external the auricle or pinna ot the ear.
auditory meatus formed by the internal prolonga- c. basila'ris, the cartilage filling the
foramen lacerum
tion of the auricular c. mu'cronate c, ensiform fibrocartilago basalis [BNA].
u., processus xiphoideus [BNA]. obdu'cent c, c. clypea'lis [L. clipeus, clypeus, a shield], u. thyre-
articular c. parachor'dal c, the anterior carti- oidea.

laginous investment of the notochord preceding c. cornicula'ta [BNA], comiculate cartilage, cartilage
of Santorini, a minute conical nodule of yellow elastic
the formation of the chondrocranium. para-
cartilage surmounting the apex of each arytenoid
sep'tal li., cartilago vomeronasalis [BNA]. cartilage.
 .

CARTILAGO 167 CARYOGENESIS

c. the cartilaginous portion of a rib.

costa'lis, "United States; carminative, st.oinachic, and diu-
c. lowermost of the laryngeal carti-
cricoid'eap the retic, in doses of i-io (0.06-0.6).
gr.
lages; it is shaped like a seal-ring, being expanded into
caruncle (kar'ung-kl). 1. A small fleshy pro-
a nearly quadrilateral plate behind (lamina) the ;

anterior portion is called the arch (arcus)

tuberance, or any structure suggesting such a
c. cuneifor'mis [BNA], cuneiform cartilage, car-
figure; see caruncula. 2. In botany, an out-
tilage of Wrisberg, a small rod of yellow elastic car- growth of the outer coat of a seed, usually near its
tilage in the aryepiglottic fold in front of the arytenoid apex, ure'thral c, a small, fleshy, painful growth
and comiculate cartilages. 'from the mucous membrane, som'etimes occurring
c. ensifor'mis, c. xiphoidea, processus xiphoideus
at the meatus of the female urethra.
[BNA]. caruncula (kar-ung'ku-lah) [L. a small fleshy mass. ]
c. sesamoidea nasi [BNA].
epac'tilis, c.
Caruncle, c. hymena'lis (pi. carunculae hymen-
c. epiglott'ica,a thin lamina of yellow elastic car-
tilage forming the central portion of the epiglottis. ales) [BNA], c. myrtiformis, one of the numerous
c. falca'ta [BNA], falciform cartilage, semilunar carti- tabs or projections surrounding the orifice of the
lage, meniscus medialis ]BNA]. vagina after rupture of the hymen, c. lacrima'lis,
c. gingiva'lis, gingival cartilage.* a small reddish body at the inner canthus of the
c. guttura'lis, c. arytsnoideus. eye, containing modified sebaceous and sweat
c. innomina'ta, c. cricoidea.
glands, c. ma'jor of Santori'ni, papilla duodeni.
c. intervertebra'lis, fibrocartilago intervertebraUs
c. mamilla'ris, the collection of gray matter giv-
[BNA].
c. lingUEe, septum linguae [BNA]. ing origin to part of the olfactory nerve, tubercu-
c. mucrona'ta [L. mucro, a sword], u. ensiformis, Itmi olfactorium. t. Morgagn'ii, the middle lobe
processus xiphoideus [BNA]. of the prostate gland, c. myrtifor'mis (pi.
c. na'si latera'lis [BNA], upper lateral cartilage, the carunculcB myrHformes), c. hymenalis [BNA],
cartilage forming on either side the anterior and lateral c. saliva'ris, c. sublingualis, c. sublingua'lis,
wall of the nose, between the ala and the bony skeleton. a papilla on each side of the frenulum linguae
c. osses'cens [L. becoming bony], temporary carti-
marking the opening of the submaxillary (Whar-
lage.*
ton's) duct.
c. pelta'ta [L. pelta, a shield], c. thyreoidea.
c. pe'nis, septum glandis [BNA]. Carus's curve (kah'roos) [Carl Gustav Carus, German
c. peren'nis, permanent cartilage.* obstetrician, 1789-1869.] An imaginary curved
c. per'manenSt permanent cartilage. line, obtained as the result of a mathematical
c. quadrangula'ris, c. septi nasi [BNA]. formula, supposed to indicate the axis of the pel-
c. reticxila'ris, fibroelastic c. vic canal.
c. santorinia'na, c. corniculata [BNA]. car'vacrol. Oxycymol, betacymophenol, a color-
c. scutifor'mis, c. thyreoidea.
less liquid, Ci3 Hu^' obtained from oils of thyme,
c. septi [BNA], a thin cartilaginous plate filling
nasi
in the gap between the 'vomer, mesethraoid; and nasal
savory, and marjoram, with an odor of thyme;
bones, and completing the septum nasi anteriorly. antiseptic, but employed chiefly as a, perfume.
c. sesamoid'ea laryn'gis [BNA], a small nodule of c. i'odide, iodocrol, a yellowish brown powder,
yellow elastic cartilage sometimes present on the exter- obtained from carvacrol as thymol iodide (aristol)
nal border of the arytenoid cartilage. is from thymol employed like aristol as a substi-
;

c. sesamoid'ea na'si [BNA], a small cartilage in the

tute for iodoform.
triangle on either side formed by the receding of the
carvene (kar'ven). A tasteless and odorless ter-
edge of the lower lateral cartUdge from the cartilage
pene, CioHie, obtained from oil of caraway.
of the septum nasi.
c. thyreoid' ea [BNA], thyroid cartilage, the largest
car'vol. A fragrant liquid, CiqHuO, obtained from
of the cartilages of the larynx; it is formed of two oil of cara*ay.
approximately quadrilateral plates (alee) joined ante- caryenchyma (kar-I-en'ki-mah) [G. karyon, nut
riorly atan angle of from 90° to 120°, the prominence (nucleus), -f- chymos, juice.] The more
en, in, -I-
so formed constituting the pomum Adami; the poste- fluid portion of the caryoplasm, or protoplasm of
rior margins of the alse are nearly straight and ter-
a nucleus.
minate above and below in horn-like extensions
caryochromatophil (kar-J-o-kro-mat'o-fil) [G. karyon,
{cornua) on the outer surface of each plate is a smooth
;

ridge Qinea obliqua) connecting the superior and infe- nut (nucleus), -f- chroma, color, -I- philos, fond.]
rior tubercula (see tuberculum thyreoideuni) . Noting a cell with a readily stainable nucleus.
c. trachea'liSp one of from 16 to 20 incomplete rings caryochrome (kar'1-o-krome) [G. karyon, kernel,
of cartilage forming the skeleton of the trachea; the nucleus, -f- chroma, color.] Noting a nerve
rings are deficient posteriorly for from one-fifth to cell having only traces of a body, but a nucleus
one-third of their circumference. the size of an ordinary nerve-cell nucleus, larger
c. triangula'ris, c. trlquef ra carpi, triangular fibro-
than that of a cytochrome.
cartilage, discus articularis [BNA], of the distal radio-
caryocine'sia, caryocine'sis (kar"I-o-sin-e'sit-ah, kar"-
ulnar articulation.
c. triquet'ra, triquetrous cartilage, (i) articular carti-
I-o-sin-e'sis) [G. karyon, nut (nucleus), + kinesis,
lage (discus articularisIBNAl) of theinteriorradioulnar movement.] Karyokinesis, the nuclear changes
articulation; (2) cartilago arytaenoidea IBNA]. occurring in cell-division; these may be direct, i.e.
c. tritic'ea [BNA] [L. triticeus, wheaten], a rounded without certain complicated changes in the chro-
nodule of cartilage occasionally present in the lateral matin of the nucleus Camitosis) or indirect, i.e.
hyothyroid ligament. accompanied by these changes, with the formation
c. tubae auditi'vae [BNA], a triangular plate of fibro-
of chromosomes (mitosis); the term was formerly
elastic cartilage, forming the cartilaginous portion of
the Eustachian tube. employed as synonymous with mitosis.
c. vera, hyaline cartilage.*
caryocinet'ic. Relating to caryocinesis.
c. vomeronasa'lis [BNA], vomeronasal,
vomerine caryoclasis (kar-I-ok'la-sis) [G. karyon, nut (nucleus),
or Jacobson's cartilage, a narrow strip of cartilage + klasis, a breaking.] Fragmentation of the nu-
lying between the lower edge of the cartilage of the
cleus of a cell, caryorrhexis,
septum nasi and the vomer. caryoga'mic. Relating to or marked by caryogamy.
c. xiphold'ea, processus xiphoideus [BNA].
caryogamy (kar-i-og'^-ml) [G. karyon, kernel
ca'rum (U.S.), ca'rui fruc'tus (Br.). Caraway, cara- (nucleus), -I- gamos, marriage.] Fusion of the
the dried nearly ripe fruit of Carum nuclei of two cells, as occurs in zygosis or true con-
way fruit;
carui), a biennial .plant cultivated
jugation.
carvi (or
extensively in Siberia, Northern Europe, and the
caryogenesis (kar-1-o-jen'e-sis [G. karyon, nucleus.
 168 CASEIN
CARYOGENESIS
One of the minute particles or granules making up
Formation of tire nucleus
+ genesis, production.]
the substance of the cell nucleus.
of a cell.
to caryo- car'yomit[G.feoo'o».nut (nucleus), -I- milos. thread.]
(kar-I-o-jen'ik). Relating
caryogenic One of the chromatin threads formed in mitosis,
ijenesis; forming the nucleus, parachromatic chromosome.
(kar-i-o-go'nad) [G. karyon ntit
caryogonad
descent.) Gonad caryom'itome [G. karyon, nut (nucleus), +
mitos,
(nucleus), + gone, generation, i. The formed material of the cell-
nucleus in protozoa thread.]
nucleus, germ nucleus, the nucleus, consisting of the chromatin threads and
which contains the chromatin and has to do 2. One of the chromatin
the nuclear membrane.
with the reproductive function. ^
,
, , ,
threads in the cell-nucleus.
caryolobic (kar-1-o-lo'bik). Having a lobulated or
caryomito'sis. Caryocinesis.
lobe-shaped nucleus. caiyomitot'ic. Caryocinetic.
(kar-l-o-lo'bizm) [G. karyon, nut
caryolobism Noting the nuclear shapes of
(nucleus), + L. lobus. lobe.] The state which m caryomor'phism.
a leucocyte, is the cells, especially of the leucocytes.
the nucleus of a cell, specifically
polymorphonuclear car'yon [G. karyon, a nut, kernel.] The cell-nucleus
lobulated, characterizing the caryophage (kar'i-o-fag, kar'I-o-faj)
caryophag,
[G. karyon, nut (nucleus), +
neutrophiles. phagas, a devourer.]
caryolymph (kar"I-o-hmf) [G. karyon. nut (nucleus),
An intracellular protozoan parasite.
4- L Irmpha. clear water.] The fluid substance Staining
caryophil, caryophile (kar'i-o-fil, or fll).
contained in the meshes of the linin network of the
hyaloplasm, readily with thiazin-ammonium dyes.
nucleus; ground-substance, nuclear
Caryophylla'cea. An order of polypetalous di-
nuclear sap. cotyledonous plants, including the carnation.
caryoph'yllin. An odorless, tasteless, crystalliza-
ble body, Ci„H,,0, from oil of cloves.
caryophyl'lus (U.S.), caryophyl'lum (Br.) [G. karyon,
nut, -1- phyllon, leaf.] Cloves, the dried unex-
panded flowers of Eugenia aromatica, a hand-
some evergreen tree of tropical countries; car-
minative and aromatic stimulant, in doses of gr.
I— 10 (0.06—0.6).
car'yoplasm [G. karyon, nut (nucleus), + plasma, a
thing formed.] The protoplasm of a cell-nucleus.
caryoplastin (kar"i-o-plas'tin). Parachromatin, the
plastic substance within the nucleus.
caryopsis (kar-I-op'sis) [G. karyon. nut, -t-
d- opsis,

appearance.] In botany, form of achene in

which the pericarp is adherent to the coat of the
seed, as in wheat.
caryorrhexis (kar-I-6-rek'sis) [G. karyon, nut (nu-
cleus), -I- rhexis. rupture.] Fragmentation of
the nucleus whereby its chromatin is distributed
irregularly throughout the cytoplasm a"degenera-
;

tive process and usually followed by caryolysis.

car'yosome [G. A-orwM.nut (nucleus), + ioiiia, body.]
One of the masses of chromatin at the nodes of
the linin network of the nucleus; net-knot.
caryospherical (kar-I-o-sfer'I-kal). Ha\-ing a spher-
ical nucleus.
caryotheca (kar-i-o-the'kah) [G. karyon. nut (nu-
cleus), -f sheath.]
theke, The investing mem-
brane of a nucleus.
caryozo'ic [(j. karyon, nut (nucleus), + zoon. animal.]
Noting a protozoan parasite inhabiting the cell
nucleus of its host.
cascara sagrada (kas'kah-rah sah-grah'dah) [Sp.
sacred bark.] (Br.) Rhamnus* purshiana (U. S.).
C,.\RYOCiN-Esis, Mitosis, or Indirect Cell cascaril'la [Sp. dim. of cascara. bark.] (N.F. and
Division (diagrammatic).
Br.) Sweetwood bark; the dried bark of Croton
A. Cell with resting nucleus; B, wreath, daughter ccn-
eluleria, a shrub of the Bahama Islands; aro-
trosomes and early stage of achromatic spindle; C,
chromosomes; D. monaster stage, achromatic spindle matic stimulant in doses of gr. 30 (2 .0).
in long axis of nucleus, chromosomes dividing; E. cascaril'line. A white, bitter, crystalline sub-
chromosomes moving toward centrosomes; F, diaster stance, the active principle of cascarilla.
stage, chromosomes at poles of nucleus, commencing
constriction of cell body; G. daughter nuclei beginning cascarine Le Prince (kas-kar-ecn' le prahs). A
return to resting state; H daughter nuclei showing
.
French laxative, in the form of pills of^an extract
monaster and wreath; /, complete division of cell of cascara sagrada.
body into daughter cells whose nuclei have returned
to the resting state. (After Bohyn and von Davidoff.) casease (ka'se-az). An albumin-digesting ferment
of bacterial origin.
caryolysis (kar-I-ol'i-sis) [G. karyon, nut {nucleus). + caseation (ka-se-a'shun) [L. casens, cheese.] The
lysis, solution.] Apparent destruction of the con\'ersion of necrotic tissues into a granular,
nucleus, ,'tt least the loss of aflinity of its chro- more or less pultaceous, amorphous mass of a
m.'Ltin for basic dyes; chromatolysis. grayish or light vellowish color, resembling cheese.
caryolyt'ic. Relating to cary(jlysis. casein (ka'se-in) [L. case-us, cheese.] A nucleo-
caryomicrosome (kar-T-o-mi'kro-som) [G. karyon. pr<3tein ^leri^'cd from milk, the substance of
nut (nucleus), -I- mikrus, sinall, + soma, body.] cheese; it is, when dried, a fine white powder
CASEIN 169 CASTRATED
insoluble in water but soluble in dilute alkaline cylinder of colloid material, found in the urine,
and salt solutions. due to colloid degeneration of the tubular
caseinogen (ka-se-in'o-jen) [casein +
G. gennao, epithelium.
I produce.] The chief protein in milk, the de-
rivative of which is casein.
ca"seo-i'odine. A
remedy for goiter made of a
mixture or compound of casein and iodine.
caseose (ka'se-6z). A
product resulting from the
hydrolysis or digestion of casein.
ca'seous [L. caseus, cheese.] Relating to or
resembling cheese, noting a form of degeneration
in which the tissues are transformed into a cheesy
mass resembling inspissated pus.
case'wonn, Echinococcus.
cashfi (k4-sha'). Cach^.
cashew' -nut. The nut of Anacardium occidentaU.
CaSOj. Calcium sulphate, gypsum, plaster-of-Paris.
casoid bread (ka'soyd bred). A bread used in
diabetes, made with a meal prepared from casein.
cassava starch (kah-sah'vah). Tapioca, starch
from the root of Manihot utilissima and M.
palmata, plants of tropical America.
Cas'selberry posi'tion [William Evans Casselberry,
American laryngologist, *i8s8.] A prone posi-
C^
tion assumed when drinking, after intubation, in Renal Casts: w, hyaline; b, granular; c, epithelial;
d, fatty e, waxy.
;
order to prevent the entrance of fluid into the
tube. Castalian Min'eral Springs, Cal. Alkaline-saline-
Cas'ser's fontanelle' [Giulio Casserio, Italian anat- sulphurous-carbonated waters. Thirteen springs,
omist, 1545-1616.] Mastoid fontanelle. C.'s most of them cold. Cutaneous diseases.
gan'glion, Gasserian* ganglion. C.'s per'forated Casta'lian Springs, Miss. Sulphureted-chalybeate,
mus'cle, the coracobrachialis through which the 56° F., and saline-calcic. About fifty springs
musctUo-cutaneous nerve frequently passes. C.*s and wells. Used by drinking and bathing in
per'forating nerve, the musculocutaneous nerve hepatic, gastric, intestinal, and cutaneous affec-
of the arm which often passes through the coraco- tions, and malarial cachexia.
brachialis muscle. casta'nea (N.F.). The dried leaves, collected late
Casse'rian. Relating to or described by Casser in the season, of Castanea dentata, the American
or Casserio. C. gan'glion, Gasserian* ganglion. chestnut, employed in the treatment of whoop-
Cassia (kash'yah). A
genus of herbs and trees of ing-cough in the form of a tea or infusion (an
the family Leguminosw. C. acutifo'lia, the ounce to a pint), or of the N.F. fluidextract in
source of Alexandrine senna. C. angustifo'Iia, dose of 5 1 (4o). C. equi'na [L. eg«»»MS, relat-
the source of Indian senna, c. bark, cinnamon. ing to a horse], horse-chestnut, hippocastanum.
c. buds, the immature fruits of various species Castellani's absorp'tion test (kas-tel-lah'ne) [Aldo
of cinnamon. C. caryophylla'ta, clove-bark, a Castellani, Anglo-Indian physician.] In certain
cinnamon-like bark. c. fis'tula (N.F.), cas'siae infections the serum will agglutinate two organ-
pul'pa (Br.), purging cassia, the dried ripe fruit isms; if now this serum is saturated with one of
of Cassia fistula, pudding-stick; laxative in doses these organisms the agglutinins for both will be
of 3i-2 (4.0-8.0). C. marilan'dica, the source removed, if it is saturated with the other organ-
of American senna, a drug of the same properties ism the agglutinin relating to that infection
as the oflicial senna, but much weaker. C. only will be removed; the organism which,
occidenta'Iis furnishes ovate seeds used as a added in large amount to the serum, removes
substitute for coffee, called Magdad or Negro both agglutinins is the specific organism for that
coffee. infection. C.'s bronchi'tis, hemorrhagic bron-
cast. I. An object formed by the solidification of chitis,* bronchopulmonary spirochetosis.
a liquid poured into a mould. A 2 mould of a Castellani -Low symp'tom (kas-tel-lah'ne) [Aldo
tubular structure, such as a bronchial tube or a Castellani, George Carmichael Low, Anglo-In-
renal tubule, formed by a plastic exudate, blood dian physicians.] A
fine tremor of the tongue
c, a renal c. formed chiefly of a blood-clot, co- observed in sleeping sickness.
ma c, Kulz's cylinder, a renal cast of strongly cas'tor. Castoreum.
refracting granules said to be indicative of im- cas'tor-oil. Oleum* ricini.
minent coma in diabetes, decid'ual c, a mould casto'reum. Castor, the dried preputial follicles
of the interior of the uterus formed of the ex- and their secretion from the beaver. Castor
foliated mucous membrane in cases of extrau- fiber or C. americanus; nerve stimulant in doses
terine gestation, epithe'lial c, a renal c. con- of gr. 10—60 (0.6—4.0).
sisting largely of cylindrical epithelium, false c, casto'ria. A proprietary remedy employed as a
cylindroid, mucous cast, fatt'y t., a renal cast laxative for children.
consisting largely of fat globules, gran'ular c, cas'torin. A neutral principle, occurring in pris-
a renal c. of granular texture, usually an altered matic crystals, obtained from castoreum; it has
hyaline 0. hy'aline c, a renal t. composed of the odor of castor, but little taste, and consti-
albuminoid material, mu'cous c, false or spuri- tutes from 2 to 4i per cent, of the crude drug.
cas'trate [L. castrare, to prune.] i. To remove the
ous c, a thick cylindrical shred of mucus in the
testicles or the ovaries. 2. One from whom the
urine, re'nal c, cylinder, a mould of a renal
tubule consisting of clotted blood, albuminoid testicles or ovaries have been removed.

matter, epithelium, etc. spu'rious t., mucous cas'trated. Emasculated, deprived of the testicles
c , cylindroid. tube t., renal c. wax'y t., a or of the ovaries.
CASTRATION 170 CATAPLASM A

castra'tion. Removal of the testicles or ovaries. cat'alyst. An agent which induces catalysis, a
parasit'icc, an arrest of sexual development catalyzer.
caused by intense parasitic infestation in the catalyt'ic. Relating to catalysis.
cat'alyzer. Catalyst.
young.
casual (kazh'u-al) [L. casualis, accidental, by catame'nia [G. kata, according to, + men, month.]
chance.] 1. Incidental, occurring by chance. Menses.
2. Relating to or caused by ati accident.
catame'nial. Relating to the catamenia or menses.
casualty (kazh'u-al-ti). An accident causing in- catapasm (kat'ah-pazm) [G. katapasma, a powder;
jury or death. katapasso, I sprinkle over.] A dusting powdei
cata- [G. kata, down.] A prefix denoting down or applied to raw surfaces or ulcers.
in a downward direction, or destructive. cataphasia (kat-S-fa'ziah) [G. kata, down, +
cataba'sial. Noting a skull in which the basiou is phasis, a declaration.] A disorder of speech in
lower than the opisthion. which there is an involuntary repetition several
catabiotic {kat"ah-bi-ot'ik) [G. kaia, down, + times of the same word.
biotikos, relating to life, vital.] i. Used up in the cataph'ora [G. a falling down.] Semicoma, or
carrying on of the vital processes other than somnolence interrupted by intervals of partial
growth, or in the performance of function, re- consciousness coma somnolentium.
;

ferring to the energy derived from. food. a. cataphoresis (kat"ah-fo-re'sis) [G. kata, down into,
Functional, noting an activity of the cell opposed ; + phoresis, a being carried.] Electric osmosis or
to bioplastic or vegetative. transfer of fluids through a membrane from
cataboric. Relating to catabolism. anode to cathode; the forcing of medicinal sub-
catab'olin. Any product of catabolism. stances into the deeper tissues by this means.
catab'olisni [G. katabole, a casting down.] Destruc- cataphoret'ic. Relating to cataphoresis.
tive or retrograde metabolism the breaking down
; catapho'ria [G. kaia, down, -I- phoreo, I carry].
of complex bodies of living matter into waste Tendency of the visual axes of both eyes to
products of simpler chemical composition. assume too low a plane.
catabolite (kat-ab'o-llt). Catabolin. cataphor'ic. Relating to cataphoresis, cataphora,
catacrot'ic [G. kaia, down, -I- krotos, beat.] Noting or cataphoria.
a pulse-tracing in which the down stroke is inter- cataphylaxis (kat-S.-fi-laks'is) [G. kata, down, +
rupted by one or more upward notches. phylaxis, protection.] Transport of leucocytes
catac'rotism. A
condition of the pulse in which and antibodies to the site of infection.
there are one or more secondary expansions of cat'aphyll, cataphyll'mn [G. kaia, down, -I- phylion,
the artery following the main beat. leaf.] A
scale leaf or cotyledon.
catadicrotic (kat-ah-di-krot'ik) [G. kata, down, + cataplasia, cataplasis (kat-ah-pla'zl-ah, kat-ap'la-sis)
di-, two, +
krotos, beat.] Noting a pulse-trac- [G. kata, down, -H plasis, a moulding.] Rever-
ing in which there are two minor elevations or sionary metamorphosis a degenerative change in
;

notches interrupting the descending line. cells or tissues which is the reverse of the con-
catadic'rotism. A condition of the pulse marked structive or developmental change; a return to an
by two minor expansions of the artery following earlier or embryonic stage.
the main beat. cat'aplasm [G. kaiaplasma, poiiltice, from kaia-
catadidymus (kat-ah-did'i-mus). A twin monster plasso, I spread over.] A poultice, a soft mag-
joined above but double below, ma or mush prepared by wetting various powders
catadiop'tric. Relating to both refraction and or other absorbent substances with oily or
reflection of light rays. watery fluids, sometimes medicated, and usually
catagenesis (kat-ah-jen'e-sis) [G. kaia, down, 4- applied hot to the surface it exerts an emollient,
;

genesis, production.] Involution. relaxing, or stimvilant, counterirritant effect

catalase (kat'S-laz [catalysis + -ase.] supposed A upon the skin and underljring tissues.
enzyme in plant and animal tissues capable of cataplasma (kat-ah-plaz'mah). Cataplasm, poul-
effecting the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. tice, t. alu'mims, alum, poultice, made by adding
cat'alepsy [G. kata, down, -f- lepsis. a seizure.] 2 drams of powdered alum to the whites of two
A morbid state, allied to autohypnosis or hys- eggs and coagulating; cooUng and astringent, u.
teria, in which there is a waxy rigidity of the carbo'nis, charcoal poultice, made by macerating 2
limbs that may be placed in various positions ounces of bread crumbs, i J ounces of linseed meal,
which they will maintain for a time. The sub- and i ounce of charcoal in 10 ounces of water and
ject is insensible and irresponsive to stimuli; spreading J otmce charcoal over the surface
the pulse and respiration are slow, and the skin before application; deodorant and emollient.
is pale. t. caro'tae, c. dau'ci, carrot poultice, made with
catalept'ic. Relating to, or suffering from, catalepsy. 4 ounces scraped carrot and i ounce of corn-
catalep'toid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Simulating or meal, c. fermen'ti, yeast poultice, made with
resembling catalepsy. 6 ounces each of beer yeast and water and 14
catal'pa. The bark or fruit of Caialpa bignonioides ounces wheaten flour, or 2 ounces yeast, j
or C. speciosa, cigar-tree, bean-tree, a large tree pint milk, and powdered slippery elm bark;
of the eastern United States; it is employed in stimulant and deodorant, c. kaoli'ni (N.F.),
eclectic medicine in the treatment of asthma and clay poultice, made of kaolin 577.0, boric acid
chronic bronchitis, in doses of i to 5 drops of the 45.0, thymol 0.5, methyl salicylate 2.0, oil of
specific preparation peppermint u.5, glycerin 375.0, applied in
catalysin (kat-al'i-sin). Trade name of a lecithin inflammatory conditions, c. li'ni, flaxseed or
preparation recommended for internal use to linseed poultice, made with 4 ounces linseed meal
strengthen the natural resistance in infectious in 10 ounces boiling water, c. lobe'Use, lobelia
diseases. poultice, equal parts of powdered lobelia and
catalysis (ka-tal'i-sis)[G. dissolution.] Chemical slippery elm bark made into a poultice with
decomposition induced by the presence of a body warm weak lye, employed to relax spasm.
which either takes no part in the reaction or is re- c. mustard poultice, mustard plaster
slna'pis,
stored to its original state at the end of the process. made by forming a paste of ground mustard,
CATAPLASMA 171 CATATHERMOMETER
mixed with more or less flour or com meal ac- of any otherdisease of the eye. progress'ive c,
cording to the strength desired, t. so'dae chlo- one in which the hardening process advances and
rina'tae, chlorine or chlorinated soda poultice, finally involves the entire lens, punc'tate c,
made by adding 2 ounces of solution of chlori- an incomplete c. in which there are opaque
nated soda to 4 ounces of linseed meal and 8 dots scattered through the lens, pyram'idal c,
ounces of boiling water; stimulant and deodo- a cone-shaped polar c. ripe c, mature c. san-
rant, c. stramo'nii, stramonium poultice, made guin'eous c, blood c. sec'ondaiy c, (i) com-
by bruising fresh stramonium leaves and adding plicated c, one which accompanies or follows
enough hot water to make a paste; employed in some other eye disease such as glaucoma; (2)
myalgia and neuralgia, c. syru'pi fus'ci, molas- after-c, one which occurs in the remains of the lens
made by mixing flour and molasses
ses poultice, or capsule after a cataract operation, sedimen'-
tomake a soft paste, used as an application to tary c, Morgagnian c. silic'ulose c.,sil'iquose c,
bums and scalds. calcareous degeneration of the capsule of the lens.
cat'aract [G. katarrhaktes, a trap-door.] Aloss of soft c, one which is of soft consistence throughout
transparency of the crystalline lens of the eye, or and white in color, phacomalacia. spin'dle c,
of its capsule, after c, secondary c. arbores'cent axial c, fusiform c, one in which the opacity is
t., one in which the opacity has an appearance fusiform, extending from one pole to the other
of branching lines. ar"idosil'iquate c, ar'ido- sta'tionary c, one which does not progress be-
silic'ulose c, ar"idosil'iquose c, sUiculose c. az'ial yond a certain stage, such as a polar c. to'tal c,
c, nuclear c. black c, one in which the lens is one involving the entire lens, unripe' u., im-
hardened and of a dark brown color, blood c, mature c. zon'ular c, lamellar c.
the presence of a blood-clot anterior to the lens, cataract-needle (kat'i-rakt ne'dl). A
small lance-
blocking the pupil, cap'sular t., one in which pointed instrument used in the operation of
the opacity affects the capsule only. cap"sulo- discission -of a cataract.
lentic'ular c, one in which both the lens and its catarac'tous. Relating to a cataract.
capsule are involved; membranous u. ca'seous cat'aract-spoon. A
small spoon-shaped instrument
c, an overripe c. which has undergone cheesy for removing a cataractous lens.
degeneration, cen'tral c, nuclear c. complete' cata'ria (N.F.). Catnep, catnip, catmint, the
c, one involving the entire lens. comi'pUcated c, dried flowering tops of Nepeta cataria; employed
secondary c.(i). cor'tical c, one in which the as a "tea" in domestic practice as an emmena-
opacity affects the cortex of the lens, dry-shell gogue and antispasmodic, in doses of 3i (4-o),
t., siliculose c. fi'broid c, a sclerotic hardening or a tablespoonful of the infusion of a strength
of the capsule of the lens, flu'id c, an overripe of an ounce to a pint, or 3i (4-o) of the N.F.
c. which has become liquefied, fu'siform c, fluidextract.
spindle c. glass'worker's c, one occurring in catarrh (ki-tahr') [G. katarrheo, I flow down.]
glassmakers and supposed to be due to the glare Simple inflammation of a mucous membrane;
from the molten glass, green 'C, glaucoma. popularly, chronic rhinitis, atroph'ic c, a
hard c, phacosclerosis, hypermature' c, over- chronic c, especially of the nose and rhino-
ripe u., one in which the sclerotic changes have pharjmx, resulting in more or less destruction
progressed until the whole mass is shrunken, of the mucous membrane- autum'nal u., hay-
dry, and very hard (phacosclerosis), or in which fever, bron'chial c, bronchitis, epidem'ic c,
the cortex has softened, in'fantile c, juvenile c. influenza, gastllc c, gastritis, hypertroph'ic
affecting a very young child, ju'venile c, a soft c, a chronic c, especially of the nose and rhino-
c. occuring in a child or young adult, especially pharynx, resulting in proliferation and sometimes
one suffering from rickets, lac'teal c, a fluid c. in polypoid thickening of the mucous membrane.
which the liquid lens intes'tinal c, enteritis, laryn'geal t., laryngitis.
is opalescent or milky. light'ning c, influenza; any severe and rapidly
lamell'ar c, one in which developing coryza. Uthogen'ic intes'tinal c, mild
the opacity is limited to inflammation of the intestinal mucous membrane
certain of the layers of accompanied by the presence of intestinal
sand in the stools, na'sal c, rhinitis, phaiyn'-
the lens external to the
nucleus, lentic'ular c, geal c, pharyngitis, postna'sal c, chronic
one in which the opacity rhinopharyngitis, spring u., vernal conjunc-
is confined to the sub- tivitis.* suffocative c, asthma, u'terine c,
stance of the lens, phaco- endometritis, ver'nal c, vernal conjunctivitis.
scotasmus. mature' c, ves'ical c, cystitis.
catarrhal (kS-tah'ral). Relating to or affected with
one in which the entire
lens is hard and opaque catarrh.
catastal'tic [G. katastello, I check.] i. Inhibitory,
so that it can be shelled
restricting or restraining. 2. An inhibitory or
out easily from the cap-
sule, mem'branous c, Cataract Needles :
checking agent, such as an astringent or anti-
a secondary c, composed A, straight; B, curved. spasmodic.
of the remains of the catas'tasis. i. A condition or state. 2. Restora-
thickened capsule with more or less degenerated tion to a normal condition or a normal place.

milk'y c, lacteal c. Morgagn'- cat'astate [G. katastatos, settled down.] Any sub-
lens substance,
ian c, a hypermature u. in which the cortex stance formed in the process of catabolism or
becomes soft and of a milky opacity while the retrograde metamorphosis.
catastat'ic. Relating to a catastate.
hard dark nucleus sinks, nu'clear c, one involv-
ing the nucleus only, overripe' c, hypermature catathermometer (kat-ah-thur-mom'e-tur) [G. kata,
c. perinu'clear c, one in which the nucleus is down.l A
large-bulbed spirit thermometer used
clear but is surrotmded by a ring or sphere of
to measure the rate of cooling; the dry bulb c.
indicates the rate of heat loss by radiation and
opacity, po'lar c, a capsular c. limited to a
convection, the wet bulb by radiation, convec-
certain area over the anterior or posterior pole
of
tion, and evaporation.
the lens, pri'maiy c, one occurring independently
 ;;

CATATONIA 172 CATTANI'S SERUM

catato'nia [G. kata, down, + tonos, tone.] i. A rubber membrane attached to a very fine
Stupor. 2. A form of dementia praecox in which
steel frame which, when introduced into the
the progressive dementia, is interrupted from bladder, adapts itself to the inequalities of the
time to time by maniacal, melancholic, or inner surface dividing it into two compartments
stuporous intervals. used as a means of separating the portions of urine
catato'niac, cataton'ic. Relating to, or charac- coming from the two ureters.
c. demen'tia, cath'eter [G. i. A hollow
katheter.] cylinder of
terized by, catatonia; stuporous,
catatonia (2) silver,India rubber, or other material, designed
catat'ony. Catatonia. to be passed through the urethra into the bladder
catatricrotic(kat"ah-tri-krot'ik). Noting a pulse to drain this viscus of urine in case of retention
curve with three minor elevations interrupting the from any cause. 2. A similar instrument used
for passage through other canals, c. k demeure
downward stroke.
catatricrotism(kat"ah-trik'rS-tizm). The condition (S-de-mer') [Fr. demeurer, to dwell], one which is
in which the pulse curve is catatricrotic. retained permanently or for a considerable
catatro'pia [G. kata, down, + trope, a turn] Cata- period in the urethra, el'bowed t., one with an
phoria. angular bend near the beak, of use when there is
catechin (kat'e-kin). Catechinic or catechuic acid, obstruction by the prostate. Eusta'chian c,
CjiHjoOj + sHjO, an amorphous yellow powder one used for passage into the Eustachian tube.
from catechu; used as a stain. fau'cial c, Eustachian c. fe'male t., a short,
catechol (kat'e-kol). Pyrocatechin. nearly straight, metallic c. for passage into
catechu (kat'e-choo, kat'e-ku) [East Indian name.] the female bladder, prostat'ic c, elbowed c.
(Br.) Gambir (U.S.), a dried extract of the leaves ver'tebrated c, one made of several segments
and young shoots of Uncaria {Ourouparia) moving on each other like the links of a chain.
gambier, employed as an astringent in diarrhea winged c, a soft rubber c. with little flaps at
in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0) c. ni'gnim each side of the beak in order to retain it in the
(B.A.), black catechu, cutch, an extract of the bladder.
heart wood of Acacia catechu, employed as an cath'eter-fe'ver. A chill and fever following the
astringent in diarrhea in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3- passage of a catheter.
i.o). c. pal'lidum, the official catechu (Br.) or catheter-gauge (kath'e-tur-gaj). A metal plate with
gambir (U.S.). holes of graduated diameter used to determine
catelectrot'onus [cathode +
clectrotonus.'] The the size of a catheter.
change of electrical irritability and conductivity cath'eterism, catheteriza'tion. The passage of a
in a nerve or muscle in the neighborhood of the catheter.
cathode. catheteroBtat (kath'e-ttu'-o-stat) [catheter, + G.
catenating (kat'e-na"ting). Occurring in a chain or siatos, standing.] A stand for holding catheters.
series. cath'ion. Cation.
cat'enoid [L. catena, chain, + eidos, resemblance.] cath'odal. Relating to the cathode, t. dark
Like a chain, noting a colony of protozoa in space, Crookes'* space.
which the individuals are joined end to end. cathode (kath'od) [G. kathodos, a going down.] The
cat'gut. Sheep's intestine twisted into cords of negative pole or electrode of a constant electric
varying thickness, used in medicine as an current.
absorbable suture and ligature material, i.k.i.- catho'dic. Relating to the cathode ; electropositive.
catgut, c. sterilized in a solution of i part of cathodograph (ki-tho'do-graf). An «-ray picture,
iodine in 100 parts of a solution of potassium skiagram.
iodide, sil'verized c, prepared by immersion of cathol'icon [G katholikos, universal.] A panacea,
u. in a 2 per cent, solution of coUargolum for a remedy good for all diseases.
one week and then in 95 per cent, alcohol for a cation (kat'i-on) [G. kation, going down.] Kation,
quarter to half an hour. an ion, the basic radical, carrying a charge of
Catha (kath'ah) [Arab, khat.] A
genus of African positive electricity; the element which, during
plants of the order Celastracece. C. ed'ulis, khat electrolysis of a chemical compound, appears at
of the Arabs, a native of Abyssinia and Arabia the negative pole or cathode the atoms of hydro-
;

which is cultivated for use as a stimulant, the gen and of ail metals are cations in the case of a
;

leaves and twigs being used in the preparation salt the base is the cation, the acid the anion.
of a beverage which has properties similar to cat'kin [dim. of cat, from its fancied resemblance
those of tea and coffee, but said to be more to the tail of a cat.] In botany, a deciduous,
stimulating to the imagination, like alcohol; the scaly spike of unisexual flowers, as in the willow.
users of the beverage call the plant "flower of cat'lin, cat'ling. A long, sharp-pointed, double-
paradise." edged knife used in amputations.
cathar^sis [G. purification.] i. Purgation, excess- cat'nep, cat'nip. Cataria.
ive action of the bowels. 2. Freud's method Catoo'sa Springs, Georgia. Alkaline-saline waters
of treatment of a psychoneurosis, or freeing the "Chalybeate"; "Magnesia," "Alum," "Black
mind of an affect-memory, by recalling to the Sulphur," " White Sulphur," in all fifty-two
patient's consciousness the original exciting springs. Gastric, renal, and intestinal disorders,
cause and then working it off by letting him give and general debility.
expression, in speech or action, to the mental catopho'ria [G. kato, downward, +
pharos, a bearer.]
reaction thereby produced. A tendency of the visual axes to turn too far
cathar'tic. i. Purging, relating to catharsis. 2. downward.
An agent causing active movement of the catop'tric [G. katoptron, mirror.] Relating to re-
bowels. flected light.
cathar'tin. Cathartic acid, an extractive from cat's hair. Euphorbia pilulifera.
rhubarb and senna a brownish powder, cathartic
; Cattani's serum (kaht-tah'ne) [Giuseppina
in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). Cattani, Italian pathologist, ti9i5l A solu-
Cathelin's ves'ical divi'sor (kat-lan') [Femand tion of sodium carbonate, 3, and sodium
Cathelin, Parisian urologist, contemporary.] chloride, 4, in water, 100.
 —,
. ;

CAUDA 173 CAVERNOUS

cauaa (kaw'dah) [L.] A tail. Any tail, or tapering ment, treatment directed especially to a removal
or elongated extremity of an organ or other part. of the cause of a disease.
c. cerebell'i, vermis, c. epididym'idis, the globus causalgia (kaw-zal'ji-ah) [G. kausis, burning, -t-
minor of the epididymis.* c. equi'na [L. horse's algos, pain.] A burning pain associated with
tail], the bundle of spinal nerve roots arising from glossy skin.
the lumbar enlargement and conus meduUaris and cause [L. causal] That which produces an effect
running down through the lower partof the canal or condition; that by which a morbid change
below the first lumbar vertebra ; it comprises the or disease is brought about, constltu'tional c,
roots of all the spinal nerves below the first lum- a c. acting from within or through some sys-
bar, c. hel'icis, a flattened process terminating the temic defect, exci'ting c, the direct provoking
cartilage of the helix posteriorly and inferiorly. c. of a disease, predispo'sing c, anything which
c. stria'ti, the posterior narrowing portion of the produces a susceptibility or predisposition to a
nucleus caudatus. disease without exciting the disease itself, prox'-
caudad (kaw'dad). In a posterior imate c, the immediate actual c. specific c,
direction, or toward the tail. one the action of which produces only the one
caudal (kaw'dal) [L. caudalis.} definite disease; such is the pathogenic microbe
Relating to any cauda, or ana- of diphtheria, tuberculosis, or tetanus.
tomical structtu-e resembling a caus'tic [G. kaustikos; kaio, I bum.] i Corrosive
.

tail. exerting an effect resembling a bum; escharotic.

caudate (kaw'dat). i. Tailed, 2. An agent producing this effect, lu'nar c,
possessing a tail. .i. Nucleus* silvernitrate, mit'igated c, argenti nitras
caudatus. mitigatus. Vien'na c, a mixture of quicklime
cauda"tolentic'ulaT, caudolentic'- and caustic potassa.
ular. Relating to the caudate caustlcum (kaw'stl-kum). A
homeopathic remedy
and lenticular nuclei. prepared by mixing recently slaked lime with
cauda'tum. The nucleus caudatus. potassium bisulphate and distilling; employed in
caudez (kaw'deks) [L. trunk of a various neuroses and paralyses, chorea, chronic
tree,] The main portion or rheumatism, and catarrhal troubles.
trunk of an anatomical struc- cauter (kaw'ter). A
cautery iron.
ture, c. cer'ebri, (i) the main cauterant (kaw'ter-ant). i. Cauterizing 2. A
central portion of the brain cauterizing agent.
oblongata, pons, m
i d b ra i n Cauterets, France (ko-t«-ra'). Sulphurous waters,
thalami, and caudata; (2) 96° P. to 136° F. Numerous springs. Used by
pedunculus cerebri, c. doisa'- drinking and bathing in catarrhal, conditions,
lis, (i) medulla oblongata; (2) diseases of the respiratory organs, cutaneous
spinal cord. diseases, glandular affections, rheumatism, and
caudiduct (kaw'dl-dukt). To draw neuralgia. May 15 to October i.
caudad, backward, or in the cauteriza'tion. The act of cauterizing.
direction of the tail. cauterize (kaw'ter-Iz). To apply a cautery; to
caudocephalad (kaw-do-sef 'al-ad) bum with the actual or potential cautery.
In a direction from the tail cautery (kaw'ter-I) [G. kauterion, a branding i^on.]
toward the head. I An agent used for scarring or burning the skin
caul (kawl) [Gaelic, call, a veil.] or tissues by means of heat or of caustic chemicals.
I. The amnion forming the bag 2. The destructive effect produced by a cauteriz-
of waters, sometimes delivered Catlings. ing agent, ac'tual c, a c. consisting of actual fire
unruptured with the child; a or the heat produced by it. butt'on c, an actual
piece of amnion capping the child's head when c. in which the heated part is a knob on the end of
bom. 2. The great omentum. 3. Any serous a non-conducting handle. Corr'igan's c, button
membrane. pseu"doperitone'al c, a pathological c. elec'tric c, galvan'ic c, galvanocautery.
membranous formation about the colon. Paquelin c, see Paquelin. poten'tial c, a
caulicle (kaw'li-kl)[L. cauliculus, dim. of caulis, caustic, an agent such as potassium hydrate
stalk.] In botany, a minute embryonal or rudi- which forms an eschar without the agency
mentary stem. of actual fire, steam u., atmocausis vir'tual c,
caul'iflower excres'cence. Condyloma acumina- potential c.
tum. ca'va. Vena* cava.
cauUne (kaw'lin) [G. kaulinos; kaulos, a, stalk.] ca'val. Relating to a vena cava.
In botany, relating to a stem. c. bundle, a cav'aliy-bone. Rider's bone.*
vascular bundle confined to the stem. cav'ascope [L. cavum, hole, -t- G. skopeo, I view.]
caulophyllin (kaw-lof'il-in). A
concentration prep- An instrument for examining the interior of any
aration of Caulophyllum thaUctroides employed cavity.
in frequently repeated doses of \ gr. (o.oi) cav'ern [L. caverna, a grotto.] A cavity, especially
for the same indications as the crude drug. a pathological excavation from loss of pulmonary
caulophyl'lum [G. kaulos, stem, +
phyllon, leaf.] tissue in tuberculosis
(N.F.) Squaw root, papoose root, blue cohosh, cavernitis (kav-ur-ni'(ne')tis). Inflammation of the
the dried rhizome and roots of Caulophyllum corpus cavemosum penis.
thaUctroides; dose gr. 8 (0.5), or im8 (0.5) of the cavemo'ma, pi. caverno'mata [L. caverna, cavern, +
N.P. fluidextract; it is employed chiefly in G. -oma.] Cavernous angioma, i;. lymphat'icum,
eclectic practice as an emmenagogue, oxytocic, lymphangioma cavemosum.
and antispasmodic in doses of i to 3 drops of the cavernous (kav'ur-nus). Relating to a cavern or a
specific preparation frequently repeated. cavity; containing many cavities, t. angio'ma, a

caumesthesia, caumaesthesia(kaw-mes-the'zl-ah) vascular tumor consisting of many large spaces,

[G. kauma, heat, + A sense
aisthesis, sensation.] filled with blood, and freely intercommunicating.

of heat irrespective of the temperature of the air c. bod'y, corpus cavemosum. c. groove, sulcus

causal (kaw'zal). Relating to a cause, c. treat'- caroticus [BNA], see wider groove, c. idle, a hollow
 ;

CAVERNOUS 174 CEBOCEPHALUS

bubbling sound caused by air entering a cavity Retzius'* space, c. sep'ti pettu'cidi [BNA],
partly filled with fluid, c. res'onance, amphoric* cavity of the septum pellucidum, fifth ventricle,
resonance, c. respira'tion, a blowing sound heard a closed cavity, containing a little fluid, between
in both inspiration and expiration (the latter the two laminsB forming the septum pellucidum
being lower in pitch) on auscultation over a pul-
, it does not communicate with the other cere-
monary cavity, c. rhon'chus, t. rSle. c. sinus, bral cavities, c. subarachnoida'le, subarach-
sinus cavemosus. c. voice sound, the hollow noid cavity or space, the interval between the
or metallic voice soiind heard over a pulmonary arachnoidea and the pia mater; it varies in
cavity. size, being practically nonexistent over the
cavilla (k^-vil'ah) [L. dim. of cavum, cavity.^ Os summits of the cerebral convolutions, but wider
sphenoidale [BNA]. in the intervals, and is flUed with a mesh of
cav'itaiy. Relating to a cavity. loose fibrous tissue and cerebrospinal fluid;
cav'itas. A cavity, c. glenoida'lis [BNA], glenoid it contains the larger branches of the blood-
cavity.* vessels of the brain. The spinal subarachnoid
cavita'tion. The formation of a cavity, as in the space is wide and is divided into three com-
lung in tuberculosis. partments by the subarachnoid septum and the
Cavlte fe'ver (kah-ve-ta') [Cavitl, a town on the ligamenta denticulata. b. subdura'le, subdural
Bay of Manila. P. I.] A fever with muscular cavity or space, the very narrow interval be-
pains and high temperature, occurring at the tween the dura mater and the arachnoid; it
Cavitl naval station, somewhat resembling contains only a small amount of fluid sufiicient
dengue, to moisten the opposing surfaces of the two
cavitis (kav-i'(e')tis). Celophlebitis. membranes, c. thora'cis, thoracic cavity, c.
cav'ity [L. cavitas.] A abdom'inal
hollow space, tym'pani, cavity of the tympanum, tympanic
c, the space bounded by the abdominal walls, cavity, middle ear; an air chamber in the tem-
the diaphragm, and the pelvis, amniotic c, poral bone containing the ossicles; it is divided
the space enclosed by the amnion, especially into the atrium or tympanum, the lower part of
that between the amniotic sac and the embryo. the cavity lying to the inner side of the mem-
ank'yroid c, the comu inferius of the lateral brani tympani, and the recessus epitympanicus
ventricle, com'plez c, in dentistry, a c. in- or attic, c. u'teri [BNA], uterine cavity, c.
volving two or more surfaces of a tooth, cot'- ves'ico-uteri'num, excavatio rectouterina [BNA].
yloid c, the acetabulum, cra'nial c, the space ca'vus [L. hollow.] Talipes cavus.
contained within the skull, dig'ital c, the cayapo'nia. The root of Cayaponia globosa or
comu posterius of the lateral ventricle, fissure C. caboclea,Brazilian plants, having piirgative
c, in dentistry a t. beginning in a fissure. and emmenagogue properties.
gle'noid c, the hollow in the head of the scapula cayap'onine. An alkaloid from the root of Caya-
which receives the head of the humerus to make ponia globosa, SL Brazilian plant; it is purgative
the shoulder joint, omocotyle, acetabulum in doses of gr. J—J- (0.01-0.03).
humeri, he'mal c, coelom. na'sal c, the nasal Cayenne pepp'er (ka-en', M-en'). Capsictim.
fossa, o'ral c, cavum oris, pel'vic c, the Cazenave's lu'pus (kahz-nav') [P. L. Alph6e Caze-
space bounded by the bones of the pelvis; it nave, Parisian dermatologist, 1795— 1877,] Lu-
contains the bladder and rectum and, in the pus erythematosus. C.'s vitili'go, area* Celsi.
female, the uterus, peritone'al fc., cavum Cb. Chemical symbol of Columbiuin.
peritonaei. pit c, in dentistry a c. beginning CO. Abbreviation for cubic centimeter; the U.S.P.
in a pit. sig'moid c, one of three hollows: two term for this is mil.*
of the ulna, incisura semilunaris, incisura C.C.C. Abbreviation of cathodal closing, or
radialis; and one of the radius, incisura ulnaris. closure contraction; also written CaCC.
Eomat'ic c, ccelom. splanch'nic c, one of the CCl3.CH(0H),. Chloral hydrate, CCI3CHO.H2O.
three visceral cavities, cranial, thoracic, and ab- CjCljHO,. Trichloracetic acid, CClj.COOH.
dominal including the pelvic, thorac'ic c, the c.cm. Abbreviation for cubic centimeter, c.c.
cavity of the chest, vis'ceral c, splanchnic c. C. C. S. Abbreviation for casualty clearing station.
cavo-surface (ka"vo-sur'fis). Relating to a cavity CCTe. Abbreviation for cathodal closing, or
and the surface of a tooth, noting especially closure, tetanus.*
the c.-s. angle formed by the junction of the Cd. Symbol of the element cadmivmi.
cavity wall and the surface of the tooth. Ce. Symbol of the element cerium.
ca'vum [L.] A hollow, hole, or cavity, c. abdom- ceanothin (se-an'o-thin). An eclectic preparation
ina'le, c. abdom'inis, the abdominal cavity. from Ceanothus americanus; a brown powder
c. articula're, a joint cavity, c. con'ch£B, having alterative properties employed in
; syphilis,
cavity of the concha, the lower, larger, portion dysentery, and catarrhal pharyngitis in doses of
of the concha below the crus helicis it forms the ; gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13).
vestibule to the external auditory meatus. ceanothus (se-S-no'thus) [G. keanothos, a kind of
c. Doug'Iasi, excavatio rectouterina [BNA]. thistle.] New Jersey tea, the root or bark of the
c. epidura'le, epidural cavity, the space between root of Ceanothus americanus, red root, a shrub
the walls of the spinal canal and the dura mater of eastern North America; it is employed in
of the cord. c. mediastina'le, mediastinum. eclectic practice in the treatment of diseases of
c. m. ante'rius [BNA], anterior mediastinum. the spleen and of catarrhal troubles associated
c. m. poste'rius [BNA], posterior mediastinum. with profuse mucous secretion; dose nEi-2
c. o'ris, cavity of the mouth, the space between (0.03-0.13) of the specific preparation.
the dental arches, limited posteriorly by the ce'arin. An ointment vehicle composed of wax 1,
isthmus of the fauces, c. pel'vis, the pelvic paraffin 3, and liquid vaselin 4; is said to be
cavity, c. peritonae'i, peritoneal cavity, the miscible with water.
interior of the sac formed by the parietal layer ceasmlc (se-as'mik) [G. keazd, I split, cleave.] Not-
of the peritoneum, containing all the abdominal ing a fissure or abnormal cleavage of parts.
organs except the kidneys, c. pleu'ree [BNA], cebocephalus (se-bo-sef'S-lus) [G. kebos, monkey,
pleural cavity, c. Ret'zii, preperitoneal space,
-I- kephale, head.] A monster with features
 J

CEBOCEPHALUS I7S CELIOMYOSITIS

like those of a monkey, slightly marked or high-pitched weak voice, and muscular weak-
absent nose and close-set eyes. ness, glands,
t. lymphoglandulffi coeliacae
ce'cal, cse'cal. i. Relating to the cecum, a. End- N
[B A] a group of preaortic lymph glands around
,

ing blindly or in a cul-de-sac. the c. artery, u. pas'sion, diarrhea, c. plex'us,

cecec'tomy, c£ecec'tomy [L. ctBcum -t- G. ektome, plexus coeliacus, solar plexus.
excision.] Excision of the cecum, typhlectomy. celiag'ra, coeliag'ra [G. kpilia, belly, -I- agra, seizure.]
cecitis, csecitis (se-si'(se')tis). Typhlitis. A gouty affection of the stomach or other ab-
ce'copexy [L. ccecum + G. pexis, fixation.] Typhlo- dominal organs.
pexia. celial'gia, coelial'gia [G. koilia, belly, + algos, pain.]
cecoplica'tion. Operative reduction in size of a Colic, abdominal pain.,
dilated cecum by the formation of folds or tucks celiectasia, coeliectasia (se-li-ek-ta'sl-ah) [G. koilia,
in its wall. .belly, +
ektasis, extension.] Abdominal disten-
cecopto'sis [L. ccecum +
G. ptosis, a. falling.] Ty- tion.
phloptosis, downward displacement of the celiec'tomy, cceliec'tomy [G. koilia, belly, ektome +
cecum. excision.] Excision of any abdominal organ, or
cecos'tomy, qaecos'tomy [L. ciBcum + G. stoma, part of one.
mouth.] The operative formation of a cecal celiocentesis, coellocentesis (se"lI-o-sen-te'sis) [G.
fistula. koilia, belly, -f- puncture.] Puncture
keniesis,
cecum, caecum (se'kum) [L. cacus, blind.] i. of the abdomen, paracentesis, celioparacentesis.
Typhlon, blind gut; the cul-de-sac, about 2 celiocolpotomy, cceliocolpot'omy [G. koilia, belly, -f
inches in depth, lying below the ileocecal valve, kolpos, sinus (vagina), -I- tome, incision.] Celio-
forming the first part of the large intestine, z. elytrotomy.
Any similar structure ending in a cul-de-sac. c. celioelytrotomy, coeHoelytrotomy (se"U-o-eW-trot'o-
cupula're, cupular blind sac, lagena; the upper mi) [G. koilia, belly, + elytron, sheath (vagina),
blind extremity of the ductus cochlearis. c. -1- tom^, incision.] An operation involving an
vestibula're, vestibular blind sac; the lower opening into the abdomen through the vagina,
extremity of the ductus cochlearis, occupying for the purpose Of removing a timior, the product
the recessus cochlearis in the vestibule. of an ectopic pregnancy, etc.
ce'dar [L. cedrus; G. kedros^ A general term ap- celioenterotomy, coelioenterotomy (se"U-o-en-ter-
plied to many coniferous trees of the genera ot'o-ml) [G. koilia, belly, + enteron, intestine, -|-
Cedrus, Juniperus, Thuya, etc. c. oil, oleum tome, incision.] Opening into the intestine
cedrelae, cedar-wood oil, a volatile oil distilled through an incision in the abdominal wall.
from the wood of Spanish cedar or cigar-box cedar, celiogastros'tomy, coeliogastros'tomy|G. feot'Wa, belly,
Cedrela odorata; used as a perfume. + gaster, stomach, +
stoma, mouth.] Es- ,

Cedar Springs, Ohio. Light alkaline-chalybeate tablishment of a gastric fistula through an inci-
waters. Numerous springs. Renal diseases, sion in the abdominal wall.
cystic catarrh, and dyspepsia. celiogastrot'omy, coeUogastrot'omy [G. koilia, belly,
Ced'rela. A
genus of tropical trees, one species of H- gaster, stomach, + tome,' incision.] Ab-
which, C. odorata, is the Spanish cedar from dominal section with incision of the stomach.
which cigar boxes are made; cedar oil, or cedar- celiohysterec'tomy, coeliohysterec'tomy [G. koilia,
wood oil, is distilled from the wood of this belly, -I- hysiera, womb, +
ektome, excision.]
species. Abdominal hysterectomy; removal of the uterus
ce'^on. The wood of Simaba cedron, a tree of through an abdominal incision.
tropical America; used as a febrifuge in doses celiohystero-oothecectomy, coeliohystero-oothecec-
of gr. 10—30 (0.6—2.0). tomy (se"U-o-his"ter-o-o-o-the-sek'to-mi) [G. koi-
cel'andine. Chelidonium. lia, belly, -I- hystera, uterus, -t- don, ovum, +
celas'trus [G. kelastros, privet.] The bark,
espe- iheke, case, box, -I- ektome, excision ] Removal
cially the root bark, of Celastrus scandens, climb- of uterus and ovaries through an abdominal
ing bittersweet, fever- twig, a woody climber of incision.
the eastern United States; employed in the celiohysterosalpingo-oothecec'tomy, cceliohystero-
treatment of hepatic affections and as a diuretic salpingo-oothecectomy (se"lI-o-his"ter-o-sal"pin-
in doses of 5i-i (2.0-4.0) of a fluidextract. go-o-o-the-sek'to-ml) [G. koilia, belly, + hys-
-cele [G. kele, tumor, hernia.] A
denoting
suffix ,
tera, uterus + salpinx(salping-), trumpet, +
a swelling or hernia of the part signified by the don, ovum, -f- theke, case, box, 4- ekiom-e, excis-
main word. ion.] Removal of the uterus and adnexa through
celec'tome [G. kele, tumor, + ektome, excision,] an abdominal incision.
An instrument, such as the harpoon, for obtain- celiohysterot'omy, cceliohysterot'omy
[G. koilia,
ing a bit of tissue from the interior of a tumor belly, + hysiera, womb,
tome, incision.]
-t-

for examination. Abdominal hysterotomy; incision of the uterus

celen'teron. Ccelenteron, archenteron. through the abdominal wall, as in cesarean sec-
celeri'na. A proprietary remedy, recommended as tion.
a nerve-tonic. celiomyargia coeliomyal'gia [G. koilia, belly, +
cel'eiy [G. selinon, parsley.] Apium graveolens; mys{myo-), muscle, +
algos, pain.] Rheumatic
a plant cujtivated for use as a salad, the blanched pain in the abdominal muscles.
stems being so used; the seeds are employed in celiomyomec'tomy, coeliomyomec'tomy [G. koilia,

medicine tmder the term, apium, as a diuretic belly, + myoma + ektome, excision.] Removal
and antispasmodic. of a myoma of the uterus through an abdominal
Relating to the incision.
ce'liac, cce'liac [G. koilia, belly.]
abdominal cavity. c. ar'tery, c. ax'is, arteria celiomyomotomy, coeliomyomotomy (se"U-o-mi"o-
coeliaca. t. a subacute diarrhea,
disease', mot'o-ml) [G. koilia, belly, + myoma -\- tome,
marked by large whitish, frothy stools, becoming incision.] Celiomyomectomy.
celiomyositis, coeliomyositis (se-H-o-mi-o-si'(se')tis)
later greenish or dark brown, occurring chiefly
in children under five years of age; the general
[G. koilia, belly, -t- niys{myo~), muscle, -iiis,"] +
Infiammation of the abdominal muscles.
symptoms are pallor, arrest of development.
 .

CELIOPARACENTESIS 176 CELL

celioparacente'sis, ccelioparacente'sis [ij. koilia, basket c, a neuron the fibrils of whose axis-cylinder
parakcutcd, I puncture at the side.] form a network surrounding the body of another cell.
belly, + beaker c., goblet c.
Paracentesis, or puncture, of the abdomen;
bipolar c, a neuron having two processes.
celii.icentesis.
blood c, one of the formed elements of the blood, a
celiopyo'sis, cceliopyo'sis (se"h-o-pi-o'sis) [G. koilia, leucocyte or erythrocyte.
belly, + pyosis, suppuration.] Pyoperitoneum, bone c, one of the nucleated cells in the lacunae of
purulent peritonitis. bone tissue.
celior'rhaphy, coelior'rhaphy [G. koilia, belly, + border c, delomorphous c.
rhaphc, scam.] Suture of a wound in the bristle c, one of the hair cells of the organ of Corti.
bronchic c, ymlmonary air cell.
abdominal wall.
brood c, mother c.
celiosalpingectomy, coeliosalpingectomy (se"lI-o-saP
calcig'erous c, a c. of the dentine, containing cal-
pin-jek^to-mij [G. koilia, belly, + salpinx, trum-
pet, + ekiome, excision.] Removal of one or both
Fallopian tubes through an abdominal incision.
celiosalpingo-oothecectomy, coeliosalpingo-oothe-
cectomy (se"lI-o-sal"pin-go-o-o-the-sek'to-mI) [G.
koilia, belly, + salpinxi salping-), trumiuet, +
don, ovum, + iheke, case, box, + ekiome, excis-
ion.] Removal of the Fallopian tube and ovary
through an abdominal incision.
celiosalpingotomy, coeliosalpingotomy se"n-o-sal-
ping-got'o-ml) [G. koilia, belly, -(- salpinx (sal-
ping-), trumpet, + tome, incision.] Incision into
the Fallopian tube, for tubal pregnancy, salpingitis,
etc., through an opening in the abdominal wall.
celios'copy, ccelios'copy [G. koilia, the belly, a
chamber, -|- skopeo, I view.] Examination of
the abdominal ca\'ity; see celoscopy.
celiot'omize, cceliot'omize. To subject to the
operation of celiotomy.
ScHEMATic Diagram of a Cell: i. Cell membrane; 2;
celiot'omy, cceliot'omy [G. koilia, belly, + lome, metoplasm granules; caryosome; 4, hyaloplasm;
,1,

incision.] Abdominal section, laparotomy. 5, spongioplasm ; Unin network; 7, nucleoplasm.

6,
attraction sphere; 9, centrosome; 10, plastids; 11,
celitis, coelitis (se-li'(le')tis) [G koilia, belly, + 8,
chromatin network; 12, nuclear membrane; 13
-itis."] Inflammation of the abdomen, peritonitis. nucleolus; 14, vacuole.
cell [L. cella,a small chamber.] i. A minute
careous salts.
structure, the living, active basis of all plant and
calic'iform c, goblet c.
animal organization, composed of a mass of carrier c, scavenger c, phagocyte.
protoplasm, enclosed in a delicate membrane and car'tilage c, sec cartilage.
containing a differentiated part, the nucleus central c, adelomorphous c.
Cells are of the most varied form and structure column c, colum'nar c, one of the neurons in the
according to the function which they have to posterior columns of the spinal cord, the axis cylinders
perform; some are simple in structure and lead of which pass to the anterior and lateral fasciculi
proprii, or ground bundles, and to the posterior funic-
an independent or quasi-independent existence,
ulus, or white column.
being capable of reproduction and adaptation to
connec'tive-tiss'ue c, any of the cells of varied form
environment; others are highly differentiated, occurring in connective tissue.
fixed in form and location, and incapable of daughter c, one of the cells rcsuhing from the divi-
reproduction, self-nutrition, or locomotion. 2 sion of a parent c.
A small closed or partly closed cavity such as decid'ual c, one of the large granular cells arising
the air cells, or alveoli, of the lungs, the spaces from the mucous membrane of the uterus after
irnpregnation of the ovum,
in cancellous bone-tissue, etc. 3. An element
delomor'plious c, one of the large, isolated, readily
or unit of a galvanic battery, or the chamber
stainable cells in many of the gastric glands, espe-
containing the metals and acid media by the cially at the cardia; lab-cell, border cell.
chemical action of which the electricity is pro- dem'ilune c, Gianuzzi"s^^ cell.
duced. (For the cells not here defined see the den'tinal c, calcigcrous c.
qualifying word.) dome c., one of cells composing the epitrichium in
the embryo.
acid c, one of the gastric cells supposed to secrete elemen'tary c, embryon'ic c, ( t) one of the primitive
the acid of the gastric juice. cells in the embryo from which all the cells of the body
acous'tic c, a hair-coll of the organ of Corti. are developed; (2) an undifferentiated cell in the adult
adelomor'phous c, one of numerous small, pale, having the characteristics of a cell of the embr>'o,
closely aggregated cells in the gastric glands, both of endog'enous c, a cell formed within a cell and
the cardia and of the pylorus; principal cell. retained within the common enveloping membrane.
ad'ipose c, fat c. endothe'lial c., a flat cell forming the lining mem-
adventi'tial c, pcrithelial c. brane of the blood-vessels and serous membranes.
airc, one of the pulmonary alveoli, alveoli pulmo- epen'dymal c., a cell lining the central canal of the
numflJNA]. spinal cord (those of pyramidal shape) or one ol the
albu'minous c, ccllula aquifcra. cerebral ventricles (those of cuboidal shape).
am'acrine c, see atnacrine epider'mic c, one of the cells of the epidermis,
ame'boid c, a c. such as a leucocyte, having ame- epithe'lial c, one of the cells forming the epithelial
boid movements, with a power of locomotion; wander- surf-icp of the skin and mucous membrane.
ing c. eth'moid c, cellula ethmoidalis.
apo'lar c, a neuron without processes. fat c., a connective-tissue c.
distended with fat
apoplec'tic c, a cavity in the brain sut)Ktance, rrsult- glr.lniles, the cytoplasm being
compressed into a thin
ing frrtm the absorption of the blood elTused dunii); an envelope, with the nucleus at one point
in the per-
apopJeutic atlrifk. iphory,
basal c, bas'ilar c, one of the cells forming the deep- fiber c, an elongated cell forming
a conncctivc-tisues
est layer of the epithelium. or muscular fiber.
CELL 177 CELL-COLOR RATIO

floor c, one of the auditory cells in the floor of the plasma c,, a large cell, resembling a lymphocyte, but
arch of Corti. of greater size, containing a large amount of basophile
foam c, Mikulicz's cell, one of the characteristic cytoplasm and a markedly excentric nucleus.
vacuolated connective-tissue cells, often containing prickle c, one of the cells of the stratum, germina-
numbers of the pathogenic bacilli, found in rhino- tivum (rete mucosum) of' the skin, having numerous
scleroma. spines or radiating processes.
galvan'ic c, see under galvanic. primor'dial c, embryonic c.
ganglion c, nerve c. prin'cipal c.^ adelomorphous c.
gas-chain c, a device employed in physical chem- prop c, Purkinje's* c.
istry to determine the dissociation of substances in purpar c, the specific cell of the spleen substance;
solution by means of their electrical conductivity. macrophag.
germ, c, the primitive ovum.
ger'minal c, cytoblast.
giant c, a cell of large size, often with many nuclei.
goblet c, an epithelial
cell which has been dis-
tended with mucin, and
when this is discharged as
mucus a crateriform or gob-
let-shaped shell remains.
grav'ity c, a galvanic c.
in which the two fluids are
not separated by a solid
partition but are kept from
mixing by difference in spe-
cificgravity.
hair c, a columnar cell
having a row of fine stiff
hair-like projections on the
free surface, found in the
maculae acusticse and in the
organ of Corti,
Spider Cells.
hecateromer'ic c, see Ciliated Epithelial P3Tam'idal c, a nerve-cell of the cerebral cortex; it
hecatomeric. AND Goblet Cells. is of triangular outline with apex directed toward the
heckle c, prickle c. On the left is seen a center of the convolution and drawn out into a long
heterom.er'ic c, see hetero- goblet cell discharg-
apical dendritic process, and gives out also numerous
meric. ing its contents; in
the center is an lateral dendrites; a slender axon proceeds from the
indiff'erent c, an undiffer-
empty goblet cell. base and descends to the white portion of the gyrus
entiated, non-specialized
which it enters as a nerve-fiber.
embryonic cell.
pyr'rhol c; perithelial c; see also under pyrrhol.
c, Henle's c, Leydig's c, one of the cells
intersti'tial
resting c, a quiescent c, one not undergoing mitosis.
in'the connective tissue of the seminiferous tubules and scav'enger c, a connective tissue or neuroglia cell
the septa of the testis, or in the connective tissue of the which assists in absorbing and carrying off irritant
ovary, which are believed to furnish the internal secre- products in inflammatory conditions.
tion of these organs. serous c, cellula aquifera,
lymphoid c, a cell^resembling a leucocyte with large sleeping c, a cell which has become atrophied
nucleus, present in the lymph-glands. through disease, but which is capable of renewed
mast c, see mast*-ceU. growth and activity when properly stimulated.
mastoid c, cellula mastoidea. sperm c, a primitive spermatozoon.
mossy c, one of the two types of neuroglia cells, spider c, one of the two types of neuroglia cells,
consisting of a rather large body with numerous short consisting of a small body with numerous long straight
branching processes. processes.
mother c, a cell which, by division, gives rise to two squamous c, a flat scale-like epithelial cell.
or more daughter cells. sustentac'ular c, one of the ordinary elongated cells,
motor c, the neuron of a motor nerve-fibril. resting on the basement membrane, which surround
mucous c, a cell secreting mucus, goblet c. and serve as a support to the shorter specialized cells
mus'cular c, one of the elongated fiber cells of mus- in certain organs, such as the labyrinth.
cular tissue. tubal air c, cellula pneumatica tubaria [BNA],
nerve-c, ganglion c, the cell body of the neuron; a tympan'ic c, cellula tympanica.
nerve-c. of the first type, or Deiter's c, has one neur- wandering c, ameboid c.
axon continuous with the axis-cylinder of a nerves
fiber; a nerve-c. of the second type, or Golgi's c, har ceVla, gen. and pi. cellee [L. a cell, storehouse, or
one neuraxon which does not form the axis-cylinde- compartment.] A cell. c. meMia, the body or
of a nerve-fiber, but divides into numerous branches central portion, pars of the lateral
centralis ,

forming a dendraxon; a nerve-c. of the third type, or

'' ventricle, of the brain, in the region of the
Cajal's c, has two or more neuraxons.
parietal lobe, extending from the foramen of
neurog'lia c, one of two types of cells, spider cells
and mossy cells {q.v.) occurring in the neuroglia. Monro to the splenium of the corpus callosum.
neuromus'cular c, a cell of a protozoan or lower cellase (sel'az). A ferment, or diastase, acting
metazoan organism which is both sensitive and con- specifically upon cellose.
tractile. cellasin (sel'a-sin).Trade name o£ a ferment, said
oat -shaped c, a short, bluntly spindle-shaped cell to be prepared from a culture of certain fungi,
containing a long oval nucleus, the characteristic which splits sugars and is said to pass unchanged
element of some forms of sarcoma.
through the stomach and to act as an emulsifier
oss'eous c, bone c.
parent c, mother c. of fats in the duodenum.
pari'etai c, Gianuzzi's* crescent. cell-bridges. Minute protoplasmic threads knitting
perithe'lial c, adventitial c, a clasmatocyte* lying together the constituent cells of multicellular
immediately external to the capillary wall. organisms, serving presumably as nutrient chan-
pea'sary c, a red blood cell in which the hemoglobin nels and for the transmission of physiological
has disappeared from the center, leaving only the peri- impulses.
phery visible.
A
'

cell-color ratio (sel"kul-ur ra'shyo). figure ob-

pigment c, a connective-tissue c. containing pigment
tained by dividing the percentage of red blood
granules.
12
CELL-COLOR RATIO 178 CENESTHESIA

cells (5,000,000 being the normal) by the per- celluloneuritis (sel"u-lo-nu-ri'(re')tis). Inflamma-
centage of hemoglobin. tion of the nerve cells, acute' ante'rior c,
celloi'din. Pyroxylin purified by solution in Raymond's term for polyneuritis, acute anterior
ether and alcohol, used for embedding histological poliomyelitis, and Landry's paralysis which he
specimens. regarded as one disease.
cellon (sel'on) Tetrachlorethane, acetylene tetra-
.
cel'lulose. A carbohydrate having the same per-
chloride, CHCh.CHCh; a substance employed centage composition as starch, forming the basis
as a solvent o£ cellulose to make a coating for the of vegetable fiber.
wings of aeroplanes; its fumes cause drowsiness, celol'ogy [G. kele, hernia, -I- -logia.] The branch
jaundice, and general malaise. of surgery which has to do with hernia.
cell-organ. One of the differentiated parts of ce'lom. Coelom.
certain cells (situated usually in the outer zone celonychia (se-lo-nik'I-ah) [G. koilos, hollowed, +
or ectoplasm) which may perform functions of onyxipnych-), nail.] A
deformity of the nail
digestion, etc such cell-organs are the cytosome,
; marked by a concavity of the surface, spoon-
cytopyge, plastids, or protoplasts, etc. nail.
cell'ose. A product of the hydrolysis of celMose. celophlebitis, coelophlebitis (se-lo-flS-bi'(be')tis) [G]
cellot'ropin. Monobenzoyl-arbutin, occurring as a koilos, hollow, + phleps(phleb-), vein, + -itis.'

white powder or in fine acicular crystals;, em- Inflammation of a vena cava; cavitis.
ployed in the treatment of tuberculosis and celoschisis (se-los'ki-sis) [G. koilia, belly, -I- schisis,
scrofulous affections in doses of gr. 5-8 (o 3-0 5). .
. a fissure.] Gastroschisis, a congenital fissure of
cel'lula, gen. and pi. cel'lula [L. dim. of cella.] the abdominal wall, usually with protrusion of
Cellule, a minute cell, a small compartment. the viscera.
c. aquif'era, albuminous cell, serous cell, one of celos'copy, coelos'copy [G. koilos, hollow, skopeo, +
the cells of the salivary glands secreting an I view.] Examination of any cavity of the body.
albuminous fluid, c. co'U, haustrum. c. eth- celoso'mia [G. kele, hernia, -f- soma, body.] Con-
moida'lis, ethmoidal cell; one of the air cells of genital protrusion of the abdominal or thoracic
the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone; they viscera, usually with defect of the sternum and
are arranged in three groups, anterior, middle, ribs as well as of the abdominal walls.
and posterior, and communicate with the nasal celoso'mus. A monster with celosomia.
fossse, the cells of the first two with the middle celot'omy [G. kele, hernia, -I- tome, incision.] Divi-
meatus and those of the posterior group with the sion of the constricting ring for the relief of an
superior meatus, u. mastoid'ea, mastoid cell, irreducible or strangulated hernia, kelotomy.
one of numerous small intercommunicating celozo'ic, coelozo'ic [G. koilos, hollow, + 20, I live.]
cavities in the mastoid process of the temporal Inhabiting any of the cavities of the body (there-
bone which empty into the mastoid or tympanic fore extracellular); noting certain parasitic
antrum, c. mucip'ara, mucous cell. c. pneu- protozoa, chiefly gregarines.
mat'ica tuba'ria [BNA], tubal air cell, one of Cel'sius scale [Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer,
several occasional small cavities in the lowei 1701— 1744.] Centigrade scale reversed; a ther-
wall of the Eustachian tube, near the tympanic mometer scale in which 100 degrees indicates the
orifice, communicating with the cavity of the freezing point (32° F.) and zero the point of boil-
tympanum, u. tympan'ica, tympanic cell, one ing water (212** F.); each degree Celsius equals 1.8
of numerous groove-like depressions in the walls degree Fahrenheit.
of the tympanic cavity, commimicating with Cel'sus' or Cel'sian a'rea [Aulus (or Aurelius)
the tubal pneumatic cells. Cornelius Celsus, a Roman writer of the first
ceriular [L. cellula, a small compartment, dim. of century, author of a treatise on medicine.]
cella, storeroom.] 1. Relating to, derived from, Alopecia areata. C.'s chan'cre, chancroid. C.'s
or composed of cells. 2. Areolar, having ke'rion, inflamed and suppurating kerion. C.'s
numerous compartments or interstices, c. tis'sue, opera'tion, (i) circular amputation by a single
a loose connective containing many
tissue, sweep of the knife; (2) lithotomy performed by
spaces or interstices, such as the subcutaneous cutting directly upon the stone pressed into the
connective tissue, c. tu'mor, a tumor composed perineum by two fingers in the rectum. C.'s
of cells in a more or less homogeneous stroma hav- pap'ules, lichen agrius. C.'s vitili'go, anesthetic
ing no definite histoid structure, such as sarcoma. leprosy.
cell'ule. Cellula. cement (se-ment', sem'ent) [L. ccnnentum.] i. Ce-
cellulicidal (sel"u-U-si'dal) [L. cellula + ccedere, to mentum, substantia ossea. .:. Any ground sub-
Idll.] Destructive to cells. stance holding together cells or other structures.
cellulif'ugal [L. cellula + fugere, to flee.] Moving 3 In operative dentistry, zinc oxychloride or other
.

from, or extending in a direction away from, a adhesive material used in filling a tooth-cavity.
cell or cell-body, noting certain cells repelled by muscle c, myoglia. nerve c, neuroglia, tootii
other cells, or processes extending from the body c, substantia ossea.
of a cell. cement'oblast [L. casmenium, cement, -f- G. hlastos,
cell'ulin. Cellulose. germ.] One of the cells from which the sub-
cellulip'etal [L. cellula + peiere, to seek.] Moving stantia ossea of the teeth is developed.
toward, or extending in a direction toward, a cemento'ma, cffimento'ma. A tumor arising from
cell or cell-body, the substantia ossea of the teeth or composed
cellulitis (sel-u-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of cellu- of similar substance.
lar or connective tissue, pel'vic y., parametritis, cementoperiostitls, casmentoperiostitis (se-men-to-
inflammation of the cellular tissue surrounding per-i-os-ti'(te')tis). Riggs' disease.
the uterus. cemento'sis. An enlargement or outgrowth from
ceir'ulocuta'neous. Relating to the skin and the root of a tooth.
subcutaneous connective tissue. cemen'tum, csemen'tiun. Cement; substantia ossea.
oeiruloid. A mixture of camphor and gun-cotton, cenesthesia, coensesthesia (se-nes-the'zl-ah) [G.
or pyroxylin, made to imitate ivory, tortoise- koinos, common, -I- aisthesis, sensation.] The
shell, etc. general sense of bodily existence; the suboon-
CENESTHESIA 179 CENTER
scious sensation caused by the functioning of the divis'ion c, kinetonucleus.
internal organs. ejacula'tion c, ejac'ulatory c, a center in the cord
Relating to cenesthesia,
cenesthe'sic, cenesthet'ic. about opposite the fourth luinbar vertebra which con-
to the subconscious perception of somatic exist- trols erection and seminal emission; a portion ol the

ence. genitospinal c.

ceno'bium, coeno'bium [G. koinobion, community

epigas'tric c.) abdominal c.
epio'tic c, the center of ossification of the mastoid
life.] I. In botany, a colony of independent process.
organisms contained within a common invest-
ment. :i. In zoology, a cluster of many unicellu-
lar organisms on a single pedicel.
Cenomonadi'na [G. kainos, recent.] A family of
Monadina, including ameboid organisms with
small, frequently elongated, bodies provided with
a flagellum at one end.
cenopho'bia [G. kenos, empty, + phobos, fear.]
A morbid dread of being in an open space, agora-
phobia,
cenosite (se'no-sit) [G. koinos, common, sitos, +
food.] Afacultative commensal organism; one
which can sustain itself apart from its usual host.
censor (sen'sor) [L. .censere, to value, judge.] The
psychic barrier which prevents certain uncon-
scious thoughts and wishes from coming to con-
sciousness unless they are so cloaked or disguised
as to be unrecognizable.
centaurea (sen-taw're-ah) [See centaurium.]
Blessed thistle, Cnicus benedictus, employed as a
bitter tonic in doses of 5J~i (2.0—4.0), usually
in infusion.
centaurium, centaury (sen-taw're-um; sen'taw-ri)
[G. kentauros, a centaur, the drug being said
to have ctured a wound in one of the centaurs.]
(N.F.) The dried flowering plant, Erythrcea
centaurium, employed like gentian as a bitter
tonic in dose of gr. 30 (2.0).
center, centre [L. centrum; G. kentron.l i. The
middle point of a body; loosely, the interior of a
body. 2. A group of nerve-cells governing any
function or receiving or sending out any stimulus.
abdom'inal c, (i) a c. in the lower thoracic spinal
cord for skin reflexes of the epigastric region; (2) solaJ
plexus.
accelerating c, a c. in the medulla supposed to
increase the rapidity of the heart's action.
acous'tic c, auditory c.
anospi'nal c, a c. in the lumbar enlargement of the
spinal cord, controlling defecation.
arm c, a c. in the cerebral cortex in the fissure of
Rolando, controlling arm movements.
associa'tion c, one of several centers in the cerebral
cortex and the cerebellum controlling associated
movements.
auditopsy'cliical c, a higher auditory center situated
in the posterior part of the first temporal convolution.
au'ditory c, the c. for hearing, situated in the gyri
in the Sylvian fissure.
cardioaccel'eratory c, accelerating c.
cardioinhib'itory c, a medullary c. excitation of
which slows the action of the heart.
cerebrospi'nal c, cerebrospinal axis, the brain and
spinal cord. n

ciliospi'nal c, the center for dilatation of the pupil,

in the lower cervical and upper thoracic portion of
the spinal cord.
color c, a center assigned to the cortex of the occipi- Cortical Brain-cbnters: A, Lateral surface, B, medial
surface, C, upper surface, of the hemispheres. C. C.,
tal region where color perception resides.
corpus callosum: F', F^ F^, ist, 2d, and 3d frontal
convul'sion c, a c. in the floor of the fourth ventricle, convolutions: G. F., gyrus fornicatus; P. L., paracen-
injury to which excites convulsions. tral lobule; P O., posterior central gyrus; PR., pre-
coor'dinating c, association c. centrai or anterior central gyrus; T^ first or superior
cor'tical c, any of the many centers in the cerebral temporal gyrus; T^, second or middle temporal gyrus;
cortex. T', third or inferior temporal gyrus; T* occipitotem-
coughing c, a c. above the respiratory c. m
the poral, subcoUateral, or fusiform gyrus; T', subcalcarine
or lingual gyrus. Centers: i, foot; 2, knee; 3. leg; 4.
medulla, excitation of which produces coughing.
hip; S. body; 6, shoulder; 7, elbow; 8, arm; 9, wrist;
defeca'tion c, anospinal c. 10, fingers; 11, thumb; 12, neck; 13, eyelids; 14, nose;
degluti'tion c, a c. in the floor of the fourth ventncle IS. lips, 16, jaw; 17, tongue; 18, throat; 19, larynx
controlling the associated movements in swallowing. 22, cutaneous sensation; 23, deep sensation; 24, stere-
of
diabet'ic c, a c. in the posterior part of the floor ognosis; 25, reading; 26, usual memories; 27, vision;
the fourth ventricle puncture of which excites glyco- 28, smell; 29, taste; 30, hearing; 31, word memories;
suria. 32, speech memory. *
 —
CENTER i8o CENTRIFUGAL

erec'tion c, ejaculation c. sweat c, sudorific c.

fascial c, a c. in the lower part of the ascending taste c, gustatory c,
frontal convolution for movements of the face. thermogen'ic c, heat c.
gen'ital c, genitospi'nal c, a center in the lumbar
thermoinhib'itory c, a c. supposed to be in the tubei
cord which controls erection and ejaculation in the cinereum, which moderates heat production.
male and parturition in woman. thermolyf ic c, thermoinhibitory c.
gus'tatory c, the taste c. located in the uncinate trophic c, one of many centers in the sympathetic
gyrus. and cerebrospinal systems which preside over the
heat c, one of the centers regulating heat production, nutritive processes.
thought to be in the medulla and the nucleus caudatus. vasoconstric'tor c, a c. stimulation of which causes
high-level centers, the centers of reason, conscious contraction of the blood-vessels.
action, thought, etc., located in the cerebral hemi- vasodila'tor c, a c. stimulation of which causes
spheres. dilatation of the blood-vessels.
ide'a c, naming c. vasomo'tor c, one of the centers controlling the
inhib'itory c, moderator c, one which prevents excess movements of contraction and dilatation of the blood-
in the performance of any function. vessels.
language c, any one of the centers concerned in ves'ical c, vesicospi'nal c.» a c. in the lumbar region
—
language hearing, speaking, reading, or writing controlling micturition.
vis'ual c, one of the centers in the occipital lobe for
comprised within the area of the brain called the zone
of language. the perception of sight; the primary, or visuosensory
leg c, a c. in the ascending frontal gyrus, controlling c. is situated on the mesial aspect and extremity of the

movements of the legs. occipital lobe; the higher, or psychovisual c. is situated

low-level centers, centers of automatic action, on the external aspect in the cuneus and the lingual
regulating the action of heart, stomach, breathing, lobe.
etc., situated in the spinal cord and sympathetic c, respiratory c.
vital
ganglia. vom'iting c, a c. in the medulla, stimulation of which
mastica'tion c, a c. in the medulla presiding over results in vomiting.
the associated movements of mastication. word c, one of the centers in the language zone; the
c. for visual word memories is in the angular gyrus
micturi'tion c, vesicospinal c.
extending backward into the occipital lobe; that for
mid-level centers, coordinating centers regulating
auditory word memories is in the posterior part of the
muscular action, storing up impressions as memory,
first and the upper part of the second temporal convo-
etc., but incapable of originating conscious action,
lution; that for memories of the movements in speaking
supposed to be located in the system of white fibers
is in the posterior part of the third frontal convolution.
lying about the primary fissure of the brain.
motor cor'tical c, one of the centers for voluntary centes'ixnal [L. centesimus, hundredth.] Relating
movement in the ascending frontal and parietal to or divided into hundredths, c. scale, in home-
convolutions. opathy the system of potentization in which
naming c, the center for the hearing of words, each succeeding trituration or dilution contains
nervous c.» any one of the centers in the cerebro- as much as the preceding one; i.e. one drop
spinal or ganglionic nervous system which origina,tes
y^
or one grain of any given potency is mixed with
or controls any vital function.
olfac'tory c, the c. for smell, supposed to be in the 99 drops or grains of the menstruum to make the
fascia dentata. next higher potency.
optic c, the point in the crystalline lens where the cente'sis [G. keniesis, puncture.] Puncture of a
rays cross each other in proceeding from the cornea to cavity, usually for the purpose of letting out the
the retina. contained gas or fluid.
oval c, centrum ovale.
parturition c, genitospinal c.
centibar (sen'tl-bar). A imit of atmospheric pres-
sure, the hundredth part of a bar.
peristal' tic c, a c.in the medulla presiding over the
peristaltic movements of the intestine.
cen'tigrade [L. centum, one hundred, -|- gradus,
polypne'ic c, panting c, one in the tuber cinereum, step, degree.] i Consisting of one hundred
.

excitation of which causes panting. degrees. 2. One hundredth part of a circle,

pu'pillary c, ciliospinal c. equal to 3.6° of the astronomical circle, c.
re'flex c, any center of reflex movement, transform- scale, a thermometer scale, in which there are
ing a sensory into a motor impulse. 1 00 degrees between the freezing point and
reserve' c, an unused or little used nerve center
boiling point of water, c. thermom'eter, a
which can sometimes be brought into action in an
emergency, as for example the speech center in the thermometer graduated according to the c. scale.
right frontal convolution. cen'tigram, cen'tigramme. The hundredth part of
respi'ratory c, the c. in the medulla, in the floor of a gram, 0.1543 grain.
the fourth ventricle, which controls the respiratory centiliter (sen'tl-le-tur). The hundredth part of a
movements. liter, ten cubic centimeters, 162..-^ minims.
sal'ivary c, saliva' tion c, a c. in the floor of the fourth
cen'timeter. The hundredth part of a meter, 0.3937
ventricle controlling the secretion of saliva.
inch, or practically ^ inch.
semio'val c.» centrum semiovale [BNAj.
sen'sory c, any c. for the perception of a sensation centinor'mal. One hundredth of the normal, noting
including any of the special sense centers. the strength of a solution.
smell c, olfactory c. cen'trad. Toward the center.
sneezing c, a part of the respiratory c. where the cen'tral. Relating to or at the center.
associated movements occurring in sneezing are centraphose (sen'trS-foz) [G. kentron, center, + a-
controlled.
spasm c, convulsion c.
priv.- -H phos, light.] A subjective sensation of a
speech c, the center for the memories of articulate
dark spot or patch, the cause being located in the
speech, situated in the posterior part of the third left optic brain centers.
frontal convolution. cen'tre. Center.
subsid'iary respi'ratory cen'ters^ parts of the cerebral cen'tric. Central,
cortex, tuber cinereum, optic thalamus, corpora quadri- centriciput (cen-tris'I-put) [L. centrum, center, -H
gemina, and pons, stimulation of which causes modifica- capui, head.] The central portion of the upper
tion in the respiratory rhythm.
surface of the skull, between the occiput and the
sudorific c, a c. in the medulla, with subordinate
sinciput.
centers in the spinal cord, controlling sweating.
suprasegmen'tal c, one of the higher correlation centrifugal [L. cen trum, center, -H fugere, to flee.
centers of the prosencephalon. 1. In a direction away from any center, efferent.
swall'owing c, deglutition c. 2. A centrifuge.
 ;

CENTRIFUGALIZATION 181 CEPHALODYNIA

centrifugaliza'tion. The sedimentation of solids sented on section about two centimeters above
suspended in a fluid, by means of the centri- this level, c. tendin'eum [BNA], central ten-
fuge. don of the diaphragm; a three-lobed fibrous
centrif'ugalize. To submit to rapid rotary action sheet occupying the center of this structure.
in a centrifuge. cephaeline (sef-a'e-len). An alkaloid, Ci4H2(|NOj,
centrifuge (sen 'tri-fuj). 1. An apparatus by means derived from ipecac;- it occurs in white silky
of which solid particles in suspension in a fluid needles; the hydrochloride is employed as an
are separated; this is emetic in doses of gr. jV~^ (0.005-0.01).
done by attaching the Cephaelis (sef-ah-el'is) [G. kephale, head, + eilo, I
vessel containing the press.] A genus of tropical plants of the
fluid a long lever
to order Rubiacece, two species of which, C. ipecacu-
which is made to re- an'ha and 0. acumina'ta, furnish the drug ipecac.
volve rapidly, the cen- ceph'alad [G. kephale, head.] In a direction toward
trifugal forcethrowing the head or the anterior pole.
the particles to the cephalag'ra [G. kephale, head, -{- agra, seizure.]
peripheral part of the Gouty pains in the head.
rotated vessel. 2. To cephalal'gia [G. kephale, head, -|- algos, pain.]
centrifugal ize. Headache, c. pharyngotympan'ica, headache
centriole (sen'tri-81) [G. dependent upon pharyngitis and catarrhal inflam-
kentron, a point, cen- mation of the middle ear. Legal 's disease.
ter.] A single granule cephal'anthin. An amorphous bitter glucoside
in the centrosome; at- from cephalanthus.
traction particle. cephalan'thus [G. kephale, head, + anthos, flower.]
centrip'etal [L. centrum, The bark, especially the bark of the root, of
center, + petere, to Cephalanthus occidentalis, buttonwood, button-
seek.] In a direction bush, a North American tree; antipyretic and
toward any center, antiperiodic in doses of 5i~i (2.0—4.0) of a
afferent. fluidextract.
centrocinesia (sen"tro- . cephalea (sef-al-e'ah). Cephalalgia, t. agita'ta, c.
sin-e'sl-ah) [G. kentron, atton'ita, violent headache sometimes occurring in
center, -f- kinesis, influenza and in the early stages of other infec-
movement. ] Move- tious diseases.
ment excited by a cephalede'ma, cephaloede'ma. Edema of the head.
stimulus of central cephale'mia, cephalee'inia, cephalhs'mia [G. kephale,
origin. head, + haima, blood.] Congestion of the brain.
centrocinet'ic. B x c i t o- Centripuge for Sedi- cephalhematocele, cephalhsematocele (sef-al-hem-af-
motor, relating to cen- MENTiNG Urine. o-sel) [G. kephale, head, + haima, blood, -f
trocinesia. kele, tumor.] i. Cephalhematoma, especially
centrodesmose (sen-tro-dez'moz) . Centrodesmus. one communicating with the cerebral sinuses.
centrodes'mus [G. kentron, center, + desntos, a 2. Caput succedaneum.
band.] The substance connecting the two cen- cephalhematoma (sef"al-hem-3,-to'mah) [G. keph-
trosomes in a nucleus during mitosis. ale, head, + haima, blood, + -oma.] ±. A

centrolecithal (sen-tro-les'ith-al) [G. kentron, center, blood-cyst of the scalp in a new-bom infant, due
+ lekithos, yolk.] Noting an ovum in which the to an effusion of blood beneath the pericranium;
deutoplasm accumulates in the center. caput succedaneum. 2. Cephalhematocele.
centronu'cleus. Amphinucleus. cephalhydrocele (sef-al-hi'dro-sel) [G. kephale, head,
centrophose (sen'tro-foz) [G. kentron, center, + + hydor, water, + kele, tumor.] An extra-
phos, light.] Asubjective sensation of a light cranial serous cyst.
spot or patch, the cause being located in the optic cephal'ic [G. kephale, head.] Relating to the head.
brain center. ceph'alin. 1. An organic extract, resembling leci-

cen'troplasm [G. kentron, center, H- plasma, thing thin, derived from brain substance. ^. A blood
formed.] Archoplasm; the substance of the coagulant or hemostatic derived from the brain
attraction-sphere. substance of the hog.
centrosclero'sis. A
process of ossification filling cephalitis (sef-al-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the
up the marrow cavity of a bone. brain, encephalitis.
cen'trosome [G. kentron, center, + soma, body.] A ceph"alocathar'tic [G. kephale, head, +
caihartikos,
minute round body in the attraction-sphere cleansing.] i. ''Clearing the head," causing the

which divides in the initial stages of mitosis the ;- expulsion of mucus from the nose and accessory
dynamic center for the reproductive activity of sinuses. 2. An agent having this property.
the cell. cephalocaudal (sef-al-o-kaw'dal) [G. kephale, head,
centrosphere (sen'tro-sf er) The envelope surround-
. + L. Cauda, tail.] Cephalocercal.
ing two centrosomes. cephalocele (sef'al-o-sel) [G. kephale, head, + kele,
cen'trum [L.] A center of any kind, especially an henia.] Hernia of the brain, encephalocele.
anatomical center, c. commu'ne, the common cephalocente'sis [G. kephale, head, 4- keniesis,

center, plexus* cceliacus. c. media'num, a puncture.] Passage of a hollow needle or trocar

spheroidal cell cluster in the nucleus medialis and cannula into the brain to drain an abscess or
of the thalamus, c. medulla're, medttUary the fluid of a hydrocephalus.
cephalocercal (sef"al-o-sur'kal) [G. kephale, head, +
center, c. semiovale [BNA]. c. ova'le, c. semi-
kerkos, tail.] Relating to both head and tail, i.e.
ovale. c. semiova'le [BNA], semioval center,
medullary center, the great mass of white matter to the long axis of the body.
cephalochord (sef'al-o-kord). The cephalic portion
at the center of each cerebral hemisphere, as seen
of the chorda dorsalis in the embryo.
on horizontal section at the level of the callosum
cephalodyn'ia [G. kephale, head, -I- odyne, pain.]
this is called sometimes the major semioval center,
Cephalalgia, headache; specifically, rheumatism
the minor semioval center being the figure pre-
 ;

CEPHALODYNIA 182 CERATODERMIA

affecting the fibrous structures of the scalp body, immune body, haptin it may be an ambo-
;

muscle. ceptor (cytolysin or bacteriolysin) or a uniceptor

(the antitoxin molecule). 2. A nervous mech-
cephalogas'ter [G. kephale, head, + gaster, belly.]
The portion of the enteron of the embryo near- anism adapted to the appreciation and transmis-
est the anterior pole. sion of stimuli from the periphery to the nerve
cephalohaemat'ocele, cephalohaemato'ma. Cephal- centers; see beneceptor and nociceptor, chem'ical
hematocele, cephalhematoma. c, one of the nerve ceptors widely distributed
cephalohemom'eter, cephalohaBmom'eter [G. keph- throughout the respiratory and alimentary sys-
ale, head, + haima, blood, + meiron, measure.] tems and in the brain and medulla, which initiate
An instrument for determining the degree of
intracranial blood pressure.
cephalo'ma [G. kephale, head, + -dma.] Encepha-
loma, a soft carcinoma.
cephalom'elus [G. kephale, head, + melos, a limb.]
A monster with an excrescence resembling a
leg or arm, growing from the head.
cephalome'nia [G. kephale, head, + men, month.]
Vicarious menstruation from the nose or other
part of the head. Tarnier's Cephalotribe.
cephalomeningitis (sef-al-o-men-in-ji'(je')tis) In-
flammation of the cerebral meninges, or mem- purely chemical reactions in response to the ap-
branes of the brain. propriate stimuli, con'tact c, a nerve c. in the
cephalom'eter [G. kephale, head, -I- metron, measure.] surface layer of skin or mucous membrane by
Craniometer. means of which impulses contributed by direct
cephalone (sef'al-on) [G. kephale, head, + It. -one, physical impact are apprehended, dis'tance c,
an augmentative particle.] An idiot with large a nerve mechanism of one of the organs of special
head and sclerotic hyperplasia of the brain. sense whereby the being is brought into relation
ceph'alont [G. kephale, head, + dn(pnt-), being.] with his distant environment through unseen
A parasitic protozoon having an organ (proto- forces —
aerial or ethereal vibrations, effec'tor
merite) for attachment to its host. t., one {jf the specific receptor mechanisms, or
cephaloorbital (sef-al-o-or'bit-al). Relating to the nerve ceptors, within the brain which, according
head and the orbits noting an index * so called.
;
to Crile's theory, receive special action impulses
cephalop'agus [G. kephale head, + pegnymi, I fasten and are thereby so modified that the subsequent
together.] A twin monster joined at the head. passage of an identical impulse is greatly facili-
tated; see action pattern.* nerve c, ceptor (2).
ce'ra. Wax. c. al'ba (U.S. and Br.), white wax,
bleached wax; yellow wax bleached by being
rolled very thin and exposed to the light and air.
Cephalopagus.
u. fla'va (U.S. and Br.), yellow wax, a yellowish
cephalop'athy [G. kephale, head, -I- pathos, suffer- solid brittle substance prepared from the honey-
ing.] Any disease affecting the head, especially comb of the hive-bee.
the brain. ceramu'ria [G. keramos, potter's earth, -1- ouron,
ceph"alopharynge'us. Musculus constrictor pharyn- urine ] Phosphaturia.
gis superior. ce'rasin. An eclectic preparation from wild cherry
cephaloplegia (sefal-o-ple'jl-ah) [G. kephale, head, bark a brown powder, employed as a bitter tonic,
;

-t- plege, stroke ] Paralysis of the muscles of the sedative, and expectorant in coughs, colds, pal-
head. pitation, and general debility, in doses of gr.
cephalorrhachidian (sef"al-o-rS-kid'I-an.) [G. keph- 2—10 (o. 13—0.6).
ale, head, + rhachis, spine.] Relating to the cer'asinose. A carbohydrate in the gummy exu-
head and the spine. dation from the bark of the cherry tree.
cephalothoracic (sef"al-o-tho-ras'ik). Relating to cer'asus [L.] Cherry; see prunus.
the head and the chest. cerate (se'rat). Ceratum. cam'phor t., ceratum
ceph"alothoracop'agus [G. kephale, head, thorax, + camphorae. coni'pound cam'phor c, camphor ice,
chest, + pegnymi, I fasten together.] A double ceratum camphorse compositum. Goulard's' c.,
monster attached by the head and thorax. c. plumbi subacetatis. sim'ple c, ceratum.
ceph'alotoxne [G. kephale, head, +
tome, a cutting.] cer'atin. Keratin.
An instrument for cutting in two the fetal ceratitis (ser-a-ti'(te')tis).Keratitis, inflammation
head to permit of its compression in cases of of the cornea.
dystocia. cerato-. For words beginning thus, not given here,
cephalot'omy. The operation of cutting in two see under kerato-.
the head of the fetus to facilitate compression, cer'atocele (ser'S-to-sel). [G. keras, horn, + keli,
when it is iisproportionately large and prevents hernia.] i. Hernia of Descemet's membrane
birth. through a defect in the outer layer of the cornea
cephalotribe (sef'al-o-trib) [G. kephale, head, + keratocele. 2. A homy tumor.
tribo, I bruise.] A forceps-like instrument, with ceratocente'sis [G. keras, horn (cornea), + kentesis,
strong blades and a screw handle, by means of puncture.] Puncture of the cornea, keratonyxis.
which the fetal head can be crushed. ceratoco'nus. Conical cornea, a cone-shaped bulg-
ceph'alotripsy. Crushing of the fetal head in cases ing of the cornea, staphyloma corneas.
of dystocia. ceratocri'coid [G. keras, horn, comu, -I- cricoid.]
cephalotrype'sis [G. kephale, head, +
trypesis, a Relating to the inferior comua of the thyroid
boring,] The operation of trephining. cartilageand to the cricoid cartilage, or tl. e cri-
cep'tot [L. capere, to take.] i. In Ehrlich's theory cothyroid articulation, c. muscle, musculus cera-
of immunity, a receptor which has been thrown tocricoideus.
off as a result of overproduction; intermediary ceratoder'mia. Keratodermia.
 .

CERATODERMATITIS 183 CEREBROLOGY

I

ceratodermatitis (ser-a-to-der-ma-ti'(te')tis). Kera- a.species found in the intestinal discharges in

todermatitis. certain cases of diarrhea.
ceratogenous (ser-S-toj'en-us). Keratogenous,
causing a growth of homy cells or tissue.
cer'cus, gen. and pi. cer'ci [G. kerkos, tail.] A stiff
hair-like structure.
ceratoglos'sus. The fibers of the musculus hypo- ce'real [L. Ceres, the goddess of agriculture.] Re-
glossus arising from the greater comu of the lating to any edible grain or the plant producing it.
hyoid bone. cere'alin. A diastase obtained from bran.
ceratohyal (ser"a-to-hi'al) [G. keras, horn.] Relat- cerebell'ar. Relating to the cerebellum.
ing to one of the comua of the hyoid bone.
cerebel'lic. Cerebellar.
ceratohy'alin. Eleidin.
ceTebellif'ugal [L. fugere, to fiee.] Extending from
ceratomala'cia. Xerotic keratitis, keratomalacia.* the cerebellum.
ceraton'osus [G. keras, horn, + nosos, disease.] cerebellip'etal [L. peiere, to seek.] Extending
A disease of the cornea, keratonosus. toward the cerebellum.
cer'atoplasty [G. keras, horn, + plasso, I form.] cerebellitis (ser-e-bel-i'(e')tis) Inflammation of
Plastic surgery to xepair a defect of the cornea, the cerebellum.
keratoplasty. cerebeir'o-ol'ivary. Relating to the cerebellum
cerato'sis. Keratosis, any disease of the homy and the oliva.
layer of the epidermis. cerebelloru'bral. Relating to the cerebellum and
ceratot'omy [G. keras, hom, +tome, a cutting.] In- the red nucleus, c. system, the linking of the
cision into the comea, keratotomy. dentate nucleus of the cerebellum with the red
cera'tum [L. ceratus, waxed.] Cerate, an unctuous nucleus of the opposite side through the superior
solid preparation, harder than an ointment, con- cerebellar peduncle a motor system. ;

taining sufficient wax to prevent it from melting cerebellorubrospinal (ser-e-bel"o-ru-bro-spi'nal)

when applied to the skin. The U.S. P. ceratum, Relating to the cerebellum, the red nucleus, and
simple cerate, contains white wax 30, white the spinal cord. c. system, the combined cere-
petrolatum 20, benzoinated lard 50. c. calami'- bellorubral and rubrospinal systems.
nae, Turner's cerate, calamine and yellow wax, of cerebellospi'nal. Relating to the cerebellum and
each 15, olive oil 40, application for bums. c. the spinal cord.
campho'rsB, camphor cerate; contains camphor cerebellum (ser-eTbel'um) [L. dim. of cerebrum,
liniment 10, white wax 35, white petrolatum 15, brain.] The posterior brain mass, lying behind
benzoinated lard, 40. c. campho'rse compos'- the pons and medulla and beneath the posterior
itum, compound camphor cerate, camphor ice; portion of the cerebrum; it consists of two lateral
camphor 10.7, benzoic acid i, phenol 0.2, oil of hemispheres united by a narrow middle portion,
bitter almond o.i, in a firm mixture of white wax, the vermis.
spermaceti, and castor oil to make 100; antisep- cer'ebral. Relating to the cerebrum, t. decom-
tic and protective application for chapped lips, pres'sion, removal of a piece of the cranium,
hands, etc. c. canthar'idis, cantharides cerate, usually in the subtemporal region over the silent
contains cantharides 32, yellow wax 18, rosin 18, area, with incision of the dura, to relieve intra-
lard 17, liquid petrolatum 15; used locally as an cranial pressure, c. hem'isphere, the large mass
epispastic. n. ceta'cei, spermaceti cerate, con- of brain substance on either side of the great
tains spermaceti 10, white wax 35, olive oil 55. longitudinal fissure.
c. fla'vum, yellow cerate, a mixture of yellow wax cerebralgia (ser-e-bral'jj-ah) [L. cerebrum, brain, +
10, oil of sweet almond 35, water 25. c. gale'ni, G. algos, pain.] Cephalalgia, headache.
cold cream, unguentum* aqu^e rosse. c. iodo- cerebrasthenia (ser"e-bras-the'n!-ah) [L. cerebrum,
for'mi, iodoform cerate, equal parts of iodoform brain, -I- G. asfheneia, weakness.] Psychasthenia.
and hard paraffin, t. petro'lei, soft white paraf- cer'ebrate. To functionate, in reference to the
fin 2, hard paraffin ±. c. plum'bi subaceta'tis, brain.
cerate of lead subacetate, Goulard's cerate, cerebra'tion. Brain action, mental activity.
contains solution of lead subacetate 20, wool-fat cerebiiform (ser-eb'rl-form) [L. cerebrum, brain, +
20, paraffin 20, white petrolatum 38, camphor 2. forma, form.] Resembling the brain or the cere-
c. resi'nae, rosin cerate, basilicon ointment; brum in external appearance or structure.
contains rosin 35, yellow wax 15, lard 50. c. cerebrifugal (ser-e-brif'u-gal) [L. fugere, to flee.]
resi'nae compos'itttm (N.F.), compound rosin Proceeding away from the brain, noting efferent
cerate, Deshler's salve; contains rosin 2 2. 5, yel- nerve-fibers or impulses.
low wax 22.5, prepared suet 30, turpentine 1 1 s, .
cer'ebrin. i . number of fatty nitrogenous
One of a
linseed oil 13.5. substances, containing no phosphorus, derived
cer'berid. A
glucoside from Thevelia yccotU. from nerve-tissue, yolk of egg, and various organs.
cerca'ria [G. kerkos, tail.] The final larval stage of 2. A brain extract which has been employed

the trematode worms; it consists of a body and therapeutically.

(usually) an elongated tail, resembling a tadpole; cereb'rinin. Trade name of cerebrin (2) obtained
it is developed within the redia or sporocyst. from the calf's brain.
cerclage (sair-klazh') [P. an encircling, hooping, cerebrip'etal [L. petere, to seek.] Proceeding toward
banding.] Binding together the ends of an the brain or cerebrum, noting nerve-fibers or
obliquely fractured bone or the fragments of a impulses.
broken patella, brought into close apposition, cerebritis (ser-e-bri'(bre')tis). Inflammation of the
by an encircling wire loop or bandage, tightly brain, more particularly of the cerebrum.
cer"ebrogalac'tose. Cerebrose.
drawn, or a ring.
cercom'onad. A unicellular organism of the genus cer'ebroid [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. eidos, resem-
Cercomonas. blance.] Cerebriform, encephaloid.
Cercom'onas [G. kerkos, tail, -t- monas. unit, monad.] cer'ebrol. An oily reddish liquid obtainable from
brain-tissue.
A genus of flagellate infusoria, some species of
cerebrol'ogy cerebrum, brain, G.
which are parasitic in man, but whether patho- [L. -I- -togt'o.]

genic or not is undetermined. C. intestina'lis, Encephalology.

CEREBROMA 184 CERVICOBRACHIAL

cerebro'ma. Encephaloma (i), hernia of the brain cerecloth (ser'cloth) [L. cera, wax.] Gauze or cheese-
substance. cloth impregnated with wax containing an anti-
cerebromala'cia [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. ntalakia, septic, used in surgical dressings.
softness.] Encephalomalacia softening of the
; Ce'reus. A
genus of cacti. C. divarica'tus, the
brain, specifically of the cerebrum. juice is anthelmintic and diuretic, and locally
cerebromed'uUary [L. cerebrum, brain, + medulla, vesicating. C. flagellifor'mis, a species the juice
spinal cord.] Cerebrospinal. of which is reputed to be anthelmintic. C.
cerebrom'eter [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. metrqn, meas- geometri'zans, the fruit is diuretic. C. grandi-
ure.] Encephalometer. flo'rus, night-blooming cereus see cactus. ;

cerebrop'athy [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. pathos, suffer- cerevisia (ser-e-vis'I-ah) [L.] Beer, cerevis'ise fer-
ing.] Encephalopathy. men'tum, beer yeast, brewer's yeast, fasx me-
cerebrophysiology (ser"e-bro-fiz-I-ol'o-ji). The dicinalis, the cells and spores of Saccharomyces
physiology of the brain. given internally in acne and furunculosis
cerevisice;
cerebropon'tile. Relating to the brain and the in doses of 3i~i (2.0-4.0), and applied externally
pons Varolii. to sloughing wounds, cerevis'ise fermen'tum
cerebropsychosis (ser-e-bro-si-ko'sis). A
mental compres'sum (N.F.), compressed yeast, the
disorder associated with or dependent upon a moist living cells of 5. cerevisia combined with
lesion of the cerebrum. an absorbent base.
cerebrorrhachidian (ser-e-bro-rS-kidl-an) [L. cere- cerev'isin. Trade name of a preparation of yeast
brum, brain, + G. rhachis, spine.] Cerebrospinal, used in the treatment of boils.
encephalorrhachidian. ;er'idin. Cerolin, the proprietary name for a
cer"ebrosclero'sis [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. sklero- preparation said to be the active principle of
sis, hardening.] Encephalosclerosis hardening
; yeast; employed in acne, furunculosis, and
of the brain substance, specifically of the cerebral chronic constipation in doses of 5 to 8 grains
hemispheres. (0.3-0.5).
cer'ebroscope. The ophthalmoscope applied to a ce'rin. Cerotic acid, a fatty acid, CjjHjjOj
study of the blood-circulation in the brain, as derived from beeswax.
indicated by the condition of the circulation in ce'rium. A metallic element, symbol Ce, atomic
the fxindus of the eye. weight 140.25. ce'rii oz'alas (U.S. 8tnd Br.),
cerebros'copy [L. cerebrum, brain, -f- G. skopeo, I cerium oxalate, an inodorous, tasteless, white,
view.] Encephaloscopy. crystalline powder, consisting of a mixture of the
cer'ebrose. A
sugar, CaHijOj," obtainable from oxalates of cerium, didymium, xanthanum, and
brain-tissue. other earths; used in the treatment of vomiting
cerebroside (ser'e-bro-sid). A
phosphorus-free and for the relief of coughing, in doses of gr. i-io
nitrogenous body found in protagon. (0.06-0.6).
cerebro'sis. Encephalosis. cerolin (ser'o-lin) [L. cerevisia, beer, + oleum, oil.]
cerebrospinal (ser"e-bro-spi'nal). Relating to the Ceridin.
brain and the spinal cord; encephalorrhachidian. ceroplasty (se'ro-plas-ti) [L. cera. wax, + G.
c. fe'ver spotted fever, epidemic c. meningitis; plasso, I motild.] The manufacture of wax
an acute infectious disease, caused by the men- models of anatomical and pathological speci-
ingococcus, Diplococcus intracellularis meningi- mens or of skin lesions.
tidis, andmarked byfeverandinfiammationof the cerot'ic acid. Cerin.
meninges of the brain and spinal cord, giving rise certifi'able. That can or should be certified, not-
to severe nervous symptoms of the most varied ing certain infectious diseases, the occurrence of
character; pneumonia, pleurisy, and arthritis are which must, by law, be reported to the health
frequent complications, and deafness, blindness, authorities.
and various paralyses may occur as sequels in certifica'tion. The - reporting to the health
case of recovery without specific trearment. c. authorities of the occurrence of an infectious
flu'id, a fluid, secreted chiefly by the choroid disease.
plexuses of the lateral ventricles of the brain, cer'tify. [L. certus, certain, -I- facere, to make.]
filling the ventricles and the subarachnoid To give information regarding, to notify; spe-
cavities of the brain and spinal cord; it is com- cifically, to report to the health authorities the
posed of serum globulin, 0.085; extractives, occurrence of a contagious disease.
0.06; salts, 0.855; water, 99.0. c. meningitis, cerumen (se-roo'men) [L. cera, wax.] Ear-wax,
c. fever. the soft, brownish yellow, waxy secretion
cer"ebrospi'nant. 1. Acting upon the cerebral (a modified sebum) of the ceruminous glands of
nervous system, the brain and spinal cord. 2. the external auditory meatus, c. inspissa'tum,
An agent affecting the cerebrospinal system. inspissated cerumen, dried ear-wax plugging
cerebrospinase (ser"e-bro-spi'naz). An oxidase the external auditory canal.
present in the cerebrospinal fluid. ceruminal (se-roo'mf-nal). Relating to- cerumen.
cerebrosuria (ser"e-bro-su'rI-ah) [cerebrose + G. cerumino'sis. Excessive formation of cerumen.
ouron, urine.] The excretion of cerebrose in the ceru'minous. Relating to cerumen.
urine. ceruse (se'rooz) [L. cerussa.] White lead;
cer"ebrot'omy [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. tome, incis- plumbi carbonas.
ion.] 1. Incision of the brain substance to cer'vical [L. cervix, neck.] Relating to a neck, or
evacuate an abscess. a. The anatomy of the cervix, in any sense.
brain. cervica'lis [L.] Cervical, c. ascen'dens, musculus
cer'ebrum [L. brain.] The
principal portion of the iliocostalis cervicis.
brain, including practically all parts within the cerviciplex (ser-vis'i-plex). Plexus cervicalis.
skull except the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. cervicitis (ser-vl-si'(se')tis) [L. cervix, neck, -H G.
c. abdomina'le, plexus cceliacus [BNA]. c. -itis.] Trachelitis; inflammation of the cervix
exsicca'tum [L. dried brain], the brain of the uteri.
calf, dried and pulverized; employed in the cervicobrachial (ser-vl-ko-bra'kl-al). Relating to
treatment of cerebral neurasthenia. the neck and the arm.
 CC HH
CERVTCOBUCCAL i8S CHAIN

cervicobucc^al. Relating to the buccal surface of moss, fucus amylaceus, a seaweed, Spheerococcus
the neck of a premolar or molar tooth. lichenoides, one source of agar-agar.
cervicodyn'ia [L. cervix, neck, + G. odyne, pain.] c. g. s. Abbreviation for centimeter-gram-second,
Trachelodynia. noting a system of physical units employing the
cervicofacial (sur-vi-ko-fa'shal). Relating to the centimeter for distance, the gram for weight,
neck and the face. and the second for time.
cervicola'bial. Relating to the labial surface of the CHi-CH^. Ethylene, olefiant gas.
neck of an incisor or canine tooth. CH4. Methyl hydride, methane, marsh gas.
cervicolin'gual. Relating to the lingual surface of C2H2. Acetylene.
the cervix of a tooth. C,H,. Benzene.
Chabert's disease' (shi-bair') [Philibert Chabert,
cervicolumbar phenomenon (sur"-vi-ko-lum'bar
French veterinarian, 1737-1814.] Symptomatic
fe-nom'e-non). A sense of weakness in the
anthrax.* C.'s oil, oleum anthelminthicum, a
lower extremities on movement of the neck when
distillate of animal oil and^urpentine,
a lesion is present in the upper portion of the
Chadd'ock's sign [CharlS Gilbert Chaddock,
spinal cord; or sensations referred to the neck
American neurologist, contemporary.] Ex-
when a lesion exists in the lower portion of the
ternal malleolar sign; when the external malleolar
cord.
skin area is irritated extension of the .great toe
cervicooccipital (sur"vI-ko-ok-sip'l-tal). Relating
occurs in cases of organic disease of the cortico-
to the neck and the occiput.
spinal reflex paths.
cer"vicoves'ical. Relating to the cervix uteri and
Chad'wick's sign [James Read Chadwick, American
the bladder.
cer'vix, gen. cervi'cis, pi. cervi'ces [L. neck.] i . The
gynecologist, 1844-1905.] dark bluish or A
purplish discoloration of the mucous membrane
neck, particularly the posterior portion. 2.
of the lower portion of the vagina in pregnancy;
Any neck-like structure, especially the lower
also called Jacquemier's sign.
cylindrical portion of the uterus (c. uteri) between
chafe (chaf) [Fr. chauffer, to heat.] i. To cause
the OS externum and the os internum, c.
irritation by rubbing or the action of irritants.
colum'nae posterio'Tis [BNA], a slight constric-
2. Irritation, excoriation.
tion of the posterior column of the spinal cord,
Chagas' disease' (chah'gahs) [Carlos Chagas,
seen on cross-section a little behind the gray
Brazilian physician, contemporary.] Chagas-
commissure, c. cor'nu, the constricted portion
Cruz disease; South American trypanosomiasis.*
of each gray column or cornu of the spinal cord
Chagas-Cruz disease' (chah'gahs-krooz) [Carlos
where it joins the commissure, c. u'teri, neck
Chagas; Oswaldo Cruz, Brazilian physician, ,

of the womb, see above.

1871— 1917.] Chagas' disease.
cesarean (or cassarean) opera'tion or sec'tion (se-za'-
Chagres fe'ver (chah'gras) [Chagres, a river on the
re-an) [L. cmdere, to cut.] Extraction of the fetus
by means of an incision through the abdominal
Isthmus of Panama.] A
pernicious malarial
fever from which the laborers building the
wall and the uterus; the mode by which Julius
Panama railroad suffered.
Cffisar is said to have been brought into the
chain. In chemistry, a series of atoms held together
world.
by one or more ailinities. closed-chain com'-
cesarot'omy. Cesarean section.
pound, a compound of the aromatic series, the
cesium (se'zi-um) [L. cce'sius, bluish gray.] graphic formula of which is a ring of C atoms in
Caesium, a metallic element, symbol Cs, atomic which each C atom is supposed to be linked
weight 132.81. Its salts are said to increase three-fourths to adjacent C atoms and one-
blood-pressure and have been recommended fourth to an Hatom, thus*
in the treatment of epilepsy, nervous pal-
pitation, etc., the bromide being given in
H
doses of gr. 3-5 (0.2^0.3). I

Cesto'da, Cesto'des, Cestoid'ea [G. kesios, girdle, +

eidos, form.] An order of Platyhelmintha, or H— C—
flatworms, the tapeworms. !l

ces'tode, ces'toid. A tapeworm, one of the Cesioda. H— I

C—
ceta'ceum [G. ketos, a whale.] (U.S. and Br.)
Spermaceti, a peculiar concrete fatty substance,
consisting chiefly of cetin (cetyl palmitate), ob- 1

tained from the head of the sperm whale, Physeter H

macrocephalus, used in the preparation of cold This the so-called benzene ring. By sub
is
cream. stitution other atoms may be united to this
cetra'ria. Iceland moss, the dried plant, Cetraria ring, forming lateral or side chains, hemolyt'ic
islandica; used as a demulcent, nutrient, and c, union of complement, intermediary body or
digestive, and in the treatment of bronchitis amboceptor, and erythrocyte, without which
and other chronic inflammations of the mucous hemolysis cannot occur, lat'eral c, side c
membranes, in doses of 3i-i (2.0-4.0). long c, in bacteriology, a continuous line of
cet'rarin. Cetraric acid, a bitter principle, CajHs,- more than 8 cocci or other bacteria, o'pen-chain
O12, from Cetraria islandica; used in chlorosis and com'pound, a compound of the fatty series, the
anemia and in incipient tuberculosis in doses of graphic formula of which is a line of C atoms
gr- ii-3 (0.1-0.2). linked above and below, a,nd at each extremity
cevadil'la [Sp. dim. of cebada, barley grain,] Saba- of the series, to H atoms or their substitutes,
dilla, the seeds of Asagraa officinalis or Schceno- thus:
caulon officinale, the source of veratrina. H H H H
cev'adine. An alkaloid occurring in cevadilla or

MM
H— C—C—C— C—
I I I I

sabadilla seeds, resembling in its properties

veratrine.
Ceylon' cinn'amon, cinnamomum zeylanicum. C H H H H
 ,

CHAIN i86 CHANCROID

short c, in bacteriology, & string of 2 to 8 cocci anterior to the lens, containing the aqueous
or other bacterial cells, side c, lateral c, a humor, vit'reous c, the large cavity behind the
chain of atoms linked to the benzene ring, or lens in the eye, containing the vitreous humor.
closed-chain compound, by replacement of the Chamberland fil'ter (shahm-ber-lahh') [Charles-
H atoms, side-chain the'ory, the theory ad- Edouard Chamberland, French scientist, 1851-
vanced by Ehrlich to explain the phenomena 1908.] A filter of unglazed porcelain through
of infection, immunity, nutrition, etc. it ; which water is forced under pressure; micro-
assumes that the protoplasmic molecule is anal- organisms not ultramicroscopic do not pass.
ogous in constitution to the benzene molecule, Cham'berlen for'ceps [Peter Chamberlen, 1560-16
one of a family of English accoucheurs, sons and
—
or benzene nucleus, with its linked hydrogen
atoms capable of being displaced by various grandsons of a French ^migr^, Guillaume Cham-
groups to form side chains. So, linked to the pro- brelan.] The first obstetrical forceps, invented by
toplasmic molecule are numerous "side chains," Peter or his father; its use was kept secret until
or receptors, capable of seizing upon certain revealed by Hugh Chamberlen (1630-1720),
bodies, such as food stuffs or poisons, and incor- grandson of Peter.
porating them in the molecule; see receptor. chamecephalic (kam-e-sef-al'ik) [G. chamai, on the
chalarosis (kal-ahr-o'sis). Infection with a fungus ground (low, stunted), -I- kephale, head.] Hav-
of the genus Chalara; it is marked by the appear- ing a head. Noting a skull with a vertical
flat
ance of subcutaneous nodules which break down, index of 70 or less. Similar to tapeinocephalic*
forming ulcers. The fungus consists of straight or chamecephalous (kam-e-sef-
slightly curved mycelial threads divided by trans- al-us). Chamecephalic.
verse lines into segments which may separate and chazneprosopic (kam-e-pros-
initiate new colonies. o'pik) [G. chamai, on the
chalastodennia (kal-as-to-der'mi-ah) [G. chalastos, ground (low, spread out), -(-
loosened, relaxed, + derma, skin.] Derma- prosopikos, facial.] Haying
tolysis. a broad face.
chalaza (kS-la'zah). i. Chalazion, z The sus- chamomile (kam'o-mfl) [G.
pensory ligament of the yolk in a bird's egg. chamai, on the ground, -t-
3. In botany, the base of the body of the ovule melon, apple.] In the U. S.
where it blends with its coats. and B. P. the flowering heads
chalazion, pi. chalazia (kal-a'zl-on) [G. dim. of of Anihemis nobilis.
chalaza, a sty.] A small tumor of the border of champagne (sham-pan'). An
the eyelid due to inflammation of a Meibomian effervescent wine, made in
gland with retention of the secretion also written
;
the Champagne region of
chalazium. \
northeastern France, con-
chalcosis (kal-ko'sis) [G. chalkos, copper.] i tains from per cent,
5 to 10
Chronic copper poisoning. 2. A deposit of fine or more of alcohol.
Chamberlen's
particles of copper in the lungs or other parts. Forceps. Champetier de Ribes bag
chal'ice-cell. Goblet cell.* (shahmp-te-a' de-reb')
chalicosis (kal-e-ko'sis) [G. chalix, gravel.] Pneu- [Camille Champetier de Rihes, Parisian obstetrician,
monoconiosis caused by the inhalation of dust *i848.] An elongated conical silk and rubber
incident to the occupation of stone-cutting. bag, used to dilate the cervix and to provoke
chalinoplasty (kal'in-o-plas"tI) [G. chalinos, bridle, uterine contractions, in order to induce premature
+ plasso, I form.] The correction of defects of labor or in cases of placenta previa.
the mouth and lips, especially of the comers of the ChampionniJre's disease' (shahn-pe-on-e-air'). See
mouth. Lucas-Championnihe.
chalk (chawk) [L. calx.] Calcium carbonate, creta. chancre (shang'kur) [Fr. indirectly from L. cancer.']
French c, talcum, magnesium silicate. Primary lesion, initial sclerosis, syphilitic sore, the
chalk-stone. Tophus, Heberden's knob or node. first manifestation of syphilis; it begins as a
Challes, France (shal). Sulphurous waters; cold. papule or area of infiltration, of dull red color,
Used by drinking and bathing in tuberculous hard, and insensitive the center usually becomes
;

affections, catarrhal conditions, goiter, glandular eroded or breaks down into an

affections, rheumatism, intestinal dis-
syphilis, ulcer, hard c, true c, not
eases, and cutaneous affections. May 15 to chancroid. Hunte'rian c, the
October 15. typical ulcerated chancre with
chalone (kal'on) [G. chalao, I relax.] i. Anti- indurated base and edges; the
hormone, an antagonistic hormone, one which initial lesion of syphilis, in'-
opposes the action of another hormone. 2. durated c, hard 0. mixed c,
An endocrine substance which inhibits or dimin- a sore resulting from simul-
ishes the activity of the cells of the body. taneous inoculation with syphilis
chalybeate (kal-ib'e-at) [G, chalyps, steel.] i. and the pus organisms of
Relating to or containing iron. 2. A therapeutic chancroid. Nis'bet's c, bu-
agent containing iron. bonulus. noninfec'ting c.,
Chalyb'eate Springs, Georgia. Light chalybeate
chancroid, sim'ple c, chan-
waters. Used for drinking and bathing. croid, soft c, chancroid.
chameecephal'ic. Chamecephalio. sporotricho'sic c, the initial
chamaelirium (kam-e-lir'J-um) [G. chamai, on the
lesion at the site of infection
earth, -I- leirion, lily.] Helonias.
Champbtisr
in sporotrichosis. true c, de Ribes Bag
chamber (cham'ber) [L. camera^] A compartment Hunterian (dilated).
c.
or enclosed space, ante'rior c, the space between chancroid (shang-kroyd') [chancre
the cornea and the iris containing the aqueous
humor, a'queous u., the anterior and posterior
+ G. eidos. resemblance.] Soft or simple
chancre; an infectious venereal ulcer, developing
chambers of the eye containing the aqueous upon an inflamed edematous base from a pustule
humor, poste'rior c, the space behind the iris formed from a primary papule.
 CHANCROIDAL 187 CHATEL-GUYON
chancroid'al. Relating to or of the nature of muscular atrophy beginning in the muscles of the
chancroid. legs and feet.
chancrous (shang'krus). Relating to chancre. Charcot-Heumann crys'tals (shar-ko'-noy'mahn) [see
change of life. Menopause, climacteric. Neumann.] Charcot-Leyden crystals.
chann'el [L. canalis.} Canal, a passage through Charcot-Robin crys'tals (shar-ko'-ra-ban') [see
which a liquid flows. Robin.] Charcot-Leyden crystals.
Chan'ning's solu'tion [William Ckanning, American Charcot-Vigouroux sign (shar-ko'- ve-goo-r 00')
physician, nineteenth century.] Liquor hydra- [Romain Vigouroux, French physician, nineteenth
rgyri et potassii iodidi (N.F.). century.] Diminished resistance to the conduct-
Chantemesse reac'tion (shahnt-S-mes') [Andr6 ing power of the skin for the galvanic current, in
Chantemesse, French bacteriologist, 1851-1919.] exophthalmic goiter.
Ophthalmoreaction. charlatan (shar'lS-tan). A quack; one who claims
chap. 1. To crack open. 2. A crack or slit in the falsely the possession of medical skill and knowl-
skin of the hands or lips, due to the action of edge.
cold. charlatanism (shar'U-tan-izm). Quackery, the
chapas'gar [an artificial word compounded of Chapo- methods characteristic of a charlatan.
teau, and agar, see the def.]
ascites, culture A Charles's law [Jacques Alexandre Caesar Charles,
medium consisting of i part ascitic fluid and 2 French physicist, 1746-1823.] Gay*-Lussac's
parts of 3 per cent, agar with Chapoteau's law.
peptone. Charles'ton Arte'sian Wells, S. C. Alkaline; muri-
Chap'man bag [John Chapman, English physician ated-saiine waters, 87° F.
practising in Paris, fi 894. ] An elongated icebag char'ley horse [slang.] Sprain or muscular stiffness
for application to the spine. following excess in athletic sports.
Chap'man's din'ner pill [Nathaniel Chapman, Amer- charpie (shar-pe') [Fr.] Lint, especially that made
ican physician, 1780-1853.] (N.F.) Purified aloes by scraping or ravelling linen cloth.
and mastic each gr. ij (o.i), powdered ipecac Charriire scale (shi-re-air') [Joseph Fr^d^ric
of peppermint or oil of fennel ngj
gr. I (0.06), oil Benoit Charriire, Parisian instrument maker,
(0.015). C.'s mix'ture, mistura copaibae et opii 1803-1876.] The French scale for grading the
(N.P.); copaiba and spirit of nitrous ether each sizes of urethral catheters or sounds; the size
25, tincture of opium 3 2, compound tincture of
. any instrument is determined by C.'s filikre,
of
lavender 6.5, mucilage of acacia 12.5, water to a metal plate perforated with 30 holes varying in
make 100; employed in gonorrhea in dose of 5i diameter from J to i cm., each differing from
(4.0). the next above or below in the scale by \ mm.
Chapoteau's pep'tone (shap-6-to') Trade name of . charta, gen. and pi. char'ta (kar'tah) [L. a sheet of
a special make of peptone see chapasgar. : paper.] i. A pharmaceutical preparation consist-
chap'pa. A disease described by Read as occurring ing of a piece of paper impregnated or coated
in Lagos, Africa. It is marked by the appearance on one side with a medicinal substance. ^. A
of subcutaneous nodules, the size of a pigeon's folded paper holding a, medicinal powder, t.
egg, which often break down, giving exit to a antasthmat'ica, blotting paper soaked in an
fatty-looking material, and form ulcers; the ap- infusion of belladonna, digitalis, sage, stra-
pearance of the nodules is preceded for a few monium leaves, and niter, and after drying
months by severe muscular and articular pains. moistened again with tincture of benzoin, c.
The disease is thought by Manson to be possibly canthar'idis, c. epispas'tica, paper spread with a
a tertiary stage of yaws. mixture of spermaceti, olive oil, rosin, Canada
chapped. Split open, cracked; noting a lesion of balsam, and cantharides. c. ezplorato'ria coeru'-
the skin produced by cold. lea et ru'bra, litmus paper, c. nitra'ta, c. potas'-
Chaput's meth'od (shS-pti') [H. Chaput, French sii nitra'tis, niter-paper, blotting paper soaked
surgeon, contemporary.] Treatment of osteo- in a 20 per cent, solution of potassium nitrate
myelitis by scraping the cavity and filling with and dried; the fumes of this when burning are
fatty tissue taken from the abdomen or the thigh. inhaled in asthma, c. sina'pis (Br.), t. sina-
C.'s opera'tion, one of several intestinal operations pisa'ta, mustard paper, emplastrum sinapis
for anastomosis and artificial anus. (U.S.), a suspension of powdered mustard in
char'acterizing group. A group of atoms in a liquor caoutchouc is applied to one side of a
molecule which distinguishes the class of sub- rather stiff paper and allowed to dry.
stances in which it occurs from all other classes; chartula (kar'tu-lah) [L. dim. of charta, paper.]
thus carbonyl (CO) is the characterizing group of Charta (2).
ketones. Chase's sign [Ira Carleton Chase, American
charbon (shar-bon') [Fr. coal.] Anthrax (z). c. physician, *i868.] Pain felt in the cecal region,
gymptomatique', symptomatic anthrax. when the hand is drawn deeply and quickly
char'coal [M. Eng. charken, to creak, -t- coal^ Car- along the transverse colon from left to right,
bon obtained by heating or burning wood with the descending colon being blocked by deep
restricted access of air see carbo.
;
pressure with the other hand.
Charcot's disease' (shar-ko') [Jean Martin Charcot, chasma (kaz'mah) [G.] Pandiculation, yawning.
French physician, 1825-1893.] i. Amyotrophic Chassaignac's ^craseur (sha-sa-nyak' a-krah-zer')
;

lateral sclerosis. Tabetic arthropathy. C.'s

2. [Charles Marie Edouard Chassaignac, Parisian
syn'drome, intermittent claudication.* C.'s ver'- surgeon, 1805-1879.] A strong steel-chain snare
tigo, laryngeal vertigo. used for crushing through the pedicle of a tumor.
Charcot-Leyden ciys'tals (shar-ko'-li'den) [see .
C.'s tu'bercle, tuberculum caroticum.

Leyden:\ Crystals, of the shape of elongated Chatel-Guyon, France (shah-tel"-gu-yawn'). Source

double pyramids, composed of spermin phosphate, Gubler. Alkaline-saline-ferruginous-carbonated
found in the sputum in bronchial asthma. waters, 82° F. to 95° F. Used by drinking
Charcot-Marie type (shar-ko'-mS-re') [see Marie.'] and bathing in diseases of the gastroenteric
A familial or hereditary form of progressive canal and abdominal viscera, anemia, gout, renal
 chAtel-guyon CHEMOTHERAPY

disorders, women's diseases, and neurasthenia. chelone (ke'lo-ne). Balmony.

May 15 to October 15. Chelsea pensioner (chel'se pen'shun-ur) [Chelsea,
Chattola'nee Springs, Maryland. Light alkaline- a district of London where is situated a hospital
calcic waters. Six springs. Dyspepsia, and early for invalid soldiers.] Confectio guaiaci com-
stages of Bright's disease. posita.
Chaufiard's syn'drome (sho-far') [A. Chauffard, Chel'tenham, England. Alkaline-saline waters.
French physician, contemporary.] The symptoms Used by drinking and bathing in gout and
of Still's* disease in one suffering from bovine deleterious conditions resulting from prolonged
or other non-human form of tuberculosis. residence in hot climates.
chauffeur's fracture (jBho-ferz frak'chur). See chemical (kem'i-kal). Relating to chemistry, to
jracture. the mutual relations and interaction of the ele-
Chauliac. See Guy* de Chauliac. ments, and to the phenomena resulting there-
chaulmoogra chaulmugra (chawl-moo'grah), chaul- from, c. food, syrupus phosphatum composi-
maugra (chawl-maw'grah). The ripe seed of tus (N.P.). c. mess'enger, autacoid; hormone
Gynocardia odorata, or Hydrocarpus or Tarakto- or chalone (q.v.).
genos kurzii; the oil is employed in the treatment chemicocautery (kem'1-ko-kaw'ter-J). Chemical
of leprosy and certain chronic dermatoses in doses cautery, caustic, escharotic.
of nj2-6 (0.13 —
0.4). cheminosis (kem-I-no'sis) [G. chemeia, chemistry,
Chaussier*s are'ola (sho-se-a') [Francois Chaussier, -f- nosos, disease.] A
disease caused by chemical
French physician, 1746-1828.] A ring of in- noxa.
durated tissue surrounding the lesion of malig- chemiotaxis (hem-I-o-tak'sis). Chemotaxis.
nant pustule. C.'s line, the median antero- chemise (shem-ez') [Fr. shirt.] A square of linen
posterior line of the corpus callosum. C.'s sign, tied to a catheter passed through its center;
severe pain in the epigastrium, a prodrome of used to retain a tampon packed around the
eclampsia. catheter inserted into a wound, such as that
Chautard's test (sho-tar'). For acetone: the addi- resulting from a perineal section.
tion of a mixture of sulphurous acid and aqueous chemism (kem'izm). Chemical action or influence.
solution of magenta gives a violet color if the chemistry (kem'is-trl) [G. chemeia, alchemy; chymeia,
urine contains acetone. an infusion, from chymos, juice (?).] The science
Chauveau's bacte'rium (sho-vo') [Auguste Chau- dealing with the intimate constitution of sub-
veau, Paris veterinary surgeon, 1827— 1917.] stances, the elements and their mutual reactions,
Bacillus anthracis symptomatici. and the phenomena resulting from the formation
Ch.B, Abbreviation for ChirurgiEe Bachelor, and decomposition of compounds, analytical c,
Bachelor of Surgery. the application of c. to the breaking up of com-
CHCl,. Chloroform. pounds and the determination of their composi-
CHj.COOH. Acetic acid, HC2H3O2. tion, inorgan'ic u., the chemistry of compounds
Chea'dle's disease' [Walter Butler Cheadle, English not containing carbon, med'ical c., c. in its
physician, contemporary.] Infantile scurvy.* relation to pharmacy, physiology, or any science
check. X. To arrest or slow the course of any- connected with medicine, metabol'ic c, phys-
thing, as of a disease. 2. To compare or review iological c. OTgan'ic c, the c. of substances con-
in order to ensure accuracy, c. ezper'iment, taining combustible carbon compounds, physio-
control experiment. log'ical c, the c of the living organism and of all
.

check'erbeny. Wintergreen, gaultheria.* its processes, synthet'ic c, constructive t.,

cheek-hone. Os* zygomaticum, malar bone. that which has to do with the formation or
cheese. The compressed casein of milk, variously building up of complex compounds by uniting
altered by bacterial action and flavored. and changing the more simple ones.
cheesy (che'zi). Caseous, of the consistence of chemoceptor (kem"o-sep'tor) One of the side
cottage cheese. chains or receptors in a living cell, having an
cheilectropion, cheilitis, etc. See chilectropion, affinity for and fixing the chemical substances or
chiliUs, etc. drugs.
cheiragra, cheiralgia, etc. See chiragra, chiralgia, etc. chemoi mmn ni ty (kem-o-im-u'ni-tl). Immunochem-
chek'an, chek'en, cheq'uen. The leaves of a South istry.
American plant, Myrius checken or Eugenia chemoimmunology (kem-o-im-u-nol'o-jl). The
cheken; employed in catarrhal affections of the science of immunochemistry.
respiratory and urinary tract in doses of 3 1-2 chemolysis (kem-oll-sis) Chemical decomposition
.

(4 0-8 o) of a fluidextract.
. .
chemoreceptor (kem-o-re-sep'tor). Chemoceptor.
chelen (ke'len). Ethyl chloride. chemoresistance (kem-o-re-zis'tans). Immunity
chelerythrine (kel-er'e-thren). Pyrrhopine, an alka- to the action of chemical poisons.
loid, C21H17NO1, from chelidonium, and found chemosis (ke-mo'sis) [G. cheme, cockle.] Edema
also in small amount in sanguinaria. of the ocular conjunctiva, forming a swelling
chelidon (kel'e-don) [G. chelidon, a swallow, around the cornea.
because of a fancied resemblance to the shape cheaiosynthesis (kem-o-sin'the-sis). The forma-
of a swallow's tail.] The cubital fossa or bend tion of certain definite compounds by chemical
of the elbow. action.
chelid'onine (kel-id'on-en). Stylophorine, a crys- chemotac'tic. Relating to chemotaxis.
talline alkaloid from chelidonium. chemotaxis (kem-o-tak'sis) [G. chemeia, chemistry,
chelidonium (kel-e-do'nl-uro). The dried plant, + taxis, orderly arrangement.] Reaction of
Chelidonium majus, great or garden celandine; living protoplasm to a chemical stimulus, where-
nervous sedative and purgative in doses of by the cells are attracted {positive c.) or repelled
31-2 (2.0-8.0). (negative c.) by acids, alkalies, or other bodies
cheloid (ke'loid) [G. chele, a claw, +
eidos, resem- exhibiting chemical properties; chemiotaxis,
blance.] A fibrous growth of the cicatricial type chemotropism.
of connective tissue, arising in consequence of chemotherapy (kem-o-ther'a-pl). Treatment of
irritation and usually from a scar; keloid. disease by means of chemical substances or drugs.
CHEMOTIC 189 CHILE CTROPION

chemotic (ke-mot'io). Relating to chemosis. ceases for half a minute or so and then begins
chemotropism (kem-ot'ro-pizm) [G. chemeia, + again as before.
' tropos, direction, turn.] The capacity or impulse, CHI3. Iodoform.
possessed by cells or cellular organisms, to turn or CjH(I. Ethyl iodide.
progress in a certain direction under the influence Chian tur'pentine (ki'an) [Chios, an island in the
of definite chemical stimuli; chemotaxis. eastern Mediterranean.] An exudation from
Chenopodia'ceae. An order of dicotyledonous Pistacia terebinthus, a small tree of Chios and
plants, the small flowers of which are clustered to regions to the eastward; has been used in cancer
form a dense inflorescence; it includes chenopo- in doses of gr. 3-5 (0.2-0.3).
dium, the beet, and spinach. Chiari's net'work (ke-ah're) [Hans Chiari, German
chenopodium (ke-no-po'd!-um) [G. chen, goose, + physician,*i85i.] Fibers stretching across the
pous(pod-), foot.] The dried ripe fruit of Cheno- cavity of the right atrium of the heart, thought
podium ambrosioides, American wormseed, Mexi- to be the remains of the embryonic valves of the
can tea, Jesuit tea; anthelmintic in dose of gr. right venous sinus they are very rarely present.
;

20 (1.3), or of 2 ounces (60.0) of a, decoction chiasm (ki'azm) [G. chiasma, two crossing lines.]
of an ounce to the pint. A decussation or crossing of two tracts, such as
Cherchevski's (sher-shev'ske)
disease' [Michael tendons or nerves.
Cherchevski, Russian physician, contemporary.] chiasma (ki-az'mah). Chiasm, c. op'ticum, optic
Nervous ileus, false intestinal obstruction. chiasm, a flattened quadrangular body in front of
cheromania (ker-o-ma'nl-ah) [G. chairo, I rejoice, the tuber cinereum and infundibulum, the
+ mania, madness.] A
form of insanity charac- point of crossing or decussation of the fibers of
terized by gaiety and exuberance of spirits. the optic nerves; most of the fibers cross to the
cherophobia (ker-o-fo'bl-ah) [G. chairo, I rejoice, opposite side, some run directly forward on each
+ phobos, fear.] An aversion to and morbid side without crossing, some pass transversely on
fear of gaiety. the posterior surface between the two optic
cherr'y [L. cerasus.l The fruit of a species of tracts, and others pass transversely on the ante-
Prunus. c. lau'rel, Prunus laurocerasus. wild rior surface between the two optic nerves, c.
c, Prunus serotina, prunus* virginiana. ten'dinum, passage of the tendons of the flexor
Chervin's meth'od (sher-van') [Claudius Chervin, digitorum profundus through the intervals left
French pedagogue, 1824-1896.] A gymnastic by the splitting of the tendons of the flexor
method of treating stuttering. digitorum sublimis.
chest [A.S. cest, a box.] The thorax, a'lar c, chiasmatic (ki-az-mat'ik). Relating to the optic
phthinoid* c. bar'rel c, a. c. permanently the chiasm, c. syn' drome, hypophysis* syndrome.
shape of one during full inspiration, seen in cases Chiazzi's operation (ke-at'se). Epiplopexy.
of emphysema, c. in'dex, thoracic index.* Chick's Springs, S. C. Calcic-chalybeate waters.
cobb'ler's c, characterized by a depression of the Two springs, " Iron " and " Sulphur. " Atonic
lower half of the sternum; seen in shoemakers dyspepsia, hepatic congestion, and Bright's
and others whose occupation causes pressure to disease.
be mSde in this locality, flat c, one in which the chick'en-breast. Pectus carinatum.
anteroposterior diameter is shorter than the chick' en -pox. Varicella; an acute contagious
average, fo'veated c, funnel i;. funn'el c, disease, occurring usually in children only,
funnel breast.* phthin'oid c, see under phthin- marked by a sparse eruption of papules, becom-
oid. pter'ygoid c, phthinoid* c ing vesicles and then pustules, like that of
smallpox though less severe; there are usually
deformity, thoracocyllosis, pectus carinatum. exami> also mild constitutional symptoms. The incu-
nation, stethoscopy, thoracoscopy, gas and pus in,
pyopneumothorax, gas and serum in, hydropneumo- bation period is about 14 to 17 days.
thorax. gas in, pneumothorax, aerothorax. incision chignon (she-nyon'). Beigel's* disease.
into, thoracotomy, pleurotomy. instrument for mag- chigo, chigre (che'go che'gra) [Sp-. from the Carib
;

nifying sounds in, stethoscope, phonendoscope, stetho-

phonometer, stethonoscope. instrument for measur- name.] Jigger.
ing curvature, stethocyrtograph, stethogoniometer, chil'blain [E. chill + blain.] Pernio; erythema of
stethooyrtometer. instrument for measuring move- the hands and with burning and itching
feet,
ments, pneograph, pneoscope, pneumoscope, pneumo- sometimes with chapping and ulceration, caused
graph, pneumatograph, stethograph, stetnometer,
thoiacometer. muscular inflammation, stethomyitis. by damp cold.
narrow, stenothorax, thoracostenosis. pain, pleuro- child, pi. chil'dren [A.S. cild.] A young person,
dynia, pleuralgia, thoracodynia, thoraoalgia. paraly-
puncture of, para- one who has not arrived at the age of puberty.
sis of muscles, stethoparalysis.
centesis thoracis, thoracentesis, thoracocentesis.pleuro- child'bearing. Pregnancy and parturition, c. age,
centesis. pus in, pyothorax. serum m, hydrothorax. the period in a woman's life between puberty
spasm of muscles, stethospasm. and the menopause.
chest'nut. i. Castanea. 2. In a horse, the rudi- child'bed. Puerperium; the condition during and
immediately following the giving birth to a child.
ment of the nail or hoof of the internal digit or
fe'ver, puerperal* fever, puerperal septi-
thumb; a homy growth on the middle or infe- c.
cemia.
rior third of the internal face of the hock.
i. The period of life between in-
_

chew [A.S. ceowan^ To masticate, to comminute child'hood.

with the teeth. fancy and puberty. 2. In dentistry the period
Cheyne's nystag'mus [See Cheyne-Stokes.} A nys-
between the first appearance of the milk teeth
tagmus with a rhythm like that of Cheyne-Stokes and the complete formation of the roots of all
the permanent teeth except the third molars;
respiration.
the childhood period of the permanent teeth is
Cheyne-Stokes asth'ma (chan-stoks) [John Cheyne,
William Stokes, the time between their first appearance and the
Scotch physician, 1 777-1836 1

The dyspnea of ad- complete formation of all the roots except those
Irish physician, 1804-1878.]
of the third molars.
vanced myocardiac degeneration. C.-S. respi-
the respira- chilectropion (ki-lek-tro'pl-on) [G. cheilos, lip,
ra'tion, a type of breathing in which
-f-

ehiropos, a turning out.] Eversion of the lips

tions gradually increase in depth up to a
certain
respiration or a lip.
point and then decrease; flnally all
 CHILITIS 190 CHIROCINESTHESIA

chilitis (ki-li'(le')tis) [G. cheilos, lip, + -»'/«.] In- acute rheumatism, and other affections in doses
flammation of the Hps or of a lip. c. exfoliati'- of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0).
va, seborrheic dermatitis affecting the vermilion China-root. The rhizome of Smilax china.
border of the lips. u. glandula'ris, inflammation chinaseptol (ki-ni-sep'tol). Quinaseptol.
of the mucous membrane of the lips with enlarge- chin-cough. Whooping-cough.
ment of the glands and a discharge of thick chinin (ki'nin). Quinine.
mucus. chinof orm (ki'no-f orm) . A
compound of formalde-
chill [A.S. cele, cold.] i. A
sensation of cold 2. hyde and cinchotannic acid, employed as an
Rigor, a feeling of cold with shivering and pallor, intestinal antiseptic.
accompanied by an elevation of temperature in chinoidin, chinoidinum (kin'oy-din, kin-oy-di'-
the interior of the body, often the first symptom num). Quinoidine.
of an infection, conges'tive c, a form of per- chinol (ki'nol). A
synthetic antipyretic and
nicious malaria in which the paroxysm is accom- analgesic; dose, gr. 3-5 (0.2—0.3).
panied by congestion of the gastroenteric tract chinoline (kin'o-len). Quinoline.
and profuse diarrhea preceded by a chill, vomit- chinone (ki'non). Quinone.
ing, and prostration. chinopyrin (ki"no-pi'rin). Quinopyrine.
chills and fe'ver. Malaria. chinosol (kin'o-sol). Quinosol, oxychinolin potas-
chilognathopalatoschisis (ki-log-nath"o-pal-at-os'kl- sium sulphate, a yellow crystalline powder; anti-
sis) [G. cheilos, lip, + gnathos, jaw, + L. palatum, septic and disinfectant in solutions of 1—2000 to
palate, + G. schists, fissure.] Chilognathouranos- I— 100, and employed in 5 per cent, solution to
chisis, harelip and cleft palate. preserve anatomical specimens.
chilognathouranoschisis (ki-log-nath"o-u-ran-os'kS, chinotropin (ki.-no-tro'pin) Quinate of urotropin;
.

sis) [G. cheilos, lip, -{- gnathos, jaw, -{- ouranoS' urinary antiseptic; dose, gr. 5-15 (0.3—1.0).
palate, + schisis, fissure.] Harelip with cleft chionablepsia (ki-on-a-blep'si-ah) [G. chion, snow,
palate. -f- ablepsia, blindness.] Snow-blindness.
chiloplasty (ki'lo-plas-ti) [G. cheilos, lip, -I- plasso, chionan'thin. A
dried extract from the bark of
I form.] Operative repair of defects or malfor- chionanthus; a bitter brown powder, employed
mations of the Up; plastic surgery of the lips. in eclectic medicine as a diuretic and purgative in
chilopodiasis (ki-lo-po-di'a.-sis) [G. cheilos, lip, + doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06—0.2).
pons {pod-), foot, + -iasis.] Invasion of one of chionanthus (ki-o-nan'thus) [G. chion, snow, -f-
the cavities, especially the nasal cavity, by a anthos, flower.] (N.F.) Fringe tree bark, old
species of the Chilopoda or centipede family. man's beard, the dried bark of the root of
chiloschisis (ki-los'kl-sis) [G. cheilos, lip, + schisis Chionanthus virginica, snowdrop tree; employed
fissure.] Harelip. as an aperientand diuretic in diseases of the liver
chilostomatoplasty (ki-los-to'ma-to-plas-tJ) [G. chei- with jaundice and clay-colored stools, in doses of
los, lip, -f stoma{siomat-), mouth, + plasso, I iTi!30 (2 o) of the N.F. flvudextract, or of 115-10
.

mould.] A plastic operation on the mouth and (0.3—0.6) of the specific eclectic preparation.
lips; an operation for the closure of a harelip. Chipault's meth'od (she-po') [A. ChipauU, Parisian
chilos'tomoplsisty. Chilostomatoplasty. stirgeon, contemporary.] Straightening* of the
chilotomy (ki-lot'o-mi) [G. cheilos, Up, -1- tofne, in spine, in the angular curvature of Pott's disease,
cision.] I. Excision of a portion of the lip, as for and then lacing the spinous processes together by
the removal of an epithelioma. 2. Cutting away silver wire.
an overgrowth near the articular end of the femur chip-blower (chip'blo-ur). An instrument for
or other of the long bones which interfere with blowing the dust out of a tooth cavity which is
movement in cases of chronic hypertrophic being excavated for a filling; it consists of a rub-
arthritis. ber bulb with metal nozzle.
chimaphila (kim-af'e-lah) [G. cheima, winter, -t- Chiracanthus (ki-ra-kan'thus) [G. cheir, hand, -|-
philos, loving,] (N.F.) The dried leaves of akantha, thorn.] A
genus of nematoid worms,
Chimaphila umbellata, pipsissewa. Prince's pine; now called Gnathostoma.
diuretic and alterative, in doses of gr. 15—30 chiragra (ki-rag'ra) [G. cheir, hand, -)- agra, seizure.]
(i .0-2.0). Gout in the hand.
chimaphilin (kim-af 'il-in) A crystallizable prin-
. chiral'gia (ki-ral'jS-ah) [G. cheir,
hand, -I- algos, pain].
ciple, C24H21O4, from chimaphila; diuretic in Pain, especially nontraumatic or neuralgic pain,
dose of gr. 2-3 (0.13-0.2). in the hand.
chim'ney-sweeps' can'cer. Epithelioma of the chiralkol (ki-ral'kol) [G. cheir, hand, -)- alcohol]
scrotum occurring in chimney-sweeps as a result, Trade name of a solid alcohol soap, said to con-
it is thought, of long continued irritation by soot tain from 70 to 80 per cent, or more of alcohol
particles. combined with palmitin, cocoa butter, or nut
chimogene(ki'mo-jen) [G. cheimdn,wmteT, + gennao, fat; recommended as a disinfectant of the
I produce.] Trade name of a volatile liquid used hands.
to produce local anesthesia by congelation.
chin [A.S. cin.] Mentum, the prominence formed
chirapsia (ki-rah'sl-ah) [G. cheir, hand, + hapsis,
a touching.] Rubbing or friction with the
by the anterior projection of the mandible, or hand.
lower jaw. double c, buccula. chirata (che-rah'tah, ki-ra'tah) [Hindu.] N.F. and
china (ki'nah). Cinchona. Br.) The dried plant, Swertia chirayita, chiretta,
.

chinaphenin (ki"nah-f en'in) Phenetidin quinine-

. a gentian of the Himalayas; stomachic and tonic
carbonic-acid ester; a white tasteless powder, in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0).
employed as an antipyretic in doses of gr, 5-15 chir'atin, chirett'in. A bitter principle, CzcHjsOis,
(0,3-1,0); used for whooping-cough in doses of from chirata.
gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). chiret'ta. Chirata.
chinaphthol (ki-naf'thol). Quinaphthol, quinine chirocinesthesia, chirocinsesthesia (ki-ro-sin-es-
betanaphthol-monosulphonate; a yellow crystal- the'-z!-ah) [G. cheir, hand, + kinesis, movement,"
line powder, containing 42 per cent, of quinine;
+ aislhesis, sensation.] The subjective sensa-
employed in intestinal tuberculosis, dysentery, tion of movements of the hand.
HROCINESTHETIC 191 CHLORALFORMAMIDUM
rocinesthetic, cIiiTocinssthetic (ki-ro-sin-es- bacteria or Schizomycetes, including the higher
;het'-ik). Relating to chirocinestheaia. bacteria, which are enclosed in a sheath.
jognomy (ki-rqg'no-mi) [G. cheir, hand, + chlam"ydobacte'rium. Any of the higher bacteria
gnomon, -a judge.] Physiognomy of the hand, or members of the Chlamydobacteriacece.
study of the hand as an index of character. chlam'ydospore [G. chlamys{chlamyd-), cloak.] A
Tognostic (ki-rog-nos'tik) [G. cheir, hand, + sexual spore protected by a chitinous envelope.
ptostikos, good at knowing.] Able to recognize Chlamydozoa (klam"e-do-zo'ah) [G. chlamys, a
the hand, or to distinguish between right and mantle, -I- zoon, an animal.] A
term applied to
.eft. c. feeling, the sense of " sidedness," the a collective group of minute animal parasites
power to recognize, with eyes closed, which side which are extracellular or intracellular; in the
'S touched. latter case their presence excites a reaction in
iiokinesthesia, chirokinaesthesia (ki-ro-kin-es- the cell which forms for them a capsule or mantle.
the'zi-ah) . Chirocinesthesia. chloasma (klo-az'mah) [G. chloazo, I become green.]
irokinesthetic, chirokinEesthetic (ki-ro-kin-es- The occurrence of light brown patches of irregu-
thet'ik). Chirocinesthetic. lar shape and size on the sldn of the face and else-
irol (ki'rol) [G. cheir, hand, + L. oleum, oil.] where the pigmented patches are also called moth
;

^n ethereal and alcoholic soution of various patches and liver spots, c. bronzi'num, tropical
resins and oils, used as an antiseptic wash for the mask, a bronze colored pigmentation occurring
tiands. in gradually increasing areas on the face, neck,
iromegaly (ki-ro-meg'al-i) [G. cheir, hand, + and chest in persons exposed continuously to
me gas (mega/-), large.] Abnormal size of one or the tropical sun. t. phthis'icum, pigmentation
both hands; macrocheilia. of the chest in pulmonary tuberculosis, c. uteri'-
iropio'dist (ki-rop'o-dist) [G. cheir, hand, + num, c, of the face occurring in pregnancy
pous(pod-), foot.] A non-medical person who and in diseases of the uterus or ovaries, idio-
treats corns, callosities, and other minor troubles path'ic c, c. occurring from external irritation,
Df the feet. such as heat (c. calor'icum), scratching (c. trau-
iropodol'ogy (ki-rop-o-dol'o-ji) [G. cheir, hand, mat'icum), local poisoning (c. tox'icum), etc.
+ pous(pod-), foot, +
-logic.} I. The study of symptomatic c, c. occurring in the subjects of
:reatment of the minor ailments of the feet, such various systemic affections, such as syphilis or
IS corns, bunions, in-growing nail, etc. 2. A malaria.
treatise on those affections. chlorace'tic acid. An acetic acid in which one or
Topody (ki-rop'o-di). Chiropodology (i). more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by
ropompholyx (ki-ro-pomi'fo-liks) [G.cAe«>,hand.] chlorine; according to the number of atoms so
Same as pompholyx. displaced the acid is called monochloracetic (r
Topractic (ki-ro-prak'tik) [G, cheir, hand, +prak- atom), dichloracetic (2 atoms), or trichloracetic
ikos, efficient.] A method of palpation, nerve (3 atoms) acid.
;racing, and adjustment of vertebras for the relief chloracetiza'tion. The production of local anes-
3f morbid conditions. thesiaby the application of a mixture of chloro-
ropractor (ki-ro-prak'tor). [G. cheir, hand, -|- form and glacial acetic acid.
praktor, agent.] One who
treats morbid condi- chlo'ral. Chloralum, trichloraldehyde, CCI3.CHO,
;ions according to the chiropractic method. anhydrous chloral, a thin oily liquid of a piuigent
rospasm (ki'ro-spazm) [G. cheir, hand, + odor, formed by the action of chlorine gas on
ipasmos, spasm.] Writers' cramp or other spas- alcohol, c. camphora'tum (N.P.), camphorated
nodic affection of the muscles of the hand. chloral a liquid prepared by triturating together
;

lurgeon (ki-rur'jon) [G. cheir, hand, ergon, + equal parts of camphor and chloral hydrate;
BTork.] Surgeon. employed externally as an anodyne in neu-
rurgery (ki-rur'jer-i.) [G. cheirourgia.] Surgery. ralgia, c. hy'drate, chloralum hydratum.
rurgical (ki-rur'jx-kal). Surgical. chloralam'ide. Chloral-ammonia. Incorrectly ap-
s'el-frac'ture. A
fracture of the head of the plied to chloralformamide.
adius in which a segment is obliquely detached, chloralam'ine. Chloralformamidum.
hough usually held by periosteum at its lower chloralammo'nia. Chloralamide, a white crystal-
;nd. line powder; hypnotic and analgesic, in doses of
tin (ki'tin) [G. chiton, a coat or tunic] A kera- gr- 13-30 (1.0-2.0).
;oid substance forming largely the exoskeletal chloralam'ylene hy'drate. Dormiol, formed by
md other hard parts of non-vertebrates. mixing anhydrous chloral and amylene hydrate;
tinous (ki'tin-us). Of or relating to chitin. u. a colorless fluid employed as an hypnotic in doses
legenera'tion, amyloid degeneration.* of Iffi7i-is (0.5-1.0).
tonitis (ki-ton-i'(e')tis) [G. chiton, tunic, -I- chloralbacid (klo-ral-bas'id). A yellowish white
itis.1 Inflammation of any investing membrane, powder, a compound of chloral and albumin;
luch as the visceral pleura or peritoneum. recommended in gastric and intestinal indiges-
ittenan'go Sulphur Springs, N. Y. Calcic-sulphur- tion, in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0).
ited waters, 45° F. Three springs. Used by chlo'ral-caf'feine. Made by mixing 10 parts of
irinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, caffeine and 7 8 parts of chloral hydrate in a
.

leuralgia, cutaneous diseases, nervous aflec- concentrated alcoholic or aqueous solution and
ions, insomnia, renal affections, and general de- evaporating; occurs in lustrous leaflets; hypnotic
jility. and sedative in doses of gr. 3-6 (o 2-0 4).
.
.

itt'enden's stand'ard di'et [Russell Henry Chitten- chIo"ralcam"phorox'iine. A

white crystalline pow-
len,American physiological chemist, *i856.] A der, a compound of camphor, chloral hydrate,

lietcontaining from 47 to 55 grams of protein, and an oxime hypnotic and

; antiseptic.

aid to be sufficient to maintain the nitrogenous cliloral£or"iiiami'dum. Chloralamide, formami-

iquilibrium in an adult male. dated chloral, C3H4O2CI3N, derived from an-
ttim-wood bark (kit'im). Rhamnus purshiana. hydrous chloral by the, action of formamide;
lamydobacteriaceae (klam"e-do-bak-te"re-a'se-e) hypnotic and analgesic in doses of gr. 10-30
G. chlamys(chlamyd-), mantle.] A
family of (0.6-2.0).
 CHLORALIMIDE 192 CHLOROPHANE

chlorarimide. Made by heating chloralamide or bromine, iodine, and fluorine; the halogens; they
by the action of ammonium acetate on chloral form, monobasic acids with hydrogen, and their
hydrate; occurs in colorless, tasteless, and odor- hydroxides (fluorine forms none) are also mono-
less crystals; hypnotic and analgesic in doses of basic acids, t. water, aqua chlori (U.S. 1890),

gr. 15-45 (1.0-3.0). liquor chlori compositus (U.S. 1900).

chlo'raUsm. The habitual use of chloral as an chlo'rinated. Containing chlorine.
intoxicant, and the symptoms caused thereby chlo'rite. A salt of chlorous acid.
chloralose (klo'ral-oz). Made by heating anhydrous chlormeth'yl. Methyl chloride.
chloral with glucose; colorless crystals of bitter chloroane'mia, chloroanae'mia. Chloranemia.
taste; hypnotic in doses of gr. 3-12 (0.2-0.8). chlorodyne (klo'ro-din). Trade name of an anodyne
chloralox'ime. A
compoimd of chloral hydrate mixture of chloroform, cannabis indica, hydro-
with an oxime. cyanic acid, and capsicum; dose, 1515-10 (0.3-0.6).
chlora'lum. c. hydra'tum (U.S.), chloral
Chloral, Chloroflagell'ida [G. chloros, green.] An order of
hydras trichlorethylidene glycol, CCl,.-
(Br.), the Phyioflagellaia, the individuals of which
CH(0H)2; occurs in large rhombic crystals or have green chromatophores.
in white crystalline masses; hypnotic and anal- cUoioblast (klo'ro-blast) [G. chloros, yellowish
gesic in doses of gr. 5-30 (o 3-2 o).. . green, -I- blastos, germ.] Erythroblast.
chloralurethane (klo-ral-u're-than). Ural, made by chlo'roform. Chloroformum. ac'etone c, chlore-
heating chloral with lu-ethane and treating with tone. delayed c. pois'oning, the occurrence of
hydrochloric and siilphuric acids; occurs in color- grave symptoms, usually ending in death, com-
less crystals; hypnotic in doses of gr. 10-45 (0.6- ing on in from a few hours to several days
3-o)- after chloroform anesthesia it is assumed to be
;

chloramine-T (klor-am'en-te) Sodium paratolu-

. due to autointoxication resulting from hepatic
ene sulphonechloramine, an odorless crystal- inadequacy in cases of fatty liver, the suppression
line powder, containing 12.6 per cent, chlorine, of function being aggravated by the shock and
readily soluble in water; it is non-toxic, but the presence of chloroform in the blood.
strongly antiseptic and is employed in o 5 to 4 per
. chlorofor'min. A toxin extracted from tubercle
cent, solution in the irrigation of wounds and in- bacilli by means of chloroform.
fected cavities; dichloramine-T (q.v.) has similar chlo'rofonnism. The habit of chloroform inhala-
properties, but is soluble in oil, not in water. tion and the symptoms caused thereby.
chloranemia, chloranEemia (klor-an-e'ml-ah) chlorofor'mum, chlo'roform (U.S. and Br.). Tri-
[chlorosis +
anemia."] A
chlorosis-like anemia oc- chloromethane, methylene trichloride, CHCl,, a
curring in tuberculosis, cancer, and other cachectic heavy colorless liquid of sweetish taste and
conditions. characteristic odor, prepared from alcohol or
chloran'odyne. Trade name of a mixture contain- acetone by the action of chlorinated lime; em-
ing chloroform, morphine, cannabis indica, and ployed by inhalation to produce general anesthe-
hydrocyanic acid; anodyne in doses of 11^15(1 .o). sia, and internally as an anodyne, sedative, and
chlo'rate. A
salt of chloric acid. antispasmodic in doses of 1113—5 (0-2-0.3).
chlorazene (klor'S-zen) Trade name of a special
. chloTOgenine (klo-roj'en-en). Alstonine, an alka-
make of chloramine-T. loid, CjjHjiNjOj, from the bark of Alstonia con-
chlorcam'phor. A compound of camphor and stricta, Australian fever bark; antiperiodic, anti-
chlorine. pyretic,and tonic.
chlorcosane (klor'ko-san). Trade name of a chlo'rol. Trade name of a liquid disinfectant, said
straw-colored tasteless liquid made by chlorin- to be an aqueous solution of mercuric chloride,
ating hard paraffin wax; employed as a solvent sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and copper
for dichloramine-T. sulphate.
chlore'mia, chlorse'mia. Chlorosis. chlo'roUn. Trade name of a- liquid disinfectant,
chlorephidrosis (klor-ef-I-dro'sis) [G. chloroi, green, said to contain monochlorphenol and trichlor-
-f- ephidrosis, perspiration.] A
greenish discolora- phenol.
tion of the sweat. chlorolymphosarcoma (klo"ro-lim"fo-sar-ko'mah).
chloreth'yl. Ethyl* chloride. A variety of chlorosarcoma.
chloretone (klo're-ton). Acetone-chloroform, ter- chloro'ma [G. chloros, green, + -oma.} A condition
tiary trichlorbutyl-alcohol, C4H7CI3O, occurring marked by the occurrence of mviltiple growths,
in white crystals of camphor-like odor and taste; often of a greenish or greenish yellow color, on
hypnotic, sedative, and local anesthetic in doses the periosteum of the bones of the face or skull
of gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3). and occasionally on the vertebrae, associated
chlo'ric. Relating to chlorine; noting compounds with the presence in the blood of numbers of
containing a smaUer proportion of chlorine than lymphocytes or myeloblasts; green cancer,
the chlorous compounds, c. acid, a colorless, chlorosarcoma.
very acid liquid, HCIO,; it forms stable salts, chloromorphine (klo-ro-mor'fen). A product oc-
but is itself easily decomposed, u. e'ther, spiritus* curring as an intermediate body in the conversion
chloroformi. of morphine into apomorphine; it is said to have
chlo'ride. A compound of chlorine with another a sedative action, but with a tendency to cause
element. paralysis of the respiratory center.
chloridimetry (klor-t-dim'e-trJ) [chloride + G. chloromyeloma (klo-ro-mi-el-o'mah) [G. chldros,
metron, measure.] The process of determining green, -I- myelos, marrow, + -dma.'\ Chloroma
the amount of chlorides in the urine or other associated with multiple growths in the bone-
fluid. marrow.
chlcrine (klo'rSn, klo'rin) [G. chloros, yellowish chloroper'cha. A solution of guttapercha in chloro-
green.] Chlorum, a greenish, irritating, gaseous form, used in dentistry as a protective varnish
element, symbol CI, atomic weight 35.46; disin- and for filling minute cavities.
fectant and bleaching in the form of calcium chlorophane (klo'ro-fan) [G. chloros, greenish yellow,
chloride or of chlorine water, aqua* chlori. c. + phaino, I show.] A greenish yellow pigment in
group, the four univalent metalloids, chlorine, the retina.
CHLOROPHENOL 193 CHOLANGITIS
chlorophe'nol. One of several substitution prod- C,H,0,. Glycerol, glycerin.
ucts, obtained by the action of chlorine on phenol, C4H,02. Crotonic acid.
employed as antiseptics; see irichlorophenol, c. CjHjO,. Malic acid.
sal'icylate, chlorosalol. C4H,0,. Tartaric acid.
chlo'rophyl, chlo'rophyU [G. chloros, yellowish CjHgOj. Isobutyric acid.
green, + phyllon, leaf.] The green pigment of C^HiO,. Normal butyric acid.
plants. CiHijO. Sulphuric ether.
chloroplas'tid [G. chloros, green, +
plastos, formed.] CjHijOj. Valerianic, or valeric, acid, C4H, COOH.
A
granule of chlorophyl. CgHijO. Amyl alcohol, fusel oil
.

chlorop'aia [G. chloros, yellowish green, opsis, + C,H,0. Carbolic acid, phenol.
eyesight.] Green vision, a condition in which all C,H,Oj. Citric acid.
objects appear to be colored green. C,H,||0,. Cellulose, starch.
chloTosal'ol. Chlorophenol salicylate, an external C,H,20,. Grape sugar.
antiseptic. C7H4O,. Meconic acid
chlorosarcolymphadeny (Mo"ro-sar"ko-limf-ad'en-I) C,H,Oj. Benzoic acid, C,H,. COOH.
[chlorosarcoma + lymphadenia.] Chlorolympho- C,H,0,. Salicylic acid, C.H^. OH COOH..

sarcoma. C,H,Oj. Gallic acid.

chlorosaTco'ma [G. chloros, green, + sarx, flesh, + Ci2H2.^0n. Cane sugar.
-dnta.] A sarcomatous variant of chloroma. ^n^io^f. Tannic acid, gallotannic acid.
chlorosarcomyeloma (klo"ro-sar"ko-mi-el-o'mah). C,,H,,04. Chrysophanic acid.
A sarcomatous variant of chloromyeloma. CiiH^Oj. Oleic acid.
chloro'sis [G. chloros, green.] A form of anemia, Ci,H„Oj. Stearic acid, C„H,5.COOH.
occurring chiefly in young girls it is characterized
;
choana, pi. choa'nce (ko-a'nah) [L. from G. choane,
by a marked reduction in the hemoglobin, out of funnel.] An infundibulum specifically [BNA]
;

proportion to the diminution in number of red posterior naris, the opening into the nas6pharjTix
blood-cells. Egyp'tian c, ankylostomiasis, uncin- of the nasal fossa on either side.
ariasis, choanate (ko'an-at). Having a funnel, i.e. with a
chlorostigma (klo-ros'tig-mah) [G. chloros, green, + ring or collar, noting the members of the Choano
.
stigma, spot.] The plant Chlorostigma stucker- fiagellata and certain other protozoans.
tianum, growing in the Argentine Republic; em- Choanoflagellata (ko"an-o-fiaj-el-a'tah) [G. choane,
ployed as a galactogogue. a funnel.] A
subclass of Zoomastigophora, the
chlorot'ic. Relating to or suffering from chlorosis. members of which present a ring or collar of proto-
chlo'rous. Relating to chlorine noting compounds
; plasm around the base of the flagellum.
of chlorine containing a larger proportion of the choanoid (ko'an-oyd) [Gi choane, funnel, + eidos,
element than the chloric compounds. c. acid, resemblance.] Funnel-shaped, infundibuliform.
HCIO2, an acid forming chlorites with bases. choc en retour (shok-on-re-toor') [Fr. return shock.]
chloroxyl (klor-oks'il). Trade name of cinchophen I. The falling of the fetus against the finger-tip in
hydrochloride, a yellow crystalline powder ballottement. a. Infection of the mother from a
with an astringent taste, insoluble in water and syphilitic fetus.
only slightly soluble in alcohol; used to meet choc'olate [Mex. choco, cacao, + latl, water.] A
the same indications and in the same dose as substance made by grinding the roasted seeds of
cinchophen. cacao, or theobroma, and mixing with sugar,
Chlorozylon swietenia (Uo-roks'i-lon swe-te'ni-ah) vanilla, cinnamon, or other flavor; also a beverage
[G. chloros, green, + xylon, wood; van Swieten.*'\ made by dissolving this in milk or water.
East Indian satinwood. CzHjOH. Alcohol, ethyl alcohol.
chloroxylonine (klo-rok-stl'o-nen) . A crystalline CgHgOH. Carbolic acid, phenol.
alkaloid, C22H23NO7, derived from East Indian C.Hj OH COOH. Salicylic atfid.
. .

satinwood, Chloroxylon swietenia, locally irritating choke. To prevent respiration by compression or

and often causing a dermatitis in workers in this obstruction of the larynx or trachea, thorac'ic c.
wood. obstruction by a foreign body in the thoracic
chlo'rozone. Trade name of a disinfectant liquid. portion of the esophagus of the horse.
chloiphe'nol. Chlorophenol. choke'damp. Carbonic dioxide or anhydride, COj.
chlo'nim [L.] Chlorine, c. solu'tum, aqua* chlori, choked disc. Papillitis, with excessive serous
chlorine water. infiltration.
chloryl (klo'ril). Trade name of an anesthetic mix- chokes. Caisson disease in which dyspnea and
ture of ethyl and methyl chlorides. coughing are the most marked symptoms.
C,H,(HHj). Aniline. cholsemia. Cholemia.
CH3NO2. Carbamic acid. cholagogic (kol-S-goj'ik). Cholagogue (i).
CjH,(HOj),. Trinitroglycerol, nitroglycerin, glon- cholagogue (kol'S-gog) [G. chole, bile, + agogos
oin leading.] i. Promoting the flow of bile. 2. An

CiH^KjO,. Uric acid. agent which increases the flow of bile.

CtHiiHO,. Amyl nitrite. cholalic (ko-lal'ik). Relating to bile. c. acid,
C,H,nO. Acetanilide. cholic acid, a bile acid, C^iH^jO,, found in the
C,H,HO,. . Hippuric acid, CH2.NH(C,H,.C0).C0- feces.
OH. cholangeitis (ko-lan-je-i'(e')tis). Cholangitis.
C,Hj(H02),0H. Picric acid, trinitrophenol. cholangiostomy (ko-lan-jl-os'td-ml) [G. chole, bile,
CHjO. Formaldehyde, H.CHO. -f- angeion, vessel, +
stoma, mouth.] The
CHjO]. Formic acid. surgical formation of a flstula into a bile-duct.
CH4O. Methyl alcohol, wood alcohol. cholangiotomy (ko-lan-jt-dt'o-ml) [G. chole, bile
CjHjO,. Oxalic acid, COOH COOH.
. -f- angeion, vessel, +
tome, incision.] Incision
CjH.Oj. Acetic acid, CH,.COOH, or HC2H302. into a bile-duct.
Sulphuric ether. cholangitis (ko-lan-ji'(je')tis) [G. chole, bile, -f
(C2H6)20.
Acetone, dimethyl ketone. angeion, vessel, -I- -itis.l Angiocholitis, inflam-
CjHdO-
Lactic acid. mation of a bile-duct.
C,H«0»-
13
 CHOLECYANIN 194 CHOLELITH

cholecyanin (ko-le-si'an-in) fG. chole, bile, + kyanos, + kystis, bladder, -1- pexis, fixation.] Suturing
blue.] A blue pigment derived from biliverdin; the gall-bladder to the abdominal wall.
bilicyanin. cholecystoTThaphy (ko-le-sis-tor'4-fl) [G. chole, bile,
cholecyst (ko'le-sist) . Gall-bladder, vesica* fellea -I- kystis, bladder, + rhaphe, sewing.] Suture of
[BNA]. the incised or ruptured gall-bladder.
cholecystalgia (ko-le-sis-tal'ji-ah) [G. chole, bile, + cholecystostomy (ko-le-sis-tos'to-ml) [G. chole, bile
kystis, bladder, + algos, pain.] Biliary colic. -f kystis, bladder, -f- stoma, mouth.] The sur-
cholecystectasia (ko-le-sis-tek-ta'zl-ah) [G. chole, gical establishment of a fistula into the gall-
bile, + kystis, bladder, + ekiasis, extension. bladder.
Dilatation of the gall-bladder. cholecystotomy (ko-le-sis-tot'o-ml) [G. chole, bile,
cholecystectomy (ko-le-sis-tek'to-ml) [G, chole, bile, + kystis, hlaAisT, tome, incision.]
-I- Incision into
+ kystis, bladder, + ektoml, excision.] Surgical the gall-bladder, ide'al c, cholecystendysis.
removal of the gall-bladder. choledoch (ko'le-dok). Choledochus. c. duct,
cholecystendysis (ko-le-sis-ten'di-sis) [G. chole, bile, ductus choledochus.
-I- kystis, bladder, + endysis, an entering in.] choledochectasia (ko-led-o-kek-ta'zl-ah) [G. chole-
Ideal cholecystotomy, removal of a gallstone by dochos, common bile-duct, H- ektasis, extension.]
incision into the gall-bladder, extraction of the Dilatation of the common bile-duct.
calculus, and suture of the wound in the bladder choledochectomy (ko-led-o-kek'to-irJ) [G. chole-
and the abdominal wall. dochos, common
bile-duct, +
ektome, excision.]
cholecystenterorrhaphy (ko-Ie-sist-en-ter-or'^-ft) [G. Surgical removal of a portion of the common bile-
cholS, bile, -I- kystis, bladder, + enteron, intestine, duct.
+ rhaphe, suture.] Suture of the gall-bladder to choledochendysis (ko-le-dok-en'di-sis) [G. chole, bile,
the intestinal wall. +
dochos, containing, +
endysis, an entering jn. ]
cholecystenterostomy (ko-le-sist-en-ter-os'to-ml) [G. Ideal choledochotomy; removal of a gallstone
chole, bile, -I- kystis, bladder, -I- enteron, intestine, from the common bile-duct by incision, extraction
+ stoma, mouth.] Surgical formation of a direct of the stone, and imra,ediate suture of the duct.
communication between the gall-bladder and the choledochitis (ko-led-o-ki'(ke')tis) [G. choledochos,
intestine. common bile-4uct, -f -itis.l Inflanunation of the
cholecystic (ko-le-sis'tik). Relating to the chole- common bile-duct.
cyst, or gall-bladder. choledochoduodenostom.y (ko-led-o-ko-du-o-de-nos'-
cholecystis (ko-le-sis'tis) [G. chole, bile, -|- kystis, to-ml) [G. choledochos, common bile-duct, -t-

bladder.] Gall-bladder, vesica* fellea [BNA]. L. duodenum +

G. stoma, mouth.] Surgical for-
cholecystitis (ko-le-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. chole, bile, -f- mation of communication, other than the
a
kystis, bladder, -I- -itis.1 Inflammation of the natural one, between the common bile-duct and
gall-bladder. the duodenum.
cholecystocolostomy (ko-le-sis-to-ko-los'to-ml) [G. choledochoenterostomy (ko-led"o ko-en-ter-os'to-
chole, bile, -t- kystis, bladder, +
kolon, colon, -t- raH) [G. choledochos, common
bile-duct, enteron, +
stoma, mouth.]
Operative establishment of a intestine, -f stoma, mouth.] Surgical establish-
communication between the gall-bladder and the ment of a commtmication, other than the
colon. natural one, between the common bile-duct and
cholecystocolotomy (ko-le-sis-to-ko-lot'o-ml). [G. any part of the intestine.
chole, bile, -I- kystis, bladder, +
kolon, colon, + choledochoUthiasis (ko-led-o-ko-lith-i'S-sis) [G. cho-
tome, incision.] Incision into the gall-bladder ledochos, common bile-duct, -I- lithos, stone.]
and the colon. The presence of a gallstone in the common bile-
cholecystoduodenostomy (ko-le-sis'to-du-o-de-nos'- duct.
to-ml) [G. chole, bile, + kystis, bladder, -t- L. choledochoUthotomy (ko-led-o-ko-ll-thot'o-ml) [G.
duodenum + G. stoma, mouth.]
Operative estab- choledochos, common bile-duct, +
lithos, stone, +
lishment of a direct communication between the tome, incision.] Incision of the common bile-
gall-bladder and the duodenum. duct for the extraction of an impacted gall-
cholecystogastrostomy (ko-le-sis"to-gas-tros'to-m!() stone.
[G. chole, bile, -f- kystis, bladder, -f gaster, choledochoUthotripsy (ko-led-o-ko-lith'o-trip-sl) [G.
stomach, -f stoma, mouth.] The establishment -
choledochos, common bile-duct, -I- lithos, stone,
of a communication between the gall-bladder and + tripsis, rubbing.] Crushing of a gallstone in
the stomach. the common duct by manipulation without
cholecystoileostomy (ko-le-sis-to-il-e-os'to-ml) [G. opening of the duct.
cholS, bile, bladder,
-I- L. ileum + G.
kystis, + choledochoplasty (ko-led'o-ko-plas"tr) A plastic
stoma, mouth.] The operative establishment of operation on the common bile-duct.
a communication between the gall-bladder and choledochostomy (ko-led-o-kos'to-ml) [G. chole-
the ileum. dochos, common bile-duct, + stoma, mouth.]
cholecystojejunostomy (ko-le-sis-to-je-ju-nos'to-mt) The surgical establishment of a fistula into the
[G. chole, bile, +
bladder, + L. jejunum-
kystis, common bile-duct.
+ G. stoma, mouth.] The
surgical establishment choledochotomy (ko-led-o-kot'o-ml) [G. choledochos,
of a communication between the gall-bladder and common bile-duct, + tome, incision.] Incision
the jejunum. the common bile-duct, ide'al c, chole-
into
cholecystoUthiasis (ko-le-sis-to-lith-i'i-sis) [G. chole, dochendysis.
bile, + kystis, bladder, -I- lilhos, stone.] Chole- choledochous (ko-Ied'o-kus). Containing or con-
cystic calculus, the presence of one or more gall- veying bile.
stones in the gall-bladder. choledochus (ko-led'o-kus) [G. chole, bile, + dochos,
cholecystoUthotripsy (ko-le-sis-to-lith'o-trip-sl) [G. containing; dechomai, I receive.] The common
chole, bile, -t- kystis, bladder, -t- lithos, stone, -f bile-duct, ductus* choledochus.
tripsis, a rubbing.] The crushing of a gallstone cholehemia, cholehsemia (ko-le-he'ml-ah) [G. choU,
by manipulation of the unopened gall-bladder. bile, + haima, blood.] Cholemia.
cholecystomy (ko-le-sis'to ml). Cholecystotomy. choleic (ko-le'ik). Cholic.
cholecystopexy (ko-le-sis'to-pek-sl) [G. chole, bile. cholelith (ko'le-lith) [G. chole, bile, -I- lithos, stonej
CHOLELITH 19s CHONDRALGIA
Gallstone, biliary calculus, a concretion of inspis- cholesteatoma, pi. cholesteato'mata (kol-es-te-i-to'-
sated bile. mah) [G. chole, bile, -V stear{steat-), fat, -I- -oma.]
cholelithiasis(ko-le-lith-i'a-sis) [G. chole, bile, + A growth consisting of small, pearly nodules,
Uthos, stone.] Gallstone, biliary calculus; a usually springing from the cerebral meninges,
condition in which concretions are present in the formed of concentric layers of endothelial or
gall-bladder or bile-ducts. epithelial cells, often surrounding a core of choles-
choleUthotomy (ko-le-lith-ot'o-ml) [G. chole, bile, terin crystals and fat globules.
4- Uthos, stone, -I- tome, incision.] Operative cholesteremia, cholestersemia (ko-les-ter-e'mJ-ah)
removal of a gallstone. [G. haima, blood.] The presence of cholesterin
cholelithotripsy (ko-le-lith'o-trip-sl) [G, chole, bile, in the blood.
+ Uthos, stone, +
tripsis, a rubbing.] The cholesterilin (ko-les'ter-il-in). One of a number of
crushing of a gallstone. isomeric hydrocarbons resulting from the splitting
cholelithotrity (ko-le-ll-thofri-tl) [G. chole, bile, + up of Cholesterin in the presence_ of concentrated
Uthos, stone, +
L. tritus, from terere, to rub.] sulphuric acid.
Cholelithotripsy. cholesterin (ko-les'ter-in) . Cholesterol, t. cleft,
cholemia, cholsmia (ko-le'ml-ah). The presence see under cleft.
of bile salts in the circulating blood. cholesterinemia (ko-les-ter-in-e'mi-ah). Choles-;
cholepyrrhin (ko-le-pir'in) [G. chole, bile, -I- pyrrhos, teremia, cholesterolemia, the pressure of choles-
flame-colored.] Impure bilirubin, biliphein. terin, or cholesterol, in the blood.
cholera (kol'S-rah) [G. chole, bile, + rheo, I flow; or cholesterinuria (ko-les-ter-in-u'ri-ah) [cholesterin +
Heb. choli-ra, bad
disease (?).] An acute epidem- G. ouron, urine.] Cholesteroluria, the passage o£
ic infectious disease caused by a specific germ. cholesterin in the urine.
Spirillum cholera asiaticce; it is marked clinically cholesterol (ko-les'ter-ol) [G. chole, bile, -|- stereos,
by a profuse watery diarrhea, muscular cramps, solid.] A monatomic alcohol, CgTH^gOH, occur-
vomiting, and collapse. It is called also Asiatic ring in the form of square scaly crystals with a
or Indian cholera, epidemic c, malignant c, notched comer, having an unctuous feel; it is
algid c, asphyctic c, and pestilential c. bil'ious c, found chiefly in the bile, forming the greater
(i) c. morbus; (2) a mild form of Asiatic c. part of gallstones, and also in the brain, in the
chick'en c, fatal specific diarrhea of fowls, u. seeds of plants, in yolk of egg, and elsewhere;
infan'tum, a disease of infants, characterized by called also cholesterin.
vomiting, profuse watery diaTrhea, fever, great cholesterolemia (ko-les-ter-ol-e'mi-ah) {cholesterol
prostration, and collapse, c. mor'bus, an acute \- G. haima, blood.] The presence of choles-
gastroenteritis, marked by severe colic, vomit- terol in the blood.
ing, and watery stools, occurring in hot weather. cholesteroluria (ko-les-ter-ol-u'ri-ah) Choles-
.

c. nos'tras, morbus, c. sic'ca [L. dry], a

c. terinuria, the presence of cholesterin, or choles-
malignant form in which death occurs from
,
terol, in the urine when voided.
toxemia before diarrhea has begun. Europe'an choletelin (ko-let'el-in) [G. chole, bile, +
telos, end.]

c, ^. morbus, hog c, a specific contagious Bilixanthin.

disease of swine marked by inflammation of the choletherapy (ko-le-ther'a-pK) [G. chole, bile, +
lungs and of the intestine; swine plague, pneu- therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by
moenteritis, erysipelas malignum. sim'ple c, the use of oxgall.
bilious 0.(2). sporad'ic c, c. morbus, sum'mer choleuria (ko-le-u'ri-ah). Choluria.
u., c. morbus, win'ter c, an epidemic diarrhea cholever'din. Biliverdin.
ccurring ino the winter season. cholic (kol'ik). Relating to the bile. c. acid,
cholerEiic (kol-S-ra'ik). Relating to cholera. cholalic* acid.
chol"era-red reac'tion. Upon adding 3 or 4 drops choline (kol'en) [G. chole, bile.] A ptomaine occur-
of sulphuric acid (concentrated, chemically pure) ring in the form of a thick syrupy liquid; it
to an eighteen-hour-old bouillon or peptone cul- is found in bile, yolk of eggs, fungi, and other

ture of the cholera vibrio, a color from rose-pink substances, and in the cerebrospinal fluid in cer-
to claret is produced. tain nervous diseases. It is only slightly toxic.
choleriform (kol'er-I-form) [L. forma, form.] Re- cholochrome (kol'o-krom) [G. chole, bile, -I- chroma,
seipbling cholera, choleroid. color.] Bile pigment.
cholerigenous (kol-er-ij'en-us) [cholera + G. gen- chologestin (kol-o-jes'tin). Trade name of a prepa-
nao, I produce.] Causing or engendering ration said to contain sodium glycocholate, so-
cholera. dium salicylate, pancreatin, and sodium bicar-
cholerine (kol'er-en). A
mild form of cholera, bil- bonate, in solution recommended as a cholagogue
;

ious cholera; it is common during epidemics of in doses of 54 (i6.o).

Asiatic cholera, but it is not determined whether chololith (kol'o-lith) [G. chole, bile, + Uthos, stone.]

it is simple cholera morbus, or the true

epidemic Gallstone, biliary calculus, cholelith.
cholelithiasis (kol"o-lith-i'as-is). Cholelithiasis.
disease in mild form.
Inocvdation with chololithic (koi"o-lith'ic). Relating in any way to
cholerization (kol"er-i-za'shun).
gallstones.
cholera as a prophylactic measure.
choleroid (kol'er-oyd) [G. eidos, resemblance.] choloplania (kol-o-pla'nl-ah) [G. chole, bile, -t-
Resembling cholera, choleriform. plane, a wandering.] The presence of bile salts
cholerophobia (kol-er-o-fo'bl-ah) [G. phohos, fever.] in the blood or tissues.
cholorrhea, cholorrhoea (kol-or-re'ah) [G. chole, bile,
A morbid fear of acquiring cholera.
An excessive secretion of bile.
[G. erythros, red.] -I- rhoia, a flow.]
choleiythrin (kol-er'e-thrin)
urinary pigment found choluria (kS-lu'rI-ah) [G. chole, bile, + ouron,
I. Cholera-red. 2. A The presence of bile salts in the urine.
urine.]
in residents of the tropics.
A chromogen chondral (kon'dral) [G. chondros, cartilage.] Relat-
cholerythrogen (kol-er'i-thro- jen) .

ing to cartilage.
which decomposes into cholerythrin; a, toxic
substance which plays an important part m
chondralgia (kon-dral'ji-ah) [G. chondros, cartilage,

the genesis of gastrointestinal disturbances

m + algos, pain.] Pain in or about a cartilage;
chondrodynia.
the tf bpics.
 .

CHONDRALLOPLASIA 196 CHONDROSARCOMA

chondralloplasia (kon"dral-o-pla'z!-ah) [G. chon- the center of the shaft, the ends of the diaphysis
dros, cartilage, + alios, other, + plasis, a mould- are cup-shaped, and the epiphyses are irregular
ing.] The occurrence of cartilage in abnormal in shape and in time and character of ossification.
situations in the bony skeleton. chondrofibroma (kon-dro-fi-bro'mah). A mixed
chondrectomy (kon-drek'to-ml) [G. chondros, car- tumor with elements of fibroma and chondroma.
tilage, + ektome, excision.] Excision of a chondroform (kon'dro-form). Trade name of an
cartilage. antiseptic lubricant made from seaweed.
chondriflcatioii (kon-dri-fi-ka'shun) [G. chondros, chondrogen (kon'dro-jen). Chondrigen, the special
cartilage, + L. facere, to make.] Converjion into cement substance of cartilage which on boiling
cartilage. yields chondrin
chondrify (kon'drl-fi). To become cartilaginous. chondrogenesis (kon-dro-jen'e-sis) [G. chondros,
chondrigen (kon'drlt-jen). Chondrogen, the special cartilage, + genesis, origin.] The formation of
basal substance of cartilage which is converted cartilage.
into chondrin by boiling. chondroglossus (kon-dro-glos'us) [G. chondros,
chondrin (kon'drin). A gelatin-like substance cartilage, + glossa, tongue.] See musculus
obtained from cartilage by boiling, c. ball, one chondroglossus
of the globular masses formed by a group of cells chondroglucose (kon"dro-glu'kOs). A glucose ob-
inclosed in a capsule, in hyaline cartilage. tained from cartilage by boiling in water con-
chondriomite (kon'dre-o-mite) [G. chondros, carti- taining a small proportion of a mineral acid.
lage, -I- mitos, thread.] One of the chains of chondrography (kon-drog'ra-fl) [G. chondros, car-
mitochondria formed in the process of maturation tilage, +
grapho, I write.] A
description of, or
of the oocyte. a treatise on, cartilage and the cartilages of the
chondritis (kon-dri'(dre')tis). Inflammation of body.
cartilage. chondroid (kon'droyd) [G. chondros, cartilage, +
chondroblast (kon'dro-blast) [G. chondros, cartilage, eidos, resemblance.] x. Resembling cartilage.
+ blasios, germ.] A cell of the primitive cartilage V. Cartilaginous.
tissue in the embryo. chondroitic acid (kon-dro-it'ik). substance A
chondrocaxcinozna (kon"dro-kar-se-no'mah). A car- existing in combination with a protein in chon-
cinoma containing cartilaginous tissue. dromucoid.
ichondroclast (kon'dro-klast) [chondros, cartilage, + chondrology (kon-drol'o-jl) [G. chondros, cartilage
klasios, broken in pieces.] A cell concerned in -f- -logia.} Science in relation to cartilage and
the absorption of cartilage. the cartilages.
chondroconia (kon-dro-ko'ni-ah) [G. chondros, carti- chondroma, pi. chondro^maia (kon-dro'mah) [G.
lage, -f- konis, dust.] Schridde granules, mito- chondros, cartilage, -I- -oma.] A tumor formed of
chondria (3), reddish granules occurring in myelo- one of the varieties of cartilage; enchondroma.
cytes, said to differ from the granules of lympho- c. sarcomato'sum, chondrosarcoma.
cytes and large uninuclear leucocytes. chondromalacia (kon-dro-mal-a'sl-ah) [G. chondros,
chondrocostal (kon-dro-kos'tal) [G. chondros, car- cartilage, -I- malakia, softness.] Softening of
tilage + L. casta, rib.] Relating to the costal any cartilage, u. feta'lis, an intrauterine form
cartilages. of chondrodystrophy in which the fetus is bom
chondrocranium (kon-dro-kra'ni-um) [G. chondros, dead with soft pliable limbs.
cartilage, + kranion, skull.] A cartilaginous chondromatous (kon-dro'ma-tus) Relating to a
skull; the embryonic skull before ossification. chondroma or cartilage tumor.
chondrocyte (kon'dro-sit) [G. chondros, cartilage, + chondromitome (kon-drom'I-tom) [G. chondros, carti-
kylos, cell.] A cartilage cell. lage, -I- mitos, thread.] Paranucleus.
chondrodendron (kon-dro-den'dron) [G. chondros, chondromucoid (kon-dro-mu'koyd) [G. chondros,
cartilage, -I- dendron, tree.] A genus of South cartilage, + L. mucus + G. eidos, resemblance.]
American trees, of which the species C. iomento'- A
substance in cartilaginous tissue consisting
sum. furnishes pareira. of a compound of chondroitic acid with an albu-
chondrodynia (kon-dro-din'I-ah) [G. chondros, car- minate.
tilage., 4- odyne, pain.j Chondralgia, pain in or chondromyoma (kon-dro-mi-o'mah). A mixed tu-
around a cartilage. mor with elements of chondroma and myoma.
cliondrodysplasia (kon"-dro-dis-pla'z![-ah) [G. chon- chondromyzoma (kon-dro-miks-o'mah). A mixed
dros, cartilage, + dys, bad, -I- plasis, a mould- tumor containing elements of chondroma and
ing.] Chondralloplasia. myxoma.
chondrodystrophia (kon-dro-dis-tro'fl-ah) [G. chon- chondropharyngeus (kon-dro-far-in-je'us) [G. chon-
dros, cartilage, + dys-, bad, -I- trophe, nourish- dros, cartilage, pharynx.'\
-t- See musculus
ment] Chondrodystrophy, achondroplasia.* chondropharyngeus,
chondrodystrophy (kon-dro-dis'tro-fe) [G. chondros, chondrophyte (kon'dro-fit) [G. chondros cartilage,
cartilage, -I- dys-,AiSicvi\X,+ ;ro/>Ae, nourishment.] -t- phyton, a growth.] A growth springing from
Achondroplasia, it disturbance in the normal articular cartilage.
process of ossification in cartilage, dating from chondroplast (kon'dro-plast) [G. chondros, cartilage,
intrauterine resulting in arrested growth of
life,
-I- plastos, formed.] Chondroblast.
the long bones and a condition of stocky dwarf- chondroporosis (kon-dro-po-ro'sis) [G. chondros,
ism the head
; is large, the nates and abdomen are cartilage, +
poros, a passage.] porous con- A
prominent, the fingers are divergent (see cut dition of cartilage, either normal (in the process of
under trident* hand), and the extremities are ossification) or pathological.
disproportionately short in comparison with the chondroprotein (kon-dro-pro'te-in). A protein oc-
torso, hypeiplas'tic c, a form in which there is curring normally in cartilage, such as chondro-
an extreme outgrowth of the epiphyses with mucoid, chondrogen, etc.
corresponding distortion of the joints, hypo- chondrosarcoma (kon-dro-sar-ko'mah), pi. chon-
plas'tic c, a form in which the shafts of the long
bones are composed of spongy bone with irregular
drosarco'mata. chondrosarco'mas. A mixed chon-
droma and sarcoma; a cartilaginous tumor
Haversian systems, the marrow cavity is not in containing many imperfectly differentiated,
CHONDROS ARCOM A 197 CHORIOID

vegetative, or embryonic cells; chondroma chordoma (kor-do'mah), pi. chordo'mata, chordo'mas

sarcomatosum. [(noio)chord +
-oma.] A
small tumor situated at
chondrosis (kon-dro'sis). The formation of cartil- the spheno-occipital sjmchondrosis or, rarely,
age. at one of the intervertebral discs, composed of
chondiosome (kon'dro-som) [G. chondros, cartilage, notochordal tissue.
+ soma, body.] A readily stainable cell granule chordoskeleton (kor-do-skel'e-ton). The part of
which tends to form fibrillse; mitochondria (i). the skeleton in the embryo, in relation with the
chondrostemal (kon-dro-ster'nal). Relating to a notochord.
sternal cartilage, chondroxiphoid; relating to the chorea (ko-re'ah) [G. choreia, a, choral dance.]
costal cartilages and the sternum. A disorder, usually of childhood, characterized
chondrotome (kon'dro-tom) [G. chondros, cartilage, by 'irregular, spasmodic, involuntary movements
+ tome, cutting.] Cartilage knife; a very strong of the limbs or facial muscles when used without
;

scalpel-shaped knife, used in cutting cartilage. qualification the term usually refers to Syden-
chondrotoxny (kon-drot'o-mi) [G. chondros, cartilage, ham's c, orSt.Vitus's dance, button-maker's c,
+ tome, a cutting.] i. The branch of anatomy ataxic movements of the hand and arm, a pro-
treating of the cartilages. 2 Division of a oartilage-
. fessional neurosis in button makers, c. festi'-
chondroxiphoid (kon-dro-zi'foyd). Relating to the nans [L. festinare, to hasten], procursive u. c.
xiphoid or ensiform cartilage. insa'niens, a severe form of c. marked by the
chondrus (kon'drus) [G. chondros, gristle.] i. occurrence of delirium, chiefly at night, c.
Cartilage. ^. A
genus of seaweeds. 3. (U.S.) ma'jor, a spasmodic attack occurring in major
Irish moss, carrageen, pig-wrack, pearl moss the ; hysteria, dan'cing c, (i) procursive c. ;(2)
plant Chondrus crispus or Fucus crispus; demul- choreomania. elec'tric c, (1) Dubini's disease,
cent, in chronic respiratory and intestinal affec- a progressively fatal spasmodic disorder, possibly
tions, in doses of 3 1-2 (30.0—60.0) of an infusion of malarial origin, occurring chiefly in Italy; (2)
of 5^1 to the pint. Bergeron's chorea, electrolepsy, a disorder of
Chopart's amputa'tion (sho-par') [Franjois Chopart, benign course, marked by the sudden appearance
Paris surgeon, 1743-1795.] Disarticulation at of rhythmical spasms without obvious cause; (3)
the midtarsal joint, leaving only the astragalus a severe fonn of Sydenham's c, in which the
and calcaneum, with the soft parts of the sole of spasms are rapid and of a specially jerky charac-
the foot to cover the stump ; see cut under ampu- ter, epidem'ic c, choreomania. habit c, tic, the
tation. C.'s joint, articulatio tarsi transversa frequent involuntary repetition of the same
[BNA], the midtarsal joint between the astraga- movement, hered'itary c, Huntington's c,
lus and calcaneum on one side and the cuboid a chronic disorder, beginning usually between
and navicular bones on the other. the ages of 30 and 50 years, characterized by
chord. See cord. choreic movements in the face and extremities
chorda, pi. chor'dce (kor'da) [L. a string, cord.] i. accompanied by a gradual loss of the mental
A tendon, z. A
tendinous or string-like struc- faculties ending in dementia; it is hereditary
ture, c. dorsa'lis, (i) the notochord; (2) the and is due to chronic meningitis with degen-
spinal cord. Cv mag'na, tendo Achillis, tendo* eration in the cortical cells of the brain, mani'-
calcaneus, t. obli'qua [BNA], oblique cord, acal c, c. insaniens. laryn'geal c, a spasmodic
oblique or round ligament of the elbow- joint, a tic involving the muscles, resulting in an ex-
slender band extending from the outer part of the plosive manner of talking, psiralyt'ic c, a
coronoid process of the ulna downward and out- form, in which there is weakness or paresis of
ward to the radius immediately below the one side of the body, or perhaps of one arm only,
bicipital tuberosity, t. spennat'ica, spermatic with slight jerking movements, post-hemiple'gic
cord, funiculus* spermaticus. c. spina'Iis, spinal c, athetosis, procur'sive c, a form in which
cord, medulla* spinalis [BNA]. c. tendin'ea, pi. the child whirls around, runs forward, or exercises
chor'dce tendin'ea one of several fine tendinous a sort of rhythmical dancing movement, se'nile
cords stretching between the walls of the ventri- c, a disorder resembling Sydenham's c, not
cles, often from the apices of the papillary muscles,
associated with rheumatism or cardiac disease,
and the ventricular surfaces of the cusps of the occurring in the aged.
auriculoventricular valves, c. transver'sa, i;. choreal (ko-re'al). Relating to chorea.
obliqua. c. tym'pani, cord of the tympanum,
choreic (ko-re'ik). Relating to or of the nature of
c. umbilica'lis, umbilical cord.
chorea.
see imder nervus.
c. vertebra'lis, notochord. c. voca'lis, pi. chor'dte choreiform (ko-rel-form) [L. forma, form.] Resem-
vocal cord, plica* vocalis. c. 'Willis'ii, bling chorea, choreoid.
voca'les,
choreoathetoid (ko"re-o-ath'e-toyd). Pertaining
Willis's* cord.
Relating to any chorda or cord, to, of the nature of, or resembling both chorea
chordal (kor'dal).
especially to the notochord.
and athetosis.
choreoid (ko're-oyd) resemblance.]!
chordee (kor-de') [Fr. corded.] A painful erection
[G. eidos,
Choreiform, resembling chorea.
of the penis in gonorrhea, the member being
choreomania (ko-re-o-ma'nU-ah). Epidemic chorea,
curved through lack of distensibility of the corpus
choronaania, the dancing mania of the middle ages.
cavemosum urethrse.
+ choriocapillaris (ko"ri-o-kap-I-la'ris). The middle
chorditis (kor-di'(de')tis) [G. chorde, cord, -itis.]
layer of the chorioid coat of the eye, lamina*
Inflammation of a cord, usually a vocal cord,
choriocapillaris.
sometimes a spermatic cord. t. nodo'sa, 0.
choriocarcinoma (ko"ri-o-kar-s![-no'mah). Chori-
tuberosa. c. tubero'sa, singer's nodes, vocal
nodules, trachoma of the vocal bands; a condi-
oma malignum.
tion marked by the formation of one
or more choriocele (ko'ri-o-sel) [G. kele, hernia.] A
bulging
voca'lis, of the chorioid coat of the eye through a defect in
nodules on one or both vocal cords, c.
the sclera.
inflammation of the vocal cords, c. voca'Us infe'-
an mflamma- De-
chorioepithelioma (ko"re-o-ep-l-the-U-o'mah).
rior, chronic subglottic laryngitis,
of the ciduoma malignum, chorioma* malignum.
tion limited mainly to the under surface
chorioid (ko-ri-oyd). Choroid. 1. Resembling
vocal cords and adjacent parts.
 .;

Chorioid 198 CHROMAFFINOPATHY

chorioretinitis (ko-ri-o-ret-in-i'(e')tis). Inflamma-

the chorion, the corium, or any membrane, a.
tion of the chorioid and retina, retinochorioiditis.
The middle coat of the eyeball, chorioidea.
Chorioid is the correct form, but choroid is in choripetalous (ko-rl-pet'al-us) [G. choris, asunder, -f
petalon, petal.] Polypetaloiis.
more common use. c. plex'us, a vascular fringe
or infolding of the metatela in one of the ventricles choriphyllous (ko-ri-fil'us) [G. choris, asunder, -t-
of the brain; there are four pairs of chorioid phyllon, leaf,] Polyphyllous.
plexuses: of the third ventricle (diap'lexus), of chorisepalous (ko-rl-sep'al-us) [G. choris, asunder, -f-
L. sepalum, sepal.] Polysepalous.
the fourth ventricle (metafilexus), and of the
chorisis (ko'ri-sis) [G. a separation.] In botany, the
lateral ventricles (paraplexas).
chorioidea (ko-re-o-id'e-ah) [L. chorioideus (from development of two or more stamens or other
G, chorioeides, skin-like), sc. tunica, coat.] Cho- parts where there is normally but one.
rioid, choroid, the middle, vascular tunic of the chorista (ko-ris'tah) [G. choristos, separated.] An
eye lying between the retina and the sclera ex- error of development marked by separation or
tending as far forward as the ora serrata of the misplacement of anlage.
former. choristoblastoma (ko-ris-to-blas-to'mah) [choristoma
chorioiditis (ko-re-oy-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of + blastoma.] An autonomous neoplastic growth
the vascular tunic of the eye or chorioid mem- starting from a choristoma.
brane, sire'olar c, a form in which the inflamma- choristoma (ko-ris-to'mah) [G. choristos, separated,
tion spreads concentrically from the region of the -f- -oma.] A neoplasm due to hyperplasia of an
'

macula lutea. cen'tral c, inflammation of the aberrant anlage or primordium.

choroid (ko'royd) Chorioid, c. plex'us, chorioid*
i;.with exudation limited chiefly to the macula. ,

u. gutta'ta, Tay's disease, the occurrence of plexus,

yellowish spots of irregular outline surrounding choroidal (ko-roy'dal), Chorioid, relating to the .

the macula lutea; called also c. gutta'ta seni'lis. chorioid, or choroid, coat of the eye. c. fis'sure,

c. sero'sa, glaucoma, diffuse' c, disseminated a cleft in the secondary optic vesicle in the
c. dissem'inated c, inflammation of the chorioid embryo
in which there are numerous spots of exudation choroideremia (ko-roy-der-e'ml-ah) [choroidicho-
scattered over the fundus, myop'ic c, chronic rioid) + G. eremia, absence.] Absence of the
inflammation of the sclerotic and chorioid with chorioid coat of the eye.
posterior staphyloma, caused by eyestrain due to choroiditis (ko-roy-di'(de')tis). Chorioiditis.
the uncorrected myopia. choroidoretinitis (ko-roy"do-ret-in-i'(e')tis). Chorio-
chorioidocyclitis (ko-ri-oy"do-si-kli'(kle')tis). In- retinitis.
fiammation of the chorioid coat and the ciliary chorology (ko-rol'o-jl) [G. choros, place, cotmtry, +
body. -logia.] The branch of science which treats of
chorioidoiritis (ko-ri-oy"do-i-ri'(re')tis). Inflamma- the geographical and topographical distribution
tion of the chorioid coat and the iris. of plants and animals.
chorioidoretinitis (ko-re-oy"do-ret-in-i'(e')tis). Ret- choromania (ko-ro-ma'nJ-ah) [G choros, dance, +
inochorioiditis, chorioretinitis.* mania, frenzy,] Choreomania, dancing mania.
chorioma, pi. chono'mata (ko-re-o'mah). Deciduo- Christian Science (kris'chun si'ens). A religious
ma, syncytioma; a tumor of the chorion, c. sect, the members of which regard disease as a
benig'num, benign c, fibroma chorii, myxoma product of erroneous thought or belief and cur-
chorii, mole, i;, malig'num, deciduoma raalig- able by establishing a mental conviction of
num, syncytioma malignum, chorioepithelioma its non-material nature; Eddyism.
a tumor, formed of cells from the syncjrtium and Chris'tison's for'mula [Sir Robert Christison, Scotch
'

chorion, developed at the site of the placenta in physician, 1797-1882.] To know the amount of
the pregnant or puerperal uterus, occurring solids per 1000 parts of urine, multiply the last
most frequently after abortion. two figures of the specific gravity by 2.33; same
chorion (ko'rt-on) [G. chorion, a skin.] The outer- as Haeser's formula.
most of the fetal envelopes derived from the ovum. chro'atol. Terpin iodohydrate, Ci„H„(HI)j; occurs
c. frondo'sum [leafy c], the part of the chorion in greenish yellow crystalline masses; employed
where the villi persist, forming the fetal part of externally, in powder or ointment, in the treat-
the placenta, c. lae've [smooth c], the portion of ment of psoriasis.
the c. from which the villi have disappeared. chromaffin (kro'maf-in) \chrom{ic salts) + L.
prlm'itive c, the zona pellucida in the stage of ajfinis, akin.] Giving a brownish yellow reaction
developing villi, shagg'y c, w. frondosum. with chromic salts; noting certain cells in the
smooth c, c. lasve. medulla of the adrenal bodies, c. bod'ies, para-
choTionepithelioma (ko"ri-on-ep-lI-the-li-o'mah) ganglia, small, independent, encapsulated collec-
Chorioma malignum. tions of c. tissue, c, cells, homogeneous pigment
chorionic (ko-ri-on'ik). Relating to the chorion. cells, of sympathetic histogenesis, staining a yel-
c. vil'li, vascular projections from the chorion low or yellowish brown in the presence of chromic
formed by the indentation of the trophoblast by salts they occur in larger or smaller groups along
;

buds from the mesoderm. the sympathetic nerves, in various organs (in the
chorionin (ko'ii-on-in). An organic extract from form of paraganglia), and in the adrenal medulla.
the placenta of the sheep, having alleged galacto- c. hor'mone, epinephrine, adrenaline, c. tls'-
gogue properties. sue, a cellular tissue, vascular and well supplied
chorionitis (ko-rl-on-i'(e')tis) [G. chorion, corium, with nerves, made up chiefly of c. cells; it is
after-birth, -t- -itis.l i. Inflammation of the found abundantly in the medulla of the adrenals
corium or true skin. 2. Inflammation of the and, in smaller collections (c. bodies, paragan-
chorion, placentitis. glia), in the carotic and coccygeal glands and
Chorioptes (ko-ri-op'tSz) [G. chorion, membrane, -H elsewhere,
optikos, optic] A genus of mites, t. bo'vis, a chromaffinopathy (kro"maf-in-op'&-thi) [chromaffin
species causing mange in cattle. + G. pathos, suflfering.] Any morbid process
chorioretinal (ko-ri-o-ret'in-al). Relating to the affecting chromaffin tissue in the adrenals or
chorioid coat of the eye and the retina. elsewhere.
 ;

CHROMATE 199 CHROMOGEN

chio'mate. A
salt of chromic acid. f chromato'sis [G. chroma, color.] 1. Chromatoder-
chiomatelopsia (kro"inat-S-lop'sl-ah) [G. chroma, matosis. 2. Pigmentation.

color, + ateles, incomplete, +

opsis, vision.] A chromaturia (kro-mS, tu'rl-ah) [G. chroma{chrdmai-)
more or less pronounced degree of color-blindness color, -I- ouron, urine,] Abnormal coloration of
chroma todysopia. the urine.
chromat'ic [G. chromatikos.] Relating to color. chrome-red. Basic lead chromate, PbCrO^.PbO.
chromatin (kro'mS-tin) [G. chroma, color.] The chromesthesia, chromassthesia (kro-mes-the'zi-ah)
portion of the nucleus of a cell which is readily [G. chroma, color, + aisthesis, sensation.] i. The

stained by dyes; distinguished from the non- color sense. 2. A

condition in which another
stainable portion, 'or achromatin. distrib'uted or sensation, such as taste or smell, is excited by the
extranu'clear c, chromidia. perception of color.
chromatinolysis (kro-mS-tin-ol'i-sis) [G. lysis, solu- chrome-yel'low. Lead chromate, PbCrO,.
tion.] Chromatolysis (1). chromhidro'sis. Chromidrosis.
chromatinorrhexis (kro"mS-tin-or-rek'sis) [G. rhexis, chro'mic acid. Chromii* trioxidum.
rupture.] Fragmentation of the chromatin. chro'micize. To mix with a chromium salt.
chromatisiu (kro'm3.-tizm) [G. chroma, color.] 1. chromid'ia [G. chroma, color.] Chromatin masses
Abnormal pigmentation. ^. Chromatic aberra- outside of the nucleus, found in certain forms of
tion. protozoa; especially trophochromidia, or non-
chro'matize. To mix with a chromate. germinal chromatin, as distinguished from idio'
chromatocinesis, chromatokinesis (kro"ma.-to-sin- chromidia.
(kin)-e'sis) [G. kinesis, movement.] Rearrange- chromid'ial. Relating to chromidia. >,. appara'tus,
ment of the chromatin into various forms. the aggregate of extranuclear network, irregular
clu:o"matodennato'sis [G. chroma, color, -I- derma, strands, and masses of chromatin-staining ma-
skin.] A disease of the skin accompanied by terial permeating the protoplasm of the cell.
pigmentation. c. net, a reticulum of chromatin-staining material
chromatodysopia (kro"ma-to-dis-o'pl[-ah) [G. chroma, in the protoplasm.
color, -I- dys-, bad, -I- ops, eye.] Chromatelopsia. cbromidiation (kro-mid-I-a'shun). Chromidiosis.
chromatogenous (kro-m^-toj'en-us) [G. chroma, chromidio'sis [chromidium + -05*5.] An outpouring
color, + gennao, I produce.] Producing color, of nuclear substance and chromatin into the cell
causing pigmentation. protoplasm.
chromatolysis (kro-m4-tol'i-sis) [chromatin + G. chromidium (kro-mid'I-um) [G. chroma, color, -I-
lysis, solution.] 1 Destruction of the chromatin,
. -idion, a diminutive termination.] i. The cen-

or at least loss of its aifinity for the basic dyes, in tral chromatic structure of the blood-platelet.
cloudy swelling and other forms of cellular de- :£. See the plural, chromidia.

generation; caryolysis, nuclear solution, hypo- chromidrosis (kro-mi-dro'sis) [G. chroma, color, -|-
chromatosis. .1. Lysis of the body of a bacterial hidros, sweat.] The excretion of sweat con-
or other cell, leaving the empty cell membrane. taining pigment.
chro'matolysm. Atrophy or shrinkage of Niessl's chromiole (kro'ml-ol). One of a number of minute
chromatophiles occurring in old age. granules of chromatin contained within, and with
chromatolyt'ic. Relating to chromatolysis. the homogeneous chromoplasm constituting the
chromatom'eter [G. chroma, color, + metron, meas- chromosome.
ure.] A scale of various shades of color, used for chromium (kro'nrt-um) [G. chroma, color, because all
determining the color or depth of color of a liquid its compounds are colored.] A metallic element,
or other substance. sjTnbol Cr, atomic weight, 52, very hard, steel-
chromatop'athy [G. chroma, color, + pathos, suffer- gray in chro'miitriox'idum(U. S.), acidum
color.
ing.] Chromatodermatosis. chromicum CrOa chromic acid; occurs as
(Br.),
chromatophagous (kro-mS-tof'a-gus) [G. chroma, small deliquescentneedle-shaped or prismatic
color, + phago, I eat.] Removing pigment, not- crystals, employed as a caustic in the removal of
ing certain microorganisms which cause a loss of warts and other small growths from the skin and
pigment. genitals, in a'solution of gr. 100 to the ounce of
chromat'ophil, chromat'ophile, chromatophil'ic, water. The hydrated acid, H^CrO^, forms vari-
chromatoph'Uous. Same as chromophil, etc. ously colored salts with potassium, lead, and
'

cIiro"matophil'ia. Chromophilia. other bases.

chromatopho'bia [G. chroma, color, + phobos, fear.] chromocystoscopy (kro-mo-sis-tos'ko-pl) [G. chroma,
Chromophobia. color, -I- kystis, bladder, + skoped, I view.] In-
chromatophore (kro'mJ-to-for) [G.chroma (chromat-), spection of the ureteral orifices in the bladder after
color, -1- phoreo, I carry.] i. A colored plastid, the giving of methylene blue or other aniline dye
due to the presence of chlorophyl, found in certain by the mouth, in order to determine the functional
forms of protozoa. 2. A pigment-bearing cell activity of the kidneys.
found chiefly in the skin, mucous membrane, and chromocyte (kro'mo-sit) [G. chroma, color, -^ kytos,
chorioid coat of the eye, and also in melanomas. cell.] Any pigmented cell, such as a red blood-
chromatophoroma, pi. chromatophoro'mata (kro- corpuscle. .
mat-o-for-o'mah) [chromatophore + G. -oma.] chromocytometer (kro-mo-si-tom'e-ter) [G. chroma,
A circumscribed overgrowth of the pigment- color, + kytos, cell, + metron, measure.] form A
hemoglobinometer.
bearing cells of the skin or chorioid coat of the of

eye melanoma.
;
chromogen (kro'mo-jen) [G. chroma, color, -|- gen-

chromatopsia (kro-ma-top'sJ-ah) [G. chroma, color, nao, I produce.] i. A substance,

without itself

Colored vision, a condition in definite color, which may be transformed into'

-I- opsis, vision.]
a pigment; noting especially benzene and its
which all objects appear abnormally colored.
chromatoptometry (kro-mat-op-tom'e-tri) [G. chro- homologues, toluene or toluol, xylene or xylol,
ma(,chromat-), color, + optikos, referring to vision, quinone, naphthalene, and anthracene, from
Measurement of the degree which the aniline dyes are manufactured. 2. A
+ metron, measure.]
microorganism which produces color.
of color perception.
 ; i

CHROMOGENESIS CHURCHILL'S IODINE CAUSTIC

chromogen'esis [G. chroma, color, + genesis.] The cells instead of being divided among the two.
production of coloring matter or pigment. biv'alent c, a pair of chromosomes (paternal and
chromogen'ic. i. Relating to chromogen. a. Pro- maternal) temporarily united, heterotrop'ic c,
ducing pigment, noting certain bacteria. accessory o. m-c, one of a pair of small chromo-
chromol'ysis. Chromatolysis. somes which remain distinct during the periods
chromomere (kro'mo-mer) [G. chroma, color, + of synapsis and growth, conjugating only in
meros part.] i. A minute granule of chromatin the final prophases of the first spermatocyte
or nuclein, the aggregate of a number of which division, odd c, accessory c. reduc'tion of
constitutes the chromosome. 2. One of the seg- the chro'mosomes, a process occurring in gam-
ments into which the chromosome is divided by etogenetic mitosis, or division of the sexual cell
slight constrictions. formed by the conjugation of the ovum and
chromom'eter. Chromatometer. spermatozoon, whereby the number of chromo-
chromopar'ic [G. chroma, color, + L. parere, to somes in each of the conjugating cells is reduced
bring forth.] Chromogenic. one-half in order to preserve the number charac-
chromopathy (kro-mop'il-thi). Chromatopathy. teristic of the species in the impregnated ovum;
chromophag, chromophage (kro'mo-fag, kro'mo-faj) a similar reduction is said to occur in the somatic
[G. chroma, color, + phago, I eat.] A phagocyte cells in malignant tumors, and also elsewhere
which destroys pigment; term applied by Metch- under circumstances not yet understood, sex
nikoff to the cells believed by him to be active in c, accessory c, so-called because it is assumed
the blanching of the hair. to determine the sex of the individual, small
chro'mophan [G. chroma, color, + phaino, I appear ] c, m-o.
Retinal pigment. chromother'apy [G. chroma, color, 4- therapeia, treat-
chromophil, chromophile (kro'mo-fil, kro'mo-fil) ment.] Treatment of disease by colored light.
[G. chroma, color, + phileo, I love.] a. Chromo- chromotox'ic. Caused by a toxic action on the
philic. 2. Acell or any histological element hemoglobin, as in chromotoxic hyperchromenia.*
which stains readily. 3. Chromaffin. chron'ic [G. chronos, time.] Of long duration,
chromophil'ic, chromoph'ilous. Staining readily, noting a disease of slow progress and long con-
noting certain cells and histological structures. tinuance.
chro'mophobe, chromopho'bic [G. chroma, color, + chronicity (kron-is'I-tl). The state of being chronic.
phobos, fear.] Resistant to stains, staining with chronograph (kron'o-graf) [G. chronos, time, -I-
difficulty or not at all; noting certain cells or grapho, I record.] An instrument for measuring
tissues. and recording brief periods of time.
chromopho'bia. i. Resistance to stains on the chronotrop'ic. Relating to chronotropism.
part of cells and tissues, chromatophobia. -:. A chronotropism (kron-ot'ro-pizm) [G. chronos, time,
morbid dislike of colors. + trope, a change, turn.] Modification of the
chromophore (kro'mo-for) [G. chroma, color, + rapidity of a periodical movement, such as the
phoros, bearing.] i. Chromatophore. 2. Color- cardiac pulsation, effected by some external
radical, the substance in an aniline dye upon which influence. neg'ative c, retardation of the
its color depends. movement, pos'itive c, acceleration of the
chromophor'ic, chromoph'orous. i. Relating to a movement.
chromophore. 2. Producing or carrying color, chrysaTobinum, chrysarobin (kris-ar"o-be'num,
noting certain microorganisms. kris-ar'o-bin) [G. chrysos, gold, -1- Brazil Ind.
chromophose (kro'mo-foz) [G. chroma, color, + araroba, bark.] (U.S. and Br.) A neutral
phos, light.] A subjective sensation of a spot or principle extracted from Goa powder, an orange-
patch of color in the eye. yellow, finely crystalline powder; employed lo-
chromophyto'sis [G. chroma, color, -t- phyton, plant.] cally in ringworm and psoriasis, and occasionally
Tinea versicolor. internally as an alterative in doses of gr. |—
chro'moplasm [G. chroma, color, + plasma, plasm.] (0.008—0. 06).
A homogeneous substance containing the chromi- chrysitis (kris-i'tis) [G. chrysos, gold.] Gold or red
oles, and with them constituting the chromosome litharge; plumbi oxidum when of a decidedly red
chromatin. color; see argyritis.
chromoplas'tid. i. A
pigmented plastid, contain- Chrysoflagell'ida [G. chrysos, golden.] An order of
ing chlorophyl, formed in certain protozoans. -.£, the Phytoflagellata, marked by yellow chromato-
A colored plastid in plant cells, containing some phores.
other pigment than chlorophyl. chrysoidin (kris-oy'din). Diamidoazobenzene hy-
chromoprotein (kro-mo-pro'te-in). One of a group drochloride, a reddish brown, crystalline powder
of conjugated proteins, consisting of a combination made from aniline; a yellow dye and a non-toxic
of pigment with a simple protein; hemoglobin is disinfectant.
one such compound. chiysophan'ic acid [G. chrysophanes, shining like
chromoptom'etry. Chromatoptometry. gold.] Rheic acid, tasteless golden yellow crys-
chromorrhinoirhea (kro"mo-ri"n6-re'ah) [G. chroma, tals formed in rhubarb and chrysarobin, being
color, + rhis (rhin-), nose, + rhoia, a flow.] thought formerly to be identical with the latter;
The discharge of a colored fluid from the its therapeutic properties are similar to those of
nares. chrysarobin.
chro'moscope [G. chroma, color, -t- skopeo, I view.] chrysotox'in [G. chrysos, gold, + toxikon, poison.]
An apparatus for testing the color sense. An odorless and tasteless principle, CjjHjjNjOu,
chromosome (kro'mo-some) [G. chroma, color, + obtained from ergot.
soma, body.] A rod-shaped or thread-like body chthonophagla, chthonophagy (thon-o-fa'gl-ahj
of chromatin in the cell nucleus, which splits thon-of'a-jl) [G. chthon, earth, + phago, I eat.]
longitudinally as the cell divides, one half going Dirt eating; geophagy.
to the nucleus of each of the daughter cells, ac- Church'ill's i'odine caus'tic. Liquor iodi causticus
cess'ory c, monosome, an unpaired allosome, a (N.F.), a very strong counterirritant or caustic
chromosome which, in the last stage of spermato- made by dissolving iodine 25, and potassitmi
genesis, goes over whole into one of the daughter iodide 50, in distilled water 100. C.'s tinc'ture of
 .

CHURCHILL'S IODINE CAUSTIC CILIOSCLERAL

i'odine, tinctura iodi, Churchill (N.F.), iodine chymosinogen (ki-mo-sin'o-jen). The zymogen of
16.5, potassium iodide 3.3, distilled water 2.5, rennin or rennet.
alcohol to make 100. chymous Relating to chyme.
(ki'mus).
Chvostek's symp'tom (khvosh'tek) [Franz Chvostek. C.I. Abbreviation of color-index.
Austrian military surgeon, 1835-1884.] Facial Ciaccio's glands (chyah'chyo) [Giuseppe Vincenzo
irritability in postoperative tetany, unilateral Ci*ccio, Italian anatomist, 1824— 1901.] Glandu-
spasm being excited by a slight tap. lae lacrimales accessoriee.
chylangioma (ki-lan-jl-o'mah) [G. chylos, juice, + Cicccio's meth'od (chyah'chyo) [Carmelo Ciaccio,
angeion, vessel, + -dmal\ A tiunor formed of Italian pathologist.] A method of demonstrating
dilated lacteals. under the microscope the invisible intracellular
chyle (kil) [G. chylos, juice.] A creamy fluid taken lipoids by fixation with acid chromate solutions
up by the lactealsfrom the intestine during and staining in sections with Sudan III.
digestion it is alkaline in reaction and coagulates, Ciaglinski's tract (chyahl-yin'ski). A tract of
outside the body, into fibrin and serum it is con- ;
sensory fibers in the posterior gray commissure
veyed by the thoracic duct to the left subclavian of the spinal cord.
vein where it becomes mixed with the blood. cibopho'bia [L. cibus, food, -I- G. phobos, fear.]
Sitophobia
chylema (ki-le'mah) [G. chylos, juice.] Butschli's
cicatrice (sik'S-tris) Cicatrix.
name for the minute droplets of liquid which he
cicatricial (sik-&-trish'al). Relating to a cicatrix.
regarded as the essential elements of protoplasm.
cicatrisot'omy [L. cicatrix, scar, -I- G. tome, cutting.]
chylemia, chylsemia (ki-le'ml-ah) [chylos, chyle, +
Uletomy.
haima, blood.] The presence of chyle in the pe-
cicatrix, pi. cicatri'ces (sl-ka'triks) [L.] Scar; the
ripheral circulation.
fibrous tissue replacing the normal de-
tissues
chylidrosis (ki-li-dro'sis) [G. chylos, chyle, + hidros, stroyed by injury or disease, fil'tering t., a c.
sweat.] Sweating of a milky fluid like chyle. through which fluid may seep, although no visi-
chylifaction (ki-ll-fak'shun) [G. chylos, chyle, + ble openings are present; noting especially a form
L. facere, to make.] The production of chyle. of c. sometimes obtained after operation for glau-
chylifactive (ki-U-fak'tiv). Forming chyle, chylo- coma, through which there is a slight constant
poietic. drainage of aqueous humor u'loid c, see uloid (2)
chyliferous (ki-lif'er-us) [G. chylos, chile, -I- L. cicaf rizant. Causing or favoring cicatrization.
ferre, to carry.] Conveying chyle. cicatrization (si-kat-ri-za'shun). i. The process of
chylification (ki-ll-ii-ka'shun) [G. chylos, phyle, + soar formation. ^. The healing of a wound
L. facere,'to make.] Chylifaction, chylopoiesis. otherwise than by first intention.
chylocele (ki'lo-sel) [G. chylos, chyle, 4- kele, tumor.] cic'atrize. To heal, to be closed by scar-tissue,
An effusion of chyle into the tunica vaginalis said of a wound or tissue defect.
testis. cicinnus (si-sin'us) [G. kikinnos, curled hair.]
chylocyst (ki'lo-sist) [G. chylos, chyle, -1- kystis A scorpioid cyme.
bladder.] Receptaculum chyli, cistema* chyli. Cicu'ta. Agenus of umbelliferous plants, some-
chyloderma (ki-lo-der'ma) [G. chylos, chyle, + times confused with Conium. C. viro'sa, water-
derma, skin.] Lymph-scrotum. hemlock, a plant resembling hemlock, or conium,
chylopericarditis (ki-lo-per-I-kar-di'(de')tis). Chylo- in its properties.
pericardiiun. cic'utine. A volatile alkaloid, resembling or
chylopericardium (ki'lo-per-i-kar'd!-um). An ac- identical with coniine, present in water-hemlock,
ctimulation of a milky white fluid in the pericar- Cicuia virosa.
dial sac. cic'utism. Poisoning with water hemlock.
chyloperitoneum (ki-lo-per-l-to-ne'um). An accu- cicutox'in. An amorphous resinous substance
mulation of a milky fluid in the peritoneal cavity; obtained from the water-hemlock, Cicuta virosa.
chylous ascites. cil'ia. Plural of cilium.
chylophoric (ki-lo-for'ik) [G. chylos, chyle, -1- phoreo, ciliarot'omy. Surgical division of the zona ciliaris.
I carry.] Chyliferous, conveying chyle. cil'iaiy. Relating to (i) any cilia or hair-like
chylopleura (ki-lo-plu'rah). An accumulation of processes, (2) the eyelashes, (3) certain of the
a milky fluid in the pleural cavity. structures of the eyeball, c. ar'tery, one of a

chylopoiesis (ki-lo-poy-e'sis) [G- chylos, chyle, + number of minute arteries in the eye, see arteria
poiesis, a making] The formation of chyle in ciliaris. c. body, (i) the ciliary muscle and
the intestine and its absorption by the lacteals. ciliary processes taken together; (2) the dentate
chylopoietic (ki-lo-poy-et'ik). Relating to chylo- nucleus, c. canal', a space at the periphery of

poiesis, chyle-forming. the iris. c. gan'glion, a small nerve ganglion,

chylosis (ki-lo'sis). The formation of chyle from the size of a pinhead, on the outer side of the
the food in the intestine, absorption by the
its optic nerve in the posterior part of the orbit, c.

lacteals, and its mixture with the blood and glands, modified sweat glands of the eyelid, glands
conveyance to the tissues. of Moll. c. lig'ament, the circular fibers of the
c. muscle, ring muscle of MuUer. c. mar'gin,
chylothorax (ki-lo-tho'raks). Chylopleura.
chylous (ki'lus). Relating to chyle. margo ciliaris, (i) the circumference of the

chyluria (ki-lu'il-ah) [G. chylos, chyle, ouron, + iris where it is continuous with the c. body;
urine.] The passage of chyle, or a milky fluid (2) the tarsal border of an eyelid, c. muscle,
see under musculus. c. nerves, the long c. nerves
containing suspended fat globules, in the urine.
chyme (kim) [G. chymos, juice.] The semifluid are branches of the nasal, the short c. nerves arise
mass of partly digested food passed from the from the c. ganglion; see nervus. t. pro'cesses,
stomach into the duodenum. see under processus.
chyme-mass (kim'mas). Endoplasm. Cilia'ta. A
class of Infusoria in which cilia are
chymification, (ki-ml-fi-ka'shun) [G. chymos, chyme,
present in all stages of existence.
Chymopoiesis, formation cil'iated. Having cilia.
-t- L. facere, to make.]
cilioscle'ral. Relating to the ciliary body and the
of chyme, gastric digestion.
Rennet, rennin. sclera.
chjrmosjn {ki'mo-sin).
CILIOSPINAL CINERARIA MARITIMA

Relating to the ciliary anhydrous cinchona alkaloids, of which f must

ciliospinal (sil"I-o-spi'nal).
be soluble in ether quinine, quinidine, or cin-
(i.e.
body and the spinal cord, noting the c. center, in
chonidine). c. fla'va, yellow bark, the name in
the lower cervical and upper thoracic region of the
spinal cord which governs the dilatation of the the U.S.P of 1880 for what is now official as
simply cinchona, c. ru'bra (U.S ) red bark,
pupil.
cil'ium, pi. cilia [L. an eyelid.] i. Eyelash. 3. cinchona rubrae cortex (Br.), the dried bark of
One of the hair-like processes of certain cells. C. succirubra (more often probably C. robusta),
cillo'sis. Spasmodic twitching of an eyelid. yielding not less than 5 per cent, of anhydrous
cimTjia. A
slender band of white fibers crossing the cinchona alkaloids; this is the only official cin-
ventral surface of a cerebral peduncle- chona of the B.P. Cinchona is an antiperiodic
Ci'mex [L. bedbug.] ClinocoHs, a genus of insects, and bitter tonic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0) in
family Cimicida; bedbug. C. cilia'tus, a small decoction.
species indigenous in Russia. C. lectula'rius, cinchonamine (sin-ko'nS-men). An alkaloid, Ci,-
Acanlhia lectularia, the ordinary bedbug. C. HjjNjO, derived from cuprea bark, Remijia
macroceph'alus, C. rotundatus. C. rotunda'tus, purdicana, related to cinchona; antipyretic and
the Indian bedbug, of large size, found in antiperiodic in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5).
Mauritius, Reunion, India, Malay, and neigh- cinchonate (sin'ko-nat). A salt of cinchonic, or
boring parts of southern Asia. quinic, acid.
cimicifuga (U. S.), cimicif'ugse rhizo'ma (Br.) cinchonic (siu-kon'ik). Relating to cinchona c.

(sim-I-sif'u-gah) [L. cimex{cimic-), bedbug, + acid, quinoline-carbonic acid, CuH^NOj, obtained

jugare, to chase.] The dried rhizome and roots of from cinchonine by the action of oxidizing agents.
Cimicijuga racemosa, Acicea raceynosa, black cinchonicine (sin-kon'i-sen). An amorphous alka-
snakeroot, black cohosh, bugwort, an herb of loid, CijHjjNjO, from cinchona.
eastern and central United States and Canada; cinchonidina (sin-kon-I-di'(de')nah). Cinchonidine,
alterative, emmenagogue, antispasmodic, anti- cinchonidia; formula, CuHjjNjO, an isomer of
rheumatic in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). cinchonina an alkaloid obtained from the bark of
;

cimicifugin (sim-I-sif'u-jin). Macrotin, a yellowish several species of cinchona; indications the same
brown resinoid body, the active principle of cimi- as those of quinine, but it must be given in larger
cifuga; tonic and antispasmodic in doses of gr. doses, cinchonidi'nee hydrobro'midum, blennos-
1—6 (0.06-0.4). tasin. cinchonldi'n£B sul'phas, cinchonidine sul-
cin-, cine- [G. kinesis.} A
prefix denoting move- phate, occurs in white silky needles; antipyretic
ment also more commonly, though less properly,
;
and tonic in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0).
written kin-, kine~. cinchonina (sin-ko-ni'(ne')nah). Cinchonine, an
cina (si'nah). The homeopathic tincture from the alkaloid prepared from the bark of several species
dried flowers of wormseed, Artemisia santonica; of cinchona; formula, CijHjzNjO; tonic in doses
employed as an anthelmintic, and in other condi- of gr. 1—2 (0.06—0.13) and antiperiodic in doses
tions marked by itching of the nose or anus, night of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). cinchoni'nas hydrochlo'-
crying, and grinding of tha teeth during sleep, ridum, cinchonine hydrochloride, occurs in white
in doses of the ist, 6th, or 30th potency. acicular crystals, dose, gr. 2-10 (0.13-0.6). cin-
cinsesthe'sia. Cinesthesia. choni'nae iodosul'phas, cinchonine iodosulphate,
cinanesthesia, cinanssthesia (sin-an-es-the'zl-ah) antiseptol, an odorless brown powder used as a
[G. kinesis, motion, + an- priv. H- aisthesis, sen- substitute for iodoform, cinchoni'nas sul'phas
sation.] A
disturbance of deep sensibility in (U.S.), cinchonine sulphate, occurs in colorless
which there is inability to perceive either direction rhombic crystals dose and uses the same as those
;

or extent of movement, the result being ataxia. of cinchonina.

clnchamidine (sin-kam'K-den) Hydrocinchonidine,
. cinchonism (sin'kon-izm). Poisoning by cinchona
an alkaloid, CigHj^NgO, from cinchona. or its alkaloids, marked by tinnitus aurium head-
Cinchona (sin-ko'nah) [Countess of Chinchon who ache, and deafness.
was cured of a fever by Peruvian bark in 1638.] A cinchonize (sin'ko-niz). To bring profoundly under
genus of evergreen trees, fam. Rubiacecs, native the influence of cinchona or any of its alkaloids,
of South America but cultivated in various trop- especially quinine.
ical regions. The bark of all the species contains cinchonology (sin-kon^ol'o-jl). The branch of
quinine and other cinchona alkaloids in varying pharmacology which has to do with the botany,
amounts. (For the drug, see the following title, chemistry, pharmacy, and therapeutics of cin-
cinchona.) C. calisa'ya, yellow bark, one of the chona and its alkaloids.
official cinchonas of the U.S. P. C. mlcran'tha, a cinchophen (sin'ko-f en) . Atophan, acidum*
species yielding a fair amount of alkaloids but phenylcinchoninicum.
not now used to any extent. C. lancifo'lia, a cinchotannic acid (sin-ko-tan'ik). A tannic acid
species quite rich in alkaloids, but not recognized derivable from cinchona.
in the U.S.P. or B.P. C. ledgeria'na, a species, cinchotozin (sin-ko-tok'sin) A poisonous isomer
.

cultivated chiefly in Java, rich in alkaloids and of cinchonine.

official in the U.S.P. C. oflicina'Iis, the first dis- cinc'ture sensa'tion. Girdle sensation, zonesthesia.*
covered species, official in the U.S.P., but seldom cinematics (sin-e-mat'iks) [G. kinemaQtinemat-),
yielding the stipulated amount of alkaloids. C. motion.] The science of motion.
robus'ta, a hybrid between C. officinalis and C. cinematization (sin-e-mat-i-za'shun) [G. kinema,
succirubra, very rich in quinine and a common motion.] Cineplastics.
source of the red bark. C. succiru'bra, the source cin'ene. Dipentene.
of cinchona rubra (U.S ), the only official cinchona cln'eol [cina -t- L. oleum, oil.] Oil of wormseed.
in the B.P. cineplastics (sin-e-plas'tiks) [G. linedk, I move.]
cinchona (sin-ko'nah). i. Peruvian bark Jesuits' The art of forming a muscular stump, after
bark, the bark of any species of Cinchona (q.v.). amputation, so shaped as to be capable of im-
2. (U.S.) The dried bark of Cinchona calisaya, parting direct and voluntary motion to an arti-
C. ledgeriana, or C. officinalis, or hybrids of these ficial limb, cinematization, kineplasty.
with other species, yielding at least 5 per cent. Clnera'ria marit'ima. An herb, dusty miller, Sinecio
 5

CINERARIA MARITIMA 203 CINOPLASM

cineraria, the fresh juice of which has been credited upon which the motor activities of the animal
with the facility of causing the absorption of depend; division center.
soft capsular cataract. cinetoplasm, cinetoplasma (sin-et'o-plazm, sin-et-o-
cinerea (sin-e're-ah) [L. cinereus, ashy.] i. The gray plaz'mah) [G. kinetes, an originator, mover, -1-
matter of the brain and other parts of the nerv- plasma, a thing formed.] The chromophile sub-
ous system. 2. A
gray layer between the ectoglia stance, or tigroid masses, in the nerve-cells, so
and the ependjTna layer in the beginning strati- called because it is present only when the cells
fication of the medullary tube in the embryo from ; begin to perform their proper function.
it chiefly are developed the brain and spinal cord. cin'gule, Cingulum the fifth cusp of an upper molar
;

cine'real. Relating to the gray matter of the tooth; a small tubercle of the lingual surf ace of a
nervous system. tooth.
cineritious (sin-er-ish'us).Ashen, noting the gray cin'gulum, gen. cin'guU, pi. cin'gula [L. girdle.]
matter of the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia, c. [BNA]. I. Awell marked band of association
tutercle, (i) tuber cinereum; (2) tuberctdumcin- fibers in the medial portion of the centrum ovale
eretim. of each hemisphere, passing from near the region
cinesalgia (sin-es-al'ji-ah) [G, kinesis, motion, + of the anterior perforated substance backward
algos, pain.] Pain caused by muscular movement. over the upper surface of the corpus callosum
cinesia (sin-e'sl-ah) [G. kinesis, movement.] The in the medullary substance of the gyrus cinguli
symptom-complex caused by unwonted motion; (callosal gyrus) some fibers then passing to the
,

seasickness, car-sickness, swing-sickness, etc. cuneus of the- occipital lobe, others running
cinesiatrics (sin-e-sJ-at'riks [G. kinesis, movement, forward around the splenium as far as the uncus
+ iatrikos, relating to medicine.] The thera- of the temporal lobe. \i. Basal ridge, a U-shaped

peutic employment of movements, either active ridge at the base of the posterior concave surface,
or passive; cinesitherapy, movement-cure. of the crown of the upper incisors and canine
cinesiesthesiometeT, cinesisesthesiometer (sin-es"e- teeth, the limbs of the^ U. running for a short
es-the-zi-om'e-ter) [G. kinesis, movement, -f- distance along the sides of the lingual surface,
aisihesis, sensation, -f meiron, measure.]
'
An the loop pointing to the gum. c. extremita'tls
instrument for determining the muscular sense. inferior'is, pelvic girdle.* c. extremita'tls
cinesimeter (sin-e-sim'e-ter) [G. kinesis, movement, Euperior'is, shoulder girdle.*
-t- meiron, measure.] An instrument for meas- CiniselU's meth'od (che-ne-sel'le) [Luigi Ciniselli,
uring the extent of a movement. Italian surgeon, 1803— 1878.] Treatment of aneu-
cinesiod'ic. Cinesodic. rysm by galvanopuncture.
cinesiology (sin-e-si-ol'o-jl) [G. kinesis, movement, cin'nabar [G. kinnabari.l The native ore fro;m
-i- -logia.] The science of movement, especially which metallic mercury is obtained by sublima-
of the therapeutic use of movements; cinematics, tion; red sulphide of mercury.
cinesiatrics, cinesitherapy. cinnaldehy'dum. Cinnaldehyde, cinnamic alde-
cinesioin'eter. Cinesimeter. hyde, CgHsO; an aldehyde obtained from oil of
cinesioneurosis (sin-e-sl-o-nu-ro'sis) [G. kinesis, cinnamon or prepared synthetically; aromatic,
movement, -t- neuron, nerve, -I- -osis.] neu- A carminative, and stomachic in doses of iijii—
rosis, or functional nervous disease marked by tics, (0.06-0.3).
spasms, or other motor disorders, vas'cular c, cin'namate. A salt of cinnamic acid.
angioneurosis. cinnamein (sin-am'e-in). Peru balsam oil, ob-
cinesipathist (sin-e-sip'a-thist). A non-medical tained by the action of caustic soda or potash;
person who treats disease by movements of it is an oily liquid containing a number of aro-
various kinds, a movement-cturist. matic substances.
cinesipathy (sin-e-sip'a-thi) [G. kinesis, movement, cinn'amene. Styrene.
-|- pathos, suffering.] 1. An afEection marked by cinnam'ic. Relating to cinnamon, c. acid, phenyl-
motor distiu-bances. 2. Cinesitherapy. acrylic acid, HC9H7O2, obtained from oil .of
cinesitherapy (sin-e-si-ther'a-pl) [G. kinesis, move- cinnamon, balsam of Peru and of Tolu, or
ment, +therapeia, treatment.] The therapeutic storax; employed hypodermically in tuberculosis
employment of movements, both active and pas- in doses of gr. -^tt^ (0.001-0.015).
sive; cinesiatrics, movement-cure. cinn'amol. Cinnamene, styrene.*
cinesodic (sin-e-sod'ik) [G. kinesis, motion, -f- hodos, cinnamo'mum, cin'namon (U.S.) An aromatic
way.] Relating to the paths by which motor bark employed as a spice, and in medicine as a
impulses travel. carminative and aromatic stomachic, c. cas'sia,
cinesthesia, cinaesthesia (sin-es-the'zl-ah) [G. kinesis, the unofficial source of most of the cinnamon in
motion, +
aisthesis, sensation.] i. The sense the shops, i;. saigon'icum (U.S.), Saigon cinna-
perception of movement; the muscular sense. 2. mon, the bark of .an undetermined species of
An illusion of moving in space. cinnamon in Annam. u. zeylan'icum (U.S.),
cinesthesiometer, cinsesthesiometer (sin-es-the-zl- Ceylon cinnamon, cinnamomi cortex (Br.),
om'e-ter) [G. metron, measure.] An instrument brought from Ceylon. The dose of powdered
for determining the degree of muscular sensation.
cinnamon is gr. i-io (0.06-0.6).
cinesthet'ic, cinsesthet'ic. Relating to cinesthesia, cinn'amon. Cinnamomum.
or the sensation or feeling of muscular movement.
cinn'amyl-eu'genol. A derivative of eugenol,
cinet'ic [G.. kinetikos.] Relating to motion or occurring in colorless, odorless, tasteless, shining
needles employed hypodermically in tuberculosis
muscular movements. ;

in doses of iii;2-8 (o 13-0 5).

cinetographic (sin-6-to-graf'ik) [G. kinetos, movable,
. .

graphikos, recording.] Relating to a graphic cinocentrum (sin-o-sen'trum) [G. kineo, I move, +

-I-
kentron, center.] Zimmennaiui's term for centro-
record of movements.
cinetog'raphy. The art of recording graphically some.
cinorogy. Cinesology.
movements of any sort.
cinom'eter. Cinesimeter.
cinetonucleus (sin-«-to-nu'kle-us) [G. Unites, one
cin'oplasm [G. kineo, I move, + plasma, a thing
that sets in motion.] An aggregation within the
formed.] The portion of the protoplasm of a
protozoan cell of the assumed specific material
 CIRCULUS
CINOPLASM 204

upon which its motor activity depends; dilated collateral vessels when the main artery of
cell
the part is obstructed deriv'ative c, the passage
cinetoplasm.
The uvula. of blood directly from arteries to veins, without
ci'on [G. kion, pillar.]
clonec'tomy [G. kion, uvula, + ektoml, excision. going through the capillary network, fetal c,
placental c. greater c, systemic c. lesser c,
Amputation of the uvula.
cionitis (si-on-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the uvula pulmonary t. lymph c, the slow passage of
cionoptosia (si-on-op-to'sl-ah) [G. kion, uvula, + lymph through the lymphatic vessels and glands.
ptosis, a falling.] Elongation of the uvula. placen'tal c, the circulation of blood during intra-
cionotome (si'on-o-tom) [G. Hon, uvula, + tome, uterine life, aeration and depuration occurring
cutting.] An instrument for cutting off part or in the placenta instead of in the lungs as in post-
natal life: see cut under fetal, portal c, the
all of the uvula.
cionot'omy. Cutting off a part of the uvula.
CipoUina's test (che-pol-le'nah) . Add to the
suspected urine an equal quantity of phenyl-
hydrazine and a few drops of glacial acetic acid;
after heating add a few drops of solution of
caustic soda; on again heating and allowing to
cool, crystals of glucosazone will form if the
urine contains glucose.
circellus venosus hypoglossi (sur-sel'us ve-no'sus
hi-po-glos'i) [L. circellus, dim. of circus, circle.]
Rete canalis hypoglossi [BNA].
circinate (sur'sl-nat) [L. circinatus, made round.]
Circular, ring-shaped.
circle (sur'kl) [L. circulus.] A ring-shaped structure
or group of structures, t. of Haller, circulus vas-
culosus nervi optici. c. of Willis, circulus arteri-
osus, defen'sive c, the addition of a secondary
disease limiting or arresting the progress of the
primary affection, as when pneumothorax super-
venes on pulmonary tuberculosis, the two affec-
tions exerting a reciprocally antagonistic action.
diSu'sion c, one of a number of circles formed on
the plane of projection of an image when it is not
in the focus of the lens, vas'cular c, (i ) the circle
around the mouth formed by the inferior and
superior coronary arteries ; (2) c. of Haller.
.

vic'ious c, (i) the mutually accelerating action

of two independent diseases, or of a primary and
secondary affection; (2) the passage of food, after
a gastroenterostomy, from the artificial opening,
through the intestinal loop by antiperistaltic
action, into the stomach again by the pyloric ori- Diagram of thb Postnatal Circulation. (After
fice, or the reverse; (3) in aortic stenosis, the series
Huxley.) Ad, Right auricle receiving the superior and
inferior venae cavae, Vcs and Vci; Dth, thoracic duct,
of changes following dilatation of the left ven- the main trunk of the lymphatic system; Ad, right
tricle, namely, relative incompetency of the mitral auricle; Vd, right ventricle; Ap, pulmonary artery:
valve, dilatation of the left atrium, pulmonary P, lung; Vp, pulmonary yein; As, left auricle; Vs, left
ventricle; Ao, aortaj D, intestine; L, liver; Vp, portal
engorgement, hypertrophy and dilatation of the vein; Lv, hepatic vem.
right ventricle, relative incompetency of the tri-
cuspid valve, dilatation of the right atrium, and capillary c. of venous blood in the liver, between
general venous engorgement. the portal and the hepatic veins pul'monaiy c,
circuit (sur'kit) [L. circuitus, going round.) The the passage of blood from the right ventricle
path or course of an electric current, closed c, through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and
one in which the current flows continuously. back through the pulmonary veins to the left
open c, one the continuity of which is interrupted atrium, system'ic c, the c. of blood through the
so that the current cannot pass, short c, (i) in arteries, capillaries, and veins of the general sys-
electricity, a c. of low resistance formed between tem, from the left ventricle to the right atrium.
two points which diverts the greater part or the cir'culatoiy. Relating to the circtilation.
whole of the current from the longer c. (2) in ;
circulus, gen. and pi. circuit (ser'koo-loos) [L. dim. of
intestinal surgery, a communication formed by circus, circle.] Anyring-like structure. A
circle
operation between two portions of the alimentary formed by connecting arteries, veins, or nerves.
canal to enable the contents to pass by an obstruc- c. arterio'sus, circle of Willis, an anastomotic
tion; also (3), as a verb, to make a short circuit in "circle" (roughly polygonal in outline) at the
either sense. base of the brain, formed, in order from before
cir'cular. i. Shaped like a circle, ring-shaped, backward, by the anterior communicating artery,
annular 2. Taking a circular course, recurrent, the two anterior cerebral, the two internal
periodic. carotid, the two posterior communicating, and
circula'tion. Movement in a circle or through a the two posterior cerebral arteries, c. arterio'-
circular course, blood c, the course of the blood sus Hal'leri [BNA], c. vasculosus nervi optici.
from the heart through the arteries, capillaries, c. arterio'sus ir'idis, arterial circle of the iris, one
and veins back again to the heart. coUat'eral c, of two anastomosing circles of the ciliary arter-
that which is maintained in small anastomosing ies; the inner, smaller, c. minor is near the pupil-
vessels when the main artery is obstructed. lary margin of the iris, the outer, larger, c. major,
compen'satory c, that which is established in is at the ciliary border of the iris. c. callo'sus
CIRCULUS 20S CIRSOPHTHALMIA
Hall'eri, one of the fibrous rings surrounding nective tissue, atroph'ic c, the usual form of c.
the opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves in in which extreme contraction of the connective
the heart, c. vasculo'sus ner'vi op'tici (Hal'leri), tissue and atrophy of the parenchyma cells
vastSular circle of the optic nerve, or of Haller, a lead to a marked reduction in size of the organ
network of branches of the short ciliary arteries bil'iary c, Hanot's c a chronic cholangitis,
,

on the sclera around the point of entrance of the resulting in jaundice, attacks of abdominal pain,
optic nerve, c. veno'sus Hal'leri, a ring of and enlargement of the liver and spleen, but
veins in the areola of the nipple, c. veno'sus usually without ascites; called also hypertrophic
Rid'leyi, a venous ring surrounding the sella biliary c; in obstructive biliary c, caused by
turcica of the sphenoid bone. c. Zinn'ii, c. obstruction in the extrahepatic bileducts, the
vasculosus nervi optici. liver is enlarged, jaundice is present, the stools
cir'cum- [L. around.] A prefix denoting a circular are acholic, and the patient rapidly loses
movement, or a position surrounding the part strength, bil'iary c. of chil'dren, infantile liver,
indicated by the word to which it is joined. a disease characterized by a growth of fibrous
circumanal (sur-kum-a'nal). Surrounding the anus. connective tissue within the lobules between the
circumarticular (sur-kum-ar-tik'u-lar) [L. circum, liver cells; it occurs in India, affecting children
around, + articulus, joint.] Periarthric, sur- between 6 and 24 months of age; the liver is
rounding a joint. enlarged,'"jaundice is marked, and there is edema
circumaz'illaiy [L circum, around, + axilla.l in the later stages; the disease lasts from a
About the axilla. month or two to one or two years; the prognosis
circumbul'bar. Around any bulb, especially the is almost uniformly unfavorable, cap'sular c.
eyeball. of the liv'er, Glissonian c. c. mam'miae, chronic
circumcision (sur-kum-sizh'un) [L. circum, around, interstitial mastitis, c. of the kidney, granu-
+ C(Bdere, to cut.] The operation of removing lar kidney, c. of the liver, biliary c, Glis-
part or all of the foreskin, or prepuce. sonian c. c. of the lung, chronic interstitial
circumcomeal (sur-kum-kor'ne-al). Surrounding pneumonia, c. of the stomach, sclerotic gastritis,
the cornea. a condition of connective-tissue hypertrophy,
circumduction (sur-kum-duk'shun) [L. circum, causing thickening of the walls with contraction
around, + ducere, to draw.] Movement of a part, of the cavity of the stomach. Glisso'nian c,
as the eye or an extremity,,in a circular direction. [see Glisson], chronic perihepatitis with thickening
circumferentia (sur-kum-fe-ren'shi-ah) [L.] Cir- and subsequent contraction, resulting in atrophy-
cumference, c. articula'ris [BNA], articular and deformity of the liver! Hanot's t., hyper^
circumference; there are two structures with trophic c. of the liver, hypertroph'ic c, a form
this title: c. a. capit'uli uVtkb, articular circum- in which the hypertrophy of the connective
ference of the small head of the ulna (at its tissue is in excess of the atrophy of the parenchy-
upper end), and c. a. ra'dii, articular circum- ma cells. Laennec's' c, portal c. multilob'ular
ference of the radius (at its lower end). c, atrophic c. of the liver, peripor'tal c, atro-
circumflex (sur'kum-flex). Bent around, bowed, phic o. of the liver, pig'mentary c, pigmenta-
describing an arc of a circle, noting several tion of the liver in bronze diabetes, por'tal c,
anatomical structures — arteries, veins, nerves, Laennec's c, hobnailed liver; a form probably
and muscles. due to the action of some poison conveyed by the
circumgemmal (sur"kum-iem'al) L. circum, around, portal vein; ihe liver is usually decreased in
+ gemma, a bud.] Surroiinding a bud-like or size, though it may be slightly enlarged, ascites
bulb-like body, noting especially a mode of is common, hematemesis occurs at times, but^

nerve termination by fibrils surrounding an end- jaundice is rare, tox'ic c, c. of the liver due to
bulb. chronic poisoning by lead, alcohol, etc. unllo'-
circumin'sular. Situated around the island of Reil bar c, hypertrophic c. of the liver, vas'cular c,
circumlen'tal. Surrounding the crystalline lens. c. of the liver due to stasis of the circulation in

circumnuclear (sur-kum-nu'kle-ar). Surrounding the organ.

any nucleus. cirrhot'ic. Relating to or affected with cirrhosis.
circumoc'ular [L. oculus, eye.] Around the eye. cirrose, cirrous (sir'oz, sir'us). i. Relating to or

circumor'bital. Around the orbit. having cirri. 2. In botany, having tendrils or

circumre'nal [L. ren, kidney.] Around the kidney, coiling like a tendril.
perinephric. cirr'us, pi. cirri [L. a curl.] i. A structure like a.

circumscissile (sur-kum-sis'il) [L. circumscindere, to thickened or condensed cilium constituting one

cut around.] In botany, noting a dehiscence or of the sensory or tactile organs of the protozoa-
splitting of the capsule ofa fruit in a circular line 2. The protruding male sexual organ of a tape-

around the side. worm or a fluke.

circumscriptus (sur-kum-skrip'tus) [L. circum, cireectomy (sur-sek'to-ml) [G. kirsos, varix, +
around, -t- scribere, to write.] Circumscribed, ektome, excision.] Excision of a section of a
having a well-defined outline. varicose vein.
circumvall'ate [L. vallum, wall.] Noting a structure cirsocele (sur'so-sel) [G. kirsos, varix, -I- kele,
surrounded by a raised ring, as the c. papillcB* of tumor.] Varicocele, a dilatation of the veins of
the tongue. the spermatic cord, marked by a boggy swelling,
cxrcumyas'cular [circum-, around, -t- vasculum, a dragging weight, and slight pain.
vessel.] Surrounding any vessel, especially a cirsoid (sur'soyd) [G. kirsos, varix, -I- eidos, ap-
blood-vessel. pearance.] Varicose, resembling a varix. c.
cirrhonosus (sir-ron'o-sus [G. kirrhos, tawny, + an'eurysm, dilatation and tortuosity of an artery
nosos, disease.] A disease of the fetus marked resembling varices in a vein.
anatomically by a yellow staining of the peri- cirsom'phalos (sur-som'fa-los) [G. kirsos, varix, -f-
toneum and pleura. omphalos, umbilicus.] The presence of varicose
cirrhosis (sl-ro'sis) [G. kirrhos, tawny.] A degenera- veins around the umbilicus.
parenchyma cells of an cirsophthal'mia [G kirsos, varix, + ophthalmos
tion or atrophy of the
eye.] Dilatation of the conjunctival blood-vessels
organ, with hypertrophy of the interstitial con-
CIRSOTOMY 206 CLAMP

Containing a citrate, specifically noting

cirsotomy (siir-sot'o-mI) [G. kirsos, varix, + tome, cit'rated.

incision.] Treatment of varicose veins by mul- blood-serum or milk to which has been added a
tiple incisions.
solution of potassium citrate.
cissa (sis'ah) [G. kissa.] A craving for unusual or cit'ric acid. Acidum* citricum.
unwholesome articles of food; the unnatural citrine oint'ment (sit'ren). Unguentum* hydrargyri
longings of pregnancy. nitratis.
cissam'pelos [G. kissos, ivy, + ampelos, vine.] cit'rocoU. PhenocoU citrate; colorless crystals
(B.A.) The dried root of Cissampelos pareira; soluble in water; antipyretic and analgesic in
tonic and diuretic, given in the form of decoction doses of 10-20 grains (0.6-1.2).
and liquid extract. cit'rol. Citrate of itrol,* used like other organic
cis'tern [L. cisterna.'] A reservoir, or an enclosed silver preparations in gonorrhea.
space containing fluid, cistema.
citroneU'a. ±. CoUinsonia. 2. Andropogon nar-
cister'na, gen. and pi. cisterncs [L.] Any cavity or dus, a fragrant grass of Ceylon, from which is
enclosed space serving as a reservoir, especially distilled a volatile oil used as a perfume and as a
for chyle or lymph, c. basa'lis, basal cistern,
protection against insects.
c. interpeduncularis [BNA]. c. cerebellomedul-

la'ris [BNA], cerebellomeduUary cistern, post-

cit'rophen. Acompound of citric acid and para-
phenetidin, occurs as a white powder or crystals
cistema, c. magna, the largest of the subarach-
of a faintly acidulous taste employed as an anti-
;

noid cisterns between the under surface of the

pyretic, analgesic, and sedative in doses of gr.
cerebellum and the posterior surface of the
3-15 (0.2-1.0).
medulla oblongata, c. chias'matis [BNA],
citrurea (sit-ru-re'ah). Trade name of a, mixture
cistern of the chiasm, a dilatation of the sub-
arachnoid space formed when the arachnoid of lithium bromide, citric acid and urea, employed
passes over from the optic chiasm to the rostrum in gout and rheumatic affections.
of the corpus callosum. c. chy'li [BNA], chyle- Cit'rus. Agenus of trees of the order RutacecB.
cistern, receptaculum chyli, a dilated sac 2 or C. ac'ida, the lime. C. auran'tium, orange. C.
3 in. (5-7. 5 cm.) in length by i to J in. (6-8 mm.) bergam'ia, bergamot.. C. decu'mana, shaddock.
in width, lying between the vena azygos major C. limo'num, C. med'ica, lemon.
and the aorta opposite the first and second civ'et. The secretion from the anal glands of
lumbar vertebrse; it receives the intestinal, two Viverra civetta and V. eibeiha, animals of Africa
lumbar and two descending lymphatic trunks, and southern Asia respectively used, like musk, as
;

and gives origin to the thoracic duct. c. a perfume and sometimes as a stimulant.
crura'Us, c. interpeduncularis. c, fos'sae latera'- Civinini's pro'cess (che-ve-ne'ne). [Fi\ippo Civinini,
lis cer'ebri [BNA], cistern of the lateral fossa Italian anatomist, fi844.] Processus pterygo-
of the cerebrum, an elongated expansion of spinosus.
the subarachnoid space where the arachnoid CI. Symbol for chlorine.
bridges over the opening of the Sylvian fissure. dado's band The suspensory liga-
(klah'do).
0. Interpeduncula'ris [BNA], interpeduncular ment of theovary covered with peritoneum.
cislern, c. basalis, a dilatation of the subarach- C.'s lig'ament, a mesenteric fold running from
noid space in front of the pons Varolii, where the broad ligament on the right side to the
the arachnoidea stretches across between the appendix. C.'s point, a point at the junction
two temporal lobes, c. mag'na, large cistern, ofthe interspinal and right semilunar lines,
c. cerebellomeduUaris [BNA]. c. perilymphat'ica, at the external border of the rectus abdominis
the space between the osseous and the mem- muscle, where marked tenderness on pressure
branous labyrinth of the internal ear, containing is felt in cases of appendicitis.
the perilymph, c. pon'tis, an upward continua- cladode, cladodium (klad'od, klS-do'di-um) [G.
tion of the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord, kladodes, resembling a branch.] Cladophyll.
continuous about the oblongata with the u. Clado'nia [G. kladon, a branch.] A genus of lichens,
cerebellomeduUaris. u. subarachnoida'lis, an ex- of which one species, C. rangiferi'na, reindeer moss,
panded portion of the subarachnoid space within has been used in bronchitis.
the cranium where the arachnoid bridges over clad'ophyll [G. klados, a branch, +
phyllon, a leaf.]
a depression on the surface of the brain; the In botany, a leaf-like branch.
cavity so formed is filled with fluid, c. ve'nse cladosporiosis (klad"o-spo-ri-o'sis) Infection with
.

mag'nee cer'ebri [BNA], cistern of the great a fungus, a species of Cladosporium, specifically
vein of the cerebrum, an expansion of the C madagascariense, marked by the fornxation
subarachnoid space below and behind the trunk of gummatous, nodules.
of the corpus callosum and above the quadri- Cladosporium (klad-o-spo'ri-um) [G. klados, a
geminal bodies. branch, + sporos, seed.] A
genus of fungi hav-
Cls'tus [G. kisios, the rock-rose.] A genus of plants ing greenish conidiophores with oval or round
in the Mediterranean region. C. cre'ticus and spores. C. cancerog'enes, canceromyces. C.
C. ladanif'erus furnish the resinous substance madagascarien'se, a species producing gumma-
labdanum or ladanum, formerly employed in like nodules. C. man'soni, a species'causing the
bronchitis and dysentery. lesions of tinea nigra.
clt'arin. Trade name
sodium anhydromethylene
of Clad'othrix [G. klados, a branch, + thrix, hair.] A
citrate, a compound
sodium citrate and for-
of genus of ChlamydobacteriacecB, including the forms
maldehyde; used in rheumatism and gout in with branching cell threads.
doses of gr. 15-30 (i . 0-2 . o), being said to liberate claim [L. clamare, to call.] In life insurance, the
formaldehyde in the blood. amount of a policy malfured and payable, either
citracon'ic acid. Pyrocitric acid, a crystalline acid, at the end of an endowment period or at the
C,H,0„ prepared from citric acid by distillation. death of the insured, death c, the amount of a
clt'ral. An aldehyde from oil of lemon. policy maturing by the death of the insured.
cit'ramlne. Hexamethylene* tetramine methyl- clamp. I. An instrument for making compression
en ecitrate. of an artery, the pedicle of a tumor, or other
clt'rate. A salt of citric acid. structures. 2. In dentistry, a metal spring used
 ;

CLAMP 207 CLEAVAGE

for attaching an artificial tooth to a natural one, Clau'dius's cells [Friedrich Matthias Claudius, Ger-
obviating the necessity of a plate. man anatomist, 1822-1869.] Columnar cells on
clang. ±. A loud metallic noise. 2. The quality the floor of the ductus cochlearis external to the
of the voice or of a musical tone. organ of Corti. C.'s fos'sa, a slight depression on
clap. I. A sharp slapping sound. 2. Gonorrhea. either side, in the posterior part of the pelvis, in
clapotage, clapotement (kll-pil-tazh', kia-put-mon') which the ovary lies.
[Fr.] The splashing sound heard on succussion Claudius's meth'od (klaw'dJ-us) . Sterilization
of a dilated stomach. of catgut by immersion for a week or longer
Clap'ton's line. A greenish discoloration of the in a I per cent, iodine-potassium iodide solu-
dental margin of the gums in cases of chronic tion.
copper poisoning. claustral (klaw'stral). Relating to the "blaustrum
clar'et-cheek. Capillary nevus of the face. claustrophobia (klaw-stro-fo'bi-ah) [L. claitstram,
clarif'icant [L. clarus, clear, + facere, to make.] an enclosed space, -|- G. phobos, fear.] morbidA
I. Making a turbid liquid clear. 2. Any agent apprehension of being in a house or any en-
having this property. closure.
clarification (klar"I-fi-ka'shun). The process of claustrum (klaw'strum) [L. barrier.] One of
making a turbid liquid clear. several anatomical structures bearing a fancied
clar'ify. To make clear. resemblance to a barrier; specifically a thin
Clark's Red Cross Min'eral Well, Michigan. Muri- vertically placed lamina of gray matter lying
ated-saline waters. Used internally and exter- close to the outer portion (putamen) of the
nally in rheiunatism, various internal disorders; lenticular nucleus, from which it is separated
locally for ulcers, cuts, bums, and bruises, con- by the external capsule, c. gutt'uris, c. o'ris,
junctivitis, pharyngitis, leucorrhea, and gonor- velum palatinum. c. virgina'le, hymen.
rhea. clausura (klaw-su'rah) [L. closure.] Atresia.
Clark's Riv'erside Min'eral Springs, Michigan. Muri- cla'va,gen. and pi. cla'vcB [L.] Club, the swollen
ated-sulphated and saline-calcic waters, 56° extremity of the funiculus gracilis in the posterior
F. Two springs, used by drinking and bathing portion of the medulla oblongata, just below the
in hepatic and intestinal disorders. rhomboidal fossa.
Clark's sign. [Alonzo Clark, New York physician, cla'val. Relating to the clava.
1807-1887.] A tympanitic percussion note over cla'vate [L. clava, a club.] Club-shaped.
the liver, denoting intestinal perforation. clavelization (klav-e'-i-za'shun) [Fr. claveU sheep-
Clarke's col'umn [Jacob Augustus Lockhart Clarke, pox.] Preventive inoculation of sheeppox.
English anatomist, 1817—1880.] Posterior vesicu- Clav'iceps [L. clava, club, + caput, head.] A genus
lar column, nucleus* dorsalis [BNA]. C.'s collat'- of fungi producing smut in cereals. C. purpu'rea,
eral bun'dle, a bundle of nerve fibers passing the fungus of rye which produces ergot.
between Burdach's and Clarke's columns. C.'s clavicle (klaVi-kl) [L. clavicula, a small key.] Col-
nu'cleus, a group of nerve cells situated at the lar-bone, a long doubly curved bone, forming
level of the third cervical nerve, representing C.'s part of the shoulder-girdle, its inner end articu-
column at this level. lating with the manubrium stemi, its outer with
Clarke's tongue Charles Mansfield Clarke,
[Sir the acromial process of the scapula.
English 1782-1857.] An indurated
physician, clavicot'omy [L. clavicula, clavicle, -1- G. tome, inci-
tongue with fissured surface, due to syphilis. sion.] Surgical division of the clavicle.
.

C.'s ul'cer, (i) rodent ulcer;* (2) ulcer of the cer- clavic'ula [L. dim. of clavis, key.] Clavicle.
vix uteri. clavic'ular. Relating to the clavicle.
clasmatoblast (klaz-mat'o-blast) [G. klasma, a clavic'ulus [L. dim. of clavus, a nail.] One of
fragment, -I- blastos, germ.] Mast-cell. Sharpey's* fibers.
clasmatocyte (klaz-mat'o-s!t) [G. klasma, a frag- cla'vin. An extractive of ergot having oxytocic
ment, + kytos, a hollow (cell).] A large, ap- properties.
parently wandering uninucleated cell, with many cla'vus [L. a nail.] i. Com, a small conical callosity

branches, derived probably from proliferating caused by pressure over a bony prominence,
tissue elements, though possibly from the blood. usually on a toe. 2 A severe pain in the head,
clasmato'sis [G. klasma, a fragment.] The exten- sharply limited in area, as if caused by the driving
sion of pseudopodia-like processes in unicellular of a nail.
organisms and blood cells by plasmolysis rather claw-foot. Muscular atrophy with caval contrac-
than by a true pseudopodia formation. tion of the foot.
clasp-knife rigid'ity. Spastic motion in a joint, claw-hand. Muscular atrophy of the hand with
with first hesitation and then sudden flexion or claw-like flexion of the fingers.
extension. Clay'ton gas. A gas, chiefly sulphurous acid with
class [L. classis, a division.] In zoological classifi- some sulphuric acid, used to kill the vermin in the
cation the division next below the phylum (or hold of a ship.
subphylum) and above the order. Clear Creek Springs, Kentucky. Light alkaline-
Class's cocc'us [W. J. Class, Chicago physician, calcic waters. Two springs. Hepatic and renal
affections, dyspepsia, cutaneous diseases, and
1874-1906.] An organism resembling a large
gonococcus, found in the blood, throat secretions, women's diseases.
cleavage (kle'vej) i. The splitting up of a com-
and epidermal scales in scarlet fever and regarded
by C. as the cause of this disease.
plex molecule into two or more simpler mole-
Breaking up cules. 2. Segmentation of the vitellus, yolk-c.
clas'tic [G. klastos; klao, I break.]
'

c.-cav'ity, the interior of a morula or of a blastula,

into pieces, or exhibiting a tendency so to break
blastocoele, c.-cell, blastomere. c. lines, when
or divide.
clas'tothrix [G. klastos, broken in pieces, -I- thrix,
a pin is driven into the skin of the cadaver, the
Trichorrhexis, brittleness of the hair. opening made is linear, owing to the special dis-
hair.]
tribution of the connective-tissue bundle these
claudication (klaw-dl-ka'shun) [L. daudicare, to
;

intermitt'ent c, intermittent lines take definite directions varying with the

limp.] Limping,
region of the body surface; see cut on follow-
limping.*
 .

CXEAVAGE 208 CLINICAL

c.-mass, the collection of cells re- cleptoma'nia [G. klepto, I steal, -I- mania, frenzy.]
ing page,
sulting from the segmentation of the vitellus.
An uncontrollable impulse to steal without
hydrolyt'ic c, hydrolysis, u. accompanied by the
needing the thing taken.
taking up of the constituents of water, yolk-c,
cleptoma'niac. A
person suffering from clepto-
segmentation of the vitellus. mania.
cleptopho'bia [G. klepto, I steal, + phobos, fear.] A
morbid dread of becoming a thief or a clepto-
maniac.
cler'gyman's sore throat. Granular pharyngitis.
Clevenger's fiss'ure (klev'en-jur) Sulcus tem- .

poralis inferior.
clidagra (kli-dag'rah) [G. kleis(kleid-), the clavicle,
-I- agra, a seizure.]
Gouty pain in the clavicle.
cUdarthritis (kli-dar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. kleisQtleid-),
clavicle, + arthron, joint, -ilts.] i. +
Cleida-
gra. 2. Inflammation of either of the articular
ends of the clavicle.
clidocostal (kli-do-kos'tal) [G. kleis(kleui-), clavicle,
+
L. casta, rib. Relating to the clavicle and a
rib.
clidorrhezis (kli-do-rek'sis) [G. kleis (kleid-), clavicle,
-t- rhexis, rupture.]
Reduction of the diameter
of the shoulder-girdle of the fetus by fracture or
bending of the clavicles.
clidot'omy [G. kleis, clavicle, -t- tome, a cutting.]
Division of the clavicles to reduce the width of
the shovdders of the fetus in certain cases of
dystocia.
clidotripsy (kli'do-trip-sl) [kleis (kleid-), clavicle, +
tripsis, Crushing of the clavicle of
a rubbing.]
the fetus in order to reduce the width of the
shoulder girdle in cases of dystocia.
clier (kli'er). Lymphadenitis in cattle.
Clifton Springs, N. Y. Alkaline-saline-calcic-car-
bonated-sulphureted ^waters. Used for_^drink-
ing and bathing.
climac'ter [G. klimakier,' the round of a'ladder.]
Climacteric(i).
Cleavage Lines of the Skin. When the skin of the climacteric (kli-mak'ter-ik, kli-mak-ter'ik). i.
cadaver is pierced with a round instrument, like a Climacter, a supposed critical period of life, after
shoemaker's awl, on withdrawal of the instrument the adolescence, occurring in men or women, espe-
wound assumes a linear form, the direction of which in
different parts of the body is here indicated. cially the menopause in women. 2. Relating to a
climacter, or critical period of life, grand c,
clea'vers. Ladies' bed-straw, the dried herb. the sixty-third year, the ninth of the seventh
Galium verum, having diuretic properties in year periods, each of which from the third on was
doses of 3 1-2 (4 0-8 o)
. . formerly regarded as a critical period.
Cleemann's sign (kla'mahn) Wrinkling of the skin clijnatorogy [G. klima, climate, -I- -logia.] The
just above the patella, in fracture of the femur branch of meteorology which has to do with a
with overriding of the fragments. study of climate and its relation to disease.
cleft. A fissure, bran'chial c, see branchial. climatother'apy [G. klimaiklimat-), climate, +
choles'terin c, an artefact caused by the dis- therapeia, treatment.] The treatment of disease
solving out of cholesterin crystals in sections of by a sojourn in a region having a certain climate.
degenerated tissue embedded in paraffin, gen'- cU'max [G. klimax, staircase.] The height of a
ital c, a fissure in the embryo from which is disease, the stage of greatest severity.
formed the cloaca, vis'ceral c, any cleft be- Cli'max Springs, Missouri. lodo-bromated waters.
tween two visceral arches in the embryo. Seven springs. Chronic tuberculous and syphil-
left-palate. A congenital fissure in the roof of the itic affections.
mouth, due to failure of the palate bones to unite; climograph (kli'mo-graf) [G. klima, climate, -|-
usually associated with harelip, repair of c.-p., grapho, I record.] A diagram showing the effect
staphyloplasty, staphylorrhaphy, uranoplasty of climate on health.
uranorrhaphy. clin'ic [G. kline, bed.] i. An institution in which
cleft-tongut. Furrowed tongue.* medical attention is given to patients who
cleidagra, etc. See clidagra. live at home, not requiring hospital care.
cleithrophobia (klith-ro-f o'bl-ah) Clithrophobia.
. 2. An institution in which medical instruction
clem'atis [G. klematis, a vine.] A tincture of the is given to students by means of demonstra-
fresh leaves and stems of C. erecta, virgin's bower; tions in the presence of the sick. 3. A clinical
employed in homeopathic practice in the treat- lecture.
ment of moist eczema and painful glandular clin'ical.1. Relating to the bedside of a patient
swellings, in doses of the ist to the 6th dilution. or to the course of his disease. 2. Noting the
Clem'en's solu'tion. Liquor potassii arsenatis et symptoms and course of a disease as distinguished
bromidi. from the anatomical changes. 3. Relating to a
cleoid (kle'oyd) [A. S. cle, claw, -|- G. eidos, clinic, c. lec'ture, a lecture on any disease during
resemblance.] A claw-like dental instrument which the patient is present and is referred to in
used in excavating cavities. demonstration of the objective symptoms.
INICIAN 209 CLOT

ician (klin-ish'un). A
practising physician, as cavernosa capped by a glans the corpus spongio-
;

istinguished from a pathologist or laboratory sum is absent except as it is represented by the

rorker. glans.
I'icist. Clinician. clitoritis (kli-to-ri'(re')tis). Clitoriditis.
,ocephaly (kli-no-sef S-li) [G. Mine, bed, keph- + cUtorism (klit'or-ism)* i. Prolonged and usually
U, head.] Saddle-head; a condition in which painful erection of the clitoris, the analogue of
he upper surface of the skull is more or less con- priapism. 2. Clitoridauxe.
ave, presenting a saddle-shaped appearance on clitoroma'nia. Nymphomania.
irofile; it is due to premature closure of the cUtorot'omy. Clitoridotomy.
phenoparietal suture. cli'vis. Declivis cerebelli.
nocoris (klin-ok'o-ris) [G. kline, bed, -f koris, cli'vus [L. slope.] A sloping surface, especially of a
)ug.] Bedbug; the genus is usually called bone such as the occipital and sphenoid, c.
Blumenbach'ii, the slope at the base of the skull
lodac'tyly [G. klino, I incline, bend, dakiylos,
-1- from the foramen magnum to the sella turcica.
inger.] Permanent deflection of one or more c. montic'uli, a division of the superior surface
ingers. of the vermis of the cerebellum, continuous on
noid [G. kline, bed, + eidos, resemblance.] either side with the posterior crescentic lobules
iesembling a bed noting the c. processes, three
; clo'aca [L. sewer.] The combined urogenital and
jairs of prominences on the upper surface of the rectal opening in the embryo, c. the'ory, the
iphenoid bone, the anterior pair on the sides of belief sometimes held by neurotics or children
;he olivary process, the middle and posterior pairs that a child is bom as a stool is passed, from a.
it the angles of the sella turcica. common opening.
lology (kli-nol'o-jl) [G. klino, I decline, -I- -login. Cloetta's digitoxin (Mo-et'tahz dij-I-toks'in) [Max
The part of science which has to deal with the Cloetta, Swiss pharmacologist, *i868.] A soluble
•etrograde changes in living organisms following —
preparation of digitoxin digitoxinum solubile.
;he period of maturity. clon'ic. Of the nature of clonus, marked by alter-
noscope [G. klino, I decline, +
skopeo, I view.] nate contraction and relaxation of muscle.
\n instrument for determining the degree of clonicity (klo-nisl-tl). The state of being clonic.
weakness of the ocular muscles by measuring the clo'nism. A long continued state of clonic spasms
;orsion oi the eyeballs. clo'nograph [G klonos, tumult, + grapho, I write.]
ieometer (kliz-e-om'e-ter) [G. klisis, inclination, An instrument for registering the movements in
+ metron, measure.] An instrument for measur- clonic spasm.
ng the angle which the axis of the oelvis makes Clonorchiosis (klo-nor-k?-o'sis) condition
. A
irith that of the body. marked by invasion of the bile ducts by Clonor-
chis endemicus or C. sinensis,
Clonorchis (klo-nor'kis) [G. klon, a branch or
shoot, -I- orchis, testicle. ] A
genus of flukes,
formerly included in the genus Distoma or
Opisthorchis; it is characterized by the fact that
the testicles are ramified instead of being notched
or lob ate.
clo'nospasm. Clonus.
clo'nus [G klonos, a tumult.] A form of convulsion
marked by contractions and relaxations of a
muscle, occurring in rapid succession, ankle c,
foot-c, see under ankle, wrist c, see under
Cliseombtbr. wrist, toe c, see under toe.
Cloquet's canal' (klo-ka') [Jules Germain Cloquet,
stogamy (klis-tog'5-ml) [G. kleisios, closed, + Parisian surgeon, 179^1-1883.] Stilling's canal,
gamos, marriage.] In botany, a condition in canalis* hyaloideus. C.*s gang'lion, septum
which there are unexpanded flowers which are femorale. C.'s her'nia, a femoral hernia perfor-
nevertheless fertile, producing seed. ating the aponeurosis of the pectineus and insinu-
throphobia (klith-ro-pho'bi-ah) [G. kleithron, a ating itself between this aponeurosis and the
bolt, + phobos, fear.] Morbid dread of being muscle, lying therefore behind the femoral vessels.
locked in. C.'s sep'tum, C.'s ganglion. C.'s sign, a bright
tion (klitl-on) [G. klitos, a declivity.] A cranio- needle is not quickly rusted when passed into the
metric point in the middle of the highest part of muscular tissue, if life is extinct.
the clivus on the sphenoid bone. clostrid'ial. Relating to any bacterium of the genus
toridauze (klit-or-id-awk'se) [G. kleitoris, clito- Clostridium.
ris, -I- auxe, increase.] Hypertrophy of the Clostrid'ium [G. kloster, spindle.] A
genus of fusi-
clitoris. form bacteria, the shape being due to a central
torid'ean. Relating to the clitoris. spore. C. butyr'icum, a variety of Bacillus buty-
toridectomy (klit-or-id-ek'to-ml) [G. kleitoris ricus. C. pasteuria'num, a nitrifying bacterium
(kleitorid-), clitoris, + ektome, excision.] Re- which utilizes directly the nitrogen of the air.
moval of the clitoris. clot [A.S. cfo«(?), a mass.] 1. To coagulate. 2. A
toriditis (kli-tor-id-i'(e')tis) [G. kleitoris (kleitorid-) coagulum, a thrombus, ag'ony c, a heart clot
clitoris, -(- -itis.] Inflammation of the clitoris. formed during the act of dying in cases of pro-
toridotomy (klit-or-I-dot'o-ml) [G. kleitoris (klei- longed heart failure, ante-mor'tem c, a blood
torid-), clitoris, -I- tome, a cutting.] Circumcision clot found at autopsy, which was formed in any

in the female. of the heart cavities or the great vessels before

toris (klit'or-is or kli'tor-is) [G. kleitoris.'] An death, lam'inated c, a clot formed of a succes-
organ composed of erectile tissue, the analogue sion of layers such as occurs in the natural cure of
in the female of the penis; it is about an inch and an aneurysm, passive c, a c. formed in an
a half in length, and is formed of two corpora aneurysmal sac in consequence of the circula-

14
 ;

CLOT COARCT

tion through the aneurysm having ceased. coag'ulable. Capable of clotting, tending to clot.
formed in the heart or coag'ulant. 1. Causing coagulation. 2. An agent
post-mor'tem c, a. clot
great vessels after death. which causes a fluid to coagulate.
clot'bur. A
plant, Xanihium spinosum, the leaves coagulase (ko-ag'u-iaz). A
clotting enzyme, one
of which are diuretic, diaphoretic, and sialogogue which causes coagulation; thrombin and rennin
in doses of gr. lo (0.6). are examples.
The blocking of any canal or duct by a coag'ulate [L. coagulare, to curdle.] i. To convert
clott'age.
a fluid into a soft jelly-like solid, z. To clot, to
blood-clot.
cloudy swelling (klow'dl-swel'ing). Turbid swell- curdle, to change from a fluid state to that of a
ing, albuminoid or parenchymatous degeneration soft, jelly-like solid.
a degenerative change marked by a swelling of the coagulation (ko-ag-u-la'shun). i. Clotting, the proc-
cells, coarsening of the reticulum, and a clouding ess of change from a liquid state to that of a soft,
or granulation of the cytoplasm. jelly-like solid. 2. A clot or coagulum. t. time,

clove-hitch. A knot or loop used in making tem- the time required for a drop of blood to coagulate,
porary traction on a limb see cut under knot.
; usually from 2 to 8 minutes.
Clo'verdale Lith'ia Springs, Penn. Alkaline-saline- coagulative (ko-ag'u-la-tiv). Coagulant, causing
chalybeate waters, 52° F. One spring. Ant- coagulation.
acid, aperient, and tonic. coagulen (ko-ag'u-len). Trade name of a white
clo'ver-disease. Trifoliosis. powder obtained by the fractional centrifuga-
cloves. Caryophyllus. tion of animal blood, supposed to possess in
clown'ism. A stage in hysteroepilepsy in which the concentrated form the coagulation-stimulating
patient assumes grotesque attitudes. properties of the platelets; it is employed ex-
clubbed dig'its. Hippocratic* fingers. ternally, in a 10 per cent, solution in physiolog-
club-foot. Talipes, cyllosis, kyllosis. ical salt solution, as a hemostatic.
club-hand. Talipomanus. coag'ulin. An antibody causing coagulation of the
club-moss. Lycopodium. antigen.
clump [A.S. clympre, a lump.] To form into clus- coagulinoid (ko-ag'u-lin-oyd) [coagulin + G. eidos,
ters or small aggregations or groups. resemblance.] A coagulin in which the function
clump'ing. Agglutinating the massing together of
; group has been destroyed by heating to 65°— 70** C.
bacteria or other cells suspended in a fluid. coagulom'eter [L. coagulum, clot, -f- G. m-eiron,
clu'nes [pi. of L. clunis, buttock.] Nates, buttocks. measure.] An apparatus for measiuing the time
clupeine (klu'pe-en) [L. clupea, herring.] A prota- required for a drop of blood to coagulate. One
mine, CaoHjjNuO,, in the sperm of the herring. form (that of Russell and Brodie) consists of a'
cluttering (klut'er-ing). The dropping of letters or truncated glass cone, on which a drop of blood is
syllables by a hurried or nervous speaker. placed, which projects in a moist chamber through
;

cly'sis [G. klysis, a washing out.] A washing out of a fine tube passing into the moist chamber a
stagnant or waste materials in any cavity or in current of air is blown; the apparatus is placed
the blood, by means of injections of fluid. under a microscope and the process of coagiilation
clys'ma [G. klysma, a drenching.] An enema or is observed and timed.
clyster. coagulose (ko-ag'u-loz). Trade name of a powder
clyster (klis'ter) [G. klyster.] Enema, clysma, a obtained by precipitating normal blood serum;
rectal injection of water or other fluid. recommended locally and by subcutaneous injec-
clys'terize. To administer a rectal injection. tions for the control of hemorrhage.
C. M. Abbreviation for the degree chirurgicB coag'ulum, pi. coag'ula [L.] A
clot; a curd.
magister, master in surgery. Coak'ley opera'tion [Cornelius Godfrey Coakley,
cm. Abbreviation for centimeter. New York laryngologist, *i862.] An opera-
CN. I. Cyanogen. 2. Trade name of a, disin- tion for frontal sinus disease. Skin incision
fectant containing cresols. from inner third of edge of orbit to the root of
cnemial (ne'ml-al) [G. kneme, leg.] Relating to the the nose or outward; anterior wall removed and
leg, espeeially to the shin. mucous membrane curetted away under electric
cnemis (ne'mis) [G. knemis, a legging.] The shin. illumination; nasal duct curetted gently so as to
cnemitis (ne-mi'(me')tis). Inflammation of the secure obliteration.
tibia, especially periostitis of the anterior edge coalesce (ko-al-es') [L. coalescere, to grow together.]
of the tibia. To grow together, fuse, become one.
cnemoscoliosis (ne-mo-sko-ll-o'sis) [G. kneme, leg, coalescence (ko-al-es'ens). The fusion or growing
-I- skoUosis, a. bending.] Curvature of the bones together of two or more bodies.
of the leg, bowleg. coal-miners' disease or lung. Anthracosis.
cnicin (ni'sin). The bitter principle of carduus, coal-tar. A black viscid liquid formed during the
Cnicus henedicius; dose, gr. 5 (0.3). manufacture of illuminating gas from coal. It is
Cni'cus benedic'tus. Blessed thistle, carduus bene- a mixture of many hydrocarbons, and is the source
dictus; see carduus. of a great variety of substances, such as the
cnidosis (ni-do'sis) [G. knidosis, nettle-rash.] Urti- aniline dyes, and a number of the so-called
caria. synthetic drugs, c.-t. rem'edies, drugs manu-
CNOH. Cyanic acid. factured synthetically from c.-t. or its derivatives,
Co. Symbol for cobalt. such as acetanilide, antipyrine, etc.
CO. Carbon) monoxide, carbonic oxide.
I. 2. coaptation (ko-ap-ta'shun) [L. coaptare, to fit to-
Carbonyl. gether.] The joining together or fitting of two
COj. Carbonic anhydride, carbon dioxide, some- surfaces, as the lips of a wound or the ends of a
times called carbonic acidwhich is properly H^CO,. broken bone. c. splint, one of a number of short
coadunation, coadunition (ko-ad-u-na'shun, ko-ad- splints used for the purpose of keeping the ends of
u-nl'shun) [L. co-, with, -|- ad, to, + unus, one.] * a divided bone in place, usually supplemented by
Union or junction, especially of two or more a long splint to prevent leverage.
dissimilar substances in one mass. coarct (ko-arkt') [L. co-, together, + arcUtre, to
coag'ula. Plural of coagulum. press.] To press together.
 ^

COARCTATE COCCYGERECTOR
coarctate (ko-ark'tat) ±. Coarct. z. Pressed to- (Streptococcus),two {Micrococcus), or three
gether. {Sarcina) planes.
coarcta'tion. i. A
narrowing. ^. compression. A coc'cal. Relating to cocci.
coarctotomy (ko-ark-tot'o-mK) [L. coarctum, some- cocci (kok'si). Plural of coccus.
thing pressed together, stenosed, G. tome, + coccidial (kok-sid'1-al). Relating to a protozoan
cutting.] Division of a stricture. of the genus Coccidium-.
coarse. Rough, not fine in texture, c. adjust'- Coccidiidea (kok"sid-I-id'e-ah) An order of Telo-
.

ment, see adjustment. sporidia, the members which are cell-parasites,

of
coarticula'tion. i. A joining together. 2. An with an alternation of sexual and asexual genera-
articulation. tions (sporogony and schizogony).
coat (kot). i^ The outer
covering' or envelope Coccidioides immi'tis (kok-sid-I-oy'dez) fL. cocci-
of an organ or part. One of the layers of
2. dium. + G. eidos, resemblance; L. immitis, rough,
membranous or other tissues forming the wall harsh.] An organism found in certain cutaneous
of a canal or hollow organ tunic. ; and ptilmonary affections with lesions resem-
cobalt (ko'bawlt). A
steel gray metallic element, bling infectious granulomata; it is uncertain
symbol Co, atomic weight 58.97. Its com- whether the organism is a protozoan or a
pounds ailord pigments, the protoxide being the mould.
beautiful cobalt blue. coccidiosis (kok-sid-e-o'sis). The occurrence in
cobaya (ko-ba'yah). Guinea-pig, Cavia cobaya. the liver, usually of the rabbit, of rounded whitish
Cobb's pig'mentary fe'ver. A
fever observed in nodules of variable size situated along the smaller
India, marked by sudden onset and rapid rise bile-ducts; these consist of hypertrophy of the
to 103° or 104°, accompanied with headache and epithelium of the ducts due to inclusions of
nausea or vomiting, and associated with pig- coccidia.
mentation of the nose and cheeks; the fever lasts Coccidium (kok-sid'I-um) [dim. of G. kokkos, berry.]
eight or ten days, but the pigmentation fades A genus of protozoans, order Coccidiidea, many
away very slowly. species of which are parasitic in vertebrates. C.
Cobel'li's glands. Mucous glands in the lower part bigem'inum, a species found in the feces of dogs,
of the esophagus. • cats, and possibly man. C. cunic'uli, a parasite
cobra (ko'brah) [Port, snake, from L. coluber, snake.] in the intestine and liver of rabbits. C. hom'inis,
Naja tripudians. a species, possibly identical with C. cuniculi,
cobra-lecithid (ko"brah-les'e-thid). thermostableA found in the human intestine and liver. C.
combination of cobra-venom and lecithin which ovifor'me, a species found in the intestine and
is actively hemolytic. liver of rabbits, mice, and man, sometimes caus-
cobral'ysin. An hemolysin in cobra venom. ing cystic dilatation of the bile-ducts. C"
co'ca, co'csB fo'lia (Br.). The dried, leaves of per'forans, C. hominis. C. syphil'idis, an
Erythroxylon coca or E. iruxillense, yielding not organism believed by McDonagh to be the patho-
less than 0.5 per cent, of ether-soluble alka- genic agent of syphilis, one stage is its life
loids; the source of cocaine and several other cycle being the Spirochceta pallida.
alkaloids; tonic and stimulant in doses of gr. coccinella (kok-sin-el'ah). Cochineal, coccus(i).*
30—60 (2.0—4.0). coccinellin (kok-sin'el-in). The coloring matter
cocaina (ko-kah-e'na) (U.S. and Br.). Cocaine, derived from cochineal.
methyl-benzoyl-ecgonine, an alkaloid derived coccobacil'lus. A short thick bacillus, of the shape
from coca; formula CijHjiNO^; occurs in large of an oval or slightly elongated coccus. C.
colorless crystals very slightly soluble in water; fcetidus nasi, Perez* bacillus.
local anesthetic, anod3Tie, sedative; internal dose, coccobacte'rium, pi. coccobacie'ria. Coccus (2).
gr. J—J (0.015-0.03). cocai'nse hydrochlo'ridum coccogenous (kok-oj'en-us) [G. kokkos, berry
(U.S. and Br.), cocaine hydrochloride, occurs (coccus), + gennao, I produce.] Caused by
in prisms, leaflets, or crystalline powder; local cocci.
anesthetic, mydriatic, and sedative; internal coccoid (kok'oyd) [coccus -\- G. eidos, resemblance.]
dose gr. }—J (0.015-0.03). Resembling a coccus, especially a micrococcus.
cocaine (ko'kah-en). Cocaina. coc'culus in'dicus [L. dim. of coccus (G. kokkos),
cocainidine (ko-kah-in'I-den). An alkaloid from berry.] (N.F.) Pish berry, Indian berry, the
coca leaves, similar to, but much weaker than, dried fruit of Anamirta cocculus or A. paniculata,
cocaine, and perhaps isomeric with it. a climbing shrub of India, the source of picro-
cocainism (ko'kah-in-izm). The habitual use of toxin.
coc'cus (U.S.), coc'cus cac'ti (Br.). 1. Cochineal
cocaine as an intoxicant.
cocainist (ko'kah-en-ist). One suffering from co- the dried female insect, Pseudococcus cacti, a
caine addiction. source of carmine .employed as a coloring agent
;

cocainiza'tion (ko-kah-en-i-za'shun). Bringing un- in pharmaceutical preparations and as a dye in

der the anesthetic influence of cocaine. histology and bacteriology, z. A bacterium of
•cocainize (ko'kah-en-iz). To render anesthetic by round spheroidal or ovoid form, including micro-
means of cocaine. coccus, gonococcus, meningococcus, staphylococcus,
cocainomania (ko"kah-en-o-ma'ni[-ah). Cocaine ad- streptococcus, and pneumococcus.
diction, the habitual use of cocaine as an intoxi- coccyalgia (kok-sl-al'ji-ah) [G. kokkyx, coccjrx, -I-

cant. algos, pain.] Coccygodynia.

cocainomaniac (ko-kah-en-o-ma'nl-ak). One who coccydyn'ia. Coccygodynia.
is addicted to the use of cocaine as an intoxi-
coccygalgia (kok-sl-gal'ji-ah) [G. kokkyx(kokkyg-),
cant. coccyx, 4- algos, pain.] Coccygodynia.
cocapyrine (ko-kah-pi'ren). A
mixture or com- coccygeal (kok-sij'e-al). Relating to the coccyx
pound of cocaine, i part, and antipyrine, 100 coccygectomy (kok-sI-jek'to-mJ) [G. kokkyx(kokkyg-),
parts; antipyretic and analgesic in doses of gr.
coccyx, -I- ektome, excision.] Removal of the
coccyx.
2-5 (0-I3-0-3)- ^. . .
Musciilus
Cocca'cese. family of Schtzomyceies which m-
A coccygerector (kok-sij-e-rek'tor). ex-
cludes all the
'

spherical cells dividing in one tensor coccygis.

COCCYGEUS 212 CCELARIUM, CELARIUM

coccygeus (kok-sl-je'us). See under musculus. coctola'bile [L. coctus, boiled, + labilis, perishable.]

coccygodynia (kok"sI-go-din'I-ah) [G. kokkyx{kok- Subject to alteration or destruction when ex-

kyg-), coccyx, + odyne, pain.] Neuralgic or posed to the temperature of boiling water.
rheumatic pain in the coccygeal region. coctostabile, coctostable (kok-to-stab'il, kok-to-
boiled, stabilis, stable.]
coccygot'omy [G. kokkyx{kokkyg-) coccyx, + iomg, sta'bl) [L. coctus, -I-

a cutting.] Operation for freeing the coccyx Resisting the temperature of boiling water with-
from its attachments. out alteration or destruction.
coccyodynia (kok"st-o-din'I-ah). Coccygodynia, co'damine. An alkaloid, CjoHjjNOj, derived from
severe pain in the region of the coccyx. the mother liquor of morphine, isomeric with
coccyx, gen. codcygis (kok'siks) [G. kokkyx, a cuckoo, laudanine; occurring in hexagonal crystals.
because of the fancied resemblance of the bone code [L. codex, a tablet for writing on.] A com-
to the bill of this bird.] Os coccygis, the small
pendium of rules, t. of eth'ics.'a conventional
bone at the end of the spinal column in man, set of rules for the guidance of the medical prac-
formed by the fusion of four rudimentary verte- titioner in his professional relations.
brae it articulates above with the sacrum. codeina (ko-de-e'nah) [G. kodeia, poppy-head.]
;

cochia pills (koch'I-ah). Pilute colocynthidis com- (U.S. and Br.) Codeine, an alkaloid, Ci,Hj,NO,
posite (B.P.), compound colocynth pills. -H HjO, obtained from opium or made artificially

Co'chin leg. Elephantiasis. from morphine; it occurs in the form of white

cochineal (koch'in-el) [L. coccineus, scarlet.] Coc- prisms or a crystalline powder; employed as an
cus (i). analgesic and hypnotic and for the relief of cough
cochlea (kok'le-ah) [L. snail shell.] A cone-shaped in doses of gr. J-2 (0.03-0. 13). codei'nae phos'-

cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, phas (U.S. and Br.), codeine phosphate, in white
forming one of the divisions of the labs^rinth or granular soluble crystals; dose, gr. J-2 (0.03-
internal ear; it consists of a spiral canal making 0.13). codei'nae sul'phas (U.S.), codeine sulphate,
two and a half turns around a central core of in white needles or a crystalline powder; dose gr
spongy bone, the modiolus; this spiral canal of i-2 (0.03-0.13).
the cochlea contains the membranous cochlea or codeine (ko'de-Sn). Codeina
ductus cochlearis in which is the organ of Corti, co'deonal. Trade name of a combination of co-
one of the terminal auditory apparatuses. deine and veronal, recommended as an hypnotic.
cochlear (kok'le-ar). Relating to the cochlea. Co'dex medicamenta'rius. The ofScial title of the
cochleare (kok-le-a're) [L.] A spoon, t. am'plum, c. French Pharmacopeia.
mag'num, large spoon, tablespoon, c. me'dium, cod' -liver oil. Oleum morrhuae.
medium-sized spoon, dessertspoon, c. par'vum, co'dol. Retinol.
small spoon, teaspoon. codren'in. Trade name of a mixture of cocaine
Cochlearia (kok-le-a'ri-ah). A genus of plants, hydrochloride and adrenalin chloride, employed
containing C. armora'cia, horseradish, and C. as a hemostatic and local anesthetic.
officinalis, scurvy-grass. coe'cum. Cecum.
cochlearia (kok-le-a'ri-ah). Scurvy-grass, spoon- coefficient (ko-S-fish'ent). The expression of the
wort, the herb Cochlearia officinalis; it resembles amount or degree of any quality possessed by a
horseradish in taste and therapeutic properties. substance, or of the degree of physical or chemical
cochleariform (kok-le-ar'I-form) [L. cochleare, spoon, change normally occurringin that substance under
-I- forma, form.] Spoon-shaped. stated conditions, biolog'ical c, the energy ex-
cochleate (kok'le-at) [L. cochlea, a snail.] Resem- pended by the body at rest. Bouchard's' c, the
bling more or less a snail-shell, noting the ap- proportion of solids to fluid in the. urine. Hy-
pearance of a form of plate culture see cut under
; gien'ic Lab'oratory c, a figure expressing the
colony, X, A. disinfectant value of any substance; it is ob-
cochleitis (kok-le-i'(e')tis) [L. cochlea + G. -itis.'] tained by dividing the figure representing the
Inflammation of the cochlea. weakest dilution of the disinfectant which will
cochleovestibular (kok-le-o-ves-tib'u-lar). Relating kill the typhoid bacillus in 2 J or in i s minutes
to the cochlea and the vestibule of the ear. by that representing the weakest dilution of
cochlitis (kok-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of the phenol which will kill the same organism in
cochlea. the same periods of time, isoton'ic c, the
cocillana (co-sl-lah'nah) . (N.F.) The dried bark amount of salts in the blood plasma, or the
of Guarea rusbyi, a. Bolivia tree employed as an
; amount which must be added to distilled water
expectorant in bronchitis in doses of gr. 15 (l.o), to make an isotonic solution. Lan'cet c, a figure
or of miS-is (0.5-1.0) of the N.F. fluidextract. expressing the disinfecting power of any substance;
'Cock's opera'tion [Edward Cock, English surgeon, it is obtained by dividing the figure representing
1805-1892.] Perineal urethrotomy without a the percentage strength of the weakest killing
guide. dilution of phenol by that representing the per-
cock'roach. A
common insect or black beetle often centage strength of the weakest killing dilution
infesting houses it has been employed in medicine
; of the disinfectant, both at a-J and at 30 minutes.
as a diuretic; see blatia. respi'ratory c, respiratory quotient.* Rid'eal-
COCl. Abbreviation for cathodal opening clonus; Walk'er c, phenol c, a figure expressing the
written also CaOCl. disinfecting power of any substance; it is ob-
cockle (kok'l) [A.S. coccel, tares.] Agrostemma tained by dividing the figure indicating the
(Lychnis) githago. degree of dilution of the disinfectant that kills a
cocoa (ko'ko) [a corruption of cacao.] A substance, microorganism in a given time by that indicating
cacao prasparata (N.P.), and the beverage made the degree of dilution of phenol which kills the
from it, prepared from the seed of cacao or organism in the same space of time under similar
theobroma, in the same way as chocolate, with conditions; see Rideal-W alker method, urotox'ic
all the fat possible expressed. c, the number of urotoxic units per kilogram of
cocoanut (ko'ko-nut). The fruit of a tall palm, body weight, excreted in the 24 hours.
Cocos nucifera, employed as a food, and also in coela'rium, cela'rium. Mesothelium, the epithelial
the manufacture of an oil. lining of the coelom or body cavity in the embryo.
CCELENTERON 213 COLCHICEIN

ccelen'teron [G. koilos, hollow, + enterofii intestine.] cohesive (ko-he'ziv) [L. cokarere, to cohere.]
Archenteron. Sticky, adhesive, noting the property of annealed
coe'liac. Celiac. gold by which the separate particles unite when
cceliadelphus (se-lI-S-del'fus) [G. koilia, belly, + hammered gently to form one homogeneous
adelphos, brother.] A
twin monster with fused mass.
abdomens. C40,H,K(SbO). Tartar emetic, antimonyl-pptas-
cce'lom, ccelo'ma [G. koiloma, a hollow.] i. The sium tartrate.
cavity between the two layers of the mesoderm Cohn's sto'mata. Minute apertures in the walls of
after their union with the ectoderm and entoderm the pulmonary alveoli, possibly artefacts.
respectively. 2. The general body cavity in the Cohn's test [Hermann Ludwig Cohn, German
adult. oculist, *i838.] A test for color vision by means
coelonychia (se-lo-nik'I-ah). Celonychia. of a comparison of embroidery patterns of
cceno'bium. Cenobium. different colors.
coe'nosite. Cenosite. C^OgHJfaK. Potassium and sodium tartrate,
cce'nure. Coenurus cerebralis. Rochelle salt.
Cohnheim's a'reas (kon'him) [Julius Cohnheim,
German pathologist, 1839-1884.] Polygonal mo-
saic-like figures, seen in the cross-section of a
muscle examined under the microscope they are ;

bunches of sarcostyles. C.'s fields, C.'s areas.

C.'s frog, a salt frog*. C.'s the'oiy, the theory
that tumors arise from cell rests, or embryonal
Cceliadelphus. cells left over, as it were, after the development
of the fetus and its organs.
Coenu'rus cerebra'lis. Coenure, the larva of Temia cohoba'tion [L. cohobare, to redistill.] Redistillation
ccenurus; it produces staggers when in the brain of a liquid, to obtain it in still greater purity.
of the sheep, and leaping-ill when in the spinal cohosh'. The Indian name of several unrelated
cord. plants which have been used more or less in medi-
co-enzyme (ko-en'zim). Activator(i). cine, black c, cimicifuga. blue c, Caulophyl-
coetaneous (ko-e-ta'ne-us) [L. co-, cum, with, + lum thalichoides. red c, Actcea rubra, baneberry
(Btas, age.] Of the same age or date. or herb-christopher with red berries; white c,
coferment (ko-fur'ment). Coenzyme. Actcea alba, baneberry with white berries.
coffee (kof!, kawfl). The seed of the berry of coil [L. colligere, to collect.] A
structure consist-
Coffea arabica; it is the source of the alkaloid ing of a series of windings forming a ring or spiral.
caffeine; roasted coffee is official in the N.F. as c. gland, sweat gland, glandula* glomiformis.
coffea tosta. Soudan' c, cola. induc'tion c, see under induction.
coffee-ground vom'it. A form of black vomit; a coin-counting (koyn'kownt-ing). A sliding move-
dark brown or blackish material, resembling ment of the tips of the thumb and index-finger,
coffee-grounds in color and consistency, vomited occurring as a form of tremor in paralysis
in cases of cancer of the stomach and other agitans,
diseases. coinosite (koy'no-slt). Cenosite.
coS'er-dam. In dentistry a thin sheet of rubber coin sign or test. Bellmetal resonance.*
tissue adjusted around the neck of a tooth so as coinsurance (ktf-in-shu'rans). Insurance jointly by
to prevent the access of saliva to the part oper- two or more companies.
ated upon; also called rubber-dam. Colter's mus'cle. See Koyter.
coff'in. The hollow part of the hoof of a horse; coition (ko-ish'on) [coire, to come together,] Coitus,
the entire hoof below the coronet inclusive of the sexual iritercourse.
coffin bone. coitophobia (ko-I-to-fo'M-ah) [L. coitus, sexual
coff'iu-bone. The third or imgual phalanx in the intercourse, + G. phobos, fear.] An unreasoning
foot of the horse, os pedis or foot bone; it is com- apprehension or fear of the sexual act.
pletely inclosed by the hoof to which it bears a coitus (kol-tus) [L.] Copulation, coition, sexual
resemblance in form. union.
cofi'in-joint. The navicular joint of a horse, be- cola (ko'lah). Kola (N.F.), the dried cotyledons
tween the coronary and coffin bones. of Cola vera or C. acuminata {SiercuUa acu-
cog [Celtic] One of a series of teeth or projections minata) ; the drug contains caffeine, theobromine,
on a wheel or other part of machinery; used and a soluble principle, colatin; employed as a
figuratively in the sense of an interruption to the cardiac and nerve stimulant in doses of gr. 20—40
regular course of any action, respi'ratory c, a (1.3-2.6), or 5 1 (4-0,) of the N.F. fluid-extract.
sudden brief halt in either inspiration or expira- colal'gia [G. kolon, colon, + algos, pain.] Colic;
tion. /
pain in the colon.
cognac (ko'nyak) [Cognac, a district in Prance.] A co'lanin. A yellowish powder composed of a
fine French brandy. mixture of with magnesium carbonate;
bile acids
COH.CClj. Chloral. recommended in the treatment of cholelithiasis
Co'hen's test. For albumin in the urine if albumin
: in doses of gr. \-\ (0.015-0.03).
is present a precipitate is
formed upon the colasa'ya. Trade name of a tonic of calisaya bark,
addition to the urine, acidulated with acetic cola, iron, and phosphates.

acid, of a mixture of solutions of lead iodide

and cola'tion [L. colore, to strain.] Straining, filtering.
bismuth iodide. colatorium (ko-lah-to'rJ-um) [L. a filter, strainer.]
cohesion (ko-he'zhun) [L. toharere, to stick together.] Hypophysis cerebri.

I. The power of attraction between

the molecules colchicein (kol'chis-e-in). A derivative, CjiHj,-
of any substance keeping the mass from falling
NO, + iHjO, obtained from colchicum by
hydrolysis; occurs in yellowish white powder or
apart. 2. The attraction between two masses
acicular crystals; used in gout in doses of gr.
of the same substance which permits them to
be
(0.0005-0.001).
welded together into one mass. ll-is-STS
COLCmCINA 2,14 COLIPLICATION

colchicina (kol-che-se'nah). (U.S.) Colchicine, col'ic [G. kolikos, relating to the colon.] i. Relat-
CjjHjjNO,, an alkaloid, obtained from colchicum, ing to the colon. 2. Spasmodic pains in the
occurring in the form of a pale yellow crystalline abdomen; appendic'ular u., pain in
enteralgia.
powder or scales, employed in gout in doses of the appendix vermiformis, occasioned by oc-
gr- jiini-!! (0.0004-0.0006). clusion of its mouth or by fibrous involutionary
colchicine (kol'che-sen). Colchicina. changes, bil'iary c, intense pain caused by the
colchicum (kol'chi-kum) (U.S.). Meadow saffron, passage or impaction of a gallstone in the cystic or
the dried corm (col'ckici cor'mus, U.S. and Br.), hepatic duct, bil'ious c, more or less severe pain
and the seed (col'ckici se'ynen, U.S., col' chid accompanying acute indigestion, diarrhea, and
sem'ina, Br.), of Colchicum auiumnale, an herb the presence of bile in the stools and vomitus.
of central and southern Europe; employed copp'er c, an affection similar to lead c. occurring
chiefly in the treatment of gout; dose of either in chronic poisoning by copper. Dev'onshire c,
corm or seeds, gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). The oflEicial lead c. gas'tric c, gastralgia. hepat'ic c, hepat-
preparations (U.S. and Br.) are a tincture made algia; biliary c. hill c, hill diarrhea, a diarrhea

from the seeds, an extract from the corm, a wine common among those going to the hill country in
from the seed (U.S.) or corm (Br.), and a fiuid- India after a long stay in the hot regions, lead c,
-extract from the seed (U.S.). severe abdominal pain, with constipation, symp-
col'chisal. Colchisine and cannabis indica dissolved tomatic of lead poisoning, meco'nial c, abdomi-
in methyl salicylate and evaporated to an amor- nal pain of newborn infants, mu'cous c, muco-
phous yellow powder; employed in gout in dose membranous enteritis*, mucous colitis, nephrit'ic
.of ihsS^- (0.0006). c, pain occasionally present in cases of acute
(i)
col'cothar [L.] Red oxide of iron, ferri* oxidum renal inflammation; (2) renal c. ova'rian c, ova-
rubrum. rian neuralgia or pain due to a neoplasm or any
cold. I. The opposite of heat; the sensation pro- other disease of the ovaries, pain'ter's c, lead c.
duced by anything of a low temperature, or by pancreat'ic c, severe pain, simulating biliary c,
the abstraction of heat from the body. 2. A caused by the passage of a pancreatic concretion.
catarrhal affection, especially of the respiratory pseudomem'branous c, mucous c. re'nal c,
mucous membranes, c. in the head, coryza, severe pain caused by the passage of a calculus
rhinitis, c. on the chest, bronchitis. through the ureter, sabur'ral c, bilious c.
cold-xi'gor point. The degree of lowered tempera- sal'ivary c, periodical attacks of pain in the
lure at which the activity of a cell ceases and it region of a salivary duct or gland, accompanied
passes into the narcotic or hibernating state. by an acute swelling of the gland, occurring in
cold-sore. Herpes labialis. cases of salivary calculus, sat'umine c, lead c.
Cold Sulphur Springs, Virginia. Sulphated-sul- Bter'coral c, pain induced by fecal obstruction in
phureted-alkaline-chalybeate waters, 50° F. Gas- the intestine. tuTjal c, pain due to spasmodic
tric, intestinal, hepatic, and renal diseases. contraction of the oviduct excited by a blood
Cole's din'ner pill (N.F.). Purified aloes, mass clot or a bit of mucus in the tubes, u'terine c,
of mercury, and jalap each gr. 1^ (0.08), anti- painful cramps of the uterine muscle sometimes
mony and potassium tartrate, gr. -^-^ (0.0013). occurring at the menstrual period, vermic'ular
colec'tomy [G. kolon, colon, + ektomS, excision.] c, appendicular c.
Excision of a segment or all of the colon. col'ica. 1. A colic artery, see under arteria. 2.
Coleman-Schafier di'et (kol'man-shaf'er) [Warren Colic, abdominal jjain. c. hepat'ica, biliary
Coleman, New York physician, *i869.] diet A colic, c. menstrua'lis, dysmenorrhea, c. muco'-
for typhoid-fever patients; it is rich in protein sa, mucomembranous picto'num,
enteritis, t.
with high carbohydrate ratio and a moderate c. picto'rum, painter's colic, c. scorto'rum,
amount of fat, consisting chiefly of cocoa, eggs, prostitutes' colic, abdominal pain occurring in
cream, bread and butter, and milk sugar; the food prostitutes, attributed variously to neuralgia of
is given in small quantities at frequent intervals.
the hypogastric plexus, to salpingitis, or to other
Cole'manville Mineral Springs, Virginia. Mild alka- inflammatory conditions of the internal genital
line-saline, and mild alkaline-chalybeate waters. organs.
Eighty-seven springs. Gastroenteric troubles,
colicolitis (ko-ll-ko-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of the
hepatic and renal disorders, and general debility.
colon due to the action of Bacillus coli.
coleocele (ko'le-o-sel) [G. koleos, sheath, -f kele,
colicoplegia (kol"I-ko-ple'jI-ah) [G. kolikos, colic,
tumor.] Colpocele.
coleocystitis (ko-le-o-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. koleos, sheath,
+ plege, stroke.] Lead poisoning marked by
both colic and palsy.
+ kystis, bladder, + -itis.l Inflammation of
both vagina and bladder. col'ic-root. Dioscorea.
coleot'omy [G. koleos, sheath, + tomS, incision.] i.
colicystitis (ko"li-sis-ti'(te')tis) [coli bacillus + cys-
Incision into the pericardium. 3. Colpotomy.
titis.] Inflammation of the bladder caused by
coles (ko'lez) [L.] Penis, c. femini'nus, clitoris.
the Bacillus coli.

Co'ley's ilu'id, C.'s mixed tox'ins [William B. Coley, colicystopyelitls (ko"le-sis''to-pi-«-li'(le')tis). In-
New York surgeon, *i862.] A
mixture of steri- flammation of the pelvis of the kidney and the
lized cultures of Streptococcus erysipelatos and bladder caused by the presence of the colon
Bacillus prodigiosus, in the proportion of 100 bacillus.
to 30, with 20 of glycerin; employed in the treat- coUform (ko'll-form) [coK-bacillus L. forma, +
ment of inoperable sarcoma in hypodermic doses form.] Resembling the colon bacillus, belonging
of nti (o.ors) gradually increased. to the coli-group.
colibaciUary (ko-le-bas'il-a-re). Relating to Bacil- co'li-group. A group of allied bacteria, including
lus coli. the typhoid, paratyphoid, and paracolon bacilli,
colibacilluria (ko-li-bas-il-u'ri-ah) ^colibacillus G. + B. psittacosis, and B. coli.
ouron, urine.] The presence of colon bacilli in co"li-infec'tion. Infection with the colon bacillus.
the urine when voided. colil'ysin. An hemolysin formed by Bacillus coli.
colibacillus (ko"le-ba-sil'us). Colon bacillus, Bcu:il- colione (kol'I-an). Colyone.
lus coli. coliplication (ko-ll-pli-ka'shun) [colon + plication.]
 ; .

>LIPLICATION 2IS COLLODIUM

i.noperation for reducing the lumen of a dilated colliculitis (kol-Iik-u-li'(le')tis) [L. colliculus, mound,
olon by making folds or tucks in its walls. + G. -itis.'l Inflammation of the urethra in the
puncture (ko-H-pung'chur). Puncture of the region of the verumontanum (colliculus seminalis)
olon to relieve gaseous distention, colocentesis. collic'ulus [L. mound, dim. of collis, hill.] In
tis (ko-li'(le')tis) [G. kolon + -itis.] Inflamma- anatomy, a, small elevation above the surround-
ion of the mucous membrane of the colon, mu- ing parts. 0. facia'lis, facial hillock, a flat thick
ous c, colic myxoneurosis; an affection of the portion of the eminentia medialis, just above the
aucous membrane of the coloh, characterized by strise meduUares in the rhomboidal fossa; it is
[lore or less colicky pain, constipation or diarrhea, formed by the internal genu of the facial nerve.
ometimes alternating, and the passage of slimy c. infe'rior [BNA], inferior hillock, posterior body,
iseudomembranous shreds and patches, pseudo- testis, the posterior of the quadrigeminal bodies
aem'branous c, mucous c. on either side, composed chiefly of gray matter
uria (ko-li-u'ri-ah). Colibacilluria. with a white capsule; it is smaller than the c.
%'mia. CoUemia. superior, c. semina'lis [BNA], verumontanum,
laform. Glutoform. caput gallinaginis, an elevated portion of the
,'agen [G. kolla, glue, + gennao, I produce.] An crista urethralis about the center of the pars
Ibuminoid present in connective bone tissue, prostatioa, on either side of which open the pros-
ossein), and cartilage (c/joKd««) on boiling with
; tatic ducts, t. supe'rior [BNA], superior
rater it is converted into gelatin. hillock, anterior body, natis, the anterior of the
agen'ic. Producing gelatin, noting the tissues quadrigeminal bodies on either side; it consists
ontaining collagen. of four layers or strata named, from above
apse' [L. collabi, to fall together.] i. A con- downward, stratum zonale, cinereum, opticum,
lition of extreme prostration, similar to shock and lemnisci. c. urethra'lis, c. seminalis.
,nd due to the same causes, often with the added collidine (kol'i-den). A ptomaine obtained from
aoment of a great loss of fluid, as in cholera. 2. decomposing glue, occurring as an oily colorless
!'o fall into a state of profound physical depres- liquid, of pleasant odor, but toxic, CsHnN.
ion. 3. A falling together of the walls of a col'lier's lung. Anthracosis.
tructure. purmonary c, post-natal atelectasis. Collier's tract (kol'yur). The tegmental p'ortion
I'ar-bone. Clavicle. of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis.
lai'gol, coUar'golum. A trade name for colloidal coU'iform. Trade name of a mixture of gelatin and
ilver, an allotropic form of silver, soluble in water formaldehyde employed in antiseptic dressings.
imployed in septic conditions in dose of gr. J coU'in. The diflfusible form of gelatin, the type of
0.02), or hypodermically in doses of 8 to 30 the colloids(3).
ninims (0.5—2.0) of a 1-200 solution, collinso'ma [Peter Collinson, English botanist,
lat'eral [L. coU, together, + lateralis, relating to 1694-1768.] Citronella, stonewort, the herb
he side.] Accompanying, running by the side
i . Collinsonia canadensis, astringent, tonic, diuretic,
if. 2. Secondary or subordinate. 3. Of indirect, and diaphoretic; employed in eclectic practice
descent or ascent. 4. A secondary or
lot lineal, in the treatment of clergyman's sore throat,
iccessory blood-vessel or nerve accompanying digestive and urinary disorders, and hemorrhoids,
he main stem. c. bun'dle, c. circula'tion, c. in doses of nRio-15 (0.6-1.0) of the specific
m'inence, c. lig'aments, etc., see the nouns. preparation in syrup or water.
lec'tive [L. collectus: con-, together, + legere, to collin'sonin. An extract of collinsonia, employed
;ather.] Relating to a number of individuals to meet the same indications as the crude drug,
aken together or acting in unison, c. fruit, a in doses of gr. 2-3 (0.13—0.2).
aass formed of the fruits of several neighboring Collin's os'teoclast(k6-lan') [Collin, instrument
lowers, like the pineapple or fig. c. investiga'tion, maker of Paris, contemporary.] An apparatus
n inquiry into any subject conducted by a for fracturing a bone at any desired point, used in
ociety or voluntary association, each member of the correction of knock-knee. See cut under
rhich fills up a blank form containing questions osteoclast.
elating to the matter under investigation; these coUiquation (koH-kwa'shun) [L. col-, together, -t-
nswers are received by a committee whose -duty liquare, to cause to melt.] i. Excessive dis-

t is to compare and tabulate them, and to formu- charge of fluid. 2. Softening. 3. Wasting away.
ite deductions and conclusions based upon balloon'ing c, edematous softening followed by
hem. liquefaction of the cell protoplasm, retic'ulat-
e'mia, coUae'mia [colloid + G. haima, blood.] ing c, incomplete ballooning c, in which trabec-
"he presence of matter, especially urates, in col- ul£e form in the protoplasm connecting the
3idform in the blood. nucleus and cell mantle.
'les-Beaumte law [See Beaumh.'\ Same as colliquative (k6-lik'wa-tiv). Noting a, discharge,
k>lles's* law. liquid in character and excessive in amount, as a
'les's fas'cia [Abraham
Irish surgeon,
Colles, c. diarrhea or a c. sweat.

773-1843.] The deeper

layer of the perineal coUo'dion. CoUodium. blis'tering c, coUodium
iscia. C.'s frac'ture, a fracture of the lower end cantharidatum. canthar'idal c, coUodium can-
f the radius with displacement of the hand back- tharidatum. contrac'tile c, coUodium. flex'ible
ward and outward, an extension fracture; a c, coUodium flexile, hemostat'ic c, coUodium
exion fracture in the same location is sometimes stypticum styp'tic c, coUodium stypticum.

ailed a reversed Colles' fracture. C.'s law, the collo'dium [G. holla, glue, -F eidos, appearance.]
lother of a syphilitic infant, though she herself (U.S. and Br.) Collodion, made by dissolving
as never had any sjTnptoms of the disease, is pyroxylin, or gun-cotton, 40, in ether 750, and
nmune. C.'s lig'ament, C.'s reflex ligament, alcohol 250; in the B.P. the proportions are 1,
gamentum* inguinale reflexum. C.'s space, 36, and 12, respectively; on evaporation it leaves
lie region beneath the perineal fascia which a glossy contractile film; employed as a protec-
Dntains the bulbous urethra, in the male, the tive to cuts or as a vehicle for the local applica-
osterior scrotal or labial vessels and nerves, tion of medicinal substances, c. cantharida'tum
(U.S.), c. vesicans (Br.), cantharidal coUodion,
nd certain of the perineal muscles.
COLLODIUM 216 COLOCLYSTER

blistering collodion, composed of a. powdered collo'ma, pi. collo'maia [G. kolla, glue, 4- -oma.]

chloroform extract of cantharides 60, in flexible A cancer which has undergone colloid degenera-
collodion 85 employed externally as a blistering
;
tion.
fluid, c. elas'ticum, c. flexile, c. flex'ile (U.S. coUone'ma, pi. collone'mata [G. holla, glue, +
and Br.), flexible collodion, made by adding nema, yam.] Myxoma.
castor oil 30, Canada turpentine 3°. to coUo- collopex'ia [L. collum, neck, -f G. pSxis, fixation.]
dium 920; the B. P. has i castor oil, 3 Canada Trachelopexia.
turpentine, and 48 collodium; used for the same coUox'ylin [G. kolla, glue, +
xylinos, woody.]

purposes as collodium, over which its film Pyroxylin.

possesses the advantage for certain cases of not col'lum [L.] i. The neck. 2. A
constricted or
contracting, c. haemostat'icum, c. stypticum. neck-like portion of any organ or other anatomi-
cal structure, t. anatom'icum, anatomical neck
c. io'di (N.P.), iodized collodion; a s per cent,
solution of iodine in flexible collodion; counter- of the humerus, a groove separating the head
irritant, c. iodofor'mi (N.F.), iodoform-coUo- from the tuberosities, giving attachment to the
dion; a 5 per cent, solution of iodoform in flexible capsular ligament, c. chirur'gicum, surgical
collodion, employed locally, c. salicyl'ici com- neck of the humerus, the narrowing portion below
pos'itum (N.F.), compound salicylated collo- the head and tuberosities, c. cos'ta [BNA],
dion; salicylic acid 11, extract of Indian hemp neck of the rib, the flattened portion of a rib
2, alcohol 10, flexible collodion to make 100; between the head and the tuberosity, c.
employed externally for the removal of corns. den'tis [BNA], neck of a tooth, the slightly
t. styp'tlcum (N.F.), styptic collodion, styptic constricted part of a tooth, between the crown
colloid, collodium haemostaticum, xylostyptic and the root, which is grasped by the gum.
ether; made of tannic acid 20, in flexible collo- t. fem'oris [BNA], neck of the femur, a short

dion 80; employed as an astringent and local strong bar projecting at a more or less obtuse
hemostatic, c. tig'lii (N.F.), croton-oil collo- angle (about 125°) from the upper end of the
dion; a, 10 per cent, solution of croton oil in shaft of the femur, and supporting the head.
flexible collodion; counterirritant. c. vesi'cans c. glan'dis [BNA], neck of the glans penis, a

(Br.), c. cantharidatum. constriction behind the corona glandis penis.

coU'ogen. Collagen. c. hu'meri, neck of the humerus; see c. anatom-

colloid (kol'loyd) [G. kolla, glue, eidos,+ appear- icum and c. chirurgicum. c. mandib'uls, neck
ance.] I. Glue-like. 2. A
translucent, yellow- of the condyloid process of the lower jaw. c.

ish, homogeneous material of the consistency of ra'dii [BNA], neck of the radius, the narrow
glue, less fluid than mucoid or mucinoid, found in part of the shaft just below the head or capitu-
the cells and tissues in a state of colloid degenera- lum c. scap'ulee [BNA], neck of the scapula,
tion. 3. A substance such as gelatin (coUin) or a slight constriction marking the division be-
the cytoplasm, which, by reason of the size of its tween the head (glenoid cavity and coracoid
molecules, is slowly diffusible 'rather than soluble process) and the body of the scapula, t. ta'li
in water, its hydrates being gelatinous in consist- [BNA], a constriction separating the head, or
ence, and is incapable of passing through an ani- anterior portion, of the astragalus from the
mal membrane. 4. Colloidal metal.* am'yl c, body. c. vesi'cs f ell'ese [BNA], neck of the gall-
anodyne c. an'odyne «., amyl c, amyl hydride bladder, the narrow portion between the body
and absolute alcohol, each J ounce, aconitine 1 gr., of the bladder and beginning of the cystic duct.
veratrine 6 grs., collodion 2 ounces; used as a local collunarium (kol"lu-na'ri-um) [L. colluere, to rinse,
application for neuralgia and muscular pains, t. -t- nares, nostrils.] A
nose-wash, nasal douche.
degenera'tion, see degeneration, c. degen'eTation coUuto'rium [L.] CoUutory, mouth wash, gargle.
of the skin, c. milium, hyaloma.* c. solu'tion, c. acidi benzo'ici, Miller's coUutory, contains
dispersoid or emulsoid, an apparent solution benzoic acid gr. 3, tincture of krameria
S^i-
of any colloid substance, disper'sion c, peppermint oil and cinnamon each njjs, sac-
oil
dispersoid. emul'sion c, emulsoid, a colloid, charin gr. 8, in alcohol 3i; used as a mouth wash
solution in which the substance is in the form in the strength of 30 drops (2 o) in a half tumbler
.

of exceedingly minute film-covered droplets, (54) of water.

infinitely smaller than those of an emulsion, coll'utory [L. colluere, to rinse.] CoUutorium.
the solution being more or less viscid, hy'- collyr'ium [G. kollyrion, an eyesalve.] i. An
drophile or hydrophil'ic c, emulsion c, emul- eyewash. 2. A suppository (obsolete).
soid.* hydrophb'bic c, dispersoid. irrever'- coloboma (kol-o-bo'mah) [G. koloboma, an imper-
sible c, one which is not again soluble in water fection.] Any defect, congenital, pathological, or
after having been dried at ordinary tempera- artificial,especially of the eye. c. lob'uli, con-
ture, lyophil'ic i;., emulsion c. lyopho'bic 1;., genital fissure of the lobule of the ear. c. of the
suspension c. protec'tive c, a c. which has cho'rioid, a congenital defect of the chorioid and
the power of preventing the precipitation of retina, seen as a white patch (the exposed sclera)
suspension colloids under the influence of an usually situated below the optic disc, causing a
electrolyte, revei'sible c, one which is again scotoma in that region, t. of the i'ris, a congeni-
soluble in water after having been dried at tal cleft of the iris, often associated with c. of the
ordinary temperature, sta'ble c, reversible c. chorioid, or the defect resulting from iridectomy.
styp'tic c, collodium stypticum. suspen'sion colocentesis (ko"lo-sen-te'sis) [G. kolon, colon, -I-
c, suspensoid, a colloid solution in which the kentesis, puncture.] A
puncture of the colon to
particles are solid and have no attraction for the relieve distention.
fluid in which they are suspended, unsta'ble c, colocholecystostomy (ko'lo - ko - le - sis - tos'to - ml).
irreversible c. Cholecystocolostomy.
coUoid'al. Colloid(i). Relating to colloid(2 or 3), coloclysis (ko-lok'li-sis) [G. kolon, colon, + klysis, a
coll'oidin. Colloid(2). washing out.] Coloclyster.
colloidogen (kol-loy'do-jen). A hypothetical sub- coloclyster (ko-lo-klis'ter) [G. kolon, colon, -I-

stance assumed to maintain the inorganic con- klyster,enema.] A high enema; an injection
stituents of the body in colloid solution. through the rectum into the colon.
 ;;

.OCOLOSTOMY 217 COLOR

olostomy (ko-lo-ko-los'to-ml) [G. kolon, colon, colohepatopexy (ko-lo-hep'a-to-pek"sl) [G. kolon,

holon, colon, + stoma, mouth.] The estab- colon, +
hlparQiepat-), liver, + pSxis, fixation.]
iment of a communication between two non- Attachment of the colon to the liver to form pro-
itinuous segments of the colon, tective adhesions after gall-bladder operations.
cynth [G. kolokynthis.] Colocynthis. colom'ba. Calumba.
ynthein (kol-o-sin'the-in). A resinous sub- Colom'bo fe'ver [Colombo, the capital of Ceylon.]
ince obtained by treating colocynthin with A mild fever resembling paratyphoid, occurring
acid. in Ceylon; see under /e»er.
yn'thidis pul'pa (Br.). See colocynthis. co'lon [G. kolon.] The division of the large intestine
yn'thin. A
glucoside, CtjH.jOj,, from colo- extending from the cecum to the rectum. The
nth, occurs in the form of an amorphous yellow ascending c. (c. ascendens) runs upward on the right
wder; has been employed hypodermically of the abdomen to the under surface of the liver,
a purgative in dose of gr. i (o.oi). where, at the hepatic flexure (flexura coli dextra),
;yn'this, gen. colocyn'thidis (U.S.). Colocyn- it becomes transverse (c. transversum.) and crosses
idis pulpa (Br.), bitter apple, colocynth, the the abdomen, beneath the liver and stomach, to
eled dried fruit of Citrullus colocynthis, an herb the spleen, where, at the splenic flexure (flexura
the sandy shores of the Mediterranean, resem- coli sinistra) it turns downward (c. descendens)
ing somewhat the watermelon plant; a hy- and descends on the left side of the abdomen to a
agogue cathartic in doses of gr, 1-5 (o 06-0 3) . . ; point opposite the crest of the ilium here it makes
;

several turns, roughly resembling the letter S

(c. sigmoideum, sigmoid flexure) and terminates
in the rectum. <:. ili'acum, the iliac colon, that
portion of the sigmoid flexure which lies in the
left iliac fossa, c. pelvi'num, pelvic colon, the
lower portion of the sigmoid flexure, lying in the
pelvis, c. sigmoid'eum [BNA], sigmoid flexure.
colonalgia (ko-lon-al'jl-ah) [G. kolon, colon, algos, +
pain.] Colic; pain in the colon.
Colo'nial Springs, N. Y. Light alkaline-chalybeate
waters, employed in renal and cystic disorders.
colon'ic. Relating to the colon.
colonitis (ko-lon-i'(e')tis). Colitis.
colonization (kol"o-m-za'shun) [L. colonia, colony.]
Innidiation.
colon'oscope. An elongated rectal speculum.
colonos'copy [G. kolon, colon, + skopeo, I view.]
Inspection of the upper portion of the rectum by
means of an elongated speculum.
col'ony [L. colonial] One of a number of groups of
bacteria growing on a culture medium, each one
due to the multiplication of an individual germ.
colpoez'ia [G. kolon, colon, +
pexis, fixation.]
Attachment of a portion of the colon to the ab-
dominal wall.
colopexos'tomy [G. kohn, colon, + pexis, fixation, -1-
stoma, mouth.] The establishment of an arti-
ficial anus by opening into the colon after its
fixation to the abdominal wall.
colopexot'omy [G. kolon, colon, -I- pexis, fixation,
+ tome, incision.] Incision into the colon after
' \ L_l_jL_i_I 1 " ^ I • ^ its fixation to the abdominal wall.
co'lopexy. Colopexia.
corophene. An aromatic colorless oil obtained by
the distillation of oil of turpentine with a strong
acid.
col'ophony [Kolophon, Summit, a town in Ionia.]
Rosin, resina.*
coloproctitis [G. kolon, colon,-t- proktos, anus (rec-

tum), + -itis.] Inflammation of both colon and

TERiAL Colonies : i Type of colomes: A, coohleate
.

,ameboid; C, rhizoid; D, mycelioid; E, filamentous; rectum; proctocolitis.

curled. 2. Structure of colonies: A, conglomerate; coloproctostomy (ko-lo-prok-tos'to-ml) [G. kolon,
toruloid or toruliform; C, alveolate; D, grumose in colon, + proktos, anus (rectum), -I- 5toma, mouth.]
inter; E, moruloid; F, clouded; G, reticulate; H,
armorated; I, gyrose. 3. Borders of colonies: a, Establishment of a communication between the
itire; b, undulate; c, repand; d, lobate-lobulate;
e, rectum and a segment of the colon not continuous
lacerate; g, fimbriate; h, ciliate; i, erose.
iriculate; f, with it.
'rem Chester's "A Manual of Determinative Bacten- coloptosia (ko-Iop-to'sl-ah) [G. kolon, colon, +
ogy," The Macmillan Company, Publishers.)
ptosis, a falling.] Downward
displacement, or
prolapse, of the colon, especially of the trans-
le extract is official in U.S., the compound-ex-
verse portion.
act in U. S. and Br., pilula colocynthidis compo-
color (kul'or) [L.] Hue, the quality other than
ta and pilula colocynthidis et hyoscyami in Br.
the com- shape and texture which an object presents to
also enters into the composition of
the eye. complemen'tary col'ors, two primary
Dund cathartic and vegetable cathartic pills of
colors which, when combined, produce white
le U.S.P.
Enterocolitis. light, pri'mary c, one of the seven colors com-
ienteritis (ko-lo-en-ter-i'(e')tis).
 . .

COLOR 218 COLPOPERINEORRHAPHY

posing the solar spectrum; violet, indigo, blue, + -iiis.] Inflammation of the mucous mem-
green, yellow, orange, red. sim'ple c, primary c. brane of the vagina, c. emphysemato'sa, inflam-
mation of the vagina in which the mucous mem-
absence, achroma, achromia, chanee, metachrosis, brane is studded with small gas-cysts.
metachromatism, metachromasia, achromasia, achro-
matosis, albinism, leucopathy. deficiency, hypochromia, colpocele (kol'po-sel) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), -|-
disordered perception, chromatodysopia, chromatopsia- kele, tumor,] Elytrocele a hernia or any tumor
;

chromopsia, dyschromatopsia, color-blindness, achri, projecting into the vagina.

tochromasy, daltonism, diversity of, heterochromia,
pleochromia, pleochroism. increase, hyperchromatism. colpoceliot'omy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + koilia,
hyperchromia, hyperchromatosis. measurement, color- belly, -f tome, incision.] Abdominal section
imetry, chromometry, chromatometry. measurement through the vagina.
of sense of, chromatoptometry, chromoptometry, chro-
moscopy. subjective sensation, phose, chromophose; colpocleisis (kol-po-kli'sis) [G, kolpos, sinus, vagina,
associated ivith other sensations, chromesthesia, pseudo- -t- kleio, I close.] Operation for obliterating
geusesthesia, phonopsia, pseudochromesthesia, pseudo-
the lumen of the vagina.
photesthesia, echophotony.
colpocystitis (kol-po-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. kolpos, sinus
col'or-blind"ness. Achromatopsia, daltonism, loss (vagina), + kystis, bladder, -I- -iiis.'\ Inflamma-
of perception of colors, usually of only one or two tion of both vagina and bladder.
of the primary colors (red, green, or blue). colpocystocele (kol"po-sis'to-sel) [G. kolpos, sinus
colorectitis (ko-lo-rek-ti'(te')tis) [G. kdlon, colon, (vagina), +kystis, bladder, -I- kele, hernia.]
+ L. rectmn +
G. -itis^ Coloproctitis, procto- Prolapse of the bladder into the vagina.
colitis. colpocys'toplasty [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), +
colorectos'tomy . Coloproctostomy kystis, bladder, + plasso, I mould.] The opera-
col'or-hearing. A
variety of synesthesia in which tive treatment of vesicovaginal fistula.
a subjective sensation of color is caused by sound; colpocystosyrinz (kol-po-sis-to-sir'inks). [G. kolpos,
or the reverse, phonopsia. sinus (vagina), -f- kystis, bladder, -+- syrinx,
colorim'eter [L. color +
G. metron, measure.] pipe.] Vesicovaginal fistula.
Chromatometer. colpocystot'omy [G. kolpos, vagina, + kystis,
col'or-indez. "Valeur globulaire," C.I., a formula bladder, + tom-e, incision.] Incision into the
indicating the amount of hemoglobin in each bladder through the vagina.
colpocysto-ureterotomy (kol"po-sis"to-u-re"te-rot'o-
erythrocyte = - in which h stands for the esti-
ml) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), -(- kystis, bladder,

mated percentage of hemoglobin, and c equals + +

tome, incision.]
oureter, ureter, Incision into
the number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter the ureter by way of the vagina and the bladder.
divided by 5,000,000; the average C.I. is about colpodesmorrhaphy (kol"po-dez-mor'a-fl) [G. kolpos,
0.85. sinus (vagina) 4- desmos, band
, +rhaphe, sewing.]
col'or-rad"icle.Chromophore, one of the constit- Repair of a ruptured vaginal sphincter.
uents of an aniline dye upon which its specific colpodynia (kol-po-din'i-ah) [G. kolpos, vagina, -|-
color depends. odyne, pain.] Neuralgic pain in the vagina,
col'or-taste. Aform of synesthesia in which the vaginodynia.
color-sense and taste are associated, stimulation colpohyperplasia (kol-po-hi"pur-pla'zl-ah) [G. kolpos,
of either inducing a subjective sensation on the sinus (vagina), -I- hyper, overmuch, + ptosis, a
part of the other as well, pseudogeusesthesia. forming.] A condition marked by thickening of
colostomy (ko-Ios'to-ml) [G kdlon, colon, stoma, + the vaginal mucous membrane, c. cys'tica, an
mouth.] Establishment of an artificial anus by infectious form, occurring usually in pregnancy,
an opening into the colon. in which the thickened mucous membrane is
colostra'tion. Infantile diarrhea attributed to the studded with retention cysts. 0. emphysemato'sa,
action of the colostrum. v;. cystica in which the fluid in the cysts is partly

colos'tric. Relating to the colostrum. or wholly replaced by a gas.

colostroirhea, colostrorrhoea (ko-los-tror-re'ah) [L. colpohysterect'omy. Hysterectomy, performed
colostrum + G. rhoia, fiow.] An abnormally pro- through the vagina.
fuse secretion of colostrum. colpohysteropexy (kol-po-his'ter-o-pek-sl) [G. kolpos,
colos'trous. Relating to colostrum. sinus (vagina), + hysiera, uterus, -f- pexis, fixa-
colostrum (ko-los'trum) [L.] A
thin, white, opales- tion.] An operation for fixation of the uterus,
cent fluid, the first milk secreted at the termination performed through the vagina.
of pregnancy; it differs from the milk secreted colpohysterorrhaphy (kol"po-his"ter-or'a-fI) [G. kol-
later in containing more lactalbumin and lacto- pos, vagina, + hystera, uterus, +
rhaphe, a sew-
protein. c. cor'puscle, one of numerous bodies ing.] Colpohysteropexy.
present in the colostrum they are supposed to be
; colpohysterot'omy. Incision into the uterus, as for
modified leucocytes containing fat droplets; the removal of a fibroma, through the vagina.
galactoblast. colpomyco'sis. Inflammation of the vagina caused
colot'omy [G. kdlon, colon, -I- tome, incision.] by the presence of Leptothrix vaginalis.
Incision into the colon colpomyomectomy (kol-po-mi"o-mek'to-mI) [G.
coloty'phoid feVer. Typhoid fever in which there kolpos, sinus (vagina), + myoma + ekiome, ex-
is a special involvement with ulceration of the cision.] Removal of a myoma of the uterus
colon through the vagina.
colpatresia (kol-pS-tre'zr-ah) [G. kolpos, sinus colpomyomot'omy. Colpomyomectomy.
(vagina), + atretos, imperforate.] Imperf ora- colpop'athy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), -I- pathos,
tion or occlusion of the vagina. suiifering.] Any disease of the vagina.
colpeuiynter (kol"pu-rin'ter) [G. kolpos, sinus colpoperine'oplasty [Q kolpos, sinus (vagina), -1-
(vagina), -t- euryno, I dilate.] A
bag introduced perinaion, perineum, + plasso, I form.] Repair
empty into the vagina and then filled with water, of a rupture of the perineum involving the
used for dilating the canal. vagina.
colpeurysis (kol-pu'ii-sis). The operation of dilat- colpoperineorrhaphy (kol-po-per-I-ne-or'a-fl) [G. kol-
ing the vagina. pos, sinus (vagina), -f perinaion, perineum, +
colpitis (kol-pi'(pe')tis) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), rhaphe, sewing.] A plastic operation for restoring
 ' ,

)LPOPERINEORRHAPHY COLYONE
the integrity of the vagina and perineum in cases anterolat'eralc, funiculus lateralis. Bertin's
jf perineal tears. c, columna renalis. Burdach's c, fasciculus
'popexy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), +
pexis, cuneatus. Clarke's c, nucleus dorsalis. direct'
ixation.] Suture of a relaxed and prolapsed cerebell'ar fasciculus cerebellospinalis.
t., dor'-
iragina to the abdominal wall. sal t., c; (2) posterior c. Flechsig's
(1) spinal
'poplasty [G. kolpos, vagina, +
plassd, I form.] c, fasciculus anterior proprius. Goll's c,
Elytroplasty. fasciculus gracilis. Gowers' c, fasciculus antero-
popol'ypus [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina).] poly-A lateralis superiicialis. lat'eral c, funiculus lateralis.
pus of the vagina. Morgagni's c, columna rectalis. poste'rior c,
poptosia (kol-pop-to'sl-ah) [G. kolpos, sinus (va- (i, gray) columna posterior; (2, white) funiculus
gina), +
ptosis, a falling.] Prolapse of the vaginal posterior, rec'tal c, columna rectalis. re'nal c,
walls. columna renalis. respi'ratory c, fasciculus soli-
porrhagia (kol-p6-ra'jI-ah) [G. kolpos, sinus tarius. Rolan'do's c, a slight ridge on either side
[vagina), +
-rhagia.] Vaginal hemorrhage. of the medulla oblongata. Serto'li's c, one of the
por'rhaphy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), +
rhaphe, columnar figures in the testicle formed of aggre-
i sewing.]Elytrorrhaphy; repair of a rupture gations of Sertoli's cells, spi'nal c, dorsal c,
3f the vagina by freshening and suturing the vertebral c, the line of vertebrae from the pelvis
sdges of the tear. to the head, forming a flexible bony case for the
porrhez'is [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + rhexis, spinal cord. Tuerck's c, fasciculus cerebrospinalis
rupture.] A tearing of the vaginal wall. anterior, vag'inal c, columna vaginalis, ven'tral
'poscope [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + skopeo, c, anterior c. ver'tebral c, spinal c. vesic'ular
[view.] A vaginal speculum. c, a line of ganglion cells at the inner edge of
pospasm (kol'po-spazm) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), the columna posterior.
+ spasfnos, spasm.] Spasmodic contraction of colum'na, gen. and pi. colum'na [L.] Column, c.
the vaginal wall. adipo'sa, a rod or line of fatty matter passing up-
posteno'sis [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + stenosis, ward to the hair-follicle from the subcutaneous
aarrowing.] Narrowing of the lumen of the connective tissue, c. ante'rior [BNA], anterior
yagina. column, comu anterius, anterior horn, the
postenot'omy [G. tome, incision.] Division of a anterior portion of each gray column of the spinal
;olpostenosis, or stricture of the vagina. cord, colum'nae car'neae, trabecute carneae
potherm (kol'po-thurm) [G. kolpos, vagina, + [BNA]. c. for'nicis [BNA], column of the fornix
'herme, heat.] A
small electric lamp enclosed anterior pillar of the fornix, one of two rounded,
in a metal box which is introduced into the vagina slightly diverging bundles passing from the
:n order to convey heat to the parts. anterior portion of the body of the fornix down-
pot'omy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina) + tome, incis- ward to the lateral wall of the third ventricle,
ion.] Elytrotomy, a cutting operation in the passing in front of the foramen of Monro, and
vagina. terminating in the mamillary body. t. gris'ea,
po-ureterocystotomy (kol-po-u-re''ter-o-sis-tot'o- gray column, a longitudinal mass of gray matter
ml). Colpocysto-ureterotomy. running through the center of each lateral half
po-ureterot'omy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), -I- of the spinal cord, presenting on cross section
rurlter, ureter, +
tome, incision.] Incision into a semilunar outline; each lateral column is
1 ureter through the vagina. divided arbitrarily into an anterior and a poste-
poxerosis (kol-po-ze-ro'sis) [G. kolpos, sinus rior column called, from its appearance on cross
[vagina), +
xerosis, dryness.] Abnormal dryness section, anterior and posterior comu or. horn.
jf the vaginal mucous membrane. c. latera'lis [BNA], cornu
lateral column,
t-ill. A
term applied to strangles when affecting laterale, lateral horn; a projection of the gray
;olts. matter of the spinal cord into the lateral funicu-
ts'foot. Tussilago, farfara (N.P.), employed as lus, occurring especially in the thoracic region,
I popular remedy for cough, false c, asarum, between the anterior and posterior columns or
m\A ginger. liorns opposite the location of the gray commis-
t's-tail. Erigeron. sure, c. na'si, the fleshy termination of the
iumbia Springs, N. Y. Saline-sulphureted waters. septum poste'rior [BNA], posterior
nasi. c.
''our springs. column, comu
posterius, posterior horn; the
'umbin. Calumbin. posterior portion of each gray column of the
lumbittm (ko-lum'M-um) [Columbia.] A sup- spinal cord. c. recta'lis, Morgagni's rectal column,
josed element thought to exist in the mineral one of a number of vertical ridges in the mucous
lamarskite, symbol Cb, atomic weight 93.5; the membrane of the upper half of the anal canal
Jement niobium was formerly called colum- c. rena'lis, Bertin's column, one of the prolonga-

Mum, hence the symbol of the latter, Cb, is tions of cortical- substance separating the pyra-
lometimes referred to niobium. mids of the kidney, c. ruga'rum vagi'nse [BNA],
um'bo. Calumba. column of the vagina, one of two slight longi-
umella (kol-oo-mel'lah) [L. dim. of columna, tudinal ridges, anterior and posterior, in the
;olumn.] i. A column, a small column. 2. vaginal mucous membrane, c. vagina'lis, one
in Myxomycetes the continuation of the pedicel of the longitudinal ridges or cords in the vaginal
n the center. of the capsule, around which the mucous membrane, c. vertebra'lis, vertebral
iporangium is developed, c. au'ris, a bone in the or spinal column, spine.
!ar of a bird corresponding to the stapes in
columnell'a [dim. of L. columna^ A
small column,
nammals. c. coch'lea, modiolus, c. for'nicis, columella.
columnization (kol-um-ni-za'shun). Filling the
me of the pillars of the fornix, c. na'si, the
ower margin of the septum nasi. vagina with a tampon in order to prevent pro-
limn (kol'um) [L. columna.] An anatomical lapse of the uterus.
)art or structure in the form of a pillar or cylinder;
colyone (ko'H-on) [G. kolybn, pres. part, of kolyo, I
gray) prevent.] A chemical substance, formed in one
uniculus, fasciculus, ante'rior c, (i,

:olumna anterior; (2, white) funiculus anterior. organ or part of the body, and carried in the blood
 ;

COLYONE COMMOTION

together, seam.] Commissure, c. ante'rior al'ba

to another organ or part, the functional activity
anterior white commissure, a narrow band of
of which it diminishes or inhibits; the opposite of
hormone.* white substance bordering on the anterior median
+ fissure of the spinal cord in front of the anterior
colypeptic (ko-H-pep'tik) [G. kolyd, I hinder,
pepsis, digestion.] Retarding or preventing di- gray commissure, t. ante'rior cer'ebri, anterior
gestion.
commissure of the cerebrum, a white bundle cross-
colyseptic (ko-U-sep'tik) [G. kolyd, I hinder, + ing in the anterior wall of the third ventricle, from
sepsis, putrefaction.] Antiseptic, preventing sep- side to side between the two thalami in f font of the
sis or putrefaction. columnae (anterior pillars) of the fornix, c. ante'-
co'ma [G. koma, deep sleep.] A state of profound rior gris'ea, anterior gray commissure, the portion
unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused of the gray commissure lying in front of the
it may be due to the action of an ingested poison, central canal, between it and the anterior white
such as alcohol or opium, or of one formed in the commissure, c. arcua'ta, c. inferior, c. basa'lis,
body, as in uremic or diabetic c, to injury or c. superior, t. cine'rea, c. grisea. c. gris'ea,,

disease of the brain, as in apoplexy, or to hys- gray commissure, massa* intermedia [BNA].
teria, c. carcinomato'sum, c. occurring in the c. habenula'rum, commissure of the habenulse, the

final stage of cancerous cachexia, c. vigil, see decussation of fibers of the two striae mediillares,
vigil. forming the dorsal portion of the habenula or
co'matose. In a state of coma. peduncle of the pineal body. c. hippocam'pi
combi'ning pow'er. See under valence, [BNA], commissure of the hippocampus, lyra,
Combre'tum [L. a rush or similar plant.] A genus psalterium, a small triangular space between the
of tropical plants. C. sunda'icum, jungle plant, diverging crura of the fornix, occupied by a thin
anti-opium leaf, is said to have been successfully lamina of transverse fibers usually closely ad-
employed in the treatment of the opium habit. herent to the under surface of the corpus callosimi.
combus'tlble. Capable of rapid combination with c. infe'rior, inferior commissure, commissure of
oxygen, or of burning. V. Gudden, a transverse fiber tract in the tuber
combustion (kom-bus'chun) [L. combustto, from cinereum just behind the optic chiasm, c.
comburere, to bum up.] Burning, the rapid oxi- labio'rum, junction of the lips, angle of the mouth.
dation of any substance accompanied with the c. labio'ruin ante'rior, the junction of the labia
production of heat and light, slow c, decay majora anteriorly at the mons pubis, c. labio'-
sponta'neous c, the ignition of a mass of niaterial rum poste'rior, a slight fold uniting the labia
by heat developed within it by the oxidation of majora posteriorly in front of the anus. c.
the substances composing it. mag'na, corpus callosum. c. me'dia, middle
Com'by's sign [Jules Cotnby, Parisian pediatrist, commissure, massa* intermedia [BNA]. c.
•1853.] An early sign of measles, consisting in mol'lis, soft commissure, massa* intermedia
thin whitish patches on the gums and buccal [BNA]. c. oliva'rum, fibers connecting the two
mucous membrane, formed of degenerated olivary bodies, c. op'tica, chiasma opticum.
squamous epithelium. c. palpebra'rum latera'lis [BNA], lateral palpebral
com'edo, pi. comedo'nes [L. comedere, to eat up.] commissure, external canthus, the outer extrem-
Black head, a plug of sebaceous matter, capped ity of the rima palpebrarum, or slit between the
with a blackened mass of dust and epithelial eyelids, c. palpebra'rum media'lis [BNA], me-
debris, filling the mouth of a sebaceous follicle. dial palpebral commissure, internal canthus,
co'mes, pi. com'iies [L. a companion.] A blood- inner extremity of the rima palpebrarum, c.
vessel accompanying another vessel or a nerve; poste'rior cer'ebri, posterior cerebral commissure,
the veins accompanying an artery, often two in a thin band of white matter, crossing from side
number, are called vents comites (ventB comitantes to side beneath the habenula of the pineal body
[BNA]). and overlying the aditus ad aquseductum cerebri.
com'frey. Symphytum officinale. c. poste'rior, c. poste'rior gris'ea, posterior com-
com'itans, pi. comitan'tes [L. comitari, to accom- missure, posterior gray commissure, the portion
pany.] Comes, vena t. [BNA], one of the veins of the gray commissure of the spinal cord lying
running parallel with an artery. posterior to the central canal, c. supe'rior,
com'ma-bacil'lus. Spirillum cholerce asiaticiB. superior commissure, commissure of Mejmert,
com'ma-tract, Schultze's* bundle. a large transverse fiber tract in the upper part
commen'sal [L. con, with, together, + mensa, of the tuber cinereum. c. yentra'lis al'ba, c.
table.] Noting organisms which live together, anterior alba.
neither bearing a parasitic relation to the other, commissu'ral. Relating to a commissure.
without harm or prejudice to either. commissure (kom'I-shur). i. A cranial suture, s.
conunen'salism. Symbiosis, mutualism, the living Angle or comer of the eye, lips, or labia. 3. A
together of two organisms, neither of which is bundle of nerve fibers passing from one side to the
parasitic on the other, to their mutual ad- other in the brain or spinal cord see commissura.
;

vantage. Comm'onwealth Mineral Springs, Mass. Light

comminuted (kom'I-nu-ted) [L. comminuire, to alkaline-carbonated waters, 48° P. One spring.
break in pieces.] Broken into a number of frag- Gastric, hepatic, renal, and hemic disturbances.
ments, noting especially a fractured bone. commotio (kfi-mo'shyo) comnwvere, to agitate.]
[L.
comminution (kom-i-nu'shun). A breaking into a Concussion, u. cer'ebri, concussion of the brain,
number of small fragments. a disturbance of the brain tissue caused by a
commis'sion [L commissio; commiiiere, to commit.] blow on the head or a. violent shaking, marked
In insurance the amount paid to an agent who by nausea and vertigo followed by coma, with
secures, or places the policy; when it is a per- slow respiration and weak pulse, c. ret'inse, a
centage on the first premium, it is called a disturbance in retinal function, i.e. of vision,
brokerage; when it is a smaller percentage of a following a blow on the eyeball or a violent shak-
stipulated number of subsequent commissions, it ing of the head.
is called a renewal commission. commotion (kom-mo'shun) [L. commotio.] Con-
commissu'ra, gen. and pi. commissu'rce [L. », joining cussion; the group of symptoms (tending to
AMOTION 221 COMPOUND
ncope, pallor, weak pulse) sometimes seen completion (kom-ple'shun). Union of antibodies
Uowing heavy blows on the head, possibly due or amboceptors with complement.
molecular changes, in the absence of any ap- com'plex [L. complexus, woven together, infolded,
eciable lesion. surrounded.] i Anything made up of a number
.

mu'nicans [L. communicating.] One of a, of related parts, noting especially the aggregate
imber of nerves see under nervus,
; of symptoms associated with a certain morbid
munis (kfi-mu'nis) [L. common.] Conmion, re- condition, a syndrome, a symptom-complex.
ting to more than one noting a number of ana-
; 2. In psychology, all the ideas, feelings, impres-
mical structures. sions, etc., associated with a given subject. 3.
mutator (kom'u-ta-tor) i. An appliance by Specifically, in psychoanalysis, an idea or
tiich the direction of an electric current is re- group of ideas associated with a tone of un-
used. 2. An appliance whereby the strength pleasantness which tends to keep it out of
an electric current is increased or diminished. consciousness. 4. Intricate, complicated, father
pact' [L. compactus, joined together.] Closely t., Electra* complex, mother c, CEdipus*
impressed, solid, dense. complex.
par'ascope. A
microscope accessory enabling complexion (kom-plek'shun). ±. The color and
le observer to compare two different slides. general condition of the skin, especially the skin
patibil'ity. The condition of being compatible. of the face. 2. Temperament (obsolete).
patible (kom-pat'i-bl) [L. con-, with, + pati, to complez'us [L. embracing, encircling.] Musculus
lifer, + habilis, fit.] Capable of being mixed semispinalis capitis.
ithout undergoing destructive chemical change com'plicated [L. com-, with, -t- plicare, to fold.]
acting in therapeutic antagonism; said of the Complex, confused; noting a disease with which
ements in a properly constructed pharmaceutical another has become associated, altering or
ixture. exaggerating its symptoms and modifying its
pensa'tion [L. compensate, to weigh together, course.
)unterbalance.] The supplying of a deficiency; complica'tion [L. compUcare, to fold up.] A morbid
le making up in one part for a loss in another, process, occurring in the course of a disease,
pecifically, the maintenance of the circulation, which is not an essential phenomenon of that
1 cases of cardiac valvular defect, by hypertro- disease; it maybe an occasional or unusual result
by with resulting increased force of the contrac- of the primary disease or may arise from entirely
ons of the heart muscle. independent causes.
pen'satory. Giving compensation, coimterbal- Compos'its [L. compositus, composite.] A very large
icing a defect. order of gamopetalous dicotyledonous plantsi
plaint (kom-planf). A
malady or disease, the inflorescence is a capitulimi, the fruit an
speciallya chronic disease. achene.
/plement [L. complementum, that which com- composition (kom-po-zish'im) [L. componere, to
letes.] According to Ehrlich 's side-chain theory, arrange.] In chemistry, the kind and number of
le thermolabile substance in normal serum atoms constituting the molecule of any substance.
hich is destructive to bacteria and other cells c. pow'der, pulvis myricae compositus, compound

ith which it is brought in contact by means of powder of bayberry; bay berry root 60, ginger 30,
le amboceptor; it is composed of two molecular capsicum and cloves each 5; carminative and
roups the toxophore or zymophore group, which
:
stimulant in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0).
the toxic substance, and the kaptophore group com'pos men'tls [L. possessed of one's mind.] Of
y which it unites with the amboceptor. It is called sound mind, sane.
;so addiment, alexin, cytase, and end-body, de- compound'. To put together the ingredients of a
ec'tion of the c, devia'tion of the c, diver'sion remedy, according to the directions in a prescrip-
I complement in a serum by
the c, the fixation of tion or formida.
1 antigen-antibody combination whereby it is com'pound. 1. In chemistry a substance formed
indered unavailable to complete a reaction in a by the intimate chemical union of two or more
icond antigen-antibody combination for which elements, often differing entirely in physical
implement is necessary; see Bordet*-Gengou, characteristics from any of its components, a.

eisser*-Wechsberg, and the Wassermann* re- In pharmacy noting a preparation containing

:tion. dominant c, the one of several different several ingredients as distinguished from one of
implements united to a pluriceptor which exerts the same name containing only one or a few
le specific action, fixa'tion of the c, deflection 3. Not simple, made up of two or more parts.

[ the c. non-dom'jnant c, any one of the acy'clicc, open-chain* c. addi'tion c, a c. formed

iveral complements united to a pluriceptor by the direct addition of an element or a radical
hich is not essential to the lytic action, sub- to an existing c.,and not by its substitution for
r'dinate c, non-dominant c. an element or radical already present, ali-
Supplying a loss phat'ic c, open-chain* c. aromat'ic c, closed-
iplemen'tal, complemen'tary.
deficiency.
chain* c. bi'nary c, a t. of two elements, an
r

I'plemented. United with complement and there- element and a radical, or two radicals, closed-
chain c, see under chain, condensa'tion c, a
ire active, noting interbodies or amboceptors.
Lplementoid (kom-ple-men'toyd) [complement +
complex c. restdting from the reaction of two
complement whichA more simple substances, with the splitting oil of
r. eidos, resemblance.]
its some other substance, such as alcohol or water.
as lost its zjrmotoxic group while retaining
con'jugated c, one formed by the union of two
aptophore group; it can therefore still combine
compounds and preserving more or less of the
ith the injmune body and can excite the produc-
solvent properties or characteristics of both, cy'clic c,
ion of anticomplements, but has lost its
closed -chain* c. fat'ty c, open-chain* c. o'pen-
r digestive action.
chain c, see under chain, organ'ic c, any c.
iplemen'tophil, complemen'tophile [complement
Having an affinity tor com- containing carbon, and usually hydrogen, oxygen,
h G. pMlos, fond.]
and nitrogen as well, sat'urated c, one the
lement, noting the atom group in the ambo-
valences of all the constituents of which are satis-
eptor which unites with the complement.
COMPOUND CONCUSSIO]

fied. substitu'tlon t., one formed by the substi- concha (kong'kah) [L. a shell.] In anatomy,
tution of a new element or radical for one already- structure comparable to a shell in shape, as tt
present. auricle or pinna of the ear or a turbinated bor
com'press. A pad of gauze or other material in the nose; see the subtitles, c. auric'ulae, tt
bandaged over a part where it is desired to make large hollow, or floor of the auricle, between tt
compression, grad'uated c, one made of layers anterior portion of the helix and the antiheli:
it is divided by the cms of the helix into tl:
of cloth in such a way that it is thickest in the
center, becoming thinner toward the periphery. cymba above and the cavum below, c. bullo'si
compression (kom-presh'un) [L. comprimere, to a expansion of the turbinated bone
cystic
press together.] A
squeezing together, the exer- especially the middle turbinate, occurring i
tion of pressure on a body in such a way as to chronic rhinitis, c. nasa'lis infe'rior, inferic
tend to increase its density, cer'ebral c, c. of turbinated bone; a, thin spongy bony plate wit
the brain, a condition in which pressure is put curved margins, on the outer wall of the lows
upon the intracranial tissues by an effusion of part of the nasal fossa, separating the middl
blood, increase of cerebrospinal fluid, an abscess from the inferior meatus; it articulates with ti
or neoplasm, or a depressed fracture of the skull. ethmoid, lacrymal, superior maxillary, an
compress'or. i. A muscle contraction of which palate bones, c. nasa'lis me'dia, middle turb:
causes compression of any structure; see under nated bone; the lower and larger of two bon
musculus. 2. An instrument for making pressure plates with up-curved margins, projecting froi
on a part, especially on an artery to prevent loss the inner wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth; :

of blood. separates the superior from the middle meatus c

compresso'rium. Compressor(2). the nose. c. nasa'lis supe'rior, superior turb;
ComptD'nia [Henry Compton, Bishop of London, nated bone; the upper of the bony plates wit
1632-1713.] Myrica. C. asplenifo'lia, Myrica up-curved margins, projecting from the inm
asplenifolia, sweet fern.* wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth; it forms th
compulsion (kom-pul'shun) [L. compellere, to urge.] upper boundary of the superior meatus of th
In psychology, a sudden overpowering impulse to nose. c. nasa'lis supre'ma, supreme or highes

the commission of some act against the person's or fourth turbinated bone, c. Santorini; th
will. posterior portion of the c. superior, when una1
cona'rial. Relating to the conarium or pineal body. tached. c. Santori'ni, c. nasalis suprema. (

cona'rium [G. konarion (dim. of konos, cone), the sphenoida'lis [BNA], sphenoidal i;., sphenoids
pineal body.] Epiphysis cerebri, pineal gland turbinated bone.
or body, corpus* pineale [BNA]. conchinine (kong'kin-en). Conquinine, quinidine*
concatenate (kon-kat'e-nat) [L concatenare, to link conchitis (kong-ki'(ke')tis). Inflammation of an
or chain together.] Noting the arrangement of a concha.
number of bodies or structures, enlarged lymph conchoidal (kong-koydal). Shaped like a shell
glands for example, in a row like the links of a having alternate convexities and concavitie
chain. on the surface.
Concato's disease' (kon-kah'to) [Luigi Maria Con- conchoscope (kong'ko-skop) [L. concha + G. skopei
cato, Italian physician, 1825-1882.] Polyorrho- I view.] A form of nasal speculum.
meningitis. conchotome (kong'ko-tom) [L. concha, turbinate
concave (kon'kav) [L. concavus, arched or vaulted) bone, + G. tom-e, incision.] A
knife used in re
Having a spherically hollowed surface. moving the whole or a part of a turbinated bodj
concav'ity. A hollow or depression, with more or concoc'tion [L. con-, together, -t- coquere, to cook
less evenly curved sides, on any surface. 1 Digestion.
. -^ . A
mixture of various solution!
conca"vocon'cave. Concave on two opposing sur- 3. Abscess formation (obsolete).
faces. concom'itant [L. concomitare, to accompany
conca"vocon'vex. Concave on one surface and Accompanying; occurring at the same timf
convex on the opposite surface. accessory.
concentration (kon"sen-tra'shun) [L. con{cum), con'crement [L. concrescere, to grow together
bringing together, + centrum, center.] i. A A concretion; a deposit of calcareous materis
preparation made by extracting a crude drug, pre- in a part.
cipitating from the solution, and drying resinoid.
; concrescence (kon-kres'ens) [L. con-, together, -
2. Increasing the strength of a fluid by evapora- crescere, to grow.] 1. Coalescence, the growin
tion. 3. Fixed attention of the mind upon a together of originally separate parts. 2. In protc
special subject. zoology or cytology, conjugation. 3. In dentistry
concen'tric [L. con, together, +
centrum, center.] the union of the roots of a tooth or of two adJE
Having a common center, noting two or more cent teeth by an outgrowth of cementum;
spheres, circles, or segments of circles, or bodies concrete (kon-kref). Hardened, solidified into
approaching these figures in shape. mass.
con'cept [L. conceptum, something devised or under- concretion (kon-kre'shun) [L. concrescere, to gro
stood.] An abstract idea or notion. together.] i. A solidified or hardened masi
conceptacle (kon-sep'ta-kl) [L. conceptaculum: con- composed of foreign material or produced b
cipere, to contain.] In botany, a cavity on the inspissation of matter normal to the part;
surface of the phallus of a cryptogam, in which calculus. 2. An adhesion or an intimate grov
spores are produced. ing together of two parts. 3. The process (
concep'tion [L. conceptio.] x Concept, a. The act calculus formation. 4. The process of adhesioi
of forming a general idea or notion. 3. The act coalescence.
of conceiving, or becoming pregnant, imper'a- concussion (kon-kush'un) [L. concuiere, to shal
tive c, a concept which does not arise from as- together.] i. A violent shaking or jarring.
sociation but appears spontaneously and refuses An injury of a soft structure, as the brain, resul'
to be banished; obsession. ing from a blow or violent shaking; commoti
conceptive (kon-sep'tiv) [L. conceptivus, from con- cer'ebral c, c. of the brain, commotio cerebi
cipere, to conceive.] Capable of conceiving. c. of the ret'ina, commotio retinae, spi'nal c
NCUSSION 223 CONFECTIO

,of the spine, an injury of the spinal cord caused con'dyloid [G. kondylos, condyle, -I- eidos, resem-
y a violent jarring, marked by neurasthenic blance.] Relating to or resembling a condyle.
Srmptoms, muscular atrophy, and central and condylo'ma, pi. condylo'mata [G. kondyloma, a knob.]
eripheral pains railway spine.
; A wart-like excrescence at the anus or vulva, or on
cuss'oT. A
hammer-like instrument for tapping the glans penis, c. acumina'tum, a projecting
le parts as a form of massage. warty growth on the external genitals or at the
densation (kon-den-sa'shun) [L. con-, together, + anus, consisting of fibrous overgrowths covered
ensare, to make thick.] i. Compression, mak- by thickened epithelium, usually produced by
ig more solid or dense. 2. The change of a gas the, irritating discharges in chronic venereal
3 a liquid, or of a liquid to a solid. 3. In disease; pointed or venereal wart, verruca acu-
sychoanalysis a process of energy-sparing by minata, cauliflower excrescence, c. la'tum, pi.
taking one symbol stand for a number of others. condylo'mata la'ta, a syphilitic eruption of fiat-
. Making one part of a word do double service, as topped papules, occurring in groups covered by a
lco(hol)iday. necrotic layer of epithelial detritus, and secreting
den'ser. i. An apparatus for reducing a gas a seropurulent fluid; they are found at the anus
D a liqmd, or a liquid to a solid. 2. Abba's* and wherever contiguous folds of skin produce
ondenser. 3. An apparatus for the accumula- heat and moisture, c. subcuta'neum, moUuscum
ion of electricity, such as the Leyden jar or any contagiosum. flat c, c. latum, pointed u., u.
f its modifications. acuminatum.
'dom [Conton, the inventor, said to have been condylo'matous. Relating to a condyloma.
London physician of the eighteenth century.] condylot'omy [G. kondylos, condyle, -I- tome, inci-
L glove of rubber, gold-beater's skin, or similar sion.] Division through, without removal of, a
iibstance for the penis, for use in the prevention condyle.
f infection or of conception during coitus. con'dylus. Condyle, c. latera'lis [BNA], lateral
duc'tance. Conductivity. condyle, (o) outer condyle of the femur; (6)
duc'tion [L. conducere, to lead, conduct.] i. external tuberosity of the tibia, c. media'lis
"he act of transmitting or conveying certain [BNA], medial condyle, (a) inner condyle of the
Drms of motion, such as heat, sound, or electricity femur; (6) internal tuberosity of the tibia, c.
rom one point to another, without evident occipita'lis [BNA], occipital condyle, one of two
novement in the conducting body. 2. The elongated oval facets on the under surface of
ransmission of stimuli of various sorts by living the occipital bone, one on each side of the
irotoplasm,. air c, the normal passage of sound foramen magnum, which articulate with the
raves through the external auditory meatus. atlas.
.v'alanche c, the discharge of an impulse from a cone [G. konos, a peg.] i. A figure having a cir-
leurone into a large number of neurones of the cular base with sides inclined so as to meet at a
ame physiological system, thus producing the point above. 2. One of the flask-shaped figures

tberation of a very large amount of nervous Conarium or pineal body. 4. The mechanical
nergy by a given stimulus, bone c, the passage element of a tooth crown, cusp. c. of light, a
if sound waves through the bones of the head, to bright area seen on inspection of the membrana
he internal ear. osteotym'panal u., bone c. tympani; it is triangular in shape, extending
iductiv'ity conducere, to lead, conduct.]
[L. downward from the umbo, fertiliza'tion c, a
:. The power of transmission or conveyance of protuberance of the cytoplasm of the ovum at
lertain forms of motion, as heat, sound, and the point where the effective spermatozoon is
ilectricity, without perceptible motion in the attached, implanta'tion u., the wedge-shaped
londucting body. 2. The property, inherent origin of a neuraxon from the cell body of the
n living protoplasm, of transmitting stimuli. neuron, oc'ular c, the cone of light in the
iduc'tor. I. A
probe or sound with a groove interior of the eyeball formed by the rays en-
hrough which a knife is passed in slitting open tering through the pupil and focussed on the
I sinus or fistula; a grooved director. 2. Any retina.
ubstance possessing conductivity, Conel'lan-King diplococ'cus [John J. Conellan,
idu'plicate [L. con-, with, -(- duplicare, to double.] New York bacteriologist, contemporary; James
'olded upon itself lengthwise. Joseph King, New York physician, *i882.] A
iduran'go (N.F.). ^ The bark of Gonolobus con- gram-negative diplococcus found in the tonsillar
iurango, Marsdenia condurango, a shrub of crypts in certain cases of arthritis.
Jcuador and Peru; alterative and at one time cone-nose (kon'nSz). Conorhinus.
I reputed specific for cancer, especially cancer cones'si. The bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica,
)f the stomach, in doses ot gr. 15-60 (1.0-4.0),
an Indian tree, employed as an astringent and in
the treatment of dysentery.
)r 5 1 {4,0) of the N.F. fluidextract.
I'dy's flu'id [Henry Bollmann Candy, English con'essine. An alkaloid, CjjH^Nj, the active
jhysician, nineteenth century.] A disinfectant principle of conessi; a yellowish powder, anthel-
;omposed of potassium permanganate, gr. 15 mintic and astringent.
confabula'tion [L. confabulari, to talk together;
|i.o), in water, 5 16 (500.0).
i'dylar. Relating to a condyle. fabula, fable.] The making up of tales and
+
arthrosis recitals and a readiness to give a fluent answer,
i"dylarthro'sis [G. kondylos, condyle,
I jointing.] joint, like that of the knee, formed
A with no regard whatever to facts, to any question
put a symptom of presbyophrenia.
3y condylar surfaces.
;

A rounded confectio, gen. confeciio'nis, pi confectio'nes (kon-

idyle (kon'dil) [G. kondylos, knuckle.]
ixticular surface at the extremity of a long bone, fek'shyo) [L. con, together, + facere, to make.
Confection, conserve, electuary, a pharmacopeial
see condylus and epicondylus.
preparation consisting of a drug mixed with
idylec'tomy [G. kondylos, condyle, -)- ektome.
ixcision.] The cutting away of a condyle. honey or syrup; a soft solid, sometimes used as
con- an excipient for pill-masses, t. amyg'dalse,
idylion (kon-dil'I-on) [dim. of G. kondylos,
pulvis amygdalae compositus. c. aromat'ica,
iyle.] point on the outer (lateral) or inner
A pulvis cretae aromaticus. u. guai'aci compos'ita.
[medial) surface of the condyle of the mandible.
GONFECTIO 234 CONIUM

guaiac sublimed sulphur 3, magnesium car-

2,
congestion (kon-jes'chiin) [L. congerere, to heap up.]
bonate ginger i, molasses 12; a popular
2,
The presence of an abnormal amount of blood in
English remedy for gouty and "rheumatic" the vessels of a part, due either to increased afflux
conditions, c. pi'peris (Br.), confection of or to an obstruction to the return flow, ac'tive c,
pepper, composed of black pepper 2, powdered hyperemia, an increased flow of arterial blood to a
func'tional c, hyperemia occurring during
3, clarified honey 15; has been em-
caraway part,
ployed in the treatment of rectal disorders in functional activity of an organ, hypostat'ic c,
doses of gr. 30-60 (2.0-4.0). c. ro'sse (N.F.), c. c. due to gravitation of venous blood to a depend-

ro'ssB gal'licsB (Br.), confection of rose, made of ent part in cases in which the circulation is feeble.
powdered red rose leaves 8, sugar 64, clarified pass'ive c, c. due to partial stagnation of blood
honey 12, stronger rose water 16; used as an in the capillaries and venules in consequence of
excipient. c. sen'nee (N.F. and Br.), confection obstruction to the retiim flow, physiolog'ical c,
of senna, composed of senna 10, cassia 16, tam- functional c.
arind 10, prune 7, fig 12, sugar 55.5, oil of cori- conges'tive. Relating to congestion.
ander 0.5; laxative in doses of 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). con'gius, pi. con'gii [L.] A
gallon.
c. sul'phuris (Br.), confection of sulphur, elec- conglo'bate [L. con-, together, H- globare, to make
tuary of sulphur, composed of sublimed sulphur round.] In a single mass, noting the lymph
4 ounces, acid potassium tartrate i ounce, traga- glands, as distinguished from variously shaped
canth 18 grains, syrup 2 fluidounces, tincture of secreting glands.
orange 1 fluidounoe, glycerin ij fluidounces; lax- conglom'erate [L. con-, together, -F glomerare, to
ative in doses of ^1—2 (4,0-8.0). make into a ball.] Composed of several parts
confection (kon-fek'shun). Confectio. aggregated into one mass noting (a) certain large
;

confertus (kon-fur'tus) [L. conferre, to bring to- compound glands, (b) a plate culture with a
gether.] Arranged closely together; confluent, group of similar colonies lying close together; see
coalescing. cut imder colony, 2, A.
confine'ment. Lying-in, giving birth to a child. conglu'tin. A
protein, contained in almonds and
confluens sinuum (kon'flu-ens sin'u-um) [L. con- various seeds, resembling casein.
fluence of the sinuses.] [BNA] Torcular Hero- conglu'tinant [L. conglutinare, to glue together.]
phUi, a meeting-place, at the internal occipital Adhesive, promoting the union of the lips of a
protuberance, of the superior sagittal, straight, wound.
occipital, and two transverse sinuses of the dura conglutination (kon-glu-tin-a'shtm) [L. conglutinare,
mater. to glue together.] i. Adhesion, coalescence. 2.
con'fluent [L. confiuere, to run together.] 1. Join- A reaction resembling agglutination, in which
ing, running together; noting certain skin lesions clumping of ox corpuscles occurs upon the ad-
which become merged, forming a patch; noting dition of immune rabbit serum and fresh ox
a disease characterized by lesions which are not serum;' the same occurs in the case of corpuscles
discrete, or distinct one from the other. 2. of other animals, and there is also a bacterial
Noting a bone formed by the blending together conglutination.
of two originally distinct bones. conglutinin (kon-glu'tin-in). The substance in ox
con'formator [L. con-, together, + forma, form.] serum and other serum which brings about the
An apparatus used by hatters for getting the reaction termed conglutination; it is non-specific,
shape of the head, and employed for the same is fixed only in the presence of alexinized and sen-
purpose by anthropologists. sitized antigen, and is readily precipitated.
confrontation (kon"f run- ta 'shun). The examina- Congo-red (kong'go-red). A coal-tar dye obtained
tion together of two persons, one with a disease, from benzidine; used as a test for hydrochloric
such as syphilis, the other presumably the person acid which turns it blue.
from whom the disease was contracted Congo-root. The root of Psoralea melitotoides, a
cong. Abbreviation for congius, a, gallon. plant in the southeastern United States; used as
congela'tion [L. con-, together, + gelare, to freeze.] an aromatic bitter tonic.
I. Freezing. 2. A frostbite. CO(HH2)2. Urea, carbamide.
congen'erous [L. con-, with, -I- genus, race.] Having conhydrine (kon-hi'dren). An alkaloid, CgHnNO,
the same function, noting certain muscles which obtained from conium; also called oxyconiine.
are synergistic. co'nl. Plural of conus.
congen'ital [L. congenitus, bom with.] Existing at conid'ia. Plural of conidium.
birth, referring to certain mental or physical conid'ial. Relating to a conidium.
traits or peculiarities, diseases, etc. Congenital conidiophore (kon-id'i-o-for) [G. phoros, bearer.]
is distinguished from inborn in that it is inclusive The mycelial stalk of a fungus which bears
for that which is congenital may be something conidia.
existing from the ovum or acquired at the mo- conidiospore (kon-id'I-o-sp5r) [conidium -t- G.
ment of birth that which is inborn, on the other
; sporos, seed.] Conidium.
hand, is something engrafted upon the mind or conid'ium, pi. conid'ia [G. konidion, dim. of konis,
body during the process of development. An dust.] A non-sexual unenclosed or walled spore,
infective disease may be congenital, but not or exospore, of certain fungi, produced asexually.
inborn; a vice of metabolism is inborn, being a coniine (ko'ne-en). The active principle, C,H„N,
true developmental error, something acquired of conium; a colorless, odorless fluid; coniine
during the process of development, and not hydrobromide, a crystalline powder, has been
originating in intrauterine disease or injury. employed in doses of gr. yj^p-^ (0.0006-0.003).
conges'ted. Containing an abnormal amount of Conine (ko'nSn). Coniine.
blood; in a state of congestion. coniology (kon-l-ol'o-jl) [G. konis, dust, + -logia.]
congestine (kon-jes'ten) One of two antagonistic
. The science which treats of dust and of its effects.
poisonous principles, the other being thalassin, conio'sis [G. konis, dust.] Any disease or morbid
isolated from Anemone scuUatus; it causes itch- condition caused by dust.
ing, intense burning, pnd ulceration of the coni'um [G. koneion, hemlock.] (N.F.) Conii
skin. fructus (Br.), the dried unripe fruit of Conium
 ,

CONIUM 22S CONQUININE

maculatum, poison hemlock, spotted cowbane, presence of the Koch- Weeks bacillus, an'gular
poison or spotted parsley; the leaves, conii folia, c, c. due to the presence of the diplobacillus of
are also official in B.P. Employed as a sedative, Morax-Axenfeld, the redness being usually most
antispasmodic, and anodyne in doses of gr. 1—3 marked at the commissures, crou'poiis t.,
(0.06-0.2). The fluidextract is official in U.S., acute c. with membranous exudation without
the tincture and the juice (succus) in Br. inffitration of the underlying conjunctiva.
conjugata (kon-ju-gah'tah) [L. fem. of conjugatus, diphtherit'ic c, an acute c, with exudation and
joined together.] [BNA] Conjugate, or antero- infiltration of the conjunctiva, follic'ular c,
posterior, diameter of the pelvis. c. associated with the presence of granules of ade-

conjugate (kon'ju-gat) [L. conjugatus, joined to- noid tissue on the inner surface of the lower lid.
gether.] 1. Joined, paired. 2. The antero-pos- gran'ular c, granular lids, trachoma*, in'fantile
terior, pr sacropubic, diameter of the pelvic in- pu'rulent t., ophthalmia neonatorum, mem'-
let; c. diameter, c. devia'tion of the eyes, a con- branous c, an acute c. with the formation of a
dition in which both eyes are turned to the same false membrane, with or without infiltration of the
side as a result of either paralysis or muscular underlying conjunctiva, c. petrif'icans, an affec-
spasm, t. diam'eter, same as conjugate (2). t. tion marked by deposits of organic lime salts, in the
fo'ci, in optics two points so situated in relation form of yellowish white, slightly elevated plaques
to each other that a ray from one, when refracted on the palpebral conjunctiva, phlycten'ular c, a
or reflected, strikes the other, c. fora'men, circumscribed u. accompanied by the formation
a foramen formed by the notches of two bones of small red nodules of lymphoid tissue (phlyc-
in apposition, c. of the in'let, same as con- teuulae) on the conjunctiva, prai'rie c, a chronic
jugate (2). c. of the out'let, the distance from c, characterized by the presence of small white
the tip of the coccyx to the lower edge of the spots on the palpebral conjunctiva, especially of
symphysis pubis; see obstetrical c. of the outlet. the lower lid. pu'rulent c, c. with an abundant
lUag'onal c, the distance frpm the promon- purulent discharge, usually gonorrheal in origin.
tory of the sacrum to the lower edge of the pus'tular c, phlyctenular c. spring c, vernal c.
symphysis pubis, effec'tive c, the internal ver'nal c, a chronic c. beginning in the spring and
c. measured from the nearest lumbar vertebra continuing during the warm weather, to disappear
to the symphysis, in spondylolisthesis, exter'nal with the advent of cold weather.
c, Baudelocque 's diameter, the distance in a conjunctivo'ma. A homeoplastic tumor of the
straight line between the depression under the last conjunctiva.
spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae and the connec'tive [L. connectere, to bind together.] i.
upper edge of the sj^nphysis pubis, false c, (i) Connecting, joining. Anything which con-
2.
a line drawn from the promontory of the sacrum nects. 3. A nerve fibril uniting two ganglia.
to the lower margin of the symphysis (2) effective
; the general supporting or uniting tissue
u. tis'sue,
c. inter'nal c, the distance from the promontory of the body, formed of altered cells, with flattened
of the sacrum to the upper edge of the symphysis nucleus, drawn out into long flbrils. c. tis'sue
pubis, obstet'rical c. of the out'let, the c. of group, a collective name for mucous tissue, den-
the outlet lengthened by the backward displace- tine, bone, cartilage, and ordinary c. tissue.
ment of the coccyx. connecti'vum, A connective tissue; one of the
conjuga'tion [L. conjugare, to join together.] The connective-tissue group.
sexual union or fusion of two cells, with partition
Cozmell's suture [F. Gregory Connell, American
of the chromatin and subsequent division into surgeon, *i864.] 1. An intestinal suture for end-
two new cells.
to-end anastomosis; the serous surfaces are ap-
conjuncti'va [L. fem. of conjunciivus, from con-
posed, the needle is passed through both in one
jungere, to connect; sc. tunica, coat.] The mucous thrust and back again, and the thread is tied on
membrane, covering the anterior surface of the the inside of the bowel. 2. A
mattress suture;
eyeball {tunica conjunctiva bulbi, ocular c.) and see cut under suture.
lining the lids {tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum,
Connell'an-Eing diplococ'cus [John J. Connellan,
palpebral c).
James Joseph King (*i882). New York physi-
adhesion of opposing surfaces, symblepharon. atrophy cians.] Adiplococcus found in the crypts of
xerophthalmia, bleeding from, opthalmorrhagia- the tonsils in cases of tonsillitis with signs of
dryness, xerophthalmia, xerosis conjunctivae, sclero- constitutional infection.
ophthalmia. edema, chemosis,_ ophthalmedema
growth on, pterygium, pannus. inflammation, con- co'noid [G. konos, cone, + eidos, appearance.]
junctivitis, ophthalmia, ophthalmitis, pink-ej^e, oph- Resembling a cone, cone-shaped, c. lig'ament,
thalmopyra, ophthalmopyorrhea, pyophthalmia, pyo- ligamentum conoideum. c. tu'bercle, tuberositas
phthalmitis, blennophthalmia, ophthalmoblennorrhea ,

granular lids, trachoma, junction of tarsal and bulbar coracoidea.

fomix. of eyeball, c. bulbi. of lids, c. tarsi, c. palpe- conomyoidin (ko-no-mi'oy-din) [G. konos, cone, -t-
brarum, pigmentation, ophthalmomelanosjs, sider-
conjunctiva, argyria conjunctivae, scrapmg,
mys{,myo-), muscle, -t- eidos, resemblance.] Con-
osis
ophthalmoxysis. tumor, pinguicula. tractile protoplasm in the retinal cones.
Relatingto the conjunctiva, c- Conoph'olis america'na [G. konos, cone, + pholis,
conjunc'tival.
reac'tion, a slight injection of the conjunctiva, in
scale.] A scaly fleshy plant usually parasitic on
the root of the oak; squaw-root, cancer-root.
a person suffering from an infective disease,
Conorhi'nus [G. konos, cone, -I- rhis{rhin-), nose.]
caused by the instillation of a dilute solution of
the toxins of the same disease called also ophthal-
;
A genus of Hemiptera, the cone-noses. C.
mo-reaction, Wolff-Eisner reaction, Calmette megis'tus, Lamus megistus, a species believed to
reaction, c. test, c. reaction.
be instrumental in the spread of the pathogenic
conjunc'tive. Joining, connecting, connective, c. agent of Chagas-Cruz disease, or parasitic thy-
roiditis. C. sanguisu'ga [L. sanguis, blood, -I-
t^'sue, connective* tissue.
Inflamma- sugere, to suck], the blood-sucking cone-nose, an
conjunctivitis (kon-jung-tl-vi'(ve')tis).
acute' conta'gious c, insect resembling the bedbug in appearance and
tion of the conjunctiva,
acute' epidem'ic c, pink-eye, an acute mucopuru- habits.
due to the conquinine (kon'kwin-en). Quinidina
lent conjunctivitis of epidemic type,

IS
 .

CONRADFS LINE 226 CONTENT

Conradi's line (k5n-rah'de) [Andrew Christian consul'tant [L. consultare, to deliberate, ask advice.]
A i. A physician or surgeon who does not take
Conradi, Norwegian physician, 1809-1869.]
line extending from the base of the ensiform
actual charge of a patient, but acts in an advisory
cartilagfe to the point of the apex beat of the capacity, deliberating with and counselling the
heart, corresponding approximately to the personal attendant. 2. A
member of a hospital
lower edge of the cardiac area. staff who has no active service but stands ready

Conradi-Drigalski a'gar (kon-rah'de-dre-gahl'ske) to advise in any case, at the request of the attend-
[Heinrich Conradi, German bacteriologist; ing physician or surgeon.
W. V. Drigalski, German bacteriologist, *l87i.] consulta'tion. A
meeting of two or more physicians
Drigalsld- Conradi agar.* to consider the symptoms and course of the dis-
consanguin'ity [L. con-, with, +
sanguis (sanguin-), ease in any special case and to deliberate concern-
blood.] Blood-relationship. ing the prognosis and the advisable therapeutic
conscious (kon'shus) [L. conscius, knowing.] t. measures.
Aware, having present knowledge or perception of consult'ing staff. The body of specialists attached
oneself, one's acts, and one's surroundings. 2. to a hospital who do not make stated visits, but
Noting something occurring with the perceptive serve in an advisory capacity when called upon
attention of the individual, as a conscious act or for counsel by members of the attending staff.
idea, distinguished from automatic or instinctive. consumption (kon-sump'shun) [L. consumere, to use
consciousness (kon'shus-nes) [L. conscire, to know, to up, waste.] i. The using up of a material or

be aware of.] Awareness; perception of physical force, z. Awasting of the tissues of the body.
facts or mental concepts; sentient knowledge of 3. Tuberculosis, especially of the lungs or intes-

one's surroundings, doub'le c, a condition in tine.

which one two seemingly unrelated mental
lives in consump'tive. Relating to, or a sufferer from,
states, being, while in one, unaware of the other consumption.
or of the acts performed in the other. consuxnp'tive's weed. Eriodictyon.
consensual (kon-sen'shu-al) [L. con-, with, + sensus, con'tact [L. contactus, a touching.] ± The touching
.

sensation.] Reflex, noting what is done in re- or apposition of two bodies, -j. The closing of
sponse to a stimulus without the cooperation of an electrical circuit. 3. A person who
has been
the will. exposed to contagion, c. break'er, interrupter, a
conserra'tion [L. conservare, to keep together.] device for rapidly opening and closing an electrical
Preservation: the keeping from injury or loss. circuit, c. point, the part of the contact surface

conservative (kon-siu-'vS-tiv). 1. Preservative. 2. of a tooth which touches the adjacent tooth.

Opposed to radical or heroic measures of treat- c. sur'face, facies contactus [BNA], the surface of
ment, t. sur'gery, surgical treatment which a tooth which looks toward its neighbor, either
aims to preserve and restore injiired or diseased mesially or distally; proximal surface, prox'-
parts, avoiding operative mutilation or removal. imal c, prox'imate c, touching of the adjacent
conserve (kon-surv') [L. con-, together, + servare, to surfaces of two teeth.
keep.] A preparation made by covering a fresh contagion (kon-ta'jun) [L. contagio; contingere, to
drug with sugar to extract its virtues or by touch closely.] i. Contagixmi. 2. Transmission
trittu-ating a fresh drug to make a soft mass. Now of an infectious disease by contact, either im-
used synonymously with confection. mediate or mediate, with the sick; one of the
consolida'tion [L. consolidare, to make firm.] Con- modes of infection. 3. The production of a
version into a firm dense mass; noting especially psychopathic state or so-called fiinctional nervous
the change of the lung from a spongy to a solid disease through imitation or autosuggestion.
condition by the filling of the alveoli with an inune'diate c, one occurring as the result of
exudate. direct contact with the sick, me'diate c, one
constipate (kon'sti-pat). To cause a sluggishness effected through the medium of persons or ob-
in the action of the bowels. jects that have been in contact with the sick.
con'stipated. Suffering from constipation; costive. contagiosity. Contagiousness.
constipa'tion [L. constipare, to press together,] A contagious (kon-ta'jus). Relating to contagion;
condition in which the evacuations from the transmissible by contact with the sick, noting
bowels are infrequent or incomplete, more or less certain forms of infectious disease.
fecal matter being retained in the intestine. conta'giousness. The quality of being contagious
constitution (kon-stl-tu'shun) [L. constiiuere, to or transmissible by contact, noting the nature
establish,] i The physical make up of the body,
. of certain of the infective diseases, such as.
including the mode of performance of its fimc- smallpox.
tions, the activity of its metabolic processes, the contagium (kon-ta'ji-um) [L.] The virus or essen-
manner and degree of its reactions to stimuli, tial causative substance of any infectious (not
and its power of resistance to the attack of path- merely contagious) disease.
ogenic organisms. 2. In chemistry, the number contam'inate [L. contaminare, to defile.] To soil
and kind of atoms in the molecule and the relation with infectious material.
which they bear to each other. contamina'tion [L. contaminare, to stain, defile.]'
constitu'tional. 1. Relating to the constitution. I, Pollution, soiling with infectious matter, z.
2. General, relating to the system as a whole, not The Freudian term for a fusion and condensation
local. of words.
constric'tion [L. constringere, to draw together.] contem'plative. One who excites a sexual organism
I. Binding or contraction of a part. ^. A sub- by lewd imaginings.
jective sensation as if the body or any part were con'tent [L. contentus from coniinere, to contain.] i
tightly bound or squeezed. 3. Stricture, stenosis. That which contained within something else,,
is
constric'tor. Anything which binds or squeezes
i. usually in this sense in the plural form, contents.
a part. 2. A
muscle the action of which is to z. In psychology, the form of a dream as pre-
narrow a canal, a sphincter; see under musculus. sented to consciousness, la'tent c, the symbolic
construc'tive [L. construere, to build up.] Building significance of a dream. manifest c, the ex-
up, relating to anabolism, anabolic. ternal form of a dream.
CONTIGUITY 227 CONTREXEVILLE

contiguity (kon-tl-gu'1-ti) [L. contiguus, touching.] clo'sure c. (CCC or CaCC), the momentary u.
I. Contact, without actual continmty; see con- of a muscle under the influence of the negative
tinuity. 2. The occurrence of two or more men- pole when an electrical circuit is established.
tal impressions synchronously or in immediate cath'odal o'pening t. (COC or CaOC), the mo-
succession, amputa'tion in c, disarticulation, mentary c. of a muscle under the influence of
amputation through a joint, law of c, when two the negative pole when the circuit is broken.
ideas have once occurred in association they are Dupuytren's t., see Dupuytren. front-tap u., c
likely so to occur again^ and the more likely the of the calf muscles when the anterior surface of
more often they have been associated, solu'tion the leg is struck, hour'glass c, constriction of
of c, the breaking of contiguity, a dislocation or the middle portion of a hollow organ, such as the
displacement of two normally contiguous parts. stomach or the gravid uterus, myotat'ic c, (i)
contig'uous. Adjacent or in actual contact. reflex c. of a muscle induced by its passive stretch-
con'tinence [L. continentia; continere, to hold back.] ing; (2) tendon reflex, paradox'ical c, a tonic
Moderation, temperance, or self-restraint, in contraction of the anterior tibial muscles when
respect of the appetites. a sudden passive dorsal flexion of the foot is
con'tinent. Temperate or abstinent as regards made. Westphal's c, paradoxical c.
sexual indulgence. contracture (kon-trak'chiir). A permanent mus-
continued (kon-tin'iid) [L. continuare, to join.] cular contraction due to tonic spasm or to loss
Continuous, without intermission, noting espe- of muscular equilibrium, the antagonists being
cially a more or less protracted fever without paralyzed, func'tional c, one that ceases during
apyretic intervals; a typhoid fever, for example, sleep or general anesthesia, organ'ic c, one which
as contrasted with a succession of malarial is continuous whether the subject is conscious or
paroxysms. unconscious. Volkmann's c, see Volkmann.
continuity (kon-tin-u'i-tl) [L. continuus, continued.] contrad'olin [L. contra, against, + dolor, pain.] An
Absence of interruption, a succession of parts analgesic composed of acetamide, phenol, and
intimately united. A single bone of the skull has salicylic acid; dose, gr. 4-8 (0.23-0.5).
the quality of continuity in all its parts; a cranial contrafissura (kon"trah-fI-shu'rah) [L. contra,
suture is marked by contiguity of the bones against, counter, -t- fissura, fissure.] Fracture by
entering into its formation, amputa'tion in c, contrecoup fracture of a bone, as in the skull, at
;

amputation through a long bone, between the a point opposite that where the blow was received.
joints, as contrasted with disarticulation, or am- contraindicant (kon-trah-in'dJ-kant). Indicating the
putation in contiguity, solu'tion of c, division of contrary, that is to say, showing that a method
bones or soft parts which are normally con- of treatment which would otherwise be proper is
tinuous, as by a fracture, a laceration, or an forbidden by special circumstances in the indi-
incision. vidual case.
contin'uous. Uninterrupted. contraindication (kon-trah-in-dl-ka'shun). Any spe-
contour (kon-toor'). [L. contornare, to turn around.] cial symptom or circumstance which renders the
In dentistry, to restore the normal outlines of use of a remedy or the carrying out of a surgical
a broken or otherwise misshapen tooth. procedure inadvisable.
con' tour (kon'toor). The outline of a part, the contralat'eral [L. contra, opposite, 4- latus, side.]
surface configuration. Relating to the opposite side, as when pain is
contoured (kon-toord'). Noting a bacterial colony referred to the side opposite to that of the
with irregularly undulating surface, as that of a lesion.
relief map. con'trast [L. contra, against, +stare, to stand.] A
centra-angles (kon'trah-ang"glz). Double or comparison in which the differences between two
objects are shown, c. stain, a double stain by
triple angles in the shank of an instrument by
means of which the cutting edge or point is which some of the tissues or the general back-
brought into the axis of the handle. ground of the specimen take on one color while
con"tra-ap'erture. Counteropening. the special object to be examined takes on the
contraception (kon-trah-sep'shun). The preven- other, thereby rendering it more distinct.
contTastim'ulant [L. contra, against.] 1. Annulling
tion of conception.
the effect of a stimulant. 2. An agent whose
contraceptive (kon-trah-sep'tiv) [L. contra, against,
-t- conceptive.] An agent for the prevention of action opposes that of a stimulant.
conception. contrastim'ulus. Contrastimulant(2).
contract' [L.contrahere, to draw together.] To contratoxin (kon-trah-toks'in) [L. contra, against.]
shorten; to become reduced in size. Trade name of a group of normal sera (combined
contrac'tile. Having the property of contracting. reptilianand warm-blooded) obtained from
The ability or property of shortening animals naturally immune to the disease for
contractil'ity.
which the special form of contratoxin is employed
or becoming reduced in size.
(tuberculosis, for example) ; it is stated to have a
contractio "(kon-trak'shyo) [L] Contraction, c.
lytic action on various microorganisms without
prse'via, the narrowing of a segment of the uterus
producing lysis of the red blood-cells.
in advance of the descending fetus.
contrecoup (kawn-tr-koo') [Fr. counter-blow.] Not-
contraction (kon-trak'shun) [L. contractio; contra-
Ashortening, noting ing the manner of a contrafissura, or fracture of
here, to draw together.] i.

the normal function of muscular tissue. 2. A

a bone, as in the skull, at a point opposite that
at which the blow was received.
more or less permanent shortening of a muscle.
or reduction in size, an'odal contrectation (kon-trek-ta'shun) [L. contrectare, to
3. A shrinkage
handle.] i. Sexual dalliance. 2. The impulse
clo'sure c. (ACC or AnCC), the momentary
c.
positive to embrace one of the opposite sex.
of a muscle under the influence of the
established. Contrexiville, France (kawn-treks-a-vel'). Pavil-
pole when the electrical circuit is
Spring. Alkaline waters. Cold. Several
an'odal o'pening c. (AOC or AnOC), the mo- ion
springs. Used by drinking and bathing, in gouty
mentary c. of a muscle under the influence of
broken affections, catarrhal conditions, renal and vesical
the positive pole when the circuit is
cath'odal disorders, nocturnal enuresis, hepatic disorders,
carpoped'al c, carpopedal* spasm,
CONTREXEVILLE 228 CONVULSION

dyspepsia, cutaneous diseases, and urinary dis- convection (kon-veVshun) [L. convehere, to convey.]
orders. May 20 to September 20. The conveyance of heat in liquids or gases by
contribution (kon-tri-bu'shun) [L. contribuere; con-, change of position of the heated particles, as when
together, + tribuere, to grant.] A plan for the the layer of water at the bottom of a pot rises and
apportionment of profits to the holder of a life- carries the heat from the fire with it.
insurance policy by which the policy is credited convergence (kon-vur'jens) [L. convergere, to in-
with the reserve pertaining to it at the end of the cline together.] i. The tending of two or more

previous year and with the annual premium paid objects toward a common point, 2. The direc-

at the beginning of the current year, less an ex- tion of the visual lines to a near point, am'pli-
pense charge and with interest added. Against tude of c, the distance between the near point and
this sum are charged the cost of insurance and the far point of c. ang'le of c, see under angle, far
reserve required at the end of the current year, point of c., the point to which the visual lines are
the balance being the policy's annual dividend, or directed when c. is at rest, near point of c, the
its "contribution to surplus." point to which the visual lines are directed when c.
control (kon-tr51') [L. contra, against, + roiula, is at its maximum, neg'ative c, the slight diver-
roll; a counter-roll or ledger for check-accounts.] gence of the visual axes when c. is at rest, as when
1. To verify an experiment by means of another looking at the far point of normal vision or during
with the crucial condition omitted, as when a sleep, pos'itive c, inward deviation of the visual
given amoimt of toxin is injected into two rabbits axes even when c. is at rest, as in cases of con-
of equal weight, one receiving antitoxin, the other vergent squint, range of c, amplitude of c.
not; if the animal not receiving antitoxin (the convergent (kon-vur'jent). 'Tending toward a,
control) dies, the assumption is that the other common point.
would also have succumbed without the protective conversa'tion-tube. An ear-trumpet with a flexible
injection of antitoxin. 2. Control-animal, con- tube connecting the mouth-piece and ear-piece.
trol-experiment. conversion (kon-vur'shun) [L. convertere, to turn
contror-an'imal. In laboratory or clinical experi- round, to change.] x. Change, transmutation.
mentation the rabbit, guinea-pig, or other animal 2. Transformation of an emotion into a physical
submitted to the same conditions as the others manifestation.
used for the experiment, with the crucial factor con'vex [L. convemis, vaulted, arched.] Noting a
(such as the injection of antitoxin, the adminis- surface which is evenly curved or bulging out-
tration of a drug, etc.) omitted. ward.
control'-exper'iment. An experiment, chemical or convex'ity. The state of being convex.
animal, used to check another, to verify the conver"ocon'cave. Concavoconvex.
result, or to demonstrate what would have convex"ocon'vex. Convex on two opposite surfaces.
occurred had the essential factor been omitted. convolute (kon'v8-lut) [L. convolvere, to roll to-
contuse' [L, coniundere, to bruise.] To bruise. gether.] Rolled together with one part over the
contu'sion. A bruise, a contused wound.* other; in the shape of a roll or scroll.
co'nus [G. kanos, a peg.] i. Cone. 2. Posterior con'voluted. Convolute, c. bone, turbinated bone,
staphyloma in myopic chorioiditis, c. arterio'sus, concha* nasalis. c. tu'bule, the twisted or coiled
the infundibulum, or left or anterior portion of the portion of a uriniferous tubule, tubtdus renalis
cavity of the right ventricle of the heart, which contortus.
-terminates in the pulmonary artery. 0. elas'ticus convolutio (kon-v6-lu'shyo) [L. convolvere, to roll
fBNA], the thicker lower portion of the elastic together.] Convolution, gyrus.
membrane of the larynx, c. medulla'ris, medul- convolu'tion [L, convoluiicl One of the prominent
lary cone, terminal cone, the tapering lower rounded elevations on the surface of the brain,
extremity of the spinal cord. c. vasculo'sus, one bounded by the fissures or sulci; see gyrus.
of Haller's* cones in the globus major of the Convolvula'ceae. An order of gamopetalous dicot-
-epididymis. yledonous, twining or trailing herbs, which
convalescence (kon-val-es'ens) [L. convalescere, to includes the bindweed and scammony.
grow strong.] The time elapsing between the convol'vulin. A white odorless glucoside, C„Ht,Oi„
termination of a disease and the patient's complete obtained from jalap; purgative in doses of gr.
restoration to health. i-ij (0.03-0.1).
convales'cent. i Getting well or one who is getting
. Convol'vulus. A
genus of twining plants of the
well. 2. Noting the period of convalescence. natural order ConvolvulacecB. C. altheoi'des, a
convallam'arin [L. amarus, bitter.] A
bitter gluco- Mediterranean plant, the root of which is some-
side obtained from convallaria; an amorphous or times substituted for scammony. C. pandura'ta,
crystalline whitish or yellowish powder; dose, gr. manroot, wild jalap, wild scammony; the root
-^— I (0.03—0.06). yields a resin which is purgative and diuretic.
convalla'retin. A resinous substance obtained from C. pur'ga, jalap. C. scammo'nium, scammony
convallarin by boiling with a dilute acid. C. turpe'thum, turpeth-root.
convalla'rise Ho'res [L. convallis, an enclosed valley; convul'sant. Causing convulsions.
fios, flower.] (N.F.) The dried inflorescence conyul'sion [L. convulsio, from con-, together, 4-
of Convallaria majalis, lily of the valley; heart vellere, to pull.] A violent involimtary musctdar
tonic and diuretic, employed as a substitute for contraction, clon'ic c, one in which the contrac-
digitalis in doses of gr. 5-7 J (0 3-0 5)
. .
c. ra'dix
. tions are intennittent, the muscles alternately
(N.P.), convallaria root, lily-of-the-valley root, contracting and relaxing, coor'dinate c, a
the dried rhizome and roots of C. majalis; em- clonic c. in which the movements are seemingly
ployed for the same purposes as the flowers purposeful, being exaggerations of those which
and in the same doses. The N.P. has a fluid- may occur naturally, crow'ing c, laryngismus
extract of both the root and the flowers; dose, stridulus, inter'nal t., a slight c. in a child,
TffiS(0.5). marked by a barely perceptible spasm, rigidity
convall'arin. An acrid glucoside obtained from of the head and fixity of the eyes, with preserva-
convallaria has been employed in cardiac troubles
;
tion of consciousness or only momentary uncon-
in doses of gr. J-i (0.03-0.06). sciousness, mim'ic c, facial tic, ton'ic c.
CONVULSION 229 COR
one in which the contraction of the muscle is see cuprum, c. group, two members of the class:
continuous. of basylous elements, copper and mercury.
convul'sive. Relating to convulsions; marked by copp'eras [L. cuprum, copper, +
rosa, flower.]
or producing convulsions. Impure commercial ferrous sulphate, green
COOH. Formula for carboxyl, a radical charac- '
vitriol; see ferri* sulphas.
teristic of organic oxyacids. cop'per-point. A crystal of copper sulphate con-
Coolidge tube (koo'lij) [William David CooUdge, tained in a wooden holder.
Americanj physical chemist, *i873.] An «-ray Coppet's law (k6-pa') [Louis Cas de Coppet,
tube, in which the cathode consists of a tungsten French physicist, 1841-19U.] Solutions having
wire spiral surrounded by a miolybdenum tube; the same freezing point are equimolecular.
the tungsten spiral is heated by an electric cur- copre'mia, coprae'mla [G. kopros, dung, + haima,
rent and the exact quality of the a-ray given blood.] The presence in the blood of waste
off is regulated by varying the temperature of
products absorbed from the intestine; so-called
intestinal autointoxication.
the cathode.
coprolagnia (kop-ro-lag'ni-ah) [G. kopros, dung, +
coolie-itch. Water-itch.
Coo'per's disease' [Sir Astley Paston Cooper,
lagneia, lust.] A form of sexual perversion in
which the thought or sight of excrement causes
English surgeon, 1768-1841.] Chronic inflam-
pleasurable sensation.
mation of the mamma, with the formation of coprolalia (kop-ro-la'U-ah) [G. kopros, dirt, dung,
cysts. C.'s fas'cia, the fascia covering the sper-
+ lalia, form of speech.] The involuntary utter-
matic cord, fascia* cremasterica. C.'s her'nia, ance of vulgar or obscene words.
femoral h. with two sacs, the second passing coprolith (kop'ro-lith) [G. kopros, filth, -t- lithos,
through B defect in the superficial fascia and stone.] A
hard mass consisting of inspissated
appearing immediately beneath the skin, the feces.
first being in the femoral canal. C.'s her'ni-
coprol'ogy [G. kopros, feces, -I- -ology.} Scatology,
otome, <* slender bistoury with short cutting the physiology and pathology of intestinal
edge for dividing the constricting tissues at digestion.
the neck of a hernial sac. C.'s irr'itable breast, coprophagy (k6-prof'a-ji) [G. kopros, feces, -|- phago,
neuralgia of the breast. C.'s irr'itable tes'ticle, I eat.] The eating of human or animal excrement.
neuralgia of the testicle. C.'s Ug'ament, (i) coprophil, coprophile (kop'ro-fil, kop'ro-fH) [G.
one of numerous fibrous filaments connecting the kopros, dung, -f- philos, fond.] Noting bacteria
mammary gland with the skin, retinacula cutis; occurring in fecal matter.
(2) the portion of the transversalis fascia attached coprophilia (kop-ro-fil'i-ah) [G. kopros, dung, +
to the iliopectineal line and spine of the pubis; (3) philos, fond of.] A
mental attraction, with a
a ligament connecting the olecranon to the coro- sexual element, for fecal matter.
noid process. C.'s oint'ment, arsenic i, sulphur i, coproplanesia (kop-ro-pIan-e'sJ-ah) [G. kopros, feces,
spermaceti ointment 8. C.'s reflec'ted ten'don, a 4- planesis, a wandering.] The passage of feces
thin, semilunar expansion of the anterior apo- through a fistiila or artificial anus.
neurosis of the transversalis abdominis muscle, coprosta'sia [G. kopros, feces, +stasis, a standing.]
sometimes prolonged beyond the conjoined Constipation, costiveness, fecal impaction.
tendon to be attached to the deep crural arch. coprosterin (ko-pros'ter-in) [G. kopros, feces, +
Cooper's Well, Miss. Saline-chalybeate waters. {chole)sterin.\ Coprosterol,* stercorin.
One spring. Anemia, chlorosis, constipation, coprosterol (ko-pros'tS-rol) [G. kopros, feces, +
chronic diarrhea, and dropsy. (chole) sterol.] Coprosterin, stercorin, a deriva-
Coo'pernail's sign [George P. Coopernail, American tive of cholesterol found in the feces, obtainable
physician, *i876.] Ecchymosis of the perineum in the form of slender acicular crystals.
and scrotum, or labia, in fracture of the pelvis. cop'tis [G. kopia, I cut, the leaves looking as if cut.]
coo'rash. A pustular skin disease occurring in (N.F.) The rhizome of Coptis trifolia, gold-
Central Africa. thread, canker-root, a plant of eastern North
coordination (ko-or-dl-na'shun) [L. co-, together, +' America; used as «. masticatory in sore mouth
ordinare, to arrange.] The harmonious working and as a gargle in catarrhal sore throat and ton-
together of several muscles or muscle groups in sillitis, and as a simple bitter tonic in dose of

the execution of complicated movements. gr. 30 (2.0), or IIJ30 (2.0) of the N.F. fluidextract.
coossify (co-osl-fi) [L. co-, together, +
os, bone, + cop'ula [L. yoke, joining.] i. Zygote. 2. Ambo-

facere, to make.] To
unite into one bone. ceptor or immune body. 3. In anatomy a nar-
copaiba (ko-pa'bah). (U.S. and Br.) Copaiva, row part connecting two structures. 4. In legal
balsam of copaiba or copaiva; the oleoresin of phraseology, sexual intercourse.
Copaifera officinalis and other species of C, a. copulation (kop-u-la'shun) L copulatio,] i. Sex-
South American plant; a, yellowish viscid fluid ual union between two individuals, male and
female; coitus. ^. In protozoology, conjugation
of an aromatic odor and acid bitter taste;
expectorant, diuretic, and stimulant to the respi- between two cells which do not fuse but separate
ratory and urogenital mucous membranes, in after mutual fertilization; observed in the in-
doses of niio-30 (0.6-2.0). solid'ifled c, fusoria.

massa copaibae. cor, gen. cor'dis [L.] Heart, c. adipo'siun, fatty

heart, c. bilocula're, a heart in which the intra-
cope (kop) [L. capa, cape, cap.] The metal plate
auricular and intraventricular septa are incom-
covering the root of a tooth to be crowned.
bovi'num, a greatly hjrpertrophied
copiopia (ko-pJ-o'pI-ah) [G. kopos, fatigue, + dps,
plete, u.
c. hirsu'tum, hairy heart, the heart in
eye.] Fatigue of the eye from over or improper heart,
cases of fibrinous pericarditis in which the surface
use or strain.
presents post mortem a shaggy appearance,
copodyskinesia (ko-po-dis-kin-e'sl-ah) [G. kopos, c.

kinesis, movement.] ju'venum, a disorder of the heart associated with

fatigue, -t- dys-, bad, -I-
orthostatic albuminuria, marked by a systolic
Occupation neurosis,* such as writer's cramp.
A metallic element several murmur, heaving apex beat, tachycardia, palpita-
cop'per [L. cUprum.]
medicine; tion, and arrhythmia, c. mo'bile, movable heart.
of the salts of which are employed in
 ;

COR 230 CORM

[G. kore, pupil, kleisis,
a heart which moves unduly on change of bodily- coreclisis (kor-e-kli'sis) -I-

position, t. pen'dulum, pendulous heart, an closure.] Occlusion of the pupil.

extreme form of u. mobile in which the heart corectasia (kor-ek-ta'zl-ah) [G. kore, pupil, ektasis, +
appears to be suspended by the great vessels. stretching out.] Dilatation of the pupil.
c. tomento'sum [L. iomentosus, stuffed with hair corectomedialysis (kor-ek"to-me-di-al'J-sis) [G. kore,
•or feathers as a cushion], c. hirsutum. pupil, +
ektome, excision, -f- dialysis, a loosening. ]
coracoacromial (kor"S-ko-a-kro'inI-al). Relating Iridodialysis.
to the coracoid and acromial processes of the corec'tomy [G. kore, pupil, -I- ektome, excision.]
scapula. Iridectomy.
coracobrachialis (kor"a-ko-bra-kI-a'lis). Relating corecto'pia [G. kore, pupil, -t- ektopos, out of place.]
to the coracoid process of the scapula and the Presence of the pupil to one side of the center of
arm, noting a muscle, which see under musculus. the iris.

coracoclavic'ular. Relating to the coracoid proc- coredialysis (kor-e-di-al'l-sis) [G. kore, pupil, +
ess and the clavicle. dialysis, separation.] Iridodialysis.
coracohumeral (kor"ci-ko-hu'mLe-ral). Relating to coredias'tasis [G. kore, pupil, + diastasis, an interval.]
the coracoid process of the scapula and the Corectasia.
humerus. corerysis [G. kore, pupil, -I- lysis, a loosening.] The
cor'acoid [G. korax (korak-), raven, curved door- loosening of adhesions between the capsule of
handle, + eidos, appearance.] Shaped like a the lens and the iris.
crow's beak or door-handle; noting a process of coremorphosis (kor-e-mor-fo'sis) [G. kore, pupil, +
the scapula, processus coracoideus. c. tuberos'ity, morphosis, formation.] The formation of an
tuberositas coracoidea. artificial pupil.
cor'al cal'culus. A kidney stone moulded to the corenclisis (kor-en-kli'sis) [G. kore, pupil, -|- enkleio,
shape of the pelvis and calyces. I enclose.] Iiidenclisis.
cor'alUn. A yellow dye obtained by heating to- coreometer (kor-e-om'e-ter) [G. kore, pupil, +
gether sulphuric acid, phenol, and anhydrous metron, measure.] An instrument for measiuing
oxalic acid, red c, peony red, peonin, produced the width of the pupil.
from 0. by the action of ammonia. cor'eoplasty [G. kore, pupil, -I- plasso, I form.] The
corallorhi'za [G. rhiza, root.] Coral-root, dragon 's- reestablishment of an occluded, or correction of a
claw, the root of Corallorhiza odoniorhiza, a leaf- deformed, pupil.
less saprophytic herb of the eastern United States corestenoma (kor-e-st^-no'mah) [G. kore, pupil, -f-
diaphoretic in doses of gr. 15—30 (1.0-2.0). sienoma, a narrow pass.] A
narrowing of the
cord [L. chorda, a string.] i. In anatomy, any pupil, c. congen'itum, a partial occlusion of the
long, string-like structure. .1. To become corded pupil by congenital out-growths from the iris
or string-like. Ferrein's c, etc., see the proper coretomedialysis (kor-e-to"me-di-ari-sis) [G. kore,
name, ^an'gliated u., the sympathetic nerve pupil, +
tome, incision, -i- dialysis, a loosening.]
trunk, systema* sympathicum.
nervorum Iridodialysis.
psalte'rial cords, stria vascularis [BNA]. sper- coret'omy [G. kore, pupil, +
tome, incision.] Iri-
mat'ic c, a cord formed by the vas deferens, dotomy.
up to its passage through the inguinal canal, coriaceous (kor-e-a'shyus) [L. corium, leather.]
together with the accompanying vessels and Leathery, tough, noting the surface character of
nerves, spi'nal c, medulla spinalis, umbil'ical a bacterial colony.
c, the cord extending from the placenta to the coriamyrtin (ko-re-am'ur-tin). A glucoside, Cj,,-
umbilicus of the fetus, formed of the umbilical HgeOio, from coriaria leaves; an irritant and con-
vein and two umbilical arteries embedded in vtilsant, resembling picrotoxin, sometimes given
Wharton's jelly, vocal c, one of the four thyro- as a cardiac and respiratory stimulant in collapse,
arytenoid ligaments; the upper pair constitutes in dose of gr. ^'j (o.ooi).
the false vocal cords, the lower pair the true vocal corian'der. Coriandnun.
cords, or those concerned in voice production. corian'drum [G. koris, bedbug, from the offensive
cordial (kor'jyal) [see cordiale.'] 1. A remedy sup- odor of the plant.] (U.S.) Coriander, the dried
posed to stimulate the heart and raise the spirits. ripe fniit of Coriandrum sativum; a mild stimulant -

2. A sweet aromatic liquor supposed to aid di- aromatic and corrective in doses of gr. 5-10
gestion, neutrali'zing c, syrupus rhei et potassse (0.3-0.6).
compositus (N.F.). Coria'ria. A
genus of plants of southern Europe,
cordiale (kor-dl-a'le) [L. neut. of cordialis, some- New Zealand, and South America. C. myrtifo'-
thing enheartening.] Cordial, c. ru'bi fruc'tus lia, a species the leaves of which are sometimes
(N.F.), blackberry cordial; equal parts of black- used to adulterate senna they contain an irritant
;

berry juice and of syrup, with 25 per cent of a glucoside, coriamyrtin,

weak tincture of cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg; a co'rium [L. leather.] Cutis vera, true skin; the
carminative, aromatic astringent, employed in deeper or connective-tissue layer of the skin, con-
diarrhea in doses of SJ— i (15.0-30.0). sisting essentially of fibrous connective tissue
cor'diforxn [L, cor(cord-), heart, +
forma, shape.] with interlacing elastic fibers and occasional non-
Heart-shaped. striated muscular fibers. It is composed of two
corditis (cor-di'(de')tis). Punioulitis, inflamma- layers: an outer, pars papillaris, stratvun papil-
tion of the spermatic cord. lare, papillary layer, and an inner, pars reticularis,
cor'dol. Tribromsalol. stratum reticulare, reticular layer,
cor'dyl. Acetyltribromsalol. Cor'lett's [William
pyo'sis Thomas Corlett,
Cordylobia anthropophaga (kor-di-lo'M-ah an-thro- American dermatologist, *i854.] Impetigo
pof'a-gah) [G. kordyle, club, + lobion, lobe; an- contagiosa bullosa, a contagious bullous erup-
thrSpos, man, -|- phago, I eat. ] A
fly of tropical tion, beginning on the face and later becoming
Africa, the larva of which burrows into the skin general, which after rupture becomes covered
producing a small inflammatory swelling. with light friable crusts.
core [L. cor, heart.] The central mass of necrotic conn [G. kormos, the bare trunk of a tree.] The
tissue in a boil. underground stem of certain plants, giving off
 , ; '

CORM 231 CORONA

leaves from the upper surface and rootlets from one of its substitutes, a. The induction of local
the lower; it is of bulbous shape, but differs from anesthesia by the subcutaneous injection of a
a tree bulb in being of solid, fleshy consistency weak solution of cocaine, or one of its substitutes,
and not composed of superposed leaves; called the circulation being cut off from the field of
also solid bulb, especially when it is enclosed in operation by firm pressure with a ring, or by
two or three layers of broad leaves. constriction of the base of the member when it is
cormophyte (kor'mo-fit) [G. kormos, trunk of a tree, a finger or toe.
+ fhyton, plant.] In botany, any plant which corn-silk. Stigma maydis, zea*.
has an axis of growth, with stems and leaves; com-smut. XJstllago maydis.
opposed to thallophyte. cor'nu, gen. cor'nus, pi. cor'nua, [L. horn.] Ahom.
com [L. cornu, horn, hoof.] i. Clavus (i). 2. A I
. Any structure composed of homy substance or
small swelling between the bars of a horse's foot resemblinga horn in shape. 2. One of the coronal
and the wall of the heel, occurring in the fore feet prolongations of the dental pulp. c. Ammo'nis,
alone, generally on the inside heel, hard c, the hippocampus [BNA]. c. ante'rius, anterior hom
usual form of com over a toe-joint, soft c, (i) the anterior division of the lateral ventricle
a, com formed by pressure between two toes, the of the brain, extending forward and outward
surface being macerated and yellowish in color. into the frontal lobe from the foramen of Monro
corn [A.S.] i. Any kind of grain; specifically, in (2) columna anterior [BNA]. c. cer'vi, harts-
America, Indian com or maize. 2. A single horn, c. cuta'neum, cutaneous hom, an elon-
grain of wheat, maize, or any cereal. gated, projecting outgrowth of the homy layer of
corn-cockle (kawrn' kok-1) [A.S. coccel, tares.] the epidermis, c. huma'num, c. cutaneum. c.
Lychnis (Agrostemma) githago. infe'iius [BNA], inferior hom,
descending
Comaro's meth'od (kor-nah'ro) [Luigi Cornaro, hom, the lowermost divisionthe lateral
of
Venetian layman, 1464-1566. Preservation of
"1
ventricle of the brain, a prolongation of the pars
health by a very abstemious diet, chiefly bread centralis or body into the temporal lobe; it
and meat with a light wine; by this means Cor- extends first outward and backward, then down-
naro restored his health and digestion which had ward, and finally forward and inward, termin-
been seriously impaired by excesses, and lived to ating about an inch behind the temporal pole.
the age of 102 years. c. latera'le, lateral hom, columna* lateralis [BNA].
cornea (kor'ne-ah) [L. corneus, homy, sc. tunica, c. ma'jus, greater hom; the larger of the two
coat.] A transparent membrane, forming the processes on either side of the hyoid bone.
anterior sixth of the outer coat of the eyeball; it c. me'dium, c. inferius. c. mi'nus, lesser hom;

is more curved than the sclera, con'ical c, ker- the shorter of the two processes on either side
atoconus. of the hyoid bone. c. of the spinal cord, either
one of the tracts of gray matter, seen on cross
discoloration, keratochromatosis. examination, keratos- section of the cord, extending from the commissure
copy. grafting, keratoplasty, hernia, keratocele. in-
cision, keratotomy. inflammation, keratitis, comeitis. toward the surface, c. poste'rius, posterior
instrument for measuring curvature of, keratoconometer, hom; (i) the posterior division of the lateral
keratometer, keratoscope. knife for dividing, kera- ventricle of the brain, extending backward into
tome. opacity, keratoleucoma, albugo, nebula, caligo
keratoplasty, protrusion, the occipital lobe; (2) columna posterior [BNA].
comeae. plastic surgery of,
keratectasia, staphyloma, keratoconus, keratoglobus cor'nua. Plural of cornu.
conical cornea, keratocele, buphthalmia, buphthalmus. cor'nual. Relating to a comu.
removal of part, keratectomy, rupture, keratorrhexis. comucominissural (kor"nu-kom-I-shu'ral). Relat-
softening, keratomalacia. lUceration, keratohelcosis.
ing to one of the cornua and a commissure in the
cor'neal. Relating to the cornea. brain.
comeitis (kor-ne-i'(e')tis5. Keratitis. comuco'pia [L. hom
of plenty.] One of the lateral
cor'nel. Dogwood, comus*. recesses in the fourth ventricle of the braifi.
comeoiritis (kor"ne-o-i-ri'(re')tis). Keratoiritis. cor'nus [L. cornu, horn.] (N.F.) The dried bark
comeoscle'ra. The combined cornea and sclera, of the root of Comus florida, dogwood; an astrin-
forming the external coat of the eyeball. gent aromatic stomachic in doses of ituis— 60
cor'neous [L. corneus.] Homy. (1.0—4.0) of the fluidextract. The bark of
Cor'ner's tam'pon [Edred ^loss Corner, English another species, C. circinata, round-leaved dog-
surgeon, *i872.] A
plug of omentum stuffed wood, cornel, green osier, is also used in medicine,
into a wound of the stomach or intestine as a. having similar properties to the preceding.
temporary tampon. comutine (kor'nu-ten). An alkaloid obtained from
cor'ners.The deciduous incisors of the horse, ergot, said to cause convulsions.

external to the intermediates. comutol (kor'nu-tol). Trade name of a specially

cor'net, comette' [Fr. dim. of come, a horn.] A prepared fluid extract of ergot.
small ear-trumpet. corolla (ko-rol'ah) [L. a little crown.] The inner of
cor'neum. The homy layer of the skin. the two envelopes of a flower with double perianth.
comic'ulum [L. dim. of cornu, hom.] A comu of corom'eter [G. kore, pupil, + metron, measure.]
small size. c. laryn'gis, cartilago comiculata.
An instrument for measuring the diameter of the
comiflca'tion [L. comu, hom, -I- facere, to make.]
pupil.

I. Conversion into hom or a

homy substance or coro'na [L. crown.] Any structure, normal or
pathological, resembling or suggesting a crown
tissue. 2. A callosity.
Converted into horn; homy. or a wreath, c. cap'itis, crown of the head, the
comified (kor'nl-fid).
preparation, a resin from topmost part of the head. c. cilia'ris, ciliary
cor'nin. An eclectic
crown or wreath, the circular figure on the inner
Comus florida in the form of a brown bitter
surface of the ciliary body, formed by the processes
powder; used in malaria and as a tonic in doses of
and folds (plicae) taken together, c. den'tis,
gr. 2—5 (0.13-0.3).
New crown of a tooth, the exposed portion covered
Cor'ning's method [James Leonard Coming,
with enamel, c. glan'dis, the prominent posterior
York neurologist, *i85S.] x. Induction of sur-
unconsciousness, by border of the glans penis, c. radia'ta, radiate
gical anesthesia, without
crown; (i) a fan-shaped appearance produced
subarachnoid spinal injections of cocaine or
 ).
,

CORONA 232 CORPUS

by the widely radiating fibers from the upper coroparelcysis (kor"o-par-el'si-sis) [G. kore, pupil, +
portion of the internal capsule these fibers come
; parelko, I draw aside.] An operation for dis-
from the cerebral peduncles, through both the placing the pupil to one side in cases of central
tegmentum and the base of the peduncles, and corneal opacity.
from the thalamus; (2) an investment of the cor'oplasty [G. kore, pupil, +
plasso, I form.] Any
oocyte, composed of several layers of epithelial surgical procedure designed to restore the patency
cells derived from the discus proligerus of the of the pupil of the eye.
Graafian follicle, c. seborrho'ica, a red band coros'copy [G. kore, pupil, -I- skopeo, I view.] The
at the hair line along the upper border of the shadow test, skiascopy.*
forehead and temples in certain aggravated corot'omy. Coretomy, iridotomy.*
cases of pityriasis capitis, or dermatitis sebor- cor'pora. Plural of corpus.
rheica of the scalp, c. Ven'eris [crown of cor'poral. Bodily, relating to the body.
Venus], a lenticular syphilide of the forehead corpor'eal. Physical, material, as distinguished
parallel to the hairy border, c. zinn'ii, Haller's* from mental, psychical, or spiritual.
circle (l). corpse [L. corpus, body.] A
dead body, cadaver.
cor'onad [L. corona + ad, to.] In a direction to- cor'pulence, cor'pulency [L. corpuleniia, magnifica-
ward any corona. tion of corpus, body.] Obesity.
Corona'do Springs, Cal. Alkaline-saline waters. cor'pus, gen. cor'poris, pi. cor'pora [L.] The body.
Used by drinking, in anemia, dyspepsia, and Any body or mass. The main part of an organ or
renal and cystic disorders. other anatomical structure, as distinguished from
cor'onal. Relating to a corona, c. su'ture, the the caput (head) or cauda (tail).
line of junction of the frontal with the two parietal
bones of the skull. c. adipo'sum buc'cse, sucking-pad, an encapsuled
mass of fat in the cheek on the outer side of the buc-
vOronale (kor-o-na'le) [L. neuter of coronaHs, coro-
cinator muscle, especially marked in the infant;
nal.] r. The frontal bone. i. One of the two most
supposed to strengthen and support the cheek during
widely separated points on the coronal suture at the act of sucking.
the poles of the greatest frontal diameter. c. adipo'sum or'bitae [BNA], fat body of the orbit,
corona'men [L. coronare, to crown.] Coronet. a mass of soft fat contained in the orbit.
corona'ria. A coronary artery, of the heart or c. al'bicans [L. albicare, to become or to be white] ( i ,

stomach; see arieria* coronaria. a whitish body in the cortex of the ovary, the remains
coronary (kor'o-na-rl) [L. coronarius; corona, a of the atrophied c. luteum; (z) c. mammillare, c. candi-
crown.] 1. Relating to a crown. .£. Encircling, cans.
noting various anatomical structures; see arteria alie'num, a foreign body.
c.

coronaria, ligamentum coronarium, sinus cora- c. amyla'ceum

(pi. cor'pora amyla'cea) one of a num-
,

ber of small ovoid or rounded bodies having an irregu-

narius, etc. c. band, a prominent circular ridge
larly laminated structure resembling a grain of starch
or band at the top of the hoof of the horse, merg- found in nervous tissue, in the kidney, lungs, and
ing posteriorly into the glomes of the plantar other organs, and also in certain tumors, inflammatory
cushion; it is an organ of tactile sensation, en- exudates, and blood-clots; they represent a degenera-
abling the animal to recognize the character of the tive process analogous to colloid degeneration.
surface upon which his foot rests, c. cush'ion, c. nodulus valvuke semilunaris.
c, Aran'tii,
band. c. sul'cus, the depression on the external hard], the great transverse
c. callo'suni [L. callosus,
surface of the heart indicating the location of the commissure between the cerebral hemispheres, lying
auriculo-ventricular septtun. at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure, and covered
corone (kor-o'ne). [G. korone, crow.] The coronoid on each side by the gyrus cinguli; it is arched from
behind forward and is thick at each extremity (splen-
process of the mandible.
ium and genu) but thinner in its long central portion
coroner (kor'o-nur) [L. coronator, crowner, crown (truncus) it turns upon itself at the genu and sends a
;

officer.] An official whose duty it is to investi- thin extremity forward (the rostrum) the white fibers
;

gate cases of sudden death to determine the cause. connecting the two hemispheres make transVerse
In several of the United States the office has been markings on the surface, but in addition there are four
replaced by that of medical examiner. strands of gray matter (striae longitudinales) running
cor'onet [Fr. coroneiie; L. corona, crown.] The upper in an anteroposterior direction.
part of a horse 's hoof, or the lower part of the pas- c. can'didans, c. mamillare.
tern encircling the cofiin, marked by a circlet of c. caverno'sum clitor'idis, one of the two parallel

hair.
columns of erectile tissue forming the body of the
clitoris; they diverge at the root to form the crura.
coroniU'a. The dried herbage of several species of
c. caverno'sum con'chse, plexus cavemosi con-
Coronilla, a genus of leguminous herbs, resembling
charum [BNA], erectile tissue in the mucous membrane
broom in its medical properties ; dose as a diuretic, covering the nasal turbinated bones.
gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). c. caverno'sum pe'nis, one of two' columns of erectile
coron'illin. A glucoside from coronilla; dose, gr. tissue lying side by side on the dorsum of the penis;
I (0.06). they are separated posteriorly, forming the crura
coro'nion [G. dim of korone, crow.] The tip of the coro- penis, and are attached to the inner portion of the
noid process of the mandible, a craniometric point. arch of the pubis.
coronitis (kor-o-ni'(ne')tis). Inflammation of the c.caverno'sum ure'three [BNA], corpus spongiosum
the mesial column of erectile tissue, lying in the ure-
coronary cushion of the horse 's hoof, resulting in
thral sulcus, between and below the two corpora cav-
imperfect horn formation; villitis. ernosa penis it forms an expansion at either extremity
;

coronium (ko-ro'nl-um) [L. corona, crown. ] A the posterior being the bulbus urethrce, the anterior the
hypothetical element alleged to have been dis- glans penis; it is traversed by the urethra.
covered in volcanic gases; assumed by Nicholson c. cilia're, ciliary body, a thickened portion of the

to be one of the four protyles* out of which all tunica vasculosa of the eye between the chorioid and
the elements are formed. the iris it consists of three parts or zones: orbiculus
cor'onoid G koronS, a crow, -f- eidos, resembling.] ciliaris, corona ciliaris, and musculus ciliaris.
denta'tum, dentate body; (i) nucleus dentatus
c.
Shaped like a crow's beak, noting certain pro-
[BNA]; (2) nucleus olivaris.
cesses and other parts of bones, c. foss'a, fossa c. fimbria'tum [L. fimbriatus, fringed], (i) a white
coronoidea. c, process, processus coronoideus. band on the edge of the comu inferius of the lateral
 ,

CORTUS 233 CORPUSCULUM

ventricle of the brain; (2) the outer, ovarian, extremity corpuscle (kor'pus-l) [L corpusculum, dim. of corpus,
of the oviduct. body.] I. Primary atom, metabolon, electron.
senicula'tum exter'num, external geniculate body,
c.
2. Any small mass or body. 3. A blood cell.
0. geniculatum laterals [BNA].
genicula'tum inter'num, internal geniculate body,
c.
4. A non-nucleated cell, amniot'ic c, amyla'-
ceous c, am'yloid c, corpus ainylaceum. ax'ile
u. geniculatum mediale [BNA].
c, ax'is c, the central portion of a tactile i;.
c. genicula'tum latera'le [BNA], lateral geniculate
body, external geniculate body; an oval mass formed Bennett's c, Bizzozero's c, etc., see the proper
by a bulging of the posterior part of the thalamus names, blood c, blood cell, leucocyte or
external to the pulvinar. erythrocyte, bone c, bone cell, bul'boid t.,
c. genicula'tum media'le [BNA], medial geniculate corpusculum bulboideum. calca'reous c, one
body, internal geniculate body; an elongated rounded of the dentinal cells of the teeth containing
elevation behind the pulvinar of the thalamus. earthy salts, car'tilage u., cartilage cell,
c. glandulo'sum, glandula prostata muliebris, cement' c, one of the bone-forming cells in
spongy tissue at the orifice of the meatus urinarius in
the cementum of the tooth, chro'mophile c, Nis-
the female.
High'mori, c. highmoria'num, mediastinum testis.
c.
sel 's* body, chyle c, a cell of the same appear-
hypothalam'icuin, nucleus hypothalamicus.
c. ance as a leucocyte, present in chyle, colloid c,
c. lu'teum [L. luteiis, golden-yellow], a yellowish corpus amylaceum. colos'trum c, a large granu-
body at the surface of the ovary marking the site of a lar cell in colostrum, concen'tric c, Hassall 's*
ruptured Graafian follicle. corpuscle, cor'neal c, a flattened connective-
c. Luy'si, Luys' body, nucleus hypothalamicus.
tissue cell found between the laminse of fibrous
c. mamilU're, pi. cor'pora jMomtUo'rioL BNA], ma-
tissue in the cornea, dust c, see hemoconia.
millary body, one of two pea-sized white bodies lying
at the base of the brain in the interpeduncular space
end c, corpusculum nervorum terminale. exu-
in front of the substantia perforata posterior. da'tion t,, exudation cell, a. cell present in an
c. meduUa're cerebell'i [BNA], the interior white exudate which assists in the organization of new
substance of the cerebellum. tissue, fer'tilizing c, spermatozoon. gan'gUon
c. oken'se, Oken's body. Wolffian* body. c, gen'ital c, one of the end corpuscles on the
c. oliva're» oliva. external genitals, germ c, ovum, ghost c,
c. oryzoid'euin, one of the rice-like bodies found in
phantom c. giant c, giant cell, inflamm'-
hygromata tendon-sheaths, and joints; similar bodies
,

atory u., exudation c. lam'ellated u., cor-

are sometimes seen in the sputum.
c. pampinifor'me, parovarium. pusculum lamellosum. lymph c, lymphat'ic
c. papilla're [BNA], papillary body, stratum papil- c, lym'phoid c, a leucocyte found in the lymph
lare, the superficial portion of the corium, consisting and also in the blood, mar'ginal c, Gian-
of a close-meshed connective tissue containing a few nuzzi's crescent, med'ullary c, odontoblast.
flattened cells. mi'gratory c, wandering cell, milk c, one of the
c. pinea'le [BNA], pineal body, pineal gland, cona-
fat droplets in milk, znollus'cum c, one of a.
rium, epiphysis cerebri, a small flattened body, shaped
number of minute bodies, whether protozoan
somewhat like a pine cone (whence two of its names)
parasites or degenerated cells it is undecided,
lying in the depression between the two superior quad-
rigeminal bodies below the splenium of the corpus found in the affected epithelial cells in molluscum
callosum;it is connected with the thalami by a hollow contagiostun. mucous c, a cell resembling a
stalk,the habenula, but is not itself a part of the brain, lymph corpuscle present in mucus, mus'cular c,
containing few nervous elements; it is a rudimentary the nucleus of a striated muscular fiber, nerve
glandular structure, being composed of follicles con- c, (r) neuron; (2) one of the nuclei under the
taining epithelial glands and lime concretions, called neurilemma in a medullated nerve fiber, nu'clear
brain-sand.
c, nucleoltis. oss'eous c, bone cell, phantom c,
c. psalloi'des, (i) fornix [BNA]; (2) commissura
hippocampi [BNA]. ghost c, shadow c, a red blood cell which has lost
c. pyramida'le, pyramis meduUae oblongatae.
its color through loss of its hemoglobin, achroma-
corp'ora quadrigem'ina [BNA], quadrigeminal bodies, tocyte. plastic c, exudation c. polar c, centro-
optic lobes, four rounded eminences forming the dorsal some. pus c, one of the leucocytes constituting
portion of the mesencephalon; together they constitute the formed elements in pus. red c, erythrocyte.
the lamina quadrigemina. salivary c, one of the leucocytes present in saliva.
c. restifor'me [BNA], restiform body, inferior cere-
shadow E., phantom c. splenic c, Malpighian c.
bellar peduncle, a bundle of nerve fibers on either side
starch c, corpus amylacetun. tactile c, corpus-
of the medulla, running upward, outward, and back-
ward from the medulla to the cerebellum. culum tactus. tendon c, one of the connective-
c. rhomboida'le, c. rhomboid'eum, c. dentatum (i). tissue cells present between the fibers of tendons.
c. spongio'sum, spongy body, c. cavernosum urethras ter'minal c, end c, corpusculum* nervorum
[BNA]. terminale. third c, Hayem's c, platelet, thy-
c. spongio'sum ure'thrse [BNA], the submucous coat mus c, Hassall 's t. touch c, corpusculum
of the female urethra, containing a venous network tactus. white c, leucocyte.
which insinuates itself between the muscular layers giv- corpus'cular. Relating to a corpuscle.
ing to them an erectile nature.
body of the sternum, mesostemum, corpus'culum, pi. corpus'cula [L. dim. from corpus,
c. ster'ni,
gladiolus. body.] Corpuscle. c. bulboid'eum [BNA],
c. stria'tum, striate body, the caudate and lentiform Krause's bulb-like corpuscle, end-bulb of
(lenticular) nuclei considered as one structure, a striate Krause, one of the nerve terminals in the lips,
appearance on section being caused by connecting glans penis, and other parts; it consists of a
bands of gray matter passing from one to the other spheroid capsule enclosing elongated and polyg-
nucleus through the intervening white matter of the
onal cells between which are the club-shaped
internal capsule.
trapezoid terminations of the nerve fibrils, c. lamello'sum
c. trapezoid'eum [BNA], c. trapezoid'es,
body, a collection of transverse fibers running through [BNA], lamellated corpuscle of Vater, of Herbst,
the central portion of the pons, arising from the nucleus or of Pacini; one of the small oval bodies in the
cochlearis. skin of the fingers, in the mesentery, and else-
c. triti'ceum, cartilago triticea. where, formed of concentric layers of connective
c. u'teri, body of the womb, the part
of the uterus
tissue with a soft core in which the axis cylinder
above the orificium internum. up into a number of fibrils which
runs, splitting
c. ver'tebrse [BNA], body of a vertebra.
terminate in bulbous enlargements, t. nervo'-
c. vif reum, vitreous body.
 CORPUSCULUM 234 CORYZA

rum articula're, pi. corpuscula nervo'rum ar- two rows of these cells,
like processes; there are
ticula'ria [BNA], an articular nerve corpuscle, one on either side of the tunnel of C. C.'s
see c. nervorum terminale. c. nervo'rum genita'- gang'lion, ganglion spirale. C.'s mem'brane,
le, pi. corpus' cula nervo'rum genita'lia [BNA], membrana tectoria. C.'s or'gan, organon spirale.
genital nerve corpuscles, see c. nervorum ter- C.'s pil'lars, C.'s rods. C.'s rods, pillar cells,
minale. c. nervo'rum termina'Ie, pi. corpus'- supporting cells of the organ of C.
they consist
;

cula nervo'rum termina'lia [BNA], one of the of two sets, inner and outer, which rest with their
terminal corpuscles of the nerves; these are: bases wide apart on the basilar membrane, while
Krause's bulb-like corpuscles, Vater's or Pacini's their heads are in contact, forming thus a spiral
lamellated corpuscles, Meissner's touch cor- duct, tunnel of C. C.'s teeth, Hiischke's* teeth.
puscles, genital and articular corpuscles, c. C.'s tun'nel, the spiral canal in the organ of C,
re'nis [BNA], Malpjghian corpuscle, the capsula formed by the outer and inner pillar cells or rods
glomeruli and its inclosed capillaries in the of C. it is filled with fluid and occasionally crossed
;

kidney, in which the secretion of the water of by non-meduUated nerve fibers.

the urine occurs, c. tac'tus [BNA], touch cor'tical. Relating to the cortex, in any sense.
corpuscle, Meissner's corpuscle; one of very corticifugal ( kor-t!-sif 'ugal) [L. cortex, rind, bark,
numerous oval bodies found in the papillEe of + Passing in a direction away
fugere, to flee.]
the corium, especially that of the fingers and from the outer surface, noting especially nerve
toes they consist of a connective-tissue capsule in
: fibers conveying impulses away from the brain
which the axis-cylinder fibrils terminate in discoid cortex.
or rounded enlargements. corticipetal (kor-tl-sip'e-tal) [L. cortex, rind, bark, +
corrective (kor-eVtiv). i. Counteracting, modify- petere, to seek.] Passing in a direction toward the
ing or changing what is injurious. 2. drug A outer surface, noting especially nerve fibers con-
which modifies or corrects an undesirable or in- veying impulses toward the cerebral cortex.
jurious effect of another drug. cor"tico-aff'erent. Corticipetal.
Cor'rigan's cau'tery [Sir Dominic John Corrigan, cor"tico-eff'erent. Corticifugal.
Irish pathologist and clinician, 1802-1880.] A corticospi'nal. Relating to the cerebral cortex
thick iron wire, with a disc or rounded button on and the spinal cord.
its curved extremity, for use as a cautery. C.'s corun'dum. Native crystalline aluminum oxide.
disease', (i) pulmonary cirrhosis; (2) insufficiency coruscation (kor-us-ka'shun) [L. coruscare, to flash.]
of the aortic valves. C.'s line, the blue line on A subjective sensation as of a flash of light be-
the giuns in cases of lead poisoning. C.'s pulse, fore the eyes.
the water-hammer pidse* of aortic insufficiency. Corvisart's disease' (kor-ve-sar') [Jean Nicolas
C.'s respira'tion, the blowing expiration of typhus Corvisart, Parisian physician, 1755-1821.] Chronic
fever. C.'s sign, retarded pulsation in abdominal hypertrophic myocarditis. C.'s fa'cies, the fades
aneurysm. of cardiac insufficiency.
cor'rigent [L. corrigere, to correct.] Corrective. cor'ybantism [G. korybas, a priest of Cybele.] Wild
corrode (kfi-rod') [L. corrodere, to gnaw.] To wear delirium with hallucinations.
away gradually by pressure, as in case of the tis- corydalin (kor-id'al-in). A brownish yellow bitter
sues by a tumor or aneurysm, or by chemical extractive from corydalis, employed in the skin
action, as in case of the enamel of the teeth by affections of syphilis and scrofula, in doses of gr.
acid secretions. 1-3 (0.06—0.2).
corrosion (kfi-ro'zhun) [L. corrodere; con-, together, corydaline (kor-id'al-en). An alkaloid, Ci.HiaNO^,
-I- rodere, to gnaw.] Disintegration; specifically, from corydalis; tonic and diuretic in doses of gr.
in dentistry, the carious disintegration of the sur- i-i (0.03-0.06).
face of a tooth, as distinguished from the wearing coryd'alis [G. korydallis, the crested lark, referring to
away of the surface by chemical or mechanical the shape of the flower.] (N.F.) The tuber of
action; see erosion. «
Corydalis {Bicuculla) canadensis, turkey pea,
corrosive (k6-ro'siv). i. Causing the wearing away wild hyacinth, turkey corn, squirrel corn; tonic
or disintegration of any part or structure. 2. and alterative in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0), or
An agent which produces corrosion, such as an iTjio (0.6) of the N.P. fluidextract.
acid. c. sub'limate, mercuric chloride, hydrar- cor'yfin. The ethyl glycolic acid ester of menthol; a
gyri chloridum corrosivum. colorless oily fluid recommended as a substitute
corr'osol. A proprietary remedy said to contain for menthol as an external application in head-
cacodylate and succinate of mercury with a local ache, coryza, and catarrhal affections of the
anesthetic; recommended as a mercurial for pharynx and nasopharynx.
hypodermic use and said to be painless. cor'ymb [G. korymbos, a cluster of flowers.] A
corr'ugator [L. corrugare, to wrinkle.] A muscle raceme in which the lower flower stalks are so
which draws together the skin, causing it to much longer than the upper ones that they ter-
wrinkle, u. cu'tis a'ni, c. supercil'ii, see under minate on a level, forming a flat, or nearly flat,
musculus. surface.
cor'tex, gen. cor'ticis, pi. cor'tices [L. bark.] i. The Corynebacterium (k6-ri"ne-bak-te'ri-um) [G. koryne,
"bark or outer investment of the trunk, roots, and
branches of a tree.
club, -I- bacterium.'l A genus of bacilli, charac-
2. The outer portion of an terized by club-shaped swellings and meta-
organ such as "the kidney, as distinguished from chromatic granules at the extremities, and by
the inner, or medullary, portion. 3. The exter- branching forms in old cultures. C. commu'ne,
nal plicated layer of gray matter covering the
the pseudodiphtheria bacillus. C. diphthe'rice,
hemispheres of the cerebrum and cerebellum. the diphtheria bacillus. 0. granulomato'sis
Corti's arch (kor'te) [Alfonso Corti, ItaUan histolo-
malig'ni, C. hodgkini. C. hodg'klni, a diph-
gist, 1822-1888.] The arch formed by the theroid bacillus found in a case of Hodgkin's dis-
junction of the heads of C.'s rods. C.'s canal', oase. C. lym'phas vaccina'Us, a bacillus found
C.'s tunnel. C.'s cells, hair cells of the organ of occasionally in vaccine lymph. C. mal'lei, the
C. short columnar nucleated cells from the free
;
glanders bacillus.
extremity of which project a number of fine hair- coryza (k6-ri'zah) [G.] Acute rhinitis,'* cold in the
CORYZA ^35 COTYLOID

head. c. foet'ida,ozaena. t. cBdemato'sa, an costosupe'rior. Relating to the upper ribs.

edema of the submucous connective tissue cov- cos'totome [L, casta, rib, + G. tame, incision.] An
ering the middle and inferior turbinated bodies. instnunent, knife or shears, designed for cutting
Trade name of a preparation contain-
cory'zol. through a rib.
ing of eucalyptus and formaldehyde, recom-
oil costot'omy. Division or exsection of a rib; costec-
mended in the treatment of coryza by inhala- tomy.
tion. costotransverse (kos- to- trans- vurs'). Relating to
cosapiin (ko'sa,-prin). Sodium acetsulphanilate, a the ribs and the transverse processes of the verte-
light greenish crystalline powder or whitish brae articulating with them. c. fora'men, fora-
masses, soluble in water; antipyretic in doses of men transversarium [BNA]. c. lig'amen s, three
gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). ligaments, anterior, middle, or interosseous, and
Coschwitz's duct (kosh'vits) [Georgius Daniel posterior, attaching the rib to the transverse
Coschwitz, German physician, 1679-1729.] A process of a thoracic vertebra.
supposed salivary duct said to proceed from the costovertebral (kos-to-vur'te-bral). Costocentral.
submaxillary and sublingual glands and to form costoxiphoid (kos-to-zi'foyd). Relating to the
an arch over the dorsum of the tongue; von ribs and the xiphoid cartilage of the stemiun.
Haller showed the duct to be a vein. Cotard's syn'drome (kii-tar') [Jules Cotard, French
coscin'ium [G. koskinon, a. sieve] (B.A.) The neurologist, 1840— 1887.] A
form of depressive
dried stem of Coscinium fenestratum, an Indian insanity with delusions of negation and suicidal
herb; bitter tonic similar to calumba. impulse.
cosmesis (koz-me'sis) [G. kosmesis, an adorning.] cotar'git. Trade name of a compound of ferric
A regard in therapeutics, especially in surgical chloride and cotamine hydrochlorate hemo- ;

operations, for the appearance of the patient; a static.

resort to an operation which will improve the cotamine (ko'tar-nen) [a transposition of narcotine.]
looks, or avoidance of one which will mutilate or An alkaloidal principle, C12H1SNO4, derived from
disfigure in any way. narcotine by the action of oxydizing agents;
cosmet'ic. Relating to cosmesis; noting anything, astringent, c. hydrochlo'ride, cotarni'nae hy-
especially a surgical or dental operation which drochlor'idum (U.S.), stypticin, occurs in rose
will improve the appearance of a person or pre- colored granular crystals; employed in hemor-
vent disfigurement. rhage, especially uterine hemorrhage, locally in
cosmobion, pi. cosmo'hia (koz-mo'bl-on) G. kosmos, per cent, solution, or internally in doses
I or 2
a set form or order, + bios, life.] Any bilateral \-2 (0.015-0.13). c. phthal'ate, styptol,
of gr.
symmetrically developed organism, as distin- a yellow crystalline powder, employed as a uter-
gtiished from one in which the two sides are not ine hemostatic in doses of gr. f (o 05) from three
.

symmetrical, i.e. a deformity. to five times a day.

cosxnoline (koz'mo-len). Trade name of various COTe. AlDbreviation of cathodal opening tetanus.
preparations of solid and liquid paraffin, re- co'to. The bark of an unidentified tree in Bolivia;
sembling vaseline. employed as an astringent in diarrhea and the
cos'ta, gen. cosi<e [L.] Rib. c. fluc'tuans, floating night sweats of phthisis in doses of gr. 1-7J
rib. fluc'tuans dec'ima, Stiller's* sign.
c. c. (0.06-0.5).
spu'ria, false rib. u. ve'ra, true rib. cotoin (ko'to-in). A bitter principle, Ci4Hi204,
cos'tal. Relating to a rib. c. car'tilage, the car- obtained from coto bark, occurring in the form
tilaginous portion of a rib at its anterior extremity of a yellow crystalline powder; dose gr. J-2
articulating with the sternum, t. tuberos'ity, (0.03-0.13). c. formal'dehyde, fortoin.

tuberositas costalis. Cott'ing's opera'tion [Benjamin E. Catting, Ameri-

costal'gia [L. casta, rib, +
G. algos, pain.] Pleuralgia. can surgeon, 1812— 1S98.] Cutting off the
costec'tomy + G. ekiom^, excision.]
[L. casta, rib flesh at each side of the toe in cases of ingrowing
Exsection of a rib; costotomy. toenail.
costicar'tilage. Costal* cartilage. cott'on. The white fluffy fibrous covering of the
cos'tifonn [L. casta, rib, + forma, form.] Rib- seeds of a plant of the genus Gossypium; used
shaped. extensively in surgical dressings, and the bark
cos'tive [contraction from L. cansiipare, to press of the root is employed as an emmenagogue see ;

together.] Constipated, especially by reason of gossypium.

dryness of the feces rather than as a consequence cott'onoid. Trade name of a preparation of ab-
of muscular atony. sorbent cotton for surgical use.
cos'tiveness. Constipation; a condition in which Cotugno's aq'ueduct, canal', etc. (ko-toon'yo).
the stools are infrequent, scanty, and dry. See under Cotunnius.
costocen'tral. Relating to the ribs and the bodies Cotun'nius's aq'ueduct [Latinized name of Domenico
of the thoracic vertebrae with which they articu- Cotugno, Neapolitan anatomist, 1736-1822.]
late. Aquaeductus vestibuli. C.'s canal', C/s aqueduct.
costochondral (kos-to-kon'dral). Relating to the C.'s disease', sciatica. C.'s liq'uid, liquor Cotun-
costal cartilages. perilymph. C.'s nerve, nasopalatine nerve.
nii,

costoclavic'ular. Relating to the ribs and the C.'s space, the sac of the membranous labyrinth

clavicle. containing the endolymph.

costocor'acoid. Relating to the ribs and the cotyle (kot'i-le) [G. kotyle, a socket, cup.] Acetab-
coracoid process of the scapula. ulum.
costogenic (kos-to-jen'ik) [L. casta, rib, -|- G. gene- cotyredon [G. katyledon, the hollow of a cup.] 1.
sis, origin.] Pleurogenic (2). The rudimentary leaf in the seed or embryo of a
(kos-to-in-fe'ri-or). Relating to the plant. 2. One of the aggregations of villi on
costoinferioT
lower ribs.
the chorionic surface of the placenta.
to the ribs and the cot'yloid [G. katyle, a small cup, -f eidos, appear-
costoscap'ular. Relating
ance.] I. Cup-shaped, cup-like. 2. Acetabular,
scapula.
Musculus serratus anterior. relating to the cotyloid cavity or acetabtilum.
costoscapula'Tis.
costoster'nal. Relating to the ribs 'and the sternum. c. cav'ity, acetabulimi. t. lig'ament, labrum
COTYLOID 236 COXARTHRITIS

the acetabulum. c. notch, inci- counter-punc'ture. Counteropening.

glenoidale of
sura acetabuli. coun'terstain. A
second stain of different color,
Cotylogon'imus [G. koiyle, cup, + gonimos, pro- having affinity for other tissues or cells than those
ductive.] A
genus of Trematoda or flukes, one taking the primary stain, employed to render
species of which, C. heteroph'yes, occurs in dogs more distinct the parts taking the first stain.
and cats in Egypt and has been found in a few coup de fouet (koo-de-foo-a') [Fr. stroke of a whip..
cases in man. Lawn-tennis leg, rupture of the plantaris muscle]
couch-grass (kowch'gras). Triticum. coup de soleil (koo-de-s6-lay') [Pr.] Sunstroke.
couching (kow'ching) [Fr. coucher, to lay down, to couple (kup'l). To copulate, noting especially the
put to bed.] Operation for cataract, consist- performance of the act by the lower animals.
ing in displacing the lens downward out of the cour'ses [Fr. course; L. cursus, a running, flowing.]
line of vision by means of a needle-shaped instru- Menses, catamenia.
ment, the couching-needle. court -plaster (kort'plas-tur). Thin silk coated with
A sudden explosive forcing of isinglass, used as a protective for slight cuts and
cough (kawf). i.
air through the excited by an effort to
glottis, abrasions.
Courvoisier's law (koor-vwah-ze-a') [Louis G.
expel mucus or other matter from the bronchial
tubes or larynx. 2 To force air through the glottis
.
Couruoisier, French surgeon, 1843-1918.] A
by a series of expiratory efforts, bark'ing c, cyno- tumor of the head of the pancreas occasions dila-
bex. compres'sion c, c. excited by a growth com- tation of the gall-bladder. C.'s sign, a greatly

pressing one of the larger bronchial tubes, ear-c, distended gall-bladder, in case of obstruction in
a reflex c, through the auricular branch of the the common duct, speaks in favor of a tumor rather
pneumogastric, excited by irritation in the than an impacted calculus.
external auditory canal, hebet'ic t., a nervous Courvoisier-Terrier syndrome (koor-vwah-si-a'
c. occurring frequently at puberty, and sometimes ter-I-a' sin'drom). Retention jaundice, de-
simulating tuberculosis, re'flex c, a c. excited coloration of the feces, and dilatation of the
reflexly by irritation in some distant part, as the gall-bladder, indicating obstruction due to a
ear or the stomach, stom'ach c, a reflex c. ex- neoplasm of Vater's ampulla.
cited at times by irritation of the gastric mucous coussin (koo'sin). Cosin, koussin; the active prin-
membrane, win'ter c, chronic bronchitis, of the ciple, glucoside, of cusso, employed as a teniacide
aged especially, coming on with the advent of in doses of gr. 20-40 (i 3-2 6). . .

cold weather and continuing until late spring. cou'sso. Cusso.

coulomb (koo-lom') [see Coulo?nb's law.] A
unit Couton's disease' (koo-toii'). Tuberculous
of quantity of electricity, tV °f the absolute spondylosis.
electromagnetic unit, the amount furnished by a couvercle (koo-ver'kl) [Fr. cover, lid.] An external
current of one ampere in one second. coagulum.
Coulomb's law (koo-lom') [Charles Augustin de couveuse (koo-v6z') [Fr. a. brooder.] An incubator
Coulomb, French physicist, 1736-1806. ] The for premature infants.
force of attraction or repulsion between two cov'er-glass. A
thin glass disc or scale covering the
electrically charged bodies varies directly as object examined under the microscope.
the charge of electricity and inversely as the cowhage (kow'aj). Mucuna, the hairs of the pods
distance between the bodies. of Mucuna pruriens employed as an anthelmintic
coumarin (koo'mah-rin) [coumarou, native name of acting as an irritant to both the worm and its host.
Tonka bean.] (N.F.) Cumarin, coumaric an- cow-hocked, A
condition in the horse due to
hydride, ortho-oxycinnamic anhydride; a neutral breadth of the pelvis or the inward direction of
principle obtained from Tonka bean, Dypterix the tibial bones which brings the hocks too close
{Coumarouma) odoraia, and made synthetically to each other; the hind cannons run forward
from salicylic aldehyde; antispasmodic and nar- and the hind toes turn outward.
cotic, and is used to disguise the odor of iodo- Cow'ling's rule. The dose of any drug for a child
form. is that fraction of the adult dose obtained by
coun'ter-die. The hollow reverse of a die, used in dividing the age of the child at the nearest
swaging. birthday by 24.
coimterextension (kown"tur-ek-sten'shun). The re- cowl-muscle. Musculus trapezius, cucullaris.
sistance, or back-pull, made to extension on a Cow'per's cyst [William Cowper, London anatomist,
limb; in the case of extension made on the leg, 1666-1709.] A retention cyst of one of C.'s
for example, counferextension may be effected glands. C.'s gland, glandula bulbourethralis.
by raising the foot of the bed so that the weight Cowpe'rian. Relating to Cowper,* as C. cyst
of the body pulls against the weight attached to and C. gland.
the limb. cowperitis (kow-per-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of
counterlrritant (kown"tur-ir'i-tant). i. An agent Cowper's glands.
which causes irritation or a mild inflammation of cow'pox. Vaccina, vaccinia
the skin with the object of relieving a deep-seated cow's-tail. Erigeron,
inflammatory process; a derivative. 2. Relat- cox'a, gen. and pi. cox'is [L.] 1. Hip-bone, os
ing to or producing counterirritation. innominatum. 2. va'ra [L. varus,
Hip-joint, c.
counterirrita'tion. Derivation; irritation or mild crooked], curvature, usually racliitic, of the neck
inflammation (redness, vesication, or pustulation) of the femur, causing adduction of the thigh and
of the skin excited for the purpose of relieving apparent shortening of the limb.
an inflammation of the deeper structures. coxag'ra [L. coxa, hip, +
G. agra, seizure.] i.
counteropening (kown-tur-o'pen-ing). A second Gout in the hip-joint. 2. Coxaigia(r).
opening made at the dependent part of an abscess cozal'gia [L. coxa, hip, + G. algos, pain.] i, Coxo-
or other cavity containing fluid, which is not dynia, pain in the hip. 2. Coxitis, hip-joint
draining satisfactorily through an opening pre- disease.
viously m.ade. coxarthritis (koks-ar-thri'(thre')tis) [L. coxa, hip,
counter-poison (kown-tur-poy'zun). x. Antidote. -I- G. arthron, joint, -1- -His.] Coxalgia, coxitis,
;j. Antitoxin. hip- joint disease.
DXARTHROCACE 237 CRANIOPHORE
larthrocace (koks-ar-throk'a-se) [L. co«a, hip, + craniec'tomy [G. kranion, skull, + ektome, excision.]
G. arihron, joint, + kakos, bad.] Disease of the Exsection of a portion of the skull, lin'ear c,
hip-joint. linear section, sometimes exsection of a strip of
xltis (kok-si'(se')tis). Inflammation of the hip- the skull to relieve compression of the brain.
joint; hip- joint disease. cranio-au'ral. Relating to the skull and the ear.
zodyn'ia [L. coxa, hip, + G. odyne, pain.] Pain craniocele (kra'ne-o-sel) [G. kranion, skull, 4- kele,
in the hip- joint, coxalgia. hernia.] Encephalocele.
xof em'oral. Relating to the innominate bone and craniocer'ebral. Relating to the skull and the brain.
the femur. cranioclasia, cranioclasis (kra-nil-o-kla'sj-ah, kra-
nl-ok'la-sis) [G. kranion, skull, + klasis, a break-
p. Abbreviation for chemically pure.
ing.] Crushing of the feta^ sktill in cases of
'. Chemical sjrmbol of chromium.
dystocia.
ab. I. A
crustacean, many varieties of which
cra'nioclast [G. kranion, cranium, + klao, I break
are edible. .1. A crab-louse. 3. A bruise, c. in pieces.] An instrument like a strong forceps
hand, an erysipelatoid eruption, or progressive
used for crushing and extracting the fetal head
cellulitis, of the hand following a scratch by the
after perforation.
shell of a crab or other shellfish; seemingly occur-
cra'nioclasty. Cranioclasia.
ring only in susceptible individuals, c. louse, craniocleidodysostosis (kra"ni[-o-kli"do-dis-os-to'sis)
Phthirius inguinalis or P. pubis, a parasite infest- [G. kranion, skull, -t- kleis(kleid-), key (clavicle),
ing the pubis and neighboring hairy parts of the + dys-, bad, + osteon, bone, 4- -osis.] A con-
body. genital condition marked by deficient and de-
rab'-Orchard Springs, Kentucky. Sulphated-sa- fective ossification of the clavicles and bones of
line waters. Used in the man\ifacture of the the skull and face.
Crab Orchard salts, and as a laxative and craniofacial (kra"nI-o-fa'shal). Relating to both
cathartic. The salts contain about 65 per cent, skull and face. c. ang le, the angle made at the
magnesium sulphate. midpoint of the sphenoethmoidal- suture by the
irbs'-eyes. ±. the seeds of Abrus
Jequirity, meeting of the basifacial and basicranial axes.
precaiorius, Concretions from the stomach of
-j. t. ax'is, a straight line passing through the
the crawfish, Astacus fluviatilis; employed as mesethmoid, presphenoid, basisphenoid, and
eyestones for removing foreign bodies from the basioccipital bones, c. notch, a defect in the
conjunctiva; and internally, in powder form, as osseous partition between the orbital and nasal
an antacid in doses of gr 10—30 (0.6-2.0). cavities.
acked-pot sound. See under resonance. craniognomy (kra-nl-og'no-ml) [G. kranion skull, +
a'dle. A frame employed to keep the bedclothes gnome, judgment.] Phrenology; the determina-
from pressing on a fractured or wounded part. tion, of the character, temperament, tendencies,
aft -palsy (kraft'pawl-zl). A professional neurosis, etc., of the individual by a study of the external
such as writer's cramp. configuration of the cranium.
rafts' test [Leo ' M
Crafts, American neurolo-
. cra'niograph. An instrument for making drawings:
gist, *i863.] Stroking with a blunt point to scale of the diameters and general configura-
upward over the dorsal surface of the ankle, tion of the skull.
the leg being horizontal and the muscles re- craniog'raphy [G. kranion, skull, -I- graphs, draw-
laxed, causes dorsal extension of the great toe ing.] The art of representing by drawings, made
in cases of organic disease of the pyramidal from measurements, the configuration of the
tracts. skull and the relations of its angles and cranio-
raigia (kra'gi-ah) [Charles P. Craig, U. S. Army metric points.
surgeon, *i872.] A genus of ameboid and craniology (kra-nl-ol'o-jl) [G. kranion, skull, +
flagellated protozoans, parasitic in the human -logia.] The science dealing with variations in
intestine, causing dysentery-like symptoms; size, shape, and proportion of the cranium, espe-

possibly the same as Paramoeba. Two species cially with the variations characterizing the differ-
are recognized. Cr. hom'inis and Cr. mi'grans. ent races of men.
aigiasis (kra-gi'-a-sis) [see Craigia.] Infection praniomalacia (kra"nI-o-mal-a'sl(-ah) [G. kranion,
with Craigia hominis, giving dysenteric skull, + m^alakia, softness.] Softening of the
symptoms. bones of the skull.
ame'ria. Krameria. crsmiom'eter. An instrument for measuring the
amp. I. A painful tonic muscular contraction; diameters of the skull.
spasm. Griping pain in the intestine; colic.
2. craniomet'ric. Relating to craniometry, c. points,
3. A professional neurosis, qualified, according the various prominences or other marks on the
to the occupation of the sufferer, as seamstress 's c, skull used as fixed points in craniometry; a list
telegrapher's t., violinist's o., writer's c, etc. of these is given under point, they are defined
intermitt'ent c, tetany. under their respective titles, and are illustrated
amp-bark. The bark of Viburnum opulus. for the most part in the plate facing skull.
amp'ton's line [Sir Philip Crampton, Irish surgeon, craniom'etry [G. kranion, skull, -I- metron, measure.]
1777-185S.] A
line from the apex of the cartilage Measurement of the skull and the study of its
of the last rib downward and forward nearly to topography.
the crest of the ilium, then forward parallel with craniop'agus [G. kranion, skull, -f pagos, solid;
it to a little below the anterior superior spine; a pegnymi, I make fast.] A twin monster with
guide to the common iliac artery. C.'s muscle, fused skulls; see janiceps, syncephalus. c. para-
the radiating fibers of the ciliary muscle. siticus, a variety of c. in which one fetus is
a'nial. Relating to the cranium. rudimentary in form and parasitic on the other.
craniophaiyngeal (kra"nI-o-far-in'je-al). Relating
aniamphitomy (kra-ni(-am-fit'o-mi) [G. kranion,
skull, + amphi, around, + tome, cutting.] A to the cavity of the skull and to the pharynx.
cra'niophore [G. kranion, skull, -I- phoras, bearing.]
decompression operation of wide extent, the
entire circumference of the calvarium being
An apparatus for holding a skull while its angles
divided.
and diameters are measured.
CRANIOPLASTY 238
CREDE'S METHOD

cra'sis [G. krasis, a mingling.] Constitution, temper-

cra'nioplasty [G. kranion, skull, +
plassd, I form.]
ament,
The operative repair of a defect of the skull. Blood-clot, coagu-
(kra"ne-o-ra-kis'kI-sis) [G. crassamen'tum [L. thickness.]
craniorrhachischisis
kranion, skull, +
rhackis, spine, +
schists, a lum.
Congenital fissure of the skull and Crataegus (krS-te'gus) [G. krataigos, a flowering
cleaving.]
spinal column. thorny plant.] The ripe fruit of Cratasgus oxy-
acantha, hawthorn; employed in eclectic practice
in the treatment of various functional and or-
ganic cardiac disorders, especially when accom-
panied by rapid and irregular pulse; dose of the
specific preparation 5-20 drops in water three or
four times a day.
crater'iform [L. crater, bowl, -I- forma, shape.] Hol-
lowed like a bowl or a saucer.
crave (krav) [A.S. crafian.] To desire strongly, to
long for.
cra'ving. An urgent or imperative longing.
Craniopagus. craw-craw. A
term applied in West Africa to a
vesiculopustular skin eruption, attended with
craniosacral (kra-ni-o-sa'kral) . Relating to the itching. In some cases embryos of Filaria per-
skull and the sacrum, a term applied to the stans have been found in the vesicles, but they
craniobulbar and sacral ganglia and associated are not usually recognized as the cause of the
fibers which constitute the autonomic, as dis- disease which is regarded by most authorities
tinguished from the sympathetic nervous sys- as simply a pustular eczema. The name has
tem. also been given to papular and pustular eruptions
cranioschisis (kra-ne-os'kl-sis) [G. kranion, skull, + in the French Congo and on the Cameroon Coast.
schisis, a cleavage.] Congenital fissure of the craw'Iey-root. Corallorhiza.
skull. crealbin (kre-al'bin). An intestinal antseptic con-
cranios'copy [G. kranion, skull, +
skoped, I view.] sisting of a mixture of albumin and creolin.
Examination of the skull in the living subject for cream (krem) [L. cremor.] i. The upper fatty
phrenological, craniometrical, or diagnostic pur- layer which forms in milk on standing or which
poses. is separated from it by centrif ugaUzation it ;

craniospi'nal [G. kranion, skull, -f- L. spina, spine.] contains about the same amount of sugar and
Craniorrhachidian, relating to the cranium and protein as milk, but from 12 to 40 per cent,
spinal column. more of fat. 2. Any whitish viscid fluid resem-
craniostenosis (kra"nI-o-stS-no'sis) [G. kranion, bling cream, cold c, unguentum aqme rosse. c.
skull, -I- stenosis, a narrowing.] A
contraction of bis'muth, cremor bismuthi, made by tritur-
of the cranial capacity or narrowing of its fora- ating 20 parts of hydrated oxide of bismuth with
mina by exostoses. 80 parts of water; used externally as a soothing
craniostosis (kra"ni-os-to'sis) [G kranion, skull, + application, t. of tar'tar, potassii bitartras. leu'-
ostosis, bony framework.] Premature ossification cocyte c, the upper milky layer (containing
of the skull and obliteration of its sutures. the leucocytes) in a mixture of blood and salt
craniotabes (kra"nI-o-ta'bez) [G. kranion, skull, -H solution, after the erythrocytes have been sedi-
L tabes, a wasting.] Circumscribed cranio- mented by centrifugalization.
malacia; a disease marked by the presence of cre'asote. Creosote.
areas of thinning and softening in the bones of cre'atine [G. kreas(kreat-), flesh.] A
crystallizable
the skull, usually of syphilitic or rachitic origin. alkaloid, CjHjNjOj, obtained from the juice of
cianlotome (kra'nl-o-t8m). An instrument de- flesh.
signed for perforation and crushing of the fetal creatinase (kre'S-tl-naz). A deoxidizing ferment
skull. which converts creatine into creatinine.
craniot'omy [G. kranion, cranium, -1- tome, a cut- creatine'mia, creatinae'mia. The presence of crea-
ting.] I Perforation of the head of the fetus, tine in the peripheral blood.
removal of the contents, and compression of the creatinine (kre-at'in-en). An alkaloidal derivative,
empty skull, when delivery by natural means is C(iH7N30, of creatine.
impossible. 2. Trephining; incision through one creatorrhea (kre-i-tor-re'ah) [G. kreas, flesh, +
of the cranial bones, as for decompression. rhoia, a flow.] The passage of undigested muscle
craniotonos'copy [G. kranion, skull, -f tonos, tone, fibers in the stool, as occurs in certain cases of
4- skoped, I examine.] Auscultatory percussion pancreatic disease.
of the cranium. creatotoxism (kre-5-to-toks'izm) [G. kreas(kreat-),
craniotrypesis (kra"ni-o-tri-pe'sis) [G. kranion, flesh, + toxikon, poison.] Creotoxism, meat
sktill, + trypesis, a boring.] Trephining of the poisoning.
skull. criche (kresh) [Pr.] A
day-nursery.
craniotympan'ic. Relating to the skull and the Credo's antisep'tic (kreh-da') [Benno C. CredS,
middle ear. German surgeon,* 1847.] Silver citrate, itrol.
cranltis (kra-ni'(ne')tis) [G. kranion, skull, + -itis.'] C.'s oint'ment, an ointment of colloidal silver, 15,
Inflammation of the bones of the skull. distilled water, 5, white wax, to, benzoinated lard,
cra'nium [L. G. kranion^ Skull, the bones of the
; 70 parts; dose, gr. 15—60 (1.0—4.0) by inunction.
head collectively; in a more limited sense, the C.'s sol'uble sil'ver, coUargol.
brain-pan, the bony case containing the brain, Credo's meth'od (kreh-da') [Karl Siegmund Franz
excluding the bones of the face. c. cerebra'le, Credi, German gynecologist and obstetrician,
cerebral cranium, calvaria, skiill-cap. c. vis- 1819-1892.] I. Instillation of one drop of a two
cera'le, visceral cranium, bones of the face. per cent, solution of silver nitrate into each eye of
crap'ulent, crap'ulous [L. crapula, drunkenness.] the newborn infant, to prevent ophthalmia neo-
Dnmken, suffering from alcoholic intoxication. natorum, z. Resting the hand on the fundus
 CREDE'S METHOD 239 CRESOFORM
uteri from the moment of the expulsion of the (0.3-2.0), and locally as an antiseptic for ulcers,
fetus, and gently rubbing in case of hemorrhage anthrax, and the skin lesions of tuberculosis, c.
or failing contraction; then, when the afterbirth phos'phate, phosote, a thick, oily liquid of bitter,
is loosened it is expelled by firm compression or astringent taste used in place of pure creosote in
;

squeezing of the fundus by the hand. doses of it!!2-io (0.13-0.6). c. phos'phite, creo-
cree'ping erup'tiou. Larva migrans. sote-phosphorous-ester, phosphotal, occurs in
cremas'ter [G. kremastos, hanging.] thin sheet, A crystal form; employed as a substitute for pure
partly muscle and partly fascia, enveloping the creosote in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). c. val'-
spermatic cord and testis; the muscular fibers erate, c. vale'rianate, eosote, a yellowish oily
are derived in part from the obliquus intemus liquid; used to check gastric fermentation and
abdominis, the fascia from the general superficial in tuberculosis; dose, 11J12-10 (0. 13-0. 6).
fascia of the abdomen. In the female the creoso'tum [G. kreas, flesh, + soier, preserver.]
structure is composed chiefly of fascia and par- (U. S. and Br.) Creosote, creasote a mixture of ;

tially envelops the round ligament of- the uterus. phenols chiefly guaiacol and creosol obtained
cremaster'ic. Relating to the cremaster muscle. during the distillation of wood-tar, preferably
cremate (kre-maf) [L. cremare, to bum.] To con- that derived from beechwood, occurring in the
simie by fire, especially to reduce the bodies of the form of a colorless or yellowish oily liquid having
dead to ashes in an intensely heated oven. a smoky aromatic odor and a pungent taste; it
crema'tion. The process of cremating or consiim- is employed in the treatment of tuberculosis by
ing the bodies of the dead by heat, as a substitute inhalation and internally in doses of iiei-io
for burial. (o 06-0 6) and also in fermentative dyspepsia.
. . , ,

cremato'riiun, cre'matory. A
furnace, with waiting creotox'in. Any toxin or poisonous principle
room, chapel, and other accessories, in which generated in meat by bacterial action.
the bodies of the dead are consumed by fire. creotox'ism [G. kreas, flesh meat, + toxikon, poison.]
cremnopho'bia [G, kremnos, precipice, + phobos, Poisoning by tainted meat.
fear.] Morbid fear of precipices or steep places. crep'itant [L. crepiiare, to crackle.] Crackling,
cre'mor [L.] Cream, c. bismu'thi, cream* of noting a fine r41e heard in pneumonia and in
bismuth, c. tar'tari, cream of tartar, potassii* certain other conditions.
bitartras. crepita'tion. i. Crackling; the quality of sound of a
cre'na [L. a notch.] A
notch, cleft. One of the crepitant rale, resembling that heard on rubbing
notches into which the opposing projections fit a lock of hair between the fingers. 2. The sensa-
in the cranial sutures, c. a'ni [BNA], anal or tion felt on placing the hand over the seat of a
gluteal cleft, the sulcus between the nates, c. fracture when the broken ends of the bone are
clu'niuni [L. clunis, buttock], i;. ani. c. cor'dis, moved.
i
one of the two furrows on the surface of the heart crep'itus. i. Crepitation, a. A noisy discharge
marking the division of the ventricles; sulcus of gas from the intestine, artic'ular t., the
longitudinalis. grating of a joint, bo'ny t., crepitation (2).
cre'nate, cre'nated [L. crena, a notch.] Notched, c. in'dux, 1;. re'dux, see r&le.
indented; noting the outline of a shriveled red cre'salol. Cresol, or cresyl, salicylate, a condensation
blood cell. c. leaf, one having a margin with product of salicylic acid with cresol, a white
broad rounded teeth. crystalline powder insoluble in water; employed
crena'tion. The process of becoming or state of in rheumatism and as an intestinal antiseptic
being crenated. in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0).
crenother'apy [A. krene, spring, + iherapeip., treat- cresamine (kres-am'in). A
solution of 25 per cent,
ment.] Crounotherapy. each of tricresol and of ethylenediamine power- ;

Cre'nothriz [G. krene, a spring, well, -I- thrix, hair.] fully bactericidal.
A genus of Chlamydobacteriacece, in which cell cre'sapol. Trade name of a mixture of cresols in
division occurs in one or three planes. soap.
cre'ofonn. Geoform. , cres'atin. An oily liquid, metacresyl acetate, used
creolal'bin. Crealbin. externally in the treatment of diseases fo the
cre'olin. A blackish brown syrupy preparation of mucous membrane of the upper respiratory
i to 2 per cent, solutions.
cresol; disinfectant in tract.
cre'osal. Tannosal, tannic acid ester of creosote; crescent (kres'ent) [L. crejcere, to increase.] 1. Any

a brown amorphous powder with the odor of figure of the shape of the moon in its first quarter,
creosote; astringent and antiseptic in doses of gr. i. The figure made by the gray columns or comua

5-1S (0.3-1.0).
on cross section of the spinal cord. 3. The
cre'osofonn. Creosote formaldehyde. primitive sexual form of the malignant malarial
cre'osol. Homoguaiacol, a slightly yellowish aro- parasite, developing later into the gametocyte,
matic liquid, CgHioOj, distilled from guaiac or or flagellated body, artic'ular c, meniscus artic-
from beechwood tar; internal antiseptic in doses ularis [BNA]. Gianuz'zi's c, see Gianuzzi.
of HEi-i (0.03-0.06). myop'ic c, a white or grayish white crescentic
CTeosomag'nesol. An antiseptic mixture of creo- patch in the fundus of the eye to the outer side
sote, magnesia, and potassa dose, gr. 1-2 (0.06-
;
of the optic disc, due to atrophy of the chorioid,
5-I3)- in posterior staphyloma.
cre'osotal. Creosote carbonate. crescentic (kres-sen'tik). Shaped like a crescent
creosote (kre'o-sot)- Creosotum. beech'wood c, or the moon in its first quarter.
creosote obtained from oleimi fagi, or beechwood cres'egol. See egols.

tar. c. car'bonate, creosoti carbonas (U.S.),

cre'sin. A brown liquid containing 25 parts
clear

creosotal, a thick yellowish liquid, odorless and of cresol in 7 5 parts of a solution of sodium cres-
oxylacetate; disinfectant.
tasteless; used as a substitute for creosote, and in
the treatment of croupous pneumonia, in doses
cre'sofonn. A mixture of creosote and formalde-
c. formal'dehyde, creoso-
hyde; employed as an external antiseptic and
of tj!5-io (0.3-0.6).
sometimes given internally in doses of gr. 10—30
form, an oily liquid recommended in the treat-
(0.6-2.0).
ment of tuberculous enteritis in doses of ntS-30
 CRISIS
CRESOL 240

cricophaiyn'geal. Relating to the cricoid cartilage

cre'sol (U.S.). Tolyl hydroxide, C6H4.OH.CH!, a
and the pharynx; noting a, muscle, musculus
straw-colored liquid, a mixture of the three
cricopharyngeus.
isomeric cresols, ortho-, meta-, and para-cresol,
cricothyreoideus (kri"ko-thi-re-o-id'e-tis). The cri-
obtained from coal-tar. Its properties are sirn-
cothyroid muscle, see musculus.
ilar to those of carbolic acid (phenol), but it is
cricothyreot'omy [G. tome, incision.] Division of
less poisonous; dose 15(^-2 (0.03-0.12).
Homosalicylic acid, oxytoluic acidj the cricoid and thyroid cartilages.
cresot'ic acid.
cricothy'roid. Relating to the cricoid and thyroid
an acid occurring in three isomeric forms (ortho-,
cartilages, c. ar'tery, arteria cricothyreoidea.
meta-, and para-), obtained from cresols; the
0. joint, articulatio cricothyreoidea, articulation
sodium sa!lt of paracresotic acid has been sug-
between the inferior comu of the thyroid and
gested as an antipyretic in doses of gr. 10-30
the side of the cricoid cartilage on either side. t.
(0.6-2.0).
lig'ament, ligamentum cricothyreoideum. c.
crest [L. crista.] i. A
ridge, especially a bony
mem'brane, membrana cricoth5rreoidea. c, mus-
ridge see crista.
; 2 The ridge of a horse's neck.
.

cle, musculus cricothyreoideus.

neu'ral c, the line along the neural canal where
cricot'omy [G. tome, incision.] Division of the
the neural folds meet. turTjinated c, crista eth-
cricoid cartilage.
moidalis; crista conchalis.
cricotracheotomy (kri-ko-tra-ke-ot'o-mi). Division
cres'yl. Cresol. c. hy'drate, cresol.
of the cricoid cartilage and the upper rings
cresylate (Icres'I-lat). Asalt of cresylic acid, or
of the trachea, for respiratory relief in case of
cresol. closure of the glottis.
cresyl'ic acid. Cresol. criminology (krim-i-nol'o-jl) [L. crimen, crime, -I- G.
cres'ylone. Trade name of a preparation said to be -logia.] Criminal anthropology; the branch of
similar to liquor* cresolis compositus. science which deals with the physical and mental
cre'ta [L.] Chalk, calcium carbonate, c. gal'Iica, characteristics of criminals.
French chalk, a magnesitun harder than
silicate crinogenic (krin-o-jen'ik) [G. krind, I separate, -I-
talc. c. prsepara'ta (U.S. and prepared Br.), gennao, I produce.] Causing secretion, stimu-
chalk, purified native calcium carbonate, a gray- lating a gland to increased function
ish white amorphous powder, usually moulded Cri'num asiat'icum. A plant of Asia, the poison
into cones; employed as a mild astringent and bulb, the juice of which is powerfully emetic
antacid, in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). and is also used as an arrow poison. C. ceylan'-
cre'tin [Fr. cretin.] An idiotic dwarf, the subject icum, a plant of southeastern Asia which has
of congenital myxedema. properties similar to those of squill and has been
cretinism (kre'tin-izm). Congenital myxedema, used as a substitute for this drug.
occurring both sporadically and endemically; it cripple (krip'l) [A. S. creopan, to creep.] A lame
appears during the first three years of life and re- person.
sults in an arrest of bodily growth and of mental Cripps' ob'turator [W. Harrison Cripps, English
development, the subjects of the disease being surgeon, contemporary.] A device for closing a
dwarfed idiots, fe'tal c, achondroplasia. gastric fistula. C.'s opera'tion, colostomy per-

cretinistic (kret-in-is'tik). Cretinous. formed by an incision at right angles to a line

cretinoid (kre'tl-noyd) [G. eidos, resemblance.] Re-
drawn from the left anterior-superior spine of
the ilium to the umbilicus.
sembling a cretin; presenting symptoms similar
to those of cretinism.
cri'sis [G. krisis, a separation, crisis.] A
i. sudden
change in the course of an acute disease. A
cretinous (kre'tl-nus). Relating to cretinism or a
disease which terminates by crisis is one in which
cretin.
a change for the better occurs suddenly (as in
cribb'ing or crib-biting. A habit, formed by a pneumonia), as distinguished from one which
horse when young, of biting at the manger or terminates by lysis.* 2.A period of biolog-
other objects; air is often sucked in at this ical change, as puberty. A paroxysmal pain
3.
time, hence the synonym wind-sucking. in an organ or circumscribed region of the body
crib'rate [L. cribrum, a sieve.] Perforated like a occurring in the course of tabes dorsalis. blood
sieve, or profusely pitted. c, (i) a suddenly appearing leucocytosis, indi-
cribra'tion. i. Sifting, passing through a sieve. 2. cating a change for the better in the course of a
The condition of being cribrate or numerously grave blood disease; (2) sudden appearance of a
pitted or punctured. large number of erythroblasts in the blood-stream
crib'rifonn [L. cribrum, a sieve, + forma, form.] bron'chial c, an attack of spasmodic coughing
Sieve-like; containing many perforations, c. occurring in tabes dorsaUs. cai'diac c, an
plate, lamina cribrosa of the ethmoid bone. attack of rapid heart action with suffocative
cribrum (krib'rum) [L. a sieve.] Lamina cribrosa . dyspnea, occurring in tabes dorsalis. clit'-
[BNA]. c. benedic'tum, area cribrosa [BNA]. oris c, sexual excitement occuring paroxysmally
Crichton-Browne'a sign (kri'ton) [Sir James Crich- in a woman suffering from tabes dorsalis. Dietl's
ton-Browne, English physician, *i84o.] A c, see Dietl. gas'tric c, an attack, usually of
slight tremor at the angles of the mouth and at several days' duration of severe pain in the
the outer canthus of each eye in beginning abdomen or around the waist, accompanied
general paresis. by nausea and vomiting and occasionally diar-
cricoarytenoid (kri-ko-S-rit'e-noyd) Relating to rhea, occurring in the course of, or preceding,
the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages. tabes dorsalis. hepat'ic c, an attack of severe
cricoarytsenoideus (kri-ko-i-rife-no-id'e-us). One pain in the region of the liver in tabes dorsalis.
of two muscles, which see under musculus. intes'tinal t., an attack similar to a gastric
cri'coid [G. krikos, a finger-ring, -t- eidos, form.j crisis occurring in the intestine, laryn'geal
Noting a cartilage of the larynx which resem- c, an attack of paralysis of the abductor,
bles a ring, cartilago cricoidea. or spasm of the adductor, muscles of the larynx
cricoidec'tomy [G. ekiome, excision.] Excision of with dyspnea and noisy respiration, occur
the cricoid cartilage. ring in tabes dorsalis. nephral'gic t., renal c.
ilSIS 241 CRISTA

oc'ular c, severe pain in the eyes with lacry- face of the frontal bone and ending at the foramen
[natiort and photophobia occurring sometimes caecum.
in the course o£ tabes pharyn'geal t. gal'li [B N A], cock's comb the anterior bulbate por-
dorsalis. ;

an attack of repeated swallowing move- tion of thelamina perpendicularis of the ethmoid bone,
t.,
projecting above the level of the cribriform plate; it
ments with abnormal sensations in the pharynx,
gives attachm.ent to the f alx cerebri.
occurring in tabes dorsalis. rec'tal c, severe
c. glute'a, gluteal crest or ridge, a line on the
paroxysmal pain in the rectum in certain cases
anterior surface of the femur, starting from about the
of tabes dorsalis. re'nal c, severe pain, resem- level of the lesser trochanter and merging below into
bling renal colic, occurring sometimes in tabes the outer hp of the linea aspera; it affords attachment
dorsalis. tabet'ic c, crisis (3). thorac'ic c, to the gluteus maximus muscle, being at that point
severe constrictive pain in the chest, resembling developed into an outstanding process, the tuberositas
that of angina pectoris, with muscular contrac- glutea or trochanter tertius.
c. hericis^ crus helicis, prominent portion of the
tions, occurring as a form of tabetic crisis
external ear, dividing the concha into the cymba
Tes'ical'c, severe pain in the bladder, occurring
above and the cavum conchae below.
in paroxysms of gome duration, in the course of
c. ili'aca [BNA], iliac crest, the curved superior bor-
tabes dorsalis. vis'ceral c, a tabetic c. occurring der of the ilium.
in any of the thoracic or abdominal viscera, c. infra tempora'lis [BNA], infratemporal crest,
isomer's test [L^on Crismer, Belgian chemist, pterygoid ridge of the sphenoid bone, a rough ridge
*i858.] For glucose: the suspected fluid is marking the angle of union of the temporal and infra-
boiled with a i-iooo solution of safranin and if temporal surfaces of the greater wing of the sphenoid
bone.
glucose is present the yellow color is extinguished.
c. interos'sea [BNA], interosseous crest; (i) a ridge
spa'tion [L. crispare, to curl.] i. "creepy" A on the external border of the ulna and internal border
sensation due to slight fibrillary muscu ar con- of the radius, giving attachment to the interosseous
tractions. 2. Retraction of a divided artery or of membrane; (2) one of two ridges on the contiguous
muscular fibers or other tissues when cut across. surfaces of the tibia and fibula respectively, giving
sta, pi. crisice (kris'tah) [L. crest.] ridge, crest, A attachment to the interosseous membrane.
c. intertrochanter'ica [BNA], intertrochanteric crest
or elevated line projecting from a level or evenly
or ridge, intertrochanteric line, a rounded ridge passing
rounded surface.
over the posterior surface of the femur between the
acoustic crest or ridge, c. ampullaris. greater and lesser trochanters, marking the junction
c. acus'tica,
of the neck with the shaft.
ampulla'ris [BNA], an elevation on the inner sur-
c.
c. lacrima'lis ante''rior [BNA], anterior lacrymal
:ace of each ampulla of the semicircular duct of the
crest; a vertical ridge on the external surface of the
labyrinth corresponding to the sulcus ampullaris on the
nasal process of the maxilla, forming part of the nasal
DUter side; it is apparently an auditory terminal organ,
margin of the orbit.
consisting of hair cells and supporting cells similar to
c. lacrima'lis poste'rior [BNA], posterior lacrymal
jhose of the macula acustica of the utricle and of the
crest; a vertical ridge on the external, orbital, surface
saccule.
of the lacrymal bone.
c. ante'rior tib'ise [BNA], crest of the tibia, shin;
c. nasa'liSp nasal crest; a ridge along the line of
the sharp anterior margin of the tibia.
union of the palate bones and the posterior part of
c, arcua'ta [BNA], arched ridge, a ridge on the ante-
that of the maxillas, which articulates with the lower
rior or externalsurface of the arytenoid cartilage separ-
border of the vomer.
ating the fovea triangularis above from the fovea
c. obturato'ria, obturator crest or ridge, a ridge
Dblonga below.
running on the surface of the pubis from the spine
c. basila'ris, basilar crest, an inward triangular
to the upper border of the cotyloid notch.
projection of the ligamentum spirale cochlese to which
c. occipita'lis exter'na [BNA], external occipital crest,
is attached the membrana basilaris, forming the
linea nuchae mediana, a ridge on the under surface of
floor of theductus cochlearis.
the occipital bone extending from the external occipital
c. buccinato'ria [BNA], buccinator crest; a ridge
protuberance to the border of the foramen magnum.
passing from the base of the coronoid process of the
c. occipita'lis inter' na» internal occipital crest, a
tnandible to the region of the last molar tooth; it
ridge running from the internal occipital protuberance
gives attachment to the buccinator muscle.
to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum, giving
c. concba'lis [BNA], turbinated crest, inferior attachment to the fabc cerebelli.
turbinated crest; (i) a ridge on the vertical plate of the c. pu'bis, crest of the pubis, termination of the pec-
palate bone, about its middle, which articulates with tineal line or pecten pubis.
the posterior part of the inferior turbinated bone; cris'tse sacra'les articula'res [BNA], irregular ridges
(2) a ridge on the lower part of the nasal process of on the posterior surface of the sacrum, one on either
the maxilla articulating with the inferior turbinated side of the crista media, formed by the fusion of the
bone. articular processes of the sacral vertebrse.
c. cu'tis[BNA], ridge of the skin, one of numerous cris'tEB sacra'les latera'les [BNA], the rough irregular
ridges on the skin of the palms and soles, corresponding longitudinal projections on the posterior surface of the
to rows of papilla9. sacrum external to the sacral foramina, one on either
c. deltoid crest, the roughened promi-
deltoid'ea, side of the bone, corresponding to the lateral processes
nence on the humerus where the deltoid muscle is of the vertebrse.
inserted. c, sacra'lis me'dia [BNA], the ridge on the posterior
c. denta'lis, a ridge on the alveolar processes of the surface of the sacrum formed by the fused vertebral
jaw-bones in the fetus. spines.
c. ethmoida'lis, ethmoidal crest; (i) agger nasi c. sphenoida'lia [BNA], sphenoidal crest, ethmoidal
BNA], a ridge on the upper part of the inner surface crest; a vertical ridge of bone on the anterior surf ace of
d{ the nasal process of the maxilla, giving attachment the body of the sphenoid bone which articulates with
to the anterior portion of the middle turbinated bone; the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, forming part
[2) [BNA], a ridge near the upper extremity
of the of the bony septum of the nose.
vertical plate of the palate bone, articulating with the c. spira'lis, spiral crest, lamina dentata, the finely
posterior portion of the middle turbinated bone; eth- serrated edge of the lamina spiralis ossea of the cochlea.
moidal crest, superior turbinated crest. c. supramastoid'ea, c. temporalis (3), the posterior

c. falcifor'mis, falciform crest, a horizontal

projec- root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
c. supraventricula'ris [BNA], a slight ridge on the
tion dividing the lamina cribrosa, or cribrum, at the
fundus of the internal auditory meatus, into two un- inner wall of the right ventricle, marking off the conus
" arteriosus.
equal parts."
c. tempora'lis, (i) linea temporalis of the frontal
frontalis, frontal crest; a ridge arising at the
c.
bone; (2) linea temporalis superior et inferior of the
termination of the sagittal sulcus on the cerebral sur-
16
 ,

CRISTA 242 CROUP

parietal bone; (3) c. supramastoidea of the temporal cross'eye. Squint, strabismus.*

bone. cross -fertilization (kraws-fur-til-i-za'shun). Im-
c. termina'lis [BNA], a crest
marking the upper pregnation of the ovum of one flower by the male
termination of the pectinate muscles in the right atrium gamete of another, allogamy.
of the heart, and bounding the sinus venarum cavarum. Therapeutic radiation ap-
cross-fire (craws'fir).
c. tib'ise, c. anterior tibise.
plied by frequent change of position of the ap-
c.tuber'culi major'is [BNA], crest of larger tubercle
plicator or by means of two or more applicators
posterior bicipital ridge, posterior lip of the bicipital
groove (sulcus intertubercularis), giving attachment at different points.
to the pectoralis major muscle. cross-foot. Talipes varus.
c. tuber'culi minor'is [BNA], crest of smaller
tuber- cross-legged (kraws'legd, kraws'leg-ed) With the .

cle, anterior bicipital ridge, anterior lip of the

bicipital
legs crossed, the right foot being to the left and
groove, giving attachment to the teres major muscle. vice versa; noting a form of progression when the
c. urethra'Us [BNA], (i) a longitudinal
fold on the
thighs are strongly adducted.
posterior wall, or floor, of the urethra extending from
bladder into the membranous urethra; cross-pollina'tion. Dusting of the stigma-or recep-
the uvula of the
about the center of the prostatic portion it presents tive surface of the ovule of one flower with pollen
a raised ridge, the colliculus seminalis; (2) a con- from another.
spicuous longitudinal fold in the mucous membrane on cross' way. The crossing of two. nerve-paths.
the posterior wall of the female urethra. sen'sory c, the postlenticular portion of the
c. vestib'uli, crest of the vestibule, an oblique ridge
posterior limb of the internal capsule of the
on the inner wall of the vestibule of the labyrinth,
brain.
bounding the recessus sphaericus above and posteriorly.
cro'talin [Crotalus, a genus of rattlesnakes.] 1. A
Critch'ett's opera'tion [George Critcheit, London protein in rattlesnake vepom. 2. Trade name

oculist, 1817-1882.] Removal of the anterior, of a preparation made from rattlesnake-virus,

Iportion of the eyeball. which has been recommended in the treatment
crith [G. kirthe, barley com.] The weight of 1000 of epilepsy.
c.c. of hydrogen gas taken as the unit of weight crotalism (kro'tal-izm) [L. Crotallaria sagiUalis, the
of gases. •weed "rattlebox."] Bottom-disease.
crit'ical. Relating in any way to a crisis of any kind. cro'talus. A homeopathic preparation of the
CrO,. Chromic anhydride, often improperly called venom of the rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus,
chromic acid which is HjCrO^. triturated with milk-sugar; employed in ecchy-
crocidismus (kro-si-diz'mus) [G. kroke, tuft of moses. oozing of blood, hemorrhagic measles,
wool.] Carphologia. etc., in doses of the 6th to 30th potency.
Crocker Springs, Tenn. Sulphated-saline-calcic Cro'talus [G. krotalon, a rattle.] A genus of rat-
waters. 58° F. and 56° P. Two springs. Indi- tlesnakes.
gestion, hepatic congestion. Bright 's disease, and crotaph'ion [G. kroiaphos, the temple of the head.]
uric acid diathesis. The tip of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone,
Crockett Arsenic -Lithia Springs, Virginia. Light a point in craniometry.
sulphated-saline-arsenical-lithiated waters. 70° crotchet (kroch'et) [Fr. crochet, a small hook.] i.
F. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic An instrument in the shape of a hook with a
cutaneous diseases. cutting edge on the concavity, employed for
Crocq's serum [Jean Crocq, Belgian physician, decapitation of the fetus. 2. The curved extrem-
nineteenth century.] A
2 per cent, solution of ity of the superior occipitotemporal gyrus.
sodium phosphate. cro'tin. A mixture of poisonous albuminoids
cro'cus [G. krokos, saffron.] (N.F. and Br.) Saf- from the seeds of Croton tiglium.
fron, the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus (C. offi- Cro'ton. A
genus of plants of the order Euphorbi-
cinalis) employed occasionally in flatulent dys-
, acece. C. aromat'icus, an East Indian tree yield-
pepsia and as an antispasmodic in asthma and ing lac. C. elute'ria, a shrub of the Bahama
dysmenorrhea, in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). Islands, yielding cascarilla. C. laccif'era, C.
Crom'bie's ul'ceT. An ulcer of the gum between the aromaticus. C. philippinen'sis, an evergreen
last two molar teeth, occurring in sprue. shrub of tropical Asia and Australia, yielding
crook'ed-foot. Lack of symmetry in the two sides kamala. C. tig'lium, an Asiatic plant yielding
of a horse's hoof, due usually to bad farriery. croton-oil, oleum* tiglii.
Crookes space (krooks) [William Crookes, English CTOton'allin. A poisonous albuminoid, one of the
physicist, *i832.] A
dark space at the cathode constituents of crotin.
in a nearly exhausted tube through which a cur- cro'ton -chlc'ral hy'drate. An old, and incorrect,
rent of electricity is passed. C.'s tube, a glass term for butyl-chloral hydrate.
tube with two electrodes between which an elec- CTOtonglob'ulin. A
poisonous albuminoid, one of
trical discharge takesplace in practically a the constituents of crocin.
vacuum. The cathode rays are given off in the crotonic acid (kro-ton'ik as'id). A
poisonous acid,
tube and from the place where they strike, either C4H602, of the acetylene series, derived from
the wall of the tube or a platinum disc within croton-oil.
the tube, the x-rays arise. cro'ton-oil. Oleum tiglii.
cross. Any figure in the shape of a cross, -|- or X. cro'tonol. A
vesicating derivative, CsHijOs, de-
Ranvier's c, see Ranvier. Red C, see Red* rived from croton-oil.
Cross. CTOunother'apy (kroo'no-ther'a.-pJ) [G. krounos, »
cross -birth (kraws'burth). An abnormal presen- spring, + therapy.] Treatment of disease by
tation, neither of head nor of breech, the fetus the internal administration of mineral waters, as
lying transversely in the uterus, across the axis distinguished from balneotherapy or the external
of the parturient canal; parodinia perversa, use of the same.
crossed (krawst). i. Decussating, X-shaped. 2. croup (kroop) [a Scotch word, probably from A. S.
Affecting opposite sides of the body. c. paral'- kropan, to cry aloud.] 1. Any affection of the
ysis, paralysis involving the muscles of the face larynx in children, characterized by difficult and
on one side and those of the extremities on the noisy respiration and a hoarse cough, sometimes
other. marked anatomically by the formation of a
lOUP 243 CRUVEILHIER'S DISEASE

jseudomembrane. 2. The rump; also, the part a leg; usually (in the plural, crura) a pair of
)f the back of a horse behind the saddle, catar'- diverging bands or elongated masses, c. anthel'-
hal c, acute catarrhal laryngitis in children. icis, crus of the antihelix, one of two ridges,
alse c, laryngitis stridulosa. mem'branous c, inferior and superior, bounding the fossa tri-
jseudomem'branous c, laryngitis with fibrin- angularis, by which the antihelix begins at the
jus exudation; it may be
a specific (diphtheritic) upper part of the auricle, c. bre've, the short
jr a simple plastic inflammation. true c, process of the incus, fitting into a depression
nembranous c. spasmod'ic c, laryngismus (fossa incudis) in the epitympanic recess, c.
itridulus. cer'ebri, pedunculus cerebri [BNA]. c. clitor'-
lupous (kroo'pus). Relating to croup; marked idis [BNA], the continuation on each side of the
3y a fibrinous exudation, c. pneumo'nia, lobar corpus cavernosum of the clitoris which diverges
pneumonia. from the body posteriorly and is attached to the
lupy (kroo'pS). Having the characteristics of pubic arch. c. cor'poris caverno'si pe'nis, c.
;roup, as a croupy cough. penis, c. for'nicis [BNA], crus of the fornix,
iwn [L. corona.] i. Corona, 2. To attach an posterior pillar of the fornix, one of two flattened
artificial crown to the natural root of a tooth. bands diverging from the posterior portion of the
irtific'ial t., a crown of metal or porcelain body and descending behind the optic thalami
astened to the root of a natural tooth, bell to enter the inferior (descending) horn of each
:., a conical tooth crown with base at the oc- lateral ventricle, spreading out on the surface
:lusal or masticatory surface, cap c, a cap- of the hippocampus to form the alveus, and
shaped artificial tooth-crown fitted over the terminating in the hippocampal fimbria, c-
remains of the crown of a natural tooth, collar hel'icis, limb of the helix, a transverse ridge
;., an artificial crown with metal band fitting continuing backward the helix of the auricle,
jver the natural root of a tooth, c. of a tooth, dividing the concha into an upper portion,
;orona dentis, the body of a tooth, the visible cymba, and a lower portion, cavum concha.
portion of a tooth uncovered by the gum. c. interme'dium, middle pillar of the diaphragm;
c. of the head, top of the head, vortex the fibrous attachment of the diaphragm to
pilorum. half-cap c, in dentistry an artificial the lateral surface of the body of the second
:rown, the metal band of which covers only lumbar vertebra on either side. c. latera'le,
the lingual surface of the tooth which sup- external pillar of the diaphragm; the fibrous
ports it. Richmond 1;., collar c. shell c, cap c. attachment of the diaphragm to the arcuate lig-
)wned. Aveterinary term designating lesions ament (arcus lumbocostalis) on either side. c.
md scars, somewhat circular in shape, of the lon'gum, the long process of the incus terminating
knee of the horse. in the processus lenticularis or os orbiculare. c.
)wn'ing. X. The capping of a tooth with a media'le, internal pillar of the diaphragm; the
porcelain or gold cover. 2. The engagement of fibrous attachment of the diaphragm to the ante-
bhe fetal head at the vulva in childbirth. rolateral surface of the bodies of the first three or
icial (kroo'shal) [L. crucialis; crux, cross.] i. four lumbar vertebra on the right side and of
Decisive. 2. Crossed, cross-shaped, c. lig'a- the first two or three on the left ; when the crura
ment, (i) ligamentum cruciatum cruris; (2) liga- or pillars of the diaphragm are spoken of, without
mentum cruciatum genu. further qualification, these medial, or internal,
I'cible [L.crucibulum.] A
pot of clay or other crura are meant, c. pe'nis, the posterior attached
material used for melting substances with great portion of the corpus cavernosum penis.
heat. crust [L. crusta.'] i. An outer layer or covering,

ucif'ers [L. crux (cruc-), cross, +ferre, to bear.] 2. A scab. 3. The homy part of the hoof of a

An order of polypetalous dicotyledonous plants, horse, lim'pet-shell c, the scab of syphilitic

which includes the radish, cress, mustard, cab- rupia. milk c, crusta lactea, seborrhea of the
bage, turnip, and nasturtiumi. scalp in nursing infants.
i. Crust. Basis
I'ciform [L. crux(,cruc-), cross, +
forma, form.] crusta (krus'tah) [L. crust.] :«.

Cross-shaped, crucial. pedunculi [BNA], the pes, or ventral or pedal

ide (L. crudus, raw, unripe.] Noting anything portion of the pedunculus (crus) cerebri c.

in its natural or unrefined state, c. drug, one in flbro'sa, cementum of a tooth. 1;. inflammato'ria,

its natural state, or simply powdered for conve- buffy* coat. c. lac'tea, milk crust, seborrhea of
nience of administration, as distinguished from the scalp in an infant, c. petro'sa [L. petrosus,
an extract, tincture, alkaloid, or other prepara- stony], substantia ossea, or cementum of a tooth.
tion or derivative. c. phlogis'tica, buffy* coat. c. ventra'lis, crusta

um Mineral Spring, Ohio. Alkaline-calcic (2), basis pedunculi.

waters. Pour springs. Gastric, intestinal, and crus'tal. Relating to a crust, sp"ecifically to the
hepatic disorders. crusta, basis* pedunculi.
a'or. Coagulated blood, crassamentum. crustosus (krus-to'sus) [L.]. Crusted, referring
lipp'er. The rump of the horse; croup. to certain skin lesions.
I'ra. Plural of crus. crutch [A. S. cryce.] A long staff with padded cross-
irseus (kroo-re'us). Musculus vastus inter- piece at the upper end to fit under the axilla, used
medins. to assist the lame in walking.
Relating to the leg or thigh, or any crus; crutch-pal'sy. Paralysis of the musculospiral nerve
li'ral.

femoral. C. ar'tery, arteria femoralis. c. canal', due to compression by the fork of a crutch.
c. fos'sa, fovea fe- Cruveilhier's disease' (krii-val-ya') [Jean Cruveilhier,
canalis femoralis [BNA].
moralis. c. ring, annulus femoralis [BNA]. c. French pathologist and anatomist, 1791-1874.]
1. Ulcer of the stomach. 2. Progressive muscular
sep'tum, septum femorale. c. sheath, femoral
sheath, the fascia enclosing the femoral vessels. atrophy. C.'s fas'cia, the superficial layer of
I'rin. Quinoline- bismuth sulphonate. the perineal fascia. C.'s joint, the atlanto-
as, gen. cru'ris, pi. cru'ra [L.] i. The leg, espe- odontoid joint between the arch of the atlas .and
the segment between the knee and the the front of the odontoid process. C.'s lig'-
cially
ankle, z. Any anatomical structure
resembling aments, the glenoid or plantar ligaments of the
 ;

CRUVEILHIER'S DISEASE 244 CRYSTALLINE

C.'s ul'cer, bacterial invasion of the body without apparent

metatarsophalangeal articulations.
breach of the surface through which the organism
C.'s disease (l).
could gain admittance.
Cruz trypanosomi'asis [Oswaldo Cruz, Brazilian
ohysician, I87i-I9i7-1 Chagas' disease.
cryp'tolith [G. krypte, crjrpt, + lithos, stone.] A
cry. i. Aloud inarticulate vocal utterance, a. concretion in a gland follicle.
ciyptomenorrhe'a, cryptomenorrhoe'a fG. kryptos
To make a loud vocal sound. 3. To weep.
hydrocephal'ic c, a night c. concealed, -t- men, month, + rhoia, flow.] The
arthrit'ic c, joint c.
occurring as a symptom of acute hydrocephalus, occurrence each month of the general symptoms
or tuberculous meningitis, joint c, a night c. of the menses without any flow of blood.
uttered by a sufferer from chronic tuberculous cryptomnesia (krip-tom-ne'sl-ah). Cryptanajnnesia.
arthritis, night c, a loud scream uttered by a cryptophthal'mia, ciyptophthal'mus [G. kryptos,
child during sleep it is sometimes without appa-
;
concealed, -)- ophthalmos, eye.] Congenita,
rent significance, but often is a sign of beginning ankyloblepharon, or complete adherence of the
hip-disease or other form of tuberculous arthritis. tarsal margins of the eyelids, and symblepharon,
cryalgesia (kri-al-je'zl-ah) [G. kryos, cold, algos,+ or adherence of the eyelids to the globe of the eye
pain.] Pain caused by cold. together with abnormality of the eyeball and
cryanesthesia, cryansesthesia (kri-an-es-the'zl-ah) [G. often of the orbit.
kryos, cold, -f an- priv. -I- aisthesis, sensation.] Cryptophyce«e (krip-to-fi'se-e) [G. kryptos, con-
A loss of the cold sense or cutaneous perception of cealed, -t- phykos, seaweed.] Cyanophyceae, an
cold. order of algse containing the two families,
cryesthesia, cry»sthesia (kri-es-the'zl-ah) [G. kryos, Nostocacetz and Bacteriacem, the former contain-
cold, +aisthesis, sensation.] 1. A
subjective ing, the latter not containing chlorophyl.
sensation of cold. 2. Sensitiveness to cold. cryptopine (krip'to-pen) [G. kryptos, hidden, -|-
ciymodyn'ia [G. krymos, cold, +
odyne, pain.] Cry- opion, opium.] An alkaloid derived from opium,
algesia,pain caused by cold. C2iH!jNOt; a colorless, prismatic crystalline
crymother'apy [G. krymos, cold, -1- therapeia, treat- powder, slightly soluble in water; hypnotic and
ment ] The employment of cold in the treatment analgesic in doses of gr. ^V^' (0.005-0.008).
of disease. cryptopodia (krip-to-po'di-ah) [G. kryptos, con-
cryogenin (kri-oj'en-in) [G. kryos, cold, + gennad, cealed, -I- pous^pod-), foot.] Diffuse fibromata
I produce.] Metabenzamino-carbazide; a crys- of the feet giving to these extremities the ap-
talline coal-tar derivative, employed as an anti- pearance of pads.
pyretic in typhoid fever and phthisis in doses of cryptopyic (krip-to-pi'ik) [G. kryptos, concealed, -)-
gr. S-15 (o.3-i-°)- pyon, pus.] Marked by concealed suppuration,
.

ciyos'copy [G. kryos, frost, + skopeo, I examme.j noting a pyemia without apparent cause.
The determination of the freezing point of a fluid, cryptoradiometer (krip"to-ra"di-om'e-tur) [G.
usually blood or urine, compared with that of kryptos, concealed, + L. radius, ray, -f G.
distilled water; the greater the content of solids in metron, measure.] A device for estimating the
the fluid the lower is the freezing point. degree of penetrative power of x-rays.
cryostase (kri'os-taz). A camphor,
mixture of cryptorchid (kript-or'kid) [G. kryptos, concealed, +
phenol, saponin, and turpentine, employed as an orchis, testicle.] One whose testes have not
external antiseptic. descended into the scrotum.
crypt [G. krypte, from kryptos, concealed.] Follicle cryptorchidism (kript-or'kid-izm). The failure of
a glandular tubule. Lieberkuehn's c, Morgagni's descent of the testicles.
li., see the proper names. cryptorchis (kript-or'kis). Cryptorchid.
cryptanainnesia (krip-tan-am-ne'st-ah) [G. kryptos, cryptorrhea (krip-to-re'ah) [G. kryptos, concealed,
concealed, -t- anamnesis, memory.] Subcon- -I- rhoia, a flow, a flux.] Excessive activity of
scious memory. an endocrinous gland.
cryp'tic [G. kryptikos.l Hidden, occult, larvate. cryptorrheic, cryptorrhetic (krip-to-re'ik, krip-to-
cryptitis (krip-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of a fol- ret'ik) [see cryptorrhea.] i. Relating to the nor-
licle or glandular tubule. mal secretion of an endocrinous gland, .i. Re-
cryp'tocarp [G. kryptos, concealed, + karpos, fruit.] lating to cryptorrhea, or an excessive secretion
Sporocarp. of an endocrinous gland.
cryptoceph'alus [G. kryptos, concealed, +
kephale, cryp'toscope [G. kryptos, concealed, +
skopeo, I
head.] A
monster with an undeveloped and very view.] Fluoroscope.
small head. cryptoz'ygous [G. kryptos, hidden, +
zygon, yoke.]
Cryptococcus (krip-to-kok'us) [G. kryptos, con- Having a narrow face as compared with the
cealed, + kokkos, berry.] A
genus of fungi re- width of the cranium, so that, when the skull is
producing by budding only, no spores being in viewed from above, the zygomatic arches are not
evidence; Blastomyces, Zymonema. C. der- visible.
matitis, the cause of one form of blastomycosis. crys'tal [G. krystallos, clear ice.] One of the figures
cryptocrystalline (krip-to-kris'tal-in). Having very of symmetrical shape assumed by certain salts
minute crystals. and other chemical compotmds. asth'ma c,
cryptodid'ymus [G. kryptos, concealed, + didymos, Charcot*- Leyden crystal, ear c, otolith, knife-
twin.] A double monster, one fetus being para- rest c,a crystal of ammoniomagnesian phosphate.
sitic and concealed within the other. sperm c, sper'min c, a crystal of spermin phos-
cryp'togam [G. kryptos, concealed, + gamos, mar- phate found in the semen probably identical with
;

riage.] One of the group of plants without Boettcher's or Charcot's crystals.

flowers and without embryo-containing seeds. ciys'talUn. i. A globulin in the crystalline lens of
cryptog'amous. Marked by the absence of flowers the eye. 2. A solution of pyroxylin i in methyl ,

and of embryo-containing seeds, noting a plant alcohol 4, and amyl acetate 1 5 similar in proper-
;

of the group Cryptogamia, a cryptogam. ties and use to collodion.

cryptogenet'ic, cryptogen'ic [G. kryptos, concealed crystalline (kris'tal-in, kris'tal-In). i. Clear, trans-
+ genesis, origin.] Of obscure, indeterminate parent. 2. Relating to a crystal or crystals, t.
origin; opposed to phanerogenic. c. infec'tioni hu'mor, the substance forming with its enclosing
RYSTALLINE 24S CULEX
capsule the crystalline lens. c. lens, the biconvex school bedroom formed by a low partition
lens-shaped body behind the pupil of the eye, surrounding a bed. u. meth'od, hospital care
separating the aqueous from the vitreous humors, of patients with contagious diseases, each being
which serves to refract the rays of light entering in a compartment separated from the general
the pupil and focus them on the retina. ward by a low partition, thus securing isolation
rstallitis (kris-tal-i'(e')tis). Phakitis. while providing for light and ventilation.
cu'bital. Relating to the forearm, or more partic-
tdarly to the ulna. c. bone, cuneiform bone,
OS* triquetrum. u. nerve, nervus ulnaris.
cubitocar'pal. Radiocarpal.
cu'bitus, gen. cu'biti [L. elbow.] Elbow. Forearm.
Ulna. c. val'gus, deviation of the extended
e> o forearm to the inner side of the axis of the limb.
c. va'rus, gunstock deformity of the elbow, devia-
tion of the extended forearm outward from the
axis of the limb.
cu'boid [G. kybos, cube, -f- eidos, resemblance.]
Resembling a cube in shape, c. bone, os cuboi-
deum.
cuboid'al. Cuboid; relating to the os cuboideum.
cucul'la [L. a cowl.] i. The lower part of the
trapezius muscle. One
of the nasal cartilages.
2.
Musculus trapezius.
cuculla'ris [L. cucullus, a hood.]
a cowl.] In botany,
cucul'late [L. cuculla, cucullus,
hood-shaped, noting a leaf or other structure.
cu'cumber [L. cucumis.] The edible fleshy fruit of
0V Cucumis saiivus and other species of Cucumis.
cu'cumber-shin. Curvature of the tibia with con-
vexity forward.
Cu'cumis. A genus of plants including the cu-
cumber.
Cucurbitaces (ku-kur-bl-ta'se-e) [L. cucurbiia,
gourd.] An order of
polypetalous dicotyledonous
plants; the corolla, however, being usually
gamopetalous; it includes pumpkins, squashes,
muskmelons and cuctunbers.
cucur'bital. Cucurbitula,
cucurbitula [dim. of L. cucurbita, gourd.] A small
C D cupping-glass, cucurbital.
Jrinary Crystals: A, ammonium B, uric
urate; cudbear (kud'bair). Persio (N.P.), a red-brown
acid; C, calcium oxalate; D, triple phosphate. powder obtained from certain lichens, especially
Lecanora tartarea, by heating with diluted am-
rstalliza'tion. The assumption of a crystalline monia and then treating with sulphuric acid and
form when a vapor or liquid becomes solidified. sodium chloride; it is used in the arts as a dye
wa'ter of c, a definite number of molecules of and in pharmacy as a coloring agent see tinctura
;

water which certain substances must take up in persionis.

Drder to assume a crystalline form; the presence cuff opera'tion. A
method of nephiropexy in which
af the water does not alter the chemical properties the capsule is split and peeled back, then folded
Df the substance. several times and stitched to the muscles.
rs'talloid. i. Resembling a crystal. 2. A body CuguillJre's se'rum (kii-ge-yer') [E. Cuguillkre,
which in solution can pass through an animal mem- French physician, contemporary.] A
solution of
brane, as distinguished from a colloid which has allylum sulphide 1, tincture of myrrh x, in
not this property. 3. A crystal of organic or Hayem's glycerinated serum 100; a light yellow
albuminoid matter. syrapy fluid with a strong odor of garlic; em-
rstallopho'bia [G. krystallon, crystal, + phobos, ployed hypodermically in tuberculosis in doses of
fear.] Morbid fear of glass objects. 3i-4 (2.0-15.0).
rs'tallose. A
saccharinate of sodium used like
.
Cuignet's meth'od (kii-e-nya') [Ferdinand Louis
saccharine as a sweetener in place of sugar when Joseph Cuignet, French ophthalmologist, *r823.]
carbohydrates are contraindicated. Retinoscopy.
. Chemical symbol of cesiiim. cuirass (kwe-ras') [Fr. cuirasse, a breastplate.] A
J.
Carbon bisulphide, thiocarbonic anhydride. term in symptomatology and* pathology having
. Chemical symbol of copper (^cuprum). reference to the thorax, tabet'ic c, an anesthetic
'beb, cu'bebs. Cubeba. area on the chest sometimes noted in cases of
beba [Ar. and Hindu, kababa.] (U.S. and Br.) tabes dorsalis.
Cubeb, cubebs, the dried unripe, but fully grown cul-de-sac, pi. culs-de-sac (kul-de-sak') [Fr. bottom
Emit of Piper cubeba, a climbing plant of the East of a sack.] A
blind pouch or tubular cavity
[ndies; stimulant, carminative, and stomachic in closed at one end, diverticvilum, cecum, con-
loses of 5i-2 (2.0-8.0). junc'tival c, the fold of junction of the ocular and
beb'ic acid. An amorphous y low substance, the palpebral cdnjunctiva. Doug'las's c, exca-
[^ijHiiO,, obtained from cubeb. vatio rectouterina [BNA]. great'er c, fundus of
bebin. A bitter crystalline principle, CjoHjoO,, the stomach, less'er c, antrum pylori.
obtained from cubeb; therapeutically inert. Cu'lez. A genus of mosquitos. C. fati'gans, the
l)icle (ku'bi-kl) [L. cubiculum, a, bedroom.] A brown household mosquito of the tropics and
small bedroom; one of the compartments in a subtropics; believed to be the intermediate host
CULEX 246 CUNEATE

of several species of filaria and of the contagium sowing of microorganisms on agar or other solid
vivum of dengue. , C. pip'iens, the brown house- medium contained in a test-tube; (2) a culture
hold mosquito of Europe, the northern United made by inoculating bouillon or other fiuid in
States, and Canada. a test-tube.
Culicidae (ku-lis'i-de). A family of dipterous in-
sects, including mosquitos, gnats, and midges.
cu'Ucidal [L. culex(^culic-), mosquito, + ccedere, to
kill.] Destructive to mosquitos.
cu'Ucide. An agent which destroys mosquitos.
culicifuge (ku-lis'I-fuj) [L. culex{culic-), mosquito,
+ fugare, to drive away.] i. Driving away
gnats and mosquitos.
mosquitos from biting.
2. An agent which keeps

culm [L. culmus, a stem.] A hollow stem, with

^y v^ O
solid nodes, as the bamboo, bearing leaves at
each node.
cul'men [L. summit.] [BNA] The anterior promi-
nent portion of the monticulus of the vermis of
^
the cerebellum.
cultiva'tion [L. culHvare, to cultivate.] Culture,
frac'tional c, the attempt to obtain a pure culture
by taking a bit from a mixed culture and trans-
ferring it to a new medium when this has devel-
;

oped into a colony, a minute portion of it is taken

to form a new ciilture, and so on until a culture
\y ^j \y \^ kj
of a single species is obtained.
cul'tural. Relating to a culture of microorganisms.
culture (kul'chur) [L. cultura,
propagation of microorganisms on or in
tillage.]

media of various kinds. 2. A growth of micro-

organisms on or in an artificial medium such as
i. The
artificial
o O 4 s

bouillon, potato, agar jelly, etc. drop c, hanging-

drop c. flask c, a c. on a gelatin or agar medium
solidified on one side of a flat flask, hang'ing-
block c, a cube of solidified agar medium is
^
inoculated and then sealed to a cover-glass and
inverted over a moist chamber or hollowed slide.
hang'ing-dxop c, a culttire obtained in a drop of
fluid medium on the under surface of a cover-
glass resting on a hollowed slide, liq'uid c, one
made by introducing some of the material from
a bacterial colony into a test-tube containing \^ v_y ^_y kj kJ
bouillon, whey, or other fluid meditun. nail c, a
Gelatin Stab Cultures: A. Characters of surface eleva-
tube c. in which the colony grows downward in tion; I, flat; 2, raised; 3, convex; 4, pulvinate; 5,
the shape of an iron nail, nee'dle c, stab c. capitate; 6, umbilicate; 7, umbonate, B. Characters
plate c, one made in a solid medium spread evenly of growth in depth in non-Uquefyinj; cultures; i, fili-
form; 2, beaded; 3, echinate; 4, arborescent; s, villous.
in it shallow dish, pure c, one containing only C. Types of lit^uef action; i, crateriform; 2, napiform,
one species of microorganism a c. derived from a
; 3, saccate; 4, infundibulifomi; 5, stratiform. (From
single cell, roll-tube c, one made in a gelatin Chester's "A Manual of Determinative Bacteriology,"
The Macmillan Company, Publishers.)
medium which is solidified on the inside of a test-
tube by rolling the tube, horizontally held, in
cold water or on a cake of ice. shake c, one made Cul'ver's phys'ic. Leptandra. C.'s root, C.'s
by seeding a liquefied gelatin or agar culture, physic.
distributing the material thoroughly by agitation, cu'marin. Coumarin.
and then allowing the medium to solidify in the cu'mene. Ctunol, trimethylbenzene, a colorless
tube held upright, slant c, a culture made on the liquid obtained from coal-tar, employed in the
slanting surface of a medium which has been sterilization of catgut.
solidified in a test-tube inclined from the perpen- cum'in, cum'min [L. cuminum]. Kummel, the dried
dicular so as to give a greater area than that of ripe fruit of Cuminum cyminum; an aromatic
the lumen of the tube, smear c, a c. obtained stomachic, used for the relief of nausea and flatu-
by smearing the infected material on the sur- lence in doses of 3i— i (2.0-4.0).
face of a solidifiedmedium. sol'id c, one made on cu'mol. Cumene.
the surface, or in the interior of gelatin, agar, cumulative (ku'mu-la-tiv) [L. cumulaius, heaped up.]
potato, or other solid medium, stab c, a Increasing by successive additions, t. ac'tion,
tube of solid gelatin medium is inoculated by noting the action of a drug which develops sud-
passing in a wire previously dipped in material denly and with considerable intensity, after per-
containing the bacteria to be examined, streak haps a number of doses have been taken with no
c, a liquefied gelatin or agar medium is poured apparent, or but slight, effect
out on a Petri plate and allowed to solidify, and is cu'mulus [L. a heap.] A collection or heap of cells,
then inoculated along a series of parallel streaks noting the c. oSph'orus [BNA], c. proligerus,
by a wire dipped in the material to be cultivated. discus proligerus, a mass of epithelial cells sur-
Btroke c, a c. made by drawing an infected plati- roimding the ovum in the Graafian follicle.
num wire across the surface of a solid medium. cuneate (ku'ne-at) [L. cuneare, to make like a wedge.
thrust c, stab c. tube c, (i) one following the Wedge-shaped.
 ;

CUNEIFORM 247 CUPULA

cuneifonn (ku'ne-I-form) [L. cuneus, wedge, + cuprammonia (ku-prS-mo'iiJ-ah). A

mixture of a
forma, form.] Wedge-shaped, cuneate. c. bone, solution of copper hydroxide and aqua ammonias.
one of four bones, one in the carpus and three in cuprar'gol. Copper albuminate, a greenish powder,
the tarsus; the carpal bone, pyramidal bone, os employed in 2 per cent, solution in the treatment
triquetrum [BNA], articulates with the semilunar, of conjunctivitis.
fusiform, and unciform; the ist, 2d, and 3d (or cuprase (ku'praz) [L. cuprum, copper, -|- -ase.\
internal, middle, and external) tarsal cuneiform Trade name of colloidal copper hydroxide; it has
bones articulate respectively with the 1st and 2nd been employed in the treatment of malignant
metatarsal, 2nd cuneiform, and navicular; with disease.
the 2d metatarsal, ist and 3rd cuneiform, and cu'pratin. Trade name of an albuminate of copper.
navicular; and with the 2d, 3d, and 4th metatar- cu'prea-bark [L. cupreus, coppery.] The copper-
sal, 2d cuneiform, cuboid, and navicular bones. colored bark of Remijia purdicana and i? peduncu- .

cuneocu'boid. Relating to the third cuneiform and lata, trees of Colombia, yielding quinine, quini-
the cuboid bones. , dine, and cinchonine.
cu"neohysterec'tomy [L. cuneus, wedge, + G. cupreine (ku'pre-en). An alkaloid, C19H22N2O2 -I-
hystera, uterus, + ekiome, excision.] Removal 2H2O, from cuprea-bark, occurring in the form, of
of a wedge-shaped piece from the body of the colorless crystals.
uterus for the correction of extreme flexion. cupres'sus oil. A volatile oil from the cypress,
cuneonavic'ular. Relating to the cuneiform and Cupressus sempervirens, employed in whooping-
,

the naviciilar bones. cough.

cuneoscaph'oid. Cuneonavicular. cupriasep'tol. Sulphocarbolate of copper, see under
cu'neus [L. wedge.] The mesial aspect of the cuprum.
occipital lobe of each cerebral hemisphere, sep- cuprohe'mol. A derivative of copper and hemol,
arated from the precuneus anteriorly by the recommended in tuberculosis in doses of gr. 1-2
parieto-occipital fissure and from the lingual (0.06—0. 13).
gyrus inferiorly by the calcarine fissure. cu'prol. A compound of copper and nucleinic acid,
cunic'ulus [L. an tmderground passage.] The employed externally in conjunctivitis and as a
burrow of the itch-mite in the epidermis. stimulating application to sluggish ulcers.
Cu'nila maiia'na, C. origanoi'des. American or cu'prum [L.] Copper, a metallic dyad element, symbol
mountain dittany, wild basil; the herb is em- Cu, atomic weight 63.57; several of its salts are
ployed like other members of the LabiaitB, mint employed in medicine, the sulphate, however,
family, as a diuretic and diaphoretic in doses of being the only one official in U.S. and Br. cu'pri
1515-30 (0.3—2.0) of a tincture. ace'tas neutra'lis, neutral copper acetate, crystal-
Conisset's test (kii-ue-sa'). For bile in the urine, a lized verdigris, occurs in dark green crystals;
yellow color being produced on shaking the sus- locally is a stimulating caustic to ulcers has been ;

pected fluid with chloroform. given in tuberculosis in doses of gr. xj—i- (0.005-
cunnilinguist (kun"i-llng'gwist) [L. cunnus, pu- 0.03). c. alumina'tum, aluminated copper,
denda, -f- lingua, tongue.] A. female pervert who lapis divinus; made by fusing together 16 parts
makes lingual friction of the vulva of another. each of potassium alum, copper sulphate, and
cun'nus [L.] Pudenda, vulva. potassium nitrate and adding a mixture of i
CuO. Cupric oxide, black oxide of copper. part each of alum and camphor; it is run into
CUjO. Cuprous oxide, red oxide of copper. pointed sticks or broken up into small pieces;
cuorin (ku'or-in). A lipoid substance existing employed in substance or as a coUyrium in a
in the heart muscle and found nowhere else; it is 4-1000 solution, c. ammonia'tum, ammoniated
allied to lecithin, but is a diphosphatid, containing copper, aminoniosulphate of copper, obtained by
two phosphate group radicles instead of one. dissolving one part of copper sulphate in 3 parts
cup [A. S. cuppe.] I. An excavated or cup-shaped of ammonia water and adding 6 parts of alcohol
structure, either anatomical or pathological, z. formerly used as an antispasmodic and nervine in
A cupping-glass. 3. To apply a cupping-glass. doses of gr. ^—2 (0.03-0.13). cu'pri arse'nis,
dry c, a cupping-glass applied to the unbroken copper arsenite, a green crystalline powder; used
~
in anemia in doses of gr. ao(i 16 T (0.0003-
surface for the purpose of drawing blood to the
part without abstracting any; see wet c. glau- 0.0006). cu'pri chlo'ridum, copper chloride,
co'matous t., an excavation of the optic disc has been used as an antiseptic in the treatment
occurring in glaucoma, op'tic c, the secondary of water supplies, for which it is said to be stronger
ocular vesicle, made cup-shaped by pressure of than copper sulphate, cu'pri o'leas, copper oleate,
the lenticular vesicle, physiolog'ical c, a funnel- a greenish blue powder, obtained by precipitating
shaped excavation of the optic disc, an exag- a solution of Castile soap with a solution of copper
geration of the normal depression, caused by the sulphate; employed in i to 20 per cent, oint-
dragging of the ciliary muscle in efforts at accom- ment as a stimulant to indolent granulations.
modation, ret'iual c, excavation of the optic cu'pri subace'tas, copper subacetate, verdigris.
disc, wet c, a cupping-glass applied to a part cu'pri sul'phas (U.S. and Br.), copper sulphate,
previously scarified or incised, in order to draw CUSO1.5H2O, blue stone, blue vitriol, occurs as
away blood. large clear azure crystals tonic and astringent in
;

cu'pola. Cupula. doses of gr. J—J (0.015-0.03) and emetic in doses

cupped (kupt). Hollowed, made cup-shaped. of gr. 3-5 (o 2-0 3) locally is styptic, astringent,
.
.
;

cupp'ing. I. Formation of a hollow, or cup-shaped

and mildly escharotic, used largely in ophthalmic
2. Application of a cupping-glass. practice, cu'pri sulphocar'bolas, copper sulpho-
excavation.
c. of the op'tic disc, an exaggeration of the normal
carbolate, cupriaseptol, light green crystals,
depression at the center of the optic disc, seen soluble in water, employed as an antiseptic and
in cases of glaucoma.
hemostatic.
cupp'ing-glass. A glass vessel, from which the air cup-shaped. Scyphoid.
has been exhausted by heat or a special suction cupula (ku'pu-lah) [L. a cup, dim. of cupa, a tub.]
Cupola. I. A fine striated membranous struc-
apparatus, applied to the skin in order to draw
ture covering the hair cells of the crista ampul-
blood to the surface.
CUPULA 248 CURRENT

laris. i. The dome-like apex of the cochlea. curette (ku-ref) [Fr.] i An instrument in the form
.

of a loop, ring, or scoop, with sharpened edges,

3. The summit of one of the solitary glands of
c. pleu'rae [BNA] cervical pleura,
attached to a rod-shaped handle, employed to
the intestine,
scrape the interior of a cavity for the removal
the dome-shaped roof of the pleural cavity ex-
of new growths or altered tissues. 2. To employ
tending up through the superior aperture of the
thorax. a curette.
cupule (ku'pul) [L. cupula.] 1. A hard cup-shaped curettement (ku-ret'ment). Curettage.
(ku're; kti-re') [Pierre Curie,
involucre, developed below an inflorescence after curie
fertilization, as in the acorn, z. A receptacle, re- French chemist, 1859-1906; Marie
sembling the cupule of an acorn, in certain fungi. Sklodowska Curie, Polish chemist,
Cupulif'eras [L. cupula, a little cup, -I- ferre, to bear.] 1867, widow of Pierre C. ; the two
An order of monochlamydeous, dicotyledonous were the discoverers of radium.]
plants; it includes the oaks, birches, alders, and A unit of measurement of radium
hazels. emanation, being the mass of parti-
Curasao (ku-rS-so') [Curasao, one of the Dutch West cles emitted in equilibrium with 1
India islands.] A
liqueur or cordial made of gram of pure radium. C. ther'apy,
alcohol, sugar, and bitter-orange peel. treatment of disease by means of
curanjiin (ku-ran'ji-in). Abitter glucoside from radium.
Curanga amara, an East Indian shrub; tonic, cu'rine. A non-poisonous crystalline
febrifuge, and anthelmintic. alkaloid of curare, CigHijNOj.
curara, curare, curari (ku-rah'rah, ku-rah're). curled (kurld). Occurring in wavy
Ourari, urari, wourara, wourali, woorari, etc., parallel lines, noting certain bac-
Indian arrow-poison, an extract of various poi- terial colonies, such as of the an-
sonous plants, especially Strychnos ioxifera, oc- thrax bacillus.
curring as a blackish brown substance; internally Cur'llng's ul'cer. Ulcer of the duo-
it is practically inert, but subcutaneously is a denum associated with extensive
muscular paralyzant, death occurring from pa- burns.
ralysis of the respiration; employed chiefly in curr'ent [L. currens; currere, to run.]
physiological experiments upon animals, dose A
stream or flow of fluid, air, or
electricity, ac'tion c, an electrical
curarine (ku'rah-ren). The
alkaloidal active prin- current induced in a contracting
ciple of curare, occurring in theform of a yellow- muscle, after c, an electrical cur-
ish amorphous powder; formula, C^HjiNOj, or rent induced in a muscle upon the
CijHjjN, or CigHjjNjO, according to various clostire of a constant current which Fenestrated
analysts; dose, gr. 2ao ~ iS tr (0.0003-0.0006). has been passing through it. al'ter- Curette.
curariza'tion. The induction of a condition of ex- nating c, an electrical current the
treme muscular exhaustion, simulating paralysis, direction of which is constantly and rapidly re-
by the administration of curare. versed without ^eing broken, ascen'ding c, an
cu'rarize. To induce motor, but not sensory electrical current passing from the anode at the
paralysis by the administration of curare. periphery to the cathode over the nerve center.
curb. Inflammation of the calcaneocuboid liga- axial c, the central, rapidly moving portion of
ment in the horse, accompanied by a hard and the blood-stream in an artery, centrifugal c,
painful swelling at the back of the hock; it is descending c. centrip'etal c, ascending c. con'-
characterized by swelling and heat in the part stant c, contin'uous c, a non-alternating and un-
and generally by lameness. broken electrical current. d*Arsonval' c, high-
ciir'cas. Ashrub of South America, an oil expressed frequency c. descen'ding c, an electrical current
from the nut of which possesses purgative prop- passing from the anode over the nerve center to
erties like castor oil or croton oil. the cathode at the periphery, direct' c, continu-
curcuma (kur'ku-mah)[ Ar. kurkum, saffron.] ous c. from a galvanic battery, farad'ic c, see
Turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa or C. faradic. galvan'ic c, see galvanic, high-fre'-
rotunda (Amomum curcuma), an Indian plant of quency c, an alternating electric current having a
the ginger family; was formerly employed as a frequency of 10,000 or more per second; it pro-
stimulant and in the treatment of jaundice, but duces no muscular contractions and does not af-
is now used only as a condiment. fect the sensory nerves; d'Arsonval c, Tesla c.
curd. The coagulum of milk, arum c, milk high-poten'tial c, high-tension c. high -ten' sion
coagulated by alum. c, one in which there is a high degree of tension,
cure [L. curare, to care for.] r. To heal, to make increasing the electromotive force, induced'
well. 2. A
restoration to health. 3. [Ger. Kur.] c, see induction, indu'cing c, the primary c.
A special method or course of treatment, di'et which gives rise to a secondary c, in the induc-
c, a system of treatment by regulation of the tion* coil, interrup'ted c, a frequently broken
diet, econom'ic c, the arrest or betterment of electrical c. lab'ile c, an electrical c. applied to
a chronic disease, such as tuberculosis, to such the body by means of electrodes which are con-
an extent as to permit the patient to earn his stantly shifted about. Le Due c, see Le Due.
living in some light occupation, grape c, treat- Oudin c, see Oudin. pr 'mary c, inducing u.
ment of abdominal plethora by an exclusive diet reversed' c, a c. of changed direction, sec'ondary
of grapes, hun'ger c, treatment of disease by c, induced c. stnusoid'al c, an alternating c, the
restriction of the diet. milk c, treatment by voltage of which rises from zero to a. maximum
means of an exclusive milk diet, move'ment c, and falls again to zero, when a reversed c. takes
kinesitherapy. terrain' c, see terrain, water c, place; the curve of such a current is a true sine
hydrotherapy. whey c, treatment by drinking curve, alternately above and below the line,
large amounts of whey. whence the name sinusoidal, stat'ic c, an
curettage (ku-ret'ej). Scraping the interior of a electrical c. generated by a static* machine.
cavity with the curette for the removal of new swell'ing c, an electrical c. of constantly chang-
growths or other abnormal tissues. ing strength. Tes'la c, high-frequency c.
RRICULUM 249 CUTIRE ACTION

ric'ulum [L. a. course, a race.] The regular cusp [L. cuspis, point.] i. One of the protuberances
Durse of study in a university or other insti- on the grinding surface of a tooth, i. A little
ution of learning. knob at the center of the free margin of a valve
schmaim's disease' (koorsh'mahn) [Heinrich of the heart.
'urschmann, German physician, 1 846-1 910.] cuspa'ria. Carony bark, angostura, angustura;
rested liver. C.'s spi'rals, spirally twisted the bark of Cusparia angustura {Galipea cusparia),
lasses of mucus occurring in the' sputum in a tree of the Orinoco basin; a simple bitter, em-
ronchial asthma. ployed also in the treatment of dysentery in
'vature [L. curvaiura.] A
bending or flexure. doses of gi*. 10-30 (0.6-2.0) of the powder, or
n'gular c, the sharp bend in the spine in Pott's 5^1 (i 5- 0—30.0) of a 5 per cent, infusion.
isease. ante'ribr c, kyphosis, back'ward c, cus'pid [L. cuspis, a spike.] Cuspidate, having
jrdosis. gin'givtilc, the rounding of the gum but one cusp; noting a t. tooth, one of the four
long its line of attachment to the neck of a canine teeth.
00th. lat'eral c, scoliosis. Pott's c, angu- cus'pidate. i. Cuspid. ^. In botany, terminating
ir c. in a hard point.
to bend.]
re [L. curvare, Curvature, a non-
i. cuspis (kus'pis) [L. a point.] Cusp.
ngular continuous bend. Chart; a graphic
2. cusso (koos'o) [an Abyssinian word.] (Br.)
jpresentation, by means of a continuous line of Kousso, brayera (N.F.) the dried female inflor-
;

lifting direction, of the course of the tempera- escence of Hagenia abyssinica {Brayera anthel-
ire or ptilse, of the numbers of cases of a disease mintica), a tree of the elevated regions of Abys-
I a given period, or of any other group of parts sinia; employed as a teniacide, in doses of S i
'hich might be otherwise presented by a table of (15.0) of the fluidextract, or 5i— i (15.0-30.0)
gures; a sphygmogram or any other tracing of the infusion.
lade by a recording instrument, ten'sion c, cu'tal. Trade name of aluminum borotannate; a
[le direction of the trabeculae in cancellous bone light brown powder, disinfectant and astringent,
issue adapted to resist stress, aline'ment c, used in powder or ointment in the treatment of
[le line passing through the center of the teeth skin diseases, sol'uble c, a compound of u.
iterally in the direction of the curve of the dental with tartaric acid, used for the same purpose as
rch. buccal c, the line of the dental arch from cutal, and also as an injection in gonorrhea.
lie canine, or cuspid, tooth to the third molar. cuta'neous [L. cutaneus; cutis, skin.] Relating to
om'pensating c, the curve formed by the occlusal, the skin.
r grinding, surfaces of the premolar and molar cuticle (ku'tJ-kl) [L. cuticula, dim. of cuiis, skin.]
eeth, especially of the lower artificial teeth so Epidermis or outer homy layer of the skin.
hat they may be in contact with those of the den'tal c, enam'el c, cuticula dentis. ker'atose c,
ipper arch, den'tal c, dental arch, the bowed the outer layer of the chorioid coat of the eye, next
ine of the teeth, comprising the alinement, to the cornea, c. of the root-sheath, a thin layer

luccal, compensating, and labial curves, la'bial of cells lining the hair-follicle.
., the curve of the dental arch between the cu'ticolor [L. cutis, skin.] Skin-color, flesh-color.
wo canine, or cuspid, teeth. cuticula (ku-tik'u-lah) [L. dim. of cutis, skin.] The
'camine. An alkaloid from cusco-bark. epidermis or cuticle, c. den'tis, enamel cuticle,
'CO bark. The bark of Cinchona pubescens, Nasmyth's membrane, skin of the teeth; an ex-
ontaining several alkaloids. tremely thin cuticular layer covering the enamel
of recently erupted teeth, c. pi'li, cuticle of the
root-sheath.
cutic"ulariza'tion. Healing of an abrasion of the
skin or ulcer by the spread of epidermis over the
surface.
cutidure (ku'tl-dur) [L. cutis, skin, -f- durus, hard.]
I. The homy layer of the epidermis, a. The
coronary* band in the horse.
cutigeral cavity (ku-tij'er-al) [L. cutis, skin, -H
gerere, to carry.] A semicylindrical gutter,
extending along the inner portion of the upper
part of the wall of a horse's hoof; it lodges the
Cusco's Duckbill Speculum. coronary band.
cu'tin [L. cutis, skin.] i. The substance forming

go's spec'ulum (kiis-ko') [Edouard Gabriel the cuticular layer of the stems and leaves of
'usco, Paris surgeon, 1819— 1894.] A bivalve plants. J.A specially prepared thin animal
uck-bill vaginal speculum. membrane used as a protective covering for
lon'idine. A cinchona alkaloid from cusco bark. wounded surfaces.
:onine (kus'ko-nen). A
cinchona alkaloid, cutireaction (ku"t![-re-ak'shun) [cutis, skin, -f- re-
ijsHjeNaOi, from cusco bark; the same as aricine. action.'] An irritative or inflammatory reaction
hing's suture [Hayward "W. Gushing, Boston, in the skin, in certain infectious (usually (ihronic)
[ass., surgeon,contemporary.] A continuous diseases, following the application of an extract
itestinal suture. See cut under suture. of the organism causing the infection used as a
;

liion (koosh'un). In anatomy, any structure diagnostic measure, most frequently in tubercu-
2sembling a. pad or cushion, cor'onaiy c, losis, but also for glanders, leprosy, typhoid fever,

Dronary* band, epiglott'ic c, tuberculum epi- tinea, and syphilis; there are three modes of ob-
lotticum. Eusta'chian c, a prominence, formed taining the reaction, viz., the cutaneous, the intra-
y the margin of the cartilage, above and behind cutaneous, and the percutaneous; see Lautier,
le pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube. Ligniires, Mora, and Pirquet. difieren'tial c,

ick'ing c, corpus adiposum buccas. simultaneous inoculation of concentrated old

1O4. Cupric sulphate, sulphate of copper, blue tuberculin, a filtrate of human tubercle bacilli,
and a filtrate of bovine tubercle bacilli, the
CUTIREACTION 250 CYCLENCEPHALIA

object being to determine by the reaction cyan'ogen[G. kyanos, iaxkhhie, +-genes, producing.]
whether the patient is suffering from human or A compound of one atom each of carbon and
from bovine infection, or is free trom tuberculosis nitrogen (CN). According to Pfliiger this is the
of any origin. combination characteristic of life in its last
cu'tis [L.] Skin, integumentum* commune [BNA]. analysis.

c. anseri'na, goose-flesh, contraction of the cyanop'athy [G. kyanos, blue, + pathos, suffering.]
erectores pilonim muscles, under the influence of Blue disease of infants cyanosis.
;

cyanophil, cyanophile (si'an-o-fil, si'an-o-fil) [G.

cold or fear, rendering prominent the mouths of
kyanos, blue, + philos, fond.] A cell or element
the hair-follicles, c. elas'tica, a condition in
which the skin is abnormally elastic and can be readily taking a blue stain.
pulled out sometimes to an extraordinary dis- cyanoph'ilous. Readily stainable with a blue dye.
tance, returning to its normal shape when released.
cyanophose (si'an-o-foz). A phose of a bluish color.
t. dermatolysis. c. pen'dula, dermatolysis.
laxa, Cyanophycese (si"an-o-fi'se-e) [G. kyanos, dark
t. dermatolysis. c. ve'ra, true skin,
pen'silis, blue, -I- phykos, seaweed.] An order of algae,
corium. retinac'ula c, prolongations of the contain*ng two families: Nostocacece, contain-
stroma of the mamma
extending into the corium, ing chlorophyl, and Bacieriacea, containing no
Cooper's ligajnents. chlorophyl.
cutisector (ku"tI-sek'tor) [L. cutis, skin, -I- sector, a
cyano'pia [G. kyanos, blue, 4- dps, eye.] Cyanopsia.
cyanop'sia [G. kyanos, blue, -I- opsis, vision.] Blue
cutter.] X. An instrument for cutting bits of
sight, a condition in which all objects seem to be
epidermis for grafting. 2. An instrument for
removing a section or cylinder of skin for micro- colored blue.
scopical examination.
cyanosed (si'an-ozd). Suffering from cyanosis.
cyanosis (si-an-o'sis) [G. kyanos, blue.] A dark
cutitis (ku-ti'(te')tis). Dermatitis.
bluish or purplish coloration of the skin and
cu"tituber'culin reac'tion. A diagnostic method in mucous membrane due to deficient oxygenation
tuberculosis proposed by Ligniferes. The skin is
of the blood, enterog'enous c, a persistent
shaved and scraped, but not scarified, and then cyanosis supposed to be due to the presence of
six drops of undiluted tuberculin are rubbed in
methemoglobin or sulphemoglobin produced by
with a pledget of cotton. In cases of tuberculosis
the absorption of toxic agents from the intestine,
there is a slight local inflammatory reaction.
false c, cyanosis due to the presence of an ab-
cutiza'tion. The transition from mucous membrane normal pigment, such as methemoglobin, in the
to skin at the mucocutaneous margins. blood, and not resulting from a deficiency of
cu'tol. Cutal. oxygen.
cut'weed. Fucus vesiculosus. cyanot'ic. Relating to or marked by cyanosis,
Cuvier's canal (ku-ve-a') [Georges Leopold Chretien cyanosed.
Fr^d^ric Dagobert Cuvier, French scientist, 1769- cyasma (si-az'mah) [G. kyesis, pregnancy.] Len-
1832.] Sinus venosus in the embryo. C.'s ducts, ticular pigmentation of the skin in pregnant
cardinal veins, veins in the young embryo which women.
convey the blood to the primitive heart. C.'s cyathium (si-ath'i-um) [G. kyaihos, a cup.] An
sinus, C.'s canal. C.'s veins, C.'s ducts. inflorescence having a tubular involucre, with
Cy. Chemical symbol sometimes used, instead of alternating crescentic glandular appendages, en-
CN, for cyanogen. closing one female flower surrounded by five
cyanalcohol (si-an-al'ko-hol). A
substitution prod- groups of male flowers.
uct in which cyanogen replaces the hydrogen in cy'athus [G. kyaihos, cup.] Infundibulum, the
alcohol. hollow stalk of the hypophysis cerebri.
cyanemia, cyanEemia (si-an-e'ml-ah) [G kyanos, blue, cyc'lamin. A
saponin-like body, CjuH^jOi,,, obtained
+ haima, blood.] Imperfect aeration of the blood, from the tuber of the herb Cyclamen europeewm;
that in the arteries resembling venous blood. awhite amorphous or minutely crystalline powder
cyanephidrosis (si-an-ef-i-dro'sis) [G. kyanos, blue, of a bitter acrid taste emetic and purgative.
;

+ ephidrosis, sweating.] The excretion of fluid cyclarthrodial (si-klar-thro'dl-al). Relating to a

of a bluish tint from the sweat-glands. cyclarthrosis or rotary joint.
cyanhemoglo'bin. A compound of hemoglobin cyclarthro'sis [G. kyklos, circle, +
arthrosis, articula-
with hydrocyanic acid, formed in cases of poison- tion.] A
rotary, or lateral ginglymus, joint; the
ing with this substance. atlantoepistrophic articulation is an example.
cyanhidrosis (si-an-hi-dro'sis) [G. kyanos, blue, + Cyclaste'rion scarlatina'le [G. kyklos, rotmd, -f-
hidrosis, sweating.] Cyanephidrosis. asterion, dim. of aster, star.] A
supposed proto
cyanhy'dric acid. Hydrocyanic acid. zoan parasite of the cutaneous cells in scarl etf ever.
cyan'ic acid [G. kyanos, dark blue.] An acid formed cycle (si'kl) [G. kyklos, circle.] A
recurrent series of
by the union of oxygen and cyanogen, having the events. A
recurring period of time, car'diac c,
formula CNHO; in its physical properties it is the complete round of cardiac cystole and dias
very similar to protoplasm, being fluid and trans- tole with the intervals between, endog'enous c .
parent at low temperatures and coagulable by the growth and reproduction of the malarial
heat.^ parasite, or other hematozoon, within the body
cyanide (si'an-id, si'an-id). A compound of cyano- of the vertebrate host, exog'enous c, the sexual
gen with an element or another radical. stage passed by the malarial parasite, or similar
cyanochroia (si-an-o-kroy'ah) [G. kyanos, blue, + hematozoon, in the body of the invertebrate host.
chroia, the surface of the body.] Cyanosis. life c, the entire life history of the malarial or
cyanochroic, cyanochrous (si-an-o-kro'ik, si-an-ok'- other blood parasite in the bodies of the verte-
rus). Cyanotic, cyanosed. brate and invertebrate hosts.
cyanocuprol (si"an-o-koo'prol). A
double salt of cyclencephalia, cyclencephaly (si-klen-se-fa'U-ah, si-
potassium and copper cyanide recommended in klen-sef'S-lI) [G. kyklos, circle, -I- enkephalos,
the chemotherapy of tuberculosis. brain.] A
monstrosity marked by a horseshoe
cyanoderma (si-an-o-dur'mah) [G. kyanos, blue, -f fusion of the two cerebral hemispheres, often
derma, skin.] Cyanosis. associated with cyclopia.
 GLIC 251 CYME
;lic.Occurring periodically, noting especially cyesiognosis (si-e-sl-og-no'sis) [G. kyesis, pregnancy,
de course of the symptoms in certain mental
ffections. com'pound, closed-chain* com-
t.
+ gnosis, knowledge.] The diagnosis of preg-
nancy.
ound. u. flow'er, one the leaves of which are ar- cyesiology (si-e-sl-ol'o-jl) [G. kiSsis, pregnancy, 4-
mged in whorls, c. insan'ity, circular insanity, a -logia.] Obstetrics, the branch of medical science
jmi in which different types, such as mania and which has to do with pregnancy and parturition
lelancholia, succeed each other, sometimes cye'sis [G. kiesis.] Pregnancy.
sparated by an interval of apparent sanity; Cyl. Abbreviation for cylinder, or cylindrical lens.
lanic-depressive insanity, c. rom'iting, period- cyl'inder [G. kylindros, a roll.] i. geometricalA
:al vomiting.* figureformed by the revolution of a rectangle
licot'omy. Cyclotomy. around one of its sides. ^. A cylindrical lens.
litis (si-kli'(kle')tis) [G. kyklos, circle (ciliary 3. A
renal cast.*
ody), + -itis.} Inflammation of the ciliary cylindraxile (sil-in-drak'sil). Axis-cylinder.
ody. plas'tic c, inflammation of the ciliary cylin'dric, cylin'drical.
Relating to, or of the shape
ody, and usually of the entire uveal tract, with of, a cylinder,
c. lens, a lens one or both sur-
fibrinous exudation into the anterior chamber faces of which have the curve of a cylinder,
nd vitreous, pure c, uncomplicated c, the either concave (minus) or convex (plus); a c.
is not being involved in the inflammatory lens refracts the rays of light in only one of its
rocess. pu'rulent c, suppurative inflammation principal meridians; it is used in eyeglasses to
f the ciliary body, including usually the iris. correct astigmatism.
B'rous c, simple c, serous iritis, punctate kera- cylin'drifonn [G. kylindros, cylinder, + L. forma,
itis, descemetitis simple inflammation of the
; form.] Shaped like a cylinder.
iliary body without suppuration or plastic cylindroadenoma (sil'in-dro-ad-e-no'mah). A tumor
xudate. composed of collections of hyaline cylinders sur-
locepha'lia, cycloceph'aly [G. kyklos, round, + rounding dilated capillaries of the lymph glands,
ephalS, head.] Cyclencephaly. and themselves surrounded by round cells.
lochorioiditis (si-klo - ko-re - oy - di' (de')tis) In- . cylin"droceU'ular. Relating to cylindrical cells.
ammation of the ciliary body and the chorioid cylindrodendrite (sil'in-dro-den'drit) [{axis)cylinder
oat of the eye. + dendrite.'] A process given off from an axis-
.odialysis (si-klo-di-al'i-sis) [G. kyklos, circle cylinder process, or neuraxon; paraxon.
miliary body), +
dialysis, a separating, breaking cyrindroid [G. kylindros, roll, cylinder, + eidos,
p.] The establishment of a communication be- appearance.] i. Resembling a cylinder; more
ween the anterior chamber and the supra- or less cylindrical. 2. A
mucous cast, false cast,
dorioidal space in order to relieve intraocular an elongated mass of mucus in the urine.
ressure in glaucoma. cylindro'ma,- pi. cylindro'maia [G. kylindros, cylinder,
ophoria (si-klo-faw'rJ-ah) [G. kyklos, circle, + H- -oma.'] I . A
form of colloid cancer marked by
hora, movement.] Heterophoria caused by lack epithelial ingrowths which appear to enclose the
E equilibrium of the oblique muscles of the eye. mytxomatous stroma. 2. A
tumor composed of
o'pia [Kyklops {kyklos, circle, +
dps, eye,) a collection of hyaline cylinders, surrounding a
mythological giant with one eye in the middle central dilated capillary, and themselves surround-
E the forehead.] Synophthalmia, a congenital ed by round cells.
efect in which the two orbits are fused into a cylindrosarco'ma. A sarcoma presenting the hya-
ngle cavity containing one rudimentary eye. line degeneration characteristic of a cylindroma.
;'is usually combined with cyclencephaly. cylindruria (sil-in-dru'rl-ah). The presence of renal
oplegia (si-klo-ple'ji-ah) [G. kyklos, circle, + cylinders or casts in the urine.
^'Bge, stroke.]Paralysis of accommodation, loss cyll'in. Trade name of d, dark alkaline liquid
\power in the ciliary muscle of the eye. obtained from coal-tar it contains a number of
;

ople'gic. J.. Relating to cycloplegia. 2. Any- oxidized hydrocarbons, differing from phenols in
ling which paralyzes the ciliary muscle and thus having a diphenyl nucleus; antiseptic but not
le power of accommodation. poisonous or caustic; employed internally in
lops [see cyclopia.'\ A
monster with fusion of doses of nji-5 (0.06-0.3), ^^'^ externally in
le orbits into one. lotions of the strength of i to 200 and in oint-
o'sis [G. kykloo, I whirl ments.
ound.] The movement cyllo'sis [G. kyllosis.} Clubfoot.
\ the protoplasm and cymarin (si'mar-in). Trade name of a preparation
mtained plastids within ofapocynum, recommended as a diuretic and
le protozoan cell, cardiac tonic.
jthymia (si-klo-thi'ml- cym'ba con'chae [G. kymbe, boat.] The upper,
1) [G. kyklos, circle, + smaller, part of the concha lying above the crus
ymos, rage.] Manic- helicis.

jpressive psychosis, cir- cymbocephalic, cymbocephalous (sim-bo-sS-fal'ik)

ilar or cyclic insanity, sim-bo-sef'i-lus) [G. kymbe, bowl, -I- kephale,
pecially when marked head.] Having a bowl-shaped skull, one with a
Synophthalmus, depression of the upper surface.
f attacks of mild form. OR Cyclops.
athy'miac, cyclothy'mic. cymboceph'aly. The condition of being cymbo-
elating to cyclothymia or cyclic insanity. cephalic.
lotome. delicate knife for use in cyclotomy.
A cyme (sim) [G. kyma, a breaking wave.] In botany,
Dt'omy [G. kyklos, circle, +
tome, incision.] a form of branching in which the axis of the parent
peration of cutting the ciliary muscle. stem terminates in a flower, the lateral shoots
o'tus [G. kyklos, a circle, + ous(pt-), ear.] Syno- growing up above it. bip'arous c, dischasium
is.
hel'icoidc, a sympodial branching in which
I'nium [G. kydonion, quince] The seed of the axes are all on he same side, scor'pioid c,
ydonia cydonia the quince, employed as a a sympodial branching in which the branches
smulcent. are placed alternately on one and the other side.
 CYNANCHE 252 CYST

cynanche (sin-ang'ke) [G. kynanche, a dog-collar.] Cy'prus fe'ver. Malta fever.

Sore throat, c. malig'na, gangrenous pharyn- cyrtograph (sur'to-graf) [G. kyrtos, bent, -I- grapho-
gitis, c. sublingua'lis, Ludwig's* angina, c. I write.] An instrument for recording the res,
tonsilla'ris, tonsillitis, quinsy. piratory movements of the chest.
Cynanchum (si-nang'kum) [G. kynanche, sorethroat.] cyrtometer (sur-tom'e-ter) [G. kyrtos, bent, -|-
A genus of plants of southern and middle Europe, metron, measure.] An instrument for determin-
one species of which furnishes vincetoxicuiu.* ing the size and shape of the chest.
cynan'thropy [G. kydn(kyn-), dog, + anthropos, cyrtosis (sur-to'sis) [G. kyrtos, bent.] Any abnor-
man.] A form of insanity in which the patient mal curvature of the spine or of the extremities.
barks and growls, imagining himself to be a dog. cyst (sist) [G kystis, bladder.] i. bladder. 2.A
C3Tiarase (si'nar-az). A rennet ferment obtained An abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semi-
from the plant, Cynara cardunculus, solid material
cyniatrics (si-nl-at'riks) [G. kyon(kyn-), dog, +
iatrike,medical science.] The study and treat-
adventi'tious c, a c. resulting from the fonnation of
ment of disease in the dog. an enclosing wall around a blood effusion or other
cyn'ic [G. kyon, dog.] Dog-like, noting a spasm of foreign body.
the muscles of the face, cynic spasm, causing a grin allanto'ic c, a circumscribed dilatation of the
like the snarl of a dog. urachus.
cyn'obex [G. kydn(kyn-), dog, + hex, cough.] A apoplec'tic c, an adventitious \^. formed of the
barking cough. effused blood in apoplexy.
athero'xnatous c, a dermoid c, formed from imma-
cynocephalus (si-no-sef'S-lus) [G. kyon, dog, -I-
ture epiblastic cells before the dermal structures have
kephale, head.] A monster with a head sloping
been developed, the sac containing therefore only a
back from the orbits, resembling that of a dog. pultaceou3 mass.
cynoglos'sum [G. kyon, dog, + glossa, tongue.] blood c, sangineous c.
Hound' s-tongue, the root of Cynoglossum offici- bran'chial c, a congenital c. resulting from the non-
nale, a weed having a mousy odor; formerly used closure of a branchial cleft.
in glandular tuberculosis, and in large doses said bursal c, a retention c. in 11 bursa.
butter c, an area of saponifying necrosis in a lipoma.
to resemble curare in action.
chyle c, an embryonal c. of the mesentery, contain-
cynophobia (si-no-fo'bl-ah) [G. kydnQiyn-), dog, +
ing chyle.
phohos, fear.] t. Extreme aversion to, or un- colloid c, one with gelatinous contents.
reasonable fear of, dogs. :«. Lyssophobia. com'pound c, multilocular c. a mother c. containing
;

cynorex'ia [G. kyon{kyn-), dog, -f- orexis, appetite.] daughter cysts.

A voracious appetite, bulimia. cuta'neous c, cutic'ular c, any t. of the skin;
cynothyrotoxin (si-no-thi-ro-toks'in) [G. kyon, dog, dermoid c.

+ daughter c, a secondary c, a u., usually multiple,

thyroid, gland, +toxin.] Term given by
derived from a primary c.
Berkeley to a substance or group of substances
degenera'tion c, involution c.
assumed to be present normally in the dog I

dentig'erous c, follicular odontoma, an expanded

thyroid, but to be toxic in man. dental follicle, containing fluid and one or more teeth.
Cy'on's ex'periment [Elie de Cyan, Russian physi- der'moid c, a tumor consisting of displaced epiblastic
ologist, 1S43-1912.] A
stimulus applied to an structures, the wall being formed of epithelium-lined
intact anterior spinal nerve root produces a connective tissue and containing epithelium, hair, and
stronger muscular contraction than the same other appendages of the skin.
dilata'tion c, retention c.
stimulus applied to the peripheral end of a,
disten'tion c, retention c.
divided nerve root. C.'s nerve, depressor nerve
echinococ'cus c, hydatid c.
of the heart, a filament of the vagus. endothe'lial c, a serous c. whose sac is lined with
cyophoria (si-o-for'i-ah) [G. kyophored, I am preg- endothelium.
nant. ] Pregnancy. epen'dymal c, a circumscribed distention of some
cyophor'ic [G. kyophoros, pregnant.] Relating to portion of the central canal of the spinal cord or of
pregnancy. the cerebral ventricles.
cypho'sis, cyphot'ic. epithe'lial c, dermoid c.
Kyphosis, kyphotic.
extra vasa'tion c, hemorrhagic c.
cy'press oil. Cupressus oil.
exuda'tion c, a c. resulting from distention of a
cyp'ridol. Hydriodol; a i per cent, solution of closed cavity, such as a bursa, by an excessive secre-
mercuric iodide (biniodide) in sterilized oil, used tion of its normal fluid contents.
hypodermically in doses of 3 to 6 minims (0.2- c, adventitious c.
false
0.4) in the treatment of syphilis. follic'ular c, tubulocyst.
cypridop'athy [G. Kypris, Venus.] Any venereal gas c, one with gaseous instead of the ordinary
disease. liquid or pultaceous contents.
cypridophobia (si-prl-do-fo'bl-ah) [G. Kypris, Venus, hemorrhag'ic c, a c. resulting from the encapsulation
of a mass of extravasated blood.
4- photos, fear.] 1. A morbid dread of contract-
hydaf id c, a cyst formed by the lodgment in the
ing venereal disease. 2. An erroneous belief that liver or elsewhere of an echinococcus larva.
one is suffering from venereal disease. 3. A mor- implanta'tion c, a cyst originating from a portion of
bid fear of the sexual act. skin grafted into the deeper tissues through some
cyprip'edin. An eclectic concentration product trauma, a traumatic dermoid cyst.
from a tincture of the root of cypripedium; inclu'sion c, dermoid c.
employed in neuralgia and hysteria in doses of involu'tion c, a mammary cyst occurring at the
menopause, due to cystic degeneration of the gland.
gr. i-2 (0.03-0.13).
lac'teal c, a retention c. in the mammary gland
cypripedium (sip-rl-pe'di-um) [G. Kypris, Venus, + resulting from closure of a lactiferous duct.
pedion, meta.ta.irsus.] (N.F.) The rhizome and Meibo'mian c, chalazion.
roots of Cypripedium hirsutum (C. parviflorum) milk c, lacteal c.
yellow lady's slipper, yellow moccasin flower, ^
Morgagn'ian c, hydatid of Morgagni, cystic dilata-
American valerian, male nervine; antispasmodic tion of the long fimbria of the Fallopian tube.
and nervine, in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). A mother c, a primary c. containing other (daughter)
fluidextract is ofFicial. cysts within it.
cypripho'bia.
mucous c, a retention c. resulting from obstruction
Cypridophobia. m the duct of a mucous gland
ST 2S3 CYSTIN
inultiloc'ular c, one containing several compart-
bladder, -I- auchen, neck, -I- iomi, incision.]
:ents formed by membranous septa; compound c.
Incision of the neck of the bladder.
necrof ic c, one due to a circumscribed encapsulated
rea of necrosis with subsequent liquefaction of the
cystectasia, cystectasy (sist-ek-ta'sl-ah, sis-tek'ta-si)
5ad tissue. [G. kysiis, bladder, -I- ekiasis, extension.] Dila-
neural c, ependymal o. tation of the bladder.
nevoid c, one with an extremely vascular sac. cystec'tomy [G. kysiis, bladder, cyst, ekiome,+
oil c, a c. resulting from fatty degeneration of the excision.] i. Excision of the gall-bladder or of a
3ithelial lining of a sebaceous, dermoid, or lacteal c.
portion of the urinary bladder, n. Removal of a
oOphorit'ic c.» an ovarian c. arising from the ovary
cyst.
roper rather than from the parovarium.
parasif ic c, one formed by the larva of a metazoan cy stein (sis'te-in). Alpha-amino-beta-thiopro-
irasite, an hydatid or trichinal c. pionio acid, CH2(SH).CH(NH2).COOH, a pro-
parent c, mother c. tein cleavage product, sometimes found in the
parotiphorific c, an ovarian u. arising from the urine.
irovarium. cystelco'sia, cystelco'sis [G. kystis, bladder, -t- hel-
pilif erous c, a dermoid c. containing hair. kdsis, ulceration.] Ulceration of the bladder.
prolifera'tion c, proliferative c, proliferous c, a
[Other c. containing daughter cysts; a c. with tumor-
cyst'elminth [G. kysiis, cyst, + helmins (helminth-),
formation at one portion of the sac.
worm.] Hydatid cyst.
is
prolig' erous c, adenocarcinoma. cystenceph'alus [G. kystis, bladder, enkephalas,+
reten'tion c, a c. resulting from some obstruction to brain.] A
fetus with extreme internal hydro-
le excretory duct of a gland. cephalus, so that the brain is little more than a
sanguin'eous c, hemorrhagic c; a c. containing sac distended with fluid.
[lidblood. cysten'des s [G. kystis, bladder, -f endesis, a junc-
seba'ceous c, wen, steatoma; a rounded tumor of tion, binding together.] Suture of a wound in a
mable size due to retention of the excretion in the
bladder.
ibaceous follicles.
sec'ondary c., daughter c. cyster'ethism [G. kystis, bladder, -I- ereihismos,
secre'tory c, one due to retention of the normal irritation.] Irritability of the bladder, vesical
icretion in a gland, following closure of the duct, or irritation.
irmation of fluid in a closed cavity more rapidly than cysthypersarcosis (sist-hi'per-sar-ko'sis) [G. kystis,
can be absorbed. bladder, 4- hyper, over, + sarx, flesh.] Hyper-
sequestra'tion c, a cystic tumor arising from a trophy of the wall of the bladder.
Drtion of true skin which was displaced and im-
cys'tic [G. kysiis, bladder, cyst.] i. Relating to
risoned in one of the lines of fissure of the body dur-
the urinary bladder or gall-bladder. 2. Relating
ig the growth of the embryo.
serous c, a c. containing clear serous fluid, hygroma. to a cyst.
soap c, butter c. cysticercosis (sis-tf-sur-ko'sis) Invasion of the
.

sterile c, an hydatid c. without brood-capsules. body by the larva of Tania solium.

sublin'gual c, ranula. Cystlcer'cus [G. kystis, bladder, +
kerkos, tail.
subsyno'vial c, distention of a synovial follicle. A
genus of bladder-worms, now known to be the
syno'vial c, thecal c. encysted larvae of various tapeworms; the
tarsal c, chalazion.
generic name is, however, retained as a conve-
thecal c, circumscribed distention of a tendon
leath; ganghon. nience in description. C. acanthof lias, an abnor-
thyrolin'gual c, a c. in the midline of the neck result- mal form of C. cellulosce. C. botryo'ides, C.
g from non-closure of a segment of the primitive racemosus. C. bo'vis, the larva of Tcenia sag-
lyrolingual duct. inata. C. cellulo'sse, pork measles, the larva,
tu'bular c, tubulocyst. encysted in the flesh of swine, of Tania solium^
umbil'ical c, vitellointestinal c. it occurs also in man when the ova of T. solium
uniloc'ular c, a simple c, having a single sac.
have been ingested, being found in the brain,
u'rachal c, allantoic c, a c. resulting from the non-
>literation of a segment of the urachus.
eye, cellular tissue, muscle, liver, etc. C. multi-
u'rinary c, one containing extiavasated urine. locula'ris, C, racemosus. C. racemo'sus, an ab-
vitellointes'tinal c, a small red sessile or peduncu- normal variety, very irregular in shape, some-
bedtumor at the umbilicus in an infant; it is due to times found at the base of the brain and not
3persistence of a segment of the vitellointestinal ducts encysted.
Wolffian €.» a c. arising from any of the structure, cysticolithectomy (sis"tI-ko-lI-thek'to-mI) [cystic
rmed from the Wolffian body or duct. (duct) + lithos, stone, ekiome, excision.
-I-

tdenoma, pi. cystadenc/maia (sist"ad-e-no'mah J Operative removal of an impacted gallstone from

kysiis, bladder, + aden, gland, + -dma.'] A the cystic duct.
mor of glandular structure distended with the cysticot'omy \cystic(duct') -H G. tome, incision.] An
lid product of continued gland secretion- c. incision of the cystic bile-duct.
amanti'nuin, an incorrect term for adamanti- cystidolaparotomy (sis"tI-do-lap"ar-ot'o-mI) [G.
ma. c. par'tim sim'plex par'tim papilliferum, kystis, bladder, -I- lapara, flank, + tome, incision
]

;. consisting of a combination of the simple and

Incision into the bladder after a preliminary ab-
pillary forms. dominal section.
Ldenosarco'xna. A
cystadenoma containing sar- cystidople'gia. Cystoplegia.
matous elements. cystidotrachelotomy (sis"tI-do-tra-ke-lot'o-my [G.
Igia (sl^tal'jl-ah) [G. kysiis, bladder, -I- algos, kystis, bladder, + trachelos, neclf, -t- tome, inci-
in.] Pain in the bladder, especially the urinary sion.] Cystauchenotomy.
idder. cystifelleotomy (sis"t!(-fel-e-ot'o-mI) [G. kysiis, blad-
unine. Trade name of a make of hexa- der, + L. fel, bile, +
G. tome, incision.] Chole-
ithylenamine. cystotomy.
tro'phia, cystafrophy [G. kystis, bladder, -I- cys'tiform [G. kysiis, bag, cyst, -I- L. forma, form.]
ophia, atrophy.] Atrophy of the bladder. Cystic, cystoid.
uchenitis (sis-taw-ken-i'(e')tis) [G. kystis, cys'tin [G. kystis, bladder.] An amino-acid, a
idder, + auchen, neck, -f- -itis.^ Infiamma- cleavage product of protein, C6Hi2N!S204, some-
n of the neck of the bladder; prostatitis. times occurring as a deposit in the urine, or
uchenotomy (sis-taw-ken-ot'o-ml) [G. kysiis, forming a vesical calculus.
CYSTINEMIA 254 CYSTOTOMY

cystine'mia, cystinae'mia [cyslin G. haima, + cysto'nia, pi. cysto'mata, cysto'mas. A cystic tumor,
blood.] The supposed presence of cystin in the a new growth containing cysts.
peripheral blood.
cystom'onas [G. kystis, bladder, + monas, a unit.]

G. ourott, urine.] The pres-

Bodo.
cystinu'ria [cystin + [G. kystis, bladder, + morphe,
cystomor'phous
ence of cystin in the urine, usually associated with
form.]Cystoid, bladder-like, cyst-like,
hepatic disease and jaundice.
Cystorrhagia.
cystomyoma (sis-to-mi-o'mah). myoma in which A
cystiirha'gia.
cystic formation has occurred.
cystirrhe'a, cystirrhce'a. Cystorrhea.
cystomyxoadenoma (sis"to-mik"so-ad-e-no'mah). A
cys'tis [G. kystis.] i. Bladder, vesica. 2. A cyst.
combined myxoma and adenoma in which cystic
fellea, gall-bladder, vesica fellea [BNA]. c.
c. degeneration has occurred.
bladder, vesica urinaria
urina'ria, urinary cystomyxo'ma. A myxoma in which cysts have
[BNA]. formed.
cystistax'is [G. kystis, bladder, + staxis, trickling.] cystonephro'sis [G. kystis, bag, + nephros, kidney.]
Oozing of blood from the mucous membrane of the The occurrence of cystic dilatation of the tubules
bladder. of the kidney.
cystitis (sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. kystis, bladder, -t- -itis.]
cystoneuralgia (sis-to-nu-ral'ji-ah). Neuralgia of
Inflammation of a bladder, especially the urinary the bladder; pain in the bladder without any ap-
bladder, t. col'li, inflammation of the neck of the parent lesion to cause it; cystalgia, cystodynia.
bladder. cystoparal'ysis. Paralysis of the bladder.
cys'titome. A
small knife for use in dividing the cys'topexy [G. kystis, bladder, + pexis, fixation.]
capsule of the crystalline lens. Surgical attachment of the gall-bladder or of the
cystit'omy [G. kystis, bladder, sac, +
tome, incision.] urinary bladder to the abdominal wall.
I. Incision of the capsule of the crystalline lens, cys'toplasty [G. kystis, bladder, -I- plasso, I form.]
capsulotomy. 2. Incision into the urinary blad- Surgical repair of a defect in the bladder.
der, cystotomy. 3. Incision into the gall-blad- cystople'gia [G. kystis, bladder, -t- plege, a stroke.]
der, cholecystotomy. Paralysis of the bladder.
cystoadenoma (sis"to-ad-e-no'mah). Cystadenoma. cystoproctos'tomy [G. kystis, bladder, -f proktos,
cystocarcino'nia. A carcinoma in which cystic anus, + stoma, mouth.] The operative estab-
degeneration has occurred. lishment of an opening between the bladder and
cys'tocarp [G. kystis, bladder, + karpos, fruit.] the rectum.
Sporocarp. cystopto'sia, cystopto'sis [G. kystis, bladder, -I-

cystocele (sis'to-sel) [G. kystis, bladder, kele, + ptdsis, a Prolapse of the vesical mucous
falling.]
hernia.] Hernia of the bladder. membrane into the m-ethra.
cystocolos'tomy [G. kystis, bladder, kolon, colon, + cystopu'rin. Proprietary name for a double salt or
-I- stoma, mouth.] The formation of a communi- mixture of sodium acetate and hexamethylene-
cation between the gall-bladder and the colon; tetramine; urinary antiseptic.
cholecystocolostomy. cystopyeUtis (sis-to-pi-el-i'(e')tis) [G. kystis, bladder,
cystodyn'ia [G. kystis, bladder, -I- odyne, pain.] Cyst- -I- pyelos, pelvis, + -itis.'] Inflammation of both
algia, pain in the bladder, the bladder and the pelvis of the kidney.
cystoelytroplasty (sis-to-el'J-tro-plas-tl) [G. kystis, cystopyelonephritis (sis-to-pi"el-o-ne-fri'(fre')tis) [G
bladder, -H elytron, sheath, + plasso, I form.] kystis, bladder, -I- pyelos, pelvis, -f nephros,
Operation for the repair of vesicovaginal fistula. kidney, +
-itis.'] Inflammation of the bladder, the

cystoenterocele (sis-to-en'ter-o-sel) [G. kystis, blad- pelvis of the kidney, and the kidney substance.
der, +enteron, intestine, +
kele, hernia.] Her- cystorectos'tomy [G. kystis, bladder, + L. rectum
nial protrusion of portions of the bladder and of + G. stoma, mouth.] Cystoproctostomy.
the intestine. cystoirha'gia [G. kystis, bladder, -I- -rhagia.}
cystoepiplocele (sis-to-6-pip'lo-sel) [G. kystis, blad- Hemorrhage from the bladder.
der, +epiploon, omentum, kele, +
tumor.] cystor'rhaphy [G. kystis, bladder, -1- rhaphS, a.

Hernial protrusion of portions of the bladder sewing.] Suture of a wound in the bladder.
and of the omentum. cystorrhe'a, cystorrhoe'a [G. kystis, bladder, -I-
cystoepithelio'ma. An epithelioma which has rhoia, a flow.] Cystirrhea; a mucous discharge
undergone cystic degeneration. from the bladder, vesical catarrh.
cystofibro'ma. A
fibroma in which cysts have cystosarco'ma, pi. cystosarco'mata, cystocarco'mas.
formed. A sarcoma in which the formation of cysts has
Cystoflagella'ta [G. kystis, bladder, L. flagellum, + occurred.
whip.] A
subclass of Phytomasiigophora having cys'toscope [G. kystis, bladder, + skopeo, I examine.]
a firm membranous envelope. A tubiolar instniment for use in examining the
cys'tagen. Trade name for a special make of hexa- mucous membrane of the bladder.
methylenamina. cystos'copy. The inspection of the interior of the
cys'toid [G. kystis, bladder, +
eidos, appearance.] bladder by means of a cystoscope.
Cystiform, bladder-like, resembling a cyst. A cystose (sis'tsz). Cystic, cystous, containing cysts.
tumor resembling a cyst with ptdtaceous contents, cys'tospasm. Spasmodic contraction of the bladder,
but without capsule. cystospennitis (sis-to-sper-mi'(me')tis) [G kystis,
cys'tolith [G. kystis, bladder, + lithos, stone.] A bladder, + sperma, seed, + -itis.] Inflammation
vesical calculus, a stone in the urinary bladder. of a seminal vesicle.
cystoUthec'tomy [G. kystis, bladder, lithos, stone,+ cystostax'is. Cystistaxis.
-I-ektome, excision.] Removal of a stone from cys'totome [G. kystis, bladder, -I- tome, a cutting.]
the bladder, especially of a calcuKis from the gall- An instrument for incising (i) the urinary or gall-
bladder. bladder, or (2) the capsule of the lens in a cataract
cystoUthiasia (sis-to-ll-thi'a-sis) [G. kystis, bladder operation.
-f lithos, stone.] Stone in the bladder; the pres- cystot'omy. Incision (i) into the urinary or gall-
ence of a vesical calculus. bladder, or (2) into the capsule of the crystalline
cystolith'ic. Relating to a vesical calculus. lens (capsulotomy).
TOTRACHELOT 'SS CYTOPHIL, CYTOPHILE

iachelotomy (sis-to-trak-el-ot'o-mJ) [G. kystis, off.] I. Noting a neoplasm at a distance from

dder, + irachelos, neck, + tome, incision.] the cells from which it took origin. 2. Noting
itauchenotomy. the extremity of a nerve fibril or axis-cylinder
tireteritis (sis-to-u-re-ter-i'(e')tis). Inflamma- at a distance from the cell-body.
1 of the bladder and of one or both ureters. cytogen'esis [G. kytos, cell, + genesis, origin.}
urethritis (sis-to-u-re-thri'(thre')tis). Inflam- The origin and development of cells.
tion of the bladder and of the urethra. cytogen'ic. Relating to cytogenesis.
urethroscope (sia-to-u-re'thro-scope). An in- cytogenous (si-toj'en-us). Cell-forming, noting es-
ument combining the uses of a cystoscope and pecially the connective-tissue cells.
irethroscope. cytoglo bin. A globin obtained from leucocytes
+ -ase, noting
B (si'taz) [G. kytos, hollow (cell), and lymphocytes.
enzyme.] Metchnikoff's term for alexin or cytohistogen'esis [G. kytos, cell, + hisios, web, -t-
nplement, which he holds to be a digestive genesis, production.] Structural development of
retion of the leucocyte, a cell.
'ter [G. kytos, cell, + aster, star.] Aster. cytohy'aloplasm [G. kytos, cell, -1- hyalos, glass
(si'taks) [G. kytos, cell, + L. iaxare, to esti- + plasma.] The fibrillary network of the cyto
,te.] An apparatus for counting automatically plasm.'
i red leucocytes, and lymphocytes of the
cells, cy'toid [G. kytos, cell, + eidos, resemblance.] Re-
lod and registering their relative proportions. sembling a cell, cytode.
emolysis, cythemolysis (si-tem-(them-) ol'i-sis) cytological (si-to-loj'1-kal). Relating to cytology.
kytos, a hollow vessel (cell), haima, blood, + cytol'ogy [G. kytos, cell, + The anatomy,
-logia.]
lysis, solution.] Destruction or solution of physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the
! blood corpuscles; hemolysis, hemocytolysis. cell.
smolyt'ic (si-tem(them)-o-lit'ik). Relating to cy'tolymph [G. kytos, cell, + L. lympha.] Cytohya-
5 destruction of blood cells. lop'asm.
iromania (sith'er-o-ma'ni-ah) [G. Cythera, one cytol'ysin [G. kytos, cell, -f lysis, solution.] An
the names of Aphrodite or Venus, mania, + antibody capable of effecting partial or complete
nzy.] Nymphomania. destruction of an animal cell; it is usually not
ine. An alka'oid, CnHnN^O, from the seeds strictly specific, being capable of effecting hemoly-
Cytisus laburnum and other plants of the same .sis as well as of acting on other cells than the

lus; its salts are used in doses of gr. Jj—iV one which served as antigen.
003-0 006) as diuretics and nervines.
. cytol'ysis. Thedisintegration of a cell; see cyiolysin,
Tchitectonic (si"to-ar-kI-tek-ton'ik) [G. kytos, cytolyt'ic [G. kytos,hollow (cell), + lytikos, solvent.]
1, + archiiektonike, architecture.] Relating Relating to cytolysis; possessing a solvent or
the structural arrangement of cells, destructive action on cells.
blast [G. kytos, cell, + blastos, germ.] The cyto'ma [G. kytos, cell, -I- -oma.] A
cell-tumor, one
cleus of a cell. formed of atypically arranged cells.
ilaste'ma [G. kytos, cell, + blastema, sprout.] cytomachia (si-to-mak'J-ah) [G. kytos, cell, mache, +
toplasm. battle.] *' Battle of the cells;" the cellular activities
erastic, cytokerastic (si-to-ser(ker)-as'tik) [G. occurring during infection by pathogenic micro-
'OS, cell, + mixed, mingled.] Relating
kerastos, organisms and the resistance to such infection by
the process of change of a cell to a higher type. the cells of the body.
hem'ism (si-to-kem'izm) [G. kytos, cell.] cytometaplasia (si"to-met-S-pla'zI-ah) [G. kytos,
e chemistry of the cells. cell, -I- meiaplasis, transformation.] Change of
hemistry (si"to-kem'is-tri) [G. kytos, cell.] form or function of a cell,
emistry in relation to cells. cytom'eter [G. kytos, cell, +
metron, measure.]
hrome (si'to-krSm) chroma,
[G. kytos, cell, + An accessory of the microscope, employed in
or.] Noting a nerve cell containing only counting and measuring cells, especially blood-
Lces of a body with a nucleus about the size of cells.

ordinary leucocyte. cytomi'crosome [G. kytos, cell, -I- mikros, small, +

ihylema (si-to-ki-le'mah) [G. kytos, cell, + soma, body.] One of the granules forming an
vlos, juice.] The more fluid portion of the essential constituent of the cytoplasm, distin-
toplasm. guished from the non-protoplasmic granules con-
/lasis [G. kytos, cell, + klasis, a. breaking.] stituting the deutoplasm or paraplasm; thread
agmentation of the cells. granule.
ilas'tic. Relating to cy-toclasis; destructive of cytom'itome [G. kytos, cell, -I- mitos, thread.] Any
Is. portion of the fibrillary network of the cjrto-
yst (si'to-sist) [G. kytos, a hollow vessel (cell), plasm.
kystis, bladder.] The bladder-like remains cytomorpho'sis [G. kytos, cell, -t- morphosis, a
the blood-cell or tissue-cell of a vertebrate shaping.] The changes which the cell undergoes
closing a mature schizont. during the various stages of its existence.
le (si'tod) [G. kytos, cell, -I- eidos, resemblance.] cytope'nia [G. kytos, cell, + penia, poverty.]
cell,especially a non-nucleated cell; or a simple Poverty of the blood in cellular elements, hypo-
cjrtosis.
iss of protoplasm, plasson.
dendron, tree.] + cytoph'agous [G. kytos, cell, -I- phago, I eat.]
len'drite [G. kytos, cell,
dendrite given oflE directly from the body of Devouring or destructive to cells.
s nerve-cell. cytoph'agy. The devouring of other cells by the
a hollow (cell), 4- diagnosis.]
liagno'sis [G. kytos,
phagocytes.
agnosis of the cause and origin of an exudate
cytophar'ynx [G. kytos, -I- pharynx.]
cell, A funnel-
a study of its contaned cells.
shaped pit through which food particles enter the
lier'esis (si-to-di-er'e-sis) G. kytos, cell, di- + body in infusoria and certain other forms of
Cel'.-division, either mitosis or protozoa.
esis, division.]
cytophil, cytophile (si'to-fil, si'to-fil) [G. kytos, cell,
litosis.
Us'tal [G. kytos, cell, + L. distare, to stand -f philos, fond.] Having an affinity for cells,
CYTOPHIL, CYTOPHILE 256 CZERNY-LEMBERT SUTURE

attracted by cells, c. group, the atom group in cytother'apy [G. kytos, hollow vessel, cell, -t- thera-

the amboceptor which binds it to the cell. peia, healing.] Opotherapy, organotherapy.
cytophyletic (si-to-fi-let'ik) [G. kyios, cell, + phyle, a. cytoth'esis [G. kytos, cell, +
thesis, a placing,] The

tribe.] Relating to the genealogy of a cell. repair of injury in a cell; the restoration of cells.
cy'toplasm [G. kytos, a hollow (cell), + plasma, cytotox'ic. Cytolytic, destructive to cells.
thing formed.] i. Protoplasm, the substance of cytotox'in [G. kytos, a hollow (cell), +
toxin.] A
a cell exclusive of the nucleus and various inclu- specific cell-destroying substance cytolysin.
;

sions; it consists of a fine reticular structure, cytotrochin (si-to-tro'kin) [G. kytos, cell, -j- irochia,
spongioplasm, enclosing in its tneshes a colloid track.] In chemotherapy the cytotropic element
semifluid matter, the cylochylema, 2. The for- in the compound, which carries with it the active
mative portion of the yolk as distinguished from element.
the deutoplasm. C3rtotropic (si-to-trop'ik) [G. kytos, cell, -I- trope, a
cytoplas'mic. Relating to the cytoplasm. turning.] Having an affinity for cells.
C3rtoplas'tin [G. hytos, cell.] The plastin substance cytozo'ic [G. kytos, a hollow (cell), +
zo, I live.]

of the cytoplasm, consisting of spongioplastin and Living in a cell, noting certain parasitic proto-
paraplastin. zoa.
cytoprox'imal [G. hytos, cell, +
L. proximus, cytozo'on [G. kytos, cell, +
zoon, animal.] proto- A
nearest.] Noting the portion of a nerve-fibril or zoan cell-parasite.
axis-cylinder near its origin from the nerve-cell. cytozyme (si'to-zim) [G. kytos, cell, +
zyme leaven.]
cytopyge (si-to-pi'je) [G. kytos, cell, -1- pyge, but- A hypothetical substance produced by tissue
tocks.] The anal orifice found in certain of the cells, leucocytes, and blood platelets which
infusoria. reacts with serozyme to produce thrombin;
cytoretic'ulum [G. kytos, a hollow body (cell), + thrombokinase.
L. reticulum, dim. of rete, Spongioplasm.
a net.] cytula (si'tu-lah) [L. dim. of G. kytos, cell.] The
Cytoryctes (si-to-rik'tSz) [G. kytos, a hollow (cell), impregnated ovum.
-(- oryktes, a digger.] Guamieri body, an intra- cytu'ria [G. kytos, cell, +
ouron, urine.] The pas-
cellular body, assumed to be the protozoan para- sage of cells in unusual numbers in the urine.
site of smallpox (C variola) and of vaccina (C Czaplewsky's bacil'lus (chS-plev'ske) [Eugen Cza-
vaccina), and other affections. C. aptha'rum, a plewsky, Polish physician, *i865.] The sup-
supposed protozoan parasite of foot-and-mouth posed specific organism of whooping-cough. C.'s
disease. C. lu'is, a minute flagellate protozoon, meth'od, staining the tubercle bacillus with car-
described by Siegel as present in the red blood- bolic fuchsin, the contrast color being obtained
corpuscles in syphilis. C. scarlati'nce, a. sup- by dipping the specimen in a solution of fluorescin
posed protozoan parasite of scarlet fever. C. I, and methylene blue 5, in alcohol 100, and
vACci'nse, the supposed protozoan cause of then several times in a 5 per cent, methylene
vaccina. C. Tari'ols, the supposed cause of blue alcoholic solution without fluorescin.
smallpox, a protozoan parasite found in the skin Czermak's spa'ces (cher'mahk) [Johann Nepomuk
lesions of that disease. Czermak, Austrian physician and physiologist,
cytosine (si'to-sin) [G. kytos, cell.] A pyrimidine 1828-1873.] The interglobular spaces, or gaps
base obtained by the cleavage of certain com- in the dentine due to failure of calcification.
plex nucleic acids. Czerny's opera'tion (cher'ne) [Vincenz v. Czerny,
cy'tosome [G. kytos, cell, + soma, body.] The cell Heidelberg surgeon, 1842-1916.] A radical
body exclus ve of the nucleus. hernia operation; the sac is ligated and cut off,
cytos'tasis [G. kytos, cell, +
stasis, standing.] The the stump is returned to the abdomen and the
arrest of leucocytes in -a, minute blood-vessel. edges of the opening are sutured. C.'s su'ture,
cy'tostome (si'to-stom) [G. kytos, cell, stoma, + the 'first row of the Czerny-Lembert intestinal
mouth.] The mouth opening in infusoria and suture; the needle enters the serosa and passes
certain other protozoa. out through the submucosa or muscularis, and
cytostromat'ic [G. kytos, cell.] Relating to the cell then enters the submucosa or muscularis of the
stroma. opposite side and emerges from the serosa. The
cytotac'tic. Relating to cytotaxia. second row is the Lembert suture.
cytotax'ia, cytotax'is [G. kytos, cell, -)- taxis, arrange- Czer'ny-Lem'bert su'ture [see Lembert.] An intes-
ment.] The attraction {positive c.) or repulsion tinal suture in two rows combining the Czerny
(negative c.) of cells for one another. and the Lembert sutures.
 .

2S7 DACTYLUS

D
Abbreviation: in prescription writing, for da, junction of the frontonasal and vertical lacry-
ve, detur, dentur, let there be given; in electro- momaxillary sutures at the inner angle of the
iagnosis, for duration, the current flowing the orbit.
rcuit being closed; in optics for diopter, and dacryops (dak'rl-ops) [G. dakryon, tear, -t- dps, eye.]
!Xter. right; in dental formulEe, for deciduous. The constant presence of an excess of tears in the
3os'ta's disease' [Jacob M. Da
Costa, Philadelphia eye, owing to narrowing of the punctum lacri-
liysician, 1833— 1900.] Retrocedent gout.* male.
yadenitis (dak"re-ad-e-ni'(ne')tis). Dacryo- dacryopyorrhea, dacryopyorrhoea (dak"ri-o-pi-S-
ienitis.
re'ah) [G. dakryon, tear, -f- pyon, pus, -|- rhoia,
yagogatresia (dak-re-a"go-ga,-tre'sI-ah) [G. flow.] The discharge of pus from the lacrymal
ikry, tear, + agogos, leading, +
atresia.'] Ob- duct.
ruction or closure of a lacryinal duct.
yagogue (daVrl-S-gog) [G. dakry, tear, +
dacryopyo'sis [G. dakryon, tear, + pyosis, suppura-
tion.] Suppuration in the lacrymal sac or
logos, leader.] i. Lacrymal duct. 2. Pro- duct.
.otiug the flow of tears. 3. An agent which
imulates the lacrymal gland to secretion.
daciyorrhe'a, dacryorrhoe'a [G. dakryon, tear, +
ryoadenalgia (dak-ri-o-ad-en-al'ji-ah)
rhoia, flow.] An excessive flow of tears.
[G.
dacryosolenitis (dak-re-o-so-len-i'(e')t s) G. dak-
ikryon, tear, +aden, gland, + algos, pain.]
ryon, tear, -I-' solen, a channel, +
-itis.} Inflam-
ain in one of the lacrymal glands.
yoadenitis (dak-re-o-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. dakryon,
mation of the lacrymal or nasal duct.
lar, + aden, gland, +
-itis^ Inflammation of dacryostenosis (dak"rl-o-ste-no'sis) [G. dakryon, tear,
-1- stenosis, narrowing.] Stricture of a lacrymal
le lacrymal gland.
ryoblennorrhea (dak-ri-o-blen-or-re'ah) [G.
or nasal duct.
ikryon, tear, +
blenna, mucus, +
rhoia, flow.] dacryosyr'inx [G. dakryon, tear, + syrinx, pipe.] A
discharge of mucus from a lacrymal duct. lacrymal fistula.
yocele (dak/ri-o-sel) [G. dakryon, tear, kele, + dac'tyl [G. daktylos.l A finger or toe.
srnia.] Protrusion of the lacrymal sac. dactyl'ion [G. daktylos, finger.] The presence of
lyocyst [G. dakryon, tear, +
kystis, sac] The adhesions, either congenital or acqu'red, between
rcrymal sac, saccus lacrimalis [BNA]. two or more fingers; dactylosymphysis, syndac-
yocystal'gia [G. algos, pain.] Pain in the tyly, syndactylism.
crymal sac. dactylitis (dak-til-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of one
yocystitis (dak"re-o-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. dakryon, or more fingers.
•ax, + kystis, bladder, + -itis.] Inflammation dactyrium. Dactylion.
'
the lacrymal sac. dactylocampsod3mia (dak"tI-lo-kamp"so-din'I-ah)
yocys'titome. Dacryocystotome. [G. daktylos, finger, -|- kampsis, a bending, +
ryocystoblennorrhea (dak-ri-o-sis"to-blen-or- odyne, pain.] Painful contraction of one or more
i'ah). Chronic catarrhal dacryocystitis. fingers.
yocystocele (dak"ri-o-sis'to-sel) [G. dakryon, dactylographer's cramp (dak-til-og'ra,-furz kramp)
ar, + kystis, sac, + kill, hernia.] Protrusion [G. daktylos, finger, + grapho, I write.] Type-
the lacrymal sac. writer's cramp, an occupation neurosis, similar
yocystopto'sia [dacryocyst + G. ptosis, a falling.] to writer's cramp.
ownward displacement of the lacrymal sac. dactylogryposis (dak-ti-lo-gri-po'sis) [G. dakty-
yocystorrhinostomy (dak"ri-o-sis"tor-ri-nos'- los, flnger, -1- gryposis, a curve.] Contraction of
i-ml) [G. dakryon, tear, + kystis, bladder, + the flngers.
is(rhin-), nose, + stoma, mouth.] The estab- dactylol'ogy [G. daktylos, finger, -f- logos, word.]
ihment of an artificial opening between the The use of the finger alphabet in talking.
ar-sac and the nasal cavity. dactylol'ysis [G. daktylos, finger or toe, -{- lysis,
yocys'totome. A small knife for incising the loosing.] Ainhum.
crymal sac. dactylomeg'aly [G. daktylos, finger, -1- megas(megal-),
focystot'omy [djicryocyst + G. tome, a cutting.] large.] Abnormal size of one or more of the fin-
.cision of the lacrymal sac. gers; megalodactylism, macrodactylism.
yohelco'sis [G. dakryon, tear, + helkosis, ulcera- dactylos'copy [G. daktylos, finger, -)- skopeo, I
5n.] Ulceration of the lacrymal sac or duct. examine.] An examination of the mark ngs in
Srohemorrhea, daciyohaemorrhoea (dak"rI-o- prints made from the finger tips ; employed as a
im-6-re'ah) [G. dakryon, tear, + haima, blood, method of personal identification. See Galton's*
rhoia, flow.] The shedding of bloody tears. system,
yolith [G. dakryon, tear, + lithos, stone.] Lac- dac'tylospasm. Spasmodic contraction of the
mal calculus, tear-stone, a concretion in the fingers.

;rymal or nasal duct. dactylosymphysis [G. dak-

(dak-ti-lo-sim'fi-sis)
^olithiasis (dak"ri[-o-ll-thi'a-sis). The forma- tylos, symphysis, a, growing to-
finger, -|-

m and presence of a concretion in the lacrymal gether.] Webbing of the fingers; adhesion,
nasal duct. congenital or acquired, of two or more fingers;
yoma (dak-rii-o'mah). A cyst formed by the dactylion, syndactyly.
cumulation of tears in an obstructed lacrymal dac^ylus (dak'tJ-lus) [G. daktylos, finger.] A
ict.
-tnger or a toe; specifically a toe, as distin^
yon (dak'ri-on) [G. a tear.] The pomt of guished from digitus, a finger.

17
D^MONOMANIA 258 DARTOS

dsmonoma'nia. Deinonomania, an insane belief Da'na's opera'tion [Charles Loomis Dana, New York
that one is possessed of devils. neurologist, *i852.] Resection of the posterior
dasmonop'athy. Demonopathy, demonomania. spinal nerve roots for neuralgia, athetosis, and
daemonopho'bia. Demonophobia. spastic paralysis.
Daf'fy's elix'ir [Thomas Daffy, English clergyman, Dance's sign [Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance,
*i68o.] Tinctura sennas composita. French physician, 1797-1832.] A
slight retrac-

DJ\..H. Abbreviation for disordered action of the tion in the neighborhood of the right iliac fossa
heart. in some cases of intussusception.
dai'sy. The quartan malarial parasite its m dan'cing disease', dan'cing ma'nia. Epidemic
segmented or mature phase. chorea, d. spasm, saltatory spasm.*

Da'kin's fluid or solu'tion [Henry Drysdale Dakin, dandelion (dan'de-li-on) [Fr. dent de lion, lion's
New York biological chemist, contemporary.] tooth.] Taraxacum.
Crystallized washing soda, 400 grams (or dry The presence of white scales in the hair of
dan'druff .
sodium carbonate, 140 grams) is dissolved in 10 the scalp, due to the ordinary branny exfoliation of
liters of tap water; chlorinated lime, 200 grams, the epidermis, or to the greasy sca'es of seborrhea.
is added, and the mixture shaken; after half an dan'dy fe'ver. Dengue.
hour siphon off the clear solution, rejecting the dan'iell [John Frederick DanieU*\ A former unit
sediment of calcium carbonate; filter through a of electromotor force, that furnished by one
plug of cotton and add 40 grams of boric acid, Daniell cell, about i i volt. .

and the solution is ready for use it will keep for

;
Dan'iell cell or el'ement [John Frederick Daniell,
about a week, precipitating slightly. It is a English physicist, 1790-1845.] A galvanic cell
neutral sodium hypochlorite solution, similar to in which a solution of
Labarraque's solution but without the excessive copper sulphate, con-
alkalinity of the latter. taining a copper plate,
Dal'by's earmin'ative. Mistura carminativa (N.F.). is separated by a porous

Dal'rymple's disease' [John Dalrymple, English earthen cylinder from a

oculist, 1804 1852.] Cyclokeratitis. D.'s sign, dilute sulphuric acid
in exophthalmic goiter the margins of the lids solution containing a
are unduly separated, the upper lid being zinc plate.
retracted. Dan'ielssen's disease'
Dal'ton's law [John Dalton, English physicist and [Daniel Cornelius
chemist, 1766-1844.] In a mixture of gases, Danielssen, Norwegian
which do not unite chemically, the pressure is physician, 1815-1894.] Daniell Cell.
equal to the sum of the pressures of all the gases Anesthetic leprosy; also
in the mixture. called Danielssen-Boeck disease.
Dal'ton-Hen'ry law [John Dalton;* Joseph Henry, Danysz bacU'lus (dan'is). An organism similar to
American physicist, 1797-1878.] In dissolving B. typhi 'muriwm, cultures of which have been used
a mixture of gases a fluid will absorb as much of to destroy rats. D. phenom'enon, when toxin is
each gas in the mixture as if that were the only added in divided portions, instead of all at once,
gas dissolved. to antitoxin the neutralizing effect of the latter
Dalto'nian. i. Relating to John Dalton.* j. A is lessened.
color-blind person. Daph'ne [G. daphne, bay-tree.] A genus of Euro-
daltonizm (dawl'ton-izm) [John Dalton* who suf- pean shrubs, from several species of which meze-
feredfromred-blindness.] Color-blindness, espe- reum* is obtained.
cially red-blindness. daph'netin. Dioxycumarin, CgHjO,, derived by
damian'a (N.F.). The dried leaves of Turnera hydrolysis from daphnin.
diffusa or T. aphrodisiaca, a plant of Mexico and daph'nin. A
glucoside, CijHi,0,.2H20, from
of Central America; stimulant, tonic, and laxa- mezereum.
tive, and is reputed to have aphrodisiac proper- d'Arcet's met'al (dar-sa'). An alloy of lead, bis-
ties; dose, 11120-40 (1.3—2.6), or njoo (2.0) of muth, and tin, employed in dentistry.
the fiuidextract. Darier's disease' (dar-e-a') [Ferdinand Jean
dam'mar. A
resin resembling copal, obtained from Darier, French physician, *i856.] Keratosis
various species of Shorea in the East Indies it is ; foUicularis.
used, dissolved in chloroform, for mounting dark-field conden'ser. An apparatus for throwing
microscopical specimens. reflected light through the microscope field, so
Damocrates' confec'tlon (dam-ok'ra-tes) [Servilius that only the object to be examined is illuminated,
Damocrates, Greek physician in Rome, first the field itself being dark.
century, A.D.] A confection containing agaric, Darkshevitch's nu'cleus (dark-sha'vich) [Liverius
cinnamon, frankincense, galbanum, garlic, gen- Darkshevitch (or Darkschewitsch), Russian
tian, ginger, opium, valerian, and some thirty neurologist, *i858.] An accessory bulbar nucleus
other ingredients it formed a part of the original
; of the motor oculi, lying anterior to, and to the
Warburg's* tincture. outer side of, the principal nucleus.
Damoiseau's curve or sign (dam-wah-zo') [Louis darsonvaliza'tion [A. d'Arsonval, French physiolo-
Hyacinthe Celeste Damoiseau, French physician, gist, *i85i.] "The application of a high fre-
1815-1890.] In the case of a moderate pleural quency or d'Arsonval current* in the treat-
effusion the upper border of the area of dullness ment of disease.
corresponds to a parabolic curve with convexity darto'ic, dar'toid [G. dartos, flayed.] Resembling
upward, the highest point of which is in the dartos in its slow, involuntary contractions, d.
axillary line. Us'sue, tissue resembling dartos.
damp. I. Humid, moist.
2. Atmospheric mois- dar'toB [G. skinned or flayed.] Tunica dartos,, a
ture. 3. Foul a mine, air charged with
air in network of non-striated muscular fibers in the
carbonic oxide or with various explosive hydro- lower layers of the skin of the scrotum, d.
carbon vapors, after d., air containing a large muUeb'ris, a thin layer of similar musciilature in
percentage of carbonic oxide, fire d., methane. the skin of the labia majora.
DARTROUS =S9 DEAFNESS

dar'tious [Fr. dartre, herpes.]

Herpetic. *t838.] A wooden soimd which is passed into
Darwin'ian. i. Relating to Charles Robert Dar- the rectum and makes pressure on one of the
win, English scientist, 1809-1882. 2. One who iliac arteries to arrest hemorrhage.
accepts the Darwinian theory. D. ear, an auricle Da'vy's test [Edmund William Davy, Irish physician,
in which the upper border is not rolled over to 1826-1899.] For carbolic acid: to a few drops of
form the helix, but projects upward as a flat, the suspected fluid add double the quantity of a
sharp edge. D. the'oiy, darwinism. D. tu'bercle, mixture of molybdic acid 1, and sulphuric acid
tuberculum auriculae. 15 ; the presence of carbolic acid is indicated by a
darwin'ianism. Darwinism. brownish color changing to purple.
dar'winism. The doctrine of the origin of species, Da'vy's yell'ow flu'id. Liquor chlori compositus.
taught by Charles Darwin and expounded by Dax, France. Simple thermal waters, 88° F. to
him in his various works ; the central assumptions 140° P.; numerous springs. Used by drinking
are evolution by natural selection and survival and bathing in rheumatism, arthritis, rheuma-
of the fittest. toid arthritis, nervous affections, and women's
dasetherapy (das"e-ther'a-pl) [G. dasos, forest, + diseases.
therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by day-blindness. Inability to see clearly in a bright
residence in forests of pine and other balsamic hemeralopia.
light,
trees. day'mare. The occurrence of symptoms of oppres-
date-cavity. See mark. sion, resembling nightmare, while one is awake.
date-fever. Dengue. day-nur'sery. Creche, a place where children may
da'tum-plane. A horizontal plane taken as the start- be cared for during the day while their mothers
ing point for the measurements in craniometry. are at work.
Datu'ia [a Hindu word.] A genus of solanaceous day-sight. A condition in which vision is more
plants, from a species of which stramonium* is distinct in n bright light; night-blindness,
obtained. nyctalopia.
daturine (dat'u-ren). An alkaloid obtained from Day's test [Richard Hance Day, American physician,
stramonium leaves, said to be isomeric with 1813— 1892.] For blood: add to the suspected
atropine and identical with hyoscy amine; anti- fluid, or the washing of a suspected stain, tincture
spasmodic, sedative, anodyne, and mydriatic; of guaiac and afterward hydrogen peroxide the ;

dose gr. rhr-ihi (0-00025-0.0005). presence of blood is indicated by a blue color.

Daubenton's an'gle (do-bahii-tawn') [Louis Jean D.D.S. An abbreviation of Doctor of Dental
Marie Daubenion, French physician, 1716-1799.] Surgery.
An angle formed by the junction, at the opisthion, de- [L. de, from, away.] A prefix carrying often
of lines coming from the basion and from the a privative or negative sense; denoting away
projection in the median plane of the lower border from, cessation: it has sometimes an intensive
of the orbits. D.'s line, the occipital line passing force.
between the opisthion and the nasion. deacidification (de-S-sid-I-fi-ka'shun). The removal
Daucus (daw'kus; . A genus of plants of the order or neutralization of acidity.
Umbellifercs, containing the, carrot, D. carota. deactivation (de-ak-ti-va'shun). The process of
Daufresne's solution (do-fran')- A modified rendering or of becoming inactive.
Dakin's solution: 200 gm. of bleaching powder dead (ded). i. Without life. 2. Numb. d. space,
is dissolved with vigorous shaking in 5 liters a cavity remaining after the closure of a wound,
of water; 100 gm. dry sodium carbonate and 90 which is not obliterated by the pressure of the
gm. sodium bicarbonate are dissolved with dressings.
vigorous shaking in 5 liters of water; then, after dead-house. Mortuary (2).
filtration, the two solutions are mixed. deadly night'shade. Belladonna.
daughter-cell (daw'ter-sel). A cell formed by cyto- deaf (def) [A.S. de&i.] Unable to hear; hearing in-
dieresis or division of a previous cell (mother-cell). distinctly, hard of hearing, d. field, d. point, a

daughter-cyst (daw'ter-sist). Deutoscolex, a sec- point where the acumeter is not heard.
ondary cyst developed within the mother*-cyst deaf-mute (def-muf). One who can neither hear
of an echinococctis. nor talk, one who is deaf and dumb.
Davaine's' bacil'lus [Casimir Joseph Davaine, French deafmu'tism. Absence of the faculty of speech due
physician, 1812— 1882.] Bacillus anthracis. to congenital deafness or that occurring in early
Davai'nea madagascarien'sis. Atapeworm found life.
x. Impairment or total loss of the sense
in man in Madagascar, Mauritius, Guiana, and 1
deafness,
elsewhere; the intermediary host is not known. of sound, apoplec'tiform d., M^nifere's disease.
Da'vidson syr'inge. A rubber tube, armed with an bass d., inability to hear low notes, boil'er-
appropriate nozzle, intersected with a compressi- maker's d., loss of hearing due to fatigue of the
ble bulb, with valves so arranged that compres- auditory nerve by the noise incident to riveting
sion forces the fluid, into which one end of the the inside of a boiler, cer'ebral d., d. due to
tube is inserted, forward to the nozzle-end; used disease of the brain in the auditory area, ceru'-

chiefly for rectal and vaginal injections. minous d., impairment of hearing due to the pres-
Da'vidsohn's sign [Hermann Davidsohn, Prussian ence of a plug of cerumen in the external auditory
physician, *i842.] Absence of illumination of meatus, cor'tlcal d., d. resulting from a lesion of
the pupil when an electric light is placed in the cerebral cortex, labyrin'thine d., loss of hear-
the mouth, indicating the presence of fluid or a ing due to disease of the internal ear. mid'brain d.,
d. due to a lesion in the fillet region of the teg-
solid tumor in the antrum of Highmore on the
darkened side.
mentum, mind d., d. due to inability to inter-

opera'tion [Jacques Daviel,

(dS-ve-el') pret the soimds heard, mu'sic
amusia. nerve
d.,
Daviel's
d., loss of hearing due to disease of the auditory
French oculist, 1696-1762.] Cataract extraction
nerve, ner'vous d., d. due to disease of the
by capsulotomy. D.'s spoon, a small spoon-like
acoustic centers in the cortex, of the auditory
instrument for removing the remains of a cataract
nucleus, or of the nerve terminals in the labyrinth.
after discission.
Davy, English surgeon. progress'ive d., gradually increasing d. due; to
Pa'vy's le'ver [Richard
DEAFNESS 260 DECIDUA

(da-brSd-mon')
debridement [Fr. di-, away, +
otosclerosis, psy'chic d., mind d. sen'sory d.i
d. due to Division of constricting or restrict-
bride, bridle.]
mind d. soul d., mind d. throat d.,

closure of the pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian ing bands or tissues.

tube, tox'ic d., loss of hearing due to injury of the decagram (dek'S-gram) [G. deka, ten.] A weight
auditory nerve by certain drugs and poisons, such of 10 grams, eqliivalent to 154.32349 grains, or,
as quinine and tobacco, word d., loss of the roughly, 2^ drams, apothecaries' weight.
power to understand the spoken word, although decalcifica'tion [L. de-, away, -f- cal«{calc-), lime, +
the sound is heard. facere, to make.] Removal of lime salts or cal-
dealbation (de-al-ba'shun) [L. dealbare, to whiten.] careous matter.
Bleaching. decal'cify. To remove lime salts or calcareous
dealcoholization (de-al"ko-hol-i-za'shun). The re- matter.
decal'cifying. 1. Removing, or capable of remov-
moval of alcohol from a fluid; in histological
technique, the removal of alcohol from a speci- ing, the calcareous matter of the bones or teeth.
men which has been previously immersed in this -!. Coagulation-preventing, noting a physiological
fluid. salt solution to which has been added i per cent,
de'alin. Trade name of an antiseptic dressing of sodium citrate.
powder, composed of sodium perborate, boric decaliter (dek'S-le-ter). A
measure of 10 liters,
acid, magnesium carbonate, zinc oxide, starch, the equivalent of 610. 2 cubic inches, or, roughly,
and talcum. 10 quarts or 2J gallons.
deamidize (de-am'i-diz) To decompose amino-
.
decal'vant [L. decalvare, to make bald.] Removing
acids into ammonia compounds. the hair, making bald.
deaquation (de-a.-kwa'shun) [L. de, from, -f- aqua, dec'ane. A
paraffin, CigHj,, in coal-tar.
water.] The removal* of water from a fluid or decant' [L. de, from, +
canthus, a comer.] To
chemical compound; dehydration. pour off gently the upper clear portion of a fluid,
Dearborn Spring, Vermont. Water resembles that leaving the sediment in the vessel.
of the Maine Poland Springs. Dyspepsia and decanta'tion. Pouring off the clear upper portion
cutaneous diseases. of a fluid.
dearterialization (de-ar-te"r!(-al-i-za'shun) Chang-
.
decap'itate [L. away,
de-, +
caput, head.] To
ing the character of arterial blood to that of remove the head; specifically to cut off the head
venous blood; deoxygenation of the blood. of a fetus to facilitate delivery in cases of irre-
dearticulation (de-ar-tik-u-la'shun). i. Diarthro- mediable dystocia.
sis. 2. Dislocation. 3. Disarticulation. decapita'tion. The removal of a head, specifically
death (deth). The cessation of life, black d., the of the fetal head in dystocia.
plague of the middle ages, local d., death of a decap'itator. An instrument for separating the
part of the body or of a. tissue, necrosis, gan- fetal head.
grene, molec'ular d., caries, somat'ic d., decapsula'tion. Depriving of a capsule or envelop-
death of the entire body, as distinguished from ing membrane, d. of the kid'ney, stripping off
1 ocal death. the capsule of the kidney, employed as a
death-rate (deth'rat). The ratio of deaths to the remedial measure in certain cases of chronic
population of a city or country for a given period, nephritis.
as estimated from the figures for this period for the decarboniza'tion. The process of arterialization of
year, expressed as so many per thousand of the the blood by oxygenation and the removal of
entire population. carbon dioxide in the lungs.
death'-rattle. A gurgling or rattling in the throat decay (de-ka') [L. de, down, -i- cadere, to fall.]
of a moribund person, caused by an accumulation I. The destruction of an organic substance by

of mucus in the respiratory passages. slow combustion, or gradual oxidation. 2.

death'-struggle. Agony, death-throe, the final Putrefaction. 3. To deteriorate, to undergo
moments of life sometimes marked by muscular slow combustion or putrefaction.
twitchings or uneasy tossing about. decentered, decentred (de-sen' turd), i. Noting a
death-throe (deth'thro). Death-struggle. lens so mounted that the visual axis does not pass
death-trance. Apparent death, a condition of through the axis of the lens. 2. Noting a lens
suspended animation, marked by unconscious- thicker at one side than the other.
ness and barely perceptible respiration and heart- decentra'tion [L. de, from, -I- centrum, center.]
action. Removal from the center.
debil'itant. i. Weakening. ,>. A quieting agent decerebra'tion. Removal of the brain.
or one that subdues excitement. decer'ebrize. To move the brain, either in craniot-
debil'ity [L. debilis, weak.] Weakness, loss of omy or in animal experiments.
strength. dechloridation (de-klor-i-da'shun). Method of re-
Debout's pills (dS-boo') [Emile Debout, Belgian ducing the amount of sodiiun chloride in the
physician in Paris, 1811-1865.] Extract of tissues and fluids of the body by abstention from
colchicum and sulphate of quinine, of each gr. the use of salt in the diet.
I J (0.1), powdered digitalis, gr. } (0.05); for dechloiina'tion, Dechloridation.
migraine. dechlorura'tiou [Fr.] Dechloridation.
debouch (dS-boosh') [Fr. bouche, mouth.] To open decidua (de-sid'u-ah) [L. deciduus, falling off
or empty into another part. (qualifying membrana, membrane, understood).]
debouchment (dS-boosh'ment). Opening or empty- The altered mucous membrane of the pregnant
ing into another part. uterus, forming an envelope for the fetus, d.
Debove's disease' (dS-buv') [Maurice Georges Debove, basa'lis [BNA], d. serotina, the part of the
Parisian physician, *i845.] Splenomegaly. D.'s mucous membrane between the blastocyst and
mem'brane, a fine layer between the epithelium the uterine wall, at the place where the placenta
and the basement layer of the mucous membrane will be formed, d. capsula'ris [BNA], d. reflexa,
of the air-passages and intestine. D.'s tube, a large the layer which forms the outer investing
tube for gastric lavage, marked at 45 to 50 cm. envelope of the fetus, d. membra'na, d.
from its eye to indicate when it is in the stomach. capsularis. d. menstrua'lis, the succulent
DECIDUA 261 DECl/SSATIO

mucous membrane of the non-pregnant the ounce. There are no official decoctions' in
uterus at the menstrual period, d. reflex'a the U.S.P. in the B.P. decoctions of aloes, of
;

[L. turned back], d. capsularis. d. seroti'na pomegranate root, and of hematoxylon are official.
[L. late], d. basalis. d. ve'ra [L. true], the mu- d. aca'cise cor'ticis (B.A.), decoction of acacia
cous membrane lining the cavity of the pregnant bark; acacia bark i, water 16; employed in diar-
uterus and not in immediatfe relation with the rhea in dosfe of Si-2 (15.0-60.0), and locally as
ovum. an astringent, d. agrop'yri (B.A.), decoction
decid'ual. Relating to the decidua. of agropyrum, or of triticum; agropyrum i,
deciduitis (de-sid-u-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the water 20; dose 5^-2 (15.0-60.0). d. al'oes
decidua. compos'itum, compound decoction of aloes;-ex-
deciduo'ma. Syncytioma, chorioma." d. mallg- tract of aloes 15, myrrh 11 .3, saffron 11 .3, potas-
num, chorioma malignum. sium carbonate 7.5, extract of licorice 55, com-
deciduosarcoma (de-sid"u-o-sar-ko'mah) . Cho- pound tincture of cardamom 400, water to make
rioma malignum. 1500; stimulant cathartic in doses of (iS-o- 3^i
deciduous (de-sid'u-us) [L. decidere, to fall down.] 30.0). d. cissam'peli (B.A.), decoction of
That which eventually falls off, not permanent. cissampelos; i part in 8 of water; dose, 3^2
d. denti'tion, the first, temporary, dentition, d. (150-300). d. grana'ti radi'cis (Br.), decoc-
mem'brane, decidua. d. plant, one the leaves, tion of pomegranate root, strength of 4 ounces to
petals, etc., of which fall oflE the same season or the pint; dose 5i-i (15.0-30.0). d. haematoz'-
year in which they are formed, d. teeth, milk yli (Br.), decoction of hematoxylon, logwood 50,
teeth, teeth of the first dentition. cinnamon bark 8, water 1000; dose, 5 J-2 (15.0-
decigram (des'I-gram) [L. decimus, tenth.] A 60.0). d. hygroph'ilae (B.A.), decoction of hy-
weight of yV gram, the equivalent of 1 54 grains.
.
grophila; i part of the herb in 10 parts of water;
deciliter (des'i-le-ter) [L. decimus, tenth.] A dose 5 1-2 (30.0-60.0). d. ispaghu'ls (B.A.),
measure of j'j liter, equivalent to 6.1028 cubic decoction of ispaghula; dose, 5 J— 2 f 15. 0-60.0).
inches or 3.38 American, 3.52 English fluid- d. sappan' (B.A.), decoction of sappan; sappan
oimces. I ounce, cinnamon 30 grains, water 20 fluid-
decimeter '(des'I-me-ter) [L. decimus, tenth.] A ounces; dose SJ— 2 (15.0-60.0).
linear measure of -^ meter, equivalent to 3.937 decompensa'tion. A failure of compensation in
inches. heart disease.
decinor'mal [L. decimus, tenth, +
twrmal.] One-tenth decompres'sion. The removal of presstu'e. cer'e-
of normal, noting a solution of this strength ab- ; bral d., removal of a small segment of the skull,
breviation li see solution.
; usually in the subtemporal region, with incision
decip'ara [L. decern, ten, + parere, to bear.] A of the dura, to relieve intracranial pressure, d.
woman who has borne ten children; abbreviation, disease', d. in'juiy, caisson disease, d. opera'-
X-para. tion, cerebral d.
decitellization (de-si"tel-i-za'shun) [L. de, from, + deconges'tiye. Having the property of reducing
citellus,ground squirrel.] The extermination congestion.
of ground squirrels, which are susceptible to decortica'tion [L. de, from, -f- cortex(cortic-), rind,
plague; a term used by those engaged in anti- bark.] Removal of the cortex, or external layer
plague work. beneath the capsule from any organ or structure.
deck-plate. The upper thin portion of the medul- d. of the kid'ney, decapsulation* of the kidney.
lary tube in the embryo a layer of cells outside
; d. of the lung, removal of the pleura, both pul-
the epiblast in the embryo. monary and costal, for the cure of chronic
declination (dek-ll-na'shun). Deflection of the ver- empyema, pul'monary d.. Fowler's operation,
tical meridian of the eye to one or the other side in pleurectomy.
consequence of rotation of the eyeball in its decortiza'tion. Decortication.
anteroposterior axis; negative d. is when the deciepita'tion [L. decrepitare, to crackle.] The
upper pole of the vertical diameter approaches snapping of certain salts when heated.
the nose, positive d. is when it turns toward the decu'bital. Relating to a bedsore.
temple. decubitus (de-ku'bi-tus) [L. decumiere, to lie
dec'linator. A form of retractor by means
which of down.] The position of the patient in bed,
I.

certain parts are kept out of the way during an as dorsal d., lateral d. 2. A
bedsore, acute' d.,
operation. a severe form of bedsore, occurring in hemiplegia,
decline (de-klin').• A chronic progressive dis- of purely neurotrophic origin. Andral's d., see
ease. 2. stage of subsidence of the symp-
The Andral.
toms of an acute disease. 3. The period of decurrent (de-kur'ent) [L. decurrere, to run down.]
catabolism or involution, coincident with be- I. Extending downward; centrifugal, is. In

ginning old age. botany, noting a leaf prolonged along the stem
declive (de-kliV) [L. declivis, sloping downward.] below its point of insertion, as in the thistle.
[BNA.] Declivis, clivus monticuli, the posterior decur'sus fibra'rum cerebra'lium [BNA]. The
sloping portion of the monticulus of the vermis running down of the cerebral fibers; noting the
of the cerebellum. course of certain tracts in the brain.
declivis (de-kli'vis). Declive. decur'tate [L. decurtare, to cut short.] Shortened,
decoction (de-kok'shun) [see decoctam.] 1. The cut' short.

process of boiling. 2. Decoctum. Zim'mer- decuss'ate [L. decussare, to mark with an X.] 1.
mann's d., see Zimmermann. Zitt'mann's d., a d. To cross. Crossed like the arms of an X.
;£. 3.

of sarsaparilla, see Zittmann.

In botany, noting opposite pairs of leaves, pro-
jecting from the stem altema'.ely at right angles
decoc'tum, gen. decoc'ti, pi. decoc'ta [L. boiled down,
from de, down, +
coquere, to boil.] Decoction; with the contiguous pairs.
the pharmacopeial name for preparations made
decussatio (de-kfi-sa'shyo) [L.] Decussation, d.
bra'chii conjuncti'vi [BNA], a crossing of the
by boiling crude vegetable drugs, and then strain-
fiber tracts of the tegmenta, originating from
ing, in the proportion of 50 gm. of the drug
to
1000 c.c. of water, approximately 12^ drams to the brachia conjunctiva, behind the red nucleus.
DECUSSATIO 262 DEFORMITY

d. fontina'lis, fountain decussation, a mass of defen'sive [L. defendere, to ward off.] Defending,
fibers between the red nuclei, arising from the preserving from injury, d. pro'tein, an antibody.
cells of the nates or colliculus superior of the deferens [L.] Ductus (or vas) deferens.
corpora quadrigemina and the central gray deferent [L. deferre, to carry down.] Efferent,
layer on either side; the fibers cross in the carrying away. d. canal', d. duct, vas deferens,
middle line and join the medial longitudinal ductus* deferens.
fasciculus on the opposite side. d. lemnisco'- deferentectomy (def'e-ren-tek'to-ml) [L. (ductus)
rum [BNA], decussation of the lemniscus or deferens + G. ektome, excision.] Exsection of
fillet, sensory decussation of the medulla oblon- the ductus deferens, vasectomy.
deferential (def-e-ren'shal). Relating to the ductus
gata, an intercrossing of fibers in the median
plane of the medulla or the dorsal aspect of the (or vas) deferens.
pyramids, immediately above the level of the deferentitis (de-fer-en-tl'(te')tis). Inflammation of
decussation of the pyramids, d. nervo'rum the ductus (vas) deferens.
trochlear'ium [BNA], the crossing of the fibers of deferred distribu'tion (de-f urd') In life-insurance,
.

the two trochlear nerves on the upper surface of a plan whereby the first apportionment of profits
the velum meduUare anterius. d. pyram'idum on the policy, the first dividend, is made at the
[BNA], decussation of the pyramids, the inter- —
end of a definite nimiber of years five, ten, or
crossing of the bundles of the crossed pyramidal more.
tracts at the lower part of the medulla oblon- deferred shoots (de-f urd'). Shoots produced from
gata, d. tegmento'rum [BNA], decussation of buds which have remained dormant through one
the tegmenta, a crossing of the fiber tracts of the or more seasons.
tegmenta lying nearest the median line in the deferves'cence [L. defervescere, to cease boiling.]
region below the aqueduct where the tegmenta Falling of an elevated temperature, abatement of
are united. fever.
decussa'tion [L. decussatio.] i. A crossing,espe- defibrination (de-fi-brin-a'shun). Removal of fibrin
cially of two nerve tracts; chiasm. 2. The point from the blood after it has been drawn, in order
. of crossing of two tracts, d. of the fil'let, decus- to prevent clotting.
satio lemniscorum. foun'tain d., decussatio deficiency (de-fish'en-si) [L. deficere, to fail.] A
fontinalis. mo'tor d., decussatio pyramidum. lacking, something wanting, d. disease', in-
op'tic d., optic chiasm, pin'iform d., decussatio sufficiency disease, one due to defective meta-
lemniscorum. Jyram'idal d., decussatio pyram- bolism caused by a lack of vitamines or other
idum. sen'sory d., decussatio lemniscorum. essential constituents in the diet. d. symp'tom,
supe'rior pyram'idal d., decussatio lemniscorum. a symptom expressive of a reduced amount or
dedentition (de-den-tish'un). Loss of teeth, espe- absence of the secretion of some endocrine gland.
cially the falling out of the teeth consequent upon definite (def'J-nit). Noting a cymose inflorescence in
senile atrophy of the alveoli. which the oldest flower is at the apex of the axis
dedolation (de-do-la'shun) [L. dedolare, to hew in the center of a constant number of stamens.
away.] A slicing wound made by a sharp instru- definition .(def-I-nish'un) [L. definire, to limit.] In
ment grazing the sijrface. optics, the power of a lens to give a distinct
Deehan's ty'phoid reac'tion. A cutaneous test of image.
typhoid fever similar to that of v. Pirquet in deflec'tion [L. deflectere, to bend aside.] i A moving
.

tuberculosis; the strength of the reagent is 4 to one side. 2. The bending of the light rays to-
billion typhoid bacilli in i c.c. of physiological ward an opaque body. d. of coxn'plement, devia-
salt solution. tion of complement, fixation of complement union ;

Deen's test (dan) [Izaak Abrahamszoon van Deen, of complement with unattached interbodies or
Dutch physiologist, 1804-1869.] Guaiac test, amboceptors, leaving without complement those
Alm^n's* blood test. amboceptors which are attached to the bacteria,
deep [A.S. deSp.] Beneath the surface. so that the bacteria are still active and capable of
Deep Rock Spring, N. Y. Saline waters. Rheiuna- elaborating toxins see also Bordet* phenomenon,
;

tism, renal and cystic troubles. Bordet*-Gengou test, Neisser*-'Wechsberg phe-

deer -fly mal'ady. An infectious disease observed nomenon, Wassermann 's* test.
in Utah, apparently transmitted through the deflora'tion. Deflowering, depriving of virginity.
bite of an infected deer-fly; it is marked by deflorescence (de-flor-es'ens) [L. deflorescere, to fade,
ulceration of the part bitten and by severe con- wither.] Disappearance of the eruption in scarlet
stitutional symptoms which sometimes lead to a fever or other of the exanthemata.
fatal issue; deer-fly fever, Pahvant Valley plague. deflu'vium [L. defluere, to flow down.] A
falling of
Deetjen's bod'ies (dat'yen) [Hermann Deetjen, Ger- the hair.
man physician, 1863-1915.] Blood platelets.* defluzio (de-fluk'shyo) [L.] Defiuxion. d. capil-
defatiga'tion [L. defaiigare, to tire out.] Weariness, lo'rum, a falling out of the hair of the head. d.
exhaustion, extreme fatigue. cilio'rum, a falling out of the eyelashes.
defecalgesiophobia (def"e-kal-je-sJ-o-fo'bl-ah) [L. deflux'ion [L. defluere, to flow down.] i. fallingA
defecalio -\- G. algesis, pain, + phobos, fear.] A down or out, as of the hair. 2. A
flowing down
dread of defecation on account of the pain or discharge of fluid. 3. Congestion, flow of
attending the act. blood to a part.
defecation (def'e-ka'shun) [L. defcecare, to remove deforma'tlon [L. de-, away, forma, form.] i. A
+
the dregs, purify.] The discharge of excrement change of form from the normal. 2. A
deformity.
from the rectum. deform'ing. Causing a deviation from the normal
defective (de-fek'tiv) [L. defectivus; deficere, to fail, form.
to lack.] 1. Imperfect, z. A
person (a) lacking deform'ity. A deviation from the normal shape or
in some physical quality, as one who is blind or a size, resulting in disfigurement, gun'stock d.,
deaf-mute or (b) a mental or moral degenerate.
; a d. resiilting from condylar fracture at the elbow
defemination (de-fem-i-na'shun) [L. de-, away, in which the axis of the extended forearm is not
femina, woman.] A weakening or loss of feminine continuous with that of the arm but is displaced to
characteristics. one side.
 .

SFUNCTIONALi: 263 DEHUMANIZATION

imctionalization (de-fung"shun-al-i-za'shiin) and more inspissated than in mucoid d.. in which
^oss of function; causing a loss of function, thin and jelly-like, mu'coid d., a regressive
it is
urfuration (de-fur"fu-ra'shun) [L. furfur, bran.) change in the mucus-secreting cells, or a patho-
Branny desquamation, the shedding of the epi- logical exaggeration of normal mucus-secretion,
lermis in the form of fine scales. in which the cells undergo a change similar to
[anglionate (de-gang'gll-on-at). To deprive of cloudy swelling with deposits of mucoid material
ganglia. in and between the cells; also a conversion of
[en'eracy [L. de, from, + genus(gener-), race.] any of the connective tissues into a gelatinous or
V condition marked by deterioration of the mucoid substance, myelin'ic d., a deposit of
nental or physical processes. lecithin and myelinic bodies in the cells, in phos-
generate (de-jen'ur-at) [L. degenerare.] i. To phorus poisoning and autolysis; deposit
this
pass to a lower level of mental or physical quali- precedes the appearance of fatty globules and is
;iesj to fall below the normal type or state. 1. accompanied by disintegration of the nucleus
Below the normal that has fallen to a lower level.
; and a discharge of nuclear chromatin into the
J.
A person whose moral characteristics are cytoplasm, myxo'matous d., a, form of mucoid
Delow those of his race and generation, infe'rior degeneration occurring in myxedema and in vari-
1., one who has the characteristics of degeneracy ous inflammatory conditions, as in the mucous
lombined with a weak mentality, supe'rior d., polypi growing from mucous membranes. Kissl
me who has the characteristics of degeneracy d., parenchy'matous d., cloudy swelling.
see Nissl.
jombined with high mental gifts or even pol'3rpoid d., the formation of numerous rather
jenius. large thick papilliform projections from the
[eneratio (de-jen-er-a'shyo) [L. de, from, + mucous membrane, reac'tion of d., the electri-
lenus, race.] Degeneration, d. mi'cans [L. cal r. in a degenerated nerve and the muscles
nicare, to glitter], the formation of glistening supplied by it; it consists In absence of response
lyaline masses from degenerating glia cells. to both galvanic and faradic stimulus in the
jenera'tion [L. de, from, + genus, race.] i. Dete- nerve and to faradic stimulus in the muscles.
[ioration, sinking from a higher to a lower level red d., a necrotic change not infrequently occur-
3f type. ^. A "worsening of physical or mental ring in uterine fibroids during pregnancy, marked
qualities. 3. A retrogressive pathological change by softening and a deep red or mahogany
m cells or tissues in consequence of which the coloration, sec'ondaiy d., degeneration of a
functioning power is lost and the living substance nerve, affecting always the end which is cut off
becomes converted into an inert mass, ad'ipose from its trophic center, se'nile d., the process
1., fatty d. adiposogen'ital d., dystrophia adi- of involution occurring in old age. vac'uo-
posogenitalis. albu'minoid d., cloudy* swelling. lar d., a form of d. resembling the hydropic, but
ilbu'minous d., amyloid d. am'yloid d., a retro- in lesser degree, in which there is a formation of
gressive conversion of certain of the connective- vacuoles in the cells. "Walle'rian d., secondary
tissue elements into a translucent, homogeneous d. following division, compression, or other injury
substance, called by Kekul^ lardacein. angio- of a nerve, wax'y d., amyloid d. Zen'ker's d.,
lith'ic d., calcareous degeneration of the walls waxy or amyloid d- in muscular tissue, occurring
Df the blood-vessels, ascend'ing d., centripetal in long continued fevers and also in anemia and
Wallerian d. athero'matous d., atheroma, ba'- various toxic conditions.
sony d., amyloid d. basophil'ic d., basophilia (2). degen'erative. Relating to degeneration.
calca'reous d., calcification, ca'seous d., casea- deglutition (dS-glu-tish'un) [L. deglutire, to swallow.]
bion. chee'sy d., caseation, col'loid d., a Swallowing.
iegeneration similar to mucoid, in which the deglu'titive.Relating to deglutition.
material isinspissated and has a concentric degrease (de-gres'). To remove fatty matter or
structure, descend'ing d., centrifugal Wallerian grease.
i. earth'y d., calcification, fat'ty d., a retrogress- degree' [Fr. degri; L. gradus, a step.] i. rank A
ive change associated with the appearance of conferred by colleges and universities in recogni-
p-anules or globules of fat in the cytoplasm, tion of the completion of a certain course of
Eormed therein and not deposited from without. study or as a mark of honor. The most
S'brinous d., a deposit of fibrin within cells common medical degrees are Chirurgiae Magis-
becoming necrotic, fi'broid d., fi'brous d., ter (CM.), master in surgery; Medicinae Bach-
sclerosis, displacement of the normal tissues by elor (M.B.), bachelor of medicine; Medicinae
Ibrous tissue, glass'y d., hyaline d. gran'ular Doctor (M.D.), doctor of medicine, z. One of
i., basophilia (2). gray d., d. of the white sub- the divisions on the scale of a thermometer,
stance of the spinal cord the fibers of which lose barometer, etc.

iheir medullary sheath and become darker in degusta'tion [L. degusiare, to taste.] The sense of
:olor. hy aline d., a retrogressive change in the taste tasting.
;

supporting connective-tissue fibrils of the coats dehaematize, dehematize (de-hem'S-tiz). To de-

jf the arterioles, especially the inner, marked by
prive of blood, either locally by pressure or gen-
swelling and fusion of the fibrils, forming a clear, erally by bleeding.
xanslucent, structureless mass; it resembles, but Dehio's test (da'he-o) [Karl Konstantinovitch
Dehio, Russian physician, *i85i.] If an injec-
s distinct from, amyloid degeneration, the stalli-
tion of atropine relieves bradycardia the condi-
ng reactions of the two being different, hy'aloid
hydrop'ic d., a condition in which tion is due to irritation of the vagus; if it does not,
1., amyloid d.

;he cell absorbs water to such a degree that it

the condition is due to an affection of the cardiac
musculature.
Dursts; this change occurring in a number of
lells, results in the formation of a vesicle,
larda'- dehis'cence [L. dehiscere, to gape.] A
splitting or
mu'cinoid d., a term sug- bursting open.
;eous d., amyloid d.
dehiscent (de-his'ent). In botany, marked by de-
gested by Greenfield and Lyon to include both
hiscence.
nucoid and colloid d., the essential cellular
dehumaniza'tion. Loss of human characteristics;
^hanges in both being similar, the only difference
firmer brutalization.
Deing that in colloid d., the substance is
 DEHYDRATE 264 DELIVER

dehy'drate [L. de, from, + G. kydorQiydr-), water.] delinquent (de-ling'kwent) [L. delinquere, to fail.]
1. To extract water from. 2. To lose water. One who has a tendency to the commission of
dehydra'tion. ji. Depriving of water. ^, Losing criminal acts.
water. deliquesce (del-i-kwes') [L. deliquescere, to melt
dehy'drogenize. To remove hydrogen from a com- away.] To become damp or liquid by absorb-
pound. ing water from the atmosphere, said of certain
dehyp'notize. To bring out of the hypnotic salts.
state. deliquescence (del"I-kwes'ens). The process of
deiterospinal tract (di'ter-o-spi"naI) Fibers leading
. deliquescing.
from Deiters' nucleus into the spinal cord. deliques'cent. Noting a solid substance which
Delters' cells (di'ters) [Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters, readily absorbs water from the air, becoming
German anatomist, 1834--1863.] i. Supporting damp or liquid.
cells in the organ of Corti, attached to the basilar deliqmum (de-ll'kwi-um) [L. de, down, -f- liquere,
membrane and receiving between their free ex- to melt.] I. Deliquescence. 2. [L. deliquere, to
tremities the hair-cells, or cells of Corti of the fail.] A
faint, syncope, d. an'imi, sjmcope.
outer row. :«. Astrocytes or spider-cells of the delir'iont. i. Causing delirium. 2. A
toxic agent
neuroglia. 3. Nerve-cells of the first type, the which produces delirium. 3. One who is delir-
netiraxons of which become the axis-cylinders of ious.
nerve-fibers. D.'s nu'cleup, the lateral vestibular delirifacient (de-lir-I-fa'shent) [L. delirium + facere,
nucleus, lying to the mesial side of the resti- to make.] i. Causing delirium, deliriant. z. A
form body in the pons. D.'s phalan'ges, D.'s deliriant (2).
cells (i). D.'s proc'ess, the axis-cylinder process delir'ious. In a state of delirium
or neuraxon.* D.'s ter'minal frames, plate-like delir'ium [L. delirare, to be crazy.] A condition of
structures in the organ of Corti uniting D.'s extreme mental, and usually motor, excitement,
cells (i) with Hensen's cells. marked by a rapid succession of confused and
dejecta (de-jek'tah) [L. dejicere, to throw down.] imconnected ideas, often with illusions and
The matter passed from the bowel, feces; excre- hallucinations, ac'tive d., d. accompanied, by
mentitious material in general. motor excitement, acute' d., grave d. anz'ious
dejection (de-jeVshun). i. Melancholy, mental d., a condition of mild psychomotor disturbance
depression. 2. Matter passed from the bowels. in which the prominent note is a sort of incoherent
3. The passage of matter from the bowels, defeca- apprehension or anxiety, collapse' d., one caused
tion. by extreme physical depression induced by a
Dejerine's disease' (da-zha-ren') [Joseph Jules Di- shock, profuse hemorrhage, exhausting labor, etc.
jirine, Parisian neurologist, 1849-1917.] Inter- d. alcohoricum, d. tremens, d. ambitio'sum, d.
stitial neuritis of infancy, causing muscular grandiostun. d. cord'is, extreme irregularity in
atrophy. D.'s periph'eral neurota'bes, multiple rhythm and force of the heart's action, d.
neuritis with ataxia. grandio'sum, d. of grandeur, d. in which the sub-
Dijerine-Landouzy type. See Landouzy. ject is filled with ideas of his own importance,
D^jSrine-Lichtheim phenomenon (da-zha-ren'- wealth, or power, d. mus'sitans [L. mussitare, to
likht'him fe-nom'e-non) [Joseph Jules Dijerine; mutter], muttering d., a form common in low
Ludwig Lichtheim, German physician, *i84S.] fevers in which the subject is unconscious, but
In subcortical motor aphasia, the patient can constantly mutters incoherently, d. of persecu'-
indicate with his fingers the number of syllables tion, d. in which the subject has the delusion
in a word which, however, he cannot speak. that he is being persecuted, d. si'ne delir'io
delacerate (de-las'er-at). To tear, to lacerate [delirium without delirium], an abortive form of
badly. delirium tremens, in which all the symptoms of
delacryma'tion. Lacrymation, excessive secretion tremor, precordial distress, dyspepsia, anxiety,
of tears. restlessness, and sweating are present, but in
delacta'tion. Weaning. which mental confusion and hallucinations do not
Del'afield's hematox'ylin [Francis Delafield, New supervene, d. tre'mens [L. tremere, to dread], a
York physician and pathologist, 1841-1915.] A form of acute insanity due to alcoholic poisoning,
stain for histological specimens; hematoxylin 4, marked by sweating, tremor, atonic dyspepsia,
ammonia-alum 52, absolute alcohol 25, methyl restlessness, anxiety, precordial distress, mental
alcohol 100, glycerin 100, water 400. confusion, and hallucinations, d. vesan'icum [L.
delamina'tion. A
division into laminas, specifically vesania, insanity], insanity, grave d., acute d., a
the division of the blastoderm into two layers, very pronounced and severe form of d. usually pre-
epiblast and hypoblast. saging the death of the patient, low d., a form in
Delbet's sign (del-ba'). In a case of aneurysm of a which there is little excitement, either mental or
main artery, if the nutrition of the part below is motor, the ideas being confused and inco-
well maintained despite the fact that the pulse herent, but following each other slowly, se'-
has disappeared, the collateral circulation is nile d., the mental feebleness of extreme old
efficient. age; dotage, tox'ic d., d. caused by the action
deleterious (de-le-te'ri-us) [G. delsterios.} In- of some poison, traumat'ic d., d. following a
jurious, noxious, harmful. severe injury.
Del'hi boil, Del'hi sore [Delhi, a city in the Punjaub, delitescence (del-I-tes'ens) [L. delitescere, to lie
British India.] Oriental boil.i" hidden.] The sudden subsidence of symp-
i.
del'icate [L. delicatus, soft, luxurious.] Of feeble toms; disappearance of a tumor or a cutaneous
resisting power. lesion. 2. Period of incubation of an infectious
deligation (de-li-ga'shun) [L. deligare, to tie to- disease.
gether.] Ligation, the application of a ligature. deliv'er [L. deliberare, to set free.] i. To assist a
[L. delimiiare, to mark the limits.]
deliiiiita'tion woman in childbirth. 2. To extract from an en-
Putting bounds or limits, marking off preventing
; closed place, as the child from the womb, a tumor
the spread of a morbid process in the body or of from its capsule or surroundings, the crystalline
a disease in the community. lens in case of cataract, etc.
;livery 265 DEMINERALIZATION

v'ery. i. The passage of the child through the false premise, unsys'tematized d., one of a group
enital canal into the external world. 2. The of disconnected illogical delusions.
nal removal of the lens in cataract extraction. delu'sional. Relating to a delusion or delusions.
ost-mor'tem d., the extraction of the fetus after demagnetize (de-mag'ne-tiz). i. Dehypnotize, de-
he death of its mother, premature' d., the ex- inesmerize. ^. To take away or destroy mag-
lulsion of a viable fetus, i.e. after the beginning netism.
f the seventh month. demarca'tion [L. de, off, +
marcare, to mark.] A
e (del'eh). The central, lighter colored portion setting of limits, determining a boundary, line
£ the erythrocyte in a stained blood specimen. of d., a zone of inflammatory reaction separating
Lomor'phous [G. delos, manifest, + morphe, a gangrenous area from healthy tissue, sur'face
arm.] Of definite form and shape. d.,the line between paralyzed and functioning
ore's meth'od (de-lor') [Xavier Delore, French muscle.
ihysician, *i828.] The treatment of knock-knee Demarquay's symp'tom (de-mar-ka') [Jean Nicolas
ly forcible manual correction and subsequent Z^emar^May, French surgeon, 1811— 1875.] Absence
leasing in a plaster-of-Paris splint. of elevation of the larynx during deglutition, said
ouse (de-lows') To free from infestation with
. to indicate syphilitic induration of the trachea.
ice, a term used especially in relation to the dement', i. Suffering from dementia, demented.
)rophylaxis of typhus fever, trench fever, and 2. One who is demented.
ither supposed louse-borne diseases. dement'ed. Dement, suffering from dementia or
pecb's ab'scess (del-pesh') [Jacques Mathieu loss of reason.
5elpech, French surgeon, 1777— 1832.] An dementia (de-men'shyah) [L. de- priv. + mens,
ibscess appearing suddenly with but slight in- mind.] Insanity characterized by more or less
lammatory symptoms, accompanied by marked complete abolition of the mental faculties of
idynamia. reason, memory, etc. acute' d., primary d.
phinine (del'fin-en) An alkaloid, C22Ha5N06,
. appercep'tive d., Weygandt's term for the end
rem staphisagria, occurring in the form of white process of dementia precox accompanied by ex-
loluble crystals; employed in neuralgia, pal- treme mental weakness, cataton'ic d., cata-
>itation, and chronic rheumatism in doses of tonia (2). chron'ic d., (1) secondary d.; (2) d.
f •
^"tn^V (0.001—0.002), and externally, in i or 2 of unfavorable prognosis, cu'iable d., amentia,
jer cent, ointment, in pediculosis. acute d. d. paralyt'ica, paralytic dementia,
[phin'ium [G. delphinioH, larkspur.] A
genus of general paresis.* d. paranoi'des, a disease be-
plants of the order Ranunculacece. D. aja'cis, a ginning in early life with paranoid symptoms
species which, with the following, is a source of and terminating in dementia, d. prae'cox [L.
lelphinium of the N.P. D. consol'ida, delphin- precocious], a disease characterized by progres-
um (N.F.), larkspur, the seeds of which have sive mental weakness tending to dementia, oc-
properties similar to those of stavesacre; it has curring in adolescents or young adults, hebe-
ilso been used in dropsy and asthma in doses of phren'ic d., the simple and more quiet form of
10! 10 (0-6) of the N.F. tincture. D. staphlsa'- d. praecox, beginning with marked irritability
jria, stavesacre, staphisagria.* and psychasthenia, followed by a stage of mod-
.'ta [name of the Greek letter A, corresponding erate maniacal excitement, which is succeeded
to the Roman D.] In anatomy, a triangular by complete dementia, pri'mary d., amentia, a,

iurface. d. for'nicis, lyra, commissura* hippo- form of acute d. occurring usually in the young,
;ampi. d. mesoscap'ulse, the flat triangular sur- and often of favorable prognosis, sec'ondary
face at the vertebral extremity of the spine of the d., chronic d. following mania or melancholia, of
icapula over which glides the tendon iox the unfavorable prognosis, se'nile d., progressive
ower fibers of the trapezius muscle, d. rays, mental deterioration with loss of memory, espe-
secondary electrons of slow speed which are cially for recent events, and occasional inter-
produced when alpha particles strike matter, current attacks of excitement, occurring in the
whether solid, liquid, or gaseous. Galt'on's d., aged, ter'minal d., secondary d. tox'ic d., d.
see Gallon. occurring in the victim of a drug habit.
Itoid (del'toyd) [G. delta, the letter A, eidos, + dement'ing. Tending to dementia.
resemblance.] Resembling the Greek letter demi- [Fr. L. dimidius, half.] Semi-, hemi-, a
;

\; relating to the deltoid muscle, d. em'inence, d. prefix denoting half.

mpres'sion, tuberositas deltoidea. d. lig'ament, demigauntlet (dem"I-gawnt'let). A glove-like band-
igamentum deltoideum. d. muscle, musculus age for the fingers and hand.
demilune (dem'J-lun) [Fr. half -moon.] i. The
idtoideus. d. spine, d. tu'bercle, a tubercle
1; the inner end of the anterior border of the malarial crescent. 2. A crescentic cell; see
clavicle, at the beginning of the d. impression. Adamkiewicz, Heidenhain, and Gianuzzi. d.
toideus (del-to-id'e-us). The deltoid muscle, bod'y, a circular body of extreme transparency
nusculus* deltoideus. except for a crescentic punctate substance on one
lunat'ico inquiren'do [L. as to inquiring regarding edge which contains hemoglobin; the body is much
Ilunatic] The title of a writ appointing a com- larger than a red cell but is thought possibly to be
nission to examine a person as to his mental a degenerated red cell swollen by imbibition; it
itate. has been found in malaria and in convalescence
usion (de-lu'zhun) [L. deludere, to deceive.] An from typhoid fever; the transparent portion is
mmovable illusion or hallucination, a false be- called the glass-body.
ief or wrong judgment, d. of nega'tion, a de- dem"imonstros'ity. A monstrosity in which the
pressive delusion in which the victim imagines the
malformation is not so extreme as to render life
impossible.
iTorld and all that relates to it have ceased to
sxist. depres'sive d., one connected with sad
demineralization (de-min"er-al-i-za'shun). A loss
prdistressing ideas ezpan'sive d., one connected or decrease of the animal constituents of the body
per'secutory d., a false or individual tissues, coeffic'ient of d., the propor-
with ideas of grandeur,
sys'tema- tion of mineral compounds to the total dry residue
lotion that one is being persecuted,
of the urine; the average is 30 per cent.
ized d., a d. which is logically founded upon a
 .

DEMIPENNIFORM 266 DENS

dem'^ipenn^ifonn. Demipectinate, penniform on dendroid (den'droyd) [G. dendron, tree, + eidos,

one side only, noting certain muscles with iibers appearance.] Tree-like, dendriform, arbores-
running at an acute angle from one side of a cent, branching.
tendon. den'dron [G. a tree.] Dendrite, one of the branch-
demise (de-miz') [Fr. dimise; L. dimiitere, to resign.] ing processes of a neuron.
Death. Denecke's spiril'lum (den'6-keh) [Denecke, German
Demme's bacil'lus (dem'meh). A gram-positive bacteriologist, contemporary.] See under spiril-
with rounded ends, producing in guinea-
bacillus lirai.

pigs an eruption resembling erythema nodosum. dengue (den'ga) [Sp. a corruption of "dandy" fever.]
Demodex folliculortun (de'mo-deks fol-lik'u-lo-rum) Breakbone fever, dandy fever; a disease of trop-
[G. demos, tallow, + dex, a wood-worm.] A ical and subtropical regions, occurring epidem-
minute parasite inhabiting the hair-follicles and ically, and marked by intense aching in the head,
ducts of the sebaceous glands; it seldom causes muscles, and joints, and fever; there are usually
any irritation. two paroxysms, separated by a quiescent inter-
demog'raphy [G. demos, the people, + graphs, I val, in the first of which there is an erythematous
write.] The science of statistics relating to man rash, in the second a roseola; the disease is
in general —
vital statistics, comparative statistics thought to be due to a protozoan parasite trans-
of race, occupation, habitation, etc., in their mitted by a mosquito of the genus Culex.
relation to sickness and health, and to human denida'tion [L. de, from, + nidus, nest.] The
progress. exfoliation of the superficial portion of the
demoniac (de-mo'ni-ak) [G. daimon, a spirit.] mucous membrane of the uterus; stripping ofE
I. Frenzied. 2. One said to be possessed of of the menstrual decidua.
evil spirits, a lunatic. Denigis' test (d£-ne-zhes') [Georges Denigks, French
demonomania (de"mon-o-ma'nI-ah) [G. daimon, a biological chemist, *i859.] For uric acid: to
spirit, + mania, frenzy.] Dasmonomania, an the suspected substance nitric acid is added and
insane belief that one is possessed of devils. then a little sulphuric acid and commercial ben-
demonopathy (de-mon-op'^-thi) [G. daivton, a zene; the presence of uric acid (changed by the
spirit, + pathos, suffering.] Demonomania. nitric acid to alloxan) is indicated by a blue
demonophobia (de-mon-o-fo'bi-ah) [G. daimon, a color.
spirit, + phobos, fear.] A fear of the devil or of Den'man's sponta'neous evolu'tion [Thomas Den-
spirits. man, English obstetrician, 1733— 1815.] A mode
dem'onstrator [L. demon (rare, to point out.] i. of spontaneous version occurring at or just above
An assistant to a professor of anatomy, surgery, the brim in some cases of transverse presenta-
etc., who prepares for the lecture by dissections, tion.
collection of patients, etc., or who instructs Denonvillier's aponeuro'sis (dg-nawn-ve-ya') [Charles
small classes supplementary to the regular lec- Pierre Denonvillier, Paris surgeon, 1808-1872.]
tures; a demonstrator corresponds in a general Rectovesical fascia, Tyrrell's fascia, an ill-defined
way to the Dozent of a German university. 2. fibromuscular layer extending from the posterior
The index-finger (obsolete) border of the superior leaflet of the middle apo-
De Mor'gan's spots [Campbell De Morgan, English neurosis of the perineum, behind the prostate.
physician, 1811-1876.] Reddish spots on the D.'s lig'ament, ligamentum puboprostaticum
skin, sometimes observed in cases of cancer. (pubovesicale) medium. D.'s meth'od, closing
demoiphinization (de-mor-fin-i-za'shun). i. Re- of an artificial anus by suture of the mucous
moval morphine from an opiate. 2. The
of membrane strengthened by a portion of the
gradual withdrawal of morphine as a method of muscularis.
cure of the morphine habit. dens [L.] i. Tooth. 2. [BNA] The odontoid
Demours's mem'brane (dS-moor') [Pierre Demours, process, a strong tooth-like process projecting
French oculist, 1702-1795.] Descemet's* mem- upward from the body of the epistropheus, or
brane, axis, around which the atlas rotates, d. angula'-
demul'cent [L. dem-ulcere, to smooth down.] Sooth- ris, d. caninus. d. bicus'pidus (pi. denies
ing, relieving irritation. 2. An
agent, such as bicuspidi), bicuspid tooth, d. premolaris [BNA].
a mucilage or oil, which soothes and relieves d. cani'nus (pi. denies canini) [BNA], canine
irritation, especially of the mucous surfaces. tooth, having a crown of thick, conical shape
denarcotize (de-nar'ko-tiz). To remove narcotin and a long, slightly flattened conical root;
from an opiate; to deprive of narcotic properties. there are two canine teeth in each jaw, one on
denatixred (de-na'churd). Made unnatural, changed either side between the incisors and the pre-
from the normal in any of its characteristics, d. molars, in both the deciduous and the perma-
al'cohol, alcohol* denaturatimi. nent dentures, d. cuspida'tus (pi. denies cus-
dendraxon, dendraxone (den-drak'son) [G. pidati), d. caninus. d. decid'uus (pi. denies
dendron, tree, -I- axon, axis.] Neuropodion, decidui) [BNA], first tooth, milk tooth, one of
the terminal arborization of the neuraxon of a the twenty teeth belonging to the first or decidu-
nerve-cell of the second type, or of Golgi. ous denture; the eruption of the milk teeth
den'dric. Relating to a dendron, noting a neuron begins from the fifth to the seventh month and is
with branching processes. usually completed about the end of the second
den'drifoTm [G. dendron, tree, -f L. forma, form.] year. d. incisi'vus (pi. denies incisivi) [BNA],
Tree-shaped, branching, dendroid. incisor tooth, having a chisel-shaped crown and
dendrite (den'drit) [G. dendrites, relating to a tree.] a single conical tapering root; there are four in-
One of the branching protoplasmic processes of cisor teeth in the anterior part of each jaw, in
the nerve-cell, dendron. both the deciduous and the permanent dentures.
dendritic (den-drit'ik) i. Arborescent, dendri-
. d. lac'teus, milk tooth, d. deciduus.
d. mola'ris
form. 2. Relating to the dendrites or pro- (pi. denies molares) [BNA], molar
tooth, grinder,
toplasmic processes of the nerve-cells, d. or multicuspidate, having a somewhat quad-
cal'culus, a renal stone moulded to the shape of rangular crown with four or five tubercles or
the pelvis and calyces, d. stone, d. calculus. cusps on the grinding surface; the root is
 :

DENS 267 DENTITION

bifid in the lower jaw but has three conical dental'gia [L. dens(deni-), tooth, + algos, pain.]
fangs in the upper jaw; there are six molars in Odontalgia.
each jaw, three on either side behind the pre- den'taphone. Dentiphone.
molars; in the deciduous denture there are but dentata (den-tah'tah) [L. fem. of dentatus, toothed.]
four molars in each jaw. d. multicus'pidus Vertebra* dentata.
(pi. denies multicuspidi), d. molaris. d. per'- den'tate [L. dentatus, toothed.] Notched, toothed,
manens (pi. denies permanenles) [BNA], one cogged. ,
of the thirty-two teeth belonging to the second dentatum (den-tah'tum) [L. neut. of dentatus,
or pemaanent denture; the eruption of the per- toothed.] Nucleus dentatus.
manent teeth begins from the fifth to the seventh den'tes [L. pi. of dens, tooth.] [BNA] Teeth.
year and is not completed until the eighteenth to dentic'ulate, dentic'ulated [L. denticulus, a small
twenty-fifth year when the last of the wisdom tooth.] I. Finely dentated, notched, or serrated.
teeth appears, d. premola'ris (pi. denies premo- z. Having small teeth.
lares) [BNA], premolar tooth, bicuspid, having dentification (den-ti-fi-ka'shun) [L. dens (denl-),
a crown flattened from before backward with tooth, -I- facere, to make.] Conversion into
two tubercles or cusps on the grinding surface, dental structure, said especially of a soft neo-
and a flattened root, single in the lower jaw, plasm becoming an odontoma.
bifid or furrowed in the upper jaw; there are den'tiform [L. dens{dent-), tooth, -I- forma, form.]
four premolars in each jaw, two on either side Tooth-shaped, pegged, odontoid.
between the canine and the molars; there are dentifrice (den'tl-fris) [L. dens{denl-), tooth, -t-

no premolars in the deciduous denture, d. sa- fricare, to rub.] A

tooth-powder, tooth-paste,
pien'tiae [L. sapientia, wisdom], d. serotinus, d. tooth- wash; any preparation used in the cleansing
seroti'nus (pi. denies seroiini) [BNA], late tooth, of the teeth.
wisdom tooth, the third molar tooth on each side dentigerous (den-tij'er-us) [L. densident-), tooth, -I-
in each jaw; the wisdom teeth erupt late, from gerere, to bear.] Having or containing teeth, as
the eighteenth to the twenty-fifth year, and a dentigerous cyst.
often decay early; the root fangs are often fused, dentila'bial [L. dens, tooth, -1- labium, lip.] Relat-
the separation being marked only by grooves. ing to the teeth and lips.
d. sophronet'icus [G. sopkronelikos, prudent, dentilingual (den-tl-ling'gwal) [L. dens, tooth, -|-
sober], wisdom tooth, d. serotinus, d. suc- lingua, tongue.] Relating to the teeth and
ceda'neus (pi. denies succedanei) one of the teeth ,
tongue.
which replace the deciduous teeth after the latter den'tin. Dentine.
have fallen out; an incisor, cuspid, or bicuspid. den'tinal. Relating to dentine, d. bulb, enamel*
densimeter (den-sim'e-tur) [L. densus, thick, + G. germ. d. fi'beis, the processes of the cells of
metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the pulp of a tooth, contained in the d. tubules.
the density of a fluid, that is, for ascertaining its d. groove, dental* groove, enamel groove, d.
specific gravity. papill'a, one of the projections of underlying
density (den'si-ti) [L. densus, thick.] i. The connective tissue pushing up into the enamel
compactness of a substance, the amount of it in germ. d. ridge, dental* shelf, d. sheath,
a given unit of space. 2. The quantity of Neumann's sheath; a layer of tissue very resist-
electricity on a given surface or in a given time ant to the action of acids, which forms the walls
per unit of volume. of the d. tubules, d. tu'bules, canaliculi den-
dentag'ra [L. dens(dent-), teeth, + G. agra, seizure.] tales; minute, wavy, branching tubes or canals
I. Toothache. 2. Tooth-forceps. in the dentine; they contain the d. fibers.
deu'tal. I. Relating to the teeth. 2. One of the dentinal'gia [G. algos, pain.] Pain or tenderness in
consonants, i, d, n, which are formed with the the dentine.
tongue against the upper incisor teeth, d. en'- dentine (den'ten) [L. dens, tooth.] The substance
gine, a machine run by foot power or electricity, proper of a tooth, substantia* eburnea.
by means of which a rapid rotary motion is dentinifica'tion. The formation of dentine.
imparted to a bur-drill or other instrument, d. dentin! tis (den-tin-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the
for'mula, a statement in tabular form of the dentine.
number of each kind of teeth in the jaw; the den'tinoid [G. eidos, resembling,] r. Resembling
dentine. ^. A small tumor arising from the
dental formula for man is, for the milk teeth : i.—
dentine of a tooth.
i-i
c , m.^^
2-2
= 2o: for the permanent teeth: dentinos'teoid [dentine + G. osteon, bone, + eidos,
i-i
resemblance.] Dentinoid (2).
. 2-2
2-2
c.
I-I
^^,
I-I •'^
—
2-2 3-3.=
pm. 2-2 m.=^^,
3-3
32. d. groove,
dentiphone (den'tJ-fon) [L. dens(dent-), tooth, + G.
a depression along the border of the jaw in the phone, sound.] A device for hearing by bone
embryo, d. in'dex, the ratio of the dental length, conduction; a fan-like piece of guttapercha or tin
or space occupied by the premolar and molar which is held against the upper teeth, receiving
teeth, to the length of the basinasal line; the the sound waves and transmitting them through
dental length x 100 the bones of the head to the receiving apparatus of
formula is = dental index. the ears ; dentaphone, auriphone, audiphone.
length of basinasal line
d. length, the distance along the alveolar border den'tist. A dental surgeon; a practitioner who
between the anterior surface of the first premolar specializes in diseases of the teeth and adjacent
and the posterior surface of the third molar tooth parts.
in the upper jaw, i.e. the space occupied by the den'tistry. Dental surgery; the science of the pre-
molar and premolar teeth, d. OBteo'ma, a small vention and treatment of diseases of the teeth.
dentition (den-tish'un). i. Eruption of the teeth.
tumor arising from the cementum of a tooth.
2. The number, shape, and arrangement of the
d. papill'a, dentinal* papilla, d. ridge, the promi-
nent border of the d. groove, .d. sac, a connect- teeth characteristic of the genus or species. 3.
ive-tissue covering to the developing tooth.
Denture (i). pri'mary d., the first d., the eruption
d. sheath, dentinal* sheath, d. shelf, an invagi- of the milk teeth it begins usually between the
;

sixth and the eighth months and is completed be-

nation of the d. ridge covering the d. papilla.
 DENTITION 268 DEPRESSOR

tween the twenty-eighth and the thirty-second deor"suniver'sion [L. deorsum, downward, -H

months, or about the age of two and one-half vertere, to turn.] Deorsumduction, deorsum-
years, sec'ondary d., the eruption of the per- vergence.
manent teeth; it begins usually about the sixth deossifica'tion [L. de- priv. -f os, bone, -f facere, to
year and is completed by the fifteenth year, make.] Removal of the mineral constituents of
except for the four posterior molars, or wisdom bone.
teeth, which do not erupt until between the eigh- deoxida'tion. Depriving a chemical compound of
teenth and the twenty-fifth years, ter'tiary d., its oxygen.
a third and imperfect eruption of teeth, occurring deox'idize. To remove oxygen from its chemical
very rarely as an anomaly in adult life or even combination.
in beginning old age. deoxygena'tion. Removing oxygen, depriving of
dentoalveolitis (den-to-al"ve-o-li'(le')tis). Pyor- oxygen.
rhea alveolaris; for synonyms, see alveolitis. deo'zonize. To deprive of ozone.
den'toid [L. dens(,dent-), tooth, + eidos, resemblance.] depancreatize (de-pan'kre-a-tiz). To remove the
Odontoid, dentiform. pancreas by operation.
dentoliva (denf'o-le'vah) [L. dens{dent-), tooth + depersonaliza'tion. Amnesia in relation to a part
oliva, olive.] Olivary body, oliva. of the body; loss of the sense of personal owner-
denture (den'chur) [Fr. from L. dens, tooth.] i. ship in a limb or other part.
The thirty-two permanent teeth, or the twenty dephlogisticate (de-flo-jis'ti-kat) [L. de- priv. + G.
deciduous teeth, taken together or forming a set. phlogizo, I set on fire, inflame.] To subdue in-
2. A set of artificial teeth, full d., a complete set flammation.
of teeth, natural or artificial, in both jaws, par- depigmenta'tion. Depriving of pigment.
tial d., a set of two or more artificial teeth in one or dep'ilate [L. depilare, to deprive of hair.] To pull
both jaws. out or otherwise remove the hair of a part.
Denuc€'s lig'ament (dS-nii-sa') [Maurice DenucS, depila'tion. Removal of hair.
Bordeaux surgeon, *i859.] A quadrilateral depil'atory. Decalvant. i. Having the property

fibrous band forming part of the capsule of the of removing hair; relating to depilation. 2. An
superior radioulnar articulation, extending from agent which causes the falling out of hair.
the inferior border of the sigmoid cavity to the deplete (de-plet') [L. de- priv. -f- plere, to fill.] i. To'

internal border of the neck of the radius. remove, empty; to cause evacuations. 2. To
denucleated (de-nu'kle-a-ted). Deprived of a nu- reduce the strength.
cleus. depletion (de-ple'shun). i. The removal of ac-
denudation (de-nu-da'shun) [L. de, from, -I- nudus, cumulated fluids or solids.
2. reduced state A
naked.] Depriving of a covering or protecting of strength from too
free discharges.
layer. depluma'tion [L. deplumare, to pull out feathers.]
denutrition (de-nu-trish'un) [L. de, from, -f nutrio, Falling out of the eyelashes.
I nourish.] Want or failure of nutrition. depolariza'tion. The destruction, neutralization, or
Denys's tuber'culin (den-es') [G. Denys, Belgian change in direction of polarity.
physician, contemporary.] A filtrate through depolarize. To deprive of polarity.
porcelain of a bouillon culture of human tubercle depo'larizer. A
substance absorbing the liberated
bacilli; bouillon filtr^, B.F. see tuberculin.
; gases in an electric battery and so preventing
Denys-Leclef phenom'enon (den-es-le-kla') [G. polarization.
Denys; Leclef, Belgian physicians, contempo- depos'it [L. depositum; deponere, to lay down.] A
rary.] Phagocytosis occurring in the test-tube sediment, precipitate, brick-dust d., a sediment
upon mixing leucocytes, microorganisms, and of urates in the urine.
the immune serum belonging to them. depravation (de-pra-va'shun) [L. depravare, to cor-
deobstruent (de-ob'stru-ent) [L. de- priv. + ob- rupt.] Deterioration, perversion.
struere, to obstruct.] i. Relieving or removing depraved'. Deteriorated, perverted, corrupt.
obstruction. '^. An agent which removes an depress'ant [L. depressus; deprimere, to press down.]
obstruction to secretion or excretion; resolvent. I. Lowering the vital tone; reducing functional
deo'dorant [L. de- priv. + odorare, to smell.] r. activity. 2. An agent which lowers nervous or
Removing a smell,especially an unpleasant functional activity, a sedative.
smell. 2. An agent which destroys odors, es- depressed (de-presf). 1. Flattened from above
pecially disagreeable odors. downward. 2. Below the normal level or the
deodorize (de-o'dor-Iz). To free from odor, espe- level of the surrounding parts. 3. Below the
cially from an unpleasant odor normal functional level. 4. Dejected, lowered in
deo'dorizer. A substance whichconverts the spirits, d. frac'ture, fracture of the skull with
odoriferous products decomposition into
of sinking of a fragment below the level of the sur-
inodorous compounds, usually by a process of rounding parts.
oxidation. depress'ing. Couching.
deontol'ogy [G. deon(deoni-), something obligatory, depression (de-presh'un). i.A sinking below the
-I- -logia.] Ethics; in medicine the science of the surrounding level. 2. A hollow or sunken area.
duties and rights of the practitioner in relation to 3. Dejection, a sinking of spirits.
his colleagues and to his patients. depress'ive. Pushing down, causing depression,
deopp'ilative [L. de- priv. -f oppilare, to stop up.] or figuratively.
literally
Removing obstructions, deobstruent. depressomotor (de-pres"o-mo'tor). i. Retarding
deorsum (de-or'sum) [L.] Downward, turning motor activity. 2. An agent which slows or re-
downward. tards motion.
deorsumduction (de-or"sum-duk'shun) [L. deor- depress'or. i. Anything which depresses or re-
sum, downward, -t- ducere, to lead.] Bending, tards functional activity, An instrument
-.i.

or turning downward. used to push certain structures out of the way

deorsumvergence (de-or"sum-vur'jens) [L. deorsum during an operation, d. muscle, see musculus
downward, -t- vergere, to incline, bend.] Bending depressor, d. nerve, a centripetal nerve, passing
or inclining downward, deorsumduction. from the heart through the vagus to the bulb-
 ,

DEPRESSOR 269 DERMATITIS

stimulation of which causes a reflex fall of blood- H. T. Ricketts, American pathologist, 1871-
pressure. 1910.] A lanceolate,
paired, slender rod-
dep'rimens oc'uli [L. deprimere, to depress.] Mus- shaped or minute rounded microorganism,
culus rectus inferior. suggested as possibly the pathogenic agent in
depth. Distance from the surface downward. Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
fo'cal d., penetration of a lens. der'mad [G. derma, skin, + L. ad, to.] In the
depuUzation (de-pu"li-za'shun) [L. de, from, + direction of the outer integument.
pulex {pulic-), flea.] Destruction of fleas which dermag'ra. Dermatagra.
convey the plague bacillus from animals to dermahe'mia, dermahae'mia. Dermathemia.
man; a term used by those engaged in anti- dermal (dur'nial)., Relating to the skin, especially
plague work. to the true skin or cutis vera.
dep'urant [L. depurare, to purify.] i. Purifying, dermalax'ia [G. derma, skin, + malaxis, softening.]
removing waste products. 2. An agent which Softening or relaxation of the skin.
promotes the excretion and removal of waste dermal'gia. Dermatalgia.
material. dermametropathism (dur"mah-me-trop'a-thizm)
depuration (dep-u-ra'shun). Purification, removal [derma, skin, -|- matron, measure, + pathos, dis-
of waste products or foul excretions. ease.] A system of measurement of the intensity
dep'urative. Depurant. and natiu-e of a skin disease by observing the
DeR. Abbreviation for reaction of degeneration markings made by drawing a blunt instrument
deradelphus (der-S-del'fus) [G. dere, neck, + adel across the skin.
phos, brother.] A twin monster with a single dermamyiasis (der-mah-mi-i'a-sis). Myiasis of the
head and neck. skin. d. linea'ris mi'grans oestro'sa, creeping erup-
deradenitis (der-S-den-i'(e')tis) [G. dere, neck, -f- tion.*
aden, gland, +
-itis.] Inflammation of the lymph dermanaplasty (durm-an'4-plas-ti) [G. derma, sHn,
glands in the neck, cervical adenitis. + anaplasso, I form anew.] Skin-grafting.
deradenoncus (der-ad-e-non'kus) [G. dere, neck, -I- Dermanys'sus derma, skin, + nysso,
galli'nae [G.
aden, gland, + onkos, a tumor.] A swelling or I prick; L. gallina, hen.] The red hen-mite, a
tumor of the cervical lymph glands. parasite of chickens, pigeons, and other birds,
derangement (de-ranj'ment) [Fr.] i. Disordering, sometimes attacking man when it causes an
a,disturbance of the regular order or arrange- itching eruption. D. hirun'dinis [L. hirundo,
ment. .1. Mental disturbance, insanity, inter'- swallow], a mite of brownish purple color in-
nal d., Hey's* internal derangement of the festing the nests of swallows and occasionally
knee. attacking man.
deratization (de-rat"i-za'shun) [L. de, from, + dermapos'tasis [G. derma, skin, + apostasis, ab-
rattus, rat.] Extermination of rats; a term scess.] Any disease of the skin attended with
invented by those engaged in anti-plague work. the formation of abscesses.
Derbyshire neck (dar'bl-sher) [Derbyshire, a county dermata'gra [G. derma{dermat-), skin, + agra, a
2. A gouty affection of
in England, where goiter is, or was, common.] seizure.] i. Pellagra.

Goiter. the skin. 3. Dermatalgia.

Der'cum's disease' [Francis Xavier Dercum, Phila- dermatalgia (dur-ma-tal'ji-ah) [G. derma{dermat-)
delphia neurologist, *i8s6.] Adiposis dolorosa. skin, -t- algos, pain.] Dermalgia, localized pain,
derencephalocele (der-en-sef'al-o-sel) [G. dere, neck, usually with paresthesia, of the skin.
4- enkephalos, brain, + kele, hernia.] A mon- dermatauxe (dur-mi-tawk'se) [G. derma{dermai-),
strosity in which the cranium is defective and the skin, -I- auxe, enlargement.] Hypertrophy of

very small brain is contained, and partly ex- the skin.

trudes through a defect, in the upper cervical dermathemia, dermathsemia (dur-mi-te'ml-ah) [G.
'

spinal canal. derma(,dermai-), skin, + haima, blood.] Der-

derencephalus (der-en-sef'al-us) [G. dere, neck, + mahemia, dermohemia, hyperemia of the skin.
enkephalos, brain.] A monster with open skull dermat'ic. Dermal.
dermatitis (dur-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. dermaidermat-),
and with a very small brain enclosed in the upper
cervical spinal canal. skin, + Inflammation of the skin, blasto-
-itis.]

dei'ic [G. deros, skin.] Relating to the ectoderm, myce'tic d., cutaneous blastomycosis.* d. sesti-
as distinguished from enteric. va'lis [L. cBstivus, summer], eczema recurring with

der'ivant. Derivative. the advent of hot weather, d. ambustio'nis [L.

derivation (der-i-va'shun) [L. derivare, to draw off.] ambustio, a scorching], inflammation of the skin
one resulting from the action of heat. d. artefac'ta,
1. The drawing of blood or the body fluids to
part, by means of cupping, blisters, etc., to re- feigned eruptions, inflammation of the skin
lieve congestion in another, j. Descent, with caused by the application of various irritants, d.
modifications; evolution. atrophicans, a diffuse idiopathic atrophy of the
skin, involving the appendages, d. blastomy-
deriv'ative. i. Relating to or producing derivation.
cot'ica, blastomycosis, d. calor'ica, d. ambus-
2. An agent which effects derivation.
tionis. a form of blastomycosis
d. coccidioi'des,
derm, derma, dermis (durm, dur'mah, dur'mis) [G.
i. The outer integument, or skin. 2. the fungus of which multiplies by sporulation
derma:]
without budding, d. combustio'nis, inflamma-
Specifically, the corium or cutis vera.
DermacentoT (dur"mah-sen'tor) [G. derma, skin, + mation of the skin following a bum. d. conge-
frostbite, chilblain, d. contusifor'mis
kentor, a- goader.] A genus of ticks, two species latio'nis,
are re- [L. resembling contusions], erythema nodosum.
of which, D. modestus and V. venustus,
d. Ditropeno'tus aureovir'idis, straw itch.* d.
puted agents in the spread of Rocky Mountain
epidem'ica, Savill's disease, an acute contagious
spotted fever. D. reiiculatus is a common species
disease marked by a vesicular dermatitis followed
attacking sheep, oxen, goats, and deer and some-
times troublesome to man; it is found in Europe,
by desquamation it is accompanied with more or
;

less severe constitutional symptoms, coniunc-

Asia, and America. ^
(dur-mah-sen-troks - tivitis, pharyngitis, and enlargement of ,the
Dermacentroxenus rickettsi
cervical glands it may terminate fatally especially
'

e-nus ri-kets'J) [Dermacentor + G. xenos, host, + ;

 ;

DERMATITIS 270 DERMATOPHYTE

when attacking the old and infirm, d. erythe- konis, dust.] A

dermatitis caused by the irrita-
mato'sa, erythema, d. excoriati'va infan'tum, tion of dust to which those engaged in certain
inflammation of the skin, with marked excoria- occupations are exposed.
tion, occurring in infants, d. exfoliati'va, pityria- der'matocyst. A
cyst of the skin.
sis rubra, an erythrodermia with branny desqua- dennatodyn'ia [G. derma(dermat-), skin, + odyne,
mation, d. exfoliati'va epidem'ica, d. epidemica. pain.] Dermatalgia.
d. exfoliati'va infan'tum or neonato'rum, keratol- dermatog'raphy [G. derma{dermat-), skin, +
grapho, I write.] Dermography. i. A descrip-
ysis neonatorum, Ritter's disease, a generalized
tive treatise on the skin. 2. A form of urticaria
exfoliative dermatitis, accompanied with con-
stitutional symptoms, affecting young infants in which wheals follow the mark made by a
it is frequently fatal, d. gangrasno'sa infan'- pencil or style on the skin.
tum, more or less extensive gangrene of the der"matohet'eroplasty [G. derma(dermat-), skin, -I-
skin in children, following chicken-pox or other heteros, another, -1- plasso, I form.] Skin-graft-
pustular eruptions, or occurring spoijtaneously. ing in which the material is derived from another
d. herpetifor'mis, d. multiformis, pemphigus person.
circinatus, Duhring's disease; a chronic disease der'matoid [G. derma{dermat-), skin, + eidos, resem-
of the skin marked by an itching eruption of no blance.] I. Resembling skin. 2. Dermal, der-
determinate form, though the lesions are apt to matic. 3. Desmoid (2).
occur in groups spontaneous healing may occur,
;
der"xnatokelido'sis.Dermatocelidosis.
but relapses are common, d. hiema'lis [L. hiems, der'matol. Trade name of bismuth subgallate.
winter], winter itch, a recurrent eczema appearing dennatol'Dgist. A
practitioner who devotes spe-
with the advent of cold weather, d. medica- cial attention to disease of the skin, a skin
mento'sa, drug eruption, any rash or other specialist.
cutaneous lesion arising from the action of drugs dermatol'ogy [G. derma(dermat-) skin, + -fogio.]
taken internally, d. multifor'mis, d. herpeti- The branch of medicine which has to do especially
formis, d. papllla'ris capillit'ii, sycosis nuchse with diseases of the skin; the specialty of skin
necrotizans. d. Pediculoi'des ventrico'sus, straw diseases.
itch.* d. re'pens [L. sudden, unexpected], dennatol'ysis [G. derma{dermat-), skin, lysis, +
acrodermatitis perstans, a vesicular or bullous loosing.] Cutis pendula, a condition of hyper-
moist dermatitis of the upper extremities fol- trophy of the skin which hangs down in places
lowing an injury; it has a tendency to spread at in loose folds.
the periphery while healing at the center, d. dermato'ma [G. derma, skin.] A
circumscribed
seborrhoe'ica, d. seborrho'ica, seborrheic inflam- thickening or hypertrophy of the skin.
mation of the skin, seborrhcea sicca, eczema dennatome [G. derma, skin, tome, +
incision,]
seborrhceicum an eruption of reddish patches
; Dermatotome.
covered with greasy scales; it occurs chiefly on dermatomere (dur'mS.-to-mer) [G. derma[dermat-),
the face and scalp, in the latter location pro- skin, -f meros, part.] A segment of the embry-
ducing dandruff, d. sim'plex, erythema simplex. onic integument.
d. skiagraph'ica, inflammation of the skin due to dermatomucosomyositis (dur"m&-to-mu-ko"so-
exposure to the action of the Roentgen rays. mi-o-si'(se')tis) L. mucosa
[G. derma, skin,
-t-

d. variega'ta, maculopapiilar erythrodermia.* d. mucous (membrane), + G. mys, muscle, -t-

veg'etans, a disease marked by the presence of -itis.'\ Dermatomyositis with involvement of
red fungating masses arising from areas of the mucous membrane of the nose, mouth, and
eczema on the skin. d. venena'ta [L. venenum, larynx.
poison], inflammation of the skin caused by dermatomyces (dur"ma-to-mi's§z) [G. derma{der-
irritants, such as poison ivy and various chemicals. mat-), skin, mykes, fungus.] Dermatophyte.
-I-

hyphomyce'tic d., a local infection with a hypho- der"matomyco'sis [G. derma{dermat-), skin, +
mycetous fungus, the lesions resembling thoes mykes, fungus.] A skin disease due to the
of lupus verrucosus, malig'nant pap'illaiy d., presence of a vegetable microparasite. blasto-
Paget's* disease (2). x-ray d., d. skiagraphica. myce'tic d., cutaneous blastomycosis, d. furfura'-
dennato-autoplasty (dur"ma-to-aw'to-plas-tI) [G. cea [L. branny], tinea versicolor, d. trichophyti'-
derma{dertnai-), skin, +
auios, self, -I- plasso, I na, tinea trichophytina.
form.] Skin-grafting with material taken from dermatomyo'ma [G. derma, skin, -i- mys, muscle, 4-
another part of the patient's own body. -oma.] A tumor, usually multiple, due to hy-
Dermato'bia [G. derma{dermat-), skin, -I- bios, perplasia of the arrectores pilorum muscles or
way of living.] A genus of flies of the family of the muscular coat of the small arteries.
(Esiridce, found in tropical America, The larva dermatomyositis (dur-ma-to-mi-o-si'(se')tis) [G. der-
of one species, D. noxialis, D. cyaniveniris [blue- ma{dermat-), skin, -^ mys, muscle, -t- -itis.]
belly], (macaco- worm) is sometimes present in the Acute myositis with involvement of the overlying
subcutaneous tissues where it sets up inflammatory skin, multiple myositis.*
swelling with abscess formation. dermatoneurology (dur"ma,-to-nu-rol'o-jI) [G.
dermatocele (dur'm^-to-sel, dur"mS.-to-se'le) derma[dermat-), skin, + neuron, nerve, + -logia.}
G. derma, skin, -t- fcciS, hernia. ] Dermatolysis. That branch of dermatology or neurology which
d. lipomato'sa, a pedunculated lipoma under- has to do with the dermatoneuroses.
going cystic degeneration. dermatoneuTosis (dur"mS-to-nu-ro'sis) [G. derma
dermatocelido'sis [G. derma{dermai-), skin, kelis, + {dermal-), skin, +
neuron, nerve.] Any disease of
a spot, a stain,] A macular eruption; ephelides, the skin of nervous, or seemingly nervous, origin;
freckles. a cutaneous neurosis.
dermatocelluUtis (dur-ma-to-sel-u-li'(le')tis). In- dennatonosol'ogy [G. derma(dermat-), skin, -I- nosos,
flammation of the skin and subcutaneous connec- disease, +
-logia.'] The science of the nomen-
tive tissue. clature and
classification of diseases of the skin.
dermatococcus (dur'mJi-to-kok"us) A diplococ-
. dennaton'osus [G. derma{dermat-), skin, -1- nosos,
cus found in certain cases of elephantiasis. disease.] Dermatosis.
llei"infttoconio'sis [G. derma{dermat-), skin, -|- dermatophyte (dm-'mS-to-fit) [G. derma{dermat-),
ERMATOPHYTE 271 DESAULT'S BANDAGE

skin, + phyton, plant.] A vegetable micropara- der'mogen. Trade name of a preparation of zinc
site of the skin. oxide, employed as a dusting powder.
rmatophyto'sis. Dermatomycosis. dermograph'ia, dermog'raphism, dermog'raphy [G.
rmatoplas'tic. Relating to dermatoplasty, or derma, skin, -I- grapho, I write.] An exaggerated
skin-grafting. form of urticaria factitia in which writing or any
r'matoplasty [G. derma(d{rmat-), skin, plasso, + figures, traced by a blunt-pointed instrument
I form.] Repair of defects of the skin; skin- on the skin, will be reproduced as elevations or
grafting. wheals.
rmatorrhagia (dur"m3,-tor-ra'jI-ah) [Q. derma dermohe'mia, dermohse'mia. Dermathemia.
(dermat-), skin, +
-rhagia,'] Hemorrhage from dermoid (dur'moyd) [G. derma, skin, -I- eidos, re-
or into the skin. d. parasit'ica, a, disease of the semblance.] I. Dermatoid, resembling skin. 2.
horse marked by numerous localized hemorrhages Noting a congenital cystic tumor, filled with fluid
into the skin, due to the presence of a larva or or sebaceous matter, the walls of which are of
worm. dermal structure, sometimes giving origin to
rmatorrhe'a, dennatorrhoe'a [G. derma{dermat-), teeth, hair, and other dermal appendages, d.
skin, + rhoia, flow.] An excessive secretion of dermoid (2). implanta'tion d., sequestra'-
cyst,
the sebaceous or sweat-glands of the skin. under cyst.
tion d., see
rmatosclerosls (dur"ni3.-to-skle-ro'sis) [G. derma dennoidec'tomy [G. ektome, excision.] Operative
idermat-), skin, + scleroo, I harden.] Diffuse removal of a dermoid cyst.
symmetrical scleroderma scleroma.; der'mol. Trade name for bismuth chrysophanate,
rmato'sis. Askin disease of any nature, angio- a yellowish brown powder, a mixture of bismuth
neurot'ic d., a skin disease the lesions of which are oxide and chrysarobin; employed as a dusting
caused by vasomotor disturbances in the cuta- powder and in the treatment of various skin
neous or subcutaneous tissues. diseases. .

imatoskel'eton. Exoskeleton. dennol'ogy. Dermatology.

nnatosome (dur'mS-to-som) [G. dermaidermat-), dennomyco'sis. Dermatomycosis.
skin, + sdm.a, body.] A section or segment of the dermoneuro'sis. Dermatoneurosis.
equatorial plate in mitosis. dermonosol'ogy. Dermatonosology.
rmatotherapy (dur"ma-to-ther'a-pI) [G. derm,a dermopath'ic. Relating to a skin disease
{dermai-), skin, +
therapeia, treatment.] Treat- dermop'athy [G. derma, skin, -I- pathos, suffering.]
ment of skin diseases. Any skin disease, dermatosis.
irmatothlasia (dur"m^-to-thla'zi-ah) [G. derma, dennophlebitis (dur"mo-fle-bi'(be')tis) [G. derma,
skin, + ihlasis, a bruising.] A tic or uncontroll- skin, + phleps(phleb-), vein, + -His.] Inflam-
able impulse marked by pinching and bruising of mation of the superficial veins with the surround-
the skin. ing skin.
iTinatotome (dur'mS-to-tom) [G. derma {der- der'moplasty. Dermatoplasty, skin-grafting.
mal-), skin, 4- tome, cut, section.] I. One of dermoskel'eton [G. derma, skin, + skeleton.] Exo-
the fetal skin segments. 2. A delicate knife for skeleton.
incising the skin or excising small lesions. dermosynovitis (dur-mo-si-no-vi'(ve')tis). Perfor-
nnatoxerasia (dur"ma-to-ze-ra'sI-ah) [G. derma ating ulcer of the foot.
(dermat-), skin, -t- xerasia, a dryness.] Xero- dennosyphilop'athy. A syphilide, any syphilitic
derma. affection of the skin.
sTmatozoiasis (dur"mS.-to-zo-i'a.-sis) [G. derma, der"motuber'culin reac'tion. Cutireaction* of v.
skin, -\- zoon, animal, -|- -iasis.] Dermatozoon- Pirquet.
osus, a disease of the skin caused by a metazoan derodidymus (der"o-did'I-mus) [G. dere, neck, -H
parasite. didymos, twin.] A twin monster as to the head
imatozoon (dur-mi-to-zo'on) [G. derma(dermai-), and neck, but with a single body.
skin, + zoon, animal.] An animal parasite of ii rengadera (der-ren-
the skin. gah-dar'ah) [Sp. der-
imatozoonosus (dur-ma.-to-zo-on'o-sus) [G. derma rengado, crooked.]
(dermat-), skin, -t- zoon, animal, -I- nosos, disease.] Murrina, especially

A disease of the skin caused by an animal that form in which

parasite. posterior paralysis is

srmatozooplasty (dur'm&-to-zo'o-plas-ti) [G. marked.

derma, skin, -I- zoon, animal, + plasso, I form.] desam'idize [des-, prefix
Skin-grafting with material taken from the denoting asunder, +
skin of an animal. amide -I- -ize, sufiix
innatroph'ia, dermat'rophy [G. derma{dermat-), denoting action.]
skin, -H atrophia^ Atrophy or thinning of the Deamidize, to decom-
skin.
pose amino-acids.
irmenchysis (dur-men'ki-sis) [G derma, skin,
-|- desanima'nia [L. des-
The subcutaneous ad- (dis-), apart, -\-\^ni- Desault's
_ Bandagb.
enchysis, a pouring in.]
ministration of remedies. mus, mind, -f G. ^/\
rmepen'thesis [G. derma, skin, -f epenthesis, mania, frenzy.] Amentia, dementia,
Dermatoplasty, skin-grafting. Desault's appara'tus or ban'dagS, (d6-so') [Pierre
insertion.]
ir'mic. Dermal, dermatic, cutaneous; relating Joseph Desault, French surgeon, 1744-1795.]
A bandage for fracture of the clavicle the elbow is
to the skin in general or to the cutis vera.
;

Derma. bound to the side, a pad being previously placed

ir'mis.
Dermatitis. in the axilla. D.'s lig'ature, Ugatiire of the
jrmitis (dur-mi'(me')tis).
derma, skin, -H blastos, germ.] femoral artery in its passage through the\dductor
sr'moblast [G.
muscle, for the cure of popliteal aneurysm. D.'s
A portion of the mesoblastic layer from which sign, altered arc described by the trochanter,
the corium is developed.
when the femur is rotated, in fracture of the
snnocy'ma [G. derma, skin, -1- kyma, fetus.]
neck instead of describing an arc rotating around
;

Fetus in fetu.
 .

DESAULT'S BANDAGE 272 DETERMINATION

the head as a center, it simply turns around the ene blue may be enclosed in rubber tissue tied
axis of the shaft of the bone. with catgut and swallowed; when the catgut is
Descartes' law (da-kart') [Ren^ Descartes, French digested it sets free the dye which soon appears
savant and philosopher, 1 596-1650.] For two in the urine; or beads are threaded with small
given media, the sine of the angle of incidence pieces of catgut and swallowed; they are then
bears a constant relation with the sine of the withdrawn at intervals by an attached thread
angle of refraction. and the condition of the catgut is noted, d.
Descemet's mem'brane (des-ma') [Jean Descemet, tu'mor, connective-tissue tumor, desmoma.
French physician, 1732-1810.] Lamina elastica desmol'ogy [G. desmos, band, + -logia.] The
posterior. branch of anatomy dealing with the ligaments.
descemetitis (des-e-me-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation desmo'ma [G. desmos, a band, + -dma.\ A con-
of Descemet's membrane on the posterior sur- nective-tissue tumor.
face of the cornea; keratitis punctata, serous des'mon [G. desmos, a yoke.] Miiller's term for
cyclitis. amboceptor.
descemetocele (des-e-met'o-sel) [G. kele, hernia.] desmoneoplasm (dez-mo-ne'o-plazm) [G. desmos,
Hernia or protrusion of Descemet's membrane. band, + neos, new, + plasma, a thing formed.]
descen'dens no'ni. The descending ramus of the Desmoma.
nervus hypoglossus, formerly called the nonus desmopathy (dez-mop'S-thi) [G. desmos, band, -f-

or ninth cranial nerve. pathos, suffering.] A

disease of ligaments.
descen'ding [L. descendere, to come down.] Run- desmopex'ia [G. desmos, band, +
pexis, fixation.]
ning downward or toward the periphery. Attachment of the round ligaments of the uterus
descensus (de-sen'sus) [L.] Descent, falling, ptosis, to the abdominal wall for the correction of uterine
procidentia, d. tes'tis [BNA], descent of the displacement.
testicle from the abdomen into the scrotum desmoplastic (dez-mo-plas'tik) [G. desmos, a band
shortly before the end of intrauterine life. d. or bond, + plastikos, relating to moulding.]
u'teri, falling of the womb. Causing or forming adhesions.
Deschainps' nee'dle (da-shahn') [Joseph Pranfois desmopycnosis (dez-mo-pik-no'sis) [G. desmos, a
Louis Desckamps, French surgeon, 1740— 1825]. band, + pyknosis, a. packing close.] Dudley's*
A needle with a long shaft for passing sutures in operation.
the deep tissues. desmot'omy [G. desmos, band, +
tome, incision.]
Des Chutes Hot Springs, Oregon. Alkaline-saline- The division of a ligament.
carbonated waters, 143° P. and 145° P. Desnos's disease' (da-no') [Louis Joseph Desnos,
Ntunerous springs. Parisian physician, 1828-1893.] Splenopneu-
De Seigneux's dila'tor (de-sa-nye'). A modification monia.
of Bossi's* cervical dilator. D'Espine's sign (des-pen) i. Bronchophony over
.

Desh'ler's salve. Ceratum resinas compositum. the spinous processes heard, at a lower level
desiccant (des'i-kant) [L. desiccare, to dry up.] i. than in health, in pulmonary tuberculosis. 2.
Drying, z. An agent which absorbs or expels An echoed whisper following a. spoken word,
moisture, especially from the surface of the skin heard in the stethoscope placed over the seventh
or mucous membrane, cervical or first or second dorsal spine, in cases
des'iccate. To
dry. of tuberculosis of the mediastinal glands.
des'iccative. Desiccant. despumation (des-pu-ma'shun) [L. despumare, to
desiccator. A desiccant (2). skim.] I. The rising of impurities to the surface
Desmarre's dacryoliths (da-marz' dak'ri-o-liths) of a liquid. .1. The skimming off of impiu-ities
[Louis Auguste Desmarre, French oculist, 1810- on the surface of a liquid.
1882.] White pseudoconcretions, composed of desquamate (des'kw3,-mat) [L. desquamare.} To
masses of Nocardia foersten, found in the lacry- shred, peel, or scale off, noting the casting off of
mal canal. the epidermis in scales or shreds, or the shedding
desmitis (dez-mi'(me')tis) [G. desmos, a band.] of the outer layer of any surface.
Inflammation of a ligament. desquama'tlon [L. de, from, -I- squama, scale.] The
Desmobacte'ria. A term employed in certain shedding of the cuticle in scales or shreds.
classifications of microscopic fungi to denote desquam'ative. Relating to or marked by desqua-
the bacilli. mation from the skin or other surface, d.
desmocyte (dez'mo-sit) [G. desmos, a bond, + kytos, nephri'tis, inflammation of the kidney with loss of
a cell.] Any supporting tissue-cell. the epithelitmi of the renal tubules.
desmocytoma (dez-mo-si-to'mah) [desmocyte + dessertspoon (de-zurt'spoon). A spoon, larger than
-oma.\ Sarcoma, a tumor formed of desmocytes. a teaspoon but smaller than a tablespoon, hold-
desmodynla (dez-mo-din'I-ah) [G. desmos, band, -t- ing approximately two fluidrams.
odyne, pain.] Pain in a ligament. Dessy's vac'cine. A polyvalent typhoid vaccine
desmogencus (dez-moj'en-us) [G. desmos, a band, made from cultures of a large number of strains
+ gennao, I produce.] Of connective-tissue or of the Bacillus typhosus.
ligamentous origin or causation, noting, e.g., a desternaliza'tion. Separation of the sternum from
deformity due to contraction of ligaments, fascia, the costal cartilages.
or a cicatrix. detergent (de-tur'jent) [L. detergere, to wipe off.]
desmog'raphy [G. desmos, band, + graphd, I I. Cleansing. 2. A cleansing or purging agent.
describe.] A description of, or treatise on, the deter'minant. i. A corporate particle, upon the
ligaments. presence of which in the germ cell and its multi-
des'moid [G. desmos, a band(tendon), + eidos, plication in the somatic cells developed therefrom
appearance, form.] Resembling in appearance depend the inherited characteristics of the future
a tendon or ligament; ligamentous, tendinous; of individual. 2. One of the lesser units com-
firm fibrous texture, noting a fibroid or scirrhous posed of an aggregation of biophores which go
tumor, d. reac'tion, a method of testing the to make up an id.
digestive power of the stomach by noting the determination (de-tur-mj-na'shun) [L. determinare,
time required for the solution of catgut methyl-
;
to limit, determine.] i. A change, for the
ITERMINATIOK 273 DEVITALIZE

letter or for the worse, in the course of a dis- deutobrochal (du-to-bro'kal) [G. deuteros, second,
ase. 2. A
general move toward a given point. -I- brochos, mesh.] Noting the second stage
I. of blood, congestion, hyperemia. in the development of the ovum, in which
erminer (de-tur'min-ur) Determinant (i).
. the nucleus enlarges and becomes oval in shape,
sr'sive. Detergent. and the chromatin becomes coarsely reticular.
iyroidism (de-thi'roy-dizm). A condition de- deutobro'mide. Of two compounds of bromine
lendent upon removal of the thyroid gland. with a base, the one which contains the greater
jr'tion. I. Distortion. 2. Correction of club- number of bromine atoms.
oot or other distortion. deutochlo'ride. Bichloride.
ozicate [de-toks'i-kat) [L. de, from, + ioxicum, deutoiodide (du-to-i'o-did). Biniodide.
loison.] To diminish or remove the poisonous deutomerite (du-tom'er-it) [G. deuteros, second +
[uality of any substance; to lessen the virulence meris, part.] The posterior nucleated portion of
if any pathogenic organism. an attached cephalont, separated by an ecto-
Qxica'tion. i. Recovery from the toxic effects plasmic septum from the anterior portion, or
if a drug. 2. Removal of the toxic properties primite.
rom a poison. deu'toplasm. Deuteroplasm, the nutritive portion
oxify (de-toks'K-fi) [L. de, from, + toxicum, of .the yolk made up
of numerous refractile fatty
)oison, +
facere, to make.] Detoxicate. and albuminoid bodies containing phosphorus
le's cutireac'tion (deh'treh) [Ladlslaus Deire, and various salts.
lungarian physician, contemporary.] See differ- deutoplas'mic. Relating to the deutoplasm.
mtial cutireaction.* deutopsyche (du-to-si'ke) [G. deuteros, second, +
cition (de-trish'un) [L. detritus; deierere, to rub psyche, soul.] Diencephalon.
iff.] A
wearing away by use or friction. deutoscolex (du-to-sko'leks) [G. deuteros, second, +
rubbed off.] Any
ritus (de-tri'tus) [L. detritus, skolex, worm.] A daughter-cyst of an echino-
jroken-down material, carious or gangrenous coccus.
natter, gravel, etc. deutospermatoblast (du-to-spur'ma-to-blast) [G.
runca'tion. Decapitation; removal and delivery of deuteros, second, -t- sperma, seed, + blastos, germ. ]
he trunk of the fetus, the head being impacted. A cell forming the spermatozoan, resulting from
ru'sor uri'nae [L. detrudere, to'push down.] See the division of the primary spermatoblast.
inder musculus. Deutsch's maneu'ver (doych) [Eugen Deutsch, Ger-
umescence (de-tu-mes'ens) [L. de, from, + man obstetrician, *i866.] When, in internal
umescere, to swell up.] Subsidence of a swelling. version, the fetus becomes wedged at the internal
itencephalon (dut-en-sef'i-lon) [G. deuteros, sec- strait, it is pushed up and rotated on the long
)nd, + enkephalos, brain.] Tween-brain, dien- axis of the body, thus facilitating the completion
;ephalon.* of version.
iteranopia (du-ter-an-o'pl-ah) [G. deuteros, sec- devel'opment [Fr. dSveloppement.] 1. Growth, ex-

>nd, + anofia.] Green-blindness, green being pansion. 2. Evolution.

;he second of the primary colors; see protanopia developmen'tal. Relating to or dependent upon
md tritanopia. development, d. grooves, the longitudinal
i"teroal'buinose. A
soluble albumose, precipi- lines on the outer surface of a tooth, d. lines,
;able by ammonium sulphate, d. grooves.
iiterocone (du'ter-o-kon) [G. deuteros, second, + Deven'ter's diam'eters [Hendrik Deventer, Dutch
konos, cone. ] The mesiolingual cusp of the up- obstetrician, 1651-1724.] The oblique diameters
per premolar tooth in a mammal. of the pelvic brim. D.'s pel'vis, a pelvis with
uteroconid (du"ter-o-kon'id) . The mesio- shortened anteroposterior diameter.
ingual cusp of the lower premolar tooth in a Devergie's disease' (de-ver-zhe') [Marie Guillaume
Tiammal. MphoiiseDevergie, French physician, 1798-1879.]
iterofi'brinose. A product of the digestion of Pityriasis rubra pila is.
ibrin. deviation (de-vi-a'shuu) [L. de from, + via, way.]
iteroglob'ulose. A product of the digestion of 1. Deflection, a, turning away or aside from the

aaraglobulin. normal point or course. 2. A

form of degeneracy
iteromy'osinose. A
product of the digestion of in which, combined with mental and physical
nyosin. soundness, there is an almost indefinable depar-
Lteropathic (du"ter-o-path'ik). Relating to a ture in some direction from the normal average of
lecondary affection, or deuteropathy. the mental processes, con'jugate d., the turning
iterop'athy [G. deuteros, second, + pathos, suffer- of two parts equally and simultaneously in the
ng.] A secondary disease or symptom, one same direction, d. of com'plexnent, see comple-
esulting from the primary disease. ment, d. to the left, in a white-cell formula, in-
iteroplasm (du'ter-o-plazm) [G. deuteros, second, dicating the presence of immature forms, d. to

4- plasma, thing formed.] Deutoplasm. the right, in a white-cell formula, indicating the
iteroproteose (du"ter-o-pro'te-6z) [G. deuteros, absence of immature forms. primary' d., the
lecond, proteose.'] Secondary proteose, re- direction of the squinting eye away from the
-I-

lembling peptone more nearly than native protein. object when the latter is fixed by the sound eye.
iterotocia (du-ter-o-to'si-ah) [G. deuteros, sec-
sec'ondary d., the turning of the normal eye
md, -I- tokos, birth. ] Deuterotoky. away from the object when the latter is fixed by
titerotoky (du-ter-ot'o-ki). Deuterotocia, a the squinting eye.
device (de-vis') [L. divisus; dividere, to devide.] A
orm of parthenogenesis in which the female has
both sexes.
contrivance or instrument designed for a specific
jfEspring of
iterotox'in. A
hypothetical form of toxin in purpose.
:ertain bacterial cultures, which has less marked
deviom'eter. A
form of strabismometer.
ifiinity for antitoxin than has prototoxin.
devisceration (de-vis-ur-a'shun) [L. de-, away, -{-
Biniodide. viscera.] Evisceration.
itiodide (du-ti'o-did).
itip'ara [G. deuteros, second, -I- L. parere, to devi'talize [L. de-, away, -f- vita, life.] To deprive
of vitality or of vitalizing properties.
jear.] Secundipara.
18
 ;

DEVOLUTION 274 DIABETES

devolu'tion [L. devolvere, to roll down.] Involution •

dextrop'edal [L. dexter, right, + pes(ped-), foot.]
catabolism degeneration.
;
Right-footed; noting one who uses the right leg
Dew's meth'od. Byrd*-Dew method. in preference to the left, in hopping, for instance.
dew-cure. The practice of walking with bare feet dextrophobia (deks-tro-fo'bi-ah)[L. dexter, right,
in the dew-moistened grass as a therapeutic -)- G. phobos, fear. ] Fear of objects on the
measure; one of the practices of Kneippism. right side of the body.
Dewees' carmin'ative (de-wez') [William Potts dextroro'tatoiy [L. dexter, right, -|- rotare, to turn.]
Dewees, Philadelphia obstetrician, 1768-1841.] Turning the plane of polarization to the right,
Mistura magnesise, asafcetidas et opii (N.F.); noting certain crystals, and solutions of dextrin,
tincture ofopium i, tincture of asafetida 7.5, dextrose, tartaric acid, and various other sub-
magnesium carbonate 5, sugar 10, water to make stances.
100; dose, 5^-4(2.0-16.0). D.'s sign, the preg- dextrorse'. Turning downward from left to right,
nant woman expectorates a tough whitish mu- noting a screw or spiral, certain climbing plants,
cus, the sputum having the appearance of a sil- etc. Some of the older botanists used the term
ver coin. D.'s tinc'ture of guai'ac, guaiac 4 in the opposite sense of an upward turn from left
ounces, sodium (or potassium) carbonate 90 to right.
grains, allspice i ounce, spirit of ammonia, I dextros?ccharin (deks-tro-sak'ar-in). A
compound
fiuidounce, alcohol 15 fluidounces; dose 5i-i of dextrose and saccharin, in the proportion of
(2.0-4.0). 2000 to I
dew-point. The temperature at which the moisture dextrose (dek'stroz) [L. dexter, right.] Dextro-
in the atmosphere is precipitated in the form of glucose, starch-sugar; grape-sugar, CeHuO,; a
dew. dextrorotatory monosaccharid (hexose) found,
dexiocar'dia. Dextrocardia. usually with levulose, in many sweet fruits; it is
dexiotrop'ic [G. dexios, right, +
tropos, a turning.] the form of sugar chiefly excreted in diabetes
Right-wound, running in a spiral from left to mellitus.
right opposed to levotropic.
; dex"trosinis'tral [L. dexter, right, + sinister, left.]
dex'ter, f. dexira, neut. dexirum [L.] Right (abbre- In a direction from right to left.
viation, D.). dextrosu'ria. Glycosuria, excretion of dextrose in
dextrad (deks'trad) [L. dexter, right, H- ad, to.] the urine.
Toward the right side. dextrotor'sion [L. dexter, right, -\- torsio, a twisting.]
dextral'ity. Right-handedness. A twisting to the right; the condition of a dex-
dex'tran, dex'trane. A gum, CjHijOj, derived from trorse spiral.
molasses, unripe beet-root, and other substances. dextrotrop'ic, dextrot'ropous [L. dexter, right, G. +
dex'trase [dextr{ose) + A
sugar-splitting
-ore.] tropos, a turn.] Turning to the right.
enzyme which converts dextrose into lactic acid. dextrover'sion [L. dexter, right, +
vertere, to turn.]
dextraural (dek-straw'ral) [L. dexter, right, -I- auris, Version toward the right.
ear.] Right-eared; noting one who hears more dezy'motize. To disinfect, to remove or destroy
distinctly with the right ear. ferments or pathogenic microorganisms.
dextrine (deks'tren) [L. dexter, right.] British dhobie itch (do'be). Epidermophytosis.
gum; one of a group of dextrorotatory carbo- diabftte bronzfi (de-a-bef bron-za') [Fr.] Bronzed
hydrates formed during the hydrolysis of diabetes.*
starch; by further hydrolysis it is converted into diabetes (di-ah-be'tez) [G.] A
term used to desig-
dextrose, ani'mal d., glycogen. nate two diseases, d. insipidus and d. mellitus,
dex'trinase. A ferment which converts starch into having the symptom polyuria in common; when
isomaltose. employed without qualification it signifies d.
dex'trinate. To convert into dextrin. mellitus. alimen'tary d., alimentary glycosuria.
dextri'num. Dextrin, d. al'bum (N.F.), white Hanot's* disease, bronzed d., marked
bil'iary d.,
dextrin, a mixture of several soluble dextrins hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver with extensive
with some unconverted starch. pigmentation of the viscera (hemochromatosis),
dextrinu'ria. The passage of dextrin in the urine. associated with glycosxuia. cer'ebral d., cerebro-
dex"trocar'dia. Malposition of the heart which suria, the excretion of cerebrose in the urine.
occupies the right side of the chest. compos'ite d., a very severe form of d. mellitus in
dextrococaine (dek"stro-ko'kah-en). A dextro- which a monosaccharid is formed even from pro-
rotatory form of cocaine, differing in several tein, so that a carbohydrate-free diet fails to
respects from ordinary cocaine, which is levo- cause the disappearance of sugar from the urine,
rotatory: its hydrochloride is less soluble than con'jujal d., d. affecting husband and wife at the
the official salt. same time. d. decip'iens [L. decipere, to cheat],
dex"trocom'pound. A dextrorotatory compound. d. mellitus without polyuria and consequent
dextroc'ular [L. dexter, right, -t- oculus, eye.] Right- thirst to warn of its presence, d. insip'idus, the
eyed noting one who uses the right eye by pref-
; habitual excretion of large amounts of pale urine
erence in monocular work, such as the use of the of low specific gravity, not containing sugar, by
microscope. a person who may be otherwise in apparent health
dextroduc'tion. Movement of the visual axis dex- in many cases the only non-urinary symptom is an
trad, or toward the right. excessive thirst caused directly by the excessive
dex'trof orm. A compound of dextrin and formalde- loss of fluid, d. melli'tus [L. sweetened with
hyde, used locally, in solution, in the treatment of honey], a disease of metabolism in which sugar
suppurative inflammations of the mucous mem- is excreted continuously in larger or smaller

brane. quantities in the urine and is also present in the

dex"troglu'cose Dextrose. blood; the amoiuit of urine is greatly increased,
dextrogyrate dextrogyrous (dek-stro-ji'rat, dek-stro- and the patient suffers from excessive thirst,
ji'rus) [L. dexter, right, -|- gyrare, to turn.] Dex- sometimes bulimia, and progressive emaciation.
trorotatory. lipog'enous d., d. and obesity combined, masked
dextroman'ual [L. dexter, right, H- matms, hand.] d., d. decipiens. pancreat'ic d., d. evidently
Righthanded. dependent upon a pancreatic lesion, phlor'idziii
 .

ABETES 27s DIAL CIBA

r phlor'izin d., marked glycosuria following the breaking.] i. Refraction. 2. A

fracture pro-
xperimental administration of phloridzin. phos- duced intentionally, usually for the correction of
ihat'ic d., phosphaturia, polyuria associated with a deformity.
maciation, furunculosis, and other symptoms of di'acoele diacoe'lia [G. dia, through, hoilia, a +
liabetes mellitus, with an abnormal excretion of hollow.] The third ventricle of the brain.
ihosphates, without sugar, in the urine, punc'- diacrinous (di-ak'ri-nus) [G. dia, through, +
ure d., experimental d. produced in animals by krino, I separate.] Excreting by simple passage,
>uncture of the floor of the fourth ventricle of the as it were, through the cell; distinguished from
irain. ptyocrinous.
bet'ic . Relating to or suffering from diabetes
I. diacrit'ic. A
diacritical mark or symptom.
I. A subject of diabetes,
d. punc'ture, Bernard's diacrit'ical [G. diakritikos, able to distinguish.]
juncture, an experimental puncture in the floor Distinguishing, allowing of distinction diagnostic. ;

if the fourth ventricle which is followed by diad. Dyad.

[lycosuria. diaderphous [Q.'di-, two, + adelphos, brother.] In
betide (di-ah-be'ted) [Fr.] A
skin eruption oc- botany, noting stamens grouped in two sets
iiuring as a manifestation of diabetes. united by their filaments.
be'tin. Trade name for pure crystallized levu- diaderm (di'ah-durm) [G. dia, through, + derma,
ose employed instead of cane-sugar in diabetes. skin.] The blastoderm with two layers ecto- —
betogen'ic [G. gennao, 1 produce.] i. Causing derm and entoderm, constituting the diblastula.
liabetes. 2. Caused by diabetes. diadochocinesia, diadochocinesis (di-ad-o-ko-sin-e'-
betogenous (di-S-bS-toj'en-us). Diabetogenic, se-ah; di-ad-o-ko-sin-e'sis) [G. diadochos, work-
betograph (di-ah-be'to-graf) [G. grapho, I write.] ing in turn, + kinesis, movement.] The normal
Vn instrument for registering on a scale the pro- power of alternately bringing a limb into opposite
portionate amount of sugar contained in the urine positions, as of flexion and extension or of pro-
n diabetes. nation and supination.
betom'eter [G. metron, measure.] form of A diadochocinetic (di-ad-o-ko-sin-et'ic). Relating to
polariscope devised for the determination of the diadochocinesia.
presence and amount of sugar in diabetic urine. diadochokine'sia, diadochokinet'ic. Diadochocin-
bro'sis [G. diabrosis, an eating through.] A esia, diadochocinetic.
;orrosion perforation by an ulcer.
;
diagnose (di-ag-noz') [G. diagignoskd, I distinguish.]
brot'ic I. Corroding. 2. A
corrosive. To determine the nature of a disease; to make a
.cetanilide (di-as"e-tan^-lid). A
substance ob- diagnosis diagnosticate.
;

tained from acetanilide by the action of heat and diagno'sis [G. diagnosis, a deciding.] The deter-
glacial acetic acid; its action is similar to that of mination of the nature of a disease, clin'ical d,,
acetanUide. (i) a d. made from a study of the symptoms only;
icetate (di-as'e-tat). A
salt of diacetic acid. (2) a recognition of the symptoms of a disease
Lcete'mia. A
form of acidosis due to the presence without reference to its pathology, d. by
of diacetic acid in the blood. ezclu'sion, a d. made by excluding those affections
ice'tic acid. An
acid, CH3.CO.CH2COOH, to which some of thesymptoms belong, leaving
sometimes found in the urine m
diabetes and only one to which all the symptoms point.
other states associated with acidosis; called also the determination as to which of
difieren'tial d.,
acetoacetic acid. two or more diseases with similar symptoms it is
icetin (di-as'e-tin) . Acetidin glyceryl diacetate. that the patient is suffering from, lab'oratory d.,
tcetonu'ria. Diaceturia. a d. made by a chemical, microscopical, or bac-
iceturia (di-as-e-tu'rl-ah). The excretion of di- teriological study of the various secretions and
acetic acid in the urine. discharges, pathological d., (i) a diagnosis
icetylmorphina (di-a-set'il-mor-fe'nah) (U.S.). (sometimes a post-mortem d.)made from a study
Diacetylmorphine, heroine, an alkaloid, of the lesions present; (2) a diagnosis of the path-
Ci7Hi7(O.C2H30)20N, prepared from morphine ological conditions present, determined by a
by acetylization; employed for the relief of study and comparison of the symptoms, phys'-
sough in doses of gr. ^"[ttV (0.003-0.005). di- ical d., a d. made by means of physical measures,
acetylmorphi'nse hydrochlor'idum (U.S.), di- such as auscidtation, percussion, palpation, and
acetylmorphine hydrochloride, heroine hydro- inspection.
jhloride, a white crystalline odorless powder, diagnos'tic. Relating to or aiding in diagnosis.
soluble in alcohol and in two parts of water; diagnos'ticate [G. diagnostikos, able to discriminate.]
smployed for the relief of cough and in the treat- To diagnose.
ment of asthma, in doses of gr. jVtV (0.003- diagnostician (di-ag-nos-tish'an). One who is ex-
D.OOS).
perienced in making diagnoses.
.chorema (di-S-ko-re'mah) [G. diachdrema, excre- di'agram [G. diagramma.] A
schematic picture,
nent.] Excrement, feces. one that gives the salient features in a few lines,
.choresis (di-a-ko-re'sis) [G. diachoresis, excre- without being an exact representation of the
flo'ral d., flower-plan, the diagrammatic
tion.] Defecation; the discharge of excrement object,
Dr any excretion. plan of a flower,
:chylon (di-ak'i-lon) [G. diachylos, juicy.] Lead diagrammatic [G. diagramma, a diagram.] Re-
emplastrum* plumbi. d. oint'ment, lating to a diagram; of the nature of a dia-
plaster,
tmguentum* diachylon, d. plas'ter, emplastrum* gram rather than an exact representation;
plumbi. yel'Iow d., galbanum plaster, composed schematic.
3f turpentine 2, galbanum 16, Burgundy pitch 6,
di'agraph. An instrument by which one can
mechanically trace the outlines of a part.
lead plaster 76; this was official in the U.S.P.,
t88o.
di'al [L. dies, day.] A clock-face, astigmat'ic d.,

.cid (di-as'id) [G. dis, twice, +

L. actdus, acid.] a diagram of radiating lines, usually in series of
replaceable hydroxyl three or four, numbered like the dial of a watch,
Noting a base having two
jroups.
employed as a rough test for astigmatism.
icU'sia, diac'lasis [G. dia, through, + klasis, n. dial ciba (di'al si'bah). Trade name of a prepara-
DIAL CIBA 276 DIAPOPHYSIS

diallylbarbituric acid, employed as a diaphragm (di'ah-fram) [G. diaphragma, a partition

tion of
hypnotic in doses of if to 4 grains. wall.] I. phren,
MidrifE, the musculomem-
diallyl (di-al'il). Noting a compound containing branous partition between the abdominal and
two allyl molecules. thoracic cavities; it is two-dome shaped with
dialuram'ic acid. Uranilic acid. concavities toward the abdomen; the upper sur-
dialypet'alous [G. dialyo, I separate, + peialon, leaf, face is in relation with the heart and lungs, the
petal.] Polypetalous. under surface with the liver, stomach, and
dialysate (di-al'i-sat). Anything separated from a spleen. 2. A thin disc pierced with a hole of

solution by dialysis. definite size, used in a microscope, camera, or

dialysep'alous [G. dialyo, I separate, +
L. sepalum, other optical instrument in order to shut out
sepal.] Polysepalous. the marginal rays of light, thus giving a more
dial'ysis [G. a separation.] i. The separation of direct illumination, d. phenom'enon, (i) Litten's
crystalloid from colloid substances in a solution phenomenon, a lowering of the line of retraction
by interposing an animal membrane between on the side of the chest (marking the insertion of
the solution and pure water; the crystalloid sub- the diaphragm) during inspiration, and elevation
stances pass through the membrane into the of the same during expiration; it is absent in
water on the other side, the colloids do not. 2 cases of distention of the pleural sac; see
A fracture or solution of continuity of the soft paradoxical d. phenomenon; (2) retraction of
parts. 3. Weakness, loss of strength. the lower ribs synchronous with the cardiac
di'alyze. To perform dialysis, to separate a sub- systole in tetany, paradoz'ical d. phenom'-
stance from a solution by means of dialysis. enon, in cases of pyopneumothorax or hydro-
di'alyzer. A membrane for use in dialysis. pneumothorax, the diaphragm of the affected
diamalt (di'ah-mawlt). Trade name of a malt side rises during inspiration and sinks during
preparation containing about 64 per cent, sugar, expiration, pel'vic d., a shallow funnel-like
dextrin 13 per cent., and protein 6.5 per cent. partition formed by the levator ani and coccygeus
diam'eter [G. diametros; dia, through, + metron, muscles and their fasciae; it is deficient anteriorly
measure.] i. A straight line connecting two leaving a space closed by the diaphragma uro-
opposite points on the surface of a more or less genitale.
spherical or cylindrical body, or at the boundary diaphrag'ma [G.] Diaphragm, d. pel'vis [BNA],
of an opening or foramen, passing through the diaphragm of the pelvis, the levatores ani and the
center of such body or opening. ^. The distance coccygei on either side of the inner surface of
measured along such a line. the pelvis, d. sel'lte [BNA], tentorium of the
diamide (di'a,-mid, di'5-inid). An amide derived hypophysis, a fold of dura mater extending
from a double molecule of ammonia, the atoms of transversely across the sella and roofing over
hydrogen being replaced by acid radicals. the hypophysis or pituitary body; it is per-
diamine (di'S-men, di'S-min). An amine derived forated in its center for the passage of the infun-
from a double molecule of ammonia, the atom of dibulum. d. urogenita'le [BNA], triangular
hydrogen being replaced by hydrocarbon radicals. ligament, urogenital trigone; a musculomem-
diaminu'ria. The presence of diamines in the branous structure filling the space under the pubic
urine. arch not closed by the pelvic diaphragm.
diam'ylene. Dipentene. diaphragmal'gia [G. algos, pain.] Pain in the
diapason (di-ah-pa'zun) [G. diapason.'\ Tuning- diaphragm, diaphragmodynia.
fork, used in determining the presence and degree diaphragmat'ic. Relating to the diaphragm.
of deafness. diaphragmatitis (di-a-frag-ma-ti'(te')tis). Inflam-
diapede'sis [G. dia, through, pedao, I leap.] The mation of the diaphragm.
transudation of blood or any of its formed ele- diaphragmatocele (di"ah-frag-mat'o-sSl) [G. kele,
ments, especially the erythrocytes, through the hernia.] Hernia through an opening in the dia-
unruptured walls of the blood-vessels. phragm.
diaphane (di'ah-fan) [G. diaphanes, transparent.] diaphragmitis (di-a-frag-mi'(me')tis). Diaphrag-
The membrane or layer of hardened protoplasm matitis.
forming the cell-wall. di"aphragmodyn'ia [G. odyne, pain.] Diaphrag-
diaphasom'eter [G. diaphanes, transparent, -H malgia, pain in the diaphragm.
metron, measure.] An instrument for testing diaph'therin. Oxyquinaseptol.
fluids by their varying degrees of transparency. diaph'thol. Quinaseptol.
diaphanom'etry [G. diaphanes, transparent, + diaph'ysis [G. a growing through.] i. The shaft
metron, measure.] The determination of the de- of a long bone as distinguished from the epiphyses,
,

gree of translucency of a fluid, such as the or extremities, and apophyses, or outgrowths.

urine. diaphysitis (di-a-fl-si'(se')tis). Inflammation of
diaphan'oscope [G. diaphanes, transparent, -I- the shaft of a long bone.
skoped, I examine.] An instrument for illumin- diaplasis [G. a putting in shape.] Setting of a frac-
ating the interior of a cavity in order to deter- ture or reduction of a dislocation; dlorthosls.
mine the translucency of its walls. di'aplex. Diaplexus.
diaphanos'copy. Examination of u cavity, such diaplez'al. Relating to the diaplexus.
as the antrum of Highmore, by means of the diaplex'us [G. dia, through, + L. plexus.] The
diaphanoscope. choroid plexus of the third ventricle.
diaphemetric (di"a-fe-met'rik) [G. dia, through, + dlapne'a, diapnoe'a. Diapnoe.
haphe, touch, + metron, measiire.] Relating to diapne'ic, diapnoe'ic. Diapnoic.
the determination of the degree of tactile sensi- diapnoe (di-ap'no-e) [G. diapnoe, a wind-passage.]
bility. Perspiration, especially insensible perspiration.
diaphore'sis [G. diaphoresis; dia, through, +
phoreo, diapno'ic. i Relating to, or causing perspiration,
.

I carry.] Perspiration, sweating. especially insensible perspiration, a. A mild

diaphoret'ic. i. Relating to, or causing, perspira- sudorific.
tion. J. An agent which increases the secretion diapnot'ic. Diapnoic.
of the sweat. diapoph'ysis [G. dia, through, -f apophysis, an
/VPOPHYSIS 277 DIATHESIN

Efslioot.] The transverse process of a vertebra; ration of an epiphysis from the shaft of a long
le upper transverse process of the neural arch bone, occurring in the young without fracture of
E a vertebra. the bone. 2. Any simple separation of normally
lye'sis [G.] Suppuration. joined parts, as the longitudinal splitting of the
lyet'ic. Relating to, or causing suppuration.
I. rectus abdominis muscle sometimes seen in preg-
. Anything provoking suppuration. nancy.
e'mia. Diarrhemia. diastasum (di-as-ta'sum) [G. a difference,
diastasis,
rhea, diarrhoea (di-ah-re'ah) [G. dia, through, + separation.] (U.S.) mixture of
Diastase, a
ioio, a flow, a fiux.] An abnormally frequent amylolytic enzymes prepared from an infusion
ischarge of more or less fluid fecal matter from of malt; used in cases of starch indigestion in
le bowel, cholera'ic d., summer d. Co'chin doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0).
hi'na d., psUosis. crap'ulous d., d. due to ex- diastat'ic. i. Relating to diastase. 2. Relating
ssses at table, d. al'ba, white flux; (i) celiac* to a diastasis.
isease; (2) hill d.; (3) sprue (2). d. chylo'sa, diaste'ma, pi. diaste'mata [diastema, an interval.]
sliac* disease, d. urino'sa, polyuria, dysenter'- X, A fissure or abnormal opening in any part,
; d., a form in which the stools contain much especially if congenital, a. An interval between
lucus and may be streaked with blood, hill d., a two teeth, not occurring normally in man, but
lorning d., attended with tympanites, affecting seen in dogs and many other of the lower ani-
luropeans resident in India when visiting the mals. 3. The angle formed by the lingual sur-
lountains. lienter'ic d., lientery, d. in which un- face of the upper canine or cuspid tooth and
igested food appears in the stools, mechan'lcal the proximal or anterior surface of the premolar,
., d. due to obstruction to the portal circulation. into which the lower canine fits when the jaws
lom'ing d., a form in which there are several are closed.
lose stools in the early morning and during the diaste"matocra'nia [G. diastemaidiastemat-), an
5renoon, the bowels being quiet diu'ing the re- interval, -f kranion, skull.] Congenital sagittal
lainder of the day and night, mu'cous d., d. fissure of the skull.
dth the presence of considerable mucus in the diaste"matomye'lia [G. diastema(diasiemat-), inter-
tools; mucomembranous enteritis, sand d., d. val, +
myelon, marrow.] Spina bifida, especially
ccurring in cities on the Great Lakes following one involving a large part of the spine.
finter storms which soil the water supply, se'- diaste"inatopye'lia [G. diastemaidiastemat-), inter-
ous d., d. characterized by watery stools, sum'- val, +
pyelos,a. pan(pelvis).] Congenital separa-
ler d., d. of infants in hot weather, usually an tion between the pubic bones.
cute gastroenteritis due to the presence of a mi- dias'ter [G. di-, two, -t- aster, star.] The double-
roorganism resembling the dysentery bacillus. star figure in mitosis, formed just before the
rop'ical d., sprue (2). vica'rious d., d. caused by division of the nucleus.
n attempt on the part of the economy to relieve diastole (di-as'to-le) [G. diastole, dilatation.] The
iself of water or excrementitious matters nor- dilatation of the heart cavities, during which
lally excreted by other channels, wat'ery d., they fill with blood; the diastole of the atria
erous d. white d., d. alba. precedes that of the ventricles; diastole alternates
Themia, diarrhasmia (di-S-re'ir^-ah) [G. dia, rhythmically with systole or contraction of the
hrough, + haima, blood (?).] Hydremia, with heart musculature, reflex' d., reflex vasodilata-
ropsy, in the sheep. tion; when the skin is stroked with a pressure of
rsenol (di-ar'sen-ol). Name given to the about two ounces by a hard smooth object, such
Canadian manufactured salvarsan. as the end of a pen-holder, there is first a red-
rthric (di-ar'thrik) [G. di-, two, + arthron. dened line followed in a few seconds by a white
Dint. ] Biartictdar, relating to two joints. line lasting a minute or two,
•throsis (di-ar-thro'sis) [G. articulation.] Mov- diastoric. Relating to the diastole.
ble joint, one in which the opposing bones are not diataxia (di-a,-taks'i-ah) [G. di-, two, -I- ataxia.]
Dined by a solid medium, but merely held in Ataxia affecting both sides of the body, as dis-
pposition, and can move more or less freely upon tinguished from hemiataxia.* cer'ebral d., the
ach other. ataxic type of cerebral birth palsy, the lesion
rticular (di-ai-tik'u-lar) [G. di-, two, + L. ar- being supposed to be a meningeal hemorrhage
cuius, joint.] Biarticular, diarthric.
'
with thrombosis of the central veins on both
ichisis (di-as'ld-sis) [G. a splitting.] A sudden sides anterior to the fissiure of Rolando; the
ihibition of function produced by an acute focal sensory counterpart of spastic diplegia, or
isturbance in a portion of the brain at a distance Little's disease.
rom the original seat of injury, but anatomically diate'la [G. dia, through, between, -f L. tela, web.]
onneoted with it through fiber tracts. Velum interpositum, tela chorioidea ventriculi
ipirin (di-as'pi-rin). Trade name of the suc- tertii.

inic acid ester of salicylic acid, a white powder of diather'mal [G. dia, through, + thermos, heat.]
slightly acidulous taste, containing 77.1 per Diathermanous.
ent. of salicylic acid; employed in rheumatism, diather'manous [G. dia, through, + thermaino, I
leurisy, pericarditis, and influenza in doses of heat.] Permeable by heat rays
r. 5-15 (0.3-1.0).
diather'mia, diather'my [G. dia, through, thermS,+
ital'tic [G. dia, through, + stello, I send.] Reflex. heat.] Local elevation of temperature in the
tissues, produced by a special form of high-fre-
3tase (di'as-tas), A
ferment occurring in
lants, which has the property of converting
quency current ;transthermia, thermopenetration.
diather'mic. Relating to diathermy, d. ther'apy,
tarch into sugar; a preparation containing
is employed in cases of indigestion of
-.
starchy treatment of lupus, cancer, and other local lesions
Dods; see diastasum.
by means of diathermy.
tasimetry (di"as-ta-sim'e-tri) [diastase _G. + diath'esin. Salicylic CfHjOj, a phenol
alcohol,
Determination of the activity alcohol obtained from sometimes em-
salicin;
leiron, measure.]
ployed in rheumatism in doses of gr. 7^—15
f a diastatic enzyme,
itasis fdi-as'ta-sis) [G. a separation.] i. Sepa- (o.s-i.o).
DIATHESIS 278 DICLINOUS

diath'esis [G. arrangement, condition.] A consti- dicar'bonate. Bicarbonate.

tutional state predisposing to any disease or group dicelous, diccelous (di-se'lus) [G. di-, two, + koilos,
of diseases, contrac'tural d., a tendency to con- hollow.] Having two cavities or two surface
tractures in hysteria, cys'tic d., a condition in excavations.
which multiple cysts form in the liver, kidneys, diceph'alous. Having two heads.
and other organs, dar'trous d., a predisposition diceph'alus [G. di-, two, -I- kephale, head.] A
to herpes, eczema, and certain other cutaneous monster with two heads.
disorders, ex'udative d., a predisposition to
dichasium [di-ka'sl-um) [G. dichasis, division.] A
interstitial and subcutaneous serous or fibrinous
cyme in which the lateral shoots are arranged
infiltrations; the subjects suffer from swollen
in opposite pairs.
lymph nodes, thickening of the tongue, pruritus,
dichlamydeous (di-klam-id'e-us) [G. di-, two, +
seborrhea, gastric and cardiac crises; the
chlaynys{chlaniyd-),cloak.] Noting a flower
condition is aggravated by pilocarpine, but
having both calyx and corolla, or a double
favorably affected by atropine and ad-
perianth.
renalin, gout'y d., goutiness, hemorrhag'ic
d., hemophilia, neuropathic d., an inherited or dichloralantipyxine (di-kIo"ral-an tl-pi'ren). An
congenital condition marked by an unstable, analgesic and hypnotic compound of chloral and
inadequate, or overirritable nervous system. antipyrine given in doses of gr. 10-13 (0.6-1.0)."
rheu'mic d., dartrous d. spasmodic d., a consti- dichloramlne-T (di-klor-am'en-te). Toluene-h-sul-
tutional tendency to convulsions especially in phonedichloramine, a yellowish white crystalline
childhood, stru'mous d., scrofulous disposition, substance, of a sweetish rather pungent chlorous
a predisposition to glandular swellings, uric- odor, nearly insoluble in water, but soluble in oil;
acid d., a supposed tendency to the formation of employed as an antiseptic, usually in solution in
uric acid in excess, with resulting rheumatic and some preparation of paraffin oil.
gouty symptoms. dichlorethyl sulphide (di-klor-eth'il-sul'fid). One
diathet'ic. Relating to a diathesis. of the forms of mustard gas, a gas first used
diatomic. Noting a chemical compound or radical by the Germans in the world war; contact
having two atoms specifically a hydrate in which
; with the skin causes vesication and sloughing,
two hydrogen atoms are united to the radical by and inhalation often results in broncho-
oxygen. pneumonia.
diatuss'in. Trade name of a remedy prepared dichlorhy'drin. A colorless, odorless fluid prepared
from thymus and pinguicula, recommended for by heating anhydrous glycerin with 2^ parts of
bronchitis, asthma, and whooping cough in doses sulphior monochloride; a solvent of resins.
of I to 5 drops in a little water. dichlo'ride. Bichloride.
diax'on, diaz'one [G. di-, two, + axon, axis.] Hav- dichlormeth'ane. Methylene bichloride.
ing two neuraxons, noting a nerve-cell* of the dichlormethylether (di-klor-meth-il-e'thur) One .

third type, or Cajal's cell. of the forms ot mustard gas* used in warfare.
diazo- (di-az'o) [G. di-, two, -{- Fr. azote, nitrogen.] dichogamy (di-kog'am-I) [G. dicha, asunder, +
A prefix denoting a compound containing two gamos, marriage.] In botany, maturity of an-
linked nitrogen atoms, united to an aromatic thers and stigma, or andrecium and gynecium, of
group and to an acid radical, diazo-reac'tion, an hermaphrodite flower at different times, thus
Ehrlich's reaction; a reaction obtained by preventing self-fertilization.
treating the urine in the manner to be described; dichotomy (di-kot'o-me) [G. dichoiomia, a cutting in
it has an uncertain diagnostic value in typhoid two.] I. Division into two parts, a. The pay-
'fever and an unfavorable prognostic value in ment of a commission to, or division of the fee
tuberculosis. To t inch of urine in the test- with, the genera practitioner by the consultant
tube are added a, like amount of a saturated or surgeon.
solution of pure sulphanilic acid in 5 per cent. dichrolc [G. di-, two, + chrda, color.] Relating to
hydrochloric acid, and 2 drops of i per cent, sol- dichroism.
ution of sodium nitrate; this is shaken until an dichroism (di'kro-izm). The property of seeming
abundant froth forms and then a little spirit to be differently colored when seen under dif-
of ammonia is poured down the side of the tube. ferent aspects.
A positive reaction is indicated by a pink dichromic (di-kro'mik). Dichromate (1).
coloration of the froth and sometimes, but less dichro'mate (di-kro'mat). i. A color-blind person
certainly, by a claret color of the subjacent urine. who can distinguish two colors, usually two
diazoma (di-JL-zo'mah) [G.] Diaphragm. complementary colors, -x. Bichromate.
diazyme (di'S-zim). Trade name of a preparation dichromatic [G. di-, two, + chrotna, color.] i.
said to contain the amylolytic enzyme of the pan- Having two colors. 2. Noting a partially color-
creatic juice without the other ferments; em- blind person who can distinguish but two colors.
ployed in starchy indigestion in doses of 3i~2 dichromophil, dichromophile (di-kro'mo-fil, di-
(4.0-8.0) of the essence or glycerole. kro'mo-fil) [G. di-, two, -\- chroma, color, -I- philos,
diba'sic [G. di-, two, -I- basis, base.] Bibasic; fond.] Taking a double stain, noting a tissue or
having two replaceable hydrogen atoms, noting cell taking both acid and basic dyes in different
an acid with a basicity of 2. parts.
diblas'tula. An embryonal sac having two cell- dicinchonine (di-sin'ko-nin). A cinchona alka-
layers, ectoderm and entoderm. loid found chiefly in red bark.
Dibothrioceph'alUB [G. di-, two, -I- bothrion, dim. of dicliditis (dik-«-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of a
bothros, a pit, + kephale, head.] A genus of valve, especially a cardiac valve; valvulitis.
Cestoidea or tapeworms; see Boihriocephalus. diclidot'omy [G. diklis(diklid-), valve, ^- iome, in-
dibro'mide. A bromide containing twice as many cision.] Operation of cutting a valve, especially
bromine atoms as the monobromide. incision of the rectal folds valvotomy.
;

dibTomogalllc acid. Gallobromol. di'cUnous [G. di-, two, -)- kline, a bed.] In botany
dlcal'cic. Noting a chemical compound having two unisexual, noting flowers having only stamens
calcium atoms in each molecule. or pistils; opposed to hermaphrodite.
 ;

[CORIA 279 DIFFERENTIAL

loria (di-ko'ri-ah) [G. di-, two, + kore, pupil.] dielectric (di-e-lek'trik) [G. dia, through.] Trans-
Diplocoria. mitting electric effects, although a non-con-
iroce'lium, Dicrocoe'lium [G. dikroos, forked, + ductor, d. con'stant, the inductive capacity
koilia, bowels.] A
genus of Trematoda or flukes. of an insulating medium.
D. lancea'tum, Fasciola lanceolata, Distomum dielectroly'sis [G. dia, through.] Cataphoresis.
lanceolatum, lancet fluke, inhabiting the gall diencephalon (di-en-sef'a-lon) [G. dia, through, +
bladder of many mammals, but rarely found in enkephalos, brain.] [BNA]. The inter-brain,
man. D. lanceola'tum, D. lanceatum. between-brain, or 'tween-brain, the posterior
rot'ic [G. di-, two, + krotos, a beating.] Relating division of the prosencephalon from which
bo dicrotism, noting a pulse with two beats for are developed the posterior part of the third
sach cardiac systole, d. notch, the notch in a ventricle, the optic thalami, pineal body,
pulse-tracing which precedes the second or pituitary body, interpenduncular structures,
dicrotic wave. d. pulse, one with two well- and the optic nerve and retina. .

marked beats for each ventricular contraction. die-plate. A die used in swaging or in making
1. wave, the second rise in the tracing of a dicrotic artificial cap-crowns.
pulse. dieresis (di-er'e-sis) [G. diairesis, a division.]
I'rotism. The condition of a, piilse having two Solution of continuity.
beats to each cardiac systole. dieietic (di-er-et'ik) . Relating to dieresis; divid-
;tion (dik'shun) [L. dicere, to speak.] The choos- ing, ulcerating, corroding.
ing of words and their grammatical arrangement diesoph'agus. Dloesophagus.
in sentences to express thought. diestrum (di-es'trum) [G. di-, two, -I- oistros, a
lac'tic [G. didasko, I teach ] Instructive noting ; mad desire.] An interval of abnormally short
specifically medical
instruction given by set duration between two periods of heat in an animal.
lectures or text-books, as distinguished from di'et [G. diaita.J i. Food and drink in general,
clinical instruction with the patient present. z. A prescribed course of eating and drinking, in
lactylism (di-dak'til-izm) [G. di-, two, -f- daktylos, which the amount and kind of food, as well as
finger or toe.] The condition of having but two the times at which it is to be taken, are regu-
fingers on a hand or two toes on a foot. lated by the physician. 3. To take only simple
iel'phic [G. di-, two, -t- delphys, womb.] Having and easily digestible food in moderate amount
Dr relating to a double uterus. di'etary. i. Relating to the diet. 2. Diet (2).
lermoma (di-dur-mo'mah) [G. di-, two, -t- dietet'ic. Relating to diet.
ierma, skin, + -oma.] A
teratoid growth em- dietet'ics. The branch of therapeutics treating of
bracing two germ layers; bidermoma. food and drink in relation to health and disease.
iymalgia (did-l-mal'jl-ah) [G. didymos, twin(a dieth'yl. i. One of the paraffin series of hydro-
testis), -1- algos. pain.] Orchidalgia, pain in a carbons, C,!!,,, or CjH J. CjHj, found in petroleum;
besticle. normal butane. 2. A prefix denoting the
I'ymin. Trade name of an extract of the testicle presence of two ethyl radicals in the molecule.
Df the bull; said to be aphrodisiac and tonic in diethylamine (di-e-thil'S.-men). A ptomaine de-
loses of gr. 3—5 (o 2—0 .3).
. rived from certain decaying food substances it is;

lymitis (did-I-mi'(me')tis) [G. didymos, twin not poisonous.

[testis), -1- -itis^ Orchitis, inflammation of a dieth'ylbarbitu'ric ac'id. Diethylmalonyl urea,
besticle. malo-urea, a ureide derived from diethylmalonic
ymium (di-dim'I-um). A substance thought at acid, veronal; a white crystalline powder of
bhe time of its discovery to be an element; it is slightly bitter taste, soluble in 150 parts of
iound usually in combination with lanthanum and water; hypnotic in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0).
;eriuni is said to be strongly antiseptic.
; dieth"ylendi'amine. Piperazine.
ymodynia (did"![-mo-din'!f-ah) [G. didymos, twin diethylketone (di-eth"il-ke'ton). Metacetone, pro-
[testis), -I- odyne, pain.] Didymalgia, orchid- pion a clear liquid, used as a hypnotic in maniacal
;

ilgia. conditions in doses of iT^7^-22 (0,5—1.5).

lymus (did'i-mus) [G. didymos, a twin.] Testis. Dietl's cri'ses (de'tl) [Joseph Dietl, Austrian
lynamous (di-din'a-m.us) [G. di-, two, + physician, 1804— 1878.] Sudden attacks of parox-
iynamis, power.] Noting a flower having four ysmal lumbar and abdominal pain, with nausea
stamens arranged in two pairs, one of which and vomiting, occurring in caaes of wandering
s shorter than the other. kidney.
. To cease to live. To become dead in whole dietother'apy [G. diaita, diet, -t- therapeia, treat-
5r in part. ment.] The treatnaent of disease by regulation
. I . A stamp for impressing a design or a special of the diet; trophotherapy, sitotherapy.
ihape upon some
softer material. 2. In den- Dieudonn£'s me'dium (de-e-d6-na') [Adolph Dieu-
;istry, a cast of the mouth over which is made donni, Munich physician, *i864.] An alkaline
;he blank of an artificial denture. blood-agar medium
for the cultivation of micro-
choscope (di-ek'o-skOp) [G. di-, two, + echo, a. organisms;it consists of defibrinated ox blood

lound, -1- skoped, I examine.] A form of stetho- 30, normal solution of potassium hydrate 30,
icope by means of which two sounds in two cholera agar* 140.
iifferent parts can be listened to at the same time. Dieulafoy's as'pirator (de-e-13,-fwS') [Georges Dieu-
clous, dioecious (di-e'shus) [G. di-, two, + oikia, lafoy, Paris physician, 1839— 1911.] A large glass
louse.] Noting animals or plants that are cylinder with piston and two openings with
lexually distinct, the individuals being of one or stopcocks, one for « tube with trocar and can-
;he other sex. nula, the other for the discharge tube. D.'s
Bffenbach's amputation (def'en-bakh) [Johann the'ory, appendicitis is always the residt of the

Priedrich Dieffenbach, German surgeon, 1792- transformation of the appendicular canal into a
Circular amputation at the hip-joint closed cavity. D.'s tri'ad, hyperesthesia of the
[847.]
D.'s method, skin, reflex muscular contraction, and tenderness
ivith temporary elastic ligature.
1 plastic operation for covering a defect by at McBumey's point in appendicitis.
difieren'tial. Relating to or marked by a difference
sliding a flap with broad pedicle.
 DIFFERENTIAL 280 DIGITALON

distinguishing, d. blood-count, an enumeration digestion (di-jes'chun) [L. digeslio.] The process

of the number of corpuscles in a given amount whereby the ingested food is converted into
(cubic millimeter) of blood, with determination material suitable for assimilation with con-
of the approximate percentage of each variety of sequent upbuilding of the tissues or the libera-
leucocyte. tion of energy, gas'tric d., that part of diges-
differentiated (dif-er-en'shl-a-ted). Having a differ- tion, chiefly of the proteins, which is carried
ent character or function from the surrounding on in the stomach by the enzymes of the gastric
structures or from the original type, said of tissues, juice, intercell'ular d., d. in a cavity by means
cells, or portions of the cytoplasm, of secretions from the surrounding cells, such
differentiation (dif-er-en-shl-a'shun). i. The acquir- as occurs in the metazoa. intes'tinal d.,
ing or the possession of character or function that part of d. which is carried on in the
different from that of the original type special- ; intestine, it affects all the food-stuffs starches, —
ization. 2. Differential diagnosis.* correla- fats, and
proteins, intracellular d., d. within
tive d., d. due to the interaction of different parts the substance of a cell, such as occurs in the proto-
of an organism, self-d., d. resulting from the zoa and in phagocytes, pep'tic d., gastric d.
action of intrinsic causes, pri'mary d., d. in the alimentary tract, sal'ivaiy
diffluence (dif'lu-ens) [L. dis-, asunder, -|- fluere, to d., the conversion of starch into sugar by the
flow.] Deliquescence, becoming fluid. action of the salivary ferments, sec'ondaiy d.,
diffrac'tion [L. diffracius; diffringere, to break up.] the change in the chyle effected by the action of
The deflection of the rays of light in passing by the cells of the body, whereby the final products
the edge of an opaque body. of d. are assimilated in the process of metabolism.
diffusate (dl-fu'zat) [L. diffundere, to pour in dif- diges'tive. i. Relating to digestion. 2. Diges-
ferent directions.] Dialysate; the soluble crys- tant (2 ) d. fever, a slight rise in body temperature
.

talloid substance separated by dialysis from the occurring during digestion.

colloid matter in a mixture. diges'tol. Trade name of a digestant composed of
diffuse (dJ-fiis') [L. diffundere, to pour in different pepsin, salol, and bismuth subnitrate.
directions.] Spread about, not circumscribed digipoten (dij'i-po-ten) . Trade name of a prepara-
or limited, d. disease', one which involves tion of digitalis freed from digtiosaponin; of the
all or several of the tracts in the spinal cord; same strength as digitalis leaf, I gr. being equal
opposed to system disease.* in strength to I minim of fluidextract of digitalis.
diffuse (dl-fuz'). To spread about, to scatter. digipuratum (dij-I-pu-ra'tum). dry extract of A
diffused (di-fuzd'). Diffuse. digitalis of definite strength, said to be freed from
diffus'ible. i. Capable of being diffused, a. In- digitonin; employed in the same doses as digitalis
vading or affecting all parts of the body rapidly, leaves.
as a J. stimulant. digls'trophan. Trade name of a mixture of digitalis
diffusion (dJ-fu'zhun). i. A spreading about or and strophanthus, in the proportional strength of
scattering, z. Dialysis, d. meth'od, auxano- 2 parts of digitalis leaves to 1 part of strophanthus
graphic* method, d. shell or thimble, a seeds.
small vessel made of a, semi-permeable mem- digit (dij'it) [L. digitus!] finger or toe. A
brane through which peptone, but not serum digital (dij'I-tal). Relating to or resembling a digit
albumin, can pass; used in performing the or digits or an impression made by them. d.
Abderhalden* test. cav'ity, see under cavity, d. fos'sa, fossa tro-
diflu"ordiphen'yl, difluorphen'yl. A
colorless, crys- chanterica.
d. impres'sions, digitate impressions.
talline powder of aromatic odor, an organic digitalein (dij"i-tal'e-in) A
glucoside from digitalis
.

fluorine compound used as an antiseptic dusting

; leaves; a white amorphous powder of very
powder, or in ointment, in dermatological practice. bitter taste diuretic and cardiac in dose of gr.
; -j^-g-

dig'alen. The proprietary name of a solution of (o.ooi).

I

Cloetta's soluble digitoxin, about ^ grain to the dlgitalin (dijl-tal-in). A

glucoside of digitalis;
ounce; dose, TIJI15 (i.o). often a mixture of various principles of imcertain
digas'tric [G. di-, two, +
gaster, belly.] i. Having strength and composition; see digitalinum.
two bellies, noting especially a muscle with two French d., (i) an amorphous white or yellowish
fleshy parts separated by an intervening tendinous powder, chloroformic d., Homolle's d.; (2) a
part. 2. Musculus digastricus. 3. Relating to crystallized substance occurring as needle-shaped
the digastric muscle, noting a fossa or groove crystals, Nativelle's d. Ger'man d., digitalinum
with which it is in relation, and a nerve supplying pUTUm. true d., digitalinum verum.
its posterior belly. digitalinum (dij-i-tal-e'num). Digitalin. d. pu'-
digas'tricus. The digastric muscle, see under Tum, German digitalin, of uncertain composition,
musculus. containing chiefly
digitonin with some true
digen'esis [G. di-, two, -I- genesis, generation.] digitalin. ve'rum, true digitalin, a glucoside,
d.
Reproduction in different ways in different gener- CasHstOu, occurring as a white amorphous or
ations, as seen in the non-sexual, or vertebrate, graniilar powder; dose, gr. -^ (0.001).
and the or invertebrate, cycles of the
sexual, digitalis (dij-I-ta'lis) [L.
relating to the
digitalis,
malarial and other blood-parasites, fingers.] (U.S. and Br.) The dried leaves of
digenet'ic. Relating to or marked by digenesis. Digitalis purpurea, purple foxglove, ladies flngers, '

digest (di-jestO [L. digerere, to divide, to dissolve.] taken from plants of the second year's growth at
I. To soften by moisture and heat. ^. To the beginning of flowering; cardiac tonic and
hydrolyze or break up into simpler chemical diuretic in doses of gr. J— 2 (0.03-0.13).
compounds by means of ferments, noting the digitallsm (dij'I-tal-izm). The poisonous symp-
action of the secretions of the alimentary toms caused by digitalis.
tract upon the food. digitalization (dij-i(-tal-i-za'shun) . Producing the
diges'tant. i. Aiding digestion. 2. An agent which physiological effects of digitalis.
favors or assists the process of digestion, digitalon (dij'l-ta-lon). A
non-alcoholic solution of
digester (di-jes'tur). One who or that which the glucosides of digitalis dose, 1518-15 (0.5-1.0)
;

digests; see Fapin's* digester. by hypodermic injection.

 ;

[GITATE 281 DIMORPHIC

litate (dij'I-tat). Marked by a nvunber of finger- dihysteria (di-his-te'ri-ah) [G. di-, two, -f- hystera,
like processes or impressions, d. impres'sions, uterus.] A
condition in which there is a double
impressiones digitatse, faintly marked depressions uterus.
Dn the inner surface of the cranium, corresponding diiodide (di-i'o-did). Biniodide.
more or less nearly to the cerebral convolutiens. dii"odobe"tanaph'thol. lodonaphthol.
^ta'tion [h.digiiaiio.'] i. A
process resembling a diiodoform (di-i-o'do-form). lodethylene, ethyl-
Snger. 2. A figure of a ntimber of finger-like ene periodide, ethylene tetraiodide, C2I4, pre-
processes. pared by adding an e3:cess of iodine to acetylene
hippocam'pi [L. pi. of digiiatio.] [BNA]
[itatio'nes iodide; a yellow crystalline powder insoluble in
Digitations of the hippocampus, pes hippocampi water, employed as a substitute for iodoform.
the slight grooves and notches on the thickened dil"odosalicyl'ic acid. Sanaform.
anterior extremity of the hippocampus major. dii"odosalicyl'ic phe'nyl-es'ter. Diiodosalol.
;iti (dijl-ti) [L. pi. of digitus.] Fingers, d. diiodosalol (di-i"o-do-sal'ol). Phenyl diiodosali-
bippocrat'ici, Hippocratic* fingers, d. ma'nus, cylate, a crystalline powder, without odor or
fingers, mor'tui, dead fingers, a vasomotor
d. taste, a condensation product of phenol with
disturbance possibly a mild form of Raynaud's diiodosalicylic acid; employed internally in
disease, marked by a purplish or waxy white rheumatism, and externally as an antiseptic dust-
color of the fingers, with subnormal temperature ing powder.
and paresthesia, d. pe'dis, toes. dike'tone. A ketone containing two atom, groups
?tin (dijl-tin). An
inert derivative of digitalis, (CO).
probably the same as digitonin. dilaceration (di-las-er-a'shun) [L. dilacerare, to tear
jitol (diji-tol). Trade name of a specially pre- in pieces.] i. The formation of an aperture
pared tincture of digitalis. through a cataractous lens by piercing the center
^tonin (dij-I-to'nin). A
substance, Ct4HjjOjB, and prying apart the two halves. 2. displace- A
obtained from digitalis; it has no action upon the ment of some portion of a, developing tooth
heart, so far as known; it is said to constitute which is then further developed in its new
about 50 per cent, of the German digitalin, relation.
digitalin\iin purum. dilata'tion [L dilatare, to expand.] x. Enlarge-
ritoxin (dij-J-tok'sin). A glucoside, CiHtiOn, ment of a cavity, canal, or opening, occurring
obtained from digitalis; it occurs as a white pathologically or made artificially. 2. The act
crystalline powder of bitter taste. of dilating or enlarging, piognath'ian or prog-
situs, gen. and pi. digiii (dijl-tus) [L.] Finger nath'ic d., d. of the pyloric end of the stomach
or toe; specifically a finger as distinguished from out of proportion to that of the cardia or fundus,
dactylus, a toe. d, annula'ris, ring or
fourth giving the undershot appearance of a bull-dog's
finger, d. medicus or fifth
d. auricula'ris, little jaw in the Roentgen picture.
finger, called auricular because used in scratching dlla'toT. I. An instrument designed for enlarging
or cleaning the external auditory meatus, d. a cavity, canal, or opening. 2. A
muscle the
exten'sus, backward deviation of a. finger, d. fimction of which is to pull open any orifice, d.
flex'us, permanent flexion d. ma'nus,
of a finger, con'chs, muscular fibers passing between the
finger, d. med'icus, d. medicina'lis,the fourth concha and the tragus of the external ear.
or ring finger, medical finger because formerly d. ir'idis, the radiating fibers of the iris, contrac-
supposed to have a direct nervous connection tion of which dilates the pupil, d. tu'bae, muscu-
with the heart and to be therefore of significance lus tensor veli palatini.
in a diagnostic sense, d, xne'dius, middle or dill. Anethum.
third finger, d. min'imus, the little or fifth finger. diluent (dil'u-ent) [L. diluere, to dilute.] i. Dilut-
d. mor'tuus, see digiti mortui. d. pe'dis, toe, ing, making weaker or more watery. 2. An
dactylus. d. recell'ens, trigger finger.* d. val'- agent which reduces the strength of a solution or
gus, permanent deviation of one or more fingers mixture. 3. A remedy which is supposed to in-
to the ulnar side. d. va'rus, permanent deviation crease the fluidity of the blood or any of the body
of one or more fingers to the radial side. fluids.
;l0Bsia (di-glos'sl-ah) [G. di-, two, glossa, + dilu'tion. i. The act of reducing the strength of

tongue.] Acondition in which the tongue is a mixture or solution. £. A weakened solution.

bifid, or split longitudinally. 3. In homeopathy, dynamization or potency.

glos'sus. One with a congenitally bifid tongue. dimazon (di-ma'zon). Diacetylamino-azotoluene.

jnathus (di-gnath'us) [G. di-, two, -I- gnathos, jaw.] a reddish yellow crystalline powder, recom-
A monster with double jaw. mended as a vulnerary because of its alleged
hybrid (di-hi'brid) [G. di-, two, + L. hybrida.] power of stimulating the growth of epithelium.
'The offspring of parents differing in two char- dimercuri'on. The bivalent mercuric ion.
acters. dim'erous [G. di^, two, -f meros, part.] Consisting
by'drate. A
chemical compound with two of two parts.
hydroxyl radicals or one with two molecules of dimethylacetal (di-meth-il-as'e-tal). Ethylidenedi-
water. methylester, a colorless liquid obtained by the
hy'dric. A chemical compound with two hydro- interaction of aldehyde, methyl alcohol, and
gen atoms. glacial acetic acid; employed as a general anes-
dydrocollidine (di-hi"dro-kol'i-den). ptomaine A thetic like chloroform.
in decaying animal matter. dimethylamine (di-m6-thil'3,-men). A ptomaine in
liydroresorcuiol (di-hi"dro-re-zor'sl-nol). sub- A decaying gelatin, and obtained from methyl
stance obtained from resorcinol by the action of iodide by the action of ammonia.
sodium amalgam with carbon dioxide, said to be dimethylarsen'ic acid. Cacodylic acid.
antiseptic. dimethylar'sin. Cacodyl.
biydroxyphthalophenone (di-hi-drok"sr-fthaI-o-fe'- dimethylxan thine (di-meth-il-zan'thin). Theobro-
non). Phenolphthalein. mine.
dypercytosis (di-hi"per-si-to'sis) [G. di-, two, -t- dime'tria [G. di-, two, -\- metra, womb.] Dihysteria.
hypercytosis.] Hyperhypercytosis. dimor'phic. Dimorphous.
DIMORPHISM 282 DIPHTHERIOLYSIN

two, + morphe, shape.] dioptry (di-op'tri). Diopter, a dioptric.

dimor'phism [G. di-,
Existing in two forms; noting a difference of diortho'sis [G. a making straight.] Dlaplasis.

crystallization exhibited by the same substance, diosco'rea [after Dioscorides Pedaclus or Pedanius,
or a difference in form or outward appearance a Greek physician and botanist, probably of the
between individuals of the same species but of firstcentury B.C. or A.D.] (N.F.) Colic-root,
opposite sex. rheumatism-root, wild yam; the rhizome of Dios-
dimor'phous. Having the property of dimorphism. corea villosa; expectorant and diaphoretic; has
dineric (di-ner'ik) [G. dine, an eddy, whirlpool.] been used in the treatment of rheumatism and
Eddying or whirling, noting the movement of a bilious colic, in dose of 5i (4-o) of the N.F.
liquid, d. in'terspace, the surface between two fluidextract.
liquid phases. dioscorein (di-os-kor'e-in). A
resinoid from Dios-
dineuric (di-nu'iik) [G. di-, two, + neuron, nerve.] corea villosa; a brownish bitter powder, employed
Having two axis-cylinder processes, noting a as a diaphoretic and antispasmodic in doses of
neuron or nerve-cell. gr. 1—3 (0.06—0.2).

din'ical [G. dinos, dizziness.] i. Relating to, or Dioscorides' gra'nule (di-os-kor'I-d6z) [Dioscorides
relieving vertigo. Pedacius, the younger, Greek writer on materia
Dinifer'ida. An order of Dinoflagellata in which medica, first century A.D.] A granule of milk
the fiagella lie in furrows. sugar and gum arabic containing gr. -j--^ (o.ooi)
dini'trate. A
salt having two molecules of nitric acid. of arsenous acid.
dinitrocellulose (di-ni-tro-sel'u-loz). Pyroxylin. diose (di'oz). Glycol aldehyde, C2H1O2, chemically
din'ner pad. A
pad of moderate thickness placed the simplest sugar.
over the pit of the stomach before the application dios'mal. Trade name of a buchu preparation,
of a plaster jacket; after the plaster has set the employed for the same purposes as buchu in
pad is removed, leaving space for varying condi- doses of gr. 1—2 (0.06-0.13).
tions of abdominal distention. diosmosis (di-oz-mo'sis) [G. dia, through, -f- osmos,
din'ner pill. Pilula ad prandium; a laxative pill, a pushing.] The transudation of a fluid through
containing aloes, to be taken after eating; the a membrane,
several dinner pills are known as Chapman's, dios'pyros [G. Dios pyros, Jupiter's wheat.] Per-
Cole's, Hall's, and Lady Webster's, and all con- simmon, the unripe fruit of Diospyros virgiana;
tain about I grain of aloes, Cole's having jalap, astringent, tonic, and antiperiodic in doses of
blue mass, and tartar emetic as well. 5^1 (15.0—30.0) of the infusion.
Dinoflagella'ta [G. dinos, a whirling.] A
subclass diox^ide. A chemical compound containing two
of Phytomastigophora, comprising organisms with atoms of oxygen to one of the metallic
a cellulose envelope, containing yellow or brown element.
pigment, and with two or more fiagella, transverse dioxydiamido-arsenobenzol (di-ok"si[-di-am'i-do-ar"-
and longitudinal, by the action of which the cell sen-o-ben'zol). Salvarsan.
rotates as it advances. diox'ygen. Trade name of a. preparation of hy-
dinonnocytosis (di-nor"mo-si-to'sis) [G. di-, two, -|- drogen peroxide. -

normocytosis.] Normonormooytosis, isonormo- dioxytol'uene. Orcin.

cytosis.* dipen'tene, Diamylene, cinene, cajeputene, ca-
Di'odon [G. di-, two, +
odous(odont-), tooth.] A outchin, C10H16, a substance present in several
genus of globe-fishes, some species of which are ethereal oils, said to be one of the constituents of
poisonous. terpinol.
dioe'cious. Diecious. dipha'sic [G. di-, two, -h phasis, appearance.] Oc-
dioesoph'agus [G. di-, two, -I- oisophagos, esophagus.] curring in, or referring to, two phases or stages.
A congenital reduplication, complete or partial, diphenylamine (di-fen-U-am'en). A
crystalline sub-
of the esophagus. stance used as a test for nitrous and nitric acids.
dioestrum (di-es'trum). Diestrum. diphenylchlorarsine (di-fen"il-klor-ar'sen). Ster-
diomor'phine. A
mixture of dionin and morphine. nutator, sneezing gas, a gas used in warfare,
di'onine. .lEthylmorphinae hydrochloridum (U.S.). inhalation of which causes violent sneezing,
diopsim'eter [G. dia, through, + opsis, vision, -f cough, salivation, headache, and retrosternal
meiron, measure.] An instrument for deter- pain.
mining the limits of the field of vision. dipho'nia [G. di-, two, 4- phone, voice.] Double
diop'ter [G. dioptra, a leveling instrument.] A voice, the simultaneous production of two dis-
dioptric, the unit of refracting power of lenses, tinct tones during phonation.
noting a lens whose principal focus is at a distance diphtheria (dif-the'ri-ah) [G. diphihera, leather.] A
of I meter (39.3 inches), piism d,, see under specific infectious disease due to the Kleb-
Loeffier bacillus, marked by inflammation, with
dioptom'eter. Dloptrometer. formation of a fibrinous exudate, of the mucous
dioptom'etry. Dioptrometry. membrane of the throat or nose, and by more or
dioptos'copy. Dioptroscopy. less pronounced symptoms of toxemia, false d.,
diop'tric. i. Diopter.Refractive.
2. diphtheroid; croupous tonsillitis, sur'gical d.,
diop'trics. The branch of optics which deals with the formation of a false membrane on the surface
the refraction of light. of a wound.
dioptrometer (di-op-trom'e-tur) [diopter + G. diphthe'rial. Relating to diphtheria.
metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring diphtheriaphor (dif-the'ri-ah-for) [diphtheria + G.
refraction. pkoreS, I carry.] A diphtheria bacilli carrier, or
dioptrometry (di-op-trom'e-trj) [diopter + G. vector.
metron, measure.] Measurement of the degree diphther'icide. Trade name of a pastile containing
of accommodation and refractive power of thymol and sodium benzoate, used for sore throat.
the eye. diph'therin. The toxin of diphtheria, diphthero-
dioptros'copy [diopter -f G. skopeo, I examine. toxin,
Determination of the degree of refraction by diphtheriolysiu (dif-the"ri-ori-sin). An antibody
means of the ophthalmoscope. destructive to the diphtheria bacillus.
 . ;

HTHERITIC 283 DIPSACACE^

(leiit'ic. Relating in any way to diphtheria, Diplogonop'orus gran'dis [G. diplous, double, +
leritis (dif-ther-i'(e')tis). Diphtheria. gonos, seed, -)- poros, pore; L. grandis, large.] A
iheroid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Pseudodiph- form of tapeworm found in Japan.
ria, false diphtheria; one of a group of local
diplo'ic, diploet'ic. Relating to the diploe.
sctions,suggesting diphtheria, with occasional
diploid (dip'loyd) [G. diplous, double, -\- eidos,
tiptoms of toxenjia, caused by various micro-
resemblance. ] The full number of chromosomes
anisms other than the diphtheria bacillus.
therotox'in. The toxin of diphtheria.
in the fertilized ovum and in all cells, except the
mature germ cells, derived from this.
lon'gia [G. di-, two, + phthongos, the voice.]
diplomelituria (dip-lo-mel-l-tu'ri-ah) [G. diplous,
)honia.
double, -f- meli, honey, -f ouron, iirine.] The
odont (dif'J-o-dont) [G di-, two, + phyo, I
occurrence of diabetic and non-diabetic glycosuria
duce, + odous(odont-)_, tooth.] Having two in the same individual.
5of teeth, as man and most mammals.
can'thus na'nus [G. diplous, diplomyelia (dip-lo-mi-e'll-ah) [G. diplous, double, +
double, + myelon, marrow.] The presence of a fisstire in the
mtha, spine; L. nanus, dwarf.] Hymenolepis
la.
spinal cord, the two lateral halves being more or
less distinct.
;usis (dip-13,-ku-sls) [G. diplous, double, +
•usis, hearing.] A difference of perception of diploneural (dip-lo-nu'ral) [G. diplous, double, -1-
jid by the two ears, either in time or in pitch, neuron, nerve.] Supplied by two nerves from
that one sound is heard as two. b. blnaura'lis,
different sources, said of certain muscles.
condition in which the same sound is heard diplopho'nia [G. diplous, double, -I- phone, voice.]
Brently by the two ears. d. monaura'lis, a Diphonia.
idition in which one sound is perceived as two diplopia (di-plo'pl-ah) [G. diplous, double, -I- dps,
bhe same ear eye.] Double vision, due to paralysis of the
;ia (di-ple'ji-ah) [G. di-, two, +
plege, a stroke.] ocular muscles in consequence of which the
uble hemiplegia; paralysis of corresponding image of an object falls upon non-corresponding
ts on both sides of the body, fa'cial d., double portions of the two retinae, binoc'ular d.,
ial paralysis, in'fantile d., birth-palsy.* double vision caused by muscular imbalance,
.s'ticatory d., paralysis of all the muscles of the visual axes not being fixed on the same
.stication (temporals, pterygoids, and masse- point, crossed d., heteronymous d. direct' d.,
s). spas'tic d., Little's disease. homonymous d. heteron'ymous d., crossed d.,
jalbuminu'ria [G. diplous, double.] The co- d. in "which the false image is on the same side
stence of nephritic, or pathological, and non- as the sound eye; d. due to divergent squint or
)hritic, or physiological, albuminuria. paralysis of the internal rectus, homon'ymous
lacillus (dip-lo-bd-sil'us) [G. diplous, double.] d., simple d., direct d., d. in which the false image
louble bacillus, two bacilli linked end to end. is on the same side as the affected eye; d. due to
>acte'ria [G. diplous, double.] Bacteria occur- convergent squint or paralysis of the external
g in pairs linked together. rectus, monotf'ular d., a. form in which two
ilas'tiG [G. diplous, double, +
blastos, germ.] objects are seen with the same eye, due to in-
rmed of two germ layers. complete cataract, double pupil, etc. sim'ple
;ar'dia [G. diplous, double, +
kardia, heart.] d., homonymous d.
condition in which the two lateral halves of diplopiometer (dip-lo-pl-om'e-tur) [G. metron, meas-
1heart are more or less separated by a central ure.] An instrument for determining the pres-
ure. ence and the degree of diplopia.
joccemia, diplococcaemia (dip-Io-kok-se'ml-ah) dip'losal. Trade name of salicyl salicylic acid;
flococcus +
G. haima, blood.] The presence of employed for the same purposes as sodium
lococci in the blood. salicylate, phenyl salicylate, and other remedies
:oc'coid [diplococcus +
G. eidos, resemblance.] of that group, in doses of gr. v-xv (0 3—1 o) .
.

sembling a diplococcus. diploscope (dip'lo-skop) [ G. diplous, double, -t-

coc'cus [G. diplous, double, +
kokkos, berry.] skopeo, I examine.] An instrument for the study
Eorm of micrococciis in which, after division of binocular vision and of its anomalies.
one plane, the two new individuals remain diplosome (dip'lo-som) [G. diplous, double, +
re or less attached. D. gonorrhcE'ae, Micro- soma, body.] 1. One of the allosomes which are
I

Ms gonorrhasce. D. intracellula'ris meningit'- paired in the spermatogonium, j. double A

meningococcus, it biscuit-shaped organism,
, centrosome.
urring in pairs, the specific cause of epidemic diploso'mia [G. diplous, double, + soma, body.] A
sbrospinal meningitis. D. lanceola'tus, D. condition in which twins, seemingly independent
iUmo'niae, pneumococcus, an organism of in all their parts, are joined at one or more points
iable morphology, the specific cause of see cut under thoracopagus.
iipous pneumonia. D. pyog'enes ure'se, a d diplostemonous (dip-lo-ste'mo-nus) [G. diplous,
nd in purulent urine. D. rheumat'icus, a double, -I- siemon, stamen.] In botany, having
n found in certain cases of acute rheumatism twice as many stamens as sepals or petals, d,
I assumed to be pathogenic. D. scarlatl'nae, andre'cium, noting a flower in which the stamens
irm found in the throat in scarlatina, Class's d. are arranged in two alternating whorls.
{G. diplous, double, + kore, pupil.]
o'ria diploteratol'ogy. The division of teratology dealing
spresence of a double pupil in the eye. with double monstrosities.
(dip'lo-e) [G. diploe, fem. of diplous, double.] Dip'pel's an'imal oil [Johann Konrad Dippel,
! central layer of spongy bone between the German alchemist, 1673—1734.] Oleum animale
I layers of compact bone, outer and inner asthereum.
tes or tables of the flat cranial bones. diprosopus (di-pro-so'pus) [G. di-, two, prosopon, +
[enesis (dip-lo-jen'e-sis) [G. diplous, double, face.] A monstesr with duplication of the faoe^
genesis, generation.] The production of a or any of its parts see cut under opodymus.
;

ible monster or of one with som3 parts Dipsaca'cese [G. dipsakos, teasle.] An order of
tbled-
gamopetalous, dicotyledonous plants, the in-
 —
DIPSACACE^ 284 DISCOPLASM

which a capitulum, the fruit an disaggregation (dis-ag"gre-ga'shun) [L. dis-, sepaA

florescence of is

achene. rating, +
aggregate, to assemble.] 1. break- A
dipsoma'nia [G. dipsa, thirst, + mania, madness.] ing up into the component parts. 2. In psy-

A recurring psychosis in which the patient from chology, an inability to coordinate the various
time to time is driven by an imperative com- sensations and failure to observe their mutual
relations.
pulsion to drink to excess of alcoholic beverages.
dipso'sis [G. dipsa, thirst.] Excessive thirst, or a disain'idize [dis-, asunder, + amide H ize, suffix

longing for certain unusual forms of drink. denoting action.] Deamidize.

dipsother'apy [G. dipsa, thirst, + therapeia, treat- disarticula'tion [L. dis-, apart, -t- ariiculus, joint.]

ment.] Treatment of certain diseases by ab- Amputation of a limb through a joint, without
stention, as far as possible, from liquids. cutting of bone.
Dip'tera [G. di-, two, + pteron, wing.] An order of disassimila'tion. Destructive or retrograde
two-winged insects, including flies and mosquitos. metabolism.
Dipterocar'pus [G. dipteros, with two wings, -I- disc [L. discus; G. diskos, a dish.] 1. In anatomy

karpos, fruit.] A genus of trees, some East any approximately flat circular surface. See
Indian species of which furnish gurjun balsam. discus. 2. In dentistry a disc-shaped piece of
dipterous (dip'ter-us). Two-winged, noting flies, thin paper or other material, coated with emery
mosquitos, and other insects belonging to the or other abrasive substance, used for cutting
order Diptera. and polishing fillings, blastoder'mic d., the
dip'teryx [G. di-, two, pteryx, wing.]
-I- Tonka, germinal d. of an ovumafter segmentation of
tonka bean the prepared seed of Dipteryx (Cou-
; the vitellus. blood d., platelet, choked d.,
marouna) odoraia or appositifolia; antispasmodic papillitis, papilledema, intraocular neuritis;
and narcotic in doses of iKS-io (0.3-0.6) of a inflammation of the retinal portion of the optic
fluidextract. See cumarin. nerve, marked by swelling of the optic disc
dipygus (di-pi'gus) [G. di-, two, -1- pyge, buttocks.] which of a grayish white color.' ger'minal d.,
is
A monster with duplication of the lower part of the point in an ovum where the embryo begins
the spinal column and the pelvis, d. Darasit'icus, to be formed, op'tic d., discus opticus, prolig'-
see cut under gastroihoracopagus erous d., cumxilus oophorus. stenope'ic d., a.
metallic or other opaque disc with a narrow
slit through which one looks, used as a test for
astigmatism, straboscop'ic d., a lens which
distorts the object looked at. tac'tile d., the
expansion of the terminal fiber of a nerve of
sensation, transverse' d,, one of the dark
transverse lines seen on examining a muscular
fiber under the microscope.
discharge', i. To set free; to remove the contents
or load. 2. The escape or flowing away of the
contents of a cavity, either normal or patholog-
ical. 3. The matter which is discharged.
dis'charger. An instrument for setting free the
electricity in a condenser or Leyden jar.
dischronation (dis-kro-na'shun) [L. dis-, apart, +
G. chronos, time.] A
dislocation or displace-
ment, in a figurative sense, in the time series; a
function of consciousness, the term being analo-
gous to dislocation in the spatial series.
discission (dis-sish-un) [L. discindere, to split.]
Dipygus. Incision or cutting through a part specifically ;

needling, splitting the capsule and breaking up

Dipylid'ium cani'num [G. dipylos, with two en the substance of the crystalline lens with a
trances.] A species of dog tapeworm, the knife-needle, in cases of soft cataract, d. of
larvae of which are harbored by the flea; the the cer'vix, division of the cervix uteri on either
worm may also infest man. side for the relief of stenosis, d. of the pleu'ra,
direct' [L. dirigere, to set in a straight line.] Straight, Ransohoff's operation, poste'rior d. incision ,

not deviating to either side. of a membranous cataract from behind by a

direc'tor. An instrument, usually in the form of knife passed through the sclera.
a grooved probe or sound, designed for guiding discitis (dis-ki'(ke')tis). Inflammation of any
the knife of the operator, in slitting up a sinus, disc,especially of an interarticular cartilage;
for example, or in the operation of external meniscltis.
urethrotomy; called also a guide. dlscoblas'tic. Relating to a discoidal segmentation
dir"igomo'tor. Directing or controlling muscular of the yolk in an impregnated ovum.
movement. dis'cocarp [G. diskos, disc, + karpos, fruit.] x.
dirt-eater. Geophagist. Apothecium, an ascocarp in which the hymenium
dir^-eating, Geophagia, geophagism, geophagy. is exposed during the development of the asci.

dis- [L. an inseparable preposition denoting 2. An arrangement of separate achenes within a

separation, taking apart, sundering, in two.] hollow receptacle.

A prefix having the same force as the original dis'coid [G. diskos, disc, + eidos, appearance.] 1,

Latin preposition. Resembling a disc. a. In dentistry a disc-

disaccharid, disaccharide (di-sak'kar-id) [G. di-, shaped excavator.
two, + sakcharis, sugar.] A carbohydrate con- Discomyces (dis-ko-mi'sez) [G. diskos, disc, +
taining two saccharid groups plus a molecule of mykes, fungus.] Actinomyces.
water; sucrose, lactose, and maltose belong to discoplacen'ta. A placenta of discoid shape.
this class. dis'coplasm [G, diskos, a disc, -t- plasma, something
 ;

:OPLASMJ 8s DISINFECT

led.] That portion of the cytoplasm which particular locality, fifth d., erythema infection
lesses vital properties.
sum. fish'skin d., ichthyosis, foot-and-mouth
ia [G. disi double, + kore, pupil.] The d., aphthae epizooticae, epidemic stomatitis, aph-
ence of a double pupil. thous fever; an infectious disease of cattle char-
tro"ma. The stroma of a red blood cell. acterized by a vesicular eruption in the mouth
;e' [L. discretus; discernere, to separate.] and pharynx, chill, fever, and marked prostra-
arate, distinct, not joined to or incorporated tion; the disease is communicable to man.
1 another; noting especially certain lesions fourth d., Dukes' d., FilatofE's d., scarlatinoid, an
iie skin and other parts. exanthematous affection of childhood bearing a
1 [L.] Disc. d. articula'ris [BNA], articular resemblance to scarlatina analogous to that of
, interarticular fibrocartilage a plate or ring ;
German measles to measles; it runs a. mild
ibrocartUage attached to the joint capsule course, f unc'tional d., a d. in which there is no
separating the articular surfaces of the bones obvious anatomical lesion to account for the
a, varying distance, sometimes completely, symptoms present, grind'er's d., pneumono-
srves to adapt two articular surfaces which coniosis. hered'itary d., one that is habitually
not entirely congruent, d. interpu'blcus, transmitted by the parents to the offspring.
ina fibrocartilaginea interpubica. d. inter-
hook'worm d., uncinariasis, idiopath'ic d., one
:ebra'lis, intervertebral disc, cartilago* inter- for which no cause is apparent, infec'tious d.,
^ebralis. infec'tive d., one due to the presence and vital
d. lentifor'mis, nucleus hypo-
amicus. d. ner'vi op'tici, d. op'ticus, disc activity of a unicellular microscopic animal or
;he optic nerve, optic disc, papilla* nervi vegetable parasite, inher'ited d., one that is
;ci [BNA]. d. prolig'erus, cumulus oophorus.
derived from the progenitors; in many cases it
is only a weakness of constitution, which pre-
s' [L. discutere, to shake apart.] To disperse,
ause to disappear or be absorbed. disposes to any disease, that is inherited, in-
suffic'iency d., deficiency d. intercurr'ent d.,
3'ive. Discutient.
complicating d. intersti'tial d., one affecting
.ent (dis-ku'shent)
[L. discutere, to shake
chiefly the connective-tissue framework of an
rt.] Scattering or dispersing a patholog-
I.
organ, the parenchyma suffering secondarily.
accumulation. 2. An agent which causes
lo'cal d., one in which the morbid changes are
dispersal of a tumor or pathological collection
confined to a single part or organ, usually with-
ny sort.
out marked constitutional disturbance, occupa'-
;last (dis-di'ah-klast) [G. dis, twice, +
dia, tlon d., one arising from causes incidental to the
lugh, + clastos, broken.] A doubly refractive occupation of the sufferer, organ'ic d., one in
lent in striated musctdar tissue, which there is evident anatomical change in
s + ease.] Morbus,
(diz-ez') [Eng. dis- priv. some of the tissues or organs of the body.
ss, sickness; an interruption or perversion of pandem'ic d., one which prevails more or less
ition of any of the organs a morbid change ;
over the entire world, parasit'ic d., one due
ny of the tissues, or an abnormal state of the to the presence and vital activity of animal or
y as a whole, continuing for a longer or shorter vegetable parasites; when the parasites are uni-
od. [In the following the eponymic terms cellular and microscopic the d. is called infectious
not given, they will be found under the proper or infective, pearl-worker's d., inflammatory
les see also morbus.
; acute' d., an abnormal
"[ hypertrophy of the bones affecting grinders of
iition of the body or any of its parts, mani- mother of pearl, paroxys'mal d., one character-
5d by sjTnptoms of a more or less violent char- ized by explosive seizures, as epilepsy, period'ic
r, and terminating, after a comparatively brief d., one in which the symptoms recur at certain
od, in recovery or death, al'kali d., deer- definite intervals, rag-sorter's d., anthrax,
malady, bad d., a popular name for syph- malignant pustule. Scyth'ian d., atrophy of the
barom'eter-maker's d., chronic mercurial external genitals with impotence, due to excessive
oning caused by the inhalation of mercurial and unnatural venery. specific d., one produced
es. blue d., morbus cseruleus. bronzed d., by the action of a special pathogenic micro-
ison's* d. caiss'on d., see caisson, chron'ic organism; a term formerly applied especially to
)ne of long continuance, marked usually by syphilis, sporadic d., one occurring in isolated
'ery violent symptoms, sometimes ending in cases in a locality where it is neither endemic nor
very, but usually terminating in death epidemic, subacute' d., a middle state between
lUgh disturbance of function of some vital acute and chronic d., marked by less active
m, cachexia, or an intercurrent attack of symptoms than the former, but of shorter dura-
,e disease to which it may predispose, com'- tion than the latter and more prone to recovery.
iting d., a secondary or independent d. subchron'ic d., a subacute d., but one with more
;rvening in the course of an already existent of the characteristics of a chronic affection, sys'-
;tion. congen'ital d., one that is present in tem d., a spinal-cord d. affecting a special tract
infant at birth, constitu'tional d., one asso- or nerve-fiber system, vag'abond's d., see
i6. with or marked by a disturbance of vagabond, vene'real d., syphilis, gonorrhea,
abolism, a blood d. or dyscrasia. conta'- chancroid, or other disease acquired in general
is d., an infectious d. transmissible by medi- through sexual intercourse, wool-sorter's d.,
or immediate contact, defic'iency d., one anthrax. zymot'ic d., infectious d., one due to
ng from defective metabolism caused by a the action of a living ferment.
of vitamines in the diet; beriberi, scurvy, disengagement (dis-en-gaj'ment) [Fr.] The act of
probably pellagra belong to this cl ss. dif- setting free or extricating; specifically the emer-
'
d., one which involves s::veral or all of the gence of the head from the vulva during child-
al cord tracts; opposed to system d. dy- birth.
I'ic d., functional d. endem'ic d., one which disequilib'rium. A
lack of equilibrium in any sense
specifically a lack of proper adjustment between
'ails continuously or recurrently in a special
lity. epidem'ic d., one which attacks simul- the moral and intellectual faculties.
iously a large number of persons living in a disinfect'. To destroy microorganisms in or on any
 .

DISINFECT 286 DISTILLATIC

substance or to inhibit their growth and vital gether at the bottom of the tube by centritug;
activity. zation; called also molecular disperse solution,
disinfec'tant, i. Destroying the germs of putrefac- dispi'ra [G. di-, double, -f- speira, a coil.] Dispire
tion or disease, or inhibiting their activity, 2. dispirem, dispireme (di-spi'rem, di-spi'rSm) [G.
An agent which possesses this property, com- twice, -I- speirema, wreath.] The double ch:
plete d., kills both vegetative forms and
one which matin skein in mitosis.
displacement (dis-plas'ment). 1. The adding to
spores, incomplete d., one which kills only the
vegetative forms, leaving the spores uninjured. fluid in an open vessel one of greater densi

disintegra'tion. Disaggregation or separation of whereby the first is expelled. 2. A substituti

the component parts of a substance, such as in a dream or concept of an abstract idea bj
occurs in catabolism or caries. concrete one.
Dispo'rea [G. di-, double, +sporos, seed.] A suborc
dislntoxica'tion. Detoxication.
of Myxosporidia, in which each sporozoite pi
disinvagina'tion. Relieving an invagination.*
duces a pansporoblast containing two spores t ;

disk. Disc
latter are wider than long.
dis'locate [L. dis-, apart, + locare, to place.] To dissect' [L. dis-, apart, + secare, to cut.] i,
'

luxate, to put out of joint. cut apart or separate the tissues of the body
dislocatio (des-lo-kah'te-o, dis-lo-ka'shyo) Dis- .
the study of anatomy. 2. In an operation,
location, luxation, d. erec'ta, a subglenoid separate the different structures along natu:
dislocation of the shoulder in which the arm is lines by cutting or tearing the connective-tiss
held vertically with the hand on top of the head. framework, instead of making a wide incision.
disloca'tion [L. dis^, apart, +
locus, place.] Displace- dissec'tion. The act of dissecting.
ment of an organ or any part; specifically a dis- dissem'inated [L. dis-, apart, -H seminare, to sot
turbance or disarrangement of the normal Widely scattered throughout an organ or tiss
relation of the bones entering into the formation or the entire body.
of a joint ; luxation. dissep'iment [L. dis-, apart, H- sepire,] to feni
disodic (di-so'dik). Noting a chemical compouncl Partition.
containing two sodium atoms in each molecule. dissimilation (dis-sim-i-la'shun) Disassimilatic
.

disorganiza'tion. Destruction of an organ or dissociation (dis-so-shl-a'shun) [L. dissociare,

tissue with consequent loss of function. separate.] i. Disassociation, separation, d
disorientation (dis-o-ri-en-ta'shun) [dis- priv. + solution of relations. 2. The change of a coi
orient, the east.] Loss of the sense of familiarity plex into a more simple chemical compound
with one's surroundings; loss of one's bearings. the action of heat. d. symp'tom, the loss of t
disparate (dis'par-at) [L. disparate, to separate.] pain and the thermal sense with preservation
Unequal, not alike. tactile sensibility.
dispen'saiy [L. dispensare, to weigh out, to distrib- dissolu'tion [L. dissolvere, to dissolve.] i. Dissol
ute.] I. A physician's office, especially the ing. 2. Death.
office of one who dispenses his own medicines. 2. dissolve (dl-zolv'). To change or cause to chan
The office of a hospital apothecary, where medi- from the solid to the liquid form by immersi
cines are given out on the physicians* orders. 3. in a fluid of suitable character.
(a) An out-patient department of u. hospital; dissol'vent. Solvent.
(&) a public institution where the sick poor dis'tad. Toward the periphery, in a distal directic
receive gratuitous treatment. dis'tal [L. disialis, distant.] Farthest from t
Dispen'satory [L. dispensator, one who dispenses center or the median line; farthest from t
(drugs).] A
work originally intended as a com- trunk, referring to the segments of the extrer
mentary on the Pharmacopeia, but now rather a ties; opposed to proximal.
supplement to that work. It contains an account dis'tance [L. distaniia.'] The measure of spa
of the sources, mode of preparation, physiolog- between two objects, fo'cal d., the distance frc
ical action, and therapeutic uses of most of the the center of a lens to its focus, in'finite
agents, official and non-official, employed in the infinity, the inner limit of distant vision, the ra
treatment of disease. entering the eyes from an object at that poi
dispense'. To give out medicine and other neces- being practically parallel; the distance is abc
sities to the sick. twenty feet.
dispermin (di-spur'min). Piperazin. distem'per [L. dis- priv. + temperare, to regulat
disperse (dis-purs') [L. dispersus; dispergere, to Disease, especially a disease of saiy of the lo"w
scatter about.] To discuss, to cause to disappear, animals; specifically a catarrhal disease of dc
noting a tumor. or other domestic animals, colt d., strangles.
disperse (dis'purs). The aggregate of finely divided distensibil'ity. The possibility or capability
suspended particles in a colloidal solution; called being distended or stretched.
also dispersed phase. distichia, distichiasis (dis-tikl-ah dis-tl-ki'a-s
;

diaper'sion. i. The act of dispersing or of being [G. di-, double, + siichos, row.] The presence
dispersed. 2. The more or less intimate incor- two rows of eyelashes on one lid.
poration of the particles of one substance into distichous (dis'tl-kus) [G. di-, double, 4- stichos
the mass of another, including solutions, suspen- row In botany, arranged in two altemati
sions, and colloidal dispersions. 3. Specifically, rows, above and below, on opposite sides of 1
what usually called, less correctly, a colloidal
is stem.
solution, coarse d., mechanical suspension. distil', distill' [L. de, down, -I- siillare, to dro
coUoid'al d., colloid solution*, d. coU'oid, dis- I. To practise distillation; to subject a liquid

persoid. d. me'dium, the liquid containing the the process of distillation. 2. 'To extract 1

disperse in a colloid solution, molec'ular d., a essence or active principle of a substance,

true solution. dis'tillate. The product of distillation.
dispersoid (dis-pur'soyd) [disperse \- G. eidos, re- distilla'tion. The volatilization of a liquid by hi
semblance.] A colloid solution in which the and the subsequent condensation of the vapoi
molecules of the solute can be brought closer to- means of separating the volatile from the n(
DISTILLATION 287 DIVERTICULUM
volatile, or the more volatile from the less volatile,
part of a liquid, destruc'tive d., dry d. of an
districhiasis (dis-trl-ki'a-sis) [G. dis, double, +
thrix {trick-), hair.] Growth of two hairs in a
organic substance with the object of effecting its single follicle.
decomposition with the giving off of its volatile dis'trix [G. dis, twice, +
thrix, hair.] An affection
constituents and the formation of new substances. marked by the splitting of the hairs at their ends.
dry d., the submission of an organic substance to disulphate (di-sul'fat). Acid sulphate, a salt of
heat in a closed retort, frac'tional d., the d. of sulphuric acid in which there is an atom of hy-
a compound liquid at varying degrees of heat drogen replaceable by a base.
whereby the components of different boiling disul'phide. A
compound with two sulphur atoms
points are collected separately. and one of the base.
distinctor (dis-tiuk'tor) .Palpatorium. disuse-atrophy (dis-us'a."tro-fl). Atrophy of a part
distobucc'al. Relating to the distal and buccal from long disuse, as that of the muscles of a
surfaces of a tooth, noting the angle formed by fractured limb.
their junction. disvolu'tion. Involution, degeneration
distobucco -occlusal (dis"to-bii"ko-8-kloo'zal) Re- . dita bark (de'tah). Aktonia.
lating to the distal, buccal, and occlusal surfaces ditaine (dl'tah-en). An alkaloid, CzjHj.NjO,, from
of a bicuspid or molar tooth, noting especially alstonia, echitamine; its action is like that of
the angle formed by the junction of these curare.
surfaces. dit'amine. An alkaloid, CisHisNO^, from alstonia.
distolaTlial. Relating to the distal and labial sur- dith'ion. Sodium dithiosalicylate, a mixture of
faces of a tooth, noting the angle formed by their two salts of sodimn with isomeric dithiosalicylic
junction. acids, or preferably one salt only, the other being
distolingual (dis-to-ling'gwal). Relating to the dis- precipitated out by means of sodium, chloride;
tal and lingual surfaces of a tooth, noting the a grayish yellow powder soluble in water; has
angle formed by their junction. been employed as a substitute for sodium salicy-
dlstolinguo -occlusal (dis"to-ling"gwo-6-kloo'zal). late in doses of gr. 8—15 (0.5-1.0), but is used
Relating to the distal, lingual, and occlusal sur- chiefly externally in foot-and-mouth diseases of
faces of a bicuspid or molar tooth, noting espe- cattle.
cially the angle formed by the junction of these Ditropeno'tus aureovir'idis. A mite parasitic on
surfaces. the wheat-straw worm, or larva of Isosoma
Dis'toma, Dis'tomum [G. di-, two, -I- stoma, mouth.] tritici which infests the straw of mattresses it is ;

A genus of trematode worms or flukes, the mem- believed to be the cause of straw-itch.
bers of which are now usually referred to other Dittrich's plugs (dit'trikh) [Franz Dittrich, German
genera, as Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Paragonimus, physician, 1815-1859.] Minute, dirty grayish,
Opistkorchis, Cotylogonimus, Chlonorchis, Dicro- ill-smelling masses of bacteria and fatty acid
celium, and Schistosomum, D, bus'ki, Fasciolop- crystals in the sputtun in pulmonary gangrene
sis buski. D. conjunc'tum, Opistkorchis noverca. and fetid bronchitis. D.'s steno'sis, narrowing
D. co'nus, Opistkorchis felineus. D. cras'sum, of the conus arteriosus of the heart.
Fasciolopsis buski. D. hepat'icum, Fasciola he- diu'razin. A
urinary antiseptic containing salicylic
patica. D. heteroph'yes, Cotylogonimus hetero- acid, formaldehyde, and theobromine; dose, gr. 5
phyes. D. japon'icum, Opistkorchis sinensis. (°-3).
D. lanceola'tum, Dicrocelium lanceatum. D. diure'sis [G. dia, intensive, + ouresis, urination.]
mag'num, Fasciola magna. D. pulmona'le, D. Abnormally great excretion of urine.
pulmo'nis, Paragonimus westermanni. D. rath- diuret'ic. Promoting the excretion of urine.
,..

oui'si, Fasciolopsis rathouisi. D. ring'eri, 2. An agent which increases the amount of urine.

Paragonimus westermanni. D. sibir'icum, direct' d., stimulant d. indirect' d., one which
Opistkorchis felineus. D. sinen'se, Opistkorckis acts by strengthening the heart or relieving renal
sinensis. D. spatula'tum, Opistkorchis sinensis. congestion, stim'ulant d., one which acts by
D. westermann'i, Paragonimus westermanni, irritating the kidneys.
distomatosis, distomiasis (dis-to-mah-to'sis, dis-to- diuret'in. Theobrominae sodio-salicylas (U.S.).
mi'a-sis). The presence in any of the organs or diur'nule [L. diurnus, daily.] A
pill, tablet, or

tissues of a worm of the genus Distoma or Dis- capsule containing the maximum daily dose of a
tomum, or in general of any parasitic trematode or drug.
fluke, pul'monary d., the disease caused by divergence (di-vur'jens) [L. di-, apart, -f vergere,
the presence of the lung fluke, Paragonimus to incline.] A
moving or spreading apart or in
westermanni. different directions.
disto-occlusal (dis"to-8-kloo'zal) Relating to the
.
diver'gent. Moving in different directions, radiat-
distal and occlusal surfaces of the bicuspid and ing.
molar teeth, noting especially the angle of di'ver's paral'ysis. Caisson* disease.
junction of these two surfaces. divertic'ular. Relating to a diverticulum.
distor'tor o'ris [L. distorter of the mouth.] The diverticulitis (di-ver-tik-u-li'(le')tis). Inflammation
musculus zygomaticus and musculus zygomat- of any diverticulum.
icus minor considered as one in their action of diverticulosis (di-vur-tik-u-lo'sis) [diverticulum +
raising the comers of the mouth in laughter. -osis.] The presence of a number of diverticula
distrac'tion [L. distractus; distrahere, to pull_ in of the intestine.
different directions.] i. Mental confusion, im- diverticulum (di-vur-tik'u-liun) [L. a by-road.] A
possibility of concentration or fixation of the
pouch or sac opening out from a tubular organ; an
offshooting cul-de-sac. d. duode'ni, papilla duo-
mind. 2. Extension on a limb made in a direc-
tion to draw apart the joint surfaces. deni. Meckel's d., see Meckel. Nuck's d., see
distribu'tion [L. distribuere, to distribute.] i. The Nuck. an upward projection from
pitu'itaiy d.,
the pharynx In the embryo, forming part of the
passage of the branches of arteries or nerves to
2. The area in pituitary gland.- pul'sion d., a d. formed by
the several tissues and organs.
pressure from within, trac'tion d., a d. formed by
which terminate the branches of an artery or a
nerve, or the area supplied by such artery or nerve.
the pulling force of contracting bands of adhesion;
 :; '

DIVERTICULUM BONDERS' GLAUCOMA

occurring mainly in the esophagus. Vater's d., these same bodies in many other febrile and even
papilla duodeni. non-febrile affections.
div'idend [L. dividers, to divide.] In life insurance, Doellinger's ten'dinous ring (de'ling-er) [Johann
the amount of the profits of the company appor- Ignaz Josef Doellinger, German physician, 1770-
tioned to the policy-holders yearly or at the end 1841.] A
thickening of Descemet's membrane,
of any stipulated period; see tontine, semiiontine, forming an elastic ring around he circumference
contribution, and deferred distribution. of the cornea.
dividivi (div-J-div'I). The pods of several species dog-nose. Goundou.
of Cassalpinia, South American plants, containing dog's-bane. Apocynum.
much tannin; employed as an astringent in diar- dog'wood. Comus.
rhea. Dolecoed, Wales. See Llanwrtyd.
dlvulse' [L. divulsus; divellere, to pull apart.]. To DoUris' meth'od (d6-la-re') [Jacques Am^d^e
tear away or apart. DoUris, French gynecologist, *i852.] Shortening
divulsiou (di-vul'shun). The removal of a part by of the round ligaments and fixation on either side
tearing instead of by cutting or dissection. 2. by a buttonhole in the rectus muscle just above
The forcing apart of the walls of a cavity or canal the spine of the ilium, for retrodeviation of the
forcible dilatation. uterus.
divul'sor. An instrument for forcible dilatation of dolichocephalic (dol-I-ko-sef-al'ik) [G. dolichos, long,
the urethra or other canal or cavity. -f kephale, head.] Having a disproportionately
Dixie Springs, Tenn.' Alkaline-saline waters, 58° P. long head. Noting a skull with a cephalic index
Dyspepsia and constipation. below 75, or an individual with such a skull.
Dix'on Mann's sign. See Mann's* sign. Among the dolichocephalic races are the Eskimo,
diz'ziness [A.S. dyzig, foolish.] Vertigo, giddiness. Kaffirs, Zulus, Australians, and Fijians.
dizz'y. Giddy, suffering from vertigo. dolichocephalism, dolichocephaly (doW-ko-sef'al-
D.N.B. Abbreviation for dinitrobenzene. izm, dol-i-ko-sef'al-i). The condition of being
D.O. Abbreviation of Doctor of Osteopathy. dolichocephalic.
Dobell's' en'ema [Henry Benge Dobell, English dolichocephalous (dol-i-ko-sef'al-us) Dolichoceph-
physician, 1828-1917.] A modification of v. alic.

Leube's nutrient enema, consisting of scraped dolichofacial (dol-I-ko-fa'shal). Dolichoprosopic.

boiled meat, boiled arrowroot, pancreas emul- dolichopellic (dol-I-ko-pel'ik) [G. dolichos, long, 4-

sion, pepsin, and pancreatin. D.'s solu'tion, pellis, bowl (pelvis) .] Having a disproportionately
liquor sodii boratis compositus (N.F,). long pelvis.
Do'bie's glob'ule [William Murray Dobie, English dolichoprosopic, dolichoprosopous (dol-i-ko-pros-
anatomist, 1828-1915.] A minute spherical o'pik, dol-1-ko-pros'o-pus) [G. dolichos, long, +
body (the nodal point of a sarcostyle), some- prosopikos, facial.] Having a disproportionally
times seen in the light band in a striated muscle long face.
fiber. D.'s lay'er, D.'s line, the dark line in the dolichouranic (dol-I-ko-u-ran'ik) [G. dolichos, long,
center of the light band of a muscle fiber, marking + ouranos, vault of the palate.] Having a
the limits of the sarcomere; Krause's membrane. palatal index below no.
dochmiasis (dok-mi'a-sis). Uncinariasis. dolichuian'ic. Dolichouranic.
Dochmius (dok'me-us) [G. dochmios, aslant.] do'lomol. A white powder, composed chiefly of
Uncinaria. magnesium stearate, employed as a dusting
docima'sia, docimasy (dos'i-ma-sl) [G. dokimazo, I powder.
examine.] An assay, analysis. dolor (do'lor) [L.] Pain, one of the classical signs
docimas'tic. Relating to an assay or analysis. of inflammation, d. cap'itis, headache, especially
dock. The rump of a horse. pain due to changes in the scalp or bones rather
doc'tor [L. a. teacher.] i. A
title conferred by a than in the intracranial structures.
university on one who has followed a prescribed domatophobia (do-mS-to-fo'W-ah) [G. doma, house,
course of study, or given as a mark of distinction -t- phobos, fear.] Amorbid fear of being in a
as doctor of medicine, doctor of laws, etc. 2. A house; a form of claustrophobia.
physician, especially one upon whom has been dome-cells. The large cells forming the outer layer
conferred the degree of M. D. by a university or of the epidermis (epitrichium) in the embryo.
medical school. 3. To treat medically. dom'inate [L. dominor, I rule.] The characteristic
dodecadactyUtls (do"dek-ah-dak"tWi'(le')tis) G. of one or the other parent which appears in the
dodekadaktylon -+- -iiisi\ Inflammation of the majority of the descendants; see Mendel's* law.
duodenum. Dominici tube (dii-min-e-se') [Henri Dominici,
dodecadactylon (do"dek-ah-dak'ti-lon) [G. dodeka, French physician, contemporary.] A silver tube
twelve, + daktylos, finger.] Duodenum. for the application of radium, allowing the pas-
Doe's meth'od [Orlando Witherspoon Doe, American sage of only the beta and gamma rays.
physician, 1843— 1890.] For resuscitation of a Don'aldson's test. For sugar in the urine; to the
stillborn infant; the child is enclosed in an air- urine is added a solution of sodium carbonate
tight box with only the mouth and nose exposed 75 gr., potassic hydrate 7S gr., potassium bitar-
inspiration is then produced by exhausting the trate 90 gr., copper sulphate 60 gr., in water r
air in the box, expiration by forcing in warm ounce; the presence of sugar is indicated by a
air. greenish yellow color.
Doederleln's bacill'us (dS'der-lin) [Albert Doederlein, Don'ders' glauco'ma [Franz Cornelius Danders,
Munich obstetrician, i860— 1919.] A
bacillus Dutch ophthalmologist, 1818-1889.] Simple
normally present in the vaginal secretions. atrophic glaucoma. D.'s law, (i) the age at
Doehle's inclu'aions (de'Ieh) [P. Doehle, German which asthenopia begins corresponds nearly to
histologist and pathologist, *i855.] Multiple the denominator of the fraction which expresses
bodies, staining less darkly than the nuclei, the degree of hypermetropia (2) the rotation of
;

found by Doehle in the cytoplasm of the neutro- the eyeball is determined by the distance of the
philic multinuclear leucocytes in cases of scarlet object from the median plane and the line of the
fever. Other investigators claim to have found horizon. D.'s pres'sure, an increase of about 6
BONDERS' GLAU 289 DOUGLAS'S CUL-DE-SAC

mm. of mercury shown by a manometer con- doisodynia (dor-so-din'J-ah) [L. dorsum, back, +
nected with the trachea when the thorax of the G. odyne, pain.] Notalgia, muscular rheuma-
dead body Is opened; it is caused by the collapse tism of the upper part of the back.
of the lungs when air is admitted to the thorax. dorsolat'eral. Relating to the back and the side.
D.'s rings, the colored rings seen in glaucoma. dorsoposterioT (dor-so-pos-te'rl-or). Having the
D.'s test, a test for color vision by means of back directed backward, noting the position of
lanterns with colored glass sides. the fetus in utero, with its back toward the back of
Donne's cor'puscles (don-na') [Alfred Donni, the mother.
French physician, 1801— 1878.] Leucocytes con- dorsoven'trad [L. dorsum, back, + venter, belly.]
taining fat droplets, found in colostrum. D.'s In a, direction from the dorsal to the ventral
test, if urine containing pus is mixed with a aspect.
10 per cent, solution of potassium hydrate and dor'sum, gen. dorsi, pi. dorsa [L. back.] 1. The •

strongly shaken, a lumpy hyaline mass is formed back. 2. The upper or posterior surface, or the
through which air-bubbles rise very slowly; also back, of any part. d. ephip'ii, d. sellee. d.
called DonnS-Mueller test [Edward Mueller]. ma'nus, the back of the hand. d. na'si, the
Don'ovan's solu'tion [Edward Donovan, English ridge of the nose, looking forward and upward.
pharmacist, 1798— 1837.] Liquor arseni et hy- d. pe'dis, the back, or upper surface, of the foot.
drargyri iodidi. d. pe'nis, the aspect of the penis opposite to that
dope (dop) [Dutch doop, sauce.] i. Any drug, of the urethra, d. scap'ulse, the posterior surface
either stimulating or stupefying (o) administered of the scapula, d. sell'ae, a square portion of bone
to man or animal for its temporary effect, or (6) on the body of the sphenoid posterior to the sella
taken habitually. 2 To administer dope (10). turcica, or fossa hypophyseos
3. To be addicted to some drug. Slang in all dosage (do'sej). i. The giving of medicine or other
senses. therapeutic agent in prescribed amounts. 2.

Dopp'ler's phenom'enon (Christian Doppler, The determination of the proper dose of a remedy.
Austrian mathematician, 1803-1853.] The dose [G. dosis.] The quantity of a drug or other
pitch of a. whistle on a locomotive or other remedy to be taken or applied all at one time or in
rapidly moving body is higher when the machine fractional amounts within a given period. In
isapproaching the listener; the principle is the homeopathy, the dilution or attenuation of the
same in regard to light as to sound. remedy, and the number of times the remedy is
doiaphobia (do-rah-fo'bl-ah) [G. dora, hide, + to be given, dai'ly d., the total amount of a
phobos, fear.] A
morbid fear of touching the skin remedy which is to be taken within twenty-four
or ftir of animals. hours, divi'ded do'ses, fractional amounts, given
Dorendorf's sign (dor'en-dorf) H. Dorendorf, at intervals, of the entire dose of a remedy.
German physician, *i866.] Fulness of one le'thal d., one likely to cause death, max'imuni
supraclavicular groove in case of aneurysm of d., the largest amount of a drug which an adult

the aortic arch. can take with safety, mln'imum d., the smallest
dormigene (dor'mi-jen) [L. dormire, to sleep, -|- amount of a drug which will produce a phys-
G. gennao, I produce. ] Trade name of a British iological effect in an adult.
make of bromural. dosimet'ric. Relating to dosimetry, d. sys'tem, a
dor'miol. Chloralamylene hydrate. v system of medical practice in which the remedies
doTsabdom'inal. Relating to the back and the used are for the most part alkaloids, made into
abdomen. granules of definite minimmn dose, to be given at
dor'sad [L. dorsum, back, -I- ad, to.] Toward or in short and regular intervals.
the direction of the back. dosim'etry [G. dosis, dose, + meiron, measure.J
dor'sal [L. dorsalis.] Relating to the back. Practice of medicine by the dosimetric* system,
dorsal'gia dorsum, back, + G. algos, pain.]
[L. do'sis [G. a giving.] Dose the amount of a medicine
;

Notalgia, pain in the back. or other therapeutic agent which is to be taken at

dorsicor'nu [L. dorsum, back, -f- cornu, horn.] The one time or within a stated period, d. curati'va,
posterior, or dorsal, cornu, or horn, of the spinal the smallest dose of a specific remedy which will
cord. effect a cure. d. refrac'ta, broken dose, divided
dor'siduct [L. dorsum, back, + ducere, to draw.] dose, fractional dose a definite fraction of a full
;

To draw backward or toward the back. dose of a remedy; it is given repeatedly at short
dorsiflexion (dor-sl-flek'shun). Bending toward intervals, so that the full dose is taken within a
the back; noting flexion of the foot, the dorsum specified period, d. tolera'ta, the largest dose of
approaching the leg, which, by analogy with the a remedy which the animal organism will accept
hand, would be called extension. without the production of injurious symptoms.
dorsim'esal. Relating to the dorsimeson. do'tage, do'tardness. The mental weakness of

dor'simeson [L. dorsum, back, + G. mesos, middle.] extreme old age.

dothienenteria (do"the-en-en-te'ri-ah) [G. dothien,
The dorsal border of the meson, or median plane
a boil, enteron, intestine.]
-1- Dothienenteritis,
of the body.
Relating to the dothinenteria, dothinenteritis, typhoid* fever.
dorsiscapular (dor"s!-skap'u-lar).
dorsal surface of the scapula.
doub'let. A
combination of two lenses designed to
dorsispinal (dor"si-spi'nal). Relating to the spinal correct the chromatic and spherical aberration.
Woll'aston d., a d. in the eyepiece of a microscope.
column, especially to its dorsal aspect, d. veins,
veins forming a plexus around the arches and
douche (doosh) [Fr. doucher, to pour.] i. A
current

processes of the vertebras. of water, gas, or vapor directed against the surface
or projected into a cavity. 2. An instrument for
dorsoanterior (dor-so-an-te'ri-or). With the back
giving a douche. 3. To apply a douche. Scotch
directed forward, noting a position of the fetus
d., a d. of hot and cold water alternately applied.
in utero with its back directed toward the anterior
Tiv'oli d., the application of a hot d. to the abdo-
abdominal wall of the mother.
dorsoceph'alad [L. dorsum, back, + G. kephall, men of one lying in a bath of cooler water.
Doug'las's cul-de-sac [James Douglas, English anat-
head, H- L. ad, to.] Toward the occiput, or
omist, 1675-1742.] Excavatio rectouterina
back of the head.
19
DOUGLAS'S CUL-DE-SAC 290 DREUW'S METHOD

[BNA]. D.'s fold, plica rectouterina[BNA]. D.'s dragee (drS-zha') [Fr.] A sugar-coated pill or
line, linea semicircularis [BNA]. D.'s pouch. capsule.
D.'s cul-de-sac. D.'s sep'tum, the junction of Drag'endoifi's test[Johann Georg i^oelDragendorjf,
Rathke's folds in the fetus, forming the rectum. German physician and pharmaceutical chemist,
Douglas's mech'anism [John C. Douglas, Irish ob- 1836-1898.] For bile: a play of colors is pro-
stetrician, 1777-1850.] A mode of spontaneous duced by adding a drop of nitric acid to white
version sometimes occurring in cases of trans- filter paper or unglazed porcelain, moistened
verse presentation. with a fluid containing bile pigments.
douglasltis (dug-las-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the drag'on's blood. Resina draconis.
vagina limited more or less strictly to Douglas's drain (dran) [A.S. drehnian, to draw off.] i. To

cul-de-sac' draw off the fluid from a cavity, especially to

dounda'ke bark. Dundaki bark. provide for its exit immediately it is formed. 2.
dourine (doo'ren) [Fr.] Mai de coit; a trypanoso- An arrangement, in the shape of a tube or wick,
miasis of horses, conveyed by the sexual act it is; for removing the fluid as it collects in a cavity,
caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum, and is especially a wound cavity, cigarette' d., a wick
characterized by inflammation of the genitals, of gauze wrapped in rubber tissue, providing cap-
glandular swelling, and paralysis of the hind illary drainage.* Mik'ulicz d., see Mikulicz.
quarters. stab d., a d. passed into the cavity through a
Do'ver's pow'der [Thomas Dover, English physician puncture made at a dependent part away from
and navigator, 1660-1742.] Pulvis ipeoacuanhae thewound of operation, designed to prevent
,

compositus (Br.), pulvis ipecacuanhas et opii infection of the wound.

(U.S.) ; the original formula was opium and ipecac drainage (dra'nej). The continuous withdrawal of
of each 10, niter and potassium sulphate of each pus and other fluids from a wound or other cavity.
40. syr'up of D.'s p., syrupus ipecacuanhae et opii cap'illary d., d. by means of a wick of gauze, horse-
(N.F). hair, or other material, through d., d. obtained
dow'el. A pin for fastening together two pieces of by the passage of a perforated tube, open at both
stone or wood; in dentistry a peg for fastening extremities, through a cavity; in addition to pro-
an artificial crown to the natural root of a viding for the escape of fluids, this allows for the
tooth- washing out of the cavity by the forcing of water
Downes sep'arate-u'rine sy'phon [Andrew J. Downes, through the tube.
American physician, contemporary.] An instru- dram [see drachm^ Drachm, a unit of weight; J
ment for obtaining the urine from each ureter ounce, 60 grains, apothecaries' weight; j'j ounce,
separately; it consists of a lever in the rectum 27.34 grains, avoirdupois weight.
which is pressed against the bladder making ti drapetomania (drS-pe-to-ma'nl-ah) [G. drapetes, a
central ridge; on each side of this ridge is a per- runaway, + mania, frenzy.] Vagabondage,
forated curved beak attached to a catheter dromomania; an uncontrollable or insane im-
through which the urine on that side is syphoned pulsion to wander.
away as soon as it enters the bladder. drastic (dras'tik) [G. drastikos, active.] i. Act-
Dox'tatter's min'eral well, N. Y. Saline-sulphur- ing powerfully. :j. A powerful purgative.
eted calcic waters. Aperient. draught. Draft.
Doyen's opera'tion (dwi-yahn') [Eugene Louis dread. To fear greatly, to apprehend. 2. An
Doyen, Paris surgeon, 1859—1916.] Eversion of extreme fear or apprehension.
the sac in the treatment of hydrocele. D.'s dream (drem). A
series of fantastic, more or
se'rum, a serum alleged to be curative of cancer. less coordinate ideas or images, formed in the
DoySre's em'inence or hil'lock (dwS-yair') [Louis mind during sleep.
Doykre, French physiologist, 1811— 1863.] A dream-pain. Hypnalgia.
slight elevation at the point where a nerve-fiber dream -work. The process by which the change from
enters muscle; the type of a motor-nerve ending latent to manifest content of a dream is effected.
in insects called also D.^s papilla or tujt.
; Drech'sel's test [Edmund Drechsel, Swiss chemist
D.P. Abbreviation of Doctor of Pharmacy. 1843-1897.] For bile: the suspected fluid is
D.P.H. Abbreviation of Doctor or Diploma of heated with a mixture of sugar and phosphoric
Public Health. acid, whereupon a reddish brown color is pro-
D.R. Abbreviation of reaction of degeneration. duced if bile is present.
drachm (dram) [G. drachme, an ancient Greek drench. In veterinary practice, a draught of medi-
weight equivalent to about 66^ grains.] Dram. cine forced down the throat of an animal.
dracontiasis (dra-kon-ti'a-sis). Infestation with the drench'ing-hom. Ahorn-shaped receptacle used
guinea-worm. for giving a drench.
dracontium (dra-kon'-shyum) [G. drahon, dragon.] drepanid'ium [G. drepanS, a sickle.] A
young, sickle-
Skunk-cabbage, stinking hellebore, coUard; the shaped or crescentic form of a gregarine.
rhizome and roots of Spathyema fcetida {Symplo- dres'ser. In Great Britain, a surgical exteme or
carpus fcetidus, DraconHum fasiidum), a common interne, one whose duty it is to dress wounds, etc.
plant in the swamps of North America said to be
; dress'ing. The material applied to a wound for
a sialogogue, antispasmodic, and narcotic, in the purpose of excluding the air, stimulating
doses of gr, 10—20 (0.6-1.3). repair, etc. antisep'tic d., a. d. of gauze impreg-
Dracun'culus (L. dim. of draco, serpent.] A genus nated with bichloride of mercury, carbolic acid,
of Nematoda, formerly included in Filaria. D. or other antiseptic, occlu'sive d., one which
lo'a, Filaria loa. D. medinen'sis [L. of Medina], hermetically seals a wound, wa'ter d., an
D. persa'rum [L. of the Persians], Filaria medin- application of gauze, cotton, or other material
ensis. D. oc'uli, Filaria loa. which is kept wet with sterilized water.
draft. Draught, i. A current of air in a confined Dress'ler's disease'.Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria.
space. ^. A quantity of liquid medicine, greater Dreuw's method (droiv) [Dreuw, German derma-
than can be taken in one swallow, ordered as a tologist, contemporary.] A method of treatment
single dose, black d., inf usum sennse compositum. of lupus by freezing the part and then rubbing
d. of Rive'rius, liquor sodii citratis. in hydrochloric acid.
 ;

IIBBLE 291 DRUG

btle. To drool, slaver, drivel. To fall in dropsi (N.P.). pec'toral d., tinctura peotoralis. stom'-
ISthe urine from a distended bladder. ach d., a stomachic tonic, usually tincture of
tburg, Prussia (dre'boorg). Alkaline-chalyb- gentian, alone or with other stomachics.
sate-carbonated waters. Cold. Used by drink- drop'sical. Relating to or suffering from dropsy.
ng and bathing in anemia, chlorosis, diseases of dropsy (drop'sl) [G. hydrops."] Hydrops; an ex-
;he nervous system, catarrhal conditions, women's cessive accumulation of clear watery fluid in any of
iiseases, urinary disorders, renal diseases, gout, .the tissues or cavities of the body; variously
ind rheumatism. May i to October 15. called, according to its character and location,
igalski-Conradi agar (dre-gahl'ske-kon-rah'de edema, anasarca, ascites, hydrothorax, hydro-
a'gar) [W. v. Drigalski, German bacteriologist, pericardium, etc. car'diac d., (i) hydropericar-
*i87i Heinrich Conradi, German bacteriologist.]
;
dium; (2) dropsy consequent upon heart disease.'
See under agar. cuta'neous d., edema, epidem'ic d., a disease
11. I. To make a hole in bone or other hard sub-
which has been observed in epidemic outbreaks in
stance. :s. An instrument for making a hole in India and Mauritius; it is marked by dropsy,
bone or in a tooth. anemia, and a mild fever; the mortality in the
observed epidemics varied from 2 to 8 per cent.
ip-sheet. A cool, wet sheet wrapped around the re'nal d., dropsy consequent upon kidney disease.
body, the patient standing in a basin of warm
sleep'ing d., sleeping-sickness, subcuta'neous d.,
water.
anasarca, edema, wet d., beriberi.
roitwich, England (droyt'ich). Saline waters.
Used by bathing in rheumatism, gout, gonorrheal abdomen, ascites, hydroperitoneuni, hydrocelia,
arthritis, peripheral neuritic palsies, chorea, amnion, hydramnios. brain and membranes, hydro-
cephalus, hydrencephalus, hydromeninx, hydrocra-
tabes, women's diseases, debility, and traumatic nium, wet-brain, chest, hydrothorax. conjunctiva,
cases. Open the entire year. chemosis. ear, hydrotis, hydrotympanum, hydroi
o'mograph [G. dromos, a running, + graphs, I myringa, hydromyrinx, otohydrops, othydrops. eye,
hydrophthalmia, hydrophthalmus. eyelid, blephar-
record.] An instrument for recording the rap- edema. Fallopian tube, hydrosalpinx, fingen, dac-
idity of the blood circulation. tyledema. foot, podedema. gall-bladder, hydroohole-
cystis. general, anasarca, nydroncus, hydrosarca.'
omomania (drom-o-ma'nl-ah) [G. dromos, a run- heart, hydropericardium, hydrocardia. joints, hy-
ning, + mania, frenzy.] Drapetomania, vaga- drarthrosis, kidney, hydronephrosis, nephredema.
bondage. larynx, edema glottidis. lungs, pneumonedeipa.;
ovary, hydroarium, hydrovarium. peripardium,
omotrop'ic [G. dromos, a miming, +
tropikos, hydropericardium. peritoneum, hydrpperitoneum,
relating to a turn.] Influencing the conductivity ECScites. scrotum, hydroscheocele. skin, edetna, hy-
of nerves, neg'atively d., diminishing, and droderma, hygroderma. spermatic cord, hydj-ofcele.
spinal cord, hydrorrhachis, hydrom^jeHa. thor^-
pos'itively d., increasing nerve conductivity. hydrothorax. toes, dactyledema. tunica vaginalis,
op[A.S.dro^^a».] 1. To fall in globules. 2.Topour hydrocele, hydrorchis. tympanum, hydrotympanum.
ureter, hydroureter. uterus, hydrometra. uvula,
liquid from a container in separate globules, not
staphyledema, vagina, hydrocolpocele.
in a continuous stream. 3.1 A
globule of liquid
that falls from a container. 4. TJie smallest co- dros'era [G. droseros, dewy.] (N.P.) Sundew,
herent mass of a liquid that falls from a container, youth-wort. The dried plant, Drosera rotundi-
regarded as a unit of measure; equivalent in the folia, D. intermedia, or D. longifoUa, employed
case of water to about i minim. 5. liquidA i n the treatment of chronic bronchitis and other

medicine dosed in drops (see drops'). 6. A solid respiratory affections, in doses of 3 1 (4. o) of the
confection in globular form, usually directed to fluidextract.
be allowed to dissolve in the mouth, a'ge du., Drouot's plas'ter (droo-o') [Theophile Drouot,
liquor potassii arsenitis. black d,, acetum opii. French oculist, "1803.] A mixture of canthar-
d. serene', gutta serena, amaurosis, hang'ing d., ides, mezereon, and resin.
a drop of liquid on the under surface of the ob- drow'siness [A.S. drusan, to become sluggish.]
ject glass for examination under the microscope Sleepiness, somnolence.
see drop culture.* hon'est drops, drops of blood drow'sy. Sleepy, somnolent.
which exude and fall spontaneously (without drug. I. Any substance employed as a medicine
in the treatment of disease. 2. To give medicine,
pressure or suction) from the congested finger-
tip when pricked; a term employed by opso- usually with the sense of giving medicine in
nists. imnecessarily large quantities. 3. To narcotize.

rop-cul'ture. Hanging drop culture.* crude d., an unrefined drug, the whole drug with
rop-finger. Flexion of the terminal phalanx of a all its ingredients, in distinction from an extract,

foiger, with loss of the power of extension, due tincture, or other preparation or from its alkaloids
or other active principles, d. addic'tion,
to rupture of the extensor tendon near its inser-
tion into the base of the distal phalanx, or to habituation to the use of a drug, the deprivation
paralysis of the extensor muscle. of which gives rise to symptoms of distress,
rop-foot. Paralysis of the dorsal flexor muscles abstinence or withdrawal symptoms, and an
of the foot, as a consequence of which the foot irresistible impulsion to take the drug again;
falls, the toes dragging on the groimd in walking; pharmacopsychosis. d. disease', (i) morbid
dangle foot. symptoms caused by a drug and not by the
rop-jaw. The paralytic stage of rabies in the dog disease for the cure of which that drug is given.
(dumb-madness- or suUen rabies), so called from (2) in homeopathy the aggregate of symptoms
one of its most characteristic symptoms. noted in the proving of a drug, which symptoms,
rop-hand. Wrist-drop. when caused by a natural disease, are indica-
rop-heart. Cardioptosis. tions for the administration of small doses or
rop-phalangette (fal-an-jef). Drop-finger. high potencies of the same drug. d. erup'tion,
ropp'ing. Limping of a horse with elbow-disease. dermatitis medicamentosa. d.-£ast, noting mi-
rops. A
popular term for a medicine taken in croorganisms which are resistant to the action
doses measured by drops, usually a tincture, or of any medicament, such as mercury or quinine,
applied by dropping, as a coUyrium. eye d., present in the circulating blood, d. treat'ment,
coUyrium. hot d., tinctura capsici et myrrhffi pharmacotherapy, the use of drugs, as distin-
DRUG 292 DUCT

guished from water, air, heat, electricity, and Dubois's meth'od (du-bwah') [Paul Dubois, Swiss
other natural forces, exercise, diet, etc., in the psychotherapist, contemporary.] A form of
treatment of disease. psychotherapy in which the nature of the disease
drum. The tympanum of the ear. is carefully explained to the patient, the aim of

drum'head, drum-mem'brane. Membrana tympani. the treatment is outlined, and the patient is
Dnim'mond's sign [David Dru-mmond, English persuaded or forced into lending his aid to the
physician, 19th century.] A puffing sound, syn- physician.
chronous with the cardiac systole, heard from the DuBois-Reymond coil (dii-bwah-ri'mond) [Emil
nostrils, the mouth being closed, in certain cases DuBois-Reytnond, Berlin physiologist, 1818-
of aortic aneurysm. 1896.] An induction coil in which the secondary
Drum'mond-Mor'ison opera'tion [David Drummond; coil is movable. DuB.-R.'s law, it is the variation
Rutherford Morison, English surgeon, *i8s3.] in intensity of an electrical current, and not its
An operation to establish anastomoses between absolute intensity, that stimulates a muscle or a
the systemic and portal venous system to relieve motor nerve.
ascites; it consists in opening the abdominal duboi'sea. The leaves of Duboisea myoporoides,
cavity, scrubbing with a sponge the peritoneum corkwood elm, a tree of Australia, having prop-
of the liver and spleen and the corresponding erties similar to those of belladonna and
portions of the parietal peritoneum, and suturing hyoscyamus.
the omentum across the abdominal wall. duboisine ("du-boy'sen). An alkaloid obtained from
drum'stlck-bacill'us. j. The tetanus bacillus, duboisea. The sulphate is the salt usually em-
which lias a spore at one end, giving it a fancied ployed as a hypnotic and in the treatment of
resemblance to a drumstick; also B. putrificus, paralysis agitans in doses of gr. -f^-^js (0.0008-
which is a similar spore-bearing bacillus. o.oois) ; it is also used as a mydriatic.
drum'stick-fingeis. Hippocratic fingers. Duboscq's colorim'eter (du-bosk') [Jules Duboscq,
drunk'enness. Alcoholic intoxication. Paris optician.] An apparatus for measuring
drupe [G. drypepes, overripe.] A succulent indehis- the depth of tint in a fluid by comparing it with
cent fruit, in which the pericarp is fleshy and the a standard fluid; glass cylinders are immersed in
endocarp indurated, containing the seed within, each of two cups containing, one the standard
such as a cherry. fluid, the other the fluid to be tested; on looking
Diys'dale's cor'puscles [Thomas Murray Drysdale, through the cylinders the tints are equalized by
Philadelphia gynecologist, 1831-1904.] Certain raising or lowering the cylinder in one cup, and
formed elements in the fluid of an ovarian cyst, the extent of this raising or lowering registers
alleged to be pathognomonic. the exact difference in tint.
D.t. Abbreviation for duration tetany.* Duchesne's disease' (dii-shen') [Guillaume Benja-
DTN. Abbreviation for diphtheria toxin normal; min Amant Duchenne, commonly called Duchenne
a diphtheria toxin of which j^
c.c. will kill a de Boulogne,French neurologist, 1806-1875.]
standard guinea-pig, weighing 250 grams, in I. Tabes 2. Bulbar
dorsalis. paralysis. D.'s
three or four days is marked DTN' that of which
; paral'ysis, pseudohypertrophic muscular paralysis.
.j'j- c.c. is the minimal lethal dose is marked D.'s symp'tom, falling in of the epigastrium
DTN<i-», etc. during inspiration in paralysis of the diaphragm.
DTH'M"». [D, diphtheria, +
T, toxin, N^, + D.'s syn'drome, subacute or chronic anterior
normal solution, -I- M'^", Meerschweinchen, spinal paralysis combined with multiple neuritis.
guinea-pig, weighing 250 grams ] Behring's Duchenne'-Aran's disease' (ar-on') [Franfois Amil-
formula of a normal toxin solution, or a toxin- car Aran, French physician, 1817-1861.] Pro-
bouillon containing 100 diphtheria toxin units in gressive muscular atrophy beginning in the upper
a cubic centirreter. extremity. D.-A. type, muscular atrophy begin-
D.T.P. Abbreviation for distal tingling on percus- ning in the hand, causing the main en griffe or
sion, Tinel's* sign. griffin-claw.
du'alism [L. dualis. relating to two.] i. In chem- Duchenne'-Erb's paral'ysis [see Erb.] Paralysis of
istry the theory that every compound, no matter the deltoid, biceps, anterior brachial, and long
how many elements enter into it, is composed of supinator muscles, called muscles of the D,-E.
two parts, one electrically negative, the other group.
positive. 2. The doctrine, now universally Duchenne-Landouzy type. See Landouzy.
accepted, that the hard and the soft chancre are duck'bill spec'ulum. A bivalve vaginal speculum,
two distinct affections, and not two different the blades of which are broad and flattened,
manifestations of the same disease. resembling a duck's bill.
Duane's test (doo-an') [Alexander Duane, New Duck'worth's phenom'enon [Sir Dyce Duckworth,
York ophthalmologist, *i858.] A
screen is held London physician, *i84o.] Arrest of respiration
for a moment between the light and the eye to be before stoppage of the heart in certain cases of
examined and then is suddenly shifted in front fatal brain disease.
oi the other eye; if there is imbalance of the Ducrey's bacil'lus (doo-kra'e) [Augusto Ducrey,
muscles of the first eye the image of the light will Italian physician, contemporary.] A strepto-
be displaced. bacillus described as the specific cause of
Dubini's disease' (doo-be'ne) [Angelo Dubini, chancroid,
Milan physician, nineteenth century.] Electric duct [L. ductus; ducere, to .lead.] 1. To turn, to
chorea* (i). vert, noting the revolving movement of a limb or
Dubois's ab'scess or disease' (dii-bwah') [Paul Dubois, other part. a. To lead, to draw from or to a

Parisian obstetrician, 1795-1871.] i. A cavity fixed point. 3. A tubular structure giving exit
with softened contents due to the breaking down to the secretion of a gland, or conducting any
of a gumma in the thymus, occurring in children fluid, [For the anatomical names of the ducts,
with congenital syphilis. 2. A cyst of the thy- see duciulus and ductus; and for ducts bearing the
mus caused by the growth of thymic tissue into names of the discoverers {Botai's d., Gartner's d.,
Hassall's corpuscles. D.'s shears, strong shears etc.), see the proper names.] acous'tic d., meatus
used for decapitation of the fetus. acusticus extemus. alimen'tary d., ductus thora-
DUCT 293 DUCTUS
cicus. alve'olar d., a terminal bronchiole, bile < d. epooph'ori longitudina'Us, Gartner's duct, one of
d., gall d. canalic'ular d., one of the branches of the tubules of the epoophoron, placed at right angles
the milk ducts, clo'acal d., Reichel's d. def- ^ to the other tubules and parallel to the Fallopian tube;
inite d., one of the milk ducts in the nipple. it is the remains of the anterior portion of the Wolfiian

excre'tory d., ductus excretorius. duct and the analogue of the canal of the epididymis
galactoph'-
in the male.
orous d., ductus lactiferus,
gall d., see ductus
d. excreto'rius, a duct carrying the secretion from a
biUferi, ductus
choledochus, ductus cysticus. gland or a fluid from any reservoir.
gutt'ural d., Eustachian tube, tuba* auditiva.
d. galactoph'orus, d. lactiferus.
mamm'ary d., mamm'illary d., see ductus lactiferus.
d. hemithcrac'icus, an accessory thoracic duct,
mesoneph'ric d., a duct in the erftbryo developing, usually emptying into the thoracic duct, but some-
in the male, into the vas deferens, metaneph'ric times discharging independently into the right sub-
d., a ureter developing from the metanephron. clavian vein.
om''phalomesenter'ic d., umbilical d. proneph'- d, hepat'icus [BNA], a duct for the transmission of
ric d., a duct of the pronephros in the embryo. bile received from the interlobular ducts; it arises at
sal'ivary d., see under Bartholin, Rivinus (the sub- the bottom of the porta hepatis and outside this fissure
lingual ducts), Stenson (the parotid d.). and joinsthe cystic duct tof orm the ductus choledochus.
d. hep^atopancreat'icus, duct of Wirsung.
Wharton (the submaxillary d.). segmen'tal d,,
d. incisi'vus [BNA], duct of Stensen, a rudimentary
one of two ducts in the embryo leading into the duct, or protrusion of the mucous membrane into the
cloaca, umbil'ical d., a canal in the embryo con- incisive canal, on either side of the anterior extremity of
necting the umbilical vesicle and the intestine. the nasal crest.
urogen'ital d., see Miiller's d. and Wolfian d. d. interlobula'res [BNA], ducts for the transmission
vi'telline d., umbilical d. of bile received from the ductus biliferi; they run
ducfless. Having no duct, noting certain glands between the lobules of the liver and empty into the
ductus hepaticus.
having only an internal secretion. d. lacrima'lis [BNA], lacrymal duct, a curved canal
duc'tule. Ductulus, a small duct. beginning at the punctum lacrimale in the margin of
duc'tulus [L. dim. of ductus^ duct.] A
minute each eyelid near the medial commissure and running
duct. d. aber'rans, vas aberrans. d. alveola'- transversely inward to empty with its fellow into the
ris, a terminal bronchiole, d. ef'ferens tes'tis lacrymal sac.
{p\, duc'ttUi efferen'tes), one of a number (12 to 14)
d. lactiferus [BNA], milk-duct, one of the ducts con-
veying the milk secreted in each lobe of the mamma
of small seminal ducts leading from the testis
and opening at the nipple.
to the globus major of the epididymis. d. lingualis [BNA], a pit on the upper surface of the
duc'tus, gen. and pi. ductus [L.] Duct. tongue at the apex of the sulcus terminalis; it is the
d. aber'rans, vas aberrans. remains of a tubular structure (ductus thyreoglossus)
d. Aran'tii, d. venosus. in embryonic life, from which is developed the isthmus
d. arterio'sus [BNA], d. Botalli,a vessel of communi- of the thyroid gland.
cation between the pulmonary artery and the arch of d. lymphat'icus dex'ter [BNA], right lymphatic
the aorta in the fetus; it becomes transformed after duct, one of the two terminal lymph vessels, a short
birth into a fibrous cord, the ligamentum arteriosum. trunk somewhat less than an inch in length, formed by
d. bilif'eri [BNA], biliary canaliculi; the excretory the union of the right jugular lymphatic vessel and
ducts of the liver originating within the hepatic vessels from the lymph nodes of the right upper ex-
lobules and running between the hepatic cells to dis- tremity, thoracic wall, and viscera; it lies on the right
charge into the interlobular ducts. side of the root of the neck and empties into the right
d. BotaKli, d. arteriosus. vena anonyma.
d. choled'ochus [BNA], common bile-duct, formed d. nasa'Us, nasal duct, d. nasolacrimalis [BNA].
by the union of the hepatic and cystic ducts; it passes d. na9olacrinia''lis [BNA], nasolacrymal duct, nasal
from the mouth of the portal fissure (porta hepatis) to duct, a canal leading downward from the lacrymal
the duodenum into which it discharges through a sac on each side to the anterior portion of the inferior
common orifice with the pancreatic duct. meatus of the nose, through which the tears are con-
d. cochlea'ris [BNA], cochlear duct, membranous ducted into the nasal cavity,
cochlea, scala media; a spirally arranged membranous d. om'''phalomesenter'icus, vitelline or omphalo-
tube suspended within the cochlea, occupying the lower mesenteric* duct.
portion of the vestibular scala; it begins by a blind d. pancreat'icus [BNA], duct of Wirsung, the excre-
extremity, cacum vestihulare, in the recessus cochlearis tory duct of the pancreas running through the center of
of the vestibule, terminating in another blind ex- the gland and discharging with the common bile duct
tremity, ccBcum cupulare or lagena, at the cupola of through a common orifice at the bile papilla of the
the cochlea; it contains endolymph and communicates duodenum.
with the sacculus by the ductus reuniens. d. pancreat'lcus accesso'rius [BNA], Bernard's canal,
d. commu'nis choled'ochus, d. choledochus, Santorini's duct, the excretory duct of the head of the
d. cys'ticus TBNA], the duct leading from the gall- pancreas, one branch of which joins the pancreatic
bladder; it joins the hepatic duct to form the ductus duct, the other opening independently into the duo-
choledochus, -^,
denum.
d. def'erens [Bin 'Z, vas deferens, the excretory d. pancreat'icuB az'ygos, d. pancreaticus accessorius
duct of the testicle, running from the epididymis, of [BNA].
which it is the continuation, to the prostatic urethra d. paraurethra'les [BNA], paraurethral ducts, the
where it terminates as the ductus ejaculatorius. ducts of Skene's (paraurethral) glands, opening in the
d. dorsopancreat'icus, duct of Santorini.
• vestibule of the vagina on either side of the urethral
d. ejaculato'rius [BNA], the duct formed by the orifice.

union of the vas deferens and the excretory duct of d, parotide'ua [BNA], Steno's or Stensen's duct, the
the seminal vesicle, which opens into the prostatic duct of the parotid gland opening from the cheek into
urethra. the vestibule of the mouth opposite the second molar
d. endolymphatlcus [BNA], endolymphatic duct, a tooth.
small membranous canal, connecting with both sacculo d. perilymphat'icus [BNA], perilymphatic duct, aque-

and utricle of the membranous labyrinth, passing duct of the cochlea, a fine canal connecting the perilym-
-through the aquaeductus vestibuli, and terminating in a phatic space of the cochlea with the subarachnoid
dilated blind extremity, saccus endolymphaticus, on the space.
posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal d. prostat'icl [BNA], prostatic ducts, about twenty

bone beneath the dura mater. minute canals which receive the prostatic secretion
d. epididym'idis fBNA], canal or duct of the epididy- from the glandular tubules and discharge it through
mis, a convoluted tube into which the vasa efferentia openings on either side of the crista urethralis in the
posterior wall of the urethra.
open and whichitself terminates in the ductus deferens.
 DUCTUS 294 DUNFERMLINE SCALE

d. reu'niens [BNAl, uniting duct, oanalis reuniens, a dulcam'arin. A glucoside, CjzHjjOi,,, obtained
short membranous tube passing from the lower end of from dulcamara, called also dulcarin, plcrogly-
the sacculus to the ductus cochlearis of the membran- cion.
ous labyrinth. durcarin. Dulcamarin.
d. semicircula'ris [BNA], semicircular duct, one of Dulcite. 2. Sucrol.
dul'cin. i.
three membranous tubes, superior, lateral, and pos- Dulcin, dulcitol, duloose,
dul'cite [L. dulcis, sweet.]
terior, contained in, but only partly filling, the three
semicircular canals. euonymite, melampyrite; a sugar, C,Hi,0„
d. sublingua'lis ma'jor [BNA], duct of Bartholin, a obtained from several species of Euonymus and
duct of the sublingual gland, opening with or near of Melampyrum; it is similar to mannite.
Wharton's duct on the sublingual papilla, dull. Not sharp or acute, in any sense noting a ;

d. sublingua'IiB mi'nor [BNA], one of the ducts of surgical instrument, the action of the mind, pain,
'

Rivinus or Rivini, ducts of the sublingual salivary

a sound, especially the percussion note, etc.
glands, Walther's' ducts.
dull'ness, dul'ness. The character of the sound
d. submaxilla'ris [BNA], Wharton's duct, the duct of
the submaxillary salivary gland, opening at the sub- obtained by percussing over a solid part which is
lingual caruncle. incapable of vibrating.
d. sudorif'erus [BNA], sweat duct, the superficial Dulong-Petit law (dii-lawri'pS-te') [Pierre Louis
portion of the sweat gland which passes through the Dulong, French chemist, 1785-1838.] The spe-
corium and epidermis, opening on the surface by the cific heat of the atoms of all simple solid bodies
porus sudorif erus.
is the same.
d. thorac'icus [BNA], thoracic duct, the largest
lymph vessel in the body, beginning at the cisterna
dumb [A.S.] Mute, speechless, unable to speak.
chyli at about the level of the umbilicus, passing up- d. a'gue, an irregular malarial attack in which the
ward through the aortic opening of the diaphragm and stage of chill is absent.
the posterior mediastinum, crossing from the right to dumb-bell. 1. A crystal of ammonium urate or
the left of the vertebral column at the level of the fifth of calcium carbonate, having a dumb-bell shape.
thoracic vertebra, and discharging into the left vena 2. Amicroscopic body of dumb-bell shape seen
anonyma at thei nner border of the scalenus muscle. muscular tissue.
in striated
d. thyreogloss'us [BNA], an embryonic tubular struc-
dumb'-madness. The paralytic form of rabies in
iure, growing down from the middle portion of the
vlinus arcuatus, which forms the isthmus of the thyroid the dog; drop- jaw; sullen rabies.
gland; its beginning persists in the adult as the fora- dumb'ness. Muteness, inability to speak.
men* caecum linguae. Dnm'dum fe'ver [Dum Dum, a town near Calcutta in
d. utriculosaccula'ris [BNA], utriculosaccular duct, India.] A disease occurring in India which
one of the branches of origin of the endolymphatic resembles dysentery in its general symptoms,'
duct, arising from the inner aspect of the utricle.
supposed to be due to infection with aT piroplasma
d. veno'sus Aran'tii [BNA], venous duct of Arantius,
the continuation, in the fetus, of the umbilical vein
or a trypanosome.
to the vena cava inferior ; at lairth it becomes obliter dununiness (dum'I-nes). Mental dulness and
ated, forming the ligamentum ductus venosi. apathy occurring as a sequel of acute encephalitis
d. Woffi'i [BNA], Wolffian* duct. in the horse.
dumm'y. i. One who is silent, -j. Something
Dud'dell's memtrane [Benedict Duddell, English fictitious. 3. In dentistry, pontic, an artificial
octilist, eighteenth century.] Descemet's mem- tooth in a bridge.
brane, lamina elastica posterior. Dumontpallier's pes'sary (du-mawi-pal-ya') [Al-
Dud'ley's opera'tion [Emilius Clark Dudley, Chicago phonse Dumontpallier, French physician, 1826-
gynecologist, *i8so.] Desmopyknosis; shorten- 1898.] Mayer's pessary, an elastic ring pessary.
ing of the round ligaments by attaching them by D.'s test, for bile: over the suspected liquid in a
loops to the antenor wall of the uterus, for the test-tube a little tincture of iodine is very carefully
relief of a retrodisplacement. poured, whereupon a green color appears at the
Duehr'ssen's meth'od ^Itred Duehrssen, German plane of contact of the two fluids if bile is present.
obstetrician, '''1862.] From 3 to 5 deep incisions Dun'bai's se'rum [William Philipps Dunbar, a phy-
into the cervix uteri as far as the vaginal jtinc- sician of American birth, director of the Hygienic
tiou to hasten dilatation in delivery. D.'s Institute of Hamburg, Germany, *i863.] PoUan-
opera'tion, vaginal fixation of the uterus. D.'s tin.
tam'pon, filling of the vagina with iodoform Dun'can's folds [James Matthews Duncan, English
gatize in case of uterine hemorrhage. gynecologist, 1826-1890.] The folds on the
Dugas'a test [Louis Alexander Dugas, American' peritoneal surface of the uterus immediately
physician, *i8o6.] In the case of an injured after delivery. D.'s xnech'anism, the passage of
shotilder, if the elbow cannot be made to touch the placenta from the uterus with the lower edge
the chest while the hand rests on the opposite in advance. D.'s ven'tricle, fifth ventricle,
shoulder the injury is a dislocation and not a cavum septi pellucidi.
fracture of the humerus. Dun'can's meth'od [Charles H. Duncan, New York
Duh'iing's disease' [Louis Adolphus Duhring, physician, '1880.] Autotherapy (4).
Philadelphia dermatologist, 1845— 1913.] Der- Dun'can Springs, Cal. Alkaline-calcic waters. Rheu-
matitis herpetiformis. matism, dyspepsia, and constipation.
duipara (doo-Ip'ah-rah) [L. duo, two, + parere, to dundakl bark (doon-dah'ke). The bitter bark of
bear.] A
woman who has borne two children in Sarcocephalus esculenius, a shrub of West Africa,
two pregnancies, secundipara. chewed by the natives it is tonic and febrifuge in
;

Dukes' disease' [Clement Dukes, English physician, doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2) of an extract.
contemporary.] Fourth disease.* dun'daklne. An alkaloid of Sarcocephalus esculen-
dulcamara (dul"kah-mah'rah) [L. dulcis, sweet, -f tus; in poisonous doses it arrests respiration.
amarus, bitter.] (N.F.) Bittersweet, poison- Dunfermline scale (dun-furm'lin skal) [Dunferm-
berry, wolf-grape; the dried young branches of line, a city in Scotland where the system was
1 Solanum dulcamara, a climbing plant of the developed.] A
scale of classification of children
north temperate zone; diuretic, diaphoretic, according to their condition of nutrition, as (i)
sedative, and narcotic in doses of 5 i~I (2 0-4 o)
• • superior, (2) passable, (3) requiring supervision,
or 31 (4.0) of the fluidextract. and (4) requiring medical care.
 ;

DUODENAL 29s D.V.M.S.

duod'enal. Relating to the duodenum. du'ra [L. fem. of durus, hard.] Dura mater.
duodenec'tomy [duodenum + G. ektome, excision.] du'ral. Relating to the dura mater, d. sheath,
Exsection of the duodenum. the sheath of the optic nerve, an extension of the
duodenitis (du-o-de-ni'(ne')tis). Dodecadactylitis, dura mater.
Inflammation of the duodenutn. dural'umin. An alloy of aluminum slightly heavier
duodenocholangitis (du-o-de"no-ko-lan-ji'(je')tis) [L. than this metal but nearly as strong as steel and
duodenum + G. chole, bile, + angeion, vessel, + non-corrodible used in the manufacture of
;

-itisl\ Inflammation of the duodenum and chole- surgical and orthopedic appliances.
doch duct. du'ra ma'ter [L. hard mother.] A tough, fibrous
duodenocholecystostomy (du-o-de"no-ko-le-sis-tos'- membrane, forming the outer envelope of the
to-ml) [L. duodenum + G. chole, bile, + kystis, brain {d. m. enceph'aK [BNA] or cer'ebri) and of the
bladder, + stoma, mouth.] The operative forma- spinal cord (rf.jre. spina'lis [BNA]). inflamma'-
tion of a fistula between the duodenum and the tion of the d. m., pachymeningitis, perimenin-
gall-bladder. gitis, duritis.
duodenocholedochotomy (du-o-de"no-ko-led-o-kot'- durama'tral. Dural.
o-ml). Incision into the common bile-duct and dura'men [L. hardness.] The heart-wood of an
the adjacent portion of the duodenum. exogenous tree.
duodenocystos'tomy. Duodenocholecystostomy. Durande's rem'edy (dvt-rahnd') [Jean Franfois
duodenoenterostomy (du-o-de"no-en-ter-os'to-mI) Durande, French physician, ti794-] Essence
[L. duodenum +
G. enteron, intestine, stoma, + of turpentine 10, sulphuric ether 15, employed
mouth.] The operative establishment of a in the treatment of gallstones.
communication between the duodenum and Durante's meth'od (doo-rahn'ta) [Francesco Durante,
another part of the intestinal tract. Italian surgeon, contemporary.] Injection of
duodenos'toxny [L. duodenum + G. stoma, mouth.] iodine into the focus or around it in cases of
The operative establishment of a fistula into the surgical tuberculosis.
duodenum. duraplasty (du'rah-plas-ti) [dura mater + G.
duodenot'omy [L. duodenum + G. tome, incision.] plasso, Iform ) A plastic or reconstructive op-
.

A cutting into the duodenum. eration on the dura mater.

duodenum (du-o-de'num) [L. duodeni, twelve.] Dur'ham's tube [Arthur Edward Durham, English
Dodecadactylon the first division of the small
; surgeon, 1834—1895.] A jointed tracheotomy
intestine,about 11 inches, or 12 finger-breadths tube.
(hence the name) in length, extending from the duritis (du-ri'(re')tis). Pachymeningitis, inflam-
pylorus to the junction with the jejunum at the mation of the dura mater.
level of the first or second lumbar vertebra on duroarachnitis (du-ro-4-rak-ni'(ne')tis). Inflamma-
the left side. tion of the dura mater and arachnoid membrane.
duoto'nol. Trade name for a special preparation of Duroziez's disease' (dti-ro-ze-a') [Paul Louis Duro-
calcium and sodium glycerophosphates see tonol.; zier, Paris physician, 1826— 1897.] Congenital
Duplay's bursi'tis (du-pla'e) [Simon Duplay, French stenosis of the mitral valve. D.'s symp'tom, a
surgeon, *i836.] Subdeltoid or subacromial double murmur heard over the femoral artery,
bursitis. when lightly compressed by the stethoscope, in
dupUcitas (du-plis'I-tas) [L.] Duplicity, d. ante'- cases of aortic insufficiency.
rior, a. monstrosity with duplication of the head Dusart's syr'up (du-sar') [Lucien O. Dusart, French
and upper part of the body. d. poste'rior, a mon- physician, nineteenth century.] A syrup of lacto-
strosity with duplication of the pelvic extremity. phosphate of lime dose, 52-4 (8 0—1 6.0).
; .

duplicity (du-plis'I-tl) [L. duo, two, -f- pUcare, to dust-ball. A mass sometimes found in the stomach
fold.] A congenital malformation marked by or intestine of a horse or other animal fed largely
duplication of one or more parts ; double monster. on mill-cleanings.
Dupr£'s bursi'tis (du-pra'). Inflammation of the dust'-bod'ies. Blood-dust.
bursse about the shoulder joint. dust-disease'. Pneumonoconiosis or any disease
Dupre's disease' (dii-pra') [Ernest Dupri, French (usually an occupation disease) caused by the
physician, *i862. Emotional psychoneurosis, action of dust.
marked by an earnest desire and effort on the dust'ing-pow'der. Talcum or other fine powder
subject's part at self control, thus distinguished used to sprinkle over the skin to absorb moisture,
from hysteria and other psychoneuroses. D.'s prevent friction, etc.

syn'drome, meningism. Dutch liq'uid. Ethylene bichloride.

Dupuytren's contrac'tiou (dii-pue-trahn') [Guil- disease' or D.'s relap'sing fe'ver [J.^
Dut'ton's
laume Dupuytren, French surgeon, 1777-1835.] Everett Dutton, English physician, contem-
Contraction of the palmar fascia causing perma- porary. ] West African tick fever caused by
nent flexion of one or more fingers. D.'s frac'ture, Spiroschaudinnia duttoni and spread by a tick,
Pott's fracture. D.'s hy'drocele, bilocular hydro- Ornithodoros movbata.
cele in which the sac fills the scrotum and also Duval's nu'cleus (dii-val') [Mathias Marie Duval,
extends into the abdominal cavity beneath the French anatomist, 1844-1915.] A
collection of
peritoneum. D.'s paste, a caustic compound of large ganglion cells near the hypoglossal
I part arsenic to 10 or 15 parts calomel.
D.'s nucleus.
sign, (i) free up and down movement of the head Duverney's gland (du-ver-na') [Joseph Guichard
of the femur, upon intermittent traction, in cases Duverney, French anatomist, 1648— 1730.] Bar-
tholin's gland, glandula* vestibularis major. D.'s
of congenital dislocation; (2) a crackling sensation
fora'xnen, Winslow's foramen, foramen* epiploi-
on pressixre over the bone in certain cases of
sarcoma. D.'s splint, (i) a splint for D.'s fracture cum. D.'s frac'ture, fracture of the tip of the
of the Shvla. ; (2) a splint for fracture of the wrist. ilium just below the anterior superior spine.
D.'s su'ture, a continuous Lembert* suture (2)
D.V.M. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veiterinary
D.'s tour'niquet, an Medicine.
see cut under suture.
D.V.M.S. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary
instrument for making compression on the
Medicine and Surgery.
abdominal aorta.
D.V.S. 296 DYSCRASIC

D.V.S. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary dynamos'copy. Auscultation of a contracting mus-

Surgery or Doctor of Veterinary Science. cle.

dwarf (dwawrf) [A. S. dweorh.] A markedly under- dyne (din) [G. dynamis, force.] A unit of force, the
sized person, nanus, pigmy, asex'ual d., an force which propels a weight of one gram a dis-
adult subject of infantilism with deficient sexual tance of one centimeter in one second.
development; a permanent child, in'fantile d., dys- [G.] A prefix conveying the idea of bad or
a subject of infantilism, micromel'ic d., one difficult.
whose limbs are unduly small, nor'mal d., dysacousia, dysacusia (dis-S-koo'sl-ah, dis-4-ku's!(-ah)
physiological d. phocomel'ic d., one in whom the [G. dys-, painful, -t- dkousis, hearing.] con- A
diaphyses of the long bones are extremely short, dition in which all noises produce a sensation of
or in whom the intermediate parts of the limbs discomfort.
are absent, physiolog'ical d., an undersized dysaesthe'sia. Dysesthesia.
person, not deformed, whose development has
dysantigraph'ia [G. dys-, bad, -t- antigrapho, I write
been symmetrical and at a normal rate, but less
in extent than that of members of other races,
back.] A
form of agraphia in which the subject
is unable to copy writing or print.
members of other families, or other members of
the same family, primor'dial d., a well developed
dysaphia (dis-af'I-ah) [G. dys-, bad, haphl, +
touch.] An impairment in the sense of touch.
but abnormally small person, sex'ual d., an
dysaph'ic. Relating to impaired tactile sensibility.
adult primordial d. with perfect sexual develop-
ment, true d., nanosome; either a primordial or dysarterlotony (dis-ar-te-rJ-ot'o-nit) [G. dys-, bad,
sexual d., or an infantile or asexual d. -f artiria, artery, + tonos, tension. ] Abnormal
dwaxflshness (dwawrf 'ish-nes). Nanism, abnormal blood pressure, either too high or too low.
smallness, the condition of being undersized. dysar'thria [G. dys-, bad, +
arthron, articulation.]
dwarfism (dwawrf'izm). Dwarfishness. Dyslalia, difficulty in articulation, d. litera'lis,

Dy. Chemical symbol of the element dysprosium. stammering, d. syllaba'ris spasmod'ica, stutter-
dy'ad [G. dyas, the number two, duality.] x A pair. ing.
2. In chemistry, a bivalent element. dysar'thrlc. Relating to difficidty in articulating.
dy'mal. Trade name of a preparation of did3Tnium dysarthro'sis [G. dys-, bad, +
arthrosis, joint.] i.

salicylate, employed as a dusting-powder or in Dysarthria, a. Malformation of a joint. 3.

10 per cent, ointment in bedsores, hyperidrosis, A false joint.

ulcers, and other affections of the skin. dysbasia (dis-ba'sl-ah) [G. dys-, difficult, basis a +
-dymus [G. didymos, twin.] A termination denot- step.] Difficulty of any kind in walking, d.
ing a twin monster, the first element of the word angiosclerot'ica, d. intennit'tens, intermittent
denoting usually the point of attachment prac- : limping.* d. lordot'ica progressi'va, torsion
tically the same as ~pagus. neurosis, an affection characterized by lordo-
dynamic (di-nam'ik) [G. dynamis, power.] Relat- scoliosis of the lower portion of the vertebral
ing to power or force; causal, kinetic, d. elec- column, occurring when the patient stands or
tric'ity, flowing or current electricity, in distinction walks and usually disappearing when he lies
from static electricity, d. mur'mur, a heart mur- down. d. neurasthen'ica intermitt'ens, a form
mur due to anemia or to any other cause than a of intermittent limping, occurring in the neuras-
valvular lesion, d. school, a group of theorists thenic, not dependent upon vascular trouble.
founded by Stahl who professed the belief that dysbu'lia [G. dys-, bad, 4- boule, will.] Weakness
all vital action is the result of an internal force and uncertainty of will-power.
independent of anything external to the body. dysbu'lic. Relating to dysbulia.
dynam'ics. The branch of physical science which dyscheiria. See dyscMria.
treats of forces and their laws; it embraces dyschezia (dis-ke'zl-ah) [G. dys-, difiicult, + cheto,
statics and kinetics. I Difficijty in defecation.
defecate.]
dynamization (di-nam-i-za'shun). In homeopathy, dyschiria (dis-ki'rl-ah) [G. dys-, difficult, -1- cheir,
the increase of potency of a medicine by tritura- hand.] A
disorder of sensibility in which,
tion or by dilution in water with succussion; see although there is no apparent loss of sensation,
potency (3). the patient is unable to tell which side of the
dy'namize. To Increase the potency of a medicine body has been touched (achiria), or refers it to
by trituration or by succussion In water. the wrong side (flllochiria) or to both sides
,

dy'namo [G. dynamis, force.] A machine for pro- {synchiria).

ducing current electricity by means of magnetic dyschiric (dis-ki'ric). Relating to dyschiria.
induction. dyscho'lia (dis-ko'll-ah) [G. dys-, bad, -I- chole, bile.]
dynamogen'esis [G. dynamis, force, + genesis, pro- A
morbid state of the bile.
duction.] The production of force, especially of dyschondroplasia (dis-kon-dro-pla'zl-ah) [G. dys-,
muscular or nervous energy. bad, -f- chondros, cartilage, +
plasis, a forming.]
dynamogen'ic [G. dynamis, force, + gennao, I pro- Chondrodystrophy, achondroplasia.*
duce.] Producing power or force, especially dyschroia, dyschroa (dis-kroyah, dis-kro'ah) [G.
nervous or muscular power or activity. dys-, bad, -I- chroia, chroa, complexion.] A bad
dynamogeny (di-nam-oj'en-I). Dynamogenesis. complexion, discoloration of the skin.
dynam'ograph [G. dynamis, force, -I- grapho, I write.] dyschromatopsia (dis-kro-ma-top'sl-ah) [G. dys-, bad,
An instrument for recording the degree of muscu- + chrama(chrdmat-), color, + opsis, vision.]
lar power. Partial color-blindness.
dynamom'eter [G. dynamis, force, + metron, meas- dyschro'mia (dis-kro'ml-ah) [G. dys-, bad, -I- chroma,
ure.] An instrument for measuring the degree color.] Any abnormality in the color of the skin.
of muscular power. dyscine'sia. Dyskinesia.
dynamoneure (di-nam'o-nur) [G. dynamis, force, -)- dyscrasia (dis-kra'sl-ah) [G. bad temperament.]
neuron, nerve.] A spinal motor nerve-cell. A morbid general state resulting from the presence
dynam'oscope [G. dynamis, force, + shaped, 1 of toxic matters in the blood.
examine.] A modified stethoscope for ausoulta dyscra'sic, dyscrat'ic. Relating to or suffering from
tion of the muscles. a dyscrasia.
DYSCRINISM 297 DYSMNESIA
dyscrinism (dis-kri'nizm) [G. dys-, bad, + seed or offspring.] Noting a bacterial culture of
krino, I separate, secrete.] A
conjiition result- sparse growth.
ing from an altered or perverted secretion of dysgraph'ia [G. dys-, bad, -I- graphs, writing.] i.
any of thg glands, especially of the endocrines. Difficulty in writing, a mild degree of agraphia.
dysdiadochocinesia (dis-di-ad"o-ko-sin-e'sI-ah) [G. 2. Writer's cramp.
dys-, difficult, +
diadochocinesia.] Impairment of
dyshematopoiesia (dis-hem"a-to-poy-e'sl-ah) [G.
the power of alternately moving a limb in op-
dys-, bad, + haim.a(haimat-), blood, -I- poiesis,
posite directions, as of flexion and extension.
making.] Imperfect blood-making.
dysdiemorrhysis (dis-di-em-or'i-sis) [G. dys-, diffi-
dyshidria (dis-hid'ri-ah) Dyshidrosis.
cult, + dia, through, + haima, blood, + rysis, a .

dyshidrosis, dysidrosis (dis-i-dro'sis) [G. dys-, dif-

flowing ] Sluggishness of the capillary circulation.
dyse'mia, dyss'mia [G. dys-, bad, -f- haima, blood.] ficult, + hidros, sweat.] i. Retention of fluid
Any disease of the blood. in the sweat-follicles, giving rise to vesicles;
dysendocrima (dis-en-do-krin'i-ah). Dysendo-
miliaria, hydrocystoma, and possibly pom-
crinism. pholyx. 2. Slight or abnormal sweating.

dysendocriniasis (dis-en-do-krin-i'a-sis). Dysen- dysidria (dis-id'ri-ah). Dyshidrosis.

docrinism. dyshormonism (dis-hor'mo-nizm) Deficiency in
.

dysendocrinism (dis-en-dok'rin-izm) [G. dys-, diffi- any of the internal secretions, or hormones.
cult, + endocrine + -ism.] Faulty or deficient dyshypophysia (dis-hi-po-fiz'I-ah). Perverted ac-
action of the endocrine glands, and the disorders tion of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis cerebri,
resulting therefrom. and the symptoms resulting therefrom.
dysente'ria. Dysentery. dyshypophysism (dis-hi-pof 'i-sizm) . Dyshypo-
dysenter'ic. Relating to or suffering from dysentery. physia.
dysentery (dis'en-ter-I) [G. dys-, bad, -I- entera, dyskinesia (dis-kin-e'sl-ah) [G. dys-, bad, + kinesis,
bowels.] A
disease marked clinically by fre- movement.] Difficulty in performing voluntary
quent small stools, chiefly of blood and mucus, movements, d. al'gera, an hysterical condition
accompanied by pain and tenesmus; it may be in which active movement causes pain, but
acute or chronic, sporadic or epidemic, and is due gentle movements are still possible, d. inter-
to the action of a specific bacillus or of a specific mitt'ens, intermittent limping or a, similar con-
ameba. ame'bic d., an ulcerative inflammation dition of temporary functional disturbance in the
of the miucous membrane of the large intestine, upper extremities.
caused by the presence of Entam<Bba dysenteriie, dyskoimesis (dis-koy-me'sis) [G. dys-i difficult, +
marked by the usual symptoms of d., and some- koimesis, a sleeping.] A form of insomnia
times by extreme prostration, bac'illary d., a marked by difficulty or delay in falling asleep.
catarrhal, m.em.branous, or necrotic inflammation dyslalia (dis-lal'I-ah) [G. dys-, bad, -f lalia, talking.]
of the mucous membrane of the large intestine, Dysarthria; difficulty of speech due to abnormaUty
due to the presence of Bacillus dysenterieB., marked in the tongue or other accessory organs of speech.
by the usual symptoms of d. cil'iar d., a form of dyslez'ia [G. dys-, bad, -I- lexis, word, phrase.] In-
dysentery caused by infection with Balantidium complete alexia, inability to read more than a
coli, a protozoan parasite of the class of Ciliaia. few lines with understanding.
spirill'aT d., a form of dysentery or diarrhea, de- dyslochia (dis-lo'kl-ah) [G. dys-, difficult, lochia, +
scribed as occurring in the south of France, be- the discharge after childbirth.] Premature cessa-
lieved to be caused by a spirillum present in tion of the lochia.
great numbers in the intestinal epithelia. dyslogia (dis-lo'ji-ah) [G. dys-, bad, -|- logos,
dyserethism (dis-er'e-thizm) [G. dys-, bad, + ere- speaking, reason.] i. Impairment in the power
thismos, irritation.] A condition of slow re- of speech in consequence of a central lesion.
sponse to stimuli. 2. Impairment of the reasoning faculty.
dysergasia (dis-ur-ga'sl-ah) [G. dys-, bad, + ergasia, dysmasesis (dis-mS-se'sis) [G. dys-, difficult, -t-
work.] Neurasthenia. masesis, chewing.] Difficulty in mastication.
dysergia (dis-ur'ji-ah) [G. dys-, bad, -f- ergon, work.] dysmenorrhea, dysmenorrhoea (dis-men-or-re'ah)
A lack of harmonious action between the muscles [G. dys-, difficult, -I- men, month, +
rhoia, a flow.]
concerned in executing any definite voluntary Difficult and painful menstruation, mechan'ical
movement, due to irregularity of the efferent d., d. due to an obstruction to the escape of the

nerve impulses. menstrual blood, mem'branous d., d. accompa-

dysesthesia, dyssesthesia (dis-es-the'zl-ah) [G. dys-, nied by an exfoliation of the menstrual decidua
hard, difficult, +
aisthesis, sensation.] i. Im- obstruc'tive d., mechanical d. ova'rian d., d. due
pairment of sensation short of anesthesia. 2. to disease of ah ovary, spasmodic d., d. accom-
A condition in which a disagreeable sensation is panied by painful contractions of the uterus.
produced by the ordinary touch. tu'bal d., d. due to stenosis or other abnormal
dysfunction (dis-fung'shun) [G. dys-, difficult, bad.] condition of the Fallopian tubes, u'terine d., d.
Abnormal or incomplete functioning of an organ. resulting from disease of the uterus; vag'inal d.,
dysgen'esis [G. dys-, bad, +
genesis, generation.] d. due to obstruction or other abnormal condition
Sterility. in the vagina.
dysgeusia (dis-ju'sl-ah) [G. dys-, bad, + geusis, taste.] dysmet'ria [G. dys-, bad, + metron, measure.] A
Impairment or perversion of the gustatory sense. form of dysergia in which the subject is unable
dysglandular (dis-glan'du-Iar). Relating to ab- to arrest a muscular movement at the desired
normal functioning of the glands, specifically to point or, sometimes, to prevent an involuntary
a deficiency or excess of the internal secretions reverse movement.
of one or more glands, d. syn'drome, the dysmim'ia [G. dys-, bad, -I- mimeomai, I mimic]
I. Impairment of the power of expression by
aggregate of symptoms dependent upon an
gestures. 2. Imperfect power of imitation.
excess or deficiency of any internal secretion.
dysgnosia [G dys-, bad, 4- gnosis, knowledge.] dysmnesia (dis-mne'sj-ah) [G. dys-, difficult, +
Any intellectual anomaly; of. dysthymia. mneme (in compounds mnesi-), memory.] A
dysgon'ic [G. dys-, bad, + gonikos, relating to the naturally poor or an impaired memory.
DYSMORPHISM -"98 DYSTONIA

dysmorphism (dis-mor'fizin) [G. dysmorphia, bad- contraction of the adductor muscles of the
ness of form.] Allomorphism. larjmx excited by attempted phonation, occur-
dysmorphophobia (dis-mor-fo-fo'bl-ah) [G dys-, ring chiefly in public speakers and analogous
bad, + morphe, form, + phobos, fear.] An in- seemingly to writer's cramp.
sane fear or dread of deformity. dyspho'ria [G. dys-, bad, -|- phoros, bearing.] Rest-
dysneu'ria [G. dys-, bad, + neuron, nerve.] Im- lessness, a feeling of being ill at ease.
paired nerve function. dysphrasia (dis-fra'zl-ah) [G. dys-, bad, + phrasis,
dysnystaxis (dis-nis-taks'is) [G. dys-, difficult, + speaking.] Dysphasia.
nyslaxis, drowsiness.] Light sleep, a condition of dysphylaxia (dis-fi-laks'i-ah) [G. dys-, difficult, -f-
half sleep. phylaxis, watching. ] A
form of insomnia
dysodontiasis (dis-o-don-ti'a-sis) [G. dys-, difficult, marked by too early awakening.
bad, 4- odous{odont-), tooth.] Difficulty or ir- dyspinealism (dis-pin'e-al-izm) [G. dys-, difficult.]

regularity in the eruption of the teeth. The syndrome resulting from deficiency of the
dysontogenesis (G. dys-, bad, + ontogenesis.'] De- pineal gland secretion.
fective development of the individual. dyspituitarism (dis-pit-u'i-tar-izm) The com-.

dyso'pia [G. dys-, bad, + opsipp), eye.] Dysopsia. plex of phenomena due to a perverted secretion,
dysop'sia [G. dys-, bad, + opsis, vision.] Imipaired either excessive or deficient, of the pituitary
sight. body (hypophysis cerebri).
dysorexia (dis-o-rek'sl-ah) [G. dys-, bad, -|- orexis, dysplasia (dis-pla'zl-ah) [G. dys-, bad, + plasis, a
appetite.] Diminished appetite, or a desire for moulding.] Alloplasia.
unwholesome food. dyspne'a, dyspnoe'a [G. dys-, bad, -I- pnol, breath-
dysosmia (dis-oz'mi-ah) [G. dys-, difficult, -1- oim«, ing.] Shortness of breath; difficult respiration.
smell.] Impaired sense of smell. dyspne'ic, dysp'neal. Relating to or siiffering
dysovarism (dis-o'var-izm) [G. dys-, bad, dif- from dyspnea.
ficult.] Imperfect or insufficient internal dyspragia (dis-pra'jl-ah) [G. lack of success.] Dys-
ovarian secretion. praxia.
dyspancreatism (dis-pan'kre-S-tizm) [G. dys-, bad, dysprax'ia [G. dys-, bad, + praxis, a doing.] Im-
-)-pancreas.] A
condition of disturbed func- paired or painful functioning in any organ.
tioning of the pancreas, one or two of the three dy sprosiufn (dis-pro'si-um) A very rare element,
.

ferments being absent. symbol Dy, atomic weight 162.5.

dyspareunia (dis-pS-ru'ni-ah) [dys-, bad, + pareu- dysproteose (dis-pro'te-02). An altered form of
nos, lying beside.] The occurrence of pain in the heteroproteose, from which it differs in solubility,
sexual act. obtained by prolonged contact with water.
dyspep'sia [G. dys-, bad, + pepsis, digestion.] In- dysrhythmia (dis-ridh'mJ-ah) [G. dys-, bad, +
digestion, acid d., d. associated with undue rhytkmos, rhythm.] Defective rhythm.
gastric acidity, adhe'sion d., pain, dyspepsia, dysspermatisin, dysspennia (dis-spur'm^-tizm, dis-
and other symptoms due to perigastric adhe- spur'ml-ah) [G. dys-, bad, -\- sperma, seed.]
sions following ulcer or gallstone disease. The occurrence of pain or discomfort in the dis-
aton'ic d., d. with impaired tone in the muscular charge of the seminal fluid.
walls of the stomach, fermen'tative d., d. dyssyllabia (dis-sil-la'bl-ah) [G. dys-, difficult, -f
accompanied with fermentation of the contents syllabe, syllable.] Syllable-*stumbling.
of the stomach, usually occurring in gastric dyssynergia (dis-sin-ur'jl-ah) [G. dys-, difficult, +
dilatation, flat'ulent d., d. attended with syn, with, + ergon, work.] A failure to work in
frequent eructations of gas, due to chronic unison or harmony, ataxia, d. cerebellar'is
gastritis, func'tional d., (i) atonic d.; (2) progressi'va, Hunt's syndrome (i).
nervous d. gas'tric d., impairment of gastric dyssystole [G.dyi-, difficult, + syrfoZc.]
(dis-sis'to-lii)
digestion, intes'tinal d., impairment of the Cardiac insufficiency with dilatation; asystole.
digestive power of the intestinal secretions. dystaz'ia [G. dys-, bad, -)- taxis, order.] A mild
ner'vous d., d. resulting from defective in- degree of ataxia.
nervation of the stomach, re'fiex d., nervous dysthymia (dis-thi'mi[-ah) [G. dys-, bad, + thymos,
d. excited by reflex irritation from disease in mind, emotion, thymus gland.] i. Any mental
some other part. anomaly; cf. dysgnosia. 2. Shell shock, war
dyspep'tic. Relating to or suffering from dyspepsia.- neurosis. 3. The condition resulting from
dyspep'tone. An insoluble peptone. increased or diminished thymus secretion in
dysperistal'sis. Impaired peristalsis. childhood,
dysper'matism, dysper'mia. Dysspermatism. dysthyreo'sis. Dysthyroidea.
dysphagia, dysphagy (dis-fa'ji-ah, dis-fa'jl) [G. dys-, dysthyroidea, dysthyroidism (dis-thi-ro-id'e-ah, dis-
difficult, -I- phago, I eat.] Difficulty in swallow- thi'roy-dizm) [G. dys-, difficult.] Irregular func-
ing, d. luso'ria [L. lusorius, deceitful], d. said to tional activity of the thyroid, the secretion being
be due to compression by the right subclavian at times deficient, at times in excess.
artery arising abnormally from the thoracic aorta dystocia (dis-to'si-ah) [G. dystokia.] Difficult child-
and passing behind or in front of the esophagus. birth. It is called fetal or maternal according as
d. nervo'sa, nervous d., esophagism. the cause is in some abnormality of the fetus or in
dysphasia (dis-fa'zl-ah) [G. dys-, difficult, 4- 'phasis, uterine inertia or some obstruction in the par-
speaking.] Difficulty in speaking, due to a brain turient canal, placen'tal d., retention or difficult
lesion, but without any marked mental impair- delivery of the placenta,
ment. dystonia (dis-to'ni-ah) [G. dys-, difficult, bad, +
dysphe'mia [G. dys-, bad, -I- phemS, speech.] Stam- tonos, tension.] A state of abnormal (either
mering, stuttering. hypo- or hyper-) tonicity in any of the tissues.
dyspho'nla [G. dys-, difficult, bad, + phone, voice.] d. musculo'nim defor'mans, Ziehen-Oppenheim
Hoarseness; difficulty or pain in speaking, d. disease, an affection, occurring especially in
clerico'rum, clergyman's sore throat, d. pu'- children, marked by muscular contractions pro-
benim, the breaking of the voice in boys at pu- ducing most peculiar distortions of the spine and
berty, d. spas'tica, phonic spasm, a spasmodic hips; the musculature is hypertonic when in ac-
-STONIA 299 DYSURY
ion, hypotonic when at rest; progressive -Oiji.]Any nervous disease associated with
orsion spasm of childhood. faulty nutrition.
topia (dis-to'pi-ah) [G. dys,- bad, +
topos, dys'trophy [G. dys-, difficult, +trophe, nourishment.]
lace.] Malposition. Defective nutrition, progres'sive mus'cular d.,
topic (dis-top'ik) [G. dys-, bad, + topikos, Erb's atrophy, a form of progressive musciilar
elating to place.] Malplaced, out of place. atrophy in which the disease begins in the mus-
tro'phia. Dystrophy, d. adipo"sogemta'lis, ty- cular terminals of the motor nerves and not in
lus Froehlich, hypophysis syndrome; a condi- the spinal centers.
ion caused by hypopituitarism, or partial loss of dystryp'sia. Impaired pancreatic (tr3^tic) secre-
he anterior lobe of the hypophysis cerebri it is
; tion.
larked by increase in fat, loss of sexual power, dysuria (dis-u'ri-ah) [G. dys-, difficult, -f- ouron,
trophy of the external genitals, and loss of hair urine.] Difficulty or pain in urination.
troph'ic. Relating to dystrophy. dysuTic (dis-u'rik). Relating to or suffering from
trophoneurosis (dis-trof"o-nu-ro'sis) [G. dys- dysuria.
)ai + trophe, nourishment, + neuron, nerve, + dysury (dis-u'ri). Dysuria.
 300 ECCENTROPIESIS

E
E. Abbreviation for emmetropia or emmetropic; and chest, tuberculosis, angina pectoris, anemia,
the chemical symbol of erbium. disorders of the glands, scrofula, skin diseases,
eai[A.S.edre.] i. The organ of hearing: composed and neurasthenia. June i to October i.
of the external ear which includes the auricle and ebb. The gradual decline in the opsonic index at
the external acoustic, or auditory, meatus; the the end of the positive phase.
middle ear, or the tympanum with its ossicles; Ebbinghaus test (eb'ing-hows) . For mental
and the internal ear, which includes the labyrinth disease; the patient is asked to complete cer-
and cochlea. 2. The pinna, or auricle.* Az'tec tain sentences from which several words have
B., an auricle with the lobule absent. Blainville been left out.
B., Cagot e., Darwin e., Morel e., Stahl e., Wilder- Eberth's bacill'us (a'bairt) [Karl Joseph Eberih,
muth e., see the proper names, insane' e., hema- German physician, *i835.] Bacillus typhosus.
toma auris, othematoma.* E.'s' lines, lines appearing between the cells of the
myocardium when stained with silver nitrate.
anatomy, ototomy, otography. bleeding, othemor- E.'s perithe'lium, an incomplete layer of connect-
rhagia, othemorrhea, otorrhagia, blood-tumor, othem-
atoma, calculus, otolith, closure, otocleisis, anky- ive-tissue cells on the outer surface of the blood-
lotia- discharge, otorrhea, otopyorrhea, otopyosis. capillaries.
(Sdtilennorrhea. disease, otopathy, dropsy, hydrotis,
Eb'ner's fl'brils [Victor Ebner, Viennese histologist,
hydrotympanum, otohydrqps, oinydrpps, hydromyr-
inga, hydromyrinx. excision of ossicles, otectomy, *i842.] Pine, thread-like lines in the homogene-
ossiculectomy, otonecrectomy. fungous growth, oto- ous surface of the dentine also similar structures
;

mycosis, myringomycosis. hypertrophy, macrotia.

_
in the cement substance of the teeth. E.'s
Incision of drum, myringotomy, paracentesis tympani.
Inflammation, otitis, myringitis, tympanitis, laby- glands, mucous glands of the tongue opening
rinthitis, panotitis, otopnlegmon. multiple, polyotia. around the circumvallate papillae, the function of
noises, tinnitus, susurrus aurium. pain, otalgia, oto-
dynia, ijlastic surgery, otoplasty, myringoplasty.
which is believed to be to bathe the gustatory
specialist in diseases of, aurist, otologist, aural surgeon. hairs. E.'s retic'ulum, a network of nucleated
specialty of diseases of, otology, ptiatria, otiatrics. cells in the seminiferous tubules.
ulceration, othelcosis. wax obstruction, ceruminosis.
ebrac'teate. Having no bracts.
earache (Sr'ak). Pain in the ear, otalgia. ebri'etas [L.] Ebriety, inebriety, drunkenness.
ear-bone. Ossicle. Ebstein's disease' (eb'stin) [Wilhelm Ebstein, Gst-
ear-drum. Tympanum. tingen physician, 1836-1912.] Coagulation-ne-
ear— dust. Otoconia, otoliths. crosis of the epithelium of the convoluted tubules
ear-faint. Vertigo with faintness occurring in in diabetes mellitus. E.'s leuke'mia, a leukemia
disease of the middle or internal ear. of very rapid course. E.'s meth'od, dietetic treat-
ear-lobe. The lower fleshy part of the auricle, or ment of obesity in which a moderate amount of
pinna. albuminous food is allowed, very little carbohy-
ear-sign. Milian's* sign. drate, but a comparatively large quantity of fats.
ear-sponge. A rounded bit of sponge at the ebullition (eb-u-lish'un) [L. ebullire, to boil.]
extremity of a small stick or cylinder, used for Boiling.
cleansing the external auditory meatus. ebur (e'bur) [L. ivory.] A tissue resembling
ear-trum'pet. An instrument with a. trumpet- ivory in outward appearance or structure, e.
shaped expansion at one extremity and an ear- den'tis, dentin, substantia eburnea [BNA].
piece at the other, used to collect the sound waves ebumation (e-bur-na'shun) [L. eburneus, of ivory.]
and conduct them to the auditory apparatus A form of degeneration of bone in which it is
ear-wax. Cerumen. converted into a dense hard substance like ivory.
earth (urth) [A.S. eorthe.'] 1. The globe, world. 2. ebumeous (e-bur'ne-us) [L. eburneus, of ivory.]
Soil, dirt, the loose material on the surface of the Resembling ivory, especially in color.
earth. 3. An insoluble oxide of aluminum or of <carteur (a-kar-ter') [Fr, Scarter, to separate.] A
certain other elements, al'kaline e., lime, mag- retractor.
nesia, baryta, and certain other partly soluble ecaudate (e-kaw'dat) [L. e- priv. -t- Cauda, tail.]
oxides having an alkaline reaction, full'er's e., a Tailless.
refined clay sometimes used as a dusting powder or Ecball'ium [G. ekballo, I throw out.] A genus of
applied moistened with water as a form of poultice. plants with the single species E. elaterium; see
earth'-eater. Geophagist. elaterium.
earth'-eating. Geophagia, geophagism, geophagy. ecbol'ic [G. ekbolos, abortive.] 1. Accelerating
Eas'ton's syr'up [J. A. E. Easton, British physician, childbirth, oxytocic; producing abortion. ^. An
1807-1865.] Syrupus ferri phosphatis cum agent which hastens delivery or produces abortion.
quinina et strychnina (Br.). ecboline (ek'b6-len) [G. ekbolos, abortive.] An
eat [A.E. «<o».] 1. To take solid food. 2. To chew alkaloid obtained from ergot, thought by some
and swallow any substance as one would food. to be identical with cornutine.
3. To corrode. eccentric (ek-sen'trik) [G. ek, out, kentron, +
Eaton Rapids Wells, Michigan. Alkaline-calcic- center,] i. Abnormal or peculiar in ideas,
chalybeate waters. Used by drinking and bath- actions, or speech. 2. Proceeding from a
ing in various disorders. center. 3. Peripheral. [In the second and
Eaux Bonnes, France (o-bun'). Saline-sulphureted third meanings often written excentric]
waters. One spring is cold, the others register eccentropiesis (ek-sen-tro-pi'e-sis) [G. ek, out, -1-
72° F.-90 5 ° F. Three springs.
. Used by drink- kentron, center, -I- piesis, pressure.] Pressure
ing and bathing in affections of the nose, throat, exerted from within outward.
CEPHALOSIS 301 ECKER'S CONVOLUTION

phalosis (ek"se£-al-o'sis) [G. ek, out, + kephale, + kokkos, a. berry.] The larval stage of Tcenia
;ad.] Excerebration removal of the contents of
; echinococcus, the dog tapeworm, occurring in
16 cranium in embryotomy. encysted form in the liver and other organs and
londroma, pi. ecchondro'mata (ek-kon-dro'mah) tissues in man, constituting hydatids see mother-
;

T. ek, from, + chondros, cartilage, + -oma.'\ A cyst. The symptoms are those of a tumor of the
atilaginous tumor arising as an overgrowth from part affected.
ormalljr situated cartilage, distinguished from Echinorhynchus (§-kin-o-ring'kus) [G. echinos,
ichondroma, or chondroma proper, which occurs hedgehog, + rhynchos, snout.] A genus of worms
I places where cartilage does not normally exist. parasitic in the intestines in vertebrates; the
Londrosis (ek-kon-dro'sis). Ecchondroma. c. sexual form is found in vertebrates, the non-
Iiysalifo 'mis, chondroma. sexual in a non- vertebrate host; some of the
londrotome (ek-kon'dro-tam) [G. ek, out, + species, especially E. gigas, are occasionally found
kondros, cartilage, + tome, incision.] Chondro- in man.
jme. echlnosis (S-kin-o'sis) [G. echinos, hedgehog.] Con-
lymoma (ek-e-mo'mah). A slight hematoma dition in which the blood-corpuscles have lost
allowing a bruise. their smooth outlines, resembling an echinus or
lymosed (ek'e-mozd) Marked by or affected sea-urchin.
dth ecchymosis. echinulate (S-kin'u-lat) [L. echinulus, dim. of echi-
lymosis, pi. ecchymo'ses (ek-e mc'sis) [G. nus, hedgehog.] Noting a bacterial growth
kchymosis; ek, out, +
chymos. juice.] pur- A along the line of inoculation, having lateral spi-
lish patch caused by extravasation of blood into nous projections; see cut under culture, B, 3.
lie skin; black-and-blue spot; ecchymoses differ echitone (ek'I-ton) Trade name of a compound of
rom petechiae only in size. iris, viola, and echinacea, recommended in eczema.
Zymotic (ek-e-mot'ik). Relating to an ecchy- echo (ek'o) [G.] A reverberating sound sometimes
losis. heard in auscultation of the chest.
opiotic (ek-o-prot'ik) [G. ek, out, + copros, echoacousia (ek"o-a-koo'si-ah). A subjective dis-
ung. ] Laxative, cathartic. turbance of hearing in which a sound heard
rinology (e-krin-ol'o-jl) [G. ekkrino, I secrete, + appears to be repeated.
togta.] The branch of physiology and of anatomy echographia (ek"o-graf'l-ah). A form of agraphia
rhich treats of the secretions and the secreting in which one can write from dictation or copy buli
lands. cannot do original writing.
irisis [G. separation.] i. The removal of waste echokinesia (ek-o-kin-e'sl-ah) [G. echo, echo, + kine-
iroducts. 2. Any waste product, excrement. sis, movement.] The involuntary repetition of a
rit'ic. i.Promoting the expulsion of waste mat- gesture made by another person.
ers. 2. An agent which promotes excretion, echolalia (ek"o-la'l![-ah) [G. echo, echo, +
lalia, a
jresis (ek-si-e'sis) [G. ek, out, +
kyesis, preg- form of speech.] The involuntary repetition of
.ancy.] Ectopic gestation, extrauterine preg- a word or sentence just spoken by another person.
.ancy.* echomatism (S-ko'tn^-tizm) [G. echo, echo,. -|-
em'ic [G. ekdSmos, foreign, from home.] Noting malizo, I strive to do.] The automatic imita-
,disease brought into a region from without, not tion of any act.
pidemic or endemic. echomimia (6-ko-mim'J-ah) [G. echo, echo, mime-+
emomania (ek-de-mo-ma'ni-ah) [G. ekdemos, sis, imitation.] Echopathy.
ram home, + mania, frenzy.] Vagabondage, echomotism (S-ko-mo'tizm) [G. echo, echo, -f- L.
romomania, drapetomania. motio, motion.] Echomatism, echopraxia; imi-
eron (ek'de-ron) [G. ek, out, + deros, skin.] The tation of movements rather than of words.
uter portion of the general integument, as dis- echopathy (S-kop'a.-tU) [G. echo, echo, + pathos,
inguished from enderon. suffering.] Aneurosis in which the words or
ysis (ek'di-sis) [G. ekdyo, I strip off.] Des- actions of another are imitated and repeated by
[uamation; sloughing. the patient.
;onine [G. ekgonos, sprung from, a child.] An echophonia, echophony (e-ko-fo'nl-ah, S-kof'o-ni)
Ikaloid, CjHijNOj, chiefly derived from cocaine [G. echo, echo, + phoni, voice.] A duplication of
nd present to some extent in coca leaves. the voice sound occasionally heard in ausculta-
idnin (S-kid'nIn) [L. echidna, viper.] Serpent- tion of the chest.
enom. echophrasia (6-ko-fra'zI-ah) [G. echo, echo, + phra-
idnotozin (S-kid-no-toks'in). A poisonous pro- sis,speech.] Echolalia.
ein in serpent-venom. echopraxia (S-ko-praks'1-ah) [G. echd, echo, +
inacea (g-kin-a'se-ah) [G. echinos, a hedgehog.] praxis, action.] The involuntary imitation of
N.F.) The rhizome and roots of Brauneria movements made by another; echomatism,
lallida {Echinacea angustifolia), the cone-flower,
echo-speech (ek'o-spech). Echolalia.
,plant of the order Composita found in the cen- ecioma'nia, oecioma'nia [G. oikeios domestic, -t-
ral plains of North America; employed in the mania, frenzy.] Ecomania.
reatment of boils and septicemia in doses of Eck fis'tula exper'iment [Nikolai Vladimirovich
iEio-30 (0.6-2.0) of the N.F. fiuidextract. In Eck, Russian physiologist, *i847.] Shutting off
lomeopathic practice the tincture from the fresh the liver of an experiment animal from the portal
oot is employed in septic conditions in doses of circulation by making an anastomosis between
In the vena cava and portal vein and then ligating
»I!S-io (0.3-0.6) of the mother tincture.
clectic practice it is employed as an alterative
the latter close to the liver.
nd in septic conditions in doses of IR5-30 Eck'er's convolu'tion [Alexander Ecker, Freiburg
a 3-2 o) of the specific preparation.
. .
anatomist, 1816-1887.] Posterior occipital con-
inate (eki-nat) [L. echinus, hedgehog.] Echin- volution. E.'s cor'puscles, Hassall's* corpus-
late. cles. E.'s fis'sure, occipital fissure. E.'s plug,
inococcosis (e-kin-o-kok-ko'sis). Infestation an ingrowth of yolk-cells, in the gastrula stage
rithechinococcus. of meroblastic ova, projecting into the primitive
inococcus (e-kin-o-kok'us) [G. echinos, hedgehog. mouth.
ECLABIUM 302 ECTODERM

eclabium (ek-la'bi-um) [G. ek, out, + L. labium, snare, especially one of great strength for cutting
lip.] Eversion o£ a lip. through the base or pedicle of a tumor.
eclampsia (g-klamp'si-ah) [G. eklampsis, a shining ec'stasis. Ecstasy.
forth.] Convulsions, especially of an epileptoid ecstasy (ek'sta-sl) [G. ekstasis.] A
nervous affection
character, e. nu'tans, nodding spasm.* in'- resembling catalepsy, in which there is mental
fantile e., reflex convulsions in infancy, puer'- exaltation, with more or less sensory anesthesia
peral e., convulsions, of uremic or other origin, and a rapturous expression.
occurring in the latter part of pregnancy or during ecstat'ic. Relating to or marked by ecstasy.
labor. ecstrophe (ek'stro-fe). Exstrophy; ectropion.
ecUunpsism (S-klamp'sizm). A state in which the ect^co'lia [G. ekiasis, a stretching, +
kolon, colon.]
general signs point to the early occurrence of Dilatation of the colon.
puerperal eclampsia, but convulsions do not take ec'tad [G. ekios, without + L. ad, to.] Outward.
place. ec'tal [G. ektos, without.] Outer, external.
eclamp'tic. Relating to eclampsia. ectasia, ectasis (ek-ta'sl-ah, ek'ta-sis) [G. extension.]
eclec'tic [G. eklektikos, selecting.] Picking out Dilatation of a tubular structure, diffuse' arte^
from different sources what appears to be the rial e., spontaneous enlargement with dilatation
med'icine, e. prac'tice, e. school, a
best. e. of the vessels in a circumscribed area; cirsoid
school or association of medical practitioners in aneurysm, c. ventric'uU paradox'a, hourglass
America, employing largely preparations of stomach, hypostat'ic e., dilatation of a blood-
indigenous plants, or "specific remedies," i.e. vessel, usually a vein, in a dependent portion of the
remedies given according to definite indications body, as in varicose veins of the leg. pap'illaiy e.,
. 'furnished by the symptoms present in an individ- an elevated red spot caused by a circumscribed
ualcase..
. capillary dilatation
eclec'tlGism. Eclectic practice. ectatlc. Relating to or marked by ectasis; dis-
ec'lysis [G.] A mild degree of syncope. tended, dilated.
ecmne'sia (ek-ne'sl-ah) [G. ek, out, + mnesios, re- ecten'tal [G. ektos, without, + entos, within.]
-,.lating to memory.] Loss of memory for recent Relating to both ectoderm and entoderm, noting
events. the line where these two layers join in the
e'coid [G. oikos, house, + eidos, resemblance.] gastrula.
CEcoid, the framework of a red blood-corpuscle. ecterograph (ek'ter-o-graf) [G. ektos, outside, -|-
ecol'ogy [G. oikos, household affairs, family, + grapho, I write.] A modified pneumatograph
-logia.] (Ecology, the branch of physiology employed in making graphic records of the
which deals with the mutual relations of living movements of the intestine.
organisms and their environments the science of ; ectethmoid (ekt-eth'moyd) [G. ektos, without.] One
the relations of organisms to each other. of the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone, ectoeth-
ecomania (e-ko~ma'n!-ah) [G. oikos, house, + mania, moid.
frenzy.] CEcomania, a form of mental de- ec'thol. Trade name for a fluid preparation said to
rangement characterized by perversity or un- contain extracts of thuja and echinacea; em-
controlled ill-temper in one's domestic relations. ployed in septic conditions in doses of 3i (4.0),
econom'ic cure. A
partial cure of a chronic disease, and applied locally to suppurating wounds.
such as phthisis, enabling the patient to resume ecthy'ma [G. a pusttile.] A dermatosis marked by
the occupation by which he earns his living. the occurrence of ulcerating pustules due to
econ'omy [G. oikonomia, management of the house.] infection; the lesion may be single but usually
The system, the body regarded as an aggregate there are multiple ulcers of varying size. e.
of functioning organs. gangrsno'sum, dermatitis gangrasnosa infantum.
ecopar'asite, oecopar'asite. Ecosite. ecthymat'iform, ecthy'mifonn. Resembling ec-
ecophobia (e-ko-fo'bi-ah) [G. oikos, house, -|- thyma.
phobos, fear.] Morbid repugnance to the home ecthyreosis (ek-thi-re-o'sis). Removal of the thy-
surroundings; cecophobia, oikophobia. roid gland and the symptoms resulting therefrom.
ecosite, oecosite (e'ko-sit) [G. oikos, house, + siios, ecti'ris [G. ektos, outside, + iris.] The outer layer
food.] A microparasite to which its host is im- of the iris.
mune under normal conditions; also called eco- ecto- [G. ektos, outside.] A prefix denoting outer,
'

parasite. on the outside.

ecphyadectomy (ek-fi-a-defto-ml) [G. ekphyas, an ec'toblast [G. ekios, outside, -f blastos, germ.]
appendix, + ektome, excision.] Removal of the I.The thickened outer layer or wall of a cell. a.
vermiform appendix, appendicectomy. The ectoderm or epiblast.
ecphyaditis (ek-fi-a-di'(de')tis) [G. ekphyas, an ectocar'dia [G. ektos, outside, + kardia, heart.]
appendage, -itis.l +Appendicitis. Congenital misplacement of the heart.
ecphylactic (ek-fi-lak'tik) . Relating to ecphy- ectochorioidea (ek-to-ko-re-o-id'e-ah) [G. ektos,
laxis or diminished or abolished bacteriotropic outside.] The outer layer of the chorioid coat of
action, e. re'gion, a focus of infection impreg- the eye.
nable to the action of the defensive fluids, by ectocinerea (ek-to-sin-e're-ah) [G. ektos, outside, +
reason of the virulence of the infection and the L. cinoreus, ashen.] The cortex or outer gray
quantity of radiating toxins. matter of the brain.
ecphylazis (ek-fi-laks'is) [G. ek, out of, 4- phylaxis, ectocine'real. Relating to the cerebral cortex.
protection.] A
condition in which the anti- ectocolos'tomy [G. ektos, outside, + kolon, colon, -I-
bodies or phylactic agents in the blood have been stoma, mouth.] Colostomy, the formation of an
rendered impotent or are excluded from the artificial anus or opening into the colon through
focus of infection. the abdominal wall.
ecphy'ma [G. a pimply eruption.] A
warty growth ectocor'nea [G. ektos, outside.] The outer layer
or protuberance, e. glob'ulus, button scurvy, a of the cornea.
contagious skin disease resembling yaws, for- ectocuneifoim bone (ek-to-ku'ne-I-form bon). The
merly prevalent in Ireland. external or third cuneiform bone of the tarsus.
icraseur (a-krah-zgr') [Fr. (eraser, to crush.] A I ectoderm (ek'to-durm) [G. ekios, outside, + derma,
ECTODERM 303 EDDYISM
skin.] The outer layer of cells formed from the ec'tothrix [G. ektos, outside, + thrix, hair.] A
inner cell-mass in the blastocyst. trichophyton of the skin, the parasite causing
ectoder'mal, ectoder'mic. Relating to the ectoderm. ringworm.
ectoentad (ek-to-en'tad). Ectentad.
ectbental (ek-to-en'tal).
ectotox'in [G. ektos, outside, + toxin.'] Exotoxin.
Ectental. ectotri'ceps. The outer head of the triceps muscle
ectoethmoid bone (ek-to-eth'moyd bon). Ecteth-
considered as a separate muscle.
moid, one of the two lateral portions of the
ectozo'on [G. ektos, outside, + zoon, animal.] An
ethmoid bone forming distinct elements at birth.
animal parasite on the surface of the body.
ectogenous (ek-toj'en-us) [G. ektos, without, +
ectrodactyl'ia, ectrodact'ylism
ektrosis, mis-
[G.
gennao, I produce.] Originating outside of the
organism; noting an infectious disease, a para- carriage, + A
congenital mal-
daktylos, finger.]
site, etc.
formation in which one or more fingers or toes
are absent.
ectoglia (ek-tog'U-ah) [G. ekios, outside, + glia,
glue.] The thin, superficial non-nucleated layer ectrogen'ic. Relating to ectrogeny.
in commencing stratification of the medullary ectrogeny (ek-troj'en-i) [G. ektrosis, miscarriage, +
tube in the embryo. gennao, I produce.] Congenital absence of any
ectoglob'ular [G. ektos, outside, -I- globule.] Not part.
within a globular body, specifically not within a ectromelia (ek-tro-me'U-ah) [See ectromelus] A
blood-corpuscle. condition in which one or more of the limbs are
ectoglute'us, ectoglutse'us. The outer gluteal mus- lacking.
cle, or gluteus maximus. ectromeric. Relating to an ectromelus.
ectokelos'tomy [G. ektos, outside, + kele, hernia, ectrom'elus [G. ektrosis, miscarriage, 4- melos, limb.]
+ stoma, mouth.] The formation of an ex- A monster with one or more limbs absent or
ternal opening into the hernial sac, preparatory malformed.
to a radical operation. ectro'pion, ectro'pium ,[G. ek, out, -f- trope, a
ectoloph (ek'to-lof) [G. ektos, outside, + lophos, turning.] A
rolling outward of the margin of
crust.] The external ridge on an upper molar an eyelid.
tooth in the horse. ectrotlc (ek-trot'ik) [G. ektrotikos, relating to abor-
ectomere (ek'to-mer) [Q.- ektos, outside, -t- meros, tion. ] Abortive; preventing or arresting the
part.] One of the blastomeres forming the ecto- development of a disease.
derm. ec'zema [G. ekzeo, I boil over.] Salt rheum,
ectop'agus [G. ektos, without, + pagos, fixed.] A tetter; an inflammation of the skin, of acute or
twin monster joined along the side of the chest. chronic nature, presenting multiform lesions,
ectopar'asite [G. ektos, outside, + parasitos.] A moist or dry, and often accompanied with itching,
parasite which lives on the surface of the burning, and various paresthesias, e. crusto'stun,
body. a variety in which crusts form oyer the lesions.
ectopectora'lis. The outer pectoral muscle, pec- e. epizoot'icum, foot-and-mouth disease.* e. ery-
toralis major. themato'sum, a dry form of e. marked by more
ectoperitonit^ (ek"to-per-I-ton-i'(e')tis) [G. ektos, or less extensive areas of redness with scaly
outside.] Inflammation beginning in the deeper desquamation, e. fis'sum, a form in which the
layer of the peritoneum which is next the viscera skin is cracked and fissured e. hypertroph'icum,
.

or the abdominal wall. e. marked by papillary hypertrophy of the skin.

ectophyte (ek'to-fit) [G. ektos, outside, + phyton e. infan'tile, a form of e. affecting chiefly the
plant.] A vegetable parasite of the skin. cheeks and forehead, occurring in infants, e.
ecto'pia, ec'topy [G. ektopos, out of place.] Con- intertri'go, see intertrigo, e. mad'idans [L.
genital displacement of any organ or other part madidus, moist], weeping e., e. vesiculosum. e.
of the body. margina'tum, tinea cruris, e. neurit'icum, a.
ectop'ic [G. ek, out of, + topos, place.] i. Out of form due to inflammation of the trophic nerves
place; said of an organ which is not in its proper and limited to the area supplied by the affected
position, or of u pregnancy (ectopic gestation') nerves, e. papulo'sum, a. dermatitis marked by

occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the an eruption of discrete or aggregated reddish
uterus. 2. In cardiography, noting a heart beat papules which soon become excoriated, e.
which has its origin in some abnormal focus. pustulo'sum, a later stage of vesicular e., in which
ectoplasm (ek'to-plazm) [ektos, outside, + plasma, the vesicles become purulent, rupture, and dis-
something formed.] A membrane-like condensa- charge a sticky, crusting seropurulent fluid, e.
tion of the cytoplasm at the periphery of a cell. ru'brum, a stage of vesicular e., presenting red,
ectoplasmat'ic. Relating to the ectoplasm. excoriated, weeping areas, c. sclero'sum, kera-

ectoplas'tic [G. ektos, outside, + plasso, I form.] tosis,e. seborrhce'icum, e. seborrho'icum, der-

Ectoplasmic, formed at the periphery. matitis seborrhoeica. e. sola're, prickly heat.

ectopterygoid (ek"to-ter'J-goyd). Musculus ptery- B. squamo'sum, a form of dry scaly e. c. tuber-

goideus extemus. cula'tum, mycosis fungoides. c. vesiculo'sum,

ectoret'ina [G. ektos, outside.] The outer layer of dermatitis marked by an eruption of vesicles upon
the retina. erythematous patches, which rupture and exude
ec'tosarc [G. ektos, outside, + sarx(sark-), flesh.] a sticky serum.
The outer membrane, or ectoplasm, of a proto- eczematization (ek"ze-mat-i-za'shun). l The for-
zoon. mation of a condition of the skin resembling
ectosphe'noid [G. ektos, outside, -I- sphenoeides, eczema. 2. The occurrence of eczema sec-
wedge-shaped.] Ectocuneiform. ondary to a preexisting dermatosis.
ectosteal (ekt-os'te-al) [G. ektos, outside, -I- osteon, eczemato'sis. The occurrence of an extensive
bone.] Relating to the external surface of a bone. eczema.
ectostosis (ekt-os-to'sls) [G. ektos, outside, + eczem'atous.Marked by or resembling eczema.
osteon, Ossification in cartilage beneath
bone.] Eddyism (ed'i(-izm) [Mary Baker G. Eddy,
the perichondrium, or the formation of bone be- American founder of the cult, 1821-1910.]
neath the periosteum. Christian* Science.
EDEA, yEDCEA 3°4 EFFERVESCE

ede'a, jedoe'a [G. aidoia, genitals.] The external maran'tic e., cachectic e. non-inflamm'atory e.,
genitals. simple e. due to mechanical or other causes, not
,

Edebohls' operation [George Michael

(ed'e-bolz) marked by inflammation or congestion, solid
Edebohls, New York surgeon, 1853-1908.] Decor- e., infiltration of the subcutaneous tissues by
tication, or decapsulation, of the kidney, in order mucoid material, as in myxedema.
to provide a more abundant blood-supply and edematization (e-dem-at-i-za'shun). Making edem-
thereby increase the functional activity of the or- atous
gan in cases of chronic nephritis. E.'s posi'tion, edem'atous. Dropsical, hydropic, marked by edema.
for vaginal operations; the patient lies on her edentulous (e-den'tu-lus) [L. e, out, -I- dens(dent-),
back, at the edge of the table, with hips and knees tooth.] Toothless.
partly flexed, the feet being held up and apart edeology, sedoeology (e-de-ol'o-jl)
[G. aidoia, ex-
by supports attached to the table. ternal genitals, -|- -logia.] The branch of science
edeitis, sedoeitis (e-de-i'(e') tis) [G. aidoia, genitals, which deals with the genital organs, their anatomy,
-I- -«';»>.] Vulvitis; balanitis. physiology, diseases, etc.
ede'ma, oede'ma [G. oidema, a swelling.] An ab- edes'tin. A globulin derived from the eastor-oil
normal acctunuiation of clear watery fluid in the bean, hemp-seed, and other seeds, soluble in
lymph spaces of the tissues; dropsy, hydrops. neutral solutions but insoluble in water.
angioneurot'ic e., -urticaria gigans, a disorder in edible (ed'i-bl) [L. edere, to eat.] Pit for food; that
which tense, circumscribed, edematous swellings can be eaten.
appear suddenly, usually on the face or upper Edinger's law (ed'ing-er) [Ludwig Edinger, German
extremities, and last from two or three hours to anatomist, 1855-1918.] The normal and mode-
as many days; the affection is a vasomotor dis- rate functioning of a neuron favors growth, but
turbance, due probably to a toxemia, blue e., excessive function results in atrophy. E.'s
e. occurring in hysteria in which the skin of the nu'cleus, the dorsal acoustic nucleus, tuber-
part is cyanotic, brown e., e. of the lungs culum* acusticum.
associated with the congestive induration of Ed'inger-Westphal nu'cleus (ed'ing-er-vest'fahl)
chronic valvular disease of the heart, bul'lous [Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal, German neurol-
e., a reddened, swollen appearance of the ureteral ogist, 1833-1890.] An accessory bulbar nucleus
of the motor oculi or third nerve.
ed'ipism [CEdipus, King of Thebes, who unwittingly
killed his father and afterward tore out his eyes
because they had betrayed him in not revealing
his father before he slew him.] Self-infliction of
injury to the eyes,, usually an attempt at evulsion.
Ed'lefsen's rea'gent [Gustav Julius Friedrich Ferdi-
nand Edlefsen, German physician, *i842.] An
alkaline permanganate solution used in the
determination of sugar in the urine.
Ed'ridge-Green the'ory of color blindness [F. W.
Edridge-Green, English ophthalmologist, con-
temporary.] The ray of light decomposes the
visual purple which forms a photograph and
chemically stimulates the cones whereby a
visual impulse is set up and conveyed to the
Edebohls' Position. brain the defect in color sense is situated in the
;

brain centers which are not sufficiently developed

orifice in the bladder wall, frequently observed to appreciate the differences in wave length
in tuberculosis of the ureter, cachec'tic e., e (color) of the rays of light.
occurring in diseases characterized by hydre- Ed'sall's disease' [David Linn Edsall, Boston physi-
mia, cir'cumscribed e., angioneurotic o. col- cian, *i869.] Heat cramp.
lat'eral e., c. occurring in the functioning one of ed'ucated [L. educare, to educate.] So modified as
two paired organs when the other is diseased or in- to be insusceptible to the poison of a specific in-
active, e. ex- vac'uo, an increase of fluid in a fection, denoting the condition of the phagocytes
cavity -with unyielding walls, such as the skull in cases of acquired immunity.
or spinal canal, when part of the contents has e'duct. An extract.
become atrophied, e. frig'idum, non-inflam- edulcorant (e-dul'ko-rant) [see edulcorate.] i.
matory c. e. neonato'nim, a diffuse, firm e. Sweetening, renderipg less acrid. 2. A drug
occurring in the newborn; it begins usually in which has this action upon the fluids of the body.
the legs and spreads upward, and is commonly edulcorate (e-dul 'co-rat) [L. dulcedo, sweetness;
fatal, gas'eous 'e., subcutaneous emphysema. edulcorare ( ?) to sweeten. ] i To sweeten or
, .

hydre'mic e., c occurring in states marked by render less acrid. 2. In chemistry to purify by
pronounced hydremia. inflain'matoTy e., (1) a washing out salts or acids.
swelling due to eilusion of fluid in the soft parts effect' [L. effectus; efficere, to accomplish.] The
surrounding a focus of inflammation; (2) an consequence of an action, con'trary e.,
result or
abortive inflammation of the brain or spinal Hata's* phenomenon.
cord, marked by lymphatic stagnation or con- effector (^-fek'tor). Sherrington's term for one
gestion, lymphat'ic e., e. due to stasis in the of the nerve-endings within the muscles, glands,
lymph channels, malig'nant «., a form of etc.;distinguished from receptor.
anthrax* in which the eyelids, lips, and other eff'erent [L. effere, to. bring out.] i. Conducting
parts of the face, the neck, and the upper ex- (fluid or a nerve impulse) outward or centrif-
tremities are the seats of marked edema, -with an ugally. An efferent nerve, vessel, or duct.
eruption of vesicles and bulte, which is prone effervesce (ef-ur-ves') [L. effervescere, to boil up.
to become gangrenous the constitutional symp-
; To boil up or form bubbles rising to the surface
toms are those characteristic of extreme sepsis. of a fluid in large numbers.
EFFERVESCENT 30s EICKEN'S METHOD
effervescent (ef-ur-ves'ent) i. Boiling, bubbling, brown powders, I
odorless, tasteless, and non-
effervescing. 2. Causing to effervesce, as an e. irritant, possessing marked bactericidal proper-
powder. 3. Tending to effervesce when freed ties; cresegol is the cresol compound, pkenegol*
from pressure, as an e. solution. the phenol compound, and thymegol the thymol
effleurage (ef-fler-azh') [Fr. effleurer, to touch lightly.] compound.
A stroking movement in massage. egoma'nia. An insane, or extreme degree of, self-
efBoresce (ef-fior-es') [L. to blossom.]
efflorescere, appreciation.
To become powdery by losing the water of crys- egophonic (e-go-fon'ik). Relating to egophony, as
tallization on exposure to a dry atmosphere. egophonic resonance.
efflores'cence. The process of efflorescing. egoph'ony, segoph'ony [G. aix(aig-), goat, -I-
efflores'cent. Noting a crystalline body which phone, voice.] Tragophony, a peculiar broken
gradually changes to a powder by losing its water quality of the voice sounds, like the bleating of a
of crystallization when exposed to the air. goat, heard about the upper level of the fluid in
efflu'vium [L. a flowing out.] An exhalation, espe- cases of pleurisy with effusion.
cially one of bad odor or injurious influence. Egyp'tian chloro'sis. Ankylostomiasis. E. hema-
effort syndrome (effort sin'drSm). Palpitation, tu'ria, bilharziasis. E. ophthal'mia, trachoma.
dizziness, short breath, fatigue, and precordial Eh'renritter's ganglion [Johann Ehrenritter,
pain following moderate exertion in the subjects Austrian anatomist, fiTPo.] Ganglion jugulare.
of irritable heart. Eh'ret's disease' [Heinrich Ehret, German physician,
effuse (e-fiis') [L. effusus; effundere, to pour out.] *i87o.] Paralysis, supposed to be functional, of
Thin and widely spread, noting the surface the peronei muscles accompanied usually by
character of a bacterial culture. contraction of their antagonists. E.'s phenom'-
effusion (e-fu'zhun) [L. effusus; effundere, to pour enon, a sudden throb felt by the finger on the
out.] I. The escape of fluid from the blood- brachial artery, as the pressure in the cuff falls
vessels or lymphatics into the tissues or a cavity after a blood-pressure estimation; said to indi-
2. The flmd effused. cate fairly accurately the diastolic pressure.
egesta (e-jes'tah) [L egestus; egerere, to cast out ] Elirlich's ane'mia (air'likh) [Paul Ehrlich, German
Excreta, dejecta. bacteriologist, 1854-1915.] Aplastic anemia.*
egg [A.S. «Bg.] The female sexual cell especially ; E.'s cells, eosinophile* cells. E.'s hematox'ylin,
that of birds and certain reptiles which is devel- hematoxylin, 2; glacial acetic acid, 10; alum,
oped outside the body of the parent and which 35; glycerin, absolute alcohol, and water, 100
is provided with a protective shell and a, mass of each. E.'s inn'er bod'y, a round oxyphile
of albuminous and fatty material designed for body found in the red blood cell in case of
the nourishment of the embryo. The naked hemocytolysis due to a specific blood poison.
egg of mammals, developing within the body of E.'s phenom'enon, the difference between the
the mother, is usually called ovum, holoblas'tic amount of diphtheria toxin which will exactly
e., one the whole of the yolk of which undergoes neutralize one unit of antitoxin and that
segmentation and enters directly into the forma- which, added to one unit of antitoxin, will
tion of the embryo, meroblas'tic e., one the yolk leave' one lethal dose free is greater than one
of which consists largely of nutrient material lethal dose of toxin; in other words, it is neces-
which does not enter directly into the formation sary to add more than one lethal dose of toxin
of the embryo. to a neutral mixture of toxin and antitoxin to
egg-albu'min. The albumin occurring in the white make the mixture lethal. E.'s prepara'tion,
of egg, resembling in many respects serum, salvarsan. E.'s reac'tion, diazo* reaction.
albumin. E.'s side-chain the'ory, see under chain. E.'s
egg-ball. One of the clumps of germinal cells, stain, a solution of 11 per cent, fuchsin, gentian
containing the primitive ova, resulting from the violet, or methylene blue in aniline water.
breaking up of the egg-tubes, and later developing E.'s the'orem, every specific microorganism has
into the folliculus oophorus primarius. a specific chemical affinity which, when found
Eggleston meth'od (eg'1-stun). Rapid digitaliza- and injected intravenously or intramuscularly
tion by means of large doses of the drug fre- into the infected host, will cure the disease
quently repeated. caused by the microorganism. E.'s the'ory,
egg-nest. Egg-ball. side-chain* theory.
E.'s triac'id stain, a
egg'shell. The calcareous envelope of a bird's egg; mixture of nigrosin, and aurantia.
indulin,
testa ovi. E.'s trip'le stain, a mixture of saturated solu-
egg-tubes. Pfluger's* tubes (i). tions of orange G, rubin S, and methyl-green
egilops, ffigilops (e'jJ-lops) [G. aigilops, a lacrymal 00, a differential leucocytic stain.
fistula.] A
swelling, abscess, or fistula at the Ehrlich-Hata prepara'tion (hah'tah) [Paul Ehrlich;
inner canthus of the eye. Hata, Japanese physician and chemist, contem-
S.
eglan'dulous. Without glands. Salvarsan, No. 606.
porary.]
Egli's glands (eg'H) . Mucous glands of the ureter. Ehrmann's test (air'mahn) [Rudolph Ehrmann,
eg'mol. Trade name of an emulsion of olive oil German clinician, *i879.] Palmin* test.

with egg and brandy. Eichhorst's cor'puscles (ikh'horst) [H. Eichhorst,

egobronchophony (e"go-bron-kof'o-nl) [G. aix Swiss physician of Zurich, *i849.] One of the
(0%-), goat, + bronchos, bronchus, + phone, globular forms sometimes seen in the poikilocy-
voice.] Egophony with bronchophony. tosis of pernicious anemia. E.'s neuri'tis, inter-
egocentric (eg"o-sen'trik) [G. ego, I, + kentron, stitial neuritis. E.'s type, femorotibial type
center.]' Marked by extreme concentration of of progressive muscular atrophy with contrac-
attention upon oneself. ture of the toes.
egocentricity (eg-o-sen-tris'i-te). The condition of Eichstedt's disease' (ikh'stet) [Karl Ferdinand Eich-
being egocentric. stedt, German physician, 1816-1893.] Pityriasis
versicolor.
e'gols. A class of stable mercurial parasulphon-
ates in combination with cresol, .phenol, or Eicken's meth'od (i'ken) [Karl von Eicken, German
thymol; they occur in the form of reddish- laryngologist, *i873.] Facilitation of hypo-
 EICKEN'S METHOD 306 ELBOWED

pharyngoscopy by means of forward traction on ekiri (S-ke're). A severe form of infantile dysen-
the cricoid cartilage by a laryngeal probe. tery occurring in Japan.
eiconom'eter, eikonom'eter (i-ko-nom'e-ter) [G. elabora'tion [L. elaborare, to work out.] The change
eikon, image, + meiron, measure.] An instru- in a substance fitting it for assimilation, sec'-
ment for determining the magnifying power ondary e., in a dream analysis, the bringing into
of a microscope, or the size of a microscopic orderly arrangement of the bizarre elements and
object. inconsistencies of the dream content.
eidoptom'etiy (i-dop-tom'e-tri) [G. eidos, form, + elaeomyenc^ysis (el"e-o-mi-en'ki-sis) [G. elaion, oil, -|-
opiikos, referring to vision, + metron, measure.] mys, muscle, +
enchysis, a pouring in.] Injection
Measurement of the visual powers as regards the of oil into the muscles for the relief of spasm.
perception of form. elseop'tene. Eleoptene.
eighth nerve. Portio mollis, auditory nerve, nervus* elsosaccharum (el-e-o-sak'ar-um), pi. elieosacchara
acusticus. [G. elaion, oil, +sakcharon, sugar.] (P.G.) Oleo-
ei'gon. Acompound of albumin and iodine, used saccharum (N.F.).
as a substitute for tincture of iodine, and as an elaiopathia (el-a-o-path^-ah) [G. elaion, oil, -|-
antiseptic dusting powder. pathos, suffering.] Eleopathy.
eiloid (i'loyd) [G. eilo, I roll up, + eidos, appear- elarson (el-ar'son). Trade name of strontium
ance.] Resembling a coil or roll. chlorarsenobehenolate, a white insoluble tasteless
Eilsen, Germany. Saline chalybeate-sulphurous- powder recommended in the treatment of anemia,
carbonated waters. Also sulphur mud baths. chlorosis, chorea, and various diseases of the skin,
Cold. Seven springs. Used by drinking and in doses of gr. J (0.008) three or four times a
bathing in rheumatism, gout, catarrh of the res- day.
piratory organs, asthma, neurasthenia, chlorosis, elas'tic [G. elastikos.] Having the property of
neuritis, neuralgia, metallic poisonings, paralysis, returning to the original shape after being com-
and skin diseases. May 15 to September 5. pressed, bent, or otherwise distorted.
Eime'ria. A
supposed genus of protozoan organ- elas'tica. i. India rubber, rubber, caoutchouc
isms, really coccidia in the asexual or schizogonic (Br.), the inspissated juice of several species of
cycle, often therefore called the Eimerian cycle. Hevea, rubber-tree, called in commerce pure
Einhom's saccharim'eter (in'hom) [Max Einhorn, Para rubber; employed in the manufacture of
New York gastrologist of Russian birth, *i862.] bandages, plasters, etc. 2. (sc. tunica, coat.)
An Instrument for carrying out the fermentation The elastic membrane in the wall of an artery.
test for sugar In the urine. E.*s test, a measure elas'ticin. Elastin.
of gastric and intestinal digestion; beads with elasticity (e-las-tisl-t!). The property of being
various food substances attached are swallowed, elastic, or of resuming the original shape upon the
and are recovered from the feces the time of the
; cessation of any distorting force.
discharge of the beads and the degree of digestion elas'tin. An
albuminoid, or scleroprotein, present
of the attached food substances furnish indica- especially in yellow elastic fibrous tissue.
tions of the functional condition of the digestive elas'toid degenera'tion. Hyaline degeneration of
organs. the elastic tissue of the arterial wall, seen; during
Einthoven's string galvanom'eter (int'ho-fen) [W. involution of the uterus.
Einthoven, Prof, of Physiology, University of elastom'eter [G meiron, measure.] A device for
Leydeu, *i86o.] See Electrocardiograph. measuring the elasticity of any body or of the
eisanthema (is-an-the'mah) [G. animal tissues.
eis, in, -h anthema, anthed, I elastinase (e-las'tl-naz). A ferment acting upon
bloom.] Enanthema. elastin.
Eisenlohr's symp'tom-com'plez elastose (e-las'toz). The product of the digestion of
(i'zen-lor) [Carl Eisenlohr, elastin.
German physician, 1847- el'ater [G. elaier, one who hurls.] i. In botany,
1896.] Numbness and weak- one of the dead fusiform cells of Hepaticce which
ness in the extremities, par- loosen the spore masses as they escape from the
alysis of the lips, tongue, and capsule. 2. One of the four hygroscopic bands
palate, and dysarthria. in Equisetacece, which disperse the spores while
eisod'ic. Isodic. keeping them together in small groups.
Eitelberg's test (i'tel-berg) elateri'num and Br.). Elaterin, a neutral
(U.S.
[Abraham Eitelberg, Austrian principle,CjoHjgO,, obtained from elaterium,
physician, *i847.] For de- employed for the same purposes as elaterium, in
termining the integrity of the doses of gr. -i^—^ (0.002-0.003).
sound-conducting apparatus elaterium (el-a-te'rl-um) [G. elaterios, driving.]
of the ear: a tuning-fork is (Br.) The dried sediment from the juice of the
held near the ear for a few fruit of Ecballium elaterium, squirting cuctimber;
seconds at intervals of two or Einhorn's it is a hydragogue cathartic, used especially in
three minutes; if the sound- Saccharimeter. renal dropsy, in doses of gr. \ (o.oi),
conducting function is im- el'bow [A.S. etebogo.] i. The joint between the arm
paired, the perception of the sound grows fainter and the forearm, the elbow-joint, z. An angiilar
at each application. body resembling a flexed elbow; knee, bend of
eiwelssmilch (i'vis-milkh) [Ger. egg-albumin milk.] the e., chelidon, cubital fossa, capped e., a,
A special milk preparation containing an extra serous cyst in the connective tissue of the
proportion of casein with calcium oxide and a elbow of the horse caused by the animal's lying
reduced amount of lactose, employed in digestive upon his foot or the heel of his shoe, inflamma-
and nutritional disturbances in infants. tion of the e., anconitis, olecranarthritis, olecran-
ejacula'tion [L. ejaculari, to throw out.] The arthrocace, oleocranarthropathy. point of the
emission of the seminal fluid. e., olecranon.
ejac'ulatory. Relating to an ejaculation. el'bow-bone. Ulna
ejec'ta [L. ejicere, to throw out.] Egesta, deiecta. elbowed (el'bed). Angular, kneed.
 — ; .;
;

ELBOW-JERK 307 ELECTROLYSIS

elTjow-jerk. Triceps reflex.* ments is magnified by a series of lenses and pro-

el'bow-joint. Articulatio cubiti, elbow, the articu- jected by an arc light on a photographic plate.
lation between the humerus and the ulna. electrocardiog'raphy [electro- +
G. kardia, heart, -I-
elbow-lameness (el'bo-lam"nes). Lameness in the grapho, I write.] A
method of recording electrical
horse most commonly due to disease of the joint, currents set free in the heart muscle just previous
sprain of the lateral ligaments, or rupture of the to each heart beat; the machine employed is an
triceps muscle. electrocardiograph, and the result obtained an
el'der. Sarabucus,* the dried flowers of Sambucus electrocardiogram .

canadensis. electrocardiophonog'raphy [«/«c/ro- -1-G. kardia.heart,

elecampane (el-e-kam-pan'). Inula, the root of + phone, sound, + graphd, I write.] A method
Inula helenium. of recording the heart sounds, the record being an
Elec'tra-com'plex [Elekira, daughter of Agamemnon, electrocardiophonogram, or, more simply, an
whose love for her murdered father led her to con- electrophonogram.
nive at the assassination of her mother by whom electrocatai'ysis. Catalysis, or chemical decompo-
the father had been killed. ] Father complex, a sition, produced by electricity.
complex of hysterical symptoms thought to be electrocauterization (e-lek"tro-caw"ter-i-za'shun)
due to the suppressed sexual love of a young Cauterization by means of a platintun wire heated
woman for her own father; opposite of CEdipus* by the passage of a current of electricity.
complex. electrocautery (e-lek"tro-caw'ter-J[.) An instru-
electrargol (e-lek-trar'gol) Trade name of a sus-
. ment in which a platinum wire is heated by pass-
pension of colloidal silver prepared by electrolysis. ing an electric current through it, used for cau-
elec'tric, elec'trical. Relating to electricity. terizing the tissues.
electricity [L. electrum, G. elekiron,
(e-lek-tris'I-tJ) electrochemical (e-lek-tro-kem'i-kal). Relating to
amber, friction of which produces electricity.] electrochemistry.
A form of energy, of unknown nature, the cause electrochemistry (e-lek-tro-kem'is-tri). Chemical
of manifold "electrical" phenomena light, heat, — reaction effected by means of electricity.
attraction, repulsion, etc. Two forms are dis- electrocoagulation (e-lek"tro-ko-ag-u-la'shun). The
tinguished resting or static e., and flowing, cur- hardening of tumors and diseased tissues by the
rent, or dynamic e.; it is produced by friction, passage through them of high-frequency currents
chemical action, or induction. Electricity is diathermy.
positive or vitreous, that produced by rubbing electrocontractil'ity.The power of contraction of
glass with silk, the e. of the glass being positive, muscular tissue in response to an electrical stim-
that of the silk negative; or negative or resinous, ulus.
produced by rubbing sealing-wax or amber with electrocute (e-lek'tro-kilt) [electricity +
execute.]
flannel or silk, the e. of the amber or sealing-wax To put to death by means of an electrical current.
being negative, that of the flannel or silk positive. electrocu'tion. The carrying out of the death
Static e. (see franklinism), is produced by friction penalty by means of a powerful electrical current
galvanic e. (see galvanism), by chemical action; the legal method of execution of murderers in
faradic e. (see faradism), by electrical induc- several of the United States.
tion; magnetic e., by magnetic induction (see electrocystoscope (e-lek"tro-sis'to-sk5p). cysto- A
dynamo'). scope provided with a minute electric light for
illuminating the interior of the bladder.
chemical, galvanism, voltaism. decomposition by, electrode (e-lek'tr5d) [electro- +
G. odos, way.]
electrolysis, element freed by, ion, anion, cation,
execution by, electrocution, fear of, electrophobia. One of the two extremities of an electric circuit;
frictional, franklinism, static electricity, induced. one of the two poles of an electric battery or of
faradism. introduction of remedies by, cataphoresis. the ends of the conductors connected therewith.
units of measurement, ampfere, coulomb, dyne, erg,
ac'tive e., therapeutic e. disper'sing e., indifferent
farad, joule, milliampfere, ohm, volt, watt, weber.
e., silent e. exci'ting e., therapeutic e. indiff-
To charge with electricity.
elec'trify. erent e., silent e., the e. employed simply to com-
i The act of electrifying.
electriza'tion. . 2. Treat- plete the circuit, which exerts no therapeutic ef-
ment by means of electricity. fect, lo'calizing e., therapeutic e. neg'ative e.,
electro-. A
prefix denoting electric or electricity. cathode, pos'itive e., anode, si'lent e., indif-
electroanesthesia (e-lek"tro-an-es-the'zi-ah). Anes- ferent e.therapeu'tic e., the e. by means of which
thesia produced by the LeDuc current. the therapeutic action of the electricity is obtained.
electrobiorogy \electro- -I- G. hios, life, -I- -logia.} eiectrodiagno'sis. Determination of the nature of
Science in relation to electrical phenomena in the a disease through observation of changes in elec-
living organism. trical irritability.
elec"trobios'copy [electro- + skoped, I
G. bios, life, -1- electrodiaph'any. Diaphanoscopy.
examine.] The employment of electricity as a elec"trodynamom'eter [electro- + G. dynamis, force,
means of determining whether life is extinct or -I- metron, measure.] A device for determining
not. the strength of an electrical current.
electrocar'diagram. Electrocardiogram. electrogen'esis [G. genesis, production.] The pro-
electrocar'diogram [electro- +
G. kardia, heart, -f- duction of electricity.
gramma, a drawing.] A
graphic representation of elec"trohemos'tasis [electro- + G. haima, blood, +
the varying somatic electric currents depending stasis, halt.] The arrest of hemorrhage by means
of the electrocautery.
upon the cardiac pulsations.
elec"trocar'diograph [electror + G. kardia, heart, + elec'trolepsy. Bergeron's chorea, electric chorea(2).
graphd, I write.] An instrument for recording electrolithotrity (e-lek"tro-H-thot'rI-tI) [electro- +
the electrical changes caused by contraction of G. lithos, stone, +
L. iritus; terere, to rub.] Elec-
trolysis of a vesical calculus.
the heart muscle; it consists of a strong magnet
Science in relation to electricity.
with the poles near together, and suspended electrol'ogy.

between them a fine platinum or silvered quartz electrol'ysis [electricity + G. lysis, solution.] Decom-
position of a salt or other chemical compound or of
thread; this thread deviates whenever a, current
certain of the body tissues by means of electricity.
passes through it, and the shadow of its move-
 ELECTROLYTE 308 ELEPHANTIASIS

electrolyte (e-lek'tro-lit) [G. elektron, amber (elec- + G. taxis, orderly arrange-

electrotaz'is [electricity
tricity), + lytos, dissolved.] Any compound ment.] Reaction of plant or animal protoplasm
which, in solution, conducts a current o£ electric- to one or the other electric pole positive electro-
;

ity and is decomposed by it. taxis is that in which the living body Is attracted
electrolyt'ic. by electrolysis.
Referring to or caused toward the cathode or repelled from the anode,
electTolyzable (e-lek"tro-li'za-bl). The condition negative electrotaxis is the reverse of this.
of an electrolyte, capable of being decomposed by electrothana'sia [electro- + G. thanatos, death.]
means of an electric current. Death caused by electricity.
elec'trolyze. To decompose chemically by means electrotherapeutics, electrotherapy (e-lek"tro-ther-
of an electric current. S-pu'tiks, e-lek-tro-ther'S-pI) [electro- iherapeia, +
elec'trolyzer. An apparatus for the treatment of treatment.] The employment of electricity in
strictures, fibromata, etc., by electrolysis. the treatment of disease.
electroxnag'net. A
bar of soft iron rendered mag- elec'trotherm [G. therme, heat.] A
flexible sheet of
netic by an electric current encircling it. resistance coils,- covered with felt, used for apply-
electromassage (e-lek"tro-mas-sazh'). Massage ing heat to the surface of the body.
combined with the application of electricity. electroton'ic. Relating to electrotonus.
electrom'eter [G. meiron, measure.] An instrument electrot'onus [electro- +
G. tones, tension.] The
for measuring the strength of an electrical cur- condition of tonus in a muscle or nerve caused by
rent. the passage through it of an electrical current.
electromo'tive. Relating to the passage of elec- electrotropism (e-lek-trot'ro-pizm) [electro- G. +
tricity in a circuit, or to motion produced by the trope, a turning.] Electrotaxis.
electric current. elec'trozone. A
disinfectant solution of ozone
elec"tromus'cular sensibil'ity. Sensibility of mus- generated by the electrolysis of sea-water.
cular tissue to stimulation by electricity. electuary (e-lek'chu-a-rl) [G. ekleikios, licked up.]
elec'trou. One of the negatively electrified corpus- Confection.
cles or particles of ether adherent to, or contained eleidin (^-le'I-din) [G. elaia, oil.]A deeply staining
in, and constituting in their aggregation the substance (possibly hyalin) forming the granules
atom; in size they are estimated to be tetJVtt of the stratum granulosum of the epidermis.
that of the hydrogen atom, emis'sion e., element [L. elementum, a rudiment, beginning.] i.
one of the electrons concerned in the radio- A simple substance, one which is incapable of
activity of the atom, free e., one of the elec- being split up into other substances. 2. A cell
trons existing between the atoms of a metal or other indivisible anatomical structure. 3.
to the presence of which the electrical conductiv- Earth, air, fire, or water, formerly regarded as
ity of the metal is due. va'Iency e., one of the the principles of which all matter was composed.
electrons which take part in the chemical [For a list of the chemical elements with their
reaction of the atom. symbols and atomic weights, see the Appendix.]
electroneg'ative. Relating to or charged with acid'ulous e., an e. whose oxides unite with water
negative electricity. to form acids only, never bases, amphoter'ic e.,
electropathorogy. The study of pathological con- an e. one or more of whose oxides unite with water
ditions in their relation to electrical reactions. to form acids, others to form bases, anatomical
electrop'athy. Electrotherapeutics; especially the c, any anatomical unit, such as a cell, bas'ylous
employment of electricity by charlatans. e., an e. whose oxides unite with water to form
electrophore (e-lek'tro-for) [eleclricily + G. pharos, a bases only, never acids. electroneg'atiTe e.,
bearer.] i. An appliance for obtaining electricity the element in an electrolyte which is attracted
by induction, an electrophorus. 2. An electrode. to the anode or positive pole. electropos'itiTe e.j
electroph'orus. Electrophore. the element in an electrolyte which is attracted to
elec"tropho"tother'apy. Phototherapy in which the the cathode or negative pole, galvan'ic e., gal-
source of the rays is the electric light. vanic* cell, morpholog'ical e., anatomical e.
electrophysiol'ogy. The branch of science which sar'cous e., one of the plasmodia, or cell-syncitia,
treats of physiological processes in relation to the constituting the imit of muscular tissue.
production of electrical phenomena. elemen'tary. 1. Relating to an element, simple,
electropositive (e-lek"tro-poz'i-tiv). Relating to not compounded. 2. Rudimentary.
or charged with positive electricity. elemi (el'e-mi). Manila elemi, a. fragrant resinous
electroprogno'sis. The prognosis in certain cases exudation from Canarium commune; employed
of disease, determined by the electrical reactions. in the preparation of stimulating plasters.
electropunc'ture. The passage of an electrical cur- eleom'eter [G. WaioM, oil, -H me/ron, measure.] An in-
rent through needle electrodes piercing the tissues. strument for determining the specific gravity of
electroradiometer (e-lek"tro-ra-dl-om'e-tur) [elec- oils.
tric + h. radius, ray, -|- G. metron, measure.] eleomyenchysis (el"e-o-mi-en'ki-sis). Elaeomyen-
A modified electroscope designed for the differ- chysis.
entiation of radiant energy. eleopathic (el-e-o-path'ik) . Relating to or marked
electroBcission (e-Iek'tro-sK-shun). Division of the by eleopathy.
tissues by means of an electrocautery knife. eleopathy (el-e-op'&-thl) Elaiopathia, a boggy
.

elec'troscope [G. skoped, I examine.] An apparatus swelling of the joints said to be due to a fatty
for detecting the presence of electricity in the deposit following contusion; or possibly a
tissues or elsewhere. condition resulting from the injection of paraffin
elec'trosol. Colloidal metal.* oil as a form of malingering.
electroBtat'ic. Relating to static electricity. eleoptene (el-e-op'ten) [G. elaion, oil, +ptenos, fleet-
electrostatics. The branch of electrical science ing.] The fluid or volatile portion of a volatile
dealing with static electricity. oil, as distinguished from its crystallizable por-
electrosur'gery. The use of electricity in surgery. tion, or stearoptene.
electrosyn'thesis [G. elektron, amber (whence elec- eleosaccharum (el"e-o-sak'a-rum). Elaeosaccharum.
tricity), + synthesis, compounding.] Forming elephan'tiac. Relating to elephantiasis.
a compound by means of electrical action. elephantiasis (el-e-fan-ti'a-sis) [G. elephas, elephant.]
ELEPHANTIASIS 309 ELIXIR

Barbados leg, pachydermia, hypertrophy of the e.aromaficum ru'brum (N.F.), red aromatic elixir,
skin and subcutaneous tissues due to obstructed e. aromaticum (U.S.) colored with cudbear.
circulation in the blood or lymphatic vessels; ama'ri (N.F.), e. of bitter orange, pre-
e. auran'tii
called alsoe. Ar'abum, e, in'dica. congen'ital e., pared to displace e. curassao; oil of bitter orange
congenital enlargement of one or more of the 4, tincture of bitter orange peel 20, alcohol 300, stronger
orange-flower water 20, syrup 400, distilled water to
limbs or other parts» due to dilatation of the
make 1000.
lymphatics, e. asturien'sis, pellagra, e. Grseco'-
e. auran'tii compos'itum, compound elixir of^orange,
nim, leprosy, c. ital'ica,
pellagra, e. mol'lis, vinum aurantii compositum (N.F.); contains bitter
dermatolysis. e. telangiecto'des, hypertrophy of orange peel, cassia, extracts of gentian, cascarilla,
the skin and subcutaneous tissues accompanied absinth, and menyanthes in sherry; used as a vehicle
by and dependent upon ciilatation of the blood- and as a tonic bitter.
vessels. bismu'thi (N.F.), e. of bismuth; each dose of 5i
c.

el'evator [L. elevare, to

lift.] i. An instniment f or (4.0) contains bismuthand sodium tartrate, of eachgr.
2 (o, 13), in aromatic elixir diluted with glycerin and
prying up a sunken part, as the depressed frag-
water; employed as a stomachic.
ment of bone in fracture of the skull. 2. A den-
e. buCchu (N.F.) e. of buchu; each dose of 3 1 (4.0)
tal instrument for extracting the root of a tooth.
,

contains fluidextract of buchu in!7i^ (0.5) in aromatic

el'evator disease'. A form of pneumonoconiosis elixir diluted with alcohol and syrup; employed in
occurring in workers in grain elevators. catarrh of the urinary passages.
Elgin Springs, Verfljoht. Alkaline-saline waters, e. bu'chu compos'itum (N.F.), compound e. of
45° F. Used by drinking in chronic constipa- buchu; each dose of 3i (4.0) contains compound
tion and in disorders of the blood. fluidextract of buchu (N.F.), HPis (i.o),in aromatic
eliminant (e-lim'i~nant) [L. eliwdnans; eliminare, to elixir, alcohol, and syrup; used in catarrh of the
urinary passages.
turn out of doors.] i. Evacuant promoting
e. bu'chu et potas'sii aceta'tis (N.F.), e. of buchu
excretion or the removal of waste, z. An agent
and potassium acetate; each dose of 5^ (a-o) contains
which increases excretion. potassium acetate gr. 5 (0.3) in elixir of buchu; used
elimina'tion [L. eliminare, to ttum out,] Expulsion; in catarrh of the bladder and as a diuretic.
removal of waste material from the body; the e, caff ei'nse, e. of caffeine; each dose of 3 1 (4.0) con-
getting rid of anything. tains caffeine gr. and diluted hydrobromic
i (0.06),
elinguation (e-ling-gwa'shun) [L. e^ out, + lingua, acid irni (0.015). aromatic elixir flavored with
in
tongue.] The operation of removal of the tongue. syrup of coffee; employed in headache and as a nerve
elix'ir, pi. elixir* ia (e-lik'£ur) [Ar. eliksir, the philos-
stimulant.
bro'midi (N.P.), e. of calcium bromide;
opher's stone,] A
sweetened, aromatic, alcoholic e, cal'cii
each dose of 3 1 (4.0) contains calcium bromide gr. 5
liquid containing usually some active medicinal
(0.3), and diluted hydrobromic acid TT])i (0.015), in
substance or serving as a vehicle for such in aromatic elixir; erve sedative.
extemporaneous prescriptions. Three elixirs are e. cal'cii et so'dii glycerophospha'tum (N'.F.), e. of
official in the U.S.P., none in the B.P.. but the glycerophosphates; each dose of 3i (4-o) contains
N.F. contains eighty-eight. sodium glycerophosphate gr. i (o. 06) calcium glycero- ,

phosphate gr. i C0.03), phosphoric acid gr. i (0.03), in

e. acldi saficyi'ici, e, of salicylic acid; each dose of aromatic elixJu with 30 per cent, glycerin; nerve tonic.
3 1 (4 o) contains gr. 5 (o 3) of salicylic acid with potas-
. . e. cal'cii hypophosphi'tis (N.F.), e. of calcium hypo-
sium citrate in equal parts of glycerin and aromatic phosphite; each dose of $2 (8.0) contains calcium
elixir; employed in rheumatism. hypophosphite gr. 4 (o a 6) and hypophosphorous
. ,

e. ad'juvans, adjuvant elixir, e. glycyrrhizae (U.S.); acid TiPi" (0.03), in aromatic elixir; alterative.
employed as a vehicle to disguise the taste of saline e. cal'cii lactophospha'tis (N.F.), e. of calcium lacto-
or bitter remedies. phos hate; each dose of 5 2 (8.0) contains calcium
. e. ama'rum, bitter elixir; contains extract of ab- lactate gr. 2 (0.13), and phosphoric acid TiPi (0.06),
sinth 2, oil-sugar of peppermint i, water 5, bitter in aromatic elixir, syrup, and water; alterative and
tincture and aromatic tincture of each i; employed nutrient.
as a bitter tonic. c.cardamo'mi compos'itum (N.F.), compound elixir
e. ammo'nii bro'midi (N.F.), e. of ammonium of cardamom, composed of compound syrup of carda-
bromide; each dose of 5i (4.0) contains gr. s (0.3). of mom 10, alcohol 90. syrup 400, distilled water suffi-
ammonium bromide; nerve sedative and antispas- cient to make 1000.
modic. e. cas'carse sagra'dse (N.F.), e. of cascara sagrada;
e.ammo'nii valera'tis (N.F.), e. of ammonium valer- each dose of $1 (4.0) contains aromatic fluidextract of
ate; each dose of 5 1 (4 o) contains ammonium valerate
.
cascara sagrada TIK30 (2.0) in aromatic e.;laxative.
gr. 2 (o- 13). and chloroform iir 5^ (0.0052), in aromatic
e. cas'carae sagra'dse compos'itum (N.F.), compound
elixir flavored with vanilla and colored red with com-
e. ofcascara sagrada, laxative e.; each dose of $1 (4.0)
pound tincture of cudbear; nerve sedative. contains aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada tru?}
e. ammo'nii valera'tis et quini'nae, e. of ammonium
(0.5), fluidextract of senna irgs ,(0.3), and fluidextract
valerate and quinine; each dose of 3i (4-0) contains
of juglans 154 (0.26) in aromatic e.; laxative.
quinine hydrochloride gr. i (0.015) in e. of ammonium
e. cathar'ticum compos'itum (N.F.), compound
valerate; nerve sedative.
cathartic e. each dose of 3 1 (4 o) contains fluid-
e. amyg'dalse compos'itum (N.F.), compound elixir of
;

extract of frangula, np?^^ (0.5), -fluidextract of senna,

almond; composed of oil of bitter almond 0.5. vanillin
11]J6 (0.4), fluidextract of rhubarb, njJ4 (0.26), in aro-
i.o, stronger orange-flower water 150, alcohol 50,
matic elixir flavored with peppermint and saccharin;
syrup 20, distilled water to make 1000.
of laxative,
e. ani'si (N.F.), e. of anise; contains anethol, oil
e. chlorofor'mi compos'itum, compound e. of chloro-
bitteralmond, and oil of fennel in a mixture of alcohol
a vehicle form; each dose of tirso (2.0) contains laudanum,
25, syrup 62 5, and water 12.5; employed as
.
chloroform, spirit of camphor, and aromatic spirit of
and as a carminative for infants in doses of THJis
ammonia, each nPsi (0.33) in alcohol flavored with
oil of cinnamon; anodyne, antispasmodic, and car-
e. a'pii graveolen'tis compos'itum, compound e. ot
minative.
celery; each dose of 5i C4.0) contains fluidextract of
e. cincho'nee alkaloido'rum (N<F.), e. of cinchona
celery seed, coca, kola, and viburnum prunifolium, of
alkaloids, e. of calisaya, compound e. of quinine; each
each iiE3f (o 24), in a mixture of alcohol 12.5 and aro-
.

dose of 32 (8.0) contains quininesulphategr.}(o. 015),

matic elixir 87. S; nerve tonic.
cinchonine sulphate and cinchonidine sulphate each gr.
_ ^ ,

e. aromaficum (U.S.), aromatic elixir, simple

syrup, J (0.008), in aromatic elixir colored red with tincture
eUxir; contains compound spirit of orange,
of cudbear; bitter tonic.
alcohol, and water; employed as a vehicle.
 1

ELIXIR 310 ELIXIR

e. cincho'nae alkaloido'rum et fer'ri (N.F.), e. of cin- euon'ymi, e. of euonymus or wahoo; each dose of
e.

chona alkaloids and iron, ferrated e. of calisaya; each 3 (4.0) contains fluidextract of euonymus tthio (0.6)
in elixir of taraxacum, syrup of coffee, and
compound
dose of 52 (8.0) contains soluble ferric phosphate gr.
water; diuretic and cholagogue.
4 (0.26) in elixir of cinchona alkaloids; bitter tonic
in anemic conditions. e. eupne'in, is said to contain heroine gr. A, terpin

6. cincho'nee alkaloido'rum et hypophosphi'tum hydrate gr. i, creosote gr. 2^, and alcohol III20 in each
teaspoonf ul employed as a stimulant expectorant in
(N.F.). e. of cinchona alkaloids and hypophosphites, e.
;

of calisaya and of the hypophosphites; each doseof 52

doses of 3 1-3 (4 .0-12.0).
(8.0) contains calcium and sodium hypophosphite each e. fer'ri hypophosphi'tis (N.F.), e. of hypophosphite

gr. 2 (0.13), and hypophosphorous acid irtJ (0.03) of iron; each dose of 3i (4.0) contains hypophosphite
in elixir of cinchona alkaloids and water; tonic and of iron gr. i (0.06) in aromatic elixir; used in anemia.
alterative. 6, fer'ri lacta'tis (N.F.), e. of lactate of iron; each

e. cincho'nae alkaloido'rum, fer'ri, bismu'thi, et dose of 3 1 (4-0) contains lactate of iron gr. i (0.06),
cinchona alkaloids, iron, bis-
strychni''naB (N.F.), e. of potassium citrate gr. 3 (0.2) in aromatic elixir; used
muth, and strychnine; each dose of 5i (40) contains in anemia.
strychnine sulphate gr. lio (0.0006) in e. of cinchona phogpha'tis (N.P.), e. of phosphate of iron;
e. fer'ri
alkaloids, iron, and bismuth; nerve tonic in anemia. each dose of 3 1 (4*0) contains soluble ferric phosphate

cincho'nffl alkaloido'rum, fer'ri, et bismu'thi gr. 2 (0.13) in aromatic elixir, used in anemia and
e.
(N.F.). e. of cinchona alkaloids, iron, and bismuth; neurasthenia.
each doseof 32 (8.0) contains bismuth gr. 2 (0.13), e. fer'ri pyrophospha'tis (N.F.), e. of pyrophosphate

sodium tartrate gr. 2 C0.13). and soluble ferric tartrate of iron; each dose of 3i (4-o) contains soluble ferric
pyrophosphate gr. 2 (o. 13) in aromatic elixir.
gr. 3 J (0.23) in e. of cinchona alkaloids; stomachic
e. pyrophospha'tis, quini'nae, et strychni'nse
fer'ri
tonic in anemic conditions.
(N.F.) e. of pyrophosphate of iron, quinine, and strych-
e. cincho'nae alkaloido'rum, fer'ri, et cal'cii lacto-
,

phospha'tis (N.F.), e. of cinchona alkaloids, iron, and nine; each dose of 3i (4-o) contains ferric pyro-
calciumlactophosphate; each dose of 32 (8 .o)contains phosphate gr. 2 (0.13), quinine sulphate gr. J (0.03),
calcium lactate gr. i (0.06), phosphoric acid irei C0.03), and strychnine gr.T?5 (0.0005), with citric acid and
oil of orange in alcoho syrup, and water; tonic.
and soluble ferric phosphate gr. 4 (0.26), in e. of ,

e. fer'ri, quini'nse, et strychni'nae (N.F.), e. of iron,

cinchona alkaloids; alterative and hematinic.
quinine, and strychnine; each dose of 3i (4.0) con-
e. cincho'nae alkaloido'rum, fer'ri, et pepsi'ni (N.F.).
tains tincture of citrochloride of iron Mj^ (O'S),
e. of cinchona alkaloids, iron, and pepsin; each dose of
quinine hydrochloride gr. J (0.03), and strychnine
52 (8 o) contains soluble ferric phosphate gr. 3 (0.2).
.

sulphate gr. lio (o. 0006) in aromatic elixir, tonic.

and pepsin gr. 2 (0.13), in e. of cinchona alkaloids; e. fer'ri, quini'n£e, et strychni'nse phospha'tum (U.S.),
digestive and hematinic.
elixir of the phosphates of iron, quinine, and strych-
e. cincho'nce alkaloido'rum, fer'ri, et strychni'nffi
nine; each dose of 3i (4.0) contains ferric phosphate
(N.F.). e. of cinchona alkaloids, iron, and strychnine; gr. I, quinine gr. J, and strychnine gr. 3^4; dose 34-a
each dose of 3 1 (40) contains strychnine sulphate (2 . 0-8 o).
.

gr. ijff (0.0006) in e. of cinchona alkaloids and iron;

e. forma'tum (N.F.), elixir of formates, composed of
nerve tonic in anemia. potassium carbonate 41, monohydrated sodium car-
e. cincho'nae alkaloido'rum, pepsi'ni, et strychni'na, bonate 36, formic acid 225, aromatic elixir to make
e. of cinchona alkaloids, pepsin, and strychnine; each 1000; dose, 32 (8.0).
dose of 3 1 (4.0) contains strychnine sulphate gr. -jj^ e. forma'tum compos'itum (N.F.), compound elixir
(0.0006), and pepsin gr. i (0.06), in e. of cinchona of formates; composed of monohydrated sodium car-
alkaloids; stomachic. bonate 23, magnesium carbonate 20, strontium car-
e. co'cae, e. of coca, e. of erythroxylon; each dose of bonate 25, lithium carbonate 8, quinine 7.7, formic
5i (4.0) contains fluidextract of coca, njTi (0.5). in acid 200, compound spirit of cardamom 5. acetic
aromatic elixir diluted with alcohol and syrup and ether 2, alcohol 100, glycerin 300, distilled water to
flavored with vanilla; stimulant in muscular fatigue. make 1000; dose, 32 (8.0).
e. co'cEe et guara'nse, e. of coca and guarana, e. of e. fran'guls, e. of frangula or buckhorn; each dose
erythroxylon and guarana; each dose of 3i (40) con- of 3 1 (40) contains fluidextract of frangula 15115 (i.o)
tains fluidextract of coca and of guarana each iiEVi (o 5) . in compound elixir of taraxacum i part, aromatic elixir
in compound elixir of taraxacum; employed in head- 3 parts; laxative.
ache and as a stimulant. gentia'nce (N.F.), e. of gentian; each dose of 3i
e.
cor'rigens, e, eriodictyi aromaticum.
e. (4.0) contains fluidextract of gentian TII2 (0.13) in
coryd'alis compos'itum (N.F.), compound e. of
e. aromatic elixir flavored with cardamom.
corydalis; each dose of 3i (4-0) contains potassium e. gentia'nae et fer'ri (N.F.), e, of gentian and iron;
iodide gr, 3 (0.2), fluidextract of xanthoxylum. TTP2 each dose of 3 (4 0) contains tincture of citrochloride
1

(0.13), fluidextract of corydalis and of stillingia, each of iron 1516 (0.4) in elixir of gentian.
TI]j3f (0.24), fluidextract of iron TTpsi (0.33). in aro- e. gentia'nae et fer'ri phospha'tis (N.F.), e. of
matic elixir with 12^ per cent, alcohol; alterative and gentian and phosphate of iron, ferrated e. of gentian,
tonic. ferrophosphated e. of gentian; each dose of 3i (4.0)
curassa'o, e. of curacao, now replaced in the N.F.
e. contains soluble ferric phosphate gr. 1 (o 06) in elixir .

by aurantii amari; each dose of 34 (x6.o) contains

e. of gentian.
spirit ofcuragao 1154 (0.25), with orris root and citric e. gentia'nse ferra'tum, ferrated c. of gentian, c.
acid, in alcohol 25 per cent., aromatic elixir 25 per gentianae et ferri phosphatis (N.F.).
cent., and syrup 50 per cent.; it has no medicinal 8. gentia'nae glycerina'tum (N.F.), nlycerinated e.
virtues. of gentian; each dose of 32 (8.0) contains fluidextract
digesti'vum compos'itum, compound digestive e.,
e. of gentian T1]Ji& (o.oS), fluidextract of taraxacum
compound e. of pepsin; each dose of 32 (8.0) contains TiPil (0.12), phosphoric acid gr. i (0.06) in sherry
pepsin gr. ij (0.075). pancreatin and diastase each gr. with 40 per cent, of glycerin flavored with orange peel,
V (0.008), with lactic and hydrochloric acids, in aro- cardamom, and sugar.
matic elixir with glycerin 25 per cent., colored red with e. glycyrrhi'zae (U.S.), e. of licorice, e. adjuvans;
cudbear; a digestive of doubtful virtues. fluidextract of licorice 125, aromatic elixir 825; dose,
e. eriodic'tyi aromat'icum (N.F.), aromatic e. of 32 (8.0), used as a vehicle.
eriodictyon, or yerba santa; each dose of 3i (4-0) e. glycyrrhi'zse aromaficum (N.F.), aromatic e. of
contains fluidextract of eriodictyon njJsJ (0.24),- in licorice; same as the preceding flavored with oils of
equal parts of syrup and compound elixir of taraxa- cinnamon, cloves, fennel, and nutmeg; used as a
cum; used as a vehicle for quinine and other bitter vehicle.
remedies. glycerophospha'tum compos'itum (N.F.), com-
e.
e. eucalyp'ti, e. of eucalyptus; each doseof 3i (40) pound elixir of glycerophosphates 40, calcium glycero-
contains fluidextract of eucalyptus IT117 J (o 5) in a mix-
. phosphate 16, ferric glycerophosphate 3, soluble
ture of compound elixir of taraxacum, alcohol, and manganese glycerophosphate '2; quinine glycerophos-
syrup of coffee; tonic and antiperipdic. phate i, strychnine glycerophosphate o. 15, lactic acid
ELIXIR 311 ELIXIR

10, compound spirit of cardamom 2, alcohol 125, glycerin e. pl'cis compos'itum, compound e. of tar; each dose
350, distilled water to make 1000; dose, 52 (8.0). of 5 1 (4.0) contains syrup of tolu and syrup of wild
e. glycyrrhi'zae aquo'sum (N.P.), aqueous elixir of cherry each 1T1112 (0.8), and morphine sulphate gr. ^g
composed of fluidextract of licorice 150,
licorice, (0.0014) in wine of tar; expectorant.
compound spirit of cardamom 5, stronger orange- e. pUocar'pi (N.F.), e. of pilocarpus or jaborandi;
flower water 200, glycerin 150, syrup 150, distilled each dose of 32 (8.0) contains fluidextract of pilo-
water to make 1000; dose, $2 (8 0). carpus TIJ38 (0.52) in compound e. of taraxacum
e. grinde'lise, e. of grindelia; each dose of 52 (S.o) flavored with syrup of coffee and tincture of vanilla;
contains fluidextract of grindelia itRvJ (0.5) in com- diaphoretic, diuretic, and sialogogue.
pound elixir of taraxacum; antispasmodic. e. of potassium acetate;
e. potas'sii aceta'tis (N.F.),
e. guara'nae (N.F.), e. of guarana; each dose of 3i each dose of 5i (16.0) contains potassium acetate
(4.0) contains fluidextract of guarana n]!i2 (0.8) gr. 20 (1.3) in aromatic e.; diuretic and antacid.
in a mixture of aromatic e. and compound e. of e. potas'sii aceta'tis et junip'eri
(N.F.), e. of potas-
taraxacum; employed in the treatment of headache sium acetate and juniper; each dose of
and neuralgia. 5i (16.0)
contains fluidextract of juniper ITJJso (2.0) and
e. hu'muU (N.F.), e. of hops; each dose of 3 a potassium acetate gr. 20 (i .3) in aromatic e. diuretic. ;

(8.0) contains fluidextract of hops HJJig (i.o) in a e. potas'sii bro'midi (N.F.), e. of potassium bromide;
mixture of aromatic e. and compound e. of taraxacum; each dose of "5 2 (8.0) contains potassium bromide
sedative and diaphoretic. gr. 20 (1.3) in aromatic e. colored red with compound
e. hypophosphi'tum (N.F.), e. of hypophosphites; tincture of cudbear; nerve sedative.
each dose of 32 (8.0) contains calcium hypophos- e. pro, e. proprieta'tls Paracel'si, Paracelsus' e. of
phite gr. 6 (0.4), sodium and potassium hypophos- propriety (i.e. in propriety with the human constitu-
phites each gr. 2 (0.13), hypophosphorous acid tion), tinctura aloes et myrrhse,
TiPi (0.03) in aromatic elixir with glycerin and carda- e. quim'nse et phospha'tum compoB'itum, compound
mom; alterative. e. of quinine and phosphates; each dose of $2 (8.0)
e.hypophosphi'tum et fer'ri (N.F.), e. of hypophos- contains quinine sulphate gr. } (0.03), soluble ferric
phitesand iron; each dose of 32 (S.o) contains ferrous phosphate and potassium citrate each gr. 2 (o 13) and . ,

and potassium hypophosphites each gr. 1(0. 06) cal- , syrup of calcium lactophosphate iijt30 (2.0) in aromatic
cium and sodium hypophosphites each gr. 2 (o 13), e.; tonic.
hypophosphorous acid aeJ {0.03) in aromatic elixir, e. quini'nse valera'tis et strychni'nae (N.F.), e. of
syrup, and water; alterative and hematinic. quinine valerate and strychnine; each dose of 3i
e. laxati'vum, laxative e., e. cascars sagrads com- (4 .0) contains quinine ^alerate gr. i (o 06) and .

positum (N.F.). strychnine sulphate gr. t (o.ooof^) in aromatic e.

e. lith'ii bro'midi (N.F.), e. of lithium bromide; colored red with compound tincture of cudbear; nerve
each dose of ^2 (8.6) contains gr. 10 (0.6) of this tonic.
salt in aromatic e.; nerve sedative. e. rhe'i, e. of rhubarb; each dose of 52 (8.0) contains
e. lith'ii citra'tis (N.F.), e. of Kthium citrate; each sweet tincture of rhubarb 3i (4-o) with alcohol, glyc-
dose of Sii (6.o) contains gr, 7^ (o-s) of this salt erin, syrup, and water; stomachic laxative.
in aromatic elixir; used in rheumatism and gout. e. rhe'i et magne'siiaceta'tis, e. of rhubarb and mag-
e. lith'ii salicyla'tis (N.F.), e. of lithium salicylate; nesium acetate; each dose of $1 (4.0) contains fluid-
each dose of 32 (8.0) contains gr. 10 (0.6) of this extract of rhubarb m7h (o-S). and magnesium acetate
salt in aromatic e. em.ployed in rheumatism and as a
; gr. 4 (0.2s) in aromatic e.; laxative refrigerant.
diaphoretic. compos'itum (N.F.), compound e. of black-
e. ru'bi
e, mal'ti et fer'ri, e. of malt and iron; each dose of 5 i berry; each dose of Si (16.0) contains blackberry
(15. 0) contains extract of malt 3i (4-o), soluble ferric root, galls, and cinnamon each gr. 4 (0.25), cloves
phosphate gr. 4 (0.26). in aromatic e.; tonic in anemia. gr. I (0.06), mace and ginger each gr. (0.03) in a -J-

e. of vif riol, acidum sulphuricum aromaticum. mixture of blackberry juice, glycerin, syrup, and
e. paraldehy'di, e. of paraldehyde; each dose of 3^ alcohol; employed in diarrhea.
(8.0) contains paraldehyde 11530 (2.0), in a mixture of e. sa'bali, san'tali et ze'es, elixir of saw palmetto,
alcohol, glycerin, and aromatic elixir flavored with cin- said to represent saw palmetto berries gr. 120, sandal-
namon, cardamom, and orange; hypnotic. wood gr. 30, and cornsilk gr, 120 in each fluidounce;
e. paregor'ic, tinctura camphorae composita (Br.), dose, 3 I—4 (4.0-16.0).
tinctura opii camphorata (U.S.). e. so'dii bro'midi (N.P.), e. of sodium bromide;
e. pepsi'nl (N.F.), e. of pepsin; each dose of 5 = each dose of 32 (8.0) contains gr. 20 (1,3) of this
(8.0) contains pepsin gr. 2 (0.13), hydrochloric acid salt in aromatic e.; nerve sedative,
(0.048) in aromatic e. with 20 per cent, glycerin;
llJIf e. so'dii hypophosphi'tis (N.F.), e. of sodium hypo-
digestive, phosphite; each dose of 5r (4.0) contains sodium
e. pepsi'ni, bismu'thi, et strychni'nae (N.F.), e. of pep- hypophosphite gr. 2 (o. 13) and hypophosphorous
sin,bismuth, and strychnine; each dose of 3 1 (4-0) con- acid UBi (0.015) in aromatic e.; tonic.
tains pepsin gr. ^ (0,03), bismuth and sodium tar- (N.F.), e. of sodium salicylate;
e. so'dii salicyla'tis
trate gr. 2 (0.13), and strychnine gr. ilv (0.0006) in each dose of 3i (4.0) contains gr. 5 (0.3) of this
aromatic elixir; tonic in dyspeptic conditions. salt in aromatic e. employed in rheumatism.
;'

e, pepsi'ni et bismu'thi (N.F.), e. of pepsin and bis- e. so'dii salicyla'tis compos'itum (N.F.), compound
muth; each dose of ^2 (8.0) contains pepsin gr. i elixir of sodium salicylate; contains sodium salicylate
(o, 06) ,« bismuth and sodium tartrate gr. 4 (0.26), 80, fluidextract of cimicifuga 32, fluidextract of gelsem-
in aromatic elixir; gastric sedative. ium 16, potassium iodide is. in aromatic elixir, suffi-
e. pepsi'ni et fer'ri (N.F.), e. of pepsin and iron; cient to make 1000; dose, 5^ (4 0)'
each dose of 5 2 (8.6) contains pepsin gr. 2 (0.13) e. stillin'gise compos'itum, compound e. of stillingia;
and tincture of citrochloride of iron TTjJio (0.6) in each dose of 3^ (4.0) contains compound fluidextract
aromatic elixir; in anemia with dyspeptic symptoms. of stillingia nRis (i 0) in aromatic e.; alterative.
e, pepsi'ni et renni'ni compositum (N.F.), compound e. strychni'nae valera'tis (N.F.), e. of strychnine val-
elixir of pepsin and rennin, formerly called essence of erate; each dose of $1 (4.0) contains gr. tStt (0.0006)
pepsin; pepsin 22.5, rennin 16. Si lactic acid 2, tinc- of this salt in aromatic e. colored red with cudbear and
ture of sweet orange peel IS. glycerin 250, alcohol flavored with vanilla; nerve tonic.
200, oil of myristica o i, distilled water to make 1000;
.
e. taraz'aci compos'itum. (N.F.), compound e. of

employed in indigestion in doses of $2 (8.0). taraxacum; each dose of 32 (8.0) contains fluid-
e. phos'phori (N.P.), e. of phosphorus; each dose extract of taraxacum n]J4 (0.26), fluidextract of
of 5i (4.0) contains phosphorus gr. ^
(0.001) wild cherry T[^2i (0.16) fluidextract of licorice and
in a mixture of glycerin and aromatic elixir flavored tincture of sweet orange peel each llJJvi^ (0.5), tincture
with oil of anise; nerve tonic. of cinnamon and compound tincture of cardamom
e. phos'phori et nu'cis vom'icce (N.P.), e. of phos- each TI]J3J (0.24) in aromatic e.; bitter tonic and
phorus and nux vomica; each dose of 3i (4-o) con- cholagogue, and used as a vehicle for bitter drugs.
tains phosphorus gr. sV (o.ooi) and tincture of nux e. terpi'ni hydra'tis (N.F.), e. of terpin hydrate;

vomica 1I]J2 (0.13); nerve tonic. each dose of 3 1 (4*0) contains gr. i (o 06) of terpin .
ELIXIR 312 EMAILLOID

hydrate in a mixture of alcohol, glycerin, and syrup El'liot's sign [George T. Elliot, New York derma-
flavored with tincture of sweet orange and saccharin; tologist, Induration or infiltration of
""iSss.]
used for the relief of cough. the border of a syphilitic skin lesion.
e. terpi'ni hydra'tis et codei'nGB (N.F.), e. of terpin
Ell'iott's law. Adrenalin acts by stimulating the
hydrate and codeine; each dose of 3 1 (4 o) contains
endings of the true sympathetic nerve.
codeine gr. (o. 008) added to the preceding; used for
El'lis's curve or line. Damoiseau's curve.
the relief of cough.
e. terpi'ni hydra'tis et diacetylmorplu'nee (N.F.), e. elm [A.S.] Ulmus.
of terpin hydrate and heroine; each dose of 3i (.4-0) El Paso de Ro'bles Hot and Cold Sulphur Springs,
contains heroine gr. ^ (0.0027) in e. of terpin hy- California. Alkaline-saline-sulphtireted, and al-
drate; used for the relief of cough. kaline-carbonated waters, 39° to 122° F.
e. tri'um bromido'rum (N.F.), e. of three bromides,
Among the variety of springs are the "Main Hot
composed of the bromides of ammonium, potassium,
Sulphur," the "Mud or Moor," the "Soda,"
and sodium, of each 80; cudbear 2; in compound e. of
almond to make 1000; dose, ^i (4.0). "Sand," "Cold," "White's Sulphur," "Iron," and
" Garden " springs. Used by drinking and bath-
e. tur'nersBf e. of turnera or damiana; each dose of
3i (4-0) contains fluidextract of turnera nRIO (0.6) in ing in rheumatism and articular affections, scrof-
alcohol, glyfierm, and aromatic e.; aphrodisiac. ula, disorders of the blood, glands, and skin, catar-
e. vaniUi'ni compos'itum (N.P.), compound e. of rhal conditions, and in disorders of women. The
vanillin, contains compound spirit of vanillin 20, alco-
entire year.
hol 80, glycerin 25, syrup 300, tincture of caramel
20, distilled water to make 1000.
Els'berg's solu'tiou of i'odine. A
20 per cent, solu-
e. vibur'ni op'uli compos'itum (N.F.), compound e.
tion of iodine in alcohol and ether.
of viburnum opulus or crampbark; each dose of Els'ner's asth'ma [Christophorus Fredericus Eisner,
3 1 (^.o) contains the fluidextracts of viburnum German physician, 1749— 1820.] Angina pectoris.
opulus and aletris each HJJs (0.3), and fluidextract Els'ner's me'dium [Ottomar Eisner, German histolo-
of trillium Tipio (0.6) in compound e. of taraxacum; gist, *i869.] A
culture medium of potato juice,
nerve sedative. gelatin, and i per cent, potassium iodide; em-
e. vibur'ni prunifo'lii (N.F.), e. of viburnum pru-
ployed chiefly in the cultivation of the typhoid
nifolium or black haw; each dose of 3i (4. o) con-
tains n]37i (o.s) of the fluidextract of this drug,
and the colon bacilli.

with compound tincture of cardamom, in aromatic elutriation (e-lu-trl-a'shun) [L. elutriare, to decant.]
elixir; uterine sedative. The separation of a coarse insoluble powder from
e, zin'ci valera'tis (N.F.), e. of zinc valerate; a finer one by suspending them in water and
each dose of 3i (4-o) contains zinc valerate gr. I pouring off the finer powder from the upper part
(0.06) and stronger solution of ammonium citrate of the fluid, the coarser one sinking first to the
Vi^6 (0.4) in alcohol and aromatic elixir, reddened
bottom.
with cudbear and flavored with bitter almosd; nerve
elytritis (el-e-tri'(tre')tis) [G. elytron, vagina, -I-
sedative.
-itis.l Colpitis inflammation of the vagina.
;

EUz'abeth Spring, Holland. Muriated-chalybeate elytrocele (el'e-tro-sel) [G. elytron, vagina, kelS, +
waters. Used by drinking in anemia, headache, tumor.] Colpocele; a hernia or other tumor pro-
neurasthenia, melancholia, and indigestion. jecting into the vagina.
EUennann-Erlandsen meth'od (el'air-mahn air'- ; elytioclasia (el"e-tro-kla'sI-ah) [G. elytron, vagina,
lahnd-sen) [V. Ellerman. A. Erlandsen, Copen- -I- klasis, a breaking.] Rupture of the vagina.
hagen physicians, contemporary.] i. Simul- elytrocleisis (el"I-tro-kli'sis) [G. elytron, vagina, +
taneous inoculation with a series of tuberculin kleisis, a closure.] Adhesion of the vaginal walls;
dilutions of known strength in order to determine obliteration of the vaginal canal.
the weakest dilution to which the patient will el'ytroplasty [G. elytron, vagina, -I- plasso, I form.]
react, this being calculated by measurement of the Colpoplasty; a plastic operation for the repair of
size of the resulting papules. 2. A method of a defect in the vagina.
examination of tuberculous sputum by treating it elytropto'sia [G. elytron, vagina, -1- ptosis, a falling.]
with sodium carbonate and caustic soda. Colpoptosia prolapse of the vaginal walls.
;

El'liot's operation [Robert Henry Elliot, British elytrorrhaphy (el-e-tror'rS-fJ) [G. elytron, vagina, -f
military surgeon in India.] Trephining of the rhaphe, a sewing.] Colporrhaphy repair of a rup-;

eyeball, at the corneascleral margin, to relieve ture of the vagina by freshening and suture of the
tension in glaucoma. torn edges.
elytrosteno'sis [G. elytron, vagina, + stenosis, a
narrowing.] Stricture or a general contraction
of the vagina, colpostenosis.
elytrot'omy [G. elytron, vagina, + tome, incision.]
Colpotomyi an incision into the wall of the
vagina.
Elzholz's bod'ies (elts'holts). [A. Ehholz, Vienna
psychiatrist, *i863.] Small bodies seen in
degenerating meduUated nerve-fibers. E.'s mix'-
ture, a solution of eosin in glycerin and water,
used in the quantitative estimation of leuco-
cytes.
emaciation (e-ma-sl-a'shtin) [L. emaciare, to grow
thin.] Extreme loss of flesh, a growing lean.
Elliot's Position. emacula'tion [L. e, out, -I- macula, spot.] The
removal of spots or other blemishes from the skin.
El'liot's position [John Wheelock Boston sur-
Elliot, emailloblast (e-mll'o-blast) [Fr. ^moiV, -enamel, -|-
geon, 1852.] A position to abdominal
facilitate G. blastos, sprout.] Ameloblast, adamanto-
section, the patient resting upon a double blast.*
inclined plane or on a single inclined plane with emailloid (em'i-loyd or e-mil'oyd) [Pr. Imail,
a cushion under the back at the level of the liver; enamel, -|- G. eidos, resemblance.] A tumor
see illustration. arising from the enamel of a tooth.
lNATION EMBRYOID
ition (em-S-na'shun) [L. emanare, to flow ber of small emboli, oil-e., fat e. paradox'ical
.] Exhalation, effluvium, ra'dium e., a e., plugging of a systemic artery by a mass trans-
linous vapor or gas given off from radium; it ported from a vein through an open foramen ovale,
)arts temporary radioactivity to other sub- without passing through the pulmonary circula-
ices upon which it seems to settle like an in- tion, pye'mic e., plugging of an artery by an
tely fine powder; in time, as shown by the embolus detached from an infective suppurating
ctrum, it is converted into helium; dissolved thrombus, ret'inal e., e. of the arteria centralis re-
vater it generates neon, dissolved in a solution tinae. ret'TOgrade e., the plugging of a vein by a
;opper sulphate it generates argon and possibly mass carried in a direction contrary to that of the
er substances. normal blood-current, ve'nous e., retrograde e.
atorium (e-man-a-to'-rJ-um). An institution embolola'lia [G. embolos, thrown in, 4- lalia, speak-
ere treatment is applied by radioactive waters ing.] The interjection of meaningless words in
I the inhalation of radium and other emana- the sentence when speaking.
is. embolomycotic (em"bo-lo-mi-kot'ik) [G. embolos, a
'sio men'sium [L.] Failure of the menstrual plug, + mykes, fungus.] Relating to or caused
iction to become established. by an infectious embolus.
ginate (e-mar'jin-at) [L. c, out, + margo, embolophasia (em"bol-o-fa'zI-ah) [G. embolos,
je.] Nicked, with interrupted or broken thrown in, + phasis, a saying.] Embololalia.
rgin.
, embolophTasia (em"bol-o-fra'zi-ah) [G. embolos,
Eula'tion. Castration.
thrown in, -f- phrasis, phrase.] Embololalia.
Im (em-bahm') [L. in, in, + balsamum, bal-
em'bolus [G. embolos, a. wedge or stopper.] i. A
a.] To treat a dead body with balsams or
plug, composed of a detached clot, mass of bac-
h antiseptic solution to preserve it from
teria or other foreign body, occluding a blood-
;ay.
vessel. 2. Nucleus emboliformis. air-e., a bubble
rras gastrique (on-bS-rah' gah-strek') [Fr. gas-
of air plugging a small vessel see air-embolism,*
; embarrassment.] A " bilious" attack, acute ;

bland e., a simple c, not, septic in character.

ligestion.
cell'ular e., an e. composed of a mass of cells trans-
d'. Imbed, to surround a pathological or
ported from disintegrating tissue, fat-e., an e.
tologicalspecimen with a firm but not hard
of oil or fatty matter, ob'turating e., an e. com-
dium, such as paraffin or wax, in order to
pletely closing the lumen of a vessel, oil-e.,
ke possible the cutting of thin sections for
fat-e. li'ding or stradd'Ung e., an embolus
sroscopical examination.
arrested at the point of bifurcation of an artery
slate. A
salt of embelic acid.
and blocking more or less completely both
'lia (B.A.). The dried fruit of Embelia ribes
branches of the vessel.
i E. robusta, small trees of India anthelmintic;

em'boly. Embole.
doses of 5 1-4 (4.0-16.0).
Uc acid (em-be'lik as'id). A yellow crystalline embrasure (em-bra'zhur) [an opening in a wall for
ffder, Ci8H2804, soluble in alcohol, obtained
cannon.] In dentistry denoting an opening that
m embelia the ammonium salt has been given
;
widens outwardly or inwardly; that part of the
a teniafuge in doses of gr. 3-6 (0.2-0.4) pre- interproximate space that spreads out toward the
labial, lingual, or buccal aspect.
ied and followed by castor oil.

ila'lia. Embololalia. embroca'tion [G. embroche, a fomentation.] i.

lie (em'bo-le) [G. emboli, insertion.] 1. An Liniment. 2. Fomentation, the application of a

eratiou for the reduction of a dislocation, a. liniment.
rmation of the gastrula by invagination. 3. embryectomy (em-bri-ek'to-ml) [G. embryon, em-
[arthrosis. bryo, -1- ektome, excision.] The operative re-

ile'mia, embolae'mia [G. embolos, a plug, + moval of the product of conception, especially in
ima, blood.] The presence of septic emboli in ectopic pregnancy.
; circulating blood, leading to the formation
embryo (em'bre-o, em'bri-o) [G. embryon.] i. A
pyemic abscesses. rudiment. 2. The rudimentary plant in the seed.
I'Ua. Embole. 3. The impregnated ovum during its early un-

il'ic. Relating to an embolus or to embolism. formed stages of development; in man the

il'iform [L. embolus + forma, form.] i. Like product of conception during the first three
embolus. 2. Wedge shaped; noting the months of intrauterine life.
cleus* emboliformis.
embryocardia (em"bri-o-kar'dJ-ah) [G. embryon,
ilism (em'bo-lizm) [G. embolisma, a piece or
embryo, -t- kardia, heart.] A disturbance in
tch.] Obstruction or occlusion of a vessel by a rhythm, in which the heart sounds resemble
.nsported clot or vegetation, a mass of bacteria,
those of the fetus, the first and second sounds be-
other foreign material, air e., the presence of
coming alike, the long pause being abbreviated;
it is present sometimes in cases of cardiac dilata-
bbles of air in the heart or vessels, most com-
tion, ju'gular e., auricular flutter.
inly ih the veins near the heart, the right auricle
;rium) or ventricle, or in the pulmonary capil-
embryoc'tony [G. embryon, embryo, fetus, + kteino,
I destroy.] Feticide, taking the life of the product
ies; usually the result of a wound of one of the
of conception any time before birth.
ge veins of the neck, bland e., simple, non-
embryogen'ic, embryogenet'ic [G. embryon, embryo,
rtic e. crossed e., paradoxical e. direct' e.,
gennao, I produce.] Producing an embryo;
occurring in the direction of the blood-current. -f-

globules in relating to the formation of an embryo.

:-e., the occurrence of fat or oil
pulmonary capillaries. embryogeny (em-bri-oj'en-I) [G. embryon, embryo,
i capillaries, usually the
in a -I- gennao, I
produce.] The origin and growth of
5-e., air-e. hematog'enous e., e. occurring
infec'tive e., pyemic e. lymph-e., the embryo.
)od-vessel.
embiyog'raphy [G. embryon, embryo, -I- grapko, I
nphog'enous e., e. occurring in a lyriiphatic
3Sel. mil'iary e., e. occurring simultaneously
write.] A treatise describing the formation and
development of the embryo.
a number of capillaries, mul'tiple c, (i) Embryonoid.
em'bryoid.
liary e.; (2) e. caused by the arrest of a num-
EMBRYOLOGIST 314 EMINENTIA

•embxyoFogist. One who makes a special study of emetol'ogy [G. emetos, nausea and vomiting, +
embryology. -hgia.] A branch of medicine dealing especially
embryol'ogy [G. embryon, embryo, + -logia.'] The with the nature and cause of vomiting, with
science of the origin and development of the remedies for vomiting, and with emetics.
animal organism from the ovum to the period of emetophobia (em"-S-to-fo'bii-ah) [G. emesis, vomit-
extrauterine or extraovular existence. ing, + phobos, fear.] Morbid dread of vomiting.
embryo'ma. A tumor developed from embryonal E.M.F. Abbreviation for electromotive force:
structures or from a blighted ovum. emic'tory [L.] Diuretic.
embryomorphous (em"bri-o-mor'fus) [G. embryon, emigra'tion [L. e, out, -t- migrare, to move.] The
embryo, + morplte, shape.] 1. Relating to the passage of white blood-cells through the endothe-
formation and structure of the embryo. 2. lium and walls of the small blood-vessels.
Noting structures or tissues in the body similar em'inence. Eminentia.
to those in the embryo, or embryonal rests.* eminen'tla (em-i-nen'shl-ah) [L. promine'nce; emin-
em'bryonal. Relating to an embryo. ere, to project.] Eminence, a circumscribed
em'bryonate. 1. Embryonal. 2. Impregnated. area raised above the general level of the sur-
embryon'ic. In the condition of an embryo, rudi- rounding surface, e. acus'tica, a prominence in
mentary. the floor of the fourth ventricle at the base of the
embryonifonn (em-bri-on'I-form) [G. embryon, em- trigonum vagi (ala cinerea) over which thenm
bryo, + L. jorma, form.] Embryonoid. striae acusticae. e. annula'ris, pons Varolii, e.

embryonization (em"bri-on i-za'shun). Reversion arcua'ta [BNA], arcuate eminence, a prominence

of a cell or a tissue to an embryonic form. on the superior (anterior) surface of the petrous
embryonoid (em'brt-o-noyd) [G. embryon, embryo, + portion of the temporal bone indicating the posi-
eidos, appearance.] Resembling an embryo or a tion of the superior semicircular canal, c.
fetus. articula'ris, tuberculum articulare of the tem-
embryoplas'tic [G. embryon, embryo, -I- plasso, I poral bone. e. car'pi radia'lis [BNA], a rather
form.] Relating to the formation of an embryo. large flat eminence on the radial (outer) side
em'bryoscope [G. embryon, embryo, + skoped, I of the front of the wrist, due to the tuberosity of
examine.] An instrument for extracting the scaphoid and the ridge on the trapezium, c.
embryos in hens eggs at different stages of devel-
' car'pi ulna'ris [BNA], an eminence, smaller than
opment, for the purpose of studying their develop- the radial, as the ulnar (inner) side of the front of
ment. the wrist, due to presence of the pisiform bone.
em"bryoto'cia [G. embryon, embryo, + tokos, child- e. coUatera'lis [BNA], collateral eminence, an
birth.] Abortion. elevation on the floor of the collateral trigone of
em'bryotome. Any instrument employed in em- the lateral ventricle of the brain, between the
bryotomy. hippocampus and the calcar avis, caused by the
embryotomy (em-bri-ot'o-ml) [G. embryon, embryo, proximity of the bottom of the mid-collateral
+ tome, cutting.] Any mutilating operation on fissure; called also the posterior collateral emi-
the fetus to make possible its removal when de- nence. The anterior collateral eminence is an
livery is impossible by natural means. elevation occasionally present on the floor of the
em"bryotox'on [embryo + G. ioxon, bow.] A horn of the lateral ventricle, caused by
inferior
narrow band of corneal opacity at the margin of the proximity of the anterior portion of the
the iris, similar in appearance to the arcus senilis, collateral fissure when this is present, e. con'-
sometimes seen in the newborn. chse [BNA], eminence of the concha, the prom-
embiyot'rophy [G. embryon, embryo, + trophS, inence on the cranial surface of the auricle cor-
nourishment.] The nutritiofi of the embryo. responding to the concha, e. crucia'ta [BNA],
embryulcia (em-bri-ul'si-ah) [G. embryoulkia, ex- cruciate eminence, a figure on the internal sur-
traction of the embryo.] The extraction of the face of the occipital bone formed by ridges run-
embryo or fetus from the uterus; instrumental ning forward and backward from the protuber-
abortion. ance and by the margins of the groove for the
embryul'cus. A hook-shaped instrument for use lateral sinus on either side; it divides the surface
in extracting the dead embryo or fetus retained of the bone into foiir fossae, a cerebral and a cere-
in the uterus, or in cases of abortion. bellar on each side. e. facia'lis, colliculus facia-
emed'uUate [L. e, from, + medulla, marrow.] To . lis, a thickening of the e. medialis above the med-

extract the marrow or pith of anything. ullary (acustic) striae in the floor of the fourth
emergency (e-mur'jen-si) [L. emergere, to rise up.] ventricle, marking the location of the genu of the
An unlooked-for contingency or happening; a facial nerve, e. fos'sse triangula'ris [BNA],
sudden demand for action. eminence of the triangular fossa, the prominence
emergent (e-mur'jent). 1. Arising suddenly and on the cranial surface of the auricle correspond-
unexpectedly and calling for quick judgment and ing to the fossa triangularis, e. fronta'lis, tuber
prompt action. 2. Coming out, leaving a cavity frontale [BNA]. e. gra'cilis, funiculus gracilis.
or other part. e. iliopectin'ea [BNA], iliopectineal eminence, a
em'erods. Hemorrhoids. rounded elevation on the inner surface of the
em'esis [G.] Vomiting. innominate bone at the junction of the ilium
emet'ic. 1. Relating to or causing vomiting, 2. and pubis, e. intercondyloid'ea [BNA], inter-
An agent which causes vomiting. condyloid eminence, spinous process of the
emeticol'ogy. Emetology. tibia; an elevation on the upper surface of the
em'etine. An alkaloid from ipecac, occurring as an shaft of the tibia between the two articular
amorphous white powder, slightly soluble in surfaces, e. latera'lis (i) the tubercle on the
water it is the emetic principle of the drug dose,
; ; cricoid cartilage articulating with the inferior
gr. I (o.oi). e. hydrochlor'ide, emetinae hydro- horn of the thyroid; (2) pes accessorius. c.
chloridum (U.S.); hypodermic dose, gr. J (0.02). media'lis [BNA], medial eminence, c. teres,
emetocathartic (em"6-to-ka-thar'tik). i. Both funiculus teres a small rounded elevation in the
; .

emetic and cathartic, a. An agent which causes fovea superior of the floor of the fourth ventricle,
vomiting and purging bounding the median groove on either side, and
EMINENTIA 31S EMPHYSEMA
marking the the fasciculus teres below.
site of the eye is normal, parallel rays, when the eye
e. tuber parietale [BNA]. e. pyra-
parieta'lis, is at rest, being focussed exactly on the retina.
midalis [BNA], pyramid of the tympanum, a em'odin. Acrystalline body, CnH4(CH5)(OH),02,
conical projection behind the fenestra ovalis in found in rhubarb, senna, cascara sagrada, aloes,
the tympanum; it is hollow and contains the and other purgative drugs, but itself having but
stapedius muscle, e. sca'phse [BNA], eminence little cathartic action.
of the scapha, the prominence on the cranial emollient (e-mol'yent) [L. emolliens; emollire, to
surface of the auricle corresponding to the soften.] i. Soothing to skin or mucous mem-

scapha e. sym'physis, the projecting central brane. 2. An agent which softens the skin or

portion of the chin. e. te'res, round eminence, soothes irritation in skin or mucous membrane.
e. medialis [BNA]. . e. triangula'ris, a prom- emo'tion [L. emovere, to agitate.] A strong feeling
inence on the posterior surface of the auricle or aroused mental state, directed toward a definite
corresponding to the fossa triangularis on the object and giving rise to some more or less evident
other side. physical expression.
emissarium (em'i'-sa'ri-um) [L. an outlet.] Emis- emo'tional. Relating to any of the emotions, e.
sary, an emissary vein. e. condyloid' eum att'itudes, passional* attitudes.
[BNA], connecting the transverse sinus and the emotiovascular (e-mo"shyo-vas'ku-lar) . Relat-
external vertebral venous plexuses, e. mas- ing to the vascular changes, such as pallor and
toid'eum [BNA], connecting the transverse blushing, caused by emotions of various kinds.
sinus with the occipital vein or one of the radicles em'pasm, empas'ma [G. empassd, I sprinkle on.] A
of the external jugular, e. occipita'le [BNA], an dusting powder.
inconstant vessel connecting the diploic or empathic (em-path'ik). Relating to or marked
occipital veins with theconfluens sinuum. e. by empathy, e. in'dez, the degree of empathy
parietale [BNA], connecting the superior experienced by one in respect of another person,
sagittal sinus with the extracranial veins. more particularly of a sufferer from some
em'issary [L emissarium, outlet.] One of the morbid mental or somatic condition.
channels of communication between the venous empathize (em'p^-thiz) To feel empathy in
.

sinuses of the dura mater and the veins of the relation to another person or thing; to enter
diploe and the scalp. into another's feelings, to put oneself in
emission (e-mish'un) [L. emissio; e, out, -t- mittere, another's place; to read or feel oneself into
to send.] A discharge; referring usually to a another person or thing.
seminal discharge occurring during sleep. empathy (em'p^-thi) [G. en{em) , in, -t- pathos, feel-
Emman'uel move'znent. A system of treatment of ing.] The reading or feeling oneself into another
functional nervous and psychic disorders by person, race, or thing; humanizing or anthropo-
means of suggestion and moral uplift, developed morphizing objects and feeling oneself as in and
and put into practice by clergymen of the Emman- part of them.
uel Episcopal Church in Boston, Mass. emphlysis (em'fli-sis) [G. en, in, +
phlysis, an
emmenagogic (em-en"a-goj'ik). Relating to or eruption. A vesicular eruption, such as pem-
acting as an emmenagogue. phigus.
emmenagogue (em-en'S-gog) [G. emm^nos, monthly, emphrac'tic. Relating to emphraxis, closing the
agogos, leading.]
-I- i. Promoting or increasing mouths of the coil glands in the skin.
the menstrual flow. 2. An agent which induces emphrax'is [G. a stoppage.] x.. A
clogging of the
or increases menstruation. mouths of the sweat-glands. 2. An impaction.
enune'nia [G. emmenos, monthly.] Catamenia, the emphysema (em-fi-se'mah) [G. en, in, -I- physema, a

menstrual flow. blowing.] 1. The presence of air in the interstices

emme'nic. Relating to the menses. of the connective tissue of a part. 2 Dilata-

.

einme"niop'athy [G. emmenios, monthly, -I- pathos, tion of the pulmonary air vesicles, usually through
suffering.] A disorder of menstruation. atrophy of the septa between the alveoli, atro-
eminenology (em-e-nol'o-jJ). The branch of medi- ph'ic e., substantive e. com'pensating or com-
cine which has to do especially with the physi- pen'satory e., increase in the air capacity of a por-
ology and pathology of menstruation. tion of the lung when another portion is consoli-
Emmerich's bacil'lus (em'er-ikh) [Rudolf Emmerich, dated or unable to perform its respiratoryf unction.
German bacteriologist, 1852-1914] Bacillus cuta'neous e., subcutaneous e. ectat'ic e., pul-
neapolitanus. monary e. in which the alveoli are dilated beyond
Emmerich -Scholl se'rum. An anticancer serum ob- their full normal capacity, yet without atrophy
of their walls and blood-vessels interlob'ular e.,
tained from the sheep inoculated with a culture of
streptococci previously passed through the rabbit. interstitial c. in the connective-tissue septa
between the pulmonary lobules, intersti'tial t.,
(i) the presence of air in the pulmonary tissues
consequent upon rupture of the air-cells; (2) the
presence of air or gas in the connective tissue.
medias'tinal e., accumulation of air in the cellular
Emmets Needlb. tissue of the mediastinum, pul'monary e.,
emphysema (2). se'nile e., substantive e. conse-
Em'met's meth'od [Thomas Addis Emmet, New quent upon the physiological atrophy of old age.
e., the presence of air or gas in the
York gynecologist, 1828-1919-] An operative subcuta'neous
procedure for the repair of lacerated perineum. subcutaneous connective tissues, sub'stantive e.,
increase in size of the pulmonary vesicles through
E.'s nee' die, a strong needle with the eye in the
point, having a wide curve, and set in a handle.
atrophy of their walls and breaking down of the
septa between adjacent air-cells, sur'gical e.,
E.'s operation, trachelorrhaphy.
subcutaneous e. following traumatism or a sur-
emm'etrope (em'e-trop). An emmetropic person,
gical operation, vesic'ular e., pulmonary e.,
one with normally refracting eyes.
emphysema (2), dilatation of the air-cells of the
emmetro'pia [G. emmetros, according to measure, -I-
of lungs.
dps, eye.] The condition in which the refraction
EMPHYSEMATOUS 316 EMPYOCELE

emphysem'atous. Relating to or affected with galbanum, and urpentine mixed with lead plaster;
emphysema. used as a stimulant application to enlarged tuber-
culous glands.
empiric, i. Empirical. 2. A charlatan, one who
e. ma'trU camphora'tum, camphorated mother
treats symptoms solely, knowing nothing of the
plaster, e. fuscum camphoratum.
nature of disease. 2. One of a school of ancient men'thol (Br.), menthol plaster, contains 15 per
e.
Greek physicians who contended that the practice cent, menthol, used as a counterirritant in neuralgia.
of medicine should be based wholly on experience e. mylab'ridfe (B.A.), mylabris plaster, prepared
and not on theory, like cantharidal plaster and used for the same purposes.
e. mylab'ridis calefa'ciens (B.A.), wanning mylabris
empirical (em-pir'i-kl) [G. empeirikos; empeiria, ex-
plaster, employed like e, calef ciens (Br.).
perience.] I. Founded on experience. •^. Re-
e. o'pii (Br.) opium plaster, made of powdered opium
,

lating to an empiric.
10 per cent.; employed to relieve superficial pain.
empiricism. 1. A
looking to experience as a guide e. pi'cis (Br.), pitch plaster, composed of Burgundy
to practice or to the therapeutic use of any pitch 26, frankincense 13, resin and yellow wax each
remedy. 2. Quackery, charlatanism. 4^^, olive oil and distilled water each 2; a mild counter-

emplas'tic [G. emplastikos, clogging.] 1. Adhesive, irritant.

used as a plaster. 2. Constipating. cantharida'tum, warming plaster; canthar-

e. pi'cis

emplas'txtimy gen. emplas'tri; pi. emplas'tra [L.]

ides cerate 80,Burgundy pitch 920.
compos'itum, compound tar plaster;
e. pi'cis liq'uidse
Plaster; a solid preparation of such consistency podophyllum, ph3^olacca, and sanguinaria each 1, tar
that, when applied to the body, it does not run 4, rosin S; counterirritant.
but softens sufficiently to be adhesive; plasters e. plum'bi (U.S. and Br.), lead, litharge, or diach-
are used to protect raw surfaces and wounds, to ylon plaster, made by mixing solutions of lead
keep the edges of a cut in apposition, to produce acetate and soap; applied to varicose ulcers and as a
irritation or blistering of the skin, and some- protective.
e. plum'bi carbona'tis, e. cerussae.
times to apply drugs with the expectation of
e. pkim'bi iod'idi (Br.), lead iodide plaster, made of
absorption.
lead iodide and resin of each s, and lead plaster 16;
employed as an application to chronic inflammatory
e. adhsesi'vum, adhesive plaster, made of rubber and
indurations.
petrolatum, of each 20, and lead plaster 960; the adhe-
e. resi'nse (U.S.), rosin plaster, adhesive plaster; lead
sive plaster of the B.P, contains rosin and soap.
plaster 800, with an admixture of rosin 140, and yellow
e. al'bum coc'tum, e. cerussse.
wax 60.
e. ammoni'aci cum hydrar'gyro (Br.), ammoniac
ro'borans, e. fern.
e.
plaster with mercury, prepared by mixing, with tri-
sapo'nis (N.F. and Br.), soap plaster; made of soap
e.
turation, ammoniac is ounces, mercury 3 ounces,
ID, mixed with lead plaster go (N.F,), or soap 6, resin
olive oil s6 grains, sublimed sulphur 8 grains; al-
I, and lead plaster 3 (Br.); employed as a discutient
terative and irritant, applied to syphilitic joints and
and protective.
g^nds.
e. sina'pis (U.S.), mustard plaster, formerly officially
e. aromat'icum, aromatic plaster, spice plaster;
called charta sinapis; powdered black mustard mixed
cloves, cinnamon, and ginger, each 10, capsicum and
with a solution of rubber and spread on cloth or paper.
camphor, each 5, cotton-seed oil 35, lead plaster as;
counterirritant and rubefacient. This preparation, emprosthot'onos [G. emprosihen, forward, -F tonos
I ormerly in the N.F. is now replaced by the pulvis tension.] A tetanic contraction of the flexor
aromaticus rubefaciens made into a poultice by moisten- muscles, curving the back with concavity forward.
i ng with hot diluted alcohol or vinegar.
emptysis (emp'ti-sis) [G. a spitting.] Hemoptysis.
e« belladon'nse (U.S. and Br.), belladonna plaster;
Exnpu'sa [G. Empousa, a polymorphous hobgoblin
made of extract of belladonna leaves 300, adhesive
plaster 700 (U.S.); or of liquid extract of belladonna
in Grecian mythology.] A genus of microscopic
4 fluidounces evaporated to i ounce, resin plaster 5
fungi parasitic on insects, and often fatal to
ounces (Br.); applied in neuralgia and rheumatism, them. Flies attacked by E. mus'ccB are often
palpitation of the heart, and beginning inflammation seen dead, surrounded by a white ring of this
of the testes and mammEe. fiingus.
e. calefa'ciens (Br.), warming plaster, made ofcan- empyema (em-pi-e'mah) [G empyema, suppiu-ation.]
tharides, yellow wax, and rosin, each 4 ounces, soap
The presence of pus in any cavity; noting, when
plaster 2 pounds, resin plaster 3^ pounds; employed
as a counterirritant.
employed without qualification, an accumulation
e. canthar'idis (U.S.), cantharides cerate spread upon
of pus in the pleural cavity, pyothorax. e, be-
rosin plaster, muslin, or paper, each square centimeter nig'num, latent e., chronic purulent sinusitis or
containing i Gm. of cantharides cerate.
.
pyothorax with mild or no constitutional symp-
e. cap'sici (U.S.). capsicum plaster, made by painting toms, e. necessita'tis, a form of e. of the chest in
oleoresin of capsicum on adhesive plaster; counter- which the pus burrows to the outside, producing
irritant.
a Subcutaneous abscess which finally ruptures,
e. cerus'SE^r white lead plaster, made of lead carbo-
resulting .in spontaneous recovery without the
nate 7, olive oil 2, lead plaster 12; soothing appli-
cation to bums and other forms of dermatitis.
necessity of operation, e. of the chest, pyothorax,

e. elas'ticum (U.S.). rubber adhesive plaster, form- pus in the pleural cavity, e. of the pericor'dium,
erly official as e. adha2sivum; a mixture of rubber, resin, purulent pericarditis, pyopericardium. la'tent e.,
wax, and starch or orris root, spread on cloth. the presence of pus in a cavity, especially one of
e. fer'ri, e. roborans, strengthening plaster; ferric the accessory sinuses, unattended with subjective
oxide 90, olive oil so, Burgundy pitch 140, lead plaster symptoms, loc'ulated e., a condition in which
720.
numerous pleural adhesions have formed pockets
e. fus'cum camphora'ttim (N.F. and P.G.)i cam-
phorated bro\;n plaster, camphorated mother plaster; in which pus collects, pul'sating e., a large, tense
red oxido of lead 30, olive oil 60, yellow wax 15, collection of pus in the pleural cavity through
camphor 1; employed for the same purpose as lead which the heart movements are transmitted to the
plaster. chest wall.
e. hydrar'gyri (Br.), mercurial plaster, made of mer- empyemic (em-pi-e'mik). Relating to empyema.
cury 3 ounces, sulphur 8 grains, and olive oil 56 grains, empyesis (em-pi-e'sis) [G. suppuration.] A pustu-
titrated together, and when the mercury is no longer
lar eruption, such as that of smallpox.
visible it is mixed with 6 ounces of liquefied lead
plaster; applied in the treatment of syphiUdes. empyocele (em'pi-o-sSl) [G. en, in, + pyon, pus, 4-
e. lithar'gyri compos'itum, compound lead plaster, kelSt tumor.] A suppurating hydrocele; a collec-
compound galbanum plaster, contains amnnoniac. tion of pus in the scrotum.
 ;

EMPYREUMA 317 ENANTHEM

empyreuma (em-pi-ru'mah) [G. a banked fire.] The calcium lactophosphate; each dose of 5i (16.0)
disagreeable odor of organic substances when contains calcium lactate gr. 7^ (0.5) and phosphoric
subjected to destructive distillation. acid gr. s (0.3) in 50 per cent, flavored emulsion of
empy'rofonn. Trade name of a product made by cod-liver oil; alterative and nutrient.

boiling birch tar with a solution of formaldehyde

e. o'lei mor'rhuee cum cal'cii phospha'te (fos-fa'te)
(N.F.), emulsion of cod-liver oil with calcium phos-
and pouring the hot liquid into hydrochloric acid phate; each dose of Bi (16.0) contains gr. 7i (0.5)
occurs as a grayish-brown powder, employed of the salt in a so per cent, flavored emulsion of cod-
externally as an antipruritic and sedative. liver oil; alterative and nutrient.
Ems, Germany. Alkaline-saline-chalybeate-carbon- e. o'lei mor'rhuee cum mal'to (N.F.), emulsion of

ated waters, 70° F. to 130° F. Various springs. cod-liver oil with extract of malt; each dose of Bi
Used for drinking and bathing in gout, catarrhal (16.0) contains 5iJ C6.0) of extract of malt in a so per
cent, emulsion of cod-liver oil made with mucilage of
conditions of the nose, pharynx, larynx, and
dextrin; nutritive and tonic.
bronchi, dyspepsia, asthma, general debility, e. o'lei mor'rhuse cum hypophosphi'tibus (N.P.),
chronic albuminuria, cystitis, urinary calculi, emulsion of cod-liver oil with hypophosphites, contains
hepatic disorders, chronic diarrhea, chronic joint calcium hypophosphite 10, potassium and sodium hy-
affections, and diseases of women. May i to pophosphites each s, in 1000; dose, 3i-4 (4-o-i6.o).
October i. e. o'lei mor'rhuse cum pni'no virginia'na (N.F.),

emul'gent [L. emulgere, to draw out.] i. Draining emulsion of cod -liver oil with wild cherry; each dose
of 5i (16.0) contains fluidextract of wild cherry,
out, extracting; noting especially the renal blood-
njJiS (l.o), in a so per cent, flavored emulsion of cod-
vessels as if extracting the urine from the blood. liver oil; recommended in phthisis and chronic
emul'sifier. An agent, such as gum arabic or the bronchitis with troublesome cough.
yolk of an egg, used to make an emulsion of a e, o'lei mor'rhuse cum vitel'lo (N.P.), emulsion of
fixed oil. cod-liver oil with egg; cod-liver oil soo, glycerite of
emul'sify. To make in the form of an emulsion. yolk of egg 17s, syrup of tolu 100, flavoring and water
to make 1000, dose, 34 (iS.o).
emul'sin [L. emulgere, to drain out.] An albuminous
e. o'lei ric'ini (ris'in-i) (N.F.), emulsion of castor
ferment in almonds, converting amygdalin into
oil; a 33^ per cent, emulsion flavored with syrup and
hydrocyanic acid and a volatile oil. vanilla; purgative in dose of 3ii (48.0).
emul'sio, gen. emulsio'nis, pi. emulsio'nes [L.] e. o'lei terebin'thinse (U.S.), emulsion of oil of
Emulsion, emulsum.* turpentine, contains 15 per cent, rectifled oil of tur-
emulsion (e-mul'shvm). The suspension of a fatty pentine; anthelmintic in doses of 3 1-4 (4.0-is.o).
e. o'lei terebin'thins for'tior, stronger emulsion
or resinous substance, divided into very fine par-
of oil of turpentine, Forbes' emulsion of oil of turpen-
ticles, in a thin or watery fluid; it may occur
tine; a so per cent, emulsion of oil of turpentine made
naturally as in milk, or be produced artificially
by means of powdered acacia; dose, ITR30 (2.0).
by agitation of a fat or resinous substance in a emulsion of petrolatum; a 2S per
e. petrola'ti (N.P.),
mucilaginous solution. See also emulsum. bac'- cent, emulsion of expressed oil of almond with s per
under tuberculin.
illary e., see cent, of white petrolatum, flavored with syrup
emulsive, Noting a substance which can be
i. and tincture of lemon peel; employed as an intestinal
made into an emulsion. 2. Noting a substance, lubricant.
e. phosphat'icum, phosphatic emulsion, phosphatic
such as a mucilage, by which a fat or resin can be
mixture; each dose of 5 J (16.0) contains diluted phos-
emiilsified. 3. Making soft or pliant. 4. Afford- phoric acid 11EI2 (0.8) and Jamaica rum 3r (4.0) in a
ing a fixed oil on pressure. 2S per cent, flavored emulsion of cod-liver oil; nutrient.
emulsoid (e-mul'soyd) [emulsion + G. eidos, re-
semblance. Emulsion colloid; a colloidal dis- emunc'toiy [L. emungere, to blow the nose.] i.
persion in which the disperse particles are more Causing the removal of an excretion or other
or less liquid and exert a certain attraction on discharge. 2. An excretory duct.
and absorb a certain quantity of the fiuid in emunda'tion [L. emundare, to clean out.] i. Clean-
which they are suspended. ing, disinfection. 2. Rectification, purification,
emul'sum, gen. emuVsi, pi. emul'sa [L. emulsus; especially of crude drugs.
emulgere, to milk out.] A
liquid preparation in enamel (i-nam'el). The hard glistening sub-
which an oil or resin is suspended in water by stance covering the crown of a tooth, substantia*
means of a mucilaginous admixture. adamantina. curled e., an e. in which the
rods, or columns, are twisted, bent, and inter-
e, amyg'dalfiB (U.S.) emulsion of almond, mistur, twined, c
cap, the enamel covering of the
amygdalse (Br.), sweet almond 60, acacia 10, sugar 30 crown of a tooth, e. cell, ameloblast, adaman-
water to make 1000; used as a demulcent and as a toblast, one of the epithelial cells lining the
vehicle. concavity of an c. germ. e. col'umn, one of a
e. asafcefidse (U.S.), emulsion of asafetida, mixtura
number of minute, parallel, hexagonal rods,
asafcetids, lac asafcetidse, milk of asafetida, contains
running from the dentine to the surface of the
4 per cent, of asafetida; employed as an enema in
meteorism, and also used in hysteria in doses of 3 2-8
enamel, e. cu'ticle, Nasmyth's membrane,
(8.0-313.0). an extremely thin membrane covering the
e. chlorofoim'i, emulsion of chloroform, mistura enamel, o. fi'ber, e. column, e. germ, em-
chloroformi, made with chloroform 40, expressed oil of bryonal e. organ, one of a series of knob-like pro-
almond 60, tragacanth 10, water to make 1000; em- jectiotts from the under surface of the dental
ployed as an antispasmodic and in the treatment of lamina, later becoming bell-shaped and receiving
various nervous conditions in doses of 34-8 (iS .0-30.0).
in its hollow the papilla Mentis, e. groove,
e. o'lei mor'rhuse (U.S.), emulsion of cod-liver oil,
dental* groove, e. ledge, dental shelf . e. mem'-
made by mixing cod-liver oil 500, acacia 125, syrup
100, oil of wintergreen 4, in water to make 1000; dose, brane, the internal layer of the e. organ formed
3i-4 (4.0-15.0). by the e. cells, e. or'gan, e. germ, the cap of
e. o'lei mor'rhute cum cal'cii et so'dil phosphat'ibus, enamel covering the dentine of the developing
emulsion of cod-liver oil with calcium and sodium phos- tooth, e. prism, c. column, c. pulp, a layer
phates; each dose of 5i (16.0) contains gr. 3 (0.2) of of stellate cells in the enamel organ, e. rod,
each of these salts in a so per cent, flavored emulsion
e. column.
of cod-liver oil; alterative and nutrient.
enanthem, enanthema, pi. enanthem'ata (en'an-
e. o'lei mor'rhuae cum cal'cii lactophospha'te (lak-
to-fos-fa'te) (N.P.), emulsion of cod-liver oil with them, en-an-the'mah) [G. en, in, + anthema, an
 ENANTHEM 318 ENCEPHALOMALACIA

efflorescence.] A
mucous-membrane eruption, encapsula'tion [L. in, in, -I- capsula, capsule.]
especially one occurring in connection with one Enclosure in a capsule or sheath.
of the exanthemata. encarditis (en-kar-di'(de')tis). Endocarditis.
enanthem'atous. Relating to an enanthem. encatarrhaphy (en-kat-ar'rS-fl) [G. enkatarrhapW, I
'
enanthe'sis [G. en, in, + anthesis, blossom.] The sew in.] The artificial implantation of an organ
skin eruption of a general disease, such as scarla- or tissue in a part where it does not naturally
tina or typhoid fever. occur.
enanthrope (en'an-throp) [G. en, in, anthrdpos, + enceinte (on-sanf) [Fr.] Pregnant.
man.] Adisease originating within the organ- encelitis, enceliitis (en-se-li'(le')tis, en-se-Ie-i'(e')tis)
ism, an autoinfection. [G, en, in, -t- koilia, belly.] Infiammation of any
enantiobiosis (en-an-tl-o-bi-o'sis) [G. enantios, op- of the abdominal viscera.
posite, -I- bios, life, -I- -osis.] Existence, in the encephalal'gia [G. enkephalos, brain, + algos,
same medium, of organisms which mutually re- pain.] Cephalalgia, headache.
strict each other's development. enceph"alasthe'nia [G. enkephalos, brain, -I- asthe-
enantiomor'phic, enantiomor'phous. Characterized neia, weakness.] Psychasthenia, brain-tire.
by enantiomorphism of similar but contrasted
: encephalatroph'ic. Relating to encephalatrophy.
form, as the right and left hands. encephalat'rophy [G. enkephalos, brain, -I- a- priv.
enantiomorphism (en-an-ti-o-mor'fizm) [G. enantios, -I- trophe, nourishment.] Atrophy of the
opposite, + morphe, form.] The relation of two brain.
objects similar in form, but not superposable, as encephalauze (en-sef-al-awk'se) [G. enkephalos,
the two hands, or an object and its mirror-image. brain, + auxe, increase.] Hypertrophy of the
enantiopath'ia. Enantiopathy. brain.
enantiopath'ic. i. Mutually antagonistic or anti- encephale'mia, encephals'mia [G. enkephalos,
dotal, referring to morbid states. 2. Allopathic. brain, +
haima, blood.] Congestion of the brain.
enantiop'athy [G. enantios, opposite, + pathos, encephal'ic. Relating to the brain, or to the struc-
suffering.] i. Antipathy, antidotal treatment, a tures within the cranium.
method of treatment which consists in giving a encephalit'lc. Relating to inflammation of the
remedy the physiological action of which is to brain.
produce symptoms which are the direct opposites encephalitis (en-sef-al-i'(e')tis) [G. enkephalos,
of those of the disease in question. 2. Mutual brain, +
-itis.\ Inflammation of the brain.
antagonism of two morbid states. e. cortical'is, a chronicinvolving the cortex
e.
enantiothamnosis (en-an"ti[-o-tham-no'sis). A only, due usually, not
always, to arte-
if

condition marked by the occurrence of variously riosclerosis, e. epidem'ica, c. lethargica, in-

sized nodules, having a central opening giving fluenzal e., nona. e. hsemorrhag'ica, Struempell
exit to pus, due to infection by a fungus Enantio- type, Leichtenstem type, e. of apoplectiform
Ihamnus brauUi. character due to blood extravasation, e.
enarthro'dial. Relating to an enarthrosis. e. hyperplas'tica, Hayem type of acute non-
joint, a ball-and-socket joint. suppurating e. e. lethar'gica, nona, a form
enarthro'sis [G. en, in, + arthrosis, joint.] Ball- occurring epidemically, often apparently in
and-socket a spherical joint in which a
joint, association with influenza, marked by apathy,
more or less extensive sphere on the head of one somnolence, diplopia, and extreme muscular
bone fits into a rounded cavity on the other bone, weakness, e. neonato'rum, encephalitis of the
as in the hip-joint. newborn, described by Virchow as marked by
the presence of numbers of fat-laden cells in the
brain, e. pyogen'ica, suppurative or purulent
c, a form marked by the occurrence of numerous
miliary abscesses and minute blood extravasa-
tions in the brain substance, e. subcortical'is,
a chronic form affecting chiefly the subcortical
structure, associated with arteriosclerosis, in-
fiuen'zal e., e. lethargica.
encephalocele (en-sef'al-o-sel) [G. enkephalos, brain,
-I- kele, tumor.] Protrusion of brain substance
through a cleft in the skull.
encephalocoele (en-sef"al-o-sele) [G. enkephalos,
brain, -I- koilos, hollow.] 1. The cranial cavity.
2. The cerebral ventricles taken collectively.
enceph"alodiarysis [G. enkephalos, brain, + dia,
through, -I- lysis, loosening.] Softening of the
brain.
enceph'aloid [G. enkephalos, brain, eidos, resem- +
blance.] Resembling brain substance; noting
a form of carcinoma of brain-like consistence.
enceph'alolith [G. enkephalos, brain, + lithos, stone.]
A concretion in the brain or one of its ventricles,
cerebral calculus.
The Hip-joint, a Typical Enarthrosis, or Ball-and encephalol'ogy [G. enkephalos, brain, -)- -hgia.l
SOCKET Joint; The dotted lines and tne pin indicaet
the principal axes of motion. Cerebrology; the branch of medicine dealing
with the brain in all its relations.
encan'thls [G. en, in, -|- kanthos, canthus.] A encephalo'ma. i. A tumor of brain substance,
minute tumor or excrescence at the inner angle encephalocele. j. An encephaloid carcinoma.
of the eye. enceph"alomala'cia [G. enkephalos, brain, + mala-
encapsuled (en-kap'sQld). Inclosed in a sheath or kia, softness.] Softening of the brain, encephalo-
capsule. dialysis.
 ,

ENCEPHALOMEIS 319 ENDEMIC

encephalomeningitis (en-sef "al-o-men-in- ji' (je')tis) [G. en, in,+ chondros, cartilage, -oma.] +Chon-
[G. enkephalos, brain, + meninx, membrane, H- droma proper, a cartilaginous growth occurring
-itis.] Meningoencephalitis, inflammation of the in parts, such as the glands, lungs, bones, etc.,
brain and its membranes. where cartilage does not normally exist,
encephalomeningocele (en-se£"al-o-nS-nin'go-sel) [G. enchondromatous (en-kon-dro'ma-tus). Relating
enkephalos, brain, 4- menmx(mening-'), membrane, to or having the elements of enchondroma.
+ kele, hernia.] Protrusion of brain substance, enchondrosarcoma (en-kon-dro-sar-ko'ma), A
covered with the membranes, through a defect mixed enchondroma and sarcoma.
in the skull. enchondrosis (en-kon-dro'sis) [G. en, in, + chondros,
encephalomere (en-sef-al-o-mer) [G. enkephalos, cartilage, + -osis.J An homologous cartilaginous
brain, + meros, a part.] One of the embryonal tumor.
segments composing the primitive brain. enchylema (en-ki-le'ma) [G. en, in, + chylos, juice.]
encephalom'eter [G. enkephalos, brain, + metron, The semifluid, nearly transparent, and homo-
measure.] An apparatus for indicating on the geneous matter forming the cell sap, or nuclear
skull the location of the cortical centers. sap, supported by the linin network and constitut-
encephalomyelic (en-sef"al-o-my-el'ik) [G. en- ing with it the cytoplasm or nucleoplasm.
kephalos, brain, + myelon, marrow.] Relating to enchyma (en'ki-mah) [G. an infusion.] The form
both brain and spinal cord, cerebrospinal, en- ative and reparative fluid of the cells and tissues,
cephalorrhachidian. elaborated from the chyme.
encephalomyelitis (en-sef-al-o-mi-el-i'(e')tis) [G. en- enchymatous (en-ki'mS-tus). 1. Relating to the
kephalos, brain, + myelon, marrow, + 'itis.] enchyma,. 2. Distended with secretion, noting,

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. the functioning gland-cells.

enceph'alomyelop'athy [G. enkephalos, brain, + enclave (on-klav') [Fr.] An enclosure, a detached
myelon, marrow, + pathos, suffering.] Any mass of tissue enclosed in tissue of another kind;
disease of both brain and spinal cord. seen especially in the case of isolated masses of
enceph'alon [G. enkephalos, brain.] The brain, that gland tissue detached from the main gland.
portion of the cerebrospinal axis contained within enclit'ic [G enklitikos, leaning on.] Inclined, noting
the cranium; it comprises the cerebrum, cere- especially the relation of the planes of the fetal
bellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. head to those of the pelvis of the mother.
encephalopath'ia, encephalop'athy [G. enkephalos, encolpitis (en-kol-pi'(pe')tis). Endocolpitis.
brain, + pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the encra'nial. Endocranial.
brain, e. addiso'nia, apathy, somnolence, or encra'nius [G. en, in, + kranion, skull.] form of A
rarely psychic irritative symptoms, occurring in fetal inclusion in which the parasitic monster lies
the course of Addison's disease, thought to be partly or wholly within the cranial cavity of the
dependent upon a diffuse encephalitis in the autosite.
frontal region, lead e., epileptoid convulsions, encys'ted. Encapsuled, surrounded by a closed
delirium, hallucinations, and other cerebral membrane.
symptoms due to chronic lead poisoning. encyst'ment. i. The condition of being encysted.
enceph"alonarco'sis [G. enkephilos, brain, + 2.A becoming encysted.
narke, stupor.] Stupor or coma from brain endadel'phus [G. en, in, + adelphos, brother.] A
disease. double monster in which the parasite is within
enceph"alophy'ma [G. enkephalos, brain, + phyma, the body of the autosite.
growth.] An intracranial tumor; a brain-tumor. endangeitis, endangitis (end-an-je-i'(e')tis, end-an-
encephalopyosis (en-sef'al-o-pi-o'sis) [G. enkephalos, ji'(je')tis) [G. endon, within, •\- angeion, vessel,

brain, + pyosis, suppuration.] Purulent inflam- -H -itis^ Inflammation of the intima or inner
mation of the brain. coat of a blood-vessel.
encephalorrhachidian (en-sef"al-o-rak-id'I-an) [G. endan'gium [G. endon, within, H- angeion, a vessel.]
enkephalos, brain, -f rhachis, spine.] Encephalo- The intima or inner coat of a blood-vessel.
myelic, cerebrospinal. endaortitis (end-a-or-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of
enceph"alorrha'gia [G. enkephalos, brain, +
-rhagia.] the intima, or inner coat, of the aorta.
Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy. endarte'rial [G. endon, within.] Within an artery;
enceph"alo6Clero'sis [G. enkephalos, brain, -1- relating to the intima of an artery.
sklerosis, hardening.] A sclerosis, or hardening, endarteritis (end-ar-te-ri'(re')tis) [G. endon, within,
-f- arteria
-^ -itis^ Inflammation of the inner coat
of the brain.
enceph'sloscope [G. enkephalos, brain, + skoped, I of an artery, e. defor'mans, e. with atheroma-
view.] An instrument shaped like an ear tous patches and calcareous deposits, e. oblit'-
speculiim, though larger, with a removable erans, obliterating e., an extreme degree of c.
obturator; employed in examining the interior proliferans closing the lumen of the artery, e.

of a brain abscess or other cavity through an prolif' erans, chronic e. accompanied by a marked

opening in the skull. increase of fibrous tissue in the intima.

encephalos'copy. Examination of the brain or the endarte'rium. The intima, or inner coat, of an
'

cavity of a cerebral abscess by direct inspection. artery.

enceph"alosep'sis [G. enkephalos, brain, sepsis,+ end' -body. Complement.
decay.] Septic inflammation of the brain. end-brain. Telencephalon.
encephalo'sis. Any organic disease of the brain. end-brush. Telodendrion.
encephalospi'nal. Cerebrospinal. end-bulb. Corpusculum bulboideum, a tactile
encephalothlipsis (en-sef"al-o-thlip'sis) [G. enkepha- corpuscle in the shape of a minute ovoid body in
los, brain, -\- Ihlipsis, pressure.] Compression of which a nerve-fibril terminates,
the brain. ende'mia. An endemic disease.
enceph'alotome. An instrument for use in perform- ende'mial. Endemic (i).
ing encephalotomy. endem'ic [G. en, in, -i- demos, the people.] 1.
encephalot'omy [G. enkephalos, brain, + tome, Present in a community, noting specifically a
incision.] Dissection of the brain. disease which prevails more or less continuously
in a given region. 2. The constant prevalence
enchondroma, pi. enchondro'mata (en-kon-dro'mah)
 ;

ENDEMIC 320 ENDOCRANITIS

of a disease in a community, as distinguished limitedmore or less strictly to the mucous mem-

from an epidemic. brane of the vermiform appendix.
endemoepidemic (en-dem"o-ep-I-dem.'ik). Noting a endoarteritis (en"do-ar-ter-i' (e')tis.) Endarteritis.
temporary large increase in the ntunber of cases endoauscultation (en"do-aws-kul-ta'shun). Auscul-
of an endemic disease. tation of the thoracic organs, especially the
endepidermis (end-ep-I-dur'mis) [G. endon, within, heart, by means of a stethoscopic tube passed into
+ epi, upon, + derma, skin.] The inner layer the esophagus.'
of the epidermis, or stratum germinativum. en'doblast [G. endon, within, + blastos, germ,]
endermic, endermatic (en-dur'mik, en-dur-mat'ik) Hypoblast, endoderm, the inner layer of the
[G. en, in, + derma(dermai-), skin.] In or through blastoderm.
the skin, noting a form of medication, as by endoblas'tic. Relating to the endoblast, hypoblastic.
inunction, in which a remedy is applied to the sur- endobronchitis (en"do-brong-ki'(ke')tis). Simple ca-
face of the skin and is absorbed, exerting thus its tarrhal bronchitis.
constitutional effects. endocaT'diac, endocar'dial [G. endon, within^ -t-
endermism (en-dur'mizm). Endermic medication. Aordia, heart.] i. Within the heart, intracordial.

ender'mol. 1. Nicotine occurring in

salicylate, 2. Relating to the endocardium.

white crystals, employed externally in pruritic endocardit'ic. Relating to endocarditis.

affections in o.i per cent, ointment, a. An endocarditis (en"do-kar-di'(de')tis) [G. endon, within,
ointment base composed of stearic-acid amide -I- kardia, heart, + -itis.l Inflammation of the
and various hydrocarbons of the paraffin series. endocardium, or lining membrane of the heart.
endermosis (en-dur-mo'sis). Any eruptive disease It may involve only the membrane covering the
of the mucous membrane. valves, valvular e., or the general lining of the
enderon (en'der-on) [G. en, in, + deros, skin.] chambers of the heart, mural v. e. len'ta [L.
The corium; the subepithelial layer of mucous lentus, slow, calm], a mild form of e., often asso-
membrane. ciated with the presence of Streptococcus viri-
enderon'ic. Relating to the enderon. dans. infec'tious e., infec'tive e., malignant e.
end'gut. Hindgut, the large intestine and malig'nant e., a form of e., usually secondary to
rectum. suppurative inflammation elsewhere, accom-
end-lobe. The occipital lobe of the brain. panied by ulceration or vegetations on the
endo- [G. endon, within.] A
prefix denoting inner valves, mu'ral e., inflammation of the endo-
or within. cardium not confined to the valve segments.
En'do's me'dium [S. Endo, Japanese physician, pol'ypous c, malignant e. with the formation
contemporary.] A culture medium of nutrient of pedunculated masses of fibrin, or thrombi,
agar with the addition of 10 per cent, soda solu- attached to the ulcerated valves, septic e.,
tion, milk sugar, alcohol-fuchsin solution, and malignant e. val'vular e., inflammation con-
10 per cent, sodium sulphite solution; the colon fined to the endocardium of the valve seg-
bacillus on this medium gives intensely red ments, veg'etative e., e. associated with the
colonies, the typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli presence of fibrinous clots forming on the ulcer-
colorless colonies. ated surfaces of the valves, verr'ucous e., vege-
en"doabdoin'inal. Within the abdomen. tative e.
endoaneurysmorrhaphy (en"do-an-u-riz -mor'4-fl) endocar'dium [G endon, within, +
kardia, heart.]
[G. endon, within, aneurysma, aneurysm, + raphe, [BNA]. The serous lining of the cavities of the
stitching.] The Matas operation for the cure of heart.
aneurysm. There are three forms of operation: en'docarp [G. endon, within, + karpos, fruit.] The
(i) obliterative, (2) restorative, and (3) recon- indurated, membranous, or fleshy inner portion
structive. The first is applicable to fusiform of the pericarp of a drupe, enclosing the' seed.
aneurysms in which there are two or more endoceliac, endocoeliac (en-do-se'11-ak) [G. endon,
orifices of supply and in which the parent artery within, +
koilia, cavity, ventricle.] Within one
is lost at the seat of aneurysm; in this case the of the body cavities; intracelial,
openings into the sac are closed and the sac endocervical (en-do-sur'vi-kl) [G. endon, within, +
itself is folded together and sutured so as to L. cervix, neck.] Endotrachelous, endotrachelic,
secure union of the endothelial surfaces. The intracervical within any cervix, specifically
;

second is used in the case of a sacciform aneurysm within the cervix uteri.
here the opening into the sac is closed by sutures endocervicitis (en"do-ser-vI-si'(se')tis). Endotrache-
without destroying the lumen of the artery, and litis, inflammation of the mucous membrane of

the sac is then plicated and sutured so as to secure the cervix uteri.
its obliteration. The third operation is appli- endochondral (en-do-kon'dral) [G. endon, within, +
cable in the case of simple, fusiform dilatation of chondros, cartilage.] Within a cartilage or
an artery; in this case a catheter is passed into cartilaginous tissue.
the two openings and the lumen of the artery is endochorion (en-do-ko'il-on). The vascular layer
reconstructed by suturing the sac aroimd the of the allantois on the inner surface of the chorion.
catheter, the latter being withdrawn before the endocolitis (en-do-ko-li'(le')tis) [G. endon, within, +
tying of the last sutures. kolon, colon, -I- -itis.\ Simple catarrhal inflam-
endoangiitis (en-do-an-jl-i'(e')tis) [G. endon, within, mation of the colon.
-{- angeion, vessel, + -itis.] Inflammation of the endocolpitis (en-do-kol-pi'(pe')tis) [G. endon, within,
intima of a blood-vessel, endoarteritis, endo- -I- kolpos, sinus (vagina), +
-itis.] Inflamma-
phlebitis. tion of the vaginal mucous membrane.
endoantitox'in. An antibody contained within a endocom'plement. A complement present within
celland normally not given up to the surround- the red blood-corpuscle which may combine with
ing plasma during the life of the microorganism. a free amboceptor to effect hemolysis.
endo-aortitis (en"do-a-or-ti'(te')tis). Endaortitis, endocra'nial [G. endon, within, -H kranion, cranium.]
inflammation of the intima of the aorta. I. Within the cranium. 2. Relating to the endo-
endoappendicitls (en"do-ap-en-dI-si'(se')tis). Sim- cranium, or dura mater of the brain.
ple or catarrhal appendicitis, inflammation endocranitis (en-do-kra-ni'(ne')tis). Inflammation
ENDOCRANITIS 321 ENDOPERIMYOCARDITIS
of the endocranium, or dura mater of the brain; a globular body, specifically within a blood-
cerebral pachymeningitis. corpuscle, e. bod'y, nucleoid.
endocra'nimn [G. endon, within, +
kranion, endognathion (en-dog-nath'i-on) [G. endo, within,
cranium.] The lining membrane of the cranium, -I- gnathos, jaw.] The inner of the two segments
or dura mater of the brain. constituting the incisive bone; seemesogna hion.
en'docrine [G. endon, within, +
krino, I separate.] endogonid'ium. A gonidium formed within a
1. The internal secretion of a gland. 2. Noting receptacle or cell, as in the yeast-plant.
a gland which furnishes an internal secretion. endointozication (en"do-in-toks-i-ka'shun). Poi-
endocrinism (en-dok'rin-izm) [endocrine + -ism.] soning by an endogenous toxin.
Endocrinopathy. endolabyrinthitis (en"do-lab-i-rin-thi'(the')tis) [G.
endocrinology (en'do-krin-oro-il) [G. endon, with- endon, within, -I- labyrinthos, labyrinth, + -it j.]
in, + krino, I separate, + -ology.] The science Inflammation of the membranous labyrinth.
dealing with the internal secretions and their endolaryn'geal. Within the larynx.
physiological and pathological relations. en'dolymph, endolym'pha [BNA] [G. endon,
endocrinopathic (en-do-krin-o-path'ik). 1. Relat- within, -1- L. lympha, a clear fluid.] The fluid
ing to or suffering from an endocrinopathy. contained within the membranous labyrinth.
2. One suffering from the results of abnormal endolymphat'ic, endolym'phic. Relating to the
internal secretion of one or more glands. endolymph.
endocrinopathy (en'do-knn-op'S.-thil) [endocrine endolysin (en-dol'i-sin) [G. endon, within, + lysin.]
+ G. pathos, suflEering.] Any disease due to Leucin (2).
abnormality (increase, decrease, or perversion) endomastoiditis (en"do-mas-toy-di'(de')tis). In-
in one or more of the internal glandular secre- flammation of the mucous membrane lining the
tions. mastoid antrum and mastoid cells.
endocrinous (en-dok'rin-us) [G. endon, within, + endometrec'tomy [ G. endon, within, H- metra, uterus,
krino, I separate.] Relating to any internal -f ektome, excision.] Curettage of the mucous
secretion, e. glands, glands, such as the thyroid, membrane of the uterus.
the adrenals, etc., which elaborate an internal se- endometritis (en-do-me-tri'(tre')tis) [G. endon,
cretion. within, -\- metra, womh, +-itis.'] Inflammation of
endocritic (en-do-krit'ik). Endocrinous, relating the lining membrane of the uterus, decid'ual e.,
to an internal secretion. inflammation of the decidual mucous membrane
endocystitis (en''do-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. endon, within, of tile gravid uterus, diphtherlt'ic e., inflamma-
+ kystis, bladder, + -itis.] Simple catarrhal tion of the uterine mucous membrane, with a
inflammation of the mucous membraneof the dirty brownish exudate, not necessarily due to
bladder. the presence of the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus, e.
endocyte (en'do-sit) [G. endon, within, -I- kytos, a dis'secans, e. with ulceration and exfoliation of
hollow, a cell.] Anything, not belonging to the the mucous membrane.
cell itself, contained in a cell; a cell-inclusion.* endome'trium [G. endon, within, +
m,etra, uterus.]
endoderm (en'do-durm) [G. endon, within, -f derma, The mucous membrane lining the uterus, the
skin.] Endoblast, hypoblast,* inner layer of the uterine mucosa.
blastoderm. endom'etry [G. endon, within, +
meiron, m.easure.]
endodermis (en-do-dur'mis) [G. endon, within, + Measurement of the capacity of a cavity, specifi-
derma, skin.] In botany, the bundle-sheath en- cally of the cranial capacity.
closing the vascular bundles of stems and leaves. endomyocarditis (en-do-mi-o-karrdi'(de')tis) [G.
endodontitis (en"do-don-ti'(te')tis) [G. endon, within, endon, within, -I- mysimyo-'), muscle, -I- kardia,
-I- odous(pdont-), tooth, -I- -»'<«.] Inflammation heart, + -itis."] Inflammation of both endocar-
of the pulp of a tooth. dium and myocardium.
endoenteritis (en"do-en-ter-i'(e')tis) [G. endon, endomysium (en"do-miz'i-um) [G. endon, within, +
within, -I- enteron, intestine, -itis.]+Simple mys, muscle.] Loose connective tissue holding
catarrhal enteritis, or inflammation of the together the fibers which constitute one of the
mucous membrane of the intestine. primary bundles of muscle.
endofar'adism. The application of faradic electric- endonepliritis (en-do-nef-ri'(re')tis) [G. endon,
ity to the interior of any cavity of the body. within, nepkros, kidney,
-1- -1- -itis.] Pyelitis,
endogal'vanismi The application of a galvanic inflammation of the pelvis and calyces of the
current to the interior of any cavity of the body. kidney.
endogamy (en-dog'S-mi) [G. endon, within, + endoneuritis (en-do-nu-ri'(re')tis). Inflammation
gamos, marriage.] Reproduction by conjuga- of the endoneurium.
tion between sister cells, the descendants endoneurium (en-do-nu'ri-um) [G. endon, witMn, -f
of one original cell; pedogamy. neuron, nerve.] Henle's sheath, the connective-
endogas'tric [G. endon, within, +
gaster, stomach.] tissue support of the individual nerve-fibers in a
Within the stomach. funiculus.
endogastritis (en"do-gas-tri'(tre')tis)[G. endon, en"donucle'olus [G endon, within.] A minute
within, -f- gaster, stomach, -I- -itis.'] Simple imstainable spot near the center of a nucleolus.
catatrhal gastritis, or inflammation of the mucous endopar'asite [G. endon, within, +
parasitos.] A
membrane of the stomach. parasite living within the body of its host.
endogenic (en-do-jen'ik). 1. Of inside origin, endoperiarteritis (en"do-per"I-ar-ter-i'(e')tis) [G.
poting certain nerve fibers in the posterior endon, within, + peri, around, -I- arteria, artery,
columns of the spinal cord. 2. Endogenous. + -itis.'] Inflammation of the inner and outer
endogenous (en-doj'en-us) [G. endon, within, -t- (and all) the coats of an artery.
ge««ao, I produce. ] i. Originating or produced endopericarditls (en"do-per"I-kar-di'(de')tis) [G. en-
within the organism or one of its parts. 2. En- don, within, -I- peri, around, -|- kardia, heart, 4-
-itis^ Simultaneous inflammation of the inner
dogenic, e. cy'cle, non-sexual cycle of hemopro-
tozoa, occurring in the vertebrate host, and outer membranes of the heart.
endoperimyocarditis (en"do-per"l-mi"o-kar-di'(de')-
endoglo'bar. Endoglobular. e. bod'y, archiplasm.
«ndoglob'ular [G. endon, within, + globule.^ Within tis) [G. endon, within, -I- peri, around, mys +
 —
ENDOPERIMYOCARDITIS 322 ENDOTRACHELITIS

(myo-), muscle, + kardia, heart, + -i/is.] Sim- Inflammation of the endosteum or of the
-itis.]

ultaneous inflammation of the heart muscle and medullary cavity of a bone.

of its inner and outer membranes, or endocardium endosteo'ma [G. endon, within, -I- osteon, bone.] A
and pericardium. neoplasm in the medullary cavity of a bone.
endoperineuritis (en"do-per"l-nu-ri'(re')tis). In- endostethoscope (en"do-steth'o-skop) [G. endon
flammation of both endoneurium and perineu- within,-I- stethos, chest, -I- skoped, I examine.]

rium. Atube for passage into the esophagus, used in

endoperitonitis (en"do-per"I-ton-i'(e')tis). [G. endon, endoauscultation.*
within, + peritonaion, peritoneum, -t- -i<w.] endos' teum [G. endon, within, -f osteon, bone.]
Superficial inflammation of the peritoneum. Internal periosteum, the membrane covering the
endophlebitis (en"do-flS-bi'(be')tis) [G. endon, within, surface of bone in the medullary cavity.
-I- phleps{phleb-), vein, + -ilis.] Inflammation of endosto'ma. Endosteoma.
the intima, or lining membrane of a vein. endothecium (en"do-the'si-um) [G. endon, within, -|-
endophthalmitis (en-dof-thal-mi'(me')tis) [G. en- iheke, box.] i. In mosses the central cells in the

don, within, -I- ophthalmos, eye, -I- -ilis.] In- early stages of formation of the capsule, z. The

flammation of one or more of the tissues within substance, or inner portion, of the wall of the
the eyeball. anther in a phanerogam.
endophyte (en'do-fit) [G. endon, within, + phylon, endothe'lial. Relating to the endothelium.
plant.] A plant growing within another plant or endothelioid (en-do-the'll-oyd) [endothelium + G.
an animal. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling endothelium.
en'doplasm [G. endon, within, -I- plasma, anything e. hab'it, relative smallness of the nucleus as com-
formed.] The cytoplasm, or mass of cell-sub- pared with the cytoplasm.
stance, as distinguished from the enveloping endotheliocyte (en-do-the'li-o-sit) [endothelium +
ectoplasm. G. kytos, cell.] Splenocyte (2).
en'doplast [G. endon, within, + plastos, formed.] endotheliolysin (en-do-the-ll-ol'i-sin). Endothelio-
The nucleus of an ameba or other protozoan. toxin.
endoplas'tic. Entoplastic. endothelio'ma, pi. endoihelio'mata, endothelio'mas.
end'-organ. The special structure containing the A tumor originating from the endothelium, or
terminal of a nerve-fibril in muscular tissue, skin, lining cells, of a blood-vessel {hemangioendothe-
mucous membrane, or glands. lioma) or lymphatic {lymphangioendothelioma).
endorrhachis (en-do-ra'kis) [G. endon, within, -f- e. cap'itiSj turban tumor, the occurrence of mul-
rhachis, the spine.] Lining membrane of the tiple, benign, alveolar endotheliomata or sarco-
spinal canal, spinal dura mater. mata, of the size of a nut or larger, on the
endorrhinitis (en"do-ri-m'(ne')tis) [G. endon, within, scalp.
+ rhis{rhin^), nose, H iiis,^ Coryza, inflamma- endotheliomyoma (en"do-the"-lI-o-mi-o'mah) [endo-
tion of the nasal mucous membrane. thelium -f G. mys, muscle.] A tumor composed
endosalpingitis (en"do-sal-pin-ji'(je')tis) [G. endon, of both endothelial and muscular elements.
within, + salpinx(salping-), tube, -{- -itis.] endothe"liomyxo'ma. A myxoma with endothelial
Inflammation of the lining membrane of the elements.
Eustachian or of the Fallopian tube. endotheliotox'in. A speciflc poison found in certain
en'dosarc [G. endon, within, -I- sarxisark-), flesh.] zootoxins which attacks especially the endothe-
The endoplasm of a protozoan, entosarc. lium of the blood-vessels; endotheliolysin.
en'doscope [G. endon, within, -I- skoped, I examine.] endothe'lium [G. endon, withm + thele, nipple.]
An instrument for the examination of the interior [BNA]. A
layer of flat cells lining serous cavi-
of a canal or hollow viscus. ties, blood-vessels, and lymphatics.
endos'copy [G. endon, within, -I- skoped, I examine.] endothennic (en-do-thur'mik) [G. endon, within, +
Examination of the interior of a canal or hollow Iherme, heat.] i. Noting chemical compounds
viscus. during the formation of which there is absorption
endosep'sis [G. endon, within, + sepsis, decay.] of heat. .1. Noting the production of heat within
Autosepticemia. an organism.
endoskel'eton [G. endos, within, + skeleton.'] The endothyreopexy, endothyropexy (en-do-thi're-o-pek-
internal bony framework of the body; the skel- sl, en-do-thi'ro-pek-sl). Operative dislocation of
eton in its usual acceptation, as distinguished the thyroid gland and fixation of the same in the
from exoskeleton. side of the neck
endosmom'eter [endosmosis + G. meiron, measure.] en'dotin. A preparation obtained by treating
A device for determining the rapidity of endos- Koch's original tuberculin with xylol, ether, chlo-
mosis. roform, and alcohol to free it from admixture
endosmosis (en-doz-mo'sis) [G. endon, within.] Os- with any other bodies; said to have given good
mosis in a direction toward the interior of a cavity. results in advanced tuberculosis.
endosmot'ic. Relating to endosmosis. endotoscope (end-o'to-sk5p) [G. endon, within, +
endoso'ma [G. endon, within, + soma, body.] A ous{dt-), ear, + skoped, I examine.] A form of
hypothetical solution of hemoglobin filling the ear speculum; otoscope.
red blood-cell. endotoxicosis (en"do-toks"i-ko'sis). Poisoning by
endosperm (en'do-spurm) [G. endon, within, -I- an endotoxin.
sperma, seed.] The albumin of a seed, serving endotoz'in [G. endon, within.] A toxin elaborated
for the nutrition of the embryo. by a microorganism within its substance, and
en'dospore [G. endon, within, + sporos, seed.] i. which becomes free only after destruction of the
A spore appearing as an oval or round, strongly producing agent.
refractile, glistening body within the substance endotracheitis (en-do-tra-ke-i'(e')tis). Inflammation
of a bacterium. 2. Endosporium. of the mucous membrane of the trachea.
endospo'rium. Endospore; in botany, the inner- endotrachelic (en-do-tra-kel'ik) [G. e«don,' within,
most, cellulose, coat of a spore. + trachelos, neck,] Intracervical.
endosteitis, endostitia (en"dos-te-i'(e')tis, en"dos- endotrachelitis (en"do-trak-el-i'(e')tis) [G. endon,
ti'(te')tis) [G. endon, within, + osteon, bone, + within, -I- trachelos, neck, + -itis!\ Inflammation
 '

ENDOTRACHELITIS 323 ENTELECHY

of the mucous membrane of the cervix uteri, Eight springs. Used by drinking and bathing in
endocervicitis. affections of the respiratory organs, nose, throat,
endotrachelous (en-do-trak'el-us). Endotrachelic, and ear; rheumatism, joint affections, neurotic
intracervical. paresis, sciatica, syphilis, chronic skin diseases,
endotryp'sin. Aferment, resembling trypsin in nervous diseases, and diseases of women. May i
action, formed in yeasts. to October 15.
endovasculitis (en"do-vas-ku-li'(le')tis) [G. endon, English disease (ing"glish diz-ez'). Rickets. E.
within, + L. vasculum, a small vessel, +
G. -ilis.^ drops, guttse anglicanae.
Endangeitis. englobe' [L. globus, ball, sphere.] To take in by a
endove'nous [G. endon, within, + L. venosus, spherical body, said of the ingestion of bacteria
venous.] Intravenous. and other foreign bodies by the phagocytes.
end-plate. Aseries of flattened discs in which termi- englobe'ment. The process of inclusion by a
nate the motor nerve- fibrils in muscular tissue. spherical body, such as a leucocyte.
en'dyma [G. a garment.] Ependyma. engorged'. Absolutely filled; distended with fluid;
en'ema, pi. enem'ata [G.] Clyster, rectal injection, congested; hyperemic.
lavement a fluid injected into the rectum for the
; engorge'ment. Distention with fluid or other
purpose of clearing out the bowel, or of adminis- material congestion.
;

tering drugs or food, analep'tic e., an e. of a en' gram [G. en, in, -f gramma, mark.] See mnemic^
pint of lukewarm water with one-half teaspoon- hypothesis.
ful of table salt, blind e., the introduction into enhem'atospore, enhcem'atospore [G. en, in, -t-
the rectum of a soft rubber tube to facilitate the haimaQiaimat-), blood, -I- sporos, seed.] Enhem-
expulsion of flatus, pancreat'ic e., see Leube's ospore, merozoite.
enema and DobeU's* enema. thirst e., ana- enhem'ospore, enhsem'ospore, [G. en, in, -I- haimd,
leptic e. blood, -I- sporos, seed.] Merozoite.
enepidennic (en"ep-J-dur'mik) [G. en, in, + epi, enkatar'rhaphy. Encatarrhaphy.
upon, + derma, skin.] On the surface of the skin, enomania, cenomania (e"no-ma'ni-ah) [G. oinos
noting a mode of medication by plasters, oint- wine, -I- mania, frenzy.] A craving for alcohol
ments, and lotions. enophthal'mos, enophthal'mus [G. en, in, + ophthal-
en'ergid [G. energeia, energy, -|- id.] The dynamic mos, eye.] Recession of the eyeball within the
chromatin in the nucleus, that part which bears orbit.
the formative, active properties as distinguished enorgan'ic [G. en, in, + organon, organ.] Occurring
from that which transmits the instinctive and as an innate characteristic of the' organism.
other noncreative characteristics. enosimania (en-o-sK-ma'ni-ah) [G. enosis, shaking,
energometer (en-ur-gom'e-tur) [energy -f G. -\- mania, frenzy. Extreme and irrational terror.
meiron, measure.] A form of blood-pressure enosto'sis [G. en, in, -I- osteon, bone.] A bony tumor
measuring apparatus. within a bone.
energy (en'ur-ji) [G. energeia; en, in, -f ergon, work.] enoxidase (e-noks'i-daz) [G. oinos, wine.] An ox-
Activity; the exertion of power, dynamic force. idase causing the souring of wines.
conserva'tion of c, the principle that the total ensiform (en'si-form) [L. ensis, sword, + forma; ap-
amount of energy remains always the same, none pearance.] Xiphoid, sword-shaped; noting the
being lost or created in all the manifold physical cartilaginous process shaped like a sword-tip, at
processes or in the conversion of one kind of force the lower end of the sternum, the ensiform or
into another, e. of posi'tion, potential e. kinet'ic xiphoid cartilage or process, metastemum.
e., the e. of motion, poten'tial e., e. at rest, the ensisternum (en-sl-stur'num) [L. ensis, sword.
c. existing in a body, which is not being exerted Ensiform or xiphoid appendix, metastemum.
at the time, to'tal e., the sum of the kinetic and ens morbi [L. the entity of a disease.] The actual
nature, the essence or pathology of a disease.
'

potential energies.
enervation (en-ur-va'shun) [L. enervare; e- priv. ensom'phalus [G. en, in, + soma, body, + omphalos,
-I- nervus, nerve.] Failure of nerve force; umbilicus.] A twin monster in which the indi-
weakening. viduals are practically vitally independent-, -but
en'esol. Mercury salicylarsenate, an amorphous are united by bands in the abdominal region or
white powder containing 38.46 per cent, of mer- side.
cury and 14.4 per cent, of arsenic; employed enstrophe (en'stro-fe) [G. en, in, -f- strophe, a
hypodermically in the treatment of syphilis in turning.] Inversion of a part; entrodion.
doses of 1K15— 30 (1.0-2.0) of a 3 per j;ent. en'tad [G. entos, within, +
L. ad, to.] Toward
solution. the interior.
engas'trius [G. en, in, -|- gaster, belly.] A
double en'tal [G. entos, within.] Relating to the interior,
monster in which the parasite is_ wholly or partly inside.
within the abdomen of the autosite. Entameba, Entamceba (ent-S-me'bah) [G. entos, with-
Eng'el's alkalim'etry [Rudolph Charles Engel, Alsa- in, -t- A
genus or sub-genus including
amosba.'\

tian biological chemist, 1850-1916.] To deter- the internal parasitic forms of amceba? E.
mine the alkalinity of the blood: a diluted bucca'Us, found in the mouth in cases of dental
specimen of blood is titrated with normal caries. E. co'li, inhabiting ch'efly the upper pan
of the large intestine. E. histolyt'ica, the patho-
tartaric acid solution until the mixture reddens
genic organism of tropical dysentery. E. un-
litmus paper, the degree of alkalinity being
dulans, an organism found in the intestine, con-
determined by the amount of tartaric acid solu-
tion necessary to overcome it.
sisting of an oval body with undulating mem-
Engelmann's discs (eng'el-mahn) [Theodor Wilhelm brane.
Engelmann, German physiologist, *i843.] The entamebiasis (ent-S-me-bi'-a-sis) Infestation with
.

light transverse bands in a muscle fiber, the

a species of Entameba; loeschiasis, dysentery.
enta'sia, en'tasis [G. distention.] Tonic spasm.
lateral discs, and the dark line in the center of
entelechy (en-tel'e-kl) [G. entelecheia, actuality.]
each, the intermediate disc or Krause 's membrane.
Complete development; full realization of any
Enghien-les-Bains, France (on-gyan"la-ban'). Al-
waters. Cold. action.
kaline-sulphureted-carbonated
 . .

ENTERADEN 324 ENTEROPEXY

enter'aden [G. enteron, intestine, + aden, gland. enterocoelia (en-ter-o-se'H-ah) [G. enteron, intestine,
An intestinal gland. +koilia, hollow.] The abdominal cavity.
enteradenitis (en"ter-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. enteron, enterocolitis (en-ter-o-ko-li'(le')tis). Inflammation
intestine, +
aden, gland, -iiis.'\ +
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of a greater or lesser
of the intestinal glands. extent of both small and large intestines.
enteral (en'ter-al). Within the intestine, as dis- en"terocolos'toniy [G. enteron, intestine, -f- kolon,
tinguished from parenteral. colon, -{- stoma, mouth.] Operation for establish-
enteral'gia [G. enteron, intestine, +
algos, pain.] ing an artificial opening between the small intes-
Cramps, colic severe neuralgic pain in the intes-
; tine and some portion of the colon.
tine, accompanied often by spasmodic contrac- en'terocyst (G. enteron, intestine, +
kystis, bladder.]
tion of the muscular coat. Acyst of the wall of the intestine.
enterec'tomy [G. enteron, intestine, -{- ekiome, excis- enterocystocele (en"ter-o-sis'to-sel) [G. enteron,
ion.] Resection of a segment of the intestine. intestine, +
kystis, bladder, 4- kele, hernia.]
enterepiplocele (en"ter-S-pip'Jo-sel) [G. enteron, in- Ahernia of both intestine and bladder wall.
testine, + epiploon, omentum, + kele, hernia.] enterocysto'ma. Enterocyst.
A hernia of the omenttim as well as of the intes- enterodyn'ia [G. enteron, intestine, + odyne, pain.]
tine. Enteralgia.
enter'ic [G. enterikos, from entera, bowels.] Relat- en"teroenteros'tomy. The establishment of a com-
ing to the intestine, e. pills, pills which will not munication between two non-continuous seg-
dissolve until they reach the intestine; such are ments of intestine.
usually coated with salol. enteroepiplocele (en"ter-o-6-pip'lo-s61). Enterepip-
entericoid (en-ter'I-koyd) [enteric (fever) + G. eidos, locele.
resemblance.] Resembling typhoid or enteric enterogastritis (en"ter-o-gas-tri'(tre')tis). Gastro-
fever, e. fe'ver, a fever, neither paratyphoid nor enteritis.
typhoid, but resembling the latter; cf. para- enterogenous (en-ter-oj'en-us) [G. enteron, intestine,
enteric. + gennad, I produce.] Of intestinal origin.
enteritis (en-ter-i'(e')tis) [G. enteron, intestine, -t- enterograph (en'ter-o-graf) [G. enteron, intestine, -|-
-iiis.]Inflammation of the intestine, mem'- grapho, I write.] An instrument designed for
branous e., mucomem'branous e., mucous e. making a graphic record of the intestinal move-
mu'cous e., intestinal myxoneurosis; an affection ments.
of the intestinal mucous membrane characterized enterog'raphy [G. enteron, intestine, -f- grapko, I
by constipation or diarrhea, sometimes alternat- write.] I. A description of the intestines. 2.
ing, colic, of pseudomembranous
and the passage The making of graphic curve delineating the
-a.

shreds or incomplete casts of the intestine, phleg'- intestinal movements.

monous b., severe acute inflammation of the enterohepatitis (en"ter-o-hep-a-ti'(te')tis) [O. en-
intestine, with walls edematous and infiltrated teron, intestine, + hepar{hepat-), liver, + -itis.]
with pus. pseudomem'branous e., mucous e. Inflammation of both the intestine and the
entero- [G. enteron, intestine.] A
prefix denoting liver.
intestinal. enterohydrocele (en"ter-o-hi'dro-sel). Hydrocele in
en''teroanastomo'sis. Intestinal anastomosis.* which the sac contains also a loop of intestine.
enteroapocleisis (en"ter-o-ap"o-kli'sis) [G. apokleisis, enteroMnase (en"ter-o-kin'az). An intestinal fer-
exclusion.] The shutting out of a segment of the ment which converts trypsinogen into trypsin.
intestine by forming an anastomosis between enterolrinesia (en"ter-o-kin-e'sI-ah). Enterocinesia.
the parts above and below. enterokinetic (en"ter-o-kin-et'ik). Enterocinetic.
enterobro'sia [G. enteron, intestine, + brosis, en'terolith [G. enteron, intestine, -)- lithos, stone.]
corrosion.] Perforation of the intestine. An intestinal calculus formed of layers of soaps
enterocele (en'ter-o-sel) [G. enteron, intestine, + and earthy phosphates surrounding a nucleus of
kele, hernia.] An intestinal hernia, par'tial e,, some hard body such as a fruit-stone or
Richter's hernia, parietal hernia.* other indigestible substance swallowed.
enteroce'lia. Enterocoelia. enterolithi'asis. The presence of calculi in the
en"terocente'sis [G. enteron, intestine, + kentesis, intestine.
puncture.] Puncture of the gut with a. hollow enterol'ogy [G. enteron, intestine, 4- -lugia-l The
needle in order to give exit to gas, or to withdraw braiich of medical science dealing especially with
fluids distending the bowel. the intestinal tract.
enterochirurgia (en"ter-o-ki-rur'jl-ah). Intestinal enteromega'lia, enteromeg'aly (G. enteron, intestine,
surgery. -t- tnegas(megal-) great.] Abnormal largeness of
enterocholecystostomy (en"ter-o-ko-le-sis-tos'to-mI). the intestine, megaloenteron.
Cholecystenterostomy. enteromere (en'ter-o-mer) [G. enteron, intestine, +
enterocholecystotomy (en"ter-o-ko"-le-sis-tot'o-mI) meros, a part.] A segment of the primitive intes-
Cholecystenterotomy, incision of both intestine tine in the embryo.
and gall-bladder. enteromerocele (en"ter-o-me'ro-sel) [G. enteron, in-
enterocinesia (en"ter-o-sin-e'sI-ah) [G. enteron, intes- testine, -I- meros, thigh, -I- kele, hernia.] Femoral
tine, + kinesis, movement.] Peristalsis. hernia.
enterocinetic (en"ter-o-sin-et'ik). Relating to or enteTom'eter [G. metron, measure.] An instrument
promoting peristalsis. used in measuring the diameter of the intestine
enteroclysis (en-ter-ok'li-sis) [G. enteron, intestine, -)- preliminary to an anastomosis.
klysis, a washing out.] A
high enema. enteromyco'sis [G. enteron, intestine, + mykes,
Enterococc'us proteifor'mis. A
microorganism fungus.] An intestinal disease of bacterial origin.
found in the intestine in health and in disease, en'teron (G). The intestine.
being possibly pathogenic; it is pathogenic for enterop'athy [G. enteron, intestine, -1- pathos, suffer-
mice; it occurs in various foi-ms, as a simple ing.] An intestinal disease.
coccus, diplococcus, staphylococcus, tetrad, strep- en'teropexy [G. enteron, intestine, -1- pexis, fixation.]
tococcus, and bacillus. Fixation of a segment of the intestine to the
enteroccele (en"ter-o-se'le). Enterocoelia. abdominal wall.
 .

ENTEROPLASTY 32s ENTROPION, ENTROPIUM

en'teroplasty [G. enteron, intestine, +

plasso, I entire' [L. integer, whole.] Smooth and continuous,
moiild.] Plastic surgery of the intestine, such as without indentations or projections; noting the
the closure of perforation, relief of constrictions, margin of a leaf or of a bacterial colony.
etc. entiris (ent-i'ris) [G. entos, inside, + iris.l The
en'teroplex [G. enteron, intestine, +
plexis, weaving.] pigmentary layer of the iris.
An instrtunent for use in effecting iinion of the en'tity [L. ens, being; esse, to be.] An
indepen*
divided ends of the intestine. dent thing; that which contains in the itself all
en'teroplexy [G. -enteron, intestine, +
plexis, a. conditions essential to individuality; that which
weaving.] Joining of the divided ends of the forms of itself a complete whole.
intestine. en'toblast [G. entos, within, + blastos, germ.] i.
enteroproctia (en"ter-o-prok'shyah) [G. enteron, in- Endoblast, hypoblast. 2. A nucleolus.
testine, +proktos, anus.] The presence of an entocele (en'to-sel) [G. entos, within, -I- kele, hernia.]
artificial anus. Inward displacement of a part.
enteropto'sia, enteropto'sis [G. enteron, intestine, + entochorioidea (en"to-ko-rI-o-id'e-ah) [G. entos,
ptosis, a falling.] The abnormal descent of the within, -f- chorioeides, chorioid.] The inner
intestines in the abdominal cavity, usually associ- layer of the chorioid coat of the eye.
ated with falling of the other viscera in G16nard's entocine'rea [G. entos, within, + L. cinereus, ashen.]
disease. The internal gray matter of the nerve-centers,
enteroptot'ic. Relating to or suffering from pro- especially of the brain.
lapse of the abdominal viscera, c. hab'it, habitus* entocone (en'to-kon) [G. entos, within, + kBnos,
enteroptoticus cone.] The mesiolingual cusp of an upper
enteTorrha'gia [G. enteron, intestine, -1- -rhagia.] molar tooth.
Intestinal hemorrhage. entoco'nid [G. entos, inside, +
konos, cone.] The
enteror'rhaphy [G. enteron, intestine, -|- rhaphe, Inner posterior cusp of a lower molar tooth.
sewing.] Suture of the intestine in case of per- entocor'nea [G. entos, within.] The inner or poste-
foration, as in the operation of anastomosis. rior lining membrane of the cornea, Descemet's
en'teroscope [G. enteron, intestine, -I- skoped, I membrane.
examine.] A
form of speculum for aid in inspect- en"tocra' nial, en"tocra'niiim. Endocranial, en-
ing the inside of the intestine in operative docranium.
cases. entocuneiform (en-to-ku'ne-i-form). The inner or
enterosepsis (en-ter-o-sep'sis) [G. enteron, in- first cuneiform bone of the tarsus.
testine, sepsis, decay.]
-t- Autointoxication entocyte (en'to-sit) [G. entos, within, -I- kyios, hollow
from decomposition of the intestinal contents. (cell).] The interior part of a cell, enclosed with-
enterospasm (en'ter-o-spazm) [G. enteron, intes- in the ectoplasm; endoplasm.
tine, +
spasmos, convulsion.] Increased, irreg- entoderm (en'to-durm) [G. entos, inside, -f- derma,
ular, and painful peristalsis. skin.] The inner layer of cells split off from the
enteiostasis (en-ter-os'ta-sis) [G. enteron, intestine, inner cell-mass of the blastocyst, the hypoblast.
-I- stasis, a standing.] Intestinal stasis, a re- entoectad (en-to-ek'tad) [G. entos, within, -I- ektos,
tardation or arrest of the passage of the intes- without, -I- L, ad, to.] From within outward.
tinal contents. entomion (ent-o'ml-01:) [G. entome, notch.] The tip
enterostaz'is [G. enteron, intestine, + staxis, trick- of the mastoid angle of the parietal bone."
ling.] Oozing of blood from the mucous mem- entomoph'ilous [G. eniomon, insect, + philos, fond.]
brane of the intestine. Noting flowers pollinated by the agency of bees
enterostenosis (en"ter-o-stS-no'sis) [G. enteron, and other insects.
intestine, +
stenosis, narrowing.] Narrowing entophyte (en'to-fit) [G. entos, within, +phyton,
of the lumen of the intestine. plant.] Endophyte.
enterostomy (en-ter-os'to-mi) [G. enteron, intes- entopic (en-top'ik) [G. en, within, -|- lopos, place.]
tine, -F stoma, mouth.] The establishment of Occurring or situated in the normal place; op-
an artificial anus or fistula into the intestine posed to ectopic.
through the abdominal wall. en'toplasm [G. entos, within, + plasma.'] The
enterotome (en'ter-o-t5m) [G. enteron, intestine, inner and more fluid portion of the cellular
+ tome, a cutting.] An instrument for incising protoplasm.
entoplas'tic. i. Relating to the entoplasm.
the intestine, especially in the operation for 2.

anus.
artificial
Possessing an internal formative power.
enterot'omy. Incision into the intestine. entop'tic [G. entos, within, + optikos, relating
enterotozication (en"ter-o-tok-si-ka'shun) [G. en- to vision.] Within the eyeball.
entoptos'copy [G. entos, within, -y optos, visible, +
teron, intestine, + toxikon, poison.] Intestinal
skopeo, I view.] jl. Examination of the interior
.autointoxication.
of the eyeball. 2. Autoscopy of the eye, auto-
enterotox'in. A
cytotoxin specific for the cells of
membrane
of the intestine. ophthalmoscopy.
the mucous
Autointoxication from intestinal entoret'ina [G. enios, within.] The internal layer
enterotoz^ism.
of the retina, Henle's nervous layer.
decomposition, enterosepsis.
Relating to an enterozoon, or animal en'tosarc [G. enios, within, -t- sarx{sark-), flesh.]
enterozo'ic.
Endosarc, the cytoplasm of a protozoan.
parasite inhabiting the lumen of the intestine.
entos'thoblast [G. entosthen, from within, -1- blastos,
enterozoon (en"ter-o-zo'on) [G. enteron, intestine, -t-
germ.] Entoblast; the hypothetical nucleus of
zdon, animal.] An animal parasite in the intestine.
mania, the nucleolus.
entheonia'nia [G. entheos, inspired, -f-

Religious insanity.
ento'tic [G. entos, within, -I- ous{dt-), ear.] Within
frenzy.]
+
thesis, a deposit.] The inser- the ear.
en'thesis [G. en, in,
to entozo'on [G. enios, within, + zoon, animal.] An
tion of metallic or other non-vital material
animal parasite the habitat of which is any of the
take the place of lost tissue.
i. Exogenous. internal organs or tissues.
enthet'ic. i. Relating to enthesis.
Depressed fracture of the entro'pion, entro'pium [G. en, in, + trope, a turning.]
en'thlasis [G. a dent.]
skull.
An infolding of the margin of an eyelid.
ENTROPIONIZE 326 EPIBLAST

entro'pionize. To invert a part. taktikos, in orderly arrangement.] Exerting a

entypy (en'ti-pl) [G. entypos, impressed.] A drawing force of attraction or repulsion on eosinophile
or pushing inward, e. of the genn'inal a'rea, a cells.
condition, occurring in the development of m.any eosote (e'o-sot). Creosote valerianate.
mammals, in which the germinal layer is inverted epac'tal [G. epaktos, imported, added to.] Super-
and the cavity does not open on the surface numerary, e. bones, sutural or Wormian bones.
of the blastocys but remains roofed in by the
, eparsal'gia. Epersalgia.
trophoblast. epeirte'rial [G. epi, upon, -I- arteria, artery.] Upon
enucleate (e-nu'kle-at). i. To remove entire., or over an artery, noting the first branch of the
shell out like a nut. 2. To destroy or remove the right bronchus which is placed above the right
nucleus (of a cell). pulmonary artery.
enucleation (e-nu-kle-a'shun) [L. enucUare, to re- epax'ial [G. epi, upon, -H axis.] Above or behind
move the kernel of a nut.] i. The removal of a any axis, such as the spinal axis or the axis of a
tumor or other body (such as the eyeball) entire, limb.
without rupture, as one shells out the kernel of a epen'cephal. Epencephalon.
nut. ^. The removal or destruction of the epencephal'ic. Relating to the epencephalon;
nucleus of a cell. occipital.
en'ule. Trade name of a special form of supposi- epenceph'alon [G. epi, upon, + enkephalos, brain.]
tory, wrapped in tinfoil, containing one of a The metencephalon, the anterior division of the
number of drugs in specified doses, or predigested third cerebral vesicle or rhombencephalon; the
meat. cerebellum and pons Varolii, or these and the
enure'sis. Involuntary passage of urine. medulla, myelencephalon, as well.
enzootic (en-zo-ot'ik) [G. en, in, + zoon, animal.] ependyxna (ep-en'di-mah) [G. ependyma, an outer
Noting a disease of animals which is indigenous garment.] The membrane lining the central
to a certain locality, analogous to an endemic canal of the spinal cord and the central ventricles.
disease among men. e. lay'er, an inner layer of undifferentiated cells
enzygot'ic [G. eM(eii), one, + zygote.] Derived from next to the cavity of the tube formed during the
a single fertilized ovum, noting certain twins. stratification of the medullary tube, and persisting
enzyme (en'zim) [G. en, in, + zyme, leaven.] An throughout life.
organic substance of colloid structure, secreted by epen'dymal. Relating to the ependyma. e. lay'er,
the body cells, which acts as a ferment, inducing ependyma layer.
chemical changes in other substances by catalysis, ependymitis (ep-en-de-mi'(me')tis). Inflammation
itself remaining apparently unchanged in the of the lining membrane of the ventricles of the
process. An effort has been made to introduce brain.
order in the nomenclature of the enzymes by ependymo'ma. A cystic growth in a glioma or in
calling each after the name of the body upon the gray matter of the brain, arising from a fetal
which it acts, adding the termination -ase. inclusion of ependymal tissue.
'autolyt'ic e., an e. formed in the tissues which is epersalgia (ep-ur-sal'jJ-ah) [G. epairo, I lift up, +
capable of transforming tissue constituents into algos, pain.] Pain and soreness from over-use
characteristic cleavage products, clott'ing e., co- or unaccustomed use of a part, as a. joint or
agfulose. deam'idizing e., one which decomposes muscle.
the amino-acids into ammonia compounds, in- ephe'bic [G. ephehikos, relating to youth.] Relating
hib'itory e., anti-enzyme, oxida'tion e., oxidase. to the period of puberty or to a youth- pubertal.
redu'cing e., one which has the property of with- ephebology (S-fe-bol'o-jI) [G. ephebos, puberty, -|-
drawing oxygen, as, for example, causing the pro- -logia.] The branch of science relating to the
duction of hydrogen sulphide in the presence of morphological and other changes incidental to
sulphur and water; reductase. puberty.
enzym'ic. Relating to an enzyme. Eph'edra [G. epi, upon, + hedra, seat.] A genus of
enzymo'sis. The chemical changes in organic shrubs of the family GeniianacetB, the most impor-
matter caused by the action of an enzyme. tant species of which, medically, is E. aniisyphilit-
e'osin [G. eos, dawn.] Tetrabromfiuorescein, C20- ica, mountain rush, tepopote, teamster 's tea. Mor-
HjBrjOj, coal-tar ppiduct employed as a dye,
a. mon tea the stems of this shrub of the southeast-
;

in the form of its potassium salt, soluble eosin; the em U. S. and Mexico have enjoyed a popular repu-
latter is a bronze-colored powder, forming in tation in the treatment of gonorrhea and syphilis
water a red solution with green fluorescence used; in doses of 5 1-2 (4.0-8.0) of a fluidextraot.
as a stain in histology and bacteriology. ephedrin (ef'e-drin). Aglucosidal tannin, occurring
e'osin-bod'y. A
pink-staining (Giemsa) area, the in the form of a reddish powder, obtained from
seat of flagellum formation, in the body of Her- Ephedra antisyphilitica.
petomonas donovani in the bedbug cycle. ephedrine (ef'e-dren). An alkaloid from the leaves
eosinoblast (e-o-sin'o-blast). Myeloblast. of Ephedra
helvetia, employed as a mydriatic in
eosinopenia (e-o-sin"o-pe'nl-ah) [eosino(phil) -f- place of atropine by instillation of iij;i-2(o.o6-
G. penia, poverty.] The presehce of eosinophil 0.13) of a 10 per cent, aqueous solution.
cells in abnormally small number in the peripheral ephe'lis, pi. ephelides (ef-e'li-dSz) [G.] Lentigo,
blood stream. a freckle.
eosinophil, eosinophile (e-o-sin'o-fil, e-o-sin'o-fil) ephemeral (S-fem'er-al) [G. epi, upon, + hemera,
[eosin + G. philos, fond.] t. Eosinophilic. 2. day.]Lasting a day, more or less; of brief dura-
A cell or other element, especially a leucocyte, tion, c. fe'ver, a mild fever of very brief duration.
which stains readily with eosin. ephidrosis (ef'i-dro'sis) [G.] Moderate sweating;
eosinophiria. A form of relative leucocytosis in also (incorrectly) excessive or critical sweating, as
which the main increase is in the eosinophils, in pneumonia.
eosinophil'ic, eosinoph'ilous. Eosinophil (i); stain- ephippium (S-fip'1-um) [G. epi, upon, + hippos,
ing readily with eosin dyes; oxyphilic, acido- horse.] Sella turcica.
philic (eosin being an acid dye). ep'iblast [G. epi, upon, + blastos, germ.] The outer
eosinotactic (e-o-sin-o-tak'tik) [eosino(phile) + G. layer of the blastoderm, the ectoderm; from it
 . ;

EPIBLAST 327 EPIDERMOLYSIS

are developed the common integument and the and to localize the same; distinguished from
external parts of the special sense organs. protopathic*
epiblas'tic. Relating to the epiblast. epicystitis (ep-I-sis-ti'(te')tis).Inflammation of the
epibole, epiboly (6-pib'o-le). _ The inclusion of the cellular tissue above the bladder.
hypoblast within the epiblast by reason of the epicystot'omy [G. epi, on, kysiis, bladder, -I-
-I-
more rapid growth of the latter, rather than by iome, incision.] Suprapubic cystotomy; opening
a process of invagination, or emboly. into the bladder through an incision above
epibulljar. Upon a biilb of any kind, specifically the symphysis pubis.
upon the eyeball.
epicyte (ep'i-sit) [G. epi, upon, -t- kytos, cell.] i.
epican'thus [G. epi, upon, +
kanthos, canthus.] A An epithelial cell. 2. A cell-membrane.
fold of skin extending from the root of the nose
epicyto'ma [G. epi, upon,
-I- kytos, cell, +
-oma.]
to the inner termination of the eyebrow, over-
Epithelial-cell carcinoma, malignant epithe-
lapping the inner canthus; its presence is normal
lioma.
in the Mongolian.
epicardia (ep-i-kar'di-ah) [G. epi, upon, + cardia.] epidem'ic [G. epi, upon, + demos, the people.]
I. Noting a disease attacking nearly simultane-
The lower portion of the esophagus from where
ously a large number of people in a community;
it passes through the diaphragm to the stomach.
it is distinguished from endemic in that the
epicar'dium [G. epi, upon, + kardia, heart.]
disease is not indigenous or continuously present
[BNA]. The visceral layer of the pericardium,
that immediately enveloping the heart.
but has been introduced from without. 2. The
extensive prevalence in a community of a disease
epic'aiin. Oxynaphthylortho-oxytoluylic acid; a
colorless crystalline powder, employed as a para-
brought from without, or a temporary increase
in number- of cases of an endemic disease.
siticide and in various skin diseases in the form of
epidemicity (ep-i-dem-isl-tl). The state of pre-
a 10 per cent, solution or 10 to 20 per cent,
vailing in epidemic form.
ointment.
ep'icarp [G. epi, upon, + karpos, fruit.] In botany, epidemiog'raphy [G. epide-mios, epidemic, graphe, +
the enveloping layer of the pericarp of a fruit. a writing.] A descriptive treatise of epidemic
ep'icele. Epicoelia. diseases or of any particular epidemic.
epichlorhydrin (ep-1-klor-hi'drin). A colorless epidemiol'ogy [G. epide-mios, epidemic, -1- -logia.]
liquid obtained by heating sodium hydroxide with The science of epidemics. and epidemic diseases.
2 parts of dichlorhydrin; a solvent for resins used epiderm, epiderma (ep'i-durm, ep-i-dur'mah)
in the manufacture of lacquers. Epidermis.
epichordal (ep-I-kor'dal). On the dorsal side of the epidermal, epidermic (ep-I-dur'mal, ep-I-dur'mlk).
notochord, especially its cranial extremity. Relating to the epidermis, e. meth'od, the appli-
epicoe'lia [G. epi, upon, + koilia, ventricle.] The cation of remedies to the surface of the skin in or-
fourth ventricle of the brain. der to obtain their constitutional effects.
epic'omus [G. epi, upon, + home, hair of the head.] epidermatoplasty (ep-i-dur'mat-o-plas-ti) [epi-

A twin monster joined at the occiput. derma + G. plasso, I form.] Skin-grafting by

epicondylalgia (ep"I-kon"di-lal'ji(-ah) [G. algos, pain.] ,
means of strips (Thiersch's) or small patches
Pain in an epicondyle of the humerus or in the (Reverdin's) of epidermis with the under-
tendons or muscles attached thereto. lying outer layer of the corium.
+ epidermidiza'tion. Epidermization.
epicondyle (ep-J-kon'dil) [G. epi, upon, kondylos, •

A
projection from a long bone near epidermido'sis. Epidermosis.
condyle.]
i. A
j

protective used in surgical

the articular extremity above or upon the con- ;
epider'min.
dyle see epicondylus.
;
dressings in place of collodion, made of white
epicondylian (ep-i-kon-dil'i-an). Epicondylic. ',
wax, acacia, glycerin, and water. 2. An oint-
epicondylic (ep-i-kon-dil'ik) Relating to an epi-
.
ment base composed of difluorphenyl and
fluorxylene.
condyle or to the part above a condyle, e. ridges,
the two borders separating the anterior and pos- epider'mis [G. epi, upon, + derma, skin.] [BNA].
Scarf-skin, cuticle, the outer epithelial portion of
terior surfaces of the humerus, running up from
the condyles; the external (mar go lateralis) gives the skin; it consists of five layers or strata,
attachment to the brachioradialis and extensor called, from without inward, stratum corneum or
horny layer, stratum lucidum or clear layer,
carpi radialis longior muscles, the internal
stratum granulosum or granular layer, stratum
{margo medialis), as well as:.the external, gives
attachment to the intermuscular septa.
mucosum or mucous layer, and stratum germi-
nativum or germinative layer; by some histolo-
epicondylus (ep-i-kon'di-lus). Epicondyle. e. lat-
external gists the last two layers are regarded as one,
era'lis [BNA], lateral epicondyle, (a)
called either stratum germinativum [BNA] or
condyle of the humerus; (b) outer tuberosity
e. media'Us [BNA], medial stratum mucosum.
of the femur, 2. The con-
epidermiza'tion. i. Skin grafting.
epicondyle, (a) internal condyle of the humerus;
femur. version of cells of the deeper, mucous or ger-
(6) inner tuberosity of the
minative, layer into those of the outer, homy,
epicor'acoid. Upon or above the coracoid procass.
layer of the epidermis.
epicra'nium [G. epi, upon, -I- hranion, skull.] The
aponeurosis, epider'moid [epidermis + G. eidos, appearance.]
scalp, galea capitis; the muscle, A
cholesteatoma or
I. Resembling epidermis. 2.
and skin covering the cranitrai. from aberrant epidermic
other tumor arising
epicra'nios. Musculus* epicranius.
cells.
epicrisis (ep-it-kri'sis). A secondary cri-sis; a crisis epidermol'ysis [epidermis +
lysis, loosening.] A
terminating a recrudescence of morbid symptoms
condition in which the epidermis is loosely
following a primary crisis.
attached to the corium, readily exfohating or
epicrit'ic [G. epikrilikos, pronouncing judgment
nerve- forming blisters, e. buUo'sa, acantholysis bullosa
upon.] Noting a set or system of sensory
a condition of the skin, hereditary in origin, in
fibers, supplying the ?kin, by means of which are produced by slight me-
which large bullae
one isenabled to appreciate the finer degrees of
chanical irritation.
the sensations of touch, pain, and temperature
 ..

EPIDERMOPHYTON 328 EPILEPSY

Epidermoph'yton [epidermis + G. phyton, plant.] epigastrocele (ep-i(-gas'tro-sel) [G. kele, hernia.] A

A genus of fungi, separated by Sabouraud from hernia in the epigastric region.
Trichophyton on the ground that it never invades epigastror'rhaphy [G. rhaphe, stitching.]' Suture
the hair-follicles; the cause of tinea crturis or of a wound of the abdominal wall in the epi-
dhobie itch. gastric region.
epidermophytosis (ep-i(-dur-mo-fi-to'sis) [epider- epigenesis (ep-I-jen'e-sis) [G. epi, upon, -|- genesis,
mophyion + -osis.'\ Dhobie itch, a pruritic generation.] 1. The theory that the embryo is
affection of the sldn of the perineum and in- created by the parents jointly and isnot developed
guinal region, sometimes of the axillae and be- from preexisting cells. 2. The Harveian theory
neath the breasts in women, and frequently that the embryo is built up gradually by the ad-
also of the toes and feet, due to infection with dition of one part after another in a definite se-
a species of epidermophyton. quence; opposed to the theory of evolution. 3. The
epidermo'sls. A skin disease affecting chiefliy or growth and differentiation of a single ovum, 4.
exclusively the epidermis. A new symptom, not antagonistic tothose already
epidid'yxnal. Relating to the epididymis. present, developing in the course of a disease.
epididymec'tomy [G. ektome, excision.] Operative epigenetic (ep"i-jen-et'ik) , Relating to epigenesis
removal of the epididymis. in any sense.
epidid'ymis, gen. epididym'idis [G. epi, upon, -H epiglottid'ean. Relating to the epiglottis.
didymos, twin (testis).] The first, convoluted, epiglottiditis (ep-i-glot-id-i'(e')tis). Inflammation
portion of the excretory duct of the testis, of the epiglottis, epiglottitis.
passing from above downward along the pos- epiglot'tis [G. epi, upon, -|- glottis, the opening
terior border of this gland; at the lower extremity into the larynx.] [BNA]. A
saddle-shaped
of the testis it turns upward and gradually plate of cartilage, covered with mucous mem-
merges into the ductus deferens; the first portion brane, at the r6ot of the tongue, which folds
is called the head (caput) or globus major, the back over the aperture of the larynx, closing it,
lower end the tail (cauda) or globus minor. during the act of swallowing, cush'ion of the e.,
epididyinitis(ep-i(-did-i-mi'(me')tis). Inflammation tuberculum epiglotticum. depres'sor of the e.,
of the epididymis. fibers of the musculus thyreoepiglotticus
epididy mo-orchitis (e p - 1 -did-i-mo-or-ki' (ke') tis) attached to the epiglottis, fre'num of the e.,
Simultaneous infiaijimation of both epididymis one of the glosso-epiglottic ligaments, or
and testis. mucous-membrane folds passing from the tongue
epididymotomy (ep"i[-did-i(-mot'o-m!() [epididymis to the epiglottis.
+ G. tome, a cutting.] Incision into the epi- epiglottitis (ep-i-glot-i'(e')tis). Epiglottiditis.
didymis, usually for the relief of pain and ten- epig'nathus [G. epi, upon, -|- gnathos, jaw.] An
sion in epididymitis. incomplete parasitic monster attached to the
epididymovasostomy (ep-!(-did")(-mo-vas-os'to-mi() mandible of the autosite.
The formation of an anastomosis between the epiguanin (Sp'J-gwan-in). A purin body, CioHis-
epididymis and the vas deferens in case of an N9O, found sometimes in the urine; it resembles
obstruction in the latter. guanin in its properties.
epidu'rol. Upon the dura mater. epigynous (S-pij'i-nus) [G. epi, upon, -|- gyne,
epifascial (ep-i-fash'al) [G. epi, upon, + fascia.] woman.] Noting a flower the various parts of
Upon the surface of a fascia, noting a method of which are inserted on the top of the ovary.
injection of salvarsan, mercury, etc., in which epihyal (ep-S-hi'al). Relating to the hyoid arch. e.
the solution is deposited upon the fascia lata in- bone, an ossified e. ligament, e. lig'ament, a liga-
stead of into the substance of the gluteal muscle. ment extending from the styloid process of the
epifolliculitis (ep-i-fol-ik-u-li'(le')tis) [G. epi, upon, temporal bone to the lesser cornu of the hyoid
+ 'L.folliculus, iollicle, + G. -itis.] Folliculitis. bone.
epigse'a [G. epi, upon, + gaia, ge, earth.] The epihy'oid. Upon the hyoid bone, noting certain
leaves of Epigcea repens or trailing arbutus or accessory thyroid glands lying above the genio-
mayflower; diuretic, like uva ursi, in doses of hyoid muscle.
5i— I (2.0—4.0) of a fluidextract. epilamell'ar. Upon or above a basement mem-
epigamous (£-pig'am-us) [G. epi, after, over and brane.
above, + gamos, marriage.] Noting the theory epilate (ep'i-lat) [L. e, out, +
pilus, a hair.] To ex-
that the sex of the individual is determined by tract a hair; to remove the hair from a part by
external factors acting upon the embryo during forcible extraction, electrolysis, or loosening at
its period of development; see progamous and the root by chemical means; depilate.
syngamous. epila'tion. Pulling out the hairs, depilation.
epigas'ter [G. epi, upon, -|- gaster, belly.] The epil'atory. Depilatory.
hind-gut, the primitiye large intestine. epilem'ma [G. epi, upon, + lemma, husk.] The
epigastral'gia [epigastrium + G. algos, pain.] Pain neurilemma of the terminal nerve fibrils.
in the epigastric region. epilepidoma (ep-i-lep-I-do'mah) [G. epi, upon, -|-
epigas'tiic. Relating to the epigastrium, a. f oss'a, lepisQepid-), rind, 4- -oma.] A tumor due to
(i) urachal fossa;* (2) the depression at the hyperplasia of tissue derived from the true epi-
epigastrium at the tip of the xiphoid cartilage blast. atyp'ical e., squamous epithelioma,
of the sternum, e. re'gion, see under abdominal. dermal glandular carcinoma, typ'ical e., dermal
e. voice, the delusion of a voice proceeding from papilloma or adenoma.
the epigastrium. epilep'sia [G.] Kpilepsy. e. gra'vior, haut mal,
epigas'trium [G. epigastrion.] The epigastric region, typical epilepsy with well marked convulsions.
pit of the stomach, scrobiculus cordis; the upper e. larva'ta, latent epilepsy, e. mit'ior, petit mal,
central region of the abdomen, see cut under ab- abortive epilepsy, latent epilepsy, e. tardi'va,
dominal. delayed epilepsy.
epigas'trius, A twin monster, the parasite being epilepsy (ep'it-lep-sK) [G. epillpsia.] A chronic
small and incomplete and attached to the auto- functional nervous disorder, characterized by
site in the epigastric region. attacks of unconsciousness or convulsions or
 — . .

PILEPSY 329 EPIPHYSIS

both, and usually associated in the later stages ep'inasty [G. epi, upon, -1- nastos, pressed close.]
with mental disturbance, abor'tive o., petit In botany, noting a condition of more vigorous
mal, a form in which the attacks are ot very short growth on the upper than on the under surface,
duration, sometimes only three or four seconds. causing a downward ciu'vature.
accel'erative e., procursive e. cor'tical o., epineph'rin [G. epinepkros.] Trade name of a prep-
Jacksonian e., focal e. delayed e., e. coming on aration of the suprarenal gland; astringent and
at puberty or later, even at the other extreme of hemostatic, e. hy'drate, adrin.
sexual life, fo'cal e., cortical e., Jacksonian c. epinephritis (ep-il-n6-fri'(fre')tis) [G. epi, upon, +
idiopath'ic e., typical c. occurring without any nephros, kidney, -I- -itis.'\ Inflammation of the
evident cause. Jackso'nian e., cortical or suprarenal gland.
focal symptomatic e. in which the convulsions epinephro'ma [G. epi, upon, + nephros, kidney, -t-
are not general, but confined more or less strictly -6ma.} Hypernephroma.
to certain groups of muscles, laryn'geal e., epineph'ros [G. epi, upon, -f nephros, kidney.]
laryngeal vertigo, la'tent e., masked e., Suprarenal gland.
petit mal, a form in which the attack is of short epineural (ep-I-nu'ral). On a neural arch.
dviration, with very slight convulsive mo\e- epineurial (ep-I-nu'rl-al). Relating to the epi-
ments. matu'tinal e., a form in which the neurium.
attack occurs in the morning when the patient epineurium (ep-I-nu'ri-um) [G. epi, upon, -f- neuron,
awakes, myoc'lonus c, a form associated nerve.] The connective tissue surrounding a
with degenerative myoclonia, noctur'nal e., nerve-trunk and binding together the funiculi; it
cL form in which the attacks occur during sleep, contains the blood-vessels and lymphatics and
often unknown to the patient or made evident usually more or less fat.
later only by the bitten tongue, periph'eral e., ep'inine. Trade name of a synthetic drug, dihy-
reflex e. pleu'ral e., convulsions following irri- droxyphenylethylmethylamine, said to possess
gation of the pleural cavity, procur'sive e., a the physiological action of suprarenal extract.
form in which a minor attack (petit mal) is epionychium (ep-I-6-nik'J-um). Eponychium.
marked by the patient turning around two or ep'iosin. A colorless
crystalline powder, CijHjjNj;
three times, or running a short distance, psy'- hypnotic in doses of gr. i-i^ (0.06-0.1).
chic e., (i) the occurrence of attacks of maniacal epio'tic [G. epi,upon, -t- ous(dt^), ear.] Above
excitement, coming on alone or following minor the ear, noting a bone in certain animals, and also
attacks (petit mal); (2) somnambulic e. (3) a mastoid center of ossification.
epileptoid convulsions of a purely mental origin epipas'tic[G. epipasso, I sprinkle over.] Noting
epilepsy due to suggestion or psychic contagion. a dusting powder.
re'flex e., a form in which the attacks are excited epiphanin reaction or test (S-pif 'an-in re-ak'shun)
by some peripheral irritation, ret'inal e., a mild For the serodiagnosis of syphilis; o. i c.c. of an
form in which the most striking symptom is a alcoholic extract of syphilitic fetal liver is mixed
temporary blindness, sen'sory e., thalamic e. with an equal quantity of a 10 % solution of the
sleep e., narcolepsy, somnam'bulic e., petit mal, suspected serum in physiological salt solution,
followed by a state resembling somnambulism and to the mixture are added i c.c. of deci-
in which the patient performs complicated acts normal sulphuric acid and an equal amount of
naturally and well but of which he has no sub- an equivalent solution of barium hydroxide;
sequent remembrance, spi'nal c, convulsions this mixture will turn red on the addition of a
occurring in the course of lateral spinal sclerosis. drop of phenolphthalein solution if the seruna is
Bymptomat'ic e., a form of e. due to obvious from a syphilitic person.
brain disease; Jacksonian e. tar'dy e., delayed epiphar'ynx [G. epi, on, over, + pharynx.'] Rhino-
e. thalam'ic e., sensory e., attacks of temporary
pharynx.
mental disturbance marked by delusions of epiphenoxn'enon [G. epi, upon, + phainomenon,
sensation. phenomenon.] A symptom appearing during the
pilep'tic. I. Relating to or suffering from epilepsy course of a disease, which is not of usual occurrence
2. A
sufferer from epilepsy. and not necessarily associated with the disease.
epiph'ora [G. a defluxion.] Watery eye, an over-
pilepticoccus (ep-i-lep-t J-kok'us) . The spore form
flow of tears upon the cheek, due to narrowing
of Bacillus epilepticus.
pUep'tiform [G. epilepsis, epilepsy, 4- L. forma, of any part of the tear-conducting apparatus, or
form.] Epileptoid. to an excessive secretion of tears.
pileptogenic, epUeptogenous (ep-Hep-to-jen'ik, epiphylaxis (ep-i-fi-laks'is) [G. epi, upon, -|-
ep-I-lep-toj'en-us) [G. epilepsis, epilepsy, -I- phylaxis, protection.] Reinforcement of nor-
gennao, I produce.] Causing epilepsy. mal phylaxis; increase of the protective powers
pileptoid (ep-i-lep'toyd) [G. epilepsis, epilepsy, + of the blood and other fluids.
epiphyseal, epiphysial (ep-J-fiz'i-al) Relating to
eidos, resemblance.] I. Resembling epilepsy,
epileptiform; noting certain convulsions, espe- an epiphysis.
2. An epileptic epiphyseolysis (ep-I-fiz-e-ol'i-sis) [G. lysis, loosening.]
cially of hysterical nature.
Loosening or separation of an epiphysis from the
degenerate.
shaft of a bone.
pimandib'ular [G. epi, upon, -1- L. mandibulum,
mandible.] Upon the lower jaw. epiphyseopathy (ep-!(-fiz-e-op'a.-thi[) [G. epiphysis +
upon, + meris, part.] The pathos, suffering. ] Any disorder of an epiphysis,
pime'rite [G. epi,
either that of the long bones or of the cerebrum
attaching organ of a cephalont.
+ mys, mouse.] (the pineal gland)
;pimys (epl-mis) [G. epi, upon,
and mice of the family epiph'ysis [G. epi, upon, + physis, growth.] j..
Mus, a genus of rats
E. norvegicus (Mus decumanus) is the
[BNA]. Apart of a long bone developed from a
Muridce.
center of ossification distinct from that of the
common ship or sewer rat; E. rattus is the
shaft and separated at first from the latter by a
plague rat of India.
layer of cartilage. 2. The pineal body or co-
pimysium (ep-I-miz'I-um) [G.,,epi, upon, + mys,
a narium, corpus* pineale [BNA]. e. cer'ebri,
muscle.] The fibrous envelope surrounding
epiphysis (2).
'

secondary bundle of muscular tissue.

 ;

EPIPHYSITIS 33a EPITHELIOLYSIN

epiphysitis (ep-l"fl-si'(se')tis). Inflammation of an episiotomy (S-pis-i-ot'o-ml) [G. episeion, pudenda,

epiphysis. + tome, incision.] Nicking the vulva on one
epiphyte (ep'l-fit) [G. epi, upon, +
phyion, plant.] side, when laceration of the perineum is im-
1. A
plant growing upon another, but not para- minent during labor, in order to direct the tear
sitic, i.e. not nourished by the plant upon which it to the side.
grows. 2. A parasitic fungus on the skin. epispadia (ep-5-spa'di-ah) Epispadias.
.

epipi'al. On the pia mater. epispad'ial. Relating to an epispadias.

epiplocele (S-pip'lo-sel) [G. epiploon, omentum, -f-
epispadias (ep-!-spad'J-as) [G. epi, upon, -|-
kSle, hernia.] Hernia of the omentum. spadon, a rent.] A
malformation of the penis
epiplo'ic. Omental, relating to the epiploon, or in which the urethra opens on the dorsum.
omentum. epispas'tic [G. epi, upon, + spao, I draw.] i.
epiploitis(ep-I-plo-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the
Drawing (as a blister), vesicating. :^. An agent
epiploon, or great omentum.
which blisters, or causes vesication.
epiplomerocele (ep'1-plo-me'ro-sel) [G. epiploon,
epispi'nal [G. epi, upon, + spine.'] Upon the spinal
omentum, + meros, thigh, + kele, hernia.] A
column or spinal cord, 6r upon any structure
femoral hernia containing omentum.
resembling a spine.
epiplomphalocele (ep-l-plom'fal-o-sel) [G. epiploon,
omentum, + omphalos, umbilicus + kele, hernia.] episplenitis (ep-I-splen-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of

An umbilical hernia containing omentum. the capsule of the spleen.

epiploon (ep-ip'lo-on) [G.] Omentum, specifically epis'tasis [G. scum.] Scum; a pellicle forming on
the great omentum. the surface of urine after it has stood for a time
epip'lopexy [G. epiploon, omentum, + pexis, fixa- see hypostasis.
tion.] Suture of the great omentum to the parie- epistasy (S-pis'ta-si) [G. epi, upon, -|- stasis,
tal peritoneum as a means of removing ascitic position. ] In Mendelian heredity the hiding of
fluid, in cirrhosis of the liver, by establishing a one character by another superposed upon it,
collateral circiilation Talma's operation.
; the two not being allelomorphs.
epiplor'rhaphy [G. epiploon, omentum, -I- rhaphe, epistatic (ep-i-stat'ik) [G. epi, upon, + states,
stitching.] Epiplopexy. standing.] In Mendelian heredity, noting
epiploscheocele (ep-i-plos'ke-o-sel) [G. epiploon, one character which is superposed upon another,
omentum, + oscheon, scrotum, -t- kele, hernia.] preventing or hiding its appearance, although
Scrotal hernia containing omentum. the two are not allelomorphs.
epipter'ic[G. epi, at, near, -I- pterion.'\ In the epistaz'is [G. a dropping.] Nosebleed, re'nal c,
neighborhood of the pterion. e. bones, Wormian hematuria occurring without evidence of any
bones near the pterion. lesion, angioneurotic hematuria, renal hemo-
epipy'gus [G. epi, upon, -f- pyge, buttocks.] A • philia.
twin monster in which the incomplete parasite is epistemological (ep"is-te-mo-loj1-kal). Relating to
attached to the buttock of the autosite. epistemology.
episar'cin. A purin base having the formula, epistemology (ep-is-te-mol'-o-jJ) [G. episteme,
CjH.NjO. knowledge, -|- -ology.] The theory of knowl-
episcle'ra [G. epi, upon, + hard.]
skleros,The edge; the science dealing with knowledge as an
connective tissue between the sclera and the entity.
conjunctiva. epister'nal[G. epi, upon, + sternon, sternum.]
episcle'ral. ±. Upon the sclerotic coat of the eye. Suprasternal, over or on the sternum; relating to
2. Relating to the episclera. the epistemum.
episcleritis (ep-e-skle-ri'(re')tis) [G. epi, upon.] epister'num [G. epi, upon, -f sternon, sternum.]
Inflammation of the episcleral or subconjunctival The upper piece of the sternum, or manubrium;
connective tissue. presternum.
episioclisia (S-pis-I-o-kli'sI-ah) [G. episeion, pudenda, epistropheus (ep-1-stro'fe-us) [G. pivot.] [BNA.]
-t- kleisis, closure.] Operative occlusion of the Axis, the second cervical vertebra.
vulva. epite'la [G. epi, upon, -I- L. tela, web.] The tissue
episioelytrorrhaphy (S-pis"I-o-el-I-tror'ra-fl) [G. of the valve of Vieussens.
episeion, pudenda, -f elytron, vagina, + rhaphe, epitendineum (ep"I-ten-din'e-uin) [G.] epi, upon.]
stitching.] Narrowing the vulva and vagina by The white fibrous sheath surrounding a tendon.
suturing a longitudinal fold in the canal, in order epitenon (S-pit'S-non) [G. epi, upon, + tenon,
to give better support to the uterus in cases of a tendon.] Epitendineum.
tendency to prolapse. epitharamus [G. epi, upon, + thalamos, thalamus.]
episiohemato'ma, episiohaamato'ma [G. episeion, [BNA]. The portion of the thalamencephalon
pudenda, -1- haima(haimat-), blood, + -onia.] comprising the pineal body and the habenular
An hematocele of the vulva. region.
epis"ioperineor'rhaphy [G. episeion, pudenda, -t- epithe'lia [pi. of epithelium.'] i. Epithelial cells.

perinaion, perineum, + rhaphe, a stitching.] 2. Epithelial layers.

Repair of a ruptured perineum and lacerated epithe'liah Relating to or consisting of epithelium.
vulva. e. body, parathyroid, e. cells, e. layeis, see epi-
epis'ioplasty [G. episeion, pudenda, -f plasso, I thelium, e. nests, (i) e. pearls; (2) Brunn's*
form.] Repair of a defect of the vulva by means nests, e. pearls, small bodies formed of concen-
of a plastic operation. trically arranged, flattened, keratinized cells,
episiorrha'gia [G. episeion, pudenda, + rhagia.] found in epitheliomatous growths.
Hemorrhage from the vulva. eplthe"lioglaii'duIar. Relating to glandular epithe-
episiorrhaphy (&-pis-l-oT'T&-&) [G. episeion, pu- lium,
denda, + rhaphe, a stitching.] Repair of a epithelioid (ep-l-the'll-oyd) [G. eidos, resemblance.]
lacerated vulva. Resembling epithelium.
episiostenosis (6-pis"ll-o-st6-no'sis) [G. episeion, epitheliolysin (ep-I-the-U-ol'i-sin). A specific lysin,
pudenda, + stenosis, narrowing.] Narrowing of or dissolving principle, in blood serum, acting
the vulvar orifice. upon epithelial cells; it destroys the cells of an
 —
EPITHELIOLYSII 331 EPULOSig

animal of the same species as the one from which epitrochlea (ep-l-trok'le-ah). The inner condyle
the epithelial cells, acting as antigen, were derived. (epicondylus medialis [BNA]) of the humerus.
epitheliolyt'ic. Relating to or acting as an epithe- epitrochlear (ep-i-trok'le-ar). Relating to the epi-,
liolysin. trochlea.
epithelio'ma, pi. epithelio'mata, epiihelio'mas [L.
epitympan'ic. Above, or in the upper part of, the
epithelium + G. -oma.'] Acancerous growth tympanum.
originating from squamous epithelium, ba'sal-
epitym'panum. The upper part of the tympanum,
cell e., rodent ulcer.* e. adamanti'num, ada-
or attic.
mantinoma, c. adenoi'des cys'ticum, spir-
adenoma. e. mollus'cum, moUuscum epithe- epityphlitis (ep-I-tl-fii'(fle')tis) [G. epi, upon, -I-

liale. e. myxomato'des psammo'sum, a myxoma

typhlon, cecum, +
-Ms.] Inflammation of the
of the brain containing granular matter,
vermiform appendix, appendicitis; perityphli-
mul'-
tis.
tiplebenign' cys'tic e., spiradenoma.
epithelio'matous . Relating to epithelioma. epityphlon (ep-i-ti'flon)[ G. epi, upon, + typhlon
cecum.] Vermiform appendix, processus vermi-
epitheliosis (ep-x-the-li-o'sis) . A
trachoma-like
formis [BNA].
proliferation of the epithelium of the conjunc-
tiva, noted in Paul's reaction, and occurring cplzo'ic. Living as a parasite on the surface of ths
endemically in certain islands of the Pacificocean. body.
epizoology (ep-l-zo-ol'o-jl) [G. epi, upon, -I- zoon,
animal, -t logia.] The science which deals with
epidemics of disease among the lower animals.
epizoon, pi. epizoa (ep-i-zo'on, ep-i-zo'ah) [G. epi,
upon, -I- zoon, animal.] An animal parasite on
the surface of the body.
epizootic (ep"i-zo-ot'ik) [G. epi, upon, zoon, ani- +
mal.] I. Noting a disease attacking a large
number of animals simultaneously. 3. The
prevalence of a disease among animals, the same
Stratified Epithelium. as an epidemic among men. e. cerebrospi'nal men-
a disease of horses and mules, occurring
ingi'tis,
epithelium (ep-j-the'H-um) [G. epi, upon, + thele, at times in epidemic form, of undetermined
nipple, a term applied originally to the thin cause; it is marked by a staggering gait, diffi-
skin covering the nipples and the papillary culty in swallowing, certain muscular contrac-
layer of the border of the lips.] [BNA]. tions, and delirium.
The purely cellular, nonvascular layer covering eponychium (ep-o-nik'K-um) [G. epi, upon, -|- onyx
all the free surfaces, cutaneous, mucous and (pnych-), nail.] 1. The condensed epidermis
serous, including the glands and other structures preceding the-formation of the nail in the embryo.
derived therefrom, cil'iated e., e. of columna 2. Quick of the nail. 3. The thin skin adlierent
cells the free borders of which are surmounted to the nail at its root ; nail-skin.
by tapering filaments, or cilia; it is found in the ep'onym eponymos, named after.] The name of
[G.
air-passages, colum'nar e., e. formed of pris- a disease, anatomical structure, operation, etc.,
matic cells set close together, ger'minal e., a derived from the name of the person who dis-
layer of epithelial cells on each side of the mesen- covered or first described it.
tery of the primitive intestinal tube, forming eponym'ic. i. Relating to an eponym. a. An

later the primitive sperm cells in the male, and in eponym.

the female forming a layer of large cuboidal epon'ymous. Eponymic.
cellsover the ovary, lam'inated e., stratified e. epo"ophorec'tomy [G. epi, upon, + oophoros, bearing
pave'ment e., simple e., compound of a single eggs, -I- ektomS, excision.] Removal of the
layer of squamous or scaly cells; the e. of parovarium.
the pulmonary alveoli and the endothelium epoophorou (ep-o-of'or-on) [G. epi, upon, +
of serous membranes and of the blood-vessels oophoros, egg-bearing.] [BNA]. Parovarium,
are of this variety, strat'ified e., e. occurring organ of Rosenmiiller, a collection of rudimen-
in the form of several superposed layers, the tary tubules in the mesosalpinx between the
cells differing in shape in the different layers. ovary and the Fallopian tube; it is the remains
tess'ellated e., pavement e. with overlapping of the proximal portion of the Wolffian body and
squamous cells., transi'tional e., stratified e. the analogue of the paradidymis in the male.
of two or three layers, each of which is formed
Ep'pendorf's bacil'Ius. The supposed specific or-
by a transformation of the cells from the layer ganism of whooping-cough.
below; it occurs in the renal pelvis, ureter, Ep'som salt [Epsom, a town near London where is a
mineral spring.] Magnesium sulphate, the chief
and bladder.
epithelization (ep-I-the-li-za'shun). The formation mineral ingredient of the Epsom water.
Ep'stein's pearls [Alois Epstein, German pediatrist
of epithelium over a denuded surface.
An external of Prague, *i849.] Little whitish epithelial
ep'ithem [G. epithema, a cover.]
application, such as a poultice, but not a plaster masses on the palate of the newborn.
Epstein-Pihl disease' (ep'stm-pel). Leucemia with
or ointment.
A splint. intermittent symptoms.
epith'esjs [G. a laying on.]
Abnormally tense. epu'lis [G. epoulis, a gumboil.] A small tumor of
epiton'ic [G. epitonos, stretched.]
A toxoid having a weaker affinity for the gum or of the periosteum of the jaw, usually
epitox'oid.
either a fibrous tumor or a sarcoma.
an antitoxin than has the toxin; a toxon.
Relating to the epitrich- ep'uloid [G. epoulis, gumboil, + eidos, resemblance.]
epitrichial (ep-I-trik'I-al).
I. Resembling an epulis. 2 A tvraior of the gum
ium.
(ep-I-trik'I-um) [G. epi,- upon, + or jaw resembling an epulis.
epitrichium Cicatriza-
epulo'sls [G. epoulSsis, a scarring over.]
trichion, a small hair.] A membrane or outer
tion.
layer of epidermis enveloping the embryo.
 ;

EPULOTIC 332 ERECTOR

epulot'ic. 1. Cicatrizing. 2. An agent which equal in size, weight, force, or any other quality
promotes cicatrization. to something else, chem'ical e. of an element,
equation (e-kwa'zhun) [L. eequare, to make equal.] the atomic weight of an element divided by its
Equality; a statement expressing the equality of valence, or the weight of an element capable of
two things, chemical e., a sentence in chemical combining with a unit weight of hydrogen.
language, a sequence of symbols and signs epilep'tic e., a morbid symptom of any sort, other
expressing a chemical action, e.-divis'ion, than convulsions, which takes the place of the
nuclear division in which each chromosome latter in an epileptic attack, e. weight, chemical

divides equally, per'sonal e., a. slight error in e. Joule's e., see Joule, psy'chic e., a transitory
judgment or action, peculiar to the individual mental obscuration manifested by amnesia, or
and so constant that it is usually possible to fugue, sleep-walking, or the like, taking the place
allow for it in accepting the person's statements of an ordinary 'epileptic or hysterical attack.
or conclusions, thus arriving at approximate starch e., the amount of oxygen consumed in the
exactness. combustion of a given weight of fat as compared
equa'tor [L. (Equator^ A line encircling a globular with that consumed in the combustion of an
body, equidistant at all points from the two poles equal weight of starch; the figure is about 2 .38,
the periphery of a plane cutting a sphere at the that for starch being one. tox'ic e., the amount
midpoint of, and at right angles to, its axis. e. of toxin or other poison per kilogram of weight
of the crys'talline lens, the edge or periphery of necessary to kill an animal.
the lens inserted between the two layers of the Er. The chemical symbol of erbium, also written
zonula ciliaris. o. of the eyeball, an imaginary simply E.
line encircling the globe of the eye equidistant E.R. Abbreviation of external resistance, -or the
from the two poles. electrical resistance in the circuit outside the
equiazlal. Having axes of equal length. battery.
equil'ibrate. To maintain an equilibrium, to bal- erasion (e-ra'zhun) [L. eradere, to erase.] The
ance exactly. scraping away of'tissue, especially of bone.
equil'ibrating opera'tion. Tenotomy of the healthy Erb's at'rophy [Wilhelm Heinrich Erb, German
antagonist of a paralyzed eye-muscle. physician, *r840.] Progressive muscular dys-
equilibra'tion [L. csquus, even, + librare, to balance.] trophy.* E.'s disease', bulbar paralysis. E.'s
Equilibrium; maintenance of equilibrium. ju'venile type, progressive muscular dystrophy
equilibrium (ek"wi-lib'ri-um) [L. aquus, equal, -H of childhood, beginning in the scapulo-humeral
libra, a balance.] Poise, the condition of being region. E.'s pal'sy or paral'ysis, paralysis of the
evenly balanced in a state of repose between two
; muscles of the upper arm (deltoid, biceps, bra-
or more antagonistic forces which exactly counter- chialis anterior, etc.), due to a lesion of the
act each other, mtrog'enous e., a condition in brachial plexus or of the roots of the fifth and
which the amount of nitrogen excreted from the sixth cervical nerves. E.'s point, a point on the
body equals that taken in with the food; nutri- side of the neck where pressure can be made on
tive e. so far as protein is concerned, nu'tri- the brachial plexus, giving rise to E. 's paralysis.
tive e., condition in which there is a perfect bal- E.'s sign, (i) increased electric excitability of the
ance between intake and excretion of nutritive muscles to the galvanic current, and frequently to
material, so that there is no increase or loss in the faradic, in tetany; (2) Westphal's sign, aboli-
weight, physiolog'ical e., nutritive e. tion of the patellar reflex in tabes. E.'sspi'nal
equimolecular (ek-wi-mo-lek'u-lar) [L. aquus, paral'ysis, chronic myelitis of syphilitic origin.
equal, -|- molecula, a minute mass.] Containing Erb-Charcot disease' (erb-shar-ko') Spastic spinal
.

an equal number of molecules, referring for paralysis.

example to two or more solutions. Erb-Gold'fiam disease'. Myasthenia gravis.
equina'tion [L. equinus, relating to equus, a horse.] Erb-'West'phal sign. Abolition of the patellar ten-
Inoculation of man with the virus of horsepox, don reflex, in tabes and certain other diseases of the
as a means of protection against smallpox. spinal cord, and occasionally also in brain disease.
equinia (6-kwin'I-ah) [L. equinus, relating to a horse.] Er'ben's phenom'enon [Siegmund Erben, Viennese
An infectious disease of horses and related animals, physician, *i863.] i. In a case of neurasthenia,
affecting also man. It is characterized by a if the patient squats or stands bent far over,

formation of infective granulomata in the mucous several slow heart-beats occur. 2. The local
membrane and skin; when the process involves temperature of the knee on the painful side is
chiefly the nose, resulting in a profuse muco- reduced in sciatica. 3. Pain in sciatica is in-
purulent and sanguineous discharge, the disease creased by hyperflexion of the sound leg.
is called glanders; when the lesions are mainly in er'bium. A rare metallic element, sjTnbol E, or
the skin it is called farcy. In both cases the Er, atomic weight 167.4, found, usually as a
lesions suppurate and break down; the con- silicate, with terbium and yttrium in gadolinite.
stitutional symptoms are severe, and death is the Erd'mann's rea'gent [H. Erdmann, German chemist,
usual result. *i862.] A mixture of svilphuric and nitric acids,
equinovarus (S-kwi-no-va'rus). The most common used in testing alkaloids.
form of club-foot; see talipes. erectile (e-rek'til) [L. erigere, to set up.] Capable of
E'quinox Spring, Vermont. Light alkaline-calcic erection, noting a vascular tissue, found in the
waters. Used by drinking in rheumatism, gout, nasal cavities, the penis, and elsewhere, which,
dyspepsia, and in disorders attributed to the uric- when filled with blood, becomes swollen and more
acid 'diathesis'. or less rigid.
equiv'alence, equiv'alency [L. tequus, equal, + erection (e-rek'shun). The condition of erectile
valeniia, strength.] i. The property of an ele- tissue when filled with blood, which then becomes
ment or radical of combining with or displacing, hard and unyielding, noting especially this state
in definite and fixed proportion, another element of the external genital organs.
or radical in a compound. ^. Valence. erec'tor [L.] ' One who or that which raises or makes
equiv'alent [L. equus, equal, -f- valere, to be worth.] erect, noting specifically certain muscles having
I. Equal in any respect. 2. Something which is such action; see under musculus.
REMACAUSIS 333 ERGOTOL
emacausis (e-rem-a-kaw'sis) [G. erema, by degrees,
+ kausis, a burning.] Slow combustion or
ergom'eter [G. ergon, work, + metron, measure.]
Dynamometer.
oxidation. er'gone. Trade name of a preparation of ergot.
emiopho'bia [G. eremia, stillness, + phobos, fear.]
ergophobia (iu--go-fo'bi-ah) [G. ergon, labor, -f-
Morbid fears aroused by stillness or absence of phobos, fear.] An abnormal aversion to work;
noise.
ergasiophobia.
emophobia (er"e-mo-fo'bI-ah) [G. eremos, a ergophore (ur'go-for) [G. ergon, work, -I- phoreo,
wilderness, +
phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of des- I carry.] Noting the atom group of the antigen
ert places or of solitude.
or antibody molecule upon which its specific
-ep'sin [G. ereptomai, I feed upon.] An enzyme action (toxic, lytic, etc.) depends; opposed
(protease) in the small intestine which converts
to the haptophore or combining group.
peptones into simpler products.
ethism (er'e-thizm) [G. ereihismos, irritation.] An
abnormal state of excitement or irritation, either
general or local.
rethis'mic, erethis'tic, erethit'ic. Marked by or
causing erethism; excited, irritable, e. shock, a
condition in which symptoms of irritation are
combined with those of coapse.
reuthophobia (er"u-tho-fo'bI-ah) [G. ereuthos,
blushing, + phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of
blushing. ,
g ("fg)
[G-- ergon, work.] The unit of work in the
decimal system, the amount of work done by i
dyne acting through i centimeter.
-gamine (ur'gam-en) [G. ergon, work, + amine.]
Trade name of beta-iminazolylethylamine, a
depressor substance prepared synthetically from
histidiu, recommended as a, uterine tonic and
hemostatic in metrorrhagia. Mosso's Ergograph: The semiflexed forearm is fixed
in a^ support, the hand being steadied by cylinders
gasiomania (ur-gas-l-o-ma'ni-ah) [G. ergasia, labor, holding the second and fourth fingers; to the ring
+ mania, enthusiasm, frenzy.] A frenzy for encircling the second phalanx of the middle finger is
work of any sort. attached a weight; the rapidity and force of the
finger flexion are recorded by the style shown near the
'gasiophobia (ur-gas-i-o-fo'bl-ah) [G. ergasia, labor, pulley.
+ phobos, fear.] i An aversion to work of any
.

kind. 2. Morbid fear of a surgical operation. er'gostat [G. ergon, work, +

statos, standing, placed.]
rgasthenia (ur-gas-the'ni-ah) [G. ergon, work, + Aform of machine for exercising the muscles.
astheneia, weakness, disease.] Debility or any ergot (ur'got). i. Ergota. 2. Calcar avis.
morbid symptoms due to overwork. ergo'ta (U.S. and Br.). Secale comutum or clava-
gastoplasm, ergastoplasma (ur-gas'to-plazm, ur- tum, spurred rye, rye smut, the sclerotium of .

gas-to-plaz'mah) [G. ergaster, a workman, + Claviceps purpurea; a homy, elongated, blackish-

plasma, plasm.] Cytoplasm permeated with ex- purple mass of peculiar disagreeable odor, which
tranuclear chromatin-staining material, credited replaces the grain of rye (Secale cereale) attacked
with higher value or power than ordinary cell- by this fungus; it causes contraction of the
plasma; superior protoplasm, kinoplasm. muscular coat of the arteries, raising blood
gin (ur'jin) [G. ergo, I do work.] A hypothetical pressure, and contraction of the uterine muscle.
substance in the blood or tissue fluids upon the ergotherapy (ur-go-ther'S-pi) [G. ergon, work, -I-
union of which with the allergen of the infecting therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by
material, the phenomenon of allergy depends. muscular exercise.
goap'iol. Trade name of a preparation said to ergot'ic acid. Ergotinic acid.
contain ergot, apiol, savin, and aloin, recom- ergotin (ur'go-tin). i. Extractum* ergotse. a.

mended for menstrual disorders in doses of gr. Ergotine (2).

8-1 5 (o.s-i.o). ergotine (ur'go-ten). i. An alkaloid derived from

gochrysin (ur-gok'ri-sin) [ergot + G. chrysos, gold.] ergot. '^. A name given to various extracts of
A yellow substance obtained from ergot without ;
ergot, some liquid, some dried.
physiological action. ergotin'ic acid. Ergotio acid, a light brown amor-
godynam'ograph [G. ergon, work, + dynamis, phous powder, decomposed by the gastric juice,
force, -I- graphs, I write.] An instrument for but actively hemostatic when given by hypo-
recording both the degree of muscular force and dermic injection.
x. A crystalline alkaloid, CjjHjuNjO,,
the value of the work accomplished by muscular ergot'inine.
contraction. obtained from ergot. 2. A yellowish amorphous
goesthesiograph, (ur"go-es-the'zi-o-graf) [G. alkaloid obtained from ergot has been employed
;

ergon, work, -|- aisthesis, sensation, -|- graphs, hypodermically in dose of gr. -j-J^ (o 00025) ^^ ^n .

I record.] An apparatus for recording graphic- oxytocic and hemostatic.

ally muscular aptness as shown in the ability ergot'inol. Trade name of a preparation of ergot
to counterbalance variable resistances. with amnionia.
jograph (ur"go-graf) [G. ergon, work, -I- graphs, ergotism (ur'go-tizm). Poisoning by ergot or by
I write.] An instrument for recording the value meal made from spurred rye.
er'gotized. 1. Noting rye attacked by the clavi-
of work done by muscular contractions.
ceps fungus. 2. Under the therapeutic or toxic
jograph'ic. Relating to the ergograph and the
influence of ergot.
record made by it.

romania (ur"go-ma'nI-ah) [G. ergon, labor, + er'gotol. Trade name of a preparation of ergot
mania, frenzy.] An uncontrollable im.pulsion to recommended for hypodermic use in doses of

unremitting work; ergasiomania. IKS-IS (o-3-i-°)-

 ;

ERGOTOXINE 334 ERYSIPELOID

ergotoz'ine. An alkaloid probably identical with erotopsychic (er-o-to-si'kik) [G. erbsierot-^ love, -f-
cornutine, obtained from ergot, or produced psyche, the mind.] Erotopathic.
during the catabolism of tyrosin. errat'ic [L. errare, to wander.] 1. Eccentric. 2.

Erica'cese [G. ereike, heather,] An order of gamo- Noting pains or other symptoms which change
petalous, dicotyledonous plants, which includes their seat, wandering from one part of the body
the heaths and heathers. to another.
Erichsen's disease' (er'ik-sen) [John Eric Erichsen, errhine (er'in) [G. en, in, + rhis(rhin-), nose.] 1.

London surgeon of Danish birth, 1818— 1896.] Causing a discharge from the nostrils. 2. A
Railway* spine. E.'s lig'ature, a double ligature, sternutatory, an agent which provokes a mucous
used especially for transfixing and tying off nevi, discharge from the nose.
in which one thread is white, the other black or erubes'cence [L. erubescere, to redden.] A
blush, or
colored, so that the corresponding ends may be reddening of the skin.
recognized. E.'s sign, when sudden pressure is erubes'cent. Noting a flushing or reddening of the
made approjtimating the iliac bones, pain is skin.
caused in the case of sacroiliactiisease, butTiot in eructa'tion [L. eructare, to belch.] Belching; the
hip disease. raising of gas or of a small quantity of acid fluid
er'icin. Mesotaii.
from the stomach.
':eiigeroii (er-ij'er-on) [G. early old.]
erigeron,
erupt (e-rupf) [see eruption.l To pierce the gum or
The dried leaves and flowering tops of Lepiilon gum and alveolar process and take its place in
the dental arch (said of a tooth).
canadense (Erigeron canadense), ileabane, mare's-
eruption (e-rup'shun) [L. eruptus; erumpere, to
tail, cow's-tailf eolt's-tail, pride-weed, butter-
break out.] i. A breaking out, especially the
weed, horse-weed, scabious; diaphoretic and
appearance of lesions on the skin. 2. Redness,
expectorant in doses of 5i~i (,^5'°~3°-°) of ^
spotting, or other visible phenomena on the skin
decoction (half-ounce to the pint).
or mucous membranes, especially when appear-
eriodictyon (er"I-o-dik'tI-on) [G. erion, wool, + ing as a local manifestation of a general disease,
dikiyon, net.] (U.S.) The dried leaves of such as typhoid fever or one of the exanthemata.
Eriodictyon californicum {E. glutinosum), yerba .

An eruption is characterized, according to the

santa, mountain balm, consumptive's weed, bear's
nature of the lesion, as bullous, erythematous,
weed, gum-bush, an evergreen shrub of the south-
macular, papular, etc. 3. The passage of a
western states of the U.S.; has been employed
tooth through the alveolar process and gum
as a bitter tonic and expectorant in doses of
(permanent) or the gum only (deciduous) to the
M^i (2.0-4.0) of the fluidextract.
open, cutting of a tooth, creep'ing e., der-
Erlenmeyer's mix'ture (er'len-mi-er) [Erlenmeyer, mamyiasis linearis migrans cestrosa, the occur-
German psychiatrist, *i849.] A
mixture of rence of a progressive pinkish elevated line in the
equal parts of sodium, potassium, and ammonium skin, supposed to be due to the subcutaneous
bromides. wandering of the larva of a bot fly. drug e.,
erode' [L. erodere, to gnaw away.] To wear away: any skin lesion caused by the action of a drug,
corrode to remove
; by iilceration. such as the iodides, taken internally; dermatitis
ero'dium [G. erodios, heron.] The plant, Erodium medicamentosa, medic'inal e., drug e. se'rum
cicutarium, stork's-bill, pin- weed; employed as a e., one caused by the injection of a serum, such
diuretic and in uterine hemorrhage and menor- as diphtheria antitoxin.
rhea in doses of ITE30-40 (2 0-2 .6) of a fluid-
. erup'tive. Relating to an eruption.
extract. erysipelas (er-J-sip'e-las) [G. from erythros, red, +
erogenous (er-oj'en-us). Erotogenic. e. zone, pella, skin.] Rose, St. Anthony's fire; an acute
any part of the body, touching or stimulation of spreading inflammation of the skin and subcu-
which excites the sexual feelings. taneous tissues due to infection of the lymph
erose (e-ros') [L. erosus; erodere, to gnaw away.] spaces of the corium and underlying parts by a
Irregularly notched or indented as if eaten away streptococcus (Streptococcus erysipelatos) or pos-
noting the character of the margin of a leaf or a sibly a staphylococcus; it is attended by more
bacterial colony. or less severe constitutional symptoms, am'-
erosion (e-ro'zhun) [L. e, off, + rodere to gnaw.] A bulant e., e. migrans, e. inter'num, an erysipelat-
wearing away; a state of being worn away. In ous eruption in the vagina, occurring in some
dentistry the wearing away of the surface of a cases of puerperal toxemia, e. mi'grans, ambu-
tooth by chemical action. lant c, wandering e., a widely spreading form
ero'sive. i. Having the property of eroding or involving the entire face, or even the surface of
wearing away. 2. An eroding agent. the body. e. per'stans facie'i, persistent e. of
erot'ic [G. eroiikos, relating to love.] Relating to the face; an eruption resembling e. of the face,
sexual passion; lustful. chronic in character, accompanied by fever
er'otism. A
condition of sexual excitement. and typhoid symptoms, idiopath'ic e., c. oc-
erotogenic (er"o-to-jen'ik) [G. erds(er6t-), love, -I- curring without any evident wound of the skin.
gennao, I produce.] Causing sexual excitement. Lom'bardy e,, pellagra, necrot'ic e., erysipe-
erotomania (er"o-to-ma'nI-ah) [G. eros{erdi-), love, loid, phleg'monous e., a form marked by in-
+ mania, frenzy.] 1. A
mental disorder caused vasion of the subcutaneous tissues, with the
or characterized by excessive and irrational love. formation of deep-seated abscesses, sur'gical e.,
2. Insanity marked by erotism. e. caused by infection of the wound following a
erotoma'niac. A
sufferer from erotomania. surgical operation, wan'dering e., e. migrans.
erot'opath. A
subject of erotopathy. white e., an edematous swelUng of the skin with
erotop'athy [G. eros{erot-), love, -|- pathos, suffer- tenderness on pressure, but no redness, accom-
ing.] Any abnormality of the sexual impulse. panied by fever, zootic e. (zo-ot'ik), erysipe-
erotophobia (er-o-to-fo'bl-ah) [G. erbsieroW), love, loid.
+ phobos, fear., A morbid aversion to the eiysipel'atous. Relating to erysipelas.
thought of sexual love and to its physical ex- erysip"olococc'us. Streptococcus erysipelatos.
pression. erysip'eloid [G. erysipelas +
eidos, resemblance.]
 . ;

ERYSIPELOID 335 ERYTHROCYTORRHEXIS

Erythema migrans or serpens, a mild dermatitis redden.] An eruption of reddish-brown patches,
or erythema caused by infection from dead ani- in the axilla and groins especially, due to the
mal matter; it occurs in butchers, those who presence of a fungus, Microsporon or Micro-
handle fish, and students in the dissecting room. sporoides minutissimum,
erysip"elotox'in. The toxin produced by Strepto- erythremia, erythrsemia (er"I-thre'mi-ah) [G. ery-
coccus erysipelatos, the bacterial cause of ery- thros, red, -f- haima, blood.] Polycythemia rubra,
sipelas. a disease characterized by an increase of the blood-
erythema (er-i-the'mgli) [G. erythema, flush.] Red- corpuscles, especially the red corpuscles, with
ness of the skin; rose-rash, desquam'ative exfo'- cyanosis; polycythemia with erythrosis; poly-
llative e., scarlatiniform e. endem'ic e., pellagra. cythemia vera cum splenomegalia Vaquez's
;

e. ab ig'ne [L. ignis, fire],a dermatitis occurring disease.

in bakers, stokers, and others exposed to radiant er'jrthrin. A chromogen obtained from Roccella
heat; it affects chiefly the shins, e. annula're, e. montagnei and other lichens.
circinatum. e. dose, the minimum amount of erythrism (er'I-thrizm) [G. erythros, red.] Redness
»-rays or other form of radioactivity sufficient of the hair and beard with a ruddy, freckled com-
to produce an erythema, e. circina'tum, e. multi- plexion.
forme in which the lesions are grouped in more or er'ythrite. Erythrol (i).
less circular shapes, e. eleva'tum diu'tinum [L. erythroblast (er'I-thro-blast) [G. erythros, red, -t-

lasting], an eruption of flattened nodules, of a blastos, Small, colorless, nucleated cells

germ.]
pinkish or purplish color, apparently of gouty or in the bone marrow, thought to be primitive
rheuoiatic nature, e. endem'icum, pellagra, e. hematoblasts from which are derived the red
epidem'icum, acrodynia. e. fu'gax, a diffuse e. blood-corpuscles.
of the face, trunk, and extremities occurring in erythroblastoma (er-i-thro-blas-to'mah) [erythro-
erethistic persons during the excitement caused by blast + G. -oma.] A
myeloma in which the
a medical examination, e. gangraeno'sum, neurotic cells resemble megaloblasts.
gangrene, e. gyra'tum, c. circinatum in which the erythroblastosis (er"i-thro-blas-to'sis) [erythro-
various rings overlap each other, e. indura'tum, blast + -osis.] The presence in considerable
hard subcutaneous nodules, which subsequently number of erythroblasts in the blood.
break down, forming necrotic ulcers, seated erythrocatalysis (er"i-thro-kat-al'i-sis) [G. erythros,
usually on the calves of the legs, less frequently red (corpuscle), -I- katalysis, dissolution.] Phago-
on the thighs or arms. e. infectio'sum, Sticker's cytosis of the red blood cells.
disease, an eruption resembling the exanthem of erythrochloropia (er"I-thro-klo-ro'pI-ah) [G. ery-
measles or roetheln without any other symptoms thros, red, 4- chloros, green, +
opsipp-), eye.]
of either of these diseases, e. intertri'go, see Partial color-blindness with ability to distinguish
intertrigo, e. i'ris, a variety of e. multiforme in correctly only red and green.
which the lesions appear in the shape of concen- erythrochlorop'sia [G. erythros, red, -t- chloros,
tric rings, c. kerato'des, keratodermia with an green, +
opsis, vision.] Erythrochloropia.
erythematous border, e. margina'tum, e. multi- erythrochromia (er"i-thro-kro'mi-ah) [G. erythros,
forme occurring in the shape of patches healing in red, +chroma, color.] A
red coloration or
the center as they spread at the periphery, e. staining.
mi'grans, erysipeloid, e. mi'grans lin'guae, geo- erythroclasis (er-i-throk'la-sis) [G. erythros, red
graphical tongue.* e. multifor'me, a symmetrical (cell), -I- klasis, a breaking.] Fragmentation of
eruption of papules or vesicles, usually confined to the red blood-cells.
the back and the dorsal surfaces of the fore,arms erythroclastic (er-I-thro-klas'tik). Relating to ery-
and legs; the lesions are closely aggregated but throclasis destructive to red blood-cells.
;

vary much in size and arrangement, causing erythrocyte (er^-thro-slt) [G. erythros red, -I- kytos,
appearances to which various descriptive names cell.] A red blood-corpuscle.
are given, e. nodo'sum, dermatitis contusifor-
decrease in number, oligocythemia, aglobulia, hypo-
mis, a dermatosis marked by the formation of globulia. degeneration, erythrolysis, erythrocytolysis,
painful nodes, especially on the shins, lasting a erythrocytorrhexis, erythrocytoschisis, crenation. in-
crease in number, polycythemia, hyperglobulia. large,
few days to a few weeks, e. papula'tum, the macrocyte, macroblast, megalocyte, megaloblast.
papular form of e. multiforme, e. per'stans [L. misshapen, pecilocyte, pcecilocyte, poikilocyte, cre-
enduring], a chronic form of e. multiforme in nated cell, rudimentary, erythroblast, hematoblast,
microblast. small, microcyte, microblast.
which the relapses recur so persistently that the
eruption is practically permanent, e. ser'pens,
erysipeloid, e. sim'plex, a transitory eruption of erythrocythemia (er"i-thro-si-the'nli-ah) [G. ery-

irregular patches of a more or less bright red thros, red, -I- kytos, cell, + Ab-
haima, blood.]
color, disappearing on pressure, e. sola're [L. normal increase in the number of red blood-cells
sol, sun], sunburn, e. tubercula'tum, e. multi- polycythemia, erythremia.
forme in which the papules are of large size. erythrocyt'ic.Relating to a red blood-corpuscle.
hemorrhag'ic ex'udative e., Henoch's* purpura. erythrocytoblast (er"I-thro-si'to-blast) [G. erythros,
hypere'mic e., e. of a bright red color, occurring red, + kytos, cell, -f- blastos, germ.] Erythroblast.
erythrocytol'ysin. Hemolysin, anything capable
in patches of varying size, due to vasomotor dis-
turbance, mac'xilar e. , roseola, scarlatin'iform of effecting erythrocytolysis.
exfoliative erjrthrocytolysis (er"I-thro-si-tol'i-sis) [G. erythros,
e., e. scarlatiniforme, desquamative
e., a macular erythema accompanied by slight red, +
kytos, cell, -f- lysis, loosening.] Dissolu-

disturbance, and followed by tion or destruction of the red blood-corpuscles,

constitutional
desquamatiooi with escape of the hemoglobin into the blood-
ery them'atous. Relating to or marked by erythema
plasma hemolysis.
;

A
genus of plants erythrocytom'eter [G. erythros, red, -I- kytos, cell, +
Erythree'a [G. eryihraios, red.]
metron, measure.] An instrument for counting
of the natural order Gentianacece, one species
drug the red blood-cells.
of which, E. centaureum, furnishes the
erythrocytorrhexis (er"I-thro-si-to-reks'is) [G. ery-
centaury.*
[G. erythraino, I thros, red, + kytos, cell, + rhexis, rupture.] Has-
erythrasma (er-i-thraz'mah)
ERYTHROCYTORRHEXIS 336 ESCULIN, ^SCULIN

morrhexis, a partial erythrocytolysis, in which eiythrophleum, erythrophloeum (er'^-thro-fle'um)

particles protoplasm escape from
of the cells [G. erythros, red, -t- Sassy bark;
phloios, bark.]

which become crenated and deformed. the dried bark of Erythrophloeum guineense {E.
erythrocytoschisis (er-K-thro-si-tos'kl-sis) [G. ery- judiciale), mancona bark, red- water tree bark;

ihros, red, + kytos, cell, + schists, a splitting.] cardiac tonic in doses of gr. ^—J (0.01-0.02).
Plasmoschisis, a breaking up of the red blood- eiythropho'bia [G. erythros, red, + phobos, fear.]
corpuscles into small particles resembling plate- Intolerance of the color red, occurring sometimes
lets.
after cataract extraction.
erythrocyto'sis. Polycythemia, erythremia, an in- er'ythrophose. A red phose.*
erythro'pia [G. erythros, red, -I- opsfpp-), eye.] Red
crease in the number of red blood-corpuscles,
vision, a condition in which all objects appear to
usually marked by more or less cyanosis.
Relating to or marked by a be tinged with red.
er"ythrodegen'erative.
erythropoiesis (er-I-thro-poy-e'sis) [G. erythros, red,
degeneration of the red blood-cells.
erythroderma (er'l-thro-dur'mah) [G. erythros, red,
+ poiesis, a making.] The formation of red
blood-cells.
+ derma, skin.] Erythema, erythrodermia. e.
erythropoietic (er'^-thro-poy-et'ik). Relating to
squamo'sum, parapsoriasis, an eruption of licheni- erjrthropoiesis.
form papules, grouped into patches and covered erythroprosopalgia (er"!-thro-pros-o-pal'ji-ah) [G.
with thick scales, maculopap'ular e., an erup-
erythros, red, + prosopon, face, + algos, pain.]
tion of macules and papules of reddish color, with
slightly adherent scales, grouped together in
A neurosis similar to erythromelalgia, but
with the pain and redness occurring in the
patches of varying form because of the prevailing
;
face.
character of the lesions it has been variously red, opsis, vision.]
erythrop'sia [G. erythros, -H
called: dermatitis variegata, lichen variegatus,
Erythropia.
pityriasis lichenodes, etc.
erythrop'sin. Visual purple, rhodo sin.*
erythrodermati'tis. Erythrodermia. erythropycnosis (er"I-thro-pik-no'sis) [G. erythros,
erythrodermia (er"i-thro-dur'mI-ah) [G. erythros, red(corpuscle), -t- pyknos, dense.] Alteration
red, -I- derma, skin.] Erythema, dermatitis with of the red blood cells to the condition called
a general redness of the skin. "brassy bodies," under the influence of the
erythrodex'trin. A modified dextrin which is malarial parasite.
turned red by iodine. erythrorrhexis (er"I-thro-rek'sis) [erythro(cyte) +
erythrogonium, pi. erythrogo'nia (er"l[-thro-go'nI-um) G. rhexis, rupture.] Fragmentation of the red
[erythro(cyte) + G. gong, generation.] Pro- blood-cells.
erythrocyte, hematoblast.* er'ythrose. Tetrose.
erythrogran'ulose. A modified granulose whicli is erythrosis (er-if-thro'sis) [G. erythros, red.] A
reddened by the action of iodine. dark reddish purple coloration of the skin and
er'ythrol. i. Erythrite, eryglucin, a derivative of mucous membranes observed in cases of poly-
erythrin found in lichens. 2. Bismuth and cythemia, or Vaquez's disease.
cinchonidine iodide; antiseptic, e. tetrani'trate, eiythrox'yline. The name by which cocaine was
tetranitrol. called by its discoverer, Gaedeke, in 1855.
erythrorysin. Erjrthrocytolysin, hemolysin. erythrox'ylon. Coca.
erythrorysis. Erythrocytolysis. erythruria (er"l-thru'il-ah) [G. erythros, red, +
erythromelalgia (er"I-thro-mel-al'il-ah) [G. erythros, ouron, urine.] The passage of urine of a red
red, -I- melos, limb, +
algos, pain.] neurosis A color.
marked by a paroxysmal throbbing and burning Esbach's rea'gent (es'bakh) [Georges Hubert Esbach,
pain in the skin, affecting chiefly one or both legs Paris physician, 1843-1890.] Picric acid i,
and feet, sometimes one or both hands, accom- citric acid 2, water 97 used as a test for albumin
;

panied by a dusky mottled redness of the parts; in urine.

it may be idiopathic or symptomatic of some es'calin.Proprietary name for a paste of powdered
organic nervous disease. aluminiun in glycerin, recommended in the treat-
erythrome'lia [G. erythros, red, -I- melos, limb.] A ment of ulcer of the stomach.
painleis erythema of the extensor surfaces of the escaped' ventric'ular contrac'^ion. Isolated ventricu-
extremities, lar contraction from an impulse formed in the
erjrthroneocytosis (er"I-thro-ne"o-si-to'sis) [erythro- auriculo ventricular node; also called automatic
(cyte) -f- G. neos, new, + kytos, cell, -I- -osis. contraction.
Presence in the peripheral circulation of regenera- eschar (es'kar) [G. eschara, scab.] A
slough follow-
tive forms of red blood-cells. ing a bum or cauterization of the skin, neuro-
erythrope'nia [G. erythros, red, -t- penia, poverty.] path'ic e., decubitus.
Deficiency in the number of red blood-corpuscles. Escherich's bacil'lus (esh'er-ikh) [Theodor Escherich,
erythrophag, erythrophage (er'I-thro-fag, er'I-thfo- German physician, 185 7-1 911.] Bacterium coli.
faj)[G. erythros, red, + phages, an eater.] A escharot'ic. Caustic, corrosive.
phagocyte which englobes and destroys red blood- eschrolalia, seschrolalia (es-kro-la'U-ah) [G. ais-
corpuscles. chros, shameful, +
lalia, talking.] Coprolalia.
erythroph'agous. Noting the destructive action of es'corcin, ses'corcin. Escorcinol, a brown powder
certain phagocytes on red blood-corpuscles. derived from esculetin by the action of sodium
erythrophil, erythrophile (er'I thro-fil, er'I-thro-fll) amalgam; used for the detection of defects in the
[G. erythros, red, H- philos, fond.] Fuchsinophil. cornea and conjunctiva which it marks by a red
I. Readily staining with red dyes. z. A cell or coloration.
histological element which stains promptly with Escula'pian. ^Ssculapian.
red dyes, es'culent [L. esculentus, eatable.] Eatable, fit to be
erythrophil'ic, erythroph'ilous. Erythrophil (i). eaten.
erythrophleine (er-I-throf'le-in). An alkaloid ex- esou'letin, sescu'letin. A decomposition product of
tracted from the bark of Eryihrophlceum guineense: esculin used in the manufacture of escorcin.
dose, gr. ^^7—gV (0.001-0,002). es'culin, fies'culin. A glucoside from horse-chestnut
 .

:uLiN, ^scul: ESQUILLECTOMY

337

ark, occurring as white crystals of bitter taste; esophagomalacia, oesophagomalacia (e-sof"a-go-m&-

nployed as an antiperiodic in doses of gr, 5-15 la'sl-ah) [G. malakia, softness.] Softening of the
>. 3-1.0). walls of the esophagus.
itcheon (es-kuch'un) [L. scutum, shield.] The esophagom'eter [G. meiron, measure.] An instru-
aal region of the ox, with reference especially ment for obtaining the dimensions of the esoph-
3 the direction of growth of the hair. agus.
idine (es-er'I-den). An alkaloid in the seed of esophagomycosis (e-sof"a-go-mi-ko'sis) [G. mykes,
hysostigma or Calabar bean; an excitomotor fungus.] Any bacterial or fungous disease of
sad chiefly in veterinary practice. the esophagus.
line. Physostigmine, an alkaloid of Physo- esoph'agoplasty. Repair of a defect in the wall
'igma venenosum, or Calabar bean, employed of the esophagus by a plastic operation.
>cally as a miotic; see physostigmina. esophagoplication (e-sof'S-go-pli-ka'shun). Reduc-
larch's ban'dage (es'markh) Qohann Friedrich tion in size of a dilated esophagus or of a pouch in
.ugust von Esmarch, German surgeon, 1823-
the same by making longitudinal folds or tucks
A rubber bandage which is wound tightly in its wall
908.]
bout a limb from the periphery toward the cen- esophagopto'sia, oesophagopto'sia, esophagopto'sls
[G. oisophagos, esophagus, + ptosis, a falling.]
sr in order to exsanguinate the member and offer
bloodless field for operation, the return of the Relaxation and downward displacement of the
lood after removal of the bandage being pre- walls of the esophagus.
ented by a strong elastic ligature around the esophagosarivaiy. Noting an excessive secretion
of saliva, occurring as a symptom of cancer of
roximal end of the extremity. E. dish, a small
the esophagus.
lass dish about 7 cm. in diameter with a rim i
tn. high, used in bacteriological work. E.
esoph'agoscope [G. shaped, I examine.] A
form of
lask, a metal frame with strips of gauze stretched
endoscope for inspecting the esophagus.
esophagos'copy. Inspection of the interior of the
cross the center and a rubber cover on the out-
esophagus.
ide, formerly used for giving chloroform or ether
E.'s paste, a caustic of arsenic i,
esoph'agospasm. Spasm of the walls of the
y inhalation.
esophagus.
lorphine sulphate r, calomel 8, gum arable 48.
esophagostenosis, cesophagostenosis (e-sof"a-go-stS-
I. roll tube, a modification of the plate culture, a
no'sis) [G. stenosis, a narrowing.] Stricture or a
seded gelatin culture being placed in a test-tube
general narrowing of the esophagus,
nd the latter rolled horizontally in cold water esophagos'tomy, oesophagos'tomy [G. stoma, an
r on a block of ice until the gelatin solidifies
opening, mouth.] The operative formation of an
venly around the interior of the tube.
opening directly into the esophagus from without.
i'ic[G. es, eis, into, +
hodos, way.] Centripetal
esoph'agotome. Aknife adapted for cutting into
r afferent, noting sensory nerves conducting the esophagus.
npulses toward the spinal cord and brain. esophagot'omy, oesophagot'omy [G. tome, an inci-
etlunoiditis (es-o-eth-moy-di'(de')tis) [G. eso,
sion ] An incision through the wall of the
rithin.] Inflammation of the lining membrane esophagus.
f the ethmoid cells. esophagus, oesophagus(e-sof'a-gus) [G oisophagos,
gastritis (es-o-gas-tri'(tre')tis) [G. eso, within, + gullet.] The gullet, the swallow; the portion of
asterigastr-), stomach, + Catarrhal in-
-itis.] the digestive canal between the pharynx and the
lammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach; it extends from the lower border of the
tomach. cricoid cartilage, opposite the sixth cervical verte-
phagal'gia, oesophagal'gia [G. algos, pain.] Pain bra, to the cardiac orifice of the stomach opposite
1 the esophagus. the eleventh dorsal vertebra, a distance of about
phageal, oesophageal (e-so-faj'e-al). Relating 25 cm. (10 inches), mouth of the e., the junction
the esophagus. of the pharynx and esophagus at the level of the
phagectasia, oesophagectasia (e-sof-S-jek-ta'si- lower border of the cricoid cartilage.
h) [G. oisophagos, esophagus, + ektasis, exten- esophoria (es-o-fo'ri-ah) [G. eso, inward, .-t- phora,
ion.] Dilatation of the esophagus. movement.] A tendency of one eye to deviate
phagectasis, oesophagectasis (e-sof-S.-jek'ta-sis) inward; convergent squint.
isophagectasia. esophor'ic. Relating to or marked by esophoria.
esosphenoiditis (es"o-sfen-oy-di'(de')tis) [G. eso,
phagec'tomy, oesophagec'tomy [G. ektome, exci-
Lon.] Excision of more or less of the esophagus. within.] Osteomyelitis of the sphenoid bone.
ph'agism, oesophagis'mus. Spasmodic stricture esoter'ic [G. esoteros, inner.] i Of internal origin
. .

arising within the organism. 2. Endoblastic.

f the esophagus.
phagitis, oesophagitis (e-sof-a-ji'(je')tis). Inflam- esotro'pia [G. eso, in, 4- trope, turn.] A marked
lation of the esophagus. esophoria a deviation inward of one eye, internal
;

phagocele (e-sof'a-go-sel) [G. kele, hernia.] or convergent squint.

the mucous membrane of the
of esotrop'ic. Relating to or marked by esotropia.
'rotrusion
sophagus through a rent in the muscular coat. Esperan'za Mineral Springs, New York. Calcic-
phagodynia, oesophagodynia (e-soph"a-go- sulphureted waters, 51° F. Used by drinking
in'i-ah) [G. odyne, pain.] Pain in the in various disorders.
espno'ic, espnoe'ic (esp-no'ik, esp-ne'ik) [G.
sophagus.
phagoenterostomy (e-sof'a-go-en-ter-os'to-mK) + pnoe, a blowing.] 1. Relating to
es(eis), in,

>. oisophagos, esophagus, + enteron, intestine,

the inhalation or injection of gases or vapors.
The operative formation of a 2. Noting the epidermic method of medication.
h stoma, mouth.]
Naso-oral leishmania-
irect communication between the esophagus and espundia (es-poon'dl-ah) .

sis, bubas braziliana, Breda's disease, a chronic

itestine, the stomach being excised.
phagogastrostomy (e-sof"a,-go-gas-tros'to-ml) ulcerative affection of the nose and mouth,
esophagus + G. gaster, stomach, + stoma, mouth.] caused by Leishmania tropica.
•he establishment of an artificial opening esquillectomy (es-kil-ek'to-mi) [Fr. esquille, frag-
.

letween the esophagus and the stomach. ment, + G. ektome, excision.] Operation for
 ESQUILLECTOMY 338 ETHERION

the removal of detached bony fragments in cases estivoautumnal, asstivoautumnal (es"tll-vo-aw-tum'-

of comminuted fracture. nal) [L. cBstivus, summer, + autumnalis, autum-
es'sence [L. essentia; esse, to be.] 1. The true nal.] Relating to or occurring in summer and
characteristic or substance of a body. 2. An autumn, e. fe'ver, tropical malaria, a severe
element. 3. A
fluidextract. 4. An alcoholic remittent form of acute malaria, due to the
solution, or spirit, of the volatile oil of a plant; sporulation, and invasion of new red blood-
also an artificial product of similar odor and taste. corpuscles, by a protozoan blood parasite,
essentia (es-en'shJ-ah) Essence, c. pepsi'ni, the
.
Plasmodium pracox; the paroxysms (at first
former N.F. official title of elixir pepsini et renini perhaps tertian) recur at progressively shorter
compositum. intervals until the disease becomes remittent,
essential (es-en'shyal). i. Necessary; characteris- a second attack beginning before the first has
tic ; inherent. 2. Idiopathic, e. oil, volatile oil. spent its course.
es'ter. Compound ether, a substance produced by Est'lander's opera'tion [Jakob August Estlander,
the substitution of the hydrogen in an acid by a Finnish surgeon, 1831— 1881.] Resection of a
hydrocarbon radical; it is an alcohol " salt." part of one or more ribs and excision of the
esterase (es'ter-az). A
ferment which causes a aiifected pleura in chronic empyema.
dissociation of esters in the serum or tissues. es'ton. Aluminum acetate, an insoluble powder,
esthe'sic [G. aisthesis, sensation.] Relating to the used as a dusting powder.
mental perception of the existence of any part es'toral. Boric-acid menthol ester, a. colorless
of the body. crystalline powder, employed as an errhine in
esthe'sioblast [G. aisthesis, sensation, + blasios, chronic nasal catarrh.
germ,] An embryonic ganglion cell. estrual, cestrual (es'tru-al) [G. oistros, mad desire.]
esthesiod'ic, £esthesiod'ic [G. aisthesis, sensation, + Relating to heat or rut in animals.
hodos, way.] Sensory, conveying sensory im- estrua'tion. The period of heat in animals.
pulses. * es'trum. Estrus.
esthesiogen, sesthesiogen (es-the'zi-o-jen) [G. aisthe- es'trus, oes'trus [G. oistros,mad desire.] Heat; the
sis, sensation, + gennao, I produce.] A substance period of sexual excitement in the female of the
assumed to produce «. nervous erethism in hys- lower animals.
terical subjects, when brought near the body. estua'rium [L. (Bstus, heat.] Vapor bath.
esthesiogenesis, aesthesiogenesis (es-the"2i-o-jen'e-sis) Stat mainelonn£ (a-t3,' ma.-mS-16-na') [Fr. knobby,
[G. aisthesis, sensation, -f genesis, generation.] tubercular state.] The condition of the gastric
The production of sensation, especially of nervous mucous membrane in chronic inflammation, when
erethism. it presents numbers of nodular projections.
esthesiogen'ic. i. Relating to an esthesiogen. 2. ethanediamine (eth"an-di'am-en). Ethylenedia-
Producing a sensation. mine.
esthesiog'raphy, assthesiog'raphy [G. aisthesis, sen- eth'ene chlo'ride. Ethylene bichloride.
sation, -f graphe, a writing.] A description of etheogen'esis [G. etheos, bachelor, -f genesis, produc-
the organs of sense and of the mechanism of tion.] Reproduction by the male gamete without
sensation. sexual union; a rare phenomenon and possible
esthesiol'ogy, sesthesiol'ogy [G. aisthesis, sensation, only in protozoans.
+ -hgia.\ Science in relation to sensory phenom- e'ther [G. aither, the pure upper air.] 1. A sub-
ena. stance resulting from the action of an acid on
. esthesioma'nia, eesthesioma'nia [G. aisthesis, sensa- an alcohol. 2. Ethyl or sulphuric ether (C2Hj)20;
tion, -t- mania, frenzy.] Insanity with sensory see tether, 3. A gas of extreme tenuity which is
hallucinations. assumed to pervade all space as well as all solids
esthesiometer, festhesiometer (es-the-zl-om'e-tur) and liquids, and to be the transmitter of the
[G. aisthesis, sensation, -I- metron, measure.] An rays of heat and of light, chlo'iic e., spiritus
instrument for determining the state of tactile and chloroformi. com' pound e. , ester. Cott'onproc'-
other forms of sensibility. ess e., a modified sulphuric ether consisting of
esthesioneure, sesthesioneure (es-the'sl-o-nur.] [G. refined diethyl oxide containing approximately
aisiliesis, sensation, + neuron, nerve.] sensory A two volumes of ethylene, J volume of carbon
nerve-cell. dioxide, and i per cent, by weight of ethyl
esthe"sioneuro'sis, £Bsthe"sioneuro'sis. Any sensory alcohol, hydriod'ic e., aethylis iodidum. hy-
neurosis, such as anesthesia, hyperesthesia, drobro'mic e., sethylis bromidum. hydrochlo'ric
paresthesia, etc. e., aethylis chloridum. meth'yl e., methyl'lc e.,
esttiesion'osus, aesthesion'osus [G. aisthesis, sensa- a colorless, inflammable gas (CHs)aO, prepared
tion, H- nosos, disease.] Esthesioneurosis. by distilling methyl alcohol 1, and sulphuric
esthe"siophysiol'ogy, assthe"siophysiol'ogy. The acid 4; produces anesthesia when inhaled.
physiology of sensation and the sense organs. meth'yl-eth'yl e., (i) a solution of methyl e.
esthet'ic. Relating to sensation, either mental or in sulphuric ether, used as an anesthetic; (2)
bodily. * a colorless liquid obtained by the action of
esthiomenus (es-the-om'e-nus) [G. esthiomenos, eat- ethyl iodide on sodium methylate; anesthetic.
ing,] Lupus; specifically lupus of the external sulphu'ric e., ethyl oxide, ether (2). xylostyp'tic
genital organs. e., coUodium stypticum.
esthiom'enous [G. esthiomenos, eating.] Corroding, ethereal (e-the're-al). Relating to or containing
ulcerating, phagedenic. ether, e. oil, oleum aethereum. e. tinc'ture, a
Es'till Springs, Kentucky. Light alkaline-carbo- solution or extract of a medicinal substance made
nated-sulphureted, alkaline-calcic, and chalyb- with ether.
eate waters. Used by drinking in various etheriflca'tion [L. cether, ether, -f facere, to make.]
disorders. Conversion of an alcohol into ether.
summer.] Relating to
es'tival, ses'tival [L. cestivus, ether'ify. To convert into ether.
or occurring in the summer. etherin (e'ther-in). fitherobacillin, a tuberculous
estira'tion [L. testas, summer.] The grouping of toxin extracted by
ether.
floral leaves in the bud. ethe'ilon [G. aiiherios, relating to ether.] A
sup-
 ;

ETHERION 339 EUCAINE

posed new element, a gas of extreme tenuity-
existing in the atmosphere and perhaps through-
eth'yl [G. aither, ether, +hyle, stuff.] The hydro-
carbon radical, C2H5, of ethyl alcohol, e. ac'etate,
out space; said by some to be only watery vapor. acetic ether, Eether* aceticus. al'cohol, e.
e.
etherization (e"ther-i-2a'shun). Bringing under the hydroxide, ordinary alcohol.* e. bro'mide,
anesthetic influence of ether. hydrobromic ether, a colorless liquid, inducing
e'therize. To anesthetize by means of ether. anesthesia when inhaled, e. car'bamate, ure-
etherobacillin (e-ther-o-bas'il-in). Etherin. thane. c. chlo'ride, hydrochloric ether, a colorless
etheroma'nia [G. aither, ether, + mania, frenzy.] liquid employed as a local anesthetic, the spray
The habitual use of ether as an intoxicant. causing congelation, and also by inhalation as a
etherometer (e-ther-om'e-tur) [ether + G. metron, general anesthetic, e. for'mate, formic ether, a
measure.] A device for the mechanical admin- volatile liquid, anesthetic. e. hy'drate. e.
istration of ether in the production of general hydroxide, e. hydrox'ide, ethyl alcohol, grain
anesthesia. alcohol, official alcohol, e. i'odide, hydriodic ether
eth'ical. Relating to ethics in conformity with the
; employed as an antispasmodic and alterative in
rules governing professional conduct. bronchitis and asthma, and applied externally as
eth'ics. The science of morality. In relation to a means of introducing iodine into the system.
medical practice, the principles of correct pro- o. ni'trite, nitrous ether, e. oxide, sulphuric
fessional conduct with regard to the rights of the ether, see wther.
physician himself, his patients, and his fellow ethylamine (S-thil'S-men). A
ptomaine found in
practitioners, code of e., a set of rules established decaying vegetable matter.
for the guidance of the medical practitioner in his eth'ylate. A compound in which the hydrogen of
professional conduct. the hydroxyl radical is by a base.
replaced
eth'idene. Ethylidene. eth"ylchlo"ralu'rethane. Somnal.
ethiopifica'tion [G. aithiops, a negro, -1- L. facere, to eth'ylene. Ethene, defiant gas, CH2CH2, the chief
make.] The production of argyria.* constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. e.
e'thiops. .iSlthiops. bichlo'ride, ethene chloride, Dutch liquid, a
ethmocarditis (eth-mo-kar-di'(de')tis) [G. ethmos, liquid possessing local and general anesthetic
sieve, + kardia, heart, -|- -itis.] Cardiosclerosis, properties, e. bro'mide, bromethylene, employed
chronic inflammation and proliferation of the in epilepsy in doses of nja-s (0.13-0.3). e.
connective tissue of the heart-walls. peri'odide, diiodoform. e, tetrai'odide, diiodoform.
ethmocra'nial. Relating to the ethmoid bone and ethylenedi'aniine. Diaminoethane, ethanediam-
the cranium as a whole, e. angle, the angle ine, C2H4(NH2)2; a volatile colorless liquid of
made by the plane of {he cribriform plate of the ammoniacal odor and caustic taste; bactericidal
ethmoid bone extended to meet- the basicranial in 8 per cent, solution.
axis. ethylhy drocupreine (eth"il-hi-dro-ku'pre-in) Op- .

ethmoceph'alus [G. ethmos, sieve, + kephale, head.] tochin, a synthetic drug, a derivative of quinine,
A monster -with imperfect and deformed features. C19H22N2OH.OC2HS, or derived from cuprea
ethmof rental (eth-mo-frun'tal). Relating to the bark, which has been recommended as a remedy
ethmoid and the frontal bones. in lobar pneumonia and in other pneumococcus
eth'moid [G. ethmos, sieve, -I- eidos, resemblance.] infections, in doses of gr. 4-5 (0.25-0.3); there
I. Resembling a sieve, cribriform. 2. Relating is danger of amaurosis in large doses or long
to the ethmoid bone. 3. The ethmoid bone, os* continuance of the drug.
ethmoidale. ethyl'idene. Ethidene, a theoretical radical, CjHj,
ethmoid'al. Ethmoid (2). or CHgCH, metameric with ethylene.
ethmoiditis (eth-moy-di'CdeOtis). Inflammation of eth'ylism. Alcoholic addiction.
the ethmoid bone. ethylmorphine (eth"il-mor-fen'). An alkaloid de-
ethmola'ciymal. Relating to the ethmoid and the rived from morphine by ethylation; the chloride
lacrymal bones. is dionine, official under the title cethylmorphinie
ethmomax'iUaiy. Relating to the ethmoid and the hydrochloridum.
maxillary bones. ethylurethane (eth-il-u're-than) . Ethyl carbamate,
ethmona's£d. Relating to the ethmoid and the urethane.*
e'tiolate [Fr. ttioler, to blanch.] jl. To make pale by
nasal bones.
absence of light. ^. To become pale or of sickly
ethmopal'atal. Relating to the ethmoid and the
palate bones. hue from the absence of light or from long illness.
ethmosphenoid (eth-mo-sfe'noyd). Relating to the etiola'tion. Pallor from confinement in a dark
ethmoid and sphenoid bones. place or from a long illness.
ethmotur'binals. The turbinated processes of the etiological (e-ti-o-loj'i-kal). Relating to etiology.
ethmoid bone; usually two in number, the su- etiology (e-ti-ol-o-gi) [G. aitia, cause, -I- -ology.]

perior and middle turbinals, but occasionally three The doctrine of causes, specifically of the causes
'*

or even more see concha nasalis.

;
of disease; caursation. *

ethmovo'merine. Relating to the ethmoid bone etiotropic (e-tl-o-trop'ik) [G. attia, cause, -)- trope,
a turning.]Directed against the cause, noting a
and the vomer, e. plate, the central portion of the
ethmoid bone, forming a distinct element at birth. remedy which attenuates or destroys the causal
ethmyphitis (eth-ml-fi'(fe')tis) [G. ethmos, sieve, + factor of a disease.
hyphe, web, -I- -itis.] Cellulitis. etrohysterectomy (e"tro-his-ter-ek'to-mJ) [G. etron,
ethnog'raphy [G. ethnos, race, -1- graphe, a -writing.] hypogastrium, + kystera, womb, + ektome, ex-
A treatise on the different human races. cision.] Abdominal hysterectomy, removal of
ethnol'ogy [G. ethnos, race, -I- -logia.] The branch the uterus through an incision in the hypogastric
region.
of anthropology which deals with racial peculiari-
etrotomy (e-trot'o-ml) [G. etron, hypogastrium, +
ties and differences.
(eth-ok-sl-kaf'e-en). A
compound, tome, incision.] Suprapubic incision.
ethoxycaffeine
C,H,(0CjHj)N40j, occurring in the form of white Eu. Chemical symbol of europium.
eucaine (u'kah-en) A synthetic compound resem-
silky crystals; used in neuralgia and migraine
in
bling cocaine in its properties; the hydrochloride
doses of gr. s-io (o-3-°-6)-
 ;

EUCAINE 340 EUNAfROL

is the salt usually employed, in 2 per cent solu- -Euge'nia [after Prince Eugene of Savoy.] A genus
tion for ophthalmic anesthesia. of trees of the order Myrtacece. E. caryophylla'ta
eucalyptene (u-kS-lip'ten). A
hydrocarbon, CioHig, furnishes cloves E, chek'en, cheken E. jambola'na,
; ;

obtained by distilling eucalyptol with phosphoric jambulj E. pimen'ta, pimenta or allspice.

anhydride, e. hydrochlo'ride, eucalypteol, oc- eugenic (u-jen'ik) [see eugenics.] Relating to the
curring in white crystalline scales, of bitter taste science of eugenics; tending to racial improve-
employed in diarrhea and typhoid fever and to ment by means of sexual selection.
relieve the cough of phthisis, in doses of gr. 2-6 eugen'ic acid. Eugenol.
(0.13-0.4). eugenics (u-jen'iks) [G. eugeneia, nobility of birth.]
eucalyp'teol. Eucalyptene hydrochloride. The science which deals with the influences,
eucalyp'tol (U.S.). Cineol, cajuputol; a colorless especially prenatal influences, that tend to better
liquid of camphoraceous odor and pungent taste, the innate qualities of man and to develop them
Cii,Hi,0, obtained from the volatile oil of Euca- to the highest degree.
lyptus globulus, and other species ot E.; stimu- eugenism (u'jen-izm). " The aggregate of the most
lant expectorant in doses of 1525-10(0.3-0.6). favorable conditions for healthy and happy
eucalyptoresorcin (u-kS-lip"to-re-zor'sin). A
mix- existence", (Galton.)
ture of eucalyptol and resorcin employed as eugen'ofonn. Eugenolcarbinol, a colorless crystal-
an antiseptic. line powder, employed as an intestinal disinfect-
eucalyp'tus [G. eu, well, 4- kalyptos, covered, refer- ant in doses of gr. 7^—15 (0.5—1.0).
ring to the fact that the calyx is capped in the eu'genol (U.S.). Eugenic acid, an aromatic phenol,
bud.] (U.S.) The dried leaves of Eucalyptus CioHijOj, obtained from oil of cloves, a light
globulus, blue gum-tree, Australian fever-tree; yellow liquid having an odor of cloves and a
employed in the treatment of malaria, bronchitis, spicy taste it is a local anesthetic and antiseptic,
;

asthma, and chronic gonorrhea, in doses of employed chiefly in dentistry as a substitute for
njio-20 (a. 6-1. 3) of the volatile oil. oil of cloves; internally the dose is IK3-S (0.2—
euca'sin. Ammonium caseinate, prepared by "3)-
passing ammonia gas over finely powdered dry Eugle'na [G. eu, well, +
glene, eyeball.] A
genus
casein; occurs as a yellowish-white powder; added of infusorians, characterized by the presence of a
as a concentrated food to bouillon, chocolate, minute spot of differentiated ectoplasm sensitive
etc. to light.
eucerin(u-se'rin) [G. eu. well, and L. cera, wax.] Euglen'ida [G. eu, well, -I- glene, eyeball.] An
Trade name of an ointment base, odorless and order of Zoomastigophora, embracing forms with
of a slightly yellowish color made from an contractile body, a mouth opening, one or two
extractive of wool-fat. flagella, and chromatophores or "eyespots."
euchlorhydria (u"klor-hy'dri[-ah) [G. eu, well.] euglob'uUn. A protein forming, with pseudoglobu-
Normal chlorhydria, a condition in which free lin, serum-globulin.
hydrochloric acid exists in normal amount in the eugon'ic [G. eu, well, + gonikos, relating to the seed
gastric juice. or offspring.] Noting a bacterial culture 6f
eucholia (u-ko'll-ah) [G. eu, well, + chole, bile.] A luxuriant growth.
normal state of the bile as regards quantity and Eugregari'na [G. eu, well.] A
suborder of Gregan-
quality. nida reproducing only by spore formation.
eucrasia (u-kra'rf-ah) [G. eu, well, -I- krasis, tem- eu'gufonn. Acetylized methylene diguaiacol, a
perament.] Acondition of diminished suscepti- grayish-white powder employed as an antiseptic
;

bility to the action of certain drugs, articles of dressing in powder or ointment, e. sol'uble, a,
diet, etc.; see orthocrasia, idiosyncrasy. 50 per cent, solution of euguform in acetone.
eucycUc (u-si'klik) [G. eu, well, +
kyklos, circle.] eulatin (u'lS-tin). Proprietary name of a com-
In botany, noting an isomerous ilower with the pound of amidobenzoic and bromobenzoic acids
parts of consecutive whorls alternating. with antipyrine a whitish powder of slightly acid
;

eudermol (u-dur'mol). Trade name of nicotine taste, recommended in whooping-cough in daily

salicylate, employed externally in the treatment doses of gr. 30 (2.0) for children of 6 years.
of scabies. Eulenburg's disease' (oi'len-boorg) [Albert Eulen-
eudiaphoresis (u"di-ah-fo-re'sis) [G. eu, well, + dia, burg, German neurologist, *iS4o.] Congenital
through, + phorec, I carry.] Normal, free paramyotonia.*
sweating. eulyp'tol. Trade name of an antiseptic mixture of
eudiemorrhysis (u"di-em-or'i-sis) [G. eu, well, + eucalyptus oil, carbohc acid, and salicylic acid.
dia, through, + haima, blood, + rhysis, a flow- eu'menol. Trade name of a fluidextract of the
ing.] A free normal capillary circulation. root of a Chinese plant; it has been used in
eudiom'eter [G. eudios, serene, -t- metron, measure.] amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea in doses of 3J-i
A graduated glass vessel used to test the purity (2.0-4.0).
of air and in the volumetric analysis of gases. eumetria (u-me'trJ-ah) [G. moderation, goodness of
eudox'in. The bismuth salt of nosophen, a reddish- meter.] Graduation of the strength of nerve
brown powder employed in various gastric and impulses.
intestinal affections in doses of gr. 3-8 (o. 2-0.5). enmorphism (u-mor'fizm) [G. eu well, -f- morphl,
eudrenin (ud-ren'in). Trade name of a 0.25 per shape.] Preservation of the natural form of a cell
cent, solution of beta-eucaine hydrochloride in a in spite of the occurrence of pathological changes.
1 10,000 solution of adrenalin chloride in physio-
: eumyce'tes [G. eu, well, -1- mykes, fungus.] Hypho-
logical salt solution. mycetes.
Euflagella'ta [G. eu, well.] Same as Flagellata. eu'mydrine. Trade name of methylatropine nitrate,
euf or'mol. Trade name of an antiseptic and deodor- C„H52(CH,)NO,.HNO,; a white soluble crystal-
izer. line salt, employed as a mydriatic in i or 2 per
eugal'lol. Pyrogallol monoacetate, monacetylpyro- cent, solution, and given internally to control the
gallol,a yellowish-brown syrupy liquid, employed night-sweats of phthisis in doses of gr.,
-j^f-^
in psoriasis and various scaly skin diseases in a (0.001-0.0025).
66 or 32 P^^ cent, acetone solution. euna'trol. Sodium oleate.
EUNOIA 341 EUSOL
eunoi'a [G. goodwill.] A normal mental state. euplas'tic [G. euplastos, easily moulded; eu, well, -t-
eunuch (u'nuk) [G. eunouchos.] One whose testicles plasso, I form.] Healing readily and well.
have been removed. eupne'a, eupnce'a [G. eu, well, -I- pnoia, breath.]
eunuchism (u'nuk-izm). The symptom-complex Easy, free respiration.
caused by the absence of the testicles, pitu'itary eupor'phine. Apomorphine methylbromide, used
e., hypophysis* syndrome.
for the same purposes as apomorphine hydro-
eunuchoid (u'nuk-oyd) [G. eidos, resembling.] chloride.
Resembling, or having the general characteristics euprazia (u-prak'sl-ah) [G. eu, well, -I- praxis, a
of, a eunuch, u. state, hypogenitalism. doing.] Normal ability to perform coordinated
eunuchoidism (u'nuk-oid-izm) [G. eunouchos, e\xauch, movements.
+ eidos, resemblance.] A condition marked by Euproc'tis chrysorrhoe'a TG. eu, well, + proktos,
the symptom-complex of _ eunuchism, due to rump ; chrysos, gold, -I- rhoia, flow.] The brown-
absence of the internal secretion of the testicles, tail moth, the hairs of the cocoon and caterpillar
the glan themselves, however, being present. of which cause a troublesome dermatitis.
euon'ymin. Extractum euonymi siccum. eupy'rine. Vanillin ethylcarbonate-parapheneti-
euonymus (u-on'i-mus) [G. eudnymos, from eu, well, din, CisHjjOjN; employed as an antipyretic in
+ onyma, name, having a good name, lucky.] doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0).
(N.F.) Euonymi cortex (Br.), the dried root euquinine (u'kwin-en, u-kwi'nin). Euchinin, qui-
bark of Euonymus atropurpurea, wahoo, burning- nine ethylcarbonate, C23H28N2O4, occurring in
bush, arrow- wood; employed as an hepatic tonic white, acicular, nearly tasteless crystals employed ;

and laxative in doses of gr. 3-10 (0.2-0.6). as a substitute for quinine or its salts in doses of
euophthal'min. Euphthalniin. gr ro-20 (0.6—1.3).
eupad (u'pad). Equal parts of calcium chloride Eure'ka Springs, Arkansas. Alkaline waters.
and boric acid, kept in separate papers, and Among the sixty springs are the " Little
dissolved together extemporaneously, in the Eureka," " Sweet," " Magnetic," " Oil," " Ar-
proportion of 25 grams of the combined powders senic," and " Cold" springs. Used by drink-
in I liter of water, to make eusol.* ing in rheumatism, nervous affections, disorders
eupancreatism (u-pan'kre-S.-tizm) [G. eu, well, -|- of the kidneys, bladder, and skin; dyspepsia,
pancreas.'l A condition in which the functions hay-fever, and general debility.
of the pancreas are normal. Eure'ka Springs, California. Muriated-saline-sul-
euparal (u'par-al). A medium for mounting his- phureted waters. Used by drinking for the
tological specimens, composed of camsal, sandarac, laxative and diuretic action.
eucalyptol, and paraldehyde. eu'resol.Trade name of resorcinol monacetate,
eupat'orin. A glucoside, occurring as a bitter employed externally in the treatment of acne and
white powder, obtained from several species sycosis in 5 to 20 per cent, ointment; employed
of Eupaiorium; diaphoretic and tonic in doses of also in the treatment of seborrhea and alopecia,
gr. 1—3 (0.06—0.2). then usually in the form of a perfumed prepara-
eupato'rium [G. eupator, bom of a noble father, said tion called euresol pro capillis.
of Mithridates.] (N.F.) The dried leaves and eu'robin. Chrysarobin triacetate, employed for the
flowering tops of Eupaiorium perfoUatuTn, same purposes as chrysarobin, and said to be
thorough- wort, boneset, sweating-herb; em- nonirritant and not to stain.
ployed as a bitter tonic, usually in a decoction eu'rophen. Diisobutyl-orthocresol-iodide, a yel-
of an ounce of the drug in a pint of boiling water, low amorphous powder insoluble in water; em-
dose ^1—2 (30.0—60.0). ployed externally in powder or ointment in skin
eupepsia (u-pep'sl-ah) [G. eu, well, + pepsis, di- diseases, varicose ulcers, etc., and internally in
gestion.] Good digestion. syphilis in doses of gr. -^-2 (o 03—0 13).
. .

eupep'tic. Digesting well; having a good digestion. europium (u-ro'pi-um) [L. Europa, Europe.] very A
eupeptone (u-pep'ton). Trade name of an English rare element, symbol Eu, atomic weight 152.
make of Witte's peptone. Eurotium (u-ro'shl-um). A genus of moulds. E.
euphor'bia. x. The dried plant, Euphorbia pilu-
malig'num, a species sometimes causing inflam-
lifera, Australian snake-weed or cat's hair; em-
mation by its presence in the external auditory
ployed in asthma, hay-fever, coryza, and other meatus. E. re'pens, a common mould on stale
respiratory affections, and also in angina pec- bread and on jam.
2. The root of eurygnathic (u-rig-nath'ik). Having a wide jaw.
toris, in doses of gr. 30 (2.0).
eurygnathism (u-rig'na-thizm) [G. eurys, broad, +
Euphorbia corollata, spurge, purging root, a tree
gnathos, jaw.] The condition of having a wide
of eastern North America; employed in eclectic
jaw.
practice as a tonic for the mucous membrane of
eurygnathous (u-rig'na-thus). Eurygnathic.
the digestive tract, allaying irritation and re-
euryon (u'ri-on) [G. eurys, broad.] The extremity,
lieving constipation; dose mi-io (0.06-0.6) of
on either side, of the greatest transverse diameter
the specific preparation, e. pilulif'era (N.F.),
euphorbia of the head; a point used in craniometry.
official N.F. title of (i).
from Euphorbia eu'iythrol. Trade name of an aqueous extract of
euphor'bium. A gum resin
spleen substance, used in chlorosis and anemia.
resinifera; sometimes used as an emetic and
cathartic, but chiefly confined to veterinary
eusapyl (u'sS-pil) [G. eu, well, -I- sapon, soap, +
Trade name of a watery solution of
hyle, stuff.]
practice.
potassium ricinoleate and chlor-metacresol, rec-
euphoria (u-fo'rl-ah) [G. eu, well, -I- phero, I bear.]
ommended as a hand disinfectant. '

A general state of well being.

eusco'pol. Trade name of scopolamine Jiydrobro-
eu'phorin. Phenylurethane, carbanilic ether; a
mide.
white crystalline powder, antipyretic and anal-
gesic in doses of gr. 3-6 (0.2-0.4).
eusol (u'sol). A filtered solution of 25 grams of
euphthal'nun. The hydrochloride of methylvinyl-
eupad* in i liter of distilled water, employed as
diacetone-alkamine, a synthetic substance occur- an antiseptic in wound treatment; the solution
10 contains calcium borate, calcium chloride, and
ring in snow-like crystals; it is mydriatic in 5 to
hypochlorous acid.
per cent, solution.
EUSTACE SMITH'S DISEASE 342 EWING'S SIGN

Eustace Smith's disease or sign. See Smith's evacua'tion. 1. Removal of waste material, espe-
disease or sign. cially from the bowels. 2. A discharge from
Eustachian cath'eter (u-sta'ki-an) [Bartolommeo the bowels, stool.
Eustachio, Italian anatomist, 1524-1574.] evac'uator. A
mechanical evacuant, an instru-
A delicate properly curved tube, used £or in- ment for the removal of impacted feces from the
sertion into the orifice of the E. tube in order rectum.
to distend it by air pressure or to facilitate the evapora'tion [L. e, out, -f- vaporare, to emit vapor.]
introduction of medicated vapor into the 1. A
change from liquid to vapor form. 2. Loss
tympanum. E. cush'ion, torus tubarius. E. of volume of a liquid by conversion into vapor.
mus'cle, laxator tympani muscle. E. ton'sil, evatmine (e-vat'men) An extract of the posterior
.

a collection of lymphoid nodules within the E. lobe of the pituitary gland, with adrenin, in
tube, near its pharyngeal orifice. E. tube, tuba physiological saHi solution; used in the treat-
auditiva. E. tu'ber, a, slight projection from ment of asthma.
the labyrinthine wall of the tympanum below evec'tics [G. euekiia, a good state of health.] The
the fenestra ovalis. E. valve, valvula venae art of acquiring bodily vigor.
cavse inferioris.
eventra'tion [L. e, out, + venter, belly.] i. Protru-
eustachitis (u-sta-ki'(ke')tis). Inflammation of the
sion of the bowels through an opening in the
mucous membrane of the Eustachian tube.
abdominal wall. 2. Removal of the contents of
eustachium (u-sta'M-um). Eustachian tube.
the abdominal cavity.
eustomachous (u-stum'S-kus) [G. eu, well, + stom-
eversion (e-vur'shun) [L. evertere, to twist about.]
achos, stomach,] Eupeptic.
Eustrongylus (u-stron'ji-lus) [G. ea, well, + Aturning outward, as of the eyelid.
strongylos, rounded.] A genus of Nematoda of evert' [L. evertere, to twist about.] To turn out-
the family StrongylidcB. E. gi'gas, a blood-red ward.
roundworm, from 40 cm., 16 in., (male) to 100 CTer'tor. Outward rotator.
cm., 39 in., (female) in length, 6 to 12 mm., J to Evian-les-Bains, France (a-vyan"la-ban'). Alka-
J in., in diameter, sometimes inhabiting the pelvis line-saline-carbonated waters. Cold. Five
of the kidney. E. viscera'lis, E. gigas. springs. Used by drinking and bathing in dis-
eusystole (u-sis'to-U) [G. eu, well, + systole.\ A orders of the liver, intestines, and urinary organs;
condition in which the cardiac systole is normal in skin diseases, neurasthenia, chronic dyspepsia,
in force and time. gout, diabetes, early arteriosclerosis, gastralgia,
eusystolic (u-sis-tol'ik) . ji. Relating to eusystole. and diseases of women. May 15 to October 15.
2. One whose heart beats normally with not 4videment (a-ved-mon') [Fr. Mder, to scoop out.]
too great or too little force. The scraping out of morbid tissue from a natural
+ tektos, capable of
eutectic (u-tek'tik) [G. eu, well, or pathological cavity.
being melted.] Easily melted; noting specifically eviration (e-vi-ra'shun) [L. e, out, +
vir, man.] i.

mixtures of certain chemical compounds which Castration. \s. Loss or absence of the mental and
have a lower melting point than any of their in- physical characteristics of the male; effemination.
gredients. evisceration (e-vis-ur-a'shun) [L. eviscerare, to dis-
eutelolecithal (u-tel-o-les'I-thal) [G. eu, well, -H embowel.] I. Disembowelling. 2. Removal of
telos,end, -I- lekithos, yolk.] Noting an ovum in the contents of the eyeball, leaving only the sclera.
which the deutoplasm of the yolk almost entirely 3. Removal
of the entire contents of the orbit.
displaces the cytoplasm from one pole. Protrusion of the abdominal viscera.
4.
euthanasia (u-than-a'zi-ah) [G. eu, well, + evis"ceroneurot'omy. Scleral evisceration of the
ihanatos, death.] 1. A
quiet, painless death, eye with division of the optic nerve.
a. A popular term for the alleged practice of evolu'tion [L. evolutus; evolvere, to roll out.] i.
putting an end to life by artificial means in cases Development, the series of changes by which the
of incurable and painful disease. impregnated ovum becomes an adult individual.
euthenic (u-then'ik) [see euikenics.] Tending to 2. The doctrine that all forms of animal or
social improvement through good environ- plant life have been derived by gradual changes
mental influences. from simpler forms or from a single cell.
euthenics (u-then'iks) [G. euthenia, well-being, weal.] evul'sion [L. evulsio; evellere, to pluck out.] The
The science which deals with the influences of forcible tearing away of a part or of a new growth,
environment and of sanitation that tend to im- as a polpyus.
prove the human race. Ewald's en'ema (a'vahlt) [Carl Anton Ewald, Ber-
euthermic (u-thur'mik) [G. eu, well, -f- thermos, lin physician, 1845-1915.] A nutrient enema
warm.] Promoting warmth. containing eggs well beaten up, wheat flour
euthy'mol. Trade name of an antiseptic mixture of boiled in a 20 per cent, grape-sugar solution, and
eucalyptus oil and thymol. red wine. E.'s test break'fast, consists of two
eutocia (u-to'sl-ah) [G. eu, well, -I- tokos, childbirth.] rolls or slices of dry bread and nine to twelve
Easy, normal childbirth. ounces of water or weak tea, taken fasting in the
eutrichosis (u-tri-ko'sis) [G. eu, well, +
thrix(irich-), morning; the stomach contents are examined an
hair.] Anormal growth of healthy hair. hour and a half later.
eutrophia (u-tro'fi(-ah) [G. eu, well, -|- trophe, Ewart's proce'dure (yoo'art) [William Ewart,
nourishment.] A state of normal nourishment English physician, *i848.] Elevation of the
and growth. larynx between the thumb and forefinger to
eutroph'ic [G. eu, well, -I- trophl, nourishment.] tracheal tugging.
elicit E.'s sign, elevation of the
Relating to or promoting eutrophia well nour- ; sternal end of the left clavicle with prominence
ished. of the head of the first rib in cases of extreme
eutrophy (u'tio-fl). Eutrophia. distention of the pericardium with fluid.
evac'uant [L. evacuare, to empty.] i . Promoting an Ewing's sign (u'ingz sin). Dulness on percussion-
excretion, especially of the bowels. 3. An to the inner side of the angle of the left scapula,
agent which increases excretion, especially a noting an accumulation of fluid in the peri-
cathartic. cardium behind the heart.
 343 EXCRETA
ex- [L. and G. out of.] A prefix denoting out
of, excern' [L. excernere; to sift out.] To excrete.
from, away from.
excement (ek-sur'nent). 1. Excretory, excreting,
exacerbation (eks-as-er-ba'shun) [L. exaoerbare, to
promoting excretion, z. An agent which pro-
exasperate.] An increase in the severity of a
motes excretion or causes an evacuation.
disease or any of its symptoms.
ezcipient (ek-sip'i-ent) [L. excipiens; excipere, to
exalbu'minous. Noting a seed without endosperm.
take out.] A more or less inert substance
exal'glne [G. ex, out of, + algos, pain.] Methyl- added in a prescription as a diluent, or to give
acetanilide, a coal-tar derivative, employed as form or consistency when the remedy is given in
an- analgesic and antipyretic in doses of gr. pill form; simple syrup, aromatic powder, honey,
\-2 (0.03-0.12). and various elixirs are examples of excipients.
exam'iner. One who examines, med'ical e., (1) a ex'ciple, ezcip'ulum [L. excipere, to take out, to
physician who examines an applicant for insur- receive.] In lichens, the rim formed around the
ance or other person, and reports upon his physi- mature sporocarp by the partial envelope pro-
cal condition to the company or Individual at duced by the thallus.
whose request the examination was made. (2) excision (ek-sl'zhun) [L. excidere, to cut out.]
in States where the office of coroner has been The operative removal of a portion of a limb, or-
abolished, a medical man appointed to investi- gan, or other part.
gate all cases of sudden or violent death. excitability. Irritability, capability of quick re-
e^ anthem. [G. exanthema.] i. Exanthema (i). 2. sponse to a stimulus.
A skin eruption occurring as a symptom of a exci'table. Irritable, capable of quick response to
general disease, such as scarlet fever or measles. a stimulus.
exanthe'ma, pi. exanthe'mata [G.] A general disease exci'tant [L. excitare, to arouse.] i. Stimulating.
accompanied by an eruption on the skin, such as 2. A stimulant.
measles; an eruptive fever. ^. Exanthem (2). excitation (ek-si-ta'shun). Stimulation, increasing
exanthem'atous. Relating to an exanthema, e. the rapidity or intensity of the physical or mental
disease, exanthema (i). processes, law of c, a motor nerve replies, by
ezanthe'sis. i. A
rash or exanthem.. 2. The com- contraction of its muscle, not to the absolute
ing out of a rash or eruption, e. arthro'sia, value, but to the alteration of value from moment
dengue. to moment, of the electric current. law of polar
exanthrope (eks-an'throp) [G. ex, out of, -I- anthro- e., a given segment of a nerve is irritated by the
pos, man.] An external cause of disease, one development of catelectrotonus and the disap-
not originating in the body. pearance of anelectrotonus, but the reverse does
ezanthrop'ic. Originating outside of the human not hold.
body. excl"toglan'dular. Increasing the secretory activity
ezarteritis (eks-ar-ter-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of of a gland.
the adventitia, or outer coat of an artery. excitometabol'ic. Increasing the activity of the
exarticula'tion [L. ex, out, + articulus, joint.] metabolic processes.
Amputation of a limbthrough one of the joints. excitomo'tor. Causing or increasing the rapidity
ezcayatio (eks-ka-va'shi-o) [L.] Excavation, e. of motion.
papil'lse ner'vi op'tici [BNA], excavation of the excitomus'cular. Causing muscular activity.
papilla of the optic nerve, a pit or depression in ezci'tor. That which excites to increased action,
the center of the optic papilla, e. rectouteri'na a stimulant, e. nerve, a nerve conducting im-
[BNA], rectouterine pouch, rectogenital pouch, pulses which stimulate to increased function.
cavum Douglasi, Douglas's cul-de-sac, Douglas's excitosecretory (ek-si"to-se-kre'to-rI). Stimulating
pouch, a pocket formed by the deflection of the to secretion, excitoglandular.
peritoneum from the rectum to the uterus, e. excitovas'cular. Increasing the activity of the
rectovesica'lis [BNA], the fold of peritoneum circulation.
dipping down between the rectum and the blad- exclave (eks'klav) [L. ex, out, -H -clave (see enclave).]
der in the male. e. vesicouteri'na [BNA], An outlying, detached portion of a gland or other
uterovesical or vesicouterine pouch, the fold of part, such as the thyroid or pancreas an accessory
;

peritoneum dipping down between the bladder glaiid.

and the uterus. exclu'sion [L. excludere, to shut out.] Shutting out,
excava'tion [L. excavare, to hollow out.] 1. disconnecting from the main portion.
The formation of a cavity, hollowing out. 2. A excochleation (eks-kok-le-a'shun) [L. ex, out, 4-
3. A cavity
natural cavity or recess, excavatio. cochlea, spoon.] Scraping out the contents of a
formed artificially or as the result of a patholog- cavity.
ical process, atroph'ic e., an exaggeration of exco'riate. To scrape away or otherwise remove
the normal or physiological cupping of the optic the epidermis, leaving a raw surface.
disc (excavatio papillae nervi optici) caused by excoriation (ek-sko-ri-a'shun) [L. ex, out, corium, +
I. Removal of the superficial protective
atrophy of the optic nerve, ^asco'matous e., skin.]

glaucomatous cup.* physiolog'ical e., excavatio layer of the skin or mucous membrane. 2. A
papillae nervi optici.
raw surface left after the scraping away of the
i. An instrument like a large sharp
epidermis.
ex'cavator.
spoon or scoop, employed in scraping out patho- ex'crement [L. excernere, to separate, take away.]
logical tissue, ii. In dentistry a tool for cleaning Waste matter or any excretion cast out of the
out and shaping a carious cavity preparatory to body; feces
excrementitious (eks-kre-men-tl'shus). Relating to
filling.
Ezcel'sior Spring, New York. Saline-calcic waters. any cast out waste material.
for the diuretic and gently excrescence (eks-kres'ens) [L. evcrescere, to grow
Used by drinking
aperient action.
forth.] Any outgrowth from the surface, espe-
keniron, center.] Away cially a pathological growth.
excen'tric [G. ex, from, -t-

efferent. excreta (eks-kre'tah) [L. neut. pi. of excretus; excer-

from the center; Excreted material, cast out
Removal of the nere, to separate.]
ezcerebration (ek"ser-e-bra'shun).
waste matter.
brain in the operation of embryotomy.
EXCRETE 344 EXOMPHALOS

excrete (eks-kref). To separate from the blood posure to view.2. A

collection of objects exposed
and cast out, noting the function of glands the to view. 3. The administration of a remedy.

product of whose activity is waste matter and exhibitionist (eks-J-bJ'shun-ist). One who has an
not utilized in the body. insane or neurotic compulsion to expose the
ex'cretin. A crystalline compound found in feces. genitals to a person of the opposite sex.
excretion (eks-kre'shun) [L. excretus, separated, exhilarant (eg-zil'er-ant). Mentally stimulating.
sifted out.] i. The process whereby the undi-
exhumation (eks-hu-ma'shun) [L. ex, out of, +
gested residue of food and the waste products of humus, earth.] Removal of a corpse from the
metabolism- are thrown out of the body. a. The grave, disinterment.
product of a gland which is waste material to be exitus (ek'si-tus) [L. ] I. Exit, outlet. 2. Death.

passed out of the body. . e. pel'vis, apertura pelvis inferior.

excre'tory. Relating to excretion. Ex'ner's nerve [Siegmund Exner, Viennese physi-

excystation (eks"sis-ta'shun) [L. ex, out of, + cyst.]
ologist, *i846.] A
nerve-twig coming from the
pharyngeal plexus to the cricothyroid membrane.
Removal from a cyst, noting the action of cer-
E.'s plex'us, a plexus formed by horizontal fibers
tain encysted organisms in escaping from their
(axis-cylinder terminals) in the superficial layer
envelope.
of the cerebral cortex.
exemia (eks-e'mi-ah) [G. ek (ex), out of, -I- haima, A
prefix denoting exterior
exo- [G, exo, outside.]
blood.] A condition in which a considerable or external.
portion of the blood is temporarily removed
exocar'dia [G. exo, outside, -f- kardia, heart.] Con-
from the general circulating mass, as wljen the genital displacement of the heart.
limbs are ligatured, or when, as in shock, there exocar'diac, exocar'dial. Relating to exocardia.
is a great accumulation within the abdomen.
exocataphoria (eks-o-kat-S.-for'I-ah) [G. exo, out-
exencepha'lia [G. ex, out, 4- enkephalos, brain.] A ward, + kaia, downward, -j- phora, motion.] A
condition in which the skiill is defective, the brain tendency of the eye to deviate outward and
being exposed or extruding. downward.
exencephal'ic. Exencephalous. exoccipitalbone (eks-ok-sip'i-tal bon). One of the
exenceph'alous. Relating to exencephalia. two segments of the occipital bone bounding the
exenceph'alus. A monster with the brain more or foramen magnum laterally, each of which forms an
less outside of the cranial cavity independent bone in the infant.
exentera'tion [G. ex, out, exochorion (eks-o-ko'ri-on). The layer of the
+ enieron, bowel.] Evis- chorion derived from the ectoderm.
ceration. exocolitis (eks-o-ko-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of the
exenteri'tis (eks-en-ter-i'(e') peritoneal coat of the colon.
tis) [G. exo, on the out- ex'ocrin [G. exo, out of, -I- krino, I separate.] Exter-
side, -f- enteritis.'] In- nal secretion of a gland.
flammation of the perito- exod'ic [G exo, out, -I- hodos, way.] Proceeding
neal covering of the in- toward the periphery, eiferent, centrifugal.
testine. ex'odin. Trade name of a mixture of derivatives
ex'ercise bone. A bone of rufigallic acid, a yellowish, tasteless powder,
resulting from ossifica- recommended as a cathartic in doses of gr. 15-22
tion of a muscle or tendon (i. 0-1.5).
in consequence of exer- exodontia (eks-o-don'shyah) [G. exo, outwards, +
cise ; cavalry bone, rider's odous {odont-), tooth.] i. Tooth extraction.
bone. 2. Forward protrusion of the teeth.
exfeta'tion [L. ex, out, + exodontist (eks-o-don'tist) One who specializes
.

fetus ^ Ex trauterine in the extraction of teeth.

pregnancy, ectopic ges- EXENOEPHALUS. exog'amy [exo outside, -f gamos, marriage.] Re-
tation. production by conjugation of two unrelated cells.
exfolia'tio [L.] Exfoliation, e. area'ta lin'guse. exogastritis (eks-o-gas-tri'(tre')tis). Inflammation
geographical tongue. of the peritoneal coat of the stomach.
exfolia'tion [ L. ex, out, +
folia, leaves.] Stripping exogastrula (eks-o-gas'tru-lah) [G. exo, outward.]
off in layers or sheets, noting especially a form of A gastrula in which the endoderm is turned. out
desquamation. i nstead of in.

exfoliative exfoUativus.]
(eks-fo'lS-a-tiv)
[L. exogenet'ic [G. exo, outside, -I- genesis, generation.]
Marked by exfoliation or desquamation. Exogenous.
exhalation (eks-ha-la'shun) [L. exhalare, to breath exogenous (ex-oj'en-us) [G. exo, outside, -f- gennao,
out.] I. Expiration, breathing out. 2. The produce.]
I Originating or produced outside.
giving forth of gas or vapor. 3. Any exhaled or e. cy'cle, sexual cycle of the hemoprotozoa,
emitted gas or vapor, emanation. occurring in the non- vertebrate host.
exhale'. To breathe out, expire. 2. To emit a exognathion (eks-og-nath'i-on) [G. exo, outside, -I-
gas or vapor or odor. gnathos, jaw.] The maxilla, exclusive of the os
exhaustion (egz-aws'chun) [L. exhaurire, to drink incisivum, or premaxillary bone.
up, empty.] i. Extreme fatigue, inability to re- exohysteropexy (eks-o-his'ter-o-peks-l) [G. exo,
spond to stimuli. 2. Removal of contents; using on the outside, + hystera, uterus, + pexis,
up of a supply of anything. 3. Extraction of fixation.] Fixation of the fundus of a pro-
the virtues of a drug by treating with water, lapsed uterus outside of the peritoneum under
alcohol, or other solvent. the fascial layer.
exhibit (eg-zib'it) [L. exhibere, to offer, to pre- exometritis (eks-o-me-tri'(tre')tis) [G. exd, outside,
~
sent.] 1. To show, present >:. To to view. + metra, uterus, +-itis.] Inflammation of the
administer or give drug. 3. Anything or any peritoneal coat of the uterus.
collection of things, drugs, instruments, etc.. exomphalos (eks-om'fS-lus) [G. ex, out, + om-
exposed to view. phalos, umbilicus.] Exumbilication. i. Pro-
exhibition (eks-I-bl'shun). J. . A showing forth, ex- trusion of the umbilicus. ^. Umbilical hernia.
EXOPATHIC 34S EXSOMATIZE
ezopath'ic. Noting a disease whose origin is out- filtrationfrom a culture without destruction of
side the body. the producing agent.
exop'athy [G. exo, outside, + pthaos, suffering.] exotro'pia [G exo, outward,' + trope, turn.] Exter-
A disease produced by some cause outside the nal squint.
body. expan'sion [L. expandere, to spread out.] 1 An in- .

ezophoria (eks-o-fo'ri-ah) [G. exo, outward, + crease in size. 2. The spreading out of any struc-
phora, movement.] A
tendency of one eye ture, as a tendon. 3. An expanse, a wide area.
to deviate outward, divergent squint. expectancy (eks-pek'tan-si) [L. expectare, to await.]
exophor'ic. Relating to exophoria. Expectation, life e., the number of years re-
exophthalmic (eks-of-thal'mik) . Relating to ex- maining to one at a given age if he is to reach,
ophthalmos; marked by prominence of the the average length' of life.
eyeball, exophthal'mic goi'ter, a condition expec'tant. Waiting, looking for, e. treat'ment,
marked by prominence of the eyeballs, en- management of a disease by giving little medica-
largement of the thyroid gland, tremor, and tion, but watching for the symptoms or indications
rapid heart action; Graves', Basedow's, and treating them as they arise.
Plajani's, Marsh's, Parson's, or Parry's disease. expecta'tion of life. Life expectancy.*
exophthalmom'eter [exophthalmos + G. metron.] expec'torant [L. ex, out, + pectus, chest.] i. Pro-
An instrument for measuring the amount of pro- moting secretion from the mucous membrane of
trusion of the eyeball. the air-passages or facilitating its expulsion. 2.
exophthal'mos, exophthal'mus [G. ex, out, -I- ophthal- An agent which increases bronchial secretion and
mos, eye.] A protrusion or prominence of the facilitates its expulsion.
eyeball. expectora'tion. i. Sputum mucus and other fluids
;

ex'oplasm [G. exo, on the outside.] Ectoplasm. formed in the air-passages and expelled by
exorbitism (eks-or'bH-tizm) [L. ex, out, -I- orbita, coughing. 2. Spitting; the expelling from the
orbit.] Exophthalmos. mouth of saliva, mucus, and other material from
exosep'sis. Sepsis of external origin. the air-passages, prune-juice e., c. of a thin
exoskereton [G. exo, on the outside, -I- skeleton.} x. reddish fluid containing blood.
All hard parts, such as hair, teeth, nails, feathers, expel' [L. expelUre.l To drive out.
dermal plates, scales, etc., developed from the expiration (ek-spi-ra'shun) [L. exspirare, to breathe
ectoderm or mesoderm in vertebrates. 2. The out.] Exhalation (i), breathing out.
outer chitinous envelope of an insectv expi'ratory. Relating to expiration.
ezosxnose, exosmosis (eks'oz-mos, eks-oz-mo'sis) expire'. 1. To breathe out, to exhale. 2. To die.
Osmosis from within outward, as from the interior explanf [L. ex, out of, from.] To transfer from'
of a blood-vessel. the body to an artificial medium for growth.
exosplen'opexy [G. exo, outside, + splen, spleen, + explode' [L. explodere, to drive away by clapping.]
pexis, fastening.] Suturing the spleen to an I. To cause chemical changes or disintegration
opening in the abdominal wall. accompanied by noisy violence. 2. To burst.
exospore (eks'o-sp5r) [G. ex5, outside, + sporos, 3. To break out suddenly, as an epidemic.
seed.] A spore which forms on the outside, usually explora'tion [L. explorare, to explore.] Examina-
at one or the other end, of a rod bacterium. tion, investigation; a search for S3rmptoms to aid
exospo'rium. The outer envelope of a spore. in diagnosis.
exosto'sis [G. ek, ex, out from, + osteon, bone.] A explor'atory. Relating to or with a view to explora-
bony tumor springing from the surface of a bone, tion, e. incis'ion, e. opera'tion, e. punc'ture, etc.,
most commonly in the form of ossification of an incision, operation, puncture, etc., made in
muscular attachments, den'tal e., a bone-like order to ascertain the condition present.
growth springing from the root of a tooth, e. explo'sion. Asudden discharge of nerve force.
bursa'ta, an e. springing from the joint surface of explo'siye. Capable of, or with a tendency to,
a bone and covered with cartilage and a synovial explosion.
sac. e. cartilagin'ea, an e. springing from the express' [L. expressus; expremere, to press out.] To
epiphysis or joint surface of a bone; an ossified press or squeeze out.
chondroma, i'vory e., a small, rounded, ebur- expression (eks-presh'un). i. Squeezing out, expel-

nated tumor springing from a, bone, usually one ling by pressure. \i. Facies.
of the cranial bones. expul'sive [L. expulsus; expellere, to drive out.]
exoter'ic [G. exoteros, outer.] i. Of external origin, Tending to expel, e. pains, effective labor pains,
arising outside the organism. 2. Ectoblastic. those associated with contraction of the uterine
exotheimic (eks-o-thur'mik) [G. exo, outside, + muscle.
thermos, warmth.] 1. Noting a chemical com- exsanguinate (ek-sang'gwin-at) [L. ex, out, -f-

pound the formation of which is attended with the sanguis, blood.] i. To deprive of blood, to make

development of heat. 2. Relating to the external bloodless. 2. Exsanguine.

warmth of the body. exsanguina'tion. Depriving of blood, making

exothymopexy (eks-o-thi'mo-peks-if). An opera- exsanguine.
tion similar to exothyreopexy performed on exsanguine (ek-sang'gwin). Bloodless, anemic.
the enlarged thymus gland. exsect' [L. exsecius; exsecare, to cut out.] To
exothyreopexy (eks-o-thi're-o-peks-i) [G. exo, excise, to cut out a portion of an organ, a bone,
outside, + shield (thyroid),
thyreos, pexis. + or any other part.
fastening.] Suture of the thyroid gland into exsec'tion. Excision, the cutting out of a portion
an external wound for the purpose of inducing of bone, of an organ, or of any tissue or part.
atrophy. exsic'cant [L. exsiccare, to dry out.]
i. Drying,

exo'tospore [G. exo, outside.] Sporozoite. absorbing a discharge. 2. A dusting or drying

exotox'ic (eks-o-toks'ik). i. Relating to an exo- powder.
toxin. 2. Relating to the introduction of an ex'siccate. To dry, absorb moisture from.
exogenous poison or toxin. exsicca'tion. The process of drying.
exotox'in [G. exo, outside.] A
toxin excreted by a exsomatize (ek-so'mi-tiz) [G. ek, out of, -)- soma,
microorganism, and which can be recovered by body.] To remove from the body.
EXSTROPHY 346 EXTRACTUM
ex'strophy [G. ex, out, + strophe, a turning.] A extracra'nial. Outside of the cranial cavity.
congenital turning out or eversion of a hollow ex'tract. Extractum. alcohol'ic e., a solid e.
organ, e. of the bladder, a congenital absence of obtained by dissolving out in alcohol the princi-
the anterior wall of the bladder and of the abdom- ples of a drug soluble in this fluid, a'queous e.,
inal wall in front of it, the posterior wall of the a solid e. obtained by means of water as a men-
bladder being exposed. struum, equiv'alent e., valoid. flu'id e., fluid-
eztempoia'neous [L. ex, according to, + tempus, extractum. liq'uid e., fluid e. hydroalcohol'ic
time.] Offhand, without preparation, e. mix- e., a solid e. obtained by dissolving out the
ture, one prepared at the time ordered, according principles of the drug soluble in alcohol and water,
to the directions of a prescription, as distinguished and then evaporating the solution.
from a stock preparation. extrac'tion [L. extractus; extrakere, to draw out.]
extend' [L. extendere, to stretch out.] To straighten 1.The pulling out, as of ct tooth. 2. The re-

a limb, to diminish or extinguish the angle moval of the active portion of a drug, the making
formed by flexion; to place the distal segment of of an extract.
a limb in such a position that its axis is continuous extrac'tive. A substance present in vegetable or
with that of the proximal segment. animal tissue which can be separated by success-
extension (eks-ten'shun) [L. extensio.] 1. The ive treatment with alcohol and water and then
act of extending a limb. -z. The position of a recovered by evaporation of the solution.
limb that is extended. 3. A pulling or drag- extrac'tor. An instrument for use in drawing or
ging force exerted on a limb in a direction away pulling out any natural part, as a tooth, or a
from the body. Buck's e., see Buck. foreign body.
exten'sor. A muscle the contraction of which extrac'tum, gen. extrac'ii, pi. extrac'ia [L. ex, out, -i-
tends to straighten a limb; the antagonist of a trahere, to draw.] Extract, solid extract; a
flexor; see iinder musculus. class of pharmacopeial preparations obtained
exte'rior [L.] Outside, external. by the evaporation of alcoholic or aqueous
extern (ek'stum) [F. exierne, outside, a day scholar.] solutions of the soluble principles of drugs;
An advanced student or recent graduate who they are of soft pilular consistency or in the form
assists in the rnedical or surgical care of hospital of dry powder. Most of the extracts are four
patients, but who lives outside of the institution. times the strength of the crude drug. Some
externe' [Fr.] Extern. extracts, especially of the B.P., are made of the
exter'nal [L. externus.'\ Exterior, on the outside; inspissated juice of the fresh plant, e. liq'uidum,
of two similar structures the one farther from the B.P. equivalent of U.S.P. fluidextractum.
the center of the body, lateral; opposed to inter-
e. acal'yphffi liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of
nal, or medial.
acalypha; dose llIs-30 (0.3-2.0).
exteroceptive (eks"ter-o-sep'tiv) [L. exterus, outside,
e. aconi'ti (U.S.), extract of aconite, one part by
+ capere, to take.] Relating to the exterocep- weight representing approximately four parts of aconite
tors, noting the surface of the body containing root; dose gr. % (o.oi).
the end-organs adapted to receive impressions e. adhaCodee lia'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of
or stimuli from without. adhatoda; dose IIU20-60 (1.3-4.0).
exteroceptor (eks"ter-o-sep'tor) [L. evierus, external, e. agrop'yri liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of
-H receptor, receiver.] One of the peripheral end- agropyrum, fluide tract of triticum (U.S.); dose
organs of the afferent nerves in or immediately 3 1-2 (4 0-8.0).
e. al'oes (N.P.), e. al'oes barbaden'sis (Br.), extract
under the skin or external mucous membrane, of aloes, a yellowish brown powder; dose, gr. i-a
which respond to stimulation by external agents. (0.06-0.13).
ex'tima [L. fem. of extinius, outermost; sc. tunica, e. anthem'idis (Br.), extract of chamomile, a soft
coat.] Adventitia, the outer coat of a blood- solid of a dark brown color; dose, gr. 2-10 (o. 12-0.6).
vessel. e. bel'se liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of bael

extinc'tion [L. exiinctus; extinguere, to quench.] fruit; dose 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0).

e. bellidon'nfie alcohol'icum (Br.), alcoholic extract
The act of extinguishing or of being extinguished.
belladonna, a brownish powder, containing 1 per cent,
e. of mer'cury, trituration of mercury with lard
of the alkaloids; dose, gr. i-i (0.016-0.06).
or other vehicle until all visible trace of the metal e. belladon'n» folio' rum (U.S.), extract of bella-
has disappeared. donna leaves, a soft solid of a brownish green color;
ex'tine. The exosporium of a pollen grain. this is the pilular extract of belladonna leaves; the pow-
extinguish (eks-ting'gwish) [L. extinguere, to dered extract, resembling e.b. alcoholicum of the P.B., is
abolish, to quench.] To quench, as a flame; to made by drying the alcoholic extract, mixing with mag-
nesium oxide and starch, and reducing to a fine powder
abolish to cause loss of identity to destroy.
; ;
which should contain 1 .25 per cent, of the alkaloids of
extirpation (eks-tur-pa'shun) [L. exstirpare, to
belladonna leaves; dose gr, Yi (0.015).
root out.] The entire removal of an organ e. belladon'nse liq'uidum (Br.), liquid extract of
or part or of a pathological structure. belladonna (root), containing 0.7s per cent, of alka-
extor'sion [L. extorquere, to twist out.] Outward loids; dose, HDi-i (0.03-0.06).
rotation of a limb or of an organ such as the eye. e. belladon'nse vii'ide (Br.), green extract of bella-

extra-artic'ular. Outside of a joint. donna, an inspissated juice of the fresh leaves and
twigs; dose, gr. i-i (0.016-0.06).
extrabucc'al. Outside of the mouth.
e. can'nabis (U.S.), e. can'nabis in'dici (Br.), extract
extrabulbar (eks-trah-bul'bar). Outside of or of Indian cannabis or Indian hemp, a soft solid of black-
unrelated to any bulb, such as the bulb of the ish green color; dose, gr. i-i (0.008-0.016).
urethra or the medulla oblongata. e. car'nis (N.P.), extract of meat, usually made of
ex"tracap'sular. Outside of the capsule of a joint. foeef though sometimes, especially in Australia, of mut-
extracar'pal. 1. Outside of, having no relation to, ton; it occurs in various forms, powder, semisolid, and

the carpus. 2. On the outer side of the carpus. liquid, containing the nitrogenous bases and variable
extraceU'ular. Outside of the cells. proportions of albumoses; employed chiefly in the
making and flavoring of soups and in fortifying other
extracorporeal (ek"strah-kor-po're-al). Outside of, or
liquid foods; meat extracts contain very little nourish-
unrelated to, the body or any anatomical "corpus." ment and are mainly stimulants.
extracorpus'cular. Outside of the corpuscles, es- e. cas'caiffl sagra'dffi (U.S. and Br.), extract of cas-
pecially the blood-corpuscles. cara sagrada, a dry powder; dose, gr. 2-7i (o.lj-o.s).
 . . J
;

lACTUM 347 EXTRAHEPATIC

cas'carae sagra'dse liq'uidum (Br.), liquid extract e. ka'vse liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of kavae
scara sagrada; dose, 11530-60 (2.0-4.0). rhizoma; diuretic in doses of TI]l3o-6o (3.0-4.0).
cimicif'ug£e (U.S.), extract of cimicifuga or black e. krame'riee (N.F. and Br.), extract of krameria,
sh, a brownish yellow powder; dose, gr. 3-8 or of rhatany, a dry extract; dose, gr. 5-20 (0.3-1 .3),
1-0,5). leptan'drse (N.F.), extract of leptandra; a
e.
cincho'nffi (N.F.), extract of cinchona, extract of
blackish brown powder; dose, gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3).
ya bark, a dry extract of reddish brown color;
e. liq'uidum, liquid extract, the B.P. equivalent of
gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0).
the U.S.P. fluidextractum or fluidextract. The B.P.
cissam'peli liq'uidxim (B.A.), liquid extract of
preparations will be found in this list, under ex-
mpelos; dose, TID30-60 (2.0-4.0).
tractum [name of drug] Hquidum; those of the U.S.P.
col'chici (Br.), extract of colchicum, the inspis-
under fluidextractum.
ijuice of fresh colchicum conns, a soft solid; dose,
e. mal'ti (U.S.), extract of malt, a semisolid of the
-I (o o 1 6-0 06)
. .

corchici cor'mi (U.S.) extract of colchicum corm consistence of thick honey; used as a tonic in doses of
,

! from the dried corms; an extract of pilular 32-4 (8.0-16.0), and as a vehicle.
stence; dose, gr. 2-3 (0.13-0.3). e. nu'cis vom'icfle (U.S. and Br.), extract of nux
colocyn'thidis (U.S.), extract of colocynth, a dry vomica, a dry powder of 5 per cent, strychnine strength;
ler; dose, gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). dose, gr. i-i- (0.015-0.03).
colocyn'thidis compos'itum (U.S. and Br.), com- e. o'pii (U.S. and Br,), extract of opium, a dry

d extract of colocynth, containing colocynth, powder (U.S.) or mass of pilular consistence (Br.)
,cardamom, and scammony; a fine powder; dpse, of so per cent, morphine strength dose, gr. i—
;

-S (0.13-0.3)-
(0,015-0.03).
e. o'pii liq'uidum (Br.), liquid extract of opium,
loni'i(N.F.), extract of conium; dose, gr. J (o .03).
containing 0.75 per cent, morphine, being of the same
digitalis, extract of digitalis, a mass of pilular
strength as the tincture of the B.P,; dose, nps-30
stence; dose, gr. i (0.06).
(0.3-2.0).
ergo'tae (U.S. and Br.), extract of ergot, ergotin,
e. physostig'matis (U.S. and Br.), extract of physo-
b solid; dose, gr. 5-20 (0.3-1 .3).
stigma, extract of Calabar bean, a powder containing
srgo'tse aquo'sum (N.F.), aqueous extract of ergot, 2 per cent, of the ether-soluble alkaloids (U.S.), or a
ctract made with alcohol and chloroform water; firm solid containing an indefinite amount, 2 to 5 per
gr. 3 (0.2). cent., of the alkaloids (Br.); dose. gr. iS-J (0.005—
euoa'ymi (N.F.) extract of
, euonymus, a fine pow- o,oo8);gr. J-i (0,015-0.06) of the B.P. extract.
dose, gr. 1-8 (0.06-0.5). e. picrorrhi'zge liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of
euon'ymi sic' cum (Br.), dry extract of euonymus, picrorrhiza, antiperiodic and tonic in doses of HJ 10-30
ymin, a brown powder; dose, gr. 1-2 (o .06-0 .13). (0.6-2 .0).
fell'is bo'vis (U.S.), extract of oxgall, an alcoholic 6. podophyl'Ii (N.F.), extract of podophyllum, of
,ct, dried and powdered with starch; dose gr. ij pilular consistency; dose, gr. } (0.015).
e. quas'sise (N.P.), extract of quassia, a fine powder;
fer'ri poma'tum (N.F.), ferrated extract of apple, dose, gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2).
e malate of iron; prepared by macerating iron 8. rham'ni purshia'nse, e. cascarae sagradse.
in sour apple pulp; chalybeate tonic in dose of gr. e. rhe'i (U.S. and Br.), extract of rhubarb, yellow-
).6). ish brown mass of pilular consistence; dose, gr. 5-10
fil'icis liq'uidum (Br.), liquid extract of male (o.'3-o.6).
;
dose, 11545-90 (3.0-6.0). e. sco'polse (N.F.), extract of scopola, a powder
gelsem'ii (U.S.), extract of gelsemium, an alcoholic containing 2 per cent, of mydriatic alkaloids; dose, gr.
ict, dried and powdered with magnesium oxide and (0.008-0.015).
i-l
h; dose, gr. i (0 .01). e. stramo'nii (U.S. and Br.), extract of stramonium,
gentian'se (U.S. -and Br.), extract of gentian, a mass of pilular consistence made from the leaves
! of pilular consistence; dose, gr. 1-8 (o 06-0 s).
. .
(U.S.) or from the seed (Br.); the U.S. extract con-
glycyrrhi'zse (U.S. and Br.), extract of licorice, tains I per cent, of mydriatic alkaloids, dose, gr. J-J
rd, black mass, usually found in the shops in the (0.008—0.015); the Br. extract is weaker, dose, gr.
, of sticks; employed chiefly as a flavor and to i— I (0.015-0.06); there is also a powdered extract in
c the taste of bitter drugs. the U.S.P., given in average dose of gr. J (o.ooi).
glycyrrhi'zae depura'tum, purified extract of lic- e. strophan'thi (Br.), extract of strophanthus, a
; prepared by washing commercial extract of powder diluted with milk sugar so as to represent one-
ce and evaporating the solution. half of its weight of strophanthus seed; dose, gr,
glycyrrhi'zae pu'rum "(U.S.), pure extract of J-i (0.008-0.015).
ice, an extract made by means of ammonia and e. sum'bul (U.S.), extract of sumbul, extract of
jrin, of a pilular consistence, a brown color, and a muskroot, a yellowish brown mass of pilular consist-
t taste; used in the preparation of compound ence; dose, gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3).
ice mixture and to cover the taste of bitter drugs. e. tarax'aci (U.S. and Br.), extract of taraxacum,
glycyrrhi'zse spirituo'sum (B.A.), spirituous extract of dandelion, a mass of pilular consistence (the
ict of licorice; extract of licorice 2, water and 90 B.P. extract is the inspissated juice of the fresh root)
ent. alcohol each 1 dose, 5 i— i (2 0-4 o)
; -
dose, gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3)-
gossyp'ii liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of cotton- e. tarax'aci liq'uidum (Br.); dose, 5 1-2 (4.0-8.0).
bark; dose, 1^30-60 (2.0-4.0). e. theba'icum, e. opii.
hfflmatox'yli (N.F.), extract of hematoxylon, e. vibur'ni liq'uidum (B.A.) liquid extract of
,

ict of logwood, a dry extract of sweetish and viburnum; dose 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0).
ngent taste; dose, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). e. vibur'ni prunifo'lii (U.S.), extract of viburnum
hydras'tis (U.S.), extract of hydrastis, extract of prunifoUum, a powdered extract one part by weight of
in seal, an alcoholic extract, dried and powdered which represents five parts of the crude drug; dose, gr.
magnesium oxide and starch; dose, gr. 8 (0.5). a Co-S).
hyoscy'ami (U.S.), extract of hyoscyamus, extract
nbane; of pilular consistence obtained by evapora- Outside of, or un-
extracystic (eks-trah-sis'tik) .

of the fiuidextract; dose, gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13).

hyosc/ami vir'ide (Br.), green extract of hyos- related to, the gall-bladder or urinary bladder
lus, the inspissated juice of fresTi henbane; dose, or any cystic tumor.
-8 (0.13-o.s). extradu'ral. i On the outer side of the dura
.

igna'tiae (N.F.), extract of ignatia, an extract mater. 2. Unconnected with the dura mater.
; with alcohol and water, and, after drying, pow- extraepiphyseal (ek"strah-ep-![-fiz'e-al) Not relat-.

l with starch in quantity sufficient to make the ing to, or connected with, an epiphysis.
ct contain 6 per cent, of the combined alkaloids ex"tragen'ital. Outside of, away from, or unre-
latia; dose gr. i 0.03).
lated to, the genital organs.
jala'p® (N.F. and Br.), extract of jalap, a firm
extrahepat'ic. Outside of, or unrelated to, the liver.
;
dose, gr. S-IS (0.3-1-0).
EXTRALIGAMENTOUS 348 EYE

ex"traligamen'tous. Outside of, or unconnected extraventric'ular. Outside of any ventricle, es-

with, a ligament. pecially of one of the ventricles of the heart.
extramalle'olus. External or lateral malleolus. extravisual (ek-strah-vizh'u-al). Outside the direct
eztramastoiditis (ek'strah-mas-toy-di'(de')tis). In- line of vision, c. zone, the zone outside the visual
flammation of the tissues outside the mastoid zone, in which there is a dispersal of rays not
process. properly focussed.
extramed'ullaiy. Outside or unrelated to any extrem'ital. Relating to an extremity, distal.
medulla, especially the medulla oblongata. extremitas (ek-strem'i-tas) [L. from extnmus, last,
extramu'ral [L. murus, wall.] Outside, not in the outermost.] i. Extremity, limb, one of the
substance, of the wall of a part. arms or legs. 2. One of the ends of an oval or
extraneous (eks-tra'ne-us) [L. extraneus.] Out- elongated organ, such as the kidney or ovary.
side of the organism and not belonging to it. extrin'sic [L. extrinsecus.] Originating outside of
extranuclear (ek"strah-nu'kle-ar). Outside of a the part where found or upon which it acts,
nucleus. noting especially a muscle.
extrapapillary (eks-trah-pap'J-la-ri) . Outside of, extroversion (ek-stro-vur'shun). Turning inside
or unconnected with any papilla or papillary out eversion exstrophy.
; ;

structure. ex'tubate [L. ex, out, -t- tuba, tube.] To remove a

extraparenchymal (eks-trah-par-en'ld-mal). Unre- tube, specifically to extract the tube after
lated to the parenchyma of an organ, belonging laryngeal intubation.
rather to the stroma. extuba'tion. The removal of a tube, specifically
eztraperin'eal. Not connected with the perineum. the removal of the tube after intubation of the
extraperios'teal. Not connected with, or unrelated larynx.
to, the periosteum. ex'udate [L. ex, out, -1- sudare, to sweat.] i. To
extraperitoneal (eks-trah-per-i-to-ne'al) . Outside exude. 2. An exudation; a fluid, often eoagu-
of the peritoneal cavity. lable, or formed elements of the blood, extrav-
extraphysiological (eks^trah-fiz-I-o-loj'i-kal). Out- asated into the tissues or any cavity.
side of the domain of physiology; more than exuda'tion. i. The act of exuding or oozing.
physiological, therefore pathological. 2. A liquid or semisolid which is being discharged
extraplacen'tal. Outside of, or unrelated to, the or has been discharged through the tissues to the
placenta. surface or into a cavity.
extrapo'lar. Outside of, not between the poles of, ex'udative. Relating to the process of exudation or
an electric battery. to an exudate.
extraprostat'ic. Outside of, or independent of, exude' [L. ex, out, -I- sudare, to sweat.] To ooze,
the prostate gland. to pass out gradually through the tissues, said
eztrapurmonaiy. Outside the lungs, having no of a fluid or semisolid.
relation to the lungs. exulcerans (eks-ul'se-ranz) [L. ex, out, + ulcus,
extrapyram'idal. Outside of the pyramidal tracts. ulcer. ] Ulcerating.
extrase'rous. Outside of a serous cavity. exiunbilica'tion [L. ex, out, -I- umbilicus, navel.]
extrasomatic (ek"strah-so-mat'ik). Outside of, or Exopiphalos.
unrelated to, the body. exuviae (ex-u've-e) [L. exuere, to strip off.] Any
extra-systole (eks-trah-sis'to-le). The premature cast-off parts, as desquamated epidermis.
contraction of one or more chambers of the heart,
the fundamental rhythm of the cardiac action Camit «/" fDeseenvetr
being maintained, auric'ular e.-s., premature /StAiemm
contraction of an auricle, inter'polated e.-s., a
contraction occurring between two normal beats
of the heart, no'dal e.-s., a prematiire con-
traction of both chambers together of one side
of the heart, ventrjc'ular e.-s., premature con-
traction of the ventricle.
extratar'sal. 1. Outside of, having no relation to,
the tarsus. 2. On the outer side of the tarsus.
extratracheal (eks-trah-tra'ke-al). Outside of the
trachea.
extratu'bal. Outside of any tube specifically not
;

in the Eustachian or Fallopian tube.

extrauterine (eks-trah-u'ter-in). Outside of the
uterus, e. preg'nancy, ectopic gestation, arrest
of the impregnated ovum and more or less com-
plete development of the embryo in the ovary,
oviduct, or abdominal cavity.
extravaginal (eks-trah-vajl-nal). Outside of the
vagina.
extrav'asate [L. extra, out of, + vas, vessel.] 1. To
exude from or pass out of a vessel into the tissues,
said of blood, lymph, or serum. 2. As a noun,
The Human Eye.
the material so exuding; extravasation, exudate.
extravasation (ek-strav"a-sa'shun). i. The act of eye (i)[A.S. eSg?.] Oculus, ophthalmos, the organ
escaping from a vessel into the tissues, said of of vision. It is a nearly spherical body with
blood, lymph, or serum. 2. Material in the tis- the segment of a smaller sphere (the cornea) set
sues which has escaped from a blood-vessel or in at the anterior pole. It has three coats: an
lymphatic exudate, extra vasate.
; outer fibrous protective Coat (the sclera), a
extravas'cular. Outside of the blood-vessels or middle vascular and pigmented coat (the chorioid),
l3miphatics or of any special blood-vessel. and an inner nervous coat (the retina); the
 ,

349 EYETOOTH
rior part of the sclera is wanting, its place centesis oculi. rupture, ophthalmorrhexis. shrinking,
taken by the transparent cornea; the microphthalmia, sinking in, enophthalmos. soften-
J ing, ophthalmomalacia, specialist in diseases of,
lie and inner coats are also wanting ante- oculist, ophthalmologist, ophthalmiater. specialty or
•f.
The interior of the eye contains the re- diseases, ophthalmology, ophthalmiatrics, ophthal-
.

ing media. Immediately behind the cornea monosoiogy.

te anterior chamber, separated from the eye'ball. The globe of the eye, the eye proper
srior chamber by a retractile diaphragm without the appendages.*
iris), with an aperture in its center (the eye'brow, i, Superoilium, the crescentic line of
7); the anterior and posterior chambers hairs at the upper edge of the orbit, marking
SUed with a clear fluid (the aqueous humor). the upper limit of the upper eyelid. 2. The
posterior chamber is bounded posteriorly arch formed by the upper margin of the orbit.
he most important refracting medium (the eye'lash. Cilium, one of the stiff hairs projecting
alline lens). The cavity of the eyeball from the tarsal margin of the eyelid.
nd the lens is filled with a gelatinous sub- eye'lid. One of the two movable folds of skin
ce (the vitreous humor or vitreous body). (upper and lower eyelids), lined with conjunctiva,
he periphery of the iris, connecting it with continuous with the integument of the face, in
chorioid coat, is the ciliary body, composed front of the eyeball. The free edge of each
le orbiculus ciliaris and the ciliary processes, eyelid is stiffened with a framework of fibrous
lar in structure to the chorioid coat,, and the connective tissue, the tarsus, between which
ry muscle, composed of radial and circular and the conjunctiva are the Meibomian* glands.
riped fibers the ciliary muscle is the muscle
; At the free margin of each eyelid is a row of stiff
ccommodation, acting on the crystalline lens hairs, the cilia or eyelashes. The angle or junction
idjust it for the varying distances of near of the eyelids at either side is called the canthus
m. The optic nerve enters the eyeball near
absence, ablepharon. adhesion between, ankylobleph-
posterior pole and its fibers are distributed aron, blepharosynechia, blepharosymphysis, blepharo-
lieposterior part of the retina. The various cleisis; congenital, cryptophthalmus. discoloration,
cles moving the eyeball are attached to the blepharomelasma, blepharochromidrosis, blepharo-
dyschroia. drooping of upper, ptosis, blepharoplegia,
a externally, amaurot'ic cat's e., a yellow blepharoptosis. edema, blepharedema. eversion,
ix from the dilated pupil in cases of glioma ectropion, ecstiophe, fissure, blepharocoloboma. in-
;he retina, artifi'cial e., a curved disc of ability to close, lagophthalmia. mcision, blepharot-
omy, tarsotomy, inflammation, blepharitis, blephar-
jue glass, with an imitation iris and pupil adenitis, blepharoblennorrhea, blepharopyorrhea. in-
he center, inserted beneath the eyelids and version, entropion, enstrophe. large size, macroble-
ported by the stump left after evisceration or pharia. narrow slit between, blmharophimosis,
blepharostenosis. phlegmon, sty, hordeolum, jilastic
:leation; it may be a thin shell, or a "Snellen surgery, blepharoplasty, tarsoplasty. pouching of
rm eye" which is thicker and hollow, black- upper, blepharochalasis. sebaceous cyst, chalazion,
cchymosis of the lids and their surroundings. chalaza. small size, microblepharia, resulting in
lagophthalmia. suturing, blepharorrhaphy, tarsor-
ag e., the eye, in cases of squint, which is rhaphy, thickening, blepharopachynsis, pachybleph-
cted toward the object looked at. hot e., aron. tumor, blepharoncus, tarsophyma, blepharo-
ty conjimctivitis or episcleritis, pink e., phyma, pladaroma. twitching, blepharospasm blephar- ,

ism, blepharoclonus. wide opening between, blepharo-

;e epidemic conjimctivitis. squint'ing e., diastasis.
eye, in cases of squint, which is not directed
ard the object looked at. wa'tery e., epiphora. eye-mem'ory. Memory chiefly of what is seen.
eyepiece (i'pes). The compound lens at the end
Qce, anophthalmia, ophthalmosteresis. adhesion of the microscope-tube nearest the eye; it mag-
rbital tissues,syncantnus. angle, canthus. arti-
nifies the image made by the lens at the other
1, hypoblepharon. calculus, ophthalmolith, de-
;tion, ophthalmocace, ophthalmolyma, ophthal- end, or the objective see cut under microscope.
;

hthisis. disease, ophthalmopathy, disuse, anop- eye-spec'ulum. Blepharostat, an instrument for

divisioa of a muscle or tendon, ophthalmomy- keeping the eyelids apart during inspection of or
ly. enlargement, ophthalmacrosis, megalophthal-
ezamlnatlon, ophthalmoscopy, excision, enu- operation on the eye.
;ion, ophthahnectomy. fatigue, asthenopia, copi- eye'spot. i. The beginning of the eye in the em-
fissure, coloboma.
, ophthaimocopia, eyestrain,
ening, glaucoma, hemorrhage from, ophthal-
bryo. 2. Acolored spot or plastid (chromato-
rhagia. hemorrhage into, hemophthalmia. ina- phore) in a unicellular organism. 3. Ocellus.
r to close, lagophthalmia. inflammation, ophthal- eyestone (i'ston). A small smooth shell or other
ophthalmitis, entophthalmia, panophthalmia; see object which is inserted beneath the eyelid for
under conjunctiva, measurement, ophthalmom-
oscillation, nystagmus, ophthalmodonesis. pam,
the purpose of removing a foreign body.
almalgia, ophthalmodynia, paralysis of muscles, eyestrain (i'stran). Asthenopia, ophthaimocopia;
halmoplegia, ophthalmoparalysis. pigmentation, tire of the ciliary muscle or of some of the ex-
halmomelanosis. position of axis, normal, iso-
trinsic muscles of the eyeball, due to errors of
ia, mesoropter; deviation up, hyperphoria, hyper-
ia, up and in, hyperesophoria, up and out, hyper- refraction or to imbalance of the ocular muscles;
phoria; dawn, hypophoria, hypotropia, down and m the symptoms are, in different cases, pain in
Jesophoria, down and outward, hypoexophona;_jM,
the eyes, lacrymation, sties, headache, vertigo,
horia, esoptropia, convergent s'rab-smus OTsqumt;
exophoria, exotrooia, divergent strabismus or nausea, and various other reflex symptoms.
nt. protrusion, exoohthalmus, ophthalmocele, eyetooth (i-tooth')- One of the upper canine
;halmoptosis, exorbitism, p ocidentia ocuh. punc-
teeth.
, ophthalmocentesis, paracentesis bulbi, para-
 35° FACUl

F. Abbreviation for field of vision, Fahrenheit; contact surface which looks toward the foUoi
chemical symbol of fluorine. Abbreviation for tooth in the row. f. lingua'lis [BNA], the lin
filial generation, or the offspring resulting from a or inner surface of a tooth, that surface w
certain mating the offspring from an initial mating
; looks toward the tongue, f. masticato'ria [Bl
are called collectively the first filial generation (Fi), the masticating, chewing, or grinding surface
their offspring comprise the second filial genera- tooth, f media'lis [BNA], the proximal surfai
.

tion {F2), etc. an incisor or canine tooth, that contact sui

fabel'la [L. dim. of faba, bean.] One of two small which looks toward the preceding tooth in
fibrocartilages or sesamoid bones in the tendons row. f. os'sea[BNA], the bony skeleton of the!
of .the gastrocnemius muscle. f. ovar'ica, the pinched drawn face of a wo:

fabere sign (fab'S-re) [flexion, abduction, external with ovarian tumor, Wells's facies. f. poi
rotation, extension, these being the movements rior, the posterior or distal contact surface
which elicit, pain when the sign is positive.] premolar or molar tooth, f. symphys'eos, s
Patrick's* test. physeal surface of the pubis. Hutch'inson'
fabia'na [Fabiano, a Spanish botanist.] The dried see Hutchinson, le'onine f., the large furro
leaves and twigs of Fabiana imbricata, pichi, a face, fancifully compared to that of a lion, see
shrub of Chije; recommended in the treatment certain cases of tubercular leprosy, myopa'
of vesical catarrh, renal calculi, and biliousness,"
'
f ., a peculiar appearance caused by protrusio
in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3-0.6) of the extract, or the lips, due to muscular weakness, by droopit
1IK30-60 (2.0-4.0) of the fluidextract. the lids, and by general relaxation of the mu:
fa'bism [L. faba, bean.] Lathyrism. of the face. Par'kinson's f., see Parkin
face [L. fades.] The anterior portion of the head, ty'phoid f., the expression is dull and he;
containing the features. there is often a dusky hue, and the conjunc
facet, facette (fas'et. fS.-set') [Fr. facette.] i. A are injected. Wells's f., f. ovarica.
small smooth area on a bone or other firm struc- faciobrachial (fa-shyo-bra'ld-al). Relating to
ture, z. A worn spot on a tooth. face and the arm, noting a form of juvenile i
Fachingen, Germany (fahkh'ing-en). Alkaline-car- cular dystrophy.
bonated waters. Used by drinking in infectious faciocervical (fa-shyo-sur'vl-kal). Relating to
diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever, in face and the neck, noting a form of progres
malaria, rheumatism, nephritis, the uric acid dystrophy of the muscles of these regions.
diathesis, diabetes, heartburn, gastric catarrh, faciolin'gual. Relating to the face and the ton
and intestinal diseases. noting a paralysis affecting these parts.
facial (fa'shal). Relating to the face. f. pal'sy, f. facioplegia (fa"si-o-ple'ji-ah) [L. facies, face,
paral'ysis, Bell's paralysis, a unilateral paralysis G. plege, a stroke.] Prosopoplegia, facial ps
of the facial muscles supplied by the seventh facioscapulohumeral (fa"shyo-skap"u-lo-hu'mur
nerve, f. percep'tion, the perception of objects, Relating to the face, the scapula, and the u]
their situation and their character, through arm, noting a form of muscular dystrophy, 01
sensation in the skin of the face; sometimes felt fantUe progressive muscular atrophy.
in the dark by the seeing, but more commonly F.A.C.P. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Air
present in the blind, f. spasm, mimic tic. f. can College of Physicians.
sur'face, the labial or buccal surface of a tooth; F.A.C.S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Am
opposed to the lingual surface. can College of Surgeons.
facies (fash'e-Sz) [L.] i. Face, countenance. 2. factitious (fak-tish'us) [L. factitius, made by 1

Expression. 3. [BNA] Surface, f. abdomina'- not natural; said especially of cer

Artificial,.
lis, a pinched expression of the face occurring in lesions of the skin.
one suffering from disease of the abdominal factor (fak'tor) [L. maker, causer.] x. One of

viscera, f. ante'rior [BNA], the anterior or contributing causes in any action, z. The
proximal contact surface of a premolar or molar two figures in the specific gravity of a specime
tooth, f. bucca'lis [BNA], the buccal surface of urine, multiplication of which by a definite fij
a premolar or molar tooth, f. cerebra'lis, the gives a formula for estimating the amount of sc
internal surface of a cranial bone. f. contac'tus preseni; see Trapp-Haeser formula. 3. Gene,
[BNA], contact surface, that surface of a tooth facultative (fak'ul-ta-tiv) [L. facultas, facu
which touches its neighbor in the same row; it is Having the power to do a thing but not h
called the proximal surface (f medialis of canine
. obliged to do it. f. a'erobe, a bacterium whic
or incisor, f. anterior of premolar or molar) normally anaerobic but which can adapt itsei
when it looks toward the preceding tooth in the aerobic conditions, f. ana'erobe, a bacter
row, the distal surface (f. lateralis of canine or which is normally aerobic but which is capabl
incisor, f. posterior of premolar or molar) when growth in the absence of oxygen, f. hyper
it looks toward the succeeding tooth in the row. tro'pia, f . hypero'pia, that part of existing hy
f hepat'ica, a thin face, with sallow skin, yellow-
. metropia which can be corrected by an effoi
ish conjunctivae, and sunken eyeballs, noted in the accommodation, f . par'asite, a microbe wl
certain chronic affections of the liver, f. hippo- is normally saprophytic but may on occa

crat'ica, Hippocratic* facies. f. labia'lis [BNA], become parasitic, f. Bap'rophyte, a mici

the anterior, or labial, surface of an incisor or which is usually parasitic but which may,
canine tooth, f. latera'lis [BNA], the lateral or occasion, live and grow as a saprophyte.
distal surface of an incisor or canine tooth, that tac'ulty [L. facultas; facilitas, ease.] i. Capabilit
 .;

FACULTY 3SI FARADIZATION

some special direction. 2. The properly qualiiied two cerebral hemispheres; it is attached ante-
members of some body or profession, as the riorly to the crista galli of the ethmoid and behind
medical faculty. 3. An organized collection of to the upper surface of the tentorium, f.
individuals authorized to teach in a university or inguinalis [BNA], conjoined or conjoint tendon;
in a special school of the university, and em- common tendon of insertion of the transversus
powered in the name of the university to grant and obliquus internus muscles into the crest
degrees. and spine of the pubis and iliopectineal line, f
faded-leaf appear'ance. The peculiar speckled ligamento'sa, falciform ligament, the broad
appearance noted in the fatty cardiac muscle in ligament of the liver.
pernicious anemia. fa'mes [L.] Himger. f. cani'na, f. bovi'na, bulimia.
fee'ces. Feces. famil'ial [L. familia, family.] Family-; affecting
Fagaia flava (fS-gah'rah flah'vah). West Indian several members of the same family, noting
satinwood. especially certain nervous diseases.
Faget's sign (fa-zha') Qean Charles Paget, French fam'ily [L. familia, household.] i. A group of
physician, *i8i8.] A
falling pulse with a rising blood relatives, or, more strictly, the parents and
or horizontal temperature curve, claimed to be their children. 2. In biological classification a
pathognomonic of yellow fever. division, denoted by the termination -idcB, be-
fagop'yrism, fagopyris'mus [L. fagus, beech, + tween the order and the genus.
pyros, wheat.] Poisoning by buckwheat, an fam'ine-fe'ver. Relapsing* fever.
idiosyncrasy marked by nausea and vomiting, fang [A.S. fohan, to seize.] 1. A long tooth or tusk
urticaria,and irritation of the conjunctiva and 2. The hollow tooth of a snake through which the
nasal mucous membrane. venom is ejected. 3. The root of a tooth, espe-
Fahrenheit scale (fahr'en-hit skal) [Gabriel Daniel cially one of the two or three tapering or flattened
Fahrenheit, German physicist, 1686—1736.] The projections forming the root of a molar tooth.
degree markings on the F. thermometer, in which fang'hole. The infundibulum, or mark, in an in-
the freezing point is 32°, the point of boiling cisor tooth of the horse.
water 212°, the zero indicating the lowest tem- fango (fang'go) [It. mud.] Mud from the Battaglio
perature F. could obtain by a mixture of ice and thermal springs in Italy, applied externally in
salt. A degree F. is f of a degree Celsius,* f of the treatment of rheumatism and other diseases
a degree Reaumur.* (See the Appendix.) of the joints and muscles, f. ther'apy, f. treat'-
faint (fant). i. Extremely weak, threatened with ment, treatment of rheumatic, gouty, and other
syncope. 2. An attack of syncope. diseases by applications of f. or other muds.
faith-cure. The system of treatment of disease by Farabeuf's amputa'tion (far-4-befO [Louis Hubert
the suggestion that a, return to health will cer- Fardbeuf, Paris surgeon, 1841-1910.] Amputa-
tainly occur. tion of the leg, the
fal'cate, fal'cifonn [L. falx, sickle, + forma, form.] flap being large and
Sickle-shaped, crescentic. on the external side.
falcial (fal'shal). Relating to the falx cerebelli or F.'s opera'tion, isch-
falx cerebri. iopubiototny. F.'s
fal'cula [L. dim. of falx.l Falx cerebelli. saw, a saw with the '

fal'cular. i. Relating to the falx cerebelli. a. blade so set in the

Crescentic, sickle-shaped. frame that it can be
fallec'tomy. Salpingectomy. inclined at any angle
fall'ing of the womb. Prolapsus uteri, procidentia and there fixed.
uteri,metroptosia, hysteroptosia. far'ad [Faraday.] A
fall'ing-sickness. Epilepsy. practical unit of
Fallo'pian aq'ueduct [GabrieleFo/fc^io, orFalloppio, electrical capacity,
Italian anatomist, 1523-1562.] Aquaeductus being the capacity
Fallopii, facial canal, a minute opening giving of a condenser hav-
passage to the facial nerve through the petrous ing a charge of one
portion of the temporal bone. F. arch, F. liga- coulomb under an
ment. F. canal', F. aqueduct. F. hia'tus, an electromotive force
opening on the cerebral side of the petrous bone of one volt.
giving passage to the great superficial petrosal farada'ic. Faradic. Farabeuf's Amputation: The
F. Faraday's laws (fSr'S- heavy line indicates the line of
nerve, the motor branch of the Vidian. incision for the external flap
J \ n\T:«i,«.^i c«*^
[Michael Foro-
lig'ament, Poupart's ligament, Ugamentum* in- da) ^j^^^^^^^^ ,i„^_ ^^^^ incision
guinale. F. neuri'tis, a perineuritis of the facial day, English physi- on the inner side of the leg.
nerve in the F. canal, producing pressure on the cist, 1791-1867.]
nerve and consequent facial paralysis. F. tube, 1. The amount of an electrolyte decomposed by
oviduct, tuba*uterina. galvanic current
a. proportional to the strength
is

fallos'tomy. Salpingostomy. of the current. When the same current is

2.

fallot'omy. Salpingotomy. passed through several electrolytes, the amounts

false. Artificial, not real; in composition, pseudo-. of the different substances decomposed are pro-
falx [L. sickle.] One of two sickle-shaped partitions portional to their chemical equivalents. F.
of dura mater between the cerebral and cerebellar space, a dark space between the positive column
hemispheres, f. aponeurot'ica, f. inguinalis. f. and the negative glow when a current is passed
cerebel'li [BNA], a short process of dura mater through a partially exhausted tube.
projecting forward from the internal occipital farad'ic. Relating to induced electricity.
crest below the tentorium; it occupies the pos- farad"ipun'cture. The application of faradic elec-
terior cerebellar notch and the vallecula, and tricity by means of needle electrodes thrust into
bifurcates below into two diverging limbs pass- the tissues.
ing to either side of the foramen magnum, f. far'adism, Faradic (induction) electricity.
cer'ebri [BNA], the double fold of dura mater faradiza'tion. The therapeutic application of the
in the great longitudinal fissure between the faradic, or induced, electrical current.
FARADIZE 3S2 FASCICULUS

far'adize. To treat by means of an induced or mass, bul'bi [BNA], f. of the- eyeball, Tenon's
f.

faradio electrieal current. capsule, a hemispherical connective-tissue bag

faiadocontractility (far"a-do-kon-trak-tll'i-tI). The enclosing the posterior portion of the eyeball,
contractility of the muscles under the stimulus ending anteriorly at the conjunctival fornix; it
of a faradio current. is pierced by the optic nerve and the tendons of

f aradomuscular (f ar°i-do-mus'ku-lar) Noting the

. the ocular muscles along whicfi it sends pro-
effect of applying a faradic, current directly to longations, f. cine'rea [L. j:inereus, ashen], a
a muscle. band-like structure passing from each lateral
faradonervous (f ar"a-do-nur'vus) . Noting the stria of the corpus callosum below the germ to
effect of faradization of a nerve trunk. the dentate f. f. cremaster'ica. Cooper's f., one
farcin du boeuf (far-san'du-bSf) [Fr. cattle farcy.] of the coverings of the spermatic cord, formed of
A cattle disease in Guadaloupe, characterized deticate connective tissue and of muscular fibers
by suppurative lymphadenitis and lymphangitis, derived from the internal oblique muscle.
the glands discharging a creamy pus containing f. cribro'sa [BNA], cribriform f., the part of the

Actinomyces jarcinica. superficial fascia of the thigh which covers the

farcino'ma. Farcy-bud. oval fossa, or saphenous opening, f. denta'ta
far'cy [L. farcire, to stuff.] A form of equinia in hippocam'pi [BNA], dentate fascia of the hippo-
which the cutaneous lesions predominate, f. campus, gyrus dentatus, a rudimentary gyrus of
bud, f. butf on, farcinoma, one of a number of the temporal lobe continuous with the f cinerea; .

nodules formed along the course of the sub- it is a toothed band of gray matter between the
cutaneous lymphatics in cases of equinia. f. oil upper surface of the gyrus hippocampi and the
the yellowish, viscid discharge from f.-buds fimbria, being partly covered by the latter from
f . pipe, a hard cord in the skin in chronic glanders, which it is separated by the sulcus fimbrio-
resulting from induration of a lymphatic vessel. dentatus. f. diaphrag'matis pel'vis infe'iior
far'del-bound [Fr. fardeau, a package, load.] Reten- [BNA], anal or ischiorectal f., covering the
tion of food in the third stomach of a ruminant. outer surface of the pelvic diaphragm, f. dia-
farfara (far'far-ah) [L. farfarus, coltsfoot.] (N.F.) phrag'matis pel'vis supe'rior [BNA], recto-
Coltsfoot leaves, tussilago leaves, the dried vesical fascia, the layer of f covering the upper
.

leaves of Tussilago farfara; employed chiefly in surface of the pelvic diaphragm and forming the
domestic practice in the treatment of bronchitis inner sheath of the levator ani muscle, f. dia-
in dose of 5i (4'0)i or iii infusion, or as candy. phrag'matis urogenita'lis infe'rior [BNA], super-
farl'na [L.] Flour, meal. f. ave'nse, oatmeal, ficial or perineal layer of the triangular liga-
prepared from the grain of Avena saiiva, official ment, f. diaphrag'matis urogenitalis supe'rior
in the U.S.P. of 1870; in the form of gruel it is [BNA], deep or pelvic layer of the triangular
employed as a laxative article of diet and also ligament, f. la'ta [BNA], broad fascia, the strong
externally as a poultice, f. trit'ici (Br.), wheaten fascia enveloping the muscles of the thigh.
flour, the ground and sifted grain of Triticum f. obturato'ria [BNA], the portion of the pelvic

sativum, wheat; an article of diet, sometimes f which passes across and closes, except for the
.

employed externally, moistened with hot milk or obturator canal, the obturator foramen, f pal- .

water, as a poultice. ma'ris,. aponeurosis palmaris [BNA]. f. plan-

farina'ceous. 1. Relating to farina or flour, x. ta'ris, aponeurosis plantaris [BNA]. f. trans-

Starchy. versa'lis, the lining fascia of the abdominal

Farm'ville Lith'ia Springs, Virginia. Alkaline-car- cavity, between the inner surface of the abdomi-
bonated waters. Eight or ten springs. Used by nal musculature and the peritoneum, f. trian-
drinking in gout, dyspepsia, Bright's disease, and gula'ris abdom'inis, CoUes's reflex ligament,
in renal and vesical calculus. The entire year. ligamentum* inguinale reflexum. intercolum'-
far-point. Punctum remotum, the distance at nar f., fibrse intercolumnares, fibrse intercrurales
which an object must be upon which the eyes [BNA]. semilu'nar f., lacertus fibrosus
can be focussed without an effort of accommoda- [BNA]. superflc'ial f., a loose fibrous envelope
tion about twenty feet.
; beneath the skin, containing more or less fat in
Far'rant's flu'id. Afluid containing gum arable, its meshes (panniculus adiposus) or fasciculi
glycerin, and arsenic, for the preservation of of muscular tissue (panniculus camosus); it
delicate anatomical specimens. contains the cutaneous vessels and nerves and is
Farre's line (far) [Frederick John Farre, English in relation by its under surface with the deep
gynecologist, 1804-1886.] A whitish line mark- fascia.
ing the insertion of the mesovarium on the ovary. fascial (fash'yal). Relating to any fascia.
Farre's tu'bercles (far) [John Richard Farre, English fascicle (fas'l-kl) [L. fasciculus, a small bundle.]
physician, 1775-1862.] Nodules of cancerous In botany, a cymose inflorescence formed of a
tissue on the surface of the liver. number of flowers on pedicels of equal length.
far-sight. Hypermetropia, hyperopia, presbyopia. fascicled (fasl-kld). Fasciculated; in botany grow-
farsight'edness. The condition of having far-sight. ing in a tuft or bundle.
fascia (fash'yah), pi. jasciee [L. a band or fillet.] fascic'ular. Relating to a fasciculus; arranged in
I. A sheet of fibrous tissue enveloping the body the form of a bundle or collection of rods.
beneath the skin, and also enclosing the muscles fascic'ulate, fascic'ulated. Fascicular.
and groups of muscles and separating their fascicula'tion (fa-sik-u-la'shun). An arrangement
several layers or groups. 2. Same as fascia in the form of fasciculi.
dentata. bicipital f., lacertus fibrosus [BNA]. fasciculus, gen. and pi. fasciculi (fS-sik'u-lus) [L.
deep f., a thin fibrous membrane, devoid of fat, dim. of fascis, bundle.] Fascicle; a small band or
which invests the muscles, separating the several bundle of fibers, usually of muscle- or nerve-fibers.
groups and the individual muscles, forms sheaths
atrioventric'ular or auriculoventric'ular f ., His's band
t|nfor the nerves and vessels, becomes specialized
or bundle, atrioventricular bundle.*
around the joints to form or strengthen ligaments, f. ante'rior pro'prius [BNA], proper anterior fas-
envelops various organs and glands, and binds ciculus, anterior ground or basis bundle, Flechsig's
all the structures together into a firm, compact fasciculus; a subdivision of the anterior funiculus or
VSCICULUS 3S3 FASCIOLA

white column of the spinal cord, containing fibers portion of the centrum ovale of the cerebral hemi-
from the cells of the cord itself. sphere, connecting the frontal, occipital, and temporal
f. anterolatera'lis superficia'lis [BNA], superficial lobes; the fibers pass from the frontal lobe through the
anterolateral fasciculus, Gowers' tract; a tract of operculum to the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure,
ascending fibers on the lateral surface of the spinal where many fibers radiate into the occipital lobe and
cord anterior to the cerebellospinal fasciculus. others turn downward and forward around the putamen
f, arcua'tus, f. longitudinalis superior. and pass to the anterior portion of the temporal lobe.
f. cerebellospina'lis [BNAl, cerebellospinal fasciculus f. macula'ris, the collection of fibers in the optic
direct cerebellar tract of Flechsig; a band-like tract of nerve directly connected with the macula lutea.
ascending white fibers on the posterolateral surface of f. margina'lis, Spitzka's* marginal tract.
the spinal cord immediately in front of the line of f. obli'quus pon'tis [BNA], oblique bundle of the
entrance of the posterior nerve-roots. pons, a bundle of fibers in the ventral surface of the
f, cerebrospinal lis ante'rior [BNA], anterior cere- pons running from the anterior mesial portion outward
brospinal or pyramidal fasciculus, Tuerck's column, and backward.
direct pyramidal tract, a subdivision of the anterior i. occipitofronta'lis, occipitofrontal fasciculus, a
funiculus, or white column, of the spinal cord. bundle of fibers running from the frontal to the occipi-
f. cerebrospina'Us latera'lis [BNA], lateral cerebro- tal lobes of the cerebrum, close to the lateral ventricle,
spinal or pyramidal fasciculus, crossed pyramidal and believed by some anatomists to constitute the
tract; a tract of descending fibers in the spinal cord greater part of the tapetum.
just anterior to the cerebellospinal fasciculus and to f. ova'lis, median root zone, a collection of special

the outer side of the posterior column or horn of gray nerve-fibers in the posterior funiculus, or white coliunn,
matter. of the spinal cord near the posterior septum.
10 f . pedun'''culomamilla'ris[ BNA], pedunculomammil-
lary f.or bundle, pedunculus corporis mamillaris, a
fiber tract running from the corpus mamillare to the
tegmentum and base of the cerebral peduncle.
f.. pro'prius, ground-bundle, see f. lateralis proprius.

f. pyramida'lis ante'rior, f. cerebrospinalis anterior.

i. pyramida'lis latera'lis, f. cerebrospinalis lateralis.

f. retroflex'us [BNA], retroflex fasciculus, Meynert's
retroflex bundle, a small band of fibers coming from the
nucleus habenulse running downward and forward in
the tegmentum to the interpeduncular ganglion.
f. rotun'dus, f. solitarius.

f, Bolita'riuSf solitary f., a bundle of longitudinal

5 4 fibers beginning at the upper part of the medulla and

running down, on the outer side of the vagus nucleus,
Section op the Spinal Cord in the Cervical
:oss
Region (Schematic): i. Fasciculus cuneatus, Bur- to the level of the fourth cervical nerve; most of its
dach's column; 2, fasciculus cerebrospinalis lateralis, fibers belong to the glossopharyngeal nerve,
crossed pyramidal tract; 3, fasciculus lateralis pro- f. subcallo'sus, a bundle of association fibers running
prius, lateral ground bundle; 4, fasciculus anterior beneath 'the corpus callosum from the frontal to the
proprius, Flechsig's fasciculus, anterior ground bundle; occipital lobes.
S, fasciculus cerebrospinalis ventralis, direct
pyram-
f te'res, a bundle of nerve-fibers in the floor of the
.
idal tract, fasciculus inter-
Tuerck's fasciculus; 6,
medius; 7, fasciculus anterolateralis superficiahs, fourth ventricle on either side of the central groove,
Gowers' tract; 8, fasciculus cerebellospinalis, Flech- between it and the fovea superior; its surface indica-
sig's direct cerebellar tract; 9. fasciculus marginalis, tion is the eminentia teres.
Spitzka's, or Lissauer's, marginal tract; 10, fasciculus f. thal"amomamilla'ris [BNA], thalamomammillary
gracilis, GoU's tract or column. {Landouzy andjayle). bundle, bundle of Vicq d'Azyr, a thick bundle of fibers
which passes upward from the corpus mamillare on
f, cunea'tus [BNA], wedge-shaped fasciculus, col-
either side to terminate in the anterior nucleus of the
umn or tract of Burdach, the outer tract of the thalamus.
posterior funiculus, or white column, of the spinal f. uncina'tus [BNA], uncinate, unciform, or hooked
cord, containing many fibers from the posterior nerve-
f., a band of long association fibers connecting the
roots.
frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebrum, running
f. ex'ilis^ a small bundle of muscle-fibers arising backward in the orbital portion of the frontal lobe,
from the medial epicondyle of the humerus or the arching over the Sylvian fissure, and then passing for-
coronoid process of the ulnar, and joining the flexor ward toward the temporal pole.
longus poUicis muscle.
f. grac'ilis [BNA], slender fasciculus, column or
fasciodesis (fash-yod'es-is) [fascia +. G-. desis, a
tract of Goll; the inner division of the posterior funicu-
lus, or white column, of the spinal cord, containing binding together.] The operative attachment of
ascending sensory fibers. a fascia to another fascia or a tendon.
interme'dius, the
f. rubrospinal, cerebellospinal, Fasciola (fa,-se'o-lah) [I^. dim. of fascia.] A genus
lateral vestibulospinal, and oUvospinal tracts collect- of Trematoda or flukes. F. america'na, F.
ively. magna, Distomum magnum, ix fluke found in the
f. latera'lis pro'prius [BNA], proper lateral fasciculus,
lungs and liver of cattle in North America it is not
;

Flechsig's lateral fasciculus, lateral ground or basis

known to infest man. F. hepat'ica, F. huma'na,
bundle; a tract constituting the inner portion of the
lateral funiculus or white column of the spinal cord, Distomum. hepaticum, the ordinary liver fluke,
containing association fibers from cells of the cord inhabiting the bileducts of man and many of
itself. the lower animals; the intermediate host is a
f. longitudinalis infe'rior, inferior longitudinal f., a snail {Limneus truncaiuliis, L. humilis, L. viator)
well marked bundle of long association fibers running from which .the cercaria escape and become
the whole length of the occipital and temporal lobes
encysted on watercress, lettuce, and other vege-
of the cerebrum, in part parallel with the inferior
tables by means of which they gain access to the
horn of the lateral ventricle. '

longitudina'Us media'lis [BNA], medial longitudi-

f.
intestinal canal. F. lanceola'ta, Dicrocelium
nal fasciculus, posterior longitudinal bundle, a longi- lanceatum. F. mag'na, F. americana*
tudinal bundle of fibers running from the mesencepha- fasciola (fa.-se'o-lah) [L. dim. oi fascia, band, fillet.]
lon to the spinal cord through the tegmentum of the A small band or group of fibers, f cine'rea [L.
.

cerebral peduncle, between the central gray stratum cinereus, ashen], a band-like structure arising
and the red nucleus, just beneath the floor of the fourth from the lateral stria of the corpus callosum,
ventricle.
longitudina'Us supe'rior, superior longitudinal which passes down to terminate below the sple-
f.

f., a bundle of long association fibers in the lateral nium in the fascia dentata of the hippocampus.
 ; ;

FASCIOLAR 3S4 FEBRIS

fasci'olar. Relating to the fasciola cinerea. Inflammation of the fauces.

faucitis (faw-si'(se')tis).
Fasciolop'sis [Fasciola +
G. opsis, form, appearance.] Fau'quier White Sulphur Springs, Virginia. Alka-
A genus of Trematoda or flukes. F. bus'ki, line-chalybeate-sulphureted waters, 55° P.
Distomum buski, D. crassum, a species found in Used by drinking in dyspepsia, disorders of the
the intestine of man in Eastern and Southern intestines and liver, dropsy, Bright's disease,
Asia. F. rathoui'si, Distomum rathouisi, found neurasthenia, anemia, aild the disorders of women.
in only a few recorded cases in the intestine or The entire year.
liver in Chinese. Fauvel's gran'ules (fo-vel') [Sulpice Antoine Fauvel,
fasciotomy [fash-I-ot'o-mi) [L. fascia + G. tome, French physician, 1813-1884.] Peribronchitic
incision.] Incision through a fascia. abscesses.
fascitis (fas-si'(se')tis). Inflammation of a fascia. fave'olate. Pitted.
fastiga'tum [L. fasiigaius, sloping down.] Nucleus fave'olus [L. dim. of favus, honeycomb.] small A
fastigii, or roof nucleus, in the white substance of pit or depression.
the vermis of the cerebellum. favus (fah'vus) [L. honeycomb.] Tinea favosa, t.
fastigium (fas-tiji-um) [L. the ridge of a roof.] lupinosa, porrigo favosa, honeycombed ringworm
1. [BNA] Summit of the roof of the fourth a skin disease of childhood, marked by the forma-
ventricle, an angle formed by the union of the tion of yellow saucer-shaped crusts around the
anterior and posterior medullary vela pushing hair-follicles on the body; it is due to the presence
up into the substance of the vermis. 2. The of a fungus, A
chorion schonleinii. t. herpet'icus,
acme or height of a fever or any acute disease. a form characterized by an eruption of vesicles
fat [A.S. feet.] i. Obese, adipose, corpulent. 2. capped with yellow points, f. herpetiform'is,
Oily, greasy. 3. A greasy, soft-solid material, f. mu'rium, mouse favus, a fatal form of
found in animal tissues and many plants, com- favus, caused by A
chorion quitickeanum, attack-
posed of palmitin, stearin, and olein (or a com- ing mice, sometimes seen in mild form in man.
pound of glycerin with palmitic, stearic, and f. mu'rium, mouse f., f. herpetiformis, f. of the

oleic acids) in varying proportions, neu'tral f., nails, onychomycosis favosa.

a compound of one of the fatty acids (oleic, fear [A.S. Apprehension, dread, alarm.
fisr.]
palmitic, or stearic) and glycerin; same as mor'bid phobia,* an abnormal timidity or
f.,

fat (3). abject fear in relation to a certain object, place,

fat-em'bolisiii. Plugging of a blood-vessel by oil- action, etc. ; such as fear of being in a closed room
globules. (claustropPiobia) or in an open space (agoraphobia),
fat'igable [L. faiigare, to tire, -I- habilis, apt.] Tir- etc. for a list of these words see under phobia.
;

ing on very slight exertion. featural sur'geiy (fe'chu-ral). Plastic surgery of

fatigabil'ity [L. faiigare, to tire, + habilitas, apti- the face, having for its object the correction
tude.] Condition in which fatigue is easily of congenital defects in the nose and other
induced. features.
fatigue (f3,-teg') [Fr.] A
state of tire, weariness, features (fe'churz) [L. faciura; facere, to do.] The
lassitude following exertion, f. antitoz'in, see —
various parts of the face forehead, e3res, nose,
under fatigue toxin.* f. disease', professional mouth, chin, cheeks, and ears, which give to it
neurosis.* f. fe'ver, see under fever, f. poi'son its individuality and character.
f. toxin.* f. reac'tion, elevation of temperature feb'ricant. Febrific, febrifacient, producing fever.
following muscular exertion in sufferers from feb'ricidfe [L. febris, fever, +
ccedere, to kill.] Febri-
active tuberculosis, f. tox'in, see under toxin. fuge, antip5Tetic.
fat'ness. The condition of being fat; obesity, cor- febricity (fS-brisl-tl) Feverishness.
pulence, adiposity. febric'ula [L. dim. of' febris, fever.] Simple contin-
fat-pad. Sucking pad, corpus adiposum buccae ued fever; a mild fever of short duration, of
[BNA]. indefinite origin, and without any distinctive
fat-soluble A. A term proposed by McCoUum pathology.
and Kennedy for a class of substances in foods febrifa'cient [L. febris, fever, -I- facere, to make.]
which are essential for growth and maintenance ±. Causing fever, febrific. a. Anything which
they are vitamines, contained especially in butter produces fever.
and other animal fats, but little if at all in febrif'ic.Febrifacient.
vegetable oils. febrifugal. Febrifuge (i).
fat-splitting (f at'split-ing) . Lipoclastic, lipolytic. febrifuge (feb'ri-fuj) [L. febris, fever, +
fugare, to
fat'ty. Relating in any sense to fat. f. acid, any put to flight.] I. Febrifugal, febricidal, anti-
acid, especially oleic, palmaric, or stearic, which pyretic, reducing fever. ^. A remedy for fever.

in combination with glycerin forms fat. f. 3. A

mixture of cinchona alkaloids, of uncertain
degenera'tion, infiltra'tion, etc., see the nouns. composition, prepared at the cinchona plantations
fauces, gen. fau'cium (faw'sSz) [L. the throat.] The in the East Indies.
space between the cavity of the mouth and the febrile (feb'ril,.fe'bril). Relating to fever, feverish,
pharynx, ante'rior pill'ar of the f ., arcus glosso- pyretic.
palatinus [BNA]. isth'mus of the f., isthmus fe'bris [L.] Fever, f. acmas'tica [G. akmasiikos,
f aucium, the constricted opening forming the pos- in full bloom], continued fever.* f. bilio'sa
terior opening of the cavity of themouth, bounded cesta'tis, pernicious remittent fever, f. bilio'sa

laterally by the anterior pillars of the fauces, remittens, (1) malarial hemoglobinuria;* (2) un-
above by the velum pendulum palati, and below dulant* fever, f. bullo'sa, pemphigus acutus. f.
by the epiglottis, pill'ars of the f., two mucous car'nis [L. caro, gen. camis, flesh], meat fever, an
folds on either side of the fauces enclosing the elevation of temperat\u:e occurring sometimes
tonsil, poste'rior pill'ar of the f., arcus pharyngo- during convalescence from typhoid or other con-
palatinus [BNA]. tinued fever, when the patient returns to a meat
Fauchard's disease' (fo-shar') [Pierre Fauchard, diet. f. colomben'sis, Colombo fever.* f.
Parisian dentist, fi?^!-] Alveolar periostitis, comita'ta, pernicious intermittent or remittent
pyorrhea alveolaris, Riggs's disease. fever, f. complica'ta, undulant* fever, f. con-
faucial (faw'shal). Relating to the fauces. tin'ua, continued fever, f. monoleptica. f. en-
fEBRIS 35S FEMORAL
dem'ica cum rose'ola, dengue, f. epacmas'tica mental deiiciency, morosis; this use of the
of
[G. epahmastikos, coming to a height], a fever word is being gradually abandoned.
increasing steadily until its acme is reached, feel'ing. i. The mental perception of a stimulus of
then declining by crisis or lysis, f. flava, yel- the sensory nerves, apart from those of sight,
low* fever, f. glandula'ris, glandular fever.* f. hearing, taste, and smell, a. A
quality of any
herpej'ica, an ephemeral fever accompanied with mental state, whereby it is recognized as pleas-
an herpetic eruption on the face. f. lac'tea, urable or the reverse, ambiv'alent feel'ings, see
milk fever*(i). f. larva'ta, dumb ague, masked
intermittent fever, f. milia'ris, (i) miliary*
ambivalent, i. tone, the mental state
—
repugnance, etc. ^which accompanies every act
—
pleasure,

fever (i), sweating sickness; (2) f sudoralis, un-

. or thought.
dulant* fever, f monolep'tica [G. monos, single,
. feet. Plural of foot.
-f teptikos, relating to an attack of disease], (Fe2)2(FeCjH,)3. Ferric ferrocyanide, Prussian blue
noting a fever having but one seizure, a con- FejCFejCijNij). Ferrous ferricyanide, TumbuU's
tinued fever; distinguished from f. polyleptica. blue.
f. nervo'sa, nervous fever, typhoid* fever, f. Fehleisen's streptococ'cus (fal'i-zen) [Friedrich
nosocomia'lis, typhus* fever, f, parameliten'- Fehleisen, German physician, *i854.] Strepto-
sis, paramalta fever.* f. petechia'Iis, coccus erysipelatos.
typhus* fever, f. polylep'tica [G. polys, many, Fehling's rea'gent or solu'tion (fa'ling) [Hermann
-f- leptikos,relating to an attack of disease], von Fehling, German chemist, 1812-1885.] ('^)
noting a fever occurring in two or more parox- Crystallized copper sulphate 40, distilled water
ysms, as smallpox, relapsing fever, or intermit- 160; (b) caustic soda 130, neutral potassium tar-
tent fever; distinguished from /. monolepiica. f- trate 160, distilled water 600; mix the two solu-
lecidi'va, relapsing* fever, f . recur'rens, relaps- tions at the time of using. When added to
ing* fever, f. ru'bra, scarlatina, f. sudora'lis, saccharine urine and heated, a brick-red precipi-
undulant* fever, t. tritse'a [irilaios, on the third tate of copper oxide is thrown down; 5 eg. of
day], tertian intermittent fever, f. un'dulans, glucose will reduce 10 c.c. of the solution.
undulant* fever, f. urethra'lis, catheter fever, FejHgO,. Ferric hydrate, hydroxide of iron.
urinary fever.* f. vesicato'ria, f. bullosa, f. fel, gen. fel'lis [L.] Bile. f. bovi'num, f. bovis.

volhyn'ica, Volhynia fever.* f. bovi'num purifica'tum [Br.], f. bovis purifica-

fe'cal. Relating to feces. tum. f. bo'vis (U.S.), f. tauri, oxgall, the fresh:
fe'calith [L. fcsces +G. lithos, stone.] Coprolith, a bile of the ox. Bos taurus. f. bo'vis purifica'-
fecal concretion. tum, purified oxgall, employed in atonic dys-
fe'caloid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling feces. pepsia, constipation, and "biliousness;" dose,
dregs.]
feces, fseces (fe'sez) [L. feBx(ftBC-) , Excre- gr. v-x (0.3-0.6).
ment, the matter discharged from the bowel fellatio (fel-a'shyo). Fellatorism.
during defecation, consisting of the undigested fella'tor [L.] One who "takes the buccal part in.
residue of the food, epithelium, the intestinal fellatorism. .

mucus, bacteria, and waste material from the fellatorism (fel-a'tor-izm). A

form of sexual per-
blood, f. cruen'tae, bloody stools, melena. version in which the penis is introduced into the
Fechnei's law (fekh'ner) [Gustav Theodor Fechner, mouth of another person; irrumation.
German physicist, 1801-1887.] A sensory per- fellatrice (fel-a-tres'). A female who takes the
ception increases in equal measure when the buccal part in fellatorism.
strength of the stimulus increases in like propor- Fell-O'Dwy'er meth'od [George E. Fell, Buffalo
tion; the difference in light perception, for physician, *i85o; Joseph O'Dwyer, New York
example, between 10 and 11 candle-power is the physician, 1841— 1898.] Artificial respiration
same as that between 100 and no candle-power. effected by forcing air, by means of a bellows,
Expressed in other words, the intensity of the through an intubation tube into the lungs;
sensation is approximately proportional to the expiration occurs as a result of the natural
logarithm of the strength of the stimulus. elasticity of the chest- walls, or is facilitated by
FeCCjHjO,)!. Ferrous lactate, lactate of iron. compression of the thorax.
Fe(C,HjO,). Citrate of iron. fel'on [M.E. feloun, malignant.] Panaris, paro-
FeCl2. Ferrous chloride. nychia, whitlow.
Fe^Clg. Ferric chloride, sesquichloride, or perchlo- felt' work. i. Fibrous network. 2. A close plexus

ride, of iron. of nerve-fibrils, neuropilem.

FeCOg. Ferrous carbonate, carbonate of iron. female (fe'mal). i. In zoology, noting the
dim. of jiBX, dregs.] Starch.
f ec'ula [L. f acuta, tartar, sex to which those belong that bear the young
fec'ulent. Excrementitious, fecal, foul. or the sexual cell which, when impregnated
fe'cundate [L. fecuvdare; fecundus, fruitful.] To by union with the male cell, develops into a new
impregnate, to fertilize. organism. 2. In botany, pistillate, having
fecunda'tion. Impregnation; rendering fertile. pistils but not stamens.
fecundity (f e-kun'di-tl). Pronounced fertility; capa- feminism (fem'in-izm) [L. femina, woman.]
bility of repeated fecundation. Possession of feminine characteristics by the
Fede's disease' (fa'da) [Francesco Fede, Italian male.
physician, 1832-1913.] Sublingual papilloma in fem'inonu'cleus [L. femina, woman, + nucleus.']
young infants; Riga's disease. Thelyblast, the nucleus of the impregnated ovum,
Federici's sign (fa-da-re'che) [Cesare Federici, Ital- as distinguished from that of the spermatozoon,
ian physician, 1838-1892.] In perforation of the called the masculonucleus or arsenoblast.
intestine with gas in the peritoneal cavity, the fem'oral. Relating to the femur or thigh; crural,
heart sounds can be heard on auscultating the f canal', canalis femoralis.
. f fos'sa, fovea femo-
.

ralis. f. her'nia, protrusion of a loop of intestine

abdomen.
feeble-mindedness (fe"bl-mind'ed-nes). 1. Men- through the femoral canal, f. mus'cle, crurasus,
tal deficiency due to arrested mental develop-
musculus* vastus intermedins f. ring, annulus
.

femoralis. f. sheath, crural or infundibuliform

ment; it includes' the three grades of idiocy,
imbecility, and morosis. 2. The highest grade sheath, a fascial reflexion extending down i^
FEMORAL 356 FERREIN'S CANAL

inches below Poupart's ligament, formed by the ferment (fur'ment) [L. fermentum, leaven.] A sub-
fascia transversalis anteriorly and the fascia stance which, in small amount, is capable of caus-
iliaca posteriorly; two septa divide the sheath into ing the decomposition of large quantities of an or-
three compartments, the outer of which contains ganic compoJnd, itself often undergoing no ap-
the femoral artery and a branch of the genitocru- parent change, amylolyt'ic f., one which hydro-
ral nerve, the middle the femoral vein, and the lyzes starch with the formation of sugar, auto-
inner is the femoral canal, f. vess'els, arteria lyt'ic f., one developed in the tissues, causing soft-
femoralis, vena femoralis. ening and disintegration of these tissues after
femorotib'ial. Relating to the femtir and the tibia. death, chem'ical f., an unorganized f., enzyme.
fe'mur, gen. fern' oris, ^pl. fern' or a [L. thigh.] con'form f., an autolytic enzyme, diastat'ic
[BNA] I. Thigh-bone; the long bone of the f., amylolytic f. fi'brin f., the substance in
thigh, articulating with the innominate bone the blood which converts fibrinogen into fibrin.
above and the tiljia and patella below, i!. het'eroform f., one effectiiig lysis of the micro-
The thigh. organisms which produce it and of other bacteria
fenes'tra, pi. /g«e5'/r(r [L. window.] i. An anatomi- as well inver'ting f., invertin, a ferment which
cal aperture, often closed by a membrane. 2 An converts cane-sugar into dextrose and levulose.
opening left in a plaster-of-Paris or other form of liv'ing f ., organized f metallic f., colloidal metal.*
.

fixed dressing in order to permit of access to a or'ganized f., a living unicellular organism, from
wound or of inspection of the part. 3. The the activity of which in solutions of carbohydrates
opening in one of the blades of a forceps, f. fermentation results, protec'tive f., a specific
coch'leae [BNA], fenestra of the cochlea, cochlear proteolytic f., analogous to an antibody, formed
window, f. rotiuida, an opening on the inner wall in the blood in the presence of a foreign protein
of the tympanum leading into the cochlea, closed which it is designed to split up; the detection of
in life by the membrana tympani secundaria. this f. specific for chorionic cells or cancer tissue
f. ova'lis, oval window, f. vestibuli [BNA]. f. is the object of the Abderhalden* test for preg-
rotun'da, round window, f. cochleae [BNA]. f. nancy and for cancer respectively, proteolyf ic
vestib'uli [BNA], fenestra of the vestibule, vestib- f., one which reduces a protein to a peptone or
ular window, f. ovalis; an oval opening on the other substance of more simple constitution.
inner wall of the tympanic cavity leading into the sol'uble f., unorganized f., chemical f., enzyme.
vestibule, closed in life by the foot of the stapes. unor'ganized f., enzyme.
fenes'trated. Having fenestras or window-like fermen'tal. Relating to a ferment.
openings. fermenta'tion. A chemical change induced ia a
fenestra'tion. i. The presence of openings or complex organic compound by the action of a
fenestrae in a part. 2. Making openings in a ferment, either chemical or living, whereby the
dressing to allow of inspection of the parts. substance is split up into more simple compounds.
fen'nel. Fceniculum. The process is designated according to the prod-
Fen'ner's guai'ac mix'ture [B. Fenner, American uct, acetous, alcoholic, butyric, lactic, vinous,
physician.] Tinctura antacida (N.F.). etc. f. test, for sugar in the urine, see under test.

fen'ugreek. Fcenum graecum. fermen'tum. Yeast. cerevi'siee f., beer-yeast,

Fen'wick's disease' [Samuel Fenwick, English physi- brewer's yeast; see cerevisise* fermentum.
cian, *i82i.] Idiopathic gastric atrophy. fern [A.S. fearn. ] Acryptogamous(flowerless)
FbjOj. Ferric oxide, sesquioxide, or peroxide, of iron. plant of the order Filices. male f., filix mas,
Fe(OH)3. Hydrated oxide of iron. aspidium.* sweet f., comptonia, the leaves of
FeCPjOj),. Hypophosphite of iron. Myrica {Comptonia) asplenifoUa, given in colic
Fe3(P0,)j. FeP04.i2H20. Phosphate of iron, ferro- and diarrhea and externally as a poultice.
soferric phosphate. Fern'vale Springs, Tennessee. Alkaline-saline-sul-
Fe2(PO,)2 + 4H20. Ferric phosphate, white phos- phureted waters. Six springs. Used by drink-
phate of iron. ing and externally in gastroenteric disorders,
fe'ral [L. fera, wild beast.] Wild, savage, deadly, affections of the kidneys and skin, sore eyes,
malignant. superficial ulcerations, and so on. Frequented
Ffir^ol's nodes (fa-ra-ol') [Loiiis Henri F^lix FMol, during the warm months.
Parisian physician, 1825— 1891.] Ephemeral cu- ferral'bumose. An albuminate of iron made by
taneous nodules in acute articular rheiunatism treating albumose with ferric chloride; it con-
Ffir^ol-Graux pal'sy (fa-ra-ol-gro'). Paralysis, of nu- tains 10 per cent, of iron.
clear origin, of the external rectus muscle of one ferra'lium. A chalybeate.
eye and the internal rectus of the other. fer'ratin. i. An organic iron compoimd stored in
the tissues of the body. 2. An artificially pre-
pared albuminate of iron said to be identical with
the iron of the tissues; a reddish brown powder;
recommended especially in acute anemia in doses
of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6).,
ferratogen (fer'S-to-jen). An organic iroii salt ob-
tained by growing yeast in a medium containing
iron a grayish yellow powder, used in anemia and
;

Fergusson's Speculum. chlorosis in doses of gr. 5 (o. 3).

Ferrein's canal' (fer-ran', usually fer-rin') [Antoine
Fer'gusson's operation [Witliam Fergusson, Scotch Ferrein, Parisian anatomist, 1693-1769.] Rivus
surgeon, 1808-1877.] An operation for removal lacrimalis. F.'s cords, the true vocal cords. F.'s
of the maxilla. fora'men, hiatus of Fallopius. F.'s lig'ament,
Fer'gusson's spec'ulum. A cylindrical vaginal the external thickened portion of the capsule of
speculum of silvered glass with a coating of the temporomaxillary articulation. F.'s pyr*-
caoutchouc. amid, processus* Ferreini, pars radiata [BNA]
ferment (fur-menf) [L. fermentum, leaven.] To of a cortical lobule of the kidney. F.'s tubes,
cause or to undergo fermentation. convoluted tubules of thp ViHtipv
 i .

FERRI 3S7 FERRUM

feni. Gen. of ferrum, iron. f. benzo'icunit ferri benzoas.
ferr'ic. i. Relating to iron, ferruginous. 2, f. broma'tum, ferri bromidum,
Noting a salt containing iron in its higher, triad, fer'ri bro'xnidum, ferrous bromide, bromide of iron,

valence. occurring in pale green plates.

fer'ri carbo'nas, ferrous carbonate, carbonate of
feiricyanide (fer"i-si'an-id). A salt of hydroferri-
iron, FeCOs a white crystalline salt, unstable, being
cyanic acid. readily convertible into ferric carbonate; employed
feiricyanogen (fer"i-si-an'o-3en). A sexivalent in medicine in the form of massa ferri carbonatis and
radicle, Fe2(CN)i2, a compound of cyanogen ferri carbonas saccharatus.
and iron in the ferric state. fer'ri carbo'nas sacchara'tus (U.S., Br.) saccharated ,

Ferrier's method (fe-re-a') [P. Ferrier, French physi- ferrous carbonate, saccharated carbonate of iron,
cian, contemporary.] contains 15 per cent. (U.S.) or 33 per cent. (Br.) of
Recalcification; the treat-
ferrous carbonate; employed in the treatment of ane-
,

ment of tuberculosis by the administration of mia in doses of gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3).

lime salts, as in the following formula: Calcium fer'ri casei'nas, iron caseinate, iron nucleoalbumin-
carbonate 0.30, calcium phosphate 0.50, sodium ate; a pinkish insoluble powder, containing 2.5 per
chloride 0.15, calcined magnesia o.io. cent, of iron; dose, gr. s-t^S (0.3-1.0).
feir'inol. Trade name of a nucleinate of iron, f. casetna'tum, ferri caseinas.

employed in anemia in doses of gr. 3-5 (o 2-0 3). .

fer'ri chlo'ridum (U.S.), ferric chloride, chloride
.
(perchloride, sesquichloride) of iron, muriate of iron,
ferripyrine (ter-J-pi'ren). An orange-red powder FeCls.6H20 astringent and styptic, employed in tinc-
obtained by mixing ferric chloride and antipyrine ture or solution see under liquor and tinctura.
;

in solution; recommended locally as a hemostatic, fer'ri ci'tras (U.S.), ferric citrate, citrate of iron,
and internally in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3—0.6) in the Fe(C6H507), occurring in the form of garnet-red
treatment of anemic neuralgia and headache. scales or a reddish brown powder; employed in the
Ferris Hot Springs, Montana. Saline-silicious treatment of anemia in doses of gr. 3-1 o (o 2-0 6) . .

waters. Used by drinking and bathing in various f. dialysa'tum, dialyzed iron, liquor* ferri dialysatus.
fer'ri etammo'nii ci'tras (U.S., Br.), iron and am-
disorders.
monium citrate, ammoniocitrate of iron, soluble citrate
ferroalu'men. Ferri et ammonii sulphas. used as a substitute for iron citrate than which
of iron;
ferrocyanide (fer-o-si'an-id). A salt of hydro- it is moresoluble; dose, gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3).
ferrocyanic acid. ier'ri et ammo'nii sul'phas, ferric ammonium sul-
ferrocyan'ogen. A
quadrivalent radicle, Fe(CN)5, phate, ammonioferric sulphate, ammonioferric alum^
a compound of cyanogen and iron in the ferrous iron alum, ferric alum; occurring in crystals like those
state. of alum, of an acid astringent taste; employed internally
as an astringent in doses of gr. s-io (0.3-0.6), and
ferrom'eter [L. jerrum, iron, -t- G. metron, measure.]
locally as a styptic.
A device for estimating the proportion of iron in fer'ri et ammo'nii tar'tras, iron and ammonium tar-
the blood. trate, ammonioferric tartrate, ammoniotartrate of iron ;
ferropyrine (fer-o-pi'ren). Ferripyrine. occurs in garnet-red scales or as a rusty or reddish
ferrosil'icon. An alloy of iron and silicon. brown powder; employed in anemia in doses of gr^
ferro"sofer'ric. Relating to a combination of a 10-20 (0.6-1. 3).
ferrous with a ferric compound. fer'ri et potas'sii tar'tras, ferrum tartaratum (Br.),,
iron and potassium tartrate, potassioferric tartrate,
ferroso'matose. A mixture of somatose and iron;
tartarized or tartarated iron, ferrotartrate of potas-
given in anemia and chlorosis in doses of 34— sium; used in anemia when an astringent chalybeate is.
(2.0-4-O)- undesirable, in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6).
ferrostyp'tin. An iron-formaldehyde preparation, a fer'ri et quini'nae ci'tras (U.S., Br.), iron and quinine
yellowish crystalline powder, employed locally as citrate, occurs in scales of a greenish to golden yellow
a styptic, especially in dentistry. color; the preparation of the B.P. is greenish yellow in
ferrother'apy [L. jerrum, iron, -f^ G. iherapHa, treat- color; employed as a tonic in convalescence and in
anemia in doses of gr. s~7^ (0.3-0.5).
ment.] The therapeutic employment of chaly-
fer'ri et strychni'n£e ci'tras, iron and strychnine
beates. citrate, occurs in scales resembling the ammoniocitrate
ferr'ous. 1. Relating to iron, ferruginous. 2.
of iron in appearance but has a very bitter taste;
Noting a salt containing iron in its lowest valence. employed as a tonic in convalescence in doses of gr.
ferruginons (fe-ru'jin-us) [L. ferrugo, iron-rust.] 3~S (0.2-0.3).
Relating to or containing iron; chalybeate. fer'ri ferrocyan'idum, ferric ferrocyanide, Prussian
blue, Berlin blue, ferrum cyanattmi, ferrum bonis is
ferrule (fer'il) [L. viriola, a small bracelet.] In
cum, is not employed in medicine.
dentistry a metal cap or band covering or en-
-fer'ri glycerophos'phas (N.F.), iron glycerophos-
circling the crown or root of a tooth. phate, occurs in yellow scales soluble in water; em-
fer'rum [L.] (U.S., Br.) Iron; the pharmacopeial ployed as a tonic in doses of gr. s-io (0.3-0.6).
form is fine, bright, nonelastic wire (U.S.) or er'ri hydrox'idum, ferric hydroxide, hydrated oxide
wrought iron in the form of wire or nails free from of iron; employed, when freshly prepared, as an anti-
rust (Br.). The iron salts are in two series, ferrous dote to arsenic poisoning.
fer'ri hydrox'idum cum magne'sii ox'ido (U.S.), ferric
and ferric, the former being for the most part bluish
hydroxide with magnesium oxide; employed, when
green in color, or white when anhydrous, the latter
freshly prepared, as an antidote in arsenic poisoning.
brownish yellow to reddish brown, or white when fer'ri hypophos'phis (N.P.), ferric hypophosphite,
anhydrous. hypophosphite of iron, Fe(P202)3, a gray sh white
powder; used as a nerve tonic in anemic conditions,
fer'ri albu'minas, iron albuminate, a yellow insolube
in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6).
powder, employed in anemia in doses of gr. 5-2 o fer'ri io'didum, ferrous iodide, iodide of iron, a
(0.3-1.3).
grayish white powder; dose, gr. 3-5 (0.2-0.3).
f. albumina'tum, ferri albuminas.
f. ioda'tum, ferri iodidum.
f. alcoholisa'tum, f. pulveratum.
fer'ri lac'tas (N.F.), ferrous lactate, lactate of iron,
ferr'i ar'senas (Br.), iron arsenate, ferrous arsenate,
Fe3(As04)2.6H20, with some admixture of ferric FefC3H603)2.3H20, occurring as a pale green or yellow-
ish powder or small acicular crystals; employed when a
arsenate and iron oxide; employed as a tonic and anti-
non-astringent chalybeate is indicated in doses of gr.
periodic in doses of gr. sV-i (0.003-0.015).
,

I—10 (0.06-0.6).
fer'ri benzo'as, ferric benzoate, obtained by the
fer'ri ma'las, ferrous malate, made by the action of
interaction of ferric chloride and ammonium benzoate;
a brownish-red insoluble powder containing about 17 the juice of sour apples on iron filings: it is of a dark
per cent, of iron. green color and contains about 8 per cent, of iron.
 . ; ,,
;

FERRUM 3S8 FETAL

fer'ri ma'las cru'dus, crude malate of iron, extrac- fertiliza'tion. Fecundation.

tum fern pomatum. (N.F.). Fer'ula. Agenus of plants of the order UmhelUf-
fer'ri ox' alas, ferrous oxalate, a pale yellow, nearly ercs; of the various species F, narthex and F.
insoluble powder, used as a developer in photography.
.sccrofio^wa furnish asafetida; F. galhanipua and
fer'ri oz'idum magnet'icum, magnetic oxide of iron,
F. rubricaulis, galbantmi; andF. jTimfew/ furnishes
black oxide of iion, ferrosoferric oxide.
fer'ri oz'idum ru'brum, red oxide of iron, ferric
sumbul.
oxide, colcothar; a brown-red powder used as a pig- fervescence (fur-ves'ens) [L. fervescere, to begin to
ment, but no longer employed in medicine. grow hot.] An increase of fever, stage of f.,
fer'ri oz'idum sacchara'tum (N.F.), saccharated fer- pyretogenic stage, the stage of a continued fever
ric oxide, saccharated iron, saccharated oxide of iron, a in which the fever is gradually rising and the char-
reddish brown powder; employed in anemia in doses of acteristic symptoms are declaring themselves.
gr. 2-s (o. 13-0.3), and as an antidote to arsenic.
FeS. Ferrous sulphide.
fer'ri pepto'nas, iron pepton-te, occurs in brown
translucent scales containing about 2 5 per cent, of iron FeSOi- Ferrous sulphate, sulphate of iron, cop-
employed in chlorosis in doses of gr. 3-10 (o 2-0 6). . . peras.
f, pep tona' turn, ferri peptonas. Fe2(S04)3. Ferric sulphate, tersulphate of iron.
fer'ri phos'phas (U.S. and Br.), ferric phosphate, fes'ter [L. fistula.] i. To ulcerate. :£. An ulcer.
phosphate of iron, sodioferric citrophosphate, occur- festina'tion [L. fesHnare, to hasten.] The peculiar
ring in the form of green scales; employed in the treat- acceleration of gait noted in paralysis agitans and
ment of anemia and its associated menstrual disorders,
in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6).
some other nervous affections.

fer'ri phos'phas al'bus, ferric phosphate, white phos-

fest'oform.Trade name of a preparation of for-
phate of iron, occurring as a faintly yellow powder. maldehyde in hard soap.
f. porph3rrisa'tum, f. pulveratum.
f. pulvera'tum, pulverized iron, made from cast iron;
dose as a chalybeate, gr. 1-3 (o 06-0 2). . .

fer'ri pyrophos'phas (N.P.), ferric pyrophosphate,

sodioferric citropyrophosphate, pyrophosphate of iron
with sodium citrate; occurs in light green scales; em-
ployed in anemia in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3).
f. redac'tum (Br.), f. reduc'tum (U.S.), iron reduced

by hydrogen, iron by hydrogen, Quevenne's iron, a

fine, grayish black, tasteless, and insoluble powder,
made by heating feiric hydroxide in a current of hy-
drogen; employed in anemia in doses of gr. 1-3
(0.06-0. 2).
fer'ri salic3r'las, ferric salicylate, an amorphous dark
brown mass or powder; tonic in convalescence from
rheumatism, in doses of gr. 3—10 (0.2—0.6).
f. salicyl'icum, ferri salicylas.
fer'ri subcarbo'nasi subcarbonate of iron, a reddish
brown powder resembling iron-rust; employed to meet
the same indications as the saccharated ferrous car-
bonate in doses of gr. 2-5 (o . 13-0 . 3)
fer'ri suc'cinas, ferric succinate, basic succinate of
iron, occurring as a dark yellow powder; employed in
anemia and in obstructive jaundice in doses of g^-
3-5 (0.2-0.3).
fer'ri sul'phas (U.S., Br.), ferrous sulphate, sulphate
of iron, copperas, FeSO^, occurring as bluish green
crystals of a styptic taste; employed in solution as a
deodorant and disinfectant.
fer'ri surphas ezsicca'tus (U.S., Br.), dried ferrous
sulphate, dried or exsiccated sulphate of iron, occur-
ring as a grayish white powder; dose, gr. 4-2 (0.03-
W.13).
fer'ri sul'phas granula'tus (U.S.), granulated
ferrous sulphate, precipitated sulphate of iron, occur-
ring in the form of a granular crystallized powder Diagram op the Fetal Circulation: A.a., Ascending
of bluish green color and astringent taste; dose, gr. aorta; A.crur.d., right crural (femoral) artery; A.d.,
r—3 (0.06-0.2). right atrium, also descending aorta; A.Hypogastr,
right hypogastric artery; A.m.s., superior mesenteric
fer'ri surphidum, ferrous sulphide, femim sulphura-
artery; A.o., abdominal aorta; A.p., pulmonary artery
tum, occurs in yellowish black masses used to generate ;
A.S., left atrium; A,u., umbilical arteries; C.i., inferior
hydrogen sulphide. vena cava; D.a.B., ductus arteriosus Botalli; D.v.A.
f. sulphura'tum, ferri sulphidum. ductus venosus Aranti; F.o., foramen ovale; Hypog.
fer'ri tan'nas, ferric tannate, ferrum tannicum, a. s., left hypogastric artery; ll.comm.d., ri^ht common
iliac artery; Il.comm.sin., left common iliac artery;
black powder; dose, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6).
f. tan'oicum, ferri tannas.
Il.ext. & crur.s., external iliac and left crural (|femor^)
artery; V.c.sup., superior vena cava; V.d., right ven-
f. tartara'tum (Br.), ferri et potassii tartras (U.S.). tricle* V.port,, portal vein; V.s., left ventricle; V.u.,
fer'ri valeria'nas, ferric valerianate, valerianate of umbilical vein; Vv.adv., afferent hepatic veins; vv.p.,
iron, ferrum valerianicum, a dark red powder; em- pulmonary veins; Vv.rev., efferent hepatic veins.
ployed in anemia in hysterical subjects in doses of gr.
1—3 (0.06-0.2). festoon' [L. festum, festival, hence festive dec-
f. valerian'icum, ferri valerianas. orations.] I. A
swelling of the interproximal
fertile (fur'til) [L. feriilis; ferre, to bear.] i. Fruit- gum in the embrasures on the buccal or Ungual
ful; capable of conceiving and bearing young, a. surface, usually the fonner. 2. To shape the
Impregnated, fertilized. gums around the necks of the teeth in an arti-
fertllizin (fur'til-i-zin) A hypothetical substance
. ficial denture.
supposed by Lillie to be the active agent in fe'tal. Relating to a fetus, f. circula'tion, the
fertilization having
; two side chains, one course of the blood current in the fetus, differing
reacting with the sperm, the other with the in several respects from that in post-natal life,
diam'eters of f. skuU, see illustrations, p. 359.
 . . . ..

FETALISM 3S9 FEVER

fe'talism. The presence of certain fetal structures the growth of the living fetus, f, sanguinolen'-
or characteristics in the body after birth. tus, a dark colored, partly macerated f. har'-
feta'tion. Pregnancy, gestation, ectopic f., extra- lequin f., a newborn infant with ichthyosis con-
u'terine f., ectopic gestation, extrauterine preg- genita.
nancy, mul'tiple f., the state of bearing two or fe'ver [A.S. fefer^ i. Pyrexia, a bodily temperature
more fetuses simultaneously. above the normal of 98.6° F. (37°C.). 2. Febris,
fetichism (fe'tish-izm). Fetishism. a disease in which there is an elevation of the body
feticide (fe'ti-sid) [L. fetus + ccBdere, to kill.] The temperature above the normal.
destruction of the embryo or fetus in the uterus;
induced abortion. absence, apyrexia. causing, febrifacient, febriferous*
pyretogenic, pyretogenous. continued, synocha, s^n"
fet'id [L. fcetidus.'] Foul-smelling, having a rank acmastic fever, febris continua. decline'
ochus,
odor. defervescence, description, pyretography. excessive*
fetishism [Portug. feitico, charm.]
(fe'tish-izm) hyperpyrexia, free from, apyretic, non-febrile. iow»
asthenopyra. reducing, febrifuge, antipyretic, sci-
A form of sexual perversion in which pleasure ence, pyretology, short, febricula, ephemeral fever.
is taken in the possession of articles of dress stages: increase^ stadium augmenti, stadium incre-
used by persons of the opposite sex. menti; height, stadium acmes; decline, stadium decie-
fetog'raphy [L. fetus + G. graphe, a writing.] mentL Sthenic, sthenopyra.
Embryo gr aphy
[For special fevers not defined under the follow-
fetom'etry [L. fetus -\- G. metron, measure.] Esti-
ing, see the qualifying word.]
mation of the size of the fetus, especially of its absorp'tion f., an elevation of temperature often oc-
head, prior to delivery. curring, without other untoward symptoms, shortly
fe'toplacen'tal. Relating to the fetus and its after childbirth, assumed to be due to the absorption
placenta. of the discharges through abrasions of the vaginal wall.
accli'mating f., a slight malaise with elevation of
temperature from which persons sometimes suffer on
firsttaking up their residence in tropical countries.
Af'rican tick f., African relapsing* f.
al'gid perni'cious f., a pernicious malarial paroxysm
marked by symptoms of collapse cold and cyanotic —
extremities, livid nails, clammy skin, pinched face, and
thready pulse.
aph'thous f., foot-'and-mouth disease. *
Ar'chibald's f.t a septicemia occurring in the Anglo-
Egyptian Sudan, caused by a microorganism of the B.
cloaca type; the symptoms resemble those of the second
week of typhoid, with high fever but without diarrhea
or tympanites, and the disease is often protracted,
assuming a remittent type.
autum'nal f., typhoid* f.
birious f., an ephemeral f. attended with symptoms
of gastric catarrh and excessive secretion of bile.
bil'ious remittent t., (1) undulant* f.; (2) blaclc
water malarial hemoglobinuria.*
f.,

black f., tick* f. (i).

black'water f .» malarial hemoglobinuria. *
brain f., cerebral meningitis.
break'bone f.> dengue.
cachec'tic f., kala azar.
camp f., typhus* f.

carbohy'drate f., food * f

catar'rhal f., febricula; herpetic f.
cath'eter f., a sharp elevation of temperature some-
times following the introduction of a catheter into the
urethra; urinary f.
cerebrospi'nal f ., see under cerebrospinal.
cess'pool f ., typhoid * f
child'bed f ., puerperal * f
Colom'bo f., a continued f. of mild type resembling
paratyphoid, occasionally with several relapses re-
sembling undulant f ; it has been observed in Ceylon
.

and also in Serbia and is associated with the presence of

a specific germ, B, colombensis.
contin'ued f ., a f of some duration in which there
.

are no intermissions or marked remissions in the tem-

perature curve.
dan'dy f., dengue.
deer-fly f., Pahvant Valley plague, deer-fly malady,
Diameters of the Fetal Skull.
a fever of septic type, lasting from 3 to 6 weeks, marked
by enlargement of the lymph nodes draining the region
fe'tor [L. fetere, to stink.] A very offensive odor. of the site of entrance of the virus, and attended with
f. ex o're [L. from the mouth], an offensive breath, great prostration; it is supposed to be due to infection
halitosis. with Bacterium tularense through the bite of the deer fly.
fe'tus [L. offspring.]. The unborn yotmg of an ani- diges'tive f., a slight rise of body temperature occur-
mal afterhas taken form in the uterus in man,
it ring during the period of digestion.
the product of conception from the end of the
Dum-dum f., kala azar.
Dufton's f.. Button's* relapsing f.
third month to the moment of birth, f . in f e'tu, a
elephan'toid f., an elevation of temperature marking
double monster in which the small imperfectly the beginning of endemic elephantiasis.
formed parasite is contained within the autosite. enter'ic f ., typhoid • f
f- papyra'ceus, one of twin fetuses which has died ephem'eral f., a febricula lasting no more than a
and been pressed flat against the uterine wall by day or two.
FEVER 360 FEVER

erup'tive f., exanthema. peach f.,a form of hay* fever due apparently to
fatigue' f., an elevation of the body temperature, irritation from the down of peaches.
lasting sometimes several days, following excessive and pete'chial f., cerebrospinal* f.

long-continued muscular exertion. Pfeiffer's f., glandular f.

'
f. and a'gue, malaria. phlebof omus f., pappataci* f.
f.in the feet, laminitis in the horse. pneumon'ic f,, croupous pneumonia.*
five-day f., (i) van der Scheer's f. dengue (?); (2) por'celain f ., urticaria.
Wemer-His disease, Volhynia fever. pul'monary f., croupous pneumonia.
For'rest's f., a febrile affection lasting from three to pu'trid epizootic* cerebrospinal meningitis.
f.,
fifteen days, having a temperature curve resembling a pythogen'ic f., typhoid fever.
parabola, the fever seldom exceeding 104°. Rangoon' f., Forrest's f.
gaol f., typhus* f. red'water f., Texas* cattle fever.
gas'tric f., catarrhal gastritis. relap'sing f., see under relapsing.

gas'tricremitfent f., undulant* f. remitf ent f ., a malarial fever, usually of the severer
Gibral'tar f., undulant* fever. estivoautumnal type, in which the temperature falls
glan'dular f., an infectious disease of childhood, more or less but not to the normal in the interval be-
characterized chiefly by fever, swelling of the cervical tween two pronounced paroxysms,
lymph-nodes, and enlargement of the liver and spleen; rheumafic f., rheumatism (i).
it lasts usually two or three weeks;- its prognosis is rock f., undulant* f.
favorable. Rocky Moun'tain spott'ed f., tick* f. (i).
hayf., see hay-fever. Rom'an f., estivoautumnal* f., prevalent in the
hematu'ric bil'ious f ., hematuria due to renal lesions Roman Campagna and formerly in the city of Rome.
caused by the malarial hematozoon. salt f., an elevation of temperature in an infant,
hemoglobinu'ric f., malarial hemoglobinuria.* following a rectal injection of a salt solution; see also
faepat'ic f., catarrhal angiocholitis. thirst f.
hepaf ic intermitfent f., ague-like paroxysms occur- sand'fiy f., pappataci* f.
ring in cases of calculus in the common bile-duct. ship f., typhus* f.
herpet'ic f., a disease, apparently infectious, marked simp'le contin'ued f., febricula.
by chills, nausea, elevation of temperature, sore throat, slow f., a continued f., such as typhoid, of long
and an herpetic eruption on the face and other parts; duration.
it is of short duration, three or four days, and so far as solar f., (i) dengue; (2) sunstroke.
known never fatal. splen'ic f., anthrax.
hyster'ical f,, f. of an irregular course and duration, spott'ed f., (i) cerebrospinal* f.; (2) tjrphus* f.; (3)
sometimes running very high, occurring without obvi- tick*f. (I).
ous cause, and unaccompanied, with general symptoms, swamp f., (i) malaria; (2) infectious anemia, see
in hysterical subjects. Swamp-fever.
intermitfent f., a malarial fever, usually of the ter- symptomatic f., elevation of temperature following
tian or quartan type, in which there is complete an injury, traumatic f.
apyrexia, with absence of the other symptoms, in the Tex'as cattle f., see under Texas.
intervals between the paroxysms. ther'mlcf., (i) heatstroke; (2) calentura, a continued
intermen'strual f., an elevation of temperature some- fever observed in hot countries, sometimes mistaken
times observed in tuberculous women between the for pialaria.
menstrual periods. thirst f., an elevation of temperature in an infant,
jaU f., typhus* f. following the withdrawal of fluids from the diet; possi-
Japanese' riv'er f., see under Japanese. bly due to concentration of salt in the tissues; see saltf^
jun'gle f., malaria. three days' f., (1) dengue; (2) pappataci f.
Lent f., typhoid f. tic^ f ., see tick.
low f., one associated with a depressed state of the traumafic f., symptomatic f. ^

nervous system. trench f., an alleged specific infectious fever of a re-

lung f., croupous pneumonia. lapsing type observed among the troops in the great
mala^rial f., acute malaria.* European war; it is transmissible By intravenous injec-
malig'nant purpu'ric f., cerebrospinal* f. tion of whole blood, but not of the senim alone punc- ;

Mal'ta f., undulant* f.. tate basophila of the red blood cells is present, the virus
Mediterra'nean f., undulant* f. is filterdble.
mil'iary f., see under miliary and also miliaria. trypan'osome f., the febrile stage of sleeping sickness.
milkf., (i) a slight elevation of temperature following ts^tsugamu'shi f., see tsutsugamushi.
childbirth, said to be due to the establishment of the ty'phpi^. f ., see typhoid.
secretion of milk, but probably the same as absorption ty'phus f., see typhus.
f .; (2) milk sickness. un'dulant f., Malta f. see undulant.
Moss'man f., a disease affecting almost exclusively ure'thral f., catheter f., urinary f.
sugar-cane cutters, marked by mild fever and enlarge- u'rinary f., an elevation of temperature, usually
ment of the posterior or subscapular group of axillary slight and transitory, following aseptic catheterization
glands. of the urethra, or the passage of blood-clots, gravel, or
moun'tain f., mountain-sickness. a calculus.
mud f., erythema in the horse. van der Scheer*s f,, five-day f., a disease beginning
mu'ma f., myositis purulentg. tropica. suddenly with headache and backache, high fever, and
nak'ra or nash'a f., a disease observed in Bengal dur- an eruption of red macules and papules of pinhead size;
ing the hot season, marked by fever of three to five it is usually of five day's duration and resembles, if it

days duration, and accompanied by swelling of the is not identical with, dengue.
nasal mucosa with pains in the head, neck, shoulders, vesic'ular f.^ (i) a febrile affection marked by the
and small of the back. occurrence of a localized pain followed by a vesicular
Neaporitan f., undulant* fever. eruption which soon becomes general; it resembles at
ner'vous f., typhoid* f. first chicken-pox and later smallpox, but is distinct
no'dal f., erythema nodosum. from either; (2) pemphigus.
Oro'ya f.. Carrion's disease, verruca* peruviana. Volhyn'ia f,, five-day f., Werner^Hiss disease, an
pal'udal f., malaria. affection resembliiig malaria or relapsing fever, occur-
pappata'ci f., see pappataci. ring in. two or more febrile paroxysms of one day's
pap'ular f., an affection characterized by mild fever, duration, separated by an interval of four to six days;
rheumatoid pains, and a maculopapular eruption. the fever is accompanied by intense pains in the legs
paramal'ta i., febris paramelitensis, a disease resem- and back and a feeling of extreme malaise; it is said
bling Malta fever but in which the pathogenic organism by some to be caused by an involution form of Ober-
of the latter cannot be found. meier's spirillum, Spiroschaudinnia recurrentis,
paraty'phoid f., see paratyphoid. Whit'more's f., see Whitmore,
paraun'dulant f., paramalta f. wound f., symptomatic f. ^
EVER-BLISTER 361 FIBRIN-FERMENT

'ver-blis'ter. Herpes simplex, herpes labialis. around the lower surface of the olive and the
'veret. Febricula. pyramid, separated from the surface of the latter
'verfew [L. febrifuga, febrifuge.] i. Agrimony. by the arcuate nuclei, f. arcua'tae inter'nae [BNA],
a. Wild camomile, Chrysanthemum parthenium. internal arcuate fibers, deep arcuate fibers, the
'ver-tree. Eucalyptus. fibers which take part in the decussation of the
ant. Plural of fiat, let there be made. fillet they are derived from the gracile and cune-
;

at [L. 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. (used in the sense of ate nuclei, f atrior'um, the muscular fibers of the
.

the imperative) of fieri, to be made.] A

term atria the heart, t. cerebell'o-oliva'res [BNA]
of.
used in prescription writing, meaning, "let there olivo-cerebeUar fibers, a mass of white fibers
be made." passing from the oliva of one side, along the
ler, fibre A slender thread or
(fi'btir) [L. fibra.] restis, to the cerebellum of the opposite side.
filament. In anatomy, a filamentous element, an f. circiUa'res [BNA], the circular fibers of the
elongated and tenuous cell or cell-process. See ciliary muscle, Mueller's muscle, i. hetero-
fibra and fibrie. accel'erator fibers, nerve-fibers desmot'icae [G. heteros, other, + desmoo, I bind],
from the second and third spinal motor roots, white fibers connecting dissimilar gray masses of
which convey impulses increasing the rapidity and the central nervous system, as the central ganglia
force of the cardiac pulsations, anastomo'sing fi- with the peripheral epd-prgans. f. homodes-
bers, anastomot'ic fibers, individual fibers passing mot'icae [G. homos, similar,, -^ desmoo, I bind],
from one nerve-trunk or muscle bundle to another. white nerve-fibers connecting similar gray
ax'cuate fibers, nervous or tendinous fibers passing masses of the tcentral nervous system, as those
in the form of an arch from one part to another; "connecting the two anterior horns of gray matter
see fibrts arcuattE and fibras iniercolumnares. asso- in the spinal cord. f. intercolumna'res, f inter- .

cia'tion connecting different

fibers, nerve-fibers crura'les [BNA], arcuate fibers connecting the
portions of the cerebral cortex in the same hem- superior and inferior crura of the external
isphere; the short association fibers, fibrae arcu- abdominal ring. f. meridiona'les [BNA], the
atse, are those connecting neighboring convolu- radiating fibers of the ciliary muscle, Bruecke's
tions, the long association fibers connect widely muscle, f. pall'idae, the ciliary processes, f.
separated regions of the cortex, and are arranged pro'prise cer'ebri, f. arcuatae cerebri, f. trans-
in bundles, augmen'tor fibers, accelerator fibers. versa'les pon'tls, the transverse fibers of the
commissu'ral fibers, nerve-fibers uniting portions pons Varolii, f. ventriculo'rum, the muscular
of the cortex of opposite cerebral hemispheres; fibers of the cardiac ventricles, f. Zonula'res

they are arranged in three groups: the corpus [BNA], the fibrils of the zonula* ciliaris.
callosum, the anterior commissure, and the fibralbu'min. Globulin,
hippocampal commissure, cor'onal fibers, pro- fibre. Fiber.
jection fibers, the majority of which belong to the fibremia, fibraemia (fi-bre'ml-ah) [fibrin G. haima, +
corona radiata. den'tal fibers, den'tinal fibers, blood.] Inosemia; presence of formed fibrin in
processes from the odontoblasts, or cells at the the blood, causing thrombosis or embolism.
periphery of the tooth pulp, which fill the dentinal fi'bril [L.fibrilla.J A minute fiber, mus'cular f.,
canals, enam'el fibers, minute hexagonal rods, one of the ultimate subdivisions of a muscvilar
prismata adamaniina, passing from the dentine to fiber, an elongated muscle-cell, nerve f., axis-
the periphery of the enamel of the tooth and cylinder.
forming the substance of that structure, endog'- fibril'la [L. dim. of fibra, fiber.] Fibril.
enous fibers, short nerve-fibers of the spinal fibrill'ar, fi'brillaiy. Relating to a fibril.
cord originating in cells of the cord, forming the fi'brillate. i. To make or to become fibrillar. 2.

intersegmentary or association tracts connecting Fibrillated.

different levels of the posterior horns, exog'- fi'brillated. Fibrillar, fibrous, composed
of fibrils.
enous fibers, nerve-fibers in the spinal cord fibrilla'tion. i. The condition
of being fibrillated.
originating in cells lying outside of the cord. 2. The formation of fibrils, auric'ular f., a con-
from the vagus
inhib'itory fibers, nerve-fibers dition in which the systole of the cardiac auricle
which convey impulses slowing the action of the is replaced by rapid twitchings of the muscular

heart, lens fibers, the elongated cells of ecto- wall, the impulse normally originating from the
dermic origin forming the substance of the sinoauricular node being absent and impulses
crystalline lens of the eye. projec'tion fibers, arising at multiple auricular foci taking its place.
nerve-fibers connecting the cerebral cortex with ventric'ular f., delirium cordis due to irregular
other centers in the brain or spinal cord, sus- fibrillary contraction of the wall of the cardiac
tentac'ular fibers, fibers binding together and ventricle.
supporting the nerve structures of the retina. fi'brin [L. fibra, fiber.] An elastic filamentous pro-
bra [L.]Fiber, f. auric'ulas, the lobe of the ear. tein derivedfromfibrinogen by the action ofthron:-
f. nasi, ala nasi. f. primiti'va, primitive fiber, bin; the active agent in coagulation of the blood,
the axis-cylinder of a neuron. f. san'guis, glu'ten f., a protein resembling animal f., found in

fibrin, various grains. Hen'le*s f., a substance resem-

brae [L. pi. of fibra.} Fibers, whether nervous, bling the f. of the blood, precipitated from the
miiscular,' or tendinous, f. ansa'tae [L. ansa, a seminal fluid on the addition of water, veg'e-
handle or loop], nerve-fibers which pass forward table f., gluten f.
from the lamina terminalis over the upper surface fibrina'tion. i. The formation of fibrin. :j. The
of the optic chiasm and back beneath the under capability of forming fibrin in abnormally great
surface to the tuberculum cinereum. f. arcifor'- amount in the process of coagulation, or in an
mes, f. arcuatffi. f. arcua'tse cer'ebri, arcuate fibers exudate, noting a state of the blood in certain
of the cerebrum, short association fibers uniting inflammatory conditions ; fibrosis.
neighboring convolutions of the cerebral cortex, fibrine'mia, fibrinae'mia. Fibremia, inosemia.
Arnold's fibers, f. arcua'tse exter'nse [BNA], fi'brin-fer'ment. Thrombin, thrombosin, a fenjient,
external or superficial arcuate fibers, nerve-fibers derived possibly from the edges of wounded
on the surface of the medulla entering into the blood-vessels, which converts fibrinogen, in the
composition of the restiform bodies; they curve presence of a calcium salt into fibrin.
FIBRIN-GLOBULIN 362 FIBROMYITIS

flTjrin-glob'ulin. Fibrinoglobulin. fibrochondroma (fi"bro-kon-dro'mah). Inochon-

fibrinocel'lular. Composed
of fibrin and cells, not- droma, a mixed fibroma and chondroma.
ing certain exudates. fi'brocyst. Fibrocystoma, a fibroma containing
fibrin'ogen [fibrin + G. gennao, I produce.] A cysts.
globulin of the blood-plasma which is converted fibrocys'tic. Relating to a fibrocystoma; noting a
into the coagulated protein, fibrin, by the action new growth which is both fibrous and cystic.
of fibrin-ferment in the presence of a salt of cal- fibrocysto'ma. Inocystoma, a fibrocyst.
cium it is this change which produces coagulation
;
fibrocyte (fi'bro-sit) [L. fibra, fiber, -I- kytos, a hollow
of the blood.
(a cell).] Inocyte.
fibrinogen'ic, fibrinogenous (fi-brin-oj'en-us). Re-
lating to fibrinogen producing fibrin.
;
fibroenchondroma (fi"bro-en-kon-dro'mah). A
fi"brinoglob'uIin. A
substance formed in small
mixed fibroma and enchondroma.
amount by the conjunction of fibrinogen and fibrofatt'y. Fibroadipose, both fibrous and fatty.
thrombin. fibroglia (fi-brog'le-ah) [L. fibra, fiber, -t- G. glia,
ffbrinoid [fibrin -t- G. eidos, appearance.] Resem- glue.] Inoglia, the basement substance of
bling fibrin. connective tissue ; it is either homogenous or
fibrinorysis [fibrin + G. lysis, solution.] The fibrillar.

hydrolysis of fibrin under the influence of an fibrogUo'ma. Inoglioma, a mixed fibroma and
enzyme. glioma.
fi"brinoplas'tic [fibrin +G
plasso, I form.] Relating fibroid (fi'broyd) [L. fibra, fiber, H- G. eidos, ap-
to or of the nature of fibrinoplastin. pearance.] 1. Resembling or composed of
fi"brinopIas'tin. Paraglobulin, serumglobulin, fibro- fibers or fibrous tissue; fibrous. 2. Fibroma;
plastin, a protein (globulin) in the blood and fibromyoma. f. tu'mor, fibroma.
connective tissues, possibly derived from the fibroidec'tomy [fibroid + G. ektome, excision.] The
disintegration of the leucocytes. removal of a fibroid tumor.
fibrinos'copy. Inoscopy, the chemical and physical fibroin (fi'bro-in). A white insoluble protein sub-
examination of the fibrin of exudates, blood-clots, stance forming the main portion of cobweb and
etc. silk.

fibrino'sis. Fibrination (2). fibrolipo'ma. Amixed fibroma and lipoma, a

fi'brinous. Relating to or composed of fibrin. fibrofatty tumor.
fibrinu'ria [fibrin + G. ouron, iu4ne.] The passage flbrolipo'matous. Relating to or of the nature of a
of urine containing fibrin elements. fibrolipoma.
fibroadenia (fi-bro-S-de'ni-ah) [L. fibra, fiber, -1- G. fibrolysin (fi-brol'i-sin) [L. fibra, fiber, G. +
aden, gland.] Fibrous degeneration of gland lysis, solution.] Trade name of a solution of
tissue. thiosinamine and sodium salicylate; employed
fibroadenoma, pi. fibroadeno'mata (fi"bro-ad-e-no'- hypodermically, in doses of 1135 (2.3), to
ma). A gland tumor permeated with fibrous new soften and promote the absorption of indurated
formation forming a dense stroma. cicatricial tissue.
fibroadipose (fi"bro-ad'i-poz). Fibrofatty, relating to fibroma (fi-bro'mah) [L. fibra, fiber, -|- G. -oma.]
or containing both fibrous and fatty structures. An encapsulated tumor composed mainly of
fibroareolar (fi"bro-a-re'o-lar). Noting connective fibrous connective tissue; fibroid tumor, inoma.
tissue which is both fibrous and areolar in char- concen'tric f., a fibroid tumor occupying the
acter. entire circumference of the wall of the uterus.
fi'broblast [L. fibra, fiber, + G. blastos, germ.] A cell, f. fungoi'des, mycosis fungoides. f. lipomato'-

produced by proliferation of the fixed connective- des, xanthoma, f. mollus'cum, molluscum sim-

tissue elements, concerned in the formation of new plex, the occurrence of one or several large or
fibrous tissue. small prominent connective-tissue tumors, f.
fibroblas'tic. Relating to fibroblasts. mollus'cum gravida'rum, the occurrence of nu-
fibrocarcino'ma. A
carcinoma containing an un- merous, small, sessile or pedunculated, colorless
usual amoimt of fibrous tissue. or pigmented fibrous tumors of the skin, form-
fibrocar'tilage. A variety of cartilage, the basement ing during pregnancy and disappearing spon-
substance of which is fibrillated, the bundles of taneously at its termination, f. mucino'sum, a
fibers interlacing in all directions, circumferen'- i. which is undergoing mucoid degeneration.
tial f., a ring of f. around the articular end of a f. myzomato'des, a f. containing areas of
bone, serving to deepen the joint cavity, elas'tic mucoid tissue, myxofibroma, f. pen'dulum,
f., fibroelastic cartilage.* interartic'ular f., discus a large pendulous fibrous tumor of the skin.
articularis. semilu'nar f., one of two fibrocar- f. sarcomato'sum, fibrosarcoma, telangiectat'ic
tilages forming an incomplete circumferential f. f ., a new growth formed of dilated capillaries with
on the head of the tibia, strat'iform f., a layer of marked increase of the connective-tissue frame-
f. in the bottom of a groove in a bone through work; angiofibroma, mul'tiple f., a condition
which a tendon runs. See also fibrocartilago. in which there are many, sometimes very many,
fibrocartilaginous (fi"bro-kar-til-aj'in-us). Relating fibrous ttimors of the skin, varying in size from
to or composed of fibrocartilage. a pinhead to an orange, sessile or pedunculated.
fibrocartila'go. Fibrocartilage. f. basa'lis [BNA], fibromatoid (fi-bro'ma-toyd) [fibroma + G. eidos,
cartilago basilaris, the cartilage which fills the appearance.] Resembling a fibroma; noting a
foramen lacerum of the skull, f. interarticula'ris, growth, with incomplete or absent capsule,
discus articularis [BNA]. f. intervertebra'Us composed mainly of fibrous tissue.
[BNA], intervertebral fibrocartilage or disc; a disc Gbromato'sis. A condition characterized by the
of fibrocartilage with a gelatinous center (nucleus occurrence of fibromata.
pulposus), attached to each of two opposing verte- fibro'matous. Relating to, or of the nature of, a
bral bodies. fibroma.
fibrocell'ular. Both fibrous and cellular. fibromus'cular. Both fibrous and muscular, relat-
fibrochondritls (fi-bro-kon-dri'(dre')tis). Inochon- ing to both fibrous and muscular tissues.
dritis. flbromyitis ffi-bro-mi-i'Ce'1tis^. Pihromvnsitis.
[BROMYOMA 363 FILARIA

romyoma, pi. fibrgmyo'tnata, (fi"bro-ini-o'-niah). field (feld) [A.S. feld.] A

definite area or plane
Inomyoma, a myoma containing a considerable surface, considered in relation to some specific
admixture of fibrous tissue. object, au'ditory f., the space included within
romyositis (fi"bro-mi"o-si'(se')tis) [L. fibra, fiber, the limits of hearing of a definite sound, as of a
+ G. mys{myo-), muscle, + -iiis.'] Inomyositis. tuning-fork. Coim'heim's f., Cohnheim's* area.
lomyzo'ma. Inomyxoma, a mixed inoma, or Kroe'nig's f., Kroenig's* area, magnet'ic f ., the
fibroma, and myxoma. sphere of infiuence of a magnet, mi'croscope
Toneuroma (fi"bro-nu-ro'mah). Inoneuroma; <x f ., the area within which objects are visible under
mixed fibroma and neuroma. a microscope, sur'plus f., part of the visual
ro-osteo'ma. Osteofibroma, osteoinoma. field in cases of non-total hemianopsia which
iropapilloma (fi"bro-pS,-pi-lo'mah) . A mixed passes beyond the point of fixation, thus en-
fibroma and papilloma; a form of tumor oc- croaching upon the blind area, vis'ual f., the
casionally occurring in the bladder. area within which objects are more or less dis-
iroplas'tic [L. fibra, fiber, +
G: plasso, I form.] i. tinctly seen by the eye in a fixed position.
Producing fibrous tissue, a. Fibrinoplastic. Field'ing's mem'brane [George Hunsley Fielding,
iroplas'tin. Fibrinoplastin, paraglobulin. English anatomist, i8oi 1871.] Membrana versi-
broplate. An interarticular disc of fibrocartilage. color, tapetum.*
tropolypus (fi-bro-pol'i-pus). A polypus com- fifth disease'. Erythema infectiosum. f. nerve,
posed chiefly of fibrous tissue. nervus* trigeminus, f. ven'tricle, cavum septi
iropsammoma (fi"bro-sam-mo'mah). A mixed pellucidi.
fibroma and psammoma. fig [A.S. /»c.]Ficus,* the fruit of Ficus carica.
iropu'rulent. Consisting of pus containing flakes Figari's hemoantitoz'in (fe-gah're). An antitu-
of fibrin. berculosis serum which is administered per os
iroretic'ulate. Relating to or consisting of a net- instead of hypodermically.
work of fibrous tissue. figuratus (fig-u-ra'tus) Figured, a. term descrip-
.

>rosarcoma, pi. fibrosarco'maia (fi"bro-sar-ko'- tive of certain skin lesions.

mah). A mixed fibroma and sarcoma; a Figueira's syn'drome (fe-ga'e-rah) [Femandes
fibrous tumor containing many imperfectly Figueira, pediatrist in Rio de Janeiro, contem-
differentiated, vegetative, or embryonic cells, porary.] Weakness of the neck muscles with
flbroblasts, or spindle cells, indicating a transi- slight spasticity of the muscles of the lower
tion to sarcoma; flbroma sarcomatosum. extremities and increased tendon reflexes;
irose'. 1. To form fibroiis tissue. 2. Fibrous. supposed to be an attenuated sporadic form of
irose'rous. Composed of fibrous tissue with a acute poliomyelitis.
serous surface, noting any serous membrane. fig-wart. Condyloma acuminatum.
>rosis (fi-bro'sis) The pathological formation of
. fila (fi'lah). Plural of filunt, (g.».).
fibrous tissue, arteriocap'illary f., arterio- fila'ceous [L. filum, a thread.] Filamentous.
sclerosis involving the walls of the smaller fil' anient [L. filum, a thread.] a. A
fibril, a fine
arteries and the capillaries, diffuse arterio- fiber, or thread-like structure. ^. In botany,

sclerosis, replace'ment f., the formation of the stalk of a stamen, ax'ial f., the central fibril
fibrous tissue taking the place of atrophied struc- of the flagellum of a spermatozoon, spennat'ic
tures of a higher order. f., a spermatozoon, especially the tail of a sper-

irositis (fi-bro-si'(se')tis) [L. fibra, fiber, -I- -Uis.'\ matozoon.

Inositis, inflammatoryhyperplasia of white filamentous (fil-S.-men'tus). Fibrillar, filar; in
fibrous tissue, as in chronic rheumatism and mus- •bacteriology, noting a colony composed of
cular rheumatism; interstitial myositis. long, interwoven, irregularly disposed threads;
irot'ic.Relating to or marked by fibrosis. see cut under colony, i, E.
brous. Fibrose, composed of fibers, f. tis's,ue, filar (fi'lar) [L.^/«m,athread.] Fibrillar, filament-
connective tissue. ous, reticular, f. mass, f. sub'stance, reticular

I'ula, gen. and pi. fib'ula \L. a brooch.] [BNA] substance. * "*

Calf-bone, peroneal bone; external and smaller Fila'ria [L. filum, a thread.] A
genus of Nematoda
of the two bones of the leg; it articulates with the the members of which live parasitically in the
tibia above and the tibia and astragalus below. subcutaneous connective tissue and in the serous
I'ular. Relating to the fibula. cavities. F, ban'crofti, F. sanguinis hominis, F.
lula'ris [L.] Fibular; relating to the fibula or to nocturna, a nematode worm^ the adult of which
any structures named from it. inhabits the lymphatic vessels; the larvse are
lulocalcaneal (fib"u-lo-kal-ka'ne-al). Relating to found in the peripheral blood-vessels during the
the fibula and the calcaneus, or os calcis. night but not during the day; the parasite is
ci [L. fictis, fig.] Grease in horses. transmitted by the mosquito; chyluria, hema-
ck's bacil'lus [Rudolph Armin Fick, German tuija, anemia, lymph-scrotum, and other symp-
physician, *i866.] Bacillus proieus vulgaris. toms may be caused by the worm. F. conjunc-
ck'er's diagnos'ticum [Philip Martin Ficker, tl'vsB, a parasite of the connective tissue of the

German bacteriologist, *i868.] An emulsion of horse and only rarely of man. F. demarquay'i, a
killed typhoid bacillus culture for the convenient blood parasite in natives of the Windward Islands
carrying out of the Widal-Gruber test. in the West Indies. F. diur'na, a blood-parasite,
o'sis [L. ficus, fig.] Sycosis. resembling F. bancrofti, the larvae of which appear
cus [L.] (N.P., Br.) Fig, the partially dried fruit in the blood during the daytime only. F. equi'na,
of Ficus carica; is employed, especially in domes- a species parasitic in the peritoneal cavity of
tic medicine, as a laxative. the horse and allied species. F. hom'inis o'ris, a
!ucinales (fi-du-si-na'lez) [L. fiducinalis, relating to species foiuid once in the mouth of a child. F.
Fiddle muscles, lumbricales of the imxnl'tis [L. rough], a species inhabiting the veins
fides, a lyre.]
fingers. and right cavities of the heart in the dog; it is
edler's disease' (fed'ler) [Carl Ludwig Alfred transmitted by the mosquito, either Anopheles or
Fiedler, German physician, *i83S.] Acute in- Culex. F. iner'mis, F. conjunciivce. F. labia'lis,
fectious jaundice, Weil's * disease. a species one specimen of which was extracted
 FILARIA 364 FINCKH TEST

from a pustiale of the lip. F. F. oculi

len'tis, passed around the presenting part of the fetus,
humani. F. lo'a, Dracunculus a species
oculi, used for making traction.
inhabiting the subconjvinctival connective tissue, fill'ing. Plug, stopping, any substance, such as
F. magalhSL'esi, a species resembhng F. bancrofti gold, amalgam, etc., used for closing a cavity in a
found in the left ventricle at an autopsy on a tooth, pombina'tion f., a tooth-filling of two or
Brazilian. F. medinen'sis, Dracunculus tnedinen- more materials applied in layers.
sis, D. persarum, Guinea worm, Medina worm; a fil'mogen [film + G. gennad, to produce.] Liquor
worm inhabiting the cellular tissue; the female, adhesivus, trade name of what is said to be a
- in order to liberate her yoimg, bores a hole solution of pyroxylin in acetone with the! addition
through the skin, usually at the ankle, where an of a little fixed oil; employed for the same pur-
ulcer forms; the young are freed by rupture of poses as collodion.
the uterus and then the worm escapes from the filopo'dium, pi. -filopo'dia [L. -filum, thread, +
body; it is common in the neighborhood of the (pseudo)podium.] A slender, filamentous pseudo-
Red Sea, and is believed to have been the "fiery podium.
serpent" that tormented the Israelites. F, noc- fi'lopressuxe [L. filum, thread.] Temporary pressure
tur'na, F. bancrofti. F. oc'uU, F. loa. F. oc'uli on a blood-vessel by a ligature, which is removed
huma'ni, a nematode which has been found very when the flow of blood has ceased.
rarely in the crystalline lens. F. oz'zardi, a blood filovarico'sis [L. filunt, thread, 4- varix, dilatation of
parasite, present both day and night, found in a vein.] A series of swellings along the course of
Carib Indians of Guiana. F. peritone'i hom'inis, the axis-cylinder of a nerve-fibril.
F. conjunctival. F. per'stans [L. enduring], a fil'ter [L. filtrare, to strain through filtTum, felt.] i.
blood parasite, resembling F bancrofti, but pres-
. To
pass a fluid through a porous substance which
ent in the blood both day and night it causes no
; arrests all suspended solid particles except those
symptoms so far as known.F. philippinen'sis, of extreme minuteness. 2. An apparatus pro-
an apparently distinct species of F. found in man vided with a porous substance through which a
in the Philippine Islands. F. restifor'mis, a form fluid is passed in order to separate it from any
obtained once from the urethra of a young man. solids it may contain. Ber'kefeld f., Cham'beT-
F. san'guinis hom'inis [L. of the blood of man], F. land f., etc., see the proper names.
bancrofti, F. nocturna, F. diurna, F. perstans. F. fil'trate. The liquid which has been passed through
vol'vulus, a parasite found in subcutaneous a filter.
ttmiors, the size of a pea to that of a pigeon's egg, filtration (fil-tra'shun) The process of passing a
.

, in natives of the west coast of Africa. liquid through a filter.

fila'rial. Relating to a filaria or to filariae. fil'trum [L.] A filter, f. ventric'uli, Merkel's iil-
filari'asis. A disease caused by the presence of trum, a groove between the two prominences, in
filariae in the tissues of the body; it occurs in tropi- each lateral wall of the vestibule of the larynx,
cal and subtropical regions. Elephantiasis, formed by the cuneiform and the arytenoid car-
lymph-scrotum, and chyluria are manifestations tilages.
of the disease. fi'lum [L. thread.] A
structure of filamentous or
filariform (fi-lar'i-form) [filaria +
X:. forma, form.] thread-like appearance, f. du'rse ma'tris spina'-

Resembling filaria or nematode worms. lis [BNA], the termination of the spinal dura
Filatov's disease' (fe-lah'tawf) [A. N. Filatov, Rus- mater, surrounding the filum terminale of the
sian physician, contemporary.] Dukes' disease, cord, and attached to the periosteum of the
fourth disease*. F.'s spots, Koplik's* spots. coccyx, f. radicula're, pi. fi'la radicula'ria
filicic acid (fil-is'ik as'id). A
white amorphous [BNA], one of the filaments issuing from the
powder, the anthelmintic principle in male fern, dorsolateral fissiire of the spinal cord which
or aspidium; dose, gr. 6-15 (0.4— 1 .0). f, anhy'- forms the dorsal root (radix posterior) of a
dride, fUicin. spinal nerve, f. termina'le [BNA], terminal
firicin. Filicic anhydride, an inert yellowish pow- thread, nervus impar, a long slender filament
der from the rhizome of male fern, filix mas. extending from the extremity of the conus
fil'ifonn [L. filum, thread, + forma, form.] Fila- medullaris to the termination of the spinal
mentous, hair-like, thread-like; in bacteriology, canal.
noting an even growth along the line of inocula- fimbria, pi. fimbria (fim'bri-ah) [L. fimbritB, fringe.]
tion, either stroke or stab; see cut under culture, Any fringe-like structure, f. hippocam'pi [BNA],
B, I. f. bougie', a very slender bougie of firm a narrow band of white substance, continuous
but yielding structure, f. pulse, a thready pulse, with the alveus, attached to the medialconcave
one occurring in a contracted artery and barely border of the hippocampus, f. ova'rica [BNA],
perceptible. one (the largest) of the fimbriae of the Fallopian
fll'igree implanta'tion. The burying of a filigree, or tube connected with the tubal pole of the ovary.
network, of silver in the abdominal wall in .order fim'briffi tu'bae uteri'nse [BNA], the irregularly
to" close a large abdominal hernia. branched or fringed processes surrounding the
Filipowicz's symp'tom (te-le'po-vich) [Casimir Fili- abdominal opening of the Fallopian tube.
fowicz, Polish physician, contemporary.] A fim'briate, fim'briated. Having fimbriae, fringed;
peculiar yellow staining of the palms and soles bacteriology, noting a colony with border
in
with subsequent desquamation, in certain pyretic fringed with projections larger and thicker than
conditions, such as articular rheumatism, typhoid cilia; see cut under colony, 3, g.
fever, and tuberculosis. fimbria'tum. Corpus fimbria tum; (i) the outer or
fllipuncture (fil"i-punk'chur) [L. filum, thread, H- ovarian end of the oviduct; (2) a white band on
punctum, puncture.] Treatment of an aneurysm the edge of the comu inferius of the lateral ven-
by the insertion of a coil of slender wire to induce tricle of the brain.
coagulation. fimbriocele (fim'brl-o-sSl) [G. kele, hernia.] A her-
fi'llx [L.] Fern. f. fem'ina, female fern, spleen- nia of the corpus fimbriatimi of the oviduct.
wort, f. mas, male fern, aspidium.'*' Finckh test. [Johann Finckh, German psychi-
fiU'et [Fr. filet, a band.] i. Lemniscus,"' a band of atrist, ""1873.] For mental disease; the patient
nerve-fibers, z. A skein or loop of soft tissue is asked to explain certain Droverbial exores-
 ,

:nckh test 365 FISCHER'S SOLUTION

sions, such as " burn the candle at both ends," denostomy in which a large opening is formed
'the early bird catches the worm," etc. ensuring free drainage from the stomach,
ger (fing'ger) [A.S.] One of the digits of the Fin'sen light [Niels Ryberg Finsen, Copenhagen
land; digitus, clubbed f., Hippocratic* f. dead physician, 1860-1904.] The violet and ultra-
[., see digiti mortui. drop f ., hammer f fifth f .
., violet rays of the spectrum filtered out of the
.ittle f . first f., thumb, pollex. fore f., second sunlight by a hollow planoconvex lens filled with
;., index, digitus
demonstrativus. fourth f., an ammoniacal solution of copper sulphatp;
ring f. ham'mer f., flexion at the proximal usually, instead of the filtered sunlight, the
mterphalangeal joint of a finger, usually the little
anger, in'dex f., second f., fore f., digitus
iemonstrativus. little f., fifth f., digitus auricu- ,
laris, digitus minimus, lock f., trigger f maU'et .

., hammer f. med'ical f., ring f. middle f.,

third f., digitus medius. Morse f., telegrapher's
;ramp, spasmodic contractions of the index fin-
der in attempting to work the key of a telegraph
instrument, ring f., fourth f., digitus annularis,
ligitus medicus, digitus medicinalis. sec'ond f .,
lore f. snap f., trigger f. spring f., trigger f.
third f., middle f. trigg'er f., an affection in
which the movement of the finger is arrested for
1 moment in flexion or extension and then con-
binues with a jerk, wax'y fingers, dead fingers.
webbed fingers, two or more fingers united and "g^*
enclosed in a common sheath of skin. 4 ^
ibsence, adactylia, ectodactylia, adactylism, ecto-
lactylism. adhesion, syndactylism, dactylosymphysis
aone, phalanx, clubbed, Hippocratic fingers, com-
municating by means of, dactylology, contraction,
iactylogryposis, dactylocanipsodynia, dactylospasm.
:urvature, chirodactylia, ehirodactylism. deviation, FiNGER-PKiNTS : I and 2, Loops, showing also Galton'a
ligitus extensus, d. flexus, d. varus, d. valgus, dropsy delta; 3, arches; 4, whorls; 5, circles; 6, showing the-
3f, dactyledema gout in, dactylagra. having an even mark of a scar.
number, artiodactyious. having an odd number, peris-
sodaotylous. having fingers of even length, isodactyl-
3US. having five, pentadactylous, oiuinquedigitate. electric arc light is used, the rays being made
having four, tetradactylous, quadridigitate. having parallel by two planoconvex lenses. The light is
nore than five, hyperdactylous, polydactylous. hav- used in the treatment of lupus and other affec-
ing one, monodactylous, unidigitate. having six, tions of the skin. F. meth'od, (i) treatment of
iiexadactylous, sedigitate, sexdigitate. having three,
tridactylous, tridigitate. having two, didactylous, skin diseases by the F. light; (2) prevention of
bidigitate. impeded contraction, spring finger, trigger pitting in smallpox by keeping the patient in a.
[inger. inflammation, dactylitis, dactylarthritis, pan- red-lighted room, the chemical rays at the other
iritium, panaris, paronychia, felon, whitlow, joint,
knuckle, large, macro actyl, megadactyl. largeness, end of the spectrum being excluded.
lactylomegaly, megalodactylism, macrodactylism. fir. Abies.
long, macrodactyl. painftd contraction, dactylocamps- firedamp (fir'damp). Marsh gas, or light carbureted
3dynia. pain in, dactylalgia, dactylodynia. perma-
nent flexure, dactylogryposis, Dupuytren's contraction hydrogen, forming an explosive mixtture with the
iactylocampsis. rheumatism, dactylarthritis. short, oxygen of the air.
braohydactyl. slender, leptodactyl. small, micro- first-aid. Immediate assistance given in the case
lactyl. spasmodic contraction, dactylospasm. spon-
taneous amputation, dactylolysis, ainhum. supernu- of injury or sudden illness by a bystander or other
merary, polydactylism. thick, pachydactyl. webbed, lay-person, before the arrival of the physician.
lactylia, dactylium, dactylosymphysis, syndactyl- first nerve (furst'nurv). Nervus* olfactorius.
ism, palmature.
Fisch'er's cer'ebral mur'mur
[Louis Fischer, New
ger-and-toe disease
(fing'ger-and-to diz-ez'). York physician, bom
in Austria, 1864.] mur- A
Plasmodiophora brassiere, a turnip disease caused mur synchronous with the cardiac systole heard
by exposure to manure treated with sulphurous over the anterior fontanelle in rachitic infants.
icid, supposed to be analogous to certain cancers F.'s symp'tom, a presystolic non-valvular mur-
jccurring in workmen exposed to sulphur fumes. mur audible in cases of pericardial adhesions.
ger-phenomenon (fing'ger-fe-nom'e-non). A Fisch'er's meth'od [Georg Fischer, German surgeon,
iign of organic hemiplegia; the patient's arm 1836.] Gradual formation of a gastric fistula.
resting with the elbow on a table, the examiner The stomach is first attached to the abdominal
jrasps the wrist and makes pressure with his wall, and after four days, when the adhesions
;humb on the radial side of the pisiform bone; if are firm, a hypodermic needle is
sufficiently
the hemiplegia is organic, some or all of the passed obliquely into the stomach and one or
Datient's fingers become extended and spread two ounces of milk are injected; following this,
3ut in a fan-like form. needles of gradually increasing size are passed
ger-print. An impression of the inked bulb of the daily at the same point and finally a trocar of
iisi:al phalanx of a finger showing the configura- sufficient size for the ready administration of
tion of the ridges, employed as a means of Identl- liquid food.
Bcation; see Gallon's* system. Fisch'er*s sign. In a case of tuberculosis of the
ik'lei -Prior spiril'lum [Ditmar Finkler, German bronchial glands, if one bends the child's head
Dacteriologist, 1852-1912; Prior, German bacte- as far back as possible, auscultation over the
riologist, contemporary.] Vibrio proieus, an manubrium stemi will sometimes reveal a con-
Drganism resembling the comma bacillus, found tinuous loud murmur caused by the pressure of
in the feces in cholera nostras. the enlarged glands on the vena anonyma.
I'ney's opera'tion [John Miller Turpin Finney, Fisch'er's solu'tion [Martin Henry Fischer,
Baltimore surgeon, '''1863.] A form of gastroduo- I American physician,* 1879.] Sodium carbonate.
 FISCHER'S SOLUTION 366 FISTULA

10-15; sodium chloride, 14; water, 1000; em- f. orbita'lis supe'rior [BNA], superior orbital fissure,

ployed in the treatm.ent of nephritis, or of sphenoidal fissure, foramen lacerum anterius; a cleft
between the greater and the lesser wing of the sphenoid
uremia resulting thereform.
establishing a channel of communication between the
Fisch'er's test [Emil Fischer, German chemist, middle cranial fossa and the orbit, through which pass
1852— 1919.] On boiling urine with phenyl- the third, fourth, ophthalmic division of the fifth, and
hydrazine and sodium acetate, yellow acicular the sixth cranial nerves, and the ophthalmic veins.
crystals of phenylglucosazone will be formed if f. palpebra'rum, the opening between the margins of

glucose is present; Kowarsky's and v. Jaksch's the eyelids.

f pari"etooccipita'lis [B N A], parieto-occipital fissure,
tests depend upon the same reaction, differing .

a fissure on the mesial surface of each cerebral hemi-

only in some details of manipulation.
sphere, extending upward from the calcarine fissure
fish'skin disease'. Ichthyosis.
from just behind the splenium of the corpus callosum;
Fiske-Biy 'son's sign [Louise Fiske-Bryson, New York it marks the boundary between the cuneus and pre-
physician, contemporary.] Diminished inspira- cuneus, or between the occipital and the parietal
tory excursion of the chest in exophthalmic goiter. lobes.
fission (fish'-un) [L. fissio; findere, to cleave.] f. perpendicula'ris exter'na, external perpendicular

Division of a cell or its nucleus, bi'naiy f., fissure, a temporary infolding in the wall of the cere-
bral hemisphere in the human fetus, corresponding to
simple f. in which the two new cells are approxi-
a permanent fissure in the adult ape, the "Affen-
mately equal in size, mul'tiple f., sporulation, spalte" or ape-fissure.
division of the nucleus, simultaneously or suc- f. petrooccipita'Iis [BNA], occipital fissure, a fissure
cessively, into a number of daughter nuclei, passing backward from the foramen lacerum between
followed by division of the cell-body into an the outer side of the basioccipital and the posterior and
equal number of parts, each containing a nucleus. i nner border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone-

sim'ple f., division of the nucleus and then the i. petrosquamo'sa [BNA], a shallow fissure indicating
externally the line of fusion of the petrous and squamous
cell-body into two parts.
portions of the temporal bone.
fiss'ion-fungus. Schizomycete, bacterium. f. petrotympan'ica [BNA], petrotympanic fissure,
fissiparity (fis"l-par'I-ti) [L. findere, to split, + Glaserian fissure, a fissure between the tympanic and
parere, to bring forth.] Scissiparity,schizogenesis. squamous portions of the temporal bone; it transmits
£ssij>'arous [L. fissus; findere, to cleave, -I- parere, to the chorda tympani nerve (through the canal of
" -produce.] Reproducing or propagating by fission. Huguier).
Fissipe'dia [L. fissus, cloven, -H pes(ped), foot.] A f. pterygoid'ea [BNA], pterygoid notch, a cleft
between the two pterygoid plates, lamina lateralis and
suborder of the camivora having the toes sepa-
1 amina medialis of the sphenoid bone, into which fits the
rated and suited to walking.
pterygoid process or tuberosity of the palate bone.
fissu'ra, pi. fissures [L. from findere to cleave.] Fis- f . puden'di, rima pudendi.
sure, cleft, sulcus. f. Sil'vii, f. cerebri lateralis.
f.sphe"nopetro'sa [BNA], a narrow fissure between
the under surface of the great wing of the sphenoid and
f. antitragohelici'na [BNA], antitragohelicine fissure,
the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
a fissure in the auricular cartilage between the cauda-
f. transver'sa cerebel'li, transverse fissure of the
helicis and the antitragus.
cerebellum, a depression or cleft between the cere-
f. auricula'ris, f. tympanomastoidea.
bellar peduncles on either side and the anterior por-
f. calcari'na [BNA], calcarine fissure, a deep fissure
tion, or nodule, of the vermis.
running in an arched form backward from the isthmus f. transver'sa cer'ebri, transverse fissure of the
of the fornicate gyrus to the occipital pole, bounding
cerebrum, a cleft intervening between the corpus
the upper border of the lingual gyrus.
callosum and fornix above and the diencephalon
f. cer'ebri lateralis [BNA], lateral cerebral fissure,
below, through which passes a double lamina of pia
fissure of Sylvius,the largest of the cerebral fissures,
mater, the tela chorioidea which roofs over the third
arising from the substantia perforata anterior and
ventricle.
passing upward and backward, separating the temporal
f. tympanomastoid'ea [BNA], tympanomastoid or
from the frontal and parietal lobes; it usually divides auricular fissure, a fissure separating the tympanic
into three branches on the convex surface of the hemi-
posteriorly from the mastoid and squamous portions of
sphere.
the temporal bone; it transmits the auricular branch of
coUatera'Iis[BNA], collateral fissure, alongsagitta
f.
the vagus nerve.
fissure bounding the under surface of the temporal
lobe on its medial aspect, separating the fusiform fis'sural. Relating to a fissure.
gyrus from the hippocampal and lingual gyri.
f. denta'ta, dentate fissure, f. hippocampi [BNA].
fissure (fish'ur) [L. fissura.l x. A
furrow, cleft, or
for the normal anatomical fissures see fissura,
slit;
f. hippocam'pi [BNA], hippocampal fissure, dentate

fissure, a fissure bounding the medial surface of the and for most of the brain fissures, sulcus, 2. In
gyrus hippocampi, extending from the sulcus corporis dentistry a break or fault in the enamel of a tooth,
callosi forward, between the fascia dentata and the fissured (fish'urd). Marked by or containing fis-
hippocampal convolution, its anterior extremity being sures, cracks, or clefts.
capped by the uncus. fis'tula [L. a pipe, a tube.] i. A
pathological sinus
f. longitudina'lis cer'ebri [BNA], longitudinal fissure
or abnormal passage leading from an abscess
of the cerebrum, great longitudinal fissure, a deep cleft
separating the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.
cavity or a hollow organ to the surface, or from
f. media'na ante'rior [BNA], anterior median fissure,
one abscess cavity or organ to another. 2. A

a deep fissure in the median line of the anterior surface natural canal, such as the esophagus or trachea
of the spinal cord and of the medulla oblongata. (obsolete).
f, media'na poste'rior (i) [BNA], the posterior med-
ian fissure of the medulla oblongata occupying the abdom'lnal f ., a tract leading from one of the abdom-
lower half of the medulla and terminating at the tower inal viscera to the external surface.
point of the fossa rhomboidalis; (2) sulcus medianus ae'rial f., a tract leading from the trachea or other
posterior [BNA], part of the air passages to the surface of the neck.
f. orbita'liB infe'rior [BNA], "inferior orbital fissure, amphibol'ic f., amphib'olous f., a complete f., an
sphenomaxillary fissure; a cleft between the greater anal f. opening both externally and internally.
wing of the sphenoid and the orbital plate of the a'nal f ., a f opening at or near the anus, usually, but
.

m.axilla, through which pass the superior maxillary not always, opening into the rectum above the internal
division of the fifth nerve, the orbital branch of the sphincter.
same, fibers from. Meckel's ganglion, and the infra- bil'iary f., a f. leading to the gall-bladder or other
orbital vessels. portion of the biliary tract.
FISTULA 367 FLAGELLUM
blind f., one that ends in a cul-de-sac, being open at u'rachal f., a f. connecting the urachus with the
one extremity only. rectum or other hollow organ.
bran'chial f., a congenital fistula in the neck due to u'rinary f., f. urinaria.
incomplete closure of a branchial cleft. urogen'ital f,, genitourinary f.

cer'vical f., (i) an aerial or a branchial

f.; (2) a
fistula of the cervix uteri.
coccyg'eal f., a fistulous opening of a dermoid cyst fisttila'tion, fistuUza'tion. Formation of fistulas in
in the coccygeal region. a part becoming
; fistulous.
complete' f ., one which is open at both ends. fis'tulatome [G. tome, a cutting.] A long, thin-
den'tal f ., a f. leading down to the cavity of an alve- bladed, probe-pointed knife for slitting up a
olar abscess. fistula.
enterovag'inal a
fistulous passage connecting
f., fistuloenterostomy (fis"tu-lo-en-ter-os'to-mI). The
some portion of the intestine and the vagina. operative closure of an external biliary fistula and
enteroves'ical £., a f. connecting the intestine and formation of a new tract for passage of the bile
the bladder. into the intestine.
an intestinal f.
fe'cal f ., fis'tulous. Relating to or containing a fistula.
f. au'ris congen'ita, a congenital f. resulting from a fit [A.S. fiit.J I. An attack of an acute disease, or
defect in the formation of the auricle. the sudden appearance of some symptom, such
f. bellinia'na, Bellini's fistula,
bimuco'sa,
a urinary tubule. as coughing. 2. A
convulsion.
i. (l) a complete anal fistula, both ends of Fitz's syn'drome [Reginald Heber Fitz, Boston
which open on the mucous surface; (2) perforation into physician, 1843-19 13.] Severe epigastric pain,
two neighboring intestinal coils in certain cases of
peritonitis. vomiting, and collapse, appearing suddenly, and
f. cer"vicovagina'lis laquea'la [L. laqueatus, paneled], followed within twenty-four hours by tympanites
a fistulous communication between the uterine cervical or a circumscribed epigastric swelling; indicative
canal and the vagina. of acute pancreatitis.
f. ciba'lis, the esophagus. Fiuggi, Italy (fe-ood'je). Saline waters. Radio-
f . col'li congen'ita, a congenital f of the neck leading
.
active properties. Cold. Used by drinking for
to the pharynx or the air passage.
gastric complaints.
f. a f. resulting from an unhealed wound in
cor'neae,
the cornea, the external opening being usually covered fizateur (feks-S-ter') Metchnikoff 's term for ambo-
.

with conjunctiva. ceptor.

f, cru'ris, the fibula. fixa'tion [L. fixus; figere, to fasten.] ±. The condi-
i. giagiva'lis, dental f. tion of being fixed or firmly attached or set. 3.
f. lacrima'lis, a f. opening into a tear duct or the The art of fixing or making firm. 3 In histology, ' .

lacr3mial sac. the rapid killing of tissue elements and their

f.lymphaf ica, a congenital f in the neck connecting .
hardening, so that they are preserved in the same
with a lymphatic vessel and giving exit to lymph.
relations they had in the living body. 4. In
f. nervo'rum, the nervilemma.
f. see under test.
test,
chemistry, the solidification of a gas on uniting
t. urina'ria, a f. of any part of the urinary tract. with a solid, f. of com'plement, see under com-
Eds' trie f ., a fistulous tract leading from the abdom- plement, point of f., the point on the retina at
inal wall into the stomach. which the rays coming from an object regarded
gastrocol'ic {., a fistulous communication between directly are focussed. re'nal f., an approach to
the stomach and the colon.
uniformity in the rate of excretion and in the
gastroduod'enal f., an abnormal opening between the
specific gravity of the urine, and delay or failure
stomach and the duodenum.
gastrolntes'tinal f., a fistulous tract connecting the to respond by increased excretion to the inges-
stomach with any portion of the intestine. tion of food.
genitou'rinary f ., a fistulous opening into any portion flx'ative. i. Serving to fix or make firm. j. A
of the urogenital tract. substance used in the hardening and preservation
hepaf ic f., a f. leading to the liver, biliary f. of pathological and histological specimens. 3.
horse'shoe f., an anal f. encircling the anus and Amboceptor.
opening at both extremities on the cutaneous surface. fix'ator. Amboceptor.
incomplete' blind f.
f .,
inter'nal f., a f., usually a blind f., communicating
fix'ing. See fixation (3).
only with the intestine or other internal organ. flabel'Ium [L. a fan.] A
fan-shaped bundle of white
lac' teal f., mammary {., a fistulous opening into one fibers in the corpus striatum.
of the lacteal ducts. flaccid (flak'sid) [L. fiaccidus.] Relaxed, fiabby,
me"tropeTitone'al t., a fistulous tract through the without bone.
uterine wall opening into the peritoneal cavity. flacherie (fiS-sher-e') [Fr.] A microparasitic disease
pari'etal f., a f., either blind or complete, opening
of silkworms.
on the wall of the thorax or abdomen.
flag. Calamus.
perineovag'inal f., a f. through the perineum, opening
into the vagina.
Flagella'ta Ewflagellata, a subclass of Masti-
pharyn'geal f ., a form of f. colli congenita. gophora, including the chief parasitic forms in
pul'monaiy t., a parietal f. communicating with the this class, such as the trypanosomata and the
lung. spirochaetEB.
rectola'bial f., one opening into the rectum and on flagellate (flaj'el-at). i. Having one or more
the surface of a labium majus. fiagella. 2. A protozoon provided with one or
rectoure'thral f., one connecting the rectum and the
more fiagella. one of the Masiigophora. coll'axed
female urethra.
rectovag'inal f., a fistulous opening between the
f., one of the Ckoanoflagellata.
rectum and the vagina. flagellated (flaj'el-a-ted). Flagellate (i). f. bod'y,
rectoves'ical f., a fistulous communication between the malarial gametocjrte or any similar form in
the rectum and the bladder. other protozoa.
rectovul'var f., rectolabial f. flagel'lospore. Flagellula.
sal'ivary f ., a f. a salivary duct.
leading into flagel'Iula [dim. of flagellum.] A flagellated swarm-
spermaf ic f ., a f. communicating with the testicle or
spore, flagellospore, a swarm-spore provided
any of the seminal passages.
Bter'coral f., fecal f.
with one or more fiagella. Contrasted with
thorac'ic f ., parietal f. amcebula.
tra'cheal f., aerial f.; a form of f. colli congenita. flagellum, pi. fiagella (flS-jel'tun) [L. a whip.] A
 ; ;

FLAGELLUM 368 FLESH

long hair-like process, or cilium, attached to an of flat cells on the outer surface of the neuroglia;
extremity of a protozoon or bacterium there may- ; F.'s fascic'ulus, (i) fasciculus* anterior proprius.
be one or more flagella .at each extremity. (2) fasciculus* lateralis proprius. F.'s tract,
flail-joint, A
joint with abnormal mobility, fasciculus* cerebellospinalis. F.'s treat'ment, the
especially in the direction of extension. treatment of epilepsy by opium or morphine in
Flajani's disease' (flah-yah'ne) [Giuseppe Flajani, increasing doses followed by the bromides.
Italian surgeon, 1741-1808.] Exophthalmic flec'tion [L. flectere, to bend.] Flexion.
goiter. hemom'eter (flish'l) [Ernst von Fleischl
Fleischl's
flame-spots. Large hemorrhagic areas in the eye- von Marxow, Viennese physiologist, 1846— 1891.]
grounds such as may sometimes be seen in cases An instrument for estimating the hemoglobin
of advanced pernicious anemia. percentage of the blood, by comparing a
flank. The side of the body between the pelvis and definite dilution of a drop of blood with a wedge-
the ribs, latus [BNA]. shaped piece of ruby glass under water.
flank-bone. Os ilium. Fleischmann's bur'sa (flish'mahn) [Godfried
flann'el-rash. Pityriasis or dermatitis sebor- Fleischmann, German anatomist, 1777-1853.]
rhoica of the chest and back. An inconstant serous bursa at the level of the
flap. A tongue or lip of tissue, cut away from the frenum linguse, between the surface of the genio-
underlying parts but attached at one end; used glossus muscle and the mucous membrane of the
in plastic surgery for filling a defect in a neighbor- floor of the mouth. F.'s hygro'ma, inflamma-
ing region, or to cover the sawn end of the bone tion or distention of F.'s bursa.
after amputation.
flaps. A disease of the horse marked by swelling
of the lips.
flat. 1. Of even plane surface. 2. Without reso-
nance and of low pitch, said of a percussion note.
3. Insipid, without flavor; not effervescent.
Flatau's law (fia'tow) [Edward Flatau, Warsaw
neurologist. *i863 ] The excentric position of
the long spinal tracts; the greater the distance
the nerve-fibers run lengthwise in the cord, the
more they tend toward its periphery.
flat-foot. Pes planus, a foot with sunken arch, so
that the entire sole is in contact with the ground
usually associated with pes valgus.
flat'ness. The quality of being flat.
flat'ulence [L. fiatulentus; flatus, a blowing.] The
presence of an excessive amoiant of gas in the
stomach and intestines.
flat'ulent. Relating to or suffering from flatulence.
fla'tus [L. blowing.]
a. i. Expired air. ^. Gas in

the stomach or intestine. 3. Eructation, f.

Fleischl's Hemometer: a, Compartment into which
vagina'lis, expulsion of gas from the vagina. blood is put; o', compartment into which water is put;
flave'do [L. fiavus, yellow.] Yellowness of the skin, G, mixing cell; K,K, slip of ruby glass of graduated
thickness, adjoining the scale marked on the metal
jaundice, sallowness. frame, P, P; i?, cogged wheel for sliding the frame
fiavescens (fli-ves'senz) {L^flavescere, to become containing the glass slip; Tj screw by which R is moved
yellow.] Yellowish. 5, reflector; M, opemng in stage through which the
scale markings are read.
flavine (fla'ven) [L. .^oi/Mi, yellow.] i. vegetable A
dye of yellow color. 2. A
yellow acridine dye, Fleitmann's test (flit'mahn) [Th. Fleitmann, German
preparations of which are employed as surgical chemist, nineteenth century.] For arsenic hydro-
;

antiseptics; see acrijlavine and proflavine. gen is generated in a test-tube containing the sus-
fla'vor. I The quality affecting the taste or odor pected fluid, the fluid is heated and a piece of
of any substance- .£. A
therapeutically inert fllter paper moistened with silver nitrate solution
substance added to a prescription to give an is held over the top; if arsenic is present the
agreeable taste to the mixture. moistened paper is blackened.
flax [A.S. fl.eax.'l Linum. f. lily, phormium. New Flem'ing's tinc'ture of ac'onite [Alexander Fleming,
Zealand flax, a decoction of the rhizome of which British physician, 1824-1875.] Tinctura aconiti,
has been used in checking inflammation and Fleming (N.F.).
suppuration. Flemming's fi'brillaiy mass [Walther Flemming,
flax'seed. Linseed, linum.* German anatomist, 1843-1906.] Spongioplasm.
flea. An insect of the genus Pulex, The cominon F.'s fluid, a hardening fluid of glacial acetic acid 3,
f. which attacks man is Pulex irriians. rat f., 2 per cent, solution of osmic acid 12, i per cent,

a f. parasitic on the rat and instrumental in solution of chromic acid 50. F.'s germ centers,
transmitting the plague the most;common forms aggregations of leucocytes in lymphoid tissue.
are Pulex fasciaius, P. pallidus, and Typhlopsylla F.'s interfi'brillary sub'stance, paramitome. F.'s
musculi. solu'tion, liquor acidi chromo-aceto-osmici. F.'s
flea'bane, Erigeron. trip'le stain, flx section in acetic alcohol, stain i
fleam. A lancet, especially one for phlebotomy or hour in saturated aqueous safranin solution, wash
a gum-lancet. and stain J hour in saturated aqueous methyl
Flechsig's a'reas (flekh'zig) [Paul Emil Flechsig, violet solution; wash and flood with orange-ace-
Gemaan neurologist, *i847.] Three divisions of tone.
each lateral half of the medulla as seen on section, flesh [A.S. flcBsc] I. The meat of animals used for

marked off by the root fibers of the hypoglossal food. 2 Muscular tissue. 3. Adiposity, stout-
and vagus nerves; the areas are called anterior, ness, proud f., exuberant granulations from a
lateral, and posterior. F.'s cutic'ulum, a layer wounded surface or ulcer.
-ETCHERISM 369 ELOURENS'S THEORY

tch'erism [Horace Fletcher, American author,

,
more or less distinct rumbling, echoing in quality,
[849-1919.] A dietary system advocated by heard at the apex of the heart in the middle of
Horace Fletcher, consisting in most complete diastole or more distinctly presystolic; it occurs
nastication, carried to the point where all frequently in cases of aortic incompetency.
jaste of the food is lost, and in abstention from Flitwick Well, England (flit'ik) Chalybeate waters.
.

:ood until driven thereto by hunger. Cold. Used by drinking in anemia, chlorosis,
tch'erize. To practise Fletcherism.* dyspepsia, neuralgia, and general debility.
: [flexus; flectere, to bend.] To bend, to move a floating (flot'ing). i. Free, unattached, noting the
bint in such a direction as to approximate the lower ribs the cartilages of which are not articu-
;wo parts which it connects. lated directly with the sternum i. Out of the
dbil'itas ce'rea [L. waxy flexibility.] The pe- normal position, unduly movable, wandering,
;uliar rigidity of catalepsy which may be over- noting an occasional abnormal condition of cer-
;ome by slight external force, but returns at once, tain organs, as the kidneys, liver, spleen, etc.
lolding the limb firmly in the new position. floccilegium (flok-sWe'jJ-um) [L. flocculus, tuft, +
dbil'ity. The capability of being bent, pliability. legere, to gather together.] Floccillation, cro-
jlble, flexile (fleks'i-bl, fleks'il). Pliant, capa- cidismus, carphologia.*
ble of being bent without breaking. floccillation (flok-sHa'shun) [L. flocculus.] Car-
rimeter (fleks-im'e-tur) [flexion + G. metron, phologia, an aimless plucking at the bedclothes,
neasure.] Ah instrument for measuring the as if one were picking off threads or tufts of cotton,
iegree of flexion possible in a joint. occurring in the low delirium of a fever.
don (flek'shun). i. Flection, bending; bending of floccose (flok'os) [L. floccus, a flock of wool.] In
I joint so as to approximate the parts it connects, bacteriology, noting a growth of short curving fila-
sending of the spine so that the concavity of the ments or chains, closely but irregularly disposed.
:\irve looks forward. 2. In dentistry the dis- flocc'ular. Relating to a flocculus of any Sort,
placement of a formative organ, resulting in specifically to the flocculus of the cerebellum.
nalposition of the developed tooth. flo'cculent. Resembling tufts of cotton or wool;
ix'ner's bacillus [Simon Flexner, New York noting a fluid, such as the urine, containing
bacteriologist, *i863.] A variety of the dysen- numerous shreds of whitish mucus or other
tery bacillus. F.'s se'rum, an antimeningococcus material, or, in bacteriology a fluid culture in
;erum, curative of epidemic cerebrospinal fever. which there are numerous floating colonies.
e'er. A muscle the action of which is to flex a floc'culus [L tuft ] I. A tuft or shred of cotton or
joint see under musculus.
; wool or anything resembling it. 2. A small lobe
cu'ra [L. a bending.] x. Flexion. ^. Abend. 3. of the cerebellum at the posterior border of the
The knee, or radiocarpal articulation, of a horse brachium pontis anterior to the lobulus biventer;
ir animal of similar anatpmical structure, f. it corresponds to the nodule of the vermis, access'-

luode'nojejuna'Us [BNA], an abrupt bend in ory f., an occasional small lobule of the cere-
;he small intestine at the junction of the duo- bellum in the immediate neighborhood of the
ienum and jejunum, f perinea'lis rec'ti [BNA],
. flocculus.
mal canal, the lower or prostatic portion of the flood (flud) [A S. flod.] j.. To bleed profusely from
ectum, forming an anteroposterior curve with the uterus, as after childbirth or in cases of
;onvexity forward, behind the prostate in the menorrhagia. 2. A
profuse menstrual discharge.
nale. f. sacra'lis rec'ti [BNA], the upper or Flood's lig'ament [Valentine Flood, Irish surgeon,
iacrococcygeal portion of the rectum, forming an 1800-1847.] bandA of the Ugamentum* cora-
mteroposterior curve with convexity backward. cohumerale, attached to the lower part of the
'. sigmoid'ea, colon sigmoideum. lesser tuberosity of the humerus.
njre (fleks'ur) [L. fiexura.] Flexura, flexion; a. flood'ing. I Bleeding profusely from the uterus,
jend. cau'dai f ., the bend at the lower, caudal or especially after childbirth or in severe cases of
iboral, extremity of the embryo, cephal'ic f., menorrhagia. 2. A
profuse uterine hemorrhage.
:he bend at the upper or cephalic extremity of floor-plate. The
thin lower or ventral portion of
;he embryo, cer'vical f., a bend at the juncture the medullary tube in the embryo.
)f the primitive brain and spinal cord in the Flo'ra's myasthen'ic reac'tion or sign. Defective
imbryo. cra'nial f ., cephalic f . dor'sal f ., a f in
. tetanic response to prolonged faradic stimulation
;he mid-dorsal region in the embryo in very early
; of the muscles in cases of traumatic neurasthenia.
itages the f. is with concavity looking backward Flor'ence's reac'tion [Albert Florence, French phy-
Dut later the ^concavity becomes a convexity. sician of Lyons, *i85i.] For testing stains sus-
le'mal f., cephalic f. hepat'ic f., the bend of pected to be of spermatic fluid. drop of the A
transition from the ascending to the transverse washings of the suspected spot is placed on an
»lon. pon'tine f ., a curve with concavity directed object glass alongside of a drop of Lugol's solution
iorsally, caused by a bending of the hind-brain of iodine; at the point where the two touch
ipon itself in the embryo, sig'moid f., pelvic brownish, pointed rhombic crystals are formed
;olon, colon sigmoideum [BNA], S romanum, the {F.'s crystals)
oop formed by the lower end of the descending flo'res [L. pi. of fios, flower.] Blossoms, flowers,
;oten as it joins the rectum, splen'ic f., the bend blooms, f. benzoi'ni, benzoic acid. f. surphuris,

it the junction of the transverse with the descend- flowers of sulphur, sulphur* sublimatum.
ng (jolon. sa'cral f., caudal f. flor'id [L. floridus, flowery.]Of a bright red color,
Qdfs spots [N. Flindt, Danish physician, con- noting certain cutaneous lesions.
;emporary.] Koplik's* spots. Flourens's the'ory (floo-ran') [Jean Pierre Marie
.t-disease'. Chalicosis. Flourens, Parisian physiologist, 1794-1867.] The
at's arcade' [Austin Flint, American physiologist theory that thought is a process depending upon
son of the following), 1836-1915.] A series of the action of the entire cerebrum. F.'s vi'tal

mscular arches at the bases of the pyramids of node (nceud vital), a point corresponding to the
;he kidney.
nucleus of origin of the vagus at the end of the
Qt's mur'mur [Austin Flint, American
physician, rhomboid fossa in the fourth ventricle, destruc-
[812-1886.] A peculiar sound, described as a tion of which causes death by respiratory failure.
 i,

FLOW 370 FLUIDEXTRACTUM

flow [A.S. flowan.] i. To bleed from the uterus root; stimulant and carminative in doses of TI520-40

less profusely than in flooding. 2. The menstrual (1,3-2.6).

f. a'pii fruc'tus (N.F.), fluidextract of celery; diuretic
discharge. 3. The rise in the opsonic index at
and nerve sedative in doses of 15120-40 (i .3-2 .6).
the beginning of the positive phase.
f apo'cyni (N.F.), fluidextract of apocynum or
flow'er [L. flos {fior-) .] The sexual organs of a. .

2-0. 3).
Canadian hemp; dose, 1K3-S Co.
phanerogamous plant, with the floral envelopes, (N.F.), fluidextract of aralia or spikenard;
f. ara'lise
or perianth the sexual organs are the stamens
;
alterative and diaphoretic in doses of 11^20-40 (i .3-2.6).
(male) and pistils (female) the perianth consists
;
f. ar'nicas (N.F,), fluidextract of arnica flowers;
of corolla with its petals (the inner envelope) and alterative and diuretic in doses of njii-2 (0.06-0.13).
caljTc with its sepals (the outer envelope); the f. aromaficum (U.S.), aromatic fluidextract, an

male or female organs may be absent (unisexual alcoholic extract of pulvis aromaticus; used to dis-
guise the odor or taste of various drugs, a brown
flower) and there may be but one perianth.
liquid of aromatic taste; dose, HJ 10-30 (0.6-2.0).
complete' f., one which has all the parts of a f. asclepi'adis (N.F.), fluidextract of asclepias or
flower—calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil, cy'clic pleurisy root; dose 1530 (2.0).
f., one the leaves of which are arranged in whorls. f. aspidosper'matis (U.S.), fluidextract of aspido-
fe'male f., one which has no stamens, or male ele- sperma or quebracho in a menstruum of alcohol, gly-
'
ments. hemiaph''rodite f., one which has both cerin, and water; dose, 3i (4.0).

male and female elements, or both stamens and f. auran'tii ama'ri (U.S.), fluidextract of bitter
orange peel, prepared only from the glandular epider-
pistil, irreg'ular f., one the parts of the floral
mal layer of orange-peel; a liquid of reddish brown
envelope of which are unequal in size, male f., color and aromatic odor and taste ; dose, 5 i~x
one which has stamens only, but no pistil, reg'u- (2.0-4.0).
lar f ., one the parts of the floral envelope of which f. baptis'is (N.F.), fluidextract of baptisia, or wild
are equal in size, unisex'ual f., one which has indigo; dose, iiris (i.o).
but one sexual element, either the male (stamens) f. belladon'nsB radi'cis (U.S.), fluidextract of
or the female (pistil), zygomor'phous f., an belladonna root, a liquid of a reddish brown color;
dose, TiPi-2 (0.06-0.13).
irregular f. which is divisible into similar halves
f. berber'idis (N.F.), fluidextract of berberis or bar-
by a vertical plane. berry; dose, nj2-S (o. 13-0. 3),
Flow'er's den'tal in'dex [Sir William Henry Flower, f. bordi (N.F.), fluidextract of boldo; alterative
English physician, 1S31-1899.] See umder index. and tonic in doses of HJs— 10 (0.3-0.6).
flow'ers. r. Flores. :£. The menstrual discharge. f. bu'chu (U.S.), fluidextract of buchu; dose, 3i—

3. A mineral substance in a powdery state after (2 . 0-4 o) largely diluted.

.

sublimation, f. of ben'zoin, benzoic acid, f- of f. bu'chu compos'itum (N.F.), compound fltdd-

extract of buchu; buchu, 62.5, juniper, uva ursi, and
sul'phur, sulphur sublimatum.
cubeb, each 12.5; employed in catarrh of the urinary
fluc'tuate. To move in waves, noting the motion tract in doses of Ti]j2o-4o (1.3-2.6).
of fluid in a cavity such as the abdomen. f. cal'ami (U.S.), fluidextract of calamus; dose,
fluctua'tion [L. Jiuctuaye, to flow in waves.] i. A TIBs-20 (0.3-1.3).
wave-like motion felt on palpating a cavity with f. calen'dulffl (N.F.), fluidextract of calendula;
non-rigid walls, like the abdomen, when contain- alterative and stimulant in doses of T1]J 1 0—20 (o 6-1 3) . .

ing fluid. 2. In the science of heredity any and externally for bruises and sprains.
variation which is not inherited. f. calum'bse (N.F.), fluidextract of calumba or
Colombo, a fluid of an orange-brown color; employed
Fluh'rer's probe [William Francis Fluhrer, New
as a bitter tonic with iron, as it contains no tannin, in
York physician, contemporary.] An aluminum doses of npio-6o (0.6-4.0).
probe employed in examining gunshot wounds f. cameriisB, fluidextract of camellia (tea); made
of the brain, being allowed to sink into the track from black tea, "Formosa oolong;" nerve stimulant
of the ball under the influence of gravity only. in doses of ith20—40 (1.3-2.6).
fluid [L. fiuidus.] i. Flowing, liquid, gaseous. 2. f. can'nabis (U.S.), fluidextract of cannabis or
Anon-solid substance, liquid or gas. amniot'ic f., Indian hemp; dose igii-i (0.03-0.06).
f, cap'sici (U.S.), fluidextract of capsicum or red
liquor amnii. cerebrospi'nal f., the f. contained
pepper, a fluid of brown-red color and hot burning
in the ventricles of the brain, the central canal
taste; dose, npi-2 (0.06-0.13).
of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space. f. cas'cars sagra'ds (U.S.), fluidextract of cascara
fluid-acet-extract. A fluidextract made with an sagrada, a dark reddish brown liquid of very bitter
acetic acid menstruum instead of alcohol. taste; dose, nRi5-30 (1.0-2.0).
fluidez'tract. Fluidextract tun. f. cas'caree sagraMs aromaficmn (U.S.), aromatic

fluidextrac'tum, gen. -fiuidextracU, pi. fiuidextracia fluidextract of cascara sagrada, prepared with the addi-
tion of licorice, benzosulphimde, oils of anise, cinna-
(flu"id-ek-strak'tum) [L. fiuidus, fluid, + ex-
mon, and coriander, and methyl salicylate by means
iractum, extract.] Fluidextract, a pharmacopeial
of which the bitter taste is covered; a dark reddish
prepar^on (termed exiractum Hquidum in the brown liquid of sweetish aromatic taste; dose, iTEis-30
B.P.) fcdnsisting of a concentrated solution in alco- (i .0-2 .0).
hol, or alcohol and water, of the vegetable princi- f . casta''neae (N.F.), fluidextract of chestnut leaves;
ples of a drug, of such strength that i c.c. of fluid- dose 3i (4.0).
f. cata'ris (N.F.), fluidextract of cataria or catnip;
extract represents in therapeutic value i gm. of the
dose, 5 1 (4.0).
crude drug; the exceptions to this rule are the
caulophyrii (N.F.) fluidextract of caulophyllimi,
f.
extracts of certain drugs which are standardized
antispasmodic and emmenagogue in doses of Tl)}5— 10
to a definite alkaloidal strength. There are (0.3-0.6).
eighty-five fluidextracts in the U.S. P. of 1900. f, chimaph'ilfls (N.F.), fluidextract of chimaphila or

[For the liquid extracts of the B.P. see imder pipsissewa, dose, ll]J3o-6o (2.0-4.0).
exiraciunt.] f. chionan'thi (N.F.), fluidextract of chionanthus. or
fringe-tree bark; dose, nji30 (2 .0),
f. aconi'ti (U.S.), fluidextract of aconite, used in f. chira'tflB (N.F.), fluidextract of chirata, a reddish

liniments; internal dose, njJJ-i (0.03-0.06). brown fluid of bitter taste; dose, TTPis-3o (1.0-2.0).
f. adon'idis (N.F.), fluidextract of adonis; cardiac f. cimicifugae (U.S.), fluidextract of cimicifuga, or

stimulant and diuretic in doses of ltJ}i-3 (0.06-0.2). black snakeroot, or black cohosh; dose, njis (i.o).
f. alefridiB (N.F.), fluidextract of aletris; emmen- t. cincho'ns (U.S.), fluidextract of cinchona, a liquid
agogue in doses of TH20-40 (1.3-2.6). of a reddish brown color; dose 1515 (i ,0).
f. angericae radi'ciB ^(N.F.), fluidextract of angelica f. cincho'nffi aquo'sum (N.F.), aqueous fluidextract
 i; . .

^UIDEXTRACTU^ 371 FLUIDEXTRACTUM

'f cinchona, made with hydrochloric acid, glycrine, f. gossyp'ii cor'ticis (N.F.), fluidextract of cottonroot
.Icohol, and water; dose, 15115 (i .0). bark; dose, 15130 (2.0),
f. co'cfle, fluidextract of coca or of erythroxylon f. grana'ti (U.S.), fluidextract of granatum or
Lose, 3^1 (2.0-4.0). pomegranate, a brownish green liquid of mildly
f. cocilla'nae (N.F.), fluidextract of cocillana. the astringent taste; dose, Tl)j2o-3o (1.3-2.0).
Iried bark of Guavea rusbyi; dose, iteis (i .0). f. grinde'liae (U.S.), fluidextract of grindelia, a
f .cof'feae (N.F.), fluidextract of coffee; brownish green liquid; dose 3i-i (2.0-4.0).
stimulant and
onic in doses of 11)120-40 (r .3-2 .6). f. guara'nse (U.S.), fluidextract of guarana, a reddish
f. col'chici cor'mi (N.F.), fluidextract of colchicum brown liquid of bitter astringent taste; dose, 3i-i
orm, formerly called colchicum root dose, 11^3 (0.2). ; (2.0-4.0),
f. col'chici sem'inis (U.S.), fluidextract
of colchi- , f. hamamel'idis foUo'rum (N.F.), fluidextract of
:um seed, each 100 c.c. should contain 0.5 gun. of hamamelis leaves, or of witch-hazel, a liquid of light
jolchiciue; dose, TIJJ2-5 (0.13-0.3).
brown color and bitter taste; dose, liBio-30 (0,6-2,0).
f . condurau'go (N.F.), fluidextract of
condurango, a f. helian'themi (N.F.) fluidextract of helianthemum,
,
!quid of a brown color; dose. 3i-2 (4.0-8.0).
frost-wort; astringent and alterative in doses of
f .coni'i (N.P.), fluidextract of conium or hemlock,
a 3 1 (4.0).
;quid of a reddish green color; dose, 11112-5 (o 13-0 .3). .

f helonia'dis (N.F.), fluidextract of helonias, or false

f. convalla'riae flo'nim (N.F.), fluidextract of con- .

rallaria flowers; diuretic and cardiac tonic in doses of unicorn; dose, tte30 (2.0).
IBs-io (0.3-0.6), f.hu'muli (N.F.), fluidextract of hops; tonic and
f. convalla'risB radi'cis (N.F.), fluidextract of con- nerve sedative in doses of n])2o-4o (1,3-2.6).
allaria or lily of the valley, prepared from the rhizome f, hydran'geae (N.F.), fluidextract of hydrangea or

r rootlets; dose, n!i4-8 (0.25-0.5). seven-barks; diuretic and antirheumatic in doses of

f. cop'tis (N.P.), fluidextract of coptis or gold- n]j2o-4o (1.3-2.6).
hread; stimulant and tonic in doses of n])2o-4o f. hydras' tis (U.S.), fluidextract of hydrastis or
1.3-2.6). golden seal, a liquid of dark yellowish brown color and
f. cor'ni (N.F.), fluidextract of comus or dogwood; bitter taste; dose, 15130 (2 .0).
LStringent and antiperiodic in doses of Tlj2o-4o (1.3- f.hyoscy'ami (U.S.), fluidextract of hyoscyamus
1.6). or henbane, a greenish brown liquid; dose, 1185-6
f coryd'alis
. (N.F.) fluidextract
, of corydalis, (0.3-0.4).
;urkey com; alterative and diuretic in doses of f. ipecacuan'hfe (U.S.), fluidextract of ipecacuanha
IB8-15 (0.5-1.0). or ipecac, a dark brownish red liquid of acrid taste;
f co'to, f. paracoto (N.F.).
. dose, as an expectorant, t5[I— 2 (0.06-0.13), as an
f. cube'bflB (U.S.), fluidextract of cubeb, a liquid of emetic, nj 1 0-30 (0 6-2 o) . .

Ldark green color; dose, III15-30 (1.0-2.0). f. ir'idis versicolo'ris (N.F.), fluidextract of blue flag;
f. cypripe'dii (U.S.), fluidextract of cypripedium or dose, njso (2 .0).
adies' slipper, a liquid of a reddish brown color; dose, f. jala'pEe (N.F.), fluidextract of jalap; hydragogue
iJJs-is (0.3-1.0), cathartic in doses of TFB10-20 (0.6—1.3).
t. damia'nee (N.F.), fluidextract of damiana; dose, f. juglan'dis (N.F.), fluidextract of juglans, butter-

1E30 (2.0). nut; alterative and antiperiodic in doses of 3i (4.0),

f. a liquid
digita'lis (U.S.), fluidextract of digitalis, f. junip'eri (N.F.), fluidextract of jumper; diaphor-

)f a brownish green color; dose, B)Ji— 2 (0.06-0.13). etic and diuretic in dose of 3 1 (4.0).
f . diosco'reae (N.F.), fluidextract of dioscorea or wild f. ka'vse (N.F.), fluidextract of kava or methysticum;

am root ; dose, 3 1 (4.0). alterative and anticatarrhal in doses of TIJ 1 0-2 o

•

f. dros'eiae (N.F.), fluidextract of drosera or sundew; (0,6-1.3). ,

Lose, 3 1 (40). f. ko'lse (N.F,), fluidextract of cola or sterculia; dose,

f. dulcama'rae (N.F.), fluidextract of dulcamara, or 51 (4.0).
littersweet; dose, 3i (4-o). f. krame'ri^e (N.F.), fluidextract of krameria or
f. echina'cese (N.F.), fluidextract of echinacea; dose, rhatany, a liquid of a dark reddish brown color and
lEiS (i.o). astringent taste; dose IIB20-40 (1,3—2.5).
f. ergo'tse ^U.S.), fluidextract of ergot, a liquid of f, lap'pse (N.F.), fluidextract of lappa or burdock;
eddish brown color; dose, 3§-2 (2.0-8,0). dose, TI]}3o-6o (2,0-4.0).
f. eriodic'tyi (U.S.), fluidextract of eriodictyon or f. leptan'dTGe (N.F.), fluidextract of leptandra, a
"erba santa, a liquid of dark greenish brown color; dose reddish brown liquid of a bitter disagreeable taste;
5i~i (2.0-4.0). dose, TlSro-eo (0.6-4.0).
f. eucalyp'ti (U.S.), fluidextract of eucalyptus; dose, f. lobe'lise (U.S.), fluidextract of lobelia or Indian
^30 (2.0). tobacco, a liquid of brownish green color and acrid
f. euon'ymi (N.F.), fluidextract of euonymus or taste; dose, W^S
(0.06-0.3).
rahoo, a brown liquid of bitter taste; dose, ni[8 (0.5), f.lupuli'ni (N.P.), fluidextract of lupulin, a brownish
speated with caution until the patient's tolerance is red liquid; dose Tl]}3o-6o (2.0-4.0).
scertained, f. mal'ti (N.F.), fluidextract of malt; tonic in dose
f. eupato'rii (U.S.), fluidextract of eupatorium or of 32 (8.0).
loneset, a liquid of a brownish color, dose, 3i— f. mati'co (N.F.), fluidextract of matico, a very dark
2.0-4.0), green liquid of bitter taste and aromatic odor; dose,
f. euphor'bi£e pilulif'erae (N.F.), fluidextract of lISio-60 (0.6-4.0).
uphorbia pilulifera, or pill-bearing spurge; dose, 15130 f. menyan'this, fluidextract of menyanthes, buck-
2.0). bean; alterative in doses of 15110-20 (o .6-1 .3).
f. fran'gulee (U.S.), fluidextract of frangula, or buck- f. meze'rei (N.F.), fluidextract of mezereum or
biom bark, a liquid of reddish brown color and bitterish mezereon, a green liquid of acrid taste; dose, njs- 10
iste; dose, he 10-30 (0,6-2.0). (0,3-0.6).
f. fu'ci (N.F.), fluidextract of fucus, bladder-wrack; f. nu'ciB Tom'icse (U.S.), fluidextract of nux vomica;
;as been recommended for obesity in doses of TI]j8-is dose, TI]Ji-s (0.06-0.3).
o.s-i.o). f. paraco'to (N.P.), fluidextract of paracoto, formerly

f. gale'gse (N.P.), fluidextract of galega, or European fluidextract of coto; astringent in doses of 1513-6
oat's rue; dose,3^ (4-o)- (0.2-0.4).
gelsem'ii (U.S.), fluidextract of gelsemium, a
f. t pare'irffl (N.F.), fluidextract of pareira, a brown
quid of reddish brown color; dose, irEi— i (o .03-0 .06). liquid of bitter taste; dose, 3 1-2 (4 0-8 o) . .

f. gentia'nse (U.S.), fluidextract of gentian; dose, f. petroseli'ni radi'cis (N.F), fluidextract of parsley

P10-30 (0.6-2.0). root; emmenagogue and diuretic in doses of 1^)20-40

gera'nii (N.F.) , fluidextract of geranium, a reddish-
f. (1,3-2.6).
rown liquid of astringent taste; dose, 5i-i (2.0-4.0). f. phytolac'cse (N.F.), fluidextract of Phytolacca or

glycyrrhi'zse (U.S.), fluidextract of glycyrrhiza or

f. pokeroot; dose, as an alterative, \^2-5 (0.13-0.3), as
corice, a yellowish brown liquid; dose, 3 1-2 (4.0- an emetic, TTUio-ao (0.6-2.0).
.0). f. pnocar'pi (U.S.), fluidextract of pilocarpus or
LUI DEXTRACTUM 372 FLUID OUNCE

jaborandi, a liquid of reddish green color; dose, TIIio-30 coriander and xanthoxylum berries, each 6.25;
(0.6-2 .0). alterative and resolvent in doses of TI520-40 (1.3-2.6).
f. podophyni (U.S), fluidextract of podophyllum f. Btramo'nU (N.F.), fluidextract of stramonium,
or may-apple, a dark reddish brown liquid dose, ; made from the leaves, a dark greenish brown fluid;
TTBs-20 (0.3-1.3). dose, TlJJi- 2 (0.06-0.13).
f, pru'ni virginia'nee (N.P.), fluidextract of wild sum'bul (U.S.), fluidextract of sumbul or musk-
f,

cherry, a dark brownish red liquid of the odor of root, a yellowish brown liquid with an odor of musk;
peach-kernels; dose, HI 15-30 (1.0-2.0). dose, n]!is-4S (1.0-3.0).
f. quas'siae (N.P.), fluidextract of quassia, a liquid f. tarax'ici (U.S.), fluidextract of taraxacum or
of yellowish brown color and bitter taste; dose, TTIis-30 dandelion root, a reddish brown liquid with a slightly
(i .0-2.0). bitter sweetish taste; dose, TIB30-60 (2.0-4.0).
f. quer'cus (N.F.), fluidextract of quercus or white- f . thu'jse (N.F.), fluidextract of thuya, or arbor vitae;
oak bark, a liquid of reddish brown color and astringent dose, 1TI130 (2 .0).
taste; dose, 1^15-30 (1.0-2.0). f. thy'mi (N.P.). fluidextract of thyme; dose, 3i
f. quilla'JEe(U.S.), fluidextract of quillaja or soap- (4-0).
bark, a brownish Uquid of acrid taste; dose, liPi-3 f. trifo'lii (N.F.), fluidextract of trifolium, or red
(0.06-0.2). clover; dose, ^i (4.0).
£.rham'ni cathar'ticEe (N.F), fluidextract of rhamnus f. tril'lii (N.F.), fluidextract of trillium, birthroot,
catharticus, or buckthorn berries; dose, ngiS (lo)* tonic expectorant in doses of TT]32o-40 (i 3—2 6). . .

f. rham'ni purshia'nEe, f. cascarse sagradas (U.S.). f. trit'ici(U.S.), fluidextract of triticum or couch-

f. rham'ni puTshia'nce aromat'icum, f. cascarse sag- grass,a brownish liquid of a sweetish taste; dose,
radse aromaticum (U.S.). 32-3 (8.0-12.0).
rhe'i (U.S.), fluidextract of rhubarb, a liquid of
f. f. tur'nerse, f. damianae (N.F.),
dark reddish brown color; dose, H]] 15-30 (1,0-2.0). f. urti'cae (N.F.), fluidextract of urtica or nettle;

rho'k gla'brse (N.F.) fluidextract of rhus glabra or

f. , astringent diuretic, in doses of Tl]!io-2o (0.6-1.3),
sumach berries, a deep red liquid of astringent, f. u'vae ur'si (U.S.), fluidextract of uva ursi, a
slightly acid taste; dose, 11515-30 (1.0-2.0). liquid of dark brown color and astringent bitter taste;
f. ro'sas (U.S.), fluidextract of rose, a liquid of deep dose, n]}3o-6o (2 .0-4.0).
rose- red color, slightly astringent taste, and an odor of f. valeria'nse (N.F.),fluidextract of valerian, a fluid

roses; dose, 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). of reddish brown color; dose, n]!3o-6o (2 0-4 o). . .

f. ru'bi (N.F.), fluidextract of rubus, or blackberry f. vera'tri vir'idis (U.S.), fluidextract of veratrum
bark, a dark brown liquid of astringent taste; dose, viride, orgreen hellebore; dose, 1511-2 (0.06—0.13).
3i— 2 (2 .0-8.0). f verbas'ci fo'lis (N.F.), fluidextract of verbascum
.

f. ru'micis (N.F.), fluidextract of rumex, or yellow or mullein leaves demulcent and anticatarrhal in dose
;

dock; dose, 3i (40). of 31 (4.0).

f . sa'bal (U.S.), fluidextract of sabal or saw palmetto; f. verbe'nse (N.F.), fluidextract of verbena, vervain;

dose, 1510-30 {0.6-2.0). tonic in doses of Tn!io-2o (0.6-1 .3).

f. sabi'nee, fluidextract of savine, a greenish brown f. vibur'ni op'uli (N.F.), fluidextract of viburnum

liquid, usually employed externally; internal dose, njs- opulus or crampbark, a reddish brown liquid of slightly
10 (0.3-0.6). astringent taste; dose, ^15-60 (1.0-4.0).
f. sanguina'ris (N.F.), fluidextract of sanguinaria or if. vibur'ni prunifo'Iii (U.S.), fluidextract of vibur-
bloodroot, a deep red liquid of acidulous acrid taste; num, prunifolium or black haw bark, a dark brownish
dose, iriii— 2 (0.06-0.13). red liquid, of astringent and bitterish taste; dose,
f. sarsaparil'lse (U.S.), fluidextract of sarsaparilla, TIP30-60 (2.0-4.0).
a dark brown liquid; dose, TIP30-60 (2.0—4.0). f. xanthox'yii (U.S.), fluidextract of xanthoxylum
f. sarsaparirise compos'itum (U.S.), compound , or prickly ash, a liquid of reddish brown color and acrid
fluidextract of sarsaparilla, made from sarsaparilla, taste; dose, TI]!3o-6o (2.0-4.0).
licorice, sassafras, and mezereon; dose, lil3o-6o f. ze'se (N.F.), fluidextract of zea oir comsilk;
(2.0-4.0). diuretic in dose of 3 1 (4 o) •
f. scil'ke (U.S.), fluidextract of squill, a liquid of f. zingib'eris (U.S.) fluidextract of ginger, a brown-
,

yellowish color and sour, bitter taste; dose, TTp2-3 ish red liquid of pungent spicy taste; dose, TiPs-20
(0.13-0.2). (0.3-1.3).
f. scopa'rii (N.F.), fluidextract of scoparius, or broom
tops; dose, iij[is (i .0).
fiuidglyceratum (flu"id-glis-er-a'tuin). Fluidglyce-
f. sca'polse, fluidextract of scopola; dose, 1T111-5
(0.06-0.3). rate, one of a class of pharmaceutical prepara-
f. scutella'rias CN.F.), fluidextract of Scutellaria or tions in the National Formulary, containing ap-
skullcap, a greenish brown liquid; dose, n]J3o-6o proximately 50 per cent, by volume of glycerin
(2.0-4.0). but no alcohol, and of the same drug strength
f . senecio'nis (N.F.), fluidextract of senecio, prepared as fiuidextracts. f. cas'carae sagra'dse (N.F.),
in a menstruum of one volume of water to two volumes fluidglycerate of cascara sagrada; dose tirio-20
of alcohol; dose, 3i (40).
(0.6-1.3). f- cas'carse sagra'dae aromat'icum
f. sen'egse (U.S.), fluidextract of senega, a dark
brown liquid of acrid taste; dose, TIB2-10 (0.13-0.6) (N.F.) aromatic fluidglycerate of cascara
,

f. sen'nse (U.S.), fluidextract of senna, a liquid of sagrada, flavored with licorice and the oils of
dark brown color; dose, 3^i
(2.0-4.0). fennel, clove, and cinnamon; dose, 11510-20
f. Berpenta'riee (N.F.), fluidextract of serpentaria or (q.6-1 .3). f. glycyrrhi'zre, fluidglycerate of lic-
snakeroot, a reddish brown liquid of bitter taste; dose, orice, employed as a flavor in doses of ttrso (2 .0).
ITB15-30 (1.0-2.0).
f. krame'rise (N.P.), fluidglycerate of krameria
f. sola'ni (N.P.), fluidextract of solanum, or horse-
or rhatany; dose, 11515 (i.o). f. rhe'i (N.F.)»
nettle berries; dose 3 1 (4.0).
f. spige'liee (U.S.), fluidextract of spigelia, a dark
fluidglycerate of rhubarb; dose, nj[io-20 (0.6-
brown liquid; dose, 3i-i (2.0-4.0). 1.3).
f. Btaphisa'griee (U.S.), fluidextract of staphisagria fluidism (fiu'JC-dizm) Humoralism. .

or stavesacre, a light greenish fluid; employedex- fluidounce (flu"id-owns'). A measure of capacity

ternally only as a parasiticide. containing eight fluidrams. The British fluid-
f. stercu'liEe, f. kolas (N.F.).
ounce is a measure containing one avoirdupois
f. stillin'gisB (U.S.) fluidextract of stillingia, a
,

ounce, 437.5 grains, of distilled water; the U.S.

reddish brown liquid with a pungent bitter taste;
dose, TFP15-30 (1.0-2.0).
fluidounce is -^j gallon and contains 456.033
f. BtUlin'gifiB compoB'itum (N.F.), compound fluid- grains of distilled water. The British fluidounce
extract of stillingia; made from stillingia and corydalis equals 28.4 c.c, the U.S. fluidounce equals 29.57
each 25, iris, sambucus, and chinophila each 12.5,
ELUIDRACHM, li^uiUKAM 373 FOERSTER'S SHIFTING TYPE

fluidrachm, fluidram (flu"i[-dram')- A measure of flush. I. To wash out a wound or a cavity with
capacity, J of a fltiidounce, a teaspoonful. The a full stream of water. 2. Blush; redness, usually
British fluidram contains 54.8 grains of distilled temporary, of the skin, hec'tic f., a redness of
water, and is equal to 3.55 c.c; the U.S. fluidram the face accompanying the rise of temperature
contains 57.1 grains of distilled water and equals in tuberculosis and certain other chronic affec-
3.70 c.c. tions.
fluke (flook) [A.S. fide, flatfish.] One of a number flutter (fiut'ur) [A.S. floiorian, to float about.] Agi-
of varieties of trematode worms, parasitic in the tation, tremi^lousness. auric'ular f., a condition
intestine, liver, lungs, kidneys, blood, and other inwhich the cardiac auricle, or atrium, contracts
regions of man and the lower animals blood f., very rapidly but rhythmically, thereby differing
Schistosomum htBmatobium. bron'chial f., from auricular fibrillation in which the contrac-
Paragonimus wesiermanni, Egyp'tian intes'tinal tions are irregular.
f., Cotylogonimus heterophyes. Japanese' liv'er flux [L. fluxus, a fiow.] i. The discharge of more or
f.,Opisthorchis sinensis, lan'cet f., Dicrocelium less fluid material in large amount from a cavity
lanceolatum. liv'er f., Fasciola hepatica. lung or surface of the body; a diarrhea. 2. Material
f ., Paragonimus wesiermanni discharged from the bowels. al'vine f., simple
flu'mina pilo'rum [L. pi. of fiumen, river; gen. pi. of diarrhea, blood'y f., dysentery. month'Iy f.,
pilus, hair.] [BNA] Hair streams, the curved the menses, seba'ceous f., steatorrhea, white i.,
lines along which the hairs are arranged on the sprue (2).
head and various parts of the body, especially fly [A.S. fledge.'] A
dipterous, or two-winged, insect
noticeable in the fetus. of the family Muscidm. black f., buffalo gnat, »
flu'or al'bus [L. white flow.] Leucorrhea. species of Simulium. blow f. see blow-fly.
fluorescein, fluoresceine (flu-or-es'se-in) Resor- house f., Musca domestica.
cinol-phthalein, made by heating resorcinol and fly-blister. A
cantharidal blister.
phthalic anhydride; an orange-red crystalline fo'cal. Relating to a focus, f. infec'tion, an in-
powder giving a bright green fluorescence in fection confined ordinarily to a distinct location,
solution; employed in the diagnosis of corneal such as t,^ tonsils or tooth-sockets, from which
lesions, the denuded parts taking a green color. at times microorganisms or their toxins escape
fluorescence (flu-or-es'ens) [/Zwor-spar, which pos- to infect other regions or the general system.
sesses this property.] The property of rendering Fochier's ab'scess (f5-shi-a') [Alphonse Fochier.
visible the ultraviolet or actinic rays of the spec- French gynecologist, 1845-1903.] Fixation ab-
trum or of becoming self-luminous when exposed scess. *
to the light or to other rays. focile (fo'sil-e) [L.from fusillus, a small spindle.]
fluorescin (flu-or-es'sin). Resorcinol-phthalin, a One of the bones of the forearm or leg. f.

derivative of fluorescein; a bright yellow powder ma'jus antibra'chii, ulna. f. ma'jus cru'ris,
employed, like fluorescein, in the diagnosis tibia, f. mi'nus antibra'chii, radius, f. mi'nus
of corneal lesions in applications of i drop of a cru'ris, fibula.
2 per cent, solution. fo'cus, pi foci [L. the hearth.] 1. The point at
flu'oride. Acompound of fluorine with another which the light rays meet after passing through a
element, cal'cium f., fluor-spar, so'dium f., convex lens, such as the crystalline lens of the
fluorol, see under sodium. eye -.a. The center, or the starting-point, of a
fluorine (flu'or-en). A
gaseous chemical element, disease process, con'jugate foci, two points in
symbol P, atomic weight, 19. relation to two lenses or concave mirrors, so in
fluoroform (flu-or'o-form). A
gas, CHF3, resem- relation to each other that the rays from a light at
bling chloroform somewhat, f. water, fluoro- one point are focussed at the other, and vice
formol. versa, prin'cipal f., the meeting-point of rays
fluorofor'mol. Fluoryl, fluoroform water, a 2.8 passing into a lens parallel to its axis, real f.,
per cent, solution of fluoroform, CHFj, in water, the point of meeting of convergent rays, vir'tual
a colorless, odorless, and practically tasteless f.,the point from which divergent rays seem to
fluid has been employed in tuberculosis in doses
; proceed, or that at which they would meet if
of g^dS.o). prolonged backward.
flu'oroL Sodium fluoride. foenic'ulum, gen. fcenic'uli [dim. of fanum, hay.]
fluorom'eter. A
device for interpreting the shadows (U.S.) Foeniculi fructus (Br.), fennel, fennel
in an a:-ray projection on the screen- fruit, fennel seed, the dried nearly ripe fruit of
fluoroscope (flu-or'o-skop) [fluorescence G. + Fosniculum. vulgare, an herb of southern Europe
skopeo, I examine. ] An apparatus for rendering and eastern Asia; diaphoretic, diuretic, and
visible the shadows of the x-rays which, after carminative, in doses of gr. 10—30 (0.6—2.0)
passing through the body examined, are pro- foenum grsecum (fe'num gre'kum) [L. fcenum., hay,
jected on a fluorescent screen of calcium tungs- grcecum, Greek.] Fenugreek, the dried ripe fruit
tate. of Trigonella fcenum-grcecum, an herb of southern
fluoroscopic (flu"or-o-skop'ik) . Relating to or Europe and western Asia employed externally as
;

effected by means of fluoroscopy. an emollient in ointment and poultice.

fluoroscopy (flu-or-os'ko-pl). Examination of the Foerster's opera'tion (fer'ster) [Otfried Foerster,
inner parts of the body by means of the fluoroscope. German neurologist, *i873.] A
modification of
fluorphen'etol. A
compound of fluorine with Dana's operation, resection of the posterior spinal
- nerve-roots in spastic paralysis.
phenetol.
fluorrheumin (flu-or-ru'min). An ointment con- Foerster's shift'ing type (fer'ster) [R Foerster,
taining I per cent- each of fluarphenetol and ophthalmologist of Breslau, 1825-1902.] A
difluordiphenyl in lanolin, employed in rheuma- limitation of the primary normal visual field; an
tism and grippal neuralgia. object brought gradually from without toward
flu'or-spar [L. fluor, a flowing.] Calcium fluoride, the fixed point is seen sooner than normal,
a mineral, found often in silver and cobalt mines, whereas the perception of one moved from the
it is phosphorescent when heated, and is often center toward the periphery is lost sooner than
fluorescent and beautifully tinted. normal; the visual field is therefore greater in the
 ,

FOERSTER'S SHIFTING TYPE 374 FONTANEL, FONTANELLE

firstcase than in the second, which is the reverse of the stomach; (2) one of the tubular glands of
of the normal; the phenomenon occurs in neuras- the stomach secreting the gastric juice, hair f.,
thenia. F.'s photom'eter, an instrument for foUiculus pili. intes'tjnal f., Lieberkuehn's f.,
measuring the visual power by determining the one of the numerous tubular glands in the
least amount of light that will render an object mucous membrane of the intestine, glandula*
visible to the person tested. intestinalis. lentic'ular f., gastric f. (i). seba'-
foe'tus. An incorrect spelUng of fetus. ceous f., glandula sebacea, one of the sebaceous
fogg'ing. Dimness of vision, nephalopia. glands of the skin opening into the hair-follicles.
fold (fold). Plica, a ridge; a margin apparently soritaiy f,, one of a number of isolated masses of
formed by the doubling back of a lamina. For lymphoid cells in the intestinal wall.
the various folds, not here deimed, see plica. foUiclis (fol-e-klSs') [Fr.] Sebaceous folliculitis, an
gen'ital f ., one of two integumentary folds on either eruption resembling acne agminata, located on
side of the genital tubercle in the embryo, from the extremities.
which are developed the labia minora or the follic'ular. Relating to a follicle or follicles.
walls of the urethra in the male, hypoblas'tic f., follic'ulin. One of the internal secretions of the
a folding over of the hypoblast giving origin to ovary which, with lutein and ovulin, constitutes
the notochord neu'ral f., one of the upgrowths the hormone oophorin.
of ectoderm forming the neural canal, oper-' folliculitis (f6-lik-u-li'(le')tis). An infiammation of
cular f., tissue forming an adhesion between the any follicles, specifically of the sebaceous follicles,
tonsil and the anterior pillar of the fauces. foUiclis,acne agminata. ag'minate f., hyper-
rec'tal f., rectal valve, plica* transversalis recti trophic ringworm, granuloma* trichophyticum.
[BNA]. rectoves'ical f., excavatio rectovesicalis f. f. decal'vans [L- decalvare, to
barTjffi, sycosis
[BNA]. ventric'ular f., false vocal cord, plica* makebald], alopecia follioularis.
ventricularis [BNA]. vestig'ial f., ligamentum foUiculo'ma. A
cystic enlargement of a (Sraafian
venEB cavae sinistra. follicle.

f o'lia. Plural of folium folliculo'sis. The presence of lymph-follicles in

foliaceous (fo-li-a'shus) [L. foliacens.\ Relating abnormally great niunbers.
to or resembling a leaf or leaves. foUiculus, pi. follic'uU (f8-lik'u-lus) \L. dim. of
Fo'lian proc'ess [Csecilius Folius or Folli- Venetian follis, bag.] Follicle, f. oSph'orus prima'rius,

anatomist, 1615-1630.] Processus anterior mallei. a spherical body consisting of a single layer
fo'liar gap. In ferns, one of the meshes in the of flattened cuboid cells, surrounding the un-
vascular network of the stem, from the margin of developed ovum in the cortex of the ovary; it
which a branch bundle passes out to the leaf. may become later a Graafian follicle, f.
foliate papillx (fo'U-at p3,-pil'e). Papillee vallatae oSph'orus vesiculo'sus [BNA], Graafian follicle,
[BNA]. a spherical body or vesicle, containing the
toUe (fii-le') [Fr. from L. follis, bellows.] Insanity. matiu"ed ovum, in the cortex of the ovary, f.
f. k deux (&-dg') [Fr. deux^ two], imposed insanity, pill [BNA], hair-follicle, a deep, narrow pit,
insanity affecting two individuals who are or formed by an invagination of the epidermis
have been intimately associated, f. du doute and corium; it contains the root of the hair
(doot), doubting mania, f. de pourquoi (poor- and into it the ducts of the sebaceous glands
kwS') [Fr. pourquoi, why], the constant asking open; the follicle is lined by a fibrous .sheath
(by an adult) of questions, a symptom noted some- derived from the corium, and by the outer and
times in the psychasthemic. f, gfimellaire (zha- inner root-sheaths derived from the epidermis,
mel-air') [Fr. relating to twins], a psychosis ap- f. solita'rius, solitary follicle, nodulus* lym-
pearing simultaneously, or nearly so, in twins, phaticus solitarius.
who are not necessarily living together or inti- fomenta'tion [L. fomentare, to apply a poultice.]
mately associated at the time. f. musculaire', i. A
warm application, poultice, stupe. 2. The
severe chorea, f. raisonnante (ra-zfi-nahnt') application of warmth and moisture in the
delusional insanity, paranoia. treatment of disease, poulticing.
Fol'in's test [Otto K. 0. Folin, American biological fo'mes, pi. fo'mites [L. tinder.] A
substance, such
chemist, bom in Sweden, *i867.] i. A quanti- as clothing, capable of absorbing and transmit-
tative test for uric acid; the uric acid is precipi- ting the contagium of disease; usually employed
tated with ammonia, forming ammonium urate; in the plural.
it is then oxidized with potassium permanganate, fontactoscope (fon-tak'to-sk5p). An electroscope
and the amoimt is measured. •^. A quantitative for estimating the radioactivity of waters and
test for urea; the urea is decomposed by boiling
with magnesium chloride, and the freed ammonia Fontana's canal' (fon-tah'nah) [Felice Fontana,
is measured. Italian anatomist 1730—1805.] Canal of Schlemm
fo'lium, pi. fo'lia [L. a leaf.] A
broad, thin, leaf- or of Lauth, sinus* venosus scleras. F.'s mark,
like structure, f. cacu'minis [L. cacumen, tip, a transverse fold seen on a nerve-tnmk where
end], f. vermis [BNA]. f. ver'mis [BNA], f. it has been cut. F.'s spa'ces, spatia anguli
cacuminis, the posterior subdivision of the iridis.
superior vermis of the cerebellum. fontanel, fontanelle (fon-tan-el') [Fr. dim. of fon-
follicle (f ol'I-kl) [L. folliculus."] j. . A simple tubular taine, fountain, spring.] Membranous intervals at
gland. 2. A
crypt or minute cul-de-sac or lacuna, the angles of the cranial bones in the infant.
such as the depression in the skin from which the There are normally six, corresponding to the pter-
hair emerges. 3. A
minute circumscribed mass of ion and asterion, on either side, and to the bregpia
lymphoid cells in the mucous membrane. 4. and lambda, in the middle line, in the adult, an-
One of the vesicular bodies in the ovary, contain- te'rior f., frontal f. anterolat'eral f., sphenoidal f.
ing the ova. Graafian follicle. 5. In botany, a bregmat'ic f., frontal f. Cas'ser's f., Casse'rio's
dry pod-like fruit, splitting by the ventral suture. f., mastoid f. front'al f., anterior f., bregmatic f.,

den'tal f., the dental sac with its contents, the a diamond-shaped membranous interval at the
embryonic tooth gas'tric f., (i) one of the crossing of the coronal and the sagittal and
masses of lymphoid cells in the mucous membrane metopic sutures, where the anterior superior
 ;;,

FONTANEL, FONTANELLE 37S FORAMEN

angles of the parietal bones meet the two un- of, sympodia. gout, podagra, having long, longipe-
date. having short, brevipedate. inflammation, pod-
miited halves of the frontal. Gerdy's f., sagittal arthritis, large size, macropodia, megalopodia. lower
f. mas'toid f., posterolateral f., an interval on surface, sole, planta, thenar, pedion. pain in, podalgia,
either side between the adjacent margins of the pododynia, e^thromelalgia, causalgia, metatarsal^,
parietal, occipital, and mastoid portion of the pedialgia, pedionalgia, pedioneuralgia. perforatmg
ulcer, dermosynovitis. rheumatism, podarthritis.
temporal bones, occip'ital f., posterior f., a slender, leptopodia. small size, micropodia. spasm,
triangxilar interval at the imion of the lambdoid podospasm, podospasmus, podismus. thick, pachy-
and sagittal sutures, where the posterior superior podia. ulcer, podeicoma, dermosynovitis. upper sur-
face, dorsum, mstep.
angles of the parietal bones meet the occipital.
poste'rior f., occipital f. posterolat'eral f,, mas- foot-and-mouth disease'. See under disease.
toid f. sag'ittal f., an occasional fontanel-like foot-bone. Os
pedis, coffin* bone in the horse.
defect in the sagittal suture in the newborn. foot-cells. Sertoli's* cells.
sphenoid'al f., anterolateral f., an irregularly- foot-phenom'enon. Ankle clonus.*
shaped interval on either side, where the frontal, foot-plate. The base of the stapes, an ossicle of the
parietal, squamous portion of the temporal, and tympanum.
greater wing of the sphenoid bones meet. foot-pound. The energy or force necessary to
fontic'ulus [L, dim. of fons^ fountain, spring.] raise a weight of i pound to a height of i foot.
Fontanel. foot-rot, A contagious disease, in sheep, charac-
food [A.S. fdda.l Aliment, nourishment, what is terized by chronic inflammation of the foot,
'
eaten to supply the necessary nutritive elements. ulceration, softening of the hoof, discharge of
chemical f., synipus phosphatum compositus a fetid odor, and lameness.
(N.F.). foramen, pi. foramina (fo-ra'men, fo-ram'i-nah)
abstinence from, fasting, dieting, nestia, nestis, abrosia, [L. an aperture.] An aperture or perforation
desire for, appetite, hunger, distaste for, anorexia, through a bone or a membranous structure.
sitiophobia, fastidium cibi. excessive appetite for. See also foramina.
bulimia, cynorexia, hyperorexia, polyphagia, acoria,
fatty, hydrocarbon, nitrogenous, protein, poisoning.
ante'rior con'dyloid f., hypoglossal canal [BNA] of
bromatotoxism, allantiasis, botulism (sausage) tyrotox-
,

ism (milk, ice-cream, cheese) creatotoxism (meat)

,
the occipital bone, giving passage to the hypoglossal
ichthyotoxism (fish), mytilotoxism (mussels), ostreo- nerve and occasionally a meningeal branch of the
toxism (oysters), collotoxism (clams), mycetism, ascending pharyngeal artery.
muscarinism (mushrooms), saccharine, carbohydrate. aor'tic f., hiatus aorticus, the posterior opening in
starchy, carbohydrate, treatment by abstinence from, the diaphragm through which the aorta passes.
hunger cure, starvation cure, nestiatria, limotherapy, ap'ical f., the opening at the apex of the root of a
nestitherapy, treatment by an excess of, superalimen-
todth which gives passage to the nerve and blood-
tation, suralimentation, gavage.
vessels.
food-fe'ver. A disorder of childhood consisting of arach'noid f., f. of Magendie.
con' jugate f ., a f formed by the notches of two bones
a sudden of temperature accompanied by
.
rise
in apposition.
more or less marked digestive disturbances, ezter'nal au'ditory f., external auditory meatus.
continued for a few days to several weeks f. alveola're, one of the foramina* alveolaria.
believed to be due to intestinal autointoxication. E. csecum, blind foramen; (i) [BNA], a foramen in

food-pois'oning. Poisoning by tainted food, the suture between the forepart of the ethmoid bone
or by some substance naturally poisonous, such and the frontal, sometimes transmitting a small vein
as some mushrooms sitotoxism, bromatotoxism
;
from the nose to the longitudinal sinus; (2) [BNA], the
upper termination of the anterior median fissure of the
forms of f.-p. are botulism, mycotoxism, mytilo- medulla oblongata where it meets the transvere
toxism, ptomainotoxism, tyrotoxism. groove between the medulla and the pons; (3)
foot (A.S. fot] 1. Pes, the lower, pedal, extremity [BNA], the opening of the ductus* lingualis at the apex
of the leg. 2. A
tmit of length, containing 12 of the sulcus* terminalis on the dorsum of the tongue;
inches, equal to 30.48 cm. arch of the f., the (4) a small pit on the posterior wall of the pharynx in
hollow on the inner part of the sole in the meta- the middle line.
f. carof icum, carotid foramen, the opening at
tarsal region, ball of the f., the padded portion
each extremity of the carotid canal in the petrous
of the sole at the anterior extremity of the meta-
portion of the temporal bone; the external carotid
tarsus, upon which the weight rests when the heel is foramen is on the inferior surface of the pyramid,
raised, claw f ., atrophy of the foot with contrac- the internal is at the apex.
tures of the toes, cleft f ., a congenital deformity f, costotransversa'rium [BNA], costotransverse f., an
in which the division between the toes, especially opening between the anterior and posterior costotrans-
the third and fourth, extends more or less into verse ligaments, connecting the neck of a rib with the
transverse process of a vertebra, through which passes
the metatarsal region, club f., talipes, pes con-
the intercostal branch of the spinal nerve.
tortus. dang'le f., drop-foot, a dragging of the
f. diaphrag'matis (sel'lse) [BNA], a hole in the center
f. in walking in consequence of paralysis of of the diaphragm of the sella giving passage to the
the anterior leg muscles, flat f., see Jlat, fun'- infundibulum.
gous f., mycetoma, holl'ow f., pes cavus. f. epiplo'icum [BNA], f. of Winslow, the passage,
Madu'ra f., mycetoma.Mor'ton*s f meta-, below and behind the portal fissure of the liver, con-
moss'y a chronic disease charac- necting the two sacs of the peritoneum.
tarsalgia. f.,
f. ethmoida'le [BNA], ethmoidal foramen, one of two
terized by a thick growth of vascular painful
foramina,/, e. ante'rius and/, e. poste'rius, formed by
warts on the feet; it is said to be common along grooves on either edge of the ethmoidal notch of the
the Amazon, reel f., club-foot, roof of the f., frontal bone, and completed by similar grooves on the
tarsus, sole of the f., planta. ethmoid bone; the anterior transmits the internal
branch of the nasal nerve and the anterior ethmoidal
absence, apodia. amputations of, Chopart's, Hey's. vessels, the posterior the posterior ethmoidal vessels.
Lisfranc's, Mackenzie's, Pirogoff's, Syme's. animal
fronta'Ie [BNA], frontal foramen; the incisura
with four, quadruped, animal with two, biped, bath f.

for, pediluvium. burning pain, causalgia, eiythro- frontalis, or supraorbital notch, when, as occasionally
melalgia. ciUosity on, com, clavus. care of, pedicure, happens, it is bridged over to form a canal.
chiropody, club, talipes, pes con tortus, condition of f. incisi'vum [BNA], incisive or incisor f., f. of Sten-
having but one, monopodia, sj^npodia. dropsy, pod- son; a Y-shaped canal at the anterior part of the inter-
edema, fetid perspiration, podobromidrosis, bromidro- maxillary suture, having one opening below just behind
sis pedum, flat, pes planus, tarsoptosia. fungou^ Ppd-
arthrocace, podeicoma, mycetoma, Madura foot, fusion the central incisor teeth, and two above, one on either
FORAMEN 376 FORAMINA

side of the incisor crest; the upper arms contain the sacra'le, one of the foramina* sacralia.
f,
remains of Jacobson's organs. singula're [BNA], a foramen in the internal audi-
f.

f. infra orbita'le [BNA], infraorbital foramen; the tory meatus, behind the area cochlearis, which trans-
external opening of the infraorbital canal, on the mits the nerves to the saccule,
anterior surface of the body of the maxilla. f. sphenopalati'num (i) f. palatinum majus; (2)

t. interventricula're [BNA], i-terventricular f., f. of [BNA], the foramen formed from the sphenopalatine
incisure of the palate bone when closed in by articula*
Monroe, a communication between, the third and the
tion with the under surface of the sphenoid bone.
lateral ventricles on either side, passing from the upper
f spino'sum [BNA], an opening in the great wing of
and anterior part of thel ateral wall of the third ven- .

the sphenoid bone, transmitting the middle meningeal

tricle outward and upward between the anterior pillars
artery.
of the fornix and the anterior tubercles of the thalami.
f. supraorbita'le, supraorbital foramen, the supra-
f. intervertebra'lCjOneof anumber of openings into
orbital groove when, as is not infrequent, it is bridged
the spinal canal bounded by the pedicles of adjoining
over and converted into a canal.
vertebrse above and below, the vertebral bodies
f. thyreoid'eum (i) [BNA], an opening occasionally
anteriorly, and the articular processes behind.
existing in one or both of the plates of the thyroid car-
t. ischiad'icum, one of two foramina, /. *. majus and
f. obturatum.
tilage; (2)
/. i. minus, formed by the great and small sacrosciatic
^ansversa'rium [BNA], transverse, costotrans-
f,
ligaments crossing the sciatic notches in the innominate
verse, or vertebrarterial foramen; the foramen in the
bone.
transverse process of a cervical vertebra for the pas-
f. jugula're [BNA], f. lacerum posterius.
sage of the vertebral artery and vein and sympathetic
f. lac'erum [BNA], lacerated f., f. lacerum medium.
nerve plexus.
f. lac'erum. an e'rius, fissura orbitalis superior
f, ve'nffl ca'vflB [BNA], f. quadratum, an opening in
[BNA].
the right lobe of the central tendon of the diaphragm
f. lac'erum. xne'dium* an irregular aperture between
which transmits the inferior vena cava and branches of
the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone
the right phrenic nerve.
and the body of the sphenoid, transmitting the carotid one of the foramina* venanmi
f. ve'nfie znin'imee,
artery and its veins, the large superficial petrosal
minima rum.
nerve, and sympathetic filaments.
f. vertebra'le, (i) f. transversarium (2) [BNA], the
f. lac'erum poster' ius, jugular* foramen. ;

foramen formed by the union of the vertebral arch with

f. mag'num, f. occipitale magnum [BNA].
the body.
f. mandibula're [BNA], mandibular f., inferior
f. zygomat*icofacia'le [BNA], zygomaticofacial f.,
dental f.; the opening, on the inner surface of the
malar f., the opening, on the outer surface of the
ramus of the mandible, of the inferior dental canal.
malar bone beneath the orbital margin, of the malar
f, mastoid' eum [BNA], mastoid foMimen; an opening
canal transmitting the ramus subcutaneus malae.
at the posterior portion of the mastoid process, trans-
f. zygomat"icoorbita'le [BNA], zygomatico-orbital
mitting a small artery to the dura and a vein to the
f ., the common opening on the orbital surface of the
lateral sinus.
malar bone of the malar and the temporomalar canals;
£, menta'le [BNA], mental foramen; the anterior
sometimes these canals have each a separate opening on
opening of the inferior dental canal on the body of the
the orbital surface.
mandible external to and above the mental tubercle.
f. zygomat"icotempora'le [BNA], zygomatico-
f. nervo'sum, one of the foramina* nervosa.
temporal f., the opening, on the temporal surface of the
f. nutric'ium [BNA], nutrient f., the opening through
malar bone, of the temporomalar canal, transmitting
which the nutrient artery passes into the medullary
the temporal branch of the orbital nerve.
cavity of a bone.
inter'nal au'ditory f., porus acusticus intemus, the
f. obtura'tum [BNA], obturator or thyroid f., a large,
opening of the internal auditory meatus on the pos-
oval or irregularly triangular aperture in the lower part
terior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal
of the innominate bone, the margins of which are
bone.
formed by the pubis above and in front and the ischium
ma'Iar f., f. zygoma ticofaciale.
below and behind; it is closed in the natural state by
olfac'tory f., one of the openings in the cribriform
the obturator or thyroid membrane, except for a small
plate of the ethmoid bone, transmitting the olfactory
opening for the passage of the obturator vessels and
nerves.
nerve.
poste'rior con'dyloid f,, condyloid canal [BNA]of the
f, occipita'le mag'num [BNA], the large oval opening
occipital bone, giving passage to a vein emptying into
in the occipital bone giving passage to the lower part of
the transverse (lateral) sinus.
the medulla oblongata, the two vertebral arteries and
stylomas'toid f., an opening on the inferior surface
spinal accessory nerves, and the blood-vessels of the
of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, between
upper portion of the spinal meninges.
the styloid and mastoid processes; it transmits the
f. of Magen'die, median aperture of the fourth
facial nerve and stylomastoid artery.
ventricle, an opening in the roof communicating with
vertebrarte'rial f., f. transversarium.
the subarachnoid space.
f. of Wins'low, f, epiploicum [BNA],
f. op'ticum [BNA], the opening at the back of the foramina (fo-ram'i-nah). Plural of foramen, f. al-
orbit, giving passage to the optic nerve and ophthalmic veola' ria^ alveolar foramina, openings of the poste-
vessels.
rior dental canals on the posteroexternal surface of
f. ova'le [BNA], (i) the opening in the fetal heart
between the two auricles, or atria; (2) a large open- the body of the maxilla, f nasa'lia, vascular fora-
.

ing in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, behind mina opening on the outer surface of each nasal
the f. rotundum, transmitting the third portion of the bone, f, nervo'sa [BNA], habenula perforata, the
trigeminal nerve, and the small meningeal artery. perforations along the tympanic lip of the lamina
£. palati'num raa'jus [BNA], larger palatine f.; the spiralis giving passage to the cochlear nerves.
opening near the posteroexternal angle of the palate f. palati'na xnino'ra [BNA], smaller palatine
bone of the pterygopalatine canal.
foramina, external accessory palatine canals,
f. palati'num mi'nus, one of the foramina* pala-
tina minora,
passing vertically through the tuberosity of
f. palati'num poste'rius, an opening at the posterior
the palate bone and transmitting the smaller
angle of the hard palate on either side for the trans- palatine nerves and vessels, f papiUa'ria re'nis
.

mission of the great descending palatine nerve and the [BNA], numerous minute openings, the apertures
posterior palatine vessels. of the secreting tubules, in the summit of each
f . parieta'le [BNA], parietal foramen, a foramen near renal papilla, f. sacra'lia [BNA], the openings
the upper border.postcriorly, of the parietal bone; it
between the fused sacral vertebras transmitting
transmits a minute artery and vein.
the sacral nerves, f. vena'rum minima'rum
f. quadra'tum, f. venso cavee [BNA].

f. rotun'dum, an opening in the great wmg Oj. the

[BNA], foramina of the smallest veins, The-
sphenoid bone, transmitting the maxillary nerve. besian foramina, a number of fosste in the wall of
 ; .

FORAMINA 377 FORCIPATE

the right auricle, or atrium, containing the forceps see cut under Knapp. spec'ulum f ., a
;

openings of minute veins. slender forceps for use through a speculum, a

Foraminifera [L. foramen, aperture, + ferre, to form of tubular f. tenac'ulum f., f. with jaws
carry.] A subclass of Rhizopoda having anasto- armed each with a sharp, straight hook like a
mosing pseudopodia which form a network around
the cell which somietimes develops into a cal-
careous shell.
foraminif'erous. i. Having openings or foramina.

2. Relating to the Foraminifera.

foraminulum (fo-r§.-min'u-lum) [L. dim. of fora-
men.] A foramen, especially a very minute
foramen, f. caroticotympan'icum, canaliculus
caroticot3rmpanicus. f. luna'tum, apertura
lateralis ventriculi quarti.
Forbes' amputa'tion. Amputation through the
anterior part of the foot, disarticulating the
three cuneiform bones from the scaphoid
and sawing through the cuboid.
Forbes' emul'sion of oil of tur'pentine [John Forbes,
English physician, r787— 1861.] Emulsum olei
terebinthinae fortior (N.F.).
force [L. fortis, strong.] Po"wer, strength; that
which tends to produce motion in a body, an'i-
mal f., muscular power, nerve f., ner'vous f., the
power in nerve-tissue of conduction of stimuli.
energy residing in the organism or
reserve' f ., the
any of parts above that required for its normal
its
functioning
forced foot (f orst f 66t) An acute painful swelling of
.

the metatarsus due to fracture of the fourth

metatarsal bone occixrring in soldiers during
forced marches.
for'ceps, pi. for'cipes [L. a pair of tongs.] i. An

instrument for seizing anything and making com-

pression or traction. ^. Bands of white fibers in

the brain, f. major and f. minor- ar'tery f., a

locking f with sloping blades for grasping the end
.

of an artery while a ligature is being applied.

ax'is-trac'tion f., obstetrical f- provided with a
second handle so attached that traction can be
made in the line in which the head must move
bone f., a. strong f. used for seizing, and tearing
away fragments of bone, bullet f., f. with thin
curved blades with serrated grasping surface,
used for extracting a bullet from the tissues.
cap'sule f., a fine, strong forceps used for re-
Forceps: i, Thumb forceps; 2, Listen's mouse-tootlied
meving the capsule of the lens in membranous artery forceps; 3, hemostatic forceps; 4, dressing for-
cataract. Cham'berlen f., the first obstetrical f. ceps; s, lion-jaw bone-holding forceps (osteophore) 6, ;

see cut under Chamberlen. dental f., forceps for tenaculum forceps.
extracting teeth, dressing f., a f. for general
use in dressing wounds, removing fragments of tenaculum, thumb f., spring forceps used by
necrosed tissue, small foreign bodies, etc. f. compression with thumb and forefinger, tra-
ante'rior, f. minor, f. ma'jor, pars occipitalis cho'ma f., roller f tu'bular f., a long slender for-
.

[BNA], occipital part, of the radiation of the ceps intended for use through a cannula or other
corpus callosum, that part of the bundle of fibers tubular instrument, vulsell'a f., vulsell'um f., f
forming the radiation of the corpus callosum
which bends sharply backward into the occipital
lobe o the cerebrum, f. mi'nor, pars frontalis
[BNA], frontal part, of the radiation of the corpus
callosum, that part of the bundle of fibers forming
the radiation of the corpus callosum which bends
forward toward the frontal lobe of the cerebrum.
f. poste'rior, f. major, hemostat'ic f., f. with a
catch for locking the blades, used for seizing the
cut end of an artery to control hemorrhage Alligator Forceps.
mouse-tooth f., f. with one or two fine points at
with vulsellum hooks at the tip of each blade;
the tip of each blade, fitting into hollows between
see cut under vulsella.
the points on the opposite blade, obstet'rical f.,
traction on the Forchheimer's sign (for'shi-mur) [Frederick Forch-
f. used for grasping and making

fetal head in cases of dystocia; see cuts (p. 378)

heimer, Cincinnati physician, 1853—1913.) The
and also cut under Chamberlen. roller f., a small presence, in German ineasles, of a reddish
forceps the blades of which are formed of rollers,
maculo-papular eruption on the soft palate.
for'cipate [L. forceps(Jorcip-), tongs, forceps.]
'
employed to express trachomatous granulations
Shaped like a forceps.
on the palpebral conjunctiva, Knapp's trachoma
FORCIPRESSURE 378 FORMAN

forcipressure (£or"si-presh'flr). A method of arrest- platinum; antiseptic and disinfectant, solu'tion

ing hemorrhage by compressing the artery with of f., formalin.
forceps. fonnal'dehyde-gel'atin. Glutoform.
For'dyce's disease' [John Addison Fordyce, New York for'malin. Liquor formaldehydi (U.S.), a 37 per
dermatologist, *i858.] Pseudocolloid of the lips, cent, solution of formaldehyde.
a condition marked by the presence of numerous,
small, yellowish white bodies or granules on the
inner surface and vermilion border of the lips,
thought to be due to hypertrophy of the sebaceous
glands of the parts.
forearm (for'arm). The segment of the
upper extremity between the elbow
and the wrist; cubitus, antibrachium
[BNA].
forebrain (for'bran). The anterior divi-
sion of the brain, prosencephalon.
fore -conscious (for-kon'shus). Noting
memories, not at present in the con-
sciousness, which can be evoked from
time to time; or an unconscious mental
process which becomes conscious only
on the fulfilment of certain conditions.
fore'finger. The seeond or index finger.
fore'gut. Protogaster, the first portion of
the primitive digestive tube in the em-
bryo, forming the pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, and small intestine to and
including a part of the ileum and also
the liver, pancreas, and lungs.
forehead (for'ed). The brow; the part of
the face between the eyebrows and the
hairy scalp frons, metopon.
;

fore'kidney. Pronephron.
Forel's' bod'y [Auguste Forel, Swiss
neurologist, *i848.] Luys' body,
nucleus hypothalamicus [BNA], F.'s Bullet
com'missure, white fibers uniting Fokceps
Luys' body with its fellow of the
opposite side across the posterior prefrontal
space. F.'s decussa'tion, the ventral portion
of the fountain decussation.
fore'milk. Colostrum.
foren'sic [L. forensis, relating to the forum or
' market-place.] Relating to courts or legal pro-
cedures, f. med'icine, legal medicine, medical

jurisprudence; medical science in its relation to

the law, especially to the determination of ques-
tions arising during a trial in court.
fore'skin. Prseputium, prepuce, acroposthion.
forestomach (for'stum-ak). Antrum cardiacum
[BNA], peripheral dilatation of the esophagus
just above the cardiac opening.
fore'waters. Hydrorrhea gravidarum.
Forges-les-Eaux, Prance (forzh-la-zo'). Chalyb-
eate waters. Cold, about 42° F. Three springs.
Used by drinking and bathing in anemia, chloro-
sis,dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea and dysentery,
neuroses, convalescence from acute disease,
disorders of the urinary organs, and diseases of
women. June i to October i.
Forlanini's meth'od (for-lah-ne'ne) [Carlo For- Obstetrical Forceps: A, Hodge's; B, Simpson's;
lanini, Italian physician, 1847-1918.]
C, axis-traction.
Treat-
ment of pulmonary tuberculosis by the establish- f or'malith. A preparation of clay or diatomaceous
ment of an artificial pneumothorax. earth impregnated with formalin.
FoT'mad's kid'ney [Henry F. Fortnad, American foimamide (for'mS-mid). Methansunide, prepared
physician, bom in Russia, 1847-1892.] An from ethyl formate by the action of ammonia; a
enlarged and somewhat misshapen kidney, often colorless liquid combined with chloral to form
associated with chronic alcoholism. chloralamide.
for'mal. Methylal. for'mamint. Trade name of a mixture of formal-
formaldehyde, formaldehydum (for-mal'de-hid, for- dehyde and milk-sugar, recommended in the treat-
mal-de-hi'dum). Formic aldehyde, methyl alde- ment of infectious pharyngitis and stomatitis.
hyde, a pungent gas, CHjO, obtained by passing for'man. Chlormethylmenthyl ester, C,oH„0.-
a vapor of methyl alcohol and air over heated CHjCl, a clear oily liquid obtained by the action
 .;

FORMAN 379 FORREST'S FEVER

of hydrochloric acid and formaldehyde on men- posi'tion f., a, chemical f. showing the reactions

thol; has been employed by inhalation in the occurring in the splitting up of a compound.
treatment of respiratory affections. den'tal f., see under dental, elec'trical f., a
fonnanilide (for-man'I-lid). Phenylformamide; a graphic representation by means of symbols
derivative of acetanilide ; employed as an anal- of the reaction of a muscle to an electrical
gesic and antipyretic in doses of gr. ij-v (o. 13-0.3), stimulus, empir'ical f., in chemistry, a. f. indi-
and as a local anesthetic in 3 per cent, solution. cating the kind and number of atoms in the
for'mate. A salt of formic acid. molecules of a substance, or its composition,
foimatio (for-ma'shyo) [L. from formare, to form.] but not the relation of the atoms to each other
A formation, a structure of definite shape or ar- or the intimate structure of the molecule, i.e. its
rangement, f. al'ba, the mesal portion of the f constitution, glyp'tic f. [G. glypios, carved],
reticularis, in which the white fibers preponderate. structural f graph'ic f ., in chemistry, a f show-
. .

f. gris'ea, the lateral portion of the f reticularis in

. ing the relations of all the atoms, thus indicating
which the gray matter preponderates, f . reticu- fully the constitution of a substance, magistral
la'ris, reticular formation, substantia reticularis f. (maj'is-tral), a prescription for preparing an
(i) a number of small groups of ganglion cells, in- extemporaneous* mixture, molec'ular f., one
terspersed with nerve-fibers, to the outer side of which indicates definitely the number of atoms of
the several nuclei in the tegmentum of the pe- each element composing the molecule, official
dunculus cerebri; (2) a network of gray matter f. (of-fish'al), a f. contained in the pharmacopeia.
enclosing small islands of white matter (as seen on ra'tional f., in chemistry, a f. which indicates
cross section) in the angle between the anterior and more or less completely the constitution as well
posterior gray columns or horns of the spinal cord. as the composition of a substance, stereochem'-
for'matiTe [L. formare, to form.] i. Relating to ical f., structural f. struc'tural f., one in which
the process of development. 2. Forming, pro- the relative positions of the atoms and groups of
ducing, originating. atoms, as well as their kind and number, are
forme fniste (form frust) [Fr. from L frustra, with- indicated; graphic f. typ'ical i., in chemistry,
out effect.] An aborted fojm of a disease, one that a f. constructed after that of one of the three
is arrested before completing its typical course. types, hydrogen, water, and ammonia, and indi-
fonnes'ton. Aluminum acetoformate, a dusting cating partially the constitution of a substance.
powder similar to eston and subeston. ver'tebral f ., see under vertebral.
for'mic [L. formica, ant.] Relating to ants. f. formulary (for'mu-la-il). A
collection of formulas
acid, acidum formicicum or formicum, a colorless for the compounding
of medicinal preparations.
irritant fluid, HCHOj, present in the red ant, National Formulary, a collection of formulas, is-
'
Formica sufa, and some other insects, in various sued by the American Pharmaceutical Association,
animal secretions, and in the stinging hairs of the for the compounding of a number of preparations
nettle employed locally as a counterirritant, and,
; in more or less common use but not officially rec-
diluted, in the treatment of rheumatic pains and ognized by the U.S. Pharmacopeia.
in the prevention of bedsores; internally it has for'myl. The hypothetical radical, CHO, of formic
been given as a diffusible stimulant in doses of acid. f. teri'odide,' iodoform.
iri[2o—40 (1.3—2.5) of the spiritus formicarum Fornet's reac'tion (for-na') [Julius Fornet, Strass-
(P.G.) f. al'dehyde, formaldehyde, f. e'ther, burg physician, nineteenth centtiry.] The dem-
ethyl formate, a thin, colorless liquid, inducing onstration of precipitinogens, especially in
anesthesia when inhaled. syphilis.
fonnica'tion [L. formica, ant.] form of pares- A for'nicate. i. [L. fornix, an arch.] Vaulted,
thesia in which there is a sensation as of ants arched. 2. [L. fornix, a, brothel.] To have
running over the skin. illicit sexual intercourse.

for'micin. Formaldehyde acetamide, a colorless, for'nicoiumn. The anterior pillar of the cerebral
syrupy liquid, antiseptic and disinfectant in fornix.
to s per cent, solutions.
I fomicommissure (for-nl-kom'is-ur). The commis-
for'midin. Methylene disalicylic acid iodide; a sure or body of the cerebral fornix.
reddish-yellow powder employed as a substitute for'nix, gen. for^nicis [L. arch, vault.] i. paired A
for iodoform. structure of the brain, made up chiefly of longi-
.for'min. Hexamethylenamine. tudinally directed white fibers, lying beneath
for'misol. Trade name of an alcoholic soap solution the corpus callosum and just above the tela
containing formaldehyde. chorioidea of the third ventricle; the striae of the
foi'mitrol. Trade name of a mixture of formalde- two sides are fused in the middle portion to form
hyde, menthol, citric acid, and milk-sugar, the triangular body which is also adherent to
recommended in infectious stomatitis and the corpus callosum above; the paired portion
pharyngitis. anterior to the body is called the columna (an-
for'mol. Formalin, liquor* formaldehydi. terior pillar), the posterior paired portion the
for'mol-Mueller flu'id (mii'ler). Muller's solution crus (posterior pillar). 2. A
vault-like space.
containing 2 per cent, of commercial formalin. f. conjuncti'vse [BNA], the space formed by the

fonnopyrine (for-mo-pi'ren). Methylene dianti- junction of the bulbar and palpebral portions of
f. pharyn'gis [BNA], vault of
pyrine, a crystalline substance decomposable by the conjunctiva,
heat into formaldehyde and antipyrine, and em- the pharynx, the upper end of the nasopharynx
ployed in therapeutics to produce the antiseptic Roofed over by the posterior wall arching
and antipyretic effects of these two constituents. forward to join the borders of the posterior
formula (for'mu-lah) [L. dim. of forma, form.] i. nares. f. u'teri, one of the two spaces, anterior

A
recipe or prescription containing directions for and posterior, between the cervix uteri and the
the compounding of a medicinal preparation. 2. vaginal wall. f. vagi'nn [BNA], the recess at
In chemistry a. symbol or collection of symbols the fundus of the vagina in front of (/. anter-
expressing the number of atoms of the element or ior) or behind (/. posterior) the cervix uteri.
elements forming one molecule of a substance. transverse' f.^ commissura hippocampi.
constitu'tional f., structural or graphic f. decom- For'rest's fe'ver. A fever occurring in Rangoon,
 , .

FORREST'S FEVER 380 FOSSA

two weeks with a parabolic

lasting three days to f. one of three hollows (f. anterior, f. mediar
cra'nii,

temperature curve reaching a maximum of 104°, and /. on the upper surface of the base of the
posterior)
skull which lodge the cerebrum (anterior and middle
Fort Craw'f ord Min'eral Well, Wisconsin. Alkaline-
f osseb) and the cerebellum (posterior fossa)
muriated and sulphated-saline waters. Used by
f. digas'trica [BNA], digastric fossa, a hollow on the
drinking and bathing for the antacid, diuretic,
posterior surface of the base of the mandible, on either
laxative, and tonic affects in various disorders. side of the symphysis, giving attachment to the
fortifica'tion-spec'trum. Teichopsia, scintillating anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
scotoma.** f. duc'tus veno'si [BNA], fissure on the under surface
fortoin (for'to-in). Methylenedicotoin, cotoin for- of the liver posteriorly, between the Spigelian, or caud-
maldehyde, CH2(*-'n-^ii04)3; made by the action ate, and the left lobes, lodging a fibrous band, the
of formaldehyde on cotoin, occurring as yellow remains of the ductus venosus of the fetus.
acicular crystals; has been recommended in the f. duodena''lis infe'rior, a peritoneal recess extend-

treatment of diarrhea in doses of gr. 2-5 (o. 13- ing downward for a distance of an inch to an inch and
a half alongside the lower and external part of the
0-3)- ascending portion of the duodenum.
A B f duodena'lis supe'rior, a peritoneal recess extending
.

upward a short distance alongside the upper and ex-

ternal part of the ascending portion of the duodenum.
f. duodenojejunalis, Jonnesco's* fossa.
f . glan'dulae lacrima'Us [BNA], fossa of the lacrymal
gland, lacrymal fossa; a hollow in the orbital plate of
the frontal bone, formed by the overhanging margin
and external angular process, lodging the lacrymal
gland.
f. hyaloid'ea [BNA],
hyaloid f., patellar f., a
depression on the ante-
rior surface of the vitre-

Fossa Duodenalis: A, Inferior* B, superior.

ous body in which lies
(Landouzy andjayle.) the crystalline lens.
f. hypophys'eos [BNA],

fos'sa, gen, and pi. fosscB [L. a trench or ditch. hypophyseal fossa, pitu-
itary fossa of the sphe-
1. A
depression usually more or less longitudinal
noid bone.
in shape, below the level of the surface of a part. f. ili'aca, iliac f., the
2. In dentistry, the concave lingual surface of an smooth inner surface of
incisor or canine tooth, or the depression in the the ilium above the Fossa Intermesocolica
grinding (occlusal) surface of a premolar or iliopectineal line, giving Transversa. (Landouzy
molar. attachment to the and Jayle.)
iliacus muscle.
amyg'daloid f., the hollow between the pillars of the f ili'^acosubfascia'lis, a depression on the inner sur-
.

fauces, containing the tonsil, on either side. face of the abdomen between the psoas muscle and
ax'illary f., the armpit; the hollow beneath the the crest of the ilium.
shoulder. f. iliopectin'ea [BNA], a hollow between the iliopsoas
cru'ral f., fovea femoralis. and pectineus muscles in the center of Scarpa's tri-
cu'bital f., bend of the elbow, chelidon. angle, lodging the femoral vessels and nerve.
fern' oral f., fovea femoralis. f, infraclavicula'riSt trigonum deltoideopectorale.
floc'cular f., f. subarcuata, f. infraduodena'lis, a peritoneal recess sometimes
f. acetaVuli [BNA], a roughened area in the floor of found extending laterally a distance of J—J inch below
the acetabulum, by the cotyloid notch. the third portion of the duodenum.
f. anthel'icis [BNA], f. of the antihelix, f. triangu- £. infraspina'ta [BNA], the hollow on the dorsal
laris. aspect of the scapula below the spine, giving attach-
f. axiUa'ris [BNA], axillary f., the armpit, the hollow ment chiefly to the infraspinatus muscle.
beneath the shoulder. f. infratempora'lis [BNA], infratemporal or zygo-
f cani'na [ B N A ]
. matic fossa, the cavity on the side of the skull
canine fossa; a depress- bounded externally by the zygoma and ramus of the
ion on the anterior sur- mandible, internally by the external pterygoid plate,
face of the maxilla, anteriorly by the zygomatic process of the maxilla,
below the infraorbital posteriorly by the tuberculum articulare of the tem-
foramen, the site of poral bone and the posterior border of the external
origin of the levator pterygoid plate, and above by the squama of the
anguU oris muscle. temporal bone and the pterygoid ridge on the greater
f. carot'ica [BNA], a wing of the sphenoid bone.
space bounded by the f. inguina'lis, fovea inguinalis.
infrahyoid muscles, an- f. innomina'ta, a shallow depression between the
terior border of the false vocal cord and the arytenoepiglottic fold on either
sternocleido mastoid , side.
posterior belly of the i. intercondyloid'ea [BNA], intercondyloid or inter-
digastric, and lateral condylic f., one of two irregular V-shaped hollows,
wall of the pharynx; con- Fossa Infraduodenalis. anterior and posterior, on the upper part of the shaft
taining the common {Landouzy and Jayle.) of the tibia between the condyles.
carotid artery, internal f. intermesocolica transver'sa, a fossa occupying the

jugular vein, and vagus nerve. position of the f. duodenjejunalis, extending trans-
f . cer'ebri latera'lis [BNA], lateral f of the brain, f of
. . versely from right to left for about the length of a
Sylvius, a depressed area on the lateral surface of each finger,
cerebral hemisphere, in the fetus, at the bottom of f. interpeduncula'ris [BNA], interpeduncular f., f. of
which is the insula; it is closed in later by the growth Tarini, a depression on the inferior surface of the
of the operculum, the approximation of the divisions mesencephalon, in the angle between the two cerebral
of which forms the fissure of Sylvius. peduncles, the floor of which is formed by the poste-
f. corono'id'ea [BNA], the coronoid fossa, a hollow rior perforated substance.
on the anterior surface of the lower end of the humerus, f . jugula'ris, jugular fossa ( i) [B N A], an oval
;

just above the trochlea, in which the coronoid process depression near the posterior border of the petrous por-
of the ulna rests when the elbow is flexed. tion of the temporal bone, to the inner side of the sty-
 ,

FOSSA 381 FOSSA

loid process, in which lies the beginning of the internal f. retromandibula'ris [BNA], the depression beneath
jugular vein; (2) the hollow above the sternal notch. the auricle behind the angle of the jaw.
mandibula'ris [BNA], mandibular fossa, glenoid
f. f. rhomboid'ea [BNA], rhomboid fossa, the floor of
fossa or cavity, a deep hollow in the squamous portion the fourth ventricle of the brain, formed by the dorsal
of the temporal bone at the root of the zygoma, in surfaces of the medulla and pons Varolii.
which rests the condyle of the inferior maxilla, forming f. sac'ci lacrima'lis, fossa of thelacrymalsac; a fossa
the temporomaxillary or temporomandibular joint. formed by the lacrymal grooves of the lacrymal bone
f. masto'id'ea, mastoid fossa, a depression on the and of the frontal process of the superior maxilla, lodg-
mastoid portion of the temporal bone, behind the ing the lacrymal sac.
suprameatal spine; its floor is marked by numerous
f . sagitta'lis dex'tra, the combined f . vesicas feller in
small openings for blood-vessels. front, and f. veme cavae behind, separated by the pro-
f. mesenter^icoparieta'lis, f. parajejunalis.
cessus caudatus.
f. navicula'ris ure'thrae [BNA], f. of Morgagni, the the combined f. venas umbil-
f . sagitta'lis sinis'tra,
terminal dilated portiouofthe urethra in the glans icalis, in front, and
ductus venosi, behind.
f.
penis. f. scaphold'ea, (i) scapha [BNA]; (2) a hollow on the
f . navicula'ris ves posterior surface of the internal plate of the pterygoid
tib'uli vagi'nse process; it gives origin to the tensor palati muscle.
[BNA], the portion f. Scar'pEB ma'jor
of the vestibule of [BNA], Scarpa's tri-
the vagina between angle, trigonum* fem-
the fourchette and orale.
the posterior com- f. subarcua'ta [BNA],
missure of the vulva. subarcuate fossa, floc-
f.olec'raiii[BNA]. cular fossa, an irregular
olecranon fossa, a depression on the poste-
hollow on the back rior surface of the
of the lower end of petrous portion of the
the humerus, just temporal bone, above
above the trochlea, and a little external to
in which the ole- the porus acusticus in-
cranon process of the Fossa Paraduodenalis. ternus; it is most dis-
ulna rests when the {Landouzy and Jayle.) tinct in the infant's
elbow is extended, skull; it lodges a process
f, (1) [BNA], saphenous opening in the
ova'lte of the dura mater,
thigh, just below Poupart's ligament, giving passage f. subinguina'lis
to the great (internal) saphenous vein; (2) a shallow [BNA], the depression
depression in the left wall of the right atrium (auricle) on the anterior surface Fossa Retroduodenalis.
of the heart marking the site ofthe fetal foramen of the thigh beneath the
{Landouzy and Jayle.)
ovale. groin.
f.paraduodena'liSy a fossa in the peritoneum to the f. sublingua'lis, fovea sublingualis.
left of the terminal portion of the duodenum, on the f . Bubmaxilla'ris, fovea submaxillaris.
inner side of a ridge caused by the inferior mesenteric i, subscapula'ris, [BNA], the concave ventral aspect
vein, and above a special fold in the peritoneum in (facies costalis) of the body of the scapula, giving at-
that region. tachment to the subscapularis muscle.
i. parajejuna'Us, f mesentericoparietalis, a peritoneal
. f. supraclaricula'ris ma'jor [BNA], the greater
fossa which has been seen in a few cases in which the supraclavicular fossa, the depressed area on the side of
jejunum has no free the neck above the clavicle.
mesentery but is at- f, supraclavicula'ris mi'nor, Zang's space, triangular

tached to the posterior space between the two heads of origin of the sterno-
parietal peritoneum; the cleidomastoid muscle.
fossa begins at the point f. supramastold'ea, a small fossa at the junction of

where the mesentery the posterior and superior margins of the external
ends, and is seen on rais- auditory canal.
ing up the knuckle of f. supraspina'ta [BNA], the hollow on the dorsal
free intestine. aspect of the scapula above the spine, lodging the supra-
f. patella'ris, patellar spinatus muscle.
f., f. hyaloidea [BNA]. f. supratonsilla'ris [BNA], the interval between the

f. petro'sa, petrosal f'., anterior and posterior pillars of the fauces above the
fossula petrosa [BNA]. tonsil.
f. poplit'ea [BNA], the f. tempora'lis [BNA],
hollow at the back of the temporal fossa, the space
knee. on the side of the cran-
f. provesica'lis. Hart ium bounded by the
mann's* pouch. temporal lines and ter-
£. pterygoXd'ea minating below at the
[BNA], pterygoid fossa, level of the zygomatic
formed by the diverg- arch.
ence posteriorly of the f. triangula'ris auric'-

plates of the pterygoid Fossa Para jejunalis ulffl [BNA], triangular

i :

process of the sphenoid f. of the auricle the de-

Fourth portion of the
bone; it lodges the in- duodenum 2 first part ; ,
pression at' the upper
ternal pterygoid and the of tlae jejunum deprived part of the auricle be-
tensor palati muscles. of mesentery. (Landouzy tween the two crura of possA Venosa. (Landouzy
f. pterygo palati'na and Jayle.) the antihelix. and Jayle.)
[BNA], a small depres- f. trochanter'ica
sion between the front of the root of the pterygoid [BNA], trochanteric f., digital f., a depression at the
process of the sphenoid bone and thebackof the maxilla. root of the neck of the femur beneath the curved tip
f, radia'lis [BNA], radial fossa, a shallow depression
of the great trochanter; it jjives insertion to the tendon
above the capitellum of the humerus in front, in which of the obturator externus.
the margin of the head of the radius rests when the f, trochlea'ris fovea trochlearis [BNA].
elbow is in extreme flexion. f. ve'nsBca'vfie[BNA], a groove on the lower surface
f. retro duodena'lis, a peritoneal fossa sometimes of the liver, between the Spigelian and right lobes, in
present below and behind the third portion of the which lies the inferior vena cava,
duodenum, between it and the aorta. f. ve'nae umbilica'lis [BNA], umbilical fissure of the
FOSSA 382 FOVEA

liver, a depression on the under surface anteriorly nier, Paris syphilographer, 1832-1914.] Ful-
between the quadrate and left lobes, lodging the round minating gangrene of the genitals. F.'s sign,
ligament, or remains of the umbilical vein of the fetus. the sharp limitation of a syphilitic skin lesion as
f. veno'sa, a peritoneal fossa apparently formed by
contrasted with the numerous small islets of
the union of the inferior and superior duodenal fossse;
situated usually at the duodenojejunal angle, the
disease found outlying an eczematous patch.
it is
opening being bounded by a fold of the descending fourth disease (forth diz-ez'). See under disease.
mesocolon around the superior mesenteric vein. f, nerve, nervus* trochlearis.
f. vesi'cee teVleab [BNA], a depression on the under fovea (fo've-ah) \L. a pit.] A cup-shaped depression
surface of the liver anteriorly, between the quadrate or pit. f. ante'rior, a slight hollow in the floor of
and the right lobes, lodging the gall-bladder. the fourth ventricle. f. cap'itis fem'oris [BNA],
Grue'ber-Land'zert f., see Grueher* Landzeri.
pit of the head of the femur, a depression on the
Jonnes'co's f., f. duodenojejunalis, see Jonnesco,
Land'zert's f., see Landzert. extremity of the head of the femur where is
pitu'itary f., f. hypophyseos [BNA], of the sphenoid attached the ligamentum «teres. f. cardi'aca,

bone, in which rests the pituitary body. the opening of the foregut posteriorly into the
Syl'vian f., f. cerebri lateralis. general archenteric space in the embryo, f.
Treitz's f., see Treilz. centra'lis ret'inte [BNA], central pit, a central
u'rachal f., prevesical space, an interval between depression in the macula lutea of the retina.
the rectus abdominins muscle and the transversalis
f. costa'lis infe'rior [BNA], costal pit, demifacet
fascia just above the symphysis pubis.
Wal'deyer's f., see Waldeyer. on the lower edge of the body of a vertebra
articulating with the headof a rib. f. costa'lis

fossette (f6-set') [Pr. dim. ot fosse, a. ditch.] i. A supe'rior [BNA], a demifacet on the upper edge
small fossa. 2. A small but deep corneal ulcer. of the body of a vertebra articulating with the
f os'sula [L. dim. of fossa, ditch.] i A fossette, a.
. head of a rib; a single rib articulates with the
small fossa. 2. A minor fissure or slight de- f. c. inferior and f. c superior of the adjacent
pression on the surface of the cerebrum. £. vertebrae, f. costa'lis transversa'lis [BNA],
fenes'trsB coch'leae [BNA], little fossa of the costal pit of the transverse process, a facet on the
fenestra of the cochlea; a depression on the inner transverse process of a vertebra for articulation
wall of the tympanum at the bottom of which is with the tubercle of a rib. f. den'tis atlan'tis,

the fenestra rotunda or cochlear window. a circular facet on the posterior (inner) surface of
f. fenes'trae vestib'uli [BNA], little fossa of the the anterior arch of the atlas which articulates
fenestra of the vestibule, a depression on the with the odontoid process, or dens, of the axis or
inner wall of the tympanum at the bottom of epistropheus, f. eUip'tica, recessus elUpticus
which is the fenestra ovalis or vestibular win- [BNA]. f. femoTa'lis [BNA], femoral or crural

dow, [f petro'sa [B NA], petrosal fossa, a, small

. fossa, a depression on the peritoneal surface of
and often but faintly marked depression on the the abdominal wall, below Poupart's ligament,
inferior surface of the petrous portion of the corresponding to the situation of the femoral
temporal bone, between the jugular fossa and ring. f. hemiellip'tica, hemielliptical pit, reces-

the external carotid foramen; here opens the sus ellipticus [BNA]. f. hemisphse'rica, hemi-

canaliculus tympanicus transmitting the tym- spherical pit, recessus sph^ricus [BNA]. f.

panic nerve. infe'rior, a triangular area on either side of the

foss'ulate. Containing a fossula or small fossa; rhomboidal fossa below the striee medullares.
grooved, hollowed out. £. inguina'lis inter'na, f. supravesicalis. f.

Foth' erglU's disease' [John Foifte/'gtU, English physi- inguina'lis latera'lis [BNA], external inguinal
cian, 1712-1780.] I. Tic douloureux. 2. Scar- fossa, a depression on the peritoneal surface of
latina anginosa. F.'s neural'gia, F.'s disease (i). the anterior abdominal wall external to the ridge
foudroyant (foo-droy'ant) [Fr. foudroyer, to strike formed by the deep epigastric artery; it cor-
by lightning. ] Occurring with great suddenness responds to the position of the internal abdomi-
and violence, fulminant. nal ring. f. inguina'lis media'lis [BNA],
foulage (foo-lazh') [Fr. impression.] Kneading middle inguinal fossa, a depression on the peri-
and pressure of the muscles, constituting a form toneal surface of the anterior abdominal wall
of massage. between the ridges formed by the deep epi-
founder (f own'dur) .Laminitis in the horse, chest gastric and the obliterated hypogastric arteries.
f., stiffness and atrophy of the muscles of the f. oblon'ga cartilag'inis arytsnoid'ese [BNA], a

chest and shoulders in the horse, often due to the broad shallow depression on the external sur-
unnatural gait resulting from navicular disease '
face of the arytenoid cartilage, separated from
or laminitis. the f triangularis above by the crista arcuata.
.

foun'tain-decussa'tion. Decussatio fontinalis. f. pterygoid'ea [BNA], pterygoid pit; a depression

Foun'tain Park Magnet'ic Springs, Ohio. Muri- on the inner side of the neck of the condyloid
ated-saline-alkaline-calcic waters. Five flowing process of the lower jaw, giving attachment to
wells. Used by drinking and bathing in rheu- the external pterygoid muscle, f. sphffi'rica,
matism, gout, diabetes, and dyspepsia. recessus sphaericus [BNA]. f. sublingua'lis
foun'tain-syr'inge. An apparatus consisting of [BNA], sublingual pit; a shallow depression on
ii reservoir for holding fluid,
, to the bottom of either side of the mental spine, on the inner
which is attached a tube armed with a suitable surface of the body of the mandible, lodging the
nozzle; used for vaginal or rectal injections, sublingual gland, f. submaxilla'ris [BNA],
irrigating wounds, etc., the force of the flow submaxillary pit, submaxillary fossa; a hollow
being regulated by the height of the reservoir below the mylohyoid ridge, on the inner surface
above the point of discharge. of the body of the mandible, lodging the sub-
fourchette (foor-shef) [Fr. fork.] Frenulum labio- maxillary gland, f. supe'rior [BNA], a slight
rum pudendi, a crescentic fold of mucous mem- depression on either side of the rhomboidal
brane a little in front of the posterior commissure fossa, above the strias medullares, corresponding
of the vulva from which it is separated by the to the dorsal surface of the pons. f. supra-
fossa navicularis. vesica'lis [BNA], fovea inguinalis interna,
Fournier's disease' (foor-ne-a') [Jean Alfred Four- internal inguinal fossa, a depression on the perit-
FOVEA 383 FRACTURE

oneal surface of the anterior abdomicial wall fox-glove. Digitalis.

between the ridges formed by the obliterated Fox'ia. A genus of fungi identified as the cause of
epigastric artery and the urachus. f. triangu- tinea nigra.
lar'is cartilag'inis arytaenoid'ee [BNA], a deep fractional (frak'shun-al) [L. fractus; frangere, to
depression in the upper portion of the external break.] Relating to a fraction; done a part at a
or anterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage, time or in successive stages, f. cultiva'tion, f.
separated from the f. oblonga below by a distilla'tion, see the nouns.
ridge, the crista arcuata. i. trochlea'ris fracture (frak'tiir) [L. fractura, a break.] i. To
[BNA], trochlear pit; a shallow depression break. 2. A
break, especially the breaking of a
on the orbital plate of the frontal bone, just bone or cartilage, artic'tdar f., one involving the
within the margin and midway between the joint surface of a bone. Bar'ton's f., Benn'et's f.,
internal angular process and the supraorbital etc., see the proper names, bent f., green-stick f.
notch. butt'erfly f ., a comminuted fracture in which there
{oveate, foreated (fo've-at, fo've-a-ted). Pitted,
having foveae or depressions on the surface.
foveation (fo-ve-a'shun) [L. fovea, a pit.] Pitting,
such as occurs in smallpox, chickenpox, or vac-
cina.
foveola (fo-ve'o-lah) [L. dim. of fovea pit.] A
mi-
nute fovea or pit. f. coccyge'a [BNA], a depres-
sion over the coccyx, f. gas'trica [BNA], one of
the numerous small pits in the mucous mem-
brane of the stomach at the bottom of which are
the mouths of the gastric glands, f. granula'-
ris [BNA], graniilar pit, one of the Pacchionian
depressions or pits on the inner surface of the
skull, along the course of the superior longitudi-
nal sinus, in which are lodged the Pacchionian
bodies, or granulationes* arachnoideales. f.

papilla'ris, the minute depression sometimes

seen at the apex of a papilla of the kidney where
the excretory tubes open into a calyx.
Foville's tract (fo-vel') [Achille Louis Foville, French Fractures: Incomplete; transverse; 3, oblique
j. 2,
neurologist, 1799-1878.] Flechsig's tract, fas- 4, fissured; 5, green-stick.
ciculus* cerebeilospinalis. F.'s syn'drome or
are two doubly wedge-shaped lateral fragments
type, alternating hemiplegia; abducens paralysis
split off, one from each of the main fragments.
on one side, paralysis of the extremities on the
butt'onhole f., perforation of a bone with loss of
other.
substance, as in a gunshot wound, cap'illary f.,
a f. without separation of the fragments, the line
of break being hair-like, as seen sometimes in the
skull, chauffeur's' f., a fracture of the lower
end of the radius caused by a blow from the
crank handle of an automobile, suddenly re-
volving when a back fire occurs during cranking,
comm'inuted f., periclasis, the bone is broken into
a number of small pieces, compos'ite f ., multiple
f. com'pound f., one in which there is an open
wound of the soft parts leading down to the
seat of fracture, depressed' f., a f. of the skull
with sinking in-frard of the fragments, direct'
f., a f., especially of the skull, occurring at the
point of injury, doub'le f., the occurrence of
two fractures in different bones at the same time,
or in two parts of the same bone, epiphys'eal f.,
separation of the epiphysis of a long bone, caused
by traumatism, extracap'sular f., a f. at the
Fowler's Position. articular extremity of a bone, but outside of the
line of attachment of the capsular ligament of
Fow'ler's opera'tion [George Ryerson Fowler, New the joint, fis'sured f., linear f. green-stick f.,
York surgeon, 1848-1906.] Pleurectomy, re- the bending of a bone with incomplete fracture
moval of the thickened pleura for the cure of involving the convex side of the curve only,
empyema. F.'s posi'tion, an inclined position gutt'er f ., a long, narrow, depressed fracture of the
obtained by raising the head of the bed from 2 to skull, hair f., trichismus. hick'ory-stick f.,
2J feet in order to ensure better drainage after green-stick f. impac'ted f., one in which one of
an abdominal operation. the fragments is driven into the cancellar tissue of
Fow'ler's solu'tion [Thomas Fowler, English physi- the other fragment, incomplete f ., one in which
cian, 1736-1801.] Liquor potassii arsenitis. the line of fracture does not include the entire
Fow'ler-Mur'phy meth'od [George R. Fowler; John bone, indirect' f., a f., especially of the skull,
B. Murphy, Chicago surgeon, 1857-1916.] Treat- which occurs at some point more or less distant
ment of diffuse suppurative peritonitis by eleva- from the seat of injury. intra-artic'ular f.,
tion of the head of the bed so as to favor drainage articular f. intracap'sular f., one at the articidar
by a tube passed through an incision in the right extremity of a bone within the line of insertion
iliac fossa, and by continuous irrigation of the of the capsular ligament of the joint, intraperios'-
rectum with a physiological salt solution. teal f ., a f in which the periosteum is not ruptured.
.
FRACTURE 384 FRANZ JOSEPH

intrau'terine f., fetal f., a f. of one oi- more bones ium [h- gen. pi. of os, bone], brittleness of the
of a fetus occurring before birth, lin'ear f., a bones, a pathological condition in which the bones
fracture running parallel with the long axis of the break readily, f. san'guinis, fragility* of the
bone, longitu'dinal f., one involving the bone in blood.
the line of its axis, mul'tiple f., a f. of several fragility (fra,-jil'i-tO [L. fragilitas.] Brittleness,
bones occurring simultaneously or one involving liability to break or disintegrate; see fragilitas.
several different parts of the same bone, oblique' f. of the blood, increased susceptibility of the
f., one the line of which runs obliquely to the axis blood cells to break down when the proportion
of the bone, o'pen f., compound f par'tial f.,
. of the saline content of the fluid is altered.
incomplete i. per'forating f., button-hole f. fragmenta'tion. A
breaking up into fragments or
rad'ish f ., one which is trans- small parts.
verse at the surface but not fraise (fraze) [Fr. strawberry.] An instrument in
inside, the fracture looking the shape of a hemispherical button with cutting
like the broken surface of a edges, used to enlarge a trephine opening in the
radish, sec'ondary f., one skull or to cut osteoplastic flaps; the smooth
occurring as a consequence convexity of the button prevents injury to the
of necrosis or some other dura.
disease of the bone, silver- frambe'sia, framboe'sia [Fr. framboise, raspberry.]
fork f., a Colics'* f. of the Yaws.
wrist in which the deformity Fran'cis's tri'plex pill [John Wakefield Francis,
has the appearance of a fork American physician, 1789-1861.] Pilula triplex,
in profile, sim'ple f., an Francis (N.F.).
uncomplicated, not com- francis'cea. Manaca, brunfelsia, the dried root and
pound f. f., one in
spi'ral stem of Brunfelsia hopeana (Franciscea uniflora) ;

which the break runs Impacted Fracture.

line of employed in the treatment of rheumatism and of
obliquely up one side of syphilis, in doses of nEio-40 (0.6-2.6) of a fluid-
the bone, splin'tered f ., a comminuted f in which . extract.
the fragments are long and sharp-pointed. Francke's sign (frahng'keh) [Karl Ernst Hugo
sponta'neous f., one occurring without any ex- Theodor Francke, German physician, *i8s9.]
ternal injury, sprain f., strain f. stell'ate f., Deep tenderness over the apex of the lung pos-
one in which the lines of break radiate from a teriorly. F.'s symp'tom, circumscribed streaked
central point, strain f ., the tearing off of a piece redness of the gums, a short distance, from the
of bone by the strain upon a tendon or ligament. border, in influenza
subcuta'neous f., a simple, not compound f. frangula (frang'gu-lah) (U.S.) The bark cf
troph'ic f., one due to disturbance of nutrition of Rhamnus frangula (Frangula vulgaris), employed
the bone, tor'sion f., one resulting from twist- as a laxative or cathartic in doses of gr. 5—15
ing of the limb, transverse' f., one the line of (0.3-1.0).
which forms a right angle with the axis of the fran'gulln. Rhamnoxanthin, CjiH^jOj, a bitter
bone, ununi'ted f., one in which union fails to principle from frangula; has been given as a
occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded purgative in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0. 2).
and more or less eburnated, a false joint result- Franke's operation (frahng'keh) [Walther Franke,
ing, will'ow f., green-stick f, German surgeon, *i862.] Tearing out the inter-
costal nerves in place of section of the posterior
astragalus, Shepherd's, by contrecoup, or counter- spinal nerve roots for the relief of the visceral
stroke, contrafissura. fibula, Dupuytren's, Pott's.
malleolus, Wagstatfe's. material of repair, callus; crises of tabes dorsalis.
deficiency^ hypoporosis; excess, hyperporosis, opera- Frankenhaeuser's gang'lion (frahng'ken - hoy - zer)
tive, osteoclasis, osteopalinclasis. predisposing con- [Ferdinand Frankenkaeuser, German gynecologist,
dition, osteopsathyrosis, fragilitas ossium, radius.
Barton's, Colles's, Moore's, Smith's. science of, ti894.] A nervous ganglion sometimes found in
agmatology. settingj diaplasis^diorthosis. thumb, the lateral walls of the cervix uteri.
Bennett's, tibia, Gossehn's, Wag ~
Vagstaffe's. wedge- frank'incense [L. francum incensum, pure incense.]
shaped, Gosselin's.
Olibanum.
Fraenkel's pneumococ'cus (freng'kel) [AVoert Fraen Frank'lin glass'es [Benjamin Franklin,. American
kel, Berlin physician, 1848-1916.] Diplococcus physicist and statesman, 1 706-1 790.] Bifocal
pneumonia. glasses, in which the lower half lens is for near,
Fraenkel's test (freng'kel) [Bemhard Fraenkel, the upper half for distant vision.
Berlin laryngologist, 1837-1911.] The patient's Frank'lin Spring, Georgia. Saline-aluminous-ferro-
headis bent forward between his knees and ro- sulphureted waters, 60° F. Used by drinking
tated so that the suspected side is uppermost; and bathing in chronic diarrhea, dysentery, and
the nasal cavity is then examined and if pus is ulcerative skin diseases.
found in the middle meatus it affords evidence of franklin'ic. Noting static or frictional electricity.
suppuration in some of the anterior group of frank'linism [Benjamin Franklin.] Static or fric-
accessory sinuses. tional electricity.
Fraenk'el-Gabb'et meth'od. Staining tubercle ba- frankliniza'tion. The therapeutic employment of
cilli with carbolic fuchsin, the contrast color static electricity.
being obtained by immersing in an acidulated Franzensbad, Bohemia (frahn'tsens-baht). Alka-
solution of methylene blue. line-saline-ferruginous-carbonated waters. Also
Fraenkel-Weichselbaum pneumococcus (freng'kel- moor or mud baths. Cold. Thirteen springs.
, vikh'zel - bowm nu-mo - kok'us). Diplococcus Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism,
pneumonicB. gout, gastrohepatic affections, constipation,
frse'nulum, frse'num. Frenulum, frenum. splenic enlargement, Bright's disease, scrofula,
fragilitas (fra-jil'I-tas) [L.] Fragility, brittleness. anemia, neurasthenia, cutaneous affections, dia-
f.crin'ium [Iv. gen. pi. of crinis, hair], brittleness betes, general debility, and diseases of women.
of the hair, a condition in which the hair of the May I to September 30.
head or face tends to split or break off. f. oss'- Franz Joseph, Hungary (frahnts-yo'zef). Saline-
FRANZ JOSEPH 38s FRERICHS' THEORY

carbonated waters. Used by drinking in chronic fre'nal. Relating to any frenum.

constipation, piles, diseases of the liver, catarrh French Lick Springs, Indiana. Saline-sulphureted-
of the stomach and intestines, and headache. carbonated waters. Thirteen springs. Used
Fra'sera [John Fraser, English botanist, 1750-1817.] by drinking in various disorders.
A genus of plants of the natural order GeniianacecB. Frenk'el's meth'od [Heinrich Frenkel, Swiss neurol-
F. carolinen'sis, F. wal'teri, American calutnba, ogist, *i86o.] Treatment of the ataxia of tabes
Indian lettuce; the root has been used as a bitter dorsalis by means of systematic exercises intended
tonic in doses of 3i— i (2 0-4 o) of a fiuidextract,
• . to reeducate the patient in the power of coordina-
and for the relief of chronic constipation in doses tion. F.'s symp'tom, lowered muscular tonus in
of ^S~3o (0'3~2.o) of the eclectic specific tabes dorsalis.
preparation. frenotomy, frsenotomy (fren-ot'o-mi) [L. frcenum,
fra'serin. An eclectic preparation from the root frenum, + G. tome, a cutting.] Division of any
of Frasera carolinensis, F. walieri; a brown frenum, especially of the frenum linguae for the
powder employed as a bitter tonic and for the relief of tongue-tie.
relief of atonic constipation in doses of gr. 1—3 fren'ulum, freen'ulum [L. dim. of frenum.] i. Any
(0.06-0. 2). small frenum. :s. Specifically, a narrow strip
Fraunhofer's lines (frown'ho-fer) [Joseph von of white matter running along the upper surface
Fraunhofer, German optician, 1787-1826.] A of the anterior medullary velum to the quadri-
number of the most prominent of the absorption* geminal plate. 3. The [BNA] term for frenum.
lines of the solar spectrum. f. cerebell'i, f. veli. f. clitor'idis [BNA], frenum
frax'inus [L.] (N.F.) Ash, the bark of the trunk of the clitoris, the line of union of the inner por-
or root of Fraxinus americana, white American tions of the labia minora on the under surface
ash, or F. excelsior, European ash; employed as of the glans clitoridis. i. epiglot'tidis, a fold of

a. tonic and astringent and in the treatment of mucous membrane extending from the posterior
gout and rheumatism in dose of gr. 30 (2.0), or portion of the dorsum of the tongue to the front
of 3 1 (4-0) of the N.P. vinum fraxini. of the epiglottis, middle glossoepiglottic fold,
F.R.C.P. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal plica* glossoepiglottica mediana [BNA]. f. of
College of Physicians. Giacomi'ni, a slender band, the continuation of
F.R.C.P.E. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal the dentate gyrus, crossing transversely the
College of Physicians of Edinburgh. surface of the recurved part of the uncus, f . la'-
F.R.C.P.I. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal bii inferior'is, f. la'bii superior'is [BNA], the folds
College of Physicians in Ireland. of mucous membrane extending from the gum to
F.R.C.S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal the middle line of the lower and upper lips, respec-
College of Surgeons. tively, f . labior'um puden'di [B NA], f. labiorum
F.R.C.S.E. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal minorum, the fold connecting posteriorly the
College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. two labia minora, f. pudendi, the fourchette. f.
F.R.C.S.I. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal lin'guffi [BNA], a fold of mucous membrane
College of Surgeons in Ireland. extending from the floor of the mouth to the
freckle (frek'l) [O. Eng. freken.'\ Lentigo, ephelis, midline of the under surface of the tongue, f.
one of a number of yellowish or brownish spots lin'gulse,a continuation of the lamina of the
on the exposed parts of the skin, occurring espe- lingula of the cerebellum over the peduncles,
cially in young persons of sandy complexion; f. of Macdow'el, tendinous fasciculi passirig
they may be hereditary but are increased in from the tendon of insertion of the pectoralis
number on exposure to the sun. cold f., an major muscle across the bicipital groove, f. of
eruption of freckles on parts not exposed to the Morga'gni, f. valvulse coli. f. prepu'tii cli-
sun's rays. tor'idis, f. clitoridis. f. prepu'tii pe'nis [BNA],
FrSdMcq's sign [Louis
(fra-da-rek') Auguste a fold of mucous membrane passing from the
FH(Uricq, Belgian physician, 1815-1853.] The under surface of the glans penis to the deep sur-
presence of a red line on the gums in certain face of the prepuce, f. puden'di, f. labiorum
pulmonary affections, especially tuberculosis. pudendi. f. val'vulse co'li [BNA], a fold running
Fredet-Rammstedt operation (frS-da'-rahm'stet from the junction of the two segments of the
op-er-a'shun) [Pierre Fredet, French surgeon, ileocecal valve on either side along the inner wall
contemporary; C. Rammstedt, German surgeon, of the colon, f. ve'li, f. ve'li medulla'ris
contemporary.] Longitudinal incision of the anterior'is [BNA], a band of white fibers
thickened serosa and muscularis down to, passing from the longitudinal groove between
but not through the mucosa, in cases of con- the corpora quadrigemina on to the valve of
genital stenosis of the pylorus. Vieussens. f. synovia'le, one of the bands
fremitus (frem'i-tus) [L. a clashing.] A vibration stretching between a tendon and its sheath.
imparted to the hand resting on the chest or fre'num, frae'num [L. a check-rein.] Frenulum
other part of the body, bron'chial f., bronchial [BNA]. I. A narrow reflection or fold of mucous
rales appreciable by the hand resting on the membrane passing from a more fixed to a mov-
chest, as well as by the ear. hydat'id f., able part, as from the gum to the deep surface of
hydatid thrill.* pericardial f., vibsation in the the lip, serving in a measure to check undue
chest wall produced by the friction of opposing movement of the part. 2. An anatomical struc-
roughened surfaces of the pericardium, pleu'ral ture resembling such a fold.
f., vibration in the chest wall produced by
the fren'zy [G. phreniiis, inflamination of the brain.]
rubbing together of the roughened opposing Violent delirium, mania.
surfaces of the pleura, subjec'tive f., vibration FrSre Cosine's, or C6ine's, paste (frair kom) [Brother
felt within the chest by the patient himself, Cosmus, the religious name of Jean Baseilhac, a
when humming with the mouth closed, tus'- French surgeon, 1703— 1781.] A caustic of arsenic
i, red sulphide of mercury 5, burnt sponge 2,
sive f., a form of f. similar to the vocal, pro-
duced by a cough, vo'cal f., the vibration made into a paste with water.
in the chest wall, felt on palpation, produced Frerichs' the'ory (fra'rikhs) [Friedrich Theodor
Frerichs, German physician, 1819-1885.] Ure-
by the spoken voice.
 — ;

FRERICHS' THEORY 386 FROMMEL'S OPERATION

mia is poisoning by ammonia, a ferment in the cavity is slightly raised in pitch on deep inspira-
blood causing urea to be transformed into am- tion. sudden collapse of the previously
F.'s sign,
monium carbonate. distended veins of the neck at each diastole of the
fre'tum Hal'leri [L. freiam, a strait.] See Holier. heart; it occurs in cases of adherent pericardium.
Freudian (froy'cU-an). Having reference to Sig- Friedrichshall, Germany (fred'rikhs-hahl). Saline
mund Preud, * noting especially his theories re- waters. Used by drinking in constipation,
garding the underlying cause of certain nervous piles, biliary disorders, gallstones, gravel, intes-
—
or psychic impediments phobias, tics, etc. tinal disorders, gout, and scrofula.
namely that they are based upon the existence frigid (frij'id) [L. /rigidwi, cold.] 1. Cold. 2. Tem-
in the psyche Jof certain unconscious (i.e., re- peramentally, especially sexually, cold or irre-
pressed) sexual affects, and that their cure is to sponsive.
be effected by bringing these affects into the frigidity (fri-jid'i-ti). Sexual coldness or indif-
consciousness through a methodical examination ference.
termed psychoanalysis;* and further noting the
frigolabile (fri-go-la'bl) [L. frigus, cold, -|- labilis
theory that dreams are the partial emergence
perishable.] Subject to destruction by cold.
under veiled forms and through symbolism of
frigorific (frig-8-rif'ik) [L. frigus(f rigor-), cold, -|-
these repressed sexual affects.
Freud's the'oiy (froyd) [Sigmund Freud, Viennese facere, to make.] Producing cold.

neurologist, *i856.] An hysterical attack is due f rigorism (frig'or-izm) [L. frigus (frigor-), cold.]
to a psychic trauma which was not adequately A pathological condition resulting from the
reacted to at the time it was received, and per- action of extreme cold upon the body.
sists as an aSect-memory. See Freudian and frigostabile, frigostable (fri-go-sta'bl) [L. frigus,
psychoanalysis. • cold, + stabilis, stable, firm.] Not subject to
Freimd's anom'aly (froynt) [Hermann Wolfgang destruction by a low temperattire.
Freund, German gynecologist, *i859.] A nar- frigotherapy (frig-o-ther'a-pl) [L. frigus, cold, + G.
rowing of the upper aperture of the thorax by therapeia, treatment.] Crymotherapy,* psychro-
shortening of the first rib and its cartilage, result- therapy.
ing in defective expansion of the apex of the lung Frisch's bacil'lus (Anton Frisch, Vienna surgeon;
and consequent predisposition to tuberculosis. 1849-1917.] A
microorganism resenibling
F.'s reac'tion, lysis of cancer-cells by the serum Friedlaender's pneumobacillus, said to be the
of non-cancerous subjects. cause of rhinoscleroma.
Freund's law [Wilhelm Alexander Freund, German Fritsch's cath'eter [Heinrich Fritsch, German gyne-
gynecologist, 1833-1917.] Ovarian tumors, cologist, 1844-1915.] Bozeman*-Fritsch cath-
while intrapelvic, lie behind the uterus, but eter.
when they grow out of the pelvis, they lie above Froeh'de's rea'gent. Sodium molybdate i in strong ,

and in front of the uterus. F.'s opera'tion, sulphuric acid 1000; gives various color reactions
"
total abdominal hysterectomy for cancer of the withalkaloids.
uterus. Froehlich's syn'drome or type (fre'likh) [Alfrep
Frey's i-rita'tion hairs (fri) [Max von Frey, German Proehlich, Viennese neurologist, contemporary.]
physician, '''1852.] Short hairs of varying degrees Typus Froehlich, hypophyseal syndrome, dys-
of stiffness, set at right angles into the end of a trophia'*' adiposogenitalis.
' light wooden handle used fpr determining the
; frog (etymology unknown), i. An animal of the
presence and degree of irritability of pressure family Ranidce, order Bairachia 2. The elastic
points in the skin. homy substance in the middle of the sole of
Freyer's opera'tion (fri'er) [P. Johnson Freyer, the horse's hoof; it is V-shaped, the two branches
Lieut. Col. (retired) Indian Medical Service.] extending toward the heel. f. in the throat, a.
Suprapubic excision of the prostate gland. collection of mucus in the larynx causing hoarse-
fri'able [L. friabilis: friare, to crumble.] Easily ness and an inclination to hawk, salt f., a living
reduced to powder. frog whose blood has been drained away and
fri'ars' bal'sam. Balsamum traumaticum. replaced by a salt solution.
friction (frik'shun) [L. /rt'core, to rub.] x. Rubbing frog-belly. 'The slightly distended belly of a rachitic
2. The resistance to movement between two child.
bodies in contact with each other, f. sound, the frog-face. The appearance caused by broadening of
sound, heard on auscultation, made by the rub- the nose which occurs in certain cases of polypus.
bing of two opposed serous surfaces roughened frog-stay. The bar* in a horse's hoof.
by an inflammatory exudate. frog-tongue. Ranula.
Fiidenberg's stigmoznet'ric card test (fre'den-berg) Frohn's rea'gent [Damianus Frohn, German physi-
[Percy Fridenberg, New York ophthalmologist, cian, *i843.] Bismuth subnitrate 1.5, water 20 o .

*i868.] See stigmometric* card. raise to the boil and add hydrochloric acid 10. 0,
Friedlaender's bacil'lus (frSd'len-der) [Carl Fried- and potassium iodide 7.0; a test for alkaloids
laender, Berlin histologist, 1847-1887.] Bacillus and for sugar.
pneumonitz. frolement (frol-mon'). i. Light friction with
Friedlaender's disease' (frSd'len-der) [Max Fried- the palm^ of the hand, one of the forms of
Itznder, German physician, *i84i.] Endarteritis massage. 2. A rustling sound heard in auscul-
obliterans. tation.
Friedmann's disease' (fr§d'mahn) [Max Friedmann, From'mann's stri'as [Carl Frommann, German
German neurologist, contemporary.] Relapsing anatomist, 1831-1892.] Transverse lines in the
infantile spastic spinal paralysis. axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber near Ranvier's
Friedreich's ataz'ia (fred'rikh) [Nicholas Friedreich, crosses, made visible by intense staining with
Heidelberg physician, 1825-18S2.] Hereditary nitrate of silver.
spinal ataxia.* F.'s disease', paramyoclonus From'mel's opera'tion [Richard Frommel, German
multiplex. F.'s foot, a form of pes cavus occur- gynecologist, 1854-1912.] Shortening of the
ring in F.'s disease. F.'s phenom'enon, the utero-sacral ligaments by the abdominal route,
tympanitic percussion sound over a pulmonary for retrodeviation.
 ;

FROMMER'S DILATOR 387 FULTON WELLS

From'mer's dila'tor. A modification of Bossi's fuchsinophil, fuchsinophile (fook-sin'o-iil or fil)

cervical dilator. \fuchsin, + G. philos, fond.] Erythrophil. 1.
frond [L. frons, a green bough.] The leaf of a Staining readily with fuchsin dyes. 2. cell or A
fern or a palm. histological element which stains readily with
fron'dose. Thalloid. fuchsin. f. reac'tion, the property possessed by
frons, gen. fron'tis [L.] The forehead. certain elements, when stained in an aniline-water
fron'tad. Toward the front. solution of acid fuchsin, of retaining the stain
frontal (frun'tal). i. In front, relating to the ante- when treated with picric acid alcohol.
rior part of a body. .1. Relating to the forehead. fuchsinophilous (fook-sin-of'il-us). Fuohsinophil(i).
f. angle, anterior superior angle of the parietal Fu'cus [G. phykos, seaweed.] A
genus of seaweeds,
bone. natural order Fucacea. F. cris'pus, Irish moss,
fronta'lis. See tmder musculus. chondrus.* F. siliquo'sus, a species resembling
fion'tier sore. Oriental boil.* /. vesiculosus and sometimes substituted for it.
frontoma'lar. Relating to the frontal and the F. yesiculo'sus, Quercus marina, bladder-wrack,
malar bones. kelp, a seaweed of the northern Atlantic and
fron"tomax'illary. Relating to the frontal and the Pacific coasts; the dried thallus, official in the
maxillary bones. N.P. as fucus, has been employed in the treat-
frontona'sal. Relating to the frontal and the nasal ment of obesity and of enlarged glands in doses
bones. of gr. lo-is (0.6-1.0), or itnio (0.6) of the N.F.
fronto-occip'ital. Relating to the frontal and the fluidextract.
occipital bones, or to the forehead and the fu'el val'ue. Potential energy of the oxidizable
occiput. portion of food.
frontoparietal (frun"to-pa-ri'e-tal). Relating to the Fuerbringer's hand-disinf ec'tion (fur'bring-er)
frontal and the parietal bones. [Paul F. Fuerbringer, Berlin clinician, *i849.]
fron"totem'poral. Relating to the frontal and the Brushing the hands and arms with warm soap
temporal bones. and water for 3 minutes the same repeated after
;

front-tap contrac'tion. Contraction of the calf cleaning the nails; rubbing with 70 per cent,
muscles when the anterior surface of the leg is alcohol, 2 minutes; brushing with a 2 per cent,
struck. lysol solution, 2 minutes. F.'s sign, a needle
Froriep's gan'glion (fro'rep) [August Froriep, Ger- thrust into a collection of pus below the dia-
man anatomist, *i849.] A
temporary collection phragm will move with the respiratory move-
of nerve-cells on the dorsal aspect of the hypo- ments, whereas if the pus is in the pleural cavity
glossal nerve in the embryo; it represents a the needle will remain stationary, or nearly so.
rudimentary dorsal ganglionic root. F.'s indu- F.'s test, the presence of albumin in the urine is
ra'tion, myositis fibrosa. indicated by a cloud surrounding a capsule con-
frost-bite. Congelation a local condition resulting
; taining sodium chloride, corrosive sublimate, and
from freezing of the part citric acid.
frost'ed liver, etc. Icing* liver, etc. Fuerstner's disease' (furst'ner) [C. Fuersiner, Ger-
frost-itch. Pruritus hiemalis. man psychiatrist, *i848.] Pseudospastic paraly-
Frost-Lang opera'tion. Insertion of a gold ball sis with tremor.

after the enucleation of the eyeball, then uniting fugitive (fu'ji-tiv) [L. fugitivus: fugere, to flee.] j.
the superior and inferior recti muscles by a suture Temporary, transient, a. Wandering, flying;
including the overlying conjunctiva. noting certain inconstant symptoms.
fruc'tose. Fruit-sugar, levulose.* fugue (fug) [L. fuga, flight.] Flight, ambulatory au-
fnictosuria (fruk"to-su'ri-ah) {fructose G. ouron, + tomatism a wandering away from home under an
;

urine.] The passage of urine containing fructose. hysterical impulsion, often with loss of memory of
fruit (froot) [L. frucius.] ± An edible product of a
. one's name, residence, occupation, etc.
plant, which contains the seeds. 2. The matured fugu-poison (foo'goo-poy"zun) [Jap. fugu, a poison-
ovary of a plant with the seed and its envelopes, ous fish.] Fish poison, a poison in the roe
whether edible or not. and other parts of various species of Diodon,
fcuita'rian. One who lives chiefly on fruits, with Triodon, and Tetradon, fishes of eastern Asiatic
milk usually and nuts. waters.
fruit-sugar. Fructose, levulose.* Fukala's opera'tion (foo-kah'lah) [Vincent Fukala,
frus'trate [L. frusirari, to deceive; frustra, in vain.] Bohemian physician, fiQiS.] Removal of the
Ineffectual. lens for the relief of very pronounced myopia.
fru'ticose. Noting a shrub-like lichen. ful'gurant [L. fulgurare, to lighten.] Sudden, like
Fry's Min'eral Spring, Iowa. Alkaline-saline waters. a flash of lightning; fulminant, foudroyant.
Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, ful'gurating. i. Fulgurant. 2. Relating to ful-
diseases of the blood, nervous system, liver, and guration (2).
kidneys, dyspepsia, and general debility. fulguration (ful-gu-ra'shun) [L. fulgur, lightning
ft. I. An abbreviation of the Latin fiat (sing.), stroke, a. Treatment of malignant tumors by
fiant (pi.), meaning, "let there be made"; a means of sparks from a d'Arsonval current.
term employed in prescription writing, li. An fuliginous (fu-lij'in-us) [L. fuligo, soot.] Sooty, of
abbi-eviation of foqt, a measure of length. the color of soot.
Fuchs' colobo'ma (fookhs) [Ernst Fuchs, German full'ers' earth. Aluminum silicate, porcelain clay,
ophthalmologist, *i8si.] A congenital defect in kaolinum.*
the chorioid at the lower edge of the optic disc. fiillkiirper (fiil'ker-per) [Ger. fill-bodies.] Degen-
fuchsin (fook'sin) [from fuchsia, after Leonhard erated glia cells.
Fuchs, German botanist, 1501— 1566.] Rosan- ful'minant [L. fulminare, to lighten.] Fulgurant,
ilin monohydrochloride, employed as a red stain foudroyant, occurrihg with lightning-like rapidity
in histology and bacteriology; chemically pure noting certain pains, as those of tabes dorsalis.
fuchsin (arsenic-free) has been employed in al- ful'minating. Fulgurating.
buminuria and anasarca in doses of gr. i-3 (0.03- Ful'ton Wells, California. Alkaline-saline-chalyb-
0.2). f. bod'ies, Russell's* bodies, hyaline bodies. eate-sulphureted-carbonated waters. Used by
FULTON WELLS 388 FUNICULUS

drinking and bathing in anemia, dyspepsia, base of the bladder, f. vesi'cas feU'eee [BNA],
malarial affections, congestion of the liver, etc. the wide closed end of the gall-bladder situated
fu'migate [L. jumigare; fumus, smoke, + agere, to at the inferior border of the liver.
drive.] To expose to the action of smoke or of fungoid (fung'goyd) [L. fungus + G. eidos, re-
fumes of any kind, as of sulphur, as a means of semblance.] Fungous, resembling a fungus,
disinfection. noting an exuberant morbid growth on the surface
fumiga'tion. Exposure to the fumes of sulphur or of the body.
to the action of a disinfectant gas. fungosity (fung-gos'I-tl) 1. A fungoid growth. 2.

fu'ming [L. fumus, smoke.] Giving forth a visible The state of being fungous.
vapor, a property of strong nitric, sulphuric, fungous (fung'gus). Relating to a fungus; of the
and hydrochloric acids, and certain other sub- appearance of a fungus, fungoid.
stances. fungus (fung'gus) [L.] 1. A cellular vegetable or-
function (funk'shun) [L. fundus; fungi, to perform.] ganism feeding on organic matter; such are
1. The special action or physiological property of mushrooms, moulds, and bacteria. 2. A morbid
an organ or other part of the body. n. The excrescence on the surface of the body, soft and
general properties of any substance, depending succulent, bearing a fancied resemblance to a
upon its chemical character and relation to other mushroom; an exuberant overgrowth of granu-
substances, according to which it may be grouped lation tissue, proud flesh, al'pha f., term ap-
among the acids, bases, alcohols, or esters, etc. plied by Quincke to the fungus of favus herpeti-
3. To perform its special work or office, said formis, now usually called Achorion arloingi
of an organ or other part of the body; to func- or A. quinckeanum. be'ta f., term applied by
tionate. Quincke to a strain of Achorion schoenleinii,
functional (funk'shun-al). Relating to a func- the favus fungus, budd'ing f., yeast f.
tion or the functions, f. disease', a, disease cuta'neous f., dermatomyces, dermatophyte.
manifested by disorder in the functions of the fis'sion f,, a schizomycete. gam'ma f., term
several organs or tissues, but in which no lesion applied by Quincke to a strain of Achorion
or change in structure can be determined; schoenleinii, the favus fungus, f. hsmato'des,

usually some form of neurosis. a soft, easily bleeding, malignant fungoid

iunc'tionating. Performing its normal function, growth, f. of the brain, hernia cerebri.
said of an organ or other part. mould f., mucorinus. ray f., actinomyces.
fun'dal. Relating to a fundus. slime f., mycetozoa. umbil'ical f., a mass of
fun'dament [L. fundamenium, foundation.] 1. A granulation tissue on the stump of the umbilical
foundation. 2. The anus, cord in the newborn, yeast f., saccharomyces.
fundamen'tal. i. Essential. 2. Elementary, f. fun'gus-foot. Mycetoma,
tis'sue, in botany, the tissue of the body of a plant, fu'nic. Relating to the funis, or umbilical cord.
not the epidermis or a vascular bundle. fu'nicle. Funiculus.
fun'diform [L. funda, a sling, + forma, shape.] funic'ular. i. Relating to a funiculus. 2. Funic.
Looped; sling-shaped. funicuUtis (fu-nik-u-li'(le')tis) \juniculus + G. -iiis].
fun'dus [L. bottom.] 1. The bottom or lowest part Inflammation of a funiculus, especially of the
of a sac or hollow organ, that farthest removed spermatic cord, endem'ic f., cellulitis of the
from the opening. 2. The cardiac end of the spermatic cord occurring endemically in Ceylon
stomach, the main reservoir for the reception of and Egypt, and probably elsewhere in the
food and its peptic digestion, partly shut off, East.
during digestion, from the antrum, or pyloric funic'ulus [L. dim. of funis, cord.] A small, cord-
end, by the prepyloric sphincter, f. mea'tus like structure, such as (i) one of the bundles of
acus'tici inter'ni [BNA], fundus of the internal nerve-fibers the aggregate of which compose the
acoustic (auditory) meatus, lies at the base of nerve-trunk; (2) the spermatic cord; (3) the
the modiolus of the cochlea and is separated umbilical cord; (4) in botany, the stalk of the
by a thin plate of bone from the vestibule; it is ovule, f. am'nii, amniotic cord. f. ante'rior,
divided by the crista transversa, transverse crest, anterior bundle, anterior column of the spinal
into the fossula superior and fossula inferior; cord, a column or bundle of white matter on either
the former is pierced by the aqueduct of side of the anterior median fissure, between that
Pallopius and foramina for nerves to the and the anterolateral sulcus. f. cunea'tus
utricle and ampullae of the superior and lateral [BNA], the upward prolongation of the fasciculus
semicircular canals; the latter by ,the canalis cuneatus, or Burdach's tract, in the medulla, f.
centralis and tractus spiralis foraminosus, gra'cilis [BNA], the upward prolongation of the
giving passage to the cochlear nerves, by foram- fasciculus gracilis, or GoU's tract, in the medulla.
ina for nerve-fibers to the vestibule, and by the f. latera'lis [BNA], the lateral white column of
foramen singulare for nerves to the ampulla of the the spinal cord between the lines of exit and
posterior semicircular canal, f . oc'uU, the portion entrance of the anterior and posterior nerve-
of the interior of the eyeball around the posterior roots; it contains four tracts or fasciculi: the
pole; the part exposed to view through the lateral cerebrospinal or crossed pyramidal, the
ophthalmoscope, f. tigri (te-gra'), the appear- cerebellospinal or direct cerebellar, the super-
ance presented by the fundus of the eye, sup- ficial anterolateral or Gowers' tract, and
posedly after slight hemorrhage or in retinitis the proper lateral fasciculus or lateral groimd or
pigmentosa the retina is marked by a number of
; basis biindle; also the lateral white column of
reddish-brown strise lying beneath the vessels; the medulla oblongata, f. medull'ae spina'lis
leopard retina, tigroid retina, f tym'panl, floor
. [BNA], any one of the columns of the spinal
of the tympanic cavity, paries jugularis tympani cord, the chief of which are the posterior
[BNA]. f. u'teri [BNA], the upper rounded (/, posterior) and the anterolateral (/. anterior
extremity of the uterus above the openings of and/, lateralis) of each lateral half of the cord;
the Fallopian tubes, f. ventric'uli [BNA], the in the cervical portion of the cord the posterior
cardiac or esophageal end of the stomach; see column divides into an outer part (/. cuneatus)
fundus (2). f. vesi'cso urina'riae [BNA], the and an inner part ( /. gracilis), f. poste'rior
FUNICULUS 389 FUSTIN

IBNA], posterior funiculus or white column o£ joint, gen'ital f ., a groove on the genital tubercle
the spinal cord lying between the posterior gray in the embryo, glu'teal f., the groove or sulcus
column or horn and the posterior median sulcus; between the nates or buttocks, prim'itive f., a
it is composed of two tracts: the fasciculus groove on the dorsal surface of the embryo which
gracilis, or Goll's tract, and the fasciculus becomes converted into a, tube, the primitive
cuneatus, or Burdach's tract; also the posterior cerebrospinal axis.
white column of the medulla oblongata, f. sep'- furrow-keratitis (fur"o-ker-S-ti'(te')tis). Elongated
arans, an oblique ridge in the floor of the fourth branching ulcers of the cornea, keratitis den-
ventricle of the brain, separating the area pos- dritica.
trema from the ala cinerea, or trigonum vagi. furuncle (fu'rung-kl). Furunculus, boil.
f. sil'iquae, one of the bundles of fibers on the
furuncular (fu-rung'ku-lar). Relating to a boil or
surface of the nucleus olivaris inferior, f. soli-
furuncle, furunculous.
ta'rius, fasciculus solitarius. f. spermat'icus
furunculoid (fu-rung'ku-loyd) [furunculus + G.
[BNA], spermatic cord. £. te'res, eminentia
eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a boil.
teres, eminentia medialis [BNA]. t. umbilica'-
lis [BNA], umbilical cord, a cord of fibro-
.
furunculo'sis. A condition marked by the presence
of furuncles or boils. f. orienta'lis, oriental
mucoid substance (Wharton's jelly), containing
boil.*
the umbilical vein and the umbilical arteries,
which connects the fetus with the placenta. furunculous (£u-rung'ku-lus). Furuncular, relat-
fu'nis [L. cord.] i. The umbilical cord. 2. A cord- ing to a boil marked by the presence of furuncles.
;

like structure, f. argen'teus, the spinal cord. furun'culus, pi. furun'cuU [L. dim. of fur, a. thief.]
f. bra'chii, the median cephalic vein of the arm. Furuncle, boil, an inflammation of the tissue
f. Hippoc'ratis, tendo Achillis. surrounding a cutaneous follicle, resulting in
funn'el. i. A hollow conical vessel with a tube of suppuration and necrosis of the central portion
variable length proceeding from its apex, used in (the core).
pouring fluids from one container to another, in Fusarium (fu-za'ri-um) [L. fusus spindle.] genusA
filtering, etc. 2. In anatomy,
infundibulum. of fungi. F. equi'num, a speeies suspected of
pi'al f., a loose adventitia, continued from the causing a mange in horses.
pia mater, which invests any one of the blood- fuscin (fus'in) [L. fuscus, dusky.] The pigment
vessels in the nervous substance of the brain of the retina.
or spinal cord. brandy.] Grain oil, a
fu'sel oil [Ger. fusel, inferior
fur, X. The coat of soft, fine hair of certain animals, mixture of amyl alcohol and other homologous
especially those inhabiting cold regions. 2. A products formed during alcoholic fermentation.
layer of epithelium and mucus frequently seen on fusible (fu'zl-bl). Capable of being melted, f. cal'-
the dorsum of the tongue, especially in disorders culus, a urinary calculus composed of triple phos-
involving the alimentary tract. phate and calcium, phosphate.
fur'cal [L. furca, fork.] Forked. fusiform (fu'zl-form) [L. fusus, a spindle, + forma,
fur'fur, pi. fur'fures [L. bran.] Dandruff; porrigo; form.] Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.
any epidermal scale. fusion (fu'zhun) [fundere, to m.elt, to pour.] 1.
furfuraceous (fur-fu-ra'shyus) [L. furfur, bran.] Liquefaction by heat, melting. 2. Uniting, join-

Branny, scaly, scurfy; composed of small scales, ing together. 3. The blending of the images seen
noting a form of desquamation. by the two eyes into one perfect image, producing
furfural, furfurol (fur'fu-ral, fur'fu-rol). A color- binocular vision. 4. The growth together, as
less aromatic fluid obtained in the distillation of one, of two or more teeth in consequence of the
bran with dilute sulphuric acid. abnormal union of their formative organs, f.
fu'ror [L.] Rage, madness, fury. f. epilep'ticus, fac'ulty, the power of perceiving the two images,
attacks of anger to which epileptics are occasion- seen by the two eyes, as one.
ally subject, occurring without provocation and fu"socell'ular. Spindle-celled.
without disturbance of consciousness, f. secan'di, fustiga'tion [L. fustigare, to beatwith a cudgel,
tomomania. f. uteri'nus, nymphomania. fustis.] A
form of massage consisting in beating
furrow (fur'o) [A.S. furh.] A groove or sulcus, dig'- the surface with light rods.
ital f., one of the grooves on the palmar surface fus'tin. A yellow dye from fustic, Rhus cotinus,
of a finger, at the level of an interphalangeal or Venetian sumach.
 5

39d GALACTOPHORE

G
G. Chemical symbol for the element glucinum, raised to different heights, affording an index to
g. Abbreviation for gram. the amount of pressure in the right auricle.
Ga. Chemical symbol for the element gallium. Gaff'ky scale or ta'ble [Georg Theodor August
Gabb'ett's method [Henry Singer Gabbett, English Gaffky, German hygienist, 1859-1918.] A
physician, contemporary.] For staining acid- formula for the classification of cases of tuber-
fast bacilli, including B. tuberculosis: The cover- culosis according to the number of tubercle
glass preparation, fixed by heat, is dipped in bacilli in the sputum. The following is the
Ziehl's* solution and warmed until vapor arises, table as modified by- Lawrason Brown: (i)
then washed and immersed for 2 to 4 minutes in One to four bacilli in whole preparation;
Gabbett's solution. G.'s solution, G.'s stain, (2) one on an average in many fields; (3) one
methylene blue i, sulphuric acid 25, water 75. on an average in each field;
(4) two to three on an
gab'ianol [Gabian, a village in France where there is average in each field; (5) four to six on an average
an oil well, + L. oleum, oil.] A refined prepara- in each field; (6) seven to twelve on an average
tion of a mineral oil, used in phthisis in doses of in each field; (7) thirteen to twenty-five on an
1113-5 (0.2-0.3). average in each field; (8) fifty on an average
Gaboon' ul'cer [Gaboon, the region in Africa now in each field; (9) one hundred on an average in
known as the French Congo.] A form of tropical each field.
ulcer affecting the natives of this region; it gag. I. To retch; to cause to retch or heave.
resembles a syphilitic ulcer, especially in the 2. An instrument adjusted between the teeth to
appearance of its scar. keep the mouth from closing during operations on
Gad'berry's mixture. Mistura splenetica. the tongue or in the throat.
gadinine (gad'I-nen) [GadiniB, a family of fishes to Gainesville, Georgia. Alkaline-saline-chalybeate-
which the cod belongs.] A ptomaine, CjHuNOj, carbonated waters. Gower, Deal, and New
obtained from decomposing fish. Holland springs. Used by drinking in digestive
gad'oUnite Qohan Gadolin, Finnish chemist, 1760- disorders, the dentition period of children, kidney
1852.] A mineral containing the rare elements affections, and general debility. The entire year.
yttrium and beryllium. gait (gat). Manner of stepping.
gadolinium (gad-o-lin'l-um) [see gadolinite.] A galactagogue (gal-ak'ta-gog) [G. gala(galakt-), milk,
very rare element, symbol Gd, atomic weight + og°gos, leading.] i. Increasing the secretion
IS7-3- of milk. 2. An agent which promotes the
gad'uol [L. gadus, codfish, + secretion and flow of milk.
oleum, oil.] An alcoholic ex- galactidrosis (gal-ak"ti-dro'sis) [G. gala(,galakt-),
tract of cod-liver oil, used in milk, + hidros, sweat.] Sweating of a milky fluid.
place of the oil in doses of 1515-1 galactischia (gal-ak-tis'kl-ah) [G. gala{galakt-),
(0.3-1.0). milk, + check.]
ischo, IGalactoschesia,
Ga'dus [L. codfish.] A genus of checking the secretion of milk.
fishes containing the cod, G. galac'toblast [G. gala(galakt-), milk, -I- blastos,
ntor'rhua, from the liver of germ.] A
colostrum* corpuscle.
which is obtained cod-liver oil, galactocele (gal-ak'to-sel) [G. gala{galakt-), milk,
oleum* morrhtue. + kele, tumor.] A
retention tumor caused by
occlusion of a lactiferous duct.
galac"tochlo'ral. Galactochloralose, an hypnotic
compound of chloral and galactose dose, ,gr. 3-10 ;

(0.2-0.6).
galactococcus (gal-ak'to-kok-us) [G. gala{galakt-),
milk.] A microorganism, believed to be patho-
genic, found in certain cases of udder disease in
the cow.
galactometas'tasis (gal-ak"to-m6-tas'ta-sis) [G. gala
(galakt-), milk, -I- metastasis.] The supposed
metastasis of milk, or its secretion elsewhere than
by the mammary glands.
galactom'eter [G. gala(galakt-), milk, -I- metron,
Gaertner's Tonometer. measure.] A
form of hydrometer for determitl)-
ing the specific gravity of milk as an indication of
Gaert'ner's bacil'lus (gairt'ner) [August Gaertner, its richness lactometer.
;

German bacteriologist, *i848.] Bacillus enteritidis. galactop'athy [G. gala(galakt-), milk, -1- pathos,
Gaert'ner's canal' or duct. Incorrect spelling for Galactotherapy.
suffering.]
Gartner. galactoph'agous [G. gala(galakt-), milk, + phagd, I
Gaert'ner's tonom'eter [G. Gaertner, Viennese diag- eat.] Subsisting on milk,
nostician, ""iSss.] An apparatus for estimating galactophlysis (gal-ak-tof'li-sis) [G. gala(galaki-),
the blood-pressure by noting the force, expressed milk, +
phlysis, eruption.] i. Crusta lactea 2.
by the height of a column of mercury, needed to A
vesicular eruption in which the vesicles contain
arrest pulsation in a finger encircled by a com- a milky fluid.
pressing ring. G.'s vein phenom'enon, varying galac'tophore [G. gala(galakt-), milk, -I- phoros, a
fulness of the veins of the arm as the limb' is bearer.] A milk duct.
GALACTOPHORIlis 391 GALL-BLADDER

galactophoritis (gal-ak-to-for-i'(e')tis). Inflamma- eate waters, 55° F. Four springs. Used by

tion of the milk ducts. drinking in various disorders.
galactophorous (gal-ak-tof'o-rus). Convejring milk. gal'ea [L. a helmet.] i . A
form of bandage cover-
galactophtfaisis (gal-ak"tof-thi'(the')sis) [G. gala ing the head. 2. The caul. 3. Galea aponeu-

(^alakt-), milk, + phthisis, wasting.] A loss of rotica. g. aponeurot'ica [BNA], epicranial apo-
fleshand strength assumed to be caused by neurosis, the aponeurosis- connecting the frontalis
unduly prolonged lactation. and occipitalis muscles to form the epicranius.
galactoph'ygous [G. gala{galakt-), milk, + phyge, g. cap'itis, galea (i) and (3).
banishment.] Diminishing or arresting the se- Galeati's glands (gah-la-ah'te) [Bologna phy-
cretion of milk, lactifugal. sician, 1686-1775.] Lieberkiihn's crypts.
galactopla'nia gale'ga (N.F.) . Goats' rue, the herb Galega officin-
[G. gala{galakt-), milk, -I- plane,
alis of the Mediterranean region, reputed to have
wandering.] Galactometastasis.
galactagogue properties in dose of 5i (4.0), or
galactopoietic galactopoetic (gal-ak"to-poy-et'ik,
of 5 1 (4.0) of the fluidextract.
gal-ak"to-po-et'ik) [G. galfi{galakt-), milk, -I- paid,
Ga'len's ampul'la [Claudius Galenus, Greek physi-
I make.] Galactagogue. i. Increasing the se-
cretion of milk. 2. An agent which promotes the
cian in Rome, 130-201.] A
circumscribed dilata-
tion of G.'s vein in Bichat's* fissure. G.'s anasto-
secretion of milk.
mo'sis, a nerve at the posterior surface of the
galactoirhe'a, galactoiThce'a [G. gala(^alaki-), milk,
larynx connecting the superior and inferior lar)^!-
-t- rhoia, flow.] A
continued discharge of milk geal nerves, supplying sensory fibers to the latter.
from the breasts in the intervals of nursing or G.'s ban'dage, a head bandage consisting of a
after the child has been weaned. broad piece of cloth split into three tails at each
galactoschesia, galactoschesis (gal-ak-to-ske'sl-ah, of the two ends; these strips or tails are tied
gal-ak-tos'ke-sis) [G. gala(galakt-), milk, -I- together over the forehead, under the chin, and
schesis, a checking.] A
checking of the secretion at the nucha. G.'s innom'inate gland, the orbital
of milk. portion of the lacrymal gland. G.'s nerve, G.'s
galac'toscope [G. gala(galakt-), milk, skoped, I + anastomosis. G.'s vein, vena cerebri magna.
examine.] An instrument for judging of the G.'s veins, venae cerebri intemae.
richness and purity of milk by the trauslucency of Galen'ic. Relating to Galen or to his theories.
a thin layer. galenicals (ga-len'i-kalz). i. Herbs and other vege-
galactose (gal-ak'toz) [G. gala(galaki-), milk.] A table drugs, as distinguished from the mineral or
dextrorotatory monosaccharid (hexose) occurring chemical remedies. 2. Crude drugs and the tinc-
as one of the products, with dextrose, of the hy- tures, decoctions, and other preparations made
drolysis of lactose. from them, as distinguished from the alkaloids
galactosta'sia, galactos'tasis [G. gala(galakt-), milk, and other active principles. 3. Remedies pre-
+ stasis, a standing.] Galactoschesia. pared according to an official formula.
galactosu'ria [galactose +
G. ouron, urine.] The galeropia (gal-er-o'pl-ah) [G. galeros, cheerful, dps, +
passage of urine containing galactose. eye.] Abnormal acutenessof vision.
galactother'apy [G gala(galakt-), milk, 4- therapeia, galeropsia (gal-er-op'sl-ah) [G. galeros, cheerful, H-
treatment.] i. Treatment of disease by means opsis, vision.] Galeropia.
of an exclusive or nearly exclusive milk diet; gall(gawl) [A.S. gealla.] ±. The bile. 2. An exco-
milk cure. 3. Medicinal treatment of a nursing riation on the skin. 3. Nutgall, galla.*
infant by giving to the mother a drug which is Gall's craniol'ogy [Franz Joseph Gall, German anato-
excreted in part by the milk. mist, 1758— 1828.] Phrenology.
galactotoz'icon [G. gala^galakt-), milk, toxikon, + gal'la [L.] (U.S., Br.) Nutgall, oak apple, an excres-
poison.] Atoxic substance of unknown composi- cence on the oak, Quercus lusitanica, caused by
tion found in poisonous milk. the deposit of the ova of a fiy, Cynips galla
galactotox'in. A poison in stale milk, probably tinctoria; astringent and styptic, by virtue of the
different from galactotoxicon. ,
tannin it contains, in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3-0.6).
galactotoz'ism [G. gala(galakU), milk, toxikon + gallacetophenone (gal-as"e-to-fe'n5n). A yellowish
poison.] Poisoning by impure or spoiled milk. brown powder, parasiticide and antiseptic; em-
galactozymase (gal-ak"to-zi'maz) [G. gala(galakt-'), ployed externally in psoriasis and other skin dis-
milk, + zyme, leaven.] A
starch-hydrolyzing fer- eases.
ment in milk. gaU'al. Aluminum gallate, employed externally as
galactu'ria [G. gala{galakt-), milk, +
ouron, urine.] an astringent and styptic.
The passage of milky urine chyluria. ; gallanilide (gal-an'i-lid).
Gallanol, gallinol; a deriva-
gal'alith [G. gala, milk, -f- lithos, stone.] Para- tive of acetanilide, employed
locally in skin dis-
casein hardened by formalin, employed in the eases as a substitute for chrysarobin.
manufacture of absorbable intestinal anastomo- gall'anol. Gallanilide.
sis buttons, and for other purposes. gallate (gal'at). A
salt of gallic acid.
galangal (gal-ang'gal) (N.P.). Galanga, galingal, gall-bladder (gawl'blad-ur). Vesica fellea, a pear-
Chinese ginger, the rhizome of Alpinia offici- shaped sac, containing bile, on the under surface
narum, an aromatic stimulant and carminative of the liver, sand'paper g.-b., a roughened condi-
in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). .tion of the mucous membrane of the g.-b., due to
gal'banum (Br.). A gum resin from Ferula gal- the deposit of cholesterin crystals, associated
baniflua, a plant of western Asia locally a count-
; usually with the presence of gallstones.
erirritant, internally an expectorant and anti- cholecystostoniy (external), cholecyst-
artificial fistula,
spasmodic in doses of gr. 10—20 (0.6—1.3). enteroanastomosis, cholecystenterostomy (with intes-
Galbiati's opera'tion (gahl-be-ah'te) [Gennaro Gal- tine), cholecystocolostomy (with colon), cholecysto-
duodenostomy (with duodenum,) cholecystogastros-
biati, Italian obstetrician, 1776—1844.] Bilateral tomy (with stomach), cholecystojejunostomy (with
pelvitomy or ischiopubiotomy, through the rami jejunum), cholecystoileostomy (with ileum), calculus,
forming the obturator foramina, with symphyse- cholelith. crushine calculus in, cholecystolithotripsy,
cholelithotrity. duatation, cholecystectasia. dropsy,
otomy. hydrocholecystis. excision, cholecystectomy, hernia,
Gal'braith Springs, Tennessee. Light calcic-chalyb- cholecystocele. incision, cholecystotomy. inflamma-
 :

GALL-BLADDER 392 GALYL

tion, cholecystitis, pain, cholecystalgia. removing ward turn or twist. Loops, when there is a single
calculus, cholelithotomy, cholecystendysis. suture,
cholecystorrhaphy, cholecystenterorrhaphy (to intes- backward turn, but no twist. Whorls, when
tine) cholecystopexy (to abdominal wall), tumor, there a turn through at least one complete
is
cholecystoncus, cholicele. circle:they are also considered to include all
Bile-duct, one of the tubes
duplex spirals." The abbreviations used in
gall-duct (gawl'dukt).
cominon
making a record of finger-prints are: u, arch, I,
coHveying bile, g.-d., ductus chole-
loop, w, whorl, i, loop with an inner (thumb side)
dochus. cystic g.-d., ductus cysticus.
slope, o, loop with an outer (little-finger side)
opening into, choledochostomy.
artificial artificial slope. The ten digits are registered in four
union with intestine, choledochoenterostomy, chole- groups as follows, distinguished by capital letters
dochoduodenostomy (with duodenum).
calculus
formation in, choledocholithiasis. crushing calculus A, the fore, middle, and ring fingers of the right
in, choledocholithotrjpsy, choledocholithotrity. exci- hand; B, the fore, middle, and ring fingers of the
sion, choledochectomy, cystectomy, incision, cholan- left hand; C, the thumb and little finger of the
giotomy, choledochotomy, cysticotomy, choledochen-
dysis. infiammation, angiocholitis, cholangitis, chole- right hand; D, the thumb and little finger of the
dochitis. removal of calculus, choledocholithotomy' left hand. G.'s whistle, a cylindrical whistle,
cholelithotomy. stenosis, choledochiarctia. attached to a comp essible bulb, with a screw
attachment by which the note can be changed;
gallein (gal'e-in). Pyrogallophthalein, C2„Hi„Oj, an it is used to test the hearing.
indicator of the reaction of a fluid, its alcoholic galvanic (gal-van'ik). ' Voltaic, relating to galvan-
solution being turned rose-red in an alkaline fluid, ism, g. batt'ery, a collection of cells or elements in
and yellowish brown in neutral solutions. which an electric current is generated by chemical
gallic acid (gal'ik as'id). Acidum* gallicum. action, g. cau'tery, galvanocautery. g. cell, g.
gall'icin. Methyl gallate, gallic-acid methyl ester; erement, a single unit of a g. battery, consisting
a grayish white crystalline powder, employed as usually of two plates of different metals immersed
an astringent antiseptic in conjunctivitis and in a liquid (usually an acid) which acts upon one of
keratitis. the plates, or each plate may be immersed in a
gall'inol. Gallanilide. different liquid, the two being separated by a
gallium (gal'i-um) [L. Gallia, Prance.] rare A porous partition, g. cur'rent, galvanism.
metal, symbol Ga, atomic weight 69.9, fluid galvanism (gal'van-izm)[Luigi ffafooKJ, Italian anato-
at a. temperature of 30° C. (86° P.); obtained mist, 1737-1798.] Constant current electricity
from zinc-blende in the Pyrenees. produced by chemical action.
gallobro'mol. Dibromogallic acid, occurs in galvaniza'tion. The application of the constant
whitish crystals soluble in 10 parts of water; used current, or galvanic electricity.
internally as a nervous sedative in doses of gr. galvanocautery (gal"van-o-kaw'teT-i). An actual
5-15 (0.3-1.0), and as an astringent and anti- cautery made by heating a wire by a galvanic
septic injection in gonorrhea. current.
gallofor'min. A crystalline substance obtained gal"vanocontractirity. The capability of a muscle
from gallic acid and hexamethylenamine ; em- of contracting under the stimulus of a galvanic
ployed as an internal and external antiseptic. current.
gal'logen. Benzoaric or ellagic acid, CjjHjOj, gal"vanofar"adiza'tion. The therapeutic applica-
obtained from the pods of CcBsalpina coriari or tion of a galvanic and a faradic current at the
divi-divi; a yellowish powder employed in the same time.
treatment of diarrhea in doses of gr. 5-15(0. 3—1.0). galvanorysis. Electrolysis.
gall'on. A measure of liquid capacity containing galvanom'eter [G. metron, measure.] An instru-
4 quarts, 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds of ment for detecting the presence of a galvanic
distilled water; it is the equivalent of 3.7853 current, or for measuring its strength. Eint'-
liters. The British imperial gallon contains hoven's g., string g., thread g., see electrocardio-
277.274 cubic inches. graph.
gallotann'ic acid. Tannin, acidum* tannicum. galvanomuscular (gal"van-o-mus'ku-lar). Noting
gall-sickness (gawl'sik-nes). Galziekte, a disease of the effect of the application of a galvanic cur-
cattle in South Africa caused by Trypanosoma rent directly to a muscle.
theileri. galvanonervous (gal"van-o-nur'vus). Noting the
gallstone (gawl'ston). A
concretion, chiefly of effect of the application of the constant current
cholesterin, formed in the gall-bladder or a bile- to a nerve trunk.
duct. galvanopuncture (gal"van-o-punk'tiir). The appli-
Galton's delta (gawl'tun) [Francis Gallon, English cation of galvanism by means of needle electrodes
scientist, 1822— 1911.] i. A
more or less well passed into the body.
marked triangle, in a finger-print, on either side gal'vanoscope [G. skoped, I view.] An instrument
where the straight ridges, near the joint of the dis- for detecting the presence of a galvanic current.
tal phalanx, are succeeded by arches, loops, or galvanotax'is. Electrotaxis* with relation to gal-
whorls (seecut under /j«ger-pn«i5). 2. Triradius. vanism.
G.'s law, the law of ancestral inheritance; each galvanotherapeutics, galvanotherapy (gal"van-o-ther-
parent contributes on an average one-quarter, or a-pu'tiks, gal"van-o-ther'a-pl) [G. therapeuiikos,
(\Y, each grandparent one-sixteenth, or (J)^, and treating; therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of
so on; the occupier of each ancestral place in the disease by applications of the galvanic current.
«th degree, whatever may be the value of n, con- galvanot'onus. Tonic muscular contraction in
tributes (i)^" of the heritage. G.'s system of classi- response to a galvanic stimulus.
fication, a system of classification of finger-prints galvanot'ropism. Galvanotaxis.
according to the variations in the patterns of galyl (gal'il). An arsenical preparation, tetraoxy-
the ridges, which are grouped into arches, diphosphamino-diarsenobenzol, a yellow powder
loops, and whorls; called the A.L.W., or without odor or taste, employed by intravenous
arch-loop-whorl system. "Arches are formed injection in the treatment of syphilis in doses of
when the ridges run from one side to the other of 8 milligrams per kilogram of the patient's
the bulb of the digit, without making any back- weight.
GALZIEKTE 393 GANGLION

galziekte (gahl'zek-teh) [D. gal, bile, + gangliform (gang'gll-form). Having the form or
sickness —
bilious fever.] A
trypanosomiasis of appearance of a ganglion, ganglioform.
cattle in South Africa, caused by the presence of gangliitis (gang-gU-i'(e')tis). Ganglionitis.
Tr. iheileri. ganglioblast (gang'gli-o-blast) [G. ganglion +
Gamaleia's spiril'lum (gam-ah-la'yah) [N. Gama- blastos, germ.] Esthesioblast, an embryonic cell

leia, Russian bacteriologist, *i85g.] See under of the ganglionic nervous system.
spirillu-m. gangliocyte (gang'gll-o-sit). Nerve cell,*
Gam'bian fe'ver [Gambia, a British colony on the ganglioform (gang'gli-o-form). Gangliform, shaped
West Coast of Africa.] An irregular relapsing like a ganglion.
fever, lastingone to four days with intermissions ganglioma (gang-gll-o'mah). Tumor of a lymphatic
of two to five days, marked by enlargement of gland.
the spleen, frequent pulse, and rapid breathing; ganglion, pi. ganglia, ganglions (gang'gll-on) [G. a
due to the presence in the blood of Trypanosoma subcutaneous tumor.] i. An aggregation of
gambiense, the pathogenic microorganism of nerve-cells within the brain, along the course of a
sleeping sickness. sensory cranial nerve, on the posterior (sensory)
gam'bir (U.S.). Catechu (Br.), an extract from the root of a spinal nerve, in one of the organs of
special sense, or forming one of the units of the
leaves of Ourouparia gambier, pale catechu; em-
sympathetic nervous system. 2. A lymph-node.
ployed in diarrhea in doses of gr. 7^-15 (0.5-1.0),
3. A circumscribed cystic swelling connected
gamboge (gam-b5j'). Cambogia. with a tendon sheath, due to the shutting off of a
gamete (gam'et) gametes, husband; gamete,
[G.
hernial protrusion of the synovial lining of the
wife.] I. One of two cells undergoing caryo- sheath.
gamy or true conjugation. 2. In heredity any
germ-cell, whether ovum, spermatozoon, or pol-
len-cell. com'pound g., an hourglass-shaped ganglion (3)
caused by compression of the sheath of a tendon
gametoblast (gam'e-to-blast) [G. gamete, wife,
by the annular ligament at the wrist.
gametes, husband, + blasios, offspring.] Sporo- diffuse' g., a cystic swelling due to inflammatory
zoite. eSusion into one or several adjacent tendon sheaths.
gametocjrte (gam'e-to-sit) [G. gametes, husband, -f- gan'glia plez'uum sympathico'rum, ganglia of the
kyios, a hollow vessel (cell).] A
sexually differ- sympathetic plexuses, see systema nervorum sympathi-
cum.
entiated sporont, the mother cell of a gamete.
g. aber'rans, aberrant g., one of the collections of
gam'etoid the'ory [gamete -\- G. eidos, reseinblance.] nerve-cells sometimes found on a posterior spinal
The theory that the malignancy of a tumor is nerve-root between the spinal ganglion and the spinal
due to the fact that the cells have assumed cord.
sexual characteristics and live as parasites upon g. acousticofacia'le, a g. in the embryo, the primitive
g. geniculi.
the organism.
g. aor"ticorena'le, aorticorenal g., a semidetached
gametophagia (gam-S-to-fa'ji-ah) [G. gametes, hus- portion of the lower end of the celiac or semilunar g.
band, or gamete, wife, -|- phago, I eat.] The g. auricula're, g. oticum.
disappearance of the male or female element in g. cardi'acum [BNAJ, cardiac g., g. of Wrisberg, a
zygosis or true conjugation. g. of the cardiac plexus lying between the arch of the

gamma rays (gam'ah raz.) See under ray. aorta and the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery.
g. carot'icum, a small ganglionic swelling on filaments
gamm'acism [G. gamma, T, y, the equivalent of the
from the internal carotid plexus, lying on the under
letter g.] Inability to pronounce correctly sylla-
surface of the carotid a tery.
bles containing the letter g. g. cervica'le infe'rius fBNA], inferior cervical g., a
gam'ont [G. gamos, marriage, -|- o»(o«i-), being.] sympathetic trunk g., lying behind the subclavian
One of the sexual forms occurring in the life- artery near the origin of the vertebral, at the level of
cycle of certain protozoans. the seventh cervical vertebra, close to the first thoracic
gamopet'alous [G. gamos, marriage, petalon,+ g. with which it is sometimes blended.
g. cervica'le me'dium fBNA], middle cervical g., a
petal.] Monopelatous, sympetalous, noting a
sympathetic g., of small size and sometimes absent, at
flower the petals of which ar united. .-

the level of the sixth or seventh cervical vertebra over

gamophagia (gam-o-fa'ji-ah) [G. gamos, marriage, the inferior thyroid artery where it crosses behind the
+ phago, I eat.] Gametophagia. carotid sheath.
gamophyll'ous [G. gamos, marriage, -1- phyllon, g. cervica'le supe'rius [BNA], superior cervical gan-
leaf.] Noting a flower, all the parts of the glion, the uppermost and largest of the ganglia of the
sympathetic trunk, lying near the base of the skull be-
perianth of which are united.
tween the internal carotid artery and the internal
gamosep'alous [G. gamos, marriage, +
L. sepalum,
jugular vein; it gives off the jugular, internal and ex-
sepal.] Monosepalous, synsepalous, noting a ternal carotid, and superior cardiac nerves, rami
flower, the sepals of which are united. communicantes to the first three or four cervical
Gangi's reaction (gan'je). The suspected fluid nerves and to the hypoglossal, and laryngopharyngeal
poured into a test-tube containing
(4 or 5 o.c.) is rami to the pharyngeal plexus.
g. cilla're [BNA], ciliary g., lenticular or ophthalmic
3 or 4 o.c. of hydrochloric acid; if the fluid is an
g., a small g. in the orbit between the optic nerve and
exudate a white caseous ring forms at the plane the external rectus muscle, having three roots: a long
of contact and the serous fluid is gradually con- root (sensory) from the nasociliaris, a short root
verted into a thick shiny white or greenish mass; (motor) .from the inferior ramus of the oculomotor,
in the case of a transudate (non-inflammatory) and a sympathetic root; it gives origin to the short
only a thin white disc forms at the plane of ciliary nerves which supply the coats of the eyeball,
contact. the cUiary muscles, and the iris.
g. coccyge'um, coccygeal g. impar, the lower
ganglia (gang'gle-ah). Plural of ganglion. g.,
terminal, unpaired g. of the sympathetic trunk; it is
ganglial (gang'gll-al). Ganglionic, relating to a
not always present.
ganglion. g. coeli'acum [BNA], celiac g., semilunar g., solar
gangUate, gangliated (gang'glJ-at, gang'gll-a-ted). g., one of two large sympathetic ganglia lying on
Ganglionated, having ganglia. either side of the aorta at the level of origin of the
gangliec'tomy [G. ganglion + ektome, excision.] celiac artery.
Excision of a ganglion. g. Gass'eri, g. semilunare.
GANGLION 394 GANGRENE
g. gen c'uli [BNA], g. of the knee of the facial nerve» cochlear branch of the auditory nerve in the spiral
geniculate g., intumescentia ganglioformis, an oval canal of the modiolus; from it fibers pass out between
swelling on the facial nerve at the geniculum where it the layers of the lamina spiralis ossea to the organ of
is joined by fibers from the vestibular trunk of the Corti.
auditory nerve; from it arise the greater superficial g. splanch'nicum [BNA], splanchnic g., a ganglion not
petrosal nerve which forms the motor root of the infrequently present in the course of the greater
sphenopalatine ganglion, and a minute branch which splanchnic nerve.
joins the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal to g. stella'tum, stellate g., the first g. thoracale.
form the smaller superficial petrosal nerve. g. submaxiUa're[BNA], submaxillary g., asmall g. on
g. haben'uls* nucleus habenulae. the hyoglossus muscle suspendedfromthelingual nerve;
g. hepat^icum, a nerve g. encircling the hepatic its sensory root is derived from the lingual, its motor
artery, root from! the chorda tympani, and its sympathetic
g.im'par [L. unpaired], g. coccygeum. root from the plexus on the facial artery; branches
go to the submaxillary and sublingual glands and the
g. interpeduncula're [BNA], interpeduncular g., a
submaxillary (Wharton's) duct.
small collection of cells on the ventral aspect of the
g. BUpe'rius [BNA], upper g., jugular g., an enlarge-
tegmentum in the lower part of the substantia perfor-
ata posterior.
ment of small size on the glossopharyngeal nerve in
the jugular foramen; it is not constant and may be
g. intervertebra'le, g, spinale.
fused with the petrous g. ; it gives out no branches.
g. jugula're [BNA], jugular g., g. of the root of the
g. thoraca'le [BNA], thoracic g., one of eleven or
vagus, a small enlargement on the vagus in the jugular
twelve ganglia on either side, at the level of the head of
foramen, from which arise twp branches, meningeal
each rib, constituting with the connecting nerve-cords
and auricular; the g. jugulare of the older nomen-
the thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk.
clature is g. superius [BNA],
g. thorac'icum pri'mum, g. cervicale inferius.
g. lenticula're lenticular g., g. ciliare [BNA].
g. trun'ci sympath'ici [BNA], gangUon of the sym-
g. lumba'le [BNA], lumbar g., one of four or more
pathetic trunk, see systema nervorum sympathicum.
ganglia on the inner border of the psoas major
g. vestibula're [BNA]., vestibular g., a collection of
muscle on either side, forming with the sacral and
nerve-cells forming a swelling on the nervus vestibuli
coccygeal gangia, and their connecting cords, the
in the internal acoustic meatus.
abdominopelvic sympathetic trunk.
perios'teal g., serous abscess. *
g. mazilla're, g. submaxillare.
sim^ple g., a circumscribed collection of fluid in a
g. mesenter'icum supe'^rius [BNA], superior mesen-
tendon sheath, frequently located on the dorsal
teric g., an unpaired sympathetic g., lying at the point
suiface of the wrist.
of origin of the superior mesenteric artery, entering
into the formation of the celiac plexus.
sphenopalatinum.
g. nasa'le, g. gangUonated (gang'gll-on-a-ted). Gangliate.
g. nodo'sum BNA], nodose (knotty) g., g. of the
[ ganglion-cell. Nerve-cell.*
tiunk of the vagus, a large g, of the vagus, just ganglion-corpuscle (gang"gH-on-kor'pus-l). Nerve-
below the g. jugulare, at the level of the transverse cell.*
processes of the first and second cervical vertebrae it ;
ganglionervous system (gang"glI-o-nur'vus sis' tern).
gives out a pharyngeal branch and the superior
laryngeal nerve. Sympathetic nervous system.
g. ophthal'micum, ophthalmic g., g. ciliare [BNA]. ganglioneure (gang'gll-o-nur) [G. ganglion + neu-
g. o'ticum [BNA], otic g., g. of Arnold, a g. situated ron, nerve.] A cell of a nerve-ganglion.
just below the foramen ovale beneath the mandbular ganglioneuroma, pi. ganglioneuro'mata, ganglio-
nerve; its motor root comes from the pterygoideus neuro'mas (gang-gll-o-nu-ro'mah). true neu- A
intemus, its sensoiy is the lesser superficial petrosal roma composed in part of, or contain ng numer-
nerve, and its sympathetic comes from the plexus on
ous, nerve-cells of the type found in the sympa-
the middle meningeal artery it givespff three communi-
;
thetic ganglia.
cating branches to the Vidian, auriculotemporal, and
chorda tympani nerves, and motor nerves to the tensor ganglionic (gang-gll-on'ik). Relating to a ganglion
tympani and the tensor palati muscles. in any sense.
g. petro'sum [BNA], petrous g., petrosal g., g. of ganglionitis (gang-gll-on-i'(e')tis). i. Inflamma-
Andersch, a small enlargement on the glossopharyngeal tion of alymphatic ganglion, lymphadenitis, a.
nerve in the jugular foramen below the g. superius; its Inflammation of a nerve-ganglion.
chief branch is the tympanic of Jacobson's nerve.
Gangolphe*s sign (gahn-golf) [Louis Gangolphe
g. phren'icum [BNA], phrenic g., one of several small
ganglia contained in the ph enic plexuses of the sym-
French surgeon, contemporary.] In internal
pathetic. strangulation of the intestine, there is a sero-
g. plex'uum sympathico'rum [BNA], ganglia of sanguinolent effusion, shown by flatness on per-
the sympathetic plexuses; see systema nervorum cussion in the loins or felt on rectal examina-
sympathicum. tion.
g. sacra'le [BNA], sacral g., one of three or four gan- gango'sa [Sp. gangoso, snuffling; fern, to agree with
glia on either side constituting, with the g. impar and the
enfermedad, disease.] Rhinopharyngitis muti-
^
connecting cords, the pelvic portion of the sympathetic
lans.
trunk.
g. semiluna're^ (i) [BNA] semilunarGasserian g.,
g.,
gangrene (gang'grSn) [G. gangraina.] A form of
a flat expansion on the sensory root of the trigeminal necrosis combined with putrefaction; mortifica-
nerve, at the apex of the petrous porfon of the tem- tion, angioneurotic g., neurotic g. angioscler-
poral bone; from it proceed the ophthalmic, maxillary, ot'ic g., dry g. due to sclerotic changes in the ves-
and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve; (2) sels, as seen conspicuously in senile g. cold g.,
g. cceliacum [BNA].
dry g., neurotic g., or any form not preceded by
g. sola're, g. coeliacum.
Bphenopalatl'num [BNA], sphenopalatine g., inflammation, decu'bital g., bedsore, diabet'ic
g.
Meckel's g., a small ganglion in the upper part of the g., moist g. occurring in cases of advanced dia-
pterygopalatine (sphenomaxillary) fossa; its sensory betes, dissexn'inated cuta'neous g., rupia escha-
roots are the sphenopa'atine nerves from the maxillary, rotica. dry g., a form of gangrene in which the
its motor and sympathetic roots are joined together necrosed part is dried up and shrivelled mummi- ;

in the Vidian nerve; the ganglion gives off nerves to the fication, embolic g., g. occurring in consequence
nose, palate, and orbit.
of the plugging of the main artery of the part.
g. spina'le [BNA], spinal g., a collection of unipolar
nerve-cells on- the posterior (sensory) root of each of
emphysem'atous g., gaseous g., a. form in which
the spinal nerves, the subcutaneous tissues are permeated with
g. spira'le coch'leee [BNA], spiral ganglion of the gas from putrefaction, crackling occurring on
cochlea, ganglion of Corti, an elongated ganglion on the palpation; see also gas phlegmon.* gas' ecus g.,
GANGRENE 39S GAS

emphysematous g. glyce'mic g., glyke'mic g., can still be felt by the examiner (negative test)
diabetic g. hos'pital g., tnoist g., due to infec- there is disease of the middle ear; normally they
tion of a wound with putrefactive bacteria, at cease to be heard and to be felt at the same time.
one time common in ill-kept and crowded hos- Garel's' sign [Jean Garel, French physician, '"1852.]
pitals; sloughing phagedena, hot g., g. follow- I When an electric bulb is placed in the mouth
.

ing inflammation of the part, hyster'ical g., the light is not perceived by the eye on the same
neurotic g. moist g., a form in which the side as an empyema or tumor of the antrum of
necrosed part is moist and soft, decomposition Highmore. 2. Dysphagia located in the ton-
occurring through the action of putrefactive sils and posterior fauces, if persistent for more
• bacteria, mul'tiple g., the occurrence of many than three weeks, is usually of syphilitic origin.
points of cutaneous g., as in gangrenous herpes, gaigareon (gar-gar'i-on) [G.] Uvula.
neurot'ic g,, spontaneous g. occurring in hyster- gar'garism [G. gargarisma.'] A gargle.
ical and neurotic subjects, nosoco'mial g., gargarisma (gar-gar-iz'ma) [G.] Gargarism, gar-
hospital g. prese'nile sponta'neous g., g. occur- gle, g. guai'aci compos'itum (N.F.), compound
ring in middle life as a result of thromboangiitis gargle of guaiac, compounded of ammoniated
obliterans, pri'mary g., g. caused by the direct tincture of guaiac 100, compound tincture of
action of bacteria in not previously necrotic cinchona 100, clarified honey 200, potassium
tissues, pul'py g., hospital g. sec'ondaiy g., chlorate 40, oil of peppermint 2, water to make
a condition in which putrefactive changes occur 1000.
consequent upon necrosis due to arterial obstruc- garget (gahr'get). i.A swelling in the throat in
tion or other cause, se'nile g., dry gangrene cattle. 2. An inflammation of the udder of a cow,
occurring in the aged in consequence of occlusion due to injury or to distention with milk.
of the nutrient artery of the part; it aflEects gargle (gahr'gl) [L. gorgM/«o, the throat.] 1. To rinse
especially the extremities, sponta'neous g., the fauces by taking fluid in the mouth and forcing
neiirotic g. stat'ic g., venous g., moist g. due to the expired breath through it while the head is
obstruction in the return circulation, symmet'- held far back. ^. A medicated fluid used for

lical g., g. of corresponding parts on the two sides gargling; a throat-wash.

of the body: it occurs most commonly in Ray- Gariel's pes'saty (ga.-re-el') [Maurice Gariel, Paris
naud's''= disease, thrombot'ic g., g. due to physician, 1812— 1878.] A hollow rubber pessary
plugging of the main artery by a thrombus. which can be inflated, occurring in the form of
troph'ic g., g. due to disorder of the trophic (i) a ring or (2) a pear.
nerves of the part; neurotic g. ve'nous g., Gar'land's curve [George Minott Garland, American
static g. white g., death of a part accompanied physician, *i848.] Damoiseau's* curve.
by the formation of grayish white sloughs. gar'lic. Allium.
Gar'rod's finger-pads [Sir Alfred Baring Garrod,
bone, necrosteon, necrosteosis. cheek, noma, cancer London physician, 1819-1907.] Split-pea sized
aquaticus, cancrum oris, dry, mummification, leuco- swellings on the interphalangeal knuckles,
necrosis, necrosis ustilaginea (from ergot), hospital,
phagedena nosocomialis, phagedena gangraenosa. occurring in the early stages of Dupuytren's*
liver, hepatocace, hepatonecrosis. lung, necropneu- contraction. G.'s test, two or three threads
monia, pneumocace, pneumonocace. moist, spha- are placed in a vessel containing blood-serum
celus, mouth, noma, cancer aquaticus, cancrum oris,
ulitis septica. skin, necrodermatitis, necrodermitis, acidulated with acetic acid, and the vessel is
sphaceloderma, dermatitis gangraenosa, ^ decubitus put aside in a cool place where decomposition
(bed-sore), ecthyma ^ngrgenosum. spreading, phage-
will not set in, and allowed to evaporate to about
dena, symmetrical, Raynaud's disease, tendency to,
necropathy. vtUva, noma, white, leuconecrosis. half its volume; the threads are then washed in
water to remove any phosphate deposit and
gan'grenous. Relating to or affected with gan- examined under the microscope; in the case of
grene ; mortified. gouty serum and in some other conditions,
Gan'ser's symp'tom [Sigbert Joseph Maria Ganger, crystals of uric acid will be seen.
German psychiatrist, *i8S3.] Symptom of garr'ot [Fr. garroier, to tie fast.]A form of tourni-
approximate answers; while the answers are quet for arresting the flow of blood in a. limb by
apparently incorrect, yet analysis will show that compression with a tight bandage.
they really have some relation to the matter garrulity (gS-ru'li-tl) [L. garrulitas.'] Loquacity,
embraced in the question. G.'s syn'drome, talkativeness, g. of the vul'va, the noisy expul-
acute hallucinatory mania, a symptom complex, sion of gas from the vagina.
usually hysterical in origin, of amnesia, dis- Garr'ya [Garry, an employee of the Hud-
turbances of consciousness, hallucinations, and son Bay Company, nineteenth century.] A
physical disorders of various kinds. genus of evergreen shrubs. G. fremont'ii, fever-
gar'antose. Saccharin. bush, a shrub of California the leaves of which
Gaicin'^ [Laurent Garcin, French botanist, *i752.] have tonic and antiperiodic properties; dose
A genus of trees, of the natural order Gutiifem, a njio—30 (o . 6—2 o) of a fluidextract.
.

species of which, C
hanbu'rii, furnishes gam- Gait'ner's cyst [Herman Treschow Gartner, Danish
anatomist, 1785-1827.] A cystic tumor arising
bogia.*
Garde'nia [Alexander Garden, English botanist, bom from G.'s duct. G.'s duct, one of the tubules of
in South Carolina,, 1730-1791.] A genus of the epoophoron running parallel with the Fallo-
shrubs of the order Rubiacece. The fruits of pian tube, ductus"* epoophori longitudinalis.
G. fiori'da, G. grandiflo'ra, and G. radi'cans are gas [a word coined by Van Helmont, a Belgian
demtilcent and refrigerant, and furnish also a chemist of the seventeenth century.] A thin fluid,
yellow dye. like air, capable oi indefinite expansion, but
Gar'diner-Brown's test [Alfred Gardiner-Brown, usually convertible by compression and cold into
English otologist.] If the vibrations of a tuning- a liquid, asphyz'iating g., carbon monoxide
fork applied to the mastoid process are heard employed as a poisonous gas in warfare, hemo-
longer than they can be felt by the fingers lyt'ic g., a poisonous gas (arsine) used in warfare,
(positive test) there is disease of the middle ear; if inhalation of which causes hemolysis with
they cease to be heard by the patient while they hemoglobinuria, jaundice, gastroenteritis, and
GAS 396 GASTROCYSTIS

nephritis, laugh'ing g. [so called because its ness.] Pain in the stomach, occurring when the
inhalation sometimes excites an hilarious organ isempty and relieved by taking food.
delirium preceding insensibility], nitrous oxide, gastraneuria (gas-tran-u'ri-ah) [G. gaster(gastr-),
nitrogenii monoxidum, nitrogen* monoxide. stomach, -f a- priv. -t- neuron, nerve.] A loss of
marsh g., methane, mus'tard g., dichlorethyl energy in the nerve-supply of the stomach.
sulphide; a poisonous gas first used by the gastrasthe'nia [G. gaster(gastr-), belly (stomach), -I-
Germans in the world war; it causes intense astheneia, weakness.] Weakness of the muscular
irritation of the eyes, air passages, and skin, coat of the stomach or of the digestive function
followed by blistering and sloughing of the of the organ.
skin and bronchopneumonia, sew'er g., the gastrecta'sia, gastrec'tasis [G. gaster, belly (stomach);
emanation from a sewer, snee'zing g., sternu- -t- ektasis, extension.] Dilatation of the stomach.
tator, diphenylchlorarsine, a gas used in gastrec'tomy [G. gaster(gastr-), stomach, + ektome,
warfare which causes explosive cough and excision.] Excision of a part or all of the
sneezing, salivation, retrosternal pain, and stomach.
headache, sufi'ocating g., a gas employed in gas'tric. Relating to the stomach, g. fe'ver, acute
warfare which causes intense irritation of the gastritis, the digestive fluid secreted
g. juice,
bronchial tubes and lungs, resulting in pul- by the glands of the stomach it is a thin, colorless
;

monary edema; among gases so employed are liquid of acid reaction, containing chlorides,
chlorine, phosgen, diphosgen, and oxychlor- phosphates, hydrochloric acid, rennet, and a
carbon. tear g., acetone, benzene bromide, proteolytic enzyme, pepsin.
xylol, a gas used in warfare which causes gastricism (gas'trl-sizm). A disorder of the
irritation of the conjunctiva and profuse stomach.
lacrymation; called also lacrymator. ves'- gas'trine. A hormone formed at the pyloric ex-
icating g., mustard g. tremity of the stomach, the action of which is to
gas-em'bolism. Air-embolism. excite secretion of the glands at the cardiac end
gas'eous. Of the nature of gas. of this organ.
gas'ifonn. Gaseous.''' gastritis (gas-tri'(tre')tis) [G. gaster (,gastr-), belly, -t-

gas'ing. Poisoning by irrespirable gases, espe- -itisl\ Inflammation of the stomach, atroph'ic
cially as employed in the European war of g., chronic g. with atrophy of the mucous mem-
1914 and following years. brane and more or less destruction of the peptic
Gas'kell's bridge [Walter Holbrook Gaskell, English glands, catar'rhal g., g. with excessive secretion
physiologist, 1847—1914.] Atrioventricular of mucus, hypertroph'ic g., chronic g. with
bundle.* thickening of the mucous membrane and hyper-
gas'kin. The thigh of the horse; the part between plasia of the peptic glands, phleg'monous g.,
the stifle and hock joints. severe inflammation, chiefly of the submucous
gasometric (gas-o-met'rik). Relating to gaso- coat, with purulent infiltration of the wall of the
metry. g, analysis, the determination of the stomach, pol'ypous g., a form of chronic g., in
nature and relative proportion of the gases in a which there is irregular atrophy of the mucous
mixture. membrane with cystic degeneration giving rise to
gasom'etry [G. meiron, measure.] The measure- a knobby or polypous appearance of the surface.
ment of gases; the determination of the relative a fibrous thickening of the walls of
sclerot'ic g.,
proportion of gases in a mixture. the stomach with diminution in the capacity of
gas-phleg'mon. A cellulitis in which there is a the organ.
formation of gas in the subcutaneous tissues gastroadynamic (gas"tro-ad-i-nam'ik). Noting a
gangrenous emphysema; see also under phleg- weakness of the gastric function; relating to
mon. gastrasthenia.
gasserec'tomy \Gasserian ganglion, + "G. ekiome, gastroanastomosis (gas"tro-an-as-to-mo'sis). The
excision.] Excision of the Gasserian ganglion, formation of an artificial communication between
or ganglion* semilunare. the cardiac and pyloric extremities of the stom-
Gasse'rian. Relating to Johann Laurcntius Gas- ach, in cases of nearly impermeable hour-glass con-
ser, German surgeon (1505-1577), noting the traction of that organ.
G. ganglion, ganglion* semilunare. gastrobro'sia [G. gaster{gastr-), stomach, brosis, +
Gastein or Wildbad-Gastein, Austria (vilt'baht- corrosion.] Perforation of the stomach.
gah'stin). Very feebly mineralized waters gastrocele (gas'tro-sel) [G. gaster{gastr-), belly,
with radioactive properties, 80° F. to 120° F. (stomach), -1- kele, hernia.] Hernia of a portion
Numerous springs. Used by drinking but of the stomach.
chiefly by bathing in affections of the nervous gastrocnemius (gas-trok-ne'mi-us) [G. gaster-
system, paralysis, gout, rheumatism, convales- igastr-), belly,+ kneme, leg.] One of the calf
cence, neuralgia, hysteria, hypochondriasis, neur- muscles; see under musculus.
asthenia, insomnia, impotence, weak digestion, gastrocol'ic. Relating to the stomach and the
and diseases of women. May i to September 30. colon, g. omen'tum, the epiploon, or omentum*
gasteran"giemphrax'is [G. gaster, belly (stomach), -(- majus.
angeion, vessel, -t- emphraxis, obstruction.] gastrocolitls (gas-tro-ko-li'(le')tis). Inflammation
Obstruction to the circulation in the blood- of both stomach and colon.
vessels of the stomach. gastrocolos'tomy [G. gaster, stomach, + kolon,
gasterhysterot'omy [G. gaster, belly, -t- hyslera, colon, + stoma, mouth.] The formation of a
uterus, -1- tome, incision.] Cesarean* section. communication between stomach and colon.
gastradenitis {gas-tra-den-i'(e')tis) [G. gaster, stom- gastrocolot'omy [G. gaster, stomach, + kolon, colon,
ach,+ aden, gland, + -itis.'] Inflammation of -t- tome, incision.] Incision into stomach and
the glands of the stomach. colon gastrocolostomy.
;

gastral'gia [G. gasier(gastr-), belly (stomach), -1- gastrocolpot'omy [G gaster, belly, -f- kolpos, sinus
atgos, pain.] Gastrodynia, stomachache. (vagina).] Gastroelytrotomy.
gastralgocenosis (gas-tral"go-sen-o'sis) [G. gaster- gastrocys'tis [L. gaster, belly, -I- kystis, bladder.]
{gastr-), belly, + algos, pain, -1- kenosis, empti- Blastodermic vesicle, blastocyst.*
 ,

GASTRODIAPHANE 397 GASTROMELUS

gastrodiaphane (gas-tro-di'ah-fan) [G. gaster, stom- gastroesophageal (gas-tro-e-s6-faj'e-al). Relating

ach, + dia, throiigh, + phane, a light.] A small to both stomach and esophagus.
electric-light bulb passed through aa esophageal gastrofaradization (gas-tro-f S,-ra,-di-za'shun) The .

tube into the stomach. application of a faradic current to the abdomen,

gas"tTodiaphano5'copy [G. gaster, stomach, + dia, or to the stomach.
through, + phane, light, + skopeo, I view.] gastrogalvaniza'tion. The application of a galvanic
Gastrodiaphany. current to the abdomen, or to the stomach.
gastrodiaphany (gas-tro-di-af a-nl) [G. gaster, stom- gas"trogastros'tomy [G. gaster, stomach, -t- stoma
ach, + dia, through, -f phane, light.] Examina- mouth.] Gastroanastomosis.
tion of the anterior wall of the stomach by means gas'trograph [G. gasier{gastr-), stomach, + graphe,
of the lights and shadows cast by a gastrodia- a writing.] An instrument for recording graph-
phane. ically the movements of the stomach.
gastrodidjnnus (gas-tro-did'i-mus) [G. gaster, belly, gastrohelco'sis [G. gaster (gastr-), stomach, -i- hel-
+ didymos, twin.] A twin monster united at the kosis, ulceration.] Ulceration of the stomach.
abdomen which is common to both twins. gas"trohepat'ic [G. gaster(gastr-), stomach, -I- hepar
gas'trodisc. Germinal* disc. (hepat-), liver.] Relating to the stomach and
Gastrodis'cus hom'inis [G. gaster, stomach, + diskos, the liver, g. omen'tum, omentum* minus.
disc; L. homo, gen. hominis, man.] Amphisto- gastrohydrorrhea (gas"tro-hi"dro-re'ah) [G. gaster,
mum
hominis, an intestinal fluke, rarely found in stomach, -|- hydor, water, + rhoia, a flow. An
man, of uncertain pathogenicity. excretion into the stomach of a large amount of
gastroduodenal (gas-tro-du-od'e-nal). Relating to watery fluid containing neither hydrochloric
the stomach and duodenum. acid nor rennet nor pepsin ferments.
gastroduodenitis (gas-tro-du-o-de-ni'(ne')tis). In -gas"trohysterec'tomy [G. gaster(gastr-), belly, -h
flammation of the stomach and duodenum. hystera, uterus, -t- ektome, excision.] Removal
gastroduodenostomy (gas"tro-du"o-de-nos'to-mI) [G. of the uterus through an incision in the abdominal
gaster{gastr-), stomach, L. duodenum+ G. + wall ; abdominohysterectomy, laparohysterec-
stoma, mouth.] Operative establishment of a com- tomy, celiohysterectomy.
munication, other than the natural one, between gastrohys'teropexy [G. gaster, belly, -I- hystera,
the stomach and the duodenum. uterus, -H. pexis, fixation.] Ventrofixation of the
gastrodynia (gas-tro-din'i-ah) [G. gaster(gastr-) uterus, laparohysteropexy.
belly (stomach), -J- odyne, pain.] Gastralgia, gas"trohys"teror'rhaphy [G. gaster(gastr-), stomach,
stomachache. + hystera, uterus, + rhaphe, a. stitching.] Gas-
gastroelytrotomy (gas-tro-el-e-trot'o-mi) [G. gaster trohysteropexy.
{gastr-), stomach, + elytron, vagina, + tome, gastrohysterot'omy [G. gaster{gastr-), belly, -I-

incision.] Gastrocolpotomy, incision through ^

hystera, uterus, -f- tome, incision.] Incision into
the abdominal wall into the vagina. the uterus through the abdominal wall, as in
gas"troenter'ic [G. gaster, stomach, + enteron, cesarean section; abdominohysterotomy, celio-
intestine.] Relating to both stomach and hysterotomy, laparohysterotomy.
intestine. gastrointestinal (gas"tro-in-tes'ti-nal) [G. gaster
gastroenteritis (gas-tro-en-ter-i'(e')tis) [G. gaster] {gastr-), stomach, + L. intestinum.] Gastro-
belly (stomach), +
enteron, intestine, + -itis.. enteric.
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of both gastrojejunostomy (gas"tro-je-ju-nos'to-mI) [G.
stomach and intestine. stoma, mouth.] Gastronesteostomy, establish-
gastroenteroanastomosis (gas"tro-en"ter-o-an-as-to- ment of a direct communication between the
mo'sis). An opening between the stom-
artificial stomach and the jejunum.
ach and some non-continuous portion of the intes- gastrokinesograph (gas"tro-ki-nes'o-graf) [G. gaster
tine. (gastr-), stomach, -h kinesis, motion, -j- graphe, a.
gas"troen"terocolos'tomy. The operative formation writing.] Gastrograph.
of direct communication between the stomach gastrolavage (gas-tro-lS-vazh'). Lavage of the
and the large and small intestines. stomach.
gastroenterol'ogist. A
specialist in diseases of the gastrolienal (gas-tro-li'e-nal) [G. gaster, stomach, +
stomach and intestine. L. lien, spleen.] Gastrosplenic. g. lig'ament, see
gastroenterology (gas-tro-en-ter-ol'o-ji) [G. gasier- under ligament.
(gasir-), stomach, -I- enteron, intestine, -logia.] + gas'trolith [G. gaster (gastr), stomach, lithos,+
The branch of medical science which has to do stone.] A
concretion in the stomach, a gastric
with the stomach and intestine and their diseases. calculus.
gastroenteroplasty (gas-tro-en'ter-o-plas-ti) [G. gas- gastrolithi'asis. The presence of one or more
ter, stomach, -I- enteron, intestine, + plasso, I calculi in the stomach, with the symptoms
form.] Operative repair of defects in the stomach associated therewith.
and intestine. gastrol'ogist. A
specialist in diseases of the stom-
gas"troenteropto'sia [G. gaster, stomach, + enteron, ach.
intestine,4- ptosis, a falling.] Downward dis- gastrol'ogy. The branch of medical science which
'
placement of the stomach and a portion of the has to do with the stomach and its diseases.
intestine. gastrol'ysis [G. gaster(gastr-), stomach, -I- lysis,
gastroenterostomy (gas-tro-en-ter-os'to-mJ) [G. gas- loosening.] Separation of perigastric adhesions.
ter, stomach, -I- enteron, intestine, + stoma, gastromalacia (gas-tro-mal-a'sl-ah) [G. gaster(gastr-),
mouth.] Establishment of an artificial opening stomach, 4- malakia, softness.] Softening of the
between the stomach and the intestine. walls of the stomach.
gastroenterotomy (gas-tro-en-ter-ot'o-ml) [G. gaster, gastromeg'aly [G. gaster(gastr-) belly, (stomach), -f
stomach, + enteron, intestine, + tome, incision.] megas (megal-), large.] ±. Enlargement of the
Section into both stomach and intestine; gastro- abdomen. 2. Enlargement of the stomach.
enterostomy. gastrom'elus [G. gaster, belly, -I- melos, a limb.] A
gas"troepiplo'ic. Relating to the stomach and the monster having a supernumerary limb attached
greater omentum. to the abdomen.
GASTROMENIA 398 GASTROTHORACOPAGUS

gastTome'nia [G. gasier, stomach, + men, month.] trumpet, + tome, incision.] Incision into the
Gastric hemorrhage occurring as a form of vi- Fallopian tube after an abdominal section.
carious menstruation. gas'trosan. Trade name of a white insoluble pow-
gastromyco'sis [G. gasier, stomach, + mykes, ftingus.] der said to be the bisalicylate of bismuth recom- ;

A fungous growth in the stomach. mended in cases of atony, of the stomach with
gastiomyxorrhea, gastromyxorrhcea (gas"tro-miks- hypersecretion, in doses of gr. 12 (0.8).
or-re'ah) [G. gaster, stomach, + myxa, mucus, + gastroschisis (gas-tros'kl-sis) [G. gasier, belly, -I-

rhoia, a flow.] Excessive secretion of mucus in schisis, a A

congenital fissure in the
fissure.]
the stomach. abdominal wall, usually with protrusion of the
gastronesteostomy (gas"tro-ne-ste-os'to-mI) [G. gas- viscera.
ier, stomach, + nestis, jejunum, + stoma, mouth.] gas'troscope [G; gaster, belly, stomach, -t- skoped, I
Establishment of a direct communication between examine.] A
device for inspecting the interior
the stomach and jejunum; gastrojejunostomy. of the stomach.
gastroparal'ysis. Paralysis of the muscular coat of gastroscop'ic. Relating to gastroscopy.
the stomach. gastros'copy. Examination of the abdomen or of
gas"troparasi'tus [G. gaster, belly, + parasiios, the stomach.
parasite.] A
twin monster in which the incom- gastro'sis. A disorder of the stomach, gastropathy.
plete parasite is attached to, or within, the abdo- gas'trospasm. Spasmodic contraction of the walls
men of the autosite. of the stomach.
gastropath'ic. Relating to a disease of the stomach. gastrosplen'ic [G. gaster, stomach +
splen, spleen.]
gastrop'athy [G. gasier, stomach, +
pathos, suffer- Relating to the stomach and the spleen, g. lig'-
ing.] Any disease of the stomach. ament, g. omen'tum, ligamentum gastrolienale
gastroperiodynia (gas"tro-per-i-o-din'I-ah) [G. gaster, [BNA].
stomach, -I- periodos, period, -I- odyne, pain.] gastrostax'is [G. gaster, stomach, +
siaxis, trickling.]
Periodically recurring pain in the stomach. Oozing of blood from the mucous membrane of
gas'tropexy [G. gasier, stomach, -\- pexis, fixation.] the stomach.
Attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall gastrostenosis (gas"tro-sten-o'sis) {gaster, stomach,
to prevent prolapse. +
stenosis, narrowing.] Diminution in size of the
gastrophore (gas'tro-for) [G. gaster, stomach, + cavity of the stomach.
phoros, a bearer.] An appliance for holding the gastros'tomize. To establish a gastric fistula.
stomach firmly during an operation upon that gastrostomo'sis. Gastrostomy.
organ. gastrostomy (gas-tros'to-mi) [G. gasier, stomach,
gas"trophren'ic [G. gaster, stomach, + phren, dia- -I- stoma, mouth.] The establishment of an
phragm.] Relating to the stomach and the dia- artificial opening into the stomach.
phragm, g. lig'ament, a peritoneal fold between gastrosuccorrhea, gastrosuccorrhoea (gas"tro-suk-or-
the diaphragm and the cardiac end of the re'ah) G. gaster, stomach, -I- L. succus, juice, -I-
stomach. G. rhoia, a flow.] Excessive secretion of the gas-
gastrophthisis ,
(gas"trof-thi'(the')sis) [G. gaster, tric juice, Reichmann's disease, g. muco'sa, gas-
belly, + a wasting disease.] Emaciation
phthisis, tromyxorrhea.
and weakness due to an abdominal disorder. gastrothoracodymus (gas"tro-tho-ra-kod'i-mus) [G.
gas'troplasty [G. gasier, stomach, -I- plasso, I form.] gaster, belly, + thorax, chest, + didymos, twin.]
Operative treatment of a defect of any kind in Gastrothoracopagus.
the stomach, such as an hourglass contraction.
gastrople'gia [G. gaster, belly (stomach), -I- plege,
stroke.] Acute dilatation of the stomach.
gastroplica'tion [G. gasier^gastr-), stomach, L. +
plicare, to fold.] Gastroptyxis.
gastropneiunonic (gas"tro-nu-mon'ik) [G. gaster,
stomach, + pneumon, lungs.] Relating to the
stomach and the lungs.
gastropto'sia, gastropto'sis [G. gasier, stomach, -t-
ptosis, a falling.] Downward displacement of the
stomach.
gastroptyxis (gas-trop-tiks'is) [G. gaster, stomach,
-f- ptyxis, a fold.] An operation for reducing
the size of the stomach by making a longitudinal
fold with the peritoneal surfaces in apposition;
gastroplication, gastrorrhaphy. stomach-reefing.
gastropul'monaiy [G. gaster, stomach, -I- L. pulm o
Itmg.] Gastropneumonic, pneumogastrio.
gas"tropylorec'tomy. Pylorectomy.
gastropyloric (gas"tro-pi-lor'ik). Relating to the
stomach as a whole and to the pylorus.
gastrorrha'gia [G. gaster(gasir-), belly, + -rhagia.'] gastrothoracopagus dlpygus, dipygus
Parasiticus.
Hemorrhage from the stomach.
gastror'rhaphy [G. gastlr, belly, stomach, -f rhaphe,
a stitching.] 1. Suture of a perforation of the gastrothoracopagus (gas"tro-tho-ra-kop'a-gus) [G.
stomach. 2. Gastroptyxis, gastroplication. 3. gaster, belly, + thorax, chest, 4- pagos, joined.] A
Suture of a wound in the abdominal wall. twin monster joined at thorax and abdomen, g.
gastrorrhea, gastrorrhcea (gas-tror-re'ah) [G. gaster, dipy'gus, an unequal twin monster, the parasite,
stomach, -t- rhoia, a flow.] Excessive secretion consisting of pelvis and lower extremities only, or
of gastric juice, gastrosuccorrhea, or of mucus, gas- occasionally arms as well, being attached to the
iromyxorrhea, by the stomach. lower part of the thorax and abdomen of the auto-
eas"trosalpinKOt'oniy fG. eastSr, belly, -I- salpinx. site; dipygus parasiticus.
 ;

GASTROTOME 399 GEL

gas'trotome [G. gaster, stomach, + tome, incision.] gaul'therin. A glucoside, C^HuOj + H^O, from the
A knife for incising the stomach. bark of several species of Betula, birch; it occurs
gastrot'omy [G. gaster, stomach, + tome, incision.] in colorless soluble needles, yielding methyl
Incision into the stomach, salicylate on decomposition.
gastrotox'ic. Poisonous or toxic in relation to the gaulther'olin. Synthetic methyl salicylate, or oil
mucous membrane of the stomach, g. serum, a of wintergreen.
serum prepared by injecting an emulsion of the gauze (gawz) [Fr. A thin, loose-meshed
gase.']
gastric cells of one animal into another animal,
cloth, employedbandages or wound dressings,
in
the blood-serum of the injected animal becoming when sterilized or impregnated with antiseptics.
poisonous to the gastric mucous membrane of the
gavage (gS-vazh') [Fr. gaver, to gorge fowls.] Feed-
species of animal from which the cells were
ing by the stomach- tube.
obtained.
Gavard's mus'cle (ga-var*) [Hyacinthe Gavard,
gastrotox'in. A cytotoxin specific for the cells of
the mucous membrane of the stomach.
French anatomist, 1753-1802.] Oblique fibers
in the muscular coat of the stomach.
gastrotrachelotomy (gas-tro-trak-el-ot'o-ml) [G. gas-
ter, belly, + trachelos, neck, + tome, incision.]
Gawalowski's test (gav-al-ov'ske). For sugar in the
Abdominal section with incision into the cervical urine: the presence of sugar is indicated by a
portion of the pregnant uterus; a method of blue color on adding ammoniuni molybdate.to the
cesarean section. urine and heating to the boiling point.
gastrotubotomy (gas"tro-tu-bot'o-mI) [G. gaster, Gayet's disease' (ga-ya') [Prudent Gayet, French
belly, + L. tuba, trumpet, +
G. tome, incision.] army surgeon, contemporary.] A disease very
Gastrosalpingotomy. similar to the sleeping sickness.
gastrotympanites (gas-tro-tim-pan-i'(e')tez) [G. gas- gayle (gal), i. Puerperal septicemia in sheep. 2. A
ter, stomach, + L. tympanum, drum, + G. skin lesion of the hand, one-half to one inch in
-ites.] Distention of the stomach with gas. diameter, of a grayish blue color surrounded by a
gastrozia (gas-troks'i-ah) [G. gaster, stomach, + reddish areola, accompanied by swelling of the
oxys, acid.] Excessive acidity of the gastric hand and enlargement of the axillary glands; it
juice, ga.stroxynsis. occurs in those who have handled the bodies of
gastrozynsis (gas-trok-sin'sis) [G. gaster{gastr-), sheep dead of gayle. The specific microorganism
stomach, + oxyno, I make acid.] Intermittent of g. has been called by Klein, Staphylococcus
hyperchlorhydria. htsmorrhagicus.
gas'trula [L. dim. of G. gaster, belly.] The embryo Gay'lord and Gulick Min'eral Springs, Pennsylvania.
in the stage of development following the Sulphated-acid-chalybeate waters. Contain
blastula, consisting of a. sac with double wall. appreciable quantities of manganese, nickel, and
endoderm and ectoderm, the cavity being the cobalt. Two springs. Used by drinking and
archenteron. See cut in the next column. locally in anemia, dyspepsia, intestinal disorders,
and general debility. The astringent and
stimulant effects are utilized locally by spray,
gargle, douche, and lotion.
Gay-Lussac's law (ga-lii-sak') [Louis Joseph Gay-
Lussac, Parisian chemist, 1 778-1850.] All gases
expand equally on heating, namely for every
degree centigrade ^}j of their volume at 0°, and
they contract m
the same measure on cooling.
Gd. Chemical symbol of gadolinium.,
Ge. Chemical symbol of germanium.
Gegenbauer's cells (ga'gen-bow-er) [Carl Gegenbauer,
German anatomist, 1826—1903.] Osteoblasts.
Geigel's re'flex (gi'gel) [Richard Geigel, German
Blastula (i) and Gastbula (2) Stages of the Em- physician, *i859.] On gently stroking the inner
bryo. side of the thigh there is a contraction of the
muscular fibers at the upper edge of Poupart's
gastrula'tion. The invagination of the blastula ligament, the analogue in woman of the cremas-
wall, forming the gastrula. teric reflex.
gath'er. To suppurate, come to a head; said of a Geilnau, Germany (gll'now). Alkaline waters.
boil when maturating. Used as table water.
gath'ering. a. The formation of pus in a boil or Geissler test (gis'ler) [Ernst Geissler, German
abscess. 2. A circumscribed collection of pus, physician, nineteenth century.] For albumin
a boil, carbuncle, or abscess. in the urine: two bits of filter'paper, impregnated,
gat'ism [Fr. gdtisme.'] Incontinence of urine or feces. respectively, with citric acid and with a mixture
gatopho'bia [G. gatos, cat, + phobos, fear.] A mor- of corrosive sublimate and potassium iodide, are
bid dislike or fear of cats. dropped into the urine; albumin, if present, will
Gaucher's disease' (go-sha') [Philippe Charles be precipitated.
Ernest Gaucher, French physician, *i854.] A Geissler tubes (gis'ler) [Heinrich Geissler, German
form of splenomegaly in which a cross-section of mechanician, 1814-1879.] Tubes of various
the organ presents a reddish gray appearance shapes, made of thin glass and filled with very
with numerous scattered whitish streaks and attenuated gases, with two platinum electrodes
points composed of epithelial or endothelial cells sealed into the glass; see Crookes* tube.
the symptoms are those of splenic anemia. Geissler-Pluecker tubes (gJs'ler-pluk'er) . Geissler
gaultheria (gawl-the'ri-ah). Wintergreen, partridge tubes.
berry, the dried leaves of Gaultheria procumbens; gel (jel) [abbr. of gelatinized colloid.] i. The

it yields the official methyl salicylate (methylis coagulum of a sol, as when alum or mercuric
salicylas), formerly called oleum gaultherise or chloride is added to a gelatine hydrosol. 2. A
oil of wintergreen. solidified jelly-like colloid; a system of solid
GEL 400 GENERIIS

dispersion medium and liquid dispersed phase, virens, yellow jasmine; employed as a sedativ<
i.e. a jelly. and antispasmodic in doses of gr. -J-i (o 03-0 06). .

gelanth, gelanthum (jel'anth, jel-an'thum) mix- A gelse'miumism. Chronic gelsemium poisoning.

ture of gelatin, tragacanth, thymol, and glycerin, gelsem'perin. A concentration product from Gel
employed as a vehicle for the application of drugs semiwm sempervirens, used in cerebral congestior
to the skin. and in the delirium of fever, in doses of gr. J-!
gelatin, gelatine (jel'a-tin) [L. gelaius, congealed.] (0.015-0.06).
Gelatinum, a derived protein formed from the Gay's su'ture (zha-le') [Jules Aristide GHy, Frencl
collagen of the tissues by boiling in water. Glue, surgeon, 1806-1861.] A cobbler's suture em.
size, and isinglass are forms of gelatin. It swells ployed in closing intestinal wounds.
up when put in cold water, but dissolves only in gemeU'us [L. dim. of geminus, a twin.] See unde]
hot water. It has been employed hypodermically musculus.
as a hemostatic and to promote coagulation in the geminate (jem'i-nat) [L. geminatus, double, paired.^
treatment of aneurysms, glyc'erinated g., gelati- Occurring in pairs, paired.
num glycerinatum. Japanese' g., agar-agar, nu'- gemina'tion [L. geminus, twin.] The developmenl
trient g., a culture medium consisting of bouillon of two teeth in a single sac, the follicle containing
with 10 per cent, of gelatin added, veg'etable g., twin germs.
a substance similar to or identical with gelatin, gem'inous. Relating to gemination, noting the
obtained from gluten. Wharton's g., Wharton's growth of two teeth, separate or fused, where
jelly, the mucoid tissue of the umbilical normally but one would develop.
cord. gemma(jem'ah) [L. bud.] Any bud-like or bulb,
gelatinif erous [gelatin + L. ferre, to bear.] Pro- body, especially a taste-bud or end-bulb.
like
ducing or containing gelatin. gemmation (jem-ma'shun) [L. gemma, a bud.] Bud-
gelatiniza'tion. Conversion into gelatin or a sub- ding, a form of fission in which the parent cell
stance resembling it. does not divide, but puts out a bud-like process
gelatinize (jel'a-tin-5z). i. To convert into gelatin. (daughter cell) of small size, containing its pro-
2. To become gelatinous. portion of chromatin, which then separates and
gelat'inoid [gelatin -f- G. eidos, resemblance.] i. begins an independent existence.
Resembling gelatin. 2. Gelatinous. gemmule (jem'ul) [L. gem-mula, dim. of gem.ma, bud.|
gelatinosa (jel-at"I-no'sah). Substantia* gelatinosa, 1. Micella. 2. A small bud which projects from
Rolando's substance. the parent cell, and finally becomes detached
gelat'inous. i. Relating to gelatin. ^. Jelly-like. forming a cell of a new generation. 3 One of a .

gelati'num [L. gelaius, frozen.] (U.S., Br.) Gela- number of minute spherical enlargements some-
tin prepared by the action of boiling water on times present on the dendrites of a nerve-cell.
various animal tissues, such as bones, liga- 4. Determinant.
ments, hoofs, horns, etc. used in pharmacy for
; gen [G. gennao, I produce.]
(jen) The agent oi
coating pills, making plasters, troches, capsules, hereditary transmission of characteristics gene. ;

etc.; employed in medicine as a hemostatic, gena (je'nah) [L.] Cheek, the side of the face.
locally applied or given hypodermically, and also genal (je'nal). Relating to the gena, or cheek.
in the treatment of aneurysm, g. chon'dri (N.F.), genatosan (jen'S-to-san) Trade name of a British
.

Irish moss gelatin, extracted from Irish moss, make of sanatogen.

used to make the mucilage of Irish moss which is gene (jen) [G. gennao, I produce.] The factor in
employed as a substitute for gum arable in mak- one or both of the gametes which determines a
ing emulsions, g. glycerina'tum (U.S.), glyc- certain character in the resulting zygote gen. ;

erinated glycerogelatin, glycerin jelly,

gelatin, geneogenous (je-ne^oj'en-us) [G. genea, birth, +
made of equal parts of gelatin and glycerin, a gennao,produce.] Of parental origin, noting an
I
firm mass liquefying at gentle heat; employed as infection acquired by the fetus in utero from the
a vehicle for suppositories and urethral bougies mother; congenital.
and for the glycerogelatina of the N.F. gen'era. Plural of genus.
gelation (jel-a'shun). In coUoidal chemistry, the gen'eral [L. geji«i(gener-), race, family.] Universal,
transformation of a sol into a gel. relating to a genus or large class; relating to the
geratol. Trade name of a mixture of gelatin, entire body, not local.
glycerin, oil, and water, used as a base for medi- gen'eralize. To render or to become general; to
cated ointments. become systemic, noting a primarily local
gel'atose. A hydrolytio product of gelatin. disease.
Gelle test (zhel-a') [Georges Gelll, Paris aurist, gen'erate [L. generare, to beget.] i. To produce.
*i863.] A vibrating tuning-fork is applied over 2. To procreate.

the mastoid process; if it is heard, the air in the genera'tion [L. generare, to beget.] i. Procreation,
external auditory canal is compressed, thereby reproduction. 2. Offspring, alter'nate g., a suc-
fixing the stapes in the oval window, and the cession of generations of individuals like and
sound ceases to be heard, but is again perceived unlike the original parents, or an alternation oi
if the air pressure is removed; a test of the sexual and non-sexual generations, asex'ual g.,
mobility of the ossicles. non-sex'ual g., reproduction byfission, gemmation,
gel'ose. The gelatinous constituent of agar-agar. or in any other way without union of the male
gelother'apy [G. gelds, laughter, -I- iherapeia, treat- and female cell, or conjugation; parthenogenesis
ment.] Treatment of certain morbid states by sex'ual g., reproduction by conjugation, or the
inducing hilarity. union of male and female cells, sponta'neous g.
gelsemine (jel'sfi-men). A crystallizable alkaloid the assumed origin of living matter de novo, oi
derived from gelsemium it has been employed as
; from the vitalization of non-living matter.
a mydriatic in a solution of gr. 8 in 5 1. gen'erative. Relating to generation.
gelsemlnine (jel-sem'I-nen). An amoi-phous alkaloid gener'ic. i. Relating to a genus. 2. General
derived from gelsemium. 3. Characteristic or distinctive.
gelsemium (jel-se'ml-um, gel-sem't-um). (U.S.) generin (jen'er-in). A supposed hormone whicl-
The rhizome and roots of Gelsemium semper- induces menstruation.
GENESIAL 401 GENU
gene'sial. Relating to generation. gen'itals. The organs of generation, the reproduc-
genesiology (jen-e-sl-ol'o-jl) [G. genesis, generation, tive organs.
+ -login. ] The branch of science which has to do gen"itocru'raI. Genitofemoral, noting the nervus
with generation or reproduction. genitocruralis, or nervus genitofemoralis [BNA].
gen'esis [G.] Generation, procreation, production,
genitofem'oral. Genitocrural, relating to the gen-
origin.
italia and the thigh, noting the nervus genito-
genet'ic. Relating to genesis, origin, or generation.
femoralis.
genetics (je-net'iks). The branch of science which
genitourinary (jen-l-to-u'ri-na-ri). Urogenital, re-
deals with natural development, as distinguished
lating to reproduction and to urination, noting
from eugenics, or the science of development
the organs concerned in these functions.
through artificial selection.
Gene'va Conven'tion. An international agreement ge'nius epidem'icus. The influence, atmospheric,
telluric, or cosmic, or the combination of any two
formed at meetings in Geneva, Switzerland, in
1864 and igo6, relating to the safeguarding of the or three, anciently regarded as the cause of
wounded in battle, of those having the care of epidemic and endemic diseases.
them, and of the buildings in which they are Gennari's band [jen-nah're) [Francisco Gennari,
being treated. The direct outcome of the first of Italian anatomist, eighteenth century.] The
these meetings was the establishment of the Red* outer reinforced portion of Baillarger's band,
Cross Society. especially in the region of the cuneus same as ;

Gene'va Lith'ia Spring, New York. Lithiated-alka- Vicq-d'Azyr's band.

line-saline-chalybeate waters. Used by drinking genotype (je'no-tip) [G. genos, race, generation, +
in rheumatism, gout, anemia, dyspepsia, renal typos, type.] The fundamental constitution of
and vesical calculus, the uric -acid diathesis, an organism with all its hereditary peculiarities.
Bright 's disease, and general debility. gentian (jen'shyan). See gentiana. g. an'iline
Gengou's phenom'enon or reac'tion (zhon-goo') [O. wa'ter, g. violet with saturated aniline water, a
Gengou, French bacteriologist, contemporary.] more effective stain than simple g. violet, g.
Fixation of complement; the removal of all alexin, vi'olet, a purple aniline dye, used as a bacterial
or complement, from fresh serum by the addition stain.
of a compound of a precipitin with its antigen; gentiana (jen-shi-ah'nah) (U.S.)
. Gentian, gen-
see Bordet*-Gengou phenomenon. tianae radix (Br.), gentian root, the dried rhizome
Gengou-Moreschi phenom'enon (zhoii-goo' mor- and roots of Gentiana. lutea, an herb of southern
es'ke) [Carlo Moreschi, Italian pathologist, con- and central Europe; a simple bitter, employed in
temporary.] Bordet-Gengou phenomenon. loss of appetite and dyspepsia in doses of gr. 10—
ge'nial [G. geneion, chin.] Relating to the chin. 30 (0.6-2.0).
g. tu'bercle, a small nodule on the posterior sur- gentianic acid (jen-shyan'ik as'id) Gentisin.
.

face of the arch of the mandible on either side of gentianophil, gentianophile (jen-shi-an'o-fil, jen-shl-
the symphysis, spina mentalis [BNA]. an'o-fll) [gentian + G. philos, fond.] Staining
ge'nian. Genial readily with gentian violet.
geniculate, geniculated (jen-ik'u-lat, jen-ik'u-la-ted) gentianoph'ilous. Gentianophil.
[L. geniculare, to bend the knee.] i. Kneed, bent gentianophobic (jen"shi-an-o-fo'bik) [gentian +
like a knee. 2. Referring to the geniculum of G. phobos, fear.] Not taking a. gentian violet
the facial nerve, noting the ganglion there stain, or taking it poorly.
present, g. neural'gia, tic douloureux of the gentianophobous (jen-shi-an-of 'o-bus) .Gentian-
sensory system of the facial nerve, g. otal'gia, ophobic.
idiopathic otalgia, neuralgic pain in the ear gentiopicrin ( jen"shyo-pik'rin) . Aglucoside,
from the sensory system of the facial nerve. CjoHggOij, obtained from gentian.
genic'ulum [L. dim. of genu, knee.] 1 . A small genu gentisic acid (jen-tiz'ik as'id). Gentisin.
or angular knee-like structure 2. A
knot-like gen'tisin. Gentianin, gentianic- acid, gentisic acid,
structure, canalis facia'lis [BNA], the bend
g. CnHijOs, a pale yellow powder obtained from
in the facial canal corresponding to the g. nervi gentian.
facialis, g. ner'vi facia'lis [BNA], externa] ge'nu, gen. ge'nus, pi. gen'ua [L.] 1. The knee. 2.

knee of the facial nerve, a rectangular bend of Any structure of angular shape resembling a
the facial nerve in the facial canal where it flexed knee. g. cap'sulse inter'nse [BNA], genu,
turns backward on the inner side of the tym- or knee, of the internal capsule, the obtuse angle,
panum. opening laterally in the horizontal plane, formed
ge"mohyogloss'us [G. geneion, chin, -\- hyoeides, by the union of the two limbs, pars frontalis
y-shaped, hyoid, + glossa, tongue.] See under and pars occipitalis, of the internal capsule.
musculus. g. cor'poris callo'si [BNA], knee of the corpus
geniohyoideus (je"nI-o-hi-o-id'e-us) [G. geneion, chin, callosum, the anterior extremity of the corpus
+ hyoeides, y-shaped, hyoid.] See under muscu- callosum which here folds downward and back-
lus. ward on itself, terminating in the rostrum, g.
genion (je'm-on) [G. geneion, chin.] The tip of the eztror'sum, g. varum, g. inter'num rad'icis
spina mentalis, a point in craniometry. ner'vi facialis [BNA], genu, or internal knee, of
ge'nioplasty [G. geneion, chin, cheek, -t- plasso, I the root of the facial nerve, the fibers of the
form.] Genyplasty. i. Reparative, or plastic, root of the facial nerve curving around the
surgery of the chin. 2. Plastic surgery of the abducens nucleus in the pons. g. recurva'tnm,
cheek. a condition of superextension of the knee, the
genista (jen-is'tah). Broom, the whole plant lower extremity making a curve with concavity
Genista iinctoria, employed as a diuretic in cardiac looking forward, g. val'gum, knock -knee, in-
and renal dropsy in doses of 5 2-5 (8 0-20 o) of a
, . knee; a deformity marked by abduction of the
fluid-extract, and externally in erysipelas. leg in relation to the thigh, the knee forming an
gen'ital.„ Relating to reproduction, or generation. angle with outer surface looking toward its
genita'Ua [L. neut. pi. of genitalis, genital.] The fellow, g. va'rum, bowleg, g. extrorsum, an
genitals. outward bowing of the legs.
26
 GENUCLAST 402 GERMICULTURE
genuclast (je'nu-klast) [L. genu, knee, G. klastos, + sagittal fontanel.* G.'s hy'oid fos'sa, trigonum
broken.] An instrument for breaking up adhe- caroticum. G.'s interauric'ular loop, a muscular
sions in ankylosis of the knee-joint. fasciculus in the interauricular septum of the
ge'nucu'bital \h. genu, knee, +
cubiium, elbow.] heart, passing backward from the auriculoven-
Relating to the knees and the elbows, noting the tricular groove. G.'s lig'ament, an aponeurotic
knee-elbow position.* band bounding the anterior fold of the axilla.
genupectoral (je-nu-pek'to-ral) [G. genu, knee, -I- G's. tu'bercle, a tubercle on the outer side of the
pectu5(pecior-), breast, sternum.] Relating to the upper end of the tibia giving attachment to
knees and the chest, noting the knee-chest the femoral aponeurosis and some fibers of the
position.* tibialis anterior muscle.
ge'nus [L. race.] In natural history classification, gereology, gerseology (je-re-ol'o-ji) [G. geraios, old,
the division between the order (or family) and the + -logia.] The branch of medicine which treats
species. of the physiology and pathology of old age;
genyantralgia (jen-e-an-tral'ji-ah) [G. genys, cheek, gerontology.
+ anlron, cave, + algos, pain.] Pain in the Gerhardt's reac'tion (zher-hart') [Charles Fr^d^ric
antrum of Highmore. Gerkardt, Parisian chemist, 1816— 1S56.] On the
genyantritis (jen-e-an-tri'(tre')tis) [G. genys, cheek, addition of a few drops of a solution of perchlo-
-I- antron, cave, + -itisl] Inflammation of the ride of iron to urine containing diacetic acid, a
antrum of Highmore. burgundy-red color is produced. G.'s test for
genyantrum (jen-e-an'trum) [G. genys, cheek, + urobilin in the urine; the urobilin is extracted
antron, cave.] Antrum of Highmore, maxillary with chloroform and then treated with iodine and
sinus. potassic hydrate, a fluorescent green color being
genychiloplasty (jen-1-ki'lo-plas-ti) [G. genys, cheek, produced.
+ cheilos, lip, -I- plasso, I form.] Reparative Gerhardt's sign (gerTiart) [C. J. Gerkardt; Berlin
surgery of the cheek and lip. physician, 1833-1903.] x. The tympanitic reso-
gen'yplasty [G. genys, jaw cheek, +
plasso, I form.] nance on percussion over a pulmonary cavity, the
Genioplasty. x. Reparative, or plastic, surgery long diameter of which is from before backward,
of the cheek. 2. Plastic surgery of the lower jaw. is of lower pitch when the patient sits than
geode (je'od) [a hollow pebble containing quartz when he lies if the long diameter is from above
;

crystals.] A lymph space, or cavity connected downward, the reverse is the case. 2. Im-
with the general lymphatic system. mobility of the larynx in dyspnea due to aortic
ge'ofonn, Creoform, kreoform, a colorless insol- aneurysm.
uble powder obtained by the action of formalde- Ger'hardt-Se'mon law [C. J. Gerkardt; Sir Felix
hyde upon guaiacol; employed as an antiseptic Semon.l In cases of slight lesion of the recurrent
dusting powder. laryngeal nerve, the vocal cord lies in a position
geophagia (je-o-fa'ji-ah) [G. ge, earth, -|- phago, I between abduction and adduction.
eat.] The practice of eating dirt or clay; earth- geriatrics (je-rl-at'riks) [G. geron, an old man, +
eating, dirt-eating, chthonophagia, geotragia. iatrike, medical treatment.] Treatment of the
geophagist (je-of'a-jist) [G. ge, earth, +
phago, I eat.] diseases of old age.
An earth-eater, dirt-eater. ger'il bread. A
bread, recommended in diabetes
geophagy ( je-of 'a-ji) . Geophagia. and constipation, containing about 7^ per cent,
geosote (je'o-sot). Guaiacol valerianate. protein and 9^ per cent, reducing sugar.
geotax'is [G. ge, earth, +
taxis, orderly arrange- Gerlach's net'work (ger'lahkh) [Joseph von Gerlack,
ment.] A
form of positive barotaxis in which German anatomist, 1820-1896.] A network
there is a tendency to growth or movement formed by the apparent anastomosis of the den-
toward or into the earth ; geotropism. dritesof the spinal cord cells. G.'s ton'sil.
geotragia (je-o-tra'ji-ah) [G. ge, earth, + trogO, I Eustachian tonsil.* G.'s valve, a fold of mucovis
munch.] Earth-eating, geophagia, ehthono- membrane, simulating a valve, sometimes found
phagia. at the origin of the vermiform appendix.
geot'ropism [G. ge, earth, -1- trope, a turning.] Gerlach's val'vula (ger'lahkh) [Andreas Christian
Geo taxis. Gerlach, German veterinary surgeon, 1811— 1877.]
gephyrophobia (jef'i-ro-fo'bK-ah) [G. gephyra, Ligmentum pectinatum iridis.
bridge, dyke.] i. Fear of crossing a bridge. 2. Gerlier's disease' (zher-le-a') [Felix Gerlier, Swiss
Fear of walking along a dyke or a river bank. physician, Paralyzing vertigo, kubi-
*i840.]
geraniin (jer-a'ni-ln). An eclectic concentration from sagari; an
affection, observed by Geslier among
the rhizome of Geranium maculatum; a brown Swiss cowherds, and by Miura in Japan, marked
powder employed in the treatment of diarrhea by pains in the head and neck, disturbances of
and dysentery in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). vision, with ptosis, vertigo, and temporary
Gera'nium [G. geranion, a crane's bill.] A genus of weakness or paresis of the extremities.
herbs of the natural order Geraniaceie. G, germ (jurm) [L. germen, a sprig.] i. A rudiment,
macula'tum, geranium (N.P.). G. robertianum, the earliest trace of an embryo. 2. A microbe.
mountain geranium, herb Robert, fox geranium; germa'nium [L. Germania, Germany.] A grayish
the entire herb is used in decoction, in domestic white metallic element, symbol Ge, atomic weight
medicine, as a gargle in catarrhal sore-throat. 27-S-
geranium (je-ra'ni-um) (N.F.). The dried rhizome germ-cell. Ovum
of Geranium maculatum, spotted cranesbill; as- germ-disc. Germinal* disc.
tringent, employed internally and as an injection; germ-disease. Any disease due to a microorgan-
dose, gr. 15 (i.o), or of the fiuidextract nni5 ism.
(i.o). germici'dal. Destructive to germs.
Gerdy's fiTjers (zher-de') [Pierre Nicolas Gerdy, germicide (jur'nil-sid) [L. germen, germ, -I- ctsdere, to
Parisian surgeon, 1797-1856.] A thin fibrous kill.] 1. Germicidal. 2. An agent which is de-
band stretching across the roots of the palmar structive to germs or microbes.
^
surface of the four fingers, the superficial trans- germicul'.ure [L. germen, germ, + cultura, cultiva-
verse ligament of the fingers. G.'s fontanel', tion.] The cultivation of microbes.
 ;

GERMIFUGE 403 GIERKE'S CORPUSCLES

gennifuge (jur'ml-£uj) [L. germen, germ, + fugare, ghat'ti gum [East Indian.] Gummi indicum.
to chase away.] Driving away germs, germicide. Ghilarducci's reac'tion (ge-lar-doot'che) [Francesco
germinal (jur'rnl-nal). Relating to a germ or to Ghilarducci, Italian physician, contemporary.]
germination, g. disc, germ-disc, gastrodisc, a Contraction of the muscles of a limb when the
little heap of cells of the endoderm adherent to active electrode is placed at a distance from
the interior of the ectoderm in a gastrocystis. them (as at the wrist in the case of the forearm)
g. rod, sporozoite. g. u'nits, portions of the it persists after the other reactions have been lost.
germ cells which are assumed to have certain Ghon's pri'maryle'sion. A
sharply defined bean-
specific functions in development, g. ves'icle sized shadow in the roentgenoscopic picture of
Purkinje's vesicle, the nucleus of a mammalian the lung, seen in certain cases of pulmonary
ovum. tuberculosis in children.
germination (jur-mi-na'shun) [L. germinare, Giacomini's band (jah-ko-'me'ne) [Carlo Giacomini,
to bud, sprout]. I. The formation of an Italian anatomist, 1841-1898.] A grayish band
embryo from an impregnated ovum. 2. The of gelatinous appearance forming the anterior
sprouting of the seed of a plant. extremity of the fascia dentata hippocampi.
ger'minatiye. Relating to germination. Giannuzzi's cells, G.'s cres'cents, G.'s dem'ilunes
germ -plasm (jurm'plazm). The substance in (jahn-noot'tse) [Giannuzzi, Italian anatomist,
the nuclei of the germinal cells of the ovary and nineteenth century. J Marginal corpuscles, Heid-
testicle resulting from the duplicative division enhain's demilunes, small flattened granular
of the cells of the ovum; by this is meant a cells lying between the basement membrane and
division whereby each segment is made up of the secreting cells of a mucous gland.
equal and similar determinants and is thus gi'ant [G. gigas, pi. gigantes.] i. A person of ab-

possessed of the same character and capacity normally large size. 2. Noting anything" of
as the ovum itself; the id or part of a germ-cell disproportionately large size.
containing the hereditary principle, idioplasm. gi'ant-cell. A
cell of large size, often with many
germ-track. The cell-lineage of the ovum in a nuclei; a syncytium.
developing animal. gi'ant-co'lon. Excessive dilatation of the colon;
germ-ves'icle. Gastrocystis, blastodermic vesicle.* Hirschsprung's disease, megacolon.
gerocomia (jg-ro-ko'nd-ah) [G. geron, an old man, -I- gi'antism. Gigantism, a condition of abnormal
komeo, I take care of.] The hygiene of old age. size, or overgrowth, of the entire body or of any
geroderma (jS-ro-dur'mahJ [G. geron, an old man, + of its parts.
derma, sldn.] i. The atrophic skin of the aged. Gib'bon's her'nia or hy'drocele [Quinton V. Gibbon,
2. A cutaneous dystrophy in which the skin is American surgeon, 1813-1894.] Hydrocele com-
thinned and wrinlded like that in old age. plicated with a voluminous hernia.
Gerolstein, Prussia (ger'51-stm). Alkaline-carbo gibbos'ity (gib-osl-tl) [L. gibbosus, htmiped.] i.
nated waters. Used by drinking for the ant A hump or gibbus. 2. The state of being humped
acid and diuretic effects. or hump-backed.
geromarasmus (jg-ro-mar-az'mus) [G. geron, an old gibbous (gib'us) [L. gibbosus.'] Humped, hump-
man, + marasmos, a wasting.] Senile atrophy or backed.
wasting. Gibbs' the'orem [Willard Gibbs, English physicist,
geromorphism (jS-ro-mor-fizm) [G. geron, an old contemporary.] "Substances which lower the
man, + morphe, form.] A condition of pre- surface tension of the pure dispersion medium,
mattire senility. tend to collect in its surface."
gerontal (jS-ron'tal) [G. geron, old man.] Relat- gibbus (gib'us) [L.] A hump, a hunch; the pro-
i ng to an old man, senile. jection in angular deformity of the spine; the
gerontol'ogy [G. gerdn{geront-), an old man, + deformity of Pott's* disease.
-hgia.] The science of the physiological and Gibert's disease' (zhe-bair') [Camille Melchior
patho ogical changes incident to old age. Gibert, Parisian physician, 1797-1866.] Pityr-
gerontozon (j6-ron-tok'son) [G. geron, an old man, + iasis rosea.
ioxon, bow.] Arcus senilis. Gibral'tar fe'ver. Malta fever.
Gerota's cap'sule (ga-ro'tah) [Gerota, Berlin Gib'son's ban'dage [Kasson C. Gibson, New York
anatomist, contemporary. } The perirenal fascia. dentist, contemporary.] A
bandage, resembling
G.'s meth'od, injection of the lymphatics with a Barton's bandage, for retaining the bone in frac-
dye which is soluble in chloroform or ether but ture of the. lower jaw.
not in water; alkanin, red sulphide of mercury, Gib'son's rule. If the systolic blood pressure, ex-
and Prussian blue are said to be suitable for pressed in millimeters of mercury, does not fall
this purpose. below the pulse rate, expressed in beats per
Gersuny's meth'od (gair-zoo'ne) The cosmetic
. minute, the prognosis in pneumonia is good; if
injection of paraffin. does fall below the pulse rate the prognosis
it is
gestation (jes-ta'shun) [L. gesiaiio, from gesiare, to unfavorable.
bear.] Pregnancy, fetation, ectop'ic g., develop- gid (giddy). Staggers, or sturdy, in sheep.
ment of the impregnated ovum at some point gid'diness. Vertigo.
outside of the uterine cavity; for the varieties gid'dy. Dizzy, suffering from vertigo.
of ectopic g., see under pregnancy. Giemsa stain (gem'zah) [G. Giemsa, Hamburg
Ges'yelst's network. A reticulation of the medullary bacteriologist, contemporary.] A stain for dem-
sheath of a nerve-fiber, probably an artefact. onstrating Negri bodies, the malarial organisms,
Gett'ysburg Springs, Pennsylvania. "Katolysine" spirochetes, and other protozoans; compotmd of
and "Lithia" springs. Waters of the former alka- azur Il-eosin, 30; azur II, 0.8; chemically pure
line-calcic; also traces of sulphate of strontium, glycerin and chemically pure methyl alcohol, each
carbonate of copper, alumina carbonate of 250.0.
nickel, carbonate of cobalt, and sulphate of Gierke's cor'puscles (ger'keh) [Hans PauIBemhard
barium are found. Used by drinking in rheuma- Gierke, German anatomist, 1847-J886.] Has-
tism, gout, dyspepsia, catarrh of the stomach, sall's* concentric corpuscles. G.'s respi'ratory
and gravel. bun'dle, tractus solitarius.
 GIESSHUEBL-PUCHSTEIN 404 GIRDLE

Giesshueb--Puchstem or Giesshuebl-Sauerbrunn, Bo- of the upper and lower jaws and surrounds the
hemia (ges'hu-bl-pookh'stin, ges'hu-bl-zow'er- necks of the teeth.
broon). Alkaline-carbonated water. Used by gin'gival. Relating to the gums.
drinking and bathing in dyspepsia, heartburn, gingivally (jin- ji'val-i) Toward the gums.
.

intestinal catarrh, piles, and gout. gingivitis (jin-ji-vi'(ve')tis) [L. gingiva, the gum, +
Gif ford's [Harold Gifford, American ophthal-
re'flex G. -itis.] Ulitis.
mologist, Contraction of the pupils
*r858.] gingivoglossitis (jin"ji-vo-glos-si'(se')tis) [L. gingiva,
when an attempt is made to close the eyes while gum, -I- G. gldssa, tongue, +
-itis.] Uloglossitis,
the lids are held open. G.'s sign, difficulty in inflammation of both tongue and gums; stoma-
everting the upper eyelid in the early stages of titis.
Graves' disease. ginglyfonn (ging'(jing')gli-form) [G. ginglymos, a
gigantism (ji-gan'tizm). Giantism, abnormal great- hinge-joint, + L. forma, form.] Ginglymoid.
ness of size. gin"glyino-arthro'dial. Noting a joint having the
gigan'toblast [G. gigas, giant, -t- blastos, germ.] A form of both ginglymus and arthrodia, or hinge-
large erythroblast, or nucleated red blood-cor- joint and sliding- joint.
puscle. ginglymoid (ging'(jing')gli-moyd) [G. ginglymos, a
gigantochromoblast (ji-gan"to-kro'mo-blast) [G. gi- hinge-joint, + eidos, resembling] Relating to or
gas, giant, + chroma, color, + blasios, germ.] resembling a hinge- joint.
Gigantoblast.
gigantocyte (ji-gan'to-sit) [G. gigas, giant, + kytos,
cell.] 1. A giant cell. 2. An abnormally large
erythrocyte.
gigantosoma (ji-gan-to-so'mah) [G. gigas(gigant-),
giant, -t- soma, body.] Giantism, gigantism.
Gigli's opera'tion (jel'ye) [L. Gigli, Italian gynecolo-
gist, 1863-1908.] Hebotomy. G.'s saw, a chain
saw for use in hebotomy.
Gila monster (he'lah) [Gila, a river in Arizona.] A
large poisonous lizard, Heloderma suspecium and
H. horridum, of New Mexico, Arizona, and
northern Mexico.
Gil'bert's sign (zhel-bair') [Augustin Gilbert, French
physician, *i858.] Opsiuria, indicating cirrhosis
of the liver.
Gil'bert's meth'od. Autoserotherapy.
Gil'christ's myco'sis [Thomas Casper Gilchrist,
American physician, '*i862.] Blastonmycosis.
Gilgit, India. Noted as pure water. Coolies who
drink this water are not affected with goiter.
Gill's ta'ble [Charies Gill, actuary of the N. Y. Mutual
Life Insurance Company, 1805-1855.] The first Hinge-joint: Ginglymus, with axis of rotation at A.
American life table, now superseded by the B, axis of rotation of trochoid, or lateral ginglymus.
American Experience Table.""
gill-cleft. A
branchial* cleft. ginglymus (ging'(jing')gli-mus) [G. ginglymos.]
[Arnold Gill, a German botanist.]
gillenia (ji-le'ni'-ah) Hinge-joint, a uniaxial joint in which a broad,
False ipecac, Indian physic. Bowman's root; the transversely cylindrical convexity on one bone
rhizome and roots of Porteranthus trifoliatus and fits into a corresponding concavity on the other,
P. stipulatus, an herb of the eastern slope of the allowing of motion in one plane only, as in the
Allegheny mountains; expectorant and tonic in elbow (see cut), hericoid g., lat'eral g., one
doses of gr. 2—5 (0.13-0.3), and emetic in doses in which there is a slight lateral movement
of gr. 20-30 (1.3-2.0), during flexion.
A bitter principle from gillenia,
gillenin (jil'e-nin). ginseng (jin'seng) [Ch.] The roots of several
possessing emetic properties. species of Panax, esteemed as of great medicinal
Gilles de la Tourette's disease' (zhel-de-lS-too-ret'). virtue by the Chinese, but not employed in
[Georges Gilles de la Tourette, Parisian physician, western medicine.
1857-1904. A form of tic motor incoordination
; Giovannini's disease' (jo-vahn-ne'ne) [Sebastiano
with echolalia and coprolalia. Giovannini, Italian dermatologist, contemporary.]
Gill-Wy'lie's opera'tion (gil-wi'le). See Wylie. A fungous form of monilithrix.
Gilroy Hot Springs, California. Alkaline-saline- Giraldis' or'gan (zhir-al-das') [Cardozo Cazado
sulpho-carbonated waters, 108° F. to 115° F. Joachim Albin Giraldh, Parisian surgeon of Portu-
One main spring. Used by drinking and bathing guese birth, 1808-1875.] Paradidymis.
in rheumatism, syphilis, glandular swellings, giraffe' [in derision of the stiff and extended neck of
scrofula, and chronic skin eruptions. a suff'erer from the disease.] Dengue.
Gim'bernat's lig'ament [Antonio de Gimbernat, girdle (gur'dl) [A.S. gyrdei:\ 1. A belt, a zone. z.
Spanish surgeon, 1742-1790.] Ligamentum lacu- Cingulum [BNA], see pelvic g. and shoulder g.
nare. Nep'tune's g., a wet pack applied around the
gin [geneva, juniper.] A spirit flavored with juniper- abdomen, pel'vic g., cingulum extremitatis
berries, spiritus* juniperi compositus. inferioris, the bony ring, formed of the two in-
gin'-drinkers' liver. Hob-nailed liver, atrophic nominate bones and the sacrum, which articu-
cirrhosis of the liver in a drunkard. lates with the two femurs, shoul'der g.,
gin'ger [L. zingiber.] Zingiber. Chinese g., galanga. thorac'ic g., cingulum extremitatis superioris,
gingiva, gen. and pi. gingi'vce (jin-ji'vah) [L.] The the bony ring, incomplete behind, serving
gum, the dense fibrous tissue, covered by mucous for the attachment and support of the upper
membrane, which envelops the alveolar processes extremities; it is formed of the manubrium
 .

GIRDLE 40s GLAND

sterni and the two clavicles anteriorly and the be only one such pouch, ag'gregate g., agminated
scapulae posteriorly. g., a collection of lymph follicles, such as Peyer's
gir'dle-senBa'tion. Strangalesthesia, zonesthesia.* patches in the intestine, ag'minated g., aggregate
gir'dle-test, see under test. g. albu'minous g., one which secretes a watery
Gird'ner's probe [John Harvey Girdner, New York fluid containing albumin, alve'olar g., acinous g.
physician, contemporary.] Telephonic probe one ; a'nal g., one of a number of large sudoriparous
of the wires of a telephone receiver is attached to glands in the mucous membrane of the anus.
a metal probe, the other to a metal plate the latter; anom'alous g., ductless g. anteprostat'ic g.,
is moistened and placed on the patient's body, (1) Cowper's g. ; (2) a small g. anterior to the
with the receiver at the surgeon 's ear; if the probe prostate, ap'ical g., anterior lingual g., glandula*
touches a bullet or piece of metal a click is heard. lingualis anterior [BNA]. apo'ric g., ductless g.
girth. The measure around the body of a horse a arte'rial .g., glomus, aryt'enoid g., one of a
little behind the forelegs. number of mucous glands in the aryepiglottic
githagism (gith'a-jism). A
disease similar to fold, anterior to the arytenoid cartilage, ax'il-
lathyrism, believed to be due to poisoning by lary g., one of a number of lymph-glands in the
seeds of the corn-cockle. Lychnis giihago. axilla, blind g., ductless g. blood g., ductless g.
gitter cell (git'er sel) [Ger. gilter, lattice, wire net.] bra'chial g., one of the lymph-glands of the arm
A large cell, round or oval in shape, presenting a and forearm, bron'chial g., one of ten or twelve
honeycombed appearance, and packed with a lymph-glands at the bifurcation of the trachea,
large number of fatty or lipoid granules. lymphoglandula bronchialis. bucc'al g., glandula
Giufirida-Ruggera stig'ma (joof-fre'dah-rood-jer'ah) buccalis. car'diac g., glandula cardiaca. carot'id
[Vincenzo Giuffrida-Ruggera, Italian anthro- g., (i)lymphoglandula cervicalis profunda, deep
pologist, contemporary.] Extreme shallowness cervical gland, one of a chain of ^ymph-nodes in
of the glenoid fossa. the deeper parts of the neck; (2) glomus* caroti-
gizz'ard. The second or muscular stomach of a cum. ce'liac g., one of several lymph-glands
graminivorous bird. anterior to the abdominal aorta, ceru'minous g.,
Gl. Chemical symbol of glucinum. one of the glands in the auditory meatus which
smooth.] A smooth
glabel'la, glabel'lum [L. glaber, secrete the cerumen, cer'vical g., one of the
prominence, most marked in the male, on the lymph-glands in the neck, circuma'nal g., anal
frontal bone above the root of the nose about on g. closed g., ductless g. coccyg'eal g., Luschka's
the level of the upper orbital margins. g., glomus* coccygeum. coe'liac g., celiac g.
glabel'lad [L. glabella + ad, to.] Toward the gla- coil g., a sweat gland, glandula* glomiformis.
bella. com'pound g., one composed of several acini
gla'brate. Glabrous. grouped around a common duct, conglo'bate g.,
smooth, + facere, to make.]
glabrif'icin [L. glaber, a lymphatic g. conglom'erate g., an aggregation
A variety of antibody which is assumed to cause of glands, racemose g. con'voluted g., coil g.
a swelling and disintegration of the envelope of a dental g., Serres' g., one of the white points on
capsulated bacterium, exposing it to the action the gum preceding the eruption of the teeth, a
of lysin. projection of the epithelial layer of the enamel
glaTirous [L. glaber, smooth.] Smooth; without organ, ductless g., one which has no duct, its
excrescences or prominences; bald. secretion being absorbed directly into the blood.
glacial (gla'shal) [L. glacialis, icy.] Glassy, endoc'rinous g., one which produces an internal
resembling ice. g. ace'tic acid, nearly pure secretion, excre'tory g., a gland separating excre-
acetic acid, acidum* aceticum glaciale. g. mentitious or waste material from the blood.
phosphor'ic acid, HPOa, monobasic phosphoric follic'ular g., follicle, fundus g., one of the true
acid. gastric glands secreting the gastric juice, gastric
gla'diate [L. gladtus, a 'sword.] Sword-shaped, g., glandula gastrica. genal g., glandula buccalis.
ensiform, xiphoid. gen'ital g., (i) testicle; (2) ovary, gin'gival g.,
gladi'olus [L. dim. of gladius, a sword.] Corpus an infolding of the epithelium of the gum. globate
stemi or body of the sternum, mesostemum, g., l3rmph-gland. glom'erate g., conglomerate g
the middle and largest division of the sternum. lymph-gland, glom'erate g., conglomerate g.
glair'in [glair, white of egg, from L. clarus, clear.] gutt'ural g., one of the racemose mucous glands
A gelatinous substance in the water of certain of the pharynx, he'mal g., hemolymph g.
sulphur springs. hematopoiet'ic g., a blood-forming gland, such
glair'y. Mucoid, viscous, resembling the white of egg. as the spleen, hem'olymph g., a lymphadenoid
gland [L. glans, acorn.] A secreting organ. The structure resembling a lymph-gland, but possess-
secretion may be poured out upon the surface or ing, blood sinuses instead of lymph sinuses; the
into a cavity, or it may be at once taken into the glands vary in number and position, but for the
blood without appearing externally; it may be most part lie embedded in fat tissue and in num-
of service to the economy, in digestion, as a ber are in the proportion of from 1:20 to 1:50
lubricant, etc., or it may be purely excrementi- of ordinary lymph -glands they are of the size of
;

tious, removing waste and poisonous material a small pea; they are of two types; called by
from the body. For the glands not defined Warthin splenolymph and marrow-lymph glands.
here, see under glandula. absor'bent g., lymphat- hi'bemating g., the mass of fat which collects be-
ic g. access'ory g., a small mass of glandular tween the kidneys in hibernating animals, toward
structure, detached from but lying near another the end of stimmer. in'guinal g., one of the
and larger gland, to which it is similar in struc- lymph-glands of the groin, intersti'tial g.,
ture and probably in function, acid g., one of the one of Leydig's cells, secreting cells in the inter-
gastric glands secreting the acid of the gastric juice stitial substance in the testicle, supposed to

acinotu'bular g., tubuloalveolar g., one which - furnish the hormone which presides over the de-
is both acinous and tubular in structure, acinous velopment of the male characteristics, jn'-
g. (as'in-us), racemose g., alveolar g., a g. formed gular g., Virchow's* g. lentic'ular g., see glandula
of a number of sac-like pouches arranged in gastrica. lymph g., lymphoglandula. marrOw-
groups opening into a common duct or there may ; lymph g., a type of hemolymph g., resembling
 ,

GLAND 406 GLANDULA

the bone marrow

in structure and probable nose is chiefly involved, g. bacil'lus, Bacillus
function, mesenter'ic g., one of the lymph- mallei.
glands of the mesentery, mil'iary g., sweat glandilem'ma [L. glandula, gland, + G. lemma,
gland, mixed g., a gland secreting both sheath.] The enveloping membrane or capsule
mucus and saliva, molar g., one of four or of a gland,
five large buccal glands in the neighborhood of the glandula (glan'du-lah) [L. dim. of glans, an acorn
last molar tooth, mucilag'inous g.» one of the (a gland).] A
gland; a glandule or small gland.
synovial villi, supposed by Havers to secrete the
s3Tiovia. mucip'arous g., mucous g., a gland
g. angula'ris* g. submaxillaris.
secreting mucus, odoriferous g,, a gland, such g. areola'ris [BNA], areolar gland, Montgomery's
as Tyson's* g., the secretion of which has a gland, one of a number of cutaneous glands forming
strong odor, oil g., sebaceous g. oz3m'tic g., small, rounded projections from the surface of the
acid gland, see glandula gastrica. paratine g., areola of the mamma.
one of the mucous glands in the roof of the mouth. g. atrabilia'ris* g. suprarenalis.
g, basila'ris* pituitary gland, hypophysis [BNA],
pal'pebral g., glandula tarsalis [BNA], pec'-
g. bronchialis [BNA], one of the numerous mucous
toral g., one of the l3miph-glands lying along the
glands in the tunica mucosa of the bronchi.
course of the long thoracic artery, peptic g., g. bucca'Iis [BNA], one of numerous racemose
a pepsin-secreting g., see glandula gastrica. glands in the submucous tissue of the cheeks.
perspi'ratory g., sweat g., coil g. phaiyn'geal g., g. bulbourethra'lis [BNA], one of two small com-
guttural g. pilous g., a sebaceous g, emptying pound racemose glands, lying side by side at the
into the hair-follicle, pin'eal g., corpus pineale posterior portion of the membranous urethra at the
[BNA]. pitu'itary g,, hypophysis cerebri [BNA.] level of the apex of the prostate just above the bulb of
the corpus spongiosum; they discharge through a
prepu'tial g., Tyson's* g. prostate g., see prostate.
minute duct into the spongy portion of the urethra.
pylor'ic g., one of the gastric glands situated in the
g. cardi'aca, one of the branched tubular glands of
neighborhood of the pylorus, rac'emose g., one, the stomach, most numerous near the esophageal
] ke the parotid, formed of a number of branching opening, which secrete mucus.
ducts terminating in acini, sacc'ular g., a single g. carofica* (i) glomus caroticum; (2) lympho-
acinous g. seba'ceous g,, sebif erous g., a g. which glandula cervicalis profunda.
secretes an oily matter, serous g., a salivary g. cerumino'sa [BNA], ceruminous gland, one of the
modified sudoriparous glands in the external auditory
gland, such as the parotid, which secretes a thin,
meatus secreting the cerumen or ear-wax.
watery fluid, sex'ual g., genital g. sol'itary g., g. cilia' ris [BNA], ciliary gland, gland of Moll, one of
one of the follicular glands of the intestine. a number of modified sudoriparous glands in the eye-
sple'nolymph g., a type of hemolymph g. resem- lids, opening on the edges between the eyelashes.
bling the spleen n structure and probable func- g. circumana'lis [BNAl, one of the large sweat
tion, staph'yline g., palatine g. sublin'gual g., glands surrounding the anus.
glandula sublingualis, submax'illaiy g., glandul.% g. corii* faucial tonsil.
g. concre'ta* the upper or orbital portion of the
submaxillaris. sudoriferous g., sudorip'arous g.,
lacrymal gland, g. lacrimalis superior.
coil g., one of the glands of the skin secreting the
g. cu'tis [BNA], any one of the glands of the skin.
sweat, suprare'nal g., glandula suprarenalis g. duodena'lis [BNA], one of the duodenal glands
[BNA]. sweat g., sudoriferous g. tarsal g. or glands of Brunner, small acinotubular glands
tarsoconjunc'tlTal g., Meibomian g. glandula*
,
resembling the pyloric glands of the stomach.
[BNA]. tracho'ma g., one of a number of
tarsalis g. foram'inis obturato'rii* a lymph-gland on the

lymphoid glands in the palpebral conjunctiva, inner side of the obturator membrane.
g. gas'trica [BNA], one of the secreting glands of the
Bruch's glands, tu'bular g., one composed of one
stomach; these are of three kinds: the true gastric
or more tubules ending in a blind extremity. glands or fundus glands, the car: iac, and the pyloric
tympan'ic g., glandula tympanica. ure'thral g., glands; the true gastric glands (peptic and oxyntic)
glandula urethralis. u'terine g., one of a number secrete the gastric juifce; the pyloric and cardiac
of tubular glands in the uterine mucous mem- secrete mucus; there are also collections of lymphoid
brane, vag'inal g., one of the mucous glands in tissue, resembling the solitary glands of the intestine,
the mucous membrane of the vagina, vas'cular called lenticular glands.
g. glomifor'mis [L. glomus, a knot or skein, +
Sm (i) glomus; (2) hemolymph g. vestib'ular g., forma, shape, form], coil gland; a tubular gland of the
(i) glandula vestibularis major; (2) glandula skin, the blind extremity of which, the secretory part,
vestibularis minor, vulvovag'inal g., Bartho- glomerulus, is coiled in the form of a ball of worsted;
lin's g. the sweat glands are coil glands.
g. innomina'ta, (i) caruncula myrtiformis; (2)
absence, anadenia. ceus .orming, auenooiasts. defi- the lower or palpebral portion of the lacrymal gland,
cient activity* adenasthenia. description of* adenog-
g. lacrimalis inferior.
raphy, destruction* adenolysis. disease of* adenop-
athy, adenosis. dislocation, adenectopia, adeno- g. intercarofica, glomus caroticum.
diastasis. dissection* adenotomy. excision of* aden- g. intestina'lis [BNA], one of the intestinal glands,
ectomy. formation of* adenogenesis. hardening, adeno- or crypts of Lieberkuhn; tubular glands in the
follicles,
sclerosis. incision* adenotomy. increased activity, mucous membrane of the small and large intestines.
adenohypersthenia. inflammation* adenitis, bubo* g. labia'lis [BNA], one of a number of glands, labia]
adenocelluHtis, adenophlegmon, nerve-cell regulating*
glands, forming a layer in the submucous tissue of the
adenoneure. obstruction, adenemphraxis, pain,
adenalgia, adenodynia. lips.
resembling, glanduHform,
adenoid, adeniform. science of, adenology. separa- g. lacrimalis [BNA], lacyrmal gland, one of two
tion of lobes* adenodiastasis. BOitening, adenomalacia. glands, superior and inferior, lying in the outer angle of
treatise on, adenography, adenology. tumor* adenon- the orbit, which secrete the tears; the superior gland is
cus, adenoncosis, adenoma, adenophyma, adenocele, much the larger of the two.
adenocyst; tumor containing gland structure, denoted
g. lacrima'lis accessc'ria [BNA], accessory lacrymal
by the prefix adeno-, as adenomyoma, adenochon-
droma, etc.
gland, one of a number of minute mucous glands in the
conjunct va and the lids, secreting a watery fluid.
gla«idebalffi (glan-deb'S.-le) [L.] The axillary g. lactif era, mamma.
hairs, hirci. g, larynge'a, one of the large number of muciparous
glands in the mucous membrane of the larynx; they
glanderous (glan'dur-us). Relating to glanders.
are called, according to their situation, glandules laryn-
glanders (glan'durz) [L. glandula, gland.] The form media, and
gecB anteriores, gl. I. gl. I. posteriores,
of equinia in which the mucous memtrane of the g. Ungua'lis, g. sublingualis.
GLANDULA 407 GLA^S

g. lingua'lis ante'rior [BNA], gland of Blandin, g. BUprarena'lis accessc'ria* accessory suprarenal

gland of Nuhn, apical gland; one of a number of small gland, one of a number of isolated, often minute, masses
racemose glands in the muscular tissue of the under of suprarenal tissue sometimes found near the main
surface of the tongue, near the lip, gland or in the broad ligament or the epididymis.
g. mazilla'xis, g. submaxillaris. glan'dulee suprarenales sic'cse, suprarenalum siccum
g. mola'ris, one of four or five mucous glands in the (U.S.), dried suprarenals, desiccated suprarenal glands,
subcutaneous connective tissue of the cheek near the dried and powdered suprarenal glands of animals used
termination of Stenson's duct. for food by man; recommended in Addison's disease in
g. muco'sa [BNA], Krause's gland, one of the mucous
doses of gr. 3-5 (0 2-0,3) in capsules.
g. tarsalis [BNA], tarsal gland, Meibomian gland,
glands of the conjunctiva.
one of a number of sebaceous glands between the
g, nasa'lis [BNA], any one of the glands, mucous or
tarsus and conjunctiva of each eyelid, discharging at
olfactory, in the nasal mucous membrane.
the edge of the lid nea the posterior border.
g. oesophage'a [BNA], esophageal gland, one of a
g. tartar'icat one of numerous little masses of
number of mucous glands in the mucous membrane of
concentrically arranged epithelial cells in the gums
the esophagus.
of the newborn.
g. olfacto'ria [BNA], one of numerous tubular and
g. thyreoitd'ea [BNA], thyreoid or thyroid gland or
sometimes branched glands (Bowman's glands), in the
body; a ductless gland lying in front and to the sides
mucous membrane of the olfactory region of the nasal
of the upper part of the trachea. It is of horseshoe
shape, consisting of two lateral lobes joined by a
g. orbita'ria, g. lacrimalis.
narrow central portion, the isthmus; occasionally an
g. palati'na [BNA], one of a number of racemose
elongated offshoot, the pyramidal lobe, passes upward
glands in the posterior half of the submucous tissue
from the isthmus in front of the trachea. It is sup-
covering the hard palate.
plied by branches from the external carotid and sub-
g. paratbyreoid'ea, parathyroid gland, epithelial
clavian arteries, and its nerves are derived from the
body, one or two small, bean-sized bodies on the
middle and infer or cervical ganglia of the sympathetic.
posterolateral surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid
See also thyroid* gland.
gland.
g. thyroid'ea accesGo'ria [BNA], an isolated mass,
g. paraurethra'lis* one of a number of mucous glands
or one of several such masses, of thyroid tissue, some-
in the wall of the female urethra.
times present in the side of the neck, or just above the
g. paro'lis [BNA], parotid gland, the largest of the
hyoid bone i,g. t. o. suprahyoidea) or even as low down
,
salivary glands; one of two glands situated below and
as the arch of the aorta.
in front of the ear, on either side, extending from the
glan'dulse th3rroid'e£e sic'cse, thryoideum siccum
angle of the jaw to the zygoma and backward to the
(U.S.), dried thyroids, desiccated thyroid glands, the
sternocleidomastoid muscle; it discharges through
dried and powdered thyroid glands of animals used for
Steno's, or Stenson's, duct, ductus parotideus.
food by man; employed in myxedema, cretinism, cancer,
g. paro'tis accesso'ria [BNA], accessory parotid
and disorders of metabolism, in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-
gland, g. socia parotidis, an occasional islet of parotid-
0.2).
gland tissue separate from the mass of the gland, ly-
g. tympan'ica (i) [BNA], one of the mucous glands in
ing anteriorly just above the commencement of the
the mucosa of the tympanum; (2) a small reddish,
parotid duct.
ganglionic mass lying on Jacobson's nerve in the tym-
g. pharynge'a [BNA], one of the racemose mucous
panic canal, regarded by Krause as a ductless gland.
glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx.
g. urethra'lis [BNA], one of numerous mucous
g. pinea'lis, pineal gland, corpus* pineale [BNA].
glands (glands of Littr^) in the wall of the pars
g. prsehyold'ea, an accessory thyroid gland sometimes
cavernosa urethras.
found anterior to the hyoid bone.
g. prEeputia'lis [BNA], Tyson's gland, one of the
g. uteri'na [BN A], uterine gland, one of a number of
tubular glands in the uterine mucosa.
sebaceous glands of the corona glandis and inner surface
g. vesica'Us [BNA], one of a number of mucous
of the prepuce.
follicles, not true glands, in the mucous membrane
g. pros'tata ante'rior, anteprostate gland.
near the neck of the bladder,
g. pros'tata mulieb'ris, spongy tissue at the orifice of
g. estibula'ris major [BNA], Bartholin's gland,
the meatus urinarius in the female, corpus glandulosum. Tiedemann's gland, one of two glands on either
g. pylor'ica [BNA], one of the branched tubular
side of the lower part of the vagina, the equivalent
glands of the stomach, most numerous near the pylorus,
of Ck)wper's glands in the male.
secreting mucus.
g. vestibula'ris mi'nor [BNA], one of a number of
g. saiiva'lis abdom'inis, pancreas.
minute mucous glands opening on the surface of the
g. saliva'lis exter'na, g. parotis.
vestibule between the orifices of the vagina and urethra.
g. saliva'lis inter' na, g. sublingualis and g. submaxil-
laris regarded as one.
glan'dular. Relating to a gland.
g. seba'cea [BNA], sebaceous gland, one of a large
number of glands in the corium, which open into the glan'dule. A small gland.
hair follicles and secrete an oily, semifluid substance, glan'dulous. Glandular.
sebum cutaneum. glans [L. acorn.] i. A gland. 2. Goiter. 3. In
g. so'cia parofidis, g. parotis accessoria [BNA]. botany, a nut. 4. See the subtitles, g. cUtor'-
g. sublingua'lis [B N A], one of two salivary glands in idis, a small mass of erectile tissue capping the
the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue, discharging body of the clitoris, g. pe'nis, the conical expan-
through the ducts of Rivinus, or Rivini, ductus sub-
sion of the corpus cavemosum urethrse (corpus
Unguales minores.
g. submazilla'ris [BNA], one of two salivary glands spongiosum) which forms the head of the penis.
in the neck, in the submaxillary region in the space Glase'rian ar'tery [Jean Henri Glaser, Swiss anato-
between the two bellies of the digastric muscle and mist, 1629-1675.] Tympanic artery. 6. fis'sure,
the angle of the jaw; it discharges through the duct of fissura petrotympanica.
Wharton, ductus submaxillaris. Glas'gow's sign. A
systolic murmur heard over the
g, sudorifera [BNA], sudoriferous gland, sweat brachial artery in aneurysm of the aorta.
gland, g. sudoripara, one of the coil glands of the skin
secreting sweat.
glass [A.S. glas.] Atransparent brittle substance,
g. sudorip'ara, sudoriparous gland, sweat gland, g.
a compound of silica with various bases, crown
sudorifera [BNA]. • g., a compound of lime, potash, alumina, and
g. suprahyoKd'ea, g. prEehyoidea. silica, flint g., contains lead oxide in place of
g. suprarena'lis [BNA], adrenal body or gland, lime and is more refractive than crown g. ; both
suprarenal body, capsule, or gland; a flattened, roughly crown and flint g. are used in lenses, soruble
triangular body resting upon the upper end of each
g., water g., a silicate of potassium or sodium,
kidney; it is one of the ductless glands furnishing an
soluble in hot water but solid. at ordinary tem-
internal secretion, one effect of which is an increase in
blood-pressure. peratures used for fixed dressings.
;
 ;

GLASS-BODY 408 GLOBINOMETER

glass-bod'y. The transparent portion of the glenosporosis (gle-no-spo-ro'sis) An affection

.

demilune* body. caused by the presence of a species of fungus of

glasses. Spectacles; lenses of various diameters for the genus Glenospora.
correcting refractive errors in the eyes. See lens. Glen Springs, New York. Calcic saline-chalybeate
; j

glass'y. Vitreous, hyaline; smooth and shining. muriated-saline saline - calcic - iodo - bromated
;

Glau'ber's salt [Johann Rudolph Glauber, German f erro-iodo-bromo-muriated-carbonated waters.

chemist, 1603-1668.] Sodium sulphate. Several springs. Used by drinking and bathing
glaucoma (glaw-ko'mah) [G. glaukos, greenish gray.] in rheumatism, gout, sciatica, glandular affections,
A disease due to increase of the fluids of the eye- chronic heart disease, disorders of the stomach,
ball, raising intraocular pressure. ab'solute g., intestines, and liver, renal diseases, glycosuria,
the final stage of blindness in g. congen'ital g., anemia, neurasthenia, and the diseases of
buphthalmos. g. ful'minans, a form in which the women. The entire year.
symptoms develop with great rapidity,, blindness Glen Summit Springs, Pennsylvania. Very pure and
sometimes ensuing in less than a day. sec'ond- palatable waters suitable for domestic purposes
ary g., g. occurring as a complication or sequel used for drinking. Cold. A summer resort.
of some other ocular disease or injury. sim'ple
'

Glen'wood Springs, Colorado. Muriated-saline-sul-

g.,occurs without inflammatory symptoms. phureted-carbonated waters, 124.2° F. to
glaucomatous (glaw-ko'mS-tus). Relating to 126.4° F. Upwards of 12 springs. Used by
glaucoma. bathing in rheumatism, gout, renal and cutaneous
glaucosuria (glaw"ko-su'r(-ah) [G. glaukos, bluish diseases, pulmonary trouble, and gene^-al debility.
green, -t- ouron, urine.] Indicanuria, so called
The entire year.
on account of the bluish green color of the
Gley's cells (gla) [M. E. Gley, French physi-
urine.
ologist, contemporary.] Cells in the interstitial
gleet. A slight chronic discharge of thin mucopus
tissue of the testicle. G.'s glands, para-
from the urethra, following gonorrhea, nasal g.,
thyroids.
see under nasal.
gli'a [G. glue.] Neuroglia.
gleety (gle'ti). Relating to gleet.
Glen Al'pine Min'eral Springs, California. Alkaline- gli'acyte [G. kyios, cell.] A neuroglia cell.
saline-chalybeate-carbonated waters, 39.6° F. gli'adin, gli'adine [G. glia, glue.] i. Glutin, a pro-

Used internally in dyspepsia, torpidity, of the tein separable from wheat-gluten. 2. member A
bowels, and in renal and cystic disorders. of a group of simple proteins insoluble in water,
Glen Al'pine Springs, Tennessee. Chalybeate waters. absolute alcohol, and neutral solvents, but soluble
Four springs.' Used by drinking in anemia, in 70 to 80 per cent, alcohol; so called after the
digestive disorders, hay-fever, and general de- most conspicuous member of the group.
bility gliobacte'ria. Bacilli in a zooglea mass.
Gl£nard's disease' (gla-nar') [Frantz GlSnard, French gliococc'us. A micrococcus in a zooglea mass.
physician, 1848-1920.] Enteroptosia. G.'s test, glio'ma, pi. glio'mata, glio'mas [G. glia, glue, -|-
girdle test.* -oma.l ±. A
tumor formed of neuroglia cells. 2.
Glenn Spring, Tennessee. Alkaline -ferruginous- A
sarcoma springing from neuroglia, especially a
carbonated waters. Used by drinking in dis- sarcoma of the retina, g. endoph'ytum, a g. of the
orders of the digestive tract, liver, and kidneys. retina starting from the inner layers, g. ex-
Glenn Springs, South Carolina. Alkaline-calcic- oph'ytum, a g. of the retina starting from the outer
lithiated waters. Used by drinking in disorders layers, g. sarcomato'sum, gliosarcoma. g.
of the digestive tract, dyspepsia, diarrhea, dysen- telangiecto'des, a g. containing a great number of
tery, piles, torpidity of the liver, "biliousness," dilated blood-vessels.
and in the diseases of women. gUomatosis (gli-o-mah-to'sis). Hyperplasia of neu-
glenohumeial (gle-no-hu'mur-al) . Relating to roglia elements.
the glenoid cavity and the humerus. glio'matous. Relating to a glioma.
gle'noid [G. glene, a socket, + eidos, appearance.] gliomyxo'ma. A mixed glioma and myxoma.
Resembling a socket, noting two articular glioneuro'ma. A mixed tumor partaking of the
depressions entering into the formation of the characters of both glioma and neuroma.
shoulder-joint and the articulation of the jaw. glio'sa [G. glia, glue.] The gray substance of the
g. cav'ity, g. fos'sa, (i) a hollow formed by the g. spinal cord capping the head of the dorsal horn
surface of the external angle or head of the and encircling the central canal.
scapula and the g. ligament, which receives the gliosarco'ma. A mixed glioma and sarcoma; a
head of the humerus (2) fossa mandibularis of the
;
tumor of neuroglia tissue containing numerous
temporal bone which receives the condyle of imperfectly differentiated, vegetative, or embry-
the mandible, g. lig'ament, (i) a ring of dense onic cells; glioma sarcomatosum.
fibrous tissue attached to the margin of the gle- glio'sis. A condition marked by the occurrence of
noid surface of the scapula, forming with the latter overgrowth or tumors of the neuroglia, spinal
the g. fossa or cavity, labrum glenoidale [BNA]; g., syringomyelia.
(2) Cru->'eilhier's ligament, on the plantar surface glischrin (glis'krin) [G. glischros, gluey.] mucin- A
of each metatarsophalangeal articulation, g. like substance formed by the Bacillus glischrogenes
sur'f ace, a slightly concave oval surface on the head glischruria (glis-kru'ri-ah) [glischrin +
G. ouron,
of the scapula, forming with the g. ligament the g. urine.] The presence of glischrin in the urine.
fossa. Glis'son's cap'sule [Francis Glisson, English physi-
Glenola Springs, Virginia. Light iodic-alkaline- cian, 1596-1677.] Capsula fibrosa hepatis. G.'s
carbonated waters, 48° F. Several springs. oirrho'sis, perihepatitis.
Used by drinking in rheumatism, dyspepsia, and glissonitis (glis-on-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of Glis-
renal disorders. son 's capsule, or the connective tissue surround-
Glenospora (gle-nos'po-rah) [G. glene, honeycomb, ing the portal vein and the hepatic artery and
-I- sporos, seed.] A
genus of polymorphous bile-ducts.
fungi, one species of which, G. graphii, has been glo'bin. A histone obtained from hemoglobin.
found in cases of otomycosis. globinometer (glo-bin-om'e-tur) [G. metron, meas-
 .

GLOBINOMETEB 409 GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC

ure.] An instrument for determining the rela- glomer'ulus, glomer'uli [L. dim. of glomus, a
pi.
tive proportions of hemoglobin. skein.] i. A
plexus of capillaries. 2. Atuft
glo'bon. Anutrient preparation of albumin from formed of capillary loops at the beginning of
nuclein. each urinif erous tubule in the kidney this tuft with
;

glob'ular. Spherical, globe-shaped. its capsule (Bowman's capsule) constitutes the

globular'etin. A decomposition product, CjHjO, of Malpighian body. 3. The twisted secretory
globularin. portion of a sweat gland.
glob'ularin. An amorphous bitter principle, a glo'mus [L. a skin, a ball.] A conglomeration or
glucoside, CisN^jO,, from Globularia alypum, a plexus of minute arteries or veins, g. carot'icum,
shrub of southern Europe; it is employed with g. carotid'eum, carotid gland, nodulus inter-
globularetin, vmder the trade name prasoid, in caroticus, glandula carotica; a small oval struc-
the treatment of gout and rheumatism. ture, about s mm. in length, lying in the bifurca-
globule (glob'iil) [L. globulus, dim. of globus, a ball.] tion of the common carotid artery; it is formed
I.A small spherical body of any kind. 2. A of a number of lobules each composed of several
small pill or granule, usually containing an alka- glomeruli formed of tufts of capillaries which
loid; or one of sugar of milk impregnated with a unite to make an efferent vein the capillaries are
;

homeopathic remedy. 3. A cell of the blood or surrounded by epithelioid cells; the function of
lymph. 4. A fat droplet in milk, direct'ing g., the gland is unknown, g. chorioid'eum, chorioid
extru'sion g., po'lar g., polar body. skein, a marked enlargement of the chorioid
globulicidal (glob"u-U-si'dal) [L. globulus +
ctedere, plexus of the lateral ventricle at the junction of
to kill.] Destructive to the blood-corpuscles, the central part with the inferior horn. g.
especially the erythrocytes; hemolytic. coccyge'um, coccygeal gland, Luschka's gland,
globulicide (glob'u-11-sid.) i. Globulicidal. 2. An a structure similar to the g. caroticum, situated
agent which is destructive to the blood- at the termination of the sacral artery near the
corpuscles. tip of the coccyx.
globulif' eroos [L. globulus, globule, 4- ferre, to bear.] glonoin (glo'no-in). Trinitroglycerol, C3H5(NOs)j,
Containing globules or corpuscles, especially red nitroglycerin.*
blood-corpuscles. glonoinism (glo'no-in-izm). Poisoning by nitro-
globulim'eter [L. globulus, globule, +
G. metron, glycerin, or glonoin.
measure.] Cytometer. glossa (glos'ah) [G.] Lingua, tongue.
glob'ulin [L. globulus, globule.] Asimple protein glossag'ra [G. glossa, tongue, + agra, a seizure.]
insoluble ill pure water, but soluble in a o 5 to i . Glossalgia of gouty origin.
per cent, solution of a neutral salt, and coagulable gloss'al. Relating to the tongue.
by heat; varieties of g. are present in blood, glossal'gia [G. glossa, tongue, + algos, pain.] Glos-
milk, and muscle. sodynia, pain in the tongue.
globulinuria (glob"u-lin-u'r!(-ah). The excretion of glossan'thrax [G. glossa, tongue, -f- anthrax, a live
globulin in the urine, usually, if not always, in coal.] Carbuncle of the tongue.
connection with serum-albumin. glossec'tomy [G. glossa, tongue, -I- ektome, excision.]
globulorysis [L. globulus, globule, -I- G. lysis, solu- Elinguation, excision or amputation of the tongue.
tion.] Hemocytolysis. Glossi'na [G. glossa, tongue.] A genus of biting
glob'ulus [L.] Globule, g. medulla'ris, nucleus flies, tsetse flies. G. mor'sitans, the agent in the
globosus [BNA]. transmission of Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite
glo'bus [L.] A round body, sphere, ball, globe, g. of nagana, a fatal cattle disease of South Africa,
hyster'icus, a sensation as of a ball in the throat and of r. rhodesiense, one of the pathogenic agents
or as if the throat were compressed, occurring in of sleeping sickness. G. pallid'ipes, a species
the emotional attacks of major hysteria, and which, like G. morsitans, also transmits the para-
also in minor hysterical conditions, g. ma'jor, site of nagana. G. palpa'lis, a species of G. which
caput epididymidis, the upper and larger ex- transmits Trypanoso-ina gambiense, one of the
tremity of the epididymis, g. mi'nor, cauda pathogenic parasites of sleeping sickness.
epididymidis, the lower and smaller extremity glossitis (glos-si'(se')tis) [G. 'gZo«o, tongue, + -iiis.}

of the epididymis, g. pallidus [BNA], pale Inflammation of the tongue, g. area'ta exfoliati'-
globe, one of the two inner, smaller, and lighter va, geographical tongue, g. desic'cans, a painful

gray, of the three portions into which the lenti- affection of the tongue, of unknown origin, in
form or lenticular nucleus is divided by laminae which the surface becomes raw and fissured, g.
of white substance. parasitica, glossophytia, black tongue.*
glome. I. Glomus. 2. The prominent rounded glossocele (glos'o-sel) [G. glossa, tongue, -I- kele,
part of the frog of a horse's hoof on either side of tumor, hernia.] Protrusion of the tongue from
the cleft. the mouth owing to its excessive size.
glom'erate [L. glomerate, to wind into a ball.] Con- glossocinesthetic, glossocinaesthetic (glos"o-sin-
glomerate; noting the usual gland-structure, con- es-thet'ik) [G. glossa, tongue, -|- kinesis, move-
sisting of a mass of capillaries surrounding the ment, -t- perceptive.]
disihetikos, Noting the
secreting cells, as distinguished from the con- subjective sensation of the movements of the
globate, or lymph glands. tongue.
glomer'ular. Relating to a glomerulus; clustered, gloss"odynamom'eter [G. glossa, tongue, -I- dynamis,
glomerulate. power, + metron, measiire.] An apparatus for
glomerule (glom'er-ul). Glomerulus. estimating the contractile force of the tongue
glomerulitis (glom-er-u-li'(!e')tis). Inflammation of muscles.
a glomerulus, specifically of the renal glomeruli, glossodyn'ia [G. glossa, tongue, +
odyne, pain.]
glomerulonephritis Glossalgia, pain in the tongue.
(glom-er"u-lo-ne-fri' (f re') tis) glossoepiglottic, glossoepiglottidean (glos"o-ep-i-glot'-
glomerulonephritis
ik, glos"o-ep-I-gl6-tid'e-an). Relating to the ton-
Parenchymatous nephritis withpronouncedlesions
in the glomeruli.
gue and the epiglottis, g. folds, three folds
of mucous membrane, pliccB epiglotticts, pass-
glomerulose (glom-er'u-los). Glomerular, glomeru-
ing from the base of the tongue to the epiglot-
late.
GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC 410 GLUTOFORM
tis. g. lig'ament, an elastic ligamentous band glucohe'mia, glucohae'mia. Glycosemia.
passing from the base of the tongue to the epi- glucorysis Glycolysis.
glottis in the middle g. fold. glucoprotein (glu"-ko-pro'te-in). Glycoprotein.
gloss'ograph [G. glossa, tongue, + graphs, I write.] gluco'samine. Glycosamine.
An instrument for recording the movements of gluco'sazone. See phenylglucosazone.
the tongue in speaking. glucose (glu'kos) [G. gleukos, sweet new wine.]
glossohyal (glos-o-hi'al) Relating to the tongue
. Grape sugar, dextrose.* The glucose of the
and the hyoid bone, hyoglossal. U.S. P. (glucosum) is defined as a thick syrupy
gloss'okinesthet'ic, glossokinssthefic. Glossocin- liquid obtained by the incomplete hydrolysis of
esthetic. starch, composed mainly of dextrose and various
glossology (glos-ol'o-ji) [G. glossa, tongue, + dextrins.
-logic] Glottology. i. The branch of med- glucoside (glu'ko-sid). The name of a class of sub-
ical science dealing with the tongue and its stances in plants, often forming the active thera-
diseases. 2. The definition of the terms of any peutic principle, .which can be resolved into glu-
science, the science of nomenclature, ono- cose and an acid.
matology. glu'cosin. Trade name of a non-saccharine sub-
glossolysis (glos-ol'i-sis) [G. glossa, tongue, lysis, + stitute for sugar.
a loosing.] Paralysis of the tongue, glossoplegia. gluco'sum (U.S.) [G. gleukos, sweet new wine.]
glossopalati'mis. See under musculus. Glucose.
glossop'athy [G. glossa, tongue, -I- pathos, suffering.] glucosu'ria. Glycosuria.
A disease of the tongue. glu'cusimide. Glusidum.
glossophaiyngeal (glos"o-far-in'je-al). Relating to Gluge's cor'puscles (gloo'gsh) [Gottlieb Gluge,
the tongue and the pharynx. Belgian histologist, 1812-1898.] Large pus cells
gloss"ophaiynge'us. See under musculus. containing fat droplets, products of degeneration
glossophytia (glos"o-fi'tI-ah) [G. glossa, tongue, -I- of red blood-cells, bacteria, etc.
phyton, plant.] Black tongue,* nigrities linguse. glu'lol. Trade name for formalin-gelatin, a whitish
glossophyton (glos"o-fi'ton) [G. glossa, tongue, H- granular powder prepared by the action of formic
phyion, plant.] A fungus found in the epithelial aldehyde on gelatin used as an antiseptic dressing.
;

debris in cases of nigrities linguae or black tongue.* glume [L. gluma, husk.] The bract of any of the
gloss'oplasty [G. glossa, tongue, + plasso, I form.] grasses.
'
Reparative or plastic surgery of the tongue. gluside, glusidum (glu'sid, glu'si-dum) (Br.). Glu-
glossoplegia (glos^'o-ple'ji-ah) [G. glossa, tongue, + cusimide, glucide, benzosulphinidum (U.S.),
plege, stroke.] Paralysis of the tongue, glossoly- saccharin, a sweet imide derived from toluene,
sis. employed as a substitute for sugar in cases of
glossorrhaphy (glos-sor'3.-fl) [G. glossa, tongue, -1- diabetes mellitus and obesity.
rhaphe, seam.] Suture of a wound of the tongue. glutae'us, glute'us.See tmder musculus.
glossospasm (glos'o-spazm) [G. glossa, tongue, -I- glutamic acid (glu-tam'ik as'id). An amino-acid
spasmos, spasm.] Spasmodic contraction of the occurring as a decomposition product of protein,
tongue. COOH.CH.NH2.CH2.CH2.COOH.
gloss'otilt [G. glossa, tongue, -t- tilld, I pull.] An glutan'nin.Trade name of a compound of tannin
instrument for making traction on the tongue. and vegetable albumin, recommended as an
glossot'omy [G. glossa, tongue, -I- tome, incision.] astringent in diarrhea in doses of gr. 10-15
Any cutting operation on the tongue. (o 6-1 o) three or four times a day.
. .

glossotrichia (glos-o-trikl-ah) [G. glossa, tongue, -I- gluteal (glu'te-al) [G. glouios, buttock.] Relating to
thrix(irich-), hair.] A condition in which the the buttocks, g. ar'tery, arteria glutaea. g. crest,
papillae of the tongue are greatly elongated, hairy crista glutaea. g. fold, gluteofemoral crease, the
tongue. crease between the buttock and the thigh.
glott'ic. Relating to (i) the tongue or (2) the glottis. g. line, linea glutaea. g. muscles, see under
glottis (glot'is) [G. glottis, aperture of the larynx.] musculus. g. nerve, nervus glutaeus. g. re-
The vocal apparatus of the larynx, consisting of gion, the region of the buttocks, g. ridge, crista
the labia vocalia, or folds of mucous membrane glutsea. g. tuberos'ity, tuberositas glutaea. g.
investing the vocal ligament and vocal muscle vein,vena comes of the g. artery.
on each side, the free edges of which are the glu'telln. One of a class of simple proteins occur-
vocal cords, and of a median fissure, the rima ring in the seeds of grain, soluble in dilute acids
glottidis. false g., g. spuria, g. respirato'rie, and alkalies, but not in neutral solutions.
pars intercartilaginea [BNA], the posterior glu'ten [L. glue.] Wheat-gum; the insoluble pro-
portion of the rima glottidis between the aryte- tein constituent of wheat and other grains, a
noid cartilages, g. spu'ria, false glottis, rima compound of mucedin, gliadin, gluten-fibrin,
vestibuK, the interval between the false vocal gluten-casein, and possibly other proteins.
cords, g. ve'ra, true glottis, rima glottidis, gluten-casein (glu'ten-ka'se-in). A protein resem-
the interval between the true vocal cords. bling casein, present in gluten.
g, voca'Us, pars intermembranacea [BNA], glu'ten-fi'brin. A yellowish protein resembling
the anterior portion of the rima glottidis between fibrin, present in gluten.
the vocal cords, true g., g. vera. gluteofem'oral. Relating to the buttocks and the
glottitis (gl6-ti'(te')tis). Glossitis. thigh, g. crease, gluteal* fold.
glottol'ogy [G. glossa, glotta, tongue, -t- -logia.] gluteo-in'guinal. Relating to the buttock and the
Glossology. groin.
glu'case. A ferment converting starch into glucose. glute'us. Glutasus; see under musculus.
glu'cln. Trade name of sodium
amidotriazin- glu'tin. Gliadin (i).
sulphonate, a sweetening substance similar to glu'tinous. Adhesive, sticky,
saccharin. glutitis (glu-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the mus-
glucl'num [G. glykys, sweet.] A chemical element, cles of the buttock.
symbol Gl, atomic weight 9.1; a white metal be- glu'tofonn. Collaform, glutei, formaldehyde-gela-
longing to the alkaline earths called also beryllium'
; tin; a white insoluble powder, made by adding
GLUTOFORM 411 GLYCOGENOLYSIS

formaldehyde to a solution of gelatin; recom- (N.F.), glycerite of pepsin, glycerinum

g. pepsi'ni
mended as an antiseptic dusting powder. pepsini (Br.); each fluidram (4.0) contains pepsin
gr. s (0.3) and hydrochloric acid lilS (o 04) in equal
glu'toid. A substance composed of a, mixture of .

parts of glycerin and water; digestive in doses of

formaldehyde and gelatin, used for making
3i— I (2.0-4.0).
capsuled or coating pills, when it is desired to act g. pheno'lis (U.S.), glycerinum acidi carbolici (Br.),
especially on the intestinal mucous membrane; glycerite of phenol, glycerin of carbolic acid; employed
the substance dissolves in the intestinal juices locally as an antipruritic and internally as an antiseptic
but is insoluble in the stomach. in dose of UPs (0.3).
glu'tol. Glutoform. g. pi'cis liq'uidse (N.F.), glycerite of tar; each dose
of 5 1 (4.0) contains gr. 4 (0.25) of tar in a mixture of
glu'tolin. An albuminoid body foimd in small alcohol 12. 5, glycerin 25, and water 62.5; expectorant,
quantity with the paraglobulin precipitated and used externally in dermatology.
from the blood-plasma by magnesium sulphate. g. plum'bi subaceta'tis, glycerinum plumbi sub-
Gluzin'sld's test [Anton Cluzinski, Lemberg physi- acetatis (Br.), glycerite or glycerin of lead subacetate;
cian, contemporary.] For bile: the suspected employed externally as a substitute for Goulard's
extract.
fluid is boiled in a test-tube with formalin when ;
g. tragacan'thse (N.P.), glycerite of tragacanth,
a green color appears hydrochloric acid is added, glycerinum tragacanthas (Br.); a paste of tragacanth,
the color then changing to violet' if bile-pigments glycerin, and water, used as a pill mass.
are present.
glycase (gli'kaz). An enzyme acting on maltose to
glycerogelatinum, pi. glycerogelati'na (glis"er-o-jel
conyert it into dextrose. a-ti'num) (N.F.). Glycerogelatin, gelatinum* gly-
cerinatum. g. ac'idi salicyl'ici (N.F.), salicylic
glyceleum (gU-sel-e'um) [glycerin + G. elaion, oil.]
acid glycerogelatin; salicylic acid 10, glycerin and
A mixture of olive oil 6, glycerin 2, and almond water each 35, glycerinated gelatin 20. g. iodo-
meal i used as a base for ointments.
;
for'mi (N.F.), iodoform glycerogelatin; iodoform
glyce'mia, glycse'mia. Glycosemia.
10, glycerin 15, water 65, glycerinated gelatin 10. g.
glycerid, glyceride (gUs'er-id, -id). An ester, or zin'ci du'rum (N.F.), firm zinc glycerogelatin; zinc
"salt " of glycerol.
oxide 10, glycerin 25, water 35, glycerinated gela-
glycerin (glis'er-in). Glycerinum. g. jell'y, a mix-
tin 30. g. zin'ci mol'le (N.F.), soft zinc glycero-
ture of glycerin, gelatin, and zinc oxide, used ex-
gelatin; zinc oxide 10, glycerin 35, water 35,
ternally in the treatment of certain skin diseases.
glycerinated gelatin 20.
glyceri'num [G. glykeros, sweet.] (U.S., Br.)
glycerol (glis'er-ol). Glycerin, glycerite.
Glycerin, glycerol, t. A sweet oily fluid,
glycerophosphates (glis"er-o-fos'fats). Salts of var-
CsHjCOH),, obtained by the saponification of ious metals, metallic earths, and alkaloids with
fats and fixed oils; employed as a solvent, as an
glycerophosphorio acid; they are used in depressed
application to roughened and chapped skin, and
states of nutrition of the nervous system.
by injection or in the form of suppository for glycerose (glis'er-oz). A sugar formed by the
constipation. 2. Same as glyceritum. g. ac'idi
oxidation of glycerin.
bo'rici (Br.), glyceritum boroglycerini (U.S.). g.
glyceryl (glis'er-il) \glyceTin + G. hylS, stuff.] Pro-
ac'idi carbol'ici (Br.), glyceritum phenolis (U.S.).
penyl, the trivalent radicle, C,Hj, of glycerol, or
glycerite (glis'er-it). Glyceritum.
glycerin, g. bu'tyrate, C3Hj(C4H,Oj)„ butter-fat.
glyceritum, gen. glyceri'ti,-p\. glyceri'ta (glis-er-i'tum).
gly'cin. Acidum amido-aceticum.
Glycerinum (2), glycerite, glycerol, a pharma-
ceutical preparation made by triturating the ac-
glycobac'ter [G. glykys, sweet, +
bakterion, bacter-

tive substance with glycerin.

ium.] A
microorganism, found in the intestine of
the dog, which converts protein into sugar.
glycocholate (gli-ko-kol'at) A
salt of glycocholic
.

tan'nici (U.S.), glycerinum ac dl tannic!

(. ac'idi acid.
(Br.), glycerite, or glycerin, of tannic acid or of tan- glycocholic acid (gli-ko-kol'ik as'id) [G. glykys,
nin; employed externally and internally to meet the sweet, -I- chole, bile.] The chief acid of the bile,
indications of tannin; dose, ll]Jio-3o (0.6-2.0).
occurring in combination with alkalies. •

g. alu'minis, glycerinum aluminis (Br.), glycerite

gly'cocin. GlycocoU, acidum* amidoaceticum.
or glycerin of alum; employed externally as an astrin-
gent. gly'cocoll. I. Any one of the fatty amino-acids.

g.am'yli (U.S.), glycerinum amyli (Br.), glycerite 2. Acidum aminoaceticum. trimeth'yl g.,
or glycerin of starch; employed as an emollient betaine.
application. glycofor'mal. A
disinfectant solution of glycerin
g. bismu'thi (N.F.), glycerite of bismuth; each flui- and formaldehyde in water.
dram (4.0) contains bismuth and sodium tartrate glycogel'atin. A mixture of glycerin and gelatin,
gr. 15 (i.o) in equal parts of glycerin and water;
used as a base for ointments.
employed as an astringent in gastric and intestinal
diseases in doses of 11]38-I5 (0.5-1.0).
glycogen (gli'ko-jen) [G. glykys, sweet, -I- gennao, I
g, bora'cis, glycerinum boracis (Br.), glycerite or
produce.] A carbohydrate (CeHioOj) found in
glycerin of borax, employed locally in the treatment most of the actively functioning cells of the
of aphthae and other forms of stomatitis. body, especially those of the liver and muscu-
g, boroglyceri'ni (U.S.), glycerinum acidi borici lar tissue; it is readily converted into glucose;
(Br.), glycerite of boroglycerin or of glyceryl borate, animal starch.
glycerin of boric acid; used locally in otorrhea and in
glycogenal (gli-koj'en-al). An animal preparation
uterine congestion.
resembling glycogen; employed as a tonic and
g. f er'ri, quini'nse et strychni'nse phospha'tum, glyc-
erite of the phosphates of iron, quinine, and strychnine;
bactericide;. dose gr. J—§ (0.02-0.04).
employed to make the syrup or given in place of the glycogenesis (gli-ko-jen'e-sis) [G. glykys, sweet, +
syrup as a tonic in doses of 15115-60 {i .0-4 .0). genesis, production.] The formation of glucose
g. guai'aci (N.F.), glycerite of guaiac; each dose of or of glycogen.
IIB30 (z.o) contains guaiac gr. 24 (0.17) and solution glycogenet'ic, glycogen'ic. Relating to glycogene-
of potassium hydroxide 11)32 (0.13) in a solution of
sis, or the function of glucose formation.
glycerin 65 and water 3 s alterative and emmenagogue.
glycogenolysis (gli-ko-jen-ol'i-sis) [glycogen + G.
;

g, hydras'tis (U.S.), glycerite of hydrastis; astrin-

gent and antiphlogistic locally and internally in doses lysis, solution.] The hydrolysis of glycogen, and
of II)!iS-3o (1.0-2.0). its conversion into glucose.
GLYCOGENOUS 412 GNOSCOPW

glycogenous (gli-koj'en-us). Glycogenetic. glycothy'molin. Trade name of a solution

glycogeny (gli-koj'en-e). Glycogenesis. various antiseptics, used as a wash in catarrl
troubles of the mucous membranes, and for otl
glycohe'mia, glycohae'mia [G. glykys, sweet, +
haima, blood.] Glycosemia, the abnormal pres- purposes.
glycuresis (gli-ku-re'sis) [G. glykys, sweet,
ence of sugar, glucose, in the circulating blood.
ouresis, turination.] Pathological excretion
glycoher'oine. Trade name of a cough remedy
sugar in the urine.
containing heroine and various expectorants.
glycyltryptophan (gli"sil-trip'to-fan). A synthe
glycol (gli'kol). I. One of a group of bivalent
protein (dipeptid) containing the molecu
alcohols which can form two series of esters with
radicals of glycin and tryptophan, employed ai
monobasic acids. 2. Ethylene glycol, CHs.-
test for cancer of the stomach; it is mixed wi
OH.CH2OH. g. al'dehyde, diose, the simplest the suspected stomach contents and incubat
possible sugar, C2H4O2 or CHjOH.COH. for twenty-four hours, at the end of which tin
glycolu'ric acid. Uramidoacetic acid, hydantoic* if a peptidolytic enzyme is present (indicati
acid. cancer), tryptophan will have been formed.
glycorysis [G. glykys, sweet, + lysis, a loosening.] glycyrrhiza (glis-i-ri'zah) [G. glykys, sweet, -f- rhi.
The hydrolysis of sugar in the body. root.] (U.S.) Glycyrrhizse radix (Br.), licori(
glycolyt'ic. Relating to glycolysis; hydrolyzing root or liquorice-root; the dried rhizome a:
sugar. root of Glycyrrhiza glabra and allied specii
glyconeogenesis (gli"ko-ne-o-jen'e-sis) [G. glykys, demulcent, slightly laxative, and expectorai
sweet, + neos, new, -f genesis, origin.] The for- and also employed to disguise the taste of otl
mation of carbohydrates, especially of grape remedies; dose, gr. 15—60 (1.0—4.0).
sugar, from substances which are themselves not glycyrrhi'zic acid. A brown gelatinous substar
carbohydrates, such as protein or fat. of a bitter-sweet taste, obtained from licorice-roi
gly'conin. Trade name of a preparation of yolk glycyrrhizin (glis-ir'i-zin). Glycyrrhizinum, a sws
of egg and glycerin. principle, C^^HjjNOu, the ammonium salt
glycophe'nol. Saccharin. glycyrrhizic acid, precipitated from a hot soluti
glycophilia (gli-ko-fU'i-ah) [G. glykys, sweet, -|- as a jelly; dried, it occurs as a yellow powc
philia, fondness.] A
condition in which there having a bitter-sweet taste.
is a marked tendency to hyperglycemia, this glycyrrhizi'num ammonia'tum (U.S.) Amm
resulting from the ingestion of a very small niated glycyrrhizin, occurs in reddish broT
amount of glucose. scales of sweet taste; employed for the same pi
glycopolyuria (gli"ko-pol-I-u'ri-ah) [G. glykys, sweet, poses as other licorice preparations in do£
+ polys, much, -i- ouron, urine.] Diabetes mel- of gr- 5-15 (o-3-i-°)-
litus in which the polyuria is more marked than glyke'mia, glykse'mia. Glycosemia.
the glycosuria. gm. Abbreviation for gram, or gramme.
glycoprotein (gli"-ko-pro'te-in). Glucoprotein, one Gmel'in's test [Leopold Gmelin, German physiologi
of a group of protein-carbohydrate compounds 1788-1853.] To the suspected liquid in a te;
(conjugated proteins), among which the most tube nitric acid containing a little nitrous acid
important are the mucins, mucoid, and amyloid. very cautiously added, and if bile (bilirubin)
glycoptyalism (gli-ko-ti'al-izm) [G. glykys, sweet, -H present, at the line of contact of the two liqui
piyalon, saliva.] The excretion of glucose in the are seen a number of colored discs formed by t
saliva. varying degrees of oxidation of the bilirub:
'

glycorrhachia (gli-kS-rak'J-ah) [G. glykys, sweet, the colors being, from the line of contact outwaj
-\- rhachis, spine.] The presence of sugar in the yellow, red, violet, blue, green; the green a
cerebrospinal fluid. violet are essential to the vilidity of the test.
glycorrhea, glycorrhoea (gli-kor-re'ah) [G. glykys, gnat (nat) [A. S. gntst.] A mosquito, a mid]
sweet, + rhoia, flow.] A discharge of sugar from buffalo g., Simulium.
the body; glycosuria. gnathalgia (nath-al'ji-ah) [G. gnathos, jaw,
gly'cosal. Trade name for monosalicylic glycerin- algos, pain.] Pain in the jaw, gnathodynia.
ester; employed as a urinary antiseptic in doses gnathic (nath'ik) [G. gnathos, jaw.] Relating to t
of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1 .0), and externally in eczema, jaw or alveolar process, g. inMeXj see under ind^
sciatica, and rheumatism. gnathion (nathl-on) [G. gnathos, jaw.] A cran
glycosamine (gli-kos-am'en). Aderivative of metric point, being the lowest part of the midc
glucose, CeHisNOs, obtained by the decom- line of the mandible.
position of chitin. gnathitis (nath-i'(e')tis) [G. gnathos, the lov
glycosecretory (gli"ko-se-kre'to-rI). Determining the jaw, -I- -itis.] Inflammation of the jaw.
secretion of glycogen. gnathocepbalus (nath-o-sef'al-us). A monster w:
glycose'mia, glycosae'mia [G. glykys, sweet, + little of the head parts except the lower jaw.
haima, blood.] Glucemia, glucohemia, glukemia, gnathodynamometer (nath"o-di"n&-mom'e-tur) [

glycemia, glycohemia, glykemia, the abnormal gnathos, jaw, -1- dynamis, force, + metrt
presence of sugar in the circulating blood. measure. ] An instrument used in measuring 1
gly'coside. Glucoside. force used in closing the jaws (see cut on p. 41
glycosom'eter [G. glykys, sweet, -I- metron, measure.] gnathodynia (nath-o-dinl-ah) [G. gnathos, jaw,
An instrument for determining the proportion odyne, pain.] Pain in the jaw, gnathalgia.
of sugar in the urine in glycosuria. gnathoplasty (nath'o-plas-tl) [G. gnathos, jaw,
glycosuria (gli-ko-su'rl-ah) [glycose, glucose, -1- G. plasso, I form.] Reparative surgery of the jaT
ouron, urine.] The excretion of sugar (glucose) in Gnathostoma (n&-thos'to-mah) [G. gnathos, ja
the urine. aUmen'tary g., g. appearing after the in- + stoma, mouth.] A genus of nematoid worr
gestion of a moderate amount of sugar, which formerly called Chiracanthus; several spec
normally is disposed of without symptoms, phlor'- are parasitic in the cat tribe, cattle, and swi:
idzin or phlor'izin g., the presence of sugar in the G, siamen'se, a species found in a tumor of 1
urine after the experimental administration of skin in a Siamese.
phloridzin. gnoscopine (nos'ko-pen). An alkaloid CjjHjjN'
GNOSCOPINE 413 GOLGI'S CELL

isolated from the mother liquor of narceine, of the thyroid gland due to the growth of
occurring in the form of acicular crystals. encapsulated adenomata within its substance.
gnosia (no'si-ah) [G. gnosis, knowledge.] The Basedow'ified g., toxic g. coll'oid g., a form in
perceptive faculty enabling one to recognize the which the contents of the follicles increase
form and the nature of persons and things. greatly, causing pressure atrophy of the epithe-
Go'a pow'der [Goa, a Portuguese possession on the lium so that the gelatinous matter predominates
Malabar Coast of India, to which the drug was in the tumor, cys'tic g., bronchocele, an en-
brought from Brazil.] Araroba, crude chrys- largement in the thyroid region due to the
arobin. presence of one or more cysts within the gland.
di'ver g., wandering g,., a freely movable g.
which sometimes above and sometimes below
is
the sternal notch, ezophthal'mic g., Graves'
disease, Basedow's, Begbie's, Marsh's, Parry's,
Parson's, or Flajani's disease; a disease marked
by the enlargement of the thyroid gland,
prominence of the eyeballs, rapid action of the
heart, muscular tremor, and nervous irritability.
follic'ular parenchymatous g. lin'gual g.,
g.,
a swelling at the posterior portion of the dorsum
of the tongue, due to hyperplasia of the remains
The Gnathodykamometer, designed for measuring of the upper portion of the thyroglossal* duct.
the strength of the bitd. C and C are rubber pads, which parenchy'matous g., a form in which there is
are_ placed between the teeth, and the pressure exerted is
registered in pounds by the pointer, E. moving along the
a great increase in the follicles with proliferation
scale, D. of the epithelium, subster'nal g., enlargement of
the thyroid gland confined chiefly to the lower
gob'let-cell. See under cell. part of the isthmus, suffocative g., one that
Godbold Mineral Well, Mississippi. Chalybeate by pressure causes extreme dyspnea, tox'ic g.,
waters. Used by drinking in diarrhea, dysen- one which forms toxic material or an excessive
tery, and in disorders of the liver and kidneys. secretion, giving rise to toxemic symptoms
God£lier's law (go-da-le-a') [Charles Pierre Godtlier, wan'dering g., diver g.
French physician, 1813-1877.] Tuberculosis of gold. The metallic element, aurum.* g. cure,
the peritoneum is always associated with tuber- Keeley cure. g. equiv'alent, a unit of power of
culosis of the pleura on one or both sides. the protective colloids; the number of milligrams
Godesberg, Germany (go'des-berg). Alkaline-saline- of protective colloid which is just insufficient to
chalybeate waters. Two springs. Used by prevent the prec'pitation of 10 c.c. of a 0,0053-
drinlcing and bathing in anemia, neurasthenia, 0.0058 per cent, gold solution by the action of
and diseases of women. May i to September 30. I c.c. of a 10 per cent, sodium chloride solu-
God'frey's cor'dial. Mistura sassafras et opii (N.F.). tion, g. sol test, Lange's* test.
godovnik boil (g8-dov'nek) [R. godovoy, annual.] golden seal. Hydrastis.
Oriental boil.* Goldflam's disease' (golt'flahm) [S. Goldflam, Polish
Goetsch's skin reac'tion (goch) [Emil Goetsch, physician, contemporary.] Erb-Goldflam's dis-
American physician, *i883.] A
test for hyper- ease, myasthenia gravis.
thyroidism: following the subcutaneous in- Gold'hom's stain. A modified Romanowsky stain;
jection into the arm of i c.c. of a 1-2000 solu- a solution is made of lithium carbonate, 2 gm.,
tion of epinephrin a white area surrounded by a in water 200 c.c, to which is added methylene
red areola is formed; in about 30 minutes the blue, 2 gm. this is heated and made nearly neu-
;

white area takes on a bluish gray to lavender tral by acetic acid and then a i per cent, eosin
tint lasting from 60 to 90 minutes; the red solution is added to make a pale blue, slightly
areola then assumes this color which disappears fluorescent solution; this is allowed to stand a
from the center; the lavender areola persists day and is then filtered; the precipitate is dried
for 2 to 2 1 hours, or 4 hours after the injection; and dissolved in wood alcohol to make the stain.
this reaction is indicative of hyperthyroidism Goldscheider's meth'od (g5lt'shi-der) [Alfred Gold-
and may be accompanied by rapid pulse, scheider, Berlin physician, *i8s8.] Orthoper-
palpitation, and an increase in the nervous cussion.
symptoms. gold'thread. Coptis.
GoSe's opera'tion (gof) [J. Riddle Gofje, gynecologist golfer's foot. Apainful condition of the foot
of New York, *i8si.] An operation for the resulting from a breaking down of the anterior
relief of vaginal cystocele, by freeing the bladder arch, or anterior metatarsal curved area, occur-
from the vaginal wall, rotating it on its transverse ring in golfers and others.
axis and stitching the base to the face of the golf-hole ure'teral or'ifice. A retracted funnel-
uterus; the bladder is then attached to the shaped condition of the ureteral orifice in the
broad ligament on cither side. wall of the bladder, due often to tuberculosis or a
Goggia's sign (god-jyah). The fibrillation of the secondary sclerosis of the ureter.
biceps muscle, when pinched and tapped, is Gol'gi's cell (gol'je) [Camillo Golgi, Italian anatomist
confined to a limited area in cases of debilitating 1844-1919.] Anerve-cell in the cerebral cortex
disease, whereas in health it is general. and posterior columns of the cord, having a short
goiter, goitre (goy'ter) [Fr. from L. guttur, throat.] axon which breaks up into very numerous
Bronchocele, struma; a chronic enlargement branches but does not emerge from the gray
of the thyroid gland, not due to a neoplasm, occur- matter; its office appears to be to bring neighbor-
ring endemically in certain localities, especially ing cells into relation with each other. G.'s
mountainous regions, and sporadically elsewhere. cor'puscles, G.'s organs. G.'s fun'nels, G.'s
aber'rant g., enlargement of a supernumerary organs. G.'s law, the number of parasites
thyroid gland, acute' g., one that develops determines the severity of the malarial attack.
very rapidly, adeno'matous g., an enlargement G.'s meth'od 01 staining nerve-cells and their
 ;

GOLGI'S CELL 414 GONOCOCCICIDE

processes, nerve-fibers, and the neuroglia cells: gonangiectomy (gon-an-ji-ek'to mi) [G. gone, seed, -I-

(a) rapid method (for embryonic specimens) angeion, vessel,-I- ekiome, excision.] Excision of
— place in G.'s osmiobichromate solution, a portion of the vas deferens, vasectomy.
wash in distilled water, and dip in a 75 per gonarthritis (gon-ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. gony, knee,
cent, solution of silver nitrate; (6) mixed —
+ arihron, joint, -\ itis.'\ Inflammation of the
—
method place in Muller's fluid for 4 or 5 days,
then in G.'s osmiobichromate solution for 24
knee-joint.
gonarthrocace (gon-ar-throk'a,-se) [G. gony, knee, +
hours, and finally in a 75 per cent, solution of arthron, joint, +kake, vice.] White swelling,
silver nitrate (c) slow method
;
—
harden in Muller's tuberculosis of the knee-joint.
fluid for 5 or 6 weeks, then stain with (i) a 0.5 gonarthTomeningitis (gon-ar"thro-men-in-ji'(je')tis)
per cent, solution of silver nitrate and (2) a o. 75 [G. gony, knee, -f- arihron, joint, -t- meninx,
per cent, solution of silver nitrate, soaking membrane, +
-ilis?^ Synovitis of the knee.
indefinitely in the latter. G.'s or'gans, neuro- gonarthrot'omy [G. gony, knee, +
arthron, joint, +
tendinous spindles; the beginnings of sensory tome, incision.] Incision into the knee-joint.
nerve-fibrils in tendons as rings, spirals, or rami- gonatag'ra [G. gony(gonair-), knee, +
agra, seizure.]
fying branches on the surface of the tendon-fibers Gout In the knee.
they are located at the junctions of the muscular gonatocele (gon-at'o-sel) [G. gony{gonat-), knee, +
and tendinous fibers. G.'s os"imol)ichro'mate kele, tumor.] White swelling; tumor of the
solu'tion, I per cent, osmic acid solution, 2 parts, knee.
8 per cent, potassium bichromate solution, i part. gonecyst, gonecystis (gon'e-sist, gon-e-sis'tis) [G.
G.'s the'ory, the neurons do not anastomose by gone, semen, -1- kystis, bladder.] Seminal vesi-
the dendrites, but are brought into relation with cle.
each other by the arborizations of the neuraxons gonecystitis (gon-e-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. gone, semen, -I-

of G.'s cells and the collaterals of the neuraxons of kysiis, bladder, +

-itis.] Inflammation of a
Deiters' cells. seminal vesicle, seminal vesiculitis.
GoU's col'umn [Priedrich Goll, Swiss anatomist gonecystolith (gon-e-sis'to-lith) [G. gone, semen, -I-
1829-1903.] Fasciculus gracilis [BNA]. G.'s kystis, bladder, + lithos, stone.] A
concretion or
fi'bers, nerve;fibers running from G.'s nucleus to calculus in a seminal vesicle.
the vermis. G.'s nu'cleus, a collection of gang- gonepoiesis (gon-e-poy-e'sis) [G. gone, semen, +
lion cells at the proximal extremity of G.'s col- poiesis, a producing.] The production or secre-
umn in the region of the clava. tion of semen, spermatogenesis.
Gol'onbov's sign. Tenderness on percussion over the gonepoietic (gon-e-poy-et'ik). Relating to gone-
epiphyses of the long bones, especially the tibia, poiesis,spermatogenic.
in chlorosis. gonidium, pi. gonidia (g6-nid'if-um, gS-nid'i-ah)
Goltz's exper'iment [Friedrich Leopold Goliz, Ger- [dim. of G. gcme, seed.] i. A chlorophyl-con-
man physician, 1834— 1902.] Stoppage of the taining cell of a lichen. 2. Conidium.
heart in the frog by blows on the abdomen. go"niocraniom'etry [G. gonia, angle, 4- kranion,
go'menol [Gotnen, a locality in New Caledonia, -I- L. skull, -1- metron, measure.] Measurement of the
oleum, oil.] An ethereal oil obtained from a angles of the. cranium.
plant, Melaleuca viridifiora; it is said to have goniometer (go-nl-om'e-ter) [G. gonia, angle, +
powerful germicidal action and to be free from ?K^(ro«, measure.] i. An instrument for measur-

irritating properties when locally applied. ing angles, as of crystals. 2. An appliance for the
Gom'pertz's hypoth'esis [Benjamin Gompertz, English static test of labyrinthine disease; it consists of a
actuary, 1779-1865.] A
theory that the force of plank, one end of which may be raised to any
mortality increases in geometrical progression; desired height; the patient stands upon the plank
being based on the assumption that the average as one end is gradually raised, and the point is
exhaustion of a man's power to avoid death is noted at which he can no longer preserve his
such that at the end of equal infinitely small in- balance.
tervals of time he loses equal proportions of the go'nion [G. gonia, an angle.] The point of the angle
remaining power to oppose destruction which he of the mandible
had at the commencement of each of these in- gonitis (gon-i'(e')tis) [G. gony, knee, -1- -iiis.']

tervals. Inflammation of the knee.

gomphi'asis [G. gomphios, a molar tooth.] Loose- gonoblennorrhea (gon"o-blen-o-re'ah) . Gonor-
ness of the teeth, especially of the molars. rhea.
gompho'sis [G. gomphos, bolt, nail, gonochorism, gonochorismus (gon-ok'o-rizm, gon-
+ -dsis.} Socket articulation a ; ok-o-riz'mus) [G; gonos, seed, sex, -t- chorizo, I
form of synarthrosis (syndes- separate.] Sexual differentiation.
mosis) in which a peg-like proc- gon'ocide J^onococcus +
L. cwdere, to kill.] i.

ess fits into a hole, as the root of Destructive to the gonococcus. a. An agent
a tooth into the socket in the which kills the gonococcus.
alveolus. gonococc'al. Relating to the gonococcus, gonococ-
gonacratia (gon-&-kra'shyah) [G. cic.
gone, semen, -]- akrateia, incon- gonococcemia, gonococcsmia (gon-o-kok-se'ml-ah)
tinence.] Spermatorrhea. [gonococcus + G. haima, blood.] The presence
gon'ad, pi. gon'ades [G. gone, seed.] of gonococci in the circulating blood.
A germ-gland, sexual gland. gonococ'cic. Relating to the gonococcus, gonococ-
fe'mdle g., ovary, male g., GOMPHOSIS. cal.
testicle. gonococcin (gon-o-kok'sin). A glycerin extract of
gonadal (gon'&-dal). Relating to a gonad. gonococci, used in the cutireaction test for
gon'aduct. i. Seminal duct. 2. Oviduct. gonorrheal infection.
gonag'ra [G. gony, the knee, + agra, a seizure.] gonococcus, pi. gonococ'ci (gon-o-lcok'us) [go»-
Gout in the knee. orrhea + G. kokkos, berry.] Micrococcus
gonal'gia [G. gony, knee, -I- algos, pain.] Pain in gonorrhaa.
the knee. gonococcicide (gon-o-kok'sl-sld) [gonococcus + L.
 ;

GONOCOCCICIDr, 41S GOUT

ctBdere, to kill.] Gonocide. i. Destructive to ployed as a diuretic and emmenagogue in doses

gonococci. 2. An agent which kills the gonococ- of gr. 2-4 {0.13-0.25).
cus. Gossyp'ium. A genus of herbaceous plants or
gonocyte (gon'o-sit) [G. gonos, seed, + kytos, shrubs yielding cotton, gossyp'ii cor'tex (N.F.),
hollow (cell).] I. A
primitive reproductive cottonroot bark, the dried bark of the root of
cell. 2. Lymphoidocyte, myeloblast.* Gossypium herbaceum or other allied species;
gonohe'niia, gonohse'mia. Gonococcemia. emmenagogue and oxytocic in doses of gr. 15-30
gono-opson'ic in'dez. The opsonic* index in rela- (1.0-2.0) or of 15130 (2.0) of the N.P. fluidex-
tion to infection with the gonococcus. tract. gossyp'ii radi'cis cor'tex (B. A.) cotton-
gon'ophore, gonoph'orus [G. gonos, seed, + phoros, root bark, gossypii cortex (N.F.). g. purifica'-
bearer.] i. Any structure serving to store up or tum (U.S.), purified cotton, absorbent cotton,
conduct the sexual cells oviduct, spermatic duct,
; the hairs of the seed of Gossypium herbaceum and
uterus, or seminal vesicle. 2. In botany, a stalk other allied species, freed from impurities and oil
supporting both male and female organs in an employed in surgical dressings, for tampons, etc.
hermaphrodite flower. g. styp'ticum (N.F.), styptic cotton; absorbent
gonorrhe'a, gonorrhoe'a [G. gonos, semen, + rhoia, cotton wet with a dilute solution of ferric chloride,
a flow.] A specific inflammation of the mucous and then dried; applied locally as a hemostatic.
membrane of the genital tract, acquired usually Goth'ic arch. A dental arch pointed anteriorly and
,

throiSgh impure sexual intercoiurse, and due to narrowed laterally.

the presence of the gonococcus. Gottschalk's opera'tion (got'shahlk) [Sigmund Gott-
gonorrhe'al, gonorrhoe'al. Relating to gonorrhea. schalk, German surgeon, *i86o.] Shortening of
gon'osan {gonorrhea + L sanare, to heal.] Trade the uterosacral ligaments by the vaginal route.
name for a preparation said to be a solution of Gottstein's pro'cess (got'stin) [Jacob Goitstein, Ger-
kava resin (methysticum) in sandalwood oil; man physician, 1832-1895.] A very fine exten-
recommended in the treatment of gonorrhea. sion of one of the outer hair cells of Corti's organ
gonotome (gon'o-tom) [gonad + G. tome, section.] to the basilar membrane.
A special region of the meso4erm where, accord- gouge (gowj). A strong longitudinally curved
ing to VanWijhe, the gonads originate. chisel used in operation on bone.
gonotoze'mia, gonotozse'nua. Gonorrheal toxemia, Goulard's ce'rate (goo-lar') [Thomas Goulard,
the presence of the gonococcal toxin in the blood. French physician, ti784.] Ceratum plumbi sub-
gonotoz'in. The toxin produced by the gonococcus. acetatis. G.'s extract, liquor plumbi subacetatis.
gonycamp'sis [G. gony, knee, -I- kam'psis, a bending G.'s lotion, G.'s water, liquor plumbi subacetatis
or curving.] Ankylosis or any abnormal curva- dilutus.
ture of the knee. Gould's sign [George Milbry Gould, American
gonycrote'sis [G. gony, knee, + krotesis, striking.] ophthalmologist, *iS48.] Bowing of the head
Knock-Toiee. in order to obtain better vision in cases of
gonyectyposis (gon"l-ek-ti-po'sis) [G. gony, knee, + retinitis pigmentosa.
ektyposis, modelling in relief.] Genu varum. Gould's su'ture [Sir Alfred Pearce Gould, English
gonyocele (gon'e-o-sel) [G. gony, knee, + kele, surgeon, *i852.] An intestinal mattress suture
tumor.] White swelling, tuberculous synovitis in which each loop is invaginated in such a way
of the knee. that the tissue at the loop is bulged out, becom-
gonyoncus (gon"I-on'kus) [G. gony, knee, + onkos, ing convex instead of concave; see cut under
tumor.] Tumor of the knee; white swelling. suture.
goose. A venereal bubo.- goundou (goon'doo) [native name.] Henpuye,
goose-flesh. Cutis* anseriua, horripilation. anakhre; a disease, endemic in West Africa,
Gordius (gor'dJ-us) [The Gordian knot, in reference characterized by exostoses from the nasal pro-
to the twisting of the worm into a complex cesses of the maxillary bones producing a sym-
tangle.] An old name for the genus Dra- metrical swelling on each side of the nose.
cunculus. Gouraud's disease' (goo-ro') [Vincent OUivier
Gor'don re'flex [Alfred Gordon, Philadelphia neurol- Gouraud, French surgeon, 1772-1848.] Inguinal
ogist, *i869.] Dorsal flexion of the great toe hernia.
produced by firm lateral pressure on the calf gout (gowt) [L. gutta, drop.] A disease of metabo-
muscles. G. sign, finger* phenomenon. G.'s lism characterized by recurrent attacks of
symp'tom, tonic reflex, the foot does not imme- arthritis, particularly in the metatarsophalangeal
diately fall back after the patellar tendon joint of the great toe, though any joint' may be
reflex has been elicited. attacked, by deposits of sodium biuret in and
Gor'don's sign [William Gordon, English physician, around the affected joints, and by inflammation
contemporary.] Cardiac* sign. of fibrous structures elsewhere, abartic'ular g.,
gorge. Throat, guttur, gullet. g. involving other structures than the joints.
gor'get. A director or guide with wide groove for artic'ular g., the usual form of g. attacking one or
use in lithotomy, probe g., a g. with a probe- more of the joints, irreg'ular g., abarticular g.
pointed tip. la'tent g., goutiness, the so-called uric-acid diath-
Goriaew's ru'Iing (gor'I-ah-yef). A ruling of a blood- esis, a condition marked by gouty symptoms

counting field by which it is marked oil in a — scaly skin, skin eruptions, occasional twinges
series of squares some of which are again sub- in the joints, etc., without a frank involvement of
divided into sixteen smaller ones. the great toe or other articulation, lead g.,
goT'it. Trade name of a special make of calciimi saturnine g. masked g., latent g. misplaced' g.,
peroxide. retrocedent g. poor-man's g., g. occurring in
goron'dou. Goimdou. persons subject to exposure and privation and
Gosselin's frac'ture (gos-lan) [Lion Athanase distinctly not attributable to dietetic errors on
Gosselin, French surgeon, 1815-1887.] conical A the side of excess, reg'ular g., articular g
fracture of the lower part of the tibia. rheumat'ic g., an ill-defined condition in which
gossyp'Jin. A
concentration product of the bark of symptoms of chronic rheumatism are associated
the root of Gossypium herbaceum or cotton; em- with uratic deposits in and around the joints.
GOUT 4i6 GRAM-MOLECULE

retroce'dent g., the occurrence of severe gastric, Graeupner's meth'od (groyp'ner) [Salo Ch. Graeup-
cardiac, or cerebral symptoms during an attack of ner, German physician, contemporary.] A test
gout, especially when the joint symptoms at the of the sufficiency of the heart muscle. If a
same time suddenly subside, sat'umine g., g. normal subject takes a measured amount of
occurring in a subject of lead poisoning, topha'- exercise, the pulse rate rises, and after it has begun
ceous g., g. in which uratic deposits in and about to fall the systolic blood-pressure begins to rise,
the joints are marked. reaching its maximum a few minutes after the
goutiness (gowt'K-nes). Gouty diathesis, latent pulse rate; in the case of a weakened heart the
gout a state in which one is prone to suffer from
; blood-pressure reaction is delayed and dimin-
various scaly skin diseases, gastric disturbances, ished in amount; in seriously weakened hearts
arteriosclerosis, and acute inflammations of the there is no rise, but rather a fall in blood-pressure.
ocular structures, which are attributable to a graft [A.S. grief.] Anything inserted into something
disturbance of metabolism, allied to gout, occur- else so as to become an integral part of the latter;
ring in families in which there is a history of specifically a bit of epidermis, strip of skin, piece
articular or regular gout. of bone, tooth, etc., inserted into a part in order
gouty (gow'ti). Relating to gout to supply a defect, an'imal g., zooplastic g.
Gow'ers' col'umn [Sir William Richard Cowers, autoplas'tic g., a g. taken from another part of
London neurologist, 1845-1915.] Gowers' tract. the same person, heteroplas'tic g., a g. taken
G.'s disease', (i) saltatory spasm; (2) pseudo- from another individual, homoplas'tic g., auto-
hypertrophic paralysis. G.'s symp'tom, irregu- plastic g. sponge g., a thin bit of sponge laid on an
larity of the pupillary light reflex, the con- ulcerated surface with the object of stimulating
traction occurring by jerks and in an oscillat- the growth of epidermiis. zoSplas'tic g., a g.
ing way, sometimes noted in tabes dorsalis. taken from one of the lower animals.
G's. tract, funiculus anterolateralis superficialis gra'ham bread [Silvester Graham, English dieti-
[BNA]. tian, 1 794-185 1.] Bread made from unbolted
Goyrand's her'nia (gwi-rahh') [Jean Gaspard Blaise wheat flour.
Goyrand, French surgeon, 1803-1866.] Incom- Gra'ham's law [Thojnas Graham, English chemist,
plete inguinal hernia, not descending into the 1805-1869.] The relative rapidityof diffusion of
scrotum. two gases varies inversely as the square root of
gr. Abbreviation for grain, a measure of weight. their densities.
Graafian fol'Ucle (grah'fl-an) [Reijnier de Graaf, Graham Steelle's mur'mur (gra'am stel). A dias-
Dutch anatomist, 1641-1673.] FoUiculus oopho- tolicpulmdhic murmur which comes and goes
rus vesicialosus [BNA], G. ves'icle, G. follicle. with the varying degree of pressure within the
G. ves'sels, ductuli efferentes testis. pulmonary artery; it is ascribed to congestion
gracile (gras'il) [L. gracilis.] Slight, slender. of the lungssecondary to mitral stenosis.
gracilis(gras'il-is) [L.] See under musculus. grain (gran) [L. gratmm.] i. Cereal plants, com
grada'tim [L.] Gradually, by degrees. wheat, rye, etc. 2. A seed of one of the cereal
Gradenigo's syn'drome (grah-den-e'go) [Giuseppe plants. 3. A minute, hard particle of any sub-
Gradenigo, Italian physician, contemporary.] stance, as of sand. 4 A unit of weight, ^^ dram,
Suppurative otitis media with abducens paralysis jjjj ounce, -;J^-^ pound; the equivalent of 0.066
and pain in the temporal region. gram, grains of Par'adise, Guin'ea grains,
graduate (grad'u-at) [L. graduare: gradus, a degree.] meleguete pepper, the seeds of Amomum mele-
±. To dismiss honorably from a university or gueta, a plant of West Africa, having diuretic
special school with the degree appropriate to the properties, g. foun'der, indigestion, gastric im-
course of studies successfully followed. 2. One paction, or gorged stomach, in the horse, caused
who has been graduated and has received a degree usually by overeating; there are loss of appetite,
from a university or special school. 3. vessel, A a desire to eat dirt and filth, rough skin, possibly a
usually of glass, suitably marked, used for meas- dry cough, and colicky pains an hour or so after
uring liquids. eating, g. itch, an urticarioid eruption, some-
grad'uated. i Dismissed from a university or special
. times noted in farmers and grain handlers due
school after receiving a degree indicating that to the action of a mite, Pediculoides ventricosus
certain studies have been successfully followed or Ditropenotus aureoviridis.
2. Marked by lines or in other ways to denote gram, gramme. A
unit of weight in the metric or
capacity, degrees, percentages, etc. noting a ; centesimal system, the equivalent of 15.432
thermometer, barometer, graduate, etc. grains.
Graefe's knife (gra'feh) [Albrecht von Graefe, Ger- Gram's meth'od [Hans Christian Joachin Gram,
man ophthalmologist, 1828-1870.] A narrow- Danish bacteriologist, *i8s3.] A differential
bladed knife used in making a section of the method, of staining bacteria; the specimen is first
cornea. G.'s sign, G.'s symptom. G.'s spots, placed in aniline-water gentian violet or carbolic
small areas over the vertebras or near the supra- gentian violet, then rinsed in water and im-
orbital foramen, pressure upon which causes mersed in G.'s solution of iodine, again rinsed in
relaxation of blepharofacial spasiji. G.'s symp- water and placed for ** few minutes in strong
tom, in exophthalmic goiter the upper eyelid does alcohol, washed again, and dipped in dilute eosin
not follow promptly and evenly the movement of solution. The bacteria that are stained a deep
the eyeball downward, but halts or moves jerkily, by this method are called Gram-positive;
violet
G.'s test for heterophoria, a prism of 10° is held those that are decolorized and take on the con-
base up or down before one eye; this produces trast stain are Gram-negatit:e. G.'s solu'tion,
two images of the object looked at in orthophoria
; iodine i, potassium iodide 2, water 300.
one image is directly above the other, in lateral gram-mol'ecule. A weight of a substance ex-
heterophoria there is also a lateral displacement pressed by a number of grams equivalent to its
of one image. pseudo-G. sign, tardy descent of molecular weight; thus a g.-m. of hydrogen
the upper lid as one looks down and hasty weighs 2 grams; of water 18 grams, the 2 H
ascent when the gaze is directed upward, occur- atoms having a molecular weight of 2 and the
ring in other conditionsthan exophthalmic goiter. O atom one of 16.
 ' ;

GRANATONINE 417 GRANULOMA

granat'onine. Pseudopelletierine, CjHjjNO.iHjO, which stains readily with an azure dye. ba'sal
an alkaloid from the bark of the root of g.,blepharoplast, the origin of a flagellum in a
Punica granatttm-', pomegranate see granat-um.
; protozoon. bas'ophile g., delta g., gamma g.
grana'tuxn (U.S.). Granati cortex (Br.), pome- be'ta g., amphophile g., one of the cell granules
granate, pomegranate bark, the bark of the root staining with both basic and acid dyes, chro'-
and stem of Punica granatum; anthelmintic in mophile g., any granule of readily stainable
doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). material in the cells or tissues, cone g., nucleus
Grancher's disease' (grahn-sha') [Jacques Joseph of a retinal cell connecting with one of the cones.
Grancher, Parisian physician, 1843-1907.] Mas- delta g., small basophile g., one of the granules,
sive pneumonia or splenopneuraonia, Desnos's staining only with basic dyes, found in the uni-
disease. G.'s syn'drome, G.'s tri'ad, increased nuclear plasma cells, elemen'tary g., a particle
vocal fremitus, diminished vesicular murmur, of blood-dust, or hemoconia. eosin'ophile g.,
and Skodaic resonance, in incipient tuber- alpha g. ep'silon g., neutrophile g., one of the
culosis. granules, taking a neutral stain, found in the
granddaughter-cjrst (grand'daw-ter-sist). ter- A finely granular polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
tiary cyst sometimes developed within a daughter- female g., one of the numerous segments into
cyst of an echinococcus. which the protonucleus of the ovum splits after
Gland Haven Mineral Spring, Michigan. Muriated- tmion with the sperm cell, fuchsin'ophile g.,
saline-chalybeate waters. Used by drinking in Altmann's* g. gamma g., basophile g., one of
dyspepsia, abdominal plethora, and engorgement the granules, staining with basic dyes, seen in
of the liver. Summer resort. the basophile connective-tissue cells, hyper-
grand mal (grahn mal') [Fr. great evil.] The typical chro'matin g., azurophile g., kappa g. inlec'tive
epileptic attack, with convulsions, followed or not g., Balfour's infective g., a minute granular body
by coma. observed in the blood in trypanosomiasis and
Grandry's cor'puscles (grahn-dre') [Grandry, spirochetosis, shown to be infective and to give
French anatomist, nineteenth century.] Taste rise to young forms of the parasites upon inocu-
corpuscles in the beak and tongue of birds; they lation, iod'ophile g., one of the granules, taking
consist of a number of cells, enclosed in a on a brown stain with iodine, found in many of
capsule, and between the cells run meduUated the polymorphonuclear leucocytes in pneu-
nerve-fibers. monia, erysipelas, scarlet fever, and various
granoplasma (gran-o-plaz'mah). 1. Granular pro- other acute diseases, kap'pa g., an azurophile
toplasm. 2. The portion of the cytoplasm which g. Leish'man g., see Leishman. male g., one
has a granular appearance, but is without true of the several minute segments into which the
granules. head of the sperm cell splits after union with
gran'ular. Composed of or resembling granules or the ovum, metachromat'ic g., metachromatic*
granulations, g. conjunctivi'tis, trachoma, g. body, neu'trophile g., epsilon g. ox'yphile g.,
lids, trachoma. alpha g. rod g., the nucleus of a retinal cell
granulase (gran'u-laz).
. A ferment hydrolyzing connecting with one of the rods, sem'inal g.,
starch into sugars. one of the minute granular bodies present in the
granula'tion. i. Formation into grains or granules spermatic fluid, thread g., cytomicrosome.
the state of being granular. 2. A
granular mass zy'mogen g., a term applied to various granules
in or on the surface of any organ or membrane; in the cells of ferment-secreting glands, such as
or one of the individual granules forming the salivary glands and pancreas, which are sup-
mass. 3. The formation of minute, rounded, posed to be the source of the zymogenic sub-
fleshy projections on the surface of a wound in stance.
the process of healing; one of the fleshy granules granuUtis (gran-u-li'(le')tis). Acute miliary tuber-
composing this surface. culosis.
granulatio'nes [L. pi. of granula'tio.} Granulations. granuloblast (gran'u-lo-blast) [G. blastos, germ.]
g. arachnoideales (gran-u-la-shl-o'nez S-rak"- The mother cell of a granulocyte, myeloblast.*
no-id"e-a'lez) [BNA], arachnoidal granulations. granulocyte (gran'u-lo-sJt) [L. granulum, granule, +
Pacchionian bodies, a number of bulbous out- G. kylos, cell.] A granular leucocyte.
growths or hernial protrusions of the arach- granulogen (gran'u-lo-jen) [granulations + G.
noidea; they are foimd especially on either side gennao, I produce.] Trade name of a mixture
of the sagittal sinus, into the lumen of which of paraffins, melting at 115° F., containing also
they project, but also occur near the transverse chloretone, 5 per cent., and neko, 0.5 per cent.;
sinus over the cerebellum and elsewhere; they employed as a protective dressing to burns and
sometimes form depressions, foveolse granulares, certain skin lesions.
on the under surface of the vault of the cranium. granulo'ma, p. granulo'maia [L. granulum, granule.]
granula'tion-tube. A
tube used in the larynx A circumscribed collection of epithelioid cells
when the formation of granulation tissue has and leucocytes, resembling granulation tissue,
resulted from the irritation of a previous intuba- surrounding a central point of irritation, coc-
tion. It has a large head which rides over the cidioid'al g., oidiomycosis, den'tal g,, a small
granulations and induces their , resorption by collection of granulation tissue with more or less
pressure. bacterial colonization (usually Streptococcus
gran'ule [L. granulum, dim. of granum, grain.] i. viridans), but without suppuration, occurring
A grain, a granulation; a minute discrete mass. at the root of a tooth, g. annula're, an affection
2. A very small pill, usually gelatin-coated or characterized by hard, reddish nodules arranged
sugar-coated, containing a drug to be given in roughly in a circle, which gradually enlarge and
small dose, acid'ophile g., alpha g. alpha g., coalesce forming a ring. g. cryptogenet'icum,
eosinophile, acidophile, or oxyphile g. one of the , g. cryptogen'icum, Hodgkin's disease, pseudo-
cell granules which take up an acid stain from leucemia. g. endem'icum, oriental boil,* der-
any mixture; seen in the coarsely granular oxy- mal leishmaniasis, g. fvngoi'des, mycosis fun-
1

phile leucocyte, am'phophile g., beta g. azu'ro- goides. g. inguina'Ie trop'icum, groin ulcer, an
phile g., kappa g , hyperchromatin g., one elongated ulcer, with elevated papillary edges.
27
GRANULOMA 4i8 GRAVITY

sometimes occurring in the groin in persons in Grasset's law (grah-sa') [Joseph Grasset, French
the tropics, g. pyogen'icum, a small growth of physician, 1849-1918.] Landouzy*-Grasset law.
granulation tissue, painful to the touch and G.'s phenomenon, in organic paralysis of the
bleeding readily, occupying usually the site of lower extremity, the patient, lying on his
an abrasion or incised wound, g. sarcomato'- back, can raise either limb separately, but not
des, mycosis fungoides. g. trichophyficum, in- both together. G.'s sign, contraction of the
flammatory ringworm of the body, attended sternocleidomastoid muscle on the paralyzed
with edema and dilated follicles discharging pus. side in cases of cerebral hemorrhage.
g. trop'icum, yaws. g. vene'reum, g. inguinale. Grasset-Gaussel phenom'enon (grah-sa'go-sel') [A.
infec'tious g., a g. formed round a center con- Gaussel, Montpellier physician, contemporary.]
sisting of the pathogenic microorganisms of cer- Grasset's phenomenon.
tain chronic diseases, such as syphilis, leprosy, grass-fire. An eczematous disease of the ox;
tuberculosis, actinomycosis, and farcy, ul'cer- stalk disease.
ating g. of the puden'da, a specific form of ulcer- Grassion, France (grah-syon'). Bituminous waters.
ating g. affecting chiefly the dark-skinned races; Used by drinking in affections of the throat and
it is thought to be caused by a special micro- chest, and in gastric and vesical catarrh.
organism, Cal'ymmatobacterium granulomatis, grass-sick'ness. Belyando spew, gastric spiro-
and is regarded by some authorities as a venereal chetosis, an affection characterized by vomiting,
affection. without nausea, occurring suddenly after meals;
gran'uloplasm. The inner substance of an ameba, it has been observed in Queensland, Western
or other unicellular organism, within the ectosarc Australia, and certain parts of Brazil; in certain
and surrounding the nucleus. cases a spirochete has been found in the
granuloplas'tic. Forming granules. vomit.
granulopo'tent. Potentially granuloplastic. Grati'ola offlcina'lis. The hedge-hyssop, a plant
granulosarcoid (gran-u-lo-sar'koyd) [L. granulum, with diuretic, emetic, and purgative properties;
granule, + G. sarx(sark-), flesh, + eidos, resem- it has been employed therapeutically in doses of
blance.] An anomalous form of sarcoma, myco- gr. 10-30 (0.6—2.0).
sis* fungoides, Alibert's disease. Gratiolet's fi'bers (gra.-se-0-la') [Louis Pierre Gratiolet,
granulosarco'ma. Granulosarcoid, mycosis* fun- Parisian anatomist, 1815— 1865.] G.'s radiation.
goides. G.'s laws,(i) synostosis of the cranial bones occurs
granulose (gran'u-loz). The soluble portion of earlier in the inferior than in the superior races;
starch which is convertible by hydrolysis into (2) ossification in the bones of the skull proceeds
sugar, as distinguished from the cellulose, or in- from, behind forward in the higher races of man,
soluble portion. ,
from before backward in the lower faces; these
granulosis, granulosity (gran-u-lo'sis,gran-u-los'l-ti). laws are not absolute. G.'s radia'tion, optic
A mass of minute granules of any character, g. radiation, radiatio* occipitothalamica [BNA].
ru'bra na'si, a disease of the skin of the nose, char- gratiolin (gra-ti'o-lin). An amorphous glucoside,
acterized by a moist erythematous patch dotted C20H34O,, obtained from the hedge-hyssop,
with numerous macules and slightly elevated Graiiola officinalis.
papules, due to an inflammatory infiltration sur- grattage (grS-tazh') [Fr. scraping.] The scrap-
rounding the dilated sweat glands. ing or brushing of an ulcer or surface with
gra'num [L.] Grain. sluggish granulations, to stimulate the healing
Gran'ville's counterirr'ltant or lo'tion [Augustus process.
Bozzi Granville, English physician, 1783-1871.] grave [L. gravis.'\ Noting symptoms of a serious or
A mixture of spirit of rosemary, spirit of camphor, dangerous character.
and stronger water of ammonia. gravedo (gra-ve'do) [L. nasal catarrh.] Frontal
Gran'ville's hamm'er Qoseph Mortimer Granville, sinusitis.
English physician, 1833-1900.] An instrument grav'el. The formation in the kidney and passage
used for making rhythmical vibrations by rapid through the ureter of numerous very small con-
tapping (vibratory massage) in the treatment of cretions, usually of uric acid, calcium oxalate, or
neuralgia. phosphates.
grape [0. Fr. grappe, a cluster.] The fruit of Vitis Graves' disease' [Robert James Graves, Dublin
vinijera. physician, 1 797-1853.] Exophthalmic goiter.*
grape-cure. Botryotherapy, the treatment of cer- grave-wax. Adipocere.
tain morbid conditions, especially abdominal grav'id [L. gravida from gravis, heavy.] Pregnant.
plethora, by an exclusive diet of grapes. gravida (gravl-dah) [L. pregnant.] pregnant A
grape-fruit. Shaddock, pomelo, the fruit of woman.
Citrus decumaiia. grav'idin. A scum on the surface of standing urine,
grapes, i. Bovine tuberculosis, a. Granulations formerly regarded as one of the signs of pregnancy 5
occurring in aggravated cases of grease-heel in kyestein.
the horse. Cars'well's g., see Carswell. grav'idism. Pregnancy.
grape-sugar. Dextrose. gravid'ity. Pregnancy.
graph'ite. Plumbago, black lead, a. crystallizable, gravim'eter [L. .gravis, heavy, + G. metron, measure.]
soft black form of carbon. Hydrometer, an instrument for determining the
graphology (gr4-fol'o-jI) [G. graphs, a writing, + specific gravity of a liquid.
-logia.] The study of the handwriting as an gravimet'ric. Relating to or determined by weight.
indication of temperament or character, and as gravistat'ic [L. gravis, heavy, -I- G. histemi, I stand.]
an aid in the diagnosis of nervous and mental Hypostatic.
diseases. gravitation (grav-i-ta'shun) [L. gravitas, weight.]
graphomo'tor [G. grapho, I write, + L. motus; The mutual attraction between all bodies, tending
movere, to move.] Relating to the movements to draw them to each other.
concerned in writing.. grav'ity [L. gravitas.] Weight, specific g., the
graphospasm (graf'o-spazra) [G. grapho, I write, -f- weight of any body compared with that of another
spasmos, spasm.] Writers' cramp. body of equal volume regarded as the unit; the
 ;

GROOVE 420 GUACAMPHOL

cav'emous g., carotid sulcus, sulcus caroticus composed of zinc in diluted sulphuric acid
[BNA], the groove on the upper surface of the and of platinum in concentrated nitric acid, the ,

sphenoid bone, supporting the cavernous sinus liquids being separated' by a porous partition.
and the carotid artery. deTelopmen'tal g., one of growth. The increase in size of a living be-
the lines or grooves on the surface of the enamel ing or any of its parts occurring in the process
of a tooth, marking its primitive divisions as
.
of development, new g., neoplasm, tumor.*
, formed. med'uUaiy g., vertebral g. (2). mylohy'- Gru'ber's cul-de-sac [Wenceslaus Leopold Gruber,
oid g., stilcus mylohyoideus, a groove on the inner Russian anatomist, 1814— 1890.] A lateral diver-
surface of the ramus of the mandible lodging the ticulum in the suprasternal space beside the inner
mylohyoid artery and nerve, nasopal'atine g., a extremity of the clavicle behind the sternal fasci-
g. on the vomer lodging the nasopalatine nerve. culus of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
nasppharyn'geal g., an indistinct line marking the Gru'ber's meth'od [Josef Gruber, Viennese aurist,
(boundary between the nasal cavities and the 1827— 1900.] A modification of the Politzer
rhinopharynx. neu'ral g., vertebral g. (2). method in which the patient does not Swallow,
. lOMac'tory g., a shallow depression on the cribri- but says "hoc" at the instant of compression of
. ,form plate of the ethmoid bone on either side of the bag. G.'s spec'ulum, see under ear speculum*
the crista galli, lodging the olfactory lobe of the Gru'ber's reac'tion [Max von Gruber, Munich
cerebrum, op'tic g., sulcus chiasmatis [BNA], hygienist, *i8s3.] Widal reaction.
,a groove on the upper surface 01 the sphenoid Gru'by's disease' [David Gruby, Parisia4 physician
I bone in which rests the optic commissure. of Hungarian birth, 1810— 1898.] Microsporia, a
poste'rior parame'dian g., sulcus intermedius form of alopecia caused by Microsporon audouini.
posterior [BNA). posterolat'eral g., a line on Grueber-Landzert foss'a
the surface of the medulla where are the root- (gru'ber lant'tsert).
bundles of the spinal accessory, vagus, and A peritoneal recess
glossopharyngeal nerves, prim'itive g., primitive* occupying the posi-
streak, subcla'vian g., a shallow g, on the clavicle tion of Jonnesco's
lodging the subclavius muscle, subcos'tal g., sul- fossa, prolonged
cus costalis, a groove on the inner surface of downward behind the
the lower border of each rib. supplemen'tal g., duodenojejunal angle
a long shallow depression in the surface of a for a distance of i to
tooth, usually having a smoothly rounded base; 2 inches.
the difference between a supplemental and a gru'el [L. gruium, meal.]
developmental g. is that the former does not A semiliquid food of
mark the junction of lobes, ver'tebral g., oatmeal or other
(i) a surface depression on each side of the line cereal boiled in water
;q^^^^^^.l^^„^^^., p^.^^,
of the spinal processes of the vertebras; (2) an porridge. (.Landouzy and Jayle.)
embryonic sulcus developed from the primitive Gruenbaum's test
groove, forming later the medullary tube or (griin'bowm) [Albert S. Gruenbaum, German
primitive spinal cord; medullary g. physician, contemporary.] The administration
gross (gros) [P. gros.] Large, coarse, macroscopic. of suprarenal extract does not increase arterial
g. anat'omy, the anatomy of the parts which can tension in Addison's disease.
be distinguished without the aid of the micro- Gruenbaum-Widal test (grun'bowm-ve-dal') [Al-
scope, g. le'sion, one that is plainly visible to bert S. Gruenbaum; Pernand Widal.] Widal's*
the naked eye. reaction.
Gross's antineural'gic pill [Samuel D. Gross, grumose, grumous (gru'mos, gru'mus) [L. grumus, a
American surgeon, 1805-1884.] (N.P.) Quinine little heap.] Clotted, lumpy, appearing as if
sulphate gr. 2 (0.13), strychnine gr. -^ (0.002), clotted, noting the surface character of a bacterial
morphine sulphate and arsenic trioxide each culture; see cut under colony, 2, D.
gr. ^j (0.003), extract of aconite leaves (U.S. grunt'ing. A laryngeal sound sometimes made by
1870) gr. i (0.03). a horse when struck or moved suddenly; it may
GiosBich's meth'od be due to distention of the belly by bulky food,
(gros-sik) [Antonio -Pole VPt/ and is not infrequently noted in horses, long in
Grossich, Piume sur-
geon, *i849.] The
\ I Z inc of dealers'hands, which
examined as to wind.
have been repeatedly

antiseptic employ- gru'tum [L. grit.] Milium.

i. 2. Oaten grits.

ment of tincture of Gryn'feltt's trl' angleG. Grynfeltt, Prench surgeon

[J.
iodine in surgical op- tiQiS-] A triangular space bounded above by
erations. the end of the last rib and the serratus posterior
Grossman's sign (gros'- inferior muscle, anteriorly by the obliquus inter-
man) [MaxGro«>»o«, nus, and posteriorly by the quadratus lumborum
American physician,* Grove Cell. lumbar hernia occurs in this space.
88 1.] Dilatation of
1 gryochrome (gri'o-kr5m) [G. gry, a minute particle,
the heart in early stages of apical pulmonary + chroma, color.] A term applied by Nissl to
tuberculosis. nerve-cells in which the stainable portion is pres-
ground' -bundle. Pasciculus* proprius, one of the ent in the form of minute granules without
association tracts of the spinal cord. definite arrangement.
ground-itch. Water-itch. grypo'sis [G. grypos, hooked.] An abnormal curv-
ground-sub'stance. Caryolymph. ature of the nails.
group-reac'tion. A reaction with an agglutinin or gt. Abbreviation of L. gutta, drop,
other antibody which is common (though gtt. Abbreviation of L. gultm, drops.
usually in varying doses) to an entire group of guacamphol (gwah-kam'fol). White acicular crys-
related bacteria, e.g. the coli group. tals, prepared by the action of camphoric acid
Grove cell or e''ement [Sir William Robert Grove, chloride on sodium guaiacol employed in the night
;

English physicist, 1811-1896.] A galvanic cell sweats of phthisis in dose of gr. 7 J (0.5).
GUACETIN 421 GUANIDINI

guacetin (gwas'et-in). Guaiacetin. duotal, a white crystalline powder insoluble ii

guacin (gwah'sin). A resinous extractive from water, employed for the same purposes as guaiaco
guaco. in doses of gr. 2-10 (o 13-0 6).. .

guaco (gwah'ko). A brazilian plant, Mikania guaiaconic acid (gwi-ak-on'ik as'id). A browi
guaco, employed as an antidote to snake-venom amorphous powder obtained from guaiac; i
and in the treatment of rheumatism and diarrhea turns blue in the presence of oxidizing agents.
in doses of gr. 15-60 (1.0-4.0). guaiacophosphal (gwi"&-ko-fos'fal). Guaiacol phos
gugethol (gweth'ol). Guaiacol ethyl. phite.
guaiac (gwi'ak). Guaiacum. guaiacose (gwi'5-koz). Trade name of a prepara
guaiacetin (gwi-as'et-in). Guacetin, sodium pyro- tioij containing calcium guaiacol-sulphonate an(
catechin-monoacetate ; a white powder recom- somatose, recommended in convalescence and ii
mended in tuberculosis in dose of gr. yi (0.5). wasting diseases.
guai'aci lig'num (gwi'a-si lig'num) (N.F. and Br.). guaiacum (gwi'S-kum) [Sp. guayaco, imitating thi
Guaiacum wood, lignum vitas, lignum benedic- native Carib name.] (U.S.) Guaiac, guaiac
tum, lignum sanctum, the heart-wood of Guaia- resina (Br.); the resin of the wood of Guaiacun
cum officinale or of G. sanctum, a small tree of officinale or G. sanctum, a tree of the Wes
the West Indies and the Caribbean coast of Indies and shores of the Caribbean Sea diaphor ;

South America; employed as an alterative and etic, stimulant, and alterative in doses of gr
stimulant in dose of 5 1 (40). g. resi'na (Br.), 10—30 (0.6-2.0).
guaiacum (U.S.). guaiacyl (gwi'as-il). Calcium guaiacol-monosul
guai'acin. A brownish amorphous powder obtained phonate, calcium orthoguaiacol-sulphonate, i

from guaiac wood; employed as a reagent for light bluish powder, soluble in 20 parts of water
oxydases with which it gives a blue color. employed as a. local anesthetic in dentistry an(
guaiacol (gwi'S-koI). (U.S.) Methyl-orthodioxy- minor surgery in hypodermic doses of vipj^i'
benzene, methyl-pjnrocatechin, catechol-mono- (o 5— r o) of a 5 per cent, solution.
. .

methyl ether, C,H,Oj, obtained from creosote or guaiaform (gwi'S-form). A combination of guaiaco
prepared synthetically from pyrocatechin; a
•
and formaldehyde, a brownish yellow powder
colorless liquid or crystallized; employed as an employed as an antiseptic.
expectorant and intestinal disinfectant in doses guaialin (gwi'al-in). Methylene diguaiacel benzoi
of 1512—7^ (0.13—0.5), and locally to the skin as ester, a green powder containing guaiacol, for
an anesthetic and antipyretic, g. ben'zoate, maldehyde, and benzoic acid, employed in th(
benzosol, benzoyl-guaiacol ; a colorless, tasteless hectic fever of tuberculosis in doses of gr. 7J— i,
powder, insoluble in water, recommended in the (0.5-1.0).
diarrhea of phthisis in doses of gr. 4-8 (o 25—0 5).
.
.
guaiamar (gwi'am-ar). Guaiacol-glyceryl-ester, ;

g. bisul'phonate of quinine', guaiaquin, quinine white crystalline powder of bitter taste, soluble ii
guaiacol-bisulphonate. g. cac'odylate, occurs in 20 parts of water; employed as an intestina
light reddish crystals, recopimended for hypo-
'
antiseptic in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3-1.0).
dermic use, in oily mixture, in phthisis, g. cam'- guaiaperol (gwi-ap'er-ol). Piperidine guaiacolate
phorate, guacamphol. g. car'bonate, guaiacolis occurs in the form of colorless acicular or pris
carbonas. g. carbon'ic ac'id, methoxysalicylic matic crystals, soluble in 30 parts of water, em
acid, a white crystalline powder of bitter taste, ployed in phthisis in doses of gr. 5-10 (o 3-0 6) . .

nearly insoluble in water; recommended as an guaiaquin (gwi'S-kwin). Trade name of guaiacol

antipyretic and antirheumatic similar to salicylic quinine bisulphonate, or quinine guaiacol bisul
acid. g. cin'namate, cinnamyl-guaiacol styracol, phonate recommended in glandular enlargement
;

occurs in colorless acicular crystals insoluble in and hypertrophy of lymphoid tissue in children
water; employed in tuberculosis and in chronic in doses of gr. i (0.06).
catarrhs of the digestive and urinary mucous guaiaquinol (gwi'S-kwin-ol). Quinine dihydro
membranes, g. eth'yl, guthol, gusethol, pyro- bromo-guaiacolate, occurs in the form of yello'7
catechin-monoethyl ester, a colorless liquid of crystals soluble in 20 parts of water; employed ii
aromatic odor, employed in tuberculosis in doses tuberculosis in doses of gr. 7 J-i 5 (o 5-1 o).
. .

of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). g. glyc'eryl-es'ter, guai- guaiaret'ic acid. A substance occurring in the fom
amar. g. methylglycocho'late, monotal, a colorless of needle-shaped crystals, obtained from guaiac.
liquid of faintly aromatic odor; has been recom- guaiarsin (gwi'ar-sin). Trade name [Fr. gaiarsine
mended as an analgesic in phlebitis and the chest of a white crystalline salt, soluble in alcohol
pains of phthisis, 3i-i (2.0-4.0) being painted glycerin, oil, and water (5 per cent.), said to bi
over the painful area. g. phos'phate, phosphoric a cacodylate of arsenic; recommended in th
guaiacyl ether, a white crystalline powder insolu- treatment of tuberculosis and influenza in dose
ble in water; employed as an intestinal antiseptic of 1 gr. (o 06) once or twice a day.
.

and in hectic fever in doses of gr. 2-4 (o 13-0 .25).

. guaiasanol (gwi-S-san'ol). Diethylglycocoll-guai
g. phos'phite, phosphoguaiacol, guaiacyl-ether acol hydrochloride (CibHuOjHCI); a white crys
phosphite, guaiacophosphal, » white crystalline talline salt readily soluble in water, antiseptic
powder, soluble in water, employed in tuberculosis anesthetic, and deodorant; employed externalb
in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). g. sal'icylate, and internally as a substitute for guaiacol
guai'acol-sal'ol, a white crystalline powder, dose for internal administration, gr. 15-31
insoluble in water, employed like salol as an (1.0-2.0).
intestinal antiseptic and antirheumatic in doses guai'asotol. Trade name for a preparation said ti
of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). g. suc'cinate, occurs in be a syrup of guaiacol; employed for the sam-
the form of fine white needles, insoluble in water, purposes as guaiacol in doses of 3i-4 (4.0-15.0).
employed in phthisis in doses of gr. 2-3 (0.13- guanase (gwah'naz). A deamidizing enzyme o
0.2). g. val'erate, g. vale'rianate, geosote, a the pancreas, adrenals, and thymus which con
faintly yellowish liquid, slightly soluble in water, verts guanin into xanthin.
employed in pulmonary tuberculosis in doses of guanidine (gwan'id-en). Carbotriamine, a crystal
gr. 3-8 (0.2-0.5). line solid first obtained by the oxidation of gua
guaiaco'lis carbo'nas (U.S.). Guaiacol carbonate, nin, a poisonous product of putrefaction.
 ; ;

GUANINE 422 GUMMA

guanine (gwah'nSn). A leucomaine, CjHjNjO, oc- Guidi's canal' (gwe'de) [Guido Guidi, better known
curring as a product of decomposition, and as Vidus Vidius, Italian physician, died 1569.]
foiind as a, deposit in a. disease resembling gout Vidian canal. '

in swine. guill'otine (gil'o-ten) [Fr. an instrument for the de-

guarana (gwah-rah-nah') [Native Brazilian word.] capitation of condemned criminals.] An' instru-
(U.S.) A dried paste of the crushed seeds of ment in the shape of a metal ring through which
Paullinia cupana, a vine extensively cultivated runs a sliding knife-blade, used in cutting off an
in Brazil; it contains guaranine, saponin, a enlarged tonsil.
volatile oil, and paullinitannio employed
acid; Guinard's meth'od (ge-nar*) [Aim^ Guinard, Parisian
for the relief of headache in doses of 3 '-^
.
surgeon, 1856-1911.] Treatment of ulcerating,
(4.0-8.0). cancerous tumors by application of calcium
guar'anine. An alkaloid, resembling caiTeine, ob- carbide.
tained from guarana: used in the treatment of Guin'ea-worm. Filaria medinensts.
headache in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0. 13). Guinon's disease' (ge-nawn') [fceorges Guinon, Pari-
Guamierl bod'ies (gwar-ne-er'e) [Giuseppi Guar- sian physician, ""1859.] Gilles'" de la Tourette's
nieri, Italian physician, 1856-1918.] Cytor- disease.
yctes vacci'nce, vaccine bodies found in the guipsine (gip'sen) [Fr. gui, mistletoe.] A drug
cornea of rabbits inoculated with vaccine lymph. prepared from fresh mistletoe, having apressor
G. gel'atin-a'gar, see under agar. properties recommended in doses of gr. i (0.05)
;

guathol (gwath'ol). Trade name of a disinfectant in cases of high blood-pressure.

preparation of pyrocatechin ethyl ether. guja (goo'hah). Epidemic bronchial asthma of
Guber, Bosnia. Chalybeate-arsenical waters. Cold Guam; a disease defined by F. E. McCullough,
Used internally in chlorosis, anemia, nervous U.S.N., as a septicemia, apparently peculiar to
affections, fevers, and skin diseases. the Ladrone, Carolina, and Bonin islands; it oc-
gubernac'ulum [L. a helm.] A fibrous cord con- curs as an epidemic and is characterized by hemor-
necting two structures, g. den'tis, a connective- rhagic infarction of the lungs, intestinal ulcera-
tissue band uniting the tooth-sac with the gum. tion, cloudy swelling of the parenchymatous or-
g. tes'tis, a cord-like structure (in the fetus and gans, and enlargement of the mesenteric and med-
infant), formed of a peritoneal fold containing iastinal lymph nodes. Clinically the disease is
fibrous and muscular tissue, attached to the marked by a spasmodic attack of dyspnea or a
lower end of the testis and to the abdominal severe diarrhea with bronze-green stools, con-
wall near the inguinal region; it is concerned stituting two sharply defined types of the disease
in the descent of the testis" Hun'ter's g., g. testis. rarely the pneumonic and enteric types occur
Gubler's hemiple'gia (goob'ler or giib-lair') [Adolphe simultaneously.
Gubler (his triie name was Goblet), Parisian gu'Ia, gen. gu'lis [L.] Throat, gullet.
physician, 1821-1879.] G.'s paralysis. G.'s ic'- gulancha (goo-lan'chah) [East Indian.] Tinospora
terus, a form of hematogenous jaundice assumed (B.A.), a bitter tonic and stomachic.
by G. to be due to such rapid hemolysis that the gul'let [L. gula, throat.] Pharynx and esophagus,
liver is unable to dispose of the hemoglobin set the swallow.
free. G.'s line, the level of the superficial origin Gull's disease' [Sir William Withey Gull, London
of the trigeminus on the pons, a lesion below physician, 1816-1890.] Myxedema of adults.
which causes G.'s paralysis. G.'s paral'ysis, GuU-Sut'ton disease' [Sir William Withey Gull;
hemiplegia altemans. G.'s syn'drome, Millard- John Bland
Sutton, English surgeon, contempor-
Gubler syndrome, same as G.'s paralysis. G.'s Arteriocapillary fibrosis.*
ary.]
tu'mor, a fusiform swelling on the wrist in lead gum. 1. [L. gummi.'] The dried exuded sap from
palsy. a number of trees and shrubs, forming an amor-
Gud'den's com'missure [Bemhard Aloys v. Gudden, phous brittle mass ;it forms usua lly a mucilaginous
German alienist, 1824-1886.] Commissura in- solution in water. 2. [A.S. goma, jaw.] Gin-
ferior. G.'s gan'glion, ganglion interpeduncu- giva, the fibrous tissue covering the alveolar
lare. processes of the jaws; see gums. 3. An acnei-
Gujneau de Mussy's point (ga-no"de-mu-se') form eruption in the infant, ac'aroid g.,
[Noel Franf ois Odon Guineau de Mussy, Parisian acaroid resin, an'imal g., a gum-like hydrocar-
physician, 1813-1885.] A point, painful on pres- bon derived from mucin, black -boy g., acaroid
sure, at the junction of a line prolonging the left resin.* blue g.. Eucalyptus globulus. Bot'any
border of the sternum and a horizontal line at the Bay g., acaroid resin.* Brit'ish g., dextrin.
level of end of the bony portion of the tenth rib Cape g., a g. resembling g. arable, from Acacia
it is present in cases of diaphragmatic pleurisy. horrida of South Africa, doc'tor g., a, g. from
Guenz's lig'ament (gunts) [Justus Gottfried Guenz, Rhus metopium, a South American tree. g.
German anatomist, 1714-1784.] A few fibers of ar'abic, acacia, g. ben'jamin, benzoin, g. guai'-
the obturator membrane forming the upper acum, guaiaci resina, guaiacum.* g. thus,
boundary of the obturator canal. American frankincense, an exudate from Pinus
Guenzburg's rea'gent (gtints'boorg) [Alfred Guenz- sylvestris. g. trag'acanth, tragacantha. Hogg
burg, German physician, nineteenth century.] A g., doctor g. red g., strophulus. Sen'egal g.,
solution of phloroglucin 2, vanillin i, in absolute • the g. of Acacia Senegal, watt'le g., a g. re-
alcohol 30 when a few drops of this solution are
; sembling gum arable from a species of Acacia
heated in a porcelain dish with an equal amount growing in Australia, white g., miliaria alba in
of gastric juice, if the latter contains free hydro- infants.
chloric acid a beautiful carmine red color is gum'boil. Parulis, a small abscess of the gum.
produced. gum-bush. Eriodictyon.
Gu^rin's fold (ga-raii') [Alphonse GuSrin, Parisian gumma, pi. gum'mala (gum'mah) [L. gummi,
surgeon, 1816-1895.] Valvula fossae navicularis. gum.] An
infectious granuloma, the char-
G.'s glands, Skene's glands. G.'s si'nus, a cul- acteristic lesion of late, or tertiary, syphilis,
de-sac or diverticulum behind G.'s fold. G.'s occurring in any of the organs *'or tissues;
valve, G.'s fold. in time it undergoes fatty and caseous degenera-
 ;

GUMMA 423 GYMNOPHOBIA

tion, its center breaking down into a peculiar gutta-percha is used as a substitute for collodion
gummy material, tuber'culous g., a sub- as a protective and to seal incised wounds.
cutaneous nodule, the size of a marble or gutt'ate. Of the shape of, or resembling, a drop,
larger, tuberculous in nature, which breaks characterizing certain cutaneous lesions.
down into a sluggish ulcer. gutta'tim [L.] Drop by drop.
gum'mate. Arabate, a salt of arable acid. gut-tie (gut'ti). Ileus in the horse or in cattle.
gum'matous. Relating to gummata. Guttmann's sign (goot'mahn) [Paul Guitmann,
gum'mi [L.] Gum (i). g. in'dicum (B.A.), Indian Berlin physician, 1834-1893.] A thrill over the
gum, ghatti gum, a gummy exudation from the thyroid in exophthalmic goiter.
wood of Anogeissus latifolia; demulcent, similar gut'tur [L.] Throat.
in properties to gimi arable. gutt'ural. Relating to the throat, throaty.
gummose (gum'5z). A sijgar derived from animal gutturotet'any. Laryngeal spasm causing a tem-
gum. porary stutter.
gummy, i. Viscous, mucilaginous, resembling a Gutzeit's test (goot'tsit). For arsenic; a piece of
gum. 2. Relating to or resembling a gumma. zinc and a little sulphuric acid are added to the
gum-plant. Grindelia. suspected liquid which is then boiled; a bit of
gum-res'in. The dry exudate from a number of
•
filter paper with a silver nitrate solution is held
plants, consisting of a mixture of a gum and a in the vapor and will turn yellow if arsenic is
resin, the former soluble in water but not alcohol, present.
the latter soluble in alcohol but not water. Guy's pill (gi) [so called because largely used at Guy's
gums. [Plural of gum.] Gingivae, gum (2). Hospital, London.] A
pill suggested for use in

bleeding from, ulorrhea (slight), ulorrhagia, ulemor- mitral incompetence with hepatic congestion
rhagia (profuse), inflammation, ulitis, gingivitis- and ascites composed of i grain each of digi-
;

gumboil, parulis. pain, ulalgia, ulodynia, ulaganac. talis, squill, extract of hyoscyamus, and blue
tesis, gingivalgia.' receding of, ulatrophia, ulatrophy,
relating to, gingival, uletic. tumor, uloncus, epulisl mass; it is similar to the pilulae digitalis, scillas
parulis, parodontis. ulceration, ulocace, gingiva et hydrargyri (N.F.).
stomatocace. Guy de Chauliac (ged-sho-le-ak'). A French sur-
gun-cotton. Pyroxylin, a solution of which in geon of the fourteenth century, practising at
ether constitutes collodium.* Avignon. He wrote a celebrated treatise on
gurgulio (goor-gooTi-o) [L. gullet, windpipe.] surgery, entitled " Chirurgia magna," published
Uvula. in 1363, which, was regarded as an authority for
gur'jun bal'sam. Oleoresina dipterocarpi. three centuries.
gu'ru-nut. Kola. Guyon's amputa'tion (gii-yawn') [Felix Jean Casimir
Gussenbauer's clamp (goos'en-bow-er) [Carl Gus- Guyon, Parisian surgeon, *i83i.] Amputation
senbauer, German surgeon", *r842.] A metal bar above the malleoli, a modification of Syme's*
with two nails which are driven, one Into each operation. G.'s isth'mus, isthmus* uteri. G.'s
fragment, in the treatment of ununited fracture. meth'od, treatment of ingrowing toenail by
G.'s opera'tlon, for stricture of the esophagus, -a. the excision of a wedge-shaped piece from the
tenotome being Introduced through an opening side of the great toe. G.'s sign, (i) ballottement
Into the canal above the seat of obstruction. of the kidney in cases of nephroptosia, especially
G.'s su'ture, a figure-of-8 suture for the Intestine, when there is also a renal tumor; (2) the hypo-
resembling the Czemy-Lembert but not including glossal nerve lies directly upon the external
the mucous membrane. carotid artery, whereby this vessel may be distin-
gusta'tion [L. gusiare, to taste.] The act of tasting; guished from the internal carotid when ligation is
the sense of taste. necessary,
gus'tatory. Relating to gustation, or taste, g. Gymnamoebida (jim-nS-me'bi-dah) [G. gymnos,
bud, calyculus gustatorius [BNA]. naked, + amoibe, change (ameba.] An order of
gut [A.S.] The intestine, fore-g., the upper part Ameebea, in which there is no shell though there
of the primitive alimentary tract, developing into may be an enveloping layer of condensed ecto-
the pharynx to the duodenum inclusive, head-g. plasm; the genus Amasba is in this order.
fore-g. hind-g., the lower part of the primitive gynmastics (jim-nas'tiks) [G. gymnos, naked ] Mus-
alimentary tract, developing into the colon. cular exercise, performed indoors, as distinguished
mid-g., the middle part of the primitive alimen- from athletics, and usually by means of special
tary tract, developing into the jejunum and ileum apparatus. Swe'dish g., Swedish movements, a
mesogaster. tail-g., a diverticulum of the form of cinesitherapy, certain systematized move-
primitive alimentary tract passing into the caudal ments of the body and limbs regulated by resist-
part of the embryo. ance made by an attendant.
Guth'rie's mus'cle [George James Guthrie, London gymne'ma [G. gymnos, naked, + nema, thread.]
surgeon, 1785-1856.] Musculus sphincter ure- The leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, a tree of trop-
thras membranaceae. ical Africa, order Asclepiadacecs; used to disguise
gutta (gut'tah) [L.] A
drop, roughly a minim the taste of bitter medicines.
of water, but varying greatly according to the gymne'mic acid. An acid, CajHsjOu, derived from
nature of the liquid and the form of the vessel the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, or Asclepias
from which it falls. See drops, gut'ta geminata.
anglica'nae, English drops; a preparation made gym"nobacte'ria [G. gymnos, naked.] Non-cap-
by mixing oil of lavender i part, alcohol 8 sulated and non-flagellated bacteria.
parts, and spirit of hartshorn 32 parts, and gymnocarpous (jim-no-kar'pus) [G gymnos, naked,
distilling;used as a stimulant, g. rosa'cea, + karpos, fruit.] Noting certain fungi in which
rosacea, acne* rosacea, g. sere'na, amaurosis. the hymenium is exposed while the spores are
gutta-percha (gut"ah-pur'chah) [Malay, gaiah, gum, forming.
+ percha, the name of a tree.] (N.F.) The gynmocyte (jim'no-sit) [G. gymnos, naked, + kytos,
dried milky juice of Palaquium gutta (Isonandra cell.] A naked cell, a cell without limiting mem-
gutta); employed in the manufacture of splints brane.
and for various other purposes; a solution of gymnophobia (jim-no-fo'bl-ah) [G. gymnos, naked,
 ,

GYMNOPHOBIA 424 GYRUS

gyp'sum Calcium sulphate, dried calcii

+ phobos, fear.] Morbid dread and intolerance [L.] g.,

of the sight of a naked person or of an uncovered sulphas exsicoatus, plaster of Paris.

part of the body. gyrate (ji'rat) [L. gyratus, turned round.] Of con-
gymnospermous (jim-no-spur'mus) [G. gymnos, voluted or ring shape.
naked, + sperma, seed.] In botany, noting a gjrra'tion. i. Revolution, circular motion; 2. Ar-

plant in which the ovules are not inclosed in an rangement of convolutions or gyri in the brain.
ovary. gyre (jir). Gyrus, convolution.
gyninospore (jim'no-spor) [G. gymnos, naked.] gy'ri. Plural of gyrus.
A nonsexual spore not protected by a chitinous gyromele (ji'ro-mel) [G. gyros, circle, -I- mele, a
envelope. probe,] An instrument used for cleansing the stom-
Gym"nosporid'ia. An order of Hamosporidia infest- ach it consists of a sponge at the end of a revolv-
;

ing the blood-corpuscles of vertebrates, passing ing rod, which is passed through a stomach-tube.
the sexual cycle in an invertebrate host. gyro'sa. Sham-movement vertigo.*
Gymnostomi'na [G. gymnos, naked, + stoma, mouth.] gyrose (ji'ros) [L. gyrus, a circle.] Marked by irreg-
A suborder of Holotrichida in which there is no ular curved lines like the surface of a cerebral
undulating membrane about the mouth opening. hemisphere; noting a form of marking of a bac-
gynsecorogist. Gynecologist. terial colony; see cut under colony 2, I.
gynsecol'ogy. Gynecology. gyrospasm (ji'ro-spazm) [G. gyros, circle, -t-
gynsecoph'orus. Bilharzia. spasmos, spasm.] Spasmodic rotary movements
gy'nandrism (ji'nan-drizm) [G. gynl, woman, -I- of the head.
aner(andr-), man.] Hermaphroditism. gyrus, gen. and pi. gy'ri (ji'rus) [G. gyros, circle.]
gynandroid (ji-nan'droyd) [G. gyne, woman, + Convolution, one of the prominent rounded ele-
aner^andr-), man, + eidos, resemblance.] A vations on the surface of the hemispheres of the
woman with hermaphroditic sexual characteristics brain; they are separated from each other by more
who is mistaken for a man. or less deep furrows, the fissures or sulci.
gynandromorphism (ji-nan-dro-mor'fizm) [G. gyne,
woman, -I- aner(andr-), man, -I- morphe, form.]
g. angula'ris [BNA], angular convolution, a folded
A combination of male and female characteristics.
convolution in the inferior parietal lobule formed by the
gynan"dromor'phous. Having both male and united ends of the superior and middle temporal gyri
female characteristics. bending round the posterior upturned extremity of the
gynan'drous [G. gyne, woman, + aner(andr-), man. superior temporal sulcus.
Noting = flower, as an orchid, in which the sta- g. annec'tens [L. annectere, to join on], annectent g.
mens are adherent to the pistil. g. transitivus [BNA].

gynatresia (ji-n^-tre'zl-ah) [G. gyne, woman, + a- gy'ri bre'ves in'sulse [BNA], preinsular gyri, several
radiating gyri converging toward the insular pole,
priv. + tresis, a hole.] Occlusion of the vagina
making up the preinsula.
by a more or less thick membrane. g. callo'sus, callosal convolution, g. cinguli [BNA].
gynecium, gyncecium (ji-ne'si-um) [G. gyni, woman, g. centra'lis ante'rior [BNA], anterior central con-
-I- oikion, house.] The female portion of a flower, volution, ascending frontal convolution, the posterior
the carpel or pistil. convolution of the frontal lobe bounded posteriorly by
gynecological (ji-ne-ko-lojl-kal). Relating to gyne- the fissure of Rolando and anteriorly by the precentral
cology. sulcus.
g. centra'lis poste'rior [BNA], posterior central con-
gynecologist (ji-ne-kol'o-jist). A specialist in the
volution, ascending parietal convolution, the anterior
treatment of diseases peculiar to women.
convolution of the parietal lobe, bounded in front by
gynecology (ji-ne-kol'o-jJ) [G. gyne(gynaik-), woman, the fissure of Rolando and posteriorly by the inter-
-I- -logia.'] The branch of medicine which has to parietal sulcus.
do with the diseases peculiar to women. g. cin'guli [BNA], convolution of the cingulum,
gynecomastia, gynecomasty (ji-ne-ko-mas'tJ-ah, ji- callosal convolution, g. fomicatus (of the older nomen-
ne-ko-mas'tl) [G. gyne(gynaik-), woman, -H mas- clature), a long, curved convolution arching over the

tos, breast.] The presence in the male of large corpus callosum, from which it is separated by the
sulcus corporis callosi; on its upper surface it is
mammary glands, sometimes secreting milk. bounded by the sulcus cinguli and (posteriorly) by the
gy"necoma'zia [G. gyne(gynaik-), woman, -I- mazes, sulcus subparietalis; it forms the upper part of the
breast.] Gynecomastia. limbic lobe, or g. fomicatus [BNA].
gynephobia (ji-ne-fo'bi-ah) [G. gyne, woman, + g. denta'tus, dentate gyrus, fascia dentata hippo-
phobos, fear.] A morbid aversion to the society campi [BNA].
of women. g. fornica'tus [BNA], fornicate convolution, limbic

gynesic, gynssic (ji-ne'sik). Relating to the dis- lobe, falciform lobe, a long, ring-like convolution on the
mesial aspect of the hemisphere, encircling the corpus
eases peculiar to women.
callosum; its various parts are called g. cinguli, isthmus,
gyniatrics (ji-nl-at'riks) [G. gyne, woman, -I- iatrikos, hippocampi, and uncus. (The [BNA] term for
g.
medicine or surgery.] Treatment of the diseases gyrus fomicatus of the older nomenclature is gyrus
of women. cinguli.)
gyniatry (ji-nl-at'rl) [G. gyne, woman, -H iatreia, g. fronta'lls ascen'dens, ascending frontal convolu-
healing.] Gyniatrics. tion, g. centralis anterior [BNA].
gynocardia (jin-o-kar'di-ah). Chaulmoogra. g. fronta'Iis infe'rior [BNA], interior frontal convolu-
tion, a broad convolution on the outer surface of the
gy'nophore [G. gyne, woman, -t- phoros, bearer.]
frontal lobe of the cerebrum between the inferior frontal
In botany, the stalk supporting the female organ sulcus and the fissure of Sylvius; it is divided by
of a flower. branches of the Sylvian fissure into three parts: pars
gynoplas'tics [G. gyne, woman, -I- plassd, I form.] basilaris (opercularis [BNA]), pars triangularis, and
Reparative or plastic surgery of the female pars orbitalis; the first two constitute a portion of the
genital organs. operculum.
gynoval (ji'no-val). Trade name of the isobomeol- me'dius [BNA], middle frontal convolu-
g. fronta'lls
tion, a convolution on the convex surface of each frontal
ester of isovalerianic acid, a colorless liquid of
lobe of the cerebrum running in an anteroposterior
aromatic odor and oleaginous taste recommended
;
direction between the superior and inferior frontal
in functional nervous disorders in doses of sulci; it is divided into an upper and a lower portion
n]j 8 (0.5) two to four times a day. by the middle frontal sulcus.
GYRUS 42s GYRUS

g. fronta'lis supe'rior [BNA], superior frontal con- g. preecentra'lis, precentral, anterior central, or as-
volution, marginal g., a broad convolution running in cending frontal convolution ,g. centralis anterior
an anteroposterior direction on the inner edge of the t BNA].
convex surface and on the mesial surface of each gy'riprofua'di cer'ebri [BNA], deep cerebral con-
frontal lobe; it is continued on the inferior concave volutions.
surface of this lobe as the g. rectus. g. rec'tus [BNA], straight convolution, a longitudi-
g. fusifor'mis [BNA], fusiform convolution, occipito- nal convolution on the under surface of each frontal
temporal convolution, a long wide convolution on the lobe of the cerebrum between the longitudinal fissure
under surface of the temporal and occipital lobes, and the olfactory sulcus.
between the inferior temporal (occipitotemporal) and g. subcallo'sus [BNA], subcallosal convolution,
collateral fissures. Zuckerkandl's convolution, peduncle of the corpus
g. hippocam'pi [BNA], hippocampal convolution, a callosum, a rather ill-defined, narrow convolution
convolution lying to the inner side of each temporal between the rostral lamina of the corpus calloSum and
lobe of the cerebrum from which it is separated by the the parolfactory area, being separated from the latter
collateral fissure; it is connected with the g. cinguli by the sulcus parolfactorius posterior.
posteriorly through the isthmus and forms the lower g. BUpracallo'sus, supracallosal g., the thin coating of
portion of the g. fomicatus (limbic lobe). gray matte? covering the surface of the corpus coUosum.
g. in'suls [BNA], see gyri breves insula and g. g. supramargina'lis [BNA], supramarginal convolu-
Jongus insula. tion, a folded convolution in the inferior parietal
g. lingua'lis [BNA], lingual convolution, a g. on the lobule, capping the posterior extremity of the lateral
tentorial surface of each hemisphere, forming, the pos- (Sylvian) fissure.
terior continuation of the hippocampal convolution, g. tempora'lis infe'rior [BNA], inferior temporal
between the calcarine and the collateral fissures; it is convolution third temporal convolution a sagitta 1
, ,

variously regarded as a convolution of the temporal or convolution on the inferolateral border of the temporal
of the occipital lobe. lobo of the cerebrum, bounded by the middle and
g. lon'gus in'sulsB [BNA], a single long gyre compos- inferior temporal sulci.
ing the postinsula. g. tempora'lis me'dius [BNA], middle temporal con-
g. maigina'lis, marginal g., g. frontalis superior volution, second temporal convolution, a longitudinal
[BNA]. gyrus on the lateral surface of the temporal lobe,
g. occiplta'Us latera'Iis [BNA], lateral occipital con- between the supeiior and middle temporal fissures;
volution, one of several small and variable convolu- posteriorly it curves around the extremity of the
tions on the lateral surface of the occipital lobe of the superior tempera' sulcus to join the superior temporal
cerebral hemisphere. convolution, forming the angular gyrus
g. occipita'lis supe'rior [BNA], superior occipital con- g. tempora'lis supe'rior [BNA], supertemporal con-
volution, one of several variable convolutions on the volution, superior temporal convolution, first tem--
superior convex surface of the occipital lobe of the poral convolution, a longitudinal gyrus on the lateral
cerebrum. surface of the temporal Ipbe between the lateral
g, occipitotempora'Iis, occipitotemporal convolution, (Sylvian) fissure and the superior temporal sulcus,
g. fusiformis [BNA], g. tempora'lis transver'sus [BNA], transverse tem-
g. orbita'lis [BNA], orbital gyrus, one of a numter of poral convolution, one of two or three convolutions
small, irregular convolutions occupying the concave running transversely on the surface of the temporal lobe
inferior surface of each frontal lobe of the cerebrum. bordering on the lateral (Sylvian) fissure, separated
g. parieta'Iis ascen'dens, ascending parietal convolu- from each other by the transverse temporal sulci.
tion, g. centralis posterior [BNA], g. translti'vus [BNA], transition g., annectent g., a
g. parieta'lis supe'rior, superior parietal g., lobulus small convolution connecting two lobes or two main
paiietalis superior [BNA]. gyri, especially such a small gyrus found crossing the
g. parieta'lis infe'rior, inferior parietal g., lobulus bottom of the fissure of Rolando.
parietalis inferior [BNA]. g. uncina'tus, uncinate g., uncus gyri hippocampi
g. postcentra'lis, posterior central or ascending [BNA], the anterior hook-shaped portion of the g,
parietal convolution, g. centralis posterior [BNA]. hippocampi.
 ;

H 426 HAGEDORN NEEDLE

H
H. Abbreviation for hyperopia or hyperopic; ism, in its development from the ovum, passes
horizontal. Symbol for hydrogen. Abbrevia- through the same changes as did the species in
tion for Holzknecht unit. developing from the lower to the higher forms
H"*". Abbreviation for hydrogen ion. of animal life; "ontogeny is a recapitulation of
Haab's mag'net (hahb) [O. Haab, Zurich ophthal- phylogeny." H.'s mone'ra, a doubtful genus
mologist, *i85o.] A very powerful electric of Protozoa in which division occurs without any
magnet used for drawing out chips of iron or well-defined nucleus.
steel which have become imbedded in the eye- haemamoeba (hem-S,-me'bah). Plasmodium, a pro-
ball. H.'s re'flex, cortical pupillary reflex; con- tozoan organism parasitic in the red blood-cells of
traction of the pupil when, in a dark room; the warm-blooded animals.
subject's attention is directed to a light placed haematoxylon (hem-S-tok'sS-lon) [G. haima
to one side of him, the eyes, however, not being {haimat-), blood, + xylon, wood.] (N.P.)
turned toward it. Haematoxyli lignum (Br.), hematoxylon, log-
habe'na [L. rein.] i. A frenum or restricting wood, the heart-wood of Hamatoxylon campechi-
fibrous band. 2. Habenula (2). 3. A restrain- anum, a tree of Central America astringent and
;

ing bandage. tonic, employed occasionally in diarrhea in doses

hab'enal, hab'enar. Relating to an habena. of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0), but chiefly used as a dye
haben'ula [L. strap.] i. A frenulum, a restraining and as a stain in histology and bacteriology.
band. 2. [BNA] Peduncle or stalk of the pineal haemoccel (hem'o-sel) [G. haima, blood, -I- koiloma,
body, a hollow structure attached to the pineal cavity.] The system of blood-containing spaces
body its dorsal part is continuous on either side
; pervading the body in molluscs and arthropods.
with the stria meduUaris of the thalamus, its hsemocoe'lom [G. haima, blood, -I- koiloma, a hol-
ventral part is curved around the posterior com- low.]The body cavity of the embryo containing
missure of the cerebrum, h. perfora'ta, fora- the primitive heart.
mina nervosa [BNA].' h. urethra'lis, one of two Hsemogregari'na. A genus of protozoan organisms,
fine, whitish lines running from the meatus of the order Hcemosporidia, parasitic usually in
urethrae to the clitoris in girls and young women the blood-cells of cold-blooded animals.
they are the vestiges of the anterior part of the Heemopro'teus. Halteridium.
corpus spongiosum. hsmorrhagia (hem-or-ra'ji-ah) [G. haima, blood, -t-
haben'ular. Relating to an habenula, especially -rhagia.] Hemorrhage, h. per rhex'in, hemor-
the stalk of the pineal body. h. tri'gone, a rhage due to rupture of a blood-vessel.
triangular plate, formed by the continuations of Haemospo'rea. A suborder of Heemosporidia, most,
the medullary striae of the thalamus, at the dorsal though not all, of the members of which are
part of the habenula (2). parasitic in the blood-corpuscles of cold-blooded
hab'it [L. habitus; habere, to have.] i. A practice animals.
or custom established by frequent repetition of Haemosporid'ia. An order of Telosporidia parasitic
the same act. ;i. Habitus, drug h., drug* addic- in the blood of various animals; it includes
tion, pharmacopsychosis. h. of body, habitus. Plasmodium, Halteridium, and HcBmogregarina.
hab'itat [L. habitare, to dwell.] The place where a Haen's pills (hah'en) [Anton de Haen, Dutch
species of animal or plant is found in nature. physician practising in Vienna, 1704-1776.]
hab'itus [L. habit.] The general characteristic ap- Aloes, 10, resin of scammony and resin of
pearance of the body indicating a constitutional jalap, of each 3, powdered ginger, 4, soap, 10;
tendency to some disease or metabolic fault. to make 100 pills.
h. apoplec'ticus, the appearance of one who is Haeser's for'mula (ha'zer) [Heinrich Haeser, Ger-
thick-set and corpulent with short neck, red face, man physician and medical historian, 181 1— 1884.]
and tortuous temporal arteries, h. enteroptot'- Trapp*-Haeser formula.
icus, the physical state significant of enterop- Haff'ldne's se'rum [Waldemar Mordecai Wolff
tosia, characterized by a long, narrow abdomen Haffkine, Russian physician, *i86o.] ±. A dead
and a thorax with a costal angle below 90°. culture of the cholera spirillum employed as
habroma'nia [G. habros, cheerful, -I- mania.'] A a prophylactic; there are two vaccines, weak
form of delusional insanity in which the imagin- and strong, the latter being a culture the viru-
ings assume a cheerful or joyous character; lence of which has been increased by growth in
amenomania. the peritoneal cavity of a guinea-pig; an in-
hachement (ash-mon') [Fr. chopping.] The hacking jection of the weak serum is first given and is
stroke in massage. followed in 3 or 4 days by one of the stronger
Hackenbruch's expe'rience (hah'ken-brookh) [Peter cultures. 2. Adead culture of the plague bacillus
TheodoT Hackenbruch, Wiesbaden surgeon. *i865.] given by injection as a prophylactic.
The area of anesthesia following the injection of haffkinize (haf'kin-iz) [W. M. W. Haffkine.] To
cocaine or one of its substitutes is rhombic in immunize with the Haffkine cholera or plague
shape. serum against one or the other disease.
hack'ing. A
chopping stroke made with the edge hafussl baths (hah-foos'e) [Ger. hand, hand, -t- fuss,
of the hand in massage. foot.] A modification of the Naulieim baths, the
hee-. For words so beginning not found below, hands and feet only of the patient being immersed
see he-. in hot water impregnated with carbon dioxide
Haeck'el's law [Ernst Heinrich Haeckel, German gas.
naturalist, 1834-1919.] The individual organ- Hagedom nee'dle (hah'geh-dom) [Werner Hagedom,
 ,

HAGEDORN NEEDLE 427 HALLER'S ACID ELIXIR

German surgeon, 1831— 1894.] A curved surgical —

sheath has two layers of Henle and of Huxley,
needle flattened on the sides. and finally the follicle is lined with a thin layer of
hagiother'apy [G. hagios, saint, + therapeia, treat- cells, the cuticle of the root-sheath.
ment.] Treatment of the sick by means of hair-matrix (har-ina'triks). The internal or epi-
contact with relics of the saints, visits to shrines, dermic root of the hair-follicle.
and other religious observances. hair-root. Radix pili.
Hag'ner opera'tion [Francis R. Hagner, American hair-shaft. Scapus pili.
surgeon, *i873.] The establishment of drainage hair-streams. Flumina pilorum.
by means of an incision into the epididymis in halazone (hal'a-zon). Trade name of a chlorine
cases of gonorrheal epidid3Thitis. preparation, in tablet form, p-sulphondichlor-
Hahnemannian (hah-nS-mahn'i-an) [Samuel aminobenzoic acid (Cl2N.OjS.C6H4.COOH), em-
Christian Frederic Hahnemann, German physi- ployed for the sterilization of water in concentra-
cian, the founder of the doctrine of homeo- tion of I 300,000.
:

pathy, 1755-1843.] Relating to Hahnemann Hales' piezometer (pi-e-zom'e-tur) [Stephen Hales,

or to the doctrine he taught. English physiologist,. 1677-1761.] A glass tube
Haidinger's brush'es (hi'ding-er). An appearance inserted into an artery at right angles to its axis,
produced when polarized light from an evenly the pressure being shown by the height to which
illmninated surface falls upon the eye it consists
; the blood ascends in the tube.
of a dark yellowish brush or tuft, narrowest in halisteresis (hal-I-stS-re'sis) [G. hals, salt, -I- steresis,
its center, which separates from each other two privation.] A deficiency of lime salts in the bones,
lighter bluish tufts, placed vertically to the first. osteomalacia, malacosteon. h. ce'rea, waxy
Haines's for'mula [Walter Stanley Haines, American softening of the bones.
chemist and toxicologist, *i85o.] The last two halisteret'ic. Relating to or marked by halisteresis.
figures of the specific gravity of a specimen of halito'sis [L. haliius, breath, -f- -osis.] Bad breath.
urine multiplied by i i indicates the number of
. halituous (hal-it'u-us) [L. haliius, breath.] Vapor-
grains of solids in each fluid ounce. H.'s rea'gent, ous; covered with moisture, h. bruit, Wahl's
copper sulphate -2, caustic potash 7.5, glycerin sign. ,

15, distilled water 150; employed in Trommer's hal'itus [L.] i Breath, z. Exhalation, warm
test. vapor.
hair [A.S. haer.] i. Pilus, one of the fine, long Hall's dinn'er pill. (N.F.) Purified aloes, extract
flexibleappendages of the skin, covering the of licorice, powdered soap, and molasses each gr.
entire body except on the palms and soles and [ (0.06).
other flexor surfaces. See pihts and scapus. The Hall's disease, H.'s meth'od. See Marshall Hall.
hairs of the various parts of the body have received Hall's solu'tion of strych'nine. Liquor strychninse
special names (see below). 2. One of the fine, acetatis (N.F.).
hair-like processes of the auditory cells of the laby- Halle, Bavaria (hah'leh). Saline-bromo-iodized
rinth, of the taste-bulbs, and of other sensory waters. Used internally in goiter, and scrofu-
cells, called auditory hairs, gustatory hairs, sen- lous swellings.
sory hairs, etc. bead'ed h., monilithrix. monil'- Hallo's point (S-la') [Adrien Joseph Marie Noel
iform h., monilithrix. ringed h., a condition in Halls, Parisian physician, *i859.] A
point at the
which the hair shows alternate pigmented and intersection of a horizontal line touching the
white segments, trichonosus versicolor anterior superior spine of, the ilium and a perpen-
dicular line drawn from the spine of the pubes;
beaded, monilethrix, monilifonn
hair, brittleness here the ureter can be most readily palpated.
trichorrhexis, trichoclasis, clastothrix, fragilitas cri-
Hal'ler's acid ellx'ir [Albrecht von Haller, Swiss
nium. bulb, bulbus pili. care of, capilliculture.
disease, trichopathy, cacotrichia, trichosis, trichonosis, anatomist and botanist, 1708— 1777.] Mistura
trichonosus. downy, lanugo, dryness, xerasia. erec- sulphurica acida (N.F.). H.'s ansa, a curving
tion of, horripilation, ^oose-flesh, hystricism. excess-
branch of the facial nerve below the stylomastoid
ive growth, hypertrichosis, hirsuties. falling of,
defl'uxic) capillarum, defluvium, defiuxion, psUosis, foramen. H.'s arches, the internal and external
trichatrophy, trichorrhea. fineness, leptotrichia. fol- arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm; see arcns
licle,foUiculus pili. fungous disease, lepothrix, trich- lumbocostalis. H.'s circle, (i) arteries encircling
'

omycosis, trichomycetosis, Beigel's disease, chignon,

piedra, tinea nodosa, trichophytosis, grayness, cani- the optic nerve in the sclerotic coat, circulus
ties, poliosis, achromatosis. having black, melano- arteriosus Halleri; (2) veins in the areola encir-
comous, melanotrichous. having straight, liotrichous, cling the nipple, circulus venosus Halleri; (3)
lissotrichous. having white, leucotrichous. loss of,
calvities, baldness, acomia, alopecia; ophiasis (encir- the fibrocartilaginous ring in each side of the
cling head), matting of, trichiasis coacta, plica, trich- heart supporting the mitral and tricuspid' valves
oraatosis, trichoma, of the adlla, hircus (pi. hirci). o£ respectively, circulus callosus or fibrosus Halleri.
the ears, tragus (pi. tragi), of the eyebrows, super-
cilium (pi. supercilia) of the eyelids, cilium (pi. cilia)
.
H.'s colic omen'tum, an adhesive band some-
eyelash, of the face, barba. of the genitals, pubis (pi. times connecting the omentum and the testis
pubes), of the head, capillus (pi. capilli). of the nos- in the fetus and descending with the testis
trils, vibrissa (pi. vibrissae). removal of, depilation,
capillurgy. ringed, trichonosus versicolor, root, radix into the scrotum. H.'s cones, coni vasculosi,
pili.
~
science relating to, trichology. shaft, scapus pili. conical masses formed by the convolutions of
splitting of, distrix, schizotrichia, scissura pilorum. the vasa efferentia of the testis passing to the
stiffness, hystricism, hystriciasis. treatise on, trichol-
ogy. woolly, lanugo. globus major of the epididymis. H.'s fretum,
a constricted space between the ventricle and
hair-bulb. Bulbus pili. the atrium or arterial bulb jn the fetal heart.
FoUiculus pili; a cylindri-
hair-follicle (har-fol'i-kl). H.'s haben'ula, the cord-like remains of the
cal pit dipping down through
the corium into the processus vaginalis peritonsei. H.'s isthmus,
subcutaneous connective tissue; it contains the H.'s fretiun. H.'s line, linea splendens, a fibrous
root of the hair. The outer or dermic coat con- line in the spinal pia mater. H.'s plexus, a
sists of three layers an outer longitudinal, a mid-
: nervous plexus of sympathetic filaments and
dle transverse, and an inner vitreous or homo- branches of the external laryngeal nerve on the
geneous the internal or epidermic coat is formed
; surface of the inferior constrictor muscle of the
of the mucous layer of the epidermis; the root- larynx. H.'s re'te, rete* testis. H.'s tripod,
HALLER'S ACID ELIXIR 428 HAMILTON'S METHOD

celiac axis. H.'s tu'nica vasculo'sa, the vascular

layer of the chorioid coat of the eye. H.'s un'-
guis, hippocampus minor, calcar avis [BNA].
H.'s vas aber'rans, a diverticulum of the epidi-
dymis extending upward in the angle between
the epididymis and the vas deferens,
hal'lex, pi. hal'lices [L.] Hallux.
Hallion's law (al-yawh') [L. Hallion, French physi-
cian, contemporary.] Extracts of an organ exert
on the same organ a stimulating influence, increas-
ing its secretion when deficient and favoring its
restoration when injured. H.'s test, Tufiier's
test; when the main artery and vein of a limb
are compressed, in a case of aneurysm, swell-
ing of the veins of the hand or foot will take
place only when the collateral circulation
is free.
Hallopeau's disease' (S-lS-po') [Henri Hallopeau,
Parisian dermatologist, 1842— 1919.] Pustular
dermatitis.
hall'ucal. Relating to the great toe.
hallucina'tion [L. alucinari, to wander in mind.]
A subjective perception of what does not exist.
ballucino'sis. A psychosis marked especially by
more or less persistent hallucinations.
hal'lus. Hallux. . J
hallux, pi. hal'luces [L.] [BNA]. The great toe,
the first digit of the foot. h. doloro'sus, pain-
ful toe, a condition, usually associated with flat-
foot, in which walking causes severe pain in the
metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe.
h. flez'us, hammer-toe. h. rig'idus, stiff toe, a
condition in which walking is painful on account
of stiffness in the metatarsophalangeal joint of
the great toe. h. valgus, a deviation of the great
toe toward the outer or lateral side of the foot.
h. varus, deviation of the great toe to the inner
side of the foot away from its neighbor.
halmatogenesis (hal"mS-to-jen'e-sis) [G. halma, a
spring, leap, + genesis, production, generation.]
Saltatory variation, a sudden change of type
from one generation t,o the other.
halo [G. halos, a circular threshing floor.] i. A
reddish yellow ring surrounding the optic disc,
due to a widening out of the scleral ring permit-
ting the deeper structures to show through. 2.
An areola, glauco'matous h., glaucomatous ring.*
halogen (hal'o-jen) [G. hals, salt, -f gennad, I pro-
duce.] One of the chlorine group (bromine, chlor-
ine, fluorine, iodine) of metalloids, all univalent
elements they form monobasic acids with hydro-
;

gen, and their hydroxides (fluorine forms none)

are also monobasic acids.
hal'oid [G. kals, salt, + eidos, resemblance.] i.

Resembling common salt noting a salt composed

;

of a base and a halogen, such as sodium chloride.

halostere'sis. Halisteresis.

Halsted's Subcuticular Suture.

Hal'sted's [William Stewart Halsted

meth'od
Baltimore surgeon, *i852.] x. An operation
for the radical cure of inguinal hernia. 2.

Amputation of the breast for carcinoma with

removal of the muscular and lymphatic struc-
tures over a wide area. H.'s su'ture, (i) an
interrupted intestinal suture, similar to the
Lembert suture, but doubled; sse cut under
 , 1

HAMILTON'S PSEUDOPHLEGMON 429 HAPLOSPORIDIA

Hamilton's pseudophleg'mon [Frank

Hastings interosseous muscles, the wrist being extended and
Hamilton, American surgeon, 1813-1875.] A the fingers flexed at the interphalangeal articula-
trophic affection of the subcutaneous connective tion, cleft h., a congenital deformity in which the
tissue, marked by a circumscribed swelling which division between the fingers, especially between
may become indurated and red, but never the third and fourth, extends into the metacarpal
suppurates. H.'s test, in axillary dislocation of region, obstet'rical h., a deformity of the hand
the shoulder a rod will touch both the acromion caused by a muscular dystrophy in which the
process and the outer condyle of the humerus. thumb is flexed, the fingers being drawn together
Ham'marsten's Ten'geatlOloi Hammarsten, Swedish in the form of a cone, spade h., the coarse, thick,
physiological chemist, *i84i.] A
mixture of i square hand of acromegaly or myxedema.
part of a 25 per cent, solution of nitric acid and trident h., a hand in which the fingers are of
19 parts of a 25 per cent, solution of hydrochloric nearly equal length and deflected at the first
acid; the addition of a few drops to a mixture of interphalangeal joint, so as to give a fork-like
I part of this reagent and 4 parts of alcohol will shape; seen in achondroplasia and other con-
give a green color if bile is present. ditions; see cut under trident.
hamm'er-finger. A condition of flexion of the
absence, achiria. bath for, manilu-vium.' care of,
middle upon the proximal phalanx of the little manicure, club, talipomanus, enlargement, macro-
finger; it is frequently hereditary and sometimes china, chiromegaly. gout in, chiragra, chirarthritis.
congenital, and is due uppareritly in many cases inflammation of the joints, chirarthrocace,, chirar-
thritis, chirorrheuma. pain, chiralgia. rheumatism,
to an abnormality in development of the com- chirarthritis,- chirorrheuma. smallness of, microchiria.
ponent parts ©f the ^f&cted articulation; more spasm, chirospasm,' chirism; writer's cramp, teleg-
rarely it is an acquired affection. rapher's cramp, etc.

hammer palsy (ham'ur pawrzii-)'. Hephestic* hand-ra'tio. The :ratio of- the length of the hand
hemiplegia. ,

,
(measured on the dorsum from the styloid' 'pro-
Hammerschlag's method (hahnt'er'shlahg). A hy- cess of the ulna to the tiprof the third finger) to
drometric method of determiiijing the specific the width' across the knuckles. .
'

gravity of the blood after the addition of chloro- hang'nail. A tearing -up of a strip of epidermis at
form and benzene; th6' side of the. nail agnail.
; ,
.^ '
' :
.-.-

hamm'er-toe. A condition of permanent fiexion

. Hanot's cirrho'sis or disease' (S-no') [Victor Charles
at the mid-phalangeal- joint of one or more of the Hanat, Parisian physician, i'844-i896;] Hyper-
toes, hallux fiexus. trophic cirrhosis of the liver with chronic jaundice.
Hain'mond's disease' tWilliara Afejtander 'Ha»»mo«d, Han'sen's bacil'lus [Gerhard Armauer Bhnseii,
American neurologist, 1828-1900.] Athetosis. Norwegian physician, 1841-J912.] .Bacilliisiepm.
Hamp'son u'nit. A unit of i-ray' liieasurement, hapalonychia (hap-al-o-nik'J-ah) [G. kapalos-,- soit,
equal to i erythema dose. -
- + onyx{onych-), nail.] Absence of rigidity of the
ham'string. i. One of the tendons bounding the nails, onychomalacia. : . '.. .

popliteal space on either side; the inner h. com- haphalgesia (haf-al-je'zj-ah) [G. haphe, a toAcJiimg,
prises the tendons of the semimembranosus, semi- + algesis, sense of pain.] Pain, or an. extremely
tendinosus, gracilis, and sartorius muscles; the disagreeable sensation approaching it, caHised by
o»(^r /i. is the tendon of the biceps femoris. 2. In the merest touch.
the horse and other quadripeds, the tendo haphephobia (haf-e-fo'bl-ah) [G. haphe,. touch, '.
+
Achillis or great tendon of the gastrocnemius phobos, fear.] A morbid dislike or fear of being
muscle, at the back of the hock or so-called knee touched. -
1 , ;
of the hind leg. h. muscles, the muscles at the -Hapke's phenom'enon (hahp'keh) [Franz B.apke,
back of the thigh, comprising the biceps, the German physician, contemporary.] An ab-
semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. normally prominent presentation of the parietal
ham'ular [L. hamulus.1 Hook-shaped, unciform. bone of the head of the first of t-wins, lying deep
h. process, hamulus (2). in the pel-vis. ."

ham'ulus, gen. and pi. ham'uli [L. dim. of hamus, haplodermatitis (hap-lo-der-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. hap-
hook.] I. Any hook-like structure, .s. The lous, simple, + derma{dermat-), skin, -f: -itis.l
hamular process, a hook-like process on the distal Sirtiple inflammation of the skin.
and inner part of the anterior or palmar surface haplodermitis (hap-lo-der-mi'(me')tis). Haploder-
of the unciform bone. h. cochleae, a sickle-shaped matitis.
process at the tip of the lamina spiralis of the hap'lodont [G. haplous, simple, -plain, -t- odoKs
cochlea, bounding in' part the helicotrema. h. ipdont-), tooth.] Having molar teeth with simple
lacrima'lis [BNA], lacrymal hamulus, hamular crowns, i.e. without ridges or tubercles;
process of the lacrymal bone the hook-like lower
; haploid (hap'loyd') [G. haplous, sir&ple, + eidos,
end of the lacrymal crest, curving between the resemblance.] The reduced number of chromo-
frontal process and orbital surface of the superior somes in the gamete. ,

maxilla to form the upper aperture of the bony haplopia (hap-.lo'pi-ah) [G. haplous, single, +
portion of the nasal duct.' h. lam'inse spira'lis, ops{op-), eye.] Single, normal vision, as
[BNA], hook of the spiral lamina, the upper distinguished from diplopia.
,
hook-like termination of the lamina spiralis haploscope (hap'lo-skSp) [G. haplous, single, +
ossea of the cochlea, h. ossis hama'ti [BNA], skoped, I view.] An instrument used in measur-
hamular process, hamulus (2). h. pterygoid'eus ing the inclination of the visual axes.
[BNA], pterygoid hamulus, hamular process of haploscopic (hap-lo-skop'ik) Relating
. to a
the sphenoid bone, the inferior extremity of the haploscope, stereoscopic, h. vis'ion, the per-
internal plate of the processus pterygoideus. ception of two images as one by means of a
hand [A.S.] Manus, the terminal portion of the mental process fusing the impressioris on the two
upper extremity below the forearm, comprising retinsE;'stereoscopic''vision. >..

the carpus, metacarpus, and' phalarig'es. ape h., Haplosporid'ia [G haplous, simple, +
sporos, seed.]
a deformity marked by extension of the' "thumb An' order of Neosporidia, -in general of -undetet-
at liearly a right aiigle with the :axis of the hand. minfed life histories the spore; are simple, -with a
;

'claw h., a' deforinity resulfilig frfem-atrofjhy of %"he ''-•^single nucletis.'and no polar capsule.'.
 HAPTIN 43° HASNER'S FOLD OR VALVE

hap'tin [G. hapto, I fasten, bind.] i. According to of the stomach, diabetes mellitus, constipation,
the side-chain theory, a cast-off receptor.* The rheumatism, and uric-acid conditions. June i
haptins are of three orders: (i) antitoxin or anti- to Qctober i.
ferment; (2) agglutinin, coagulin, precipitin; (3) Harris sep'arator or seg'regator [Malcolm La Salle
cytolysin, hemolysin, bacteriolysin; the haptins Harris, American surgeon, *i862.] double A
of the first and second orders are uniceptors, catheter the beaks of which are separated when
those of the third order amboceptors. 2 Antigen.
. in the bladder, a ridge being formed between the
haptophil, haptophile (hap'to-fil, hap'to-fil). Noting two by a sound in the rectum making upward pres-
the atom group of a receptor which unites with sure; the urine from each kidney thus collects in
the haptophore group of a toxin. its own pouch and is aspirated out through the
hap'tophore [G. hapto, I bind, + phoreo, I carry.] catheter on that side.
The atom group of an antigen or antibody mole-
cule by means of which the molecule can combine
with a cell or with its corresponding antibody or
antigen, respectively.
haptophor'ic, haptoph'orous. Relating to or noting
the action of a haptophore.
Har'bin Hot Sulphur Springs, California. Saline-
chalybeate-sulphureted sulphated-saline-chalyb-
;

eate waters. In addition there are the "magne-

sia" and the "arsenic" springs. The sulphur
spring has a temperature of 122° F. Used by
bathing and drinking in gout, rheumatism, and
other joint affections; in skin diseases, anemia,
dyspepsia, chlorosis, chronic malarial poisoning,
wasting diseases, syphilis, and glandular indura-
tions. Frequented the entire year.
hard'ening. The process of condensing a histolog-
ical or pathological specimen and making it firm
and compact s.o that it can be cut into thin sec- Lacrymomaxillary Junction (at x) : A joint by
apposition, or harmonia.
tions for examination under the microscope.
Har'der's gland Qohann Jacob Harder, Swiss anato- Hair'ison's groove [Edward Harrison, English
mist, 1656—1711.] An acinous mucous gland in the physician, 1766-1838.] A
depression along the
nictitating membrane of birds and some mam- lower border of the thorax, due seemingly to the
mals, and sometimes present in rudimentary form tug of the diaphragm, observed in cases of
on the lacrymal caruncle of man. adenoids and other conditions of impeded respira-
Hardy's lo'tion (ar-de') [Louis Philippe Alfred Hardj", tion.
Parisian physician, 1811-1893.] A lotion' for Har'rogate, England. Alkaline-sulphureted, mur-
freckles, composed of corrosive sublimate i, iated-chalybeate waters. Cold. About eighty
alcohol enough to make a solution, sulphate of springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheu-
zinc and acetate of lead, each 4, distilled water, matism, gout, dyspepsia, anemia, skin affections,
250. bronchitis, congestion of the liver, constipa-
harelip (har-lip').A congenital fissure in the upper tion, abdominal plethora, obesity syphilis,
lip, often combined with cleft palate; it may be metallic poisoning, chlorosis, malarial cachexia,
single or there may be one on either side of the retarded convalescence, scrofula, rheumatoid
median line corresponding to the borders of the arthritis, and the diseases of women. Frequented
intermaxillary bone. the entire year.
hare's-eye. Lagophthalmia. Harrower's hypoth'esis (h^'ro-ur) [Henry R. Har-
Har'ley's disease' [George Harley, English physician, rower, American physician, *i883.] Hormone*
1 8 29-1 896.] Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria. hunger. H.'s test, for hyperthyroidism; four
har'maline. An alkaloid, CijHuN^O, derived from J-grain doses of thyroid extract are given the
the seeds of the wild rose (Peganum harmala), 1st dayj four i -grain doses the 2d day, and four
resembling quinine in its properties. 2-grain doses the third day', a. careful record
har'mine. 'An alkaloid derived, with harmaline, being kept of the pulse rate as a measure of the
from the seeds of the wild rose. degree of hyperthyroidism, if any, present.
harmo'nia [L. and G. a joining.] Harmonic suture, Hart'mann's curette' [Arthur Hartmann, Berlin
the simple, firm apposition of two smooth surfaces laryngologist, *i849.] A
curette, cutting on the
of bone, as seen in the lacrymomaxillary junction. side, for the removal of adenoids.
harmozone (har'mo-zon) [G. harmozd, I govern.] Hart'mann's pouch [Robert Hartmann, German
One of the class of internal secretions which
, anatomist, *i83i.] A spheroid or conical pouch
influence the growth and nutrition of special at the point of exit of the gall-bladder into
organs or of the body in general, the cystic duct; called also pelvis of the gall-
harpoon'. A small, sharp-pointed instrument with bladder and fossa provesicalis.
a barbed head used for extracting bits of muscular hart'shom. Aqua ammonise; any volatile ammo-
and other tissue for microscopical examination. nium such as the carbonate.
salt,
Har'rington's solu'tion [Charles Harrington, Boston Har'vey. William Harvey, English physician,
physician, 1856-1908.] Corrosive sublimate o 8, . 1578-1657, the discovery of the circulation of
hydrochloric acid 60, water 300, commercial the blood. The book announcing this discovery
alcohol 640; used for hand sterilization and was entitled "Anatomical Exercise on the
as a wash for infected wounds and abscess Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals,"
cavities. published in Frankfort in 1628.
Harr'ls Lith'la Springs, South Carolina. Alkaline- hash'eesh, hash'ish [Arabic, hay.] An intoxicant
calcic-lithic waters. —
Two springs, the " Lithia", from the tops and sprouts of Cannabis indica.
and the " Sulphur ". Used by drinking in acidity Has'ner's fold or Talve [Joseph Hasner, Ritter von
 HASNER'S FOLL 431 HE.

Artha, Prague oculist, 1819-1892.] Plica lacri- hay-bacil'lus. Bacillus subtilis.

malis. Hayem's disease'(a-yahn') [Georges Hayem, Paris
HgAsOj. Arsenic acid. physician, *i84i.] Myelitis apoplectiformis.
Has'sall's concen'tric cor'puscles [Arthur Hill H.'s hem'atoblast, blood-platelet.* H.'s se'rum,
Hassall, English physician, 1S17-1894.] Small an artificial serum composed of sodium chloride
bodies of flattened epithelial cells arranged S, sodium sulphate 10, boiled water 1000.
around a granular nucleated corpuscle, found in H.'s solu'tion, composed of mercuric chloride 0.5,
the medulla of the follicles of the thymus. sodium chloride i, sodium sulphate 5, distilled
Hasting's stain (has'ting). [Thomas Wood Has- water 200; it is used in blood-examinations.
tings, New York physician, *i873.] Amodified H.'s type, acute nonsuppurative encephalitis,
Romanowsky stain. hyperplastic encephalitis.
Hata prepara'tion (hah'tah) [S. Hata, Japanese phy-
sician, contemporary.] Ehrlich-Hata preparation,
H.'s phenom'enon, contrary effect, exacerbation
of an infectious disease when, in chemotherapy,
a small dose is given of a remedy which is but
little parasitotropic, such as methylene blue.
Hath'om Spring, Saratoga, New York. Alkaline-
saline-lithic-calcic-carbonated water. Used by
drinking in a. wide range of disorders, including
the numerous uric-acid conditions. Jime 15 to
September 15,
Haudek's niche (how'deks nich) [Martin Haudek,
Vienna roentgenologist, contemporary.] An
apparent projection from the wall of the stomach
sometimes seen in roentgenograms of gastric
ulcer, due actually to the filling of the cavity
of the ulcer with bismuth.
haunch-bone (hawnch'bon). i. Os coxie. 2. The Haversian System of Bone.
innominate bone in the pelvis of the horse, huckle
bone. hay-fe'ver. Auttunnal catarrh; an acute irritative
haustorium, hausto'ria
pi. (haw-sto'rl-um) [L. inflammation of the mucous membranes of the
haustus, drinking.] ±. An organ for the absorp- eyes and upper respiratory passages accompanied
tion of nutriment. 2. In botany, the root or by itching and profuse watery secretion, followed
special organ of attachment and nourishment of a later usually by bronchitis and asthma; the
parasite. attack recurs annually at the same or nearly the
haustrum, pi. haus'ira (haw'strum) [L. a machine for same time of the year, late summer, and is
dipping up water from a cistern or well.] One of thought to be due to irritation by the pollen of
the sacctdations of the colon, caused by the fact certain plants, but there is also a strong neurotic
that the tseniee, or longitudinal bands, are slightly element in it.

shorter than the gut so that the latter is thrown Hay'garth's nodes or nodos'ities [John Haygarth,
into tucks or pouches called also haustrum coli.
; English physician, 1740-1827.] Exostoses from
haustus (haw'stus) [L. a drink, draft.] A potion or the margins of the articular surfaces and from
medicinal draft, h. ni'ger, black draft, infusum* the periosteum and bone in the neighborhood of
sennae compositum. the joints of the fingers, leading to ankylosis and
haut-mal (o-mal') [Fr. high evil.] Grand mal. associated with lateral deflection of the fingers
Hav'ers's canals' [Clopton Havers, English anato- toward the ulnar side; they occtir in arthritis
mist, 1650—1702.] Vascular canals in osseous deformans.
tissue. H.'s glands, collections of adipose tissue Haynes's opera'tion (hanz) [Irving S. Haynes, New
in the hip, knee, and other joints, covered by York surgeon, *i86i.] Drainage of the cisterna
synovial membrane, thought by H. to be glands magna in the treatment of acute suppurative
secreting the synovia. H.'s lamel'las, concen- meningitis.
,
trie layers of bone surrounding H.'s canals. Hay'wood White Sulphur Springs, North Carolina,
H.'s spa'ces, spaces in bone formed by the enlarge- Sulphurous and chalybeate waters, 54° F.
ment of H.'s canals. H.'s sys'tem, one of H.'s Two springs. Used by drinking and bathing in
canals with the lamellae surrounding it. disorders of the liver, stomach, and kidneys, and
Haver'sian. Relating to Clopton Havers and the in rheumatism and neuralgia. Frequented in the
structure of bone described by him see Havers.
; summer and autiunn.
haw. I. The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane,'* Ha'zen's the'orem [Allen Hazen, American civil
of the horse. 2. Any growth on the conjunctiva engineer, '"1869.] For every typhoid-fever death
or eyelid. avoided by the purification of public water
hawk. An explosive expiration made to clear the supplies, two- or three deaths from other causes
throat of mucus. are also and at the same time prevented. See
haws. Any disease of the nictitating membrane Mills-Reincke phenomenon.
of the horse. Tab. Abbreviation for hemoglobin.
Hay's test [Matthew Hay, Scotch physician, H3BO3. Boric acid.
*i8ss.] For bile in the urine: a pinch of sub- HBr. Hydrobromic acid.
limed sulphur is dropped on the urine to be H.CHO. Formaldehyde.
tested; if bile acids are present the sulphur HC2Hs02. Acetic acid.
sinks to the bottom, if they are absent the sul- HCl. Hydrochloric acid.
phur floats. HCN. Hydrocyanic acid.
hay-asth'ma. A severe form of hay-fever in which 'B.fizO^. Chromic acid.
asthma is one of the distressing symptoms of the H.D. Abbreviation for hearing distance.
later stage. He. Chemical symbol of helium.
 HEAD 432 HEART

head [A.S. hedfod.] i. Caput, the upper or anterior h. by first intention, etc., see union* by first

extremity of the animal body, containing the intention, etc.

brain and the organs of sight, hearing, taste, and Heal'ing Springs, Alabama. Waters contain iron,
smell. J. The upper, anterior, or larger extrem- sulphur, lithia, magnesia, and a trace of arsenic.
ity of any body or structure. 3. The proximal Eleven springs. Used by drinking in chronic
extremity of a bone, that which is nearer the diarrhea, skin troubles, disorders of the alimen-
cerebrospinal axis. 4. That end of m muscle tary tract, liver, kidneys, and bladder.
which is attached to the more fixed part of the Heal'ing Springs, Virginia. See Hot Springs,
skeleton, black h., comedo, scald h., any Virginia.
crusted or markedly scaly affection of the scalp. health (helth) [A.S. hcslth.l Absence of disease; a
swelled h., osteoporosis of the skull. condition of body and mind in which all the
functions are normally performed.
abscess, cephalopyosis. absence, acephalia, acephal-
bandage for, capitiuzn, galea. health'y. Well, in a, state of normal functioning,
ism. back, occiput,
bath capitiluvium.
for, blood-tumor of, cephalemat, free from disease.
oma. congestion, cephalemia. crushing the, cephalo- hear (her) [A.S. heran.'] To perceive sounds;
tripsy. description of, cephalography. disease of-
cephalopathy. dropsy, cephaledema, cephalhydrocele. noting the function of the ear.
caput succedaneum (of fetus), enlargement, ceph, hear'ing. Audition, the perception of sounds; the
alonia, macrocephalia, macrocephaly, cephalomegaly- auditory sense, the function of the ears, color
front, forehead, frons, metopon. having a boat-
cynibocephalic, scaphocephalic, cymboceph- h., pseudochromesthesia, a subjective color
shaped,
alous, scaphocephalous, having a broad, brady- sensation being produced by certain sounds.
cephalic, eurycephalic, bradycephalous, eurycephalous. heart (hart) [A.S. heorte.] A hollow musciilar organ
having a conical, acrocephalic, acrocephalous. having
a distorted, plagiocephalic, plagiocephalous. having
which receives the blood from the veins and pro-
a large, macrocephalic, megalocephalic, macroceph- pels it into the arteries. It is divided by a mus-
alous, megalqcephalous.
alous, dolichocephalic,
having a long, dolichoceph-
having a narrow, stenoceph-
culo-membranous septum into two halves right —
having a short, brachycephalic, or venous and left or arterial, each of which con-
aiic, stenocephalous.
brachycephalous. having a small, microcephalic nano- ,
sists of a receiving chamber (auricle or atrium) and
cephalic, microcephalous, nanocephalous. having a an ejecting chamber (ventricle); the orifices
thick, pachycephalic, i)achycephalous. inflammation
of muscles, cephalomyitis. measurement of, cephalom-
through which the blood enters and leaves the
etry. pain, cephalagra, cephalalgia, migraine, clavus, ventricles are provided with valves, the mitral and
monopegia,^ cephalodynia, headache, cephaloponia, the aortic for the left ventricle, the tricuspid and
hemicrania, megrim, metopodynia. puncture of the,
cephalocentesis. smallness, microcephaly, nanoceph-
the pulmonary for the right ventricle, ar'mored
aly, top, sinciput, treatise on, cephalography, ceph- h., calcareous deposits in the pericardium occur-
alology. trephining, cephalotrypesis. tumor, cephal- ring in subacute or chronic inflammation, bo'ny
oncus, cephalophyma.
h., the presence of more or less extensive calca-
Head's lines and zones [Henry Head, English physi- reous patches in the pericardium and walls of the
cian, contemporary.] Areas of cutaneous hyper- heart, fatty h., (i) fatty degeneration of the
esthesia occurring in cases of acute or subacute myocardium; (2) an overaccumulation of adi-
visceral infiammation. pose tissue on the external surface of the heart
headache (hedfak). Cephalalgia, a diffuse pain in with sometimes an infiltration of fat between the
^ various parts of the head, not confined to the area muscle bundles of the heart wall;. cor adiposum.
of distribution of any nerve, bil'ious h., sick h., fi'broid h., chronic inflammation of the myocar-
migraine, blind h., migraine, hel'met h., press- dium, with overgrowth of the connective tissue.
ure pain felt in the upper half of the head, hairy h., pericarditis in which the heart is seen
occurring especially in neurasthenia, in'dura- post mortem to be covered with a shaggy, fibrin-
tive h., nodular h. nod'ular h., radiating pain in ous exudate; cor hirsutum, cor tomentosum,
the head accompanied by nodular swellings in trichocardia, shaggy pericardium, i'cing h.,
the splenius, frontalis, trapezius, and other pericarditis in which the heart is seen post mor-
muscles, organ'ic h., h. due to disease of the tem covered with a thick, white coat like the
brain or its membranes, re'flex h., h. due to icing of cake, ir'ritable h., soldier's heart,
disease or abnormality in some organ more or D.A.H., neurocirculatory asthenia, a cardiac
less distant from the brain; one due to eyestrain, neurosis due to overstrain; marked by rapid
for example, sick h., migraine, symptomat'ic pulse, dyspnea, and various neurotic symptoms,
hi, reflex h. associated with an increased susceptibility to
headgrit (hed'grit). An epizootic in sheep, sheep fatigue, observed especially in soldiers in active
cholera; called also jaundice, yellows, t.nd war service but noted occasionally also in civil
plocach. life, left h., systemic h. lux'us h., a German
head'-kidney. Forekidney, pronephros, the ante- term for combined dilatation and hypertrophy
rior portion of the Wolffian body. of the heart, of the left ventricle chiefly, pul'-
head-lock. The catching of the chins in twin labor, monary the right auricle (atrium) andventri-
h.,
in which the first bom is by the breech, the second cle, receiving the venous blood and propelling it
presenting by the head. to the lungs, right h., pulmonary h. skin h.,
head-louse (hed'lows). Pediculus capitis. the peripheral blood-vessels, soldier's h., irrit-
heal (hel) [A.S. healan.] 1. To restore to health, able h. system'lc h., the left auricle (atrium)
especially to cause an ulcer or wound to cicatrize and ventricle, receiving the aerated blood from
or unite. 2. To become well, to be cured; to the lungs and propelling it throughout the body,
cicatrize or close, said of an ulcer or wound. tiger h., a fatty degenerated heart in which the
heal-all. Prunella. fat is disposed in the form of broken stripes.
heal'er. One who heals or cures, a physician.
i. tobac'co h., cardiac irritability marked by ir-
2. One who claims to cure by Christian Science, regular action, palpitation, and sometimes pain,
mental healing, new thought, or other form of occurring as a result of the excessive use of
suggestion. tobacco,
hearing, i. Curing, restoring to health, promoting
absence, acardia. atrophy, acardiatrophia, cardlat-
the closure of wounds and ulcers, j. The process
rophy, atrophia cordis, calculus, cardioHth. causing
of a return to health, the closing of u, wound. contraction, cardiooinetic, cardiokinetic. clot' in.
 .

HEART 433 HEBOTOMY

cardiohemothrombus, cardiothrombus. contraction, the h. which is given off from any body and
cardiostenosis, cardiarctia; systole (normal rhyth-
mical contraction), deficient nervous control, acardio- passes through the air in the form of waves,
nervia, cardianeuria. dilatation, cardiectasia, ectasis similar to the light waves, but of greater wave-
cordis, cardieurysma, cardianeurysma, cardioncus; length, sen'sible h., the heat which, when ab-
auxocardia, diastole (normal rhythmical dilatation),
disease, cardiopathy, malum cordis, displacement, sorbed by a substance, causes a rise in tempera-
cardiectopia, ectocardia, ectopia cordis; cardioptosia, ture; opposed to latent h. specific h., the heat
bathycardia (downward); dextrocardia, dexicardia, required to raise any substance through 1° of
dexiocardia, cardianastrophe (to the right side), dis-
section, cardiotomy. engorgement, cardioplethora, temperature, compared as a standard with that
cardiopolyemia. enveloping membrane, pericardium, raising the same volume of water one degree.
capsula cordis, ^fatty, coradiposum.adiposiscardiaca.
heat-ap'oplexy. Heat-stroke.
fatty degeneration, adiposicaidia, steatosis cordis,
cardiomyoliposia, cardioliposia, cardiodemia, cardio- heat-cramps. Muscular spasms occurring in those
ethmoliposia. gout, cardiagra. hardening, cardio- w-ho work hard
in intense heat, such as laborers
sclerosis, hastening action, cardioaccelerator. hernia
through diaphragm, cardiocele. hypertrophy, cor in iron mills, stokers, etc. the spasms are accom-
;

bovinum, cor taurinum, hypercardia, cardiauxe, panied by severe pain, dilated pupils, and a weak
megacardia, macrocardia. incomplete development, but not rapid pulse.
cardiatelia, atelocardia, ateliosis cordis, inflammation,
carditis; myocarditis (of wall); cardiovalvulitis, cardi- heat-exhaustion (het-egz-aws'chun). A form of
valvulitis, dicliditis (of the valves); endocarditis (of heatstroke marked by symptoms of extreme pros-
lining membrane); pericarditis (of enveloping mem- tration, a subnormal temperature, and collapse.
brane); angiocarditis (of heart and great vessels);
pancarditis, endoperimyocarditis (of all parts), irreg- Hea'ton's opera'tion [George Heaton, American
ular action, arrhythmia cordis, cardiataxia, cardio- surgeon of Boston, r8o8— 1879.] An operation for
spasm, lack of blood in, acardiohemia, cardianemia,
cardioanemia. large size, megalocardia, macrocardia, the radical cure of inguinal hernia.
cardiauxe, cor bovinum, cor taurinum, hypercardia, heat-prostra'tion. Heat-exhaustion.
hypercardiotrophy. lining membrane, endocardium.
mfuformation, cardiamorphia, cardibparaplasia. meir- heat -rash. Prickly heat, miliaria*^ rubra.
branes, pericardium (external) endocardium (internal)
, heat-ri'gor point. The degree of elevated tempera-
movable, cor mobile, cor pendulum, muscle, myo- ture at which coagulation of protoplasm occurs
cardium, pain, cardiodynia, cardialgia, cardiagra,
neuralgia cordis, cardioneuralgia, angina pectoris. with death of the cell.
palpitation, cardiopalmus.xardiotromus, tremor cordis, heatstroke (het-strok). A condition produced by
trepidatio cordiS; palpitatio cordis, cardiobolus, car-
diogmus. paralysis, cardioplegia, puncture, cardiocen- exposure to an excessively high temperature,
tesis, cardicentesis, cardiopuncture. rapid action, either atmospheric or:artificial. The symptoms
tachycardia, heart-hurry, rheumatism, cardiorheuma. of a mild attack are headache, vertigo, some-
rupture, cardiorrhexis, cardioclasia. science of, car-
diology, slow action, bradycardia, brachycardia, times slight delirium, ;and-a temperature'of 101°
spaniocardia. slowing action, cardioinhibitory. &mall- to 1 02°. In severe cases there is marked prostra-
ness, microcardia, softening, cardiomalacia. spasm, tion with high fever, rapid pulse, sighing or
angina pectoris, suture ^of, cardiorrhaphy. systolic
stertorous respiration, hot and dry skin, and
recoil, basculation. treatise on, cardiagraphy, cardio-
graphy, cardiology. tuberculosis, cardiophymia. unconsciousness. In the form due to exposure
ulceration,, cardielcosis. weakness, cardiasthenia. to the direct rays of the sun there may be ab-
heart -block. A condition in which the ventricu; sence of fever or even a subnormal temperature.
lar systole does not always follow the auricular- heat-u'nit. The amount of heat required to raise
every other beat may be lost, or every third, or a given quantity of water through 1° C. of tem-
the failure of the ventricular contraction may be perature.
due to inability of the auriculo-
irregular;, it is heaves (hevz). Pulmonary emphysema in the horse,
ventricular bundle of His to transmit the systolic marked by difficult expiration and sometimes a
impulse regularly. cough broken wind, asthma.
;

hearfbum. Pyrosis. hebeosteot'omy [G. hebe, pubes, + osteon, bone, -I-

heart -failure (hart'fal-yur). Inability of the tome, incision.] Division of the os pubis to
heart muscle to maintain the circulation, its favor delivery; hebotomy, pubiotomy.
embarrassment and exhaustion being due to hebephrenia (he-be-fre'ne-ah) [G. hebe, puberty, -H
some disturbance in the normal balance be- phren, the mind.] Adolescent insanity; a
tween the propulsive force and the resistance mental disorder occurring about the time of
to be overcome. puberty, marked usually by melancholia and
heart-hurry (hart'hur-ri) .Rapid action of the self-absorption and terminating not infrequently
heart, due to mental or physical causes and of in dementia.
brief duration; tachycardia. Heb'erden's asth'ma [William Heberden, English
heart-sac. Pericardium. physician, 1710-1801.] Angina pectoris. H.'s
heart-stroke, i. Impact of the apex of the heart disease', deformans. H.'s nodes or
arthritis
against the wall of the chest, z. Angina pectoris. nodos'ities, hard nodules (exostoses) about the
heart'-water. Hydropericardium in sheep caused size of a pea or smaller, found on the terminal
by Bacillus ovis which is carried by a tick of the phalanges of the fingers in osteoarthritis; they
genus Eurhipicephalus in Europe or Amblyomma are enlargements of the tubercles at th'e articular
in South Africa. extremity of the distal phalanges.
heat [A.S. hate.'] x. The opposite of cold, a high hebetude (heb'e-tild) [L. hebetude; hebere, to be dull.]
temperature; the sensation produced by prox- Dullness; lethargy.
imity to fire or an incandescent object. 2. heboidophrenia (hS-boy"do-fre'ni(-ah) [hebephrenia
Sexual excitement in the lower animals c*r the with the insertion of G. eidos, resemblance.]
period dtiring which such excitement exists; Kahlbaum's term for the simple dementia form
estnis, oestrus, atomic h., the amount of heat of dementia precox.
required to raise an atom of the substance in heb'oid-par'anoid. A term characterizing the
question from 0° to r° C. Ja'tent h., the amount group of mental diseases embracing the juvenile
of heat which a substance may absorb without insanities, dementia precox, and paranoia.
an increase in apparent temperature, ..opposed to hebosteot'omy [G. hebe, pubes, 4- osteon, bone, +
sensible h. molec'ular h., the product of the tome, a cutting.] Hebotomy.
specific heat of a body, multiplied by its atomic Jiebot'omy [G, hebe, pubes, +
tome, cutting,] §ec-
weight, prickly h., rnUiaria rubra, ra'diant Ji., L. tipn of. the pubic bone, near the symphysis) in
.

28
 HEBOTOMY 434 HEINEKE-MIKULICZ OPERATION

order to enlarge the pelvic diameters ; hebosteot- heel causes more or less severe pain; it is fre-
omy, pubiotomy. quently gonorrheal in origin, and in most cases is
Hebra's disease' (ha'brah) [Ferdinand von Hebra, due to a bony growth on the plantar surface of
Viennese dermatologist, 1816— 1880.] Erythema the OS calcis at the point of origin of the flexor
multiforme. H.'s i'odine caus'tic, iodine and brevis digitorum muscle.
potassium iodide each 1 part, glycerin 2 parts. heel-fly (hel'fli). Hypoderma bovis.
H/s itch oint'ment, unguentiun sulphuris com- heel -jar. The patient standing on tip-toe feels pain,
positum (N.P.). H.'s lead oint'ment, imguentum on suddenly bringing the heels to the ground; (i)
diachylon. H.'s pityri'asis, pityriasis rubra. in the spine in the case of Pott's disease; (2) in
H.'s pruri'go, true prurigo. one lumbar region in case of renal calculus.
hecateromer'ic [G. hekateros, each of two, + meros, Hegar's dila'tors (ha'gar) [Alfred Hegar, German
part.] Noting a spinal neuron which gives oH gynecologist, 1830-1914.] A series of cylindrical
processes going to both sides of the cord; usually bougies of graduated sizes used to dilate the os
the same as a heteromeric neuron. uteri. H.'s meth'od, treatment of sciatica by
hecatom'eral. Hecateromeric. stretching the nerve-trunk, the thigh being forcibly
Hecht's test [Hugo Hecht, Prague physician, con- flexed on the abdomen while the knee is main-
temporary.] A modification of the Wassermann* tained in extension. H.'s sign, softening and
test for syphilis, based on the fact that hiunan compressibility of the lower segment of the uterus
serum is normally capable of hemolyzing ten in early pregnancy (about the seventh week) on ;

times its volume, of a 2 per cent, solution of sheep's bimanual examination it feels to the finger in the
blood; for the test are needed only an active vagina as though the neck and body of the uterus
serum, a 2 per cent, solution of sheep's blood, and were separated, or connected by only a thin band
an antigen. of tissue.
Becker's law (hek'er) [Karl v. Hecker, Munich heg'onon. A silver protein compound obtained by
obstetrician, 1827— 1882. J In every successive treating albumose with an ammoniacal solution
childbirth the weight of the child is usually of silver nitrate a light brown powder soluble in
;

greater than that of its predecessor by from water, employed externally in gonorrhea and
150 to 200 grams. other diseases in which the organic silver prepara-
hectargyre (hek'tar-j5r).- One of a group of phenyl- tions are indicated.
sulphonic derivatives of mercury, employed in the Heichelheim's test (hi'khel-him) [Siegmund Heichel-
treatment of syphilis, in conjunction with heim, German physician, contemporary.] lodi-
hectine, in hypodermic dose of gr. li—3 (0.1-0.2) pin'* test of the motility of the stomach.
every other day, alternating with hectine. Heidenhain's cells (hi'den-hin) [Rudolf Heidenhain,
hec'tic [G. hektikos, habitual.] 1. Constitutional. German physiologist in Breslau, 1834-1897.]
3. Relating to the daily rise of temperature in Certain cells in the gastric glands, see adelo-
active tuberculosis. 3. An afternoon rise of morphous and delomorphous cells.* H.'s cres'-
temperature, accompanied by a flush on the cents or demilunes', Gianuzzi's* cells. H.'s law,
cheeks, occurring in active tuberculosis. 4. glandular secretion is always accompanied by an
The flush accompanying hectic fever, h. alteration in the structiu-e of the gland. H.'s
fe'ver, hectic (3). h. flush, hectic (4). rods, columnar cells in the uriniferous tubules.
hec'tine. One of a group of phenylsulphonic H.'s stain, H.'s iron-hematoxylin I, iron alum
:

derivatives of arsenic, recommended in the treat- 3, distilled water 100; II, hematoxylin crystals
ment of syphilis, in hypodermic doses of gr. i J 1, 95 per cent, alcohol 10, distilled water 90.
(o. i) daily for ten to twenty days. Heilbronner's thigh (hil'bron-ner) [Karl Heilbronner,
hec'togram [G. hekaton, one hundred, + gramma, a German physician, 1869-1914.] Flattening and
mark.] One hundred grams, the equivalent of broadening of the thigh, when the patient lies
1543-7 grains. supine on a hard mattress, in cases of organic
hectoliter (hek'to-le-tur) [G. hekaton, one hundred, paralysis; absent in hysterical paralysis.
-}- Htra, pound.] One hundred liters, the equiva- Heim's pills [Ernst Ludwig Heim, Berlin physician,
lent of 105.6 quarts or 26.4 American (22 im- 1747-1834.] I. Pills of ipecac gr.
J (0.015),
perial) gEfllons. digitalis gr. i (0.05), opium gr.
[
J (0.015), and
hectometer (hek'to-me-tur) [G. hekaton, one hun- extract of helenium q.s., for cough and the py-
dred, + metron, measure.] One hundred meters, rexia of phthisis. 2. Hydragogue pills of cam-
the equivalent of 328 ft. i in. boge, digitalis, squill, antimony, and extract of
hedeoma (he-de-o'mah) . American pennyroyal, pimpinella.
squawmint, the dried leaves and tops of Hede- Helm-Krejrsig sign (him-kri'zig) [see Heim and
oma pulegioides, a shrub of North America; an Kreysig.] A
sinking in of the intercostal spaces,
aromatic stimulant and emmenagogue in doses synchronous with the cardiac systole, in cases of
of 5i~2 (4.0-8.0) in infusion. adherent pericardium.
he'donal [G. hedone, delight.] Methyl-propyl-car- Heine's opera'tion (hi'neh) [Leopold Heine, German
binol urethane, CjHijOjN, a crystalline powder of ophthalmologist, '*i87o.] Cyclodialysis performed
aromatic taste and smell employed as an hypnotic
; for the purpose of establishing an artificial com-
in doses of gr. 13-30 (1.0-2.0). munication between the anterior chamber and the
he'donism [G. hedone, pleasure.] The ptu-suit of suprachorioidal space in glaucoma.
pleasure as an end in itself, without regard to Hei'ne-Med'in disease' [O. Medin, Swedish physician,
moral or ethical considerations. contemporary.] A group of paralyses, including
hedrocele (hed'ro-sSl) [G. hedra, anus, H- kele, infantile spinal, Landry's, bulbar, pontine,
hernia.] Prolapse of the intestine through the cerebral, ataxic, neuritic, and meningitio forms,
anus, proctocele. assumed to be different localizations of action
heel [A.S. hela.] i. Calx [BNA], the posterior, by the same infectious agent.
rounded extremity of the foot. 2. Talon, a pos- Heineke-Mjkulicz opera'tion (hi'nek-eh-mik'oo-lits)
terior small cusp of a tooth, h. bone, os calcis, [Walter Hermann Heinecke, German surgeon,
calcaneum, calcaneus [BNA]. pain'ful h., a '"1834; Johann von Af«fe«W«-Radecki, Breslau
condition in which bearing the weight on the surgeon, 1850-1905.] Pyloroplasty.
 ; ;;

HEINZ BODIES 43 S HELMHOLTZ'S AXIS LIGAMENT

Heinz bod'ies (hints) [R. Heinz, German physician, perhaps of thermotaxis, in which there is a ten-
contemporary.] Minute bodies sometimes seen dency to growth or movement toward (positive h.)
in erythrocytes by the dark-ground illunaination or away from (negative h.) the sun or the sunlight
method, after staining with azur I, regarded by heliotropism.
Heinz as particles of dead cytoplasm, by others heliotherapy (he-U-o-ther'a-pI) [G. helios, sun, +
as composed of cholesterin-olein; called also therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by
^-substance and substantia metachromatiso- exposure to the direct rays of the sun.
granularis. heliot'ropin. Piperonal, a methylene derivative of
Heister's diTertic'ulum (hi'ster) [Lorenz Heisier, protocatechuic aldehyde, used as a perfume.
German anatomist, 1683-1758.] Sinvis jugularis heliotropism (he-ll-ot'ru-pizm) [G. helios, sun, +
externae or bulbus venae jugularis superior. trope, a turning.] Heliotaxis.
H.'s valves, crescentic folds of the mucous mem- Heliozo'a [G, helios, sun, + zoon, animal.] Sun-
brane of the cystic bile-duct, disposed obliquely animals, a subclass of Aciinopoda in which
in a spiral manner around the inner wall; there is no chitinous capsule dividing the endo-
valves of Amussat. plasm from the ectoplasm; chiefly fresh- water
helcoid (hel'koyd) [G. helkos, ulcer, -I- eidos, resem- forms.
blance.] Resembling an ulcer; ulcerous. he'lium. A gaseous element, symbol He, atomic
helcol'ogy [G. helkos, ulcer, -logia.'l +
The special weight 4, first discovered in the stm it is produced
;

study of the cause, prevention, and treatment of by the radium emanation, and is possibly the
ulcers. same as the alpha rays of this substance.
helcoplasty (hel'ko-plas-ti) [G. helkos, ulcer, H- he'liz, gen. hel'icis [G. coil.] The margin of the
plasso, I mould.] The reparative or plastic auricle, a folded rim of cartilage forming the upper
surgery of ulcers; skin-grafting for the cure of part of the anterior, the superior, and the greater
ulcers. part of the posterior edges of the auricle.
helco'sis [G.] XJlceration. Hellat's sign (hel'at) [Piotr Hellat, Petrograd
hel'cosol [G. helkos, vilcer, -f- L. solari, to relieve.] otologist, 1857-1912.] In cases of mastoid sup-
Bismuth pyrogallate, a yellow amorphous powder pufation, a tuning fork applied to the diseased
employed internally as an intestinal antiseptic part is heard for a shorter time than when
in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0), and externally in applied at any other part of the skull.
the treatment of ulcers and various skin diseases. hellebore (hel'e-bor). A plant of the genus Helle-
Helcoso'ma trop'icum [G. helkos, a sore, soma, + borus, especially H. niger, and of other similar
body.] A
name proposed by Wright for the genera. Amer'ican h., veratrum viride. black
protozoan parasite of oriental sore, apparently h., helleborus. false h., American h. fet'id h.,
generically identical with the parasite of kala- stinking h. green h., (i) the rhizome and roots of
azar; Leishmania tropica^?). Helleborus viridis, used for the same purposes
hel'enin. A
stearoptene, occurring in white, acicular as black h. ; (2) American h. stink'ing h., the
crystals, of aromatic taste, obtained from elecam- rhizome of Helleborus fcetidus, employed for the
pane. Inula helenium: antiseptic, used externally same purposes as black h. swamp h.,' white
in ozena, and internally for diarrhea and bron- h., veratrum win'ter h., Enanthis hiemalis,
viride.
chorrhea, in doses of gr. ^i
(0.03-0.06). a plant closely allied to Helleborus.
helianthemum (hel-i-an'the-mum) [G. helios, helleborein (hel-e-bor'e-in). A
glucoside from black
sun, -f- anthemon, flower.] (N.F.) The herb hellebore; a local anesthetic, used in the eye; and
Helianthemum canadense, Canadian rock-rose, a heart stimulant in doses of gr. J—J (0.01-0.02).
frost-wort; an aromatic bitter, astringent, helleb'orin. A glucoside from green hellebore
and alterative in dose of 5i (4-o); or of 3i narcotic, but exceedingly poisonous.
(4.0) of the N.F. fluidextract. helleborism(hel'e-bor-izm). i. A condition result-
helianthin (he-H-an'thin). Methyl orange, di- ing from poisoning by veratrum. .t. Treatment
methylaniline orange, gold orange, tropeolin, of insanity by hellebore.
Poirrier's orange; an indicator, alkalies turning helleb'orus [G. helleboros.] Black hellebore, Christ-
its solution red, acids yellow. mas (or New Year) rose, the dried rhizome and
heHcine [G. helix, a coil.] Relating to a helix; roots of Helleborus niger, cardiac and arterial
spiral. tonic, alterative, diuretic, and in large doses
hel'icoid [G. helix, a coil, -I- eidos, resemblance.] cathartic ; dose, gr. 1-2 (0.06-0. 13), as a cathartic,
Resembling a helix; spiral. gr. lo-is (0.6-1.0).
helicopep'sin [G. helike, snail-shell.] A peptic fer- Heller's test [Johann Florenz Heller, Vienna
ment extracted from snails. pathologist, 1813-1871.] 1. For albumin:
helicopodia (hel'i-ko-po'dl-ah) [G. helix (Jielik-), nitric acid is poured very carefully down the side
a. coil, pous {pod-) a foot. ] A gait in which
-I- ,
of a test-tube containing urine; the fluids do not
the foot drags and describes a partial curve. mix, but at the place where they touch a white
helicotrema (hel-I-ko-tre'mah) [helix, a spiral, -1- disc appears if albumin is present. ^. For blood:

trema, a hole.] A semilunar opening between the a strong solution of caustic potash is added to the
free ciu'ved edge of' the lamina of the modiolus suspected urine and heated; a precipitate of
and the hamulus of the lamina spiralis ossea, earthy phosphates is thrown down which is of a
through which the scala vestibuli and the scala red or reddish brown color if blood is present. 3.
tympani of the cochlea communicate with one For sugar; Moore's"" test.
another. Hell'in's law. Twins occur once in 80 pregnancies,
heliencephalitis (he-U-en-sef-al-i'(e')tis) [G. helios, triplets once in 80 X
80, or 1,600 pregnancies;
sun, +enkephalos, brain, -I- -itis.'\ Inflammation quadruplets once in 80 X 80 X
80, or 128,000
of the brain following sunstroke. pregnancies.
he"liopho'bia [G. helios, sun, -I- phobos, fear.] A Helm'holtz's ax'is Ug'ament [Hermann Ludwig
morbid fear of exposure to the sun's rays. Ferdinand von Helmholie, German physiologist,
helio'sls [G. helios, sun.] Stuistroke. 1821-1894.] A
ligament forming the axis about
heliotazis (he-H-o-tak'sis) [G. helios, sun, taxis, + which the malleus rotates it consists of two por-
;

orderly arrangement.] A
form of phototaxis, and tions extending from the anterior and the pos-
 —
HELMHOLTZ'S AXIS LIGAMENT 436 HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA

terior border, respectively, of the notch of Rivinus ventral or hemal (as opposed to the dorsal or
to the malleus. H.'s the'ory of color-blindness, neural) aspect of the body.
see Young*-Helmholtz. hemaden (hem'a.-den) [G. haima blood, + aden,
hel'minth [G. helmins {helminth-), a 'worm.] An gland.] Literally blood-gland, a term which has
vermiform parasite.
intestinal been applied to denote a ductless gland.
helminthagogue (hel-minth'S-gog) [G. helminsQiel- hemadenology (hem'^-de-noro-ji) [G. haima,
minth-), worm, + agogos, leading.] Anthelmin- blood, -f aden, gland, -1- -ology. Endocrinology,
j

tic, vermifuge, the science relating to the internal secretions

helminthemesis (hel-min-them'e-sis) [G. helynins and their relation to general diseases.
{helminth-), a worm, -f- emesis vomiting.] The hemadosteno'sis, hsemadosteno'sis [G. haimas{hai-
vomiting or expulsion through the mouth of intes- mad-), a stream of blood, +
stenosis, narrowing.]
tinal worms. Contraction of the arteries.
helminthiasis (hel-min-thi'a-sis). The condition of hemadromograph (hem-ah-drom'o-graf) [G. haima,
having intestinal vermiform parasites. blood, + dromos, a. course, -I- grapho, I record.]
helmin'thic. Anthelmintic, helminthagogue, ver- An instrument for recording the rapidity of the
mifuge. blood-current.
hel'minthlsm. Helminthiasis. hemadromom'eter [G. haima, blood, -\- dromos, a
helmin'thoid [G. helmins {helminth-), worm, -i- eidos, course, metron, measure.] An instrument for
+
resemblance,] Worm-like. determining the rapidity of the blood-current.
helminthology (hel-min-thol'o-jl) [G. helmins{hel- hemadynamometer (hem"ah-di-na-mom'e-tur) [G.
minth-), worm, H logia.] The branch of science haima, blood, -f dynamis, force, -h metron, meas-
which treats of worms; especially the branch of ure.] An instrument for determining the degree
zoology and of medicine which has to do with of blood-pressure.
intestinal vermiform parasites. hemadynamom'etry [G. haima, blood, -)- dynamis,
helminthophobia (hel-min-tho-fo'bl-ah) {G. helmins force,metron, measure.] Measurement of the
-I-

{helminth-), worm, + phobos, fear.] morbid A blood-pressure.

dread or delusion of infestation with intestinal hemafa'cient [G. haima, blood, 4- L. facere, to
worms. make ] Hematopoietic.
hel'mitol. Hexamethylene tetramine anhydro- hemagglu'tinin, h^magglu'tinin. A specific serum
methylene citrate, C,H507.(CHj)5N4; occurring constituent (antibody) which causes agglutina-
in colorless crystals, soluble in 10 parts of water; tion or clumping of red blood-corpuscles. -
employed as a tirinary antiseptic in doses of 10-15 hemagglutination (hem-ag-glu-tl-na'shun). The
grains (0.6—1.0.). clumping of red blood-cells."
Heloder'ma [G. helos, nail, -{- derma skin.] A hemagogic (hem-&-goj'ik). Hemagogue (i).
genus of poisonous lizards in New Mexico, Arizona, hemagogue (hem'S-gog) [L. haima, blood, -H
and northern Mexico, the Gila monster. It is so agogos, leading.] Promoting a flow of blood,
i.
named because of the tubercular scales which emmenagogue. 2. An agent which promotes a
cover its body. discharge of blood, especially the menstrual
heloma (he-lo'mah) [G. helos, a nail.] Clavus, flow.
a corn, a callosity on the hand or foot. he'mal, hse'mal [G. haima, blood.] i. Relating to
Helonias (hS-lo'ni(-as) [G. helos, a marsh.] A ge- the blood or blood-vessels. 2. Referring to the

nus of plants of the family Liliacece, the rhizome ventral side of the spinal axis where the heart and
and roots of one species of which, H. diol'ca, or great vessels are located; opposed to neural,
Cham-celirium luteum, false unicorn root (helo- h. arch, the ring of the typical vertebra anterior
nias, N.P.) are employed in medicine as a vermi-
, to the central axis, enclosing the heart and other
fuge in dose of gr. 30 (2,0); a fluidextraot is viscera: it is formed in man by the ribs and
official in the N.P. sternum, h. cav'ity, the cavity anterior to the
hel'onin. An extractive of Helonias dioica, false cerebrospinal axis, containing the thoracic and
unicorn root; employed in intestinal colic and as abdominal viscera, h. spine, the anterior portion
a vermifuge in doses of gr. 2—4 (o 13—0 25).
. . of the typical vertebra, represented in man by
Helweg's bun'dle (hel'veg) [Hans Kristian Saxtorph the sternal segments.
Helweg, Danish physician, *i847.] A slender hemalbu'min. One of several therapeutic prepara-
bundle of nerve-fibers in the lateral fasciculus tions of the albuminoids of the blood.
proprius of the spinal cord, connected above with hemal'um. A mixture of hematoxylin and alum,
the olivary nucleus olivospinal tract.
; used as a stain in histology.
hemabarometer (hem"ah-bar-oii'6-tur) [G. haima, Hemame'ba, Hsemamoe'ba. i. A genus of ameboid
blood, + baros, weight, -i- metron, measure.] An parasites of the blood. 2. A leucocyte. H.
instrument for determining the specific gravity leucse'miae mag'na, a species asserted to be path-
of the blood. ogenic of myelogenous leucemia. H. leucee'mise
hemachromatosis (hem-ah-kro-mS-to'sis). Hemo- par'va, a species asserted to be pathogenic of
chromatosis. lymphatic leucemia.
hemachrome (hem'ah-krom) [G. haima, blood, -)- hemamebi'asis. Any infection with ameboid blood-
chroma, color.] The coloring matter of the blood, cell parasites malaria.
hemoglobin. hemanal'ysis [G haima, blood.] Analysis of the
hemachrosis (hem-ah-kro'sis) [G. haima, blood, -\- blood, a blood-examination.
chrosis, coloration.] An intensified redness of hemangioendothelioblastoma (hem-an"'ji(-o-en-do-
the blood. the"H-o-blas-to'mah) [G. haima, blood, -|- an-
hemacytom'eter [G. haima, blood, +
kytos, cell, + geion, vessel, + endothelium -{- blastos, germ, +
metron, measure.] An appliance for counting -Bma.] A
new growth of endothelial cells lining
the blood-cells; hematometer, hemometer. the blood-vessels, derived from the mesenchyma.
hemacytozo'on [G. haima, blood, -|- kytos, hollow hemangioendothelioma (hem-an"jl-o-en-do-the-H-o'-
(a cell), + zoon, animal.] A
protozoan parasite mah) [G. haima, blood, -(- angeioH, ve'ssel, +
of the red blood-corpuscles. endatheliuM -f- -dmu.J A tumor of v&riable
he'mad [G. haima, blood, + L. ad, to.] Tow&rd the size, often located on the cerebral meninges.
 .

HEMANGIOENDv. 437 HEMATOCYTOZOON

formed of an overgrowth of the endothe- hematischesis (hem-3,-tis'ke-sis) [O.haimaQiaimat-),
lium of the minute blood-vessels arranged in blood, + schesis, a checking.] The arrest of
concentric whorls embedded in a cellular stroma. hemorrhage.
h. tubero'sum mul'tiplez, an eruption of papules hematischetic (hem-S-tis-kefik) Styptic, check-
.

and nodules resembling spiradenoma, but pinkish ing hemorrhage.

in color, due to hyperplasia of the endothelium hematoagrometer (hem"a,-to-a-e-rom'e-tur) [G.
of the cutaneous blood-vessels. haima, blood, -H aer, air, + matron, measure.] An
hemangioma, pi. hemangio'tnata (hem-an-jJ-o'mah) instrument for estimating the pressure of the gases
[G. haima, blood, + angeion, vessel, + -oma.'] A in the blood.
tumor composed chiefly of multiplied and dilated hemato'bium, haemato'bium [G. haima, blood, -t-
blood-vessels. hios, life.] A blood parasite, hematozoon.
heman"giosarco'ma. A mixed hemangioma and hem'atoblast, h^em'atoblast [G. haima, blood, -I-
sarcoma. blastos, germ.] Platelet.
hemaphe'in [G. haima, blood, -t- phaios, dusky.] hematocathar'sis, hasmatocathar'sis [G. haima,
A pathological pigment derived from incom- blood, -t- catharsis, cleansing.] Purification of
pletely elaborated hemoglobin. the blood; lavage of the blood.
hemaphe'ism. The presence of hemaphein in the hematocele, hsematocele (hem'S,-to-sel) [G. haima,
blood-serum. blood, -f- keU, tumor.] 1. A blood-cyst. 2. An
iemapophysis, hsemapophysis (hem-ah-pof 'i-sis) effusion of blood into a canal or a cavity of the
The element next the hemal spine in. the typical body, haematoccelia. 3. A swelHng due to effu-
vertebra; represented in man by any one of the sion of blood into the tunica vaginalis testis.
costal cartilages. pel'vic h., an intraperitoneal effusion of blood into
hemarthro'sis, hsemarthro'sis [G. haima, blood, -1- the pelvis, puden'dal h., an effusion of blood into
arihron, joint.] The eflEusion of blood into the the labium majus.
cavity of a joint. hematocelia, haematoccelia (hem-a-to-se'U-ah) [G.
hemastrontium (hem-a,-stron'sh3rum). A
stain haima {haimai-), blood, H- koilia, cavity.] An
used in histology, made by adding strontium effusion of blood into the peritoneal cavity.
chloride to a solution of hemateinand aluminum hematoceph'alus, hsematoceph'alus [G. haima, blood,
chloride in citric acid and alcohol. + kephale, head.] A fetus with a large intra-
hematachometer, hEematachometer (hem-S-tS-kom'- cranial effusion of blood.
e-ter) [G. haima, blood, -f iachys, swift, -t- matron, hem.atochezia, haematochezia (hem-S-to-ke'zI-ah)
measure.] An instrument for determining the [G. haima {haimat-), blood, -f- chezo, I go to stool.]
rapidity of the blood-current. The passage of bloody stools.
hematapos'tasis [G. haima, blood, + apostasis, hematochlo'rin, A green coloring matter obtained
departure ] Hematoplania. from the placenta.
hematapostema (hem"at-a.-pos-te'mah) [G. hematochromato'sis. Hemochromatosis.
haima(haimat-) blood, -f- apostema, abscess.]
, hematochyluria, haematochyluria (hem"a-to-ki-lu'-
An abscess into which blood has been effused. ri-ah) [G. haima, blood, 4- chyles, juice, + ouron,
hemaf ein. An oxidation product of hematoxylin. urine.] The presence of both blood and chyle in
hematemesis, hsemateinesis (hem-ah-tem'e-sis) [G the urine.
haima, blood, + emesis, vomiting.] Vomiting of hematocol'pos, haematokol'pos [G. haimaQiaimat-),
blood. blood, + kolpos, vagina.] An accumulation of
hematenceph'alon, hsematenceph'alon [G. haima, menstrual blood in the vagina in consequence
blood, -i- enkephalos, brain.] Cerebral hemor- of imperforate hymen or other obstruction.
rhage. hem'atocrit [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -I- krino, I
hemather'apy. Hematotherapy. separate.] A centrifuge for separating the solid
hemathermal, tuemathermal (hem-ah-ther'mal) elements of the blood from the plasma.
[G. haim-a, blood, -|- thermos, warm.] Warm hematocryal, hsematocryal (hem-S,-tok'ri-al) [G.
blooded, noting a mammal or bird whose blood haima(haimal-) blood, + kryos, cold.] Cold
,

is of a constant temperature. blooded, noting reptiles and fishes whose blood

hemather'mous, haemather'mous. Hemathermal. is approximately that of the surrounding
hematho'rax. Hemothorax. medium.
hemat'ic. Relating to blood, hemic. 2. A remedy
i. hematocrys'tallin. Hemoglobin.
for anemia or other morbid states of the blood. hem'atocyst, haem'atocyst [G. haimaQiaimat-),
hem'atid, hxm'atid [G haimaQiaimaU), + idios, blood, -1- kysiis, bladder.] A
blood-cyst, an
individual.] A red blood-cell effusion of blood enclosed in a membranous sac.
hematidrosis, hsemathidrosis (hem"at-i-dro'sis) [G. hematocys'tis, haematocys'tis. An effusion of blood
haima, blood, + hidros, sweat.] The excretion into the bladder.
of sweat stained with blood or blood-pigment. hem'atocyte [G. haima, blood, -I- kytos, cell.] A
hematim'eter. Hematometer, hematocytometer. blood-corpuscle.
hem'atin. A brownish blood-pigment, the acid hematocytoblast (hem"3.-to-si'to-blast) [G. haima,
radicle which unites with globin to form hemo- blood, -I- kytos, cell, germ.] Granulo-
-I- blastos,
globin; its composition is given as C3,H34N4FeO,. blast, leucoblast, lymphoidocyte, myeloblast.*
hematinemia (hem-i-tin-e'ml-ah) [hematin + G. hematocytolysis, hsematocytolysis (hem"a-to-si-tol'i-
haima, blood.] The presence of hematin in the sis) [G. haima(haimat-), blood, -f- kytos, cell, -f-

circulating blood; it has been noted in a case of lysis, solution.] Hemolysis, destruction of the
acute chromium poisoning. red blood-corpuscles with setting free of the con-
hematin'ic. i. Improving the condition of the tained hemoglobin.
blood. 2. Hematic(2). hematocytom'eter, haematocytom'eteT. Hemocy-
hematinom'eter [G. metron, measure.] A device tometer; see cut under Thoma-Zeiss.
for determining the amount of coloring matter in hematocytozoon, haematocytozoon (hem"a-to-si-to-
the blood, hemoglobinometer.' zo'on) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -I- kytos, cell,
hematinu'ria, haematinu'ria [G. ouron, urine.] The 4- zoon, animal.] A protozoan parasite of the
presence of hematin in the urine, hemoglobinuria. red blood-corpuscles.
 — .

HEMATOCYTURIA 438 HEMATOPOSIA

hematocyturia, hasmatocytviria (heiu"a-to-si-tu'rI-ali) determine the number and varieties of the blood-
[G. haima(haimat-), blood, + kytos, cell, + ouron, cells and the percentage of hemoglobin.
urine.] The presence of red blood-corpuscles in hematomphalocele, hasmatomphalocele (hem"at-om'
the urine; true hematuria as distinguished from fal-o-sel) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + omphalos,
hemoglobinuria. umbilicus, -\- kele, hernia.] An umbilical hernia
hein"atodynamom'eter. Hemodynamometer. into which an effusion of blood has taken
hematodystrophy (hem"S,-to-dis'tro-f!) [G. haima place.
(haimal-), blood, + dys-, diflRcult, + trophe, hematomyelia, hsematomyelia (hem"a.-to-mi-e'lI-ah)
nourishment.] A depraved blood condition, [G. haimaQiaimat-), "blood, + myelos, marrow.]
such as anemia or oligocythemia. An effusion of blood into the substance of the
hematoerythroidin (hem-a,-to-er-i-throy'din) [G. spinal cord; see hematorrhachis.
haima, blood, + erythros, red (corpuscles).] hematomyelitis, haematomyelitis (hem-4-to-mi-el-i'-
A preparation made from the blood of an animal (e')tis). Hemorrhagic inflammation of the spinal
whose thyroid gland has been removed, in- cord.
tended for use in the treatment of Graves'
hematomy'elopore, hEematomy'elopore [G. haima
disease and of ^ other conditions of hyper-
thyroidism.
Qiaimat-), blood, -t- myelos, marrow, + poros, a
pore.] The formation of porosities in the spinal
hem'atogen. One of several proprietary remedies
cord as a result of hemorrhages.
containing iron.
hematogen'esis, hsematogen'esis [G. haima{haimat-), hematonephro'sis [G. haima, blood, + nephros,
blood, + genesis, production.] The formation of
kidney, -H -6sis\ Distention of the pelvis of the
blood, hematopoiesis.
kidney with blood.
hematogenic, hematogenous (hem-a-to-jen'ik, hem- hematon'ic. Blood tonic, a remedy which tends
3-toj'en-us). Forming blood, hematopoietic. to raise the hemoglobin percentage.
hematoglo'bin, hematoglob'ulin. Hemoglobin. hematopathol'Dgy [G. haima, blood, + pathology.]
hematogonia (hem"i-to-go'nI-ah) [G. haima(haimai), The science dealing with morbid states of the
blood, -f- gone, generation.] Lymphoidocyte, blood.
myeloblast.* hematopericar'dium. An effusion of blood into the
hem"atoludro'sis. Hematidrosis, pericardial sac.
hem"atohis'ton. Globin, a protein derivation of hematoperitone'um. Hemoperitoneum.
hemoglobin. hematopex'in [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -f- pexis,
hem'atoid, hsem'atoid [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + fixation.] Hemopexin.
eidos, resemblance.] Sanguineous, bloody; re- hematophagia, hsematophagia
(hem"a.-to-fa'jI-ah)
sembling blood [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -|- phago, I eat.] i.
hematoidin (hem-S.-toy'din) [hematin + G. eidos, Living on the blood of another animal. 2. The
appearance*] An iron-free substance resulting drinking of blood as a therapeutic measure.
from the splitting up of hematin in the phagocytic hematoph'agous [G. haima{haimat-), blood, -i-

digestion of the effete erythrocytes; it is appar- phago, Subsisting on blood.

I eat.]
ently identical in chemical composition with bili- hematophagus (hem-&-tof'a-gus) [G. haima (hai-
rubin; it may be formed independently of mat-), blood, -I- phago, I eat.] A blood eater;
cell-activity and is found in the remains of old referring especially to blood-sucking insects.
blood extravasations and clots. hematophil'ia. Hemophilia.
hem'atolith, haem'atolitii. Hemolith. hematopho'bia [G. haima Qiaimat-), blood, + phobos,
hematorogist. One versed in hematology, one fear.] Hemaphobia.
skilled in making blood examinations. hematophyte (hem'S-to-flt) [G. haimaQiaimat-),
hematol'ogy, hsematol'ogy [G. haimafhaimat-), blood, +
phyton, plant.] A
vegetable organism, or
blood, + -logia.} The branch of medicine which bacteriiun, in the blood.
has to do with the blood in all its relations hematopla'nia, hsematopla'nia [G. haimaQiaimat-),
anatomy, physiology, pathology, semiology, and blood, H- plane, wandering.] Vicarious menstru-
therapeutics, ation.
hematolymphangioma, hsematolymphangioma hematoplas'tic [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + plasso,
(hem"a-to-limf"an-ji-o'mah) [G. haima(haimat-), I form.] Relating to blood formation; hemato-
blood, + L. lympha, lymph, -f G. angeion, ves- poietic.
sel, + -otna.] Atumor composed of dilated hematopoiesis, h^ematopoiesis (hem"3.-to-poy-e'sis)
blood-vessels and lymphatics. [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + poied, I make.] The
hematol'ysis, haematol'ysis. Hemolysis. formation of blood.
hematolyt'ic. Hemolytic. hematopoietic (hem"a-to-poy-et'Ik). Relating to
hemato'ma, haemato'ma [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, hematopoiesis; hematogenic, hematoplastio.
+ -oma.] A
blood-cyst, hematocyst; a tiuiior hematopoietin (hem-S-to-poy'6-tin). An hypo-
containing effused blood, h. au'ris, othematoma. thetical substance of the nature of a hormone,
hematomancy, hsematomantia (hem'&-to-man-sI, stimulating to increased blood-formation.
hem'S-to-man'shyah) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, hematopor'phyrin [G. haima(haimat-), blood, -)-
+ manteia, divination.] Diagnosis by means of porphyra, purple.] A purple substance resulting
blood examinations. from the decomposition of hemoglobin; its com-
hem"atomediasti'num (hem"S-to-me-dI-ah-sti'nimi) position is that of hematin without the iron.
An effusion of blood into the mediastinum. hematoporphyrinuria (hem"a-to-por"fi-rin-u'ri-ah)
hematometer (hem-Jl-tom'e-tur) [G. haima [hemaioporphyrin + G. ouron, luine.] The ex-
(haimat-), blood, +
metron, measure.] i. cretion of hematoporphjnrin in the urine, occur-
Hemocytometer. 2. Hemodynamometer. ring as a result of the decomposition of hemoglo-
hematometra, haematometra (hem"a-to-me'trah) [G. bin; it occurs sometimes after the administration
haimaQiaimat-), blood, + metra, uterus.] Reten- of sulphonal, trional, and tetronal, and in other
tion of blood within the cavity of the uterus. conditions,
hematom'etry, haematom'etry [G. haima, blood, -I- hematopo'sia(hran"a-to-po'sK-ah)[G. haima Qiaimat-),
metron, measure.] Examination of the blood to blood, -H posis, a drinking.] Hematophagia(2).
HEMATORRHACiiia 439 HEMIANOPSIA

hematorrhacliis, haematorrhachis (hem-^-toT'^-kis) on a moving strip of paper by a minute spurt

[G. haima, blood, + rhachis, spine.] Spinal apo- from a punctured artery.
plexy, hemorrhage (i) into the spinal canal hemelytrometra, haemelytrometra (hem-el"I-tro-me'-
external to the cord, either within or outside the trah) [G. haima, blood, + elytron, vagina, -H
dura Qi. exter'na); or (2) into the substance of the metra, uterus.] An acctmiulation of blood in
cord {h. inier'na, hematomyelia). both uterus and vagina in cases of imperforate
hematorrhea, hsematorrhoea (hem"3,-tor-re'ah) [G. hymen.
haima(haimat-), blood, + rhoia, flow.] Profuse hemen"dothelio'ina. A tumor due to proliferation
hemorrhage. of the endothelium of the blood-vessels.
hematosal'pinz, hasmatosal'pinx [G. haimaQiaimat-), hemeralopia (hem"er-al-o'pl-ah) [G. hemera, day, -I-
blood, + salpinx, a trumpet.] A retention of alaos, obscure, + dps, eye.] 1. Day-bUndness,
blood in the Fallopian tube. inability to see as distinctly in a bright light as in
hematoscheocele, hsematoscheocele (hem-^-tos'ke- a dim one. 2. Often incorrectly used to denote
o-sel) [G. haimaQiaimai-), blood, -t- oscheon, night-blindness, or nyctalopia.
scrotimi, + kele, hernia, tumor.] An accumiila- hemesia (hem-e'si-ah). Trade name of a prepa-
tion of blood in the scrotal cavity. ration of quinine and urea hydrochloride,
hem'atoscope [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + skopeo, employed as a local anesthetic.
I examine.] i. An instrument for spectroscopic hemi- [G.] A prefix signifying one-half.
examination of the blood, n. Hemoglobinometer. hemiablepsia (hem'^-S-blep'sl-ah) [G. hemi-, half, -f-

hematos'copy. The ocular examination of the a- priv. -I- blepo, I see.] Hemianopsia.
blood by the spectroscope or the hemoglobinom- hemiacar'dius [G. hemi-,'haii, + o- priv. -I- kardia,
eter. heart.] One of twin fetuses, in which only a part of
hematosep'sis [G. haima (haitnai-), blood, + sepsis, the circulation is effected by its own heart, the
putrefaction.] Septicemia. rest being moved by the heart of the other twin.
hem'atosin. Hematin. hemiachromatopsia (hem"I-a.-kro-ma-top'sI-ah) [G.
hemato'sis. i. Hematopoiesis. 2. Oxygenation hemi-, half, -I- a- priv. + chroma, color, + opsis,
of the venous blood in the lungs. vision.] Loss of color perception in the half of
hematospec'troscope. A spectroscope especially each visual field, color hemianopsia.
adapted to examination of the blood. hemiageusia, hemiaguestia (hem-e-S-gu'sI-ah, hem-
hematospectros'copy. Examination of the blood by e-a-gus'tl-ah) [G. hemi-, half, a- priv. +
geusis, +
means of the spectroscope. taste.] Loss of the sense of taste on one lateral
hematospermatocele (hem"S-to-spur-mat'o-sel) [G. half of the tongue.
haima, blood, -I- sperma, seed, -t- kele, tumor.] hemialbu'min. Hemiprotein.
A spermatocele containing blood. hemialbumose (hem-I-al'bu-moz). Propeptone, a
hematospennia,(hem'S-to-spur'n^-ah). Discharge of crystalline albuminoid product of the digestion of
blood- tinged semen. certain proteins with pepsin or trypsin; it occurs
hematostat'ic. ±. Hemostatic. 2. Due to stag- also in the bone-marrow.
nation or arrest of blood in the vessels of the hemialbumosu'ria. The presence of hemialbimiose
part. in the urine.
hematos'teon [G. haima. blood, -I- osteon, bone.] hemialgia (hem-i-al'ji-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + algos,
Bleeding in the medullary cavity of a bone. pain.] Pain affecting one entire half of the
hematother'apy, hsematother'apy [G. haima, blood, body.
-t- iherapeia, treatment.] The treatment of hemiamblyo'pia. Amblyopia affecting one-half of
disease by the administration of fresh blood or the visual field.
of some preparation from blood. hemiamyosthenia (hem"I-am"i-o-sthe'nJ-ah) [G.
hematother'mal. Hemathermal. hemi-, half, + u- priv. +
niys (myo-), muscle, +
hematotho'rax. The presence of blood in the chest; stheneia, Hemiparesis,
strength.] muscular
hemothorax. weakness involving one side of the body.
hematotox'ic. Relating to toxemia. hemianacu'sia [G. hemi-, half, + an- priv. + akousis,
hematotox'in. Hematoxin, hemolysin. hearing.] Deafness in one ear.
hematotrachelos, hasmatotrachelos (hem-S-to-trd- hemianalge'sia. Analgesia, or loss of sensibility to
ke'los) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + trachelos, pain, affecting one side of the body.
neck.] Distention of the cervix uteri with hemianesthesia, hemiaiiaesthesia (hem"J-an-es-the'-
accumulated blood. zl-ah). Anesthesia, or loss of tactile sensibility,
hematotym'panum. Accumulation of blood in the on one side of the body, alter'nate h., h. affect-
tympaniun, or middle ear. ing the head on one side and the body and extrem-
hematox'ic. Hematotoxic, relating to toxemia. ities on the other side, crossed h., alternate h.
hematoz'in, A specific blood poison, hemolysin. hemiano'pia [G. hemi-, half, -f- an- priv. -f dps,
hematox'ylin. A yellowish crystalline compound, eye.] Hemianopsia.
Ci,Hi,0„ containing the coloring matter of hema- hemianop'sia [G. hemi-, half, + an- priv. -f opsis,
toxylon or logwood used as a dye in histology.
; vision.] Loss of vision for one-half of the visual
hematox'ylon. Haematoxylon* (N.P.), hasma- field, ab'solute h., h. as regards color, light, and
toxyli ligni (Br.), logwood. form, bilat'eral h., h. affecting both eyes, bina'-
hematozo'ic, hsematozo'ic [G. haima, blood, + zoon, sal h., crossed h. binoc'ular h., bilateral h.
animal.] Parasitic in the blood of vertebrates, bitem'poral h., crossed h. complete' h., h. involv-
noting certain protozoa. ing the entire half of each eye. crossed h.,
hematozo'on, hsematozo'on [G. haimaQiaimat-), heteronymous h., loss of sight in the inner (6t»a-
blood, -I- zoon, animal.] An animal parasite of sal h.) or the outer (bitemporal h.) half of the
the blood. visual field of each eye. equilat'eral h., homon-
bematu'ria, hsematu'ria [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -(- ymous h. heteron'ymous h., crossed h. ho-
ouron, urine.] The passage of blood in the urine. mon'ymous h., lateral or equilateral h., loss of
angioneurot'ic h., renal epistaxis.* sight in the corresponding (right or left) lateral
hemautograph (hem-aw'to-graf) [G. haima, blood, halves of the eyes, incomplete' h., h. involving
+ autos,'seli, + graphs, I write.] A tracing made less than half the visual field of each eye. lat'eral
 ; .

HEMIANOPSIA 440 HEMIOPALGIA

h.) homonymoush. quadran'tic h., tetartanopia. employed as an antisyphilitic and in Bright 's
regarding only the color sense or
rel'ative h., h. disease in doses of gr. 15—30 (1.0—2.0) in a, i— 10
form sense or both, the light sense remaining. infusion.
imilat'eral h., unioc'ular h., loss of sight in half hemidiaphoresis (hem"!(-di-S,-fo-re'sis). Diaphoresis,
the visual field of one eye only. or sweating, on one side of the body.
hemianosmia (hem"I-an-oz'mI-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + hemidrosis (hem-i-dro'sis). ±. Hematidrosis. 2.

an- priv. + os-me, smell.] Loss of smell on one side. Hemihidrosis.

hemiapraxia (hem"![-S.-prak'sJ-ah) [G. hemi-, half, hemidysesthesia, hemidysaesthesia (hem"I-dis-es-the'-
+ apraxia.} Apraxia affecting one side of the zl-ah). Dysesthesia, or impairment of the sense of
body. touch, affecting one lateral half of the body.
hemiasynergia (hem-j[-as-in-ur'j!t-ah) [G. hemi-, hemidystrophy (hem-J-dis'tro-fl) [G. hemi-, half, -{-
half, + a- priv. +
syn, with, +
ergon, work.] dys-, difficult, -H irophe, nourishment.] A con-
Asynergia affecting one lateral half of the body. dition of inequality in development of the two
hemiatax'ia. Ataxia affecting one side of the body. sides of the body.
hemiathetosis (hem"J-S.-the-to'sis). Athetosis affect- hemielastin (hem-I-e-las'tin). The product of the
ing one hand, or one hand and foot, only. hydrolysis or digestion of elastin.
hemiatrophy (hem-i-at'ro-fi) Atrophy of one
. hemienceph'alus [G. hemi-, half, + enkephalos,
lateral half of a part or of an organ, as the face brain.] A monster with but one cerebral hemi-
or tongue, fa'cial h., atrophy, usually pro- sphere.
gressive, affecting the muscles of one side of the hemiep'ilepsy. One-sided epilepsy, an epileptic
face, progres'sive lin'gual h., atrophy of one attack in which the convulsions occur on one
lateral half of the tongue. side of the body only.
hemiballism (hem"i-bal'izm) [G. hemi-, half, \- hemigeusia (hem-I-ju'sl-ah) [G. hemi-, half, +
ballismos, jumping about.] Hemichorea; lively geusis, taste.] Loss of the sense of taste in one
shaking or jerking movements involving one side lateral half of the tongue.
of the body. hemigloss'al. Hemilingual.
he'mic, hse'mic. Hemal, relating to the blood. hemiglossitis (hem-I-glos-i'(e')tis) [G. hemi-, half,
hemicar'dia [G. hemi-, half, + kardia, heart.] One 4- glossa, tongue, -f- -itis,] A
vesicular eruption
lateral half, including atrium and ventricle, of on one side of the tongue and the corresponding
the heart, h. dex'tra, the right heart, h. sinis'- inner surface of the cheek, probably a form of
tra, the left heart herpes zoster.
hem'icarp [G. hemi-, half, -t- karpos, fruit.] The hemihidro'sis. Hemidiaphoresis.
achene of a bilocular fruit. hemihypalgesia (hem"l-hi-pal-je'zl-ah). A partial
hemicell'ulose. Any woody cellulose insoluble in loss of sensibility to pain, or hypalgesia, affecting
water but soluble in a dilute mineral acid. one lateral half of the body.
hemicen'trum [G. hemi-, half, + keniron, center.] hemihyperesthesia, hemihyperaesthesia (hem"i-hi"-
One of the two lateral halves of the body of the per-es-the'zl-ah) [G. hemi-, half, +
hyper, over, -{-
vertebra. aisthesis, sensation.] Hyperesthesia, or increased
hemicepha'lia. Congenital absence of one side of tactile and painful sensibility, affecting one side of
the head. the body.
hemiceph'alus [G. hemi-, half, +
hephale, head.] A hemihyperidrosis (hem"I-hi-per-i-dro'sis) [G. hemi-,
monster with one-half of the head absent. half, -I- hyper, over, -I- hidrosis, sweating.] In-
hemic er'ebrum. Acerebral hemisphere. creased sweating confined to one side of the body.
hemichorea (hem-e-ko-re'ah). Chorea involving hemihyperto'nia [G. hemi-, half, + hyper, over, -f-
the muscles on one side only. ionos, tone.] Exaggerated muscular tonicity on
hemichromatopsia (hem"I-krom-a-top'sI-ah) [G. one lateral half of the body.
hemi-, half, + chroma, color, H- apsis, vision.] hemihyper'trophy. Muscular hypertrophy of one
Color-blindness affecting one-half the visual field. side of the face or body.
hemichromosome (hem"i-kro'nio-s6in). A lateral hemihypesthesia (hem-i-hi-pes-the'zi-ah) [G.
half of a chromosome. hemi-, half, + hypo, under, -\- aisthesis, sensation.
liemicoll'in [G. hemi-, half, +
kolla, glue.] deriv- A Diminished sensibility in one lateral half of the
ative of gelatin soluble in alcohol. body.
hemicrania (heni-5!-kra'i^-ah) [G. hemi-, half,
. hemihypoesthesia (hem-S-hi-po-es-the'zi-ah)
-H kranion, skull.] 1. Migraine. 2. Hemi- Hemihypesthesia.
cephalia. hemihypoto'nia [G. hemi-, half, -1- hypo, under, -(-
hemicraniec'tomy [G. hemi-, half, -H kranion, skull, tonos, tone.] A partial loss of muscular tonicity
-I- ektome, excision.] Hemicraniotomy, on one side of the body
hemicra'nin. Trade name of a powder said to con- hemilaryngectomy (hem-I-lar-in-jek'to-ml) [G.
sist of acetphenetidin and caffeine citrate dose as ; hemi-, half, -|- larynx(laryng-), larynx, -I- ektomS,
an antineuralgic, gr. 7i-i5 (0.5-1.0). excision.] Excision of one lateral half of the
hemicranio'sis [G. hemi-, half, -)- kranion, skull.] larynx.
Enlargement of one side of the cranium. hemllat'eral. Relating to one lateral half.
hemlcraniot'omy [G. hemi-, half, -1- kranion, skull, hemilin'gual [G. hemi-, half, + L. lingua, tongue.]
-I- tome, cut.] Separation and reflection of the Relating to one lateral half of the tongue.
greater part or all of one-half of the cranium, as a hemlmelia (hem"l-me'll-ah) [see hemimelus.] A
preliminary to an operation upon the brain. monstrosity marked by defects in the limbs.
hemicycUc (hem-I-si'klik) [G. hemi-, half, + kyklos, hemim'elus [G. hemi-, half, -)- melos, limb.] A
circle.] In botany, noting a flower in which the monster with imperfect extremities.
parts are disposed, some in whorls, others in he'min, hae'min. Hematin hydrochloride, a brown-
spirals. ish red crystalline substance composing Teich-
hemides'mus [G. hemi-, half, -I- desmos, band, noting mann's* crystals.
the appearance of raveled fibers.] Indian sarsa- hemiopal'gia [G. hemi-, half, + dps, eye, -)- algos,
parilla, the dried root(hemides'mi ra'dix, B.P.) pain.] Pain in one eye, usually accompanied
of Hem-idesmus indicans, a twining plant of India with hemicrania.
HEMIOPIA 441 HEMODROMOMETER
hemiopia (hem-J-o'pi-ah). [G. hSmi-, half, + ops, hemito'nia. Hemihypertonia.
eye.] Hemianopsia. hemitox'in [G. hemi-, half, -(- ioxin.l A toxin of
hemiop'ic. Relating to hemiopia. half the normal strength.
hemip'agus [G. hemi-, half, + pagos, fastened.] A hemitre'mor. Tremor affecting the muscles of
twin monster joined at the thorax. one side of the body.
hemiparanesthe'sia, hemiparanaesthe'sia [G. hemi-, hem'lock. Conium.
half, + ^ara, beyond, + a«aisifeeita, insensibility.]
Anesthesia of one lower extremity, or of the
heme-, hsmo- [G. haima, blood.] A prefix signify-
ing blood.
lower part of one side of the body.
hemoalkalimeter (hem"o-al-ka-lim'e-tur) [G. metron,
hemiparaplegia (hem"l-par-ah-ple'jl-ah). Paraplegia
measure.] A device for determining the degree of
on one side only, paralysis of one leg.
alkalinity of the blood.
hemipai'esis. Slight paralysis affecting one side
only. hem'oblast. 1. Hematoblast, platelet. 2. Ery-
hemipep'tone hemi-, half.] One of the two
[G. throblast.
compounds resulting from the splitting of ampho- hemoce'lom. Hasmocoelom.
peptone; upon further digestion it forms tyrosin, hemochromatosis, haemochromatosis (hem-o-kro-
leucin, amidoacids, etc. m4-to'sis) [G. haima, blood, -H chroma, color.]
hemiplegia (hem"l-ple'il-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + plSge, A disease characterized by extensive pigmenta-
a stroke.] Paralysis of one side of the body and of tion of the tissues, accompanied by atrophic or
the opposite side of the face, alter'nate h., paral- cirrhotic changes in the pancreas or liver.
ysis of facial muscles on one side and of the ex- hemochromogen, hsmochromogen (hem-o-kro'mo-
tremities on the other, due to a unilateral lesion jen) [G. haifna, blood, + chroma, color, +
gennao,
of the pons; Gubler's paralysis, ascend'ing h., as- "
I produce.] A
crystalline pigment derived from
cending paralysis* affecting one lateral half of the hemoglobin.
body, crossed h., alternate h. fa'cial h., hemochromometer (hein"o-kro-mom'e-tur) [G. hai-
paralysis of one side of the face, the muscles of ma, blood, -f chroma, color, + metron, measure.]
the extremities being unaffected, hephes'tic h., An apparatus for determining the percentage of
spasmodic h. affecting smiths; see the adjective. hemoglobin in the blood.
hered'itaiy h., h. with atrophy, present at birth. hem"ochromom'etry. The determination of the
in'fantile h., birth palsy.* percentage of hemoglobin in the blood.
hemiplegic (hem-J-ple'jik). Relating to hemi- hemocla'sia, hemoc'lasis, hsemoc'lasis [G. haima,
plegia. blood, + klasis, a breaking.] Hemolysis, de-
hemiprotein (hem-I-pro'te-in). A protein con- struction of the red blood-corpuscles.
taining only the molecular group which is digested hemoclas'tlc. Hemolytic.
by trypsin. hemococcidium, haemococcidium (hem"o-kok-
Hemiptera (hem-ip'tS-rah) [G. hemi-, half, + sid'I-um.) Plasmodium.
pteron, wing.] An order of the Insecta, mostly hemoco'nia, hsmoco'nia [G. haima, blood, + konis,
suctorial and parasitic. dust.] Blood-dust.
hemiscoto'sis [G. hemi, half, -h skotosis, a darken- hemocordosis (hem"o-ko-n[-o'sis). A condition in
ing.] Hemianopsia. which there is an abnormal amount of blood-dust,
hemisep'tum. A lateral half of any septian. or hemoconia, in the blood.
hemiso'mus [G. hemi-, half, -I- soma, body.] A hemocryoscopy, haemocryoscopy (hem"o-kri-os'-
monster with half the body very imperfectly ko-pi) [G. haima, blood, -t- kryos, cold, -|-

developed. skoped, I examine.] Determination of the

hem'ispasm. A spasm affecting one or more freezing point of blood.
muscles of one side of the face or body only hemocrys'tallin. Hemoglobin.
hemisphserium (hem"i-sfe'ri-um) [G. hemi-, half, -H hemocyte, hxmocyte (hem'o-sit) [G. haima, blood, -1-
sphaira, sphere.] Hemisphere, the lateral half of kytos, cell.] A
blood-corpuscle, hematocyte.
the cerebrum or cerebellum, h. bul'bi ure'- hemocytol'ysis. Hematocytolysis, hemolysis.
thrsB [BNA], one of the lateral halves of the hemocytometer, hasmocytometer (hem-o-si-tom'e-
bulb of the urethra which are separated by a tur) [G. haima, blood, -)- kytos, cell, +
metron,
median groove on the posterior part of the under measure.] An apparatus for estimating the num-
surface. ber of corpuscles in a given quantity (cubic
hemisphere (hem'J-sfer). Hemisphsrium. millimeter) of blood.
hemisporosis (hem"i-spo-ro'sis) Infection with a
. hem"ocytotrip'sis [G. haima, blood, + kytos, cell, -I-
fungus, Hemispora stellata, marked by gumma- tripsis, a grinding.] The fragmentation of red
like swellings in bone and other tissues, which blood-corpuscles.
may ulcerate in the later stages. hemocytozoon, haemocytozoon (hem-o-si-to-zo'on)
hemisystole (hem"l-sis'to-le). Contraction of the [G. haima, blood, -t- kytos, cell, -I- zoon, animal.]
left ventricle following every • second auricular An animal parasite of the red blood-corpuscles,
contraction only, so that there is but one pulse hematobium.
beat to every two heart beats. hemodiagnosis (hem"o-di-ag-no'sis). Diagnosis by
hemiterata (hem-I-ter'ah-tah) [G. hemi-, half, -I- means of examination of the blood.
ieraia, pi. of teras, a monster.] Persons with con- hemodi'astase. An amylolytic ferment in the blood.
genital malformations which are not so marked hemodromograph, haemodromograph (hem"o-drom'-
or so disabling as to merit the term monster for o-graf) [G. haima, blood, -(- dromos, course, -t-
their possessors. grapho, I record.] An instrument for recording
hemiterat'ic. Relating to hemiterata. the rapidity of the blood-current, hemadromo-
hemithermoanesthesia, hemithermoansesthesia. graph.
(heni"I-thur'mo-an-es-the'zI-ah). Loss of sensi- hemodromometer, haemodromometer (hem"o-dr6-
bility to heat and cold affecting one side of the mom'e-ter) [G. haima, blood, + dromos, course, -I-
body. metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring
hemito'mias [G. hemi-, half, -I- tomias, eimuch. the rapidity of the blood circulation, hemadromom-
A man with but one testis. eter.
HEMODYNAMIC 442 HEMOPHTHISIS, H^MOPHTHISIS

hemodynamic (hem-o-di-nam'ik) Relating to

. hemoleucocyte (hem-o-lu'ko-sit). A white blood-
the blood circulation. corpuscle.
hemodynam'ics [G. haima, blood, + dynamis, hemolipase (hem-o-li'paz). A
fat-splitting ferment
power.] The study of the blood-pressure. in the blood.
hemodynamom'eter [G. haima, blood, + dynamis, hem'olith,; haem'olith [G. haima, blood, +
lithos,
force, + metron, measure.] An instrument for stone.] A
concretion in the wall of a blood-vessel.
determining the blood-pressure, hemadynamom- Hematology.
hemol'ogy, hsemol'ogy.
eter. hem'olymph, hsem'olymph [G. haima, blood, +
hemodystrophy (hem-o-dis'tro-fJ) . Hematodys- L. lympha,lyvaph.1 Relating to the blood and
±.

trophy. the lymph. 2. The nutrient fluid of certain

hemofer'nun haima, blood, -1- L. ferrum, iron.]
[G. invertebrates, h. gland, see under gland.
The iron content of hemoglobin. hemol'ysin. The substance in a specific serum
hemoflagellate (hem-o-flaj'el-ate). A protozoan which effects the destruction of the erythro-
organism of the class Flagellaia, occurring as a cytes.
parasite in the blood of vertebrates. hemolysis (hem-ol'i-sis) [G. haima, blood, 4- lysis,
hemofus'cin [G. haima, blood, + L. fuscus, brown.] solution.] Destruction of the red blood-cells by
A brown pigment derived from hemoglobin. a specific antiserum.
hemogall'ol. A reddish brown powder, obtained hemolysoid (hem-ol'l-soyd) [hemolysin + G. eidos,
from hemoglobin by deoxidation by means of resemblance.] An hemolysin which has lost its
pyrogallolj employed in anemic conditions in toxophore group while retaining the haptophore
doses, of gr. 4-8 (o 25-0 .5).
. group, capable therefore of uniting with the
hemogen'esis. Hematogenesis. blood-cell, but not of destroying it.
hemogen'ic. Hematogenic. hemolyt'ic. Destructive to blood-cells.
hemoglo'bin, hsemoglo'bin [G. haima, blood, 4- hemolyza'tion. The production of hemolysis.
L. globus, globe.] The
coloring matter of the hemolyze (hem'o-liz). To produce hemolysis or
blood, a conjugated protein, yielding a simple pro- destruction of the red blood-corpuscles.
tein and hematin on hydrolysis. Its approxi- hemomediastinum, haemomediastinum (hem"o-me-
mate formula CjjgHi^ujNigsOjijFeSj (Mann).
is dl-ah-sti'num). An effusion of blood into the
It absorbs gases readily, the combination with mediastinum, hematomediastinum.
oxygen being called oxyhemoglobin, reduced' h., hemom'eter. Hematometer.
the h. remaining after oxyhemoglobin has yielded hemome'tra. Hematometra, an accumulation of
up its oxygen to the tissues. blood in the cavity of the uterus.
hemoglobine'mia, hsemoglobinee'mia. The presence hemom'etry. Hematometry.
of free hemoglobin in the blood-plasma, as in hemonephro'sis [G. haima, blood, -I- nephros, kid-
laked blood. ney.] An accumulation of blood in the pelvis
hemoglobinocholia (hem-o-glo"bin-o-ko'lI-ah) [G. of the kidney.
chole, bile.] The presence of hemoglobin in the hemoner'vine. An agent possessing hematinic and
bile. nervine properties.
hemoglobinom'eter [hemoglobin + G. metron, meas- hem"onor'moblast. Erythroblast.
ure.] An instriunent for estimating the amount hemopathology (hem-o-pS-thol'o-jI). Hemato-
of hemoglobin in the blood, indicated in per- pathology.
centages of the normal. hemopathy (hem-op'&-thi() [G. haima, blood, 4-
hemoglobinuria (hem-o-glo-bin-u'ri-ah) [hemoglobin pathos, suffering.] A
blood disease.
+ G. ouron, urine.] The presence of hemoglobin hemopericar'dium, hsemopericar'dium [G. haima,
in the urine as voided, giving to it a dark reddish blood.] An effusion of blood into the peri-
color, bo'vine h., redwater fever, Texas* cattle cardial sac.
fever, epidem'ic h., Winckel's* disease, mala'- hemoperitone'um. Effusion of blood into the perit-
rial h., blackwater fevter, bilious remittent fever, oneal cavity.
hemoglobinuric fever; a disease associated with hemopex'in [G. haima, blood, -t- pexis, fixation.]
malaria, marked, in severe cases, by fever, bilious An agent causing coagulation of the blood. .,

vomiting, tympanites, jaundice, and the passage hemophagocyte (hem-o-fag'o-sit). A phagocytic

of dark colored urine containing hemoglobin the ; leucocyte.
general symptoms may be slight or absent; the hemophil, hemophile (hem'o-fil, hem'o-fil) [G. haima,
disease is believed to be of malarial origin, and blood,-t- philos, fond.] Noting microorganisms
often appears to be excited by the administration growing preferably in media containing blood.
of quinine, though this is questionable, paroxys'- hemophilia, haemophilia (hem-o-fil'I-ah) [G. haima,
mal h., a form occurring usually in adult males at blood, -I- phileo, I like.] A disorder marked by a
irregular intervals, often after exertion or expos- permanent tendency to profuse hemorrhages,
ure to cold, tox'ic h., h. occurring after the spontaneous or traumatic, due to a deect in thef
ingestion of various poisons, in certain blood coagulating power of the blood, re'nal h., renal
diseases, and in the course of certain infec- epistaxis.*
tions. hemophil'iac. i. Relating to hemophilia. 2. A
hemoglobinu'ric. Relating to or marked by hemo- person suffering from hemophilia.
globinuria, h. fever, malarial hemoglobinuria. hemopho'bia [G. haima, blood, + phobos, fear.] i.
hemoglob'ulln. Hemoglobin. A morbid aversion to the sight of blood. 2. A
hemogo'nia. Hematogonia. morbid fear of bleeding.
Hemogregarina (hem"o-greg-S,-re'nah) A genus . hemophthal'mia, heemophthal'mia [G. haima, blood,
of gregarines parasitic in the red blood-cor- H- ophthalmos, eye.] An effusion of blood into
puscles of certain cold-blooded animals. the eyeball.
hemoko'nia. Hemoconia. hemophthal'mus. Hemophthalmia.
he'mol. A dark brown powder prepared by reduc- aomophthisis, hasmophthisis
(hem-of-thi'(the')sis)
ing hemoglobin with zinc employed in the treat-
; [G. haima, blood, + phthisis, consumption.]
ment of anemia and chlorosis in doses of gr, 2—8 Anemia due to the destruction, or deficient forma-
(0.13-0.5). tion, of the red blood-cells.
HEMOPLASTIC 443 HEMOSIDERIN

hemoplas'tic [G. haima, blood, + plasso, I form.] fear of, hemaphobia. from bladder, cystorrhagia.
Hematoplastic, hematopoietic. from bowels, melena, enterorrhagia, hematochezia,
hematodiarrhea. from breast, mastorrhagia. from
hemoplas'tiii. Trade name of a serum prepara- bronchi, bronchorrhagia, hemoptysis, from ear,
tion said to be composed chiefly of prothrombin otorrhagia, from Fallopian tube, salpingorrhagia.
and anti-antithrombin; a clear amber-colored from fauces, hematismus, isthmorrhagia. from gums,
stomatorrhagia gingivarum, ulorrhagia, ulorrhea.
fluid, employed by intravenous injection as a
from kidney, nephremorrhagia, nephrorrhagia. from
hemostatic in hemophilia, purpura, hemoptysis, liver, hepatorrlmgia. from lungs, pneumorrhagia,
and other hemorrhages. hemoptysis, from mouth, stomatorrhagia, hsmorrha-
gia ons. from nose, epistaxis, hemorrhinia, nosebleed,
hemopleuropneumonic syndiome (hem'o-plu'ro- rhinorrhagia, hsemorrnagia narium, stalaxis narium.
nu-mon'ik sin'drom). Hemoptysis, sudden dys- from; penis, stymatorrhagia, stymatosis, urethrorrha-
pnea, moderate tachycardia, and a fever, with gia, phallorrhagia. from rectum, hsemorrhagia proc-
tica. from skin, hematidrosis, hematopedesis, hemo-
tubular breathing over the middle zone of the diapedesis, diapedesis. from stomach, gastrorrhagia,
chest and dullness at the base, indicating a. hematemesis, black vomit, from ureter, ureterorrha-
pneumonia combined with hemothorax ih cases gia. from urethra, urethrorrbagia. from uterus,
metrorrhagia, menorrhagia, hematysteria. from
of punctured wounds of the chest. vagina, colporrhagia. iiom vulva, episiorrhagia.
hemopneumothoraz, hsemopneumothorax (hem"o- into abdomen, hematocelia, hemoperitoneum. into
nu"mo-tho'raks) [G. haima, blood, -t- pneuma, brain, encephalorrhagia, hematencephalon, cerebral
apoplexy, into eye, hematopsia, hemophthalmia.
air, -I- thorax.'\ Accumulation of air and blood into joint, hemarthrosis. into mediastintmi, hemo-
in the pleural cavity. mediastinum. into medullary cavity of bone, hemat-
hemopoie'sis. Hematopoiesis. osteon. into ^ pericardium, hemopericardium. into
peritoneal, cavity, hematocelia, hematocele, hemoperi-
hemopoietin (hem-o-poy'e-tin). Hematopoietin. toneum. into pleural cavi^, hemothorax. into
hemoprecip'itin. A
precipitin acting upon the scrotum, hematoscheocele. into seminal passages,
red blood-corpuscles. hematospermia. into skin, petechia, vibex (pi. vibices)
ecchymosis, purpura, into spinal canal, hematorrha-
Hemoproteus, Hsemoproteus (hem-o-pro'te-us) [G. chis. into spinal cord, hematomyelia, hEemorrhagia
haima, blood, +
Proteus, a sea-god who had the spinalis, spinal apoplexy, myelapoplexia, hemator-
power of assuming different shapes.] Laverania rhachis^ interne mto tympanum, hematotympanum.
into urinary passages, hematuria, hematuresis. into
danilevsky: a subgenus of Plasmodium, the pro- uterus, hematometra, hemotelytrometra, hemometrec-
tozoan parasite of bird malaria; the sextial tasia, hematotrachelos (cervix uteri), into vagina,
cycle is completed in the body of a mosquito hematocolpos. slight, stillicidium sanguinis, hypor-
rhagia, hematozemia, hemorrhea. tendency to, hemo-
of the genus Culex (or Stegomyiaf). philia,' hemorrhagic diathesis.
hemop'sonin, hsemop'sonin. An opsonin which
activates the phagocytes in relation to red blood- hemorrhagenic (hem-6-rS,-jen'ik) [G. haimor-
corpuscles, erythrocytopsonin, hemotropin. rhagia, hemorrhage, + genesis, production.]
hemoptysis, haemoptysis (hem-op'ti-sis) [G. haima, Causing hemorrhage.
blood, + ptysis, a spitting.] Bleeding from the hemorrhagic (hem-6-raj'ik). Relating to or marked
lungs or bronchial tubes, parasit'ic h., caused by by hemorrhage, h. disease' of the newborn',
tKe presence in the lungs of the lung fluke, Paro- a tendency to spontaneous hemorrhages from the
gonimus wesiermanni. umbilicus or mucous membranes or into the skin,
hemoquinine (hem-o-kwi'ntn, hem-o-kwin-en', hem- occurring as a temporary condition in the newborn.
o-kwin'in). Trade name of a liquid preparation hemor'rhagxn. A cytotoxin occurring in the venom
said to contain the peptonates of iron, manganese, of the rattlesnake and certain other serpents
and quinine, and sodium arsenate; dose, 3 1-2 which causes hemorrhages and extravasation
(4.0-8.0). of blood by its solvent action upon the capillar}'
hemore'nal salt index. See under index. endothelium.
hemorrhage, haemorrhage (hem'6-rej) [G. haima, hemorrhagiparous (hem-8-rS,-jip'a,-rus) [G. hai-
blood, + -rhagia.] Bleeding, a flow of blood, espe- morrhagia, hemorrhage, -1- L. parere, to pro-
cially if it is very profuse, acciden'tal h., h. oc- duce.] Hemorrhagenic.
curring during labor from detachment of a hem"orrhaphil'ia, h£em"orrhaphil'ia. Hemophilia.
normally situated placenta, distinguished from hemorrhe'a, hsemorrhce'a [G. haima, blood, -I- rhoia,
the unavoidable h. of placenta prsevia. bron'chial a flow.] Hemorrhage.
h., hemoptysis, cer'ebral h., apoplexy, con- hem'orrhoid, hsem'orrhoid [G. haima, blood, -I-
cealed' h., internal h. gas'tric h., hematemesis. rhoos, a flux.] One of the tumors or varices
h. per rhex'in, h. due to the rupture of a blood- constituting piles or hemorrhoids.*
vessel, inter'nal h., bleeding into one of the hemorrhoidal (hem-or-roy'dal) i. Relating to
.

organs or cavities of the body, intes'tinal h., hemorrhoids. 2. Noting certain arteries sup-
enterorrhagia, melena. intrapar'tum h., h. oc- plying the region of the anus; see arteria
curring duriiig childbirth, na'sal h., epistaxis. hemoyrhoidalis.
paTenchy'matous h., an escape of blood into the hemorrhoi(iectomy ((hem"or-roy-dek'to-mI) [G. ekto-
substance of an organ, pete'chial h., capillary mi, excision.] A cutting operation for hemor-
h. into the skin, forming petechias, postpar'tum rhoids.
h., h. occurring during the third stage of labor or
hemorrhoids, haemorrhoids (hem'6-roydz). Piles, a
within the first twenty-four hours of the puer- varicose condition' of the external hemorrhoidal
perium. pul'monary h., hemoptysis, re'nal h., veins causing painful swellings at the anus. When
hematuria, sec'ondary h., h. occurring at a more the dilated veins form tumors to the outer side of
or less considerable interval after an injury or an the external sphincter, the condition is called
operation, se'rous h., profuse transudation of external hemorrhoids; when the swollen veins are

plasma through the walls of the capillaries, as in

beneath the mucous membrane within the
serous diarrhea, unavoid'able h., h. occurring sphincter it is internal hemorrhoids.
during labor in cases of placenta praevia, dis-
hemosal'pinx, hasmosal'pinx. Hematosalpinx, an
tinguished from accidental h. accumulation of blood in a Fallopian tube
hem'oscope. Hematoscope.
arrest of, hemostasia, hemostasis. causing, hemor- hemosid'erin [G. haima, blood, + sideros, iron.] An
rhagenic, hemorrhagiparous. checking, styptic, hemo- iron-containing substance resulting from the
static, anthemorrhagic, epistatic, hematischetic, staltic. splitting-up of hematin during the phagocytic
 ;

HEMOSIDERIN 444 HENRY

digestion of the effete erythrocytes it is probably
; hemozo'in. The black pigment, occurring in the
composed of hydrated ferrous oxide in combina- form of minute granules, in the cytoplasm of the
tion with protein. hemoprotozoa.
hemosidero'sis. Hemochromatosis, the deposit of hemozo'on, hasmozo'on [G. haima, blood, -I- zoon,
hemosiderin in the liver and in other organs and animal.] Hematozoon.
tissues. hemp [A.S. henep.] An herbaceous plant of the
hemoso'zic. Relating to a hemosozin; protective genus Cannabis. Cana'dian h., apocynum.
of the red blood-corpuscles. In'dian h., Cannabis indica.
hemoso'zin [G. haima, blood. + sozo, I preserve.] hemp'seed. Fructus cannabis, an oily seed, similar
Antihemolysin an antiserum which prevents
; in some respects to linseed, and sometimes used,
hemolysis. like the latter, in poultices.
hemospa'sia, haemospa'sia [G. haima, blood, + hen'bane. Hyoscyamus.
spasis, a pulling.] i .Blood derivation as effected Hen'ke's space [Wilhelm Henke, German anatom-
by Junod's boots, Bier's hyperemic method, or ist, 1 834— 1 896. ] A space, filled with connective
cupping. 2. Leeching, blood-letting. tissue, between the vertebral column and the
hem'ospast. An appliance for cupping. pharynx and esophagus. H.'s tri'gone, a triangu-
hemospas'tic. Relating to the drawing of blood lar space immediately above and external to
cupping, or leeching. the pubic spine, formed by the outer edge of
hemospermia (hem-o-spur'm!-ah) [G. haima, blood, the rectus abdominis muscle and the inguinal
+ sperma, seed.] The presence of blood in the furrow.
seminal fluid. It is called h. spuria when the ad- Hen'le's ampul'la [Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle,
mixture with blood occurs in the prostatic urethra German anatomist, 1809-1885.] A dilatation of
h. vera when the bleeding is from the seminal ves- the vas deferens a short distance above the ejacu-
icles. latory duct. H.'s band, fibers of the anterior
Hemospo'rea. Haemosporea. aponeurosis of the transversalis abdominis which
Hemosporid'ia. Haemosporidia. sometimes pass behind the rectus below the semi-
hemosporid'ium. Plasmodium, a blood-parasite of lunar fold of Douglas. H.'s cells, large granular
the order Hcemosporidia. cells with small nuclei in the tubuli seminiferi.
hemosta'sia, hasmosta'sia [G. haima, blood, -f- stasis, H.'s fenes'trated mem'brane, the layer of elastic
a standing.] i. The arrest of bleeding. 2. The fibers of the tunica intima of an artery. H.'s
arrest of the circulation in the blood-vessels of a fi'brin, fibrin formed in the spermatic fluid
part. 3. Stagnation of blood. on admixture with water. H.'s fis'sures, minute
hemos'tasin. Trade name of a suprarenal ex- spaces filled with connective tissue between the
tract. muscular fasciculi of the heart. H.'s glands,
hemos'tasis. Hemostasia. tubular glands in the palpebral conjunctiva.
bem'ostat. i. Any agent which arrests, chemically H.'s layer, the outer layer of cells of the inner
or mechanically, the flow of blood from an open root-sheath of the hair-follicle. H.'s lig'ament,
vessel. 2. An instrument for arresting hemor- the inner portion of the conjoined tendon in cases
rhage by compression of the bleeding vessel. in which this structure is divisible into two parts.
hemostat'ic. i. Arresting the flow of blood within H.'s loop, the reversal of direction of the urinif-
the vessels. 2. Arresting hemorrhage, styptic. erous tubule near the apex of a medullary
hemos'tatin. Trade name of tribromphenate of pyramid of the kidney. H.'s memTirane,
bismuth, or bismuth tribromphenol, employed Bruch 's membrane, lamina* basalis. H.'s reac'-
as a hemostatic and in the treatment of cholera, tion, dark brown staining of the medullary cells
in doses of gr. 5-8 (0.3-0.5). of the adrenal bodies when treated with the salts
hemostyp'tic [G. haima, blood, + styptikos, astrin- of chromium, the cortical cells remaining un-
gent.] Noting an agent which stops bleeding by stained. H.'s sheath, endoneurium. H.'s spine,
reason of its astringent properties; chemically spina supra meatum, a small bony prominence
hemostatic. anterior to the supramastoid fossa, at the upper
hemotachometer (hem-o-tak-om'e-ter) [G. haima, and posterior border of the bony meatus audito-
blood, -I- tachos, swiftness, + metron, measure.] rius. H.'s tuTjules, the straight portions of the
Vierordt's* h., an instrument for measuring the uriniferous tubules which form H.'s loop, dis-
rapidity of the flow of blood in the arteries. tinguished as the descending and ascending
hemotherapeutics (hem"o-ther-ah-pu'tiks) [G. haima, tubules of Henle.
blood, +iherapeuiike, medical practice.] The use hen'na. The leaves of Egyptian privet, Lawsonia
of blood (either transfusion from a human or inermis, used as a cosmetic and hair-dye.
drinking the blood of animals) in the treatment of Hennebert's sign (en-bair') [Hennebert, Belgian
disease. otologist, contemporary.] Pneumatic sign; in
hemotho'rax, haemotho'rax [G. haima, blood, + cases of heredosyphilitic labyrinthitis, compres-
thorax."] An effusion of blood into the pleural sion of the air in the external auditory canal
cavity. causes a slow horizontal movement of the eyes
hemothy'mia [G. haima, blood, + thymos, desire, to the side of the lesion, while rarefaction of the
anger.] Aninsane impulse to murder. air in this canal causes a movement to the side
hemotox'ic, haemotox'ic. 1. Causing blood-poison- opposite the lesion.
ing. Hemolytic.
2. Hen'och's pur'pura [Eduard Henoch, Berlin pedi-
hamotox'in [G. haima, blood, -t- toxin."] Hemolysin. atrist, 1820-1910.] An infectious disease of
hemotrop'ic [G. haima, "blood, + tropos, a turning. ] childhood, marked by erythema, urticaria,
Noting the process of the attraction of phagocytes purpura, gastroenteric disturbances, and some-
toward foreign erythrocytes, and also hemotro- times arthritis.
pin, the substance effecting this action. henpu'ye [native term on the Gold Coast meaning
hemot'ropin [G, haima, blood, -I- tropos, a turn, "dog-nose."] Goundou.
direction.] Hemopsonin, erythrocytopsonin. hen'ry [after Joseph Henry, American physicist,
hemotym'panum. The presence of blood in the 1 797-1878.] A unit denoting the self-induction
middle ear. in a circuit when the inducing current varies at
HENRY 445 HEPATOMA
the rate of i ampfere a second, the electromotive hepaticotomy (he-p3.-1i-kot'o-nxl) \hepatic(duct) +
force induced being i volt. G. tome, incision.] Incision into the hepatic duct.
Hen'ry's law [William Henry, English manu- hep'atin. Glycogen.
facturer and chemist, 1774-1836.] The amount hep'atism [G. hepar(hepai-), liver.] The consti-
of gas which can be dissolved in a given quantity tutional effects of chronic liver disorder.
of water varies with the pressure; by doubling
hepatitis (hep-S-ti' te')tis). Inflammation of the
the presstire twice as much gas passes into liver, acute' parenchy'matous h., acute yellow
solution.
atrophy of the liver.* chron'ic intersti't al h.,
Hen'sen's canal' [Victor Hensen, German physiolo-
Ductus reuniens, a vertical canal
cirrhosis of the liver, h exter'na, perihepatitis.
gist, *i83S.]
joining the first part of the cochlear canal with the
hep'atized. Changed in consistence to that of
the liver, noting specifically the consolidated
saccule. H.'s cell, one of the supporting cells in
Ing tissue in pneumonia.
the organ of Corti, immediately to the outer side
hepatization (he-pat-i-za'shun) [G. heparQiepat-),
of the cells of Deiters. H.'s disc, H.'s line. H.'s
duct, ductus reuniens, H.'s canal. H.'s knot, a
liver.] The conversion A loose tissue into
of
knob-like thickening, the first part to appear, a firm mass like the substance of the liver;
of the primitive streak. H.'s line, the light noting especially such a change in the lungs in
line in the middle of the dark band of a sarco-
the consolidation of pneumonia, gray h., the
mere. H.'s stripe, a band of apparently dif- second stage of h. in pneumonia, when the exudate
is beginning to degenerate prior to breaking down,
ferentiated structure on the under surface of the
membrana tectoria of the organ of Corti. the color is a yellowish gray or mottled, red h., the
first stage of h. in which the exudate is blood-
Hen'sing's lig'ament [Friedrich Wilhelm Hensing,
German anatomist, 1719-1745.] The left superior stained, yel'low h., the final stage of h. in which
colic ligament, a small serous horizontal or
the exudate is becoming purulent.
oblique fold sometimes found extending between hepato- [G. heparQiepat-), liver.] A prefix denoting
the upper end of the descending colon and the liver.
abdominal wall. hepatocele (he-pat'o-sel) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, +
he'par, gen. he'patis [G.] 1. The liver. 2. An old kele, hernia.] Hernia of the Ever, protrusion of
term for a. brown or liver-colored compound of part of the liver through the abdominal wall or
sulphiu: with a metal h. sul'phuris, potassa the diaphragm.
sulphurata. h. sul'phtu'is cal'careum, impure hepatocholangio-enterostomy (hep"a-to-ko-lan"ji-o-
calcium sulphide (calx* sulphurata) triturated en-ter-os'to-mJ) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + chole,
with sugar of milk, employed in homeopathic bile, +
angeion, vessel, -j- enteron, intestine, H-
therapeutics in boils, pustular eruptions, quinsy, sioma, mouth.] Hepaticoenterostomy.
etc., in the 6th to 30th potency. hepatocirrhosis (hep"a-to-sI-ro'sis) {G. heparQiepat-),
hepar'aden [G. hepar, liver, -f- aden, gland.] A liver.] Cirrhosis of the liver.
trituration of dried calves' liver with sugar of hepatocys'tic [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -I- kystis,
milk, suggested for the treatment of icterus. bladder.] Relating to the gall-bladder, or to
hepital'gia [G. hepar (hepai-), liver, + algos, pain.] both liver and gall-bladder.
Pain in the liver, hepatodynia. hep"atoduodenos'tomy. Hepaticoduodenostomy.
hepatargy (he-pat'ar-jl) [G. heparQiepai-), liver, + hepatodyn'ia [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + odyne,
argia, laziness.] Hepatic insufficiency, imperfect pain.] Hepatalgia, pain in the liver.
functioning of the liver. hepatoenteric (hep"S-to-en-ter'Jk) [G. heparihepat-),
hepatatrophia, hepatatrophy (he-pat-S-tro'fil-ah, hep- liver, -I- enteron, intestine.] Relating to the liver
a-tat'ro-fl) [G. heparihepat-), liver, -I- atrophia, and the intestine.
atrophy.] Atrophy of the liver. hep"atogas'tric [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -t- gaster
hepatauxe (hep'at-awk'se) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, stomach.] Relating to the liver and the
(gastr-),
-I- auxl, enlargement.] Hypertrophy or en- stomach.
largement of the liver. hepatogenic, hepatogenous (hep-S-to-jen'ik, hep-S-
hepatec'tomy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, ekiome,+ toj'en-us) [G. heparihepat-), liver, -{- gennao, I
excision.] Surgical removal of part of the produce.] Of hepatic origin; formed in the liver.
liver. hepatog'raphy [G. heparihepat-), liver, + graphe, a.
hepat'ic [G. hepaiikos.] Relating to the liver. writing.] A treatise on the liver.
hepaticodochotomy (he-pat"I-ko-do-kot'o-mK). Com- hepatohemia, hepatohsmia (hep"a.-to-he'mI-ah) [G.
bined choledochotomy and hepaticotomy. heparQiepat-), liver, + haima, blood.] Congestion
hepaticoduodenostomy (he-pat"i-ko-du"o-de-nos'to- of the liver.
ml) [G. hepaiikos, hepatic, + L. duodenum + G. hep'atolith [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -1- lithos, stone.]
stoma, mouth.] The establishment of artificial Abiliary calculus; concretion in the liver sub-
communication between the hepatic duct and the stance.
duodenum. hep"atoUthec'tomy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + lithos,
hepatico enterostomy (he-pat"i-ko-en-ter-os'to-ml) stone, + ektom.e, excision,] Operative removal
[G. hepatikos, hepatic, + enteron, intestine, -I- of a calculus from the liver.
stoma, mouth.] Establishment of an artificial hepatolithiasis (hep-4-to-lith-i'a-sis) [G. hepar
communication between the hepatic duct and the Qiepat-), liver, -f- lithiasis, presence of a calculus.]
intestine. "The presence of a concretion or concretions in the
hepaticolithotripsy (he-pat"i-ko-lith'o-trip-sI) [G. liver, calculous disease of the liver.
hepatikos, hepatic, +lithos, stone, +
tripsis, a hepatol'ogist. One skilled in a knowledge of the
rubbing.] The crushing of a biliary calculus in the diseases of the liver.
hepatic duct. hepatol'ogy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -logia.] +
The
hepaficopul'monary. Hepatopulmonary, hepato- branch of medical science treating especially of
pneumonic.'*' the liver.
hepaticos'tomy [G. hepaiikos, hepatic, + stoma, hepatolysin (hep-4-tol'i-sin). A cytolysin specific
mouth.] The operative establishment of a for the cells of the liver.
permanent opening into the hepatic duct. hepatoma (hep-S-to'mah) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, +
 ;

HEPATOMA 446 HEREDOTUBERCULOSIS

-oma.] A tumor, especially one of beginning paresis of the arm muscles, in pen-makers,
by
malignancy, of the liver. and others whose occupatioa com-
file-forgers,
hepatomalacia (hep"S-to-mal-a'sI-ah) [G. hepar pels the making of rapid strokes with a hammer
(hepai-), liver, + malakia, softness.] Softening throughout the working hours.
of the liver. Hepp'tine [Maurice Hepp, Parisian physician, con-
hepatomegalia, hepatomegaly (h6"pS,-to-mg- temporary.] Trade name of gastric juice ob-
gah'H-ah, hS"pa-to-meg'a-ll) [G. hepar(,hepat-), tained from the living hog; recommended in
liver, + megas(jnegal-), large.] Enlargement dyspepsia.
of the liver, megalohepatia. heptachromic (hep"tah-kro'inik) [G. hepta, seven, +
hep"atomelano'sis [G. hepar(hepai-), liver, + melas, chroma, color.] Able to distinguish the seven
black.] Deep pigmentation of the liver. colors of the spectrum; having normal color vision.
hepatoneph'ric [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + nephros, hep'tad [G. hepta, seven.] A septivalent chemical
kidney.] Relating to the liver and the kidney. element or radical.
hepatop'athy [G. hepar (klpat-), liver, + pathos, heptagonus (hep-tag'o-nus) [G. hepta, seven, +
suffering.] A disease of the liver. gonia, angle.] Heptagon, a seven-cornered
hepatoperitonitis (h e p"5-t o-p e r"I-t o-n i'(ne')tis). h. Willis'ii, circle of Willis, circulus
figure,
Perihepatitis. arteriosus [BNA].
hep'atopexy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + plxis, heptane (hep'tan) [G. hepta, seven.] A parafiine
fixation.] The anchoring of a movable liver to having seven atoms of carbon, CyHig; a mobile,
the abdominal wall. colorless liquid obtained from petroleum and
hepatophag, hepatophage (hep'S-to-f ag, hep'S-to-f aj) from pine resin.
[G. heparQiepat-), liver, + phago, I eat.] A heptatomic (hep"t4-tom'ik) [G. hepta, seven, -f-
phagocyte which attacks the cells of the liver. atomos, atom.] Septivalent.
hep"atophlebot'omy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + heptavalent (hep-tav'a-lent) [G. hepta, seven, L. +
phleps(phleb-), vein, +
tome, incision.] With- valere, to have power.] Heptatomic, septivalent.*
drawal of blood by aspiration from the liver. herb (urb, hurb) [L. herba.] A plant the stem of
hep"atophy'ina [G. heparQiepat-), liver, phyma, + which does not become woody like that of a shrub
a boil.] Abscess of the liver, or tree.
hep"atopor'tal [G. he par (he pat-), liver.] Relating herbaceous (hur-ba'shyus) [L. herba, grass.] Noting
to the portal system of the liver. a plant which has no woody stem or trunk and
hep"atopto'sia, hepatopto'sis [G. heparQiepat-), which dies completely, or down to the roots, at
liver, +
ptosis, a falling.] Downward displace- the end of each season.
ment of the liver. her'bage. i. Vegetation. 2. The succulent parts,
hepatopneumonic (hep"3,-to-nu-mon'ik) [G. hepar the leaves and smaller stems, of a plant.
Qiepat-), liver, -{- pneumonikos, pulmonary.] Her'bert's opera'tion [J. Frederick Herbert, Philadel-
Relating to the liver and the lungs. phia oculist, *i86o.] An operation for obtaining
hepatopul'monaiy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + L. a filtering cicatrix in glaucoma by cutting and
pulmo, lung.] Hepaticopulmonary, hepatipneu- displacing, without removing, a wedge-shaped
monic* scleral flap.
hepatore'nal [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -f- L. renalis, herbivorous (hur-biVo-rus) [L. herba, herb, -I-

renal.] Hepatonephric. vorare, to eat.] Feeding on herbs or vegetables,

hepator'rhaphy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + rhaphe, vegetarian.
a suture.] Suture of a wound of the liver. Herbst's cor'puscles (hairpst) [Ernst Fiiedrich Gustav
hep"atorrhe'a, hep"atorrhoe'a [G. heparQiepat-), Herbst, German anatomist, 1803-^893.] Tactile
liver, -1- rhoia, a flow.] Cholorrhea. corpuscles, resembling Pacinian corpuscles, but
hep"atorrhex'is [G. heparQiepat-), liver, rhexis, + much smaller, found in birds.
rupture.] Rupture of the liver. hered'itaiy [L. herediiarius ; heresQiered-), an heir.]
hepatos'copy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -f- skopeo, I Transmitted from parent to offspring.
examine.] Examination of the liver. heredita'tion. The influence of heredity.
hepatos'tomy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, stoma, + hered'ity [L. hereditas; heresQiered-), an heir.] The
mouth.] The establishment of a fissure into the trarismission of characters from parent to off-
liver. spring, cross h., the occurrence of one disease in
hep"atother'apy [G. hepar Qiepai-), liver, -I- therapeia, a parent and of a different, but allied, disease in
treatment.] i. Treatment of disease of the liver. the child, as epilepsy in one generation and
2. The therapeutic use of liver extract or of the migraine in the other, knight's-move form of h.,
raw substance of the liver. the inheritance of sex-limited diseases which affect
hepatothrombin (hep"a-to-throm'bin). Leuco throm- only one sex but are transmitted by the other sex
bin derived from the liver. as hemophilia, attacking only the sons but in-
hepatot'omy [Gj. hepar (hepat-), liver, + tome, in- herited through the mothers.
cision.] Incision into the liver substance. heredo- [L. heresQiered-), an heir.] A prefix noting
hepatotoxemia, hepatotozeemia (hep"4-toitoks-e'- heredity.
'

ml-ah) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + toxikon, poison, her"edoataz'ia. Friedreich's ataxia, hereditary
-H haima, blood.] Autointoxication assumed to ataxia.*
be due to improper functioning of the liver. heredolues (her"e-do-lu'es) Heredosyphilis.
.

hep"atotox'in. A cytotoxiu specific for the liver heredoluetic (her"e-do-lu-et'ik) Hereditarily

.

cells. syphilitic.
Hepatozo'on pemicio'sum. A protozoan parasite her"edosyph'ilis. Syphilis acquired by the fetus in
belonging to the Haimogregarina, which multiplies utero.
in the liver cells of rats and causes a rapidly fatal heredosyphilitic (her"e-do-sif-il-it'ik). Hereditar-
disease. ily or congenitally syphilitic.
hephestic, hephasstic (he-fes'tik) [G. Hephaistos, the heredosyphilol'ogy. Science in its application to
God of fire, Vulcan of the Romans.] Relating to hereditary syphilis.
ix blacksmith, noting especially h. hemiple'gia, her'edotuberculo'sis. Tuberculosis which is as-
smith's spasm, an occupation neurosis, marked sumed to be inherited.
 —:

HERING'S PHENOMENON 447 HERNIA

Her'ing's phenom'enou [H. E. Bering, Austrian cer'ebral h., h. cerebri, the escape of brain sub-
physician, *i866.] A
faint continuous murmur stance through an artificial opening in the skull.
heard, for a short time after death, when the cru'ral h., femoral h. diaphragmat'ic h., the
stethoscope is placed over the lower end of the passage of a loop of intestine through the dia-
stemvun; thought to be due to the blood-current phragm; it is called a true h., when there is a sac
caused by the contracting arteries. of peritoneum and pleura, false when the intestine
Her'ing's test [Ewald Hering, German physicist, passes through a defect in the diaphragm and lies
1834-1918.] One looks through an apparatus free in the thoracic cavity; diaphragmatocele.
having at the farther fend a thread and a little epigas'tric h., the escape of a loop of intestine
ball; if binocular vision is present the observer through a muscular rent in the upper portion of
is able to tell whether the ball is in front of or the abdomen, fem'oral h., the escape of a
behind the thread, with monocular vision this knuckle of intestine through the femoral canal.
is not possible. H.'s the'ory of color-blindness glu'teal h., sciatic h. h. antevesica'lis, a h.'in the
there are three visual substances in the retina subperitoneal tissues, projecting inward from the
blue-yellow, red-green, and white-black, by the internal inguinal ring. h. duode"nojejuna'lis, a
chemical reactions of which color-perception is h. in the fossa lying between the duodenojejunal
effected, the absence of one of these substances fiexure and a crescentic fold of peritoneum, h.
results in inability to perceive the colors or shades en bissac', properitoneal inguinal h. h. ili'aco-
by the reaction of which they are sensed. subfascia'lis, a h. the sac of which passes through
Hering-Semon hypoth'esis (ha'ring-za'mon) [see the iliac fascia and lies in the iliac fossa in contact
Semon-Hering.'i Mnemic* hypothesis. with the iliacus muscle, h. inter'na vagina'lis
testic'uli, a h. the pouch of which is subperitoneal,
heritage (her'i-tej) [old F. see heredity.] The
total of all the characters inherited by the the testicle and vaginal pouch not having de-
individual. scended through the inguinal canal, h. intersig-
moid'ea, one into the intersigmoid fossa on the
Hermann's (her'mahn) [Friedrich Hermann,
fluid
under surface of the root of the mesosigmoid near
German anatomist, *i859.] A hardening fluid
the inner -border of the psoas magnnis muscle, h.
of glacial acetic acid 4, 2 per cent, aqueous solu-
intraepiplo'ica, a coil of intestine incarcerated in an
tion of osmic acid 8, i per cent, aqueous solution
omental sac. h. intraili'aca, a h. in the subperito-
of platinum chloride 60.
neal tissues projecting outward from the internal
hermaph'rodism. Hermaphroditism.
inguinal ring. h. intrapel'vica, one projecting
hermaphrodite (hur-maf'ro-dit) [G. Hermaphro- downward, in the subperitoneal tissues, from the
ditos, the son of Hermes, Mercury, -|- Aphrodite,
internal inguinal ring. h. ligamen'ti u'teri la'ti,
Venus, who became merged in one with a water a coil of intestine contained in a pouch projecting
nymph.] Androgyne, a person whose genital into the substance of the broad ligament, h.
organs have the characters of both male and
retropu'bica, a h. projecting downward, in the
female in greater or less degree.
subperitoneal tissues, from the internal inguinal
hermaphrod'itism. The condition of being an incar'cerated h., obstructed h., one in
ring,
hermaphrodite; the seeming occurrence of both which the passage of feces through the protruding
male and female generative organs in the same loop of intestine is arrested, the blood current in
individual, dimid'iate h., lateral h. fe'male h., its walls being, however, maintained, in'fantile
h. in which the female characters predominate. h., a form in which an intestinal loop descends
lat'eral h,, a form in which male organs are ap-
behind the ttmica vaginalis, having, therefore,
parently present on one side and female organs three peritoneal layers in front of it. in'guinal h.,
on the other, male h., h. in which the male h. of the intestine at the inguinal region a direct
;

characteristics predominate, transverse' h., a inguinal h. passes directly through the abdominal
form in which the external organs are apparently wall at the location of the internal abdominal
male and the internal female, or vice versa. ring; an indirect inguinal h. passes through the
unilat'eral h., h. in which the doubling of sex
inguinal canal. in"guinocni'ral h., in"guinofein'-
characteristics occurs, only on one side. oral h., a bilocular or double hernia, both inguinal
hermetic (hur-met'ik) [G. Hermes, Mercury, also and (more or less completely) femoral. in"guino-
Thoth, the Egyptian god, revealer of esoteric properitone'al h., properitoneal inguinal h.
doctrines.] Air-tight. H. art, alchemy, chem- intersti'tial h., one in which the knuckle of intes-
istry. H. med'icine, alchemical, iatrochem- tine is between any two of the layers of the
ical,* spagiric, or Paracelsian medicine. abdominal wall, irredu'cible h., one in which
hennet'ically. In an air-tight manner, noting a adhesions have formed preventing reduction of
vessel closed or sealed in such a way that air the intestinal loop without operation, ob'turator
can neither enter it nor issue from it. h., gluteal h., protrusion of a loop of bowel
hermophen'yl. Merouriosodium phenoldisulpho- through the obturator canal, paraperitone'al h.,
nate; a white powder, said to contain 40 per a vesical h., in which only a part of the protruded
cent, of metallic mercury; recommended as a organ is covered by the peritoneum of the sac.
bactericide and in the treatment of syphilis, in pari'etal h., Richter's h., one in which only a
hypodermic doses of gr. J (0.02). portion of the wall of the intestine is engaged.
hernia (hur'ni-ah) [L. rupture.] Rupture; the pro- properitone'al in'guinal h., h. en bissac, a com-
trusion of an organ or part of an organ or other plicated h. having a double sac, one pari in the
structure through the wall of the cavity normally inguinal canal, the other projecting from the
containing it. A
hernia is qualified by the name of internal inguinal ring in the subperitoneal tissues.
the protruding part, as cerebral h., vesical h., ret'rograde h., w-hemia the central loop of Which
etc.; of the cavity from which it escapes, as lies in the abdominal cavity, sciat'ic h., gluteal
abdominal h.; of the structure or part through h., ischiocele, enterischiocele, protrusion of intes-
. which it passes, as diaphragmatic h., inguinal h.; tine through the great sacrosciatic foramen, sli'-
and finally sometimes of another cavity which re- ding h., slipped h., a h. of the cecum or sigmoid in
. ceives it, as scrotal h. or labial h. .Earth's h., B4- which a portion of the bowel is outside the femoral
clard's h., Burkett's h., etc., see the proper names. or inguinal sac. stran'gulated h., one which is
HERNIA 448 HERYNG'S SIGN

both irreducible and incarcerated and in which the plex of the lips, occurring often in pneumonia and
blood circulation is also arrested, gangrene occur- other fevers, h. genita'lis, h. simplex of the
ring unless speedy relief is afforded, imibil'ical h,, penis or vulva, h. gestatio'nis, a pemphigoid
one in which bowel or omentum protrudes through eruption, usually associated with neurotic symp-
the abdominal wall under the skin at the umbilicus. toms, occurring sometimes in pregnancy and
ven'tral h., escape of a loop of intestine through the disappearing spontaneously during the puer-
abdominal wall at any point other than the perium. h. i'rls, erjrthema iris. h. labia'lls, h.
normal rings or canals or umbilicus, w-her'nia, of the lips, cold sore, fever blister, the usual
double-loop hernia, the presence of two loops of localization of h. facialis, h. phlyctseno'des,
intestine in a hernial sac. dermatitis herpetiformis, h. preputia'lis, h. simplex
of the prepjice. h. progenita'lis, h. simplex of the
abdominal^ laparocele, epigastrqcele (upper part), genitals, h. sim'plex, an affection marked by the
hypogastrocele (lower part), paromphaloceie (central
part), anal, hedtocele. bladder, cystocele, hernia occurrence of one or more deep vesicles- on the
cystica, cerebral, hernia cerebri, hernia cephalica, vermilion border of the lips or at the external
exencephalocele, cephalocele, fungus cerebri, dia-
phragmatic, diaphragmatocele. esophagus, pharyngo-
nares (fe. facialis), or on the glans, prepuce, or
cele. fatty, lipocele, steatocele, hernia adiposa, vulva (h. progeniialis). h. ton'surans, tinea
femoral, femorocele, merocele. heart, cardiocele, tonsurans, h. yeg'etans, pemphigus vegetans.
hernia cordis, incomplete inguinal, bubonocele.
h. zos'ter [G. zoster, girdle], zona, zoster, shingles,
intestine, enterocele. kidney, nephrocele, liver, hep-
atocele. lung, pneumonocele. membranes of bram an marked by, an eruption of herpetic
affection
or spinal cord, meningocele, obturator, oodeocele. vesicleson one half of the body along the line of
omentum, epiplocele, hernia epiploica. operation, distribution of a cutaneous nerve; it occurs
hemiotomy, celotomy, kelotomy. perineal, mesos-
celocele, perineocele, pleural, pleurocele. pudendal, usually on the chest but may appear on the face
episiocele. rectum, proctocele, hedrocele. sciatic, or elsewhere burning, tingling, or severe neuralgic
;

ischocele, enterischiocele. science of, hemiography,

hemiology, kelology, celology. scrotal, oscheocele,
pains may accompany the eruption.
hemioschoncus. splenic, lienocele, splenocele, hfimia herpetic (hur-pef ik). Relating to or suffering from
lienalis. stomach, gastrocele. testicle, orchiocele. herpes.
umbilical, omphalocele, omphalexoche, exomphalos,
herpet'iform [herpes + L. forma, appearance.]
exomphalocele. uterus, hysterocele, metrocele.
Resembling herpes.
her'nia-knife. Hemiotome, a slender-bladed herpetism (hur'pe-tizm). A supposed diathesis,
knife, with short cutting edge, for dividing the described chiefly by French writers, regarded now
constricting tissues at the mouth of the hernial as the same as arthritism.
sac. Herpetom'onas [G. herpeton, a reptile, -t- monas,
her'nial. Relating to hernia. unit (one of the Monadidee).] A
genus of flagel-
her'niated. Suffering from hernia. lated infusorians some species of which are blood
herniation (hur-ni-a'shun) . The process of forma- parasites and believed to be pathogenic. The
tion of a protrusion. distinction between Herpetomonas and Leish-
hemioenterotomy (hur"nI-o-en-ter-ot'o-mi). Open- mania is not yet clearly drawn. H. donova'ni,
ing of the intestine following the reduction of a Leishmania donovani, the pathogenic protozoan
hernia. parasite of kala-azar, transmitted from man to
her'nioid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling man through a bedbug (Cimex rotundatus) H. .

hernia. infan'tum, the supposed pathogenic organism of

hemiolaparotomy, (hur"nl-o-lap-S-rot'o-niI). Open- infantile splenomegaly. H. mus'cse domes'ticte,
ing of the abdominal cavity following the reduc- the type species of H., found in the commori
tion of a hernia, in order to relieve a persisting house-fly. H. sarcoph'agse, a species found in
strangulation of the intestine. the flesh-fly, Sarcophaga hamorrhoidalis. H.
herniol'ogy. The branch of surgery treating espe- trop'ica, the supposed parasite of oriental sore.
dally of hernia. hersage (air-sazh') [Fr. (from L. hirpex) a harrow- ,

her'nioplasty [L. hernia + G. plasso, I form.] The ing.] Separating the individual fibers of a
radical operation for hernia/ nerve trunk.
hemiopuncture (hur-nl-o-pimk'chiir). Insertion of Herter's type of infan'tilism (hur'tur) [Christian
a hollow needle into a hernia in order to reduce Archibald Herter, American pathologist and phy-
the size of the tumor by withdrawing gas or siological chemist, 1865-1910.] Intestinal infan-
liquid. tilism.*
hemiotome (hur'ni-o-tom). Hernia-knife. Hertz'ian exper'iments [Heinrich Hertz, German
herniotomy (hur-nl-ot'o-ml). Operation for the physicist, 1857— 1894.] Experiments demon-
relief of hernia; celotomy, kelotomy. strating that electromagnetic induction is prop-
hero'ic [G. heroikos, relating to a hero.] Bold, daring, agated in waves, analogous to waves of light
noting treatment which if it does not relieve but not affecting the retina.
may increase the danger. Herxheimer's fibers (herks'hi-mer) [Karl Herx-
heroine (her'o-en). Diacetyl-morphine, an artificial heimer, German dermatologist, *i86i.] Minute
alkaloid prepared by heating morphine with sjSiral fibrils described by H. in the stratimi
acetyl chloride; the hydrochloride is employed mucosum of the skin. H.'s reaction, an inflamma-
in medicine, see diacetylmorphina. tory reaction in syphilitic tissues (skin, mucous
Heroph'ilus's wine-press [Herophilus, Greek phy- membrane, nervous system, or viscera) induced
sician of Alexandria, 335-280 B.C.] Torcular in certain cases by specific treatment with salvar-
Herophili, confiuens* sinuum. san, mercury, or cacodylates; believed to be due
herpes (hur'pSz) [G. herpes; herpo, I creep.] An to irritation of the treponema by an insufficient
enuption of deep-seated vesicles on an erythemat- dose of the remedy, hence to be indicative of a
ous base; the term embraces two distinct affec- failure to cure.
tions: h. simplex and h. zoster, b. circina'tus Her'yng's sign [Th^odor Heryng, Warsaw laryngol-
bullo'sus, dermatitis herpetiformis, h. cor'nese, ogist, *i847.] Absence of illumination of the
herpetic keratitis.* h. des'quamans, tinea imbri- orbit when an electric light is placed in the
cata. h. facia'lis, see h. simplex, h. farino'sus, mouth, in case of empyema or tumor of the
tinea imbricata. h. febri'lis, cold sore, h. sim- antrum of Highmore.
HESCHL'S GYRUL 449 HETEROLALIA

Heschl's gy'rus (hesh'l) Gyrus temporalis trans- heterochromosome (het"er-o-kro'mo-sam) [G. heteros,
versus. other + chroma, color + soma, body.] AUosome.
hesperidium (hes-per-idl-um) [the golden apple of heterochromous (het-er-ok'ro-mus). Having an
Hesperides.] In botany a many-celled berry with abnormal difference in coloration.
thick wall, such as the orange. heterochronia (het-er-o-kro'nl-ah) [G. heteros, dif-
Hesselbach's her'nia (hes'el-bahkh) [Franz Kaspar ferent, -I- chronos, time.] The origin or develop-
Hesselbach, German surgeon, 1759-1816.] Fem- ment of tissues or organs at an unusual time or
oral hernia with diverticula through the cribri- out of the regular sequence, as the development
form fascia, presenting a lobular outline. H.'s of embryonal tissue after birth.
lig'ament, ligamentum interfoveale, a band of heterochronic (het"er-o-kron'ik) . Heterochronous.
fibers extending from the transversalis fascia to heterochronous (het-er-ok'ro-nus) Heterochronic, .

the pubic spine at the insertion of Gimbemat's relating to heterochronia; referring especially to
ligament. H.'s tri'angle, a triangular area on teratomata composed of tissue occurring in a
the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal given locality at a time when it should not nor-
wall,bounded by Poupart's ligament, the epigas- mally be found there.
tric artery, and the border of the rectus ab- heterochylia (het-er-o-ki'll-ah) [G. heteros, different,
dominis muscle; direct inguinal, hernia occurs +chylos, juice.] An apparently idiopathic
at this point. change in the character of the gastric juice.
heteradel'phus [G. heteros, other, adelphos, + heterocinesia (het-er-o-sin-e'sJ-ah) [G. heteros, other,
brother.] A
twin monster in which the very -I- kinesis, movement.] Executing movements
incomplete parasite is attached to the ventral the re'^ferse of those the patient is told to make.
aspect of the autosite. heteroclad'ic [G. heteros, different, -t- klados, a
heteradenia (het"er-a.-de'nl-ah) [G. heteros, other, + twig.] Noting an anastomosis between branches
aden, gland.] A
condition in which a gland is of different arterial trunks, as distinguished from
abnormally located, though possibly otherwise homocladic.
normal. heterocri'sis [G. heteros, different.] An irregular
heterade'mc. Relating to or marked by hetera- one occurring at an abnormal time or with
crisis,
denia. imusual symptoms.
hetera'lius [G. heteros, other, H- halios, useless.] heterocyclic (het"er-o-si'klik) [G. heteros, other, +
A twin monster in which the parasite is so un- kyklos, circle.] Noting a closed-chain* compound
developed as to be scarcely recognizable as such, in which the ring contains atoms of more than one
and to exist as little more than an excrescence element; see carbocyclic and isocyclic.
on the ventral surface of the autosite. heterodermic (het-er-o-dur'mik) [G. heteros, other,
heterax'ial [G. heteros, different, + axts.l Having + derma, skin.] Relating to another's skin,
mutually perpendicular axes of unequal length- noting the method of skin-grafting in which the
heterecious, heteroecious (het-er-e'shyus) [G. heteros- grafts are taken from the skin of another per-
different, -t- oikion, house.] Having more than son, dermatoheteroplasty.
one host, said of a parasite passing different heferodont [G. heteros, different, -I- odous(pdont-),
stages of its existence in different animals. tooth.] Having teeth of varying shapes, such
heterecism, heteroecism (het'er-e-sizm) [G. heteros, as those of man and the majority of mamnaals;
another, 4- oikion, house.] The occurrence, in a opposed to homodont.
parasite, of two cycles of existence, passed in two heterod'ymus [G. heteros, different, + didymos,
different hosts. twin.] A twin monster in which the incomplete
heteresthesia (het-er-es-the'zi-ah) [G. heteros, parasite, consisting only of head and neck, is
other, +
aisthesis, sensation.] A
change occur- attached to the anterior surface of the autosite.
ring in the degree (either plus or minus) of the heteroe'cious.
Heterecious.
sensory response to a cutaneous stimulus as the heterogangUon'ic. Relating to, connecting, or asso-
latter crosses a certain line on the surface. ciated with, ganglia in different locations.
hetero- [G. heteros, other, different. ] A prefix de- heterogeneous (het"er-o-je'ne-us). Composed of
noting a difference or a departure from the elements or parts of various and dissimilar char-
normal or usual type, acteristics or nature.
heteroagglu'tinin. An agglutinin formed as the heterogenesis (het-er-o-jen'e-sis) [G. heteros, dif-
result of the injection of an antigen derived from ferent, + genesis, production.] i. The pro-
an animal of a different species; distinguished duction of offspring unlike the parents. ^.
from isoaggluiinin. Spontaneous generation, aliogenesis.
heteroalbumose (het"er-o-al'bu-moz). An albu- heterogenet'ic. Relating to heterogenesis.
mose insoluble in water, but soluble in acid, alka- heterog'onous. Marked by heterogony.
line, and saline solutions, heterog'ony [G. heteros, other, + gonos, generation.]
heteroalbumosu'iia [G. ouron, urine.] The excre- In botany, the condition in which different in-
tion of heteroalbumose in the urine. dividuals of the same species have styles and
ieteroblas'tic [G. heteros, other, -I- blastos, germ.] stamens of different lengths, the stigma
Originating from tissue of another kind; distin- being in some cases above the tops of the anthers,
guished from homoblastic. in others below them.
heterocell'ular. Formed of cells of different kinds. heteroinfection (het"er-o-in-fek'shun). Infection by
heterocen'tric [G. heteros, different, -I- hentron, a virus originating outside the body, as distin-
center.] Having different centers, noting rays guished from autoinfection.
which do not meet at a common focus. heteroinoculation (het"er-o-in-ok-u-la'shun). Inoc-
heterochiral (het-er-o-ki'ral) [G. heteros, other, -(- ulation with virus originating outside the body;
cheir, hand.] Relating to or referred to the other distinguished from autoinoculation.
hand. hetferointoxica'tion. Poisoning by a substance intro-
heterochromia (het-er-o-kro'ml-ah) [G. heteros, duced from without the body, as distinguished
other, + chroma, color.] A difference in colora- from autointoxication.
tion in two structures or two parts of the same hef'erola'Ua [G. heteros, different, -t- lalia, speech.]
structure which are normally alike in color. The habitual substitution of meaningless or in-
HETEROLALIA 45° HETEROTOPIC

appropriate words for those intended; a form of er-of'e-mJ) [G heteros, .other, + pheme, a speech.]
aphasia. Heterolalia.
heterolat'eral [G. heieros, other, +
L. latus, side.] heteropho'nia [G. heteros, different, + phone, voice.]
On, or relating to, the opposite side. i. The change of voice at puberty. 2. Any
+ L. litem, letter.] abnormality in the voice-sounds.
heterolit'eral [G. heieros, different,
heteropho'ria [G. heieros, different, + phora, move-
Relating to stammering or the substitution of
ment.] A tendency of one eye to deviate in one
one letter for another in the pronunciation of
or another direction in consequence of imperfect
certain words.
balance of the ocular muscles dynamic, latent, or
;

heterol'ogous [G. heieros, different, + logos, relation.]

suppressed squint.
I. Composed of tissue or cells not normal to the
heterophthal'mus [G. heteros, other, -t- ophihalmos,
part, said of certain new growths. 2. Derived

from an animal of another species, said of sera.

eye.] A difference in the appearance of the two
eyes, usually due to heterochromia of one or
heteroi'ogy. A
departure from the normal in
both of the irides.
structure, arrangement, or mode or time of
heterophthongia (het-er-of-thon'ji-ah) [G. heteros,
development. different, +phthongos, the voice.] Heterophonia.
heterol'ysin. Any formed in response to the
lysin heterophyll'ous [G. heteros, other, + phyllon, leaf.]
introduction an antigen derived from an
of In botany, noting a plant with foliage leaves of
animal of another species; distinguished from different forms.
homolysin and auiolysin, heteroplasia (het-er-o-pla'sl-ah) [G. heieros, other, +
heterolysis (het-er-ol'i-sis) [G. heieros, other, lysis, + plasis, a forming.] The production of an organ
a loosening.] Digestion of one kind of cell or of or tissue where it does not normally belong.
protein derived from it by the enzyme of another heteroplas'tic. 1. Relating to heteroplasia. 2.
cell, usually a leucocyte. Relating to heteroplasty.
heterolyt'ic. Relating to heterolysis or a heterol- heteroplas'tid. The tissue employed as a graft in
ysin. heteroplasty.
Heteromastigida (het-er-o-mas-tij'l-dah) [G. heieros, heteroplasty (het'er-o-plas-t!) [G. heieros, different,
different, + masiix{masiig-), whip.] An order + plasso, I form.] Surgical grafting with
of Zoomasiigophora, embracing those forms which tissue derived from another individual or from
have two or more differentiated flagella, an one of the lower animals.
anterior one used for locomotion, and one or heteroproteose (het-er-o-pro'te-5z). A primary
more posterior ones used for other purposes. proteose insoluble in water, but soluble in a 0.5
heteromastigote (het-er-o-mas'ti-got) [G. hetercs, to i.o per cent, solution of some neutral salt; it
different. ] A mastigote having two flagella, one resembles native protein more than peptone.
anterior and one posterior. heteropsia (het-er-op'sl-ah) [G. heieros, different, +
heteromer'ic [G. heieros, different, + meros, part.] opsis, vision.] Inequality of vision in the two
I. Having a different chemical composition, -j. eyes.
Noting spinal neurons which have processes heteropsychological (het"er-o-si-ko-loj'I-kal) [G.
passing over to the opposite side of the cord. heieros, other, -I- psyche, soul, Relat-
-I- -logia.}
heteTom'eTous. Heteromeric. ing to ideas developed from without or derived
heterom'eral. Heteromeric (2). from another's consciousness.
heterometaplasia (het"er-o-met-&-pla'zI-ah) [G. heterop'tics [G. heieros, different, + optikos, optic]
heieros, different, +
ineiaplasia.'] Tissue trans- Seeing things that are not, or the misinterpreta-
formation resulting in the production of a tissue tion of what is seen perverted vision.
;

foreign to the part where produced. het'eroscope [G. heieros, different, +

shaped, I see.]
heterometro'pia. A
condition in which the degree An apparatus for determining the range of vision
of refraction is unlike in the two eyes. of a strabismic eye.
heteromorpho'sis [G. heieros, different, morphosis, + heteros'copy. The determination of the range of
a moulding.] The development of one tissue vision of the eyes in strabismus.
from a tissue of another kind or type. heterosexuality (het"er-o-seks-u-al'I-ti). Erotic at-
heteromor'phous [G. heieros, different, + morphe, traction toward one of the opposite sex.
shape.] Differing from the normal type. heteros'porous [G. heieros, other, + sforos, seed.]
heteronomous (het-er-on'o-mus) [G. heieros, dif- Having two kinds of asexually produced spores,
ferent, + nomas, law.] Different from the type; microspores and macrospores.
abnormal. heterosty'lism. Heterogony.
heteronymous (het-er-on'i-mus) [G. heleronymos, heterotax'ia [G. heteros, different, + taxis, arrange-
having a. different name.] Having different ment.] Abnormal arrangement of organs or
names or expressed in different terms, h. parts ofthe body in relation to each other.
diplo'pia, see diplopia. heterotaz'ic. Relating to heterotaxia, abnormally-
heterop'agus [G. heieros, different, + pagos, fixed.] placed or arranged.
A twin monster in which the imperfectly devel- heterotax'is, het'erotaxy. Heterotaxia.
oped parasite, having, however, a head and rudi- heterother'apy [G. heteros, different, +
therapeia,
mentary extremities, is attached to the ventral treatment.] Treatment of a disease by remedies
portion of the autosite. the action of which is antagonistic to the most,
heteropancreatism (het"er-o-pan'kre-a,-tizm) [G. prominent symptoms of that disorder.
heteros, other, pancreatism. ]
-t- condition inA heteroto'nia [G. heieros, different, -1- ionos, tension.]'
which the functioning of the pancreas is irregu- Abnormality or variation in tension or tonus.
lar, the pressure and amounts of the several heteroto'pia [G. heieros, other, -I- topos, place.]
ferments showing no constancy. A displacement of parts, local heterology;
heterop'athy [G. heteros, other, -I- pathos, suffering.] specifically (i) the occurrence of masses of gray
Allopathy. matter of the brain or spinal cord in abnormal
heterophasia (het-er-o-fa'zl-ah) [G. heteros, other, + situations, or (2) the presence of any cell in a part
phasis, speech.] Heterolalia. from which it is normally absent.
heterophemla, heterophemy (het-er-o-fe'ml-ah, het- heterotop'ic. Relating to heterotopia, misplaced.
HETEROTOPOL. 4SI HEXONE BAS]

heterotopouB (het-er-ot'o-pus) Heterotopic, re-

. hexabromdioxydiphenylcarbinol (heks'a-brom-
ferring especially to teratomata composed of oks'i-di-fen'il-kar'bin-ol). A compound of c
tissues which are out of place in the region where sols with halogens introduced as a disinfectant
found. Ehrlich; it is said to be non-poisonous but 2
heterotox'in. A toxin introduced into the body times more powerful as a germicide than phen
from without. hez'ad [G. hexas, the number six.] A sexivale
heterotoz'ic. Relating to heterotoxis or a hetero- element or radical.
toxin. hezadactylism (heks"ah-dak'ti-lizm) [G. hex, s
heterotoz'is. Heterointoxication. -I- daktylos, finger.] The presence of six fingi
Heterotrichida (het"er-o-trik'!-dah) [G. heieros, dif- or six toes on one or both hands or feet.
ferent, +
thrix{trich-), hair.] An order of Ciliaia hezalet (heks'S,-let) .Trade name of sulpl
in which there is an adoral zone of membranelles salicylic hexamethylene tetramin, recommend
formed of fused cilia. as a urinary antiseptic in doses of 15 grains thi
heterotrichosis (het"er-o-tri-ko'sis) [G. heteros, or four times a day.
other, + trichosis, growth of hair.] Variegation hezam'ecol. Trade name of a compound of gu
in the hair of the scalp or other parts of the body. acol and hexamethylene-tetramine, reeo
heterotrophia (het"er-o-tro'fI-ah) [G. heteros, dif- mended as an external application for the re]
ferent, -I- iro^A^, nourishment.] 1. An unusual or of the pains of dry pleurisy and in pruritis.
abnormal mode of obtaining nourishment. 2. hezamethylenamina (heks-am-eth"il-en-ah-m
Perverted nutrition. nah). (U.S.). Hexamethylenamine, a c(
heterotroph'ic [G. heteros, another, +
trophe, nourish- densation product obtained by the action
ment.] Noting bacteria and other low forms of ammonia upon formaldehyde, C6H]2N4; occi
plant life which are unable to form protein and in the form of colorless, odorless crystals, so
carbohydrates, as -the green plants are, from ble at room temperature in ij parts of wat
inorganic carbon and nitrogen; distinguished urinary antiseptic in doses of gr. 3—10 (0. 2— o;
from autotrophic.* called also hexamethylene tetramine, form
heterot'rophy. Heterotrophia. ammonioform, urotropin, cystogen, uritone, c
heterotro'pia, heterot'ropy [G. heteros, different, -(- tamine, ammonioformaldehyde.
trope, turn.] Strabismus. hexamethylenamine (heks-a-meth"il-e-nani'e
heterotyp'ic, heterotyp'ical [G. heteros, other, + Hexamethylenamina. h. brometh'ylate,
typos, form.] Of a different or unusual type or ineth"ylenecit'rate, h. sal'icylate, etc., see unc
form. h. divis'ion, the first of the two divisions of hexamethylene tetramine.
a maturing sex-cell during which reduction of the hezanieth"ylene diam'ine. A ptomaine fr(
chromosomes occurs. putrefying flesh.
heterozanthine (het"er-o-zan'thin). Methyl-xau- hexameth'ylene tetram'ine. Hexamethylenamii
thine, C6H6N4O2, one of the alloxturic bases found h. t. brometh'ylate, bromalin, bromalium, bron
in the urine in gout. formin, bromethylformin, a colorless crystall:
heterozoic (het-er-o-zo'ik) [G. heteros, other, + powder or scales; a substitute for potassit
zoikos, relatingto an animal.] Relating to bromide in dose of gr. 30—60 (2,0—4.0). h.t. car
another animal or another species of animal. phorate, amphotropin, a light, white, crystall
heterozygosis (hefer-o-zi-go'sis) The produc- . powder, soluble in ten parts of water, emploj
tion of hybrids by the union of unlike gametes; in bacteriuria, cystitis, pyelitis, and nephritis
cross-breeding. doses of gr. 7i— 15 (0.5-1.0) three times a day. h
heterozygote (het-er-o-zi'got) [G. heteros, other, + lod'ofonn, iodoformin, a fine whitish powd
zygotes, yoked.] i. An individual containing turning yellowish on exposure to the air;.deco
both allelomorphs and producing germ-cells posed by water, liberating iodoform, h. t. met]
bearing one and the other respectively, being, ylenecit'rate, helmitol, citramine, urotropin n«
therefore, hybrid in respect of that pair of a white crystalline powder soluble in 10 parts
allelomorphio characters. 2. A
zygote produced water; urinary antiseptic in doses of gr. 5-
by the union of two dissimilar gametes of differ- (0.3-1.0). h. t. resor'cinol, hetralin, occurs
ent stock. white needles soluble in 14 parts of water; reco
heterozygous (het"er-o-zi'gus). Relating to het- mended in gonorrheal cystitis in doses of
erozygosis; produced by unlike gametes; hybrid. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). h. t. sal'icylate, saliform
hetocre'sol. Metacresol cinnamate, cinnamyl- urotropin salicylate, a colorless crystalline pc
metacresol, a white crystalline powder, insol- der, soluble in water; uric-acid solvent and urinE
uble in water; recommended for local use in antiseptic in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). h,
tuberculosis of the bladder, in the form of i or tan'nin, tannon, tannopin, a brownish, tastel
2 per cent, suspension in saline solution. powder insoluble in water; employed in diarrl
he'toform. Bismuth cinnamate, used like hetol in in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3-1.0).
the treatment of tuberculosis. hexane (heks'an). A liquid hydrocarbon, CeHi4,
he'tol. Sodii cinnamas. the paraiiine series.
het'ralin. Hexamethylene tetramine resorcinol. Hezapoda (hex-ap'o-dah) [G. hex, six, + pc
hettocyrtosis (het-o-sur-to'sis) [G. hetton, less, -)- (pod-), foot.] Insects, animals with six feet,
kyrtosis, curvature.] A
minor degree of curva- three pairs of legs.
ture of the spine or of one of the long bones. hezatom'ic [G. hex, six, H- atomos, atom.] i. Ni
Heubner's disease' (hoyb'ner) (Johann Otto ing a chemical compound having six atoms.
Leonhardt Heubner, Berlin pediatrist, 1843— Noting a compound having six replaceable hydi
1912.] Syphilitic endarteritis obliterans of the gen or univalent atoms.
cerebral vessels. hexav'alent [G. hex, six, -I- L. valere, to have powe
heurteloup (hert-loo') [after the inventor M. Sexivalent.
Heurteloup, French surgeon, 1 793-1 864.] Artir hex'one ba'ses. Histidine, arginine, lysine, a:
ficial leech. other nitrogen-containing amino-acids resulti
hezaba'sic [G. hex, six, + basis, base.] Noting from the hydrolysis of protamines; they all cc
an acid having six replaceable hydrogen atoms. tain six carbon atoms; called also hislone basu
HEXOSE 4S2 HIGHLAND SPRINGS

hezose (heks'oz) [G. hex, six.] A monosaccharid [BNA], the anterior opening of Hunter's canal.
containing six carbon atoms in the molecule h. tendin'eus adducto'rius [BNA], femoral
(CeHijOj); dextrose and levulose are the two opening, an aperture in the tendon of insertion
principal hexoses. of the adductor minimus between the adductor
hex'yl [G. hex, six, + hyle, stuff.] A hypothetical tubercle and the upper part of the supracon-
radical, C,Hj„ occurring in a number of alcohols dylar ridge, through which pass the superficial
and other organic compounds. femoral vessels.
hezyl'amine. A ptomaine, C,Hi,N, found some- hiberaa'tion [L. hibernus, relating to winter.] A
times in cod-liver oil. torpid condition in which certain animals pass
Hey's her'nia (ha) [William Hey, English surgeon at the cold months.
Leeds, 1736— 1819.] Bilocular femoral hernia, hiccup, hiccough (htk'up). A
diaphragmatic spasm
one sac being in the canal, the other passing causing a sudden inhalation which is interrupted
through a defect in the superficial fascia and by a spasmodic closure of the glottis.
lying beneath the skin. H.'s inter'nal derange'- Hicks' sign [John Braxton Hicks, English gynecol-
ment, dislocation of the semilunar cartilages of ogist, 1825-1897.] A sign of pregnancy or of an
the knee-joint. H.'s lig'ament, the upper border, intrauterine tumor, consisting in rhythmical con-
or superior comu, of the s henous opening, tractions of the uterus.
immediately below Poupart's ligament in front hide'bound disease'. Diffuse symmetrical sclero-
of the anterior wall of the femor 1 sheath. H.'s derma.*
opera'tion, amputation of the foot immediately hidradenitis (hi-drad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. hidros, sweat,
in front of the tarsometatarsal joint. H.'s saw, -f- aden, gland, -f- -iiis.'] Inflammation of the
a narrow saw for use in bone operation. '
sweat-glands.
Heynsius's test (hin'se-oos) [Adrian Heynsius, hidradenoma (hi-drad-e-no'mah) [G. hidros, sweat.]
Dutch physician, 1831-1885,] For albumin in the Adenoma of the sweat-glands.
urine the urine is acidulated with acetic acid and
: hidroa (hi-dro'ah) [G. hidroa.] Sudamina,
then boiled with the addition of common salt; if miliaria.
albumin is present a white cloud will form. hidrocystoma (hi"dro-sis-to'mah) [G. hidros,
HF. Hydrofluoric acid. sweat, + bladder,
kystis, -oma.] A cystic
+
Hg. Chemical symbol of hydrargyrum, mercury. tumor developed from a sweat-gland.
HgCl]. Mercuric chloride, corrosive chloride, per- hidromancy (hi'dro-man-si) [G. hidros, sweat, +
chloride, or bichloride, of mercury; corrosive manteia, foretelling.] Prognosis founded upon
sublimate. the amount and character of the perspiration.
Hg^Clj. Mercurous chloride, mild chloride of bidropoiesis (hi-dro-poy-e'sis) [G. hidros, sweat, -1-
mercury, calomel. poiesis, formation.] The formation of sweat.
Hg.(HgO)2.S04. Basic mercuric sulphate, yellow hidropoiet'ic. Sudorific.
mercuric subsulphate, turpeth mineral. hidrorrhea (hi-dro-re'ah). Profuse sweating.
Hglj. Mercuric iodide, red iodide, or biniodide, of hidrosadenitis (hi"dros-ad-en-i'(e')tis). Hidradenitis.
mercury. hidroschesis (hi-dros'kes-is) [G. hidros, sweat, +
HgjI,. Mercurous iodide, yellow iodide of mercury. schesis, retention.] Suppression of the 'secre-
Hg(IlO,)2> Mercuric nitrate, pemitrate of mercury. tion of sweat.
HgO. Mercuric oxide, precipitated oxide of mer- hidro'sis [G. hidros, sweat.] Sweating, especially
cury, red oxide, or peroxide, of mercury, red pre- excessive sweating, hyperhidrosis, sudoresis.
cipitate. hidrot'ic. Relating to or causing hidrosis, sudorific.
HgjO* Mercurous oxide. hiemalis (hi-S-ma'lis) [L. hiems, winter.] Relating
HgS. Sulphide of mercury, cinnabar; vennllioa. to or occurring in winter.
HgSOf Normal mercuric sulphate. liieralgia (hi-er-al'ji-ah) [G. hieron. sacrum, -I- aZgOi,
HI. Hydriodic acid. pain.] Pain in the sacral region.
i. An aperture or
hiatus (hi-a'tus) [L. an aperture.] hi'era pic'ra [G. sacred bitters.] Pulvis aloes et
fissure, i. A
foramen. 3. Vulva, h. aor'ticus canellse (N.F.). This powder made into an
(BNA], aortic opening; the opening in the dia- electuary with honey was formerly called hiera
phragm bounded by the two crura, the vertebral logadii,
column, and the middle arcuate ligament, hieromania (hi-er-o-ma'ni-ah) [G. hieros, holy, +
through which pass the aorta, vena azygos mania, frenzy,] Religious insanity.
major, and thoracic duct. h. cana'lis facialis hierophobia (hi"er-o-fo'b!(-ah) [G. hieros, sacred, H-
IBNA], h. of facial canal, a slit-like opening in phobos, fear.] Morbid fear or awe of sacred
the superior (anterior) surface of the petrous things; a neurosis sometimes affecting priests
portion of the temporal bone leading into the upon attempting to perform their ritual duties.
facial or Fallopian canal, h. Fallo'pii, h. of Fal- hierother'apy [G. hieros, holy, + iherapeia, treat-
lopius, h. canalis facialis [BNA]. h. maxilla'ris ment.] Treatment of disease by prayer and
IBNA], maxillary hiatus, the opening into the religious practices.
antrum of Highmore on the nasal surface of high-blow'ing. A sound produced by the flapping
the superior maxilla, h. cesophage'us [BNA], of the nostrils of a horse when breathing rapidly;
esophageal opening; the opening in the dia- the larger, thinner, and more delicate the horse's
phragm, between the central tendon and the nostrils, the more easily can he make this noise
hiatus aorticus, through which pass the esoph- which is apparently voluntary; the soimd,
agus and the two pneumogastric nerves, rarely heard except at the canter or gallop, is
h. Bacra'lis[BNA], a gap at the lower end of the generally considered a sign of good wind and good
sacrum, exposing the spinal canal, due to failure breeding.
of the laminee of the last sacral segment to Highland Spring, Maine. Light alkaline-chalybeate
coalesce, h. semiluna'ris [BNA], semilunar waters. Used for table water. Summer season.
hiatus, a, deep, narrow groove in the external Highland Springs, California. Alkaline-saline-chal-
wall of the middle meatus of the nasal fossa, ybeate-carbonated waters, 60.4° F. and 77° P.
into which the antrum of Highmore and the About twenty springs. Used by drinking and
middle ethmoid cells open. h. tendin'eus bathing in gout, rheumatism, joint-affections.
HIGHLAND SPRINGS 4S3 HIPPOCRATIC

dyspepsia, neuralgia, disorders of the kidneys phenom'enon, see under phenomenon, h. phe-
and bladder, and in skin diseases. nom'enon, Joffroy's reflex.
High'more's an'trum [Nathaniel Highmore, English hip-bone. Os coxae.
anatomist, 1613-1685.] Sinus maxillaris. H.'s hip-joint. Articulatio coxae, coxa, articulation be-
bod'y, mediastinum* testis. tween the femur and the innominate bone.
highmoritis (hi"-mor-i'(e')t'.s). Inflammation of the hipped. In farriery, noting a horse with fracture
maxillary sinus, antritis, sinuitis maxillaris. at the point of the hip, caused by violence.
hik'ry pik'ry. Hiera picra. Hip'pel's disease'. Angiogliomatosis of the ret-
Hil'denbrand's disease' [Johann Valentin Hilden- ina, the occurrence in the retina of areas of
brand, Viennese physician, 1763— 1818.] Typhus proliferating capillaries and neuroglia.
fever. hippiater (hip-i-a'tur) [G. hippos, horse, -I- iatros,
Hil'liard's lu'pus. Lupus marginatus. physician.] One who treats the disorders of the
hil'lock. In anatomy, any small elevation or promi- horse or other domestic animals, veterinarian; a
nence, ax'on h., implantation cone. Doyftre's' farrier.
h., the slight prominence where a nerve-fiber hippiatria, hippiatrics (hip-i-at'rl-ah, hip-1-at'riks)
enters muscle, sem'inal h., coUiculus seminalis [G. hippos, horse, iaireia, medical treatment.]
-f-

[BNA]. Veterinary medicine specifically that branch deal-

;

Hil'ton'slaw [John Hilton, English surgeon, 1804- ing with the diseases of the horse.
1878.] The nerve supplying a joint supplies hippiat'ric. Veterinary.
also the muscles which move the joint and the hippiat'ry [G. hippos, horse, H- iaireia, medical
skin covering the articular insertion of those treatment.] Veterinary surgery.
muscles. H.'s meth'od, division of the nerves sup- hip'po. I. A Spanish name of ipecac. 2. An
plying the part, for the relief of pain in ulcers. African arrow-poison, probably some species
H.'s muscle, inferior arytenoepiglottideus, com- of Strychnos. wild h., white purslane, emetic
pressor sacculi laryngis muscle. H.'s sac, sac- root, the root of Euphorbia corollata, formerly
culus laryngis. employed as an emetic in doses of gr. 15—20
hi'lum [L. a small bit or trifle.] i. A
depression (1.0-1.3).
at the edge or on the surface of an organ where hip'pocamp. Hippocampus.
the vessels and nerves enter or leave; now hippocam'pal. Relating to the hippocampus.
usually called hilus [BNA]. 2. In botany, the hippocampus (hip-po-kam'pus) [G. hippocampus,
scar on a seed where it has broken off from its sea-horse.] [BNA] Hippocampus major,
placenta or stalk. 3. The pedicle of the flap in cornu Ammonis, an elevation on the floor
a plastic operation. of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle
hi'lus [a variant of hilum.] i. The part of an of the brain; it presents a long curve with
organ where the nerves and vessels enter and leave. convexity outward, terminating anteriorly in a
2. A depression or slit, resembling a, hilus, in thickened extremity, slightly notched on its
the olivary nucleus of the brain, h. li'enis
[BNA], a fissure on the gastric surface of the
—
surface pes or digitationes hippocampi; the ele-
vation corresponds to the bottom of the dentate
spleen, giving passage to the vessels and nerves fissure (fissura hippocampi), h. ma'jor, larger
of this gland, h. nu'clei denta'ti, the mouth of h., hippocampus [BNA]. h. mi'nor, smaller h.,
the flask-like dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, calcar avis [BNA].
directed upward and inward, and giving exit to hippocas'tanum [G. hippos, horse, -I- kasianon, chest-
many fibers which pass to the brachium con- nut.] Horse-chestnut, the bark and seed of
junctivum (superior cerebellar peduncle), h. Msculus hippocastanum; has been employed in
nu'clei oliva'ris [BNA], h. of the olivary nucleus, malaria in doses of 5 J (16.0) in decoction.
the mesial extremity of the inferior olivary Hippocrates's cap (hip-pok'ra-tez) [Hippocrates,
nucleus, h. pulmo'nis [BNA], a wedge-shaped Greek physician, called the "Father of Medicine,"
depression on the mediastinal surface of each bom in the island of Cos about 460 B.C., died in
lung, where the bronchus, blood-vessels, nerves, Larissa, Thessaly, about 377 B.C.] A roller
and lymphatics enter or leave the viscus. h. bandage for the head. H.'s cord, tendo Achillis.
rena'lis [BNA], the opening on the concave H.'s sleeve, a long, sleeve-like bag of flannel, used
border of the kidney through which pass the formerly by chemists and pharmacists as a filter-
vessels and nerves and which contains the apex or strainer.
of the renal pelvis. Hippocrat'ic. Relating to Hippocrates. H. face '

hind-brain. Metencephalon,* epencephalon. or fa'cies, pinched expression of the face, with

a.

Hindenlang's test (hin'den-lahng) [Karl Hinden- sunken eyes, hollow cheeks and temples, relaxed
lang, German physician, 1834-1884.] For lips, and leaden complexion, observed in one
albumin in the urine: a precipitate is formed on dying of cholera or after a long, exhausting illness.
the addition of metaphosphoric acid if albumin H. fin'gers, a bulbous enlargement of the terminal
is present. phalanges, with coarse, longitudinally curved
hindgut (hlnd'gut). Endgut, the last portion of the nails, seen in heart disease, phthisis, and other
primitive digestive tube in the embryo, forming affections in which there is defective hematosis.
the greater part of the ileimi and all of the large H. nails, the -coarse, curved nails capping the H.
intestine. fingers. H. oath, an oath demanded of the
hind-kid'ney. Metanephros young physician about to enter upon the practice,
hinge-joint. Ginglymus. of his profession, the composition of which is at-
HIO3. Iodic acid. tributed to Hippocrates; in it the neophyte
hip [A.S. hype.'\ The rounded lateral side of the swears to esteem his preceptor as a parent and
pelvis from the waist to the thigh; more strictly to share with him his livelihood, if necessary; to
the hip-joint, h. disease', morbus coxarius, give no deadly drug and not to commit abortion,
coxitis, any disease, especially chronic tuber- to keep inviolate the professional secret, not to
culosis, of the hip-jointi quiet h.-d., Legg's seduce any member of a household where he is
disease, Perthes' disease, osteochondritis de- called to visit the sick, and not to cut for the
formans juvenilis of the hip. h. flex'ion stone, leaving such work to the surgeon. H.
HIPPOCRATIC 454 HISTOGENAL

succus'sion, a splashing sound heard on auscul- from the salivary glands of the leech which has the
tation of the chest, in a, case of hydropneumo- property of preventing coagulation of the blood.
thorax or pyopneumothorax, when the patient's hirudo (hi-roo'do) [L. leech.] Leech, sanguisuga; a
body is shaken. blood-sucking aquatic worm, employed in medi-
hippoc'ratism. The imitation of Nature's efforts cine for the local abstraction of blood from
in the therapeutic management of disease. the capillaries.
hip'pol. Methylene-hippuric acid, occurring in the Hiru'do. A genus of Hirudinea, or leeches, fam.
form of colorless crystals; recommended as a Gnathobdellidas. The species most commonly
urinary antiseptic in doses of gr. 10—20 (o 6—1 .3). . used in medicine are: H. austra'lis, Australian
hip'polith [G. hippos, horse, + lithos, stone.] A leech; H. deco'ra, American leech; H. interrup'ta
concretion in the stomach of the horse. or H. trocti'na, a leech of Northern Africa; H.
liippology (hip-pol'o-ji) [G. hippos, horse, + medicina'Us, speckled, Swedish, or German leech,
-ology.\ Science relating to the horse; the the species in most general use H. afficina'lis, a ;

veterinary specialty of diseases of the horse. variety of the preceding; H. provincia'lis, the
Hippomane (hip-om'k-ne) [G. hippos, horse, + green or Hungarian leech. H. quinquestria'ia,
mania, frenzy.] A genus of plants of the order five-striped leech.
Euphorbiacea. H. mancinell'a, a West Indian His's band or bun'dle [WiUielm His, Jr., German
tree furnishing a poisonous resin, manchineel. clinician, *i863.] Atrioventricular bundle.* H.'s
bipp'urate. A salt of hippuric acid. spin'dle, a fusiform dilatation of the aorta imme-
hippu'ria. The presence of a large amount of hip- diately beyond the isthmus.
puric acid in the urine, as occurs sometimes in His's canal' or duct [Wilhelm His, German anat-
diabetes mellitus. omist, 1831— 1904. ] Ductus thyreoglossus. H.'s
hippu'ric [G. hippos, horse, + ouron, urine.] Rela- isth'mus, isthmus rhombencephali. H.'s retro-
ting to the urine of horses noting h. acid, an acid,
; lob'ular tubercle, a slight projection on the pos-
C9H9NO3, occurring normally in the urine of the tero-inferior portion of the pinna. H.'s rule,
horse and other herbivorous animals it is found ; the duration of pregnancy is to be reckoned from
in human urine sometimes, especially in cases of the first day of the first omitted menstrual period.
diabetes mellitus. H.'s spa'ces, the perivascular lymph-spaces in the
hip'pus [G. hippos, horse, from a fancied suggestion pal mater. H.'s zones, longitudinal bands de-
of galloping movements.] Spasmodic move- veloping from the lateral portions of the medullary
ments of the iris, iridodonesis. respi'ratory h., tube in the embryo.
dilatation of the pupils occurring during inspira- Hiss's methods [Philip Hanson Hiss, New York
tion, and contraction during expiration; it is bacteriologist, 1868-1913.] For demonstrating
often associated with pulsus paradoxus. the capsules of microorganisms
•
i. A satu- :

hip-shot. A term applied to a horse that is de- rated alcoholic solution of fuchsin or gentian
formed from fracture of the haunch. violet, s, in water, 95, is poured on the dried
hip-sick'ness. Mai de caderas. cover-glass preparation and heated, and is then
hircfsmus (hur-siz'mus) [L. hircus, goat.] Of- washed off with a 20 per cent, sohition of copper
fensive odor of the axilla. sulphate, i. The fixed specimen is covered for
hir'cus, gen. and pi. hir'ci CL. he-goat.] i. The a few seconds with gentian-violet solution and
odor of the axillae, a. {SNA] One of the hairs then washed cff with a 0.25 per cent, solution of
growing in the axillae. 3. Tragus. potassium carbonate.
Hirsch'berg's fe'hdle reac'tion [Leonard Keene histaffine (his'ta-fen) [G. histos, tissue, + L. affinis,
Hirschberg, Baltimore physician, *i877.] An related.] A hypothetical substance in the blood in
infectious, febrile disease, suggesting atypical trypanosomiasis and in syphilis, which is assumed
typhoid fever, but not due to Bacillus typhosus, to bind up certain constituents of the normal and
B. coli, or B' paraiyphosus. The fever lasts specifically pathological tissues.
about three weeks, recovery being the rule; there histamine (hist-ara'en) Beta-iminazolylethy-
.

are no rose spots, no hemorrhages, no spleno- 1 amine, a depressor substance formed during the

megaly, no relapses, and no diarrhea unless milk catabolism of histidin.

is freely taken. H.'s re'flex, tickling the sole 01 his'tenzyme. Histozyme
the foot at the base of the great toe is followed by his'tidine. One of the hexone bases produced by
adduction of the foot. the hydrolysis of proteins, CoHgNsOs.
Hirschberg's meth'od (hersh'berg) [Julius Hirsch- histiogeuic (his"tJ-o-jen'ik) Histogenous.
berg, German oculist, *i843.] A method of histioid (his'tl-oyd) [G. histion, tissue, + eidos,
measuring the amount of deviation of a strabismic appearance.] Resembling in superficial appear-
eye, by observing the reflection of a candle from ance or structure one of the tissues of the body;
the cornea. histoid.
Hirschfeld's disease' (hersh'felt) [Felix Hirschfeld, histioirritative (his"tI-0-ir1-ta-tiv). Irritative to
German physician, *i86o.] Acute diabetes connective tissue.
mellitus. histio'ma [G histion, tissue, + -oma.] Histoma.
Hirsch'felder's tuber'cuUn [Joseph Oakland Hirsch- histion'ic [G. histion, tissue.] Relating to any
felder, American pathologist, *r854.] See under tissue.
Tuberculin. histochemistry (his-to-kem'is-tri) [G. histos, tissue.]
Hirsch'spning's disease' [Harold Hirschsprung, Chemistry of the tissues.
Copenhagen physician, 1830— 1916.] Habitual histodial'ysis [G. histos, tissue, -f dialysis, a break-
young children due to enormous
con,stipation of ing up. ] Disintegration of the tissues histolysis. ;

congenital hypertrophy and dilatation of the histofluorescence (his-to-flu-or-es'ens) [G. histos,

lower portion of the colon. tissue.] Fluorescence of the tissues under ex-
hirsute (hur-suf) [L. hirsuius, shaggy.] Hairy; posure to the x-rays following the injection
having coarse, long hairs. of a solution of quinine or other fluorescent
hirsuties (hur-su'te-ez). The presence of an unusual substance.
amount of hair, or of hair in unusual locations. his'togenal. Trade name of a preparation said to
hir'udin TT^. hirudo. leech.l A substance extracted be a combination nf TmrlpimV ae^^i^ -arii-u r.^.^:..^^
HISTOGENAL 455 HODARA'S DISEASE

methylarsenate recommended in the treatment sporozoon regarded by Feinberg as pathogenic

of tuberculosis. for cancer.
histogen'esis [G. kistos, tissue, +
genesis, origin.] histother'apy [G. histos, tissue, + therapeia, treat-
The origin of a tissue the formation and develop-
; ment.] The employment of animal tissues in
ment of the tissues of the body; histogeny. therapeutics; organotherapy, cytotherapy.
histogenet'ic. Relating to histogenesis. histothrombin (his-to-throm'bin). A thrombin de-
rived from connective tissue.
histogenous (his-toj'en-us) [G histos, tissue, + his'totome [G. histos, tissue, + tome, cut.] Micro-
-genes, producing.] Formed by the tissues, as
the histogenous cells in an exudate arising from tome.
proliferation of the fixed tissue cells. histot'omy. Section cutting, microtomy.
histotroph'ic [G. histos, tissue, -I- trophe, a briiiging
histogeny (his-toj'en-e). Histogenesis.
up.] Relating to or favoring the formation of
histohem'atin, histohsem'atin. A
pigment, related tissue.
to hemoglobin, found in various tissues.
histotrop'ic [G. histos, tissue, -1- tropikos, turning.]
histohematogenous (his"to-hem-a-toj'en-us). Aris- Attracted toward the tissues, noting certain
ing both from the tissues and from the blood, parasites, stains, and chemical compounds.
noting certain cells in the inflammatory exudate histozo'ic [G, histos, tissue, -f zoikos, relating to an
which may partly migrate from the blood-vessels animal.] Living in the tissues outside of a
and partly arise from proliferation of the fixed body, noting certain parasitic protozoa.
cell
tissue elements. histozyme (his'to-zim) [G. histos, tissue, + zymos,
his'toid [G. kistos, tissue, + eidos, appearance.] ferment.] An enzyme occurring in renal' tissue
I. Resembling in structure one of the tissues of which hydrolyzes hippuric acid into benzoic acid
the body. ^. Composed of, or developed from, and glycocol.
a single tissue and not a complex structure; histrion'ic [L. histrio, an actor.] Dramatic, theat-
noting certain tumors such as fibroma and rical,h. ma'nia, insanity characterized by the
myoma. See organoid (2). occurrence of dramatic gestures, speech, and
histol'ogy [G. histos, tissue, + -hgia.] Microscopi- facial expressions, h. spasm, facial spasm.
cal anatomy; the branch of anatomy which deals his'trionism. Histrionic mania.
with the cells and the minute structure of the Hittorf tube (hit'orf) [Johann Wilhelm Hittorf,
tissues and organs., German physicist, 1824— 1914.] Crookes' tube.
histolysis [G. histos, tissue, -I- lysis, solution.] Dis- Hitzig's girdle (hit'tsig) [Eduard Hitzig, German
integration of tissue. psychiatrist, I868-I90'7.] An analgetic zone at
histo'ma [G. histos, tumor, -oma.'] +
Histioma, the level of the mammae, in the region supplied
tissue-tumor, a neoplasm formed of one or by the third to sixth dorsal nerves, observed
other variety of tissue atypically arranged. in beginning tables dorsalis.
histometaplastic (his"to-met-ah-plas'tik). Exciting hives. Urticaria. The term has also been popu-
tissue metaplasia. larly applied to various other skin diseases, as the
histomorphol'ogy [G. histos, tissue, -I- morphS, red-gum of infants, to diarrhea, and to laryngitis.
shape, + -logia.] Histology. HI. Abbreviation for latent hyperopia.
his'ton, his'tone [G. histos, web, tissue.] simple A Hm. Abbreviation for manifest hyperopia
protein, derived from the decomposition of white HKOj. Nitrous acid,
blood-corpuscles, the action of which retards HHOj. Nitric acid.
coagulation; it yields on hydrolysis a, number of Ho. Chemical symbol of holmium.
(chiefly basic) amidoacids, the histone bases, or H2O. Water, or hydrone, the fundamental unit
hexone* bases. of "water.
histon'omy [G. histos, tissue, +
nomos, law.] The HjOj. Hydrogen peroxide.
law of the development and structure of the hoangnan (ho-ang-nan') [Chinese.] The bark of
tissues of the body. Strychnos malaccenis or 5. galthieriana; it contains
histonu'ria. The excretion of histone in the urine, both the alkaloids of nux vomica; has been em-
occurring in certain fevers and in leucemia. ployed in the treatment of leprosy and scrofula in
histopathol'ogy. Pathological histology, the his- doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3).
tology of altered or diseased tissues. hoar'hound [A.S. hdr hiine.] Horehound, marru-
histophysiology (his"to-flz-I-ol'o-jI). The physiology bium.*
or study of the functions of the cells and tissues in hoarse [A.S. has.] Having a rough, harsh voice.
health. hoarseness (hors'nes). An unnaturally deep and
Histoplas'ma [G. histos, tissue, +
plasma, a. thing harsh quality of the voice.
formed.] A genus of protozoan parasites; so Hochsinger'a phenom'enon (hskh'zing-er) [Karl
far as known, it contains only one species, H. Hochsinger, Viennese pediatrist, 'iSbo.] Pres-
capsulatum, found at autopsy in the endothelial sure to the inner side of the biceps muscle causes
cells of the lung, spleen, liver, and bone-marrow, closure of the fist in tetany.
in patients dying after symptoms of spleno- hock [see hough.] 1. The ham, the posterior aspect
megaly, leucopenia, emaciation, and an irregular, of the knee. a. The tarsus in the horse and
remittent temperature. other quadrupeds; the joint of the hind leg
histoplasmo'sis. A
disease resembling kala-azar, between the knee and the fetlock see cut under
;

characterized by irregular fever, emaciation, horse, capped h., (i) synovial c. h., a fluctuating
splenomegaly, and leucopenia; it is due to infec- swelling on both sides of the hock in the horse;
tion by a flagellate protozoan parasite, Histo- it causes lameness and sometimes results in caries

plasma capsulatum. of the OS calcis; (2) serous c. h., an inflamed and

his'tosan. Trade name of compound of guaiacol distended bursa over the gastrocnemius intemus
and albumin, a brownish powder insoluble in the tendon in the horse, cur'by h., curb, spring
gastric juice but soluble in the intestine; used, h., see spring*-hock.
like guaiacol, in tuberculosis in doses of gr. 4-8 Hodara's disease' (ho-dah'rah) [Menahem Hodara,
(0.25-0.5). Constantinople physician, contemporary.] Trich-
Histosporid'ium carcinomato'sum. An intracellular orrhexis nodosa.
 HODEGETICS 4S6 HOLTHOUSE'S HERNIA

hodegetics (hod-e-jet'iks) [G. hodegetikos, suitable 18 16-1905.] An indistinct furrow or wrinkle

for guiding.] Ethics, etiquette. in the groin, passing outward between the ante-
Hodge's for'ceps [Hugh Lenox Hodge, Philadelphia rior superior spine of the ilium and the great
gynecologist, 1796-1873.] A form of obstetrical trochanter, indicating the position of the capsule
forceps (see cut under forceps). H.'s pess'ary, a of the hip-joint.
double-curve oblong pessary employed for the hol'gin. Trade name of an antiseptic solution of
correction of retrodeviations of the uterus. menthol and formaldehyde in alcohol.
Hodgkin's disease' (hoj'kin) [Thomas Hodgkin, holl'ow-back. Lordosis.
English physician, 1797— 1866.] A disease marked hoU'ow-hom, A general disease in cattle, marked
by chronic inflammatory enlargement of the by leanness, scurvy coat, coarse hair, irregular
lymph nodes, first the cervical and then the appetite, and general debility.
, axillary, inguinal, mediastinal, mesenteric, etc. Holm'grto's test [Alarik Frithiof Holmgrin, Swedish
'
. together with enlargement of the spleen, and physiologist in Upsala, 1831-1897.] test for A
'
often of the liver and kidneys, with lymphoid in- color-blindness by having the subject pick out
! filtration along the blood-vessels; there is no and match variously colored skeins of worsted.
I pronounced leucocytosis. Called also pseudo- holmium (hol'ml-um) [after G. Holm, a Swedish
leucemia, anemia lymphatica, lymphosarcoma, geologist.] A very rare element, symbol Ho,
lymphadenoma, and malignant lymphoma. atomic weight 163.5.
Hodgson's disease' (hoj'son) [Joseph Hodgson, holoacardius (ho"lo-a-kar'dI-us) [G. holos, complete,
English physician, 1788-1869.] Dilatation of 4- o- priv. + kardia, heart.] i. A monster hav-
the arch of the aorta associated with insufficiency ing no trace of a heart, z. One of twin fetuses in
of the aortic valve. which a heart may be present, yet the circulation
hodoneuromere (ho-do-nu'ro-mer) [G. hodos, path, is effected entirely by the other twin.

-f-neuron, nerve, -I- meros, part.] In embryol- holoblastic (hol'o-blas'Hk) [G. holos, whole, + blasios,
ogy, a segment of the trunk with its pair of germ.] Denoting the involvement of the entire
nerves and their branches. (alecithal or moderately telolecithal) ovum in
Hoff's law. See Van't Hoff. segmentation.
Hof'fa's opera'tion [Albert Hoffa, German ortho- holocaine hydrochlo'ride (hol'o-kah-en). Amidin,
pedic surgeon, 1859-1907.] Hollowing out the a synthetic alkaloid, the hydrochloride of para-
acetabulum and reduction of the head of the diethoxyethenyl-diphenylamidin, occurring in
femur after severing the muscles inserted into small, colorless, shining crystals ; used as a local
,
the upper portion of the bone, in cases of congeni- anesthetic in ophthalmic practice.
tal dislocation of the hip. holocephal'ic [G. holos, entire, + kephale, head.] A
Hoffmann's an'odyne [Friedrich Hoffmann, German monster deficient in certain parts, but with the
physician, 1660—1742.] Spiritus setheris com- head complete.
positus. holocrine (hol'o-krin) [G. holos, all, -f- krino, I sepa-
Hoffmann's bacillus [Georg von Hoffmann- rate.] Noting a gland (i) whose function is
Wellenhof, Austrian Bacillus
bacteriologist.] purely secretory, or (2) the secretion of which
pseudodiphihericus. consists of altered cells of the gland itself, such
Hofi'mann's duct [Moritz Hoffmann, German anat- as a sebaceous gland; opposed to merocrine.
omist and botanist, 1622— 1698.] Duct of horodiastol'ic [G. holos, entire.] Relating to the
Wirsung, ductus pancreaticus [BNA]. entire diastole.
Hoffmann's mus'cular at'rophy [Johann Hoffmann, holomas'tigote [G. holos, all, -1- mastix{mastig-),
German physician, contemporary .] Progressive whip.] Having flagella all over the surface.
spinal muscular atrophy, of familial form, occur- holophytic (hol-o-fitik) [G. holos, whole, + phytikos,
'
ring in early childhood. H.'s phenom'enon vegetable.] Exactly like a plant in metabolism
or sign, excessive irritability of the sensory or mode of obtaining nourishment; noting certain
nerves to electrical or mechanical stixnuli in protozoans.
tetany. holopon (ho'lo-pon) [G. holos, whole, -|-o^o.r, juice.]
Hoffman'ssign. Flexion of the terminal pha- A preparation similar to pantopon,"" said to con-
lanx of the thumb and of the second and third tain all the alkaloids of opium.
phalanges of one or more of the fingers when the holorrhachlschisis (hol-o-ri-kis'kl-sis) [G. holos,
nail of the index, middle, or ring finger is complete, + rhachis, spine, + schists, fissure.]
suddenly nipped. Complete spina bifida.
Hofimann-Werdnig syn'drome (hawf'mahn-verd'- holoschlsis (hol-os'kl-sis) [G. holos, complete, +
nig). Hoffmann's muscular atrophy. schists, fission.] Simple cleavage of the cell,
hog-cholera (hog"korer-ah). An infectious disease amitosis.
of swine marked by hemorrhagic inflammation hol"osystol'ic [G. holos, entire.] Relating to the
of the lymphatic glands, lungs, intestine, liver, entire systole.
and kidney. The disease is now believed not to be holothrichous (Jiol-ot'ri-kus) [G. holos, entire, -I-

caused by the Bacillus cholerte suis or B. suipestifer, thrix(.trich-), hair.] Having cilia over the
but to be due to some ultramicroscopic organism, entire surface.
possibly protozoan. Holotrichida (ho-lo-trik'I-dah) [G. holos, entire,
ho'ladin [G. holos, entire, +
aden, gland.] Trade +ihrix(trich-), hair.] An order of Ciliata in
name of a preparation said to contain all the which cilia are distributed over the entire body.
active principles of the pancreas; occurs as a holozoic (hol-o-zo'ik) [G. holos, whole, zoikos, +
graj^sh white powder furnished in 3-grain cap- aniraal.i_Resembling exactly an animal in its
sules. metabolism, or mode of obtaining nourishment;
holarthritic (ho-lar-thrit'ik). Relating to universal noting certain protozoans in distinction to others
arthritis, or holarthritis. which are holophytic*
holarthritis (ho-lar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. holos, all, + Holt'house's hernia [Carsten Holihouse, English
arihron, joint, -f -itis!\ Inflammation of all or a surgeon, 1810-1901.] Inguinal hernia with
great number of the joints. extension of the loop of intestine along Poupart's
HoI'den's line [Luther Holden, English anatomist, ligament.
 +

HOLTZ MACHINJi 457 HOMOGAMY

Holtz machine' [Wilhelm Holtz, German physicist, in large doses in health, will produce certain
1836-1913.] A machine with a large revolving conditions similar to those relieved, when occur-
glass disc, for generating frictional electricity. ring as symptoms of disease, by the same drug in
hol'zin. Trade name of a solution of menthol and small doses. This is called the law of similia,
formaldehyde in alcohol, used by inhalation in from the aphorism, similia similibus curantur,
tuberculosis. like iscured by like. Included in the homeopathic
hol'zinol. Trade name of a preparation similar to doctrine is the theory of dynamization, which is
holzin. that by repeated trituration, or dilution with
Holzknecht's chromoradiometer (holts'knekhts kro- agitation, the potency or power of a drug is
mo-ra-di-otu'e-tur) [Guido Holzknecht, Aus- enormously increased, certain substances, such
trian radiologist, *i872.] A
capsule containing as lycopoditun and common salt, which are inert
a reagent which changes color under the influence in appreciable" doses, even acquiring therapeutic
of the «-rays; placed near the part subjected to properties when so treated.
the action of the rays, its change in color is com- homeoplasia, homoeoplasia (ho-me-o-pla'sl-ah) [G.
pared with a graduated color scale (the markings homoios, like, -I- plasis, a moulding.] The forma-
on which, numbered from 3 to 24, are called H.'s tion of new tissue of the same character as that
umts) and thus the intensity of the rays is already existing in the part.
measured. H. u'nit, a unit of «-ray measurement homeoplas'tic, homoeopU^'tic. Relating to op
(abbreviation H) equal to J erythema dose.
, characterized by homeoplasia,
homaloceph'alous [G. homalos, level, + kephale, homeotherapeu'tic, homoeotherapeu'tic. i. Homeo-
head.] Having a flattened head, pathic. 2. Relating to homeotherapy.
Homalomy'ia [G. homalos, even, + tnyia, a fly.] homeotherapeutics, homoeotherapeutics (ho"me-o-
A genus of flies, the larvse of which, naturally ther-a-pu'tiks). i. 'Homeopathy. 2. Homeo-
present in decayed fruit and vegetables, some- therapy.
times infest animals. homeother'apy, homceother'apy [G. homoios, like, +
homatropi'na [G. homos, the same.] Homatropine, therapeia, treatment.] Treatment or prevention
oxytoluyl-tropeine, made by passing hydrochloric of a disease by means of a product similar to, but
acid gas through a mixture of tropine and man- not identical with, the active causal agent, as in
delic acid; it occurs in white granular crystals; Jennerian vaccination.
strongly mydriatic. homatropi'nse hydrobro'- homeothermal, homoeothermal (ho-me-o-thur'-
midum (U.S. and Br.), a white crystalline powder mal) (G. homoios, similar, H- thertnS, heat.]
or small prismatic crystals; employed in i per Homeothermic, homeothermous; haVing the
cent, solution as a cycloplegic. temperature of the surrounding medium,
homatropine (ho-mat'ro-pSn). Homatropina. noting the cold-blooded animals. See homo-
homazlal (ho-maks'I-al) [G. homos, the same, thermal.
axis."] Homaxonic. homeotypical (ho"me-o-tip^-kal) [G. homoios, like,
homaxon'ic [G. homos, the same, -f axon, axle.] -I- typos, form.] Of or resembling the usual
Homaxial, having all the axes alike, noting a type.
sphere. homergy (hom'ur-j5) [G. homos, same, + ergon,
Homburg vor der Hiihe, Germany (hom'boorg for work.] Normal metabolism and its results.
der ho'eh). The chief springs are the Elisa- homesickness (hom'sik-ness). Nostalgia.
bethen-Bnmnen, the Kaiser- Brunnen, the Lud- homicide (hom'J-sid) [L. homo, man, + cadere, to
wig-Brunuen, the Landgraf en- Brunnen, the kill.] I. The killing of a human being, miurder.
Luisen- Brunnen, and the Stahl- Brunnen. Al- ^. One who kills another, a murderer.
kaline-saline-chalybeate-carbonated waters. Cold. hom'iculture [L. homo, man, + cultura, culture.)
Used by drinking and bathing in certain forms of Human stirpiculture, eugenics.
dyspepsia, rheiunatism, gout, and in certain ho'migrade thermom'eter. A thermometer with
catarrhal conditions; so-called "torpid scrofula," a special scale, 100° indicating the normal tem-
constipation, chlorosis, inactivity of the liver, perature of man (98.5° P., 37° C), zero the
diabetes, chronic headache, anemia, general freezing point, 270° the boiling point (212°
debility, and the diseases of women. May 1 to P., 100° C).
October i. homoarecoline (ho-mo-S-rek'o-len). Arecaidinethyl-
Home's lobe [Sir Everard Home, English surgeon, ester, a colorless liquid possessing properties
1763-1832.] The enlarged middle lobe of the similar to those of arecoline. h. hydrobro'mide,
prostate gland. occurs in colorless crystals anthelmintic in doses
;

homeocyte, homceocyte (ho'me-o-sit) [G. homoios, of gr- AtV(0.004-0.006).

like, -I- kytos, cell.] Lymphocyte. homocen'tric [G. homos, same, -t- kentron, center.]
homeomerous, homceomerous (ho-me-om'er-us) [G. Having the same center, concentric; noting rays
homoios, like, + meros, part.] Noting lichens in which meet at a common focus; opposed to
which the gonidia and hyphse are evenly distrib- heterocentric.
uted in the thallus. homochronous (ho-mok'ron-us) [G. homos, same, -I-
homeomor'phous, homoemor'phous [G. homoios, like, chronos, time.] ±. Occurring at the same time,

+ morphe, shape.] Of similar shape, but not synchronous. 2 Occurring at the same age in
necessarily of the same composition. each generation.
ho'meopath, ho'moeopatfa. Homeopathist. homoclad'ic [G. homos, same, + klados, a twig.]
homeopathic, homoeopathic (ho"me-o-path'lk). Re- Noting an anastomosis between branches of the
lating to homeopathy. same arterial trunk; opposed to heterocladic,
homeop'athist, homoeop'athist. A
medical practi- ho'modont [G. homos, the same, + odous(pdont-),
tioner of the homeopathic school. tooth.] Having teeth all alike in form, as those
homeopathy, homoeopathy (ho-me-op'S-thJ) [G. of the lower vertebrates opposed to heterodont.
;

homoios, like, similar, + pathos, suffering(dis- homceo-. Por words so beginning, see homeo-.
ease).] A system of therapeutics founded or homog'amy [G. homos, the same, + gamos, marriage.]
developed by Samuel Hahnemann,* based upon Simultaneous maturity of the stamens and pistil
the observation that certain drugs, when given of an hermaphrodite flower.
 HOMOGENEOUS 4S8 HOOPER'S PILLS

homogeneous (ho-mo-je'ne-us) [G. homos, same, + homostimulation (ho-mo-stim-u-la'shun) In- .

genos, race.] Of uniform structure or composi- creasing the action of a gland by the administra-
tion throughout. tion of an extract of- the same gland from an
homogenesis, homogeny (ho-mo-jen'e-sis, ho-moj-' animal.
en-I) [G. homos, same, H- genesis, production.] homosty'ly, Homogony.
Reproduction in which the offspring is similar to homothennal (ho"mo-thtir'nial) [G. homos, the same,
the parents; opposed to keterogenesis. + therme, heat.] Homothermic, homothermous;
ho"mogentis'ic acid. Alkapton, an acid occurring, having always the same temperature, noting the
together with uroleucic acid, in the urine in warm-blooded animals. See homeothermal.
alkaptonuria; it is the result of the incomplete homoton'io [G. homos, same, -I- tonos, tonus.] Of
oxidation of tyrosin, due probably to the di- uniform tension or tonus.
minution or absence of a, specific intracellular homotype (ho'mo-tip) [G. homos, same, + typos,
oxidase. type. ] Any part or organ of the same structure
homog'ony [G. homos, the same, + goiios, offspring.] or function as another, especially as one on the
A condition in which the relative heights of the opposite side of the body.
stamens and pistils in flowers of the same species homotyp'ic, homotyp'ical [G. homos, the same, +
remain the same; homostyly. typos, form.] Of the same type or form; corre-
•homoioplasia (ho-moy-o-pla'sl-ah). Homeoplasia. sponding to the other one of two paired organs or
homoiothermal (ho-moy-o-thur'mal). Homeo- parts, h. divis'ion, the second of the two divisions
thermal.* of a maturing sex-cell during which reduction of
homolateral [G. homos, the same, -I- L. latus, side.] the chromosomes occurs.
On or relating to the same side; ipsolateral. homozoic (ho-mo-zo'ik) [G. homos, the same, +
homol'ogous. Noting a homologue; having a an animal.] Relating to the
zoikos, relating to
general definite relation to others in a series; in same animal or the same species of animal.
zoology, having a correspondence in position or homozygosis (ho"-mo-zi-go'sis). The formation of a
development, though not in function, with a zygote by like gametes.
part in another animal, noting, for example, the homozygote (ho-mo-zi'got) [G. homos same, -|-
wing of a bird, the fore-leg of a quadruped, and zygotos, yoked.] i. An individual containing but

the arm of man. h. se'ries, in chemistry, a series one of the two allelomorphs, each of the two germ-
of compounds which differ from each other by cells, by the union of which it was formed, contain-
containing more or less of the same group of ing the same ihember of the allelomorpliic pair.
atoms ;'in the case of the paraffin series this group z. A zygote produced by the union of two similar
is CHj. gametes of the same strain.
homologue (hom'o-log). ±. Any part or organ of homozygous (ho-mo-zi'gus). Relating to homo-
similar structure or composition to another one. zygosis produced by the union of similar gametes.
;

2. Any part or organ of one animal which corre- hondziekte (hond-zek'ta) [D. hand, dog, + ziekte,
sponds in some way to one of another; thus the sickness. ] Canine babesiasis.*
wjng of a bird is the homologue of the arm of a honey (hun'I) [A.S. hunig.] Mel.
man. honeycomb-limg (hun^-kom-lung). A condition
homol'ogy. Correspondence in function, relation, marked by the presence of numerous small pus-
or origin. containing cavities in the Itmg; it is due to
homorysin. A lysin produced by the injection of bronchiol ectasia following bronchopneumonia
an antigen derived from an animal of the same in children.
species, isolysin; distinguished from heterolysin honorarium (hon-o-ra'ri-um) [L. honorarius, hon-
and autolysin. orary.] A fee for professional services.
homon'omous [G. homos, same, + nomas, law.] hon'thin. Tr de name of a" preparation, said to be
Noting parts, having similar form and structure, albumin tannate employed in diarrhea in doses of
;

arranged in a the fingers or toes.

series, as gr. io~20 (o.C— 1.3).
homon'omy. The condition of being homonomous. hoof [A.S. hdj.l The homy covering of the ends of
homon'ymous [G. homonym-os, of the same name.] the digits or feet in many animals; it consists,
Having the same name, or expressed in the same like nails and horns, of thickened and modified
terms, h. diplo'pia, see diplopia. epidermis or cuticle, false h., the hoof of an
homoplas'tic. i. Similar in form and structure, imused digit, as one of the two above and behind
but not in origin, n. Noting a graft of similar the functioning hoofs of the ox, pig, and other
structure, as one of bone to replace a 'bone animals.
defect. hoof -and -mouth disease. Foot-aiid-mouth disease.*
homorgan'ic [G- homos, same, -I- organon, organ.] hoof-bound. A condition of dryness and contrac-
Produced by the same organs. tion of the hoof of a horse, which results in pain
homosexual (ho"mo-seks'u-al) [G. homos, the same, and lameness.
+ L. sexus, sex ] Relating to or possessing erotic hook [A.S. hok.'\ An instrument curved or bent
attraction toward a person of the same sex, z. nearits tip, used for fixation of a part or traction.
A person attracted sexually to others of the same blunt h., a strong, hook-shaped iron bar which is
sex, an invert. passed between abdomen and thigh to make trac-
homosexuality (ho"mo-seks-u-al'i-tl). A
form of tion in cases of difficult breech presentation.
sexual perversion in which attraction exists for hooked bone. Os hamatum [BNA], unciform bone.
one of the same sex. hook'worm, A worm of the genus Ankyhstoma or
homos'porous [G. homos, the same, -I- spores, seed.] Uncinaria. dog h., Uncinaria stenocephala.
Having but one kind of asexually produced new-world h., U. amerieana. old-world h., U.
spores. duodenalis.
homostimulant (ho-mo-stim'u-lant) [G. homos, the hook'worm-disease'. Uncinariasis ankylostomia-
same.] Noting the action of an organic extract sis.

upon a gland or organ of the same kind as that Hoop'er's pills [John Hooper, apothecary in Read-
from which the extract was derived; see Hallion's* ing, England, i8th century.] Pillulae aloes et
law. myrrhae.
 ;

HOOPING-COUGh 459 HORSE-SICKNESS

hoop'ing-cough. Whooping-cough, pertussis. garded as hormones, so is secretin, so is carbon

Hoorne's duct or canal. See Van Hoorne. dioxide formed in muscle during contraction,
hoose, hooze (hoos, hooz). Verminous bronchitis in which incites the respiratory center to increased
calves marked by cough, roughness of coat, and activity; opposed to chalone; see also autacoid.
wasting. h. hunger, a condition in which a certain organ
hooven (ho'ven). Hoven. failsto receive the needed amount of a special
Hoo'ver's sign [Charles F. Hoover, American neurol- hormone upon which its proper functional
ogist, *i865.] A person lying supine on a activity depends. Langerhan'sian h., a supposed
couch, when asked to raise one leg, involuntarily internal secretion of the pancreas, elaborated
makes counterpressure with the heel of the other in the islands of Langerhans, which controls
leg; if this leg is paralyzed whatever muscular sugar metabolism.
power is preservedin it will be exerted in this way hormonogenesis (hor"mon-o-jen'e-sis) [hormone +
or if the patient attempts to lift the paralyzed G. genesis, production.] Hormonopoiesis.
limb, counterpressure will be made with the other hormonogenic (hor-mon-o-jen'ik) . Hormonopoi-
heel, whether any movement occurs in the etic.
paralyzed leg or not. hoTmonopoiesis (hor°mo-no-poy-e'sis) [hormone
Hope's mis'ture [John Hope, English physician, + G. poiesis, production.]. The production of a
1725-1886.] Mistura camphorae acida (N.F.). hormone or an internal secretion.
hop'ogan. Magnesium peroxide, an internal anti- hormonopoietic (hor"mo-no-poy-et'ik). Relating
septic. to homonopoiesis.
Hop'pe-Gold'flam disease' [Johann Ignaz Hoppe, hormopoiesis (hor-mo-poy-e'sis) Hormonopoie-
.

Swiss physiologist, 1811— 1891; S. Goldfiam.] sis.

Myasthenia gravis. hormopoietlc (hor-mo-poy-et'ik). Hormonopoi-
Hoppe-Seyler's test (h8-pa-zi'ler) [Ernst Felix etic.
Immanuel Hoppe-Seyler, German physiological horn [A.S.] Cornu. I. An
excrescence from the
chemist, 1825-1895.] For carbon monoxide in skin, of the shape or structure of a horn. 2.
the blood: on adding to the blood twice the A curved, pointed structure resembling a horn.
volume of sodiimi hydrate solution the red color 3. A
hard, thickened, epidermal tissue, such as
of blood is preserved if carbon monoxide is that of the nails. 4. The coronal prolongation
present; normal blood is colored a greenish of the dental pulp. Ammon's h., cornu Ammonis.
brown. burnt h., cornu ustum. cuta'neous h., cornu
hops. The strobiles of the hop plant see humulus.
; cutaneum, a hornlike outgrowth from the
hordein (hor'de-in). A
gliadin derived from barley. epidermis.
hordenine (hor'de-nen) [L. hordeum, barley.] An Hor'ner's muscle [William Edmund Horner, Phila-
alkaloid, CioHisNO, developed in barley during delphia anatomist, 1793-1853.] Tensor tarsi,
the process of germination, occurring in prismatic pars lacrimalis of the orbicularis oculi [BNA.]
crystals, h. sul'phate, employed a^ a heart Hor'ner's symp'tom-com'plex [Johann Friedrich
tonic in place of digitalis. Horner, Zurich ophthalmologist, 1831— 1886.]
horde'olum [L. dim. of hordeum, barley.] Asty, Ptosis, miosis, anidrosis, and enophthalmos
an inflammation of a sebaceous gland of the eye- due to paralysis of the cervical sympathetic.
lid, h. inter'num, h. meibomia'num, suppurative horn-sil'ver. Native chloride of silver.
inflammation of one of the Meibomian glands. Horn' s Springs, Tennessee. Alkaline-saline-chalyb-
hor'deum. Barley, the seeds of H. distichon. eate-sulphureted-carbonated waters. Eeight
h. decortica'tum, hulled barley, pearl barley, is springs. Used by drinking in various disorders.
employed in decoction as a demulcent. The entire year.
horehound (h5r'hownd) [A.S. hdr hUnd.'] Hoar- hor'ny. Corneous, of the natiire or structure of
hound, marrubium.* horn.
horismascope (hor-iz'mah-skop) [G. horistna, a horopter (hor-op'tur) [G. horos, limit, -f- opter, one
boundary, -f- skoped, I examine.] A U-shaped who sees.] The sum of all the points in the bin-
test-tube, used in the acid test for albumin in the ocular field of vision, in any fixed position of the
urine one arm of the tube has a black background
; eyes, rays from which fall upon corresponding
against which a faint cloud of albumin may be points in the two retinas, the image therefore ap-
readily seen in the line between acid and urine. pearing single. The horopter may be a straight
hoiizocardia (ho-ri"zo-kar'd3-ah) [G. horizon, hori- line or a plane, a curved line or a curved surface.
zon, +kardia, heart.] A
horizontal position of the horripilation (hor-I-pi-la'shun) [L. horrere, to bristle,
heart on the diaphragm, due to marked excentric H- pilus, hair.] Goose-flesh, cutis anserina, the
hypertrophy or to dilatation of both ventricles. standing up of the small hairs over the body.
hor'mion [G. dim. of hormos, cord, chain, necklace.] Hor'rocks' maieu'tlc [Peter Horrocks, London
The point of junction of the posterior border of obstetrician, contemporary.] See m.aieutic.
the vomer with the sphenoid bone. horse [A.S. hors.'\ A
perissodactyl (odd-toed), soli-
hormon'adin. Trade name of a preparation said to dungulate (single-hoofed), quadrupedal mammal,
be the internal secretion of the pancreas. Equus caballus, having a long and coarse-haired
hor'monal. Trade name of a preparation obtained mane and tail, with short-haired coat, and cor-

from the spleen of animals killed during the neous patches on the inner side of the legs between
height of digestion, said to be a peristaltic hor- the knee and hock; employed chiefly as a draft-
mone; recommended for the treatment of chronic animal.
constipation in dose of 20-40 c.c. (i or 2 vials) horse-chestnut. Hippocastanum,* castanea equina.
intravenously or intramuscularly injected. horse-power, A
work-unit, equal to 33,00 pounds
hor'mone [G. hormon, pres. part, of hormao, I rouse lifted one foot in one minute.
or set in motion.] A chemical substance, formed horsepoz (hors'poks). A
disease in horses similar
in one organ or part of the body and carried in the to cowpox in cattle.
blood to another organ or part which it stimulates horse-rad'ish. Cochlearia.
to functional activity or secretion; the secre- horse-sickness (hors'sik-nes). A
disease of horses
tions of some or all of the ductless glands are re- and mules in South Africa, supposed to be due to
 ; ;

HORSE-SICKNESS 460 HOT SPRINGS

an ultra-microscopic protozoan transmitted by the host (host) [L. hospes, an entertainer.] The or-
anopheles mosquito it is characterized chiefly by
; ganism at the expense of which a parasite lives.
dropsical effusions into the thoracic and abdom- defin'itive h., the vertebrate host of a hematozoic
inal cavities. protozoan, in which the non-sexual cycle occurs;
horse-weed. Erigeron. primary h. interme'diary or intenne'diate h., an
Hors'ley's putty [Sir Victor Alexander Haden invertebrate animal in which a hematozoic
Horsley, London surgeon, *i857— 1916.] com- A protozoan parasite of a vertebrate undergoes its
pound of carbolic acid i, oil 2, and wax 7, used to sexual cycle; secondary h. primary h., definitive
plug the vessels of the diploe in case of hemor- h., the one in which the mature parasite resides
rhage in trephining. H.'s test, for sugar in the when it has two or more stages of existence in
urine, the presence of which is indicated when different animals, sec'ondary h., intermediate h.,
the one in which a parasite lives before reaching its
mature state, when it has two or more stages in
different animals.

Bones of the Foreleg of a Horse, from the Elbow-

joint, THE Humerus not Being Shown: i, Olecranon
Bones of the Hind Leg of a Horse ; i , Os innominatum process; 2, body of the ulna; 3, body of the radius;
4,
2, femur; 3, trochanter major; 4, subtrochanterian articulating surface of the ulna; s, semicircular fossa
crest; s, trochlea; 6, external condyle; 7, patella; 8, formed by radius and ulna for reception of the humerus
tibia; 9, fibula; 10, os calcis; 11, astragalus; 12, 13, 14, 6, articulating surface of the radius; 7, radial tuber-
IS, tarsal bones; 16, large metatarsal or cannon bone; cle; 8, lower articular surface of the radius;
9, os lunare;
17, 18, small metatarsal, or splint bones; 19, 20, sesa- 10, OS magnum; 11, os pisitorme; 12, os cuneiforme;
moid bones; 21, os suffraginis or large pastern; 22, 13, OS unciforme; 14, is, 17, metacarpus or cannon
OS coronae or small pastern; 23, os pedis; 24, wing of the bone; 16, small metacarpal or splint bone; 17, articular
OS pedis; A, hip-joint; B, stifle-joint, corresponding to end of the large metacarpal bone; 18, sesamoid bone;
the knee in man; C, hock-joint, correspon(fing to the 19, OS suffraginis or large pastern; 20, os coronse or
ankle in man; D, fetlock-joint. small pastern; 21, os naviculare; 22, wing of os pedis;
23i OS pedis. B, elbow-joint; C, knee, corresponding
to the wrist in man. D, fetlock-joint.
a green color is produced by boiling with potassic
hydrate and potassium chromate. H.'s trephine', Hot Borate Spring, California. Alkaline-saline-
a trephine made of several pieces which can be borated-ammoniated-carbonated waters, 124°
taken apart to facilitate asepsis. F. Used by drinking for disorders of the bladder
H2OSO4. Osmic acid. and kidneys.
hos'pltal [L. hospitalis, for a guest.] Nosocomium. hot-cross-bun head. The head with depressed
An institution for the protection and treatment sutures seen in hereditary syphilis.
of the sick. Hot Springs, Arkansas. Light alkaline-calcic-car-
hospitalism (hos'pl-tal-izm). A neurasthenic or bonated waters, 76° F. to 157° P. Seventy-two
"run-down" condition affecting nurses and others springs. Used by drinking and bathing in
living constantly in a hospital. rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, skin diseases,
HOT SPRINGS 461 HUECK'S LIGAMENT

diseases of the genitourinary system, and paunch or rumen, pain, and difficult breathing;
syphilis. believed to be due to the overeating of fresh
it is
Hot Springs, Nbrth Carolina. Alkaline-saline-calcic green food.
waters, 96° F. to 104° P. About 20 springs. How'ard's meth'od [Benjamin 'Doug\as Howard, New
Used by drinking and bathing in various disor- York physician of English birth, 1840-1900.] A
ders. The entire year. method of artificial respiration; the patient being
Hot Springs, South Dakota. Sulphated-saline- on the back with a cushion so arranged as to
calcic waters, 96° F., and 98° F. Eight have the head lower than the abdomen, and with
springs. Used by drinking and bathing in the hands under the head, the physician makes
rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, certain forms of rhythmical pressure upward and inward with his
paralysis, metallic poisoning, neurasthenia, dys- hands against the lower lateral parts of the chest.
pepsia, diseases of the liver, Bright's disease, How'ard Springs, Alabama. Alkaline-chalybeate-,
catarrhal conditions of the respiratory tract, sulphurous waters. Three springs. Used by
hay-fever asthma, incipient phthisis, skin dis- drinking in Bright's disease, diabetes, diarrhea,
eases, and syphilis. The entire year. dysentery, skin diseases, and other disorders.
Hot Springs, Virginia. Alkaline-saline-calcic; sul- The entire year.
phated-saline calcic-sulphureted-c arbonated
; How'ard Springs, California. Alkaline-saline-chalyb-
waters, 74° F. to 108° F. Various springs. eate-lithic-carbonated waters, 60° F. to iio°F.
Used by drinking and bathing in gout, rheuma- About fourteen springs. Used by drinking in
tism, neuralgia, congestion of the liver, Bright's chronic dyspepsia, constipation, diseases of the
disease, cystitis, enlarged prostate, calculous liver and kidneys, urinary disorders, anemia, and
disorders, skin affections, diseases of women, and general debility.
general debility. The entire year. Howell-JoUy bod'ies (how'el-zh6-le') [William
Hot Sulphur Springs, Colorado. Saline-sulphureted Henry Howell, American physiologist, *i86o.]
waters, 91° F. to 117° F. More than twenty Jolly* bodies.
springs. Used by drinking and bathing in How'ship's fove'lose or lacu'nse [John Howship,
rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, liver disorders, London surgeon, ti84i.] Little pits on the sur-
skin diseases, tertiary syphilis and the diseases face of bone which is undergoing resorption:
of women. they contain numerous multinuclear giant cells
Hotch'kiss' opera'tion [Lucius Wales Hotchkiss, New (osteoclasts). H.'s symp'tom, pain or pares-
York surgeon, *i85q.] An operation for epithe- thesia on the inner side of the thigh in cases of
lioma of the cheek; it includes resection of a obturator hernia.
lateral half of the mandible and, if necessary, of HPO3. Metaphosphoric acid.
a portion of the maxilla and palate, the defect H3PO2. Hypophosphorous acid.
in the cheek being closed by the side of the tongue HsPOs. Phosphorous acid.
and a flap drawn up from the side of the neck. H3PO4. Phosphoric acid.
Hott'entot apron. An exaggerated hypertrophy of H4P2O6. Hypophosphorio acid.
the labia minora, common in the native women of H4P2O7. Pyrophosphorid'kcid.
southern Africa. H. bustle, an excessive enlarge- H.S. Abbreviation for house surgeon.
ment of the buttocks, steatopyga, common in the H2S. Hydrogen sulphide, sulphureted hydrogen.
native women of southern Africa. H. tea, buchu. H-shaped ecchymo'sis. The ecchymosis observed
hott'entotism. A form of stammering. in cases of rupture of the tendo Achillis.
hough (hok) [A.S hdh, heel.] Hock. H4Si04. Silicic acid.
hound's-tongue. CjTioglossum. H2SO3. Sulphurous acid.
hour-glass contrac'tion. A central constriction of H2SO4. Sulphuric acid.
a hollow organ, such as the stomach or the uterus, Ht. Abbreviation for total hyperopia.
h.-g. head, the skull with depressed coronal H-tetanase (ach-tet'an-az)[ft-hemolytic.] v. Behr-
suture in hereditary syphilis. ing's term for the hemolytic constituent of
housemaid's knee (hows"madz-ne'), Prepatellar tetanus toxin.
bursitis, inflammation and swelling of the bursa Hubb'ard Springs, Virginia. Within an area of
anterior to the patella, due to traumatism in those thirty feet square are four springs: "The White
who are much on their knees. Sulphur," "The Black Sulphur," "The Chalyb-
house-physician (hows-fl-zish'un). The senior in- eate," and the "Freestone." Used by drinking
terne in a hospital who acts in place of the attend- in rheumatism, disorders of the mucous mem-
ing physician during his absence and is responsible brane of stomach and intestines, and disorders of
for the execution of the latter's orders. the liver and kidneys.
house-prev'alence. The occurrence of a number of Huchard' s disease' (u-shar') [Henri Huchard, Paris
cases of a supposedly non-contagious disease in physician, 1844-1910.] A condition of contin-
the same house. ued arterial hypertension believed by H. to be
house-staff. The junior physicians and surgeons the main cause of arteriosclerosis. H.'s se'rum,
attached to a hospital who care for the patients an inorganic serum composed of sodium sulphate
under the direction of the attending staff; the 2 s, sodium chloride s, and sodium phosphate
.

internes and extemes collectively, 10, in witer 100. H.'s symp'tom, paradoxical
house-surgeon (hows-sur'jun). The senior member resonance on percussion in edema of the lung.
of the house-staff on the surgical side, who is huckel-bone (huk'1-bon). i. Ankle-bone, talus.*
responsible for the execution of the orders of the z. The innominate bone in the pelvis of the horse.
attending surgeon and who acts in his place when 3. The astragalus in the knee of the horse.
the latter is absent. Hud'son Hot Springs, New Mexico. Alkaline-
Hous'ton's muscle [John Houston, Dublin physician, calcic waters, 142° F. Also cold spring. Used
1802-1845.] The anterior portion of the mus- by drinking and bathing in diseases of the blood,
culus bulbocavemosus. H.'s folds or valves, stomach, liver, and kidneys. The entire year.
rectal valves, see plica* transversalis recti. Hueck's ligament (huk) [Alexander Friedrich
ho'ven. Bloating in cattle, due to the accumulation Hueck, German anatomist, 1802-1842.] Liga-
of gas, and marked by the distention of the ' mentum oectinatum iridis.
HUETER'S MANEUVER 462 HUNTER'S PULASKI ALUM SPRINGS

Hueter's maneu'ver [Karl Hueter, German sur- hump'back. Hunchback, i. A deformed spine,
geon 1838— 1882.] In passing a stomach tube Pott's curvature, angular curvature, kyphosis;
one presses the patient's tongue downward and lateral curvature, scoliosis. 2. A
sufferer from
forward with the left forefinger. H.'s sign, angular or lateral curvature of the spine.
when the soft parts intervene, in a case of frac- hu'mulin. Lupulin.
ture, the vibration, on tapping the bone, is not humulus (hu'mu-lus) (U.S.). Hops, the dried
transmitted. fruits (strobiles) of Humulus
lupulus, a climbing
Huf eland's powder (hoo'fa-lahnt) [Christoph Wil- herb of central and northern Asia, Europe, and
helm Hufeland, Berlin physician, 1762-1836.] North America; tonic, sedative, and diuretic in
Magnesium carbonate 50, rhubarb IS, sugar doses of Si-2 (30.0-60.0) of an infusion of
with fennel-seed oil 35. S§(i6.o) to the pint (480.0); a hop poultice is
Hugh'lings Jack'son's sign. See Jackson. applied in cases of superficial inflammation.
hu'mus [L. earth, soil.] Vegetable mould, formed
Hugier' s canal' (ii-ghe-a') [Pierre Charles Huguier,
decayed leaves and other vegetable matter.
of
Parisian surgeon, 1804— 1874.] Iter chlordae
hunch'back. Humpback.
anterius; a canal in the Glaserian fissure near its
posterior edge, through which the chorda tym-
hunger (hung'ger) [A.S.] A strong desire for food.
air h., breathlessness, dyspnea; distress occa-
pani nerve emerges from the skull. H.'s cir'-
sioned by the attempt to hold the breath, h.-
cle, anastomosis around the isthmus of the
cure, treatment of disease by fasting or a re-
uterus (junction of the cervix w^th the body)
stricted diet; nestiatria, nestitherapy, h. day,
between the right and left uterine arteries. H.' s
one of the days in a course of dietetic treatment
disease', (i) lupus of the vulva; (2) fibroma of
of diabetes, on which the patient is allowed prac-
the uterus. H.'s si'nus, a small fossa in the
tically nothing but broths.
tympanum between the fenestra ovalis and
the fenestra rotunda. H.'s the'ory, in the
hunger-evil (hung'ger-e-vil) . A disease, resem-
bling epilepsy, marked by bulimia in the horse.
great majority of cases prolapse of the uterus is
Hunt's at'rophy [James Ramsay Hunt, New York
due to a primary elongation of the supravaginal
neurologist, *i872.] Neural atrophy of the small
portion of the cervix.
muscles of the hand without sensory disturbances;
Euguenin's ede'ma (u-gS-nan') [Gustave ffw- two types are recognized: i/i^wa?', from compression
guenin, Swiss psychiatrist, *i84i.] Acute con-
neuritis of the thenar branch of the median nerve;
gestive edema of the brain.
hypothenar, from compression neuritis of the deep
bumectation (hu-mek-ta'shun) [L. humectare, to palmar branch of the ulnar nerve, H.'s para-
moisten.] i. The therapeutic application of dox'ical phenom'enon, in dystocia musculorum
moisture. 2. Serous infiltration of the tissues. deformans, if an attempt is made at plantar
3. The soaking of a crude drug in water prepar- flexion of the foot when the foot is in dorsal
atory to the process of extract. spasm the only response is an increase of the
hu'meral. Relating to the humerus. extensor, or dorsal, spasm; if, however, the
hu"merora'dial. Relating to both humerus and patient is told to extend the foot which is
radius, noting especially the ratio of length of already in a state of strong dorsal flexion there
one to the other. will be a sudden movement of plantar flexion;
hu'meroscap'ular. Relating to both humienis and the same phenomenon, mutatis mutandis, is
scapula. observed when there is a condition of strong
hu'mero-ul'nar. Relating to both humerus and plantar flexion. H.'s syn'drome, (i) progres-
ulna, noting especially the ratio of length of one sive cerebellar tremor; an intention tremor
to the other. beginning in one extremity, gradually increasing
hu'merus, gen, hu'meri [L. shoulder.] The bone in intensity, and subsequently involving other
of the upper arm, articulating with the scapula parts of the body one after the other; (2)
above and the radius and ulna below. facial paralysis, otalgia, and aural herpes, due
humidity (hu-mid'i-ti) [L. humidus, moist.] Mois- to disease of both motor and sensory fibers of
ture, dampness, ab'solute h., the amount of the seventh cranial nerve.
vapor in the atmosphere expressed in grains per Hun'ter's canal' [John Hunter, London surgeon,
cubic foot, rel'ative h., the percentage of bom in Scotland, 1728-1793.] Canalis adduc-
moisture in the air, the amount necessary for torius [BNA]; H. tied the superficial femoral
saturation, or the greatest amount which the artery in this part, for popliteal aneurysm, in
atmosphere can contain in the form of vapor, 1785. H.'s chan'cre, indurated or syphilitic
being taken as 100. chancre H.'s indura'tion, H.'s chancre. H.'s
hu'mor, gen. humo'ris [L. fluid.] i. The uncom- cpera'tion, ligation of the artery on the proxi-
bined fluids of the body —blood and lymph. 2. mal side and at some distance from the sac,
Any clear fluid or semifluid hyaline anatomical for the cure of aneurysm; see cut under
substance. 3. A chronic moist skin disease. aneurysm.
a'queous h., hydatoid, the watery fluid filling Hun'ter's Hot Springs, Montana. Light alkaline-
the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. saline waters, 148° F. to 168° F. Twenty-
crys'talline h., the substance composing the seven springs. Used by drinking and bathing
crystalline lens of the eye. oc'ular h., any one in rheumatism, gout, bronchial catarrh, asthma,
of the three humors of the eye —aqueous, crys- liver disorders, and diseases of women. The
talline, and vitreous, vit'reous h., the watery climate is dry and healthful.
fluid filling the meshes of the stroma of the Hun'ter's lig'ament ' [William Hunter, English
vitreous body of the eye. anatomist, bom in Scotland, 1718-1783,] Round
hu'meral. Relating to a humor in any sense, ligament of the uterus. H.'s gubernac'ulum,
especially to humor (i). gubemacultmi* testis. H.'s line, linea alba. H.'s
humoralism (hu'mor-al-ism) .The old doctrine mem'brane, decidua.
that all disease is due to a change in constitution Hun'ter's Pulas'ki Al'um Springs, Virginia. Alumin-
or to displacement of the humors. ous-chalybeate waters. Two springs. Used in
^In ,1 'm n,-_i ^
"rrv-t Wv mnraliom
lie drinking and locallv in dvsnensia. Hinrrhisa
 ;

HUNTER'S PULASKI ALUM SPRINGS 463 HYDATIDOSTOMY

dysentery, and in catarrhal conditions of the mains of cell-inclusions, h. car'tilage, see carti-
mucous membranes. lage. h.d&genersL'tionf see degenercttion. h. fi'broid,
Hunte'rian chan'cre jjohn Hunter.*] Indurated the fibrous substance found in a cirrhotic kidney.
chancre. h.mem'brane, (i) the thin, transparent membrane
Hun'tington's chorea (ko-re'ah) [George Huntington, beneath the epitheliima of mucous membranes;
American physician, *i8so.] Hereditary chorea. (2) the membrane contiguous to the outer root-
Hunyadi JUnos, Buda-Pesth (hoon-yah'de-yah'- sheath of a hair-follicle.
nosh) [named after a Hungarian general, 1387— hyalino'sis. Hyaline degeneration.
1456.] Amiineral spring in Hungary, the purga- hyalinu'ria. The presence of hyaline casts in the urine.
tive water of which contains sodium chloride hyalitis (hi-al-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the vitre-
and carbonate, iron, alumina, and magnesium, ous humor, h. puncta'ta, a condition in which
potassium, and sodium sulphate. minute opacities are present in the vitreous humor.
Huppert's disease' (hoop'pert) [Hugo Huppert, hy'aloid [G. hyalos, glass, + eidos, resemblance.]
Bohemian physician, 1832—1904.] Kahler's* Glassy in appearance; hyaline, h. membrane,
disease. the thin, homogeneous, transparent membrane
Husch'ke's au'ditory teeth [Emil Huschke, German enveloping the vitreous humor.
anatomist, 1797-1858.] A row of minute, tooth- hyaloiditis (hi-al-oy-di'(de')tis). i. Hyalitis. 2.
like projections at the free margin of the labium Inflammation of the hyaloid membrane.
vestibulare of the cochlea. H.'s car'tilages, two hyal'ogen. A protein found in the vitreous humor
irregularly formed horizontal cartilaginous rods of certain animals, and also in cartilage.
at the edge of the cartilaginous septiun of the hyalo'ma [G. hyalos, glass, -I- -dma.] Colloid
nose. H.'s fora'men, an opening in the floor of the miliima, colloid degeneration of the skin; the
bony meatus acusticus, usually closed in the adult. occurrence of yellow semitranslucent papules in
H.'s lig'ament, a peritoneal fold extending from the skin, usually of the cheeks and forehead. '

the upper portion of the smaller curvature of the hyalomitome (hi-al-om'i-t5m) [G. hyalos, glass, -I-
stomach to the anterior surface of the pancreas, mitos, thread.] Hyaloplasm, hyalotome.
a little to the right of the median line. H.'s hyalomu'coid. A mucoid present in the vitreous
valve, plica lacrimalis. humor.
Hutch'inson's crescen'tic notch [Sir Jonathan liy"alonyx'is [G. hyalos, glass, -|- nyxis, ptuicture.]
Hutchinson, English surgeon, 1828— 1913.] The Puncture of the vitreous humor.
semilunar notch on the neural surface of the hyalophobia (hi"al-o-fo'b!-ah) [G. hyalos, glass, +
upper middle incisors in H.'s teeth, seen also oc- phobos, fear.] Fear of touching glass.
casionally in the upper lateral incisors, the lower hy'aloplasm [G. hyalos, glass, -I- plasma, thing
incisors, and exceptionally the cuspids. H.'s formed.] The fluid portion of protoplasm sup-
disease', Tay's disease. H.'s fa'cies, the pecul- ported in the meshes of the spongioplasm hyal- ;

iar facial expression produced by the drooping omitome, hyalin. nu'clear h., caryolymph.
'
lids and motionless eyeballs of ophthalmoplegia. hyaloserositis (hi"al-o-se-ro-si'(se')tis) [G. hyalos,
H.'s mask, the sensation in tabes dorsalis as if glass, 4- L. serosa, serous membrane, + G. -itis.]
the face were covered with a mask or with cob- Inflammation of a serous membrane with a
I

webs. H.'s pu'pil, dilatation of the pupil on the fibrinous exudate which undergoes hyaline trans-
side of the lesion, with contraction of the other formation, assuming an appearance of porcelain
pupil, occurring in meningeal hemorrhage com- when localized over a viscus, such as the liver or
>
pressing the third nerve at the base of the brain. the heart, it produces the condition called icing
H.'s teeth, the upper middle incisor teeth having liver, frosted liver, sugar-coated liver, or heart,
a crescentic notch on the cutting edge, occurring etc. mul'tiple progress'ive h., polyorrhomenin-
in hereditary syphilis. H.'s tri'ad, parenchy- gitis.
matous keratitis, labyrinthine disease, and H.'s hy'alotome. Hyaloplasm.
teeth, significant of hereditary syphilis. hy'brid [L. hybrida, offspring of a tame sow and a.
Eutinel's erythe'ma (u-te-nel') [Victor Hutinel, wild boar.] Mongrel, half-breed; an animal or
-Parisian podiatrist, *i849.] Infectious erythema, plant resulting from the union of male and
occurring in pneumonia, typhoid fever, and other female elements of different species.
infections. hydanto'ic acid. Uramidoacetic acid, glycoluric
Huzham's tinc'ture (huks'am) [John Huxham, acid, C3H8N2O3, a derivative of hydantoin.
English physician, 1692-1768.] Tinctura* cin- hydan'toin. GlycocoUyl-urea, a colorless crystal-
chonae composita. line substance, C2H4N2O2, derived from urea or
Hux'ley's lay'er [Thomas Henry Huxley, English from allantoin.
biologist, 1825—1895.] The inner layer of cells hydat'id [G. hydatis, a drop of water.] i. An
of the inner root-sheath of the hair-foUicIe also ; echinococcus cyst 2. A vesicular structure resem-
called H,^s ynemhrane and H.^s sheath. bling an echinococcus cyst. h. of Morgagni, (i)
Huygens' oc'ular (hi'gens) [Christian Huygens, appendix testis; (2) appendix vesiculosis. non-
Dutch physicist, 1629-1695.] The compound pedun'culated h., appendix testis, pedun'culated
ocular of a microscope, composed of two plano- h., appendix epididymidis. sessile h., appendix
convex lenses so arranged that the plane side of testis,stalked h., appendix vesiculosus.
each is uppermost. hydatid'ifonn. Having the form or appearance of
hyalin (hi'al-in) [G. hyalos, glass.] i. Hyaloplasm. an hydatid.
2. The homogeneous basement substance of hya- hydatidocele (hi-dS-tid'o-sel) [G. kele, tumor.] An
line cartilage. 3. A clear homogeneous substance hydatid cyst of the testicle or scrotum.
occurring in amyloid, colloid, or hyaloid degenera- hydatido'ma. A tumor formed of hydatids.
tion. hydatidosis (hi-dat-S-do'sis) [hydatid + -osis.]
liyaline (hi'al-In, hi'al-«n) [G. hyalos, glass.] Of a The morbid state caused by the presence of
glassy, homogeneous, translucent appearance, h. hydatid cysts. '

bod'ies, minute collections of a clear homogeneous hydatidostomy (hi-dat-id-os'to-n:J) [G. stoma,

material found in degenerating cells, the result of mouth.] The surgical evacuation of an hydatid
'
colloid degeneration of the cytoplasm or the re- cyst.
 . ;

HYDATOID 464 HYDRARGYRI

hydatoid (hi'dS-toyd) [G. hydorQiydaU) , water, + urea in 100 of water; employed hypodermically, in
eidos, resemblance.] i. The aqueous humor. '

2. daily doses of TTJiS (i -o) for syphilis.

h,. chlo'ridum corrosi'vum (U.S.), corrosive chloride
The hyaloid m.embrane. 3. Relating to the
aqueous hum.or. of mercury, hydrargyri perchloridum (Br.), perchlo-
ride of mercury, bichloride of mercury, corrosive
hydnocar'pus. A genus of trees of India and Bur-
sublimate, mercuric chloride, HgCh; occurs in white
mah. H. kurz'ii, a species, the ripe seed of which crystalline masses soluble in 13 parts of water; anti-
is gynocardia or chaulmugra.* septic, parasiticide, alterative, and antisyphilitic;
hydracetin (hi-dras'et-in). Pyrodin, acetylphenyl- dose, gr. ^^g (0.001-0.003).
hydrazine; a. colorless crystalline powder; inter- h. chlo'ridum mi'te (U.S.), mild chloride of mercury,
nally antipyretic in doses of gr. J— 2 (0.03-0.13); hydrargyri subchloridum (Br.), subchloride of mer-
used externally in psoriasis and other skin cury, mercurous chloride, calomel, HgCl; a fine white
diseases.
powder insoluble in water; intestinal antiseptic, laxa-
tive, cholagogue, alterative, and antisyphilitic in doses
hydracid (hi-dras'id) [kydr(ogen) + acidj] An acid
of gr. A-2 (0.006-0.13)-
having no oxygen atoms.
h. cyan'idum, cyanide of mercury, cyanuret of
hydradenitis (hi-drad-en-i'(e')tis) [G kydor, water, mercury, mercuric cyanide, Hg(CN)2; occurs in color-
H- aden, gland, -I- -iiis.] Inflammation of a sweat- less prismatic crystals of bitter metallic taste; altera-
gland, h. des'truens suppurati'va, a furuncle tive and antisyphilitic in doses of gr. ^
(0.005).
from infection through a sweat-gland instead of h. et zin'ci cyan'idum, cyanide of mecury and zinc,
(as more usual) a hair-follicle. mercuric and zinc cyanide Lister's
, double salt
hydradeno'ma [G hydor, water, -t- aden, gland, -f- employed on gauze as an antiseptic, non-irritant
'Oma.] A
small tumor arising from a sweat-gland. surgical dressing.
h. formam'idum» mercuric formamide, mercury
hydrsemia. Hydremia.
formamidate, a solution of mercuric oxide in forma-
hydraSroperitone'um [G, hyddr, water, +
aer, air.] mide; employed hypodermically in dose of HPiS (i c) .

Hydropneumoperitoneum every second day for syphilis.

hydragogue (hi'drah-gog) [G. kydor, water, -H agogos, h, gal'las^ mercuric gallate, prepared by mixing
drawing forth.] Producing a discharge of watery- equal quantities of mercuric oxide and gallic acid; a
fluid; noting a class of cathartics which cause a greenish black insoluble powder, employed in syphilis
serous flux into the intestine. in doses of gr. i-i (0.03-0.06).
h. io'das, mercuric iodate, a white amorphous pow-
hydram'mon, hydram'nios [G. hydor, water.] The
der, soluble in water containing potassium iodide or
presence of an excessive amount of amniotic sodium chloride; employed hypodermically in syphilis
fluid; dropsy of the amnion. in doses of gr. J- i (o.oi—o.ors) every second day.
hy'dramyl. Pentane. h. io'didum. fla'vum (U.S.), yellow mercurous iodide,
hydranencephaly (hi"dran-en-sef'3.-ll). Internal protiodide of mercury, yellow, or green, iodide of
hydrocephalus distention of the ventricles of the
,
mercury, Hgl; a bright yellow powder without odor or
brain by an accumulation of fluid. taste; employed especially in the treatment of the
secondary stage of syphilis in doses of gr, J-i (0.015-
hydran'gea [G. hydor, water, -H angeion, vessel.]
0.06).
(N.P.) ,Seven-barks, the dried root of Hydran- h. io'didumru'brum(U.S., Br.), red mercuric iodide,
gea arborescent, n shrub common in the Ohio biniodide of mercury, deutoiodide of mercury, Hglz;
Valley; diuretic and popularly regarded as anti- occurs as bright red crystals or powder, very slightly
lithic; a fluidextract is the usual form in which soluble in water; employed in syphilis in doses of gr.
the drug is used; dose, vji^o (2 .0). A (0.004).
hydran'gin. A glucoside C^Jizs^ut derived from h. io'didum vir'ide (U.S., 1880), green iodide of
mercury, hydrargyri iodidum flavum.
hydrangea, or seven-barks; like the crude drug
h. lac'tas, mercurous lactate, a white crystalline
it is diuretic and narcotic.
powder, slightly soluble in water; employed in syphilis
hydrargyri (hi-drar'ji-ri) Gen. of hydrargyrum, hypodermically in doses of TiPis (i .0) of a i per cent,
mercury solution,
h. naphtholace'tas, mercuric naphthol-acetate, oc-
h. ace'tas, (i) mercurous acetate, CHsCOOHg, occur- curring in the form of a yellowish powder or acicular
ring as white scaly crystals, soluble in 330 parts of crystals; employed for the same purposes as the
water; employed in syphilis in doses of gr. i-J (o.oi- naphtholate.
0.03), and also externally in skin diseases; (2) mercuric h. naphtho'las, mercuric naphtholate, mercury beta-
acetate, (CHaC00)2Hg, occurring as colorless plates naphthol, a grayish or yellowish white powder em-
soluble in 4 parts of water; employed like the mercur- ployed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 4-1
ous acetate in the same doses. (0.03-0.06) and hypodermically in syphilis in doses
h. albu'minas, albuminate of mercury, made by of gr. i—5" (o.oT-o.oa).
adding mercuric chloride to egg albumin; employed as h. ni'tras, nitrate of mercury, (i) mercurous
a powder in antiseptic surgical dressings. nitrate, a yellow crystalline powder sometimes
h. am'ido-ace'tas, h. glycocoU. employed in syphilis and as an antiseptic in doses of
h. amidoproplo'nas, mercuric amidopropionate, mer- gr. i (o.oi); (2) mercuric nitrate, a white powder
curic alanate, alanin-mercury, occurring as colorless soluble in water; employed as an alterative and anti-
acicular crystals soluble in water; employed subcu-
taneously in the treatment of syphilis.
syphilitic in doses of gr. ^J(0.004-0.008), and
locally as a caustic.
h. amidosuccln'amas^ mercuric amidosuccinamate, h. o'leas (Br.), mercuric oleate, oleate of mercury,
asparagin-mercury, made by adding mercuric oxide to oleatum hydrargyri (U.S.); hard soap 16, oleic acid
a solution of asparagin; employed hypodennically in 1, dissolve in boiling watei 88, add mercuric chloride 8-
syphilis. dissolved in water 80; boil, decant, and wash the
h. ben'zoas, mercuric benzoate, colorless acicular precipitated oleate free from chlorides.
crystals only slightly Soluble in water; employed in h. ox'idum fla'vum (U.S., Br.), yellow mercuric
hypodermic injection for syphilis. oxide, precipitated oxide of mecury, HgO; a yellow
h. bro'midum corrosiViun, corrosive mercuric bro- amorphous^ powder, employed locally in ointment
mide, a white crystalline powder, having properties as an application to sore eyelids, sties, and conjunc-
similar to those of corrosive sublimate. tivitis, in the strength of gr. 2 (0.13) to the ounce
h. bro'midum ml'te, mild mercurous bromide, (30.0) of ointment.
resembles calomel in physical and therapeutic proper- h. ox'idum ru'brum (U.S., Br.), red mercuric oxide,
ties. peroxide of mercury, red oxide of mercury, red pre,
h. car'bolas, mercuric carbolate, hydrargyri phenas. cipitate, HgO; a brownish or yellowish red powder-
h. chlo'ridi carbam'idum, mercuric chloride-urea, almost insoluble in water; used diluted as a dusting
a solution of i part mercuric chloride and 5 parts powder and in the form of ointment to syphilitic lesions
 J
;

HYDRARGYRI 46s HYDRIC

h. ozycyan'idiun, mercuric oxycyanide, a white licmercury and 57 parts prepared chalk; em-
crystalline powder; has been employed by injection ployed in the treatment of infantile syphilis and
in the treatment of syphilis.
of bowel disturbances in children, in doses of gr.
h. paraphenolsulpho'nas, mercuric paraphenolsul-
phonate, hydrargyrol, occurs in reddish brown scaly 1—5 (0.06-0.3). ^- gly'cocoU, amidoacetate of
crystals, soluble in water; employed as an antiseptic mercury, employed in i per cent, solution by
in place of corrosive sublimate. injection.
h. pep'tonas, mercuric peptonate, a solution contain- hydrarthrosis (hi-drar-thro'sis) [G. hydor, water, -I-
'ng the product of i part mercuric chloride, 3 parts arthron, joint.] Articular dropsy; effusion of a
peptone, in 100 parts water; dose, llUis (i.o) hypo- serous fluid into a joint cavity, intermitf ent h.,
dermically in syphilis.
an affection characterized by a periodically re-
h. perchlo'ridum (Br.), perchloride of mercury,
hydrargyri chloiidum corrosivum (U.S.).
curring serous effusion into the cavity of a joint
h. phe'nas, mercuric phenate, mercuric phenolate, the articulation may be the seat of rheumatoid
mercuric phenylate, mercuric carbolate, a grayish arthritis or other acute or chronic disease, or it
white crystalline powder; employed in syphilis in may be apparently normal in the intervals of the
doses of gr. i-J (0.02-0.03). attacks.
h. pyrobo'ras, mercuric pyroborate, mercuric borate, hydrar'thrus. Hydrarthrosis.
made by mixing solutions of borax and mercuric hydrastina (hi-dras-te'nah) (U.S.). Hydrastine, the
chloride and evaporating; a brownish insoluble
alkaloid of hydrastis, occurring in colorless prisms
powder, employed as a dusting powder for wounded
surfaces. practically insoluble in water; employed locally in
h. salicyl'as (U.S.), mercuric salicylate, a white the treatment of catarrhal inflammation of the
amorphous powder, insoluble in water; used in syphilis mucous membranes, and also internally in doses of
in doses of gr. f-i (o .008-0 .06). gr. J-i (0.015-0.03). hydrasti'nae hydrochlo'-
h. sozoiod'olas, mercuric sozoiodolate, a yellow ridum (U.S.), hydrastine hydrochloride, occurs
powder soluble in saline solution; employed subcu-
as a hygroscopic, creamy-white, odorless pow-
taneously and locally in syphilis.
h. subchlo'ridum (Br.), subchloride of mercury,
der, soluble in water and alcohol; dose, gr. J—
calomel, hydrargyri chloridum mite (U.S.). (0.01-0.02).
h. Bubsij'phas fla'vus, yellow subsulphate of mer- hydrastinina (hi-dras-tin-e'nah). An artificial alka-
cury, yellow mercuric sulphate, basic mercuric sul- loid prepared by treating hydrastine with oxidiz-
phate, turpeth mineral a lemon -yellow powder; ing agents in acid solution, hydrastini'nse hy-
emetic and alterative, dose, gr. 2-4 (o. 13-0.25). drochlo'ridum (U.S.), hydrastinine hydrochloride
h. succinimi'dum, mercuric succinimide, a white
occurs as a yellowish crystalline powder; em-
crystalline powder soluble in water; employed in dose
of gr. i (0.012) intramuscularly every other day in
ployed in uterine hemorrhage and as an oxytocic
tuberculosis and other diseases of bacterial origin. in hypodermic doses of gr. ^i(0.03-0.06).
h. sul'phas, mercuric sulphate, normal mercuric hydras'tis [G. hydrastina, wild hemp.] (U.S.) The
sulphate, a white crystalline powder the basic— dried rhizome of Hydrastis canadensis, a native
mercuric sulphate is yellow; employed in the manu- of the eastern United States, golden seal, yellow
facture of other mercurials. root, Indian turmeric, jaundice-root; employed
h. Bul'phidum ni'grum, black sulphide of mercury,
in the treatment of chronic catarrhal states of the
sethiops mineral; is not now employed in medicine.
h. sul'phidum ru'bmm, red sulphide of mercury,
mucous membranes and in metrorrhagia, in
red mercuric sulphide, cinnabar, Paris red, vermilion; doses of gr. 10—30 (0.6—2.0).
the ore from which metallic mercury ^s obtained. hy'drate [G. hydor, water.] A compound contain-
h. taa'nas, mercurous. tannate, occurs in brownish ing water in chemical union; an aqueous sol-
green scales; employed in syphilis in doses of gr. 1-2 vate*; hydroxide.
(0.06-0.13). hy'drated. Combined with water, forming a hy-
h. thymolace'tas, mercuric thymolacetate, a white
drate.
(yystalline powder practically insoluble in water;
employed in syphilis in doses of gr. i-i (0.03-0.06),
hydra'tion. The chemical union of a substance with
and also subcutaneously in suspension in liquid water.
paraffin. hydraulics (hi-draw'liks) [G. hydor, water, + aulas,
a pipe.] The science which treats of water in its
hydrargyria (hi-drar-jir'I-ah) [L. hydrargyrum, mer- kinetic relations.
cury.] Mercurial poisoning, mercurialism, hy- hydrazine (hi'drS-zen). Diamine, any member of
drargyrism; marked by ptyalism, tremors, etc. the group HjN — NH^, from which phenylhy-
hydiaigyrism (hi-drar-ji-izm). Hydrargyria. drazine and similar reduction products are
hydrar'gyrol. Hydrargyri paraphenolsulphonas. derived.
hydrargyrum, gen. hydrar'gyri (hi-drar'ji-rum) [G. hydrazone (hi'drS^zon). A substance derived
hydor, water, + argyros, silver.] (U.S., Br.). from aldehydes and ketones by reaction with
. Mercury, quicksilver; a heavy, silvery, liquid phenylhydrazine.
metal, symbol Hg, atomic weight, 200 employed ; hydre'mia, hydrse'mia [G. hydor, water, -t- haitna,
in thermometers, barometers, manometers, and blood.] A condition in which there is an excess
other scientific instruments many of ts salts are
; of the fluid portion of the blood.
employed in medicine as antiseptics, parasiticides, hydrencephalocele (hi"dren-sef'al-o-sel) [G. hydor,
alteratives, and antisyphilitics. [For the salts water, -I- enkephalos, brain, + kele, tumor.]
of mercury, see under hydrargyri.] h. ammonia'- Protrusion, through a cleft in the skull, of brain
tum (U.S., Br.), ammoniated mercury, mercuric substance expanded into a sac containing fluid.
ammonium a white
chloride, white precipitate, hydrenceph'alus [G. hydor, water, + enkephalos,
amorphous powder; employed externally in brain.] Hydranencephaly, inter-: al hydrocepha-
ointment in the treatment of skin diseases, h. lus.
colloida'le, colloidal mercury, hyrgol, a nearly hydriatic (hi-drJ-at'ik) [G. hydor, water, +
iatikos,
black, tasteless powder; has been employed by healing.] Hydriatric, hydrotherapeutio.
inunction in hereditary syphilis, also internally hydriat'ric [G. hydor, water, +iatrikos, relating to
in doses of iTg3— 10 (0.2-0.6) of a 1 per cent, medicine.] Hydrotherapeutlc, relating to the
aqueous solution, h. cum cre'ta (U.S., Br.), use of water in the treatment of disease.
mercury with chalk, gray powder, aethiops creta- hy'dric. Relating to hydrogen in chemical com-
ceus, a gray powder composed of 38 parts metal- bination.
HYDRIDE 466 HYDROGENOID

hydride (hi'drid, hi'drid). A compound of hydro- hydrochlo'rate. A

salt of hydrochloric acid.
gen with another element or a radical. hydrochlo'ric acid. See under acidum.
hyd'riodate. A salt of hydriodic acid. hydrocholecystis (hi-dro-ko-le-sis'tis) [G. hydor,
hydriod'ic acid. See under acidum. water, + chole, bile, -I- kystis, bladder.] An
hydri'odol. Cypridol. effusion of serous fluid into the gall-bladder.
hydro- [G. hydor, water.] A prefix denoting water hydrocinnam'ic acid. Beta-phenyl-propionic acid,
or hydrogen. a cinnamic acid derivative, occurring in white,
hydro'a [G. hydor, water.] Any bullous eruption. feathery crystals; recommended in the treatment
h. gestlva'le [L. tssiivus, summer], h. vacciniforme, of tuberculosis in doses of gr. |-ij (0.045-0.1).
h. febri'le, herpes simplex, h. herpetifor'nie,
hydrocirsocele (hi-dro-sur'so-sel). Hydrocele com-
dermatitis herpetiformis, h. puero'ruxn [L. of
plicated with variocele.
boys], h. vacciniforme, h. vaccinifor'me, an
hydrocol'pos [G. hydor, water, -(- kolps, sinus
inflammatory eruption of vesicles, occurring in
(vagina).] accumulation of mucus or other
An
hot weather, affecting children, especially boys,
non-sanguineous fluid in the vagina.
and followed by permanent scars.
hydroappendix (hi"dro-^-pen'diks). Distention of hydroco'turnine. An
alkaloidal principle derived
from narcotine action of nascent hydro-
by the
the vermiform appendix with a serous fluid.
hydrobilirubin (hi"dro-bil-![-ru'bin). A substance, gen, CizHisNOs, occurring in the form of color-
thought to be a derivative of bilirubin, found some- less prisms.
times in the urine in cases of fever. Hydrocotyle (hi-dro-kot'i-le) [G. hydor, water, +
hydrobro'mate. A salt of hydrobromic acid. kotyle, cup.] A
genus of plants of the order
hydrobro'mic acid. See under acidum, Umbelliferce. H. asiat'ica, shilling-grass, Indian
hydrocar'bon. A compound containing only hydro- pennywort, a shrub growing in wet places in
gen and carbon, sat'urated h., a h. which con- tropical regions, employed as an alterative in
tains the greatest possible number of hydrogen doses of gr. 8-15 (0.5-1.0). H. contel'la,
atoms, leaving no free valencies. South African pennywort, used in dysentery.
hydrocele (hi'dro-sel; as a Latin word, hi-dro-se'le) hydrocyan'ic acid. An extremely poisonous,
[G. hydor, water, + kele, hernia.] A collection of colorless liquid, HCN, employed in diluted form
serous fluid in a sacculated cavity; specifically, in medicine; see under acidum.
such a collection in the tunica vaginalis testis. hy'drocyst [G. hydor, water, + kystis, bladder.] A
cer'vical h., h. colli, a, cyst formed by secretion cyst with limpid contents.
into a persistent duct or fissure of the neck. hydrocysto'ma [G. hydor, water, -H kystis, bladder,
congen'ital h., a collection of fluid in the open + ~dma.] An eruption of deeply seated vesicles,
tube leading from the abdominal cavity to the due to retention of fluid in the sweat-follicles;
investing sac of the testis, funic'ular h., fluid in properly written hidrocystoma.
a portion of the tunica vaginalis shut off from hydrodynamics (hi-dro-di-nam'iks) [G. hydor,
both testis and abdominal cavity, h. coll'i, water, + dynamis, force.] The branch of
cervical h. fem'inae, an accumulation of
h. physics which treats of the force of liquids.
serous fluid in the labiiun majus or in the canal hydroelectric (hi-dro-e-lek'trik) Relating to a
.

of Nuck. h. mulie'bris, h. feminae. h. spina'lis, combination of electricity and water, as the elec-
spina bifida. tric bath. •

hydrocenosis (hi"dro-sen-o'sis) [G. hyddr(hydr-), hydroenceph'alocele [G. hydor, water, -)- enkepha-
water, -1- .kendsis, an emptying.] Removal of a los, brain, -|- kele, hernia.] Hydrencephalocele.
dropsical fluid by operation or medicinal means. hydroferricyan'ic acid. A hexabasic acid, HeFez-
hydrocephal'ic. Relating to or suffering from (CN)i2, forming a ferricyanide with a base.
hydrocephalus. hydroferrocyan'ic acid. A tetrabasic acid, HiTe-
hydrocephalocele (hi-dro-sef'al-o-sel). Hydrenceph- (CN)6, forming a ferrocyanide in combination
alocele. with a base.
hydroceph'aloid [G. eidos, resemblance.] i. Resem- hydrogel (hi'dro-jel) [G. hydor, water, + L. gelare,
bling hydrocephalus. 2. A condition in infants to congeal.] A colloid which solidifies in gelatin-
suffering from diarrhea or other exhausting dis- ous form with a large content of water.
ease, in which there are general symptoms hydrogen (hi'dro-jen) [G. hydor, water, + gennad, I
resembling those of hydrocephalus without, produce.] An odorless, colorless, tasteless ele-
however, any abnormal accumulation of cerebro- ment, gaseous at ordinary temperatures and pres-
spinal fluid. sure; symbol H, atomic weight I. It is the lightest
hydroceph'alus [G. hydor, water, + kephale, head.] known substance, and the weight of one of its
A condition, usually congenital, marked by an atoms is the unit of atomic weights. It is readily
extensive effusion of serum into the cerebral replaceable in many compounds by other elements
ventricles, dilating these cavities, thinning the or radicals, and this substitution of the hydrogen
brain, and causing a separation of the cranial atoms in an acid forms a salt. h. dioxide, h. per-
bones; there may also be an accumulation of
' oxide, oxygenated water, golden liquid; a colorless,
fluid in the subarachnoid space, acute' h., syrupy liquid, HjOj, a powerful oxidizing agent,
basilar (tuberculous) meningitis, chron'ic h., being used as a disinfectant in aqueous solutions
a gradual accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of 15 to 20 volume strength, h. monox'ide,
of the brain, occurring in infancy, causing enlarge- water, h. perox'ide, h. dioxide, sul'phtireted h,,
ment of the head and signs of mental deficiency. h. sulphide, HjS, a colorless, inflammable gas of
exter'nal h., an accumulation of fluid in the sub- fetid odor, formed in the deconniposition of
arachnoid spaces of the brain, inter'nal h., h. in organic matter conta,ining sulphur.
which the accumulation of fluid is confined to hydrogenoid constitution (hi'dro-jen-oyd kon-sti-
the ventricles, Whytt'sdisease.hydranencephaly. tu'shun). In homeopathy one of von Grauvogel's
pri'mary h., chronic h. sec'ondary h., an accu- three constitutional groups, the one in which there
mulation of fluid in the cranial cavity, due to is too great an amount of fluid in the blood and

meningitis or obstruction to the venous flow. tissues, hydremia. See oxygenoid constitution and
hy drochinone (hi-dro-kin'on) Hydroquinone.
.
carhonitrogen constitution.
HYDROGLOSSA 467 HYDROPNEUMOPERICARDIUIV

hydioglos'sa [G. hydorQiydr-), water, + glossa,

. hydronephro'sis [G. hydor, water, -t- nephros, kidney.
tongue.] Ranula. Dilatation of the pelvis and calyces of one o
hydrohematonephrosis (hi-dro-hem-S.-to-ne-fro'- both kidneys in consequence of obstruction to th
sis) [G. hydor, water, + haima, blood, + flow of urine. '

nephros, kidney, + -osis.] The presence of hy"dronephrot'ic. Relating to hydronephrosis.

blood and urine in the dilated pelvis and calyces hydroparasal'pinx [G. hydor, water, + para, beside
of the kidney. + salpinx, trumpet.] An accumulation of serou
hydrohymenitis (hi-dro-hi-men-i'(e')tis) [G. hydor, fluid in the accessory tubes of the Fallopian tube
water, + hymen, membrane, + -itis.'\ Inflamma- hydropath'ic. i. Relating to hydropathy. 2. Hy
tion of a serous membrane. drotherapeutic. 3. In England, a half sanato
hydrokinet'ics [G. hydor, water, + kinesis, m.otion.] rium, half boarding-house, located at a watering
Hydraulics hydrodynamics.
; place.
hydrolase (hi'dro-laz). Hydrolyst. hydropathy (hi-drop'^-thi) [G. hydor, water, H
hydrolein (hi-dro'le-iu) . Trade name of an emulsion pathos, suffering.] The use of water in th'
of cod-liver oil. treatment of disease; frequently, the unscientifii
hydrol'ogy [G. hydor, water, + -logia."] The science use of water, as distinguished from hydro
which treats of water in all itssolutions. therapy.
hy'drolymph. The circulating fluid in many of the hydropericarditis (hi-dro-per-I-kar-di'(de')tis) [G
invertebrates. hydor, water.] Pericarditis with a large serou
hydrol'ysis [G. hydor, water, -1- lysis, setting free.] effusion.
A chemical process whereby a compound takes hydropericar'dium. A non-inflammatory accumula
up oxygen and hydrogen in the proportion form- tion of serum in the pericardial sac.
ing water and is thereupon resolved into other hydroperinephrosis (hi"-dro-per-I-ne-fro'sis) [G. hy
compounds; the result is called splitting ("fat- dor, water, -I- peri, around, +
nephros, kidney.
splitting," "starch-splitting," etc.) when it is Anascarca of the connective tissue surroundinj
induced in the animal or vegetable body through the kidney, in addition frequently to an ac
the action of enzymes. ctimulation of urine within the pelvis am
hy'drolyst. A ferment which induces hydrolysis. calyces.
hydrolyt'lc. Referring to or causing hydrolysis. hydroper'ion [G, hydor, water, -h peri, about, + oon
hy'drolyze. To subject to hydrolysis. egg.] A thought to be present, in the earl;
fluid
hy'dromel [G. hydor, water, -f- meli, honey.] A stages of embryonic development, between th"
mixture of honey and water, used as an ex- decidua vera and decidua reflexa.
cipient. hydroperitone'um, hydroperito'nia [G hydorQiydr-)
hydromeningitis (hi-dro-men-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. hy- water, + periionaion, peritoneum.] Ascites.
dor, water, + meninx, membrane, + 'itis.l 1. hy'drophil, hydrophil'ic. Hydrophilous.
Hydrocephalus intemus. 2. Cyclitis. 3. Men- hydrophilous (hi-drof'I-Ius) [G. hydorQiydr-), water
ingitis with profuse serous eflfusion. -1- philos, fond.] i. Bibulous, readily taking u]
hydromeningocele (hi-dro-men-in'go-sel) [G. hydor, moistiure. 2. In botany, pollinated by the agenc;
water, -f- meninx, membrane, + kele, hernia.] of water. 3. Lyophilic, lyophilous.
Protrusion of the meninges of brain or spinal cord hydrophobia (hi-dro-fo'bi-ah) [G. hydor, water
through a defect in the bony wall, the sac so + phobos, fear.] Lyssa, rabies in man.
formed containing fluid. hydropho'bic i. Relating to or suffering fron
hydrom'eter [G. hydor, water, H- meiron, measure.] hydrophobia. 2. Lyophobic.
An instrument for determining the specific hydropho'bin. Lyssin, the virus of rabies o:
gravity of a liquid. hydrophobia.
hydrome'tra [G. hydor, water, + metra, uterus.] hydrophobi'num. A homeopathic nosode preparet
An accumulation of thin mucus or other watery from the virus of rabies.
fluid in the cavity of the uterus. hydropho"bopho'bia. Lyssophobia.
hydromet'ric. Relating to hydrometry or the hydrophthal'mos, hydrophthal'mus [G. hydor, water
hydrometer. -I- ophthalmos, eye.] Buphthalmos.
hydrom'etry. The determination of the specific hydrophysometra (hi"dro-fi"-so-me'trah) [G. hydor
gravity of a fluid by means of an hydrometer. water, + physa, gas, -I- metra, uterus.] The pres
hydrom'phalus [G. hydor, water, -f, omphalos, ence of fluid and gas in the uterine cavity.
mnbilicus.] A cystic tumor at the umbilicus. hydrop'ic. Dropsical relating to dropsy
;

hydromyelia (hi-dro-mi-e'l!-ah) [G. hydor, water, -t- hydropigenous (hi-dr6-pij'en-us) [G. hydrops, dropsy
myelos, marrow.] An increase of fluid in the di- -t- gennao, 1 produce.] Causing dropsy, noting
lated central canal of the spinal cord, or in con- forms of renal and cardiac disease.
genital cavities elsewhere in the cord substance; hydropitherapy (hi"drop-I-ther'a-pi) [G. hydrops
hydrorrhachis interna. dropsy, + therapeia, treatment.] 1. Treatmen
hydromyelocele (hi-dro-mi'el-o-sel) [G. hydor, water, of dropsy. 2. Treatment of disease, such as can

+ myelos, marrow, -I- feeZe, tumor, hernia.] The cer, by the injection of dropsical, especially as
protrusion of a portion of cord, thinned out into a citic, fluid taken from a person undergoing spon
sac distended with cerebrospinal fluid, through a taneous cure of the disease.
spina bifida. hydroplasma (hi-dro-plaz'mah) [G. hydor, water
hydromyo'ma. A
myoma containing cysts. -I- plasma, thing formed.] The fluid part 01
hy'dronal. Viferral, a white, slowly soluble powder, protoplasm.
obtained by the reaction of chloral and pyridin; hydropneumatosis (hi-dro-nu-mS-to'sis) [G. hydor
hypnotic in doses of gr lo-i 5 (o 6-1 o). . . water, + pneuma, breath, spirit.] Combined
hydrone (hi'dron) [G. hydor, water, -|- on, being.] emphysema and edema, the presence of liquic
The fundamental unit, or simplest constituent, and gas in the tissues.
of water, which latter is regarded as a mixture hydropneumopericardium (hi-dro-nu"mo-per-I-kar'-
of two or more of these units, of varying mole- dl-um) [G. hydor, water, + pneuma, breath;
cular complexity according to its state as solid, spirit.] The presence of a serous effusion and
liquid, or gaseous. of gas in the pericardial sac.
 HYD ROPNEUMOPERITONEUM 468 HYDROZONE

hydropneuinoperitoneuin(hi-dro-nu"mo-per-I-to-ne'- water.] A sphygmograph in which the pulse beat

um) [G. hyddr, water, + pneuma breath, spirit.] is transmitted to the recorder through a column
The presence of gas and serous fluid in the of water.
'peritoneal cavity. hydrospirom'eter [G hyddr, water.] A spirometer
hydropneumothoraz (hi"dro-nu"-nio-tho'raks) [G. in which the force of the expired air is indicated
hyddr, water, + pneuma, air.] The presence of by the rise of a colimin of water.
both gas and a serous effusion in the pleural cavity. hydrostat'ic. Relating to the pressure of fluids or
hy'drops. [G. hydrdps.l Dropsy, hydropsy, h. to their properties when in equilibrium. h. ,

abdom'inis, abdominal dropsy, hydroreritonia, test, see test.

ascites.* h. ad mat'ulam [L. matula, urinal], hydrostat'ics [G. hyddr, water, +
statos, standing.]
polyuria, diabetes, h. an'tri, a serous effusion Science relating to the physical properties of
in the antrum of Highmore. h. artic'uli, hydrar- liquids in a state of equilibrium.
throsis, h. asthmat'icus, beriberi, h. follic'uli, hydrosudopathy (hi"dro-su-dop'a-thI) [G. hyddr
accumulation of fluid in a Graafian follicle, h. (Jiydr-), water, +
L. sudor, sweat, +
G. pathos,
hypos'trophos, angioneurotic edema, h. tu'bse, Hydrosudotherapy.
suffering.]
hydrosalpinx, h. tu'bse pro'fluens, a discharge hydrosudotherapy (hi"dro-su"do-ther'a-pI) [G. hyddr
of watery fluid from the oviduct; intermittent (hydr-), water, -f- L. sudor, sweat, + G. therapeuo,
hydrosalpinx, h. vesi'cse fel'leae, dropsy of the I heal.] Hydrotherapy combined with induced
gall-bladder, distention of the gall-bladder with sweating, as in the Turkish bath.
fluid. hydrosyringomyelia (hi"dro-sir-in"go-nii-e'-U-ah) [G.
hydropyonephrosis (hi"dro-pi"o-ne-fro'sis) [G. hyddr, hyddr, water, + syrinx, a tube, + myelos, mar-
water, -I- pyon, pus, + nephros, kidney.] The row.] The presence of abnormal spaces in the
presence of purulent urine in the pelvis and calyces spinal cord with distention of the central canal by
of the kidney following obstruction in the ureter. the cerebrospinal fluid.
hydropyrine (hi-dro-pi'rin). Trade name of a hydrotherapeut'ics [G. hyddr, water, + therapeuo, I
lithium salt of acetyl-salicylic acid; a light crys- treat disease.] Hydrotherapy.
talline powder of a pleasant acid taste; recom- hydrother'apy [G. hyddr, water, + therapeia, treat-
mended as a substitute for sodium salicylate in ment.] Treatment of disease by means of water
rheumatism, and neuralgia. applied in various ways; the scientific use of
hydroquinol (hi-dro-kwin'ol, hi-dro-kin'ol). Hy- water in therapeutics, as distinguished from
droquinone. hydropathy, or its empirical application.
hydroquinone (hi-dro-kwin'on, hi-dro-kin'on). Hy- hydrothionemia, hydrothioneeinia (hi-dro-thi-o-ne'-
droquinol, hydrochinone, quinol, an isomer of ml-ah) [G. hyddr, water, -|- iheion, sulphur, +
resorcinol; a reduction product of quinone by haima, blood.] The presence of sulphureted
sulphurous acid; occurs in colorless crystals hydrogen in the blood.
soluble in 17 parts of water; has been employed hydrothionuria (hi-dro-thi-o-nu'rl-ah) [G. hyddr,
as an antipyretic in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3-0.6), water, -I- theion, sulphur, -f- ouron, tirine.] The
and also externally as an antiseptic; used in exci;etion of sulphureted hydrogen in the iirine.
photography as a developer. hydrotho'rax [G. hyddr, water.] A non-inflamma-
hydrorrhachis (hi-dror'S-kis) [G. hyddrQiydr-), tory effusion of serous fluid in the pleural
water, -I- rhachis, spine.] Dropsy of the spinal cavity.
cord, an increase in the cerebrospinal fluid hydro'tis [G. hyddr, water, +
ous{dt-), ear.] A
between the membranes and the cord {k. exter'- serous effusion in the tympanum or internal ear.
na) or in the central canal or cavities formed in hydrot'omy. Tearing
apart the tissue elements,
the cord substance (h. inter'na).. in histology, by means
of water.
hydroirhacliitis (hi-dror-S-ki'(ke')tis) [G. hyddr, hydrotropism (hi-drot'ro-pizm) [G. hyddr, water, -I-
water, +rhachis, spine, -1- -itis.'] Inflammation tropos, a turning.] The property in growing or-
of the spinal cord or its membranes, with a marked ganisms of turning toward a moist surface
serous effusion. (positive h.) or away from a moist surface (nega-
hydrorrhea, hydrorrhoea (hi-dror-re'ah) [G. hyddr tive h.).
Qiydr-), water, -1- rhoia, flow.] A
profuse dis- hydrotym'panuin [G. hyddr, water.] serous A
charge of watery fluid from any part. h. grav'ldse, effusion in the tympanum.
I
h. gravida'tum, discharge of a watery fluid from the hydro-ureter (hi"dro-u-re'ter) [G. hyddr, water.]
i vagina during pregnancy, na'sal h., rhinorrhea, a Distention of the ureter with urine, due to stric-
profuse discharge of watery fluid from the nasal txae or a calculus or newgrowth.
mucous membrane. hydrova'rium [G. hyddr, water,] The presence of
hydrosal'pinx [G. hyddr, water, + salpinx, trumpet.] an ovarian cyst.
An accumulation of serous fluid in the Fallopian hydrox'ide. Hydrate, a compound containing
tube. hydroxy!.
hydrosarcocele (hi-dro-sar'ko-sel) [G. hyddr, water, hydroxybenzene (hi-drok-sS-ben'zen) Phenol..

-I- sarx(sark-), flesh, + kele, tumor.] A chronic hydroxycholine (hi-drok-sl-ko'ISn). Muscarine.

swelling of the testis complicated with hy- hydrox'yl. The atom group or univalent radical
drocele. HO, resulting from the removal of an atom of
hydroEcbeocele (hi-dros'ke-o-sel) [G hyddr, water, hydrogen from the molecule of water; when this
H- oscheon, scrotum, + hele, hernia.] A scrotal atom is replaced by another element or radical
hernia complicated with a serous effusion in the the compound is an hydroxide.
sac. hydioxylamine hydrochloride (hi-droks-il'S-men
hy'drosol [G. h ddr, water, + L solubilis, soluble.] hi-dro-klo'rid). Oxyammonium hydrochloride,
A colloidal dispersion in which water is the dis- NHjOH.HCl, occurring as colorless hygroscopic
persion means; a permanent suspension in water crystals; employed as a substitute for pyrogallol,
of a solid in an extremely minute state of sub- ohrysarobin, and other reducing agents in the
division, as it were only one step removed from treatment of skin diseases.
a solution, hy'diozone. Trade name of an aqueous solution of
hydrosphygmograph (hi-dro-sfilg'mo-graf) [G. hyddr. hydrogen peroxide.
HYDRURIA 469 HYMENOLEPIS

hydru'ria [G. hydorQiydr-), water, + ouron, urine.] hy'lic [G. hyle, stuff, raw material.] Relating to the
Polyuria; the excretion of a greatly increased pulp tissues, the neuroblast, mesenchyme,
amovmt of watery urine without a proportionate striated muscle, and the notochord. h. tis'sues,
increase in the solids. primitive-pulp tissues, or "organs and tissues in
hydru'ric. Relating to hydruria. which the special characteristic is that the specific
hyetometry (hi-g-tom'e-tri) [G. hyetos, rain, + cells lie in, and are separated by, a definite stroma,
metron, measure.] The measurement of the homogeneous or fibrillar, in which there may or
amount of rainfall. may not be blood- and lymph-vessels." (Adami.)
hygiastic (hi-jl-as'tik) [G. hygiastos, to be healed.] h. tu'mor, pulp tiunor, hyloma.*
Hygienic, sanitary. hylo'ma [G. hyle, stuff crude matter, -I- -oma.'\ A
hygias'tics. The science of hygiene. hylic or pulp tumor, one due to hyperplasia of
hygieinism (hi'je-in-izm) [G. hygieia, health.] A tissues derived from the embryonic pulp of epi-
tendency to the extreme observance of hygienic blastic origin, atyp'ical h., gliosarcoma. mesen'-
laws. , chymal h., a tumor of tissue derived from the
hygieinization (hi-je-in-i-za'shun). Rendering hy- mesoblastic pulp or mesenchyme, mesothe'lial
gienic. h., a ttunor derived from tissue of mesothelial
hygieiolatry (hi-je-yoI'S-tri) [G. hygieia, health, + origin, typ'ical h., glioma, neuroma.
latreia, worship.] An extreme observance of the hylop'athism [G. hyle, matter, + pathos, feeling.]
laws of health. I. The theory that inanimate matter is endowed
hygieiology (hi-je-yol'o-ji) [G. hygieia, health + with sensation, a. The theory that disease
-ologyJ] I. The science of hygiene, -j. The depends upon a disarrangement of animal matter.
sum of all measures for the spread and populari- hylotropic (hi-lo-trop'ik) [G. hyle, matter, +
zation of public health knowledge. tropos, a turning. ] Noting a change of form or
hygieist (hi'je-ist) [G. hygieia, health.] One who condition, such as evaporation or freezing,
gives special study to the laws of health which occurs without change in composition of
hygiene (hi'je-en) [G. hygieinos healthful.] The the substance in question.
science of health. hylozo'ism [G. hyle, matter, + noon, animal.] The
hygienic (hi-je-en'ik). Healthful; relating to hy- theory that everything in nature, including the
giene; tending to preserve health. earth itself, possesses life.
Hygienic Laboratory coefficient (hi-jY-en'ik lab'o- hy'men [G. hymen, membrane.] A thin crescentic
ra-to-ri ko-S-fish'ent) [Referring to the Hygienic or annular fold partly closing the vaginal opening
Laboratory of the U.S. Public Health Service, in the virgin, h. bifenestra'tus, h. bifo'ris, one in
Washington.] See coefficient. which there are two openings separated by a
hygienist (hi'je-en-ist). One who is skilled in the wide septum; see h. septus, h. cribrifor'mls, one
science of health; hygieist. with a number of small perforations, h. den-
hy'gric [G. hygros, moist.] Relating to moisture. ticula'tus, one with markedly serrated edges, h.
hy'grine. Asubstance said to be an alkaloid derived imperfora'tus, one in which there is no opening,
from coca leaves. the membrane completely occluding the vagina.
hygrobleph'aric [G. hygros, moist, + blepharon, h. infundibullfor'mis, a projecting h. with a cen-
eyelid.] Moistening the eyelids, noting tl^6 ducts tral opening with sloping edges, h. sculpta'tus,
of the lacrymal glands.
hy'grol. Hydrargjrrum coUoidale.
hygro'ma, pi. hygrc/mata [G. hygros, fluid, -t- -oma.J
A cystic swelling containing a serous fluid,
such as tt cystic lymphangioma, housemaid's
knee, etc.
hygromed (hi'gro-med). An instrument for meas-
uring the amount of vapor given off from the skin.
hygromedry (hi-grom'e-dil) [G. hygros, moist.]
Determination of the amount of vapor given off
from a certain area of the skin.
hygrom'eter [G. hygros, moist, -I- metron, measure.]
An instrument for determining the amount of
moisture in the atmosphere.
1234s
Various Forms op the Hymen: i, Falciform or semi-
lunar; 2, fimbriated; 3, bilabiate; 4, biperf orate; s,
cribriform.
hygromet'ric. 1. Hydrophilous, hygroscopic. :i.

Relating to hygrometry. one with markedly uneven and ragged edges.

hygrom'etiy. The determination of the amount of h. sep'tus, one in which there are two openings,
moisture in the atmosphere. separated by a narrow band of tissue; see h.
hygroph'ila [G. hygros, moist, -f- phileo, I love.] bifenestratus. h. subsep'tus, one in which the
(B.A.) The dried herb, Hygrophila spinosa, a opening is partly closed by a thin band of appa-
plant of tropical Asia; diuretic and demulcent in rently adventitious tissue.
doses of S 1-2 (30 0—60 o) of a decoction i in i o.
. . , hy'menal. Relating to the hymen.
hygropho'bia [G. hygros, moist, -t- phobos, fear.] hymenitis (hi-men-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the
A morbid fear of moisture or dampness. hymen.
hy'groscope [G. hygros, moist, + skoped, I view.] hyme'nium [G. hymenion, dim. of hymen, membrane.]
An instrument for indicating the amount of In botany, a layer of the terminating portions of
moisture in the atmosphere. hyphae in fungi, forming the mother cells' of
hygroscop'ic. i. Relating to a hygroscope a. spores.
Bibulous, hydrophilous. Hymenol'epis [G. hymen, membrane, -I- lepis, rind.]
hygroscopy (hi-gros'ko-pl). The determination of A genus of Cestoda or tapeworms. H. diminu'ta,
the amount of moisture in the atmosphere. a tapeworm of rats and mice, seldom foimd in
hygrosto'mia [G. hygros, moist, + stoma, mouth.] man its larvae are harbored by beetles and cater-
;

Salivation. pillars. H. lanceola'ta, a tapeworm of aquatic

hy'la. Paraqueduct birds, found very exceptionally in man. H.
 .

HYMENOLEPIS 470 HYPERALBUMINOSIS

a deficient amount of albumin in the fluids of

murl'na, H. na'na, Tania nana, a very small tape- of
worm of man, sometimes found in great numbers the body.
in the intestine the cysticercus is not known, but
;
hypalgesia (hi-pal-je'zl-ah) [G. hypo, under, + algos,

it is believed the worm may develop through all

Lessened sensibility to pain.
pain.]
its stages in a single host. hypalge'sic, hypalget'ic. Relating to hypalgesia,
hymenol'ogy [G. hymen, membrane, + -logia.'] The having diminished sensitiveness to pain.
branch of anatomy and physiology dealing with hypal'gia. Hypalgesia.
the membranes of the body. hypam'nion, hypam'nios [G. hypo, under.] The
[G. hymen, presence of an abnormally small amount of
hymenorrhaphy (hi-men-or'r3,-fi)
amniotic fluid.
membrane, + rhaphe, a suture.] Suture of a
hypanacinesia, hypanacinesis (hi-pan"3,-sin-e's![-ah,
membrane.
hi-pan"-a-sin-e'sis) [G. hypo, under, + anakinesis.
hymenotome (hi-men'o-tom). A knife used in di-
a to-and-fro movement.] A diminution in the
viding the hymen or other membranes.
normal gastric or intestinal movements.
hymenot'omy [G. .hymen, membrane, -t- tomi,
hypanakine'sia. Hypanacinesia.
incision.] Division of an imperforate hymen.
hyparte'rial [G. hypo, beneath, + arteria, artery.]
1.

2. Anatomy of the membranes.

Below or beneath an artery, noting the bronchi
hyobas"ioglos'sus. The fasciculus of the hyoglos- which pass below the pulmonary arteries.
sus muscle which arises from the body of the hypasthe'nia [G. hypo, under, + astheneia, weak-
hyoid bone. ness.] Slight asthenia.
hyoepiglottic (hi"o-ep-I-glot'ik). Relating to the hypax'ial [G. hypo, beneath, + axis.] Below,
hyoid bone and the epiglottis, noting the elastic h. i.e anterior to the cerebrospinal axis.
ligament connecting the two structures. hypazoturia (hIp"az-o-tu'ri-ah). Hypoazoturia.
hyoepiglottidean (hi"o-ep-I-gl6-tid'e-an). Hyo- hypenceph'alon [G. hypo, under, + enkephalos,
epiglottic. brain.] The corpora quadrigemina, pons, and
hyoglos'sal [G. hyoeides, hyoid, -I- glossa, tongue.] medulla taken together.
Relating to the hyoid bone and the tongue, noting hypendocrisia (hip-en-do-krizl-ah). Hypoendo-
the h. membrane, an aponeurosis connecting crinism.
these two structures, and the h. muscle. hypeosinophil, hypeosinophile (hip-e-o-sin'o-fil) [G.
hyoglos'sus. See under musculus. hypo, under.] i. Taking an eosin dye with diffi-

hy'oid [G. hyoeides, like the letter ypsilon, T or u.] culty, or readily parting with it. 2 Any histo-
Y-shaped or U-shaped, noting the tongue bone, logical element which does not readily stain with
OS* hyoideum. eosin or which is easily decolorized, noting espe-
hy"opharynge'us. Musculus* constrictor pharyn- cially certain leucocyte granules.
gis medius [BNA]. hyper- [G. hyper, above, over.] A
prefix noting
hyosci'na. Hyoscine, an alkaloid isomeric, if not excessive, above the normal.
identical, with scopolamine, obtained from hyos- hyperacid (hi-per-as'id) Superacid, excessively
.

cyamus and stramonium, hyosci'nae hydrobro'- acid.

midum (Br.), scopolaminae hydrobromidum hyperacidaminuria (hi"per-as"id-am"in-u'ri-ah)
(U.S.), occurs in the form of colorless rhombic Acidaminuria, the passage of an excess of amino-
crystals, soluble in water, without odor, but acids in the urine.
with an acrid bitter taste; employed in the treat- hyperacid'ity [G. hyper, overmuch.] An abnormal
ment of mania and as an hypnotic in doses of gr. degree of acidity, hyperchlorhydria, for example.
rJin^tr (0.0004-0.0006). hyperac'tion. Overaction.
hyoscyamina (hi-os-si-ah-me'nah). Hyoscyamine, hyperactiv'ity. Superactivity, overactivity.
'
an alkaloid found in hyoscyamus, belladonna, and hyperacu'sia, hyperacu'sis [G. hyper, above, -I-
stramonium, an isomer of atropine; occurs in the akousis, hearing.] Abnormal acuteness of hear-
form of acicular crystals or of an amorphous ing, auditory hyperesthesia, due to increased
powder of an acrid taste; employed as an anti- irritability of the acoustic nerve.
spasmodic, hypnotic, and sedative in doses of gr. hyperacute'. Superacute.
lijT'^ (0.0004-0.0008). hyoscyami'nas hydro- hyperadeno'sis [G. hyper, above, +aden, gland, -t-
bro'miduin, hyoscyamine hydrobromide, occurs -Oiii.] Glandular enlargement, especially en-
in white prismatic crystals of an acrid bitter taste, largement of the lymphatic glands.
readily soluble in water; employed for the same hyperadipo'sis, hyperadipos'ity [G. hyper, over, -1-
purposes and in the same dose as the alkaloid. adiposis!\ An extreme degree of adiposis or
hyoscyami'nae sul'phas, hyoscyamine sulphate, oc- fatness.
curs as a white crystalline powder, of an acrid hyperadrenalemia (hi"pur-ad-re-nal-e'mi-ah) [G.
bitter taste, readily soluble in water; employed as hyper, over, + adrenal secretion + G. haima,
an antispasmodic, hypnotic, and sedative in doses blood.] Hyperadrenia, a condition in which the
of gr-xijn'f (0.0004-0.0008). adrenal secretion is present in undue proportion
hyoscyamus (hi-os-si'-S-mus) [G. hyoskyamos, hen- in the blood.
bane.] (U.S.) Hyoscy'amifo'lia (Br.) hyoscyamus hyperadrenia (hi"pur-ad-re'nit-ah) [G. hyper, over, +
leaves the leaves and flowering tops of Hyoscya-
; adrenal secretion.] The presence of symptoms
mus henbane, insane root, poison tobacco,
niger, due to the action of the adrenal secretion, either
stinking nightshade; anodyne, and antispasmodic because of increased activity of the gland or as a
in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). result of a diminished amount of antagonistic
hyothy'roid. Relating to the hyoid bone and thy- secretion, as of the pancreas for example.
roid cartilage, noting a membrane stretching be- hyperse'mia. Hyperemia.
tween the two, membrana* hyothyreoidea hypersemiza'tion, hyperemiza'tion. Production of
hypacid'ity. Subacidity. hyperemia.
hypacu'sia, hypacu'sis [G. hypo, under, + akousis, hyperssthe'sia. Hyperesthesia.
hearing.] Impaired hearing in consequence of hyperalbumino'sis. The occurrence of an abnor-
lessened irritability of the acoustic nerve. mally great amount of albumin in the fluids of
hypalbumino'sis [G. hypo, under.] The presence the body.
HYPERALGESIA 471 HYPERENDOCRISIA

hyperalgesia (hi-per-al-je'zl-ah) [G. hyper, overmuch, chylos, juice.] An excessive secretion of gastric
( algos, pain.] Extreme sensitiveness to painful juice.
stimuli. hypercinesia (hi-per-sin-e'sl-ah) [G. hyper, overmuch,
hyperalge'sic, hyperalget'ic. Relating to hj^eral- -I- kinesis, motion.] Excessive motility, super-
gesia, having an extreme sensitiveness to pain. motility. profess'ional h., occupation neurosis.*
hyperal'gia. Hyperalgesia. hypercrinism (hi-per-kri'nizm) [G. hyper, over,
hyperalimenta'tion. Superalimentation. 4- krino, I separate, secrete.] A
condition
hyperalimento'sis [G. hyper, over, + L. alimentum, resulting from an excessive secretion of any of
food, + G. -Oiij.] Any disease due to gluttony the glands, especially of the endocrine glands.
or excessive eating. hypercryaesthe'sia. Hypercryesthesia.
hyperalkales'cence. Superalkalinity. hypercryalgesia (hi"per-kri-al-je'zl-ah) [G. hyper,
hyperanacinesia, hyperanacinesis (hi"per-an"3,-sin- over, -I- kryos, cold, + algesis, the sense of pain.]
e'si-ah, hi"per-an"S-sin-e'sis) [G. hyper, over, Hypercryesthesia.
+ anakinlsis, to-and-fro movement.] Excessive hypercryesthe'sia [G. hyper, over, + kryos, cold, +
movement, of the stomach or intestine for aisthesis, sensation.] Extreme sensibility to
example. cold.
hyperanakine'sia. Hyperainacinesia. hypercyanotlc (hi-pur-si-an-ot'ik) [G. hyper,
hyperaph'ia [G. hyper, over, + haphe, touch.] above.] Marked by extreme cyanosis.
Extreme sensitiveness to touch. hypercyesia, hypercyesis (hi-per-si-e'sl-ah, hi-per-si-
hyperaph'ic. Marked by hyperaphia, or extreme e'sis) [G. hyper, over, +
kyesis, pregnancy.] The
tactile sensibility. presence of two embryos of different ages, not
hyperazotu'ria [G. hyper, over, + Fr. azote, nitrogen, twins, in the uterus; superfetation.
+ G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of an exces- hypercythe'mia, hypercyth^'mia [G. hyper, over-
sive amount of urea. much, + kytos, cell, + haima, blood.] The
hyperbrachycephaly (hi"per-brak-I-sef'al-i) [G. hyper, presence of an excessive number cf red blood-
over, + brachys, short, + kephale, head.] An corpuscles.
extreme degree of brachycephaly, with a cephalic hjrpercytochromia (hi"per-si"to-kro'm![-ah) [G. hyper,
index of over 85. above, + kytos, cell, + chroma, color.] Hy-
hyperbu'lia [G. hyper, over, + boule, will.] Exces- perchromatosis of a blood-cell.
sive wilftdness. hypercyto'sis [G. hyper, above, +
kytos, cell, +
hypercap'nia [G. hyper, above, in excess, kapnos, + -djii.] Hyperleucocytosis.
smoke, vapor.] The presence of carbon dioxide hyperdactyl'ia, hyperdac'tylism [G. hyper, overmuch,
in excess in the blood, resulting in overstimula- + daktylos, finger or toe.] The presence of
tion of the respiratory center. supernumerary fingers or toes.
hypercar'dia [G. hyper, over, -f- kardia, heart.] hyperdiastole (hi-per-di-as'to-le). Extreme cardiac
Hypertrophy of the heart. diastole.
hypercathar'sis [G. hyper, above, -f- a katharsis, hyperdicrot'ic. Very pronouncedly dicrotic; super-
cleansing,] Excessive movements of the bowels. dicrotic.
hypercathar'tic. i. Causing excessive purgation. hyperdic'rotism [G. hyper, over, -I- di-, two, +
2. An agent having an excessive purgative action. krotos, beat.] Extreme dicrotism.
hy"percemento'sis [G. hyper, over, + L. cemenium, hyperdiemorrhysis (hi"per-di-em-or'i-sis) [G. hyper,
cement, + G. -osis.l Overgrowth of the cemen- above, + dia, through, -I- haima, blood, + rhysis,
tum of the teeth. a flowing.] Capillary hyperemia.
hyperchlorhydria (hi"per-klor-hid'ri-ah) [G. hyper, hjrperdisten'tion. Superdistention.
overmuch, -I- chlorhydric{a.ci&).'\ The presence hyperdiure'sis [G. hyper, overmuch.] Extreme
.of an abnormal amount of hydrochloric acid in diuresis, polyuria.
the stomach, hyperhydrochloria. hyperdynam'ia [G. hyper, overmuch, dynamis,+
hyperchlo'ride. Perchloride, superchloride. force.] Extreme violence or muscular restless-
hypercholesterolemia (hi"pur-ko-les"ter-ol-e'mi- ness, h. u'teri, excessive uterine contractions in
ah) [G. hyper, above, +
cholesterol G. haima, + childbirth.
blood.] The presence of an excessive amount of hyperdynam'ic. Marked by hyperdynamia.
cholesterol in the blood. hyperem'esis [G. hyper, above, -t- emesis, vomiting.]
hypercholia (hi-per-ko'U-ah) [G. hyper, overmuch, + Excessive vomiting, h. gravida'rum, the un-
choU, bile.] Excessive secretion of bile. controllable vomiting of pregnancy, h. lacten'-
hyperchromasia (hi"per-krd-ma'sl-ah). Hjrperchro- tium, the vomiting of nurslings with pyloric
matism. stenosis.
hyperchromat'ic. Abnormally high colored or hyperemet'ic. Marked by excessive vomiting.
overpigmented. h. cell, a cell resulting from hypere'mia, hyperae'mia [G. hyper, over, -I- haima,
asymmetrical mitosis which contains too many blood.] The presence of an increased amount
chromosomes. of blood in a part; congestion, ac'tive h., h. due
hyperchromatin (hi-per-kro'mS,-tin). The azuro- to an increased afflux of arterial blood in the
phil portion of the chromatin. dilated capillaries, arte'rial h., active h. Bier's
hyperchromatism (hi"per-kro'm5-ti2m) [G. hyper, h., see Bier's* method, flux'ionary h., active h.
overmuch, -)- chroma, color.] s.. Excessive pig- pas'sive h., h. due to an obstruction in the flow
mentation. 2. Hyperchromatosis. of blood from the affected part, the venous radi-
hyperchromato'sis. An increased staining capacity cles being distended, ve'nous h., passive h.
of any structure h. of a cell-nucleus is a character-
; hyperenceph'alus [G. hyper, above, -t- enkephalos
istic feature in cell-degeneration. brain.] A
monster with the vatilt of the cranium
hyperchromemia (hi"per-kro-me'inl-ah) [G. hyper, deficient, the brain being exposed.
above, + chroma, color, + haima, blood.] hyperendocrinism (hi"per-en-dok'rI-nizm) [G. hyper,
Anemia associated with a high color index. over, +
endon, within, -I- krino, I separate.] Ab-
hyperchro'mia. Hyperchromatism. macrocy'tar h., normal increase in any of the internal secretions.
hyperchromatic macrocythemia.* hyperendocrisia (hi"per-en-d6-kriz'I-ah). Hyper-
hyperchylia (hi-per-ki'll-ah) [G. hyper, excessive, + endocrinism.
 —
HYPEREOSINOPHILIA 472 HYPERMICROSOMA

hypereosinophilia. Excessive eosinophilia. hyperhedo'nia [G. hyper, over, + hedone, pleasure.]

hyperephidrosia, hyperephidrosis (hi"per-ef-i-dro'- Hyperhedonism.
si-ah, hi"per-ef-i-dro'sis) [G. hyper, over, + ephidro- hyperhedonism (hi"per-hed'on-izm) [G. hyper, over,
sis perspiration.] Excessive sweating. -f- hedone, pleasure.] i The feeling of an abnor-
.

hyperepinephria (hi"per-ep"i-nef'ri-ah) [G. hyper, mally great pleasure in any act or from any hap-
over, + epinepkros, adrenal body.] The clin- pening. 2. Sexual erethism.
ical signs of excessive secretion of the adrenal hy"perhem"oglobine'inia, hy"perhsBm"oglobin£B'mia.
bodies, essentially increased arterial tension. An excessive degre3 of hemoglobinemia.
hyperequilib'rium [G. hyper, overmuch.] ten- A hjrperhidrosis, hyperidrosis (hi"per-hi-dro'sis, hi"per-
dency to vertigo on slight rotary movement. i-dro'sis) [G. hyper, over, + hidros, sweat.] Ex-
hyperergasia (hi-per-er-ga'sJ-ah) [G. hyper, over, + cessive sweating, h. oleo'sa, seborrhea.
ergasia, work.] Increased or excessive functional hyperhydrochlo'ria. Hyperchlorhydria.
activity. hyperhypercytosis (hi"per-hi"per-si-to'sis). Hyper-
hypererythrocythemia, hyper erythrocythaemia leucocytosis with a relative increase of neutrophils.
hi"per-er"i-thro-si-the'm!-ah) [G. hyper, over, + hyperh)rpocytosis (hi"per-hi"po-si-to'sis) [G. hyper,
erythros, red, +
kyios, cell, haima, blood.] An
+ above, -I- hypo, under, -I- kytos, cell, -I osis-l
excess in the number of red blood-corpuscles, Leucopenia with a relative increase of neutro-
hypercythemia. phils.
hyperesophoria (hi"per-es"-o-fo'ri-ah) [G. hyper, hyper'icum. Rosin rose, St. John's wort, touch
above, + eso, inward, + phora, movement.] A and heal, the herb Hypericum perforatum,
tendency of one eye to deviate upward and inward employed locally as a vulnerary and astringent,
in consequence of muscular insufficiency. and internally as an emmenagogue, diuretic,
hyperesthesia, hyperaesthesla (hi"per-es-the'zl-ah) [G. and stimulant expectorant in doses of 5i~i
hyper, overmuch, + aisthesis, sensationj Ex- (2.0-4.0).
cessive sansibility to touch, pain, or other sensory hyperinges'tion. Overeating or overdrinking.
stimuli, au'ditory h., h. acustica. cer'ebral h., hyperinosemia, hyperinosaemia (hi"per-i"no-se'mI-ah)
h. due to some central lesion in the brain, gus'- [G. hyper, over + is(in-), fiber, -I- haima, blood.]
tatory h., hypergeusia. h. acus'tica, extreme and An excessive coagulability of the blood; an excess
painful sensitiveness to certain sounds, acoustic of fibrinogen in the blood.
h., hyperacusia. h. olfacto'ria, olfactory h., hy- hyperino'sis. Hyperinosemia.
perosmia. h. op'tica, extreme sensitiveness of the hyperinvolu'tion. [G. hyper, over, +
L. involvere,
eyes to light, mus'cular h., sensitiveness of the envelop.] Superinvolution,
muscles to pressure, hypermyesthesia. tac'tile h., hyperisoton'ic [G. hyper, above, -I- isos, equal, +
hyperaphia, hyperpselaphesia. tonikos, tonic] Hypertonic.
hyperesthet'ic. Marked by hyperesthesia. hyperkerato'sis. Hypertrophy of the homy layer
hyperexopho'ria [G. hyper, above, +
exo, outward, of the epidermis, keratodermia, keratosis, h.
+ phora, movement.l A
tendency of one eye to lin'guse, black tongue.* h. subungua'lis, h.
deviate upward and outward, due to muscular affecting the nail beds of the hands or feet.
insufficiency. hyperkine'sia, hyperkine'sis). Hypercinesia.
hyperexten'sion. Superextension. hyperlacta'tion [G. hyper, beyond, +
L. lactare, to
hypergasia (hi-per-ga'sl-ah) [G. hypo, under, + suckle.] Superlactation.
ergasia, work.] Diminished functional activity, hyperle'thal [G. hyper, over, +
L. ktaUs, lethal.]
hypoergasia. Superlethal.
hjrpergen'esis [G. hyper, over, H- genesis, production.] hyperleucocyto'sis. Leucocytosis.
Overproduction hyperplasia.
; hyperlipemia (hi"per-li-pe'mi-ah) [G. hyper, over, -|-
hypergenet'ic. Relating to hypergenesis. lipos, fat, + haima, blood.] An excessive degree
hypergeusia (hi-per-ju'sl-ah) [G. hyper, over -I- of lipemia, or presence of fat droplets in the
geusis, taste.] Gustatory hyperesthesia, exces- blood.
sive acuteness of the sense of taste. hyperUpo'sis [G. hyper, over, -f- lipos, fat.] i.
hypergigantosoma (hi"per-ji-gan"to-so'mah). [G. Excessive adiposity. 2. An extreme degree of
hyper, over, +
gigas, giant, +
soma, body.] Ex- fatty degeneration.
cessive bodily development, gigantism. hyperlithuria (hi"per-U-thu'ri-ah) [G. hyper, over, +
hyperglobu'lia, hyperglob'ulism [G. hyper, over, + lithos, stone, + ouron, urine.] An excessive ex-
L. globulus, globule.] Hj^ercythemia, poly- cretion of uric (lithic) acid in the urine.
cythemia. hypermas'tia [G. hyper, above, excessive, +
mas-
hy"perglyce'mia, hyperglycse'mia [G. hyper, over, + tos, breast.] Polymastia, polymazia; the pres-
glykys, sweet, + haima, blood.] Hyperglycosemia, ence of more than two breasts.
hyperglykemia, an excess of sugar in the blood. hypennature'. Overmature, beyond maturity.
hyperglycogenolysis (hi-per-gli-ko-jen-ol'i-sis). An hypermegaso'ma [G. hyper, over, -t- megas, great,
excessive glycogenolysis. -I- soma, body.] Excessive bodily development,
hyperglycorrhachia (hi"pur-gli-kor-rak1(-ah) [G. gigantism.
hyper, above, -I- glykys, sweet, + rhachis, spine.] hy"pennet"amorpho'sis [G. hyper, over, + meta-
An excessive amount of sugar in the cerebro- morphosis, transformation.] Excessive change;
spinal fluid. specifically rapid change of ideas occurring in
hyperglycose'mia, hyperglycosse'mia. Hyperglyce- mental disorder.
mia, hyperglykemia. hypermetaplasia (Wper-met-ah-pla'sl-ah). An ex-
byperglycosuria (hi"pur-gli-ko-su'ri-ah) [G. hyper, cessive or exaggerated metaplasia,
above, -t- glycosuria.] Glycosuria of extreme hypermetrope (hi-per-met'r6p). One suffering from
degree. hypermetropia, hyperope.
hyperglyke'mia, hyperglykas'mia. Hyperglycose- hypermetro'pia [G. hyper, over, beyond, -I- metron,
mia, measure, + dps, eye.] Hyperopia.
hypergonadism (hi"per-go'nad-izm) [G. hyper, hypennl"croso'ma [G. hyper, over, + mikros, small,
over.] Abnormally great internal secretion of + soma, body.] Extreme smallness of body,
the gonads, or sexual glands —testes or ovaries. dwarfism, nanism.
 .

HYPERMNESIA 473 HYPERPLASMIA

hypennnesia (hi-perm-ne'zl-ah) [G. hyper, over, + hyperosphreBia, hyperosphresis (hi"per-os-fre'sI-ah,

mneme, memory.] Extreme power of memory. hi"per-os-fre'sis) [G. hyper, over, -t- osphresis,
hjrpennotil'ity [G. hyper, over, +
L ntoius, motion,] smell.] Hyperosmia.
Supermotility, excessive motility. hyperosto'sis [G. hyper, over, + osteon, bone, -t-
hypermy"esthe'sia, hypermy"iesthe'sia [G. hyper, -osis.l I. Hypertrophy of bone. z. Exostosis.

over, + mys(fnyo-'), muscle, + aisthesis, feeling.] hyperova'ria [G. hyper, over, -I- L. ovarium, ovary.]
Mtisciilar hyperesthesia. A
condition of sexual precocity in young girls,
hypermyotonia (hi-per-mi-o-oto'ni-ah) [G. hyper, due to overdevelopment of the ovaries with the
over, + mys^myo-), muscle, + tonos, tension.] formation of ovarian secretion in excess.
Extreme muscular tonus. hyperoxida'tioiu Excessive oxidation,
hypermyotrophy (hi-per-mi-ot'ro-fl) [G. hyper, over. hyperpancreatism (hi"per-pan'kre-S,-tizm) [G. hy-
+ mys{myo-), muscle, + trophe, nourishment,] per, above, + pancreatism. ] A condition of
Muscular hypertrophy. increased activity of the pancreas, trypsin
hypeme'a, hypemoi'a [G. hyper, over, + noed, I being in excess among the ferments.
think.] Excessive mental activity or imagination. hyperpar'asite. A secondary parasite inimical to
h3T)emeocytosis (hi"per-ne"o-si-to'sis) [G. hyper, the development or life of a previously existing
above, + neos, new, +
kytos, cell, + -osis,"] parasite.
Hyperskeocytosis, hyperleucocytosis with the yperpar'asitism. A
condition in which a second-
presence of many immature forms, i.e. with devia- ary arasite destroys, or nullifies the pathogenic
tion* to the left. action of, a previously existing parasite.
hypemeph'roid [G. hyper, above, +
nephros, kidney, hyperparathyroidism (hi"per-par-ah-thi'roy-dizm)
+eidos, appearance.] Resembling or of the type A condition due to an increase in the secretion of
of the adrenal body. the parathyroids.
hypemephro'ma [G. hyper, above +
nephros, kid- hyperpep'sia [G. hyper, over, + pepsis, digestion.]
ney, + -oma.l A tumor composed of hyper- 1. Abnormally rapid digestion. 2. Impaired
nephroid or adrenal tissue. digestion with hyperohlorhydria.
hypemomic (hi-per-nom'ik) [G. hyper, above, + hyperpepsinia (hi-pur-pep-sin'I-ah) [G. hyper, over.]
nomas, law.] Uncontrolled on the side of An excess of pepsin in the gastric juice.
excess. hyperpeiistal'sis. Hyperprochoresis.
hypemor'mal [G. hyper, above, + L. norma, rale, hyperphalangism (hi-pur-fal-an'jizm) [G. hyper,
norm.] Supernormal. over, +
phalanx.] Polyphalangism; the presence
hypemoiBiocytosis (hi"per-nor*'mo-si-to'sis) [G. of a supemmnerary phalanx in a finger or toe.
hyper, above, -I- L. norm.a, rule, + G. kytos, cell, hyperpho'nia [G. hyper, over, + phone, sound, voice.]
+ -dsis.'\ The presence of a relatively increased Stammering or stuttering resulting from exces-
ntmiber of neutrophile white blood cells. sive innervation of the vocal muscles.
hypemutrition (hi-per-nu-trish'un) [G. hyper, over, hyperpho'ria [G. h-per, above, + phora, motion.]
+ L. nuirire, to nourish.] Supemutrition. A tendency of the visual axis of one eye to rise
hyperontomorph (hi-pur-on'to-morf) [G. hyper, above that of its normal fellow.
over, + on, being, -f- morphe, form.] An indi- hyperphrenia (hi-pur-fre'ni-ah) [G. hyper, above,
vidual of the thin epithelial type; with a tend- + -phrenia.l i. Excessive intellectual activity,
ency to hyperthyroidism. 2. A
high degree of intellect; genius.
hyperonychia (hi-per-o-nikl-ah) [G. hyper, over, hyperpiesis (hi-pur-pi'e-sis) [G. hyper, over, + piesis
+ onyx(pnych-'), nail.] Hypertrophy of the nails. pressure.] Overpressure, especially of the blood
hyperope (hi'per-5p). Our sufiering from hy- within the vessels; excessive arterial tension.
peropia, hypermetrope. hyperpietic (hi-per-pi-et'ik). Relating to or marked
hypero'pia [G. hyper, over, beyond, '+ ops, eye.] by extremely high blood pressure.
Hypermetropia, long-sightedness; a condition in hy"perpigmenta'tion [G. hyper, over, + h. pig-
which, in consequence of an error in refraction or mentum, paint.] Superpigmentation.
flattening of the globe of the eye, parallel rays hyperpituitarism (hi-ptu--pit-u'J-tar-izm) [G. hyper,
are focussed behind the retina, ab'solute h., overmuch.] A condition due to overactivity of
manifest h. which cannot be overcome by an the hypophysis cerebri, at least of its anterior
effort of accommodation, az'ial h., h. due to lobe, marked by acromegaly and hypertrichosis.
shortening of the anteroposterior diameter of the hypeipitu'itaiism [G. hyper, overmuch.] A
condi-
globe of the eye. fac'ultative h., manifest h. tion due to overactivity of the hypophysis
which can be overcome by an effort of accommo- cerebri, at least of its anterior lobe, marked by
dation, h. of cur'vature, h. due to diminution of acromegaly and hypertrichosis.
convexity of the refracting media of the eye. hypeipla'sia [G. hyper, above, + plasis, a moulding.]
la'tent h., the difference between total and mani- An increase in number of the individual tissue
fest h. man'ifest h., the h. which can be elements, excluding tumor formation, whereby
measured by convex lenses without the use of a the bulk of the part or organ is increased. By
cycloplegic. to'tal h., that which can be deter- some restricted to denote proliferative changes
mined after complete paralysis of accommodation in a tissue not occurring to meet a demand for
by means of a cycloplegic. increased functional activity. See hypertrophy.
hyperorez'ia [G. hyper, overmuch, +
orexis, appe- po'lar h., an excess of development at one or other
tite.] Bulimia, an insatiable appetite. extremity of the embryo, resulting in the forma-
hyperorthocjrtosis (hi"per-or'tho-si-to'sis) [G. hyper, tion of a dicephalus (cephalic extremity) or of a
above, -^ orthos, correct, -)- kytos, cell, -1- -osis.] monster with three or more lower limbs (podalic
Hyperleucocytosis in which the relative percent- extremity). /!
ages of the different forms are normal and no hyperplasmia (hi-per-plaz'ml-£h) [G. hyper, abovS, +
immature forms are present. plasma.] i. An excessive production of white
hyperosmla (hi-per-oz'ml-ah) [G. hyper, overmuch, cells within certain organs without their ap-
+ osnte, sense of smell.] An exaggerated sense pearance In the blood, aleucemia. 2. An in-
of smell, hiT^fosphresia. crease in the size of the red blood-cells through
hyperosmotic. Relating to increased osmosis. imbibition.
 —
HYPERPLASTIC 474 HYPERTROPHY

hyperplas'tic.Relating to hyperplasia. hyperten'sive. Marked by an increased blood-

hyperpnea, hyperpnoea (hi-purp-ne'ah) [G. hyper, pressure. According to the classification of
overmuch, + pnoe, breathing.] A condition in Huchar'd, the h. diseases are the noninfectious
which the respiration is deeper and more rapid diseases, in which the blood-pressure is in-
than normal creased.
hyperporo'sis [G. hyper, over, + poros, callus, + hyi-erthelesia (hi-pur-thel-e'zi-ah) [G. hyper,
-osis^ Excessive formation of callus after frac above, H- thelSsis, will.] Excessive wilfulness;
ture of a bone. hysteria.
hyperprax'ia [G. hyper, over, + praxis, action.] hyperthe'lia [G. hyper, above, excessive, thelS, +
Excessive activity. nipple.] The presence of supernumerary nipples
h3rperprochoresis (hi"pur-pro-ko-re'sis) [G. hyper, the number of breasts being two only.
over, 4- prochoreo, I go forward ] Excessive hyperthermalgesia (hi-pur-thur"mal-je'zi-ah)
rapidity of the passage of food through the [hyper, over, -j- therme, heat, -\- algos, pain.] Ex-
stomach and intestine; hyperperist-:lsis, peris- treme sensitiveness to heat, a slight degree caus-
taltic unrest, tormina nervosa. ing pain.
hyperpselaphesia (hi"purp-sel-4-fe's!(-ah) [G. hyper, hyperther'mia [G. hyper, over, -I- thermei heat.]
over, + pselaphesis, touching.] Hyperaphia, Hyperpyrexia unusually high
; fever.
tactile hyperesthesia, excessive development of hyperthennoesthesia, hyperthermoaesthesia (hi-pur-
the sense of touch. thur'mo-es-the'-z!t-ah) [G. hyper, over, -i- therms,
hyperpyremia (hi"pur-pi-re'm'(-ah) [G. hyper, over, heat, 4- aisthesis, feeling.] Extreme sensitiveness
_

+ pyreia, fuel, +
haima, blood.] The presence to heat.
in the blood of an excess of heat-producing and hyperthymia (hi-pur-thi'mi-ah) [G. hyper,
energy-producing material derived from the fats above, -{- -thymia.] Excessive emotivity.
and carbohydrates of the food. hyperthymization (hi-pur-thi-mi-za'shun). Hyper-
hyperpyretic (hi-pur-pi-ret'ik) [G. hyper, over, + thymism.
pyretos, fever.] Having a very high tempera- hyperthymism (hi-pur-thi'mizm). Charged with
ture, suffering from excessive fever. an excess of secretion of the thymus gland,
hyperpyrex'ia [G. hyper, over, +
pyrexis, feverish- noting a supposed condition of the blood in
ness.] Extremely high fever. status lymphaticus.
hyperpyrez'ial. Relating to hyperpyrexia, hyper- hyperthyrea, hyperthyreoidea (hi-pur-thi're-ah, hi-
pyretic. per-thi-re-o-id'e-ah) [G. hyper, over, thyreoeides,
hyperreflezia (hi'pur-re-fieks'-S-ah) .[G. hyper, thyroid.] A condition in which there is excessive
above, + reflex.'] A
condition in which the secretion of the thyroid gland, as in exophthalmic
various reflexes are exaggerated. goiter.
hyperres'onance. An extreme degree of resonaflce. hyperthyreo'sis, hyperthyroida'tion. Hyperthyrea.
hypersecre'tion [G. hyper, overmuch, -I- L. secernere, hyperthy'roidism. Symptoms produced by exces-
to separate.] Supersecretion. sive activity of the thjToid gland or by an over-
hyperskeocytosis (hi"per-ske"o-si-to'sis) [G. hyper, dose of thyroid extract.
above, -I- skaios, left, + kytos, cell, H osis.'} hyperto'nla [G. hyper, over, tonos, tension.] +
Hypemeocytosis. Extreme tension of the muscles or arteries, h.
hypersom'nia [G. hyper, over, -{- L. somnus, sleep.] polycythse'inica, a form of polycythemia without
A condition, probably toxic, in which one sleeps marked splenomegaly, but with increased blood-
for an excessively long time, but is normal in the pressure.
intervals it is distinguished from somnolence in
; hyperton'ic [G. hyper, over, -J- tonos, tension.]
which one is always inclined to sleep Having a greater degree of tension, noting that
hypersphyxia (hi-pur-sfik'sl-ah) [G. hyper, over, + one of two solutions which possess the greater
sphyxis, pulse.] A condition of high blood pres- osmotic pressure, h. salt solu'tion, h. sea-
sure and increased circulatory activity. water, a solution of sodium chloride or sea-
hypeisplenism (hi'pur-sple'nizm) [G. hyper, over, water of such strength as to have a greater
\- splen, spleen.] A condition in which the osmotic pressure than the blood.
hemolytic action of the spleen is greatly in- hypertonicity (hi-pur-to-nis'i-tl). Hypertonia.
creased. hypertox'ic [G. hyper, overmuch.] Very poisonous.
hypersthe'nia [G. hyper, overmuch, + sihenos, hypertoxicity (hi"per-toks-is'I-tJ). The quality of
strength.] Exc««sive tension or strength. being extremely poisonous.
hypersthenuria (hi"pur-sthen-u'ri-ah) [G. hyper, hypertrichiasis (hi-pur-trl-ki'S-sis) [G. hyper over,
over, +
sthenos, strength, -\- ouron, urine.] A hypertrophia (hi-pur-tro£'i-ah) Hypertrophy.
.

dilute condition of the urine, with consequently hypertrichosia (hi-pvir-tri-ko'sis) [G. hyper, over-
an elevation of the freezing point much, -I- trichosis, being hairy.] growth of A
hypersusceptibiUty (hi"pur-sus-sep"ti-bil'l-ti) {G. hair in excess of that normal for the situation, as
hyper, over, -f L. suscipere, to take, + habilis, apt, on the face in women or the back in men or
fit.] I. Extreme vulnerability to infection, a. women.
Anaphylaxis. hypertro'phia (hi-pur-trof 1-ah) . Hypertrophy.
hyper'systole (hi-pur-sis'to-le) [G. hyper, overmuch.] hypertroph'ic. Relating to or characterized by
Abnormal force or duration of the cardiac hypertrophy,
systole. hyper'trophy [G. hyper, above, -I- irophe, nourish-
hypersystolic (hi^pur-sis-tol'ik). I. Relating to or ment.] Overgrowth; general increase in bulk
marked by hypersystole. 2. One whose heart of a part or organ, not due to tumor forma-
contracts with undue force. tion. By some restricted to denote greater bulk
hypertarachia (hi"pm-ta-rak'I-ah) [G. hyper, over, -t- through increase in size, but not in number, of the
tarache, disorder, confusion.] Exaggerated irrita- individual tissue elements by others employed to
;

bility the nervous system, regarded as the

of denote an increase in size in order to meet a
,

underlying cause of tetanus. demand fgr increased functional activity. £ee

hyperten'slon [G. hyper, over, L. tendere, to+ hyperplasia, adap'tiye h., thickening of the
stretch.] Supertension. walls of a hollow organ, like the urinary bladder.
 HYPERTROPHY 47.5 HYPNOTISM

when there is obstruction to outflow, compen'- hypnagogic (hip-nS-goj'ik) [G. hypnos, sleep, +
satory h., increase in size of an organ or part of an agogos, leading.] i. Noting a transitional state,

organ or tissue, when called upon to do the work related to the hypnoidal, preceding the oncome
of a disabled or destroyed synergist, compen'sa- of sleep noting also various delusions which may
;

tory h. of the heart, thickening of the walls of the manifest themselves at that time. 2. Inducing
heart in cases of valvular disease, either obstruc- sleep, hypnotic.
tion or insufficiency, complemen'taiy h., increase hyp'nal. Monochlorantipyrine, chloral-anti-yrine,
in size or expansion of part of an organ or tis- a compound of chloral and antipyrine; sedative
sue to fill the space left by the destruction of and hypnotic in doses of gr. 10—15 (0.6—1.0).
another portion of the same organ or tissue. hypnal'gia [G. hypnos, sleep, + algos, pain.] Dream-
concen'tric h., thickening of the walls of the heart pain, pain occurring during sleep.
or any cavity with apparent diminution of the hypnapagogic (hip-nap-S-goj'ik) [G. hypnos, sleep,
capacity of the cavity, excen'tric h., thickening -I- apo, from, + agogos, leading.] i. Noting a
of the wall of the heart or other cavity, with state similar to the hypnagogic, through which
dilatation, false h., pseudohypertrophy, increase the mind passes in coming out of sleep;
in bulk of a part, as of a muscle, due to over- noting also certain delusions experienced at such
I growth of the fibrous stroma and not of the tissue y time 2. Causing wakefulness, preventing sleep.
proper, func'tional h., physiological h. numer'- hypnesthe'sia, hypnaesthe'sia [G. hypnos, sleep, -f-
1 ical h., h. of a tissue with increase in the number, aisthesis, sensation.] Drowsiness.
as well as in the size, of its elements, hyperplasia. hyp'nic [G. hypnikos, relating to sleep.] i. Relat-
physiolog'ical h., temporary increase in size of an ing to sleep. 2. Causing sleep, somnifacient,
organ or part to provide for a natural increase somniferous.
of function such as occurs in the walls of the hypnoacetin (hip-no-as'et-in.) Acetophenon-
uterus and in the mamma
during pregnancy. acetylpara-amidophenol ester; h3^notic in doses
pseudomus'cular pseudohypertrophic par-
h., of gr. 2-4 (0.13-0.25).
alysis.* quan'titative h., hyperplasia, simple hyp'nocyst [G. hypnos, sleep, + kystis, bladder
h., num.erical h. sim'ulated h., increased size of (cyst).] A quiescent or "sleeping" cyst; an
a part due to continued growth unrestrained by encysted protozoon the reproductive activity
attrition, as is seen in the case of the teeth of of which is in abeyance.
certain animals when the opposing teeth have hyp'nody [G. hypnodes, of a sleepy nature.] A state
been destroyed, true h., an increase in size observed in insects and their larvae resembling
involving all the different tissues composing the hibernation of certain vertebrates.
the part, vica'rlous h., h. of an organ in case hypnogen'esis [G- hypnos, sleep, + genesis, produc-
of failure of another organ of different order tion.] The induction of sleep or of the hypnotic
though apparently allied function; enlargement state.
of the pituitary gland, after destruction of the hypnogen'ic. Relating to hypogenesis.
thyroid, is an example. hypnogenous (hip-noj'en-us) [G. hypnos, sleep, -f-
hypertro'pia [G. hy-per, above, +
tro-pe, turn.] Ver- gennao, I produce.] Causing sleep or the hyp-
tical. squint, with upward deviation of the visual notic state.
axis of an eye. hypnoidal (hip-noy'dal) [G. hypnos, sleep, 4- eidos,
hypervaccina'tion. Repeated inoculation of a resemblance.] Resembling sleep, noting a men-
person or animal already immtmized done in the tal condition intermediate between sleeping and
;

case of an animal in order to obtain a potent wakinj, the subwaking state.

antitoxin. hypnoidiza'tion. Induction of the hypnoidal state.
hyp'nolepsy [G. hypnos, sleep, + lepsis, a seizing.]
hypervas'cular [G. hyper, above, -1- L. vasculum,
Uncontrollable sleepiness; narcolepsy.
vessel.] Abnormally vascular, containing an
excessive number of blood-vessels.
hypnol'ogist. i A student of hypnology. j:.
Hypnotist
hypesthesia, hypsesthesia (hi-pes-the'zJ-ah) [G. hypo,
hypnol'ogy [G. hypnos, sleep, -t- -logia.'\ The
under, 4- aisthSsis, feeling.] Diminished sen-
branch of scientific inquiry regarding sleep and
sibility.
its phenomena.
hy'pha [G. hyphe, a web.] One of the filaments hyp'none. Acetphenone
composing the substance of a fungus. hypnopom'pic [G. hypnos sleep, -I- pofnpS, proces-
hyphedo'nia [G. hypo, under, + hedone, pleasure.] sion.] Noting the persistence of dreams during
An habitually slight degree of pleasure caused by the hypnagogic state.
occurrences that should normally give great hypnopyiine (hip-no-pi'ren). A synthetic anti-
pleasure. pyretic, analgesic, and hypnotic, obtained by the
hyphe'mia, hyphse'mia [G. hypo, below -J- haima, action of chlorine on quinine: dose, gr. 2—4
blood.] I. Hemorrhage into the anterior cham- (0.13-0,25).
ber of the eye. 2. Anemia, oligemia, intertrop'- hypno'sia [G. hypnos, sleep.] Sleeping-sickness.
ical or trop'ical h., uncinariasis. hypno'sis [G. hypnos, sleep.] i. Somnus, the state
hyphidrosis (hip-hi-dro'sis) [G. hypo, under, + of normal sleep. 2. Hypnotism.
hidrosis, Diminished perspiration.
sweating.] hypnother'apy [G. hypnos, sleep, -I- iherapeia, treat-
Hyphomycetes (hi-fo-mi-se'tez) [G. hyphe, web, + ment.] I. The treatment of disease by inducing

mykes, fungus.] Filamentous fungi composed prolonged sleep. 2. Treatment by means of

of branched or unbranched threads, moulds. hypnotism.
hyphomyce'tic. Relating to, or caused by. the hypnot'ic [G. hypnotikos, causing one to sleep.]
presence of filamentous fungi, or Hyphomycetes. I. Causing sleep. 2. A remedy having this
hypino'sis [G. hypo, under, +
isQirir-), fiber.] Di- property. 3. Relating to hypnotism. 4. One
minished coagulability of the' blood, its fibrin who is under the influence of hypnotism, or who
content being reduced below the physiological is readily hypnotized, h. state, hypnotism.
mean of 2 2 per cent.
. hypnotism (hip'no-tizm) [G. hypnos, sleep.] Braid-
hypmot'ic. Marked by hypinosis. ism, mesmerism, trance; an induced condition
hypnacetin (hip-nas'et-in). Hypnoacetin. resembling somnambulism, in which the subject is
HYPNOTISM 476 HYPOCYTOSIS

seemingly asleep yet strongly under the influence hypochondria (hi-po-kon'dri-ah). Hypochondriasis.
o£ suggestion; the subject's attention is intensely hypochondriac (hi-po-kon'drl-ak). i. Hypochon-
concentrated upon the suggested idea, but he is driacal. 2. A victim of hypochondriasis.
oblivious to all else, lethar'gic h., trance-coma, hypochondriacal (hi-po-kon-dri'S-kal). Relating to,
the deep sleep foUoyying major h. ma'jor h., of suffering from, hypochondriasis.
a state of extreme suggestibility in h. in which hypochondriasis (hi-po-kon-dri'a-sis) [G. hypo-
the subject is insensible to all outside impres- chondrion, hypochondrium, because the imagi-
sions except the commands or suggestions of the nary disease is often referred to the liver.] A
operator, mi'nor h., an induced state resembling morbid concern about the health and exaggerated
normal sleep in which, however, the subject is attention to any unusual bodily or mental
obedient to suggestion though not to the extent sensations; an unfounded belief that one is
of catalepsy or somnambulism. suffering from some disease.
hyp'notist. One who practices hypnotism. hypochondrium (hi-po-kon'dri-um) [G. hypo, under,
hypnotiza'tion. The induction of the hypnotic state. -I- c'-.ondros, cartilage.] The upper lateral region
hyp'notize. To bring one into the hypnotic state. of the abdomen, beneath the floating ribs on
hy'po, I. Ahypochondriac. 2. An abbreviation either side. See cut under abdominal.
of sodi\un hyposulphite, used as a fixative in hypochor'dal [G. hypo, beneath, + chords, cord.]
photography. On the ventral side of the spinal cord.
hypo- [G. hypo, under.] A prefix, equivalent to hypochromatic (hi-po-kro-mat'ik) [G. hypo, under,
sub-, denoting (i) a, location beneath something + chroma, color.] Containing a small amount
else; (2) a diminution or deficiency; (3) the of pigment, or less than the normal amount for
lowest, or weakest in oxygen, of a series of the individual tissue. Specifically noting mitoses
chemical compounds. which contain a smaller munber of chromosomes
hypoacidity (hi-po-as-id'I-ti) [G. hypo, imder, than normal, h. cell, a cell resulting from asym-
-I- L. acidus, acid.] Subacidity. metrical mitosis, the nucleus of which contains
hypoactiv'ity. Lessened activity. too few chromosomes.
hypoadrenalinemia ( hi-po-ad-ren"al-in-e'mi-ah ) hypochromatism (hi-po-kro'mS-tizm). The con-
[G. hypo, below, -|- adrenal secretion + G. dition of being hypochromatic, hypochromia.
haima, blood.] Hypoadrenia, a condition in hypochromatosis (hi-po-kro-mS-to'sis). Nuclear
which the adrenal secretion is present in unduly solution, chromatolysis; the disappearance of
small proportion in the blood. chromatin, or of the nucleus, in a cell.
hypoadre'nia [G. hypo, under, -|- adrenal secretion.] hypochromemia (hi-po-kro-me'ml-ah) [G. hypo,
Adrenal insufiiciency, especially a form occur- under, + chroma, color, + haima, blood.] Ane-
ring late in the course of a febrile disease as a mia with a color index below unity.
result of exhausting secretory activity. hjrpochromia (hi-po-kro'ml-ah) [G. hypo, imder, +
hypoalimentation (hi"po-al-i-men-ta'shun) [G. hypo, chroma, color.] Hypochromatism.
under, + alimentation.] Subalimentation, a hypochrosis (hi-po-kro'sis) [G. hypo, under, -I-
condition of insufficient nourishment. chrosis, a tinting.] Paleness of the blood due to
hypoazoturia (hi-po-az-o-tu'ri-ah) [G. hypo, under, low hemoglobin percentage.
+ Pr. azote, nitrogen, + G. ouron, urine.] hypochylia (hi-po-ki'H-ah) [G. hypo, under, +
A deficient excretion of lurea in the urine. chylos, juice.] Deficiency of the gastric juice.
hypobaropathy (hi"po-bar-op'S,-thi) [G. hypo, un- hypocine'sia [G. hypo, under, + kinesis, movement.]
der, + baros, weight, + pathos, sufEering.] Diminished power of movement, paresis.
Aviators' sickness, mountain sickness; the syn- hy'pocist, hypocis'tis. The inspissated juice of
drome caused by greatly diminished air-pressure. Cytinus hypocistis, a plant of Southern Europe;
hy'poblast [G. hypo, under, -I- blastos, germ.] The employed as an astringent in dysentery and
inner layer of cells in the embryo, forming the diarrhea, and also as a styptic.
endoderm; from it is derived the epithelium of hypocoe'lom [G. hypo, under, + koilos, hollow.]
the respiratory and alimentary systems. The ventral portion of the coelom, or body cavity,
hypoblas'tic. Relating to or derived from the of the embryo.
hypoblast. hypocone (hi'po-kon) [G. hypo, beneath, + konos,
hypobro'mite. A salt of hypobromous acid. cone.] The distolingual cusp of an upper molar
hypobro'mous acid. An acid, HBrO, the aqueous tooth.
solution of which possesses oxidizing and bleach- hypoconid (hi"po-kon'id). The distobuccal cusp
ing properties. of a lower molar tooth.
hypobu'lia [G. hypo, under, + boulS, will.] Defi- hypoconule (hi'po-kon'ul) [G. hypo, below, + L.
cient will-power. dim. of conus, cone. ] The distal, fifth, cusp of
hypocapnia (hi-po-kap'ni-ah) [G. hypo, under, + an upper molar tooth.
kapnos, smoke.] A slight degree of acapnia. hypoconulid (hi'po-kon'u-lid) [G. hypo, below, +
hypoce'lom. Hypocoelom. L. dim. of conus, cone.] The distal, fifth, cusp
hypochlorhydria (hi"po-klor-hid'r!(-ah) [G. hypo, of a lower molar tooth.
below, + chlorhydric (acid).] The presence of an hypocotyl (hi'po-kot-il). In botany, the portion of
abnormally small amount of hydrochloric acid the stem of an embryo below the cotyledons.
in the stomach, below o. 14 per cent. hypocotyled'onaiy, hypocotyled'onous. In botany,
hypochlo'rite. A salt of hypochlorous acid below the cotyledons in an embryo.
hypochloriza'tlon [G. hypo, under.] Treatment of hypocrinism (hi-po-kri'nizm) [G. hypo, under, +
Bright's disease and other disorders by a krind, I separate, secrete.] A condition resulting
reduction in the amount of sodium, chloride from a deficient secretion of any of the glands,
ingested. especially of the endocrine glands.
hypochlo'rous acid. An acid, HCIO, having oxidiz- hypocystot'omy [G. hypo, under, + kystis, bladder,
ing and bleaching properties. + tome, incision.] Perineal cystotomy.
hypochloru'rla [G. hypo, under, + E. chloride, + hypocyto'sis [G. hypo, under, -I- kylos, cell.] Cyto-
G. ouron, urine.] A deficient excretion of penia, oligocythemia, povertv of the blood in
chlorides in the urine. cellular elements.
 .

HYPODERM 477 HYPONANOSOMA

hypoderm (hi'po-durm) [G. hypo, under, + derma, hypoglos'sis. Hypoglottis.
skin.] The subcutaneous connective tissue. hypoglos'sus. See under nervus,
Hypoder'nui bo'vis [G. hypo, under, + derma, skin; hypoglott'is [G. hypo, under, -I- glossa, tongue.] i.
L. hou.sQ>ovis), ex.] Ox-bot, heel-fly, a fly which The under surface of the tongue, a. Ranula.
oviposits in the hair above the hoof in cattle. hypoglycogenolysis (hi-po-gli-ko-jen-ol'i-sis.) Defi-
hy"podermat'ic [G. hypo, under, + derma(dermat-), cient glycogenolysis.
skin.] Hypodermic. hypog'nathous [G. hypo, tmder, +gnaihos, jaw.]
hypodermatoclysis (hi-podur-m^tok'Ii-sis) Having a projecting lower jaw, or mandible.
Hypodermoclysis. hypog'nathus. A twin monster in which a rudimen-
hypodermat'omy [G. hypo, under, + derma, skin, + tary parasite is attached to the mandible of the
tome, incision.] Subcutaneous division of a autosite.
tendon or other structure. hypogonadism (hi"po-go'nad-izm) [G. hypo, un-
hypodermic (hi-po-dtu^mik) [G. hypo, under, + der.] Deficient internal secretion of the gonads,
denwa^ skin.] i. Subcutaneous, beneath the skin. —
or sexual glands ^testes or ovaries.
2. (o) Hypodermic injection; (6) hypodermic hypohe'mia, hypohse'mia [G. hypo, under, + haima,
sj^ringe. h. infu'sion, hypodermoclysis. h. in- blood.] Anemia.
jec'tion,the administration of a remedy in liquid hypohidrosis (hi"po-hi-dro'sis) [G. hypo,- tmder, +
form by injection into the subcutaneous connec- hidrosis, sweating.] Diminished perspiration.
tive tissues, h. syr'inge, a small syringe, armed hypohydrochlo'ria. Hypochlorhydria.
with a hollow needle in place of a nozzle, for use hypohylo'ma. A tumor due to hyperplasia of
in giving remedies by the subcutaneous method. tissue derived from the embryonic pulp of hypo-
hypodennoclysis (hi"po-dur-mok'li-sis) [G. hypo, blastio origin.
under, + derma, skin, -I- klysis, a washing out.] hypohypnot'ic [G. hypo, under, + hypnos, sleep.]
The subcutaneous injection of a large quantity Noting a condition of incomplete or light
of saline solution. slumber.
hypoendocrinism (hi"po-en-dok'ri-nizm) [G. hypo, hypoidrosis (hi"po-i-dro'sis). Hypohidrosis.
under, endon, within, -t- krino, I separate.] In-
-t- hypoisoton'ic [G. hypo, imder, -I- isos, equal, -I-
sufficiency of internal secretion in one or more tonos, tension.] Hypotonic.
glands. hypokine'sia. Hypocinesia
hypoendocrisia (hi"po-en-do-kriz1-ah). Hypoendo- hypolepldo'ma [G. hypo, beneath, + lepis(lepid-),
crinism. rind, + -oma.l A ttmior due to hyperplasia of
hypoeosinophilia (hi-po-e''o-sin-o-fil'l-ali). A di- »ne of the tissues derived from the hypoblast.
minished number of eosinophile leucocytes in the atyp'ical h., carcinoma, papilloma, or adenoma
blood. of the digestive or respiratory tract.
hypoepinephria (hi-po-ep-i-nef'ri-ah) [G. hypo, hypoleucemia, hypoleucsmia (hi"po-lu-se'inI-ah)
under, + epinephros, adrenal body.] Adrenal [G. hypo,vcaA.ei, + leukos, white, + haima, blood.]
inadequacy, a deficient function of the adrenal I. Hypoleukemia, hypoleucocytosts.* 2. A con-
bodies, and the clinical symptoms caused thereby. dition between leucemia and aleucemia in which
hypoequilib'iium (hi-po-elcwl-lib-rl-um) [G. hypo, the outpour of abnormal cells into the circulation
below, + tequus, equal, +
libra, scales.] Absence is less than their production.
of a tendency to vertigo after long continued hypoleucocytosis (hi-po-lu"ko-si-to'sis) [G.
rotary movements. hypo, ijnder, H- leukos, white, + kytos, cell, -|-
hypoesophoria (hi-po-es-o-fo'ri-ah). Combined -6j«i.] Leucopenia, hypoleucemia, hypoletike-
downward and inward deviation of the eyeball. mia; a decrease in the number of leucocytes
hypoezophoria (hi-po-eks-o-fo'ri-ah). Combined in the circulating blood.
outward and downward deviation of the eyeball. hypoleuke'mia, hypoleuk^e'mia. Hypoleucemia, hy-
hypogas'tric. Relating to the hypogastrium. h. poleucocytosis.*
artery, see under arteria. hypolipo'sis [G. hypo, tmder, H- lipos, fat.] The
hypogas'trium [G. hypo, under, H- gaster, belly.] presence of an abnormally small amount of fat in
The lower middle region of the abdomen; see cut the tissues.
under abdominal. hypolymphemia [G. hypo, under, -|- lymph {cells)
hypogen'esis [G. hypo, under, H- genesis, produc- -f- G. haima, blood.] Sublymphemia,
tion.] Cessation of development, ateliosis. po'- hypoma'nia. A mild degree of mania.
lar h., cessation of development at one or the hypomas'tia [G. hypo, under, -I- masios, breast ]
other extremity of the embryo, resulting in Atrophy or congenital smallness of the breasts.
cyclopia (at the cephalic extremity) or sireno- hypoma'zia [G. hypo, under, + masos, breast.]
melia (podalic extremity). Hypomastia.
hypogenitalism (hi-po-jen'i-tal-izm) [G. hypo, hypomelancholia (hi"po-mel-an-kolI-ah). A mild
under.] The complex of symptoms due to par- degree of mental depression.
tial loss of the internal secretion of the ovaries or hypomicron, hypomicrone (hi-po-mi'kron or kron)
testicles; the eunuchoid state. [G. hypo, under, + m^icrone.] Submicrone, a
hypogenous (hi-poj'en-us) [G. hypo, tmder, + colloid particle recognizable in the ultra-micro-
-genes.'] In botany: i. Noting a flower the other scope, but not under the ordinary microscope;
parts of which are inserted on the torus below the distinguished from microne and amicrone.
gynecium. 2. Noting fungi growing on the tmder hypomne'sia [G. hypo, under, + mneme, memory.]
surface of a leaf. Impaired memory.
hypogeusia (hi-po-ju'sl-ah) [G. hypo, imder, H- hypomotil'ity [G. hypo, tmder, + L. moius, move-
geusis, taste.] A
blunting of the sense of taste. ment.] Hypocinesia.
liypoglobu'lia[G. ^y^o, under, +
h. globulus, glohvle.] hypomyotonia (hi-po-mi-o-to'nl-ah) [G. hypo, under,
Hypocytosis. -t- mys^myo-), muscle, + tonos, tension.] A
'^ypoglos'sal [G. hypo, beneath, + glossa, tongue.] condition of diminished muscular tonus.
Sublingual, beneath the tongue, h. nerve, the hyponanosoma (hi-po-nan-o-so'mah) [G. hypo, un-
twelfth (formerly the ninth) cranial nerve; see der + nanos, dwarf, + soma, body.] Extreme
under nervus. dwarfishness.
 .

HYPONASTY 478 HYPOREFLEXIA

hy'ponasty [G. hypo, under, + nastos, pressed close.] hypophyseoprivous (hi-po-fiz"e-op'ri-vus) . Hypo-
In botany, noting a condition of more vigorous physioprivus.
growth on the under than on the upper surface, hypophyseoprivus (hi-po-fiz"e-o-pre'vus) [hypophy-
causing an upward curvature. sis + L. privus, deprived of.] Noting the con-
hyponeocytosis (hi"po-ne"o-si-to'sis) [G. hypo, under, dition resulting from a deficiency in the internal
+ neos, new, + kytos, cell, + -osisJ] Hypo- secretion of the hypophysis cerebri, or dyspitui-
skeocytosis, leucopenia with the presence of tarism; hypophyseoprivic, hypophyseoprivous.
immature cells, i.e. with deviation* to the hjrpoph'ysin. A
preparation of the posterior lobe of
left. the hypophysis cerebri, or pituitary gland, of the
hyponychial (hy-po-nik'K-al) [G. hypo, beneath, + ox; recommended in the treatment of acromegaly.
o'nyx{onych-), nail.] Beneath the (finger or
'
hypophysis (hi-pof'i-sis) [G. an undergrowth.] i.

toe) nail; subungual; relating to the hypony- [BNA] Pituitary body, a small two-lobed body at
chium. the base of the brain lying in the pituitary fossa of
hyponychium [G. hypo, under, + onyxipnych-), the sphenoid bone. The smaller posterior lobe is
nail.] Matrix unguis, nail-bed. developed from the brain to which it is attached
hypon'ychon [G. hypo, beneath, + onyxipnych-), by the infundibulum it contains little or no brain
;

nail.] A subungual ecchymosis. substance but is composed chiefly of connective

hjrpoorthocytosis (hi"po-or"tho-si-to'sis) [G. hypo, tissue and blood-vessels. The larger anterior
under, + orihos, correct, + kytos, cell, + -osis.] lobe is developed from the buccal cavity: it con-
Leucopenia, the relative percentages of the differ- sists of tubules lined with epithelium and sur-
ent forms remaining normal and no immature roimded by a capillary network: it is a closed
forms being present. gland, resembling the thyroid, and furnishes an
hypopancreatism (hi"po-pan'kre-^-ti2;m) [G. hypo, internal secretion which influences the blood-
under, + pancreaiism.\ A condition of dimin- pressure Also called hypophysis cerebri. 2. In
ished activity of the pancreas. botany, the cell in the undifferentiated embryo
hypoparathyreosis (hi"po-par"a-thi-re-o'sis). A body of an angiosperm from which the primary
morbid state resulting from removal or impaired root is developed, h. sic'ca (U.S.), desiccated
function of the parathyroid glands. hypophysis, a yellowish gray amorphous pow-
hypoparathyroidism (hi"po-par-ah-thi'roy-dizm) der, of characteristic odor, made from the dried
A condition due to diminution or absence of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland of cattle;
secretion of the parathyroids, hypoparathyreosis. oxytocic and vasoconstrictor in doses of gr.
hypopep'sia [G. hypo, under, + pepsis, digestion. ] J-i (0 03-0 06)
. h. syn' drome, dystrophia adi-
. .

Impaired digestion, especially that due to a posogenitalis, adiposogenital syndrome; a great

deficiency of pepsin. increase of adipose tissue, genital atrophy with
hypopepsinia (hi-po-pep-sin'l-ah) [G. hypo, under.] loss of the sexual appetite, loss of hair, and
A deficiency of pepsin in the gastric juice. symptoms of intracranial pressure, associated
hypophalangiszn (hi-po-fal-an'jizm) [G. hypo, under, with a tumor of the hypophysis cerebri, li'quor
+ phalanx.] Congenital absence of one or more h. (U.S.), an aqueous extract of the posterior
of the phalanges of a finger or toe. lobe of the pituitary gland of cattle; dose 11515
hypopharyngos'copy [hypo, under, +
pharynx + (l .0). pharyn'geal h., a mass of tissue resem-
skoped, I examine.] Inspection of the hypo- bling in structure the anterior lobe of the hy-
pharynx. pophysis cerebri, present in the wall of the
hypophar'ynx (G. hypo, below, -I- pharynx."] That pharynx.
part of the pharynx which lies below the aperture hypophysoprivus (hi-pof"i-so-pre'vus). Hypophys-
of the larjTix. eoprivus.
hypopho'nia [G. hypo, under, + phone, voice.] A hypopi'esis [G. hypo, under, -t- piesis, pressure.]
speech defect due to incoordination "of the mus- Subnormalarterial tension.
cles concerned in vocalization. hypopitiiitaiism (hi-po-pit-u'J-tar-izm) [G. hypo,
hypopho'ria [G. hypo, below, -H phora, motion.] A under.] A
condition due to diminished activity or
tendency of the visual axis of one eye to sink loss of a part of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis
below that of its normal fellow. cerebri, marked by the hypophysis syndrome, or
hypophos'phite. A salt of hypophosphorous acid. dystrophia* adiposogenitalis.
hypophosphorous acid (hi"po-fos'for-us as'id). An hypopla'sia [G. hypo, under, -I- ptosis, a moulding.]
acid, HjPOj, occurring in both solid and liquid I. Defective formation, incomplete development
form, salts of which are used to some extent in of a part. z. Atrophy due to destruction of
rickets and tuberculosis. some of the elements and not merely to their
hypophrenia (hi-po-fre'ni-ah) [G. hypo, below, -)- general reduction in size.
-phrenia.] A condition of subnormal mentality, hypoporosis (hi-po-po-ro'sis) [G. hypo, under, -H
feeblemindedness. poros, callus, -osis.l +
Deficient formation of
hypophrenic (hi-po-fren'ik). i. Relating to hypo- callus after fracture of a bone.
phrenia, feebleminded. 2. A feebleminded hypopselaphesia (hi"pop-sel-a-fe's!t-ah) [G. hypo,
person. tinder, + pselaphesis, touch.] Diminished tactile
hypophrenosis (hi-po-fre-no'sis). A mental sensibility, tactile hypesthesia.
state belonging to the group of hypophrenia hypo'pyon [G. hypo, h neath, + fyon, pus.] The
or feeblemindedness. presence of a pus-like fluid or pultaceous mass in
hypophyseal, hypophysial (hi-po-fiz'e-al). Relat- the anterior chamber of the eye. h. kerati'tis,
ing to an hypophysis. suppurative inflammation of the cornea compli-
hypophysec'tomize. To remove the hypophysis cated with hypopyon, h. kerato-iri'tis, suppura-
cerebri. tive inflammation of the cornea and iris compli-
hypophysectomy (hi-pfi-fl-sek'to-ml) [hypophysis + cated with hypopyon.
Q.eklome, excision.] Surgical removal of the hypo'pyum. Hypopyon.
hypophysis cerebri. hyporeilezia (hi"po-re-fleks'J-ah) [G. hypo, under,
hypophyseoprivic (hi-po-fiz"e-o-priv'ik). Hypo- + reflex.] A condition in which the reflexes
physeoprivus. are weakened.
 ;

HYPOS 479 HYPOXANTHINE

hypos (hi'poz). Hypochondriasis. hypothal'amus [G. hypo, below, + ihalamos, thala-
hjrposar'ca [G. hypo, under, +
sarxisark-), flesh.] mus.] [BNA] Subthalamic region, divided into
Extreme anasarca or dropsy of the subcutaneous the pars mamillaris, comprising the corpue
conne ti tissue.
p--
mamillare, and the pars optica, comprising ths
hyposcheotomy (hi-pos-ke-ot'o-ml) [G. hypo, under, tuber cinereum, infundibulum, hypophysis (pitui-
+ oscheon, scrotum, +
tome, incision.] Incision tary body), and the lamina cinerea.
or puncture into a hydrocele at its most dependent hjrpothe'cium [G. hypo, under, -t- theke, box.] In
point. botany, the subhymenial layer, or layer of
hyposcle'ral [G. hypo, beneath, +
sclera."] Beneath hyphal tissue, in fungi, beneath the hymenium.
the sclerotic coat of the eyeball. hypothelesia (hi-po-thel-e'z!-ah) [G. hypo, under,
hyposecre'tion. Diminished secretion. -I- thelSsis, will. Weakness of will; hypo-
hyposialadenitis (hi"po-si"al-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. ypo, chondriasis.
under, +
sialon, saliva, +
a en, gland, +
-iiis, ] hypoth'enar [G. hypo, under, +
thenar, the palm.]
inflammation of the submaxillary salivary 1. The fleshy mass
at the inner (little-finger) side
glands. of the palm. 2. Noting any structure in relation
'

hyposkeocytosis (hi"po-ske"o-si-to'sis) [G. hypo, with this part. h. em'inence, h. prom'inence,

under, +
skaios, left, + kytos, cell, H- -dsis.] Hy- hypothenar(i).
poneocytosis. hypother'mal [G. hypo, under, -t- thermos, hot.] i.
hyposmia (hi-poz'mi-ah) [G. hypo, under, + Noting a subnormal bodily temperature, one
osme, smell. Hyposphresia, diminished sense below 98.6° F. (37° C.) u. Tepid.
of smell, olfactory hypesthesia. hypother'mia [G. hypo, imder, + therme, heat.] A
hypospa'dia. Hypospadias. subnormal temperature of the body, one below
hypospa'diac. i. Relating to hypospadia. 2. A 98.6° P. (37° C).
sufferer from hypospadia. hypothesis (hi-poth'e-sis) [G. supposition, hypo,
hypospadias [G. hypospad, I
(hi-po-spa'di-as) under, -|- thesis, a placing.] A supposition, a
draw away from
under.] Hypospadia, a theory.
defect in the wall of the urethra so that the hypothymia (hi-po-thi'n^-ah) [G. hypo, below, -|-
canal is open for a greater or lesser distance -thymia.] Depression of spirits, the "blues."
on the under surface of the penis; also a similar hypothyrea, hypothyreoidea, hypothyreosis (hi-po'
defect in the female urethra. thi're-ah, hi-po-thi-re-o-id'e-ah, hi-po-thi-re-o'sis>
hyposphresia (hi-po-sfre'sl-ah) [G. hypo, under, + [G. hypo, under, + thyreoeides thyroid.] i. Di-
osphresis, smell.] Hyposmia. minished secretion of the thyroid gland, thyroid
hyposphyxia (hi-po-sfik'si-ah) [G. hypo, under, + insufficiency, z. A condition resulting from the
sphyxis, pulse.] Abnormally low blood pressure lack of thyroid secretion, as myxedema.
with sluggishness of the circulation. hypothyroida'tion [G. hypo, under, + E. thyroid.']
hypos'tasis [G. hypo, under, + stasis, a standing.] The induction of hypothyrea, or of the symptom-
I. A sediment; the matter rising to the surface, complex due to diminished functional activity of
instead of sinking, is called epistasis. :i. Hypo- the thyroid gland.
static congestion. hypothyroidea, hypothy'roidism (hi-po-thi-ro-id'-
hypostat'ic. i. Sedimentary; resulting from a e-ah) . Thyroid insufficiency, hypothyrea.
dependent position. 2. In Mendelian heredity, hypoto'nia [G. hypo, under, -I- tones, tone.] i.
denoting a character which is hidden by another Reduced tension in any part, as in the eyeball.
superposed upon it, the two not being allelo- 2. Relaxation of the arteries. 3. A condition in
morphic. h. conges'tion, stagnation of the which there is a diminution or loss of muscular
blood in the capillaries or larger vessels due to tonicity, in consequence of which the muscles
gravitation; met with in the lungs of a person may be stretched beyond their normal limits.
long in bed with an exhausting disease, and in the hypoton'ic [G. hypo, under, + ionos, tension.]
veins of the leg in those who stand much. Having a lesser degree of tension, noting that one
hyposthe'nia [G. hypo, vrnder, + sthenos, strength.] of two solutions which possesses the lesser
Weakness. osmotic pressvtre. h. salt solu'tion, one having a
hyposthe'niant [G. hypo, below, +
sthenos, strength.] lesser osmotic pressure than the blood.
1. Depressing the vital forces. 2. An agent hypoto'nus, hypot'ony. Hypotonia.
which reduces strength. hypotoxicity (hi-po- toks-is'J-tJ). Reduced toxicity;
hyposthenuria (hi-pos-then-u'ri-ah) [G. hypo, the quality of being only slightly poisonous.
under, + sthenos, strength, +
ouron, tirine.] Hypotrichida (hi-po-trik'1-dah) [G. hypo, below, +
Diminished secretion of urine due to a lessened thrixifrich-'), hair.] An order of Ciliata in which
amount of fluid in the tissues and consequent the cilia are confined to the under surface of a
inspissation and lowering of the freezing point, flattened cell and sometimes fuse to form mem-
due to a lessened amotmt of fluid in the tissues branelles and cirri.
and consequent inspissation and lowering, of the hypotrichosis (hi-po-tri-ko'sis) JG. hypo, under, +
freezing point. irichosis, hairiness.] Abnormally slight hairiness
hyposul'phite. A
salt of hyposulphurous acid, or a deficiency of hair on the head and body.
bf thiosulphuric acid. hypot'rophy [G. hypo, under, -I- trophe, nourish-
hyposulphurous acid (hi-po-sul'fu-rus as'id). i. An meiit.] A
condition of progressive degeneration
acid HzSOz, forming hyposulphites with bases. and loss of function of certain cells and tissues;
2. Thiosulphuric acid. abiotrophy, abionergy.
hyposystole (hi-po-sis'to-le) [G. hypo, tmder.] A hypotro'pia [G. hypo, under, +
trope, turn.] Vertical
weak or incomplete cardiac systole. squint, in which the axis of one eye deviates
hypotax'ia [G. hypo tmder, +
taxis, order.] A downward.
condition of weak or imperfect coordination. hypoxanthine (hi-pok-san'thin). Sarcine, a leuco-
hypoten'sive. Marked by low blood-pressure. Ac- maine, CtH^NjO, present in the muscles and
cording to the classification of Huchard, the other tissues and formed during the decomposi-
h, diseases are the infectious diseases, in which, tion of protein, occiuring in one of the stages
he holds, there is a fall of blood-pressure. of the formation of urea and uric acid.
HYPSIBRACHYCEPHALIC 480 HYSTEROEPILEPSY

hypsibraehycephalic (hip-sl-brak"l-s8-fa;l'ik) [G. hysteria (his-te'ri-ah) [G. hystera, womb, because

hypsi, on high, +
brachys, broad, + kephale, formerly thought to be of uterine causation.]^ A
head.] Having a high broad head, such as that chronic neurosis, or psychoneurosis, characterized
of a Malay. by disorders of the will, perversion of the inhibi-
hypsicephalic (hip"si-sS-fal'ik) [G. hypsi, aloft, on tory powders of consciousness, and partial cessa-
high, +kephale, head.] Having a high, peaked tion or exaltation of the individual functions of the
head. Noting a skull 'with a vertical index above brain. It is marked by symptoms of the most
75. Similar to acrocephalic* varied character, from simple nervous instability
hypsiceph'aly [G. hypsi, on high, + kephale, head.] and attacks of emotional excitement, with cause-
Condition in which the skull is elevated, having a less crying or laughing, to convulsions, muscular
cranial index of over 75. contractures, vasomotor, trophic, and psychic
hyp'siloid [G. hyp silon, the Greek y or u, +eidos, disorders, ma'jor h.i a form of h. in which there
resemblance.] Shaped like the Greek letter T or may be permanent paralysis, anesthesia, or
v; Y-shaped, U-shaped, ypsiliform. h. angle, contractures with well marked stigmata, and in
y-angle. h. car'tilage, y-cartilage, h. lig'ament, which convulsive or violent emotional attacks
ligamentum iliofemorale. may occur; hysteroepilepsy. mi'nor h., a mild
hypsistaphylia (hip"s}-sta-fil'i-ah) [G. hypsi, on form of h. characterized chiefly by subjective
high, + staphyle, uvula.] A
condition in which pains, nervousness, undue sensitiveness, and
the palate is high and narrow. sometimes attacks of emotional excitement, but
hypsistenocephalic (hip-si-sten"o-sS-fal'ik) [G. hypsi, without permanent paralysis or other stigmata.
on high, + stenos, narrow, + kephale, head.] hyste'riac. An hysterical person.
Having a high, narrow head, such as that of an hyster'ic. i. Hysterical. 2. An hysterical person.
Abyssinian, hysterical (his-ter'I-kal). Relating to or suffering
hypsoceph'aly. Hypsicephaly. from hysteria, h. fe'ver, h. pyrex'ia, see fever.
hyp'sophyll [G. hypsi, on high, +phylton, leaf.] h. joint, articular or arthral neuromimesis, a
Bract. simidation of joint disease, with symptoms of pain,
hypurgia (hi-pur'jl-ah) [G. hypcmrgia, help, service.] possibly swelling, and impairment of motion, of
Any of the minor factors modifying the course of a nervous origin not dependent upon actual lesion.
disease either for good or for ill, especially the hyster'icism. A
tendency or predisposition to
former. hysterial
hy'rax [G. a mouse.] Hyraceum, the dried excre- hystericoneuralgic (his-ter"i-ko-nu-raI'jik). Re-
ment of an animal, resembling a badger, of lating to neuralgic pains of hysterical origin.
Africa and Syria employed like musk.
; hyster'lcs. An attack of hysteria, especially of
hyr'gol.Trade name of colloidal mercury, hy- minor hysteria with emotional excitement.
drargyrum* coUoidale. Metritis, inflammation
hysteritis (his-ter-i'(e')tis).
Hyrtl's anastomo'sis or loop (her'tl) [Joseph Hyril, of the uterus.
Viennese anatomist, 1811-1894.] An anasto- hystero- [G. hystera, uterus.] A
prefix denoting
motic loop between the right and left hypoglossal (i) the uterus, or (2) hysteria.
nerves, lying between the geniohyoid and genio- hysterobubopocele (his"ter-o-bu-bon'o-sSl) [G. hys-
glossus muscles or in the substance of the genio- tera, uterus, +
boubon, groin, +
kele, hernia.]
hyoid; it is found about once in ten times. An inguinal hernia containing the uterus.
H.'s epitympan'ic recess', aditus ad antrum. hysterocat'alepsy. Major hysteria with cataleptic
H.'s sphinc'ter, a band, generally incomplete, manifestations.
of circular muscular fibers in the rectum about 4 hysterocataphraxis (his"ter-o-kat-ah-frak'sis) [G.-
inches above the anus. hystera, uterus, +
kataphrasso, I cover with mail.]
hyssop (his'up) [G. hyssopos.l The tops of Hysso- Supporting a displaced uterus by loops of wire
pus officinalis, an herbaceous plant of Southern passed through the abdominal wall and encircling
Europe, cultivated in America; an aromatic the uterus.
stimulant and diaphoretic, employed in dyspep- hysterocele (his'ter-o-sel) [G. hystera, uterus, H-
sia, amenorrhea, muscular rheumatism, and kelS, hernia.] Hernia of the uterus.
senile bronchitis, in doses of 5i~2 (4.0-8.U of hysterocervicot'omy [G. hystera, uterus, L. +
a fluidextract. cervix, neck, +
G. tome incision.] Hysterotrache-
hysteral'gia [G hystera, uterus, -I- algos, pain.] lotomy.
Hysterodynia, metralgia, metrodynia; neuralgic hysterocleisis (his"ter-o-kli'sis) [G. hystera, uterus,
pain in the uterus. + kleio, I close.] Operative occlusion of the
hysterectomy (his-ter-ek'to-mi) [G. hystera, uterus, uterus.
-I- ektome, excision.] Removal of the uterus. hysterocystocleisis (his'ter-o-sis'to-kli'sis) [G. hys-
abdom'inal h., celiohysterectomy, laparo- tera, uterus, +
kystis, bladder, -t- kleio, I shut in.]
hystereotomy, removal of the uterus through an Bozeman*s* operation of fastening the cervix
incision in the abdominal wall, paravag'inal h., uteri in the wall of the bladder.
removal of the uterus through a perineal inci- hys"terocys'topexy [G. hystera, uterus, -I- kystis,
sion involving only the lower two-thirds of the bladder, -I- pexis, fixation.] Attachment of
vaginal wall; Schuchardt's operation, vag'inal both uterus and bladder to the abdominal w'all
h., colpohysterectomy, removal of the uterus for the cure of prolapse.
through the vagina without incising the wall of hysterodynia (his"ter-o-din'i(-ah) [G. hystera,
the abdomen. uterus, +0(fy»e, pain.]Hysteralgia, uterine pain.
hystere'sis [G. hysteresis, a coming too late.] Failure hysteroepilepsy (his'ter-o-ep'i-lep-sl). Major hys-
of either one of two related phenomena to keep teria, a form of hysteria in which there are nervous
pace with the other. explosions of a violent character. The attack
hystereurynter (his"ter-u-rin'ter). Metreurynter, begins usually with an aura, followed by epileptoid
an instrument, such as Barnes's bag, for dilating convulsions; these are succeeded by a stage of
the OS uteri. contortions in which the tonic and slowly clonic
hystereurysis (his"ter-u'ri-sis) [G. hystera, the womb, spasms embrace the entire body or one or more
+ euryno, I dilate.] Dilatation of the os uteri. extremities; the next stage is one of emotional
HYSTEROEPILEPSY 481 HYTHER
attitudes in which the patient gives dramatic hysterophore (his'ter-o-for) [G. hystera, uterus, -I-
expression to feelings of anger, disgust, surprise, phoros, bearing.] A pessary or other support for
joy, or other intense emotion; the final stage is a prolapsed or displaced uterus.
one of delirium. The complete attack lasts from hystero'pia [G. dps(5p-), eye.] An hysterical visual
5 or 10 minutes to half an hour. defect.
hys"teroepilep"togen'ic, hysteroepileptogenous (his"- hysteropsychosis (his"ter-o-si-ko'sis). i. A mental
ter-o-ep-i-lep-toj'en-us). Causing hystero- disorder caused by uterine disease, z. A psycho-
epilepsy. sis of hysterical nature.
hysteroerotic (his'ter-o-e-iot'ik). Characterized by hysteropto'sia, hysteropto'sis [G. hystera, uterus, +
erotism of hysterical origin. ptosis, a falling.] Metroptosia, prolapse of the
hysterofrenatory (his"ter-o-fren'a-to-r5(). [See hys- uterus, falling of the womb; a downward dis-
t erofrenic. ] Hysterof renic. placement of the uterus.
hysterofrenic (his"ter-o-fren'il£) \Jiysteria L. + hysteror'rhaphy [G. hystera, womb, -t- rhaphe,
frenare, to curb.] Arresting an hysterical attack, suture.] I. Hysteropexy. ^. Repair of a lacer-
noting certain areas pressure upon which has this ated cervix uteri.
effect. hys"terorrhex'is [G. hystera, uterus, +
rhexis, rup-
hysterogenic, hysterogenous (his-ter-o-jeu'ik, his- ture.] Rupture of the pregnant uterus.
ter-oj'en-us) [hysteria +
G. gennao, I produce.] hys"terosal'pingo-o"'ophorec'tomy [G. hystera, uterus,
Causing hysteria, h. a'reas, points, or zones, -I- salpinx, trumpet, -I- don, ovum, phoros,+
various circumscribed areas of the skin, pressure bearing, +ektome, excision.] Hysterosalpingo-
upon which excites a paroxysm of major hysteria. oothecectomy.
hys'teroid [hysteria +G. eidos, resemblance.] hys"terosal"pingo-o''othecec'tomy [G. hystera, uterus,
Resembling or simulating hysteria, h. convul'- -I- salpinx, trumpet, -I- ootheke, ovary, ektome,+
sion, major hysteria, hysteroepilepsy. excision.] Surgical removal of the uterus, ovi-
hysterolaparofomy. Laparohysterotomy, celio- duct, and ovaries.
hysterotomy.* hysterosalpingostomy (his"ter-o-sal-ping-gos'to-ml)
hys'terolith [G. hystera, uterus, +
lithos, stone.] [G. hystera, uterus, salpinx, trumpet, -I- stoma,
-f-

Uterine calculus, a concretion within the mouth.] The operative establishment of a com-
uterus. munication between the uterus and the pervious
hysterol'ogy [G. hystera, uterus, + -logia.'] The portion of a partially occluded Fallopian tube.
branch of medical science treating of the uterus hysteroscope (his'ter-o-skop) [G. hystera, uterus, -t-
in all its relations. skopeo, I view.] A
modified speculum or cysto-
hysteroloz'ia [G. hystera, uterus, + loxos, slanting.] scope for examination of the cavity of the uterus.
Oblique version or flexion of the uterus. hys'terostomat'omy, hys"terostomatot'omy [G. hys-
hysteroma'nia [G. hystera, uterus, + mania, frenzy.] tera, uterus, -I- stoma, mouth, -I- tome, incision.]
1. Nymphomania,* metromania. 2. Hysterical Incision of the os or cervix uteri, hysterotomy.
mania. hysterosyph'ilis. Hysteria seemingly of syphilitic
hysterom'eter [G. hyttera, uterus, +
metron, meas- causation.
ure.] A graduated sotmd for measuring the hys'terotome. An instrument for incising the cervix
depth of the uterine cavity. uteri.
bysteromyoma (his"ter-o-mi-o'mah) [G. hystera, hysterot'omy [G. hystera, uterus, -f tome, incision.]
uterus, H- mys(myo-), muscle, + -omo.] A my- I. Metrotomy, incision of the uterus, cesarean

oma of the uterus. section. 2. Hysterostomatomy.

hysteromyomectomy (his"ter-o-mi-o-mek'to-mS) hysterotrachelorrhaphy (his"ter-o-trak-S-loT'i-fi) [G.
[hysteromyoma + G. ektome, excision.] Opera- hystera, uterus . +
irachelos, neck, -f- rhaphe,
tive removal of a uterine myoma, a seam.] Hysterorrhaphy (2), repair of a
hysteronar'colepsy. Narcolepsy of hysterical origin. lacerated cervix uteri.
hysteroneurasthenia (his"ter-o-nu-ras-the'ni-ah). hysterotrachelotomy (his"ter-o-trak-S-lot'o-mI) [G.
Neurasthenia In an hysterical subject. hystera, uterus, -1- trachelos, neck, -t- tome, inci-
hysteroneuro'sis. A neurosis caused by uterine sion.] Incision of the cervix uteri.
disease. hys'terotraumat ic Relating to hysterotraumatism.
liys''tero-o"ophorec'tomy [G. hystera, uterus, + hysterotraumatism (his"ter-o-traw'ma-tizm) [G.
don, ovum, -f- phoros, bearer, +
ektome, excision.] trauma, injury.] Traumatic hysteria; hysteria
Hystero-oothecectomy. following the shock of a severe injury,
hystero-o"othecec'tomy [G. hystera, uterus, + hysterotris'mus. 1. Hysterical lockjaw. 2. Uter-
ootheke, ovary, + ektome, excision.] Surgical ine spasm.
removal of the uterus and ovaries. hystriciasis (his"trl-si'a-sis). Hystricism, Ichthy-
hysterop'athy [G. hystera, uterus, +
pathos, suffer- osis* hystrix.
ing.] Any disease of the uterus. hystricism (his'tri-sizm) [G. hystrix, hedgehog.] Ich-
hys'teropexy [G. hystera, uterus, -I- pexis, fixation.] thyosis* hystrix, hystriciasis.
The fixation of a misplaced or abnormally mov- hys'trix. Ichthyosis hystrix.
able uterus, abdom'inal h., ventrofixation, lap- hyther (hi'thur) [G. hy(,ddr) water, -I- ther{me),
arohysteropexy, attachment of the uterus to the heat.] A word coined by W. P. Tyler, P. R. Met.
anterior abdominal wall, vag'inal h., vagino- Soc, to indicate the combined effect upon the
fixation, colpohysteropexy, attachment of the organism of the humidity and the temperature of
uterus to the peritoneal covering of the vagina. the atmosphere.

31
 ;

482 ICHTHYOPHAGOUS

I. Chemical symbol of iodine. + haima, blood.] Blood-poisoning from the

i. Abbreviation for optically inactive. absorption of an ichorous discharge.
-iasis [G.] A termination noting a condition or ichthalbin (ik-thal'bin). Trade name of a prepara-
state expressed by a verb terminating in -ao or tion made by the action of ichthyolsulphonic acid
-iaS, as psoriasis from psoriao I have the itch or on albumin, ichthyol albuminate; a grayish
mange. In medical neologisms it has the same powder insoluble in water, employed as an altera-
value as, and is sometimes interchangeable with, tive "and intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 10—30
-ojw,* as trichiniasis or trichinosis, (o 6-2 . o).
.

iatralip'tic (i-4-tr4-lip'tik) [G. iairos, physician, + ichthargan (ik-thar'gan). Trade name of silver
aleiptes, an annointer.] Noting treatment by ichthyolate, silver sulphichthyolate, a combina-
inunction, or the epidermic method. tion of silver nitrate and ichthyol sulphonic acid
iatralip'tics. Method of treatment by inunction. a dark brown powder, soluble in water, containing
iat'ric [G. iairos, physician.] Medical. about 30 per cent, of silver; employed as an
iatrochemical (i-af'ro-kem'l-kal). Noting a school astringent and antiseptic injection in gonorrhea,
of medicine of the seventeenth century which in solutions of 1-3000 up to 1-500.
attributed all physiological and pathological as ichthargol (ik-thar'gol). Trade name for an
well as therapeutic phenomena to chemical action. insoluble silver ichthyolate containing 12 per
iatrochemist (i-afro-kem'ist). A
member of the cent, of metallic silver.
iatrochemical school. ichthermol (ik-ther'mol). Mercury ichthyolate or
i'atrol. Oxiadolmethylanilide, a, grayish white, sulphichthyolate; a blackish powder containing
odorless powder obtained by the action of nascent 24 per cent, metallic mercury
iodine on coal-tar derivatives; employed as a ichthoform (ik'tho-form) Ichthyolformaldehyde,
substitute for iodoform. a blackish brown insoluble powder, employed as
iatrol'ogy [G. iairos, physician, +
~logia.'\ Medical an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 15-30
science. (1.0—2.0), and externally as an antiseptic powder
iatromathemat'ical. latrophysical. for wounds, ulcers, etc.
iatromechanical (i-at"ro-me-kan'I-kal). latrophys- ichthydin, ichthyn, ichthulin (ik'thi-din, ik'thin,
ical. ik'thoo-lin) [G. ichthys, fish.] Albuminoid sub-
iatrophysical (i-at-ro-fiz'I-kal) [G. iairos, physician, stances from the yolks of fish-eggs.
+ physikos, physical.] Noting a school of medi- ichthyism (ik'thi-izm) [G. ichihys, fish.] Poisoning
cine in the seventeenth century, which explained by eating stale or otherwise unfit fish.
all physiological and pathological phenomena by icbthyocolla (ik-thi-o-kol'ah) [G. ichihys, fish, -I-
the laws of physics; opposed to the iatrochemical kolla, glue.] Fish glue, isinglass; the dried air-
school. bladders or sounds of Acipenser huso and other
iatrophys'icist. A
member of the iatrophysical species of sturgeons and of hake; is used for
school. making court plaster and in culinary processes.
latrotechnics (i-at-ro-tek'niks). latrotechnique. ichthyodin (ik-thi'o-din). Isarol, ammonium sul-
iatrotechnique (i-at"ro-tek-nek') [G. iairos, physi- phonate, a thick, dark brown liquid having
cian, + iechne, art.] Medical and svirgical art; properties similar to those of ichthyol.
the technique or mode of application of medical ichthyoform (ik'thl-o-form). Ichthoform.
science. ichthyoid (ik'thJ-oyd) [G. ichihys, fish, +eidos,
Jtit. Bismuth oxyiodotannate, a grayish, odor- resemblance.] Fish-shaped.
less, tasteless powder; employed as a substitute ichthyol (ik tM-ol). Ichthyoliun;* ammonimn-
for iodoform. ichthyol. i. albu'ininate, ichthalbin. i. formal'-

-ic. Asuffix denoting that the element to the dehyde, ichthoform. i. lith'ium, lithium ichthyo-
name of which it is attached is in combination sulphonate. i. oil, see ichthyolum. i, sil'ver,
in one of its higher valencies. ichthargan.
ice. Water congealed by a temperature below ichthyolsulphonic acid (ik"thl-ol-sul-fon'ik as'id).
32° F. (0" C). i. bag, a rubber bag in which Sulphoichthyolic or sulphichthyolic acid, pre-
cracked ice is put employed as a means for the
; pared by mixing crude ichthyol oil with an excess
local application of cold. i. cap, an i. bag made of of concentrated sulphuric acid; it forms ichthyol-
such a shape as to be readily fitted over the head. sulphonates with many organic and inorganic
Ice'land moss. Cetraria. I. spar, crystallized cal- bases; the ammonium salt is called ichthyol, the
cium carbonate used in the manufacture of other salts being distinguished by the addition of
Nicol* prisms. the name of the base.
Ichor (i'-kor) [G. ichor, serum.] A thin watery ichthyolum (ik-tM-o'lum) [G. ichthys, fish, +
L.
discharge from an ulcer or unhealthy woimd.. oleum, oil.] Ichthyol, a brownish oil obtained by
ichore'mia, ichorae'mia. Ichorrhemia. the destructive distillation of a bituminous rock,
ichorold (i'kS-royd) [G. ichor + eidos, resemblance.] filled with fossil fish, foimd near Seefeld in the
Noting a thin purulent discharge. Tyrol. The term is usually applied to the form
ichorous (i'kor-us). Relating to or resembling employed in medicine, ammonium-ichthyol (q.v.).
ichor, serous. See also sodium-ichthyol, ichthalbin, ichthargan,
ichorrhea, ichorrhoea (i-kor-re'ah) [G. ichor + ichthermol, and ichthoform.
rhoia, a flow.] A
profuse ichorous discharge. ichthyophagous (ik-thl-of'S-gus) [G. ichihys, fish, -|-

Ichorrhemia, ichorrhsemla (i"kfi-re'mJ-ah) [G. ichor phago, I eat.] Fish-eating, subsisting on fish.
 .

ICHTHYOPHAGY 483 IDEOGLANDULAR

ichthyophagy (ik-thl-ofa-ji) The habit of fish- icterohematu'ric. Noting jaundice, together with
eating. the passage of blood in the urine.
ichthyophobia (ik-thi-o-fo'M-ah) [G. ichthys, fish, Icterohemoglobinu'ria. Noting jaundice, together
+ f hobos, fear.] An aversion to fish. with the passage of the blood-coloring matter in
ichthyosis (ik-tU-o'sis) [G. ichthys, fish.] Fishskin the urine.
disease, xeroderma, a congenital rough skin due icterohepatitis (ik"ter-p-hep-a-ti'(te')tis) [G. ikteros,
to a generalized hypertrophy of the horny layer jaundice, + heparQiepat-), liver, -|- -itis."] In-
of the epidferinis with diminished sweat and seba- flammation of the liver with jaundice as a prom-
ceous secretion, i. congen'ita, i. present in inent symptom.
extreme degree at birth, i. follicula'ris, keratosis ic'teroid [G. ikteros, jatindice, -1- eidos, resemblance.]

foUiculaiis. hys'trix [G. hystrix, hedgehog], i.

i. Yellow-hued, seemingly jaundiqed,. icteritious.
of extreme degree, occurring in circumscribed ic'terus [G. ikteros^ Jaundice, cythemolyt'ic i., i.
elevated patches; hystricism. i. intrauteri'na, i. resulting from absorption of bile produced in
1 congenita. I. linea'ris, linear i.,, a condition excess through stimulation by free hemoglobin
marked by bands, showing the lesiQJis,pf ich- resulting from, the destruction of red blood-cor-
thyosis, which follow in general the course of puscles, i. febri'lis, Weil's* disease, i. gra'vis,
'
certain cutaneous nerves; called also linear jaundice associate^ with "high fever and delirium,
naevus, linear papilloma, nsevus papillaris, papil- seen in acute yellow atjophy, and other destruc-
loma neuroticum or neuropathicum. I. lin^guse, tive diseases of the liver, i. me'las, black jaun-

i. of the tongue, leucoplakia. i. palma'ris,' kera- dice, a, form in which the skin assumes a dirty
tosis palmaris. i. palma'ris et planta'ris, kera-' dark brpwn, colo'r.' i. riebnato'rum, Buhrs dis-
todermia symmetrica, i. planta'ris, keratosis ease, ^Winckel's disease,' jaundice of the newborn,
plantaris. i. sauroder'ma [G. sauros, lizard, + ped,ic'terus; }t is, either pf a mild form and tem-
derma, skin], crocodile skin; an extreme degree of porary, physiological jaundice, or of severe, and
ichthyosis in which the surface is covered with usually .fatal forrii, due to congenital occlusion of
thick plates marked like the hide of a crocodile. the common bile-duct, congenital syphilitic
i. Bcutula'ta [L. scutulaius, lozenge-shaped, check- pirrhosis. of the liver,, or septic pylephlebitis.
ered],i. marked by diamond-shaped or shield- K ,pf ae'cQX, jaundice pccurring in secondary ,

shaped lesions, i. seba'cea, the presence of an sypijilis. i. typhoid'es, ^cute yellow atrophy of,
unusual amoiuit of vemix caseosa. i. seba'cea the liver, infec'tious i., Weil's* disease.
cor'nea, keratosis foUieularis. i. serpenti'na, i. of ictpm'eter L. ^tus, stroke, -I- G, weiroM,, pie'sisure.]
marked degree which the homy plates preseijt
in .An apparatus for determining the. force of, the
the appearance seen on a serpeiit's skin. i. apex beat of the heart,
sim'plex, ordinary i., xeroderma, i, spino'sa, ic'tus [L.] I. A
stroke, a beat. 2. An attack, i.

i. hystrix. i. u'teri, a comification of the epithe- cor'dis, heart beat. i. inunxinisato'rius, the pro-,
'
lium of the uterme tnucous membrane. ducl^ipn of a great mass qf aiitibodies by the
ichthyotic (ik-tM-ot'ik). Relating to ichthyosis'. . injection of large amounts of the antagpnistic
ichthyotoxicon (ik-thJ-o-tok'sI-kon) [G. ichtHys, blood-cells, or bacteria or their toxins, at one
,

fish, +
toxikon, poison.] Fish-poison, a toxic tiine. i. epilep'ticus, anepileptic coriyulsipn.
principle in certain fishes. i. paralyt'icus, a stroke of paralysis, i. san'guinis,
ichthyotozin' (ik-thi-o-toks'in) . The hemolytic apoplexy, i. so'lis, sunstroke.
active principle of eel serum. id [G. idios, peculiar, separate, one's own.]
.,0;ie of
ichthyotox'ism [G. ichthys, fish, + toxikon, poison.] the complex groups which form the idipjjiasm,
Poisoning by fish. chromomere ; it is supposed to be the bearer of .'

icing heart, liver, etc. (is'ing). Sugar-coated heart, the hereditary qualities. "

frosted Tieart, etc. ; a condition in which the heart, I'daho Hot Springs, Colorado. Alkalin?Tsaline
liver, or other organ is found post mortem covered waters, 85° F. to 115° F. Used by bathing in
with a more or less thick layer of a porcelain-like various disorders. 'Very near is a cold spring of
substance; see hyaloserositis, effervescent water used for drinking.
ICT. Abbreviation, used in some army medical I'dan-Ha Spring, Idaho. Alkaline-salinerfemiginpus-
reports for inflammation of connective tissue, carbonated waters, tfsed by drinking for the
applied to ecthyma, boils, cellulitis, and what- diuretic,mild aperient, and .tpnio properties.
not, and especially to tropical ulcer as seen in id'ant. Weismann's term for one of the nuclear
Gallipoli, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. rods or chromosomes in the fertilized ovum, con-
icter'ic [G. iHterikos, jaundiced.] Relating to or taining an 'aggregate of the ids, or all kinds of
marked -by jaundice. i. fe'ver, pernicious biophores of the organism.
malaria* with jaundice as a, prominent symp- ide'a [G. semblance.] A
mental image or concept
tom. of something not present in space, dpm'inant i.,
icteritious (ik-ter-ish'us). Yellowish, of a jaundiced one which governs all the actions and thoughts
appearance, icteroid. of the individual, fixed i., an exaggerated notion
icteroane'mia, icteroanse'mia. Jaundice combined or delusion which dominates the mind; a per-
with the blood changes of anemia, acquired' manent dominant i.

hemolyt'ic i., Widal's* syndrome. ide'al. Relating to an idea; imaginative; not

Ic'terode [G. ikterodes, jaundiced.] Icteroid. real.
icterogen (ik'ter-o-jen) [G. ikteros, jaundice, + ideation (i-de-a'shun). The formation of ideas.
gennao, I produce.] An arsenic preparation of idea'tional. Relating to ideation, or the formation
the salvarsan series, which has a selective action of ideas.
on the liver cells, causing degeneration of the identification (i-den"ti-fi-ka'shun) [L. idenlicus, the
same with the production of jaundice. It has same, facere, to make.] An exaggerated in-
+
been used experimentally in the treatment of trojection* in which there is a definite, though
mouse tumors upon which it appears to have a usually unconscious, sense of oneness or psychic
curative effect. continuity with another person.
icterogen'ic [G. ikteros, jaundice, -|- gennao, I pro- ideoglandular (i-.de-6-glan'du-lar). Relating to se-
duce.] Causing jaundice. cretion or glandular activity aroused by a inental
IDEOGLANDULAR 484
IDIOPLASM

image, As in the "watering of the mouth" excited of the thumbs and little fingers, a flattened skull,
by the thought of savory food. and the slanting eye-slits of the eastern Asiatic.
ideometaboUsm (i-de-o-'mS-tab'o-lizm). Metabol- paralyt'ic i., i. due to cerebral lesions occurring
in infancy and causing spastic or other forms
ism as influenced by the mental processes. of
ideomotion (i-de-o-mo'shun). Muscular movement paralysis, paraple'gic i., paralytic i. in which
executed under the influence of a dominant idea, the muscular affection has the form of a para-
being practically automatic and not volitional. plegia, senso'rial i., mental deficiency depend-
ideomo'tor. Relating to ideomotion. ent upon the loss in infancy, or congenital
ideomus'cular. Ideomotor. absence, of one or more of the special senses,
ideoplastia (i-de-o-plas'tl-ah) [G. idea, +
plasso, I traumat'ic i., mental deficiency assumed to be
form.] The receptive condition in a hypnotized due to a fall, a blow, or other injury received in
person in which he is completely open to sugges- infancy or early childhood.
tion. idiogamist (id-i-og'am-ist) [G. idios, individual, +
Ideovascular (i-de-o-vas'ku-lar). Relating to circu- gamos, marriage.] One who is capable of sexual
latory changes excited by a mental image or idea. union with only one or a few individuals of the
idioagglutinin (id'^-o-S-glu'tin-in) [G. idios, one's opposite sex, being impotent in the presence of
own.] An agglutinin normally present in the any others.
» blood and not formed in response to the injection idiogen'esis [G. idios, self,+ genesis, production.]
of an antigen. Origin without evident cause, noting especially
Idioblast (idl-o-blast) [G. idios, peculiar, individual, that of a so-called idiopathic disease,
+ blastos, genni] i. One of the ultimate elements idioglos'sia [G idios, one's own, +
glossa, tongue,
of the idioplasm formed of atom-groups or mole- speech.] An extreme form of lalling or vowel or
cule-groups. 2. One of the cells in a plant which consonant substitution, by which the speech of a
differ from the surrounding parenchyma and childmay be made unintelligible and appear to
which contain pigment, oil, gum, or other special be another language to one who has not the key
product. to the literal changes.
idiochromatin (id^-o-kro'mS-tin) [G. idios, one's kdioglott'ic. Relating to idioglossia.
own, peculiar.] The chromatin which has to do idioheteroagglutinin (id"l-o-het"er-o-4-glu'tin-in) [G.
with reproduction and heredity, as distinguished idios, one's own, + heteros, another.] An idio-
from the vegetative chromatin. agglutinin present ii^ normal blood, active in
idlochromidia (id"I-o-kro-mid^-ah) [G. idios, one's respect of the cells of another species.
own, peculiar, + chromidia.'\ The germinal chro- idioheterolysin (id-J-o-het-er-ol'i-sin) [G. idios,
midia, or distributed chromatin, in certain one's own, +
heteros, other.] An hemolysin
protozoa. (idiolysin) present in normal blood, active
idiochTomosome (id"I-o-kro'mo-som) [G. idios, one's against the cells of an animal of a different
own, -f chromoso'me.'\ One of the chromosomes species.
forming the distinctive differential between the idiohypnotism (id-K-o-hip'no-tizm) [G. idios, one's
male-producing and the female-producing sper- own.] Self-induced hypnotism.
matozoa. They are divided into x-elements idioisoagglutinin (id'H-o-i'so-it-glu'tin-in) [G. idios,
and y-elements, and it is assiuned that when an one's own, -I- isos, equal.] An idioagglutinin
ovum is fertilized by a spermatozoon containing active in respect of cells of animals of the same
the x-element a female results, species.
Idioc'rasy [G. idios, individual, + krasis, a mixture, idioisolysin one's own,
(id'I-o-i-sol'i-sin) [G. idios,
temperament.] Idiosyncrasy peculiarity or indi-
; -f isos, equal.] An
hemolysin present in normal
viduality of temperament. blood, active against the cells of an individual of
idlocrat'ic. Relating to idiocrasy. the same species.
idiocy (id'J-o-s:) [G. ididteia, awkwardness, un- idiolysin (id-i-ol'-i-sin) [G. idios, one's own.] A
couthness.j Congenital mental deficiency of lysin normally present in the blood and not
extreme degree; exaggerated imbecility. formed in response to the injection of an antigen.
amaurot'ic fam'ily i., a condition marked by idiometritis (id-I-o-me-tri'(tre')tis) [G. idios, indi-
mental impairment leading to idiocy, by paral- vidual.] Inflammation of the uterine muscula-
ysis, impaired vision leading to blindness, ture, uterine myositis.
associated with changes in the macula lutea idiomuscular (id'^-o-mus'ku-lar) [G. idios, indivi-
and optic nerve atrophy, by marasmus, and dual.] Relating to the muscles alone, indepen-
finally death; the disease appears in infancy, dent of the nervous control.
often affecting several children in the same family, idioneurosis (id"I-o-nu-ro'sis) [G. t'dt'oi, individual.]
'

and usually terminates fatally about the end of A functional neurosis, one arising without appar-
the second year. Az'tec i., microcephalic i., ent extrinsic cause.
marked by receding forehead and chin, the idiopathet'ic. Idiopathic.
profile having a triangular form, cret'inoid i., idiopath'ic [G. idios, individual, +
pathos, suiiering.]
cretinism, diple'gic i., paralytic i. in which the Noting a primary disease, one originating without
paralysis affects all four extremities, epilep'tic apparent extrinsic cause.
i., i. associated with epilepsy. gen'etous i., con- Idlop'athy [G. idios, individual, +
pathos, suffering.]
genital i. of obscure causation, hemiple'gic i., A primary disease, one arising without appar-
paralytic i. in which the paralysis has the form ent extrinsic cause.
of hemiplegia, hydrocephal'ic i., i. associated idlophren'ic [G. idios, individual, +
phren, mind.]
with chronic hydrocephalus, intraso'cial i., a Relating to, or originating in, the mind or brain
condition in which the mental state pemjits the alone, not reflex or secondary.
exercise of some calling; imbecility, micro- idioplasm (id-J-o-plazm) [G. idios, one's own, +
cephal'ic i., I. occurring in a child with small plasma, something formed.] i. A term applied
skull and brain, without paralysis or other signs by Nageli to a special modification of the living
of a focal lesion. Mongo'lian or mon'goloid i., substance or protoplasm of the individual
i. marked by cheerfulness of disposition, viva- cell which determines its special characteristics
ciousness, and imitativeness, abnormal shortness and which is transmitted to all other cells
 . ;

IDIOPLASM 48s ILIOCOLQTOMY,

derived from the first. 2. The chromatin ir'eoce'cal. Relating to both ileum and cectun,
substance of the nucleus which, in the sexual noting the valve at the junction of the large and
cell, transmits hereditary characteristics; germ- small intestine, valvula"" coli [BNA].
plasm. 3. The specific inheritable substance ileocecum, ileocscum (il-e-o-se'kum). The com-
in the protozoan cell. bined ileum and cecum.
idiopsychological (id"l-o-si-ko-loj'l-kal) [G. idios, il"eocol'ic. Relating to the ileum and the colon.
self, +
psyche, soul, + -logia.l Relating to ideas ileocolitis (il-e-o-ko-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of'
developed within one's own mind, independent the mucous membrane of a greater or lesser
of suggestion from without. extent of both ileum and colon.
idioreflex (id-1-o-re'fleks) [&. idios, one's own.] A lleocolon'ic. Ileocolic.

reflex due to a stimulus or irritation originating in ileocolos'tomy [L. ileum + G. kolon, colon, -1-

the organ or part in which the reflex occurs. stoma, mouth.] The establishment of a com-
mimication between the ileum and the colon.
idiosome (id'i-o-som) [G. idios, one's own, +
soma, body.] I. The attraction-sphere of a
ileocolot'omy [L. ileum +
G. kdlon, colon, + tome,
incision.] Ileocolostomy.
spermatid or of an oocyte. 2. The indivisible
ileoileostomy (il-e-o-il-e-os'to-ml) [L. ileum + ileum
element of living matter.
idiosyncrasy (id"I-o-sin'kra-sI)[ G. idios, one's own,
+ G. stoma, mouth.] Establishment of a, com-
munication between two non-continuous portions
-t- synkrasis, a mixing together.] Idiocrasy, an
of the ileum.
individual mental or physical characteristic or
peculiarity. A
susceptibility, peculiar to the
il"eop.roctos'tomy [L. ileum + G. proktos, anus
(rectum), + stoma, mouth.] Establishment of a
individual, to the action of certain drugs, articles
communication between .the ileum and the rectum.
of diet, etc.
Idiosyncrat'ic. Relating to or marked by an idio-
ir'eorectos'tomy [L. ileum -i- rectum +
G. stoma,
mouth.] Ileoproctostomy.
syncrasy, idiocratic.
ileosigmoidos'toxny [L. ileum + G. sigmoides, sig-
td'iot [G. ididtes, an ignorant, uncouth person.] A moid, + stoma, mouth.] Establishment of a
person congenitally without understanding or communication between the ileum and the sig-
ordinary mental capacity, one who does not ad- moid colon.
vance beyond the Binet* age of 3 years; distin- ileos'tomy [L. ileum + G. stoma, mouth.] The
guished from a lunatic whose mental defect is of establishment of a fistula leading from without
post-natal origin, and from an imbecile who is into the ileiun.
more or less observant and capable of some ileot'omy [L. ileum + G. tome, incision.] Cutting
mental and physical education. See also moron. into the ileum; ileostomy.
Id'organ [G. idea + organon.] A plastid or unicell- il'eum [G. eiled, I roll up, twist.] The third por-
ular organism, theoretically capable of develop- tion of the small intestine, about 1 2 feet in length,
ment into a metazoan. extending from the junction with the jejunum to
idro'sis [G. hidros, sweat.] Hidrosis. the ileocecal valve.
ignatia (ig-na'shyah) [St. Ignatius, a martyr under ileus (il'e-us) [G. eileos, intestinal colic, from eilo, I
Trajan, tie?-] (N.F.) Ignatia amara; St. roll up tight.] Obstruction of the bowel attended
Ignatius' bean, the dried ripe seed of Strychnos with severe colicky pain.
ignatii. It is similar in its properties to nux I'lex [L.] Holly, a genus of trees and shrubs
vomica; dose: extract, gr. J— J (0.015—0.03); containing about 150 species, some of which
fluidextract, ih 2-5 (o . 13-0 3) ; tincture,
.
2-8 iiit have been used in medicine, the leaves being said
(o 13-0 . s) ; powder, gr. I (0. 06)
. to have antirheumatic and antiperiodic properties.
igni-ope ration (ig'ne-op-ur-a"shun) [L. ignis, fire.] il'iac. Relating to the iliiun. i. bursa, a bursa at the
An operation performed by means of knives at insertion of the iliopsoas muscle into the lesser
a red beat,!' trochanter, i. crest, crista iliaca. i. fascia, a
ignlpedites [L. ignis, fire, + pes
(jg-ne-pS-di'tez) continuation of the transversalis fascia covering
{pea-), foot, + Hot-foot, burning pain
G. -ties.] the anterior surface of the iliopsoas muscle above
in the soles of the feet, due to multiple neuritis the inguinal ligament, i. fossa, fossa iliaca. x.
it occurs chiefly in tropical countries. muscle, musculus iliacus. i. region, inguinal
ignipuncture (ig-ni-punk'chur) [L. ignis, fire, + region, the lower lateral abdominal* region on
pu-nciura.] Cauterization by means of hot either side of the hypogastrium. i. roll, a
needles thrust into the tissues. sausage-shaped, often painful, non-fluctuating
ig'nis [L.] Fire-, actual cautery, hot iron, moxa. mass, with convexity to the right, palpable intthe
i. sa'cer, sacred fire, herpes zoster, i. Sanc'ti left iliac fossa, due to induration of the walls of
Anto'nii, St. Anthony's fire, erysipelas. the sigmoid flexure sausage-shaped roll, sigmoid
;

IK [Ger. immun-korper.] Spengler's tuberculin.* sausage, i. spine, spina iliaca. i. tuberos'ity,

Also a preparation, on the same principle as the tuberositas iliaca.
tuberculin, for use in epidemic influenza. ili'acus. Musculus iliacus.
IKI solu'tion [/, iodine; KI, potassium iodide.] lliadel'phus [L. ilium + G. adelphos, brother.] A
Liquor iodi compositus. monster single above but double from the pelvis
iko'ta. A neurosis, similar to latah, affecting down.
married women among the Samoyeds of Northern iliocapsula'ris muscle. Iliacus minor muscle, the
Asia and Eastern Europe. It is marked by the external fibers of the iliacus muscle, inserted into
uttering of inarticulate sounds whenever the the capsule of the hip-joint; they are often dis-
woman is displeased or annoyed or, in severer tinctly separate from the rest of the muscle.
cases, by maniacal excitement. iliococcygeal (il"!(-o-kok-sij'e-al). Relating to the
il'eac. Relating to ileus, i. passion, ileus.
'
ilium and the coccyx., noting the musculus ilio-
ileadel'phus. Iliadelphus. coccygeus, composed of fibers of the levator ani
ileectomy (il-e-ek'to-ml) [L ileum + G. ektome, attached to the coccyx.
excision.] Removal of the ileum. iliocolot'omy [L. ilium -H G. kolon, colon, -I- tome^
Ileitis (il-e-i'(e')tis) [L. ileum + G. -iiis."] Inflam- incision.] The .operation of opening into the colon
mation of the ileum. in the Uiac, or inguinal, regipn.
ILIOCOSTAL 486
IMBECILE

iliocos'tal. Relating to the ilium and the ribs, lllicium (il-lis'e-imi) [L. illicere, to allure, charm.]
noting muscles passing between the two parts. Chinese or star anise, the dried fruit of lllicium
verum (not /. anisaium), an evergreen shrub or
iliocosta'lis. Iliocostal; see musculus iliocostaUs.
iliofem'oral. Relating to the ilium and the femur. small tree of southern China; stimulant carmina-
lig'ament, see under Ugamentum. tive in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3).
i.
illinition (il-in-ish'un) [L. illinire, to anoint.]
Fric-
U"iohypogas'tric. Relating to the iliac and the
tion of the surface made after the application of
hypogastric regions, i. nerve, nervus iliohypo-
an ointment, to facilitate absorption.
gastricus.
ill'ness. Disease.
ilioinguinal (il"I-o-ing'gwl-nal). Relating to the illumlna'tion [L. illuminare, to light up.] i. The
iliac region and the groin, i. nerve, nervus
lighting up of a cavity or surface for diagnostic
ilioinguinalis. purposes ; the lighting of the object under a micro-
iliolumbar (il-I-o-lmn'bar). Relating to the iliac scope. 2. The amount of light thrown upon a
and the lumbar regions.- i. ar'tery, arteria body, especially upon the object being examined
iliolumbalis. i. lig'ament, ligamentum ilio- under a microscope, ax'ial i., i. of an object by
lumbale,- 'the thickened anterior edge of the rays of light in the direction of the axis of the
lumbar from the tip of the
fascia, extending microscope, direct' i., the i. of an objectunder the
transverse process of the last lumbar vertebra microscope by light faljing upon its upper surface.
to the inner lip of the iliac crest. lat'eral oblique' i., the i. of an object imder the
i.,

iliopectineal (il'1-o-pek-tin'e-al) [L. ilium + featen, microscope by light thrown from one side.
comb Relating to the ilium
(crest'bf the pubes).] illusion (il-lu'zhun) [L. illudere, to mock.] A false
and the pubes. 1. em'inence, a low, rounded ele- perception, the mistaking of something for what it
vation on the inner surface of the junction of is not. -When 1:his illusion is fixed and cannot be
,

the bodies of the pubes and ilium, i. fas'cia, a removed by evidence to the contrary it becomes a
fascia formed by the union of the iliac and the delusion.
pectineal fascias covering the floor of the i. fossa, illu'sional. Relating to or of the nature of an
i. fos'sa a deep depression between the iliacus illusion.
and pectineus muscles in the thigh, i. lig'ament, Il'osvay rea'gent. Sulphanilic acid, 0.5, dissolved
the attachment of the iliac fascia to the i. emi- in dilute acetic acid,. 150, is mixed with naphthyl-
nence, i. line, terminal line, the line on the inner amine, i dissolved in boiling water, 20 ; the Blue
surface of the ilium fonning the dividing line sediment which forms is dissolved in dilute acetic
between the true and the false pelvis. acid, 150; a few drops of this reagent added to
iUopel'vic. Relating to the iliac region and the water, saliva, or other fluid to be tested will
cavity of the pelvis. produce a red color if nitrites are present.
iliopsoas muscle (il'1-o-so'as). The compound im'age [L. imago, likeness,] i. The representation

muscle formed by the iliacus and the psoas or picture of an object made by the rays of light
magnus, and sometimes the psoas parvus; the emanating or reflected from it. 2. A picturfe oi
muscles occupy the posterior wall of the abdo- an object not present, produced in the mihd b)
men and that of the false pelvis. memory or imagination, acciden'tal i., after-i.
Relating to the ilium and the sacnun, after-i., the i. that persists in the retina after the
iliosa'cral.
noting the musculus iliosacralis, composed of object is no longer visible, direct i., virtual i.
false i., the i. in the deviating eye in squint.
fibers of the levator ani muscle attached to the
sacrum. invert'ed i., real i. mental i., image(2). neg'ative
after-i.
i., op'tical i., image (i). real i , one
iliosciatic Relating to the ilium
(il"-!l-o-si-at'ik).
formed by the convergence of the actual rays of
and the ischium, notch, the great sciatic notch,
i.
light from an object, ret'inal i., a real i. formed
incisura* ischiadica major.
on the retina, vir'tual i., a picture formed by the
illospi'nal. Relating to the ilium and the spinal
projection of the rays on a mirror; it is perceptible
coliman.
to the eye but the rays have not been focussed and
iliothoracopagus (il"I-o-tho-rS-kop'a-gus) [L. ilium so the image cannot be thrown on a screen.
-f- G. thorax, chest, + pagos, fixed.] A double imagina'tion. The power of the mind to form
monster in which union occurs through the ilia images.
on one side and the sterna. ima'go [L. image.] The last stage of an insect after
iliotib'ial. Relating to the iliirai and the tibia, i, it has completed all its metamorphoses through
band, a wide, thick, fascial layer stretching from the egg, larva, and pupa.
the iliac crest to the capsule of the knee-joint and imbal'ance [L. «"«- neg. -f- bilanx, balance.] Lack
the outer tuberosity of the tibia. of equality in power between opposing forces,
iliotrochanteric (il'1-o-tro-kan-ter'ik). Relating to noting specifically this lack in the ocular muscles,
the ilium and the great trochanter of the femur. giving rise to strabismus or heterophoria. auto-
i. lig'ament, a thickening of the capsule of the hip- nom'ic 1., autonomic ataxia, a lack of coordina-
joint in the shape of a band extending from the tion between the sympathetic and parasympa-
anterior part of the dorsum of the acetabulum to thetic (autonomic) nervous systems, especially
the neck of the ffemur near the anterior end of the in relation to the vasomotor phenomena, sym-
inner surface of the great trochanter. pathet'ic i,, vagotonia, vasomo'tor i,, auto-
il'ium [L. flank.] i. The flank. 2. Os ilium or nomic i.

flank-bone. imbecile (im'be-sil) [L. imbecillus, weak, silly.] i.

llkley Wells and Ben Rhydding, England. Alkaline- Mentally deficient. 2. One who is congenitally
saline-chalybeate-oarbonated waters. Used by weak-minded, yet not wholly incapable of educa-
drinking in gout and rheumatism. The climate tion; a mental defective not advancing beyond
is bracing. the Binet* age of 7 years; see idiot and moron.
ill. Sick, unwell. moral 1,, amoralis, a person with pronounced
iUaqueation (il"a-kwe-a'shun) [L. illaqueare, to mental defect who has strong vicious or criminal
ensnare.] Pulling away an inverted eyelash by propensities little or not at all affected by pun-
passing a loop of thread behind it. ishinent.
IMBECILITY 487 IMPERFORATE

imbecil'ity. Weak-mindedness. organisms producing it continue in the body, as in

imbed'. To surround by firm material, such as wax the case of bacilli carriers.
or paraffin noting the treatment of an histologi-
;
immu'nity [L. immunitas.] A
state, natural or
cal or pathological specimen preparatory to mak- acquired, in which the body is resistant to disease.
ing sections of it for microscopical examination. acquired' i., i. obtained by an individual in conse-
imbibition (im"bl-bish'tm) [L. imbibere, to drink in. ] quence of having suffered an attack of a patho-
The absorption of fluid by a solid body without genic organism of normal or modified virulence,
resultant chemical change in either. or of its toxin, and having overcome it (aciivei.),
imbricate, imbricated (im'bri-kat, im'bri-ka-ted) or as a result of the injection of the serum of an
Overlapping animal which has acquired an active immunity
[L. imbricare, to cover with tiles.]
against the organism in question (passive i.);
like shingles.
mixed i. is a succession of passive and active i.
imbrica'tion. The operative overlapping of layers
obtained by sero vaccination.* ac'tive i., see
of tissue in the closure of wounds or the repair of
acquired i. ac'tual i., active i. lo'cal i., a,
defects.
natural or acquired i. of certain regions, organs,
imide (im'id). A chemical compound derived
or tissues, as of the muscles against tuberculosis.
from a dicarboxyUc, acid by the substitution mixed i., see acquired i. nat'ural i., i. possessed
of NH for 2OH, or one in which two hydrogen
by all the individuals of a class, by reason of age,
atoms of the ammonia molecule are replaced racial peculiarity, or other general characteristic.
by a divalent acid radicle. pas'sive !., see acquired i. rel'ative i., an i. which
imido-. Aprefix denoting a compound containing may be due to a reduction of avidity of the body-
the bivalent atom group (NH). cells for the specific poison, or to a deviation or
Imlach's plug (imlak) [Francis Im-lach, Scotch loss of complement in the blood.
physician, nineteenth century.] A
lump of fatty immuniza'tion. The process of rendering immune.
tissue at the inner side of the external abdominal active i., the production of active immunity.*
ring. passive i., the production of passive immunity.*
immature (im-a-tur') [L. i»- neg. + maturus, ripe.] immunochemistiy '(im-mu"no-kem'is-trI). The
Not ftilly developed. chemistry of immunization; the chemical reac-
imme'diate. Direct, acting from caiise to effect tions following th6 injection of foreign substances,
without any intervening steps in the process. such as proteins and ferments, into the blood. '

immedicable (im-med'i-ka-bl) [L. in- neg. + med- immunol'ogy. The science which has to do with
icabilis, curable.] Incurable, beyond the reach the phenomena of immunity.
of remedies. immunoprotein (im-u-no-pro'te-in). i. Immuno-
immer'sion [L. immergere, to dip in.] i. The placing toxin. 2. A
bacteriolytic protein formed by
of a body under water or other liquid. 2. Speci- the injection of attenuated bacterial cultures.
fically, in microscopy, the use of an immersion- immunotox'in. Antitoxin.
lens, homoge'neous i., the use of a fluid having immunotransfusion (im-mu-no-trans-fu'zhun).
the same refractive power as the immersion-lens. Indirect transfusion, in which the donor's
oil i., water i., see immersion-system. blood is immunized in vitro by an autogenous
immer'sion-lens. The objective of a microscope, vaccine from the patient, and then the serum
"which is separated from the object-glass by a separated from this immunized blood is trans-
thin layer of liquid, either oil or water. fused.
inuner'sion-sys'tem. The employment in micros- Impact' [L. impactus; impingere, to strike on.] To
copy of a layer of liquid, either oil or water, press closely together so as to render im-
between the object lens and the object to be movable.
examined, thereby correcting the dispersion and im'pact. The forcible striking of one body against
increasing the working distance. another.
immiscible (im-mis^-bl). Incapable of mixing, as impac'ted. Pressed closely together so as to be
'

oil and water, for example. immovable, noting a fracture in which the jagged
immobil'ity. . Chronic hydrocephalus in cattle. ends of the broken bone are wedged together.
immo'bilize [L. in- neg. H- mobilis, movable.] To impac'tion. The process or condition of being
render fixed or incapable of moving. impacted, dental i., confinement of a tooth in
immobjliza'tion. The act of making immovable. the alveolus and prevention of its eruption.
Immune (im-miin') [L. immunis, free from service.] impal'udism [L. in, in, + falus, a marsh.] Palu-
I. Free from the possibility of infection. :;. One dism.
who is exempt from an'inf ectious disease by reason im'par [L.] Unpaired, azygous.
either of having already had the disease or of being imparidigitate (im-par-I-dij'I-tat) [L. impar, unequal,
protected by an inoculation of the virus in minute + digitus, finger.] Having an unequal number
dose or attenuated form. 1. bod'y, a specific of fingers or toes, as man ;
perissodactylous.
antibody which combines with the bacterium or imparipinn'ate impar, unequal, -^ pinnaius,
[L.
animal cell acting as antigen rendering it amena- feathered-] In botany, noting a compound pin-
ble to the lytic action of alexin or complement; nate leaf, tipped with a single leaflet.
amboceptor,* intermediary body, desmon, copula, imper'ative [L. imperare, to command.] Obliga-
preparator, substance sensibilatrice, fixator, philo- tory, involuntary, not controllable by the will.
cytase, interbody, immunlsiru i. sys'tem, a i. con'cept, an idea or thought, usually of doubt

combination of antigen or cells with amboceptor or fear, which dominates one and governs his
and complement. actions.
immunifa'cient [L. immunis, exempt, + faciens, imperato'ria.Oreoselinum.
making.] Making immune, said of a semelinci- imperception (im-pur-sep'shun) [L. in-, not, -f-
dent disease or of a prophylactic serum or vaccine. percipere, to perceive ] Inability to form a men-
.

Immu'nisin. Immune* body, amboceptor. tal picture of an object by combining the sensa-
immu'nitas [L.] Immunity. i. non sterili'sans, a tions arising therefrom; lack of perception.
condition in which there is immunity, natural or imper'forate [L. im- neg. + per, through, -f- forus, a
acquired, against a certain toxin although the gangway.] Without an opening, closed.
 IMPERIAL DRINK 488 IN ARTICULO MORTIS

impe'rial drink. Potus imperialis. kidney, i. suprarena'lis [BNA], a hollow on the

imper'meable im- neg. + permeare, to pass
[L. under surface of the right lobe of the 'i'^^r,
through.] Impenetrable, impervious to fluids. adjoining the fossa venae cavae, in which lies the
imper'Tious [L. im- neg. + per, through, + via, right suprarenal body. i. trigem'ini [BNA],
way.] Impenetrable, impassable. trigeminal impression, a depression on the anterior
impetiginization (im-pe-tij"in-i-za'shun). The surface of the petrous portion of the temporal
occurrence of impetigo lesions upon an area of bone, near the apex, lodging the semilunar
some preexisting dermatosis. (Gasserian) ganglion of the trigeminal nerve.
impetiginous (im-pe-tij'in-us). Relating to impe- impres'sion [L. impressio; imprimere, to press in.]
tigo. 1. Amark seemingly made by pressure of one
impetigo (im-pe-ti'go) [L. impetere, to attack.] An structure or organ upon another; see impressio.
eruption of pustules, which soon rupture or be- 2. An produced upon the mind by some
effect
come crusted, occurring chiefly on the face around external object acting through the organs of
the mouth and nostrils, caused by infection with sense. 3 An imprint of the jaw, teeth (if present),
.

pus microorganisms; it is variously qualified as and roof of the mouth, made in wax or other
simplex, contagiosa, vulgaris, sireptogenes, staphylo- plastic material, used as a mould for a plaster
genes, or, according to the shape of the patches cast of the mouth, dig'itate i., one of the depres-
caused by grouping of the lesions, circinata, sions on the upper surface of the orbital plates of
gyrata, or figurata. Bock'hart's i., a form involv- the frontal bone, in the anterior cranial fossa,
ing chiefly the hair-follicles, i. bullo'sa. i. with alternating with elevations, the juga cerebralia.
lesions of large size, forming bulls, i. contagio'sa, mater'nal i., a strong emotion or shock, experi-
an eruption of flattish vesicles becoming pustules, enced by a pregnant woman, supposed to be the
contagious in character, i. contagio'sa bullo'sa, cause of a malformation or surface marking of the
Corlett's* pyosis. i. eczemato'des, eczema fetus; also this lesion or malformation supposed
pustulosum. i. herpetifor'mis,' an eruption of to result from the mental impression of the
small, closely aggregated pustules, developing mother.
upon an inflammatory base, accompanied by impres'sion-cup, impres'sion-tray. A
receptacle for
severe general symptoms, and terminating fatally I holding the wax or other material used in taking
as a rule. i. prima'rum via'rum, sprue (2). i. an impression of the mouth parts.
syphilit'ica, a. pustular syphilide. i. variolo'sa, im'pulse [L. impellere, to push on.] i. sudden A
a pustular eruption sometimes seen late in the pushing or driving force, i. A
sudden, often
course of the smallpox exanthem. unreasoning, determination to perform some act.
implant' [L. im-, in, -t- plantare, to plant.] To mor'bid i., one which drives a person to commit
graft, to insert. some act, notwithstanding his efforts to restrain
implanta'tion. The insertion of a natural tooth himself.
into an artificially constructed alveolus. Impul'sive. Relating to or actuated by an impulse,
impon'derable [L. irru- neg. -I- pondus, weight.] rather than controlled by reason, i. act, one
Very light, having little or no weight. which is done consciously, but under the influence
im'potence, im'potency [L. im- neg. + potentia, of a morbid impulse which one is unable to resist.
power.} "Weakness, lack of power; specifically, In. Chemical symbol of indium.
lack of power, in the male, to copulate. in- [L.] I. A
prefix conveying a sense of negation;
impotentia (im-po-ten'shi-ah). Impotence. i. tm-, not. 2- A
prefix denoting in, within, inside.
coeun'di, inability of the male to perform the 3. A prefix denoting an intensive action. 4. TG.
sexual act. i. erigen'di, impotence due to is (in-), fiber.] A
prefix denoting fibrous tissue
absence of the power of eraation. or fibrin.
impreg'nate [L. im-, in, +
prcsgnans, with child.] inac'tion. Inactivity, rest; lack of response to a
I. To fecundate, to cause to conceive. 2. To stimulus.
saturate, to permeate with another substance. inactivate (in-ak'ti-vat). To render inactive,
impregna'tion. i. Fecundation, the act of making said of a serum when its contained complement
pregnant. 2. Saturation. is being destroyed.
impres'sio [L] Impression; a mark seemingly inactiva'tion. Rendering inactive or inert, noting,
made by pressure of one body on another, i. for example, the loss of activity of serum contain-
cardi'aca [BNA], a depression on the superior ing both ambocepter and complement when it
area of the parietal surface of the liver corre- is heated to about 55° C. (131° F.) for half an hour.
sponding to the position of the heart, i. col'ica inactose (in-ak'toz). A sugar having no polariz-
[BNA], a hollow on the under surface of the ing action in either direction; it is found in certain
right lobe of the liver anteriorly, corresponding plants.
to the situation of the hepatic flexure and inadequacy (in-ad'e-kwa-sl) [L. in- neg. + adcBquare,
beginning of the transverse colon, i. deltoid'ea, to be equal.] Insufficiency, the condition of
tuberositas* deltoidea. i. digita'ta[BNA], digi- being unequal to the performance of the work
tate impression.* i. duodena'lis [BNA], a demanded; incompetence, hepatic i., renal i.,
hollow on the under surface of the right lobe of valvular i., etc., see under insufficiency.
the liver alongside the gall-bladder, marking the inalimen'tal. Innutritious, unfit for food.
situation of the duodenum, i. gas'trica [BNA], inan'imate. ±. Not animate, not alive. 2. Dull,
a hollow on the under surface of the left lobe of lifeless.
the liver corresponding to the location of the inanition (in-an-ish'un) [L. inanis, empty.] Ex-
stomach, i. oesophage'a [BNA], esophageal haustion from lack of food or defect in assimila-
groove, the marking of the esophagus on the tion.
!
back part of the left lobe of the liver, i, petro'sa inapp'etence [L. in- neg. -I- appetere, to long for.]
pall'ii [BNA], a shallow impression on the infe- Lack of desire or of craving.
rior surface of the cerebral hemisphere made by inartic'ulate. Not in the form of intelligible speech,
the superior angle of the pyramid, i. rena'lis not articulate; speechless.
[BNA], a hollow on the under surface of the in artic'ulo mor'tis [L. articulus, moment; mors,
right lobe of the liver, in which lies the right death.] At the moment of death.
INASSIMILABLE 489 INCISURA

[nassim'ilable. Not assimilable, not capable of i. costa'Hs [BNA], one of the notches or facets on the
being appropriated for the nutrition of the lateral edge of the sternum for articulation with a rib.
body. i. ethmoida'lis [BNA], ethmoidal notch, an oblong
tnax'on [G. is{in~), fiber, +
axon, axis.] An axis- space between the orbital parts of the frontal bone in
cylinder process which gives off no dendrites for which the ethmoid bone is lodged.
i. fibula'ris [BNA], fibular notch, a hollow on the outer
a long distance after leaving the neuron.
surface of the lower end of the tibia, in which the lower
tn'bom. Innate, implanted during development in
end of the fibtda rests.
utero, referring to certain anomalies of develop-
I . fronta'lis [BNA], frontal notch; (i) a small notch
ment, mental traits, or constitutional peculiarities-, on the orbital margin of the frontal bone, to the inner
distinguished from congenital, side of the supraorbital notch; (2) nasal notch (i).
Lxini)reeding. Breeding from animals of the same i. interarytEBnoid'ea[BNA], the posterior portion of
parentage or of the same near ancestry. the aditus laryngis between the two arytenoid car-
Incandescent (in-kan-des'ent) [L. incandescere, to tilages.
begin to glow.] White hot. i. intertrag'ica [BNA], intertragic notch, the deep
incarcerated (in-kar'sur-a-ted) [L. in, in, +
career, notch at the lower part of the auricle between the
jail. ] Confined, imprisoned, noting, for ex- tragus and the antitragus.
ample, an irreducible hernia. i. Ischiad'ica ma'jor [BNA], great sciatic notch,
incarcera'tion. Imprisonment, confinement. iliosciatic notch, a deep indentation on the posterior
border of the innominate bone at the point of union of
inca'rial bone. Os incse.
the ilium and ischium.
incar'nant [L. incarnare, to make flesh.] Promoting
i. ischiad'ica mi'nor [BNA], lesser sciatic notch, sac-
or accelerating the granulation of a wound. rosciatic notch; an indentation on the posteriot border
incar'native. Incamant. of the ischium just below the sciatic spine.
in'cident [L. incidere, to fall into, to meet with.] 1. i. jugula'ris [BNA], (i) a deep notch in front of the
Occurring, happening with. 2. Falling or im- jugular process of the occipital bone, forming part of
pinging upon. 3. Going toward, afferent. the foramen lacerum posterius; (2) the notch on the
inciden'tal. i. Of the nature of an incident or upper border of the sternum between the clavicular
happening, not occurring regularly. 2. Afferent. notches, prestemal notch.
i. lacrima'lis [BNA], lacrymal notch, the notch on
i. color, a color the impression of which remains
the internal margin of the orbital surface of the max-
fixed on the retina after the object causing it is
illa which receives the lacrymal bone.
no longer present. 1. image, an image the impres- i. mandib'ulse [BNAJ, sigmoid notch; a deep notch
sion of which remains on the retina after the on the upper edge of the ramus of the mandible
object has been removed. between the condyle and the coronoid process.
inclnera'tion [L. incinerare, to bum to ashes.] i. mastold'ea [BNA], mastoid notch, digastric fossa

Cremation, complete destruction of all organic or groove.

i. nasalis (i) [BNA] nasal notch, the large defect in
matter by fire,
the anterior border of the maxilla which, with its
Incip'ient [L. incipere, to begin.]Just beginning. fellow, forms the apertura pyriformis or anterior open-
incisal (in-si'zal) [L. incidere, to cut into.]
Relat- ing of the nasal fossae; (2) nasal border, margo nasalis
ing to the cutting edges of the incisor and cuspid [BNA], the articular surface between the two internal
teeth. angular processes of the frontal bone, which articulates
incise' \L, incidere^ to cut into.] To cut with a with the nasal and superior maxillary bones.
knife. i. pancre'atis [BNA], a notch separating the left half

incision (in-sizh'un), A
cut, a division of the soft of the head of the pancreas from the neck.
i. parietalis [BNA], parietal notch, an angle between
parts made a knife.
vnth.
the squamous and mastoid portions of the temporal
inci'sive. i. Cutting, having the power to cut. a.
bone.
Relating to the incisor teeth. i. radia'lis [BNA], radial notch, lesser or small
inci'sor [L. incidere, to cut into.] One of the cut- sigmoid cavity of the ulna; a concavity on the outer
ting teeth, or incisor teeth, four in niimber in each side of the coronoid process, articulating with the rim
jaw at the apex of the dental arch. of the head of the radius.
i. Rivi'ni, notch of Rivinus, i. tympanica.
incisu'ra[L. a cutting into.] i. Incision, a. Notch.
i. Santori'ni, incisura cartUaginis meatus acustict
1. acetaVuli [BNA], acetabular notch, cotyloid extemi.
notch; a gap at the lower part of the margin of the i. scap'ulfle [BNA], scapular or suprascapular notch, a

acetabulum opposite the obturator foramen. notch, occasionally a foramen, on the upper border of
i. ante'riof au'ris, anterior notch of the ear, a notch the scapula, transmitting the suprascapular nerve.
between the tuberculum supratragicum and the spina i. sexniluna'ris [BNA], semilunar notch, greater
helicis. sigmoid cavity; a large semicircular notch at the upper
1. ap'icis cor'dis [BNA], an angular notch in the extremity of the ulna, formed by the olecranon and
lower part of the anterior border of the left lung. coronoid processes, which articulates with the trochlea
I. cardi'aca [BNA], the cardiac notch on the ante- of the humerus.
rior border of the lower part of the upper lobe of the i. sphenopalati'na [BNA], sphenopalatine notch, a
left lung, giving space for the pericardium. deep notch between the orbital and sphenoidal proc-
i. cartilag'inis mea'tus acus'tici exter'ni fB N A], esses of the palate bone, which is converted into the
notch in the cartilage of the external acoustic meatus. foramen of the same name by the under surface of
i. Santorini, one of (usually) two vertical fissures in the sphenoid.
the anterior portion of the cartilage of the external i . Bupraorbita'lis [B N A], supraorbital notch ; a
auditory meatus, filled by fibrous tissue. groove in the orbital margin of the frontal bone,
i. cereberii ante'rior [BNA], anterior notch of the about the junction of the inner and middle thirds,
cerebellum, semilunar notch, a wide, shallow notch on through which pass the supraorbital nerve and artery.
the anterior surface of the cerebellum occupied by the i. tento'rii [BNA], notch of the tentorium. Pacchion-

brachia conjunctiva and the inferior quadrigeminal ian foramen, a notch on the anterior border of the
bodies. tentorium in which lie the pons and the quadrigeminal
1. cereberii poste'rior [BNA], posterior notch of the plate of the cerebrum.
cerebellum, marsupial notch, a narrow notch between . termina'lis au'ris [BNA], terminal notch of the
the cerebellar hemispheres posteriorly, occupied by auricle, a deep notch separating the lamina tragica and
the fabc cerebelli. cartilage of the external auditory meatus from the main
i. clavicula'ris[BNA], the clavicular notch or facet, a auricular cartilage, the two being connected below by
hollow at either side of the upper surface of the the isthmus.
manubrium sterni articulating with the clavicle. i. thyreold'ea infe'rior [BNA], a shallow notch at
 ;

INCISURA 490 INCUS

the lower part of the anterior border of the thyroid incompress'ible. Incapable of being compressed ,

cartilage. , into smaller bulk.

i,thyreoid'ea supe'rior [BNA], a deep notch in the incon'tinence [L. in- neg. +coniinere. to contain, to
upper portion of the anterior border of the thyroid stop.] I. Inability to prevent the discharge of
'

cartilage.
i. trag'ica, i. intertragica. any of the excretions, especially of urine or feces.
i. tympan'ica [BNA], tympanic notch, i. Rivini, the
2. Lack of restraint of the appetites, especially of

defect in the upper portion of the long tympanic ring, the sexual appetite, active i., a discharge of
between the greater and lesser tympanic spines; it is urine or feces in the normal way at intervals, but
filled in by Shrapnell's membrane. involuntarily, i. of milk, galactorrhea, i. of
i. ulnaVis [BNA], ulnar notch, sigmoid cavity of the
urine, enuresis, passive i., dribbling of urine by
radius, a concave surface on the inner side of the lower
reason of inability of the bladder to empty itself
extremity of the radius articulating with the head of
the ulna. and of consequent overdistention.
i. umbilica'lis [BNA], umbilical notch, a notch in
incoordination (in-ko-or-di-na'shun). of Lack
the lower border of the liver, corresponding to the coordination, or of harmonious working together
ower attachment of the falciform ligament and noting of the various muscles concerned in the execution
the beginning of the fossa vense umbilicalis. of more or less complicated movements.
i. vertebra'lis [BNA], vertebral or intervertebral incor'porate [L. in, into, -I- corpus, body.] To
notch, one of the four concavities above (i.v. superior or
combine two or more substances into a homo-
minor) and below (i.v. inferior or major) the root of
the pedicle of the vertebra on either side; the notches of geneous mass.
the two adjacent vertebrge form a foramen through incorpora'tion [L. in, into, + corpus, body.] The
which pass the spinal nerve-roots. act of incorporating or the condition of being
incorporated.
incisure (in-si'zhur) [L. incisura.] An incision or in'crement [L. incremenium; increscere, to increase.]
notch; see incisura. 1. The act of increasing. 2. An increase, an
inclina'tion. In dentistry the deviation of the long addition.
axis of a tooth from the perpendicular. incrusta'tibn [L. in, on, +
crusta, crust.] i. The .

inclinom'eter [L. incUnere, to incline, +

G. metron, formation of a crust or a scab. 2. coating of A
measure.] An instrument for determining the some adventitious material or an exudate; a
direction of the ocular axes. scab
inclu'sion [L. inclusus; includere, to inclose.] i. incubation (in-ku-ba'shun) [L. incubare, to lie in or
Any foreign or heterogenous substance contained on.] i. The keeping of bacterial or protozoan
in a cell or in any tissue or organ, not introduced ;
cultures in an incubator to favor their develop-
as a result of trauma, a. The process by which ment, The maintenance of a premature or/
-ji.

a foreign or heterogenous structure is misplaced marantic infant in a couveuse. 3. The develop-

in another tissue, cell i., a foreign body of sub- ment of an infectious disease from the period of
stance contained within a cell, fe'tal i., a twin j
infection to that of the appearance of the first,
monstrosity in which the incompletely devel- symptoms. 4. The passing of the night in a ,

oped parasite is wholly inclosed within the 1 temple, church, ,shrine, etq., as a, means of
,

autosite. i, blennorrhe'a, ophthalmia neona- obtaining a ctire of disease, pe'riod or stage of i.,
torum caused by the presence of Chlamydozoa..* j
the latent or silent stage of an inf ectipus disease
i. bod'y, nucleoid. j
intervening between the moment of infection and
incoercible (in-ko-ur'sl-bl) [L. in- neg. +
coercer'e} to ! the appearance of the prodromal symptoms. i

restrain.] Impossible to control, to restrain, or [In'cubator. i. A cabinet in, which a uniform tem-

to stop.' j)erature of any desired degree can be maintainedi,

. ;.

incohe'rent [L. in- neg. +

cohcerere, to stick together.] ' used for keeping bacterial cultures. 2. A box-
Not coherent, disjointed, confused, like construction with glass sides, with a ventilat- ;

.incompatible [L. in- neg. +

con-, with, +
pati; to ;
ing apparatus for the supply of an abimdance of
Not capable of being mixed without
suffer.] pure air at body temperature, designed for the
undergoing destructive chemical change or acting protection of prematurely bom infants.
antagonistically, said of thfe elements in a wrongly •
in'cubus [L. incubare, to sit or lie upon.] Nightmare.
constructed pharmaceutical mixture. in'cudal. Relating to the incus, i. fold, a fold of
incompatibil'liy. The quality of being incompatible. mucous membrane 'in the tympanum passing
chem'ical i., a form in which the substances, from the long limb of the incijs to the posterior
when mixed, combine to form a new chemical wall of the. cavity. i. fossa, a shallow groove in
,

compound, physiolog'ical i., a form in which the ,

the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity in
substances in the mixture exert opposing' physio- which the short limb of the incus is fastened.
therapeu'tic i., physiological i.
logical actions, incudec'tomy [L. incus, anvil, + G. ektome, excis-
iiicompensa'tion. Lack
of compensation. ion.] Removal of the incus of the tympanum.
incom'petence, Incom'petency [L, in- neg. com- + incudiform (in'ku-dl-form) [L. incus (incud-), anvil,
petere, to suit.] InsufKciency, inadequacy, the + forma, form.] Shaped like an anvil,
quality of being incompetent of incapable incu'dius. Laxator tympani.
of performing the task allotted. mus'cular incu"domaU'eal. Relating to the incus and the
•
i., imperfect closure of an anatomically normal malleus, noting the articulation between the
'
cardiac valve, in consequence of defective action anvil and the hammer in the tympanum.
of the papillary muscles, pylor'lc i., a patulous incu"dostape'dial. Relating td the incus and the
state or want of tone of the pylorus which allows, stapes, noting the articulation between the anvil
of the passage of food into the intestine before and the stirrup in the tympanum.
gastric digestion is completed, rel'atlve i., imper- Incurable (in-ku'ra-bl). Not curable, immedicable.
fect closure of a cardiac valve, in consequence of incurva'tion. An inward curvature; a bending
excessive dilatation of the corresponding cavity inward.
of the heart, val'vular i., a leaky state of one or In'cus, gen. incu'dis [L.] Anvil, the middle of the
more of the cardiac valves, the valve not closing three ossicles in the tympanum, comparable in
tightly and blood therefore regurgitating when shape to a bicuspid tooth; it has a body {corpus
the chamber contracts. incudis) and two limbs or processes {cms longum
 —= • .
.,

INCUS 491 INDICATIO

and cms breve) ; at the tip of the long limb is a lower border of the nasal aperture, the former being
small knob, processus lenticularis, which articu-
lates with the head of the stapes.
, ,
regarded as loo: =
nasal height
•
—tt —^—rz—
nasal width xroo

bpson'ic see opsonic.

i,p
indagation (in-da-ga'shun) [L., indagare, to search.]
or'bital i., relation of the height of the orbit to its
An examination or investigation ; specifically, the orbital height xioo
determination of the condition of the genital parts width =
orbital width
at the termination of the puerperium preliminary pal'atal or pal'atine i., palatomaxillary i.
to the discharge of the patient. pal'''atoma3c'illary i., relation of the palatomaxillary
indehiscent (in-de-his'ent). In botany, noting a width, measured between the outer borders of the
fruit or seed-pod which does not split open natur- alveolar arch just above the middle of the second
ally to discharge the seeds. molar tooth, and the palatomaxillary length, measured
indenization (in-den-i-za'shim) [in -f denizen.] In- rom the alveolar point to the middle of a transverse
line touching the posterior borders of the two maxiUee =
nidiation.
indenta'tion. j.. The act of notching or pitting, j.
palatomaxillary width xioo
^—r rn —z
palatomaxillary length
.^
— ^ ^,
it notes the varying
1 ;

A notch. 3. A state of being notched. forms of the dentary arcade and palate.
in'dex, gen. in'dicis, pi. in'dices [L. an indicator.] i. phagocytic i., see phagocytic.
The second finger (the thumb being counted as pel'vic i., the ratio of the conjugate to the transverse
the first), forefinger, or pointing finger. 3. A diameter of the pelvis.
number denoting the relation, in respect of size, refrac'tive 1,, the ratio of refractive power of any
capacity, or function, of one part or thing to ,
medium to that of the air, the latter being taken as
unity, or i.
another, the latter being usually taken as i or
ea'cral i., a ratio obtained by multiplying the
100. 3. A
list of subjects, with page references, j

'
breadth of the sacrum by loo and dividing by the
treated of in a book. length.
thorac'ic i.f the ratio of the anteroposterior to the

alve'olar i., gnathic i.; basilar i. transverse diameter of the thorax.

antitryp'tic i., see antitryptic. \
tibiofem'oral i., the ratio of the length of the tibia
auric'ular i., relation of the width to the height of i
to that of the femur.
width of pinna xioo Tcr'tical 1., the relation of the height to the length of
the aunde or pinna, or -r t
length of pinna
—
. j
— -.

the skull, the latter being represented by i oo =

bas'ilar i., ratio between the basialveolar line and height XIOO
the maximum length of the cranium, according to the length ' ,

basialveolar line xioo vol'ume i., the relation between the number and
fP^"l^ -; alveolar i.
the volume of the red cells.
.length of.cranium [

I., see under BelVs * method.

cal'cium .
zygomat^'icoauric'ular i., the ratio between the
i.^ the .ratio of the maximum breadth to the
cephal'ic zygomatic and the auricular diameters of the skull.
.,^lax,unum length pf the skull, obtained by the formula
breadth, xioo In'dian hemp. Cannabis indica. I. meth'od, (i)
length a method of extraction of a cataract in the cap-
cephalo-or'bital l.» the ratio of the cubic content of sule by expression, devised by Lt. Col. Henry
the two orbits to that of the cranial cavity multiplied
Smith of Jelltmdur, Punjab, India; (2) rhino-
by 100.
cer' ebral i., an i. obtained by the same formula as the
plasty by means of <± skin flap taken from the-
cephalic i., the measurements being taken between the forehead. I. sick'ness, epidemic gangrenous
inner surfaces of the cranium. proctitis. I, tobac'co, lobelia.
col'or i., a figure indicating the amount of hemoglobin In'dian Min'eral Springs, Texas. Saline waters.
per erythrocyte; blood quotient. Used in drinking in various conditions of debility.
den'tal i., relation of the dental length (distance The entire year.
from the anterior surface of the first premolar to the Saline-carbonated waters.
1 1n'dian Springs, Georgia,
posterior surface of the third molar) to the basinasial
„ V dental length xioo Used by drinking in certain dropsical affections
. ,
(basion to nasion) length
. , X,
= basinasial length
" and ill diseases of the urinary apparatus.
empath^ici.t see empathic. In'dian Springs, Indiana. Alkaline-saline-chalyb-
endem'ic i., the percentage of children infected with eate-carbonated-sulphureted waters. Used by
malaria or other endemic disease, in any given locality. drinkinig in various disorders.
fascial i., reUtion of the length of the face to its max- Indiaji'a Mia'eral Springs and Mud Baths, Indiana.
imum width between the ih'alar prominences; to get Watei s contain salts of magnesium, sodium,
the superior facial i. the length is measured frdm the
,
lithium, calcium, potassium, silicon sulphuric, ,

nasion or ophryon to the alveolar point

.hydrochloric, and carbonic acids. Used by
-^ i—
ophryo-alveolar
r-.
(nasialveolar) length xioo ,
7: rrrr
bizygomatic width
^^
;
.;
for the '
drinking and bathing in gout, rheumatism, hemi-
total facial i.,the mandible is included in the length, plegia, eczema, renal and bladder affections.
measured from the nasion or ophryon to the mental in'dia-nibb'er. Caoutchouc.
. ophryomental
tubercle, = -^
. ,
—
r-.
(nasimental) length xioo
r-
bizygomatic
.j.,
width.
— "^^
.
in'dican. i. The mother substance of indigo-blue,

a yellowish or colorless syrupy glucoside, CjgHsi-,

gnath'ic i., relation between the basialveolar (basion ^
NO17. 2. Indoxyl siilphate, C,H(,NSOaOH, a
'

to alveolar point) and basinasial (basion to nasion) '

substance found in ,the sweat and in variable
lengths, the latter being taken as ioo =
amotmt in the urine.
basialveolar length xioo ,
the result indicates the indicanidrosis ,(in"dI-kan-i-dro'sis) [G. hidroSf sweat.J
basinasal length '
',
Excretion of indican in the sweat.
degree of projection of the upper jaw; alveolar i.
in'dicant [L. indicare, to point out.] i. Pointing
height-length i., vertical i, :

hemore'nal salt i., the, ratio of the quantity of inor- !

out, indicating. 2. An indication; especially a,

ganic salts in the urine to that of the inorganic salts in symptom indicating the proper line of treat-
the blood; a figure obtained by dividing the electrical ment.
resistance of the blood by that of the urine; it varies indicanuria (in"di-kan-u'rif-ah). The presence in the
from 3 to s in health. ( urine of an excess of indican, derived from indole
length-breadth i., cephalic x.
produced in protein putrefaction in the intestine
length-height i., vertical i.
na'sal i., relation* of the greatest width of the nasal
and in putrefactive changes elsewhere.
aperture to the length of a line from the nasion to the indica'tio [L.] Indication, i. causa'lis, causal
 ;

INDICATIO 492 INEMIA, IN/EMIA

indication, one afforded by a knowledge of the in'dolent [L. in- neg. -h dolere, to feel pain.]
Inac-
«cause of the disease, i. mor'bi, disease indication, tive, sluggish; painless or nearly so.
specific indication, that afforded by the diagnosis, indologenous (in-dol-oj'en-us) [indol +
G. gennad, I
as the indication for the administration of quinine produce.] Producing or causing the production
furnished by the diagnosis of malaria, i. symp- of indol.
tomat'ica, symptomatic indication, that furnished indox'yl. An oily liquid, C.HjNO, found sometimes
in the urine in apparent health, i. sul'phate,
by the symptoms of the disease.
indica'tion [L. indicaiio; indicate, to point out.] A indican.
suggestion or pointer as to the proper treatment Indozyluria (in-doks-il-u'ri-ah). The excretion of
of a disease it may be furnished by a knowledge
; indoxyl. especially indoxyl sulphate, in the lU'ine
of the caiise (causal i.), by the symptoms present indioanuria.
.(symptomatic i.), or by the nature of the disease induce (in-diis') [L. inducere, to lead in.] i. To

(specific i.) see indicatio.

;
produce, to cause. 2. To produce by electric or

in'dicator [L. indicate, to show.] In chemical anal- magnetic induction, induced' cur'rent, faradic*
ysis a substance which renders visible the comple- current.
tion of a reaction the color change in litmus, for
; induction (in-duk'shun). i. Production or causa-
example, denotes the formation of an acid or alkali tion, The production of an electric current
a.
or the neutralization of a solution, com'plex i,, or magnet in ,a body by electricity or magnetism
in psychoanalysis, anything or any occurrence in another body in close proximity to it. 3. A
that reveals the working of a complex. 1. modification imposed upon the offspring by the
muscle, musculus* extensor indicis proprius. action of environment on the germ cells of one
indicophose (in'di(-ko-foz) [G. indikon, indigo, -|- or both parents. 4. Therapeutic suggestion,*
phos, light.] A
phose of blue color. neuroinduction. i. coil, an apparatus for the
Indiella (in-di-el'lah) . A
genus of fungi, secreting induction of secondary electrical current; it
-a.

no pigment, several species of which are causa- consists of a coil of comparatively few turns of
tive of a non- pigmented form of mycetoma, the copper wire, outside of which is (insulated
so-called white mycetoma; the several species from it) a coil of many turns of a very fine wire;
are I. man'soni, I. rey'nieri, and /. somalien'sis, through the inner coil is passed an interrupted
indifi'erent [L. in- neg. + dijferre, to differ.] 1. current and every time the current opens or
Tending in neither direction, having no particular closes an induction current is generated in the
affinity, neutral. 2. Undifferentiated, i. cells, outer coil.
i. tissue, undifferentiated, non-specialized, embry- in'dulln. A coal-tar dye used as a stain in histology
onic cells or tissue. and bacteriology.
indigenous (in-dij'en-us) [L. indigenus, bom in.] indulinophil, indulinophile (in-du-lin'o-fil, in-du-
Native, natural to the country where found. lin'o-fil) [indulin +
G. philos, fond.] Taking an
indiges'tible. Not digestible. indulin stain readily.
indigestion (in-di-jes'chun) [L. in- neg.] Failure of in'durated [L. in- intensive -t- durus, hard.] Hard-
proper elaboration of the food in the alimentary ened.
tract. as'tric 1., dyspepsia. indura'tion. 1. The process or act of h'rdening.
Indigitation (in-dij-i-ta'shun) [L. in, in, + digitus, 2 A spot or area of hardened tissue, brown i.,
finger.] i. The mode
of union of tendon or proliferation of the fibrous tissue of the lungs,
aponeurosis with muscle by the mutual interlock- with increased pigmentation, in certain cases of
ing of fibers. 2. Invagination.
<
3. Intussus- valvular disease of the heart, cyanot'ic i.,
ception. hardening of an organ due to chronic venous
in'digo [G. indikon, Indian.] blue dye-stuff A congestion with fibrous thickening of the venous
obtained from Indigofera tinctoria, and other walls, fi'broid i., cirrhosis, gran'ular i., cirrho-
species of /.; was formerly employed in the treat- sis, gray i., non-pigmented hardening of the
ment of nervous and menstrual disorders in doses lung after pnexmionia. Uun'inate i., a very thin
of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1 .0). i. car'mine, sodium indi- sheet of round-cell infiltration of the corium
gotindisulphonate (U.S.), employed as a test for forming the basis of a chancre, parch'ment i.,
sugar in the urine and as a stain in microscopy. the same as laminate i., but somewhat thicker.
Indigouria, indiguria (in'di-go-u'ri-ah, in-dl-gu'ri- red i., congestion of the lungs.
ah). The presence of indigo in the urine. In'duratiTe. Relating to, causing, or marked by
indirect'. Not direct, not immediate. induration or hardening.
in4i8crini'inate [L. in- neg. +
discrimen, separation, indusium, pi. indu'sia (in-du'zl-um) [L. a tunic] i.
distinction.] Confused, promiscuous, having rela- The amnion, j. In botany, the epidermis or out-
tion to various unrelated parts, growth of the leaf covering the sporangium in
indispoBition (in-dis-po-zish'un). A slight illness, ferns. 1. gris'eum, a thin layer of gray matter on
malaise. the upper surface of the corpus callosum.
in'dium [indigo, because it gives a blue line in the Inebriant (in-e'bri-ant) [L. inebriare, to intoxi-
spectrum.] A metallic element, symbol In, cate.] I. Making drunk, intoxicating, z. An
atomic weight 1 1 4 8 it is malleable and of a
. ; intoxicant.
silvery white color. inebria'tion. Intoxication, the state of being drunk.
in'doform. Trade name of a preparation said to be inebriety (in-e-bri'e-tl) [L. in- intensive ebrietas, +
a mixture of formaldehyde with salicylic acid and drunkenness.] The habitual indulgence in alco-
acetyl salicylic acid. holic beverages in poisonous amount.
in'dol, in'dole. Ketol, a crystalline substance, inefiec'tual. Ineificient, inadequate, not producing
C,H,N, derivable from indigo; it is formed in the desired result.
the intestine during protein putrefaction and Inefflca'cious. Inefficient, ineffectual.
also occurs during the pancreatic digestion of inefficient (in-S-fish'ent) [L. in- neg. +
facere, to
proteins. make.] Ineffectual, powerless to produce the de-
Indolaceturia (in-dol-as-6-tu'ri-ah). The excretion sired effect, inefficacious.
of an appreciable amount of indolacetic acid in Inemia, insemia (in-e'mt-ah) [G. is(in)-, fiber, -^-
the urine. haima, blood.] The presence of fibrin in the
 —
INEMIA, IN^MIA 493 INFLAMMATION

blood, causing thrombosis and embolism; inose- uric-acid i., a plugging of the tubules of the kidney
mia, fibremia, fibiinemia. in the newborn with crystals of uric acid, white
inert (in-urt') [L. iners, unskilful, sluggish.] I. i., pale i.

Slow in action, sluggish. 2. Having no thera- infarction (in-fark'shun). 1. Changes produced by

peutic action, noting a drug. embolic obstruction of an end-artery in an organ.
inertia (in-ur'shyah). i. The property of matter of 2. The area so affected, infarct.
remaining at rest or of continuing indefinitely in Infect' [L. inficere.] To cause infection.
the motion imparted to it, unless acted upon by infec'tible. Capable of being infected
some impellin or retarding force. 2. Inactivity infection (in-fek'shun). Invasion by living patho-
or lack of force, noting especially feebleness of the genic microorganisms of a part of the body where
uterine contractions in labor, inertia uteri. the conditions are favorable to their growth and
in extre'mis [L. extremus, last.] At the point of whence may gain access to, and act
their toxins
death. injuriously upon, the tissues. See conagion.
in'fancy. i. The earliest period of extrauterine endog'enous i., i. caused by normally non-patho-
life, babyhood; roughly, the first two years of life. genic bacteria in the intestinal tract which have
2. In law, minority, the period prior to the twenty- assumed a pathogenic character, fo'cal i.; a
first birthday, nat'ural i., the period of legal irre- localized infection in the tonsils, tooth-sockets,
sponsibility, embracing the first seven years of or elsewhere, from which the microorganisms or
life. their toxins are from time to time carried to
in'fant [L. infans, not speaking.] i. A child during other regions to produce other local or general
the first two years of life, a babe. :<. In law, a systemic infections, mixed i., i. by more th&n
minor, a person under twenty-one years of age. one variety of pathogenic microorganisms.
infan'ticide (L. infans (infant-), infant, + ccedere, to sec'ondary i., an i., usually septic, occurring in
kill.] 1. The killing of an infant. 2. One who a person or animal already suffering from an i.
murders an infant. of another nature, ter'minal i., an acute infec-
infantile (in'fan-til). Relating to an infant, i. tion, commonly pneumonic or septic, occurring
of children, i. paral'ysis,
li'ver, biliary cirrhosis* toward the end of any disease (usually a chronic
acute anterior poliomyelitis.* i. tet'anus, trismus disease), and often the cause of death.
nascentium, trismus neonatorum. infectiosity (in-fek-shi-osl-tl). Infectiousness.
infantilism (in-fan'til-izm) [L. infantilis, infantile.] infectious (in-fek'shus). i. Capable of being trans-
Astate marked by extremely slow development mitted by infection, with or without actual con-
of mind and body, anangioplas'tic i.,' a type of tact (see contagious'), n. Producing an infection,
idiopathic i., supposedly due to defective develop- infective. 3. Noting a disease due to the action,
ment of the general vascular system, cachec'tic of a microorganism, either animal or vegetable.
i., a form of i., due apparently to chronic infection infec'tive. Relating to an infection, infectious.
(malaria, tuberculosis, etc.), autointoxication, infecun'dity. Sterility in woman, barrenness.
or chronic drug poisoning, dysthyroi'dal i., infibulation (in-fib-u-la'shun) [L. in, in, +
i. due to imperfect metabolism consequent upon fibula, a clasp.] Stitching together the Hps
defective secretion of the thyroid gland, hepat'ic of the vulva or of the prepuce in order to prevent
i., a form associated with cirrhosis of the liver. copulation.
idiopathic i., a type of arrested physical develop- infiltrate (in-fil'trat). i. To percolate, to enter or

ment of indefinite causation, regarded by some as cause to enter the pores of a substance, noting a
synonymous with anangioplastic i. intes'tinal i., liquid. 2. Material which has permeated or
Herter type of i., a form associated with chronic infiltrated into the tissues.
intestinal trouble and possibly due to autointoxi- infiltra'tion. 1. The act of passing into or inter-

cation; the bodily development is arrested with penetrating a substance, cell, or tissue, said of
slight mental retardation, the abdomen is dis- gases, fluids, or matters held in solution. 2. The

tended, there are frequent attacks of diarrhea, gas, fluid, or dissolved matter, which has entered
and fatigue, both bodily and mental, is induced by any substance, cell, or tissue, ad'ipose i., fatty i.
slight exertion, lymphat'ic i., Paltauf's nanism, ceirular i., permeation of the tissues with round
a form associated with lymphatism. mjrxedem'- cells, fat'ty i., the deposit, in abnormal quantity,
atous i., Brissaud type of i., infantile myxedema, in the cytoplasm, of fat globules or granides not
cretinism, pancreat'ic i., a form associated with formed within the cell itself (which would be
deficiency or absence of the pancreatic secretion. fatty degeneration), gelat'inous i., gray i. gray
par'tial i., arrested development affecting a special i., a grayish infiltration filling the alveoli of the

tissue or organ, such as cryptorchism, a patent lung in the neighborhood of tubercles.

foramen ovale, etc. symptomat'ic i., symptoma- infin'ity [L.in- neg. +
finis, end.] Infinite dis-
tic nanism.* toxe'niic i., intestinal i. univer'sal tance.*
i., Lorain type of i., a form in which the stature infirm (in-furm') [L. in- neg. + firmus, strong.]
is dwarfed, but all the parts are correctly propor- Weak or feeble in consequence of old age or dis-
,'
tioned, and the physical development is otherwise ease.
'
normal except for the absence of the secondary infirmary (in-fur'ma-rl). A
small hospital.
—
sexual characteristics change of voice, hairy infirmity (in-fur'ml-tJ). An abnormal, more or less
development, etc. disabling, condition of mind or body.
infarct (in'farkt) [L. infarcire, to stuff.] An area inflamma'tion [L.inflantmare; in, in, +flamma, flame.]
of coagulation necrosis resulting from the arrest of A
morbid change or series of reactions produced
circulation in the artery supplying the part. in the tissues by an irritant; it is marked by an
ane'mic i., pale i. calca'reous i., a deposit of afflux of blood with exudation of plasma and
calcium salts in the connective tissue, hemor- leucocytes. The sensible phenomena indicating
rhag'ic i., red i. pale i., a whitish, bloodless area inflammation are mainly redness,, heat, pain, and
of necrosis caused by arrest of circulation in the swelling rubor, calor, dolor, et tumor of the older
terminal artery, or resulting from decolorization —
writers ^none of which, ho'vyever, is an essential
of a hemorrhagic i. red i., an area, red in color sign of, this condition; the redness and heat ^e^
and swollen, the seat of hemorrhagic infiltration. phenomena of congestion, the pain and spelling
INFLAMMATION 494 INFUNDIBULO-OVARIAN

are the result of congestion combined usually infra- [L. below.] A

prefix denoting a position
with exudation, adhe'sive i., the slight phenom- below the part denoted by the word to which it is
ena of reaction occurring whep a wound heals by joined.
first intention, atroph'ic i., a chronic i. attended infraaxillaiy (in"frah-aks'il-a-ri). i. Below the
with an exudate of fibrinous material, the sub- axilla. 2. In botany, below the axil of the leaf.

sequent contraction of which leads to compression infraclavic'ular. Below the clavicle.

and atrophy of the tissues and cells, catarrh 'al i., infraconstric'tor. The inferior constrictor muscle
inflammation, chiefly of the mucous membranes, of the pharynx.
characterized by proliferation, degeneration, and infracor'tical. Beneath the cortex of the brain or
desquamation of the epithelial elements, with an kidney; subcortical.
i;icreased watery, and mucous secretion, croup- infracos'tal. Below a rib or the ribs.
ous j., acute i. attended with an exudation of inffacot'yloid. Below the acetabulum or cotyloid
fibrinous matter which spreads out into a tough, cavity.
adherent membrane, or forms a mass of granular infrac'tion [L. infractus; infringere, to break.] A
material, ex'udative i., i. accompanied by the fracture, especially one without displacement.
presence of an exudate consisting of serum, infractuie (in-frak'chi3r). Infraction.
fibrin, and pus. fi'brinous i., croupous i. fibroid infradiaphragmatic (in"frah-di"ah-frag-mat'ik)
i., atrophic i. hyperplast'ic i., productive i. Subdiaphragmatic, below the diaphragm.
inteisii'tial i., i. characterized by hyperplasia of infraglenoid (in"frah-gle-noyd). Below the glenoid
the supporting fibrous tissue of the part, necrot'ic fossa of the temporal bone or the glenoid surface
i., i. accompanied by the death of more or less of or cavity of the scapula, i. impres'sion, tuber-
the involved tissues, parenchy'matous i., i., ositas infraglenoidalis.
largely degenerative in character, affecting the infraglott'ic. Below the glottis, subglottic
special functioning cells of an organ, produc'tive infrahyoid (in"frah-hi'oyd). Below the hyoid
i., i. accompanied by the formation of new tissue, bone, noting especially a group of muscles: the
with or without an exudate, serous i., an i. of sternohyoideus, stemothjrreoideus, thyreoideus,
the serous membranes, accompanied by a pro- and omohyoideus.
fuse exudation of serous fluid. inframamin'aiy. Below the mammary gland.
inflamm'atory. Relating to, marked by, or the Inframandib'ulai. Beneath the mandible or lower
result of inflammation. jaw.
infla'tion [L. in, in, -I- flare, to blow.] Distention inframar'ginal. Below any margin or edge.
of a part by a liquid or a gas. Inframax'illary. Submaxillary, inframandibular.
inflec'tion, inflex'ion [L. in, in, -I- flectere, to bend.] infraorbital (in"frah-or'biI-tal). Beneath the orbit
I. An inward bending, diffraction, a. A change or in the floor of the orbit.
of tone or pitch in the voice. infrapatell'ar. Below the patella, noting especially
inflorescence (in"flor-es'ens) [L. inflorescere, to begin a bursa and a pad of fat, the ligamentum muco-
to blossom.] The structure of a, flower-cluster, sum, or plica* synovialis patellaris.
including the presence or absence of flower-stalks, infra-red. Beyond the red end of the spectrum,
and, when present, their relative lengths and noting certain invisible heat-rays.
relation to each other, definite i., cymose i., infrascap'ular. Below the scapula, i. ar'teiy, a
one in which the oldest flower is in the center, its small branch of the arteria circumflexa scapulae.
axis ceasing to grow, while the younger flowers infraspina'tus. See under muscuhis.
grow up around it. indefinite i., racemose i., infraspi'nous. Below a, spine or spinous process;
one in which the youngest flowers are in the cen- specifically below the spine of the scapula, noting
ter, overtopping the older lateral branches. the «'. fossa, forming the greater part of the
influenza (in-flu-en'zah) [It. influence.] The grip; posterior surface of the scapula.
an acute infectious disease possibly caused by infraster'nal. Below the sternum.
Pfeiffer's bacillus, characterized by fever, infratem'poral. Below the temporal fossa, i.
catarrhal inflammation of the respiratory crest, pterygoid ridge, a rough line on the external
or gastroenteric tract, or profound nervous surface of the great wing of the sphenoid, sepa-
disturbances marked by headache, insomnia, rating the temporal from the zygomatic fossa, i.
convulsions, delirium, neuritis, or mental fossa, zygomatic fossa.
depression. Three chief types are recognized; infrathoracic (in-frah-tho-ras'ik). Below or at the
respiratory, gastroenteric, and nervous, ac- lower portion of the thorax.
cording as the symptoms referable to one Infraton'sillar. Below the faucial tonsil.
or another of these systems predominate; serious infratrochlear (in"f rah-trok'le-ar) Below the troch-
.

affection of the circulatory system is also a fre- lea or pulley of the obliquus superior muscle of
quent complication or sequel. It occurs in the eye.
extensive epidemics or pandemics at intervals infraumbilical (in"frah-um-bil'I-kal). Below the
of years, endem'ic it, i. nostras, acute catarrhal umbilicus.
fever, winter grip, a disease resembling in its infric'tion. The application of liniments or oint-
general features pandemic influenza, but usually ments combined with friction.
of less severe type, occurring with more or less infundib'ular. Relating to an infundibulum. i.
regularity during the cold season, especially ex' tract, an extract of the infundibular portion of
in the larger cities of the world, i, nos'tras, the hypophysis* cerebri.
endemic i. infundibuliform (in-fun-dib'u-ll-form) [L. infundibu-
influen'zal. Relating to, marked by, or resulting lum, funnel, + forma, form.] Funnel-shaped.
from, influenza. i. fas'cia, the reflection of the transversalis fas-

infold'. To inclose within a.fold, as in the opera- cia over the structures entering the inguinal canal
tion of "infolding" an ulcer of the stomach, in at the internal abdominal ring.
which the walls of the organ on either side of the infundlbulin (in-fun-dib'u-lin). A
20 per cent,
lesion are brought together and sutured. solution of an extract of the posterior lobe of the
in'footed. Pigeon-toed, standing or walking with hypophysis cerebri.
the toes turned in. infundib'ulo-ova'rian. Relating to the fimbriated
 o . .

INFUNDIBULO-OVARIAN 49S INFUSUM

extremity of a Fallopian tube and the ovaiy. i. alsto'nise (B.A.), dita or alstonia bark i, water
i. lig'ament, fimbria ovarica. so; dose, 3i-i (15.0-30.0).
i. andrograph'idis (B.A.), infusion of andrographis;
iiifundib"ulopel'vic. Relating to any two struc-
tures called infundibulum and pelvis, such as I part boiled for 15 minutes in 20 parts of water; dose,
5i-i (is. 0-30.0).
the expanded portion of a calyx and the pelvis
i. auran'tii (Br.), infusion of orange peel; cut-up
of the kidney, or the fimbriated extremity of the
orange peel i ounce, water 20 fluidounces; tonic and
Fallopian tube and the pelvis, i. lig'ament, a part stomachic in doses of gi-a (30.0-60.0).
of the broad ligament of the uterus, called also i. auran'tii compos'ltum (Br.), compound infusion
the suspensory of the ovary, which descends of orange peel; orange peel J ounce, lemon peel J
from the false pelvis and contains the ovarian ounce, bruised cloves 55 grains, distilled water 20
vessels and nerves. fluidounces; stomachic and carminative in doses of
infundib'ulum, pi. infundib'ula [L. a, funnel.] A 3i-2 (30.0-60.0).
i. azadirach'tee (B.A.), infusion of azadirachta, z
funnel or funnel-shaped structure or passage.
part in 100 of cold water; dose, |54~i (iS.0-30.0).
Specifically, (i) free cephalic extremity of the
i. bu'chu (Br.), infusion of buchu; buchu leaves i
MuUerian duct; (2) expanding portion of a ounce, water 20 fluidounces; diuretic in doses of 3 1-2
calyx as it opens into the pelvis of the kindey; /(30. 0-60,0).
(3) the narrowing of the right ventricle toward i. calum'bce (Br.), infusion of columbo; bruised
the origin of the pulmonary artery, the conus calumba root i ounce, water 20 ounces; bitter tonic
arteriosus; (4) termination of a bronchiole in in doses of 51-2 (30.0-60.0).
i. caryoph'ylli (Br.), infusion of cloves; bruised
the alveolus; (5) termination of the cochlear
cloves i ounce, water 20 fluidounces; carminative in
canal beneath the cupola; (6) the hollow in an doses of 54-2 (is. 0-60.0).
incisor tooth of a horse, see mark. i. ethmoida'le i. cascaril'lce (Br.), infusion of cascarilla; powdered
oss'is ethmoida'lis [BNA], a passage from the cascarilla bark i ounce, boiling water 30 fluidounces;
middle meatus of the nose communicating dose, 5 I— 2 (30.0—60.0).
with the anterior ethmoidal cells, i ethmoida'le
.
i. chira'tse (Br.), infusion of chiretta; chiretta i
ca'vi na'si [BNA], a passage leading from the ounce, water 20 ounces; simple bitter in doses of
nose to the frontal sinus on the inner side 3 I— 2 (30. 0-60 o) .

i. cincho'nte ac'idum (Br.), acid infusion of cin-

of the upper portion of the laryngeal bone. chona; powdered red cinchona bark i ounce, aromatic
i. hypothala'mium [BNA], the apical portion sulphuric acid 2 fluidrachms, boiling water 20 fluid-
of the tuber cinereum forming the stalk of ounces; bitter tonic in doses of 3i-2 (30.0-60.0).
the hypophysis, i. tu'bse uteri'nffi [BNA], the i. concentra'tum, concentrated infusion, a prepara-

funnel-like expansion of the abdominal ex- tion made of such a strength that the addition of 7
tremity of the Fallopian tube. volumes of water will be of approximately the strength
of the official (B.P.) infusion.
infun'din. Trade name of an extract of the pos-
i. coscin'ii (B.A), infusion of coscinium; i part
terior lobe and infundibulum of the hypoph-
in 20 of boiling water; dose, 3i-i (is. 0-30.0).
ysis cerebri. i, cuspa'riaa (Br.), infusion of cusparia or angustura;
infusible (in-fu'zi-bl). i. Incapable of being melted powdered cusparia back i ounce, boiling water 20
or fused. 2. Capable of being made into an fluidounces; employed in atonic dyspepsia in doses of
infusion. 5i— 3 (30.0-60.0).
digita'lis (U.S., Br.), inf\ision of digitalis; digi-
infusion (in-fu'zhun) [L. in, into, +
fundere, to i.

talis leaves 15.0, cinnamon water 1.50,0, water to

pour.] I. The process of steeping a substance
make 1000. o; dose, 32-4 (8.0-16.0).
in water, either cold or hot but below the boiling i, ergo'tse (Br.), infusion of ergot; powdered ergot
point, in order to extract its soluble principles; i ounce, boiling water 10 fluidounces; dose, 3 1-2
distinguished from decoction, which is effected (30.0-60.0).
with boiling water. ^. A
medicinal preparation i. gentia'ns compos'itum (N.F. and Br.), compound

obtained by steeping the crude drug in Water; infusion of gentian; gentian root and bitter orange peel
for the official infusions see infusUm. each ss grains, lemon peel \ ounce, boiling water 10
fluidounces; tonic in doses of 3J-i (is .0-30 .0); the
infusodecoction (in-fu"zo-de-kok'shun). i. Infusion
N.F. prescribes: gentian 30, coriander and bitter orange
followed by decoction. 2. A medicinal prepara-
peel, each 8, diluted alcohol and water, of each enough
tion made by steeping the crude drug first in cold to make 1000; dose 54 (15 -o).
, water and then in boiling water. i. gentia'nse compos'itum for'tius, stronger compound
Imuso'ria [L. infusum, infusion, the term being infusion of gentian; gentian so, coriander 13, bitter
/originally applied to all animalcules found in orange peel 13, alcohol to make 400; tonic in doses of
'
infusions or stagnant waters.] Ciliophora; a 3}-I (2.0-4.0).
i. hu'muli, i. lupuli.
subphyltmi (or class) of Protozoa, the members
i. krame'ri&e (Br.), infusion of krameria or rha-
of which have a generative micronucleus and a tany; krameria root i ounce, boiling water 20 fluid-
vegetative macronucleus, and are provided with ounces; given in diarrhea in doses of 3i-2 (30.0—60.0),
cilia, either free or fused into membranes; the i. lu'puli (Br.), infusion of hops; hops i ounce,
cilia may be permanent or present only in the boiling water 20 fluidounces; mild hypnotic and
early stages. sedative in doses of 5 1—2 (.30.0—60.0).
i. pru'ni virginia'nse (N.F.), infusion of wild cherry;
Infu'sum, gen. infu'si, pi. infu'sa [L. neut. of infu-
powdered wild cherry bark 40.0, glycerin so.o, cold
sus; infundere, to pour in.] Infusion, tea,
water to make 1 000.0; employed for the relief of a
a class of pharmacopeial preparations made by hacking cough in doses of 3 1-3 (30.0-90.0).
poitring water (hot or cold, according to direc- I i. quas'siee (Br.), infusion of quassia; scraped quas-

tions) over vegetable substances, allowing it to sia wood 88 grains, cold distilled water 30 fluidounces;
stand for some time, and then straining; the bitter tonic in doses of 3i-2 (30.0-60.0).
general formula for infusions is 50.0 of the vege- i. ^he'i (Br.), infusion of rhubarb; sliced rhubarb
root I ounce, boiling distilled water 20 fluidounces:
table substance, coarsely comminuted, to 1000.
laxative in doses of 3 1-2 (3 o 0-60 o)
. .

of water, usually boiling. There are three infu- i. ro'SEB ac'idum (Br.), acid infusion of rose; red
sions in the U.S.P., and twenty-one in the B.P. rose petals i ounce, dilute sulphuric acid 3 fluidrachms,
boiling distilled water to make 30 fluidounces; em-
1. a'bri, 2 parts of powder of jequirity seeds in 35 ployed in stomatitis, pharyngitis, and the night sweats
of water at jao° F., employed externally in the treat- of phthisis in doses of 3i-3 (30.0-90.0).
ment of granular lids. 1. ro'sse compos'itum (N.F.), compound infusion of
 i

INFUSUM 496 INJECTIO

rose; red rose petals 13, dilute sulphuric acid 9, sugar inha'ler. i. A mask-like apparatus over the nose
40, boiling water to 1000; used as a vehicle to disguise and mouth, through which to breathe when the
the taste of bitter drugs, in doses of 33-4 (8.0—16,0). air is cold and raw or laden with dust or noxious
i, scopa'rise (Br.), infusion of broom; broom tops 2. An apparatus for administering
vapors.
3 ounces, boiling water so fluidounces; diuretic in doses
of 3i-i (is. 0-30.0).
remedies by inhalation.
i. sen'egee (Br.), infusion of senega; powdered sen- inhe'rent [L. in, in, + hcerere, to stick.] Intrinsic,
ega root I ounce, boiling water 30 fluidrachms; expecto- forming a necessary part.
rant in doses of 5 i-3 (30.0-60.0). inheritance (in-her'i-tans) [L. hereditare, to inherit.]
i. Ben'nsB compos'itum (U.S.), compound infusion That which is inherited, the act of inheriting.
of senna, black draught; senna 60.0, manna 120.0, alter'native i., (i) Mendelian inheritance; (2)
magnesium sulphate 120.0, fennel 20.0, boiling water Galton's term for an assumed form in which all
Soo.o, steep for half an hour and add cold water 200.0;
purgative in doses of 32—4 (60.0-120.0). the characters are derived from one parent.
i. serpenta'riee (Br.), infusion of serpentary; pow- blend'ing i., Galton's term for that form in which
dered serpentaria 1 ounce, boiling water 20 ounces; the maternal and paternal characters appear to
employed in chronic dyspepsia in doses of 5 1—2 blend in the offspring, criss-cross i., Morgan's
(30.0—60.0). term for the transmission of the maternal char-
i. tinos'porffi (B.A.), infusion of tinospora or of
acters to the sons and the paternal characters
gulancha, i part in 10 of cold water; dose, 3i—
to the daughters, partic'ulate i., Mendelian i.,
(is. 0-30.0).
i. todda'lise (B.A.), infusion of toddalia or of lopez-
that in which some characters are derived from
root; I part to 10 of boiling water; employed, like in- one parent, others from the other.
fusion of cusparia, as a stomachic tonic in doses of inhibition (in-hi-bish'on) [L. inhibere, to restrain.]
5i-2 (30.0-60.0). The diminution or arrest of function in an organ.
i. u'vffi ur'si (Br.), infusion of bearberry; uva ursi Interference in the cerebral pathways between an
leaves I ounce, boiling water 20 fluidounces; diuretic
afferent impulse and the direct motor response.
in doses of 5i-3 (30.0-60.0).
inhib'itor. i. An agent which restrains or retards

physiological action. 2. nerve, stimulation of A

ngesta (in-jes'tah) [pi. of L. ingestum; ingerere, to which represses the activity of the part supplied
carry in.] Food taken' into the body. by it.

ingestion (in-jes'chun). The introduction of food inhib'itory. Restraining, preventing, i. nerve,

and drink into the stomach. inhibitor (2).
inges'tive. Relating to ingestion. in'iac, in'ial. Relating to the inion.
ingluTies (in-glu'vl-ez) [L.] The crop of a bird. in'iad [L. ad, to.] In a direction toward the inion,
in'gluvin. A digestive substance resembling pep- or occiput.
sin, obtained from the gizzards of fowls employed
;
iniencephalus (in"I-en-sef'a-lus) [G. inion, back
as a digestant and to relieve the vomiting of of the head, +
enkephalos, brain.] monster A
pregnancy, in doses of gr. 5-1 5 (o 3-1 o).
. .
with a cranial defect at the occiput, the brain
Ingras'sia's or Ingras'sias's apoph'yses or wings being exposed or protruding.
[Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia, Italian anatomist, inion (in'I-on) [G. nape of the neck.] The external
1510-1580.] The lesser wings of the sphenoid occipital protuberance used as a fixed point in
bone. craniometry.
ingravescent (in"gr&-ves'ent) [L. ingravescere, to in'iops [G. inion, back of the head, + dps, eye, face.]
grow heavier.] Increasing in severity. A double monster with a single head which an-
in'guen, gen. in'guinis [L.] The groin. teriorly presents a com-
inguinal (in'gwi-nal). Relating to the groin, i. plete face, but posteri-
canal', the canal in the lower part of the abdom- orly only a portion of
inal wall, transmitting the spermatic cord in the one, as, for example, one
male and the round ligament in the female, i. eye, the body is usually
fos'sa, fovea inguinalis. i. lig'ament, Poupart's single above the umbili-
ligament, ligamentum* inguinale, i. re'gion, iUac cus, double below.
region, the lowest lateral abdominal* region on Initial (in-ish'al) [L. initium,
either side of the hypogastric or pubic region, i. beginning.] Incipient, re-
tri'gone, (i) Henke's* trigone; (2) Scarpa's* lating to a beginning.
triangle. initis (in-i'(e')tis) [G. is{in-),
inguinocru'ral. See under hernia. fiber, -I- -itis^ i. Inflam-
inguinodynia (in"gwi-no-din'I-ah) [L inguen(in- mation of fibrous tissue.
guin-), groin, -f- G. odyne, pain.] Pain in the 2. Myositis.
groin. inject' [L. injicere, to throw
inguinola'bial. Relating to the inguinal canal and in.] To introduce
into
the labium majtis on the same side, noting an the body, noting a fluid
inguinal hernia descending into the labium. thrown into one of the l
in"guinoproperiton'eal. See imder hernia. cavities, beneath the skin,
inguinoscro'tal. Relating to the inguinal canal or into a blood-vessel;
^'
and the scrotum, noting an inguinal hernia de- see injection.
scending into the scrotum alongside the tunica injectable, i. Capable of being injected into any-
vaginalis testis. thing. 2. Capable of receiving an injection.
inha'Iant. That which is inhaled; a remedy given injec'ted. 1 Noting a fluid introduced into the
.

by inhalation. body. a. Having the blood-vessels visibly dis-

inhalation (in-h3,-la'shun) [L. in, in, H- halare, to tended with blood congested. ;

breathe.] i. Inspiration, drawing in the breath. injectio, gen. injeciio'nis, pi. injectio'nes (in-jek'shyo)
2. Drawing a medicated vapor in with the [L. injicere, to throw in.] Injection, i. apomor-
breath. 3. A medicated liquid intended for phi'nse hypoder'mica (Br.), hypodermic injec-
inhalation in the form of vapor. tion of apomorphine; apomorphine hydrochlo-
inhale (in-hal'). To draw in the breath, to ride gr. i, diluted hydrochloric acid iij[ i; boiled

inspire. distilled water nij no; dose, nji 2-8 (0.13-0.5).

INJECTIO 497 INOSITE

i.cocain'se hypoder'inica(Br.), hypodermic in jec- inoculum (in-ok'u-lum). The virus or other

tion of cocaine; cocaine hydrochloride gr. 33, material introduced by inoculation.
salicylic acid gr. J, boiled distilled water 3 6 dose, ; in'ocysto'ma [G. is{in-), fiber, + kystis, cyst,
vfn 2-5 (0.13-0.3). i. ergo'tae hypoder'mica + -dma.] A fibrous tumor undergoing cystic
(Br.),hypodermic injection of ergot; extract of degeneration.
ergot gr. 100, phenol gr. 3, boiled distilled water inocyte (in'o-s3t) [G. is{in-), fiber, + kytos, a
to make nu 330; dose, 11115—10(0.3-0.6). i. hypo- hollow (a cell).] A fiber-cell, an elongated cell of
der'mica, a class of preparations of the B.P. fibrous tissue.
suitable for hypodermic injection; four only are inoepithelioma (in"o-ep-I-the-U-o'mah). An epi-
official. In the United States the injeciiones thelioma mixed with fibrous tissue.
hypodermiccB are prepared extemporaneously by inogen (in'o-jen) [G. is{in-), mliscle, -t- gennao, I
means of soluble tablets each containing one produce.] A
hypothetical substance in mus-
dose of the remedy, i. morphi'nae hypoder'mica cular tissue, which is supposed to be decom-
(Br.), hypodermic injection of morphine; mor- posed during contraction and to be reformed
phine tartrate gr. 50, boiled distilled water during rest of the muscle.
nu 1100; dose, njj 1—5 (0.06—0.3). inogenesis (in-o-jeu'e-sis) [G. is{in-), sinew,
injection (in-jek'shun) [L. injeciio.l The introduc- muscle, -t- genesis, production.] Formation of
tion of a medicinal substance or nutrient material, fibrous or muscular tissue.
in fluid form, into the subcutaneous cellular inoglia (in-og'll-ah) [G. is{in-), fiber, + glia, glue.]
tissue {subcutaneous or hypodermic), the muscular The basement or ground substance, either
tissue {intramuscular), a vein (intravenous), the homogeneous or fibrillar, of connective tissue;
rectum {rectal i., clyster, or enema), the vagina fibroglia.
{vaginal i., or douche), the urethra, or other inohymenitis (in-o-hi-men-i'(e')tis) [G. is{in-),
canals or cavities of the body. fiber, + hymen, membrane, + -itis.] Inflamma-
in'jure. To woimd, to hurt. tion of an aponeurosis or other fibrous mem-
in'jury [L. injuria; in- neg. jus{jur-), right.] brane.
-J-

Damage, wound, trauma. inoliomyoma (in"o-Ii"o-mi-o'mah) [G. is{in-), fiber,

4- leios, smooth, + mys{myo-), muscle, + -dma.]
in'lay. In dentistry, a solid filling, made the shape
of a cavity, and then inserted and secured with
A tumor of smooth musctilar tissue.
cement.
in'olith [G. is{in^), fiber, + lithos, stone.] A concre-
tion formed from or in fibrous tissue.
in'let. A passage leading into a cavity, pelvic i., ino'ma [G. is{in-), fiber, + -dma.] A fibroid tumor,
apertura* pelvis superior [BNA], the upper
fibroma.
opening into the pelvis the circumference of
inomyoma (in-o-mi-o'mah) [G. is{in-), fiber, +
which is the brim of the pelvis.
mys{myo-), muscle, + Sma.] A myoma con-
In'man's disease' [Thomas Inm.an, English physician, taining much fibrous tissue; fibromyoma.
1820-1876.] Myalgia. inomyositis (in-o-mi-o-si'(se')tis) [G. is{in-), fiber,
innate' [L. in, in, -t- natus, bom.] Inborn. -t- m.ys{myo-), muscle, + -itis.] Chronic inflam-
innerya'tion. Distribution of the nerves in a part. mation of a muscle with an overgrowth, or hyper-
innidiation (in-id-I-a'shun) [L. in, in, +
nidus, nest.] plasia, of the connective tissue.
The arrest and multiplication of cells in a new inomyxo'ma [G. is{in-), fiber, + myxa, mucus, -H
part of the body to which they have been carried; -oma.] A mixed inoma, or fibroma and
metastasis, colonization, indenization. myxoma.
inn'ocent [L. t«- neg. -}- nocere, to injure.] Benign. inoneuroma (in"o-nu-ro'mah) [G. is{in-), fiber, +
Innoc'ua. The non-poisonous serpents; see Vene- neuron, nerve, -1- -dma.] A mixed inoma and
nosa. neuroma.
innoc'uous [L. innocuus.J Harmless, innoxious. inopec'tic. Relating to inopexia. i. diath'esis, a
innominatal (in-nom'i-na-tal). Relating to the state of body marked by a tendency to coagula-
iimominate bone. tion of fibrin resulting in thrombosis or embolism.
innominate (in-nomli-nat) [L. in- neg. -f yiomen, inop'erable. That cannot be operated upon or that
name.] Nameless, i. ar'tery, see under arteria. cannot be relieved by operation.
i. bone, haunch bone, hip bone, os* coxae. inopex'ia [G. is{in-), fiber, +
pexis, fixation.]
innoxious (in-ok'shus) [L. innoxius.] Harmless, Coagulation of the blood in the vessels during
innocuous. life
innutrition (in-nu-trish'on). Lack of nutrition. inorgan'ic. Not organic, not relating to living
in'oblast [G. is{in-), fiber, + blastos, germ.] An organisms. 2. chem'lstry, the chemistry of sub-
embryonic connective-tissue cell. stances not containing carbon.
inochondritis (in"o-kon-dri'(dre')tis) [G. is{in-), inosclero'sis [G. is {in-), fiber, + sklerdsis, hardness.}
fiber, +
ehondros, cartilage, -1- -itis.] Inflam- I. Sclerosis by increase of fibrous tissue 2.
mation of a fibrocartilage. Increased density of fibrous tissue.
inochondroma (in"o-kon-dro'mah) [G. is{in-), fiber, inos'copy [G. is{in-), fiber, -f- skoped, I look at.]
-f- ehondros, cartilage, -1- -dma.] chondromaA Examination of fibrinous
deposits in fiuids,
containing much fibrous tissue a tumor composed
; usually to determine the presence or absence of
of fibrocartilaginous elements ; fibrochondroma. microorganisms.
inoculabil'ity. The quality of being inoculable. inos'culate [L. in, in, -I- osculum, dim. of os, mouth.]
inoc'ulable. i. Transmissible by inoculation. 2. Anastomose.
Susceptible to a disease transmissible by inocula- inoscula'tion. Anastomosis.
tion. in'ose. Inosite.
inoc'ulate [L. inoculare; in, in, -f- oculus, eye.] To inosemla, inosaemia (in-o-se'ml-ah) {inose + G.
introduce the virus of a disease into the subcu- haima, blood.] The presence of inosite, or mus-
taneous tissue or a blood-vessel or through an cle-sugar, in the blood.
abraded or absorbing surface. in'osite [G.is{in-), muscle.] Muscle-sugar, inose,
inocula'tion. Introduction of the virus of a disease a sugar, CjHi205-(-2H|,0, found in the cardiac
into the body. muscle, the brain, kidneys, and other organs.
32
 —
INOSITIS 498 INSENSIBLE

inositis (in-o-si'(se')tis) [G. is(in-) fiber, + -itis.] folie k deux, a psychosis, often of paranoid
Inflammation of fibrous tissue. form, affecting two persons who are intimately
inosituria (in"o-si-tu'rI-ah)
[inosite +
G. ouron, associated; the one on whom the mental dis-
urine.] The presence
of inosite in the urine. turbance has been imposed may recover i{
inosteatoma (in-os"te-a-to'mah) [G. is(in-), iiber, + removed from the original sufferer, impul'sive
stear{steat-), fat, +
-oma.] A
fibrofatty tumor. i ., a condition in which a sudden
morbid impulse
inosu'ria. Inosituria. arises and drives the patient at once, without
inotag'ma [G. «(»«-), muscle, + tagma, an order, reflection or attempt at resistance, to the com-
arrangement.] A contractile element in the mission of some act. induced' i., communi-
protoplasm. cated i. i. of doub'le form, a form of manic-
inotropic (in-o-trop'ik) [G. is{in-), muscle, +
tropos, depressive psychosis having the sequence
a turning, influencing.] Influencing the contrac- mania, depression, interval, or the reverse.
tility of muscular tissue, neg'atively i., weaken- manic-depress'ive i., an alternation of mania
ing, and pos'itively i., strengthening muscular and melanchol-a. mor'al i., an irresistible im-
action. pulse to commit wrong or immoral acts, path-
inquest (in'kwest) [L. in, in, +
quarere, to seek.] omania. puer'peral i., any form of mental dis-
A legal inquiry into the cause of a sudden or ease, usually either confusional i. or manic-de-
violent death. pressive i., sometimes occurring in women during
inquiline (in'kwi-lin) [L. incolus, an inhabitant.] A the early puerperal period, se'nile i., degenera-
variety of parasite which lives in the shelter pro- tive i. occurring in the aged, simulta'neous 1.,
vided by the other (as an oyster-crab within the a form of folie 4 deux, in which the same psy-
shell of the oyster), but does not necessarily derive chosis appears at the same time in two inti-
its food from its host, being often a commensal.* mately associated and mentally predisposed
insal'ivate [L. in + salival] To mix the food with individuals, toz'ic i., a psychosis, usually con-
saliva during mastication. fusional i., due to the action of some poison,
insaliva'tion. The mixing of the food with saliva. such as alcohol, opium, etc., or to autotoxemia.
Insalubrious (in"sa-lu'bil-us) [L. in- neg. -I- saluber, volit'ional i., i. marked especially by perversion
healthful.] Unwholesome, unhealthful, insani- of the will power.
tary.
alcoholic, mania a potu, delirium tremens, alcoholo-
insane' [L. in- neg. -1- sanus, soimd, sane.] 1. Of mania, enomania, oenomania, dipsomania, congen-
unsound mind, deranged, crazy, non compos ital, idiocy, imbecility, cretinism, degenerative,
mentis, lunatic. 2. Relating to insanity, i.
psychasthenia, phrenasthenia. delusional, paranoia.
doubting, see under phobia, emotional, patnomania.
asy'lum, an institution for the care of the insane. erotic, nymphomania, satyriasis. fatuous, moria.
1. ear, othematoma. furious, acromania, acriothymia. grandiose, megalo-
insEtn'itary [L. »'«- neg
-I- sanus, sound.] Unhealth- mania, homicidal, androphonomania. hysterical,
hysteromania, imposed, folie k detuc. inquisitive,
ful, insalubrious, injurious to health, not sanitary. paratereseqmania. loquacious, moria. marked by
insan'ity [L. insanitas; in- neg. +
sanus, sound, terror, enosimania. moral, pathomania, esthesiomania.
sane.] A
more or less permanent unsoundness of neurasthenic, psychasthenia, phrenasthenia. on a few
subjects, oligomania. on one subject, monomania.
mind, mental disease; a condition marked by paralytic, paresis, polyneuritic, Korsakoff's syndrome.
abnormality of the reasoning faculty, delusions, pubertal, hebephrenia, dementia prascox. puerperal,
illusions, or hallucinations, with irresponsibility maiensioxnania, tocomania. religious, entheomania,
demonomania, hieromania. senile, dementia, presby-
and a lack of understanding of the nature of one 's ophrenia, dotardness. specialist in, psychiatrist, psy-
speech and actions; lunacy, craziness. It is chiater, alienist, '* mad-doctor." stuporous, naicoma-
an acquired condition and so distinguished from nia, catatonia, suicidal, misozoia. treatise on, mani-
cography, manigraphy. voluble, logomania. with
idiocy or imbecility, and is chronic, thus distin- cruel impulses, diastrephia. with exaltation, mania,
guished from the delirium of fever or shock. hyperphrenia. with incendiary impulses, pyromania.
alcohol'ic i., a form of toxic i., due to the immod- with loss of mental faculties, dementia, amentia, with
loss of will power, abulomania. with menital depres-
erate indulgence in alcoholic beverages, al'ter- sion, melancholia, lypemania. with morbid fears, see
nating i., a form of manic-depressive i. having under phobia, with one idea, monomania, with
the sequence mania, — interval, depression. pleasing delusions, habromania, amenomania. with
thieving impulses, cleptomania.
chore'ic i., an infectious psychosis sometimes
associated with chorea, which usually assumes a Inscriptio (in-skrip'shyo) [L. in,- in, + scribere, to
confusional form, cir'ctilar i., that form of the write.] Inscription, i. tendin'ea [BNA], ten-
manic-depressive psychosis in which the manic dinous inscription, a tendinous band or partition
and depressive attacks follow one another with- running across a muscle.
out lucid intervals, climacter'ic i., any form of Inscrip'tion [L inscriptio.'] The main part of a
mental disease occurring about or at the close of prescription, that which indicates the drugs and
middle life, commu'nicated i., a form of folie k the quantity of each to be used in the mixture.
deux in which the delusional ideas of one person In'sect [L. insectum; in, in, -t- secare, to cut.] An
are accepted by the second, by a species of mental invertebrate creature, with many legs, and
contagion, but only after prolonged resistance, usually with fully developed or rudimentary
this period of resistance distinguishing it from wings, the body of which is divided into segments
imposed i. compul'sive i., a mental state comprising head, thorax, and abdomen the term ;

marked by an obsession or fixed idea which is loosely applied to legged terrestrial invertebrates
often compels to acts against the will and of many kinds, whether segmented or not.
despite the anxious resistance of the patient. insect'icide [L. insectum, insect, -I- ccedere, to kill.]
confu'sional i., infection-exhaustion psychosis.* I. Causing the destruction of insects in the
cy'clic i., circular i. degen'erative 1., phrenas- widest sense of the term. 2. An agent which
thenia or psychasthenia occurring in the degen- kills insects.
erative period of life, delu'sional i., paranoia. insemina'tion. i. The deposit of semen in the
drug i., a toxic i. due to the use of some drug vagina during coitus. 2. The first contact of
such as opium or cocaine, hyster'ical i., an the spermatozoon with the ovum.
exaggerated form of psychasthenia with emo- Insen'sible [L. in- neg. + sensibilis, sensible.] 1.
tional crises of hysterical nature, imposed' i., Unconscious, j. Not appreciable by the senses.
IlsrSERTION 499 INSURANCE

insertion (in-sur'shun) [L. in. in, + serere, to plant.] closed only by conscious effort, and remain open
I. A putting in. 2. The attachment of a muscle during sleep, mus'cular i., failure of any mus-
to the more movable part of the skeleton, as dis- cle to contract with its normal force, especially
tinguished from origin, velamen'tous i., a form such failure of any of the eye muscles, renal i.,
of insertion of the fetal blood-vessels' into the defective functional activity of the kidneys
placenta, in which they separate before reaching whereby some of the waste products of the body
that structure and make their way to it in a fold are retained, thyroid i., hypothyroidism.
of amnion." uterine i, atony of the uterine musculature.
,

insheathed (in-shedhd'). Enclosed in a sheath or val'vular i., failure of the cardiac valves to close
capsule; encysted. perfectly, regurgitation of blood being the result.
insid'ious [L. insidiosus, cunning.] Treacherous, insufflate [L. in, in, +
sub, under, +
flare, to blow.]
stealthy; noting a disease which progresses with To blow into to fill the lungs of an asphyxiated
;

few or no ss^nptoms to indicate its gravity. newborn infant by blowing into the mouth and
in si'tu [L. sitiis, site.] In position. nose, or to blow a medicated powder into a cavity.
insola'tion [L. insolare, to place in the sun.] Sun- insuffla'tion. The act or process of insiilHating.
stroke. in'sufflator. An instnmient for blowing a powder
insol'uble. Not soluble. into the nose or other cavity.
insom'nia [L. »n- priv. + somnus, sleep.] Anhyp- insula, gen. and pi. in'sulcB (in'su-lah) [L. island.]
nosis, wakefulness; inability to sleep, in the I. [BNA] Island, island of Reil, central lobe of the
absence of external impediments, such as noise, a cerebrum a cerebral lobe or group of convolutions
bright light, etc., during the period when hjrp- in the depth of the fissure of Sylvius, a. Any cir-
nosis should normally occur; it may vary in cumscribed body or a patch on the skin. i. lac'tea,
degree from restlessness or disturbed slumber to macula albida. i, tendin'ea, macula albida.
a curtailment of the normal length of sleep or to Langerhans' i., Langerhans'* islands.
absolute wakefulness, in'sular. Relating to any insula, especially the
inspect' [L. inspicere, to examine.] To examine by island of Reil. i. hypoth'esis, the theory of the
means of the sight. dependence of diabetes upon destruction or loss
insper'sion [L. inspergere, to scatter upon.] Sprink- of function of the islands of Langerhans in the
ling with a fluid or a powder. pancreas.
inspira'tion [L in, in, + spirare, to breathe.] The insulate (in'su-lat) [L. insulare, to make like an
act of breathing in, inhalation. island.] To prevent the passage of electricity
in'spirator. Inhaler,
i. j. Respirator. to the earth, by the interposition of a non-con-
inspi'ratory. Relating to an inspiration, ducting substance such as glass or rubber.
inspire'. To breathe in, to take a breath, to inhale. insulation (in-su-la'shun). i. The act of in-
inspirom'eter [L. inspirare, to breathe in, -I- G. sulating. 2. The non-conducting substance by
meiron, measure.] An instrument for measuring which electricity is prevented from escaping.
'
the force, frequency, or volume of the inspirations. 3. The state of being insulated.
inspis'sated [L. in- intensive -I- spissare, to thicken.] in'sulator. Anon-conducting material by means of
Thickened by evaporation or absorption of fluid. which insulation is effected.
inspissa'tion. i. The act of thickening by evapora- insuline (in'su-len) [L. insula, island, referring to
tion or by the absorption of fluid. 2. An Langerhans' islands in the pancreas.] hypo- A
increased thickness or diminished fluidity. thetical hormone or autocoid, secreted by the
in'step. The arch, or highest part of the dorsum of islet tissue of the pancreas, which acts upon
the foot. carbohydrate metabolism so as to prevent an
instilla'tion [L. instillare, to pour in by drops.] The undue accumulation of glucose in the blood.
dropping of a liquid on or in a part. in'sult [L. insultus.] 1. An injury or travuna. 2.
in'stillator. A dropper See insultus.
in'stinct [L. instinctus, impulse.] The unreasoning insul'tus [L. insuliare, to leap upon.] Attack, as
impulse to perform some purposive action with- i. apoplectiform'is, i. epilepiiform'is, i. syncdpa'lis
out an immediate consciousness of the end to (fainting), etc.
which that action will lead. insu'rable in'terest. A
condition existing between
instinc'tive. Relating to instinct. the beneficiary and the holder of a life-insurance
institute (in'stJ-tut) [L. instituere, to set up.] i. An policy according to which the former natur-ally
association of persons for a definite ptupose, espe- desires that the latter shall live. Such a con-
cially for the performance of literary or scientific dition holds in the case of husband and wife or
work or teacUng. 2. An institution. those of near kindred, of employer and employee,
Institu'tion. A building or establishment for the of partners in business, etc. A
beneficiary who
promotion of some literary, educational, scientific, has no insurable interest in the life of the insured,
or philanthropic purpose. cann6t recover the amount of the policy in case
in'strument [L. instrumentum, tool.] A tool or of the death of the latter. In Canada the law
implement. provides that if the insured pays the premitims
instrumen'tal. Done by the aid of mechanical the beneficiary can recover the amount of the
appliances. policy, even if he have no insurable interest.
insucca'tion [L, insucare, to soak in.] Maceration, Insu'rance [O. Fr. enseurer; L. in, in, + securus,
soaking, especially of a crude drug to prepare it sure, secure.] The agreement by one party to
for further pharmaceutical operation. pay a definite sum to another party in the event
insufficiency (in-sii-fish'en-s5). Lack of complete- of illness, accident, death, or pecuniary loss of
ness of function or of power, inadequacy; one kind or another, ac'cident i., the guarantee
incompetency (noting defective closure of a by a company to pay to the insured a definite
cardiac valve), hepat'ic i., defective functional sum, either in one payment or weekly during the
activity of the liver cells, i. disease, deficiency period of disablement, in case of accident.
disease, one arising from defective metabolism health 1., i. of the same character as accident i.,
caused by a lack of vitamines in the diet. i. of the stated sum being guaranteed in case of illness
the eyelids, a condition in which the eyelids are not due to accident. Indus'trial i., a form of life
 '

INSURANCE Soo INTERDENTAL

insiirance in which policies of small amounts are in'terbrain.'Tween-brain, diencephalon, thalam-

issued, the premium being paid in weekly or encephalon.*
monthly installments, life i., see life*-insurance. intercadence (in-tur-ka'dens) [L. inter, between, -1-
step-rate i., see natural premium.* term i., see cadere, to fall.] The occurrence of an extra beat
term policy* between the two regular pulse beats; extreme
insusceptibility (in"sus-sep"ti-biri-ti). Lack or ab- dicrotism, interpolated extra-systole.
sence of susceptibility, immunity. intercal'ary [L. intercalare, to insert.] Occurring
integra'tion [L. integrare; integer, whole.] Building between two others; noting, in a -pulse tracing,
up by accretion, anabolism. an up-stroke interposed between two normal
integ'ument [L. integumentum, covering.] i. The pulse beats.
enveloping membrane of the ,body, integumen- inter'calated. Interposed, inserted between two
tum* commune, a. The rind, capsule, or cover- others.
ing of any body or part. intercala'tum. Substantia nigra of the, brain.
integimientary (in-teg-u-men'ta-ri). Relating to intercanalic'ular. Between canaliculi in any sense.
the integument, cutaneous, dermal. intercap'illaiy. Between or among capillary ves-
integumen'tum [L.] Integument, i. commu'ne sels.
[BNA], the common integument, cutis, -derma, intercarot'ic. Intercarotid.
skin; the membrane covering the body and con- intercarot'id. Between the internal and external
tinuous, at the various orifices, with the mucous carotid arteries, body, glomus caroticum
i.

membrane of the alimentary, respiratory, and intercar'pal. Between the carpal bones.
urogenital tracts; it is composed of two strata: intercartilaginous (in"tur-kar-tHaj'in-us) [L. inter,
the superficial epidermis and the deep dermis between, -I- cariilago, cartilage.] Between or
or corium, and contains the sweat and sebaceous connecting cartilages.
' glands, the hair-follicles, and the touch cor- intercavernous (in"tur-kav'ur-nus). Between two
puscles. cavities,i. si'nuses, two cerebral sinuses, anterior

in'tellect [L. inielligere, to understand.] The under- and

posterior i. sinuses, connecting the cavernous
standing, mind. sinuses and thus forming the circular sinus
intem'perance [L. iniemperanii^^ Lack of modera- surrounding the hypophysis.
tion, excess in the indulgence of any of the appe- intercell'ular. Between or among cells.
tites, especially in eating and drinking. intercen'tral. Connecting or lying between two or
intem'perant. i One who indulges to excess in the
. more centers.
use of alcoholic beverages. 2. Intemperate. intercer'ebral. Between the hemispheres of the
intem'perate [L. in- neg. + tem.perare, to moderate.] brain.
Immoderate in any indulgence, especially addicted interchondral (in-tur-kon'dral) [L. inter, between,
to the misuse of alcoholic beverages. +
G. chondros, cartilage.] Intercartilaginous.
inten'sity [L. intensus, tight, stretched.] Marked intercil'iimi [L. inter, between, +
cilium, eyelid.]
tension great activity.
; Glabella.
inten'sive. Relating to or marked by intensity; interclavic'ular. Between or connecting the
noting a form of treatment by means of very clavicles.
large doses or of substances possessing great Intercoccygeal (in"tur-kok-sij'I-al). Situated be-
strength or activity. tween unfused segments of the coccyx.
intention (in-ten'shun) [L. iniendere, to stretch out, intercolumnar (in-tur-k6-lum'nar). Between [any
exert.] In surgery, a process or operation. two columns, as the columns or crura of the
healing or union by first i., the immediate healing annulus inguinalis subcutaneus. i. filjcrs,
of a wound without suppuration or the formation intercrural* fibers.
of granulations, healing or union by second i., Intercon'dylar. Intercondylic.
union of two granulating surfaces accompanied intercondyl'ic, intercon'dyloid. Between two con-
by more or less suppuration, healing by third 1., dyles.
the filling of a wound cavity or ulcer by granula- Intercos'tal [L. inter, between, + casta, rib.] Be-
tions, with subsequent cicatrization. tween the ribs.
inter- [L. inter, between.] A
prefix conveying the intercostohumeral (in"tur-kos"to-hu'mer-al). Re-
meaning of between, among. lating to an intercostal space and the arm, noting
interacinar (in-tur-as'!-nar). Interacinous. certain branches of the intercostal nerves supply-
interacinous (in-tur-as'in-us) [L. inter, between, + ing the skin of the arm.
acini.] Between the acini of a gland. intercos"tohumera'Us. See under nervus.
interalve'olar [L. inter, between.] Between any intercris'tal. Between two crests, as between the
alveoli, especially the alveoli of the lungs. crests of the ilia, noting one of the pelvic measure-
interann'ular [L. inter, between, + annulus, ring.] ments.
Between any two ring-like structures or con- intercni'ral. Between two crura in any sense,
strictions. those of the jaw, the brain, the external abdomi-
interartic'ular [L. inter, between, + articulus, joint.] nal ring, etc. interfemoral. i. fi'bers, fibrae inter-
;

L. Between two joints, z. Between two joint crurales [BNA], intercolumnar fibers, horizontal
surfaces, i.e. within the joint. arched fibers passing from Poupart's ligament
interarytenoid (in"tur-4-rit'en-oyd). Between the across the opening of the external abdominal ring.
arytenoid cartilages. intercurr'ent [L. inter, between, +
currere, to run.]
interaster'ic. Between the twoasteria see asterion.
; Intervening, said of a disease attacking a person
interatrial (in-tur-a'tri-al) [L. inter between, + already ill of another malady.
atrium.] Between the atria of the heart. intercuta"neomu'cous. Between skin and mucous
Interauricular (in"tur-aw-rik'u-lar). i. Interatrial. membrane, as in the cheek or lip or at the muco-
2. Between the auricles or pinnas. cutaneous border of the lips or anus.
in'terbody. The substance in normal serum which interdeferential (in-tur-def-er-en'shal). Between
binds the complement to the blood-cells or .bac- the vasa deferentia.
teria, corresponding to the immune body or interden'tal [L. inter, between, + dens(dent-),
amboceptor of a specific serum. tooth.] Between the teeth.
INTERDIGIT SOI INTEROCEPTOR

That part of the sloping

inteidigit (in-tur-dij'it). One of the deciduous incisor teeth of a horse,
extremity of the hand or foot lying between any external to the pincers.
two adjacent fingers or toes. intermediolat'eral. Intermediate, but to one side,
interdigital (in-tur-dij'J-tal). Between the fingers not central, noting a tract of the spinal cord.
or toes. intermedius (in-tur-me'dJ-us) [L. inter, between,
interdigitation (in-tur-dij-I-ta'shun) [L. inter, be- + m^dius, middle.] Intermediate.
tween, + digitus, finger.] i. The mutual inter- intermem'branous. Between membranes,
locking of toothed or tongue-like processes. 2. intermeningeal (in-tur-men-in'je-al). Between the
The processes thus interlocked. 3. In dentistry, meninges.
noting the method by which two different, non- intennen'strual. Between two consecutive men-
cohesive metals are wedged together in a filling. strual periods, i. fe'ver, i. pain, see these words.

interfascic'ular. Between fasciculi. intennetacar'pal. Between the metacarpal bones.

interfem'oral. Between the thighs.
intennetainer'ic. Between two metameres, noting
especially the intervertebral discs.
interference (in-tur-fer'ens) [L. inter, between, -|-
intermetatar'sal. Between the metatarsal bones.
ferire, to strike.] i. The coming together of
intermetatar'seum. See under os.
waves from different sources in such a way that
the crests of one series correspond to the hollows
intermission (in-tur-mish'un). 1. A
temporary ces-
sation of symptoms or of any action. 2. An
of the other, thetwo thus neutralizing each other;
interval between two paroxysms of a disease,
or so that the crests of the two series correspond,
such as malaria.
thus increasing the excursions of the waves.
intermit' [L. intermittere, to leave off.] To cease for
2, Brushing, in the horse.
a time.
interfering (in-tiir-fer'ing). Brushing. intermitt'ence, intennitt'ency. 1. A
condition
interfibriU'ar, interfi'brillary.Between fibrils. marked by intermissions or interruptions in the
interfi'brous. Between fibers. course of a disease or other process or state or in
interfilamen'tous. Between filaments. any continued action; noting especially a loss of
inteifrontal (in-t\ir-frun'tal). Between the unfused one or more pulse beats. 2. The complete cessa-
halves of the frontal bone, noting a suture there tion of symptoms between two periods of activity
present. of a disease.
interganglion'ic. Between or among or connecting intermitt'ent. i. Marked by intervals of complete
ganglia. quietude between two periods of activity. ^.
intergemmal (in'tur-jem'al) [L. inter, between, -|- Intermittent fever.*
gemma, bud.\ Between any two or more bud-like intennus'cular. Between the muscles.
or bulb-like bodies, noting especially a nerve intern, interne (in'tum or in-tum') [F. interne,
termination between two end-bvdbs. inside.] An advanced student or recent graduate
interglob'ular. Between globules, {.spaces, who assists in the medical or surgical care of hos-
Czermak's* spaces. pital patients and who resides within the institu-
Intergliiteal (in-tur-glu'te-al) [L. inter, between, -|-
tion.
glutaus, buttock.] Between the buttocks. inter'nal intemus.] Interior, away from the
[L.
Intergo'nial [L. inter, between, -I- G. gSnia, angle.] surface, med'icine, the branch of medicine
i.

Between the two gonia ; see gonion. which has to do with diseases not amenable to
intergyral (in-tur-ji'ral.) Between the gyri or surgical treatment; medicine as opposed to
convolutions of the brain, surgery.
Interhemicer'ebral. Intercerebral, between the cere- intema'rial. Between the nares or nostrils, inter-
bral hemispheres. nasal.
inte'rior. Relating to the inside, situated within. intema'sal [L. inter, between, -f- nasus, nose.]
Interischiadic (in-tur-is-kl-ad'ic). Between the Intemarial, between the nasal fossae or the nasal
two ischia, especially between the two tuberosities bones.
of the ischia. Internist (in-tur'nist). One who treats internal
interlamell'ar. Between lamellae. diseases; a physician as distinguished from a
interlo'bar. Between the lobes of an organ or surgeon.
other structure. intemo'dal. Between two nodes; relating to an
interlobitis (in"tur-lo-bi'(be') tis). Inflammation intemode.
of the pleura separating two pulmonary lobes. intemode (in'tiu--n6d). That portion of the medul-
[nterlob'ulac. Between the lobules of an organ. lary substance of a nerve-fiber which lies between
Between the malleoli.
intermalle'olar. two nodes of Ranvier; each intemode contains a
Intermam'maiy [L. inter, between, + mamma, nerve-corpuscle, or nerve-nucleus, lying beneath
breast.] Between the breasts. the neurilemma in a depression in the medullary
intennam'millaiy [L. inter, between, -(- mammilla, substance.
breast, nipple.] Between the breasts; between intemuclear (in-tur-nu'kle-ar). i. Between nuclei.
the nipples, noting a line drawn between the two ,2. Between the nuclear layers of the retina.
nipples. inter'nus [L.] Internal.
intermasill'a. Premaxilla, os* incisivum. interoceptive (in"ter-o-sep'tiv) [L. inter, within,
Intermaz'illary. Between the maxillae, or upper + capere, to take.] Relating to the apparatus
jaw-bones. L bone, os incisivum. within the organism capable of receiving
Interme'diaiy [L. intermedins, lying between.] Oc- stimuli.
curring between, i. body, immune body. i. interoceptor (in"ter-o-sep'tor) [L. inter, within.]
nerve, nerve of Wrisberg. i. systems, the osseous One of the peripheral end-organs of the afferent
tissue in the interspaces between the Haversian nerves, which respond to stimulation by internal
systems. (chiefly visceral) processes, gen'eral i., one
intenne'diate [L. intermediare, to come between.] of the end-organs mediating the sensations of
X. Between two extremes, interposed, intervening. hunger, thirst, nausea, respiratory, circulatory,
2. In dentistry, a non-conducting material em- and sexual sensations, visceral pain, etc. spec'ial
ployed as a capping under a nuetallic filling. 3. i., one of the end-organs for taste and smell.
 . .

INTEROL 502 INTESTINE

in'terol. Trade name of a mineral oil preparation intersystole (in"tur-sis'to-le). IntersystoUc period,
employed as an intestinal lubricant. the a.-c. interval,* the period intervening between
interol'lvary. Between the olivary bodies, the systole of the atrivun and that of the ventricle
interor'bital. Between the orbits. of the heart.
inteross'eal. Interosseous. intertar'sal. Between the tarsal bones.
interossei (in-tur-os'e-i). Plural of interosseus, intertinctus (in-tur-tink'tus) [L. inter, between, +
which see under musculus. tinclus, tinged.] Differentially colored, noting
inteross'eous [L. inter, between, + os, bone ] Lying certain skin lesions.
between 01 connecting bones, noting certain intertransversa'lis. Intertransversarius [BNA]; see
muscles and ligaments. under musculus.
inteross'eus. See under musculus intertransverse (in"tur-tranz-vurs'). Between the
interparietal (in"tur-pa-ri'e-tal) [L. inter, between, transverse processes of the vertebrae.
+ paries(pariet-), wall.] Between the walls of a intertrigo (in-tur-tri'go) [L. inter, between, ierere, to
part, or between the parietal bones, i, bone, os rub.] Dermatitis occurring between two folds of
interparietale. the skin, as between the buttocks, between the
interparoxys'mal. Occurring between successive scrotum and the thigh, etc.
paroxysms of a disease. intertrochanteric (in"tur-tro-kan-ter'ik). Between
interpedunc'ular. Between any two peduncles. the two trochanters of the femur.
interphalangeal (in"tiu--fal-an'je-al). Between two intertu'bular. Between or among tubules.
phalanges, noting the joints of the fingers or interure'teral. Between the two ureters.
toes. interureter'ic. Interureteral.
interphyletic (in-tur-fi-let'ik) [L. inter, between, + in'terval [L. inter, between, + vallum, wall.] A
phyletic] Noting the transitional forms between time or space between two periods or objects; a
two kinds of cells during the course of metaplasia. break in a current or the course of a disease; a
interpi'al. In the pia mater. period of rest between two of activity. a.-c. i.,
interpo'lar Connecting or lying between the two auriculocarot'id i., atriocaxot'id i., the time between
poles, as of a ga vanic battery. the beginning of the auricular and that of the
interpositum (in-tur-poz'i-ttmi). See under velum. carotid waves in a tracing of the jugular pulse;
interproximal (in-tur-proks'i-mal) In dentistry,
. the intersystolic period, c.-a. i., cardioarte'rial i.,
between the adjoining surfaces of two teeth, the time between the apex beat of the heart and
interproximate. i. space, the triangular spafe the radial pulse beat, passive i., the period of
between two adjacent teeth, divided into the rest of the heart, presphyg'mic i. [L. pr(B, before,
buccal and lingual embrasures and the septal + G. sphygmos, pulse], the brief period at the be-
space (normally filled with the gingival septum) ginning of the ventricvdar systole during which the
interproz'imate. Interproximal. pressure is rising before the semilunar valves open.
interpu'bic. Between the two pubic bones interventric'ular. Between the ventricles.
interra'died. Situated between radii or rays. intervertebral (in-tur-vur'te-bral). Between two
interre'nal. Between the two kidneys, i. bod'y, vertebrae. i. disc, cartilago intervertebralis.
the cortical portion of the adrenal gland in cer- i. foram'ina, passages formed by the coincidence
tain fishes in which it is anatomically distinct two notches of contiguous vertebrae.
of
from the medullary portion. intervill'ous. Between or among villi.
interrupt (in-ter-rupf) [L. inter, between, + intestinal (in-tes'tl-nal). Relating to the intestine.
rumpere, to break.] To break the continuity i. juice, succus entericus, an alkaline straw-colored

of anything, as of an electric current. fluid secreted by the crypts of Lieberkuhn and

interrup'ted. Intermittent, not continuous. the simple follicles its function is to complete the
;

interrup'ter. An appliance for repeatedly breaking hydrolysis of carbohydrates and change them into
a galvanic current. invert sugar by means of the contained invertase
interssep'tum, intersep'tum [L.] The diaphragm. and m,altase, and to complete, the hydrolysis of
interscapil'ium [L.] Interscapulum. protein by means of erepsin; it contains also
interscap'ular. Between the scapulae. enterokinase which is believed to convert the
interscap'ulum. The part of the back between the trypsinogen of the pancreatic juice into trypsin.
.

shoulders, or that between the scapula. intestine (in-tes'tin) [L. intestinum.'] The' digest-
intersciatic (in"tur-si-at'ik). Interischiadic. . ive tube .
passing from the stomach to the
inteisegmen'tal. Between two segments, such as anus. It is divided primarily into, the' sm^ll i.
metameres or myotomes. (intestinum tenue) and the large i. (intestinum
intersep'tal. Lying between two septa. crassum) the small i. is further divided arbitrar-
;

in'terspace [L. inter, between, + spatium, space.] ily into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; the large
Any space between two similar objects, such as a i. is divided into cecum and appendix,
ascending,
costal interspace or interval between two ribs. transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, and
diner'ic i., the surface separating two liquid rectum. The duodenum is separated from the
phases.* stomach by the pylorus or pyloric valve, and the
interspi'nal. Between two spines, such as the ileum is separated from the cecum by the ileocecal
spinous processes of the vertebrae, interspinous. valve, valvula* coli (BNA].
interspina'lis. See under musculus.
Interepi'nous. Interspinal. artificial opening into, enteroproctia, artificial
anus,
inter'stice [L. interstitium.] A
small space, gap, or enterostomy, colostomy, attachment to abdominal
wall, enteropexy. calculus, enterolith, enterolite,
hole in the substance of an organ or tissue. coprolith, coprolite, bezoar. congestion, enteiemia.
interstitial (in-tur-stish'al). Relating to spaces or dilatation, enterectasia. disease, enteropathy, enter-
interstices in any structure, i. cells, the cells of
osis. downward displacement, enteroptosia, splanch-
noptosia, visceroptosia, gaseous distention, enter-
the connective tissue of the seminiferous tubules opneumatosis, tympanites, meteorism, flatulence,
and of the septa of the testis (Ley dig's cells), ohysocelia. gout, enteragra. hemor-hage, entero-
or of the connective tissue of the ovary, which t
-lemorrhage, enterorrhagia, enteromenja (vicarious
menstruation) melena, apoplexia intestinalis. hernia,
are believed to elaborate the internal secretion
,

enterocele, enteroepiolocele (with omentum), entero-

of these glands, i. tissue, connective tissue. cystocele (with bladder), enteromerocele (femoral)
 .. , ,

INTESTINE S03 INTRAGYRAL

incision into, enterotomy, duodenotomy, jejunotomy, intrabronchial (in-trah-bron'kl-al). Within the

ileotomy, appendico^omy ,cecotomy or typhlotomy, col- bronchi or bronchial tubes.
otomy reototomy or proctotomy, inflammation, enter-
,

itis, esoenteritis, duodenitis, jejunitis, ileitis, typhlitis,

intrabucc'al [L. intra, within, +
bucca, cheek.]
cecitis, appendicitis, colitis, sigmoiditis, proctitis, Within the mouth; in the substance of the
rectitis, enteromycodermitis, enteromucitis, entero-
joining
cheek.
peritonitis. invagination, intussusception.
two parts, enteroanastomosis, enteroplexy, enter- intracanalic'ular. Within a canaliculus or canaliculi.
orrhaphy. movements of, peristalsis; reversed, anti- intracap'sular. Within a capsule, especially the
peristalsis; absence, aperistalsis; normal, euperistalsis;
enteiospasm. ^ noise
capsule of a joint, i. fracture, fracture of the neck
abnormal, dysperistalsis, in,
borborygmus, bombus, vagitus. obstruction, enter- of the femur within the capsule of the hip- joint.
emphraxis, enterocle'sis, enteroperistole, ileus, volvu- intracar'diac [L. intra, within, -f- G. kardia, heart,]
lus, pain, colic, enteralgia, enterodynia, tormina.
Endocardiac, intracordial.
paralysis, enteropaialysis, enteroparesis, enteroplegia.
parasite in, enterozoon, helminth, enterohemiinth intracar'pal. Within the carpus, among the carpal
(animal) enteromyces (vegetable)
, perforation, enter-
. bones. 2. On the inner side of the carpus.
obrosia. plastic operation, enteroplasty. pouch of, intracartilaginous (in"trah-kar-tl-laj'in-us). Within
diverticulum, prolapse, hedrocele, proctocele, punc-
ture, enterocentesis. removal of, devisceration, exen- a cartilage or cartilaginous tissue.
teration, softening, enteromalacia. stricture, enter- intrace'lial, intracce'lial [L. intra, within, -t- G.
ostenosis. traumatic division, enterodialysis. tumor,
koilia, cavity.] Within any of the body cavities,
enteroncus. ulceration, enterelcosis, enterohelcosis.
vicarious menstruation by, enteromenia. especially within one of the ventricles of the brain;
endoceliac.
intestinotoz'in, Enterotoxin. intracell'ular. Within a cell or cells.
intesti'num, pi. iniesti'na, gen. intestino'rum [L. in"tracerebell'ar. Within the cerebellum.
en trail.] ^ 1 . Intestine. 2. [Neuter of intes- intracer'ebral. Within the cerebrum.
tinus.] Inward, cse'cum
inner, [BNA],
i. intracer'vical. Within any cervix or cervical canal,
blind gut; see cecum, i. cras'sum [L. crassus, as of the uterus.
thick] [BNA], the large intestine, the portion of intracol'ic. Within the colon.
the digestive tube extending from the ileocecal intracor'dial [L. intra, within, + cor^cord-), heart.]
valve to the anus, it comprises the cecum, colon, Endocardiac, within one of the chambers of the
sigmoid colon, and rectum, i. il'eum [BNA], heart.
twisted intestine, see ileum, i. jeju'num intracorporeal (in'trah-kor-por'e-al). 1. Within the
[BNA], empty intestine, see jejunum, i. rec'- body. 2. Within any structure anatomically
tum [BNA], straight, intestine, see rectum, i. styled a corpus.
ten'ue [BNA], small intestine, the portion of the intracorpus'cular. Within a corpuscle, especially a
digestive tube between .the stomach and the red blood-corpuscle.
cecum or beginning of the large intestine, it intracos'tal. On the inner surface of the ribs, noting
consists of three portions, duodenum, jejunum, an internal intercostal muscle.
and ileum, i. ten'ue mesenteria'le [BNA], the intracra'nial. Within the skull.
freelympvable portion of the small intestine intracrurseus, intracrureus (in-trah-kru-re'us). The
supplied with a mesentery, comprising the inner part of the crureus muscle, musculus* vas-
, jejunum and ileum. tus intermedius.
intima (in'tl-mah) intimus, inmost.]
[L. fem. of intracuta'neous. Within the substance of the
The tunica intima, or inner coat of a blood-vessel. - skin. i. reac'tiop, a tuberculous cutireaction fol-

in'timal. Relating to the intima or inner coat of a lowing the injection into the substance 6i the skin
blood-vessel of a very minute quantity of tuberculin.
intimitis (in-tl-mi'(me')tis). Inflammation of an intracys'tic. Within, a cyst or a bla,4der.
intima, endoangiitis (endoarteritis, endophlebitis). in'trad. Toward the inner part. , , ,

jntine (in'tin) [L. inius, within.] In botany, the ihtrader'mal, intrader'mic [L. intra,, within, G. +
endosporium or inner coat of,a pollen grain. derma, skin.] Intracutaneous. .

in'toe. Hallux valgus. intradu'ral. Within or enclosed by the dura mater.

intol'erance [L. in- neg. -t- tolerare, to, bear.] Inca- intraepiphyseal (in"trah-ep-!(-fiz'e-al). Within the ,

pacity for bearing or enduring. epiphysis of a long bone. ..., ,

intortion (in-tor'shun) [L. iniorius; in, in, -1- tqr- intraepithelial (in"trah-ep-I-the'U-al). Within •
,
or,
quere, to twist.] A
turning or deviating inward. among the epithelial cells, interepithelial.
intoxation "(in-toks-a'shun) . Poisoning, especially intrafaradlza'tion. The application of a faradic . .

by the toxic products of bacteria or poisonous current to the inner surface of a cayity or hollow ;

animals, other than alcohol. organ.

intozica'tion [L. in, in, + G. ioxicon, poison.] 1. intraiasoic'ular. Within the fasciculi of a tissue or
.

Poisoning. 2. Acute alcoholism, drunkenness. structure. ,, .

acid i., poisoning by acid products (beta-oxybu- intrafebrile (in-trah-fe'brll, in-trahrfeb'ril). During
tyric acid, diacetic acid, or acetone), formed in the theiebrile stage of a disease, intrapyretic.
organism as a result of faulty metabolism, or, by intrafi'lar [intra, within, -I- filuffi, thread.] Lying .

acids introduced from without. within the meshes of a network.

intra- [L. within.] A
prefix denoting within, inside. intragalyaniza'tion. The application of a galvanic
intra-abdom'inal. Within the abdomen. current to the interior of a cavity or hollow organ.
intra-acinous (in-trah-as'in-us). Within an acinus. intragas'tric. Within the stomach
iutra-arachnoid (in-trah-ar-ak'noyd). Within or intragemmal (in"trah-jem'al) [L. intra, within, -I-
enclosed by the arachnoid membrane. gemma, bud.] Within any bud-like or bulb-
intra-arte'rial. Within an artery or the arteries. like body, noting especially a nerve termination
intra-artic'ular [L. intra, within, -I- articulus, joint.] within an end-bulb.
Within the cavity of a joint. intraglan'dular. Within a gland or glandtilar tissue.
intra-a'trial. Within one of the atria of the heart, intraglob'ular [L. intra, within, -I- globulus, globule.]
intra-auricular. Within a globule in any sense; specifically intro-
intra-aural (in'trah-aVral). Within the ear. corpuscular, within a red blood-corpuscle.
intra-auric'ular. Within one of the auricles of the intragyral (in"trah-ji'ral). Within a gryus or con-
heart, intra-atrial. volution of the brain.
INTRAHEPATIC S04
INTROVERSION

intrahepat'ic. Within the liver. intraret'inal. Within the retina.

intrahyoid (in-trah-hi'oyd). Within the hyoid intrarrhachidian (in"trah-ra-kid'I-an) [L. intra,
bone, noting certain accessory thyroid glands within, + G. rhachis, spine.] Intraspinal.
which lie in the hollow or within the substance of intrascro'tal. Within the scrotum.
the hyoid bone. intraspi'nal. Within the spinal canal or spinal cord.
intralaiyn'geal. Within the larynx. intrastro'mal. Within the stroma or foimdation
intraligamen'tous. Within a ligament, especially substance of myorgan or part.
the broad ligament of the uterus. intrasynovial (in-trah-si-no'vl-al). Within the syn-
intralo'bar. Within a lobe of a y organ or other ovial sac of a joint.
structure. intratar'sal. 1. Within the tarsus, among the tar-
intralob'ulat. Within a lobule, noting especially sal bones. 2. On the inner side of the tarsus.
the veins within the lobules of the liver. intrathe'nar. Between the thenar and hypothenar
intraloc'ular. Within the loculi of any structure or eminences, noting the depression there.
part. intrathoracic (in"trah-tho-ras'ik). Within the cavity
intramastoiditis (in"trah-inas"toy-di'(de')tis). En- of the chest.
domastoiditis. intraton'sillar. Within the substance of a tonsil.
intratned'ullaxy. Within the bone marrow; within intratu'bal. Within any tube.
the spinal cord; within the medulla oblongata intratu'bular. Within any tubule.
intramem'branous. Within, or between the layers intratympan'ic. Within the tympanum, or middle
of, a membrane. ear.
intrameningeat (in"trah-men-in'je-al). Within or en- intrauterine (in"trah-u'ter-in). Within the uterus.
closed by the meninges of the brain or spinal intravas'cular. Within the blood-vessels or lym-
cord. phatics.
intramine (in-tram'en) Trade name of a synthet-
. intrave'nous. Within a vein or veins.
ic preparation, diortho-amino-thiobenzene, em- intraventric'ular. Within a ventricle of the brain
ployed in the treatment of syphilis as a substi- or heart.
tute for salvarsan. intraves'ical. Within the bladder, especially the
intramu'ral. Within the wall of any cavity or luinary bladder.
hollow organ intravital During life.
(in-trah-vi'tal).
intramus'cular. Within the substance of a muscle. intra vi'tam [L. vita, During life.
life.]
intramyocar'dial. Within the myocardiiim or wall intravitelline (in"trah-vi'tel-in). Within the vitellus
of the heart. or yolk of an ovum.
intrana'sal. Within the nasal cavity. intravifreous. Within the vitreous humor.
intrana'tal [L. intra, within, -I- natalis relating to intrin'sic [L. intrinsecus, on the inside.] Inherent;
birth.] During or at the time of birth. belonging entirely to a part noting those muscles
,

intraneural (in-trah-nu'ral) [L. intra, within, G. + of the extremities whose origin and insertion are
neuron, nervt.] Within a nerve. both in the same limb, distinguished from the
intranuclear (in"trah-nu'kle-ar) Within the nucleus
. extrinsic muscles which have their origin in some
of a cell. part of the trunk outside of the pelvic or shoulder
intraoc'ular. Within the eyeball. girdle noting also the ciliary muscle, as distin-
;

intnior'al [L. os(pr-), mouth.] Within the mouth. guished from the recti and other orbital muscles
Intraor'bital. Within the orbit. which are on the eyeball.
intraosseous (in-trah-os'se-us) [L. intra, within, + Intro- [L. intra, into.] A prefix noting in or into.
OS, bone.] Within the substance of a bone. introdu'cer [L. intra, into, +
ducere, to lead.] Intu-
intraos'teal [L. intra, within, + G. osteon, bone.] bator, an instrument for introducing the tube in
Endosteal, intraosseous. the operation of intubation of the larynx.
IntraOTa'rian. Within the ovary. introgas'tilc [L. intra, into, + G. gaster, belly,
intraparietal (in-trah-p4-ri'e-tal) [L. intra, within, + stomach.] Leading or passed into the stomach.
paries (pariet-), wall.] 1. Intramural, a. With- introflec'tlon, introflez'ion [L. intra, in, -t- fiecUre, to
in the parietal lobe of the cerebrum. bend.] A bending inward.
intrapar'tum [L. partus, childbirth.] During deliv- entrance.] The entrance into a canal
Intro'itiis [L.
ery or childbirth. or hollow organ, as the vagina, i. esoph'agi, the
intrapel'Tic. Within the pelvis. gastric extremity of the esophagus
Intrapericar'diac, intraperica 'dial. Endopericardiac introjection (in-tro-jek'shun) [L. intra, into, -f-
In'trapcTiton'eal. Within the peritoneal cavity. jacere, to throw.] The appropriation of an ex-
intraphyletic (in-trah-fi-let'ik) [L. intra, within, -t- ternal happening and its assimilation by the
phyletic] Noting morphological changes occur- personality, making it a part of the self.
ring during the growth and development of a Intromiss on (in-tro-mish'un). Insertion.
cell. intromitt'ent [L. intra, into, +
mittere, to send.]
intrapi'al [L. t'»<ro, within, + pia(maier).] Within Conveying or sending into a body or cavity, i.
the pia mater. organ, the male sexual organ which conveys the
Intrapleural (in-trah-plu'ral). Within the pleura. seminal fluid into the body of the female penis. ;

intrapo'lar. Interpolar. introspec'tion [L. intra, into, -I- spicere, to look.]

Intrapon'tlne. Within the pons Varolii. Looking inward, contemplating one's own mental
intraprostat'ic. Within the prostate gland. processes.
in"traprotoplas'mic. Within the protoplasm of a Introspec'tlve. Relating to introspection, i. meth'-
cell. od, in psychology, the study of mental phenom-
intrapul'monary. Within the lungs. ena by contemplating the processes in one's
intrapyret'ic [L. intra, within, + pyretos, feverish.] own mind.
Intrafebrile, during the febrile stage of a introsusception (in-tro-sus-sep'shun). Intussus-
disease. ception.
jntrarec'tal. Within the rectum. introversion (in-tro-vur'shun) fL. intra, within, +
intrare'nal [L. intra, within, -I- ren, kidney.] Within vertere, to turn.] i. The turning of one part
the kidney. within another, invagination. 2. The with-
INTROVERSION SOS IN VITRO

drawal of interest from the outer world and in'ula (N.P.). Elecampane, elf -dock, wild sun-
its concentration upon the inner self and one's flower, the root of Inula helenium; diuretic, dia-
own thoughts. phoretic, expectorant, emmenagogue in doses of
[ntrovert'. To invaginate, to pass one part within gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0).
another. inulain (in-u'lah-in). A dry preparation from
intubate (in-tu-bat) [L. in, in, + tuba, tube.] inula, employed
in doses of gr. 2—5 (o. 13-0.3)
To insert a tube into any part, specifically to in'ulase. A
fennent acting upon inulin changing
perform intubation of the larynx. it into levulose.
intubation (in-tu-ba'shun). The insertion of a In'ulin. A
polysaccharid, obtained as a tasteless,
tube into any canal or other part. Specifically, white, hygroscopic powder from the tubers and
O'Dwyer's method, roots of inula, or elecampane, and a number of
Bouchut's method, the other plants alantin.;

passage of a specially In'ulol. Alantol.

constructed tube be- inunc'tion [L. in, in, +
ungere, to smear.] Anoint-
tween the vocal cords ing, the administration of a drug in ointment
to relieve stenosis due form applied with rubbing.
to the formation of a inunctum (in-unk'tum) [L. inungere, to anoint.]
diphtheritic mem- Inunction, an ointment with lanolin as a men-
brane, to edema, or to struum, to be applied with the purpose of causing
cicatricial contraction. absorption of the active ingredient, i. mentho'-
intuba'tionlst. One who lis (N.F.), menthol inunction, contains menthol,
is skilled in the perfor- S, hydrous wool fat, 95. i. mentho'lis compos'-
mance of intubation of itum (N.F.), compound menthol inunction, con-
the larynx. tains menthol, 5, methyl salicylate, 10, and
in'tubatOT. An instru- hydrous wool fat, 85.
ment for use in intro- inus'tion [L. in, in, 4- urere, to bum.] The applica-
ducing a tube into the O'Dwybr's Tubes for In- tion of the actual cautery.
larynx, introducer. tubation op the Larynx. in u'tero. Within the womb not yet bom. ;

intumesce (in tu-mes') [L intumescere, to swell up.] invaccina'tion. Accidental inoculation of some
To swell up, enlarge. disease, such as syphilis, during vaccination.
intumescence [in'tu-mes'ens) [L. iniumescentia.] invaginate (in-vaj'in-at) [L. in, in, vagina, a +
1. Aswelling, a prominence. 2. The process sheath.] To ensheathe, introvert, insert one
of enlarging or swelling. part within another part of the same thing,
intumescent (in-tu-mes'ent). Enlarging, swelling; inyagina'tion. The process of invaginating or of
becoming enlarged or swollen. passing one part within another part of the same
intumescentia (in-tu-mes-sen'shyah) [L.] Intu- thing, or the state of being invaginated intus-
. ;

mescence, swelling, enlargement, i. cervica'lis susception.

[BNA], cervical enlargement (of the spinal cord), In'valid [L. in- neg. +
validus strong.] ±. Weak,
a spindle-shaped swelling of the spinal cord ex- sick. 2. An infirm or sickly person; one sxifiering
tending from the medulla to the second thoracic from a. chronic but not wholly disabling ailment.
vertebra, with maximum thickness opposite the inva'sion [L. invaders, to attack.] The beginning or
fifth or sixth cervical vertebra, i. gangliofor'mis incursion of a disease
ganglion geniculi [BNA], i. lumba'lis [BNA], invermina'tion [L. in, in, vermis, worm.]+ Hel-
lumbar enlargement (of the spinal cord), a minthiasis.
spindle-shaped swelling of the cord beginning at inversion (in-vur'shun) [L. invertere, to turn about.]
the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra and I. A
turning inward, upside down, or in any direc-
tapering into the conus meduUaris, with maxi- tion contrary to the existing one. 2. The con-
mum thickness opposite the last thoracic verte- version of a disaccharid or polysaccharid by hydro-
bra, i. tympan'ica [BNA], tympanic intumes- lysis into a monosaccharid. 3. Homosexuality.
cence, a swelling, not ganglionic, on the tym- in'vert. A
homosexual person.
panic branch of the glossopharyngeus nerve; it invertase (in'vur-taz). A
sugar-splitting enzyme in
is regarded as possibly similar to the carotid the small intestine which converts cane-sugar into
glomus. dextrose and levulose (invert-sugar).
intussusception (in"tii-sus-sep'shun) [L. intus, with- Invertebra'ta. One of the divisions of the animal
in, 4- suscipere, to take up.] Invagination; the kingdom containing all those without a spinal
-

infolding of one segment of the intestine within column.

another segment, colic i., the ensheathing of inver'tebrate [L in- neg.] 1. Not possessed of a

one portion of the colon into another, il'eal i., spinal, or vertebral, column, z. An animal of
a form in which one portion of the ileum is en- the division Invertehrc ta.
sheathed in another portion of the same division in'vertin. A ferment produced by yeast which
of the bowel ileoce'cal i., a form in which the converts cane-sugar into invert-sugar.
lower segment of thfe ileum passes through the invert'or. i. A muscle which turns a, part, such

valve of the colon into the cecum, ileocolic, as the foot, inward; inward rotator, 2. Commu-
a form in which the lower portion of the ileum tator(i).
with the valve of the colon passes into the in'vertose. Invert-sugar.
ascending colon, ret'rograde i., the invagina- in'vert-sugar, A
supposed mixture of dextrose
tion of a lower segment of the bowel into one just and levulose, a levorotatory saccharine sub-
above. stance forming the chief part of honey.
intussusceptum (in"tus-sus-sep'tum). The inner invet'erate [L. inveierare, to become old.] Chronic,
segment in an intussusception, that part of the long-seated, firmly established; said of a disease
bowel which is received within the other part. or of confirmed habits,
intussuscipiens (in"tus-Sus-sip'i-enz). The portion in vit'ro [L. in glass.] In the test-tube, referring
of the bowel, in intussusception, which receives to chemical reactions, fermentation, etc., occur-
the other portion. ring therein.
IN VIVO 506 lODOFORMOGI

in -ri'vo [L. in the living being.] In the living body, iodim'etry [L. iodum, iodine, -I- G. meiron, measu:
referring to vital chemical processes, etc., as dis- The determination of the amount of iodine in £
tinguished from those occurring in the test-tube. compound.
invol'ucel [L. involucellum, dim. of involucrum.] A i'odlne (i'o-din, i'o-din). Iodum. i. erup'tion,
secondary involucre surrounding the base of each acneform or other eruption caused by the
flower in an involucrate flower cluster, tion of, iodine taken internally, a form of di
involu'crate. In botany, noting a flower which has eruption; iododerma.
an involucre. iodinophil, iodinophile (i-o-din'o-fil, i-o-din'o-
Involucre (in'vo-lu-ker) [L. involucrum; involvere, to [iodine +
G. philos, fond.] i. Staining read
roll up.] I. An enveloping membrane, a sheath with iodine. 2. Any histological element wh:
or sac. 2. A whorl of leafy bracts subtending a stainsreadily with iodine.
'

flower cluster. iodinoph^ilous. lodinophil(i).

involu'cnun [L. involvere, to wrap up.] Involucre. iodip'alin. Trade name of a mixture of iodine am
invol'untary [L. in-neg. + voluntas, wVLX.'] 1. Inde- fixed oil, employed as a substitute for the iodid
pendent of the will, not volitional. 2. Contrary iod'ipiii. Trade name of a preparation obtair '

to the will. i. muscles, muscles not under con- by the action of iodine chloride on sesame 1

trol of the will except in the case of the heart,

; emplbyed as a substitute for the iodides in syph
they are non-striated muscles. and 'glandular tuberculosis it is a yellow ;

involu'tion [L. involvere, to roll up.] i. The return liquid occurring in. two strengths, containing
of an enlarged organ, as the puerperal uterus, to and 23 per cent, of iodine; dose of the fom
normal size. 2. The retrograde vital processes 31-3 (4.0-12.0), of the latter (hypodermical
incident to old age. i, of the uterus, the process 3J-1J (2.0-6.0). A solid form of iodipin,
of reduction of the uterus to its normal non-preg- 10 per cent, strength, is also employed in doses
nant size following childbirth, senile i., the go. 30-45 (2 . 0-3 .0). i. test, Heichelheim's test
shrinking of the organs and tissues occurring the motility of the stomach a capsule contain! :

normally in old age. iodipin is swallowed and then the saliva is test
involu'tion-form. The abnormal development as- at regular intervals for iodine; as iodipin is act
sumed at times by a microorganism cultivated upon only by the intestinal juices," and not by t
under unfavorable surroundings. gastric, the time of the appearance of iodine
iocamf en (i-o-kam'fen) [iodine -j- camphor + the saliva is an. indication of the rapidity of t
phenol.] Trade name of a reddish brown tritura- passage of the substance through the stomach.
tion product of iodine, camphor, and phenol, i'odism. Poisoning by' iodine, a condition mark
containing 10 per cent, of iodine. by severe coryza, an acneform eruption, weakne
iodacetanilide (i-o-das-e-tan'i-lid). lodantifebrin, salivation, and a foul breath, caused by the cc
obtained by the action of iodine chloride on ace- tinuous administration of iodine or one of t
,

tanilide said to be analgesic and antipyretic.

; iodides.
iodagol (i'o-d3,-gol). Trade name of a prepara- lod'ival. Trade name of a compound of iodine wi
tion of colloidal iodine for external use. urea and valerianic acid, employed as a substitt
iodalbacide (i-o-dal'ba-sid). A yellowish powder for the iodides.
containing 10 per cent, of iodine; employed as an i'odize. i. To treat with iodine. 2. To imprt
alterative and antisyphilitic in doses of gr. 1 5 (i o). . nate with iodine.
iodal'bin. Trade name of a compound of iodine and i"odoalbu'min. A compound of an albumin a:
albumin, employed as a substitute for the iodides iodine, employed in goiter and glandular enlarj
in doses of gr. 5-7-^ (0.3-0.5). ments.
i'odalose. Trade name of a preparation of iodine iodoam'ylum. lodamylum.
combined with peptone, employed as a substi- iodocaffeine (i-o-do-kaf'e-en). Caffeine-sodiu
tute for the iodides. iodide, a white powder employed in the tre;
iodam'ylum. A
compound of starch and iodine, mentof valvular diseases of the heart in doses
employed as an antiseptic dusting powder. 5-8 (0.3-0.5).
gr.
i'odan. Trade name of a solution of iodine in iodocasein (i-o-do-ka'se-in). A yellowish compou
goose-grease, employed as a substitute for the of casein and iodine, employed as a dusti
iodides. powder in place of iodoform.
lodan'isol. Anisol orthoiodide, employed as an iod'ocol. A
compound of guaiacol and iodi
antiseptic and counterirritaht. recommended in tuberculosis.
lodantifeb'rin, Iodacetanilide. iodocre'sol. Traumatol.
iodantipy'rine. lodopyrine. iod'ocrol. Carvacrol iodide.
i'odate. A
salt of iodic acid. iododer'ma. Any iodine* eruption.
iodcasein (i-od-ka'se-in). A
yellowish insoluble io'dofan. A reddish-yellow powder, an additi
powder, a compound of iodine and casein, em- product of formaldehyde and iododioxybenzei
ployed as a substitute for iodoform. employed as a substitute for iodoform.
iodeol (i'o-de-ol) . Trade name of a preparation of io'doform. lodoformum. i. albu'minate, iodofc
colloidal iodine for internal and intramuscular mogen. naph'thalin i., pulvis iodoformi coi
use. positus (N.P.).
iodglidine (i-od-gli'den). lodoglidine. iodofor'magen. lodoformogen.
lod'ic. Relating to, or caused by, iodine or an iodofor'mal. Trade name of a yellowish powc
iodide, as iodic acne. i. acid, acidum iodicum, obtained by the action of ethyl iodide on ioc
HIO,, sometimes employed as a substitute for formin employed as a substitute for iodoform
;

potassium iodide; an injection of 111130 (2.0) of io"doformalbu'min. lodoformogen.

a 2 per cent, solution is used in goiter and glandu- iodofor'min. Hexamethylene tetramine iodofor
lar swellings. io'dofonnism. Poisoning by iodoform.
i'odide. A compound of iodine with another ele- io'doformize. i. To treat with iodoform, n.
'

ment ; specifically a compound with potassium or impregnate with iodoform.

sodium, the two being called collectively the iodoform'ogen. Iodoform albuminate, trade nai
iodides. of a mixture of iodoform and albumin, occurri
 .

lODOFORMOGEN S°7 ION

as a fine yellow powder; employed as a dusting iodopy'rine. A substance obtained by mixing iodine
powder for wounds, in contact with which it and antipyrine in alcoholic solution, occurs in
gradiially liberates iodoform. prismatic crystals; recommended in asthma and
iodofor'miun [iodine' + formyl.'] (U.S., Br.) tertiary syphilis in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3).
Iodoform, triiodomethane, formyl teriodide, fodose'rum. Trade name of a preparation of
CHIj; a lemon-yellow crystalline powder of iodine with blood-serum, employed as a substi-
strong disagreeable odor, obtained by the action tute for the iodides.
of iodine upon Various alcohols and other Sub- iodostarin (i"o-do-star'in). Trade name of a
stances in the presence of an alkaline solution; preparation of iodine in organic combination,
employed as an antiseptic dusting powder to
' recommended as a substitute for iodoform than
wounds and syphilitic sores and as a local which it is less toxic.
alterative in uterine affections, and internally in i'odosyl. A red powder employed as a substitute
gastric catarrh in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06—0. 2). i. for iodbform in powder or ointment.
aiomatisa'tum (N.F.), aromatized or deodorized iodotan'nic acid. lodotannin.
iodoform; cumarin 4, iodoform 96. i. bitumiha'- iodotan'nln. lodotannic acid, prepared by adding
tum, a. mixture of iodoform and' tar, the latter iodine to an. alcoholic solution of tannin a dark
;

being added to mask the odor. brown liquid which has been employed as an
iodogal'licin. Bismuth oxyiodo-methyl-gallol, a injection in gonorrhea in i to 2 per cent, solu-
dark gray powder employed as a substitute for tion.
iodoform. iodotan'nol. Trade name of a mixture of iodine and
iodogenol (i-o-doj'en-ol). Trade name of a com- tannin recommended as a substitute for iodoform.
pijund of iodine and peptone, ernployed as a sub- iodoter'pin, A compound Of iodine and terpin, a
stitute for the iodides. dark brown liquid employed as a substitute for
iodogli'dine. Trade name of a compound of iodine tincture of iodine and, dried with kaolin, as a
with a vegetable albumin, em.ployed as a substi- dusting-powder in place of iodoform".
tute for the iodides. iodotheine (i"c!-do-the'en). A compound of iodine
iodohe'mol. A compound of hemol with iodine, and theine; similar in action and uses to iodo-
"difeurring as a brown powder; employed in caffeine.
syphilis and other conditions in which an iodine iodotheobro'mlne. A compoiuid of iodine and theo-
effect is desired, in doses of gr. 3-s (o 2-0 3).
.
.
bromine, similar in action and uses to iodocaffeine.
iodohy'dric. Hydribdic. iodothy'mofonn. A yellow, insoluble powder ob-
i'odol, iodo'lum. Tetraiodopyrrol, pyrrol tetra- tained by the action of iodine on thymoform; a
iodide, C4I4NH; a substitution derivative of pyr- substitute for iodoform.
rol, a light grayish brown powder, insoluble in iodothy'mol. Thymolis* iodidum.
water, employed as a substitute for iodoform, iodothy'rin. Thyroiodine; a light yellowish pow-
and given internally in the treatment of syphilis der prepared by triturating sugar of milk with an
and diabetes in doses of gr. 2-5 (o 13-0 3).
.
.
extract of the thyroid gland; dose, gr. 5-30
io'dolen. Trade name of a compound of iodine and (o 3-2 o) according .to age.
. .

albumin, used as a substitute for iodoform. iodotone (i'o-do-ton). Trade name of a liquid iodine
io'dolin, i. lodolen. 2. An iodine compound of preparation, recommended when iodine is indi-
quinoline, employed as a substitute for iodoform. cated, in doses of Si-" (4 0-8 o).
iodomaisin (i-o-do-ma'sin). Trade name of a com- i'odOTal. Trade name of a preparation of iodine,
pound of iodine with a gluten from maize, em- alpha-mono-iodisovalerylurea, employed as a
ployed as a substitute for the iodides. substitute for the iodides.
iodomethane (i-o-do-meth'an). Methyl iodide. iodter'pin. lodoterpin.
i'odomuth. Trade name of an iodine compound of io'dum, gen. io'di[G. iodes, like a violet.] (U.S., Br.)
bismuth; antiseptic and alterative in doses of Iodine, a non-metallic chemical element, symbol
gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). I, atomic weight 126.92; occurs in lustrous, scaly,

iodonaph'thol. Naphthol-aristol, a yellowish green, bluish black crystals, soluble in 60 parts glycerin
tasteless, odorless powder; used, like aristol, as a but only in 5000 parts distilled water. Employed
substitute for iodoform. externally as a counterirritant and internally as
iodone (i'o-don). Commercial name of the periodide an alterative, usually in the form of a tincture or
of phthalic acid anhydride, » preparation which of one of its salts, io'di bro'midum, iodine penta-
liberates iodine slowly, acting as an antiseptic like bromide, bromide of iodine, IBr,; a dark reddish
iodoform. brown liquid which has been employed locally in
iodonu'cleoid. A compound of iodine and nuclein, diphtheria, io'di chlo'ridum, iodine trichloride,
a brownish powder used in syphilis. chloride of iodine, ICl,; an orange-yellow liquid
io'dophen. Nosophen. soluble in water, employed as an alterative in
iodophenacetin (i"o-do-fen-as'et-in). A brownish dose of gr. tV^ (0.005-0.01).
crystalline powder, antiseptic; employed inter- iod'urase. Trade name of a preparation of iodine
nally in rheutnatism in doses of gr. 5—8 (o 3-0 .5).
. with yeast, employed as a substitute for the
iodophe'nin, Iodophenacetin. iodides.
iodophe'nol. A compound of iodine and phenol in io'dylin. Trade name of bismuth iodosalicylate, a
glycerin; employed as an antiseptic. yellowish powder employed as a substitute for
iodophilia (i"o-do-fil'i-ah) [L. iodum, iodine, + iodoform.
G. pMleo, I love.] Glycogenic reaction of the iodyl'ofonn. Trade name of an iodine and gelatin
leucocytes; a brownish or brownish red reaction compound, used as a substitute for iodoform.
of the multinuclear leucocytes when treated i'on [G. ion, going.] A group of atoms or parts of
with iodine. The reaction occurs in acute molecules carrying a charge of electricity and con-
infections and various other conditions, extra- stituting one of tile elements of an electrolyte.
cellular i., the staining of small round or oval The ions charged with negative electricity which
masses, resembling platelets, in the plasma. are evolved at the positive pole (anode) are called
intracel'lular i., the glycogenic reaction of gran- anions those charged with positive electricity, at
;

ules within the multinuclear leucocytes. the negative pole (cathode), cations.
 IONIC So8
IRIDODESIS

ion'ic.Relating to an ion or ions. i. medlca'tion, central opacity of the cornea or lens, keratoconus,
electrochemical therapeutics, such as the employ- etc. prepar'atory i., one done as a preparatory
ment of electrolysis and cataphoresis. measure to a cataract operation, therapeu'tic i.,
io'mum [ion.'] A
radioactive element emitting one performed for the prevention or cure of
both alpha and beta radiations, but producing disease in the eye, glaucoma, for example.
no emanation it is thought to be a disintegration
; iridectro'pium [G. irisiirid-) + ektropion, eversion.]
product of uranium and possibly the parent of Eversion of part of the iris.
radium. iride'mia, iridae'mia [G. irisiirid-) + haima, blood.]
ioniza'tion. Dissociation into ions, occurring when Bleeding from the iris.

an electrolyte is dissolved; iontophoresis iridencleisis (ir*id-en-kli'sis) [G. irisiirid-), iris, +

i'onize. To separate into ions; to break molecules enkleio, I shut incarceration of a por-
in.] The
into subatomic particles, charging the larger with tion of the iris in a wotmd of the cornea, either
positive, the smaller with negative, electricity. accidentally or as an operative measure to efEect
ion'ophose [G. ion, violet, +
fhos, light.] purple A a displacement of the pupil.
phose. iridentro'pium [G. irisiirid-) +
entropion, inver-
iontophoresis (i-on-to-fo-re'sis) [ion +
G. phoresis, a sion.] Inversion of part of the iris.
carrying in.] The introduction of ions into the Iridere'mia [G. irisiirid-) +
eremia, absence.]
body; cataphoresis of metallic or other sub- Absence of a part or the whole of the iris.
stances. iridescent (ir-I-des'ent) [G. iris, rainbow.] Present-
iontoquantimeteT (i-on'to-kwon-tim'e-tur) [ton + ing a changeable metallic luster like mother of
L. quantus, how much, + G. melron, measure.] pearl or the plumage of certain birds ; nacreous.
A device for determining the quantity of ai-rays iridesis (i-rid'S-sis) [G. irisiirid-), iris, -t- desis, a.

by measuring the resulting ionization. binding together.] Ligature of a portion of the

iopho'bia [G. ios, poison, iron rust, + phobos, fear.] iris brought out throughan incision in the cornea.
I. Toxicophobia, a fear of being poisoned. 2. iridiagnosis (i-rl-di-ag-no'sis). Diagnosis of sys-
Fear of touching rusty metallic objects. temic disease by inspection of the iris.
io'tacism [G. iota, the letter i.] A speech defect irid'ial, irid'ian. Iridal.
marked by the frequent substitution of an 6 irid'ic. I. Iridal, relating to the iris. 2. Relating
sound (the pronunciation of Greek iota) for other to iris, the drug. i. acid, an acid, Ci,HijOj,
vowels. obtained from orris root or Florentine iris.

ioter'pin. lodoterpin. ir'idin. i. A

glucoside, CjjHjjO,,, from orris root.
iotiii'on. Diiodohydroxypropane, a thick, yellowish, Iris floreniina. 2. Irisin, a resinoid from blue
oily liquid obtained by the action of potassium flag. Iris versicolor; cholagogue and cathartic in
iodide on dichlorhydrin employed as a substitute
; doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06-0. 2).
for the iodides, applied by inunction in a 25-50 irid'ium [G. iris, rainbow, because of the different
per cent, ointment with lanolin and petrolatum. colors of salts of the metal.] white silvery A
iothionol (i-o-thi'on-ol). A
25 per cent, oily solu- metallic element, symbol Ir, atomic weight
tion of iothion, employed in veterinary practice. 193.1.
ip'ecac, ipecacuanha (ip-e-kak-u-an'ah) [a native iridiza'tion. The halo appearance surrounding a,

Brazilian word.] (U.S.) Ipecacuanhse radix (Br.) light, observed by sufferers from glaucoma,
the dried root of Cephaelis ipecacuanha, a shrub iridoavulsion (ir"i-do-a-vul'shun). Avulsion, or
of Brazil and other parts of South America; has tearing away, of the iris.
expectorant, emetic, and antidysenteric proper- iridocapsulitis (ir-id-o-kap-su-li'(le')tis). Iritis with
ties; dose, gr. J-i (0.03-0.06), as an emetic gr. accompanying inflammation of the capsule of
20 (i 3). deem'etinized i., i. from which the emetic
. the crystalline lens.
principle has been extracted, said to retain its iridocele (ir'I-do-sel) [G. irisiirid-) + kele, hernia.]
antidysenteric properties, false i., gillenia. Protrusion of a portion of the iris through a
ipsolateral (ip-so-lat'ur-al) [L. ipse, same, -|- corneal defect.
latus, side.] On the same side, noting especially iridochorioiditis, iridochoroiditis (ir-J-do-ko-rl-oy-
paralytic or other symptoms occurring on the di'(de')tis, ir-!(-do-ko-roy-di'(de')tis). Inflamma-
same side as the brain lesion causing them, tion of both iris and chorioid.
Ir. Chemical symbol of iridium iridocine'sla, iridocine'sis [G- irisiirid) -I- kinesis,
Jr. Abbreviation for internal resistance. movement.] The movement of the iris in con-
iral'gia. Iridalgia. tracting and dilating the pupil.
iridse'mia. Iridemia. iridocinet'ic. Relating to the movements of the
i'ridal. Relating to the iris, iridic, iridial, iridian. iris.
iridal'gia [G. iris(irid-) +
algos, pain.] Pain ir"idocolobo'ma [G. irisiirid-) koloboma, the +
referred to the iris. part removed in mutilation.] coloboma, or A
iridauxesis (ir-I-dawk-se'sis) [G. iris{irid-) auxe- + congenital defect of the iris.
sis, enlargement.] Thickening of the iris following iridoconstric'tor. Causing contraction of the pupil,
plastic iritis; iridoncus. noting the circular muscular fibers of the iris.
iiidectome (ir-I-dek'tom). A
slender knife used in iridocyclec'tomy [G. irisiirid-) + kykhs, circle
performing iridectomy. (ciliary body), + ektome, excision.] Removal of
iridectomesodialysis (ir-J-dek-to-mes"o-di-al'i-sis) [G. the iris and ciliary body.
iris(irid-) + ektome, excision, + mesos, middle, + Iridocyclitis (ir"id-o-si-kli'(kle')tis)
[G. irisiirid-) -I-
dialysis, loosening.] Formation of an artificial kyklos, circle (ciHary body), -itis.] +
Inflamma-
pupil by combined excision and separation of the tion of both iris and ciliary body.
adhesions around the inner margin of the iris. ir"idocystec'tomy [G. iris +
kystis, a bag (capsule),
iridec'tomize. To subject to the operation of + ektome, excision.] An operation for making an
iridectomy. • artificial pupil after loss of the lens with posterior
iridec'tomy [G. iris(irid-) +
ektome, excision.] synechia; the border of the iris and a portion of
Excision of a portion of the iris, op'tical i., an the" capsule of the lens are drawn out through an
i. performed for the purpose of improving the incision in the cornea and cut off.
vision by making an artificial pupil, in cases of Iridod'esis. Iridesis.
IRIDODIALYSIS sag IRRIGATOR

Irldodial'ysis [G. iris + dialysis, a separating.] chorioiditis (involving both ciliary body and chorioid),
inversion, iridentropium, iridentropy. making arti-
Separation of the outer border of the iris from its ficial pupil through, iridectomy, iridotomy, iritomy-
ciliary attachment. iridesis, jridodesis, iridodialysis, iridencleisis, iridecto-
tridodila'tor. Causing dilatation of the pupil, noting medialysis, corectomy, coretomy coredialysis, core-
morphosis, corencleisis, coreplasty. movements, iri-
the radiating muscular fibers of the iris. docinesis, iridocinesia. pain, iralgia, iridalgia. paral-
iridodone'sis [G. iris(irid-) + doneo, I shake to and ysis, iridoparalysis, incoparesis, iridoplegia. pro-
fro.] Hippus, a tremulousness of the iris. lapse, iridoptosia, ptosis iridis. protrusion, myioceph-
alon, iridoccle. removal, iridavulsion, iridoavulsion,
iridokine'sia, iridokine'sis. Iridocinesia. '

iridectomy, rupture^ iridorrhexis. separating from

ir'idokinet'ic. Iridocinetic. attachments, iridodialysis. softening, iridomalacia.
iridology (i-ri-dol'o-ji) [tm + -ology.\ A study of thickening, iridauxesis, iridoncus, iridoncos s. tremor,
iridodonesis, iridopleinia, iridotromos, hippus. ulcera-
the markings, changes in color, etc., said to occur tion, iridelcosis.
in the iris during the course of systemic diseases.
[ridomala'cia [G. iris(irid-) + malakia, softness.] Iris. A genus of
plants of the natural order IrideiB.
Degenerative softening of the iris. I. Florentine orris, orris root, the
florenti'na,
iiidomedial'ysis. Iridomesodialysis. rhizome of Iris florentina, I. germanica, or /.
Iridonie"sodial'ysis + mesos, middle,
[G. iris{irid-) pallida; employed now chiefly as an ingredient
+ Separation of adhesions
dialysis, loosening.] of tooth powders. I. veisic'olor, iris (2).
around the inner margin of the iris. I'rish moss. Chondrus.
iridomo'tor. Iridocinetic. I'risin. Iridin.
iridon'cus [G. iris(irid) +
onkos, swelling.] Tume- irit'ic. "
Relating to iritis.
faction of the iris. iritis Inflammation of the iris. i.
(i-ri'(re')tis).
iridoparal'ysis. Iridoplegia. catamenia'lis, recurring at the menstrual periods.
i.

iridoperiphakitis (ir"J-do-per^-fa-ki'(ke')tis) [G. plas'tic i., i. with a fibrinous exudation, the con-
iris{irid-) + peri, around, + phakos, lens.] traction of which deforms the iris, spon'gy i., i.
Inflammation of the iris and the anterior portion with a fibrinous coagulum in the anterior chamber
of the capsule of the lens. of the eye. sympathet'ic i., i. consecutive to a
ir"idople'gia [G. iris(irid-) + plege, stroke.] Paral- similar condition in the other eye.
ysis of the sphincter of the iris, accommoda'tion irit'omy. Iridotomy.
i.,absence of pupillary contraction during efforts iron (i'em) [A.S. iren^ Femrni, a metallic element,
at accommodation, re'flex i., Argyll-Robertson symbol Fe, atomic weight, 55 85. It occurs in the
.

pupil. chlorophyl of plants and in the hemoglobin of the

iridoTThez'is [G. iris(irid-) + rhexis, rupture.] red blood-corpuscles of animals, is stored in the
Tearing the iris from its peripheral attachment, tissues in the form of ferratin, a loose organic
in order to increase the breadth of a coloboma. compound, and is excreted in the bile. great A
iridoschisma (ir-id-o-skiz'mah) [G. iris(irid-) + many iron salts are employed in medicine, chiefly
schisma, cleft.] Coloboma of the iris. in the treatment of anemia and conditions
iiidosclerot'omy [G. tome, incision.] An incision associated with it; see ferrum. di'alyzed i., fer-
involving both sclera and iris. rum dialysatum. i. group, the three amphoteric
iridosteresis (ir''^-do-stS-re'sis) [G. iris(irid-) + elements, chromium, manganese, and iron. i.
steresis, a loss.] Irideremia. plaster, strengthening plaster, emplastrum* ferri.
iridot'asis [G. iris{irid-) + tasis, a stretching.] i. pyri'tes [G. pyrites, flint, from pyr, fire], native
Borthen's operation, stretching the iris as a sub- sulphide of iron, pow'dered i., pul'verized i.,
stitute for iridotomy in glaucoma. ferrum pulveratum. Quevenne's' i., ferrum reduc-
iridof omy [G. iris(irid-) +
tome, incision.] Trans- tum. reduced i., ferrum reductum.
verse division of some of the fibers of the iris, Irondale Springs, West Virginia. Aluminous-man-
forming an artificial pupil. ganous-calcic waters. Used by drinking in gas-
I'ris [G. rainbow] i. The anterior division of the tric irritability, the nausea and vomiting of preg-
vascular tunic of the eye, a disc-like diaphragm, nancy, chronic diarrhea, anemia, chlorosis, and
perforated in the center (the pupil), attached Bright 's disease.
marginally to the ciliary body; it is composed in Iron Lithia Springs, Virginia. Sulphated-saline-
large part of muscular tissue by which the size of aluminous-manganous-chalybeate-c arbonated
the pupil is regulated. 2. Blue fiag, flag lily, waters. Five springs. Used by drinking and
iris versicolor (N.P.), the dried rhizome and locally in various disorders, including certain
roots of Iris versicolor; occasionally employed as coniplaints of women.
a cathartic and hepatic stimulant like podophyl- irot'omy. Iridotomy.
lum, in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1 .3). 3. (N.F.) The apparent
irradia'tion [L. irradiare, to illumine.]
Orris root, the rhizome of Iris florentina, I. ger- enlargement of a bright object seen against a
manica, or /. pallida; employed in the manufac- dark background.
ture of various toilet articles. 4. Occurring in irredu'cible. Not reducible; incapable of being
concentric rings, noting certain skin lesions, such made smaller or, in chemistry, simpler, or of
as erythema* iris. i. bombe (e-res' bawn-ba') being replaced, i. hernia, one that cannot be
rPr. bulging], a condition occurring in posterior replaced by taxis.
annular synechia, in which an increase of fluid irreg'ular. Not regular.
in the posterior chamber causes a forward irrespirable (ir-rS-spi'ra-bl).Incapable of being
bulging of the non-adherent portion of the iris. breathed ; unfit for respiration, noting a poisonous
i. Tersic'olor (N.P.), iris (2). pil'lars of the i., gas or one containing oxygen in insufficient
ligamentum pectinatum iridis [BNA]. trem'- amount.
ulous i., iridodonesis, hippus. Irresus'citable. Incapable of being revived.
• Irr'igate [L. in, on, + rigare, to water.] To wash
absence, aniridia, irideremia. eversion, iridectropium out a cavity with water or a medicated fluid.
iridectropy. excision of parL iridectomy, corectomy.
fissure, coloboma iridis, iridoschisis, iridocoloboma. irriga'tion. The washing out of a cavity or wounded
hemorrhage, iridemia, iridasmia. incision, iridotomy, surface with a stream of fluid.
iritomy. inflammation, iritis; iridochorioiditis (involv- irr'igator. An appliance used in irrigation, con-
ing chorioid); iridocyclitis (involving ciliary body),
iridoperiphacitis (involving capsule of lens) iridocyclo, ;
sisting of a reservoir with a flexible outlet tube.
IRRITABLE 510 ISLAND

in'itable. Capable of reacting to a stimulus, or ischiocapsular (is-kl-o-kap'su-lar). Relating to the

tending to react immoderately to a stimulus, i, ischium and the capsule of the hip-joint, noting
heart, disordered action of the heart (D.A.H.), that part of the capsule which is attached to the
a syndrome of nervous and cardiocirculatory ischium.
disturbances associated with an increased sus- ischiocavemosus (is"kJ-o-kav-er-no'stis). See under
ceptibility to fatigue, observed especially in sol- tnusculus.
diers on active war service (fighting or march- ischiocavernous (is-W-o-kav'er-nus). Relating to
ing) but noted occasionally also in civil life.
, i. the ischium and the corpus cavemosum.
joint, a condition sometimes following a sprain, in ischiocele (is'kl-o-sel) [G. ischion, hip, kele,+
which there are recurrent attacks of acute or hernia.] A
hernia through the sciatic notch.
subacute inflammation, often without apparent ischiococcygeal (is-kl-o-kok-sijl-al). Relating to
exciting cause. the ischium and the coccyx.
iiritabil'ity [L. irriiare, to excite, habilis, proper, ischiococcygeus (is-kJ-o-kok-sl-je'us). Musculus
-I-

fit.] The property inherent in protoplasm of coccygeus.

reacting to a stimulus, elec'tric i., the response ischiodidymus (is-ki-o-didl-mus). A
twin monster
of a nerve or muscle to the passage of a current of joined at the pelvis ischiopagus, ischiadelphus.
;

electricity; in cases of degeneration in nerve or ischiofemoral (is-kl-o-fem'or-al). Relating to the

muscle this i. is altered or lost see modal, quali-;
ischium, or hip-bone, and the femur, or thigh-bone.
ischiohebotomy (is-kl-o-he-bot'o-mi) [G. ischion,
tative, and quantitative alteration.*
irr'itant. i. Irritating, causing irritation. 2. An ischium, -I; hebe, pubes, -1- tome, incision.] Divi-
irritating agent; a stimulus. sion of tlie ischiopubic ramus and the ascending
irr'itate [L. irritare, to excite.] To cause irritation,
ramus of the pubes.
ischioneuialgia (is-kl-o-nu-ral'jl-ah). Ischialgia.
iinta.'tion {L. irriiatio.} i. Extreme reaction of the +
ischiop'agus (is-kl-op'S-gus) [G. ischion, hip,
tissues to an insult or injury, incipient inflamma-
Ischiodidymtis.
pagos, fixed.]
tion, i. The normal
response of nerve or
ischioperineal (is-kl-o-per-I-ne'al). Relating to the
muscle to a. stimulus. 3. The provocation of a
ischium and the perineum.
normal or exaggerated reaction in the tissues by
ischiofibular (is-kl-o-fib'u-lar). Relating to or con-
the application of a stimulus.
necting the ischium and the fibula.
irr'itative. Causing irritation.
ischiopubic (is-kl-o-pu'bik). Relating to both
imunation (ir-ru-ma'shun) [L. irrumare, to give ischium and pubes. i. ra'mus, the descending
suck.] Fellatorism, fellatio. ramus of the os pubis and the ramus of the
Isambert's disease' (e-zahn-bair') [Emile Isambert. ischium continuous with it.
Parisian physician, 1827-1876.] Ulceration, usu- ischiopubiotomy (is-kJ-o-pu-bl-ot'o-ml) [G. ischion +
ally tuberculous, of the mucous membrane of the L. pubes + G. tome, incision.] Ischiohebotomy.
mouth and fauces. ischiorectal (is-kl-o-rek'tal). Relating to the is-
i'sarol. Ichthyodin. chium and the rectum.
isat'ophan. Trade name of a methoxy derivative ischiosacral (is-kl-o-sa'kral). Relating to the is-
of atophan, occurring in lemon-yellow crystals, chium and the sacrum.
recommended as a substitute for atophan because ischiotibial (is-kl-o-tib'I-al). Relating to or connect-
of its tastelessness. ing the ischium and the tibia.
ischemia, ischaemia (is-ke'ml-ah) [G. ischd, I keep ischiovaginal (is-kl-o-vaj'in-al). Relating to the
back, + haima, blood.] Local anemia due to ischium and the vagina.
mechanical obstruction (mainly arterial contrac- ischiovertebral (is-kl-o-ver'te-bral). Relating to the
tion) to the blood-supply. ischium and the spinal column.
ischemic (is-ke'mik). Relating to or affected by ischium, gen. ischii, pi. ischia (is'kl-um) [L. from G.
ischemia. ischion, hip.] Os ischii.
ischesis (is-ke'sis) [G. ischd, I hold back.] Suppres- Ischl, Austria (ishl). Saline and cold sulphurous
sion of any discharge, especially of a normal waters. Used by drinking and bathing in ner-
one. vous affections, scrofulous disorders, certain
Ischia (is'ke-ah). An island in the Bay of Naples. chronic skin diseases, catarrhal conditions of the
Alkaline-saline waters, 131° F. to 149° P. Sev- throat and respiratory organs, and certain dis-
eral springs. Used by bathing in gout, rheuma- eases of women. May to October.
tism, paralysis, sores, diseases of the bones, and ischochymia (is-ko-ki'ml-ah) [G. ischo, I keep back,
diseases of women. Spring and autumn. -1- chymos, juice.] Retention of food in the
ischiadelphus (is-kI-4-del'fus) [G. ischion, hip, -I- stomach in cases of dilatation of that organ.
adelphos, brother.] Ischiodidymus, •
ischogalactic (is-ko-gal-ak'tik) [G. ischo, I keep back,
ischia (is'kl-ah). Plural of ischium. -1- gala^galakt-), milk.] Antigalactic, lactifuge.
ischiadic (is-kl-ad'ik). Ischiatic. I. Causing a suppression of the breast-milk. 2.
ischial'gia [G. ischion, hip, + algos, pain.] Ischias, An agent which arrests the secretion of milk.
ischioneuralgia. i. Pain in the hip-joint, cox- ischomenia (is-ko-me'ni-ah) [G. ischo, I keep back,
algia. 2. Sciatica, + men, month.] Suppression of the menses.
ischias (is'kl-as). Ischialgia. ischuretic (is-ku-ret'ik). i. Relating to or relieving
ischiatic (is-kl-at'ik). Sciatic, relating to the ischuria. 2. An agent which relieves retention or

ischium or hip bone. suppression of urine.

ischiatitis (is-kJ-a-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the Ischuria (is-ku'rl-ah) [G. ischo, I keep back, +
ouron,
sciatic nerve. urine.] Retention or suppression of urine.
iachidrosis (is-ki-dro'sis) [G. ischo, I hold back, -I- isinglass (i'zing-glas) [Old Ger. huysenblas, stur-
hidrgsis, perspiration.] Anhidrosis, suppression geon's bladder.] IchthyocoUa, the dried soimds
of the perspiration. or swimming bladders of the sturgeon or hake.
ischioanal (is-ki-o-a'nal). Relating to the ischium island (i'land) [A.S. igland.] In anatomy, any
and the anus. isolated part, separated from the surrounding
Ischiobulbar (is-kif-o-bul'bar). Relating to the tissues by a groove, or marked by difference in
ischium and the bulb of the urethra. structure; insula.* {.disease', Japanese* river-
AND 5" ISONAPHTHOL

!ver. i. of Langerhans, i. of Pander, i. of Reil, isog'amy [G. isos, equal, +

gamos, marriage.] Con-
!e the proper names. jugation, usually with complete fusion, between
t tissue(i'let-tish'u) Langerhans' islands in
. two equal gametes, or two individual cells alike in
le pancreas. all respects.
L [G. -isntos, a substantive termination.] term- A isogenesis (i-so-jen'e-sis) [G. isos, equal, -f genesis,
lation denoting a theory, principle, method, or production.] Identity of morphological devel-
audition relating to the word to which it is opment.
Ided. isognathous (i-sog'na-thus) [G. isos, equal, +
gglutinin (i"so-a-gIu'tin-in). A hemagglutinin gnathos, jaw.] Having jaws of approximately
hich causes clumping of the red corpuscles of the same width.
limals of the same species, though not of the isohemagglu'tinin. Isoagglutinin.
limal producing it. Isohemol'ysin. Isolysin.
myl'amine. Amylamine. isohemol'ysis [G. isos, like, -t- haima, blood, + lysis,
m'ylene. Betaisoamylene, pental.* solution.] Isolysis, dissolution of the red blood-
)ody [G. isos, equal.] An antibody affecting the corpuscles in one animal, effected by the injectiod
ills of animals of the same species as the one in of serum from another animal of the same speciesn
hich it is produced. the substance causing this destruction of corpus-
u'tyl ni'trite. A liquid contained in commercial cles is called isohemolysin.
nyl nitrite, and possessing similar antispas- isohyperc]rtosis (i-so-hi-pur-si-to'sis) [G. isos, equal,
.odic and vasodilator properties. + hyper, above, -f kytos, cell.] A blood state in
ell'ular [G. isos, equal, +
L. eellula, cell.] which the number of leucocytes is increased, the
omposed of cells of equal size or of similar relative proportion of the different varieties
laracter. remaining unchanged.
holesterin (i-so-ko-les'ter-in). An isomer of isohypocytosis (i-so-hi-po-si-to'sis) [G. isos, ecjual, +
ilolesterin fotmd in lanolin. hypo, beneath, +kytos, cell.] A
blood state in
iromatic (i-so-kro-mat'ik) [G. isos, equal, + which the leucocytes are decreased in number, the
iroma, color.] i. Of uniform color, isochroous. relative proportion between the different varieties
Noting two objects of the same color. remaining unchanged.
liromatophil, isochromatophile (i"so-kro-mat'o- i'solate [It. isolare; L. insulare, insiilate.] i. To
l, or fU) [G. isos, equal, chroma, color, + + separate, to set apart by oneself. 2. To free from
hilos, fond.] Having an equal affinity for the chemical combination.
ime dye; said of two or more cells or tissues. isola'tion. Separation from others, i. ward, a ward
hronal (i-sok'ro-nal) [G. isos, equal, + chronos, in a hospital or institution, usually a separate
me,] Occurring at regular intervals or per- pavilion, where inmates suspected of coming down
irmed in uniform time. with a contagious disease are kept apart from the
hronic (i-so-kron'ik). Isochronal, others.
hronous (i-sok'ro-nus). Isochronal. isoleucine (i-so-lu'sen). An amino-acid formed
hrooiB (i-sok'ro-us) [G. isos, equal, chroa, + diuring the hydrolysis of fibrin and other proteins;
)lor.] Isochromatic(i). an isomer of leucine, occurring in crystalline
Qcaine (i-so-ko'-kah-en) [G. isos, equal.] Trade rods or rhombic plates, of an astringent bitter
ime of a synthetic preparation, having a local taste.
lesthetic action similar to that of cocaine. isol'ysin [G. isos, like.] An hemolysin in the serum
olloid (i-so-kol'oyd) [G. isos, same.] colloid A of an animal, which will dissolve the red corpuscles
guid showing the same analytical composition of another animal of the same species.
ith every hylotropic transformation. isol'ysis. Isohemolysis.
o'ria [G. isos, equal, kore, pupil.]+Equality isolyt'ic. Relating to isolysis or an isolysin.
.the size of the two pupils. isomastigote (i-so-mas'ti-got) [G. isos, equal, +
irclic (i"so-si'klik) [G. isos, equal, kyklos, + mastix{mastig-), whip.] Noting a protozoan
rcle.] Noting a closed-chain* compound in organism having two or four flagella of equal
hich the atoms are all of the same element; length at one extremity.
irbocyclic. i'somer. One of two or more isomeric substances.
^olysin (i"so-si-tol'i-sin) [G. isos, like.] A isomer'ic [G. isos, equal, + meros, part.] Noting
rtolysin acting upon the another animal
cells of substances having the same percentage composi-
'

the same species as that in which it is formed. tion, but differing in their physical properties,
iamet'ric [G. isos, equal, +
diametros, diameter.] this difference being due to different arrange-
aving diameters of equal length. ment of the atoms in the molecule.
ispersoid (i-so-dis-pur'soyd). IsocoUoid. isom'eride. Isomer.
ul'cit.Rhamnose, a crystalline sugar, CjHijOj isom'erism. The existence of a chemical compound
H2O, derived from various glucosides. in two or more forms, differing in physical proper-
fnam'ic [G. MOi,. equal, + dynamis, force.] Of ties but identical in chemical composition.
[ual force or strength. isom'erous. Isomeric.
^namogen'ic [G. isos, equal, + dynamis, power, is omet'ric [G. isos, equal, +
metron, measure.] i
gennao, I produce.] i. Isoenergetic. 2. Of equal dimensions. 2. Isodiametric. 3. In
reducing equal nerve-force. physiology, opposed to isotonic*
lergetic (i-so-en-ur-jet'ik) [G. isos, equal, -t- isometro'pia [G. isos, equal, +
metron, measure, -H
'^rgetikos, active.] Exerting equal force; dps(dp-), eye.] Equality in kind and degree of
[ually active. refraction in the two eyes.
orm. Paraiodoxyanisol, a colorless powder, isomor'phic. Isomorphous.
aployed as a dusting powder, mixed with equal isomor'phism [G. isos, equal, + morphS, shape.]
eight of calcium phosphate, also internally as Similarity of form between two or more organisms
1 alterative in doses of gr. 4-8 (o 25-0 5). .
.
or parts of the body.
'amous [G. isos, equal, + games, marriage.] In isomor'phous. Having the same form or shape,
Jtany and protozoology, noting a form of con- morphologically equal.
gation in which the coalescing parts are similar. isonaph'thol. Betanaphthol.
.
ISONORMOCYTOSIS SI2
ISTHMUS

isotrop'ic, isot'ropous [G, isos, equal, -I- trope, a

isonormocytosis (i-so-nor"mo-si-to'sis) [G. isos,
equal, +L. norma, rule, +
G. kytos, cell.] A turn.] Equal in refracting power.
blood state in which the number, both actual and isotypical (i-so-tip'i-kal) [G. isos, equal, + typikos,

relative, of leucocytes in the blood is normal. typical.] Belonging to the same type,
isop'athy [G. isos, equal, +
pathos, suffering.] The ispaghu'la [East Indian.] (B.A.) The
seeds of
theory or system of treatment of disease by means Planiago ovata, a plant of southwestern India;
of the causal agent or a product of the same dis- demulcent, having properties similar to those of
ease also of the treatment of a diseased organ by
;
linseed; dose, 3i-3 (4-0-12,0),
an extract of the same organ from a healthy Issa'yefPs meth'od (e-sah'yef) The intraperitoneal
animal, injection of a saline solution twenty-four hours
isopelletierine (i-so-pel-et'Sr-en). An alkaloid before an abdominal operation, in order to excite
derived from granatum, or pomegranate; it has a local leucocytosis as a prophylactic of infection,
issue (ish'u) [Fr. a going out.] i. Progeny, 2. A
the same composition and anthelmintic proper-
ties as pelletierine, but is optically inactive ; dose, suppurating sore, acting as a counterirritant,
gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). maintained by the presence of a foreign body in
isopho'ria [G. isos, equal, + pharos, bearing.] the tissues; it was formerly regarded as a means
Absence of either hypophoria or hyperphoria, of escape for peccant humors, i. pea, a pea-
the two eyes lying in the same horizontal plane. shaped body kept in an issue to prevent healing.
iso'pia [G. isos, equal, + dps{dp-), eye.] Equality in a termination added to verbal roots,
-ist [G, -istes,
all respects of the two eyes, and consequently of forming verbs with the termination -izo, denoting

vision. the agent.] A termination affixed properly to

i'sopral.Trichlorisopropyl-alcohol, occurringin words derived from Greek verbs ending in izo,
the form of prismatic crystals of biting taste and but added by analogy to other roots even of non-
camphoraceous odor, soluble in 35 parts of water; hellenic origin, denoting an agent or doer of the
hypnotic in doses of gr. 5-20 (o 3-1 3). .
.
action indicated,
isoprecipitin (i-so-pre-sip'it-in) [G. isos, alike.] A isthmian (is'ml-an). Relating to an anatomical
precipitin formed in the blood of an animal treated isthmus.
by injections of serum from another animal of the isthmitis (is-mi'(me')tis). Inflammation of the
same species. isthmus of the fauces, or of the throat; faucitis,
isop'ter [G. isos, equal, +
opier, observer.] A sore-throat, faucial catarrh.
curve in the visual field drawn through points of isthmoplegia (is"mo-ple'jI-ah) [G. isthmos, isthmus,
equal acuity of vision. + plege, stroke.] Faucial paralysis.
isoserum treatment (i'so-se-nmi tret'ment). Thera- Isthmus (is'mus) [G. isthmos.'] i. A constriction
peutic employment of serum taken from a per- connecting two larger parts of an organ or other
son having or having had the same disease as the anatomical structure. 2. A narrow passage con-
patient under treatment; also called isosero- necting two larger cavities. Guyon's i., i, uteri,
therapy. Haller's i., Haller's* fretum. His's i., i. rhom-
isostem'onous [G. isos, equal, H- stlmdn, stamen.] bencephali, i. aor'tse [BNA], a constriction of
In botany, noting a flower in which the stamens the arch of the aorta just beyond the origin of
are equal in number to the sepals and petals. the subclavian artery, i. cartilag'inis au'ris
isotamieutic (i'so-tam-J-u'tik) [G. isos, equal, -|- [BNA], a narrow bridge connecting the cartilage
lamieuo, I save, store up.] Equally sparing. of the external auditory meatus and the lamina
isother'apy [G. isos, equal, + therapeia, treatment.] tragica with the main portion of the cartilage of
Treatment or prophylaxis of a disease by means the auricle, i. fau'cium [BNA], fauces, i.
of the active causal agent, as in the preventive glan'dulse thyreoid'ea [BNA], i, of the thyroid,
inoculations against rabies or in the use of bac- the central part of the thyroid gland joining the
terial vaccines, two lateral lobes, i. gy'ri fornica'ti [BNA], i, of
isothermal (i-so-thur'mal) [G. isos, equal, + the fornicate, gyrus, i. of the limbic lobe, the
therme, heat,] Having the same temperature, narrow posterior portion of the gyrus cinguli,
isoto'nia [G. isos, equal, +
tonos, tension.] Tonic behind and below the splenium of the corpus
equality, a, condition in which tension in two caUosum, which joins the hippocampal gjfrus. i.
substances or solutions is the same. mea'tus acus'tici ezter'ni, isthmus of the ex-
isoton'ic [G- isos, equal, +
tonos, tension.] i. ternal auditory meatus, the narrowest portion
Relating to isotonia, 2, Having equal tension, of this canal near its inner termination, i.
noting solutions possessing the same osmotic pharyngonasa'lis, pharyngeal i., the aperture
pressure, 3, In physiology, noting the condition between the oral pharynx and the nasopharynx,
of contraction of a muscle when one end is at- bounded by the posterior palatine arches and
tached to a light weight which is lifted when the soft palate, i. prosta'tae [BNA], the anterior
the muscle shortens opposed to isometric, which
; portion of the base of the -prostate gland, i.
notes the condition when the two ends are fixed Thombenceph'ali [BNA], rhombencephalic i.; (i)
so that the effort of contraction does not shorten a constriction in the embryonic neural canal
the muscle. separating the mesencephalon from the rhom-
isotonicity (i-so-to-nis'I-tJ), The quality of possess- bencephalon, or metencephalon; (2) the anterior
ing and maintaining a uniform tone or tension. portion of the rhombencephalon connecting with
isotope (i'so-top) [G, isos, equal, topos, part, + the mesencephalon; it consists of the brachia
place.] A
term applied to either of two bodies conjunctiva, the trigone of the lemniscus, the
which are chemically identical yet differ slightly anterior medullary velum, and the anterior por-
in atomic weight, such as ordinary lead and the tion of the rhomboidal fossa, i. tu'bee auditi'TS

end-product of radium disintegration. [BNA], isthmus of the auditory (Eustachian)

iBotopic (i-so-top'ik) Of identical chemical com-
, tube, the narrowest portion of the Eustachian
position but differing in some physical prop- tube at the junction of the cartilaginous and
erty, such as atomic weight. bony portions, i. tu'bse uteri'nte [BNA], the
Jsotox'in [G, isos, alike.] A
toxin in the blood narrow portion of the Fallopian tube adjoining
active against an animal of the same species the u'terus. i. u'teri, Guyon's i„ an elongated
ISTHMUS S13 IZAL

constriction at the internal os uteri. Eroe'nig's name of which it is added. 2. In chemistry,

i., see under Kroenig. denoting a salt of an acid denoted by the termina-
isu'ria [G. isos, equal, +
ouron, urine.] Excretion tion.-o«j. 3. In comparative anatomy, denoting
of urine at an unvarying rate, as measured from an essential portion of the part to the name of
hour to hour. which it is attached.
i'sutan. Bismutan. a way.] A passage leading from one anatom-
i'ter [L.
Ital'ian meth'od. Tagliacotian* method. ical part to another, i. a ter'tio ad quar'tum
Itard's cath'eter (e-tar') [Jean Marie Gaspard Itard. ventric'ulum [L. way from the third to the fourth
Parisian otologist, 1774-1838.] A
form of Eusta- ventricle], aquasductus cerebri [BNA]. i. chor'das

chian catheter. ante'rius, Huguier's canal, a canal in the Glaserian

Itard-Cholewa sign (e-tar* kho-la'vah) [Jean Marie or petrotympanic fissure, near its posterior edge,
Gaspard Itard; Erasmus Rudolph Cholewa, Ger- through which the chorda tympani nerve issues
man physician, *i845.] Anesthesia of the mem- from the skull, i. chor'dae poste'iius, canaliculus
brana tympani in otosclerosis. chordae tympani [BNA], a canal passing from the
itch [A.S. gikkan.] i. To be the seat of a peculiar, aqueduct of Fallopius to the tympanum, through
indescribable sensation which produces an which the chorda tympani nerve enters this cavity.
impulse to scratch the part. 2. Scabies. 3. In i'teral. Relating to an iter.
general, any cutaneous affection, without specific -ites [G. -ites,m. or -ites, n] An adjectival suffix
lesion, marked by intense itching or pruritus. to nouns, corresponding to Latin -alis, -ale, or
baker's i., a pruritus affecting the hands and arms -inus, -inum, or English -y, -like, or the hyphen-
of bakers who mix the dough by hand bar'ber's ated nouns. The adjective so formed is employed
i., sycosis vulgaris, bath i., pruritus excited by without the qualified noun; thus ascites is the
contact with cold water, coo'lie i., ground i. co'- short form of ho askites hydrops, abdominal
pra i., a dermatitis occurring in workers in copra dropsy. The feminine form, -itis (agreeing with
mills, caused by the presence of a mite, Tyrogly- nosos, disease), is so often associated with inflam-
phus longior^ var. castellanii. dhobie i., tinea matory disease, that it has acquired in most
cruris, grain i., an affection similar to or iden- cases the significance of inflammation. Tympan-
tical with straw i. gro'cers' i., an affection of ites is to tympanites oidema, the drum-like swelling
the same character as copra i., caused by a or tumor, but tympanitis is he tympanitis nosos,
species of Tyroglyphus.* ground i., coolie i., the tympanic disease or inflammation of the
swamp i., water i., water-sore, uncinariasis cutis; tympanum, or drum of the ear. See also -ite.
a vesicular dermatitis attacking the feet of cool- ithycyphosis, ithykyphosis (ith'^-si-(ki)-fo'sis) [G.
ies working during the rainy season in the tea ithys, straight, -f- kyphos, a hump.] Pure kyphosis
gardens of Assam, characterized by swelling and without lateral displacement of the spine.
itching, followed by an eruption of reddish ithylordo'sis (ith"i-lor-do'sis) [G. ithys, straight, +
macules or papules soon becoming vesicular; the lordosis, a bending forward.] A pure lordosis
affection has been observed in other parts of the without lateral curvature of the spine.
tropics and sub-tropics in Asia and America; -itis [G. fem. of -ites.] See -ites.
the generally accepted theory of its production is it'rol. A trade name for silver citrate, CjHsOjAgj;
that it is caused by the entrance of embryos of M. white powder soluble in 3800 parts of water,

ancylostoma or uncinaria. lum'berman's i., employed as a dusting powder in wounds and

winter i., pruritus* hiemalis. Malabar' i., skin diseases, and for irrigation in solution of
tinea imbricata. prairie i., a pruritus of indefi- 1—4000 or 1—5000.
nite, and probably varied, origin, affecting farm TU. Abbreviation for immunizing unit.*
laborers, straw i., straw-bed i., an urticarioid i'vory [L. ebur.] The hard dentine of the tusks of
eruption caused by a minute mite, variously elephants and certain other animals, hard as i.,
described as Pediculoides ventricosus and Ditro- ebumated.
penotus aureoviridis, which infests the straw of Ixo'des [G. ixodes, sticky, like bird-lime.] A genus
mattresses and attacks persons sleeping thereon. of ticks of the family Ixodidce, or acarids, many
summer i., pruritus sestivalis. swamp i., of the species of which are parasitic on man and
ground i. toe i., uncinariasis cutis, ground animals.
i. wash'erwoman's i., an eczematous erup- ixodiasis (iks-o-di'a-sis). i. Skin lesions caused
tion of the hands and arms of washerwomen, by the bites of certain ticks; in some cases the
dish-washers, and others whose hands are con- tick burrows under the skin causing more or less
stantly immersed in soap-suds, water i., ground severe irritation, but in most cases an urticarioid
i. winter i., pruritus hiemalis. eruption is the only result, ij. Any disease,
itch'ing. Pruritus, an indescribable sensation of such as Rocky Mountain fever, which is trans-
irritation of the skin or accessible mucous mem- mitted through the agency of ticks.
branes impelling to scratching or rubbing of the ixod'ic. Relating to or caused by ticks.
affected parts. Ixod'idae [G. ixodes, sticky.] A family of Acarina
itch-mite. Sarcoptes scabiei. which includes the ticks.
fem. -itis'\
-ite [G. -ites, 1. A
suffix denoting "of i'zal. Trade name of an antiseptic, belonging to
the nature of," "resembling," the thing to the the same class as creolin, derived from cresol.
 ;

514 JAKSCH'S ANEMIA

J
Symbol for the mechanical equivalent of heat, J.'s car'tilage, cartilage vomeronasalis. J.'s nerve
J.
or Joule's* equivalent
'

nervus tympanicus. J.'s or'gan, organon vomer-

jaboran'di, jaboran'di fo'lia [A native Brazilian onasal. J.'s plex'us, plexus tympanicus. ,

name.J (Br.)'Pilocarpus (U S.). Ja'cobson's re'flex. When the patient's arm is

jab'orine. An alkaloid, Cj2Hj2N,04, obtained from supported, with the hand midway between
jaborandi or by heating pilocarpine; a white pronation and supination, the fingers being ex-
amorphous powder, resembling atropine in its tended, flexion follows a tap on the lower end of
action. the radius if paralysis is present.
Jaboulay's butt'on (zhab-oo-la') [Mathieu Jaboulay, Ja'cobson's retini'tis [Julius Jacobson, German
French surgeon, 1860-1913.] An apparatus ophthalmologist, 1828-1889.] Syphilitic retini-
consisting of two cylinders which are screwed tis.
together in effecting lateral intestinal anastomo- Jacquemier's sign (zhak-me-a') [Jean Marie Jacque-
sis. J.'s meth'od, suture of arteries by splitting mier, Parisian obstetrician, 1806-1876.] Kluge's
up the cut ends a short distance and then suturing sign, Chadwick's sign; dark bluish or purplish
the flaps together, applying intima to intima; discoloration of the vaginal mucous membrane
called also the broad iparginal confrontation indicating pregnancy.
method. J.'s opera'tion, interpelviabdominal Jacquemin's test (zhak-man'). For carbolic acid;
amputation.* to the suspected fluid an equal amoiuit of aniline
Jaboulay -Brian meth'od (zh4-boo-la'bre-oii'). Same is added, and, after thorough admixture, a little
as Jaboulay's* method. solution of sodium hyTpochlorite; if phenol is
jacaran'da. Caroba. present the fluid becomes of a blue color.
Jaccoud's sign (zhS-koo') [Sigismond Jaccoud, Pari- Jacquet's disease' (zh^-ka') [L. Jacquet, French
sian physician, 1830-1913.] I. Visible movement dermatologist, 19th Century.] Reflex alopecia,
of a portion of the chest wall in adherent peri- the association of baldness with dental anom-
cardium, n. A
slow and irregular pulse with alies.
elevated temperature in tuberculous meningitis in jacta'tion [L. jactare, to toss.] Jactitation.
adults. jactita'tion [L. jactitare, to toss about.] Extreme
jack'et. A
fixed bandage applied around the body restlessness or tossing about from one side to the
in order to immobilize the spine and prevent other in the bed.
further deformity in Pott's disease; it is made jaculiferous (jak"u-li£'er-us) [L. jaculum, a dart, +
usually of plaster of Paris; called also Sayre's* ferre, to carry.] Prickly, covered with sharp
jacket. points.
Jack'son's ep'ilepsy [John Hnghlings Jackson, Eng- Jadassohn's disease' (yah'dah-son) [Josei Jadassohn,
lish physician, 1834-1911,] Jacksonian* epilepsy. Breslau dermatologist, "1853.] Maculopapular
J.'s rule, after an epileptic attack, simple and erythrodermia.*
quasiautomatic nervous processes are less affected Jadelot's fur'rows or lines (zhad-lo') [Jean Fran-
and more rapidly recovered than the more com- fois Nicolas Jadeloi, Parisian physician, ti83o.]
plex ones. J.'s sign, during quiet respiration the Three facial lines or furrows, said to be character-
movement of the paralyzed side of the chest may istic of certain diseases in children
: X. The ocular

be greater than that of the opposite side, while in line, from the inner canthus of the eye toward the
forced respiration the paralyzed side moves less glenoid fossa; seen in cerebral disease. 2. The
than the other. J.'s syn'drome, unilateral par- nasal line, from the lower border of the ala nasi
alysis of the larynx, velum palati, and tongue. curving around to the outer side of the orbicularis
Jack'son's mem'brane or veil [Jabez North Jackson, oris muscle; in abdominal disorders. 3. The
American surgeon, *i 868.] A thin vascular mem- labial line, extending downward from the comer
brane or veil-like adhesion, covering the anterior of the mouth in diseases of the respiratory organs.
;

surface of the ascending colon from the cecum to Jaeger's test types (ya'ger) [Edward Jaeger von
the hepatic flexure it may cause obstruction by
; Jastthal, Viennese ophthalmologist, 1818-1884.]
kinking of the bowel. Lines of type of different sizes, printed on a card,
Jack'son's pec'toral syr'up. Syrupus pectoralis used for testing the acuteness of near vision.
(N F.). Jaffe's test (yah'feh) [Max Jaffe, German biolog-
Jack' son's sign [Chevalier Q. Jackson, American ical chemist, 1841-1911.] For indican: To 10
laryngologist, *i865.] Asthmoid wheeze, a c.c. of urine an equal amount of hydrochloric
puffing sound heard on listening before the acid is added; after shaking, one adds i to 2 c.c.
patient's open mouth in a case of foreign body of a weak solution of calcium chloride and 3 or 4
in the trachea or a bronchus. c.c. of chloroform; if the urine contains indican
Jacksohnian ep'ilepsy [John Hughlings Jackson.'] the droplets of chloroform which sink to the bot-
Epile'psy, usually symptomatic, in which the tom of the tube have a blue or purplish color.
convulsions are confined to certain groups of jail-fe'ver. Typhus* fever.
muscles. Jaksch's ane'mia or disease' (yaksh) [Rudolf von
Ja'cob's mem'brane [Arthur /acofc, Dublin physician, Jaksch, Ritter von Wartenhorst, Austrian physi-
1790-1874.] The layer of rods and cones of the cian in Prague, *i855.] Infantile pseudoleucemia
retina. J.'s ul'cer, rodent ulcer of the face. J.'s anemia in infants, accompanied by some lymphatic
wound, chancroidal ulcer. enlargement and splenic changes, but by slight
Ja'cobson's canal' [Ludwig Levin Jacobson, Danish hyperleucocytosis. J.'s test, (i) for hydrochloric
anatomist, 1783-1843.] Canaliculus tympanicus. acid in the gastric juice, the presence of which
JAKSCH'S ANEMIA S^S JAUNDICE

imparts a violet to deep blue color to filter paper Jane'way's sphygmomanom'eter [Theodore C. Jane-
impregnated with benzopurpurin B; (2) for uric way, American physician, 1872— 1917.] A port-
acid, heating with bromine water produces a red able apparatus for determining the blood-pres-
color, which becomes purplish on the addition of sure; see illustration.
ammonia; (3) see Fisher's* test. jan'iceps [L. Janus, an ancient Italic deity having
[Jalapa or Xalapa, a Mexican city
jal'ap, jala'pa two faces, + caput, hea,A.] Amonster having two
whence the drug was originally exported.] The heads fused together, the faces looking in opposite
tuberous root of Exogonium purga or Ipomcea directions, j. asym'metrus, a j. with one very
purga; hydragogue cathartic in doses of gr. 15 small and imperfectly developed face.
(i.o), purgative in one-third this dose. In'dian Jansen's opera'tion (yahn'zen) [Albert Jansen,
j.,turpeth. wild j., man-root, wild scammony, German otologist, contemporary.] An operation
the root of Ipomcea pandurata, containing a for frontal sinus disease, the lower wall and lower
resin having purgative properties. portion of the anterior wall being removed and
jal'apin. i. A resinous glucoside, CaiHjjOi,, de- the mucous membrane curetted away.
rived from jalap and other convolvulaceous Ja'nus green. Adye employed as a stain in bac-
plants. 2. A
purgative preparation of varying teriology and histology.
composition, according to the make, consisting japaconitine (jap-a-kon-I-ten). An alkaloid ob-
largely of convolvulin; dose, gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3).- tained fronx Japanese aconite, Aconitum- fischeri.
jam'bul. The bark of the root of Eugenia jambo, Japanese' riv'er fe'ver. Tsutsugamushi, shima-
lana, rose apple, a tree of the West Indies, possess- mushi, kedani disease, flood fever, island fever;
ing astringent properties; a decoction has been an acute infectious disease, transmitted by a tick,
used in the treatment of gonorrhea, leucorrhea attacking the harvesters of hemp in some parts
and diarrhea. of Japan. It is characterized by fever, painful
James's pow'der [Robert James, English physician, swelling of the lymphatic glands, a small blackish
1705-1776.] Pulvis antimonialis antimonious
; scab on the genitals, neck, or axilla, and an erup-
oxide I, calcium phosphate 2; dose, gr. 3-6 tion of large dark red papules; it is often fatal,
(0.2-0.4). but in favorable cases lasts about two weeks.
James'townweed. Stramonium. Japon'ic acid. An oxidation product of catechu or
Janet's disease' (zh5-na') [Pierre Janet, French phy- catechutannic acid.
sician, *i859.] Psychasthenia. J.'s test, the jar'gon [Fr. gibberish.] Paraphasia, j. apha'siat
patient is told to say "yes" or "no" according paraphasia, see aphasia.
as he feels or does not feel the touch of the Jarisch's oint'ment (yah'rish). [Adolf Jarisch,
Austrian dermatologist, 1850-1902.] Pyro-
gallic acid i, lard 8; used in psoriasis.
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (yah'rish-herks'hi-mer)
[Adolf Jarisch, Karl Herxheimer.] Herx-
heimer* reaction.
Jarjavay's mus'cle (zhar-zhi-va') [Jean Franfois
/or/ovaj', French physician, 1815—1868.] Depres-
sor urethras muscle.
Jar'vis's snare [William Chapman Jarvis, New York
laryngologist, 1855-1895.] A wire snare, tight-
ened by a screw in the handle, used for the cutting
off of polypi and other sessile growths in the nose
and other accessible cavities.
jas'mine. Gelsemium.
Jat'ropha [G. iatros, physician, -I- trophe, nourish-
ment.] A genus of plants of the order Euphor-
hiacecs. J. curcas, Barbados nut, physic-nut, a
plant the seed of which furnishes an oil similar in
its purgative properties to croton oil. J. urens, a
species of South America, the macerated fresh
leaves of which are applied as a rubefacient and
stimulating poultice, and the seeds furnish -a.

purgative oil.
jaundice (jawn'dis) [Fr jaune, yellow.] Icterus, a
yellowish staining of the integuments and deeper
tissues and the excretions with bile pigments.
acathec'tic j., a form due to a loss by the liver
cells of the faculty of preventing the passage into
Janew ay's Sphygmomanometer: A, U-tube manometer, the blood and lymph of the bile secreted by them
with upper part (F) pointed; B, compressing armlet, a
hollow rubber bag with outer leather cuff; C, inflator; acute infec'tious j., Weil's* disease, acholu'ric j.,
D, stopcock with needle-valve; E, cork for closing urobilin j. black j., (1) Winckel's* disease; (2)
manometer when disjointed; F, upper part of manom-
febrile j., Weil's* disease, hema-
eter; G, rubber band to hold F m
place; H, joint; I, icterus melas.
clip for closing manometer tube during transportation. tog'enous j., toxemic j. hemohepatog'enous j.
toxemic j. hepatog'enous j., j. resulting from
examiner's finger; in the case of functional disease of the liver, as distinguished from that
anesthesia he may say "'no" when an anesthetic supposedly due to blood changes, infec'tious j.,
area is touched (the eyes being closed), but will Weil's disease, inog'enous j., icterus neona-
say nothing, being unaware that he is touched, torum, theoretically due to bile pigment, resulting
in case of organic anesthesia. from the transformation of the hemoglobin in the
Jane'way's pill [Edward Gamaliel Janeway, New tissues, erjrthematous skin, and areas of minute
York physician, 1841-1911.] Pilula* aloes et capillary blood extravasation, j. of the new-
podophylli composita (N.F.). born, icterus neonatorum, malig'nant j., icter-
 ,

JAUNDICE Si6 JENNERIAN

us gravis, acute yellow atrophy of the liver. on the arms and legs, situated usually near the
obstruc'tive j., hepatogenous j resulting from
, joints; Steiner's tumors, juxta-articular nodules.
interference with the flow of bile in the bile-ducts. jec'oral ['L. jecur, liver.] Relating to the liver,
occult' j., the presence of bile in the blood in such hepatic.
small amount as to produce no symptoms. jecorin (jek'or-in) [L. jecur, jecoris, liver.] i. A
physiolog'ical j., the mild form of icterus neona- substance found first in the liver, afterward in
torum, due to stagnation of bile in the ducts or the spleen, muscles, blood, and brain; it contains
possibly to a rapid destruction 6f red blood-cor- sulphur and phosphorus. 2. Trade name of a
puscles during the first few days after birth. preparation offered as a substitute for cod-liver oil.
Teten'tion j., obstructive j. toze'mic j., hemato- jec'ur, gen. jec'oris [L.] The liver.
genous j., h^mohepatogenous j,, resulting from Jed'dah ulcer [Jeddah, or Jiddah, an Arabian town on
hemolysis caused by some toxic substance in the the Red Sea.] Oriental boil.*
blood causing hemoclasia; it is often associated jefferso'nia [Thomas Jefferson, American statesman,
with infectious diseases such as malaria, yellow 1 734-1826.] The root of Jeffersor.ia diphylla,
fever, relapsing fever, etc. it is due to an over-
; twinleaf, rheumatism root; employed in rhetmia-
loading of the liver with the broken-down red tism, bronchitis, syphilis, and various nervous
cells, resulting in inspissation of the bile and affections in doses of 5i-i (2.0-4.0) of a fluid-
consequent blocking of the smallest bile-ducts. extract.
urobi'lin j., a yellowish discoloration of the jej'unal. Relating to the jejunum.
skin and conjunctivas associated with uro- jejunectomy (j6-ju-nek'to-ml) [jejunum + G.
bilinuria. ektome, excision.] Exsection of all or a part of
jaun'dice-root. Hydrastis. the jejunum.
Javal's opthalmom'eter (zhS-val') [Louis Emile jejunitis (j6-ju-ni'(ne')tis). Inflammation of the
Javal, French ophthalmologist, 1839-1907.] See jejunum.
ophthalmometer. jeju"nocolos'toniy [L. jejunum + G. kolon, colon,
Javelle wa'ter (zh&-vel') [Javelle, a town in the + stoma, mouth.] Establishment of a communi-
Department of the Seine, France.] Liquor cation between the jejunum and the colon.
potassse chlorinatae (N.F.) ; the solution by this jejunoileitis (jS-ju"no-il-e-i'(e')tis). Inflammation
name used in France at the present time is of jejunum and ileum.
usually one of sodium hypochlorite. jejunoileostomy (j6-ju"no-il-e-os'to-mI) [G. stoma,
javellization (zhS.-vel-i-za'shun) . Purification of mouth.] Establishment of a communication
the water supply by adding sodium or potassium between the jejunum and a non-continuous part
hypochlorite, or Javelle water. of the ileum.
jaw [A.S. ceowan, to chew.] One of the two bony jejunos'tomy [G. stoma, mouth.] The operative
structures, in which the teeth are set, forming the establishment of a fissure through the wall of the
framework of the mouth, big j., actinomycosis, abdomen into the jejunum.
indiarubb'er j., a peculiar condition of the jaw jejunot'omy [G. tome, incision.] Incision into the
caused by the destruction of the bony tissue and jejunum.
its substitution by a dense whitish cancerous jeju'num [L. jejunus, empty.] Intestinum jejunum
growth, lock-j., trismus- lower j., inferior [BNA], the portion of small intestine, about 8
maxilla, mandible, mandibula [BNA]. lump'y feet in length, between the duodenum and the
j., actinomycosis, phossy j. [phosphorus], necro- ileum.
sis of the alveolar process of a jaw caused by Jellinek's sign (yel'e-nek) [Samuel Jellinek, Vien-
phosphorus poisoning, upper j., superior maxilla, nese physician, contemporary.] A brownish
maxilla [BNA]. pigmentation of the eyelids, especially the upper,
in exophthalmic goiter.
absence, agnathia. ankylosis, gnathankylosis. cleft, jell'y [Fr. gel6e; L. gelare, to freeze.] A semisolid
Snathoschisis. having a large, macrognathic, mega- tremulous compound, containing usually some
£nathic. having a protruding, prognathic, progna-
thous, having a small, micrognathic, brachygnathic.
form of gelatin in solution. 'WTiarton's j., the
having a straight or upright, orthognathic, orthogna- gelatinous connective tissue surrounding the
thous. inflammation, gnathitis, pain in, gnathalgia, blood-vessels in the umbilical cord.
.gnathoneuralgia. plastic surgery of, gnathoplasty
senyplasty. spasmodic closure, trismus, gnathospas-
Jemez Hot Springs, New Mexico (ha'mas). Saline
mus, lockjaw. waters. Forty springs in the upper group, 70°
F. to 105° F. Ten or more springs in the lower
jaw-bone. Jaw. group, from 94° F. to 168° F.
jaw-jerk. Jaw reflex.* Jendrassik's maneu'ver (yen-drah'shik) [Ernst
jaw -joint. Articulatio mandibularis, articulation Jendrassik, Hungarian physician, *i8s8.] A
between the mandible or inferior maxilla and the method of emphasizing the patellar reflex:
temporal bone. the subject hooks his hands together by the
Jaworski's bod'ies (yah-vor'ske) [Valery Jaworski, flexed fingers and pulls against them with all
Polish physician, *i849.] Mucous shreds in the his strength, thereby withdrawing his attention
gastric contents in hyperchlorhydria. J.'s test, from the leg muscles and preventing voluntary
in case of hourglass contraction of the stomach, a tension of them.
splashing sound may be obtained on succussion Jenn'er's stain [Louis Jenner, English physician,
of the pyloric half, after syphonage of the contemporary.] Ai
per cent, aqueous solution
. 2
organ. of eosin is mixed with equal parts
of a i per cent,
jaw-wink'ing phenom'enon. Elevation of the up- aqueous solution of methylene blue; at the end of
per eyelid whenever the lower jaw is depressed; 24 hours the precipitate is filtered out and washed
when the mouth is closed there is a slight ptosis with water; to make the stain o
5 gram of the dry
.

of the eyelid the significance of the phenomenon

; precipitate is dissolved in 100 c.c. methyl alcohol.
is not determined. Jenne'rian. Relating to Edward Jenner, English
Jeanselme's nod'ules (zhan-selm') [Edouard Jean- physician, 1749-1823, the introducer, in 1796, of
selme, French physician, *i8s8.] A form of vaccination against smallpox.
J. vaccina'tion,
nocardia marked by the occurrence of nodules arm-to-arm vaccination.
 -

JENNERIZATION S17 JOINT

jenneriza'tion. The operation of jennerizing. Jeffrey's re'flex (zhof-roS') [Alexis Jofroy, Pair-
jen'nerize [Edward Jenner.1 To produce immunity sian physician, 1844-1908.] Hip-phenomenon,
against a disease by inoculation with the attenu- twitching of the glutei muscles when firm pres-
ated pathogenic organisms of the same affection. sure is made on the nates, in cases of spastic
Jensen's classifica'tion of bacte'ria (yen'sen) [Orla paralysis. J.'s sign, (i) immobility of the facial
Jensen, Danish physiological chemist, contem muscles when the eyeballs are roUed upward, in
porary.] See under bacterium. exophthalmic goiter; (2) disorder of the arith-
Jeph'son's powder. Precipitated sulphur 2, guaiac metical faculty (the person being unable to do
resin i used in tonsillitis or acne with constipa-
, simple sums in addition or multiplication) in
tion in doses of gr. 30-60 (2 0-4 o). . . the early stages of general paralysis.
jequiiitin (jS-kwir'it-in). Abrin. joha (yo'hah). A suspension of salvarsan in iodipin
jequir'itol. An active principle of jequirity in 50 and anhydrous lanolin.
per cent, sterile glycerin solution. Johannisbad, Bohemia (yo-hahn'nis-baht). Simple
jequirity (jS-kwir'J-tJ). Prayer-beads, jumble thermal waters, 85° F. Nearby is a weak
beads, crab's-eyes, chicken-eyes, love-peas; the chalybeate spring. Used by drinking and bath-
seeds of Abrus precatorius; employed in 0.5 per ing in neurasthenia, cases of protracted convales-
cent, infusion in the treatment of trachoma and cence, and general debility. May 15 to Sep-
pannus. tember 30.
jerk. I. A sudden pull. 2. A sharp muscular con- Johannis Spring, Prussia (yo-hahn'nis). Gaseous,
traction following a tap on the muscle or its slightly alkaline waters. Used by drinking in
tendon; muscular or tendon reflex, deep reflex. various disorders.
chin j., jaw j. crossed j., MacComiac's reflex, a. Johne's bacil'lus (yo'neh) [Albert Johne, German
muscular contraction on one side following a tap physician.] The pathogenic microorganism of
on muscle or tendon on the other side, jaw j., a dysentery in cattle. J.'s disease', dysentery in
spasmodic contraction of the temporal muscles cattle, associated with spasm of the lower por-
following a downward tap on the loosely hanging tion of the ileum.
mandible, knee j., patellar tendon reflex. John'son's test [Sir George Johnson, English physi-
jerk-fing'er. Trigger-finger. cian, 1818-1896.] A strong solution of picric
jerks (pi.). Chorea or any form of tic. acid is poured gently upon the surface of urine in
jer'vic acid. An acid, CHHuOjj-l-aHjO, derived a test-tube the presence of albumin, albumose, or
;

from veratrum or hellebore. peptone is indicated by a white cloud at the

jervine (jur'ven).An'alkaliod, C26H37NO3, derived junction of the two fluids; if the precipitate is
from veratrum or hellebore; a vasomotor depres- albumin it is increased on heating, if albumose or
sant. peptone it is dissolved by heat.
jess'amine. Jasmin, gelsemium. joint [L. junctura; jungere, to join.] Articulatio,
Jes'uit's bal'sam. Friars' balsam. J.'s bark, cin- articulation, the place of union, usually more or
chona. J.'s drops, friars' balsam. J.'s powder, less movable, between two or more bones, am-
powdered cinchona bark. phidiarthro'dial j., a combined gliding and hinge
jigg'er [chigoe.] Sand-flea, Sarcopsylla penetrans, a j., amphidiarthrosis. ankle j., articulatio talo-
penetrating flea, somewhat smaller than the cruralis [BNA]. arthro'dial j., gliding j., arthro-
common the female bores obliquely into the
flea; dia. ball-and-sock'et j., enarthrosis. biax'ial
epidermis and there causes considerable irritation j., one in which there are two principal axes of
and sometimes inflammation. movement situated at right angles to each other;
jim'son weed. Jamestown weed, stramonium.* the condyloid and the saddle joints are biaxial.
biloc'ular j., one in which the interarticular car-
tilage is complete, dividing the j. into two distinct
cavities. Chopart's j., articulatio tarsi trans-
versa [BNA]. coch'lear j., a variety of hinge
joint in which the elevation and depression, re-
spectively, on the opposing articular surfaces
form part of a spiral, flexion being then accom-
panied by a certain amount of lateral deviation.
com'pound j., one formed of three or more
bones or in which the socket is in part composed
of connective tissue, con'dyloid j., ellipsoidal
j. diarthro'dial j., a freely movable j., diarthro-
sis. elbow j., articulatio cubiti [BNA]. ellip-
soid'al j., a joint in which there are two axes of
motion at right angles to each other, but both
passing through the same bone; distinguished
from a saddle j. enarthro'dial j., ball-and-
socket j., multiaxial j., enarthrosis. false j.,
pseudarthrosis.the result of non-union between
JOBERT DE LaMBALLE's INTESTINAL SUTURE. the fragments of a broken bone, an unnatural
I. passed; 2. tied. motility at a point where there should be solid
bone, finger joints, articulationes digitorum
Jobert de Lamballe's fos'sa (zh6-bair' de lahh-bal') manus [BNA]. gin'glymoid j., hinge j., gingly-
[Antoine Joseph Jobert de Lamballe, Parisian sur- mus. gli'ding j., arthrodial j., arthrodia. hinge
geon, 1799-1867.] The hollow in the upper part j., ginglymus, a uniaxial joint in which the axis of
of the popliteal region.
J. de L.'s opera'tion, movement corresponds with the transverse axis
closure of a vesicovaginal fissure by autoplasty. of the joint, hip j., articulatio coxae [BNA].
J. de L.'s suture^ an interrupted intestinal suture, immov'able j., synarthrosis, ir'ritable j., a con-
used for invaginating the margins of the intes- dition in which acute or subacute inflammatory
tines in circular enterorrhaphy. attacks occur from time to time, often without
 ;
,

JOINT 5^8 JUGOMAXILLARY

any apparent exciting cause, jaw j., articulatio Jolly bod'ies (zh6-le') [J. JoUy, French
physician,
mandibularis (BNA]. knee j., articulatio genu contemporary.] Nuclear nests sometimes seen
[BNA]. mixed j., amphidiarthrosis. mov'able in red blood cells, constituting an intermediate
j., amphiarthrosis, or slightly movable or freely stage of chromatinolysis of the nucleus of the
movable diarthrosis. multiaz'ial j., one in erythroblast.
which movement occurs in a number of axes, Jolly's reac'tion (yol'le) [Friedrich Jolly, German
enarthodiat j., ball-and-socket j. o'pen j., in neurologist, *i844.] Rapid loss of response to
veterinary practice, inflammation of any joint faradic stimulation of a muscle, the galvanic re-
with sloughing of the superficial tissues exposing sponse and the power of voluntary contraction
the articular surfaces, piv'ot j., trochoid j., being retained.
rotary j. polyax'ial j., multiaxial j. ro'tary j., Jones, Bence. See Bence-Jones.
To'tatory j., lateral ginglymus, pivot j., trochoid Jonnesco's fossa (yon-nes'ko) [Thomas Jonnesco
j. ; a uniaxial joint, in which the axis of movement (Toma lonnescu), Bucharest surgeon, contem-
corresponds with that of the longitudinal axis of porary.] Fossa duodenojejunalis, a peritoneal
the joint, one bone rotating on the other; the recess occupying the duodenojejunal angle, ex-
superior radioulnar and the median atloaxoid tending upward a distance of aj to 3 inches.
articulations are examples, sadd'le j., a biaxial J.'s method, the induction of general anesthesia
j., in which two saddle-shaped surfaces, one on by spinal arachnoid
each bone, are opposed to each other at right injections of a mix-
angles, the two axes of motion being therefore ture of strychnine and
situated in different bones; distinguished from stovaine, or other of
an ellipsoidal j. shoui'der j., articulatio humeri the cocaine substi-
[BNA]. sim'ple j., one composed of only two tutes for operations
;

bones, sphe'roid j., a multiaxial j. with more below the diaphragm

or less spherical surfaces; the gliding j. and the the injection is made
ball-and-socket j. are both of this class, spi'ral between the last
j., cochlear j. synarthro'dial j., immovable j., thoracic and first
synarthrosis, 'synarthrodia, toe joints, articulati- lumbar vertebrse, for
ones digitorum pedis [BNA]. tro'choid j., pivot those on the head or JoNNEsco's Fossa.
j., rotary j. uniax'ial j., one in which movement upper part of the ^Landouey and Jayle.)
is around one axis only; when this axis corre- body it is made be-
sponds with the longitudinal axis of the limb, the tween the first and second thoracic vertebra. J.'s
joint is called a lateral ginglymus or rotary joint operation, removal of the sympathetic ganglion on
when the axis of movement orresponds with the both sides of the neck in the treatment of ex-
transverse axis of the joint the joint is a ginglymus ophthalmic goiter.
or hinge joint, uniloc'ulnr j., one in which the Jordan's White Sulphur Springs, Virginia. Alkaline
interarticular cartilage is incomplete or absent, sulphureted waters ,57° F. Used by drinking and
the joint having but a single cavity, wrist j., bathing in gout, rheumatism, diseases of the blood,
articulatio radiocarpea [BNA]. glandular system, stomach, liver, and kidneys.
Jorissenne's sign (zhor-is-sen') [Gustave Jorissenne
absence, anarthria. air in, pneumarthrosis. anatomy, Belgian physician.] The piilse rate is not quick-
arthrology, syndesmology, arthrography, blood in,
hemarthrosis, hemarthron, hemarthrus. breaking up, ened on rising from the recumbent position, in
adhesions, arthroclasia. concretion, arthritolith, arth- the early months of pregnancy-
rolith, arthremphyte, tophus, contracture, ankylosis, joule (jowl) [James Prescott/oM/e, English physicist,
arthrogryposis, curettage, arthroxesis, deformity,
loxarthron, dysarthrosis, disease of, arthropathy, 1818-1889.] A vmit expressing the amount of
osteoarthropathy, dislocation, luxation, exartnroma, work done in one second by an electric current
exarthrosis, abarthrosis, abarticulation. dropsy, hy- of I ampere against a resistance of i ohm.
drarthrosis, hydrarthron, hydrarthrus. exsection,
arthrectomy. false, nearthrosis, pseudarthrosis. fis- .
Joule's equiv'alent [J. P. Joule.'] The dynamic
tula of, arthrosyrinx. immobility, ankylosis, arthro- equivalent of heat, the amount of work which, if
symphysis, acampsia; arthrocleisi arthrodesis (oper-
,
converted into heat, will raise the temperature of
ative), incision into, arthrotomy. inflammation,
arthritis, arthrophlogosis, arthrosia, chondroarthritis, I pound of water i ° F.
arthrochond itis, osteoarthritis, arthrosteitis, synovitis, Jourdain's disease' (zhoor-dan') [Anselme Louis
arthromeningitis. arthrocace, arthrempyesis, arthro- Bernard Jourdain, French surgeon, 1734-1816.]
pyosis, pyarthrosis, white swelling; acroarthritis
(joints of h-nds or feet); monarti-ritis (one joint), Suppurative inflammation involving both the
amarthritis, hamarthritis, polyarthritis (several joints) gums and the alveolar process.
panarthritis (very many or all the joints), pain, ju' gal [L. y«g«>«, yoke.] i. Connecting, yoked. 2.
arthralgia, arthrodynia, arthroneuralgia. plastic sur-
gery, arthroplasty, pus in, arthremi)yesis, arthro- Relating to the malar, or zygomatic, bone. j.
pyosis, pyarthrosis. stiffness, ankylosis, arthrosym- bone, malar bone. j. lig'ament, ligamentum cor-
physis, acampsia; arthrocleisis, arthrodesis (operative). niculopharyngeum. j. point, jugale.
supernumerary, arthroperissia. tumor, arthrocele,
arthroncus, arthrophyma. juga'le. Jugal point, a craniometric point corre-
sponding to the angle between the vertical border
]oint-cap'sule. Capsular ligament of a joint. and the margin of the zygomatic process of the
joint-e'vil.Anesthetic leprosy. malar bone.
joint-mouse. Loose cartUage, or other body, in a jugged. Noting a horse with intermittent swellings
joint. in glanders.
Jobit-m-.'scle. A muscle which causes motion at a juglan'dic acid. An acid from the bark of the
joint. butternut Juglans cinerea.
tree,
Jolles's test (yol'las) [Adoli Jolles, Austrian chemist, ju'glans, gen. juglan'dis. (N.P.) Butternut bark,
*i862.] For bile: a precipitate is obtained by the root bark of Juglans cinerea, a forest tree of
agitation with chloroform, a solution of barium eastern North America; employed as an hepatic
chloride, and hydrochloric acid the precipitate is
; stimulant and cathartic in doses of 5 1 (4 o) of
removed and the addition of a drop or two of the N.F. fluidextract.
sulphuric acid will produce a play of color if bile- jugomax'illary. Relating to the malar bone, or
pigments are present. zygomatic process, and the maxilla.
 ;

JUGULAR SiQ JUXTAPOSITION

jugular (ju'gu-lar) [L. jugulum, throat.] i. Relat- bands running obliquely between the
fasciculi or
ing to the throat or neck. a. Relating to the tendons of insertion of the extensor digitorum
jugular veins. 3. A
jugular vein. j. foTa'men, a communis on the dorsmn of the hand.
passage between the petrous portion of the temp- June cold. Rose-cold.
oral bone and the jugular process of the occipital, Jung's mus'cle (yoong) [Karl Gustav Jung,
sometimes divided into two by the intrajugular Swiss anatomist, 1794-1864.] Musculus pyra-
processes; it contains the internal jugular vein, midalis auriculae.
inferior petrosal sinus, the glossopharyngeal, Jungbluth's va'sa pro'pria (yoong'bloot) [Hermann
pneumogastric, and spinal accessory nerves, Jungbluth, German physician, contemporary.]
and meningeal branches of the ascending pharyn- Embryonic blood-vessels beneath the amnion.
geal and occipital arteries, j. fossa, (i) an oval jungle-plant (jung'gl). Combreium sundiacum, a,
depression near the posterior border of the pet- climbing plant of southeastern Asia, the leaves
rous portion of the temporal bone, to the inner and bark of which are reputed to be curative of
side of the styloid process, ending at the jugu- the opium-smoking habit.
lar notch; in it lies the beginning of the in- junip'erus (N.P.). Juniper berries, the dried ripe
ternal jugular vein; (2) the hollow in the neck fruit of Juniperus communis; diuretic and stimu-
just above the sternal notch, j. notch, (i) lant, employed in cystitis, chronic gonorrhea, and
incisura jugularis [BNA], prestemal, supra- Bright's disease in the form of an infusion; dose,
sternal, or interclavicular notch, the slightly 51 (4.0) of the N.P. fluidextract.
concave upper margin of the manubrium stemi Junod's arm or boot (zhii-no') [Victor Theodore
between the clavicular facets; (2) the groove Junod, Parisian physician, 1809-1881.] An air-
in front of the jugular process of the occipital tight case into which the arm or leg is inserted and
bone; (3) a groove on the posterior border the air is then exhausted used to remove a por-
;

of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; tion of the blood temporarily from the circulation.
the j. foramen is formed by the apposition jurispru'dence [L. jus, gen. juris, law + prudentia,
of (2) and (3). j. process, a bony prominence providentia, provision.] The science of law.
projecting from the posterior half of the lateral medical j., medicolegal science, forensic medicine,
portion of the occipital bone in the direction of the practical interrelation of law and medicine;
the temporal, its anterior border forming the the application of medical science to the determi-
posterior boundary of the jugular foramen, j, nation of legal questions; the law in its bearing
tu'bercle, an oval elevation on the cerebral surface on the practice of medicine.
of the lateral part of the occipital bone, on either jury-mast. An upright bar, of which the lower
side of the foramen magnum, j. veins, see under extremity is fixed in a plaster-of-Paris jacket or
vena. spinal support, and the upper recurving extremity
jugula'tion [L. jugulare, to cut the throat.] The carries a sling in which the chin and occiput rest
abortion or sudden arrest of a disease by used as a support to the head in cases of Pott's
medicinal or other measures. disease of the cervical vertebr£e.
ju'gulum [L.j Neck or throat. Jussieuan sys'tem (jus-e-u'an) [Antoine Laurent de
ju'gum, pi. ju'ga [L. a yoke ] A ridge or furrow Jussieu, French botanist, 1699-1776.], The
natural system of botanical classification, as dis-
connecting two points, j. alveola're [BNA], pi.
tinguished from the artificial or Linnean* system.
ju'ga alveola'ria, alveolar yoke; one of the hol-
lows on the anterior surface of the alveolar proc- According to this all plants are grouped under
three main divisions: Acotyledones (Crypto-
esses between the ridges formed by the roots of
the incisor teeth, j. cerebra'le[BNA], pi. jVgo
gamia of Linn^), Monocotyledones, and Dicot-
yledones, the latter being further divided into
cerebra'lia, cerebral projection; one of theele-
apetalous, monopetalous, and polypetalous.
^rations on the upper surface of the orbital
jus'to ma'jor (TL. larger than normal.] Noting a
plates of the frontal bpne, in the anterior cranial
pelvis the diameters of which are greater than the
fossa, alternating with depressions, the digitate
average, .j. mi'nor [L. smaller than normal],
impressions, j. penis, a forceps used for tem-
noting a pelvis the diameters of which are below
porary compression of the penis, j. sphenoidale,
the average.
a plane surface on the sphenoid bone, in
Jus'tus's test [J. Justus, Himgarian dermatologist,
front of the sella turcica, connecting the two
lesser wings, and forming part of the anterior
contemporary.] A
test for syphilis determined

cranial fossa.
by the change in the hemoglobin average follow-
ing a single dose of mercury, preferably by
juice (jus) [L. jMj.] 1. The tissue-fluid of a plant
inunction in secondary or tertiary or congenital
:

or animal. 2. A digestive secretion, cancer j.,

syphilis the hemoglobin average falls during the
the liquid exuding from the cut surface of a can-
first twenty hours following the administration
ferous growth, gas'tric j., intes'tinal j., pancre-
of mercury and then rises higher than it was
at'ic j., etc., see the qualifying words.
before the drug was given.
Jum'ble-beads. Jequirity.
jute (jut) [Bengali name.] Fiber from the inner bark
jum'bo-soap. A hard, strongly alkaline soap, con- of the plants Corchorus capsularis and C. olitorius,
taining pumice, used in scrubbing the skin of natives of Asia; used in surgical dressings.
the patient before operation. juvan'tia [L. aids; juvare, to assist, help.] Adju-
jum'bul. Jambul. vants, remedies or appliances which assist or in-
jum'per. The subject of a nervous disorder mani- tensify the action of others.
festedby a sudden jump or other violent move- ju'venile [L. juvenis, young.] Young, characteristic
, ment when the person is touched or suddenly ad- of youth, relating to a child.
dressed in a loud tone. juzta- [L. near to.] A prefix denoting close
jumps (pi.). 1. Nervous twitching, jerks; chorea proximity to the part denoted by the word
2. Delirium tremens. to which it is joined, as juxta-ariicular near
junctu'ra, pi juncturts [L. a joining.] i. Articula- a joint, juxiapyloric, adjoining the pylorus, etc.
tion, joint. 2. Juncture; point, line, or surface of juxtaposition (juks-tah-po-zish'un). A position
union of two parts, junctu'rae ten'dinum, slender side by side, apposition, contiguity.
 S20 KARYOKINETIC

K
(For words not found under initial K, see under C.)

K. Chemical symbol for potassium (L. kalium). a deficiency disease, due to lack of fat-soluble
Ka. Ca, abbreviation for cathode or cathodal. vitamines.
Kader-Senn opera'tion (kah'der) [Bronislaw Kader, kalmerid (kal'mS-rid). Trade name of an anti-
Polish surgeon, contemporary; Nicholas Senn, septic preparation of potassium mercuric iodide,
American surgeon, 1844-1908.] An opera- employed in the sterilization of catgut.
tion for the establishment of a gastric fistula. Kal'muk type [Kalmuk, a Mongolian race in
A cone of the cardiac end of the stomach is Asia and southern Russia.] Mongolian idiocy.*
brought out through a small incision; into the kama'la, kame'la. Rottlera, the hairs and glands
apex of this cone a glass tube is inserted and from the capsules of Mallotus philippensis, a
then pushed in so as to invaginate the cone, small evergreen' tree of India, Africa, and Austra-
which is retained by a purse-string suture. lia, occurring in the form of a reddish granular
Kah'ler's disease' [Kahler, Vienna physician, 1849- powder; purgative and anthelmintic in doses of
1893.] Myelopathic albumosuria, multiple mye- 31-3 (4.0-12.0).
loma; a destructive disease of the marrow of kangaroo'-ten'don. A tendon from the tail of the
the bones forming the thoracic cage; the symp- kangaroo-rat or wallaby, fibers of which are used
toms consist in pains in the affected bones and as a ligature material.
spontaneous fractures, pernicious anemia, emacia- kan'gri bum cancer. A
squamous-celled epitheli-
tion, debility, and the excretion by the kidneys oma of the abdomen or thighs, occurring in
of heteralbumose. natives of Kashmir; it is apparently localized by
kainite (ki'nit) [G. kainos, new.] A
mineral earth irritation from the kangri, a portable fire basket
consisting of potassium chloride and magnesium which the people carry under their clothes to
sulphate, of value as a fertilizer. keep themselves warm.
kai'rin. Oxyquinoline-ethyltetrahydride hydrochlo- kaoli'num (N.P. and
ride; a light grayish crystalline powder, of saline Br.). Kaolin, fuller's
bitterish taste, soluble in water. Antipyretic in earth, porcelain clay,
doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). aluminum silicate,
kairolin (ki'ro-lin). Chinolin-methyl hydrate, Ci,,- powdered and freed
Hi,N, possessing antipyretic properties. from gritty particles
Kaiser Brunnen, Prussia (ki'zer-broon-en). See by elutriation ; em-
Aix-la-Chapelle. ployed occasionally as
Kaiserling's meth'od (ki'zer-ling) [Karl Kaiserling a dusting powder,
German pathologist, *i869.] Amethodof preserv- but chiefly in the
ing histological and pathological specimens with- form of a poultice
out altering the color; the specimens are im- with glycerin.
mersed in a solution of potassium nitrate 10, kaolino'sis. Pneumono-
potassium acetate 30, formalin 750, distilled coniosis caused by
water to make 1000. the inhalation of clay
kakidro'sis [G. kakos, bad, -t- hidrosis, perspiration.] dust. A Kangri, or Indian Fire
Bromidrosis. Kap'lan's test [D. M. Basket.
kakke (kak'ka) [Jap.] Beriberi. Kaplan, New York
kakos'niia. Cacosmia. serologist, contemporary.] For globulin; o 5 c.c. .

kala azar (kah'lah-ah'zar) [Hind, kala, black, + of cerebrospinal fluid is heated in a test-tube until it
azar, poison.] Tropical splenomegaly. Dum- boils up
twice, then 3 drops of a 5 per cent, solution
dum fever a chronic, usually fatal, disease occur-
; of butyric acid in physiological saline solution are
ring in India, Assam, and other parts of tropical added and followed immediately with o . 5 c.c. of a
Asia, characterized by an irregular fever, enlarge- supersaturated ammonium sulphate solution;
ment of the spleen, hemorrhages, dropsy, and an excess of globulin shows itself by the appear-
extreme emaciation. The cause is a protozoan ance in 20 minutes of a thick granular ring.
parasite, the Leishman Donovan body, or Leish- Kaposi's _ disease' (kah'-po-she) [Moriz Kohn
mania donovani, present in the spleen, liver, and Kaposi, Vienna dermatologist, 1837-1902.]
other parts of the body. Xeroderma* pigmentosum.
kalada'na (B.A.). Pharbitis nil, the dried seeds Karell cure (kah'rel) [Philip
J. Karell, Russian
of Ipomasa hederacea; purgative and anthel- physician, ti886.] Treatment of cardiac weak-
mintic in doses of gr. 30-50 (2.0-3.3). kalada'- ness, renal insufficiency, and high blood-pressure
n«e resi'na (B.A.), pharbitisin, prepared in the by means of rest in bed and a restricted milk diet
same way as resin of jalap purgative in doses
;
(not over a quart a day sipped in small quantities),
of gr. 2-8 (0.13-0.5). continued for five or six days.
ka'li [Ger.] Potassium. Karlsbad, Germany. See Carlsbad.
kallm'eteT, Alkalimeter. karyenchyma (kar-I-en'ki-mah). Caryenchyma.
kalium [L.] Potassium. karyo-. For words so beginning (referring to the
kallak' [Eskimo word meaning skin disease] A nucleus of a cell) see caryo-.
peculiar pustular dermatitis observed among the karyokine'sis. Caryocinesia.
Eskimos of the Labrador coast; it is possibly karyokinet'ic. Caryocinetic.
KATA S21 KERANDEL'S SYMPTOM

kata-. For words so beginning (katabolism, kata- Keen's sign [William Williams Keen, Philadelphia
lepsy, etc.) see cala-. surgeon, *i837.] "Increased width at the malleoli
Katal'ysine Springs, Pennsylvania. See Gettysburg in Pott's fracture.
Springs, Pennsylvania. kefir, kefyr. Kephir.
katayama disease (kah-tah-yah'mah diz-ez') [Jap. Kehr's opera'tion. [Hans Kehr, German surgeon,
Katayama, Mountainside, a town in Japan * 1 8 6 2 .] Extirpation of the gall-bladder and cystic
where the disease is common.] A disease marked duct, followed by drainage of the hepatic duct.
by painful enlargement of the liver and spleen, K.'s sign, violent pain in the left shoulder in a.
dropsy, anemia, and dysenteric symptoms, with case of rupture of the spleen.
or without fever; it is caused by Schistosoma keirospasm (ki'ro-spazm) [G. keiro, I shear.]
japonicum. Shaving cramp, xyrospasm.
kathisophobia (kath"!(-so-fo'b!l-ah) [G. kathisis, a Keith's bun'dle [Arthur Keith, London anatomist,
sitting, + phobos, fear.] An inability to sit still. *i86i.] Sinoatrial bundle.* K.'s node, sinoatrial
kath'odal, kath'ode. Cathodal, cathode. node.*
Kathrein's test (kaht'rfn). Ai per cent, alcoholic Keith and Flack's node [Arthur Keith; Martin
solution of iodine is poured gently over urine in a Flack, English physiologist, contemporary.] Sino-
test-tube; if bile pigment is present an emerald atrial, or srnoauricular, node.*
green color appears at the line of contact; same fcelectome (ke'lek-tom) [G. kelS, tumor, -1- ektome,
as Mar&hal's, Smith's, or Trousseau's test. excision.] An instrument employed, like the
kat'ion. Cation. harpoon, to remove a, specimen of tumor-sub-
katopho'ria. Catophoria. stance for examination.
Eaufmann's meth'od (kowf'mahn) [Pritz Kauf- kelene (ke'len) [G. klleo, I charm, beguile.] A
mann, German neurologist, *i875.] Treat- trade name for ethyl chloride.
ment of psychogenic motor disturbances in ke'lis [G. a stain, spot, blemish.] a. Morphea, z
soldiers by (i) suggestion, (2) the application Cheloid.
of electricity causing marked sensory impres- Kell'ing's test [Georg Kelling, German physician,
sions, and (3) active exercises initiated by sharp contemporary.] i. For lactic acid: the addition
military commands, the three procedures being of a drop or two of a 5 per cent, solution of
carried out at one stance. chloride of iron to the diluted stomach contents
kava (kah'vah) [Hawaiian name. ] (N.P.) Kava- will produce a greenish-yellow color if lactic
kava, methysticum, the decorticated and dried acid is present. 2. For malignant disease: the
rhizome of Piper methysticum; stimulant diuretic, serum of a person with suspected cancer is
in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6) of the extract, mixed with a suspension of washed red blood
and of nuio-is (0.6-1.0) of the N.F. fluidex- corpuscles from a hen; hemolysis of the hen's
tract. corpuscles indicates a positive reaction.
kavse rhizoma (kah've-ri-zo'mah). (B.A.) Kava, Kell'ock's sign. For the differentiation of a pleural
methysticum. effusion from pneumonia, vibration of the ribs
kavaine (kah'vah-en). Methjrsticine, an alkaloid occurring, when percussed, in the former condi-
from the kava-root; employed in cystitis, gout, tion but not in the latter.
and gonorrhea. Kelly's rec'tal spec'ulum [Howard A. Kelly,
kavatel oil (kah'vah-tel). An oil expressed from Baltimore surgeon, *i8s8.] A tubular spec-
the seeds of Hydrocarpus wightiana, a tree of the ulum, with obturator, for rectal examination.
Malabar Coast, used as a substitute for chaul- ke'Ioid [G. kele, a tumor (or kelis, a spot), 4- eidos,
moogra oil. appearance.] x. Morphea, 2. Cheloid. ac'ne k.,
kayak ver'tigo (ka-yak') [Esquimo, kayak, a small sycosis nuchae necrotizans. Ad'dison's k., morphea.
fishing canoe.] A sudden fear which sometimes Al'ibert's k., cheloid.
seizes an Esquimo fisherman when alone in his ke'Ios. Keloid.
canoe (kayak) far from land; it is not always keloso'mia, keloso'mus. Celosomia, celosomus.
associated with dizziness and is really a phobia* kelot'omy [G. kele, hernia, + tome, incision.] Her-
rather than vertigo. niotomy, division of the constricting neck of the
Kayser's disease' (ki'zer). An affection marked by sac for the relief of strangulated hernia.
an intention tremor, a greenish discoloration of kel'vin [Lord Kelvin (William Thompson), British
the cornea, and a general pigmentation of the physicist, *i824.] A commercial unit of elec-
body, associated with cirrhosis of the liver, tricity of 1000 volt hours.
splenomegaly, and diabetes. kenopho'bia. Cenophobia.
KBr. Potassium bromide. kenotozin (ken-o-tok'sin) [G. kenos, empty, ex-
KC2H3O2. Potassium acetate. hausted.] Fatigue toxin.*
KCl. Potassium chloride. Kent-His bun'dle [Stanley Kent, English physician
KCIO. Potassium hypochlorite, the solute of and physiologist, contemporary; W. His, Jr.]
Javelle water. His's bundle, atrioventricular bundle.*
KCIO3. Potassium chlorate. kentrokine'sia. Centrocinesia.
KjCOj. Potassium carbonate, pearl-ash kephal'dol [G. kephale, head, -I- L. dolor, pain.]
Kea'ting-Hart's meth'od [Walter Valentine de Trade name of citrophenetidin-chininasodium
Keating-Hart, French physician, contemporary.] citrate, a brown powder of bitter taste; antipy-
Pulguration in the treatment of external cancer retic and analgesic in doses of gr. lo-i 5 (o 6-1 o).
. .

or of the field of operation after the removal of a keph'alin. Cephalin.

malignant growth. kephir, kephyr (kef'er) [Caucasian name.] A
keda'ni disease' [Jap. kedani, head-louse.] Japan- curdled milk obtained by the addition of a fer-
ese* river fever, caused by the bite of a red ment containing a lactic-acid bacillus and a
*
tick. yeast plant, k. grains, little masses or grains of
Kee'ley cure [Leslie E. Keeley, American physician, the dried ferment used in preparing kephyr.
1832-1900.] A secret method of treatment of keracele (ker'S-sel). Ceratocele.
alcoholism, said to be by the administration of Kerandel's symp'tom (ker-an-del') [Jean Francois
strychnine and of gold chloride. Kerandel, French colonial physician, *i873.]
 ;;

KERANDEL'S SYMPTOM S22

KERATOMALAC]

Deep-seated hyperesthesia observed in cases of with the formation of numerous small vesicles i

sleeping sickness. the surface, xerot'ic k., keratomalacia.

keraphyllocele (ker-4-fil'o-sel) [G. keras, horn, + kerato- [G. keras, horn.] A prefix denoting t
phyllon, leaf, + kele, hernia, tumor.] horn A comea or homy tissue or cells. Also, and cc
tumor on the internal face of the wall of a horse's rectly, written cerato-, under which see tho
foot. words not found here.
ker'asin. Cerasin. keratoangio'ma [G. keras, horn, + angeion, vess(
keratalgia (ker-S-tal'jI-ah) [G. keras, horn, +
algos, + -otna.'] Angiokeratoma.
pain.] Ceratalgia, pain in the cornea. ker'atocele. Ceratocele.
keratectasia (ker-a-tek-ta'sl-ah) [G. keras, horn, + keratocente'sis. Ceratocentesis.
ekiasis, extrusion.] Keratoconus, staphyloma, keratoconjunctivitis (ker"a.-to-kon-junk-tI-vi' (ve'
protrusion of the cornea. Inflammation of the conjunctiva at tl
tis).
keratec'tomy [G. keras (kerai-), horn, +
ektome, border of the comea
excision.] Excision of a greater or lesser portion
. keratoco'nus [G. keras (kerai-), horn, -I- konos, com
of the cornea. Conical comea, a conical protrusion of the cent
kerat'ic [G. kerasQierat-), horn.] Homy, corneous. of the comea due to non-inflammatory thinnii
ker'atin [G. keras, horn.] Ceratin, epidermose; a of the membrane.
scleroprotein or albuminoid present largely in keratocri'coid. Ceratocricoid.
cuticular structures such as hair, nails, horns, etc. keratoder'ma. Keratodermia.
it contains a relatively large amount of sulphur. keiatodermatitis (ker"a-to-dur-ma,-ti'(te')tis) [(

It is insoluble in the gastric juices and it is for keras, horn, + derma, skin, + -itis.'] Inflammi
this reason sometimes used for coating pills tion with proliferation of the homy layer of tl
which are intended to be dissolved only in the skin, ceratodermatitis.
intestine. keratodermia (ker"a-to-dtir'nJ-ah) [G. keras{kerai-
ker'atinize. To become homy. hom, + derma, skin.] A more or less generalize
ker'atinoid. Trade name of a keratin-coated pill hypertrophy of the homy layer of the epidermi
or tabloid. ceratodermia. k. eccen'trica, porokeratosis, tl
kerat'inous. Relating to keratin. occurrence of patches of hypertrophy of tl
keratitis [G keras, horn, + -itis.l
(ker-a.-ti'(te')tis) homy layer with a wart-like elevated border. 1

Inflammation of the cornea; ceratitisT deep k., palma'ris et planta'ris, k. symmefrica, the 0(
parenchymatous k. den'drifomi k., dendrit'ic k., currence of symmetrical patches of hypertroph
inflammation of the cornea marked by a branch- of the homy layer of the epidermis, of troph
ing linear ulcer, fascic'ular k., a phlyctenular k. origin, on the palms and soles.
followed by the formation of a band or fascicle of keratogen'esis [G. keras, hom, + genesis, produi
blood-vessels extending from the margin toward tion.] The production or origin of homy cells c

the center, herpet'ic k., inflammation of the tissue.

cornea accompanying zoster, hypo'pyon k., keratogenet'ic. Relating to keratogenesis.
purulent k. with perforating ulcer resulting in the keratogenous (ker-3.-toj'en-us). Causing a growl
presence of pus in the anterior chamber, inter- of homy tissue, ceratogenous.
sti'tial k., parenchymatous k. k. bullo'sa, keratoglo'bus [G. keras(kerai-), hom, + L. globu
inflammation of the cornea with the formation of ball.] Buphthalmos.
bullae, k, profun'da, deep k., a deep-seated keratogloss'us. Ceratoglossus.
inflammation of the cornea, accompanied with keratohelco'sis [G. keras, hom(comea), helkosi +
more or less opacity, of benign course, lagoph- ulceration.] Ulceration of the comea.
thal'mic k., inflammation of the cornea from ker"atohy'alin. Eleidin.
irritation caused by inability to close the eyelids. ker'atoid [G. keras, hom, +
eidos, resemblance
mar'ginal k., phlyctenular conjunctivitis occur- Homy, corneous; resembling corneal tissue.
ring at the sderocomeal junction, neuropara- keratoiditis (ker-a-toy-di'(de')tis). Keratitis.
lyt'xc k., ulceration of the comea occurring with keratoiridoscope (ker-S-to-i-rid'o-skop) [G. ken
trigeminal paralysis, parenchy'matous k., inter- (kerat-), hom(comea), + iris(irid-) + skope^
stitial k., a chronic inflammation, with cellular I examine.] A lens or double lens used in tl
infiltration of the middle and posterior layers of inspection of the comea and iris.
the comea. phlycten'ular k., an inflammation keratoiritis (ker-a-to-i-ri'(re')tis) [G. keras{kerat-
of the corneal conjunctiva with the formation of hom (comea), + iris + -itis.l Inflammation (

small red nodules of lymphoid tissue (phlycten- both comea and iris.
ulae). punc'tate k., k. punctata, descemetitis keratoleucoina(ker"a-to-lu-ko'mah)[G. feras(jfeera(-
the occurrence of small opaque spots on the pos- comea, -I- leukos, white, H- -oma.] A whii
terior surface of the comea, occurring in inflam- corneal opacity.
mation of the uveal tract, reap'ers' k., traumatic keratol'ysis [G. keras(kerai-), hom, -I- lysis, soli
k. due to a wound by a spicule of rye or other tion.] Separation or loosening of the honi
I.
grain inflicted while harvesting, rib'bon-shaped layer of the epidermis. 2. Specifically a disea:

I
k., the presence of a grayish white band laterally characterized by a shedding of the epidenn
across the comea in the aged, sclero'sing k., recurring at more or less regular intervals decii ;

inflammation of the comea complicating scleritis. uous skin.

Buperfi'cial punc'tate k., the occurrence of numer- keratolyt'ic. Relating to keratolysis; desquam;
ous small grayish spots in the superficial layers of five.
the comea with radiating lines and some fogging. kerato'ma, pi. kerato'mata [G. keras, hom.] i . Ca
I
tracho'matous k., vascular k. vas'cular k., super losity, keratosis(2). 2. A homy tumor, k. di
fieial infiltration of the comea and roughness of fu'sum, ichthyosis congenita, k. planta're su
the epithelial layer accompanied with a develop- ca'tum, marked thickening of the epidermis
ment of blood-vessels between Bowman's mem- the soles of the feet, seamed with numerous dee
brane and the epithelial layer; when pronounced furrows, k. seni'le, senile k., one of the lesioi
it gives rise to pannus vasculoneb'ulous k., in keratosis senilis.
pannus. vesic'ular k., inflammation of the comea keratomalacia (ker"a-to-mal-a'sI-ah) [G. keras, hor
 .

RATOMALACIA 523 KERY-RETZIUS COPUSCLES

malakia, softness.] Xerotic keratitis, dryness seborrho'ica, k. senilis, k. seni'lis, verruca senilis,
ith ulceration and perforation of the cornea senile warts, a growth of one or more patches of
curring in cachectic children. corneous hypertrophy on the face in old age. k.
itome. Keratotome. suprafollicula'ris, k. pilaris.
itometer (ker-S,-tom'e-ttir) [G. keras(kerat-), ker'atotome. Keratome, a knife used for incising
3rn(cornea), + metrtyn, measure.] An in- the cornea.
rument for measuring the ciirvatures of the keratot'omy [G. keras{kerat-), horn (cornea), -1-
>rneal surface. tome, incision.] Incision through the cornea.
.tom'etry. Measurement of the degrees of keraunoneurosis (kS-raw"no-nu-ro'sis) [G. keraunos,
imeal curvature. thunderbolt, -I- neuron, nerve.] A neurosis
itomycosis (ker-§,-to-nii-ko'sis) [G. kerasi,keral-), excited by a stroke of lightning or resulting from
Dm(comea), +
mykes, fungus.] Disease of the fright caused by a thunder storm.
jmea due to the presence of a fungous growth. keraunophobia (kS-raw"no-fo'bI-ah) [G. keraunos,
itono'sis [G. keras, horn.] Any abnormal non- thunder and lightning, + phobos, fear.] Extreme
.flammatory affection of the homy layer of the fear of thunder and lightning;
cin. kerec'tomy. Keratectorny.
Lton'osus [G. horn, + nosos,
keras, disease.] ke'rion [G. honeycomb.] A
single hypertrophic
ny disease of the cornea, ceratonosus. lesion of tinea tonsurans, similar to granuloma
Ltonyzis (ker"S-to-niks'is) [G. keras{kerat-), horn, trichophy ticum
:omea), +
nyxis, a pricking.] Puncture of the keritherapy (ke-r5!-ther'S,-p!). Kerotherapy.
)mea specifically, operative puncture with a view
; Kerk'ring's folds [Theodor Kerkring, Dutch anato-
) couching or needling the lens in cataract; mist, 1640-1693.] K.'s valves. K.'s nod'ule,
eratocentesis. nodulus valvulse semilunaris. K.'s oss'icle, an
atoplasty [G. keras (kerat-), hom(comea), + occasional independent center of ossification in
lasso, I form.] Trephining of the cornea; the occipital bone, in the middle of the posterior
jmoval of a portion of the cornea containing an border of the foramen magnum. K.'s valves,
pacity and the insertion in place of it of a piece transverse folds of mucous membrane in the small
E the same size and shape removed from the eye intestine, plicae* circulares, valviJse conniventes.
E an animal; corneal grafting, op'tic k., trans- kermes-mineral (kur'mez-min'er-al) [kermes, a red
lantation of transparent corneal tissue to replace dye.] Antimonium sulphuratum, a mixture of
leucoma or a scar which obstructs vision, tec- antimony sulphide and oxide.
)n'ic k., grafting of corneal material on a part Ker'nig's sign [Waldemar Kernig, St. Petersburg
•here it has been lost, without attempt to restore physician, *i84o.] When the subject lies upon
le transparency. the back and the thigh is flexed to a right angle
itoscleritis (ker"a-to-skle-ri'(re')tis) [G. keras with the axis of the trunk, complete extension of
ierai-), hom(comea), + E. sclera + G. -itis.] the leg on the thigh is impossible; present in
[iflammation of both cornea and sclera. various forms of meningitis.
atoscope [G. keras, horn, +
skopeo, I examine.] kern-plas'ma rela'tion the'ory [Ger. kern, kernel,
n instrument marked with lines or circles by nucleus.] A theory enunciated by Hertwig (1903)
leans of which the corneal reflex can be observed; that a definite relation as to size normally exists
lacido's^disc. in every cejl between the mass of nuclear material
itos'copy [G. keras(kerai-) , hom(comea), + and that of the protoplasm.
zopia, an examining.] i. Examination of the kerocaine (ker'o-kah-en) .Trade name of novo-
ifiections from the anterior surface of the cornea caine of English manufacture.
Lorder to determine the character and amount of ker'oid [G. keroeides, hom-shaped, horn-like.]
jmeal astigmatism. 2. A term first applied by Keratoid.
uignet to his method of retinoscopy* on the kerotherapy (ke-ro-ther'S,-pif) [G. keros, wax, -|-
leory that the phenomenoii was a corneal tkerapeia, treatment.] Treatment of burns and
:flex. denuded surfaces by ambrine or similar wax or
itose (ker'a-tos). Homy; relating to or marked paraffin preparations.
y keratosis. ketogenic (ke-to-jen'ik) [ketone{a,ceton.e) + gennao, I
ito'sic. Relating to or marked by keratosis. produce.] Producing acetone.
.cones, homy pointed or rounded elevations on ke'tol, ke'tole. Indol.
le hands and feet, occasionally observed in cases ke'tone [from acetonef] A
substance, with the
:gonorrheal rheumatism. characterizing atom group (CO) linking two
ito'sis [G. keras(kerat-), horn.] 1. Any disease hydrocarbon groups; there are a number of
: the epidermis, especially one marked by the ketones, the most important in medicine being
resence of circumscribed overgrowths of the dimethylketone, or acetone.
jrny layer. ^. An individual lesion of this ketoplas'tic [ketone {acetone) + plassd, I form.]
iture, more properly called keratoma, k. fol- causing the formation of acetone, or its excretion
lula'ris, Darier's disease, ichthyosis foUicularis, in the urine and breath.
iorospermosis, an overgrowth of the homy layer ke'tose. A carbohydrate containing the charac-
: the epidermis spreading out from the openings terizing group of the ketones (CO).
: the hair-follicles, k. nigricans, acanthosis keynote (ke'not). In homeopathy, one of the
^gricans, an affection marked by particles of characteristic symptoms of a drug, serving as a
!gmented, wartlike overgrowths, chiefly on the guide for the exhibition of the remedy when a,
:in of the face, neck, and hands, in cases of similar symptom occurs in disease.
sceral cancer, k. obtu'rans, laminated epithe- Key-Ret'zius cor'puscles [Ernst Axel Henrik Key,
il plug, an accretion of epithelia in the external Swedish physician, 1832-1901; Magnus Gustaf
iditory canal, k. pila'ris, pityriasis pilaris, Reizius, Swedish histologist, *i842.] Tactile cor-
;hen pilaris, roughening of the skin of the thighs puscles, resembling those of Pacini, fe^nd in the
id arms, especially in cold weather, by the for- beak of certain aquatic birds. K.-R. foram'ina,
.ation of plugs of homy epithelium in the open- openings in the pia mater transmitting the
igs of the hair-follicles, k. seborrhoe'ica, k. choroid plexus to the fourth ventricle.
KEYSTONE MINERAL SPRING 524 KIDNEY

Key'stone Mln'eral Spring, Maine. Mild alkaline- not'ic k., passive congestion of the k. cys'tic

chalybeate waters. Used by drinking in dyspep- k., one which contains one or more cysts filled with
sia, and in inflammatory renal, bladder, and a clear or brownish serous fluid or colloid matter.
genitourinary disorders. diaphragmat'ic lig'ament of the k., that segment of
kharsivan (kar'si-van) Trade name of an
. the mesorchium which extends to the diaphragm.
English made substitute for salvarsan, used in fat'ty k., large white k., soapy k. float'ing k.,
the same manner and dosage as the latter. the abnormally mobile kidney in nephroptosia.
khat. An Abyssinian drink made from Catha* gout'y k., granular k. gran'ular k., chronic
edulis. interstitial an affection of the
nephritis; k.
KHCO3. Potassium bicarbonate. characterized by hyperplasia and contraction of
KHSO4. Acid potassium sulphate, potassium the interstitial connective tissue, with induration
bisulphate. of the organ usually associated with arteriosclero-
;

KI. Potassium iodide. sis, heart k., the small granular k., due to
kibe (Hb). A chap, a chilblain. sclerosis, occurring in certain cases of valvular
Xickapoo' Magnet'ic Springs, Indiana. Light alka- heart disease, horse'shoe k., union of the lower
line-calcic waters, 50° P. Used by drinking extremities of the two kidneys by a band of tissue
and bathing in rheumatism, dyspepsia, irrita- extending across the vertebral column, in'gui-
bility of the bladder, and prostatitis. nal lig'ament of the k., the segment of the mes-
kid'ney [A. S. cwith, womb, belly, -t- neere, kidney.] orchium extending to the inguinal region, k. of
One of the two organs (L. ren, G. nephros) which preg'nancy, a pathological change in the kidneys,
excrete the urine. The kidneys are bean-shaped said to occur in about 80 per cent, of all cases of
organs, about 4^ in. in length, 2 in. in width, and pregnancy, consisting in anemia with fatty infil-
li in. in thickness, lying on either side of the tration of the epithelia, without inflammation;
spinal column, behind the peritoneum, about the urinary symptoms are albuminuria and some-
opposite the twelfth thoracic and first three times granular and hyaline casts with fatty renal
lumbar vertebrae. At the inner edge of each epithelia. larda'ceous k., amyloid k. large white
kidney is a concave depression, the hylus, where k., the enlarged kidney with smooth or nodu-
the vessels and nerves enter and leave the organs lar surface, thin non-adherent capsule, thick white
and where the ureter emerges the hylus leads into
; cortex, and large red pyramids, occurring in cer-
the renal sinus, a hollow containing the pelvis and tain cases of chronic parenchymatous nephritis;
calyces and the branching blood-vessels. The the principal change is a fatty degeneration of
kidney is enclosed in a fibrous envelope, the the epithelium and glomeruli, the convoluted
capsule, which dips into the sinus at the hilus. tubules are filled with casts composed of desqua-
The substance of the organ is divided into cortex mated fatty epithelium, mov'able k., floating k.
and medulla; the former is darker colored and pal'pable k., a slight degree of nephroptosia.
more granular in appearance than the latter; it sclerot'ic k., granular k. small white k., a form
contains the Malpighian corpuscles and most of of chronic parenchymatous nephritis in which
the convoluted tubides; the medulla is lighter in the organ is little if at all increased in size the ;

color and striated and contains the majority of capsule is thickened and moderately adherent,
the straight tubules it is formed of the pyramids
; and there is some proliferation andvcontraction of
whose bases rest in the cortex and whose apices the interstitial connective tissue; there is fatty
are the renal papillas at which point the central degeneration of the epithelium and glomeruli,
collecting tubule opens into a calyx, this in turn soap'y k., the large white k., which is said to
emptying into the pelvis of the kidney from which contain myelins, consisting of fatty acids in
the water passes into the ureter and so reaches combination with potassium and sodium, and not
the urinary bladder. The pyramids are made up simple fats, sur'gical k., suppurative pyelone-
of tubules; each tubule begins at the glomerulus, or phritis, resulting from extension of disease from
Malpighian corpuscle, in the cortex; it is first con- the lower urinary passages, wan'dering k.,
voluted, then enters the pyramid, passing down floating k. wax'y k., amyloid k.
toward the papilla, near which it turns back on
itself, the turn being called Henle's loop, it then abscess, nephrapostasis, nephropyosis, i^yonephrosis,
calculus, nephrolith, calculous formation, nephro-
ascends to the cortex, where it is again convoluted
lithiasis, lithonephria. capsule division or ezcision,
(being called the irregular tubule), and returns to decapsulation, renipuncture, nephrocapsectomy, renal
the pyramid in the center of which it empties into capsulotomy, nephrotomy, Edebohl's operation.
the straight collecting tube, which terminates, congestion, nephremia, nephrohemia. contraction.
nephrarctia, nephromiosis, nephrostenosis. cystic
usually after uniting with others, at the apex of formation, nephrocystosis. description, nephrography.
the papilla. Projections of masses of tubules pass disease, nephropathy, nephresia, nephrism. Bright s
disease, downward displacement, nephroptosia. drop-
up into the cortex, being known as medullary rays, sy, nephredema, nephydrops, hydronephrosis, enlarge-
while the cortical substance often passes down ment, nephrectasia, nephrauxe, nephromegaly, neph-
between the pyramids, forming the so-called rohypertrmihy, nephroncus. excis on, nephrectomy.
fixation of wandering, nephropexy, nephrolixation,
columns of Berlin; the cortical substance between
renifixation, nephrorrhaphy, renisuture. floating,
the medullary rays is also called the labyrinth. nephroptosia, ren mobile, ectopia renis, nephrospasis.
am'yloid k., amyloid degeneration of the kidneys, hardenmg, nephrosclerosis, hemorrhage from, neph-
associated usually with a similar process in the rorrhagia. hemorrhage into, nephrapoplexy. hernia,
nephrocele, inactivity, nephrapragmonia, nephranu-
spleen and liver, caused frequently by prolonged ria^ nephratony, nephroparalysis, nephroplegia. in-
suppuration the kidneys are large, firm, and pale,
; cision, nephrotomy, inflammation, nephritis, nephro-
the cortex being especially thickened and having phlegmasia, pyelonephritis, nephropye itis, pyelitis,
glomerulitis, glomem'onephritis,chalazonephritis,
a glistening appearance on section the infiltration
;
nephrochalazosis, nephroooocosis, nephria, Bright's
of amyloid material affects first the glomeruli and disease, nephrapostasis. pain, nephralgia, nephrody-
nia, nephrocolica, renal colic, colica renalis, nephro-
later the tubules as well, arteriosclerot'ic k.,
dysneuria, dolor nephriticus. pus in, pyonephrosis,
granular k. cicatric'ial k., the irregularly con- nephropyosis, nephrapostasis. science relating to,
tracted and deformed k. resulting from suppura- nephrology, small, renculus, reniculus, renulus.
softening, nephromalacia. ulceration, nephrelcosis.
tive pyelonephritis, cirrhot'lc k., granular k.
unnary retention, hydronephrosis, nephrydrosis,
contrac'ted k., granular k., small white k. cya- nephrydrops.
LIENBOECK UNIT 525 KING'S EVIL

Senboeck u'nit (ken'bek) [Robert Kienboeck, employment of movements, either active or

Austrian radiologist, *i87i.] A unit of a;-ray passive, kinesitherapy, movement-cure.
measurement (abbreviation X), equal to -j^j kinesiesthesiometer, Mnesisesthesiometer (kin-es"e-
erythema dose. es-the-zl-om'e-ter) [G. kinesis, movement, +
aer'nan's space [Francis Kiernan, English physician, sensation, + meiron, measure.]
aisthesis, An
1800-1874.] Interlobular space in the liver. instrument for determining the muscular sense.
[iesselbach's a'rea (ke'sel-bahkh) [W. Kiesselbach, kinesim'eter [G. kinesis, movement, -I- meiron,
German laryngologist, 1839-1902.] An area measure.] An instnmient for measuring the
on the anterior portion of the nasal septum extent of a movement.
above the intermaxillary bone, where there is a kinesiod'ic [G. kinesis, motion, + hodos, way.]
network of large capillaries, which is often the Relating to the paths by which motor impulses
seat of epistaxis. travel.
ifus'sa. Sleeping-sickness. Mnesiol'ogy [G. kinesis, movement, + -logia.] The
Ul'ian's line [Hermann Friedrich Kilian, German science of movement, especially of the therapeutic
obstetrician, 1800—1863.] ^ transverse line use of movements; kinematics, kinesiatrics,
marking the promontory of the sacnun. K.'s kinesitherapy.
pel'vis, pelvis spinosa. kinesiom'eter. Kinesimeter.
Qll'ian opera'tion [Gustav Killian, German laryn- klnesioneurosis (ki-ne"si-o-nu-ro'sis) [G. kinesis,
gologist and rhinologist, *i86o.] For frontal movement, + neuron, nerve, +
-osis.l A
neurosis,
sinus disease: A
skin incision is made from the or functional nervous disease, marked by tics,
inner third of the edge of the orbit to the root of spasms, or other motor disorders. Tas'ctilar k.,
the nose, the periosteal incision being a little angioneurosis.
higher up the entire anterior wall is removed and
; kinesip'athist. Anon-medical person who treats
the mucous membrane is curetted away; the disease by movements of various kinds, a move-
ethmoid are scraped out through an opening
cells ment-curist.
in the nasal process of the maxillary bone, and kinesipathy (ki-ne-sip'a-tM) [G. kinesis, movement,
the upper wail of the orbit is removed as well. + pathos, suffering.] i. An affection marked by
[il'ogram, kil'ograinnie [Fr. kilogramme; G. chilioi, motor disturbances, z. Kinesitherapy.
one thousand, + gramma, mark.] In the metric kinesiphony (ki-nes'i-fo-n!) [G. kinesis, movement,
system, a weight of rooo grams, or i cubic deci- + phone, sound. ] Reeducation of the auditory
meter of water; equivalent to 15,432.35 grains, function by means of a buzzer.
or about 2 2 lbs, avoirdupois, or 2 7 lbs. troy.
.
.
kinesitherapy (ki-ne-sl-ther'a-pl) [G. kinesis, move-
ciloliter, kilolitre (kil'o-le-ter) [G. chilioi, one thous- ment, + therapeia, treatment.] The therapeutic
and.] A measure of 1000 liters, equivalent to employment of movements, both active and pas-
about 1056 quarts. sive; kinesiatrics, movement-cure.
dl'ometer, kil'ometre [G. chilioi, one thousand.] A kinesthesia, kinsesthesia (ki-nes-the'zJ-ah) [G. kinesis,
measxu-e of 1000 meters, equivalent to 3,280.8 motion, + aisthesis, sensation.] i. The sense
ft., or 0.621 mile; roughly, 8 kilometers equal perception of movement the muscular sense.
; ^2.

5 miles. An illusion of moving in spacp.

[ilonem (kil'o-nem) [kilogram, or liter, -|- G. kinesthesiometer, kineesthesiometer (ki-nes-the-zl-
nemo, I feed upon.] A unit of nutritive value, om'e-tur) [G. metron, measure.] An instrument
the equivalent of 667 calories, furnished by one for determining the degree of muscular sensation.
liter of milk. kinesthet'ic, kinaesthet'ic. Relating to kinesthesia,
alurane (kil'u-ran). A unit of radioactivity or the sensation or feeling of muscular movement.
equivalent to 1000 uranium units. kinet'ic [G. kinetikos.] 1. Relating to motion or
an--, kine- [G. kinesis, movement.] A prefix muscular movements. 2. A
hypothetical sub-
denoting movement. Words so beginning are stance supposed to excite ameboid movement in
also written cin-, cine-. leucocytes, k. drive, excessive excitation of the
:in£esthe'sia. Kinesthesia. k. system, k. sys'tem, a term proposed by Crile
inanesthesia, Mnansesthesia (Idn-an-es-the'zl-ah) to denote the chain of organs through which,
[G. kinesis, motion, -f- an- priv. 4- aisthesis, sen- latent energy is transformed into motion and heatr
sation.] A disturbance of deep sensibility in which it includes the brain, the thyroid, the adrenals, the
there is inability to perceive either direction or liver, the pancreas, and the muscles.
extent of movement, the result being ataxia. kinetics (ki-net'iks) [G. kinetikos, movable.] The
inase (kin'az) [G. kinesis, movement, + -ase.] A branch of mechanics which has to do with mat-
colloidal substance formed in certain organs, as ter in motion and the forces which propel it.
the intestine, which activates the enzymes with kinetograph'ic [G. kinetos, movable, +
graphikos,
which it comes in contact. recording.] Relating to a graphic record of
inectine (ki-nek'ten) (quinine) -|- hec-
[kinine movements.
tine.] Trade name a mixture or compound
of kinetonucleus (ki-ne-to-nu'kle-us) [G. kinetes, one
of quinine hydrochloride and hectine, said to that sets in motion.] An aggregation within the
be quinine benzosulphone-para-aminophenylar- protozoan cell of the assumed specific material
senate; recommended in rhinitis, hay-fever, upon which the motor activities of the animal
influenza, and malaria. depend; division center, motion nucleus.
inemat'ics [G. kinema(kinemat-), motion.] The kinetoplasm, kinetoplasma (Id-ne'to-plazm, ki-ne-
science of motion. to-plaz'mah) [G. kinetes, an originator, mover, -f-
inesal'gia [G. kinesis, motion, + algos, pain.] plasma, a thing formed.] The chromophile
Pain caused by muscular movement. substance, or tigroid masses, in the nerve-cells, so
ine'sia [G. kinesis, njovement.] The s3anptom- called because it is present only when the cells
complex caused by unwonted motion seasickness, ; begin to perform their proper function.
car-sickness, swing-sickness, etc. kinetosis (ki-ne-to'sis) [G. kinetikos, kinetic, -f
inesial'gia. Kinesalgia. -osis.] Kinesia.
inesiatrics (ki-ne-sl-at'riks) [G. kinesis, movement, king's e'vil. Scrofula, which was formerly thought
4- iatrikos, relating to medicine.] The therapeutic to be curable by the touch of a king.
 ,

KINO 526 KNEE

ki'no (U.S., Br.). The inspissated juice of Pterocar- Klapp's meth'od [Rudolph Klapp, Berlin surgeon,
pus tnarsupium, a forest tree of India and Ceylon, 1873.] Treatment of scoliosis by a series of
occurring in the form of dark red, shining, brittle systematic crawling movements whereby the ^

masses of an astringent taste, slightly soluble in spine is bent laterally and made more flexible.
water; employed in diarrhea and dysentery and in K.'s suc'tion cups, cupping glasses of special shapes
diabetes in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). '^• to fit various portions of the body, used to induce
eucalyp'ti (B.A.), eucalyptus kino. Botany Bay hyperemia in Bier's* method.
kino, an exudation from the stem of various Klausner's reac'tion or test (klows'ner) [E. Klausner,
species of Eucalyptus; astringent; dose, gr. 5-20 Prague physician, contemporary.] The servmi of
(0.3-1.3). a person suspected of syphilis is covered, in a test-
kinocentrum (ki-no-sen'trum) [G. kineo, I move, + tube, with distilled water; if syphihs is present a
keniron, center.] Zimmermann's term for cen- turbidity, due to precipitating globulin, is noted at
trosome. the plane of contact.
kinol'ogy. Kinesology Klebs' tuber'culins. See under tuberculin.
kinoin'eter. Kinesimeter. Klebs-Loeff'ler bacil'lus [Edwin Klebs, German
kin'one. Quinone. physician, 1834-1913 Friedrich August Johannes
;

ki'noplasm [G. kineo, I move, +

plasma, a thing Loejfier, German physician, *i852.] Bacillus
formed.] The portion of the protoplasm of a cell diphtherias.
upon which its motor activity depends; kineto- Klein - Gumprecht shad'ow nu'clei (klln-goom'-
plasm. prekht) Shadow-nuclei in degenerating lymph-
kinoplas'tic. Relating to the formation of kino- oidocytes and macrolymphocytes in leucemia.
plasm, or to the laying down of the anlage or Klem'perer's tuber'culin [Georg (*i865) and Felix
primitive trace of muscular tissue. (*i866) Klemperer, German physicians.] See
kinotoxin (ki-no-tok'sin) [G. kineo, I move.] under tuberculin.
Ponogen, fatigue toxin.* kleptoma'nia. Cleptomania.
kin'ovin. Quinovin, a glucoside, CjoHjgOj, obtained kleptoma'niac. Cleptomaniac.
from cinchona. kleptopho'bia. Cleptophobia.
kionectomy, kionitis, etc. See cioneciomy, cionitis, Klip'pel's disease' [Maurice Klippel, French neurol-
etc. ogist, *i858.] Arthritic general pseudoparal-
Einnisson's meth'od (ker-me-sawn') [Edouard ysis.*
Kirmisson, French surgeon, *i848.] Transplan- kliseom'eter [G. klisis, inclination, +
meiron,
tation of the tendo Achillis to the peroneus lon- measiire.] An instrument for measuring the
gus muscle, complementary to the Phelps opera- degree of inclination of the pelvis see cliseometer.
;

tion for club-foot. Klu'ge's meth'od [Karl Alexander Ferdinand Kluge,

kirrhonosis (kir-ron-o'sis) [G. kirrhos, tawny, -(- German obstetrician, 1782-1844.] The induction
-dsisl\ Cirrhonosus. of premature labor by dilatation of the cervix
Kirstein's meth'od (ker'stin) [Alfred Kirstein, Ger- with specially prepared sponges; a modification
man physician,*i863.] A method of inspection of of Bruenninghausen's method. K.'s sign, Jac-
the larynx without a laryngoscope, by inclining quemier's* sign.
the head far back and depressing the tongue; Klumpke's paral'ysis (kloomp'keh) [Madame A.
autoscopy D^j6rine Klumpke, Parisian neiirologist, contem-
Kissingen, Bavaria (kis'ing-en). Saline-chalybeate- porary.] Atrophic paralysis of the forearm with
carbonated waters. Cold. Several springs. paresthesia and irregularity of the pupils.
Used for drinking and bathing in mental exhaus- KMnOj. Potassium permanganate.
tion, anemia, diseases of the heart, kidneys, and KjUn^O,. Potassium permanganate.
liver, gout, congestions, obesity, chronic gastric Knapp's for'ceps [Herman Knapp, New York oph-
and intestinal catarrh, constipation, hemorrhoids, thalmologist of German birth, 1832— 191 1.] A
rheumatism, neuralgia, chronic joint pains, small forceps, the blades of which are formed of
malarial cachexia, chronic headache, skin dis- rollers, employed to express trachomatous granu-
eases, bronchial catarrh, scrofula, diseases of lations on the palpebral conjunctiva. (See cut
women, and general debility. May 1 to Octo- on p. 469.) K.*s streaks or strise, pigmented lines,
ber I. resembling blood-vessels, seen sometimes in the
Kitt'el'ameth'od [M. J. Kiilel, German physician, retina after a hemorrhage there.
contemporary.] Dispersion of the uratic deposits
in gouty joints by massage and manipulation.
Kjeldahl's meth'od (kyel'dahl) [J. Kjeldahl, Danish
chemist, 1849— 1900.] A method for determin-
ing the amount of nitrogen in any organic com-
poiind; the substance is treated with hot con-
centrated sulphuric acid and the reaction product
is distilled with an excess of caustic soda or Knapp's Trachoma Forceps, or Roller Forceps.
potassa the quantity of ammonia in the distillate
;

is then determined and from this the nitrogen Knapp's test. For sugar in the urine upon heating
:

content is ascertained. with a mixture of mercuric cyanide and sodic

Kl. Abbreviation for klang. hydrate, metallic mercury is precipitated if sugar
Klam'ath Hot Springs, California.
Alkaline-saline- ispresent.
sulphurous-carbonated waters. Used by drink- knee [A.S. cnedw.'] i. The articulation between
ing and bathing in gout, rheumatism, synovitis, the femur and the tibia, covered anteriorly by
dyspepsia, chronic skin diseases, and other dis- the patella, i. In the hqrse the collective carpal
orders. joints. 3. In anatomy, any recurved structure
klang (klahng) [Ger. soimd.] Term used in reaction resembling a semiflexed knee, genu. Brodie's
formulae (usually abbreviated to Kl) to indicate a k., white swelling, chronic fvmgoid synovitis of
response of the auditory nerve to an electrical the knee, broken k., any injury of the knee in
stimulus. the horse, varying in severity from a superficial
KJNiiJli S27 KOCH'S BACILLUS

wound to a fractured bone, and due to violence, not pass together under the loop but are separated
usually a fall, capped k., swelling of the bursa of by it. Hensen's k., protochordal k., see Hensen.
the extensor metacarpi magnus muscle in cattle, protochord'al k., Hensen's* knot, reef k., square
usually caused by injury to the knees in getting k. square k., a double k. in which the two
-

up and down on hard floors or by the entrance of stretches of cord pass under the loop in contact
thorns into the knee ; the condition is marked by with each other. Staffordshire k., Tait's k. stay
stiffness and pain in the knee with heat and k., two ligatures are passed aroimd an artery side
swelling, hooped k., the knee of a horse marked by side and a single knot is tied in each, then the
by the presence of exostoses, house'maid's k., in- two ends on each side are treated as one and tied
flammation of, with serous effusion into, the pre- together to complete the double knot, surgeon's
patellar bursa, inter'nal derange'ment of the k.,
see Hey.
deformity, gonycampsis; genu valgum, genu introrsun',
knock-knee, in-knee, gonycrotesis; genu varum, genu
extrorsum, out-knee, bow-egs, gonyectyposis, genu
recurvatura. excision, gonarthrectomy. forcible cor-
rection of deformity, gonyclasty, genuclasty. gout,
gonagxa, gonyagra, gonatagm. incision, gonarthrot-
omy. inflammation, gonarthritis, gonarthromenin-
gitis, gonitis, gonocace, gonarthrocace, gonyccele,
white swelling: meniscitis (of semilunar cartilages).
pain, gonalgia, gonyalgia, gonatalgia. swelling, gono-
cace, gonarthrocace, hydrarthrus genu, white swelling,
gonyocele, gonocele, gonyonous, gonatocele.

knee-cap. Patella.
knee-jerk. Patellar reflex.* crossed adduc'tor k.-
j., MacCormac's* reflex.
knee-joint, Articulatio genu, articulation between
the femur and the tibia capped by the patella. Knots: j. Granny knot; a, square knor; 3, surgeon's
knee-pan. Patella. knot; 4, clove hitch.
knee-re'flex. Knee-jerk, patellar reflex.*
knee-sprung. Noting a horse having knees more k., a friction k. made double by recrossing the
or less flexed in consequence of traction of the ends and tying a simple k. over the first. Tait's
tendons at the back of the leg. k., a double ligature is passed through the sub-

Kneipp meth'od (knip) [Sebastian Kneipp, German stance of the pedicle of an ovarian tumor; the
empiric, a priest at Worrishofen, iSzr-iSg?.] loop is then reversed over the end of the pedicle
The treatment of disease by hydrotherapy in and placed between the two free ends of the liga-
—
various forms douches, wet packs, full and ture which are tied over it. vi'tal k.-, vital cen-
ter, the respiratory center in the medulla.
local baths, compresses, vapor baths, walking
barefoot in the dew of early morning, etc.;
especially cold effusions, the body being allowed
to dry by evaporation.
Kneippism (knip'izm). Kneipp* method.
knife (nif) [A.S. cnif.] An instrument for cutting,
consisting of a blade sharpened on one or both
edges set in a handle.

Hays' Knipe-needle por Cataract Discission.

knife-nee'dle. A
very narrow, needle-pointed
knife used in the operation of discission of a
cataract. Staffordshire, or Tait's Knot
knitt'ing. The process of union of the fragments of
a broken bone. Knox's pow'der. Calx chlorinata.
KMO3. Potassium nitrate, niter, saltpeter. knuckle (nuk'l). i. A finger joint. n. The loop
knock-knee. In-knee, genu valgum. of intestine in a hernia.
knock-out drops. A popular name for chloral knuckling (nuk'ling). Talipes in the horse, caused
alcoholate given with criminal intent to produce by a contraction of the posterior fetlock tendons.
rapid coma in the intended victim, it is formed by Ko'belt's cysts [Georg L. Kobelt, German physician,
adding chloral hydrate to beer or some stronger 1804-1857.] Cystic dilatation of portion of the
alcoholic liquor. parovarium. K.'s tubes, tubes proceeding from
knot (not) [A.S. cnotia.'] t. An intertwining of the the paroophoron, not connecting with the Wolffian
ends of two cords, tapes, or other elongated body and ovary.
flexible bodies in such a way that they cannot be Ko'bert's test [Eduard Rudolf Kobert, German
separated; or a similar twining or infolding of a physiological chemist, *i854.] For hemoglobin:
cord in its continuity. 2. In anatomy or pathol- this is precipitated by zinc, and the precipitate
ogy, a node, ganglion, or circumscribed swelling turns red on the addition of an alkali.
suggestive of a knot, double k., (i) one like the KOC. Abbreviation for cathodal opening con-
square k., in which, after the single k. is made, the traction also written COC.
;

ends are turned back and tied again in the same Koch's (kokh) [Robert Koch, German
bacil'lus
way; (2) friction k. friction k., one in which the bacteriologist, 1843-1910.] i. Bacillus iubercti-'

ends of the cord are passed twice around each hsis. 2. Spirillum cholercB asiaticm. K.'s law,
other before being pulled taut granny k., a to establish the specificity of a microorganism, it
double k. in which the two stretches of cord do must be present in all cases of the disease, inocu-
KOCH'S BACILLUS S2S KORSAKOFF S PSYCHOSIS

lations of its pure cultures must produce the same Koenigsdoif, Germany (ke'nigs-dorf). Saline waters
disease in animals (when it is transmitted to with small amounts of magnesium bromide
such), and from these it must be again obtained and iodide. Used by drinking and bathing in
and be propagated in pure cultures. K.'s l3fmph, nervous disorders, blood disorders, diseases of
tuberculin. K.'s phenom'enon, the reaction, or women, glandular swellings, and skin diseases.
rise of temperature and increase of the local May 15 to October i.
lesion, in a tuberculous subject following an in- Koerte-Ball'ance opera'tion (ker'teh) [Werner
jection of tuberculin. Koerte, German surgeon, *i853; Charles Alfred
Koch's node (kokh) [Walter Koch, German army- Ballance, London surgeon, contemporary.]
surgeon, *i88o.] Tawara's"* node, AschoflE's Operative anastomosis of the facial and hypo-
node. glossal nerves for the relief of facial paralysis.
Koch-Ehrlich stain (kokh-erlikh). Add 2 c.c. of Koester's nod'ule (ke'ster) [Karl Koes sr, German
anilirie oil to 98 c.c. of distilled water, shake, and pathologist, *i843.] A
tubercle formed of a
filter; then add to 73 c.c. of this filtrate 25 c.c. of single giant cell surrounded by a double layer of
a concentrated alcoholic solution of fuchsin, epithelioid and embryonal cells.
gentian violet, or methylene blue. KOH. Potassium hydroxide, caustic potassa.
Koch-Weeks bacil'lus [see Koch; John Elmer Kohl'rausch's valves [Otto Ludwig Bemhard KohU
Weeks, New York ophthalmologist, *i853.] The
rausch, German physician, 1811-1854.] Rectal
cause of pink-eye or acute contagious conjunctivi-
valves, plicae* transversales recti.
tis.
koilonychia (koy-lo-nik'I-ah) [G. koilos, hollow, -t-
Kocher's forceps (ko'kher) [Theodor Kocher, Swiss
onyx(pnych-), nail.] Spoon-nail a malformation
surgeon, 1841-1917.] A forceps for grasping the
;

of the nails vp. which the outer surface is concave.

tissues in a surgical operation or for making
compression of bleeding structures. K.'s opera'- ko'la (N.P.). Cola.
tion, resection of the wrist by means of an in- Kolle's se'rum (kol'eh) [Wilhelm Kolle, German
cision on the ulnar side of the dorsum. K.'s bacteriologist, *i868.] A
bacteriolytic serum
symp'tom, in exophthalmic goiter, if the exam- used in the treatment of cerebrospinal meningitis.
iner's hand is placed on a level with the patient's kol'ynos [G. kolyd^ I prevent, + nosos, disease.] An
eyes and then suddenly raised higher, the upper antiseptic dental paste containing thymol, saccha-
lids move upward more rapidly than the eye-balls. rin, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, benzoic acid,
Kocks' opera'tion [Joseph Kocks, German surgeon glycerin, alcohol, precipitated chalk, and soap.
*i846.] Shortening of the base of the broad kolyone (kol'J-5n). Colyone.
ligament, through the vagina, for prolapse or kolypep'tic. Colypeptic.
retroversion of the uterus. kolysep'tic. Colyseptic.
Kondo'leon opera'tion [Emmanuel Kondoleon,
Athenian surgeon, contemporary.] Excision of
strips of subcutaneous connective tissue for the
relief of elephantiasis.
koniol'ogy. Coniology.
konseal (kon'sel). Trade name of a special make
of cachet.
Kop'lik's spots [Henry Koplik, New York phy-
sician, *i858.] Filatov's spots; small red
spots on the buccal mucous membrane, in the
center of each of which may be seen, in a strong
Kocher's Forceps. light, a minute bluish white speck; they occur
early in measles, before the skin eruption, and
Koeberlfi's for'ceps (ke-ber-la') [Eugene KoeberU, are regarded as a pathognomonic sign of the
French surgeon, 1828-1915.] Hemostatic for- disease. K.'s stig'ma of degen'eration, a promi-
ceps. nence over the pisiform bone observed in certain
Koehler's disease' (ke'ler) [Alban Koehler, cases of sporadic cretinism.
German Roentgenologist, *i874.] A dystro- Koo'so. Cusso.
phy of the scaphoid bone of the tarsus occurring Kopp's asth'ma [Johann Heinrich Kopf, German
in children from s to 10 years old. physician, 1777-1858.] Spasm of the glottis
Koelliker's cells (ke'H-ker) [Rudolf Albert Koelliker, occurring in young infants up to two years of age,
German anatomist, 1817-1905.] i. Spermato- laryngismus stridulus.
blasts. Osteoblasts.
2. K.'s glands, Bowman's* Korfinsri's method (ko-rahn'ye) [Baron P. von
glands. K.'s lay'er, the layer of connective Kor&nyi, Hungarian physician, *i829.] A method
tissue in the iris. K.'s retic'ulum, neuroglia. of percussion, usually auscultatory percussion; a
Koenig's opera'tion (ke'nig) [Franz Koenig, German finger of the examiner's left hand is held vertically
surgeon, 1832-1910.] In congenital dislocation against the chest wall while percussion is made by
of the hip, reduction of the dislocation and the finger of the right hand tapping its second
formation of a lip to the upper edge of the ace- phalanx. K.'s sign, Grocco's triangle.
tabulum by an osteoperiosteal strip cut from koro'nion. Coronion.
the surface of the ilium. K.'s syn'drome, Korotkow's test (ko-rot'lcawf). In a case of
alternating attacks of constipation and diarrhea, aneurysm, while the artery above is compressed,
with colic, meteorism, and gurgling in the right the blood pressure in the peripheral circulation
iliac fossa, said to be symptomatic of cecal is estimated; if it is fairly high the collateral
tuberculosis. circulation is good.
Koenig's rods (kS'nig) [Charles Joseph Koenig, Korsakoff's psycho'sis or syn'drome (kor-sah'kawf)
German otologist, "'1868.] A series of steel [Sergei Sergeyevich Korsakoff, Russian neurolo-
cylinders, of graduated lengths, suspended by gist, 18S3-1900.] Polyneuritic psychosis; a psy-
threads used in testing the upper limit of hearing,
; chosis associated with polyneuritis, characterized
the cylinders being tapped by a steel hammer. by failure of memory, imaginary reminiscences.
K.ORSAKOFi' 'S PSYCHOSIS S29 J^KUJMJUKJ:'

and sometimes marked hallucinations with moval of the Gasserian ganglion in trigeminal
agitation. neuralgia.
Eoshev'nikofi's disease'. [Alexiei Jakovlevich Ko- kre'oform. Geoform.
shevnikoff, Russian neurologist, 1836—1902.] An kre'osol. Creosol.
incomplete or mild form of epilepsy. kre'osote. Creosote.
kou'miss. See kumyss. kreotoz'ism, Creotoxism.
kres'amine. An aqueous solution of tricresol and
kou'sin, kouss'in.' The active principle, glucoside,
ethylenediam^e, each 25 per cent.; bactericidal.
of cusso, employed as a teniacide in doses of gr.
kre'sol. Cresol.
20-40 (1.3-2.6).
kre'solin. Trade name of a cresol-containing
kouss'o. Cusso.
disinfectant.
Kovalev'ski's canal' [Pavel Ivanovich Kovalevski, Kretzschmann's space (krech'mahn). A slight
Russian embryologist, *i84S.] Neurenteric or depression in the tympanic attic below Prussak's
blastoporic canal, connecting the medullary tube space.
with the archenteron in the embryo. Kreuznach, Rhenish Prussia (kroyts'nahkh). Sa-
Kowarsky's test (ko-var'ske) [A. Kowarsky, Berlin line waters with traces of chlorides of stron-
physician, contemporary.] A
modified Fisch- tium, barium, bromide and iodide of sodium,
er's* test for sugar in the urine. and arsenic. The waters have radioactive prop-
Koy'ter's mus'cle [Volcherus Koyter, Dutch anato- erties. Numerous springs. Used by drinking
mist, 1534-1600.] Mixsculus* corrugator supercilii. and bathing in scrofulous affections, skin diseases,
Kr. Chemical symbol of krypton. diseases of the respiratory organs, bones, joints,
K-radia'tion. A very penetrating form of radia- and ears, tabes, syphilis, anemia, obesity, nervous
tion excitedby x-rays impinging upon a metal disorders, goiter, gout, rheumatism, diseases of
anticathode; it is about 300 times harder than women, and chronic maladies generally. May i
the L-radiation. to October 1.
kra-kra. Craw-craw. Kreysig's sign (kri'zig) [Friedrich Ludwig Kreysig,
krame'ria [J. G. H. Kramer, an Austrian physician Dresden physician, 1770-1839.] Heim-Kreysig
and botanist, eighteenth century.] (N.F.) sign.
Rhatany, the dried root of Krameria triandra, Krishaber's disease' (kres-^-bair') [Maurice Kris-
K. ixina, or K. argentea, shrubs of Peru and haher, Parisian physician, bom in Hungary,
other parts of South America; tonic and astrin- 1836— 1883.] Cerebrocardiac neuropathy; a
gent, employed in chronic diarrhea in doses of neurosis characterized by a feeling of emptiness
gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0), and locally in leucorrhea in the head, vertigo, sleeplessness, syncope, and
and uterine hemorrhage. cardiac palpitation.
Krankenheil-TBlz, Bavaria (krahnk'-en-hll-telts). Krisov'ski's sign. Wrinkles radiating from the
Saline waters. Cold; six springs. Used by drink- comers of the mouth in congenital syphilis.
ing and bathing in scrofula, skin disorders, Kristeller techni(iue (kris'tel-er tek-nek'). Ex-
catarrh of the respiratory organs, goiter, and pression of the child by force applied to the
diseases of women. May 15 to October r. fundus uteri through the abdominal wall, the
Kraske's opera'tion (krahs'keh) [Paul Kraske, Ger- fingers of the two hands being behind and the
man surgeon, *i85i.] Removal of the coccyx thumbs in front, and the force being exerted
and excision of the left wing of the sacrum in during a, uterine contraction.
order to afford approach for resection of the Kroenig's a'rea (kre'nig) [Georg Kroenig, Berlin
rectum for cancer or stenosis. physician, 1856-1911.] A resonant field over
kraurosis, kraurosis vulvae (kraw-ro'sis vul've) [G. the apex of the lung anteriorly and posteriorly.
krauros, dry, brittle.] Atrophy of the skin of the K.'s field, K.'s area. K.'s Isth'mus, the narrow
female genital organs. strap-like portion of the resonant field which
Kraus's reac'tion. The formation of a precipitate extends over the shoulder, connecting the larger
when the filtrate of an old broth culture (of areas of resonance over the pulmonary apex in
typhoid bacilli, for example), called K.'s fluid, is front and behind. K.'s steps, step-like extension
added to a strong immune serum, of the lower part of the right border of absolute
Krause's cor'puscles or end-bulbs (krow'zeh) cardiac dullness in hypertrophy of the right
[Wilhelm Krause, German anatomist, son of heart.
K. F. T. Krause, 1833— 1910.] Corpuscula bul- Kroenig's meth'od (kro'nig) [Bernhard Kroenig,
boidea, tactile corpuscles on the nerve terminals German gynecologist, *i863.] Sterilization of
in the glans penis, and elsewhere.
lips, K.'s catgut by heating for an hour in cumol (a fluid
mem'brane, Dobie's layer or line, a dark disc, hydrocarbon) at 165° C.
seen as a line oit longitudinal section, limiting Kroenlein's her'nia (kren'ltn) [Rudolf Ulrich
the sarcomere in striated muscle. K.'s respi'- Kroenlein, Zurich surgeon, 1847-1910.] Hernia
ratory bun' die, tractus solitarius. en bissac, properitoneal inguinal hemia.* K.'s
Krause's glands (krow'zeh) [Karl Priedrich opera'tion, temporary resection of the outer
Theodor Krause, German anatomist, father of border of the orbit in order to afford access t a ,

Wilhelm K., 1797-1868.] Mucous glands of retrobulbar orbital tumor.

the conjunctiva. K.'s me'dian puboprostat'ic Kromayer's lamp (kro-mi'er) [Ernst Kromayer, Ger-
lig'ament, ligamentum transversum peHis. man dermatologis^t, contemporary.] A U-sliaped
K.'s valve, valve of B6raud, a fold of mucous quartz lamp of mercury vapor, giving out actinic
membrane where the lacrymal sac narrows into rays, used in the treatment of skin diseases.
the nasal duct. Krompecher's tu'mor (krom'pekh-er) [Edmund
Krause's meth'od (krow'zeh) [Fedor Krause, Ger- Krompecher, Budapest pathologist, *i87o.]
man surgeon, of Altona, *i857.] Skin grafting Rodent ulcer.*
by means of large strips the entire thickness of the Krondorf, Bohemia (kron'dorf). Alkaline waters.
skin but without any of the subcutaneous fat an ; Used by drinking in gout, chronic catarrh of the
application of Wolfe's* method to general surgery. respiratory tract, disorders of the pharynx,
K.'s opera'tion, extradural operation for the re- larynx, and bronchial tubes, and jaundice.

34
KRONECKER'S CENTER 53° KUSSMAUL'S COMA

Bjonecker*s cen'ter (kron'ek-er) [Hugo Kronecker, if the urine turns the plane of polarization
urine,
Swiss physiologist, 1839-1914.] The inhibitory to the right, beta-oxybutyric acid is present.
cardiac center. K.'s punc'ture, experimental Kuemmell's disease' (kiim'el) [Hermann Kuemmell,
puncture, by means of a needle, of K.'s center. Hamburg surgeon, *i852.] Traumatic spondyl-
K.*s solu'tion, a 5 per cent, sodium chloride opathy; rarefying ostitis of the vertebra, following
soluton rendered faintly alkaline with sodium an injury, marked by pain, stiffness of the back,
carbonate, for use in the examination of fresh sometimes kyphosis, and symptoms of compres-
tissues under the microscope. sion of the cord. K.'s spondyli'tis, a form of
Kronenquelle, Prussian Silesia (kro'nen-kvel-eh). traumatic spondylitis in which the disabling symp-
Alkaline-saline-lithiated waters. Used by drink- toms do not make their appearance until some
ing in the uric acid diathesis. time after the receipt of the injury. .

Kronthal, Prussia (kron'tahl). Alkaline-saline Kuess' exper'iments (kus) [Emil Kuess, Strasburg
waters. Used by drinking'in dyspepsia, anemia, physiologist, 1815— 1871.] To show that the
rheumatism, and gout. epithelium of the bladder is impermeable vesical
;

Erukenberg tu'mor (kroo-ken-berg) [Georg Peter injections of solution of belladonna or of opium

Heinrich Krukenberg, German gynecologist, are followed by no symptoms of poisoning.
1856—1899.] Fibrosarcoma mucocellulare Kuester's opera'tion (kiis'ter) [Emil Georg Ferdi-
(carcinomatodes) ovarii; a fibrosarcoma of the nand Kuester, German surgeon, *i839.] The
ovary which has undergone myxomatous de- pinna and posterior wall of the cartilaginous
generation involving both ground substance auditory canal are divided from their attachments
and cells, the former showing large loose meshes, and turned forward then the posterior bony wall
;

the latter becoming swollen, pale, and faintly of the auditory canal is cut away, along with the
granular, with a deeply staining crescentic superior and external walls of the attic, thus
—
peripheral nucleus presenting the so-called
"seal-ring" form.
exposing the antrum, attic, and tympanum, and
giving exit to the pus in mastoiditis.
Kru'se's brush [Walther Kruse, German bacteriolo- Kuestner's sign (kust'ner) [Otto Ernst Kuestner,
gist, *i864.] A bunch of fine platinum wires German gynecologist, *i849.] Dermoid cysts
attached to a holder, used in bacteriological work of the ovary are found anterior to the uterus,
to spread infected material over the surface of a contrary to the usual position of ovarian cysts.
culturemedium. Kuhn's mask (koon) [Philalethes Kuhn, Strass-
krymother'apy. Crymo therapy. bourg physician, contemporary.] A celluloid
kry'ofine.Trade name of methoxyacetphenetidin, mask with adjustable- openings allowing for
a condensation product of paraphenetidin; ano- progressive obstruction to the respiration and so
dyne and antipyretic in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0). inducing pulmonary hyperemia.
kiyogemn (kri-oj'en-in). Cryogenin. Kuhnt's opera'tion (koont) [Hermann Kuhnt, Ger-
kiyos'copy. Cryoscopy. man ophthalmologist, *i85o.] An operation for
kryp'ton [G. krypios, concealed.] A
gaseous ele- frontal sinus disease. A
horizontal skin incision
ment, present in small amount in the atmosphere, is made along the supraorbital margin with a
sjonbol Kr, atomic weight 83. vertical incision through the periosteum at right
krysolgan (kri-sol'gan). Trade name of a complex angles; then the entire anterior wall of the sinus
product containing gold, said to be of value in is removed with chisel and rongeur, and the
the treatment of tuberculosis. mucous membrane is curetted away. K.'s
K2SO4. Potassium sulphate, dipotassic sulphate. spaces, shallow diverticula or recesses from the
kubisagari, kubisagaru (koo-bi-sah-gah'rl, koo-bl- anterior portion of the lateral chamber of the eye.
sah-gah'roo) [Jap. kubi, head, neck, + sagaru, ku'myss [Tartar word.] Fermented mare's or
to hang down.] Gerlier's disease, endemic para- cow's milk.
lytic vertigo, an affection characterized by Kupffer's cells (koop'fer) [Karl Wilhekn von
diplopia, dimness of vision, blepharoptosia, and Kupffer, German anatomist, 1829-1902.] Stel-
paralysis of the neck muscles resulting in head- late cells in the walls of the sinusoids of the
drop. liver; actually, normal but swollen endothelial
Kuehne's fi'ber (kii'neh) [Willy Kuehne, German cells.
histologist, 1837— 1900.] Artificial muscular Kupres'soff's cen'ter [J. Kupressoff, Russian physi-
fiber made by filling the intestine of an insect cian, nineteenth century.] Medullary center of
with a growth of myxomycetes, used to demon- the vesical sphincter, at the level of the third to
strate the contractility of protoplasm K.'s the fifth lumbar vertebra.
mus'cle-spin'dle, neuromuscular spindle; the Kurloff's bod'ies (koor'lawf) [Mikhail Georgiyevitch
beginning of a sensory nerve-fibril on the surface Kurloff, Russian physician, *i859.] Cell-inclu-
of the muscular fiber; these fibrils form rings or sions found in the large mononuclear lymphocytes
spirals around the fibers or ramify on their sur- of the guinea-pig; supposed by some to be an in-
face. K.'s phenom'enon, waves in the saraous tracellular phase in the life cycle of a flagellate,
substance of muscle, in a direction from the anode Lymphocytozoon cohayai, by others said not to be
to the cathode, when a galvanic current is passed of protozoan nature.
through muscular tissue. K.'s spin 'die, K.'s Kurunegala ulcers (koo-roo-na-gah'lah- ul'surz)
muscle-spindle. K.'s ter'minal plates, the motor [Kuyunegala, a district in Ceylon.] Pyosis
end-plates of nerves in the muscular spindles. tropica.
Kuehne's meth'ylene blue (ku'neh) [Heinrich Kussmaul's co'ma (Icoos'mowl) [Adolf Ktissmaul,
Kuehne, German histologist.] Methylene blue, German physician, 1822— 1902.] Diabetic coma.
i.S; absolute alcohol, 10; 5 per cent, phenol K.'s disease', periarteritis nodosa. K.'s para-
solution, 100. dox'ical pulse, the pulse of cardiac symphysis,
Kuelz's cyl'lnders (kiilts) [Rudolph Eduard Kuelz, marked by a diminution of strength or even
German physician, 1845-189;.] Coma-casts; absence, during deep inspiration. K.'s respir-
renal casts of strongly refracting granules said to a'tion, the dyspnea of diabetic coma. K.'s symp'-
be found in beginning diabetic coma. K.'s test, tom, filling of the veins of the neck during
after the fermentation of the sugar in diabetic inspiration in cases of cardiac symphysis.
KUSSMAUL-KIEN RESPIRATION S3I KYTO-

Kussmaul-Kien respiration (koos'mowl-ken) [Adolf method of amputation of the upper extremity

Kussmaul; Alphonse Marie Joseph Kien, German whereby the muscles and tendons are so rr-
physician, contemporary.] Kussmaul's* respira- ranged in the stump that they are able to execute
tion. independent movements and to communicate
Kussmaui-Landiy paral'ysis. Landry's* paralysis. motion to a specially constructed arm and hand.
kyanop'sia. Cyanopsia. kynoceph'alus. Cynocephalus.
^estein, kyesthein (ki-es'te-in, ki-es'the-in) [G. kynopho'bia. Gynophobia.
kyesis, pregnancy, + esthes, garment (?).] A kyphoscolio'sis. A combined angular and lateral
scum or pellicle occasionally observed on the sur- curvature of the spine.
face of the standing urine from a pregnant wo- kyphosis (ki-fo'sis) [G. kyphosis, hump-back.] An-
man, formerly regarded as one of the signs of gular curvature of the spine, hump-back, hunch-
pregnancy. back, Pott's curvature an abnormal curvature of
;

kyllo'sis [G. kyllSsis, a crippling.] Clubfoot. the spine, with convekity backward, due to caries
l^mbocephal'ic, kymboceph'aly. Cymbocephalic, and destruction of the bodies of the affected
cymbocephaly. vertebrae.
kymogram (ki'mo-gram). The graphic curve made kyphot'ic. Relating to or siiffering from kjrphosis.
by a kymograph. ky'rin. One of a class of proteins resistant to
kymograph (ki'mo-graf) [G. kyfyui, wave, + grapho, I tryptic digestion, yielding amino-acids on treat-
record.] An instrument for recording wave-like ment with an acid.
motions, or modulations especially for recording
; kysthitis (kis-thi'(the')tis) [G. kysihos, sinus (vagina),
variations in blood-pressure. +-itis.J Colpitis, inflammation of the vagina.
kymoscope (ki'mo-sk5p) [G. kyma, wave, + skoped, kysthopto'sia (kis-thop-to'sl-ah) [G. kysihos, sinus
I regard.] An apparatus for measuring the pulse- (vagina), 4- ptosis, a falling.] Colpoptosia.
waves, or the variations in blood-pressure. kyto- [G. kytos, a hollow, a cell.] Aprefix denoting
kyneplastic amputation (ki-ne-plas'tik am-pu-ta'- a cell, for words so beginning see the usual and
shim) [G. kinesis, motion, -(- plassd, I form.] A correct form of the prefix cyto-.
 532 LABOR

L. I. Abbreviation for left, left eye. 2. Abbrevi- Relating to the lips, tongue, and larynx, noting
ation for Latin limes, boundary, limit used in an
; bulbar paralysis in which these parts are in-
equation noting the reaction of toxin and anti- volved.
toxin. Ld, denotes the number of doses of labioglossopharyngeal (la"H-o-glos"o-far-in'je-al) |L.
toxic bouillon, fatal to a guinea-pig weighing labium, lip, -1- G. gldssa, tongue, + pharynx. Re-
250 grams, which will exactly neutralize one anti- lating to the lips, tongue, and pharynx, noting
toxin unit. 1*+, denotes the number of doses of bulbar paralysis involving these parts.
toxic bouillon, fatal to a guinea-pig weighing 250 la'biograph [L. labium, lip, + G. grapho, I record.]
grams, which are necessary, when mixed with one An instrument for recording the movements of
antitoxin unit, to kill the animal within five days, the lips in speaking.
one lethal dose being left uncombined. a'Tjiomen'tal [L. labium, lip, + mentum, chin.]
La. Chemical symbol for lanthanum. Relating to the lower lip and the chin.
lab [Ger.] A rennet ferment coagulating milk. labiomyco'sis [L. labium, lip, + G. mykis, fungus.]
Labarraque's solu'tion (lab-ar-ak') [Antoine Ger- Any disease of the lips due to the presence of a
main Labarraque, Parisian chemist, 1777— 1850.] ftingus.
Liquor sodas chlorinatse. la"biona'sal [L. labium, lip, -t- nasus, nose.] Relat-
Labassftre, France (IS-bah-ser'). See Baguires de ing to the upper lip and the nose, or to both lips
Bigorre. and the nose; noting a letter (m) which is both
Labb^'s tri'angle (IS-ba') [L^on Labbi, French sur- labial and nasal in the production of its sound.
geon, 1832— 1916.] An area bounded below by a labiopalatine (la"bJ-o-pal'a-tin) [L. labium, lip, +
horizontal line touching the lower edge of the palatum., palate.] Relating to the lips and the
cartilage of the ninth rib, externally by the line palate.
of the false ribs, and to the right side by the liver; labioplasty (la'bl-o-plas-tl) [L. labium. Up, G.+
here the stomach is normally in contact with the plasso, I form.] Chiloplasty.
abdominal wall. L.'s vein, an inconstant anasto- la'lbiotenac'uluin. Atenaculum for holding any
motic vein connecting the superior longitudinal lip, especially of the os uteri, during an operation.
with the lateral sinus. lab'itome [G. labis, pincers, +
tome, an incision.]
lab'danum. Ladanum. Cutting forceps, a forceps with sharp blades.
labell'um. In botany, the irregularly shaped petal laTjium, gen. /a'bw, pi. /o'6ia[L.] 1. lip.A^. Any
of an orchid. lip-shaped structure. 3. In entomology, the
la'bia. Plural of labium, lip. lower lip of an insect (see labrum). 1. cer'ebri,
la'bial. i. Relating to the lips or any labium.
1
2. the inner border of each cerebral hemisphere
One of the letters, p,b,m,f,v, and w, formed by overlapping- the corpus callosum 1, ma'jus
means of the lips. puden'di (pi. la'biamajo'ra) [BNA], one of two
ianbiajism. A
form of stammering in which there rounded folds of integument forming the lateral
is confusion in the use of the labial consonants. boundaries of the rima pudendi. 1. mi'nus
labially (la'bi-al-i) Toward the lips.
. puden'di (pi. la'bia mino'ra) [BNA], nytnpha;
laH^iate. In botany, two-lipped. one of two narrow longitudinal folds enclosed in
labidom'eter [G. labis(labid~), forceps, meiron, + the cleft within the labia majora; posteriorly
measure.] An attachment to the obstetrical they gradually merge into the labia majora and
forceps for measuring the size and curvature of join to form the fourchette, or frenulum labi-
the fetal head. orum pudendi; anteriorly each labium divides
labile (lab'il) [L. labilis, liable to slip.] Unsteady, into two portions which unite with those of the
not fixed; noting (i) certain constituents of opposite side in front of the glans clitoridis to
serum which are readily destroyed by keeping, form the prepuce, and behind to form the frenu-
by subjecting to slight degrees of heat, etc., and lum. 1. o'ris [BNA], one of the lips bounding
(2) an electrode which is kept moving over the the cavity of the mouth. 1. tympan'jcum
surface during the passage of an electric current. [BNA], tympanic lip, the free border of the
I. el'ements, tissue cells, as of epithelium, connec- lamina spiralis ossea of the cochlea. 1. ure'thrje,
tive tissue, etc., which continue to multiply by one of the two lateral margins of the meatus
mitosis during the life of the individual. urinarius. I. u'teri, the thick margin of the
labirity. Instability, changefulness. external os uteri constituting the vaginal portion
labim'eter. Labidometer. of the cervix; the lips are spoken of as anterior
lab"iocer'vical [L. labium, lip, -f- cervix, neck.] and posterior, though there is no true line of
Relating to a lip and a neck, noting speciiically demarcation between them. 1. vestibula're
the labial or buccal surface of the neck of a [BNA], vestibular lip, an edge of thickened peri-
tooth. osteum projecting into the ductus cochlearis
labiochorea (la-bl-o-ko-re'ah) [L. labium, lip.] A just above the 1. tympanicum. 1. voca'le
chronic spasm of the lips interfering more or less (pi. la'bia voca'lia) [BNA], the projection at
with speech. either side of the rima glottidis, formed of
labiodental (la-M-o-den'tal) [L. labium, lip, dens + mucous membrane covering the vocal ligament
(dent-), tooth.] Relating to the lips and the and vocal muscle; its free margin forms the true
teeth, noting certain letters (f, v) the sotmd of vocal cord.
which is formed by both lips and teeth. la'bor [L. laborare, to work.] Delivery, childbirth;
labioglossolaryngeal (la"bK-o-glos"o-lar-in'je-al) [F. the process of expulsion of a fetus from the uterus
labium, lip, -f G. gldssa, tongue, -I- larynx.] at the normal termination of pregnancy, first
LABOR 533 LACERATION

stage of the period of dilatation of the os uteri.

1., of Ferrein; contains the Malpighian corpuscles
it
missed the occurrence of a few labor pains at
1., and convoluted tubules. 4. A group of upright
the normal term followed by their cessation and test-tubes terminating below in a base of communi-
the retention of the fetus for an indefinite period. cating, alternately U- and ^-shaped tubes, used
premature' 1., the expulsion of a viable fetus prior for isolating motile from non-motile organisms in
to the normal end of pregnancy, i,e. from the culture, or a motile from a less motile organism
seventh to the ninth month, sec'ond stage (as the typhoid from the colon bacillus) the
1., of the descent and expulsion of the fetus. former travelling faster and farther through the
third stage of 1., the period following the birth of tubes than the latter (see cut), bony L, lahy-
the child until the expulsion of the placenta and' rinthus osseus. ethmoid'al 1., labyrinthus eth-
membranes, or after-birth. moidalis. Ludwig's 1., renal 1. mem'branous 1.,
labyrinthus membranaceus. osseous 1., laby-
accelerating, oxytocic, ocyodinic, odinagogue, parturi-
after end of tenth montn, partus
rinthus osseus. renal 1., lab3Tinth(3).
facient, maieutic.
serotinus, at term, partus maturus. before fifth labyrinthine (lab-I-rin'thin). i. Relating to any
monthp abortion, breech presentation, partus agrip- labyrinth. 2. Perplexing, intricate, involved.
pinus. dystocia,
difficult, mo^itocia, partus
difficilis.discharge following, lochia, dry, partus labyrinthitis (lab-ir-in-thi'(the')tis). Inflammation
siccus, xerotocia. easy, eutocia. face presentation, of a labyrinth, especially of the internal ear, otitis
grosopotocia. foot presentation, partus aggrip-nus. interna.
:om end of seventh until end of tenth month, partus
labyrin'thus [G. labyrinthos, a maze, an intricate
praematurus. from fifth to end of seventh month,
miscarriage, partus immaturus. insanity following, system of intercommunicating passages.] Laby-
tocomania, maieusiomania, puerperal insanity, nor- rinth. A term applied to several anatomical
mal, eutocia. science of, obstetrics, tocology, mai-
softening, halisteresis. spontaneous expulsion structures with numerous intercommunicating
eutics.
in transverse presentation, partus conduplicato corpore cells or canals noting specifically the internal ear,
;

comprising the semicircular canals, vestibule, and

laboratorian (lab"or-a-to'ri-an). One who works cochlea. 1. ethmoida'lis [BNA], ethmoidal laby-
in a laboratory, specifically one who makes rinth, lateral mass of the ethmoid bone a mass of ;

examinations for diagnostic purposes of the air-cells with thin bony walls dependent on either
blood and other fluids and excretions; opposed side from the horizontal plate; the cells are
to clinician. arranged in three groups, anterior, middle, and
lab'oratory [L. laboratorium, a work-place.] A posterior, and are closed in externally by the
room fitted up with apparatus for conducting lamina papyracea, or os planum, which forms
experiments (chemical, physiological, and the part of the wall of the orbit. L membrana'ceus,
like), making analyses, manufacturing drugs, etc. [BNA], membranous labyrinth, an arrangement
Laborde's for'ceps (IS-bord') [Jean Baptiste Vincent of communicating membranous sacs, filled with
Laborde, French physician, 1830— 1903.] Forceps endolymph and surrounded by perilymph,
with flat crescentic blades, used for grasping the lying within the cavity of the osseous labyrinth;
tongue in making traction. L.'s meth'od, its chief divisions are: sacculus, utriculus,
rhythmical tractions on the tongue, grasped by ductus cochlearis, and ductus semicirculares.
the thumb and finger or L.'s forceps, made from 1. os'seus [BNA], osseous labyrinth, bony
fifteen to seventeen times a minute, in order to labyrinth, a series of cavities (cochlea, vestibule,
stimulate the respiratory center in cases of and semicircular canals) in the petrous portion
asphyxiation and apparent death. of the temporal bone which lodge the membran-
labor'dhi [after J. B. V. Laborde.*] Analgen. ous labyrinth with its terminal auditory ap-
labrocyte (lab'ro-sit) [G. labros, gluttonous.] Mast- paratus. 1. pu'bicus im'p'ar, 1. pudenda'lis,
cell. plexus pudendalis.
la'brum, pi. la'bra [L.] ±. lip.A2. A
lip-shaped lac, gen. laciis [L.] i. Milk. 2. Any whitish,
structure. 3. In entomology, the upper lip of milky looking liquid. 3. An exudate of a scale
an insect (see labium). 1. glenoida'le [BNA], insect. 4. The exuded sap of certain trees, used
glenoidal lip, articular margin a ring or segment
;
as a varnish. 1. ammoni'aci, mistura ammoniaci.
of a ring, of fibrocartilage or fibrous connective 1. argen'ti, precipitated chloride of silver. 1.
tissue, attached to the margin of the bony socket asafcet'idas, emulsum asafcetidse. 1. fermenta'-

of a joint to increase its depth. tum (N.F.), fermented milk; cow's milk fermented
with yeast and sugar, resembling kumyss. 1.
ferri, freshly precipitated ferric phosphate in
water. I. humanisa'tum, humanized milk; pre-
pared by triturating humanizing milk powder
(pulvis pro lacte humanisato, N.F.) gr. 100 (6 5) .

with water 5 2 (60 o), and adding to a bottle con-

.

taining fresh co'w's milk 5 ^ (60 o) and fresh.

cream gj (15.0), heating to 100° F. (38° C.) for

fifteen minutes, then quickly bringing to a boil and
at once cooling it should be prepared just before
;

use. 1. plumbi, liquor plumbi lactatis. 1. sul'phuris,

milk of sulphur, sulphur praecipitatum. 1. vacci'-
Labyrinth. num (N.F.), cow's, milk. 1. virgina'le, a wash
consisting chiefly of lead water, like the liquor
labyrinth (lab'ir-inth) [G. labyrinthos, a maze.] i. plumbi lactatis.
The internal ear, comprising the semicircular lacerable (las'ur-a-bl) [L. lacerare, to tear.] Capable
canals, vestibule, and cochlea; see lahyrinthus. of being, or liable to be, torn.
2. Any group of communicating" cavities, as in lacerated (las'ur-a-ted) [L. lacerare, to tear.] Tom,
each lateral mass of the ethmoid bone, lahyrinthus rent.
eikmoidalis. 3. Pars convoluta [BNA] of a laceration (las-ur-a'shun) 1. . A
tear or torn
cortical lobule of the kidney; the portion of wound. 2. The process or act of tearing the
kidney cortex intervening between the pyramids tissues.
 :

LACERTUS S34
LACTOSCOPI

lacer'tus (la-sur'tus) [L.] i. The muscular part lactescence (lak-tes'ens) [L. laciescere, to beconw
2. Any muscular or fibrous band. milky.] Milkiness, the quality of becominj
of the arm.
1. cor'dis, one of the trabeculae cdrnese. 1. milky or of resembling milk.
lac'tic [L. lac(Jact-), mflk.] Relating to mUk. 1
fibro'sus [BNA], bicipital or semilunar fascia,
acid, acidum lacticimi. 1. acid bacill'us, one o:
radiating fibers from the tendon of insertion
of the biceps passing obliquely over the hollow several forms which cause 1. acid fermentation ir
milk 1. acid fermenta'tion, the production of 1
of the elbow to the ulnar side and becoming
merged into the deep fascia of the forearm. 1. acid in milk caused by the presence of any on(
me'dius, ligamentum longitudinale anterius. of a number of 1. acid bacilli.
lachesis (lak'e-sis) [G. lackesis, destiny, fate.] The lactiferous [L. lacQact-), mUk, +
ferre, to carry.;

venom of Lachesis muius, the bushmaster snake Conveying milk, galactophorous.

of South America employed in homeopathic prac-
;
lactifuge (lak'tl-fuj) [L. lac{lact-), milk, +
fugare, tc
drive away.] r. Causing the arrest of the secre-
tice in the treatment of septicemia, varicose veins,
diphtheria with great prostration, and peritonitis, tion of milk. z. An agent which arrests the se-

in doses from the 6th to the 30th potency. cretion of milk.

lachrymal (lak'rl-mal). Lacrymal. lactigenous (lak-tij'en-us) [L. lac(laci-), milk, -H
laclnia (IS-sin'i-ah) [L. fringe.] Fimbria. lacin'- gennao, I produce.] Galactopoietic producinj ;

iee tu'bse, fimbriae tubae uterinae. milk.

lac'moid. Trade name of a purplish dye made lactigerous (lak-tij'er-us) [L. lac{lact-), milk, +
from resorcinol-blue; employed as an
resorcin, gerere, to carry.] Lactiferous, galactophorous.
indicator, being turned blue by alkalies and red by lac'tim. A term denoting the more stable of the
acids. 1. paper, blotting paper saturated with a tautomeric forms of a urate; see lactam,
solution of lacmoid and dried, employed as an lactimorbus (lak'ti-mor'bus) [L. lac(lact-), milk, 4
indicator of acidity or alkalinity in a flmd. morbus, disease.] Milk-sickness.
lac'mus [D. lak, lac, +
moes, pulp.] Litmus. lac'tin. Lactose, milk-sugar.
lac'rima, pi. lac'rimtE [L.] tear. A lac'tinated. Prepared with or containing milk-sugar
lac'rimal. Lacrymal. lactiv'orous [L. lacflact-), miUc, -1- vorare, to devour.;
lacrima'lis [L.] Lacrymal. Living on milk.
lac'rymal [L. lacrima, a tear.] Relating to the tears lactobacilline (lac-to-bas'il-en). A
preparation con-
or to weeping. 1. bay, a slight recess at the inter- taining lactic acid bacilli in powder or tablets
nal angle of the eye in which are the puncta lacri- employed to arrest intestinal putrefaction, 01
malia, or openings into the lacrymal ducts. 1. added to milk to cause lactic acid fermentation.
bone, 1, canal, 1. duct, etc., see the nouns. lactobutyrometer (lak-to-bu-tl-rom'e-tur) [L. lai
lacryma'tion. The secretion of tears, especially in (fact-), milk, + G. boutyron, butter, -+ metron,
excess. measure.] A form of lactocrit.
lacrymator lacrima, tear.]
(lak'rJ-ma-tur) [L. lactocele (lak'to-sel) pL. lacQact-), milk, +
G. kele
Tear gas,* benzene bromide, acetone, or xylol. tiimor.] Galactocele.
lacrymotome (lak'ri-mo-tom) A fine bladed knife
. lac'tocrit, lac'tocrite [L. lacQact-), milk, +
krites
for use in lacrymotomy. judge.] An instrument for use in the estimatior
laciymot'omy [L. lacrima, tear, + G. iom.e, incision.] of the amoimt of butter-fat in milk.
The operation of incising the lacrymal duct or sac. lactodensim'eter [L. lac^lact-), milk, + densus
lac'tagogue [L. lac, milk, + G. agogos, leading.] thick, + G. meiron, measure.] A form of galac-
Galactagogue. tometer, an instrument for determining the
lac'tagol. Trade name of a galactagogue remedy specific gravity of milk.
prepared from cotton-seed. lactoglob'ulin. Milk-globulin, the form of globulir
lactalbu'min. Milk-albumin, the special form of present in milk.
albumin contained in milk. lac'tol.I. Trade name of betanaphthol lactate

lac'tam. A term denoting the more unstable of the employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses ol
tautomeric forms of a urate, its formula being: gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). z. Actol.
NH— CO lac'tolin. Evaporated milk.
lactom'eter [L. lacQact-), milk, + matron
/ C-NH\
I

measure.] Galactometer.
G.
CO lactonaph'thol.
\NH— C— NH/ CO II
; the lactim* formula is
lactone
Lactol(i).
(lak'ton). i. An organic anhydride
formed from an hydroxyacid by the loss of water
N = C(OH) 2. A volatile liquid, C10H8O4, obtained by the

C(OH)
/ C— NH\ I
dry distillation of lactic acid. 3. Trade name o: