Easy Learning Irish Verbs

Collins ___ _
r1s
Verbs
Dr A.J. Hughes
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Acknowledgements
We wo u l d l i ke to t h a n k those AUTHOR
a u t h o rs a n d p u b l i s h e rs who k i n d l y DrA.J. H u g hes
g ave perm ission fo r copyri g h t
materi a l t o be u s e d i n the Co l l i n s PROJECT EDITOR
Wo rd Web . We wo u l d a l so l i ke to S u s i e Beattie
t h a n k Ti m e s N ewspapers Ltd fo r
p rovi d i n g va l u a b l e d ata .
An t O dar Ta a n D rArt H ug h es, MA, M esL, Ph D m a r Stiurt h 6 i r Cursa
ar an G h a e i l g e in O l l sc o i l U la d h B h ea l Fei rste . Ta taithf 25 b l i a i n ag a n
i a rSco l a i re Fu l b ri g h t s e o i l eacht6 i reacht na Gae i l g e a g u s sa ta i g h d e
i n Eiri n n . sa F h ra i n c a g u s i StaitAo ntaithe M h e i rcea . De na 1 5 l e a b h a r
a t a foi l sithe a i g e , ba i n ea n n se c i n n acu l e haistriuc h a i n de n u a l itrfoc ht
na Gaei l g e sa Bhearla, sa Fh ra i n c i s agus sa B h riota i n i s . Ta cuig leabhar
foi l sithe fosta aige d'fh o g h l a i m e o i rf na Gaei l g e agus ta said seo foi l sithe
ag C l 6 1 a n n Bheann M h a d a g a i n - ta b h a i r c u a i rt a r a n tsufo m h i d i rlfn
www. be n m a d i g a n p ress . co m .
T h e Author: D r A . J . H u g hes, M A , M esL, Ph D i s cou rse D i rector fo r Irish

l a n g u a g e p rog ra m mes in the U n iversity of U l ster at Belfast. This fo rmer
Fu l b r i g h t S c h o l a r i s a n expert i n I ri s h l a n g uage a n d l i te ratu re a n d has over
25 years of lectu r i n g and researc h i n g o n the s u bject in Ire l a n d , Fra n ce a n d
U SA. O f h i s 1 5 books t o d ate, six have b e e n tra n s l ations o f I ri s h l iteratu re
i nto E n g l i s h , Fre n c h a n d B reto n . He has a l so p u b l i s h ed five books fo r
learners a n d these have been p u b l ished by Ben M a d i g a n Press- see the
website www. be n m a d i g a n p ress . co m .
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Clar Contents
N od a 2 A b b reviat i o n s 2
Canu i nti na Gaei l g e 3 Irish D i a l ects 3
N a h Eo c h a i r b h riat h ra 4 Key verbs 4
Rea m h ra 6 Introd u c t i o n 6
Ta b l a i ma m b riathra 8 Ve r b t a b l e s 8
A g u isin A 240 Appendix A 240
Treo i r d o n B h r i a t h a r G u i d e t o t h e Ve rbs
a g u s don l n n eacs 244 a n d to t h e Index 244
l n n eacs 268 I ndex 268
Ach o i m re G ra m adai 309 G ra m m a r Syn o p s i s 309

Abbreviations Noda
c Con n a u g h t C u i g e Chon nacht

M M u nster Cuige Mumhan
u U l ster Cuige Uladh
aut. a u to n o m o u s saorbhriathar
dep. d e p e n d e n t fo rm foi rm spleach
dial. d i a l ect can u i nt
indep. i n d e p e n d e n t fo rm foi rm neamh spleach
pl p l u ra l uimhir iolra
rel. rel ative fo rm foi rm choi bhneasta
in the i n dependent nea m h spleach
sg singular uimhir uatha
va r varia nt leagan malartach
2
Canu intf na Gaei lge
Irish Dia lects
....
Beal Feirste
• Belfast
Cuige Uladh
Ulster
Cuige Chonnacht
,=-ti!... Connaught
_
Baile Atha Cliath

• Dublin
Cuige Laighean
Leinster
Cuige Mumhan
Munster r...
, ....
. ....
...., ...._
I
• Ceantar Gaeltachta
Irish-speaking Area
3
Na hEocha irbhriathra
abair say 31 diol sell

2 aith i n recog nise 32 dirigh stra i g hten
3 aithris i m itate 33 d6igh b u rn
4 amharc look 34 d ruid c l ose, shut
5 at swe l l 35 d u isigh wake u p
6 ath raigh change 36 dun close. shut
7 bai g h d rown 37 eagraigh o rg a n ise
8 bail i g h gather 38 eirigh g et u p
9 bain cut. w i n 39 eist l i sten
10 bea n naigh bless 40 fag l eave
11 bei r bear 41 fai g h get
12 bi be fan
1
42 wait
13 is the c o p u l a 43 fas g row
14 bog move 44 feic see
15 bris b reak 45 feoigh rot, d ecay
16 bru i g h p ress, p u s h 46 fiafraigh ask. e n q u i re
17 cai l l lose 47 fi l l = pill u ret u r n
18 caith spen d , wear 48 fliuch wet, soak
19 cas twist. t u rn 49 fog h laim learn , teach
20 ceangail tie so foilsigh publish
21 cean n a i g h buy 51 freagair a n swer
22 cloig h defeat 52 freastail atte n d
23 clois = c l u i n U hear 53 geill yield
24 coda ii sleep 54 glan clean
25 coin n i g h keep 55 goirtigh salt, p i c k l e
26 cruaigh h a rd e n 56 gortaigh h u rt , i nj u re
27 cru i n n i g h col l ect 57 iarr a s k , req u est
28 cuir put 58 imi g h l eave. g o off
29 dathaigh co l o u r 59 imir p l ay (ga m e)
30 dean do, make 60 i n is te l l
4
The Key Verbs
61 iompair ca rry 91 sin stretc h

62 ionsaig h attac k 92 sin i g h sign
63 ith eat 93 siuil wa l k
64 labhair speak 94 smao i n i g h think
65 las light 95 socraigh arra n g e
66 leigh read 96 stampai l sta m p
67 l ig let, perm it 97 suigh sit
68 mara i g h ki l l marbh 98 tabhair g ive
69 meath wither, rot 99 tagair refe r
70 mill destroy, ru i n 100 taispea i n s h ow
71 mi n i g h exp l a i n 101 taistil travel
72 mionnaigh swear 102 taitin shine
73 mol p ra i se 103 tar come
74 mu sea i i wake u p 104 tarraing p u l l , d raw
75 neartaigh strengt hen 105 tea n n tig hten
76 nigh wash 106 teigh go
77 oil tra i n , rea r 107 tiomai n d rive
78 61 drink 108 tit fa l l
79 ordaigh o rd e r 109 tog l ift
80 oscail=foscail u o p e n 110 tosai g h beg i n
81 pacail pack lll tracht mention
82 p6s m a rry 112 triomaigh d ry
83 rith run 113 tuig u nd e rsta n d
84 roi n n = ran n d ivide 114 tuirsigh t i re , exhaust
85 sabhail save 115 u l lmhaigh p repare
86 scan raigh fri g hten
87 scao i l s h oot, loosen
88 scriobh write
89 sea chain avoi d
go seas sta n d
5
Reamhra
Mas foghalimeoir thu n6 mas ag iarraidh an mheirg a bhaint de do chuid Gaeilge n6

ag ullmhu do scruduithe ata tu, ta an da imleabhar Easy Learning Irish Verbs agus a
chomhleabhar sraithe Easy Learning Irish Grammar, anseo le cuidiu Ieat.
Is feidir leis an tearmafocht theicniuil bac a chur ar fhoghlaimeoirf ata ag iarraidh eolas
a chur ar ghramadach theanga nua, ach mfnftear na tearmaf seo ina niomlaine san Easy
Learning Irish Grammar. Is uirlis ghasta thagartha e an leabhar Easy Learning Irish Verbs a
chuireann tablaf briathra ar fail don bhunfhoghlaimeoir agus fiu don chainteoir Ifofa a
usaideann an teanga ar bhonn laethuil ar bhealach simplf soileir.
Ta Easy Learning Irish Verbs struchturtha i ranna a easc6idh usaid agus tuiscint na mbriathra
duit.
Sa chead roinn tugtar tablaf do 115 eochairbhriathar(idir rialta agus mhfrialta) ina dtugtar
na seacht n-aimsir agus modh eagsula-mar aon leis an ghas/fhreamh, leis an ainm
briathartha, agus leis an aidiacht bhriathartha. Is iad an gas agus an t-ainm briathartha an
da chuid is tabhachtaf de bhriathar ar bith-agus ce go n-usaidtear an aidiacht bhriathartha
mar'aidiacht', feicfear nfos minice e mar'rangabhail chaite' leis na na haimsirf eagsula foirfe
a dheanamh. lnAg u is inA, i ndiaidh na dtablaf, tugtar leaganacha Bearla do na leaganacha
difriula den bhriathar a reimnftear i nGaeilge sna tablaf-agus usaidtear an briathar g l an
'clean' mar shampla.
Is sa Chaighdean Oifigiuil a thugtar prfomhthablaf na mbriathra- bfodh go liostailtear

prfomhleaganacha canunacha mar fhon6taf sna tabla[ ceanna do na trf mh6rchanuint:
Cuige Uladh, Cuige Chonnacht agus Cuige Mumhan. Cuideoidh sea leis an usaideoir eolas
a chur ar an Chaighdean Oifigiuil agus ar Gaeilge bheo na Gaeltachta a chluintear go minic
fosta sna meain chumarsaide agus a leitear i litrfocht reigiunach na Nua-Ghaeilge.
Ta Treoirdon Leitheoir mar an dara roinn sa leabhar, roinn a thugann eolas ar struchtur an
bhriathair sa Ghaeilge mar aon le heolas ar an bhaintata idir naTablaf agus lnneacs na
mBriathra ar chul an leabhair. Ta achoimre usaideach ar an bhriathar le fail anseo-agus is
m6r is fiu an roinn sea a leamh!
Is e lnneacs na mBriathra an trfu roinn agus ta amach is isteach ar3000 briathar san
lnneacs. Tugtar na prfomhfhoirmeacha a leanas san lnneacs: an gas, an chiall(i mBearla),
an t-ainm briathartha agus an aidiacht bhriathartha(coluin 1-4); agus ansin tugtar
crostagairt i gcolun 5 do cheann de na 115 eochairbhriathar, nf a leireoidh na bunphatruin a
bheas ag an bhriathar airithe sin. CuireannAchoimre Gramadaf crfoch leis an imleabhar sea
de Easy Learning Irish Verbs.
Tugann Easy Learning Irish Grammar ceim nfos faide thu leis an fhoghlaim. Is forlfonadh e ar an
meid eolais ata ar fail in Easy Learning Irish Verbs ag tabhairt tuilleadh leirithe agus treoracha
ar usaid na mbriathra. gan tracht ar ghneithe eile de ghramadach na Gaeilge. Is cinnte go
gcuideoidh an da leabhar Easy Learning Irish Verbs agus Easy Learning Irish Grammar leatsa, mar
fhoghlaimeoir, agus tu ag tabhairt faoin Ghaeilge.
6
Introduction
Whether you are starting to learn Irish forthe veryfirst time. brushing up your language
skills or revising for your exams. the Easy Leaming Irish Verbs and its companion volume.
the Easy Leaming Irish Grammar. are here to help.
Newcomers can sometimes struggle with the technical terms they come across when
they start to explore the grammar of a new language but these are explained fully in the
Easy Leaming Irish Grammar. The Easy Leaming IrishVerbs is a handy reference source which
presents verb tables for the learner and everyday language user in a simple, uncluttered
manner.
Easy Leaming Irish Verbs is divided into sections to help you become confident in using and
understanding Irish verbs. The first section consists of the verb tables forns key Irish verbs
(regular and irregular) which are given in full for the various seven tenses and moods
complete with the stem, the verbal noun plus the verbal adjective. The stem and the verbal
noun(or infinitive) are the two most important parts of any verb. While the verbal adjective
may be used as an 'adjective', it will appear more commonly as a'past participle' in forming
the various perfect tenses. Appendix A follows the verb tables and gives clear-cut information
on the different parts of the Irish verbs conjugated by providing full parallel English
translations of all the verbal forms for the sample verb glan'clean'.
The main verb tables are presented in the Standard language-however some key variants
are provided as footnotes to the tables for the three main dialects of Ulster. Connaught and
Munster. This will enable the user to become acquainted with Standard Irish and with the
key spoken variants in the Gae/tacht(or'lrish-speaking') areas, often heard on the media, and
found in the regional literature of Modern Irish.
The second section is a Reader's Guide which gives information on the general structure of
the verb in Irish and indications as to how the Tables and the Verb Index relate to each other.
This section provides a useful overview of the verb in Irish and is well worth a read I
The third section is the Verb Index itself which lists around3300 verbs. The Index lists the
main forms of each of these verbs(stem. English meaning. verbal noun and verbal adjective.
columns i-4) followed by a cross-reference in the 5th column to one of the115 key verb tables.
which will show you the patterns that any given verb follows.A short GrammarAppendix
rounds off the volume Easy Leaming Irish Verbs.
The Easy Leaming Irish Grammar takes you a step further in your language learning. It
supplements the information given in the Easy Leaming Irish Verbs by offering even more
guidance on the usage and meaning of verbs. as well as looking at the most important
aspects of Irish grammar. Together. or individually, the Easy Learning titles offer you all the
help you need when learning Irish.
7
VERB TABLES
1 a ba i r say ra raite
a n a i m s i r chaite the past tense
duirt m e n f dui rt
dui rt tu an ndui rt?
dui rt se/sf g o nduirt
dura m a r nach nduirt
duirt s i b h nf durad h/nfo r hura d h
d u i rt s i a d a n ndura d h ?
durad h/hura d h g o/nach n d urad h
isg d u rt/d u ras, 2sg d u rais, 2p/ d u ra b h a i r M ip/ d u i rt m u i d cu 3pl d u rad a r MC

d'u i rt, nfor u i rt, a r/g u r/nar u i rtetc . , aut . h u ra d h: n fo r, a r g u r, nar h u rad h ; cu
an a i m s i r laith reach the present tense

deirim nf deir
d ei r tu a n n d e i r?
d e i r se/sf go ndeir
deirimid nach n d e i r
deir sibh
d e i r siad
d e i rtea r
i p l dei r m u i d CU 3p/ d e i rid (siad) M re /. a d e i r ; d e i reann se dia/ .

var. dep. nf a b ra n n , an abra n n? etc U
a n a i m s i r fhaisti neach the futu re tense

dearfa i d h m e n f dearfa i d h
dearfa i d h tu a n ndearfa i d h ?
d e a rfa i d h se/si g o n d ea rfa i d h
d e a rfa i m i d nach ndearfa i d h
d e a rfa i d h s i b h
I1 d e a rfa i d h s i a d
d e a rfa r
I isg d ea rfad 2sg dearfa i r M d ea rfa i d h m u i d c u re /. a dearfas .

,
Dep. n f a b r6chaid h , g o n-abr6chaidh (var. ab6ra i d h) U
8
VERB TABLES
l abair say ra raite

a n modh coi n n io l l ach the co n d itional mood
dearfa i n n n f dearfad h
dearfa a n ndearfad h ?
dearfa d h se/sf g o ndearfad h
dearfa i m i s nach n d e a rfad h
dearfa d h s i b h
dearfa i d fs
dearfaf
1pl dearfad h m u i d C 3p/ dearfad h siad U dep. n i abr6chai nn (ni ab6rai nn),
ni abr6chad h , go n-abr6chad h (var. ab6 rad h) U
a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect tense

d e i ri n n n f dei read h
d e i rtea a n n d e i read h ?
d e i read h se/sf g o n d e i read h
d e i ri m i s nach n d e i read h
d e i read h s i b h
dei ridfs
d e i rtf
1pl deiread h m u i d C3p/ deiread h siad U B a g h nach liom a ra etc . U dep. ni abrai n n ,
ni abrad h se, go n-abrad h etc . U
a n m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

the i m pe rative mood the p resent s u bj u n ctive
a b ra i m go n d e i re m e
abair g o n d e i re tu
a b rad h se/sf go n d e i re se/sf
a b ra i m i s go n d e i ri m id
a b ra i g f g o n d e i re s i b h
a b ra i d fs go n d e i re siad
a b a i rtea r g o n d e i rtea r
na h a b a i r n a r d e i re
3pl abrad h siad U 1pl go ndeire mu i d , go n-abraetc CU
9
VERB TABLES
2 aith i n rec o g n i se aithint aithea nta

d 'aith i n me nfor aith i n
d'aith i n tu a r a i th i n ?
d'aith i n se/sf g u r aith i n
d 'aith n fo m a r n a r aith i n
d'aith i n s i b h n fo r aith n fo d h/nfo r haith n fo d h
d'ait h i n siad
��
a r aith n fod h ?
aith n fod h/haith n fod h g u r/nar a i t h n fo d h
1sg d(h)'aithnfos, 2sg d(h)'aithnfs, 2 p / d(h)'aith nfobhair M

1p/ d'aithin mu id UC3pl d'aithnfodar MC out. haithnfod h MCU
a n a i m s i r laith reach the present tense

aith n fm n f aith n fo n n
aith n fo n n tu a n aith n fo n n ?
aith n fo n n se/sf g o n-aith n fo n n
aithnfmid nach n-aithnfo n n
aithnfonn sibh
aithnfonn siad
aith n ftea r
1p/ aithnfonn m u i d C 3pl aith nfd (siad) M

aith n i m , aithneann se, mu id etc. U rel. a aith nfos/a aith neas
a n a i m s i r fhaisti neach the fut u re tense

aithneoidh me n f aith n eo i d h
a i t h n eo i d h tu a n aithneoi d h ?
a i t h n e o i d h se/sf g o n-aith neoid h
aith neoi m i d nach n-aith n eo i d h
a i t h n eo i d h s i b h
a i t h n e o i d h siad aithneoc h a i d h u
aith n eofa rr
isg aith neod , 2sg aith neoir M 1pl aith neoidh m u id C

aith neochaidh me, mu id etc. U rel. a aith neos/a aithneochas
10
VERB TABLES
2 aith i n re co g n i s e aith int aithea nta

an modh coi n n iol lach the conditional mood
d'aith n eo i n n n i aith n eod h
d 'aith n eofa an aith neod h ?
d'aith neod h se/si g o n-aith neod h
d'aith n eo i m i s nac h n-ai t h n eod h
d 'aith neod h s i b h
d 'aith n e o i d is d 'aith neoc had h U
d 'aith neofai
1sg d'aith neochai n n , 3sg d'aithneochad h se, siad etc . u

1pl d'aith neodh mu id C

d 'ait h n i n n n i ait h n io d h
d 'aith n itea an aith n io d h ?
d 'aith n io d h se/si g o n-ai t h n io d h
d 'aith n i m i s nac h n-aith n io d h
d'aith n iod h s i b h
d 'aith nidis
d 'aith n iti
1pl d'aith nfodh m u i d C 3pl d'aith nfodh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m aith i ntetc . U
an mod h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

the i m pe rative mood the present s u bj u n ctive
aith nim go n-aith n i me
aith i n g o n-ai t h n i tu
aith n iod h se/si g o n-ai t h n i se/si
aith n i m i s go n-ai t h n i m i d
aith n ig i g o n-ai t h n i s i b h
aith n idis g o n-ai t h n i siad
aith n itear g o n-aith n itear
na haith i n naraith n i
3pl aith nfod h siad U 1pl g o n-aithnf m u id C U
11
VERB TABLES
3 aith ris i m i tate aith ris aith riste

d 'a ith ris m e n fo r a ithris
d 'a ith ris t u a r aith ri s ?
d 'aithris se/sf g u r aith ris
d'a ith risfo m a r nar aith ris
d 'aith ris s i b h n io r aith risfod h/nfor h aith risfod h
d'aithris siad a r a ith risfo d h ?
a ith risfod h , haith risfo d h MCU g u r/nar aith risfo d h
1sg d(h)'aithrisfos , 2sg d(h)'aithrisfs, 2 p l d(h)'aithrisfobhai r M

1pl d'aithris mu id UC3p/ d'aithri sfodar MC aut. haith risfodh
an a i m s i r laith reach the p resent tense

aith risfm n f aith risfo n n
a ith risfo n n tu a n a i t h risfo n n ?
a ith risfo n n se/sf g o n-aith risfo n n
aith risfm i d n a c h n-aith risfo n n
aith risfo n n s i b h
a ithrisfo n n siad
aith ri sftea r
1pl aithrisfonn m u i d C3pl aith risfd (siad) M

aith risi m , aithriseann se. mu id etc. U rel. a aith ri sfos/a aithriseas
an a i m s i r fh aisti neach the futu re tense

aith riseo i d h m e n f aith riseoid h
a ithriseo i d h tu a n a ithriseo id h ?
a i t h riseo i d h se/sf g o n-aith riseo i d h
a ith riseo i m i d nach n-aith riseo i d h
ait h riseo i d h s i b h
aithriseo i d h siad a ith riseoch a i d h u
a ithri seofa r
1sg aith riseod , 2sg aithriseoir M aithriseochaid h me, mu id etc. U

1pl aithriseoidh mu id Crel. a aithriseos/a aithriseochas
12
VERB TABLES
3 aith ris i m itate aith ris aith riste

a n modh coi n n iol lach the conditional mood
d 'aithriseo i n n n f aithriseod h
d'aithriseofa an aithri seod h ?
d'aithri seod h se/sf g o n-aithri seod h
d 'aithri s eo i m i s nac h n-aithriseod h
d 'aithriseod h s i b h
d 'aithri s e o i d fs
��
d 'aithri s eochad h U
d 'aithriseofaf
1sg d'aith riseochai n n , 3sg d'aithriseochad h se. Siad etc. u

1pl d'aithriseod h mu id C

d 'aithrisfnn n f aithri sfod h
d 'aithrisftea an aithrisfo d h ?
d 'aithri sfod h se/sf g o n-aithrisfo d h
d 'aithrisfm i s nac h n-aithrisfod h
d 'aithrisfo d h s i b h
d 'aithri sfdfs
d 'aithrisftf
1pl d'aithrisfodh mu id C 3pl d'aithrisfod h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m aithris etc. U
an m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

the i m perative mood the p resent s u bj u n ctive
aithrisfm go n-aithrisf m e
aithri s g o n-aithrisf tu
aithrisfo d h se/sf g o n-aithrisf se/sf
aithri s f m i s g o n-aithri sfm i d
aithrisfgf g o n-aithrisf s i b h
aithri sfd fs g o n-aithrisf s iad
aithrisftear g o n-aithrisftear
na haithri s nar aithrisf
3pl aithrisfodh siad U 1pl go n-aithrisf m u id CU
13
VERB TABLES
4 a m ha rc l o o k a m h a rc a m h a rctha
d 'a m h arc m e n ior a m harc
d'am harc tu ara m h arc?
d 'a m h arc se/si g u r a m harc
d 'a m h arca mar nara m h arc
d 'a m h arc s i b h n ior a m h arca d h/n ior h a m h arca d h
d 'a m harc s i a d a r a m h arca d h ?
a m h arca d h/ha m h arcad h g u r/nar a m h arca d h
1sg d(h)'am harcas , 2sg d(h)'am harcai s, 2pl d(h)'amharcabhair M

1pl d'am harc mu id CU 3pl d'am harcadar MCaut. ham harcad h MCU var. am hanc U

a m harca i m n i a m h arca n n
a m h arca n n t u a n a m harca n n ?
a m h arca n n se/si g o n-a m h arca n n
a m harca i m i d n a c h n-a m harca n n
a m h arca n n s i b h
a m h arca n n siad
a m harctar
1pl am harcan n m u i d CU 3pl amharcaid (siad) M rel. a am harcas
a n a i m si r fhaisti neach the futu re tense

a m h arcfa i d h m e n i a m harcfa i d h
a m h arcfai d h tu a n a m harcfa i d h ?
a m h arcfa i d h se/si g o n-a m harcfa i d h
a m harcfa i m i d nach n-a m harcfa i d h
a m h arcfai d h s i b h
a m h arcfai d h s i a d a m h arc6cha i d h U
a m harcfar
1sg amharcfad , 2sg am harcfair M am harcfaid h m u id C

am h rac6chaid h me/m u id U. rel. a amharcfas/a am harc6chas
14
VERB TABLES
4 a m ha rc l o o k a m ha rc a m ha rctha
a n m o d h coi n n iol lach the co n d itional mood
d'a m h arcfa i n n n f a m harcfad h
d'a m h arcfa a n a m h arcfa d h ?
d'a m harcfad h se/sf g o n-a m harcfa d h
d'a m harcfa i m i s nach n-a m harcfad h
d'a m harcfad h s i b h
d'a m harcfa i d fs d'a m harc6chad h u
d'a m h arcfaf
ipl d'amharcfad h m u i d C3pl

d'am harc6chai n n , d'am harc6chad h se, siad u
a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect te nse

d'a m harca i n n n f a m h arcad h
d'a m harcta a n a m h arcad h ?
d'a m h arca d h se/sf g o n-a m h arca d h
d 'a m h arca i m i s nach n-am harcad h
d'a m h arca d h s i b h
d'a m harcaidfs
d'a m harctaf
ipl d'amharcad h mu id C 3pl d'am harcad h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m am hare etc. U
an m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laithreach

a m h arca i m go n-a m harca m e
a m hare g o n-a m harca tu
a m h arca d h se/sf g o n-a m harca se/sf
a m h arcai m i s go n-a m harca i m i d
a m harca i g f g o n-a m harca s i b h
a m h arca i d fs g o n-a m harca siad
a m harctar g o n-a m harctar
na h a m harc nara m harca
3pl am harcad h siad U ipl go n-am harca mu id CU
15
I
11
VERB TABLES
I s at swe l l
an a i m s i r chaite
at ata
the past tense
d 'at me n forat
d 'at tu arat?
d 'at se/sf g urat
d'ata mar narat
d'at s i b h n for atad h/n for hatad h
d 'at siad ar atad h ?
atad h/hata d h g ur/nar atad h
1sg d(h)'atas. 2sg d(h)'atais, 2pl d(h)'atabhai r M

1pl d'at m u id CU 3p/ d'atadar MC out. hatad h MCU

ata i m n f ata n n
ata n n tu a n ata n n ?
ata n n se/sf g o n-ata n n
ata i m i d nach n-ata n n
ata n n s i b h
ata n n s i a d
atar
1pl atann m u i d C U 3p/ ataid (siad) M rel. a atas
an a i m s i r fhaistineach the fut u re tense

atfa i d h m e n f atfa i d h
atfa i d h tu a n atfa i d h ?
atfa i d h se/sf g o n-atfa i d h
atfa i m i d nach n-atfa i d h
atfa i d h s i b h
atfa i d h siad
atfar
1sg atfad, 2sg atfai r M atfaid h m u id C at6chaid h me/m uid etc. U rel. a atfas/
aat6chas
ii
16
VERB TABLES
s at swe l I at ata
an m o d h coi n niol lach the conditional mood
d 'atfai n n n f atfad h
d 'atfa an atfad h ?
d 'atfad h se/sf g o n-atfad h
d 'atfai m i s nach n-atfad h
d 'atfad h s i b h
d 'atfaidfs
d'atfaf
lpl d'atfad h mu id c d'at6c hai n n , d'at6chad h se/siad etc. u

d 'atai n n n f atad h
d 'ata an atad h�
d 'atad h se/sf g o n-atad h
d 'atai m i s nach n-atad h
d 'atad h s i b h
d'ataidfs
d 'ataf
ipl d 'atad h m u id C 3pl d 'atad h siad , Ba g h nach l i o m at etc. u
a n modh o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

ata i m g o n-ata me
at go n-ata tu
ata d h se/sf go n-ata se/sf
atai m i s go n-atai m i d
ataigf g o n-ata s i b h
ataidfs g o n-ata siad
atar go n-atar
na hat n a r ata
3pl atadh siad u ipl g o n-ata mu id CU
17
VERB TABLES
6 ath raig h c h a n g e ath ru ath raithe

d'at h ra i g h m e n io r ath ra i g h
d'at h ra i g h tu a r ath ra i g h ?
d'at h ra i g h se/si g u r ath rai g h
d'at h raio m a r n a r ath ra i g h
d'at h ra i g h s i b h n io r ath raiod h/nio r hath raiod h
d'at h ra i g h siad a r ath raiod h ?
athraiodh/hath raiod h g u r/nar athraiod h
1sg d(h)'at h ra ios, 2sg d (h)'ath rafs, 2pl d(h)'athrafo b h a i r M

1pl d'ath ra i g h mu id U C 3pl d'ath rafodar MC o ut. hathrafo d h MCU
a n a i m s i r laith reach the p resent tense

athraim n i athrafo n n
ath raio n n tu a n athraio n n ?
athraio n n se/si g o n-ath raio n n
ath raim i d nach n-at h raio n n
ath raio n n s i b h
ath raio n n siad
ath raitear
1pl athrafo n n m u i d C 3pl athrafd (siad) M

athra i m , ath ra n n se/m u i d etc. U rel. a athrafos

ath r6id h m e n i ath r6id h
ath r6id h t u an ath r6 i d h ?
ath r6id h se/si g o n-ath r6idh
ath r6im id nach n-at h r6 i d h
ath r6idh sibh
ath r6 i d h siad
��
ath r6c h a i d h u
ath r6fa r
1sg athr6d , 2sg ath r6i r M 1pl athr6 i d h mu id C

athr6c h a i d h m e/mu id etc. U rel. a ath r6s/a athr6chas
18
VERB TABLES
6 ath raig h c h a n g e ath ru ath raithe

a n mod h coin niol lach the co n d itional mood
d 'at h r6 i n n n f a t h r6 d h
d 'ath r6fa a n athr6d h ?
d 'at h r6 d h se/sf g o n-ath r6 d h
d'at h r6 i m i s n a c h n-a t h r6 d h
d 'at h r6d h s i b h
d 'at h r6 i d fs d 'at h r6c h a d h u
d 'ath r6faf
isg d'ath r6chai n n , 3sg d'at h r6chad h se/siad etc. u

ip/ d 'athr6d h m u id c
a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m perfect tense

d'ath rafnn n f ath rafod h
d 'ath raftea a n ath rafod h ?
d 'ath rafo d h se/si g o n-ath rafod h
d'ath raim i s nach n-ath rafod h
d 'at h rafo d h s i b h
d 'ath rafd fs
d 'ath raftf
ip/ d'at h rafod h mu id C 3p/ d'ath rafod h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m athru etc. u
an modh o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

the i m perative mood the present s u bj u n ctive
a t h rafm go n-ath raf me
a t h ra i g h go n-ath raf tu
a t h rafo d h se/sf go n-ath raf se/sf
a t h rafm i s g o n-ath rafm i d
a t h raigf g o n-ath raf s i b h
ath rafd fs g o n-at h raf siad
ath raftear g o n-ath raftear
na h ath ra i g h nar athrai
3pl athrafod h siad U i p / g o n-ath raf m u id CU
19
VERB TABLES
7 bai g h d rown ba baite

an aimsir chaite the past tense
b h a i g h me n fo r b h a i g h
bha i g h tu ar bhaig h ?
b h a i g h se/sf g u r bhaigh
bhamar nar bhaigh
bhaigh sibh nfor badh
' h si ad
b_
_ ha_i= g ___�� a r bad h ?
bad h g u r/nar badh
1sg (d o) bhas. 2sg (do) bhais. 2pl (do) bhabhair M

1pl bhaigh mu id cu 3pl (do) bhadar MC bhaith bhai g h u
=
a n aimsir laith reach the p resent tense

bairn n f bhan n
ba n n tu an mbann?
ba n n se/sf g o m ba n n
b a i rn id nach m b a n n
ba n n s i b h
ban n s i a d
baitear
1pl ba n n m u id c u 3pl baid (siad) M

baith i m , baithea n n etc. u rel. a bhas/a bhaitheas

bafa i d h m e n f b h afa i d h
bafa i d h tu a n m bafa i d h ?
bafa i d h se/sf g o m bafa i d h
bafa i m i d nach m bafa i d h
bafa i d h s i b h
11
bafa i d h siad
bafa r
1sg bafa d , 2sg bafa i r M bafa i d h m u id c u baithfi d h

u rel. a bhafas
20
VERB TABLES
7 bai g h d rown ba baite

an mod h coi n n iol lach the co n d itional mood
b hafai n n n f b h afad h
b hata an m b afad h ?
b h afad h se/sf g o m bafad h
b hafai m i s nach m bafad h
b hafad h s i b h
b hafaidfs
bhafar
1pl bhafa d h mu id C 3p/ bhafa d h siad var. bhaithfead h siad etc. u

bhainn nf bhadh
b h a i tea an m ba d h ?
bhadh se/sf go mbadh
bhaimis nac h m ba d h
bhadh sibh
b h a i d fs
b h a itr
1pl bhad h m u i d C , 3p/ bhadh siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m ba etc. u

bairn go mba me
baigh g o m ba tu
badh se/si g o m b a se/sf
b a i rn is go mbaimid
baigf g o m ba s i b h
b a i d fs g o m ba s iad
baitear go m baitear
na ba i g h nar b h a
3pl bad h siad u 1pl g o m ba m u id CU
21
VERB TABLES
8 bai l i g h g a t h e r bai l i u bailithe

bhailigh me n for b h a i l i g h
b h a i l i g h tu a rbhai l i g h ?
b h a i l i g h se/sf g ur b h a i l i g h
b h a i l io m ar nar b ha i l i g h
bhailigh sibh n for ba i l io d h
bhailigh siad ar ba i l io d h ?
ba i l iod h g ur/nar bai l io d h
1sg (do) b h a i l fos, 2sg (do) b h a i l fs, 2p/ (do) bhai lfo b h a i r M
1pl b h a i l i g h mu id UC 3p/ b h a i l fodar MC

ba i l im n f b h a i l fo n n
ba i l io n n tu a n m ba i l io n n ?
bai l fo n n se/sf g o m ba i l io n n
bailimid nach m ba i l fo n n
ba i l fo n n s i b h
b a i l fo n n s i a d
bai l ftear
1pl b a i l fo n n m u i d C 3p/ ba i l fd (siad) M

ba i l i m , baileann se/m u i d U re/. a bhai lfos
an a i m s i r fhaisti neach the futu re tense

b a i l eo i d h m e nf b h a i l eo i d h
b a i l eo i d h tu a n m b a i l eo i d h ?
b a i l eo i d h se/sf g o m ba i l e o i d h
ba i l eo i m i d nach m ba i l eo i d h
baileoi d h s i b h
ba i l eo i d h siad
b a i l eofar
1sg baileod , 2sg baileoir M ip/ ba i leoidh m u id c

baileochaidh me/mu id etc. U re/. a bhail eos/a bhai leochas
22
VERB TABLES
8 bai l i g h g a t h e r bai l i u bai l ithe

a n mod h coi n n iol lach the co n d itional mood
bhai l eo i n n n i bhai l eod h
bhail eofa an m ba i l e od h ?
bhai leodh se/si g o m bai l eod h
bhaileo i m i s nach m bai l eod h
b hai leod h s i b h
bhaileoidis
bhail eofai
1sg b h a i l eochai n n , 3sg bhai leoc had h se. siad etc. u

1p/ bhaileodh mu id C
an a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m perfect tense

bhai l i n n n i bhai l io d h
bhailitea an m bai l iod h ?
bhai l io d h se/si g o m bai l io d h
bhailimis n a c h m bai l io d h
bhai l io d h s i b h
bhailid is
b h a i l iti
1 p / b h a i l fo d h m u id c. 3 p / b h a i l fo d h s i a d U
Ba g h nach l i o m bai l i u etc. u

bai lim g o m bai l i m e
bai l i g h g o m bai l i tu
bai l iod h se/si g o m bai l i se/si
bai l i m i s go m bai l i m i d
bai l ig i g o m bai l i s i b h
bai l id is g o m ba i l i siad
bai l itear g o m ba i l itear
na bai l i g h narbhai l i
3pl bailio d h siad u 1p/ g o m b a i l i m u i d C U
23
VERB TABLES
g bai n c u t, wi n bai nt bai nte

bhain me n ior b h a i n
b h a i n tu arbhai n ?
bhain se/si g u rbhain
b h a i neamar nar b h a i n
bhain s i b h n ior baineadh
bhain siad ar b a i n ead h ?
ba i nead h g u r/nar bai nead h
1sg (do) bhai neas, 2sg (do) b h a i n i s , 2pl (do) bhaineabhair M

1pl b h a i n mu id Cli 3pl (do) bhai neadar MC

bai n i m ni bhaineann
b a i n ea n n tu a n m b a i n ea n n ?
b a i n ea n n se/si g o m b a i n ea n n
ba i n i m i d n a c h m ba i n e a n n
b a i n ea n n s i b h
b a i n ea n n s i a d
baintear
1 p l bainea n n m u id CU 3pl b a i n i d (siad) M rel. a bhai neas

ba i n fi d h m e n i b h a i n fi d h
ba i n fi d h t u a n m b a i nfi d h ?
b a i nfi d h se/si go m ba i n fi d h
ba i n fi m i d n a c h m ba i n fi d h
b a i nfi d h s i b h
ba i n fi d h siad
bai nfear
1sg bai nfead , 2sg bainfir M bainfidh mu id CU rel. a bhai nfeas
24
VERB TABLES
g bai n c u t, wi n bai nt bai nte

a n modh coi n n iol lach the co n d itional mood
b h a i nfi n n n f b h a i nfeadh
b h a i nfea a n m ba i nfea d h ?
b h a i nfead h se/sf g o m ba i nfead h
b h a i nfi m i s nach m ba i nfead h
b h a i nfead h s i b h
b h a i n fi d fs
b h a i nff
ipl bhai nfead h m u i d C 3pl bhai nfea d h siad U

b ha i n i n n n f b h a i n ea d h
b h a i ntea a n m ba i nead h ?
b h a i neadh se/sf g o m ba i neadh
bhainimis nach m ba i nead h
b h a i neadh s i b h
b h a i n i d fs
b h a i ntf
ipl bhaineadh mu id C, 3pl bhaineadh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m baint etc. U

bai n i m g o m ba i n e m e
bain g o m ba i n e tu
ba i n ead h se/sf g o m b a i n e se/sf
bai n i m i s go m ba i n i m id
ba i n ig f go m ba i n e s i b h
bai n id fs g o m ba i n e siad
baintear g o m ba i ntear
n a ba i n nar b h a i n e
3pl baineadh siad U i p l g o m b a i n e m u id C U
25
VERB TABLES
l o beannaigh b l ess beannu beannaithe

b h ea n n a igh m e n for b h e a n naigh
b h ea n n a i g h tu ar b h ea n n a igh?
bhea n n a igh se/sf g ur b h ea n n a i g h
bhean nafomar n a r b h ea n na i g h
bhean naigh s i b h n for bea n nafo d h
b h ea n n a i g h siad ar bea n naio d h ?
bea n nafod h gur/nar bea n nafo d h
1sg (do) bhea n n aios , 2sg (do) bhean nais. 2pl (do) bheannafo bhai r M
1pl bheannaigh mu id U C 3pl bhean naiodar MC

bea n n afm n f b h e a n n a fo n n
bea n naio n n tu a n m be a n n a fo n n ?
bea n nafo n n se/sf g o m bean nafo n n
bea n nafm i d n a c h m bean nafo n n
bea n nafo n n s i b h
I bea n nafo n n siad

bea n naftear
1pl bea n naio n n m u i d C 3pl bea n naid (siad) M

bea n n a i m , bea n n a n n se/m u i d U rel. a bhea n naios
an a i m s i r fhaisti neach the fut u re tense

bea n n 6 i d h m e n f b h ea n n 6 i d h
bea n n 6 i d h tu a n m bea n n 6 i d h ?
bea n n 6 i d h se/sf g o m bea n n 6 i d h
bea n n 6 i m i d n a c h m bea n n 6 i d h
bea n n 6 i d h s i b h
bea n n 6 i d h s i a d bea n n 6 c h a i d h u
bea n n 6far
1sg bea n n 6 d , 2sg bea n n 6i r M 1pl bea n n 6 i d h mu id C

bea n n6chaidh me/mu id etc. u rel. a bhea n n6s/a bhea n n 6chas
26
VERB TABLES
io beannaigh b l ess beannu beannaithe

b h ea n n 6 i n n n f b h ea n n 6 d h
bhean n6fa a n m b ea n n 6d h ?
b h ea n n6 d h se/sf g o m b ea n n6d h
b h ea n n 6 i m i s nach m bea n n 6 d h
b h ea n n 6 d h s i b h
bhea n n 6 i d fs b h ea n n6chad h u
b h ea n n 6faf
1sg bheann6cha i n n , 3sg bheann6chadh se/s ia d etc. u

1pl bheann6dh mu id C

bhean nafnn n f bhean nafod h
b h ea n naftea an m bean nafod h ?
bhean nafod h se/sf g o m bea n nafo d h
bheannafmis nach m bea n nafo d h
bhean nafo d h s i b h
bhean nafd fs
bhean naftf
1 p l bhean naiod h m u id C 3pl bhean naiod h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m bea n n u etc. u

bea n nafm go m be a n n a f m e
bea n n a i g h g o m bea n na f t u
bea n nafo d h se/sf g o m bea n n a f se/sf
bea n nafm i s go m beannafmid
bea n nafgf g o m bean naf sibh
bea n n afdfs g o m be a n n a f siad
bea n naftear g o m be a n n a ftear
na bea n n a i g h nar bhean naf
3pl bea n naiod h s i a d U 1pl g o m beannai m u id CU
27
VERB TABLES
11 bei r bea r breith bei rthe

rug m e n�r rug
rug tu a r rug ?
rug se/sf g u r rug
ruga m a r n a r rug
rug s i b h n f o r rugad h
ru� g�s_ia_d ______ ___
_ a r rugad h ?
_ _
ru g a d h g u r/nar rugad h
1sg (do) rugas, 2sg (do) rugais, 2p/ (do) rugabhai r M

1p/ rug mu id CU 3p/ (do) ru gadar MC bhei r= rug dial., ri ug M

beirim n f b h e i rea n n
b e i rea n n tu a n m be i rea n n ?
beirea n n se/sf g o m be i rea n n
b e i ri m i d nach m be i rea n n
b e i rea n n s i b h
beirea n n siad
bei rtea r
1p/ bei rean n m u i d CU 3p/ beirid (siad) M re/. a bheireas
a n a i m s i r fhaistineach the fut u re tense

bearfa i d h m e n f bhearfa i d h
bearfa i d h tu a n m bearfa i d h ?
bearfa i d h se/sf g o m bearfa i d h
bearfa i m i d n a c h m bearfa i d h
bearfa i d h s i b h
bearfa i d h s i a d
bearfa r
1sg bearfad, 2sg bearfair M bearfaid h m u id c u rel. a bhearfas
28
VERB TABLES
11 beir bea r breith bei rthe

an mod h coi n n iol lach t h e conditional mood
b h earfai n n n f b h earfad h
b hearfa an m bearfad h ?
b hearfad h se/sf g o m bearfad h
b hearfai m i s nach m bearfad h
b hearfad h s i b h
bh earfaidfs
b hearfaf
ipl bhearfad h mu id C 3pl bhearfad h siad u

bheiri n n n f b h e iread h
bheirtea an m beiread h ?
b h eiread h se/sf g o m beiread h
bheiri m i s nach m beiread h
bheiread h s i b h
bheiridfs
bheirtf
ipl bheiread h mu id c b h e i read h siad, Ba g h nach l i o m breith U
a n mod h o rdaitheach an fos h u iteach laith reach

beiri m g o m beire m e
beir g o m b eire tu
beiread h se/sf go m beire se/sf
beiri m i s g o m beiri m i d
beiri g f g o m beire s i b h
beiri d fs go m beire siad
beirtear go m beirtear
na beir nar bheire
3pl bei read h siad U ipl go m b e i re m u i d CU
29
VERB TABLES
1 2 bf be bheith
an a i m s i r chaite the past tense
bhf me n f rai b h
b h f tu an rai b h ?
b h f se/sf go rai b h
b h fomar nach rai bh
bhf sibh n f rabhthas
bhf siad
��
an rab hthas?
b h fothas g o/nach rab hthas
isg (do) b h fos. 2sg (do) bhfs. 2p/ (do) bhfobhair M

ipl bhf mu id CU 3p/ (do) b h fodar MCaut. bhfthear/rabhthar U

ta m e/ta i m ata m e/ata i m
t a tu ata tu
ta se/sf ata se/sf
ta i m i d ata i m i d
ta s i b h ata s i b h
t a siad ata siad
tathar atathar
ipl (a)ta m u i d cu 3p/ (a)taid (siad) M

rel. ath a. also indep. tha M 2sg (a)taoi var. ta n n t u. ta n n se etc. M
n fl m e/nfl i m go bhfu i l m e/ nac h bhfu i l m e/

go bhfu i l i m nach bhfu i l i m
nfl tu g o bhfu i l t u nach bhfu i l tu
nfl se/sf g o bhfu i l se/sf nach bhfu i l se/sf
n fl i m i d go bhfu i l i m i d nach bhfu i l i m i d
nfl sibh g o bhfu i l s i b h nach bhfu i l s i b h
n fl siad g o bhfu i l siad nach bhfu i l siad
nfltear go b hfu i ltear nach bhfui ltear
ip/ nfl m u id, g o/nach bhfu i l mu id UCaut. nflthear. bhfu i lthear U
30
VERB TABLES
1 2 bi b e bheith
a n a i m s i r g h nat h laith reach the ha bitual present tense
bfm n f b h fo n n
bfo n n tu a n m b fo n n ?
bfo n n se/sf g o m bfo n n
bf m i d n a c h m bfo n n
bfo n n s i b h
bfo n n siad
bftear
1pl bio n n m u id C U 3pl bid (siad) M rel. a b h ios - a bias U , a bhionns C

beidh me nf bheidh
beid h tu a n m beid h ?
beid h se/sf g o m be i d h
bei m i d n a c h m be i d h
beid h s i b h
b e i d h siad
be ifear
1sg bea d , 2sg beir, beifi r M bei d h m u id CU rel. a bheas
an mod h coi n niol lach the co n d itional mood

b h ei n n n f b h ead h
b h eifea an m bead h ?
bheadh se/sf g o m bead h
bheimis nach m bead h
b head h s i b h
b h e i d fs
b h e iff
1pl bhead h mu id C 3pl bhead h siad U
31
VERB TABLES
1 2 bf be bheith
a n a i m s i r g h nath chaite the i m perfect tense
bhinn n i b h io d h
bhitea a n m biod h ?
b h io d h se/si g o m biod h
bhimis nach m biod h
bhiod h s i b h
b h id is
bhiti
1pl bhfodh m u id C 3pl bhfo d h siad, B a g h nach l i o m (a) bheith U

bim go ra i b h m e g o m bi m e
bi g o ra i b h tu g o m bi tu
bio d h se/si g o ra i b h se/si g o m bi se/si
bi m i s go ra b h a i m i d g o m bi m i d
big i g o ra i b h s i b h go mbi sibh
bi d is g o ra i b h s i a d g o m bi siad
bitear g o ra bhthar g o m bitear
na bi na rai b h n a r b h itear
3pl bfod h siad U 1pl g o rai b h mu i d g o mbf mu i d CU
32
VERB TABLES
13 is an chopail the copula
An struc htur: Is bcid6ire. ' H e i s a boatma n :

I s bad6ir me. N i bad 6 i r e .
I s bad6irth u . (Ch a n bad6ire. u)
I s bad6ire. An b a d 6 i r e ? l s ea .
I s bad6irf. N f hea.
I s bad6irf s i n n . Deirse g u r bad6 i r e .
I s bad6irf s i b h . D e i r s e nach bad 6ire.
I s bad6irf iad .
Nf h e , nf hf. nf hea. nf hi a d . Nf hailtire e or Nf a i l tire e .

Dei r se g u rb e/fjea/iad . 1p/ I s bad 6 i rf m u id U C
a n a i m s i r chaite=a n m o d h coi n n iol lach

the past tense=the conditional mood
a n aimsir chaite the past tense

Ba bhad6ir m e . N for bhad6ir e.
Ba bhad 6irth u . (Char bhad6ire. u)
B a bhad6ire. Ar bhad6ire? B'ea .
Ba b h a d 6 irf. N forb h e a .
Ba b h a d 6irf s i n n . Deir se g ur b h.3.d6ir e .
Ba b h a d 6irf s i b h . Deirse n a r bhad6ire.
Ba bhad6 irf iad .
1 p l Ba bhad6iri m u id UC Ba d hochtu i r, shagart, th6galai e . CO= Ba dochtu i r/saga rt/

t6galai e. CU Aspi rate bcfgmp but not dts

B'a i l tire m e . N forbh a i ltire e.
B'a i ltire th u . (Charb h a i ltire e . U)
B'a i l tire e . Arbh a i ltire e? B'ea .
B'a i l tire f. N forb h ea.
B'a i ltirf si n n . . . . m u i d . Deirse g urbh a i ltire e.
B'a i ltirf s i b h . Deirse narbh a i l tire e .
B'a i l tirf i a d . B'fhea l sa m h e . etc.
33
VERB TABLES
Bcid6ir atci ann. ' H e is a boatman.'

Bad 6ir ata io n a m . N i bad 6ir ata a n n .
Bad 6ir ata io nat. (Ch a n bad 6ir ata a n n . U )
Bad 6ir ata a n n . An bad 6ir ata a n n ?
Bad 6ir ata inti. I s ea./Ni h e a .
Bad 6irf ata ionain n . Deirse g u r bad 6ir a t a a n n
Bad 6irf ata io naib h . Deirse nach b . a t a a n n .
Bad 6iri ata io n t u .
Bad6ir is eae. ' H e i s a boatman.'

Bad 6iris ea m e . N i bad 6ir is ea e.
Bad 6iris ea t h u . An bad6ir is ea e?
Bad6iris ea e . I s ea ./Ni hea.
Bad6iri s ea i . Deirse g u r bad6iris ea e .
Bad6iri i s e a sin n . Deirse nach bad 6iri s ea e .
Bad 6iri is e a sib h .
Bad6iri i s e a iad .
T a se ina bhcid6ir. ' H e i s a boatman:

Ta m e i mo bhad 6ir. N f l se ina bhad 6ir.
ra tu i d o bhad 6ir. C h a n fhuil se ina bhad6ir. U
Ta se ina b h a d6ir. An b hfuil se ina bhad 6ir?
ra sf ina bad6ir. Ta ./Nil .
Ta.imid inar m bad 6iri. Deirse go b hfuil se ina bhad 6ir
Ta sib h in b h u r m bad 6iri. Deirse nach bhfuil se ina b h a d 6ir
Ta siad ina m bad 6iri.
34
VERB TABLES
Bad6ir a bhf ann. ' H e was a boatman .'

Bad6ir a b h f ionam . N f bad6ir a b h f an n .
Bad6ir a b h f io nat. (Chan bad6ir a b h f an n . U )
Bad6ir a bhi an n . A n bad6ir a b h f a n n ?
Bad6ir a b h f i nti . I s ea/ N f hea.
Bad6irf a bhf ionai n n . Deir se g ur bad6ir a bhf an n .
Bad6irf a b h f i o n ai b h . Deir s e n ac h b . a bhf an n .
Bad6 irf a b h f iontu . Alt. N ior b h a d 6 ir a b h f an n . etc .
Bad6ir ab eae. ' H e was a boatman .'

Bad6ir ab ea m e . N i bad6ir ab ea e.
Bad6ir ab e a t h u . An bad6ir ab ea e?
Bad6ir a b e a e . I s ea/ N i hea.
B a d 6 i rab e a f. Deirse g ur bad6irab ea e.
Bad6 irf ab ea si n n . Deirse nach bad6irab ea e .
Bad6irf a b e a s i b h .
Bad6irf a b e a iad . Alt. N ior bhad6ir ab e a e . etc.
Bhf se ina bh6d6ir. ' H e was a boatman .'

B h f m e i m o b h a d 6ir. N f rai b h se ina b h a d 6ir.
B h f tu i do b h a d 6ir. (Cha rai b h se i na b h . U)
B h f se i n a bhad6ir. An rai b h se ina b h a d 6ir?
B h f sf i n a bad6ir. Bhf./Nf rai b h .
B h fo m ar/B h f m u id i nar m bad6irf. Deir se go rai b h se i n a bhad6ir
Bhf sibh i n b h ur m bad6 irf. Deirse nach rai b h se i na bhad6ir
Bhf siad ina m ba d 6irf.
35
VERB TABLES
14 bog m ove bogad h bogtha

bhog me n for b h o g
bhog tu arbhog?
bhog se/sf g ur b h o g
b h o g a m ar narbhog
bhog s i b h n for boga d h
b h o g siad arbogad h ?
I bogad h g ur/nar bogad h
:1 isg (do) bhogas, 2sg (do) bhogais, 2pl (do) bhogabhair M

ipl bhog m u id CU 3pl (do) bhogadar MC

bog a i m n f b h og a n n
boga n n tu a n m bo g a n n ?
boga n n se/sf g o m bo g a n n
boga i m i d n a c h m bo g a n n
bog a n n s i b h
bog a n n siad
bog tar
i p l bog a n n m u id CU 3pl bogaid (siad) M rel. a bhogas

bogfa i d h m e n f b h ogfa i d h
bogfa id h tu a n m bogfa i d h ?
bogfa i d h se/sf go m bogfa i d h
bogfa i m i d n a c h m bogfa i d h
bogfa i d h s i b h
bogfa i d h siad
bogfa r
1sg bogfa d , 2sg bogfa i r M bogfa i d h m u id CU rel. a b hogfas
36
VERB TABLES
14 bog m ove bogad h bogtha

bhogfa i n n n f b h ogfa d h
b h ogfa a n m bogfad h ?
b h ogfa d h se/sf g o m bogfa d h
bhogfa i m i s nach m bogfa d h
b hogfa d h s i b h
b hogfa i d is
b hogfaf
i p l bhogfa d h m u id C 3p/ bhogfad h s i a d U
an a i m si r g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect tense

b h og a i n n n i bhogad h
bhogta a n m bogad h ?
bhogad h se/si g o m bo g a d h
b h o ga i m i s nach m bo g a d h
b h ogad h s i b h
b h o g a i d fs
bhogtaf
i p l b h o g a d h m u id C 3p/ bhogadh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m bogad h etc. u
a n mod h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laithreach

bog a i m g o m boga me
bog g o m boga tu
bogadh se/si go m boga se/sf
boga i m i s go m bogai m i d
bogaigf g o m boga s i b h
bogaidfs g o m boga siad
bogtar g o m bogtar
n a bog narbhoga
3pl bogad h siad U ipl g o m boga m u id CU
37
VERB TABLES
1 5 bris b rea k brisead h briste

bhri s m e n for bhri s
bhris tu ar b hri s ?
bhris se/sf g ur bhri s
bhrisea m ar narb hri s
bhris s i b h n for brisea d h
bhris s i a d
��
a r brisea d h ?
brisead h g u r/nar bri sead h
isg (do) b h riseas. 2sg (do) b h risis. 2p/ (do) b h risea b h a i r M

i pl b h ris mu id CU 3p/ (do) b h riseadar MC

bri s i m n f bhrisea n n
brisea n n t u a n m bri sea n n ?
brisea n n se/sf g o m bri sea n n
bri s i m i d nach m brisea n n
brisea n n s i b h
brisea n n siad
bri stear
ipl brisea n n m u i d CU 3p/ bri s i d (siad) M rel. a b h riseas

bri sfi d h m e n f bhri sfi d h
bri sfi d h t u a n m bri sfi d h ?
bri sfi d h se/sf go m brisfi d h
brisfi m i d n a c h m bri sfi d h
bri sfi d h s i b h
bri sfi d h siad
bri sfear
isg brisfead , 2sg brisfi r M brisfi d h mu id CU rel. a b h ri sfeas
38
VERB TABLES
i s bris b rea k brisead h briste

an mod h coin niol lach the co n d itional mood
bhrisfi n n n f bhrisfead h
bhrisfea a n m bri sfead h ?
bhrisfead h se g o m bri sfead h
bhri sfi m i s nach m bri sfead h
bhri sfead h s i b h
bhrisfidfs
bhri sff
1p/ bhri sfead h m u i d C 3pl bhri sfead h siad u

bhri s i n n n f b h risead h
bhri stea a n m bri sea d h ?
bhrisea d h se/sf g o m bri sead h
bhri s i m i s nach m bri sea d h
bhrisea d h s i b h
bhri s i d fs
bhri stf
1p/ b h riseadh m u id C 3pl bh risea d h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m brisea d h u

brisim g o m bri se m e
bris g o m brise tu
b risead h se/sf g o m bri se se/sf
bris i m i s go m bri s i m i d
bri s i g f g o m b rise s i b h
bri s i d fs g o m brise s i a d
bristea r g o m b ri stear
na bri s n a r bhrise
3 p l brisea d h s i a d U 1p/ g o m b rise m u id CU
39
VERB TABLES
1 6 bru i g h p re s s . p u s h bru bru ite

b hru igh me n ior bhru igh
b hru igh tu ar bhru igh ?
b hru igh se/si gur bhru igh
bhru mar nar b hru igh
b hru igh s i b h n ior bru d h
b h ru ig h s ia d ar bru d h ?
___��__________
_
bru d h gur/nar bru d h
1sg (do) bhrus, 2sg (do) bhruis, 2pl (do) bhrubhair M

1pl b h r u i g h mu id cu 3pl (do) bhrudar MC
a n a i m s i r laithreach the p resent tense

bru i m n i bhru n n
bru n n tu a n m bru n n ?
bru n n se/si g o m bru n n
bru i m id nach m bru n n
bru n n s i b h
bru n n siad
bru itear
1pl b ru n n m u id cu 3pl bruid (siad) M rel. a b h rus

brufa i d h m e n i bhrufa i d h
brufa i d h tu a n m brufa i d h ?
brufa i d h se/si g o m brufa i d h
brufa i m i d nach m brufa i d h
brufa i d h s i b h
brufa i d h siad
brufar
1sg brufa d , 2sg brufa i r M brufa i d h m u i d c u rel. a b h rufas
40
VERB TABLES
i 6 bru i g h p ress, p u s h bru bru ite

a n mod h coi n n iol lach the co n d itional mood
b h rufa i n n n i b h rufa d h
b h rufa a n m b rufa d h ?
bh rufa d h se/si g o m b rufa d h
bh rufa i m i s nach m b rufa d h
bh rufa d h s i b h
bh rufa i d is
b h rufai
1 p l bh rufa d h m u id C 3p/ bh rufa d h s i a d u

b h ru i n n n i b h rud h
b h ru itea a n m b rud h ?
b h ru d h se/si g o m b ru d h
bhruimis n a c h m b ru d h
b h ru d h s i b h
b h ruidis
b h ru iti
1pl bhrudh m u id c . 3pl b h r u d h siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m bru etc. u
an modh o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

b ru i m g o m bru m e
b ru i g h g o m b ru tu
b ru d h se/si g o m bru se/si
b ru i m i s g o m b ru i m i d
bruigi g o m b ru s i b h
b r u i d is g o m b r u siad
bru itea r g o m b ru itea r
na b ru i g h n a r b h ru
3pl brud h siad u 1pl go m b ru mu id cu
41
VERB TABLES
17 cai l l l o s e cai l l ead h cai l lte

a n aimsir chaite the past tense
chail l me n io r c ha i l l
chai l l t u ar chail l ?
c h a i l l se/si g u r chail l
c h a i l l ea m a r narchaill
chai l l sibh n io r cai l lead h
c h a i l l siad
��
a r c a i l lead h ?
ca i l l ead h g u r/na r ca i l l ead h
1sg (do) chail leas, 2sg (d o) cha i l l i s , 2pl (do) c h a i l leabhair M

1pl cha i l l m u id CU JPI (do) chai l l eadar MC

cai l l i m ni c h a i l l ea n n
ca i l l ea n n tu a n g ca i l l ea n n ?
ca i l l ea n n se/si g o gcai l l e a n n
cai l l i m i d n a c h gcai l l ea n n
ca i l l ea n n s i b h
cai l l ea n n siad
ca i l ltea r
1pl cai l l e a n n m u i d CU 3pl cai l l i d (siad) M rel. a c h a i l l eas

ca i l lfi d h m e n i c h a i l l fi d h
ca i l lfi d h t u a n g ca i l l fi d h ?
ca i l lfi d h se/si go g ca i l lfi d h
cai l lfi m i d n a c h g c a i l lfi d h
ca i l lfi d h s i b h
ca i l lfi d h siad
ca i l lfear
1sg cail lfead , 2sg ca i l l fi r M c a i l l fi d h m u i d CU rel. a c h a i l lfeas
42
VERB TABLES
17 cai l l l o se cai l lead h cai l lte

an modh coi n niol lach the conditional mood
chai l l fi n n n f chail lfead h
chail lfea an g cai l lfead h ?
chai l lfead h se/sf g o g cai l lfead h
chai l lfi m i s nach g cai l lfead h
chai l lfead h s i b h
chai l lfi d fs
chail lff
1pl chai l lfead h mu id C3pl chai l lfead h siad U

chai l l i n n n f chail l ead h
chail ltea an g cai l l ead h ?
chai l l ead h se/sf g o g cai l l ead h
c h ai l l i m i s nach g cai l l ead h
chail l ead h s i b h
c h ai l l i d fs
chail ltf
1pl chai l l ead h mu id C3pl chai l l ead h siad U

Ba g h nach liom cai l lead h/cai l l i u i nt. u
a n modh o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laithreach

cai l l i m g o gcai l l e m e
ca i l l g o gcai l l e tu
cai l l ead h se/sf g o gcai l l e se/sf
cai l l i m i s go g cai l l i m i d
cai l l i g f g o g cai l l e s i b h
cai l l i d fs g o g cai l l e siad
cai l l tear g o g cai l l tear
na cai l l narchai l l e
3pl cai l l ead h siad u 1pl go gcai l le m u id C U
43
VERB TABLES
1 8 caith s p e n d , wea r caithea m h caite

a n aimsir ch aite the past tense
chaith me n forcha ith
chaith tu arc h a i t h ?
chaith se/sf g urchaith
c haitheamar narchaith
chaith s i b h n for caithead h
chaith siad arcaithea d h ?
caithea d h g u r/nar caithead h
1sg (do) chaitheas, 2sg (do) chaithis, 2p/ (do) chaithea b h a i r M

1pl chaith m u id CU 3p/ (do) chaitheadar MC
a n a i m s i r laith reach t h e present tense

caith i m n f chaithean n
caithea n n tu a n gcaithea n n ?
caithea n n se/sf go gcaithea n n
caith i m i d n a c h gcaithea n n
caithea n n s i b h
caithea n n siad
caitear
1pl caithea n n mu id CU 3p/ caithid (siad) M re/. a chaitheas

caithfi d h m e nf chaithfid h
caithfi d h t u a n g caithfi d h ?
caithfi d h se/sf g o gcaithfi d h
caithfi m i d nach gcaithfi d h
caithfi d h s i b h
caithfi d h s i a d
caithfea r
1sg caithfea d , 2sg caithfi r M caithfi d h m u id C U rel. a cha ithfeas
44
VERB TABLES
1 8 caith s p e n d , wea r caithea m h caite

an modh coi n n iol lach the cond ition a l mood
ch aithfi n n n f chaithfead h
chaithfea a n gcaithfead h ?
c h a ithfea d h se/sf g o g caithfead h
c h a ithfi m i s n a c h gca ithfead h
c h a ithfea d h s i b h
c h aith fi d fs
c h aithff
1pl chaithfead h mu id C3pl chaithfead h siad U

c h a i th i n n n f c h a ithead h
c h aitea a n gcaithead h ?
chaithea d h se/sf g o gcaithea d h
c h a ith i m i s n a c h gcaithea d h
c h a ithead h s i b h
c h a ith i d fs
cha itf
1pl chaitheadh m u id C3pl chaithead h siad U

Ba g h nach l io m caitheamh u

caith i m g o g ca ithe m e
caith g o gcaithe t u
caithea d h se/sf g o gcaithe se/sf
caith i m i s go gcaith i m i d
caith i g f g o gcaithe s i b h
caith i d fs g o gcaithe siad
caitear g o gcaitea r
n a caith n a r chaithe
3pl caitheadh siad U 1pl go g caithe m u id CU
45
VERB TABLES
1 9 cas twi st, t u rn casa d h casta

chas m e n fo r chas
chas tu a r chas?
chas se/sf g u r chas
chasa m a r nar chas
chas s i b h nfor casad h
chas siad a r casad h ?
casa d h g u r/na r casad h
isg (do) chasas, 2sg (do) chasais, 2pl (do) chasa b h a i r M

ipl chas m u i d CU 3pl (do) chasadar MC

casa i m nf chasa n n
casa n n tu a n g casa n n ?
casa n n se/sf g o gcasa n n
casa i m i d n a c h gcasa n n
casa n n s i b h
casa n n siad
casta r
ipl casa n n m u i d C U 3pl casaid (siad) M rel. a chasas

casfa i d h m e n f c hasfa i d h
casfa i d h t u a n g casfa i d h ?
casfa i d h se/sf g o g casfa i d h
casfa i m i d n a c h g casfa i d h
casfa i d h s i b h
casfa i d h siad
casfar
1sg casfa d , 2sg casfa i r M casfa i d h m u i d CU rel. a chasfas
46
VERB TABLES
19 cas twi st . t u rn casa d h casta

an m o d h coi n n io l lach the c o n d itional mood
c hasfa i n n n f chasfa d h
chasfa a n gcasfad h ?
c hasfa d h se/sf g o g casfa d h
c hasfa i m i s n a c h g casfa d h
chasfa d h s i b h
c hasfa i d fs
chasfaf
1pl chasfad h m u i d C 3pl chasfad h s i a d U
an a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect tense

chasa i n n n f chasa d h
c hasta a n gcasad h ?
c h asad h se/sf g o gcasad h
chasa i m i s nach gcasad h
c h asad h s i b h
chasaidfs
c h a staf
1pl chasadh mu id C 3pl chasad h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m casa d h etc. U

casa i m g o g casa m e
cas g o g casa tu
casad h se/sf g o gcasa se/sf
casai m i s g o gcasa i m i d
casa i g f g o g casa s i b h
casa i d fs g o gcasa siad
castar g o g castar
na cas n a r c hasa
3pl casa d h siad U 1pl g o g casa m u id CU
47
VERB TAB L E S
2 0 cea n g a i l t i e cea n g a l cea ngai lte

a n aimsir chaite t h e past tense
c h e a n g a i l me nfor c h ea n g a i l
cheangai l tu a r c h ea n g a i l ?
c h ea n g a i l se/sf g u r c h ea n g a i l
cheang lafo m a r n a r c h ea n g a i l
c h ea n g a i l s i b h n fo r cea n g lafod h
c h ea n g a i l siad a r cea n g lafod h ?
cea n g l afod h g u r/nar cea n g lafod h
isg (do) chea n g lafos, 2sg (do) cheang lafs , 2pl (do) cheanglaiobhair M
ipl chean g a i l m u id U C 3pl cheang laioda r MC
a n aimsir laithreach the p resent ten se

cea n g l afm n f c h e a n g lafo n n
cea n g lafo n n tu a n gcea n g lafo n n ?
cea n g lafo n n se/sf g o gcea n g lafo n n
cea n g lafmid n a c h gcea n g lafo n n
cea n g lafo n n sibh
cea n g lafo n n siad
cea n g laftea r
ipl cea n g laio n n m u id C 3pl cea n g laid (siad) M ceang l a i m , cea n g l a n n s e , m u i d etc. U rel.
a cheanglaios/a chea n g las
a n aimsir fhaisti neach the fut u re tense

cea n g l 6 i d h m e n f c h ea n g l 6 i d h
cea n g l 6 i d h tu a n gcea n g l 6 i d h ?
cea n g l 6 i d h se/sf g o gcea n g l 6 i d h
cea n g l 6 i m i d n a c h g cea n g l 6 i d h
cea n g l 6 i d h s i b h
cea n g l 6 i d h siad cea n g l 6 c h a i d h U
cea n g l 6fa r
isg cea n g l 6 d , 2sg cea n g l 6 i r M cea n g l 6chaidh me/mu id etc. u

ipl cea n g l 6 i d h mu id C rel . a chea n g l6s/a chea n g l 6chas
48
VERB TABLES
20 cea n g a i l t i e cea n g a l cea ngai lte

an modh coi n n fol lach the conditional mood
chea n g l 6 i n n n f chea n g l 6d h
chea n g l 6fa a n gcea n g l 6 d h ?
c h ea n g l 6 d h se/sf g o gcea n g l 6 d h
cheang l 6 i m i s n a c h gcea n g l 6 d h
c h ea n g l 6 d h s i b h
c h ea n g l 6i d fs c h ea n g l6chad h u
chea n g l 6faf
1sg cheangl6cha i n n , 3sg chea n g l6chadh se. siad etc. u

1pl cheang l6d h mu id C

c h ea n g lafnn n f c h ea n g l afod h
c h ea n g laftea a n gceang lafod h ?
c h ea n g l afo d h se/sf g o gceang l afod h
cheang lafm i s nach gceang lafod h
cheang lafod h s i b h
chea n g l afd fs
c h ea n g l aftf
1pl cheang lafod h mu id C 3pl cheang lafodh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m cea n g a l etc. U

cea n g lafm go gcea n g laf me
cea n g a i l go gcea n g laf tu
cea n g lafod h se/sf g o gcea n g laf se/sf
cea n g lafm i s go gcea n g lafm i d
cea n g lafgf g o gcea n g laf s i b h
cea n g lafd fs g o gcea n g laf s i a d
cea n g laftear g o gcea n g laftear
na cea n g a i l narchea n g l a f
3pl cea n g lafod h s i a d U 1pl g o gcea n g l a f m u i d CU
49
VERB TABLES
21 cea n naig h b u y cea n nach cean naithe

c h ea n n a i g h m e n ior c h ea n n a i g h
c h ea n n a i g h t u ar c h ea n n a i g h ?
c h ea n n a i g h se/si g ur c h e a n n a i g h
chean naiomar narchea n naig h
c h ea n n a i g h s i b h n iorcea n naiod h
chean naig h s i a d arcea n n aiod h ?
cea n n aiod h g u r/narcea n naiod h
1sg (do) chean naios . 2sg (do) chean nais. 2p/ (do) chean naio b h a i r M
1p/ chea n n a i g h m u id U C 3pl chean naioda r MC
a n aimsir laith reach the present tense

cea n naim n i c h ea n n a io n n
cea n n a io n n tu a n gcea n n a io n n ?
cea n n a io n n se/si g o gcea n naio n n
cean naimid nach gcea n n a io n n
cea n naio n n sibh
cea n naio n n siad
cea n naitear
1pl cea n naio n n m u i d C 3pl cea n n a id (siad) M

cea n n a i m . cea n n a n n se/m u i d U rel. a chean naios

cea n n6i d h m e n i c h e a n n6id h
cea n n6i d h tu a n gcea n n 6i d h ?
cea n n 6 i d h se/si g o gcean n6id h
cea n n6i m i d nach gcea n n 6 i d h
cea n n6i d h s i b h
cea n n6i d h siad cea n n6c h a i d h U
cea n n 6far
1sg cea n n 6 d , 2sg cea n n6 i r M 1pl cea n n 6 i d h m u id C

cea n n6chaidh m e/m u id etc. u rel. a chea n n6s/a chean n6chas
50
VERB TABLES
21 cea n naigh b u y cea n nach cean naithe

an m o d h coi n niol lach the conditional mood
c h ea n n 6 i n n n f c h ea n n6d h
c h ea n n 6fa an gcea n n 6d h ?
c h ea n n 6 d h se/sf g o gcea n n 6 d h
c h ea n n 6 i m i s n a c h gcea n n 6 d h
c h ea n n 6 d h s i b h
c h ea n n 6 i d fs c h ea n n 6 c h a d h U
c h e a n n 6faf
1sg chean n6cha i n n , 3sg chean n6chad h se/siad etc. u

1pl chea n n 6 d h mu id C
an a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m perfect ten se

cheannafnn n f chean nafod h
c h ea n naftea a n gcea n nafod h ?
chean nafod h se/sf g o gcea n n afod h
c h e a n n a fm i s nach gcea n nafod h
chean nafod h s i b h
chean nafdfs
chean naftf
1pl chean nafod h mu id C 3pl chean nafod h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m cea n nacht etc. U

the i m pe rative m ood the p resent s u bj u n ctive
cea n n afm go gceannaf m e
cea n n a i g h g o gceannaf tu
cea n nafod h se/sf g o gceannaf se/sf
cea n nafmis go gcean nafm i d
cea n nafgf g o gceannaf s i b h
cea n nafdfs g o gcea n naf siad
cea n naftear g o gceannaftear
na cea n n a i g h nar c h e a n n a f
3pl cean na fod h siad U 1 p l g o gcea n naf m u id CU
51
VERB TABLES
22 cloig h d efeat cloi cloite

c h l o fg h m e n for c h l ofg h
c h l o fg h tu ar c h l o fg h ?
c h l ofg h se/sf g ur c h l ofg h
c h l ofomar narch l ofg h
c h lofg h sib h n forcl ofo d h
c__h l_o�fg_h_s_
ia_
_d
________ arclofod h ?
c l o fod h g u r/nar c l o fo d h
isg (do) c h l ofos, 2sg (do) c h l ofs, 2pl (do) c h l ofob h a i r M

ipl c h l ofg h mu id CU 3pl (do) c h l ofoda r MC

clofm n f c h l o fo n n
clofo n n tu a n g c l o fo n n ?
c l o fo n n se/sf g o g c l o fo n n
c l o fmid nach g c l ofon n
clofo n n sibh
clofo n n siad
c l o ftear
ipl clofo n n m u i d C U 3pl c lofd (siad) M rel. a c h lofos

c l o ffi d h m e n f c h l o ffi d h
cloffi d h t u a n g c l o ffi d h ?
cloffi d h se/sf g o g c l offi d h
cloffi mid n a c h g c l o ffi d h
c l o ffi d h sibh
c l o ffi d h siad
cloffear
isg cloffead , 2sg c loffi r M cloffi d h m u id CU rel. a chloffeas
52
VERB TABLES
22 cloig h d efeat cloi cloite

c h l o ifi n n n i c h l oifeadh
c h l oifea a n g c l o ifead h ?
c h l oifead h se/si g o g c l o ifead h
c h l o ifi m i s nach g c l oifead h
c h l oifead h s i b h
c h loifi d is
c h l oifi
1pl c h loffeadh m u id C 3pl c h l o ffead h siad U
an a i m s i r g h n athchaite the i m pe rfect tense

c h loinn n i c h l oiod h
c h l o itea a n g c loiod h ?
c h l oiod h se/si g o g c l oio d h
c h loimis n a c h g c l oio d h
c h l o iod h sibh
c h loidis
c h l oiti
1 p l c h l ofod h m u i d C 3pl c h l ofod h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m clof etc. U
an modh o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

c l aim go gcloi me
cloig h g o g c l o i tu
c loiod h se/si g o gcloi se/si
clo imis g o g c l oimid
c l oigi go g c l o i s i b h
c l o id is g o g c l o i siad
c l oitear g o g c loitear
n a cloig h n a r c h l oi
3pl c lofo d h siad u 1pl g o gel of m u i d CU
53
VERB TABLES
23 clois h e a r CM cloisteai l cloiste

chuala me n for c h u a l a
c h ua l a tu arc h u a l a ?
chuala se/sf gurchuala
c h u a l a mar n a r c h ua l a
chuala sibh n for c h u a lathas
c h u a l a siad ar c h u a lathas?
c h ua lathas g ur/narc h ualathas
isg (do) c h u a l a(s), 2sg (do) chualais, 2pl (do) c h u a l a b h a i r M

1pl c h u a l a m u id CU 3pl (do) chualadar MC
n f chuala a n/g o/nach gcuala U d'a i ri g h &.. m hotha i g h 'heard' dial

cluinim cloisim
= n f c h l u i n ea n n
c l u i n ea n n t u a n g c l u i n ea n n ?
c l u i n ea n n se/sf g o g c l u i n ea n n
c l uin i m i d nach g c l uinea n n
c l uinea n n s i b h
c l u i n ea n n siad c l o i s ea n n MC
c l u i ntear = c l uinea n n U
1pl cloisea n n/c l u i neann m u id C U ; 3pl cloisid (siad) M

rel. a c h l u i neas/a c h loiseas
an a i m s i r fhaistineach the futu re tense

c l uinfi d h m e n f c h l u i nfi d h
c l u i nfi d h tu a n g c l u i n fi d h ?
c l uinfi d h se g o g c l uinfi d h
c l uinfi m i d n a c h g c l uinfi d h
c l uinfi d h s i b h
c l u i nfi d h s i a d c l o i sfi d h M C
c l u i nfear = c l u i nfi d h U
isg cloisfea d , 2sg cloisfi r M

cl oisfi d h/c l u i n fi d h mu id CU rel. a c h l o i sfeas/a c h l u i nfeas
54
VERB TABLES
23 c l u i n h e a r U c l u i n sti n c l u i nte
an modh coin niol lach the conditional mood
c h l u i n fi n n n f c h l uinfead h
ch h..i i nfea an g c l u i nfea d h ?
c h l u i nfead h se/sf g o g c l u i nfead h
c h l u i nfi m is nach g c l u i nfead h
c h l u i nfead h s i b h
c h l u i nfi d fs c h l o i sfead h M C
c h l u i nff = c h l u i nfead h U
1pl c h l o i sfea d h mu id C, 3pl c h l u i nfead h siad U

chluininn n f c h l u i nead h
c h l u i ntea a n g c l uinead h ?
c h l u i nead h se/sf g o g c l u i neadh
chluinimis nach g c l u i nead h
c h l uinead h s i b h
c h l uinid fs c h loisea d h MC
c h l u i ntf = c h l u i n ead h U
1pl c h l oisea d h mu id C
3pl c h l u i neadh siad, Ba g h nach l i o m c l u i n stean. U
an m od h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

cluinim = cloisim g o g c l u i n e m e = g c l oise
c l uin c l ois
= g o g c l uine tu
c l u i nead h se/sf = c l o i sead h g o g c l uine se/sf
c l u i ni m i s c l o i s i m i s
= go g c l uin i m i d
cluinigf = cloisigf go gcluine sibh
c l u i nead h s i a d = c l o i s i d fs g o g c l uine siad
c l u i ntear = c l o i stear g o g c l u i ntear = g c l o i stear
na c l u i n = na c l o i s nar c h l u i n e nar c h loise
=
3 p l c l u i nead h siad U 1 p l g o gcloise/g c l u i n e m u i d CU
55
VERB TABLES
24 codail s l e e p cod lad h coda lta

chodail m e n for c h o d a i l
chodai l tu archoda i l ?
c h o d a i l se/sf g urchoda i l
chod lafomar narchoda i l
chodail sibh n forcod l afod h
c h o d a i l siad
��
arcod l afod h ?
cod lafod h g ur/narcod lafo d h
isg (do) chod laios, 2sg (do) chod lais, 2pl (do) chodlaiobha i r M
ipl chodail m u id U C 3pl chod laiodar MC var. chod l a i g h U
a n a i m s i r laithreach the present tense

cod lafm n f chod lafo n n
codlafo n n tu a n gcodlafo n n ?
cod lafo n n se/sf g o gcodlafo n n
codlafmid n a c h gcod l a fo n n
codlafo n n sibh
codlafo n n siad
codlaftear
i p l cod laio n n m u id C 3pl cod laid (siad) M

cod l a i m , cod l a n n se, mu id etc. U rel. a chodlaios/a chodlas

cod l 6 i d h m e n f chod l 6 i d h
cod l 6 i d h tu a n gcod l 6 i d h ?
cod l 6 i d h se/sf g o g cod l 6 i d h
cod l 6 i m i d nach gcod l 6 i d h
cod l 6 i d h s i b h
cod l 6 i d h siad cod l 6 c h a i d h u
cod l6far
isg cod l 6 d , 2sg cod l 6 i r M cod l6chai d h me/mu id etc. u

ipl cod l 6 i d h m u id C rel. a chodl6s/a chodl6chas
56
VERB TABLES
24 cod a i l s l ee p cod lad h coda lta

chod l 6 i n n nf chod l6d h
chod l6fa a n gcod l 6 d h ?
chod l6d h se/sf g o gcod l 6 d h
chod l 6 i m i s n a c h gcod l 6 d h
chodl6dh sibh
c h o d l 6 i d fs c h o d l6chad h u
c h o d l 6faf
1sg chodl6ch a i n n , 3sg chodl6chadh se, siad etc. U

1pl chodl6dh mu id C

chodlafnn n f c h o d l afod h
c h o d laftea a n gcod l afod h ?
c h o d l afod h se/sf g o gcod l afod h
chodlafmis nach g c o d l afod h
c h o d lafo d h s i b h
c h o d lafdfs
c h o d l a ftf
1pl chodlaiod h m u i d C 3pl chod laio d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m cod l a d h etc. u
a n mod h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

codlafm g o gcodlaf m e
coda ii g o gcod l a f t u
cod lafod h se/sf g o gcod la f se/sf
cod lafm i s go gcod lafm i d
cod lafgf g o gcodlaf s i b h
codlafd fs g o gcodlaf siad
codlaftear g o gcod l aftear
n a cod a i l nar chodlaf
3pl codlaiodh s i a d U 1 p l g o gcodlai m u id CU
57
VERB TAB L E S
25 coi n n i g h kee p coi n neai l coi n n ithe

c h o i n n i g h me n forc h o i n n i g h
c h o i n n i g h tu arc h o i n n i g h ?
c h o i n n i g h se/sf g ur c h o i n n i g h
c h o i n n fo m ar narc h o i n n i g h
choinnigh sibh n forcoi n n fo d h
c ho i n n i g h s i a d arcoi n n fod h ?
coi n n fod h g u r/nar coi n n fo d h
1sg (do) c h o i n nfos, 2sg (do) c h o i n nfs, 2pl (do) c h o i n nfo b h a i r M

1pl choi n n i g h mu id UC 3pl c ho i n nfodar MC
a n aimsir laith reach the present tense

co i n nfm n f c h o i n n fo n n
coi n n fo n n tu a n g co i n n fo n n ?
coi n n fo n n se/sf g o g co i n n fo n n
co i n n fm i d n a c h g c o i n n fo n n
coi n n fo n n s i b h
co i n n fo n n s i a d
coi n n ftear
1pl coinnfonn m u id C 3pl coin nfd (siad) M

coi n n i m , coi n n e a n n se/m u i d U rel. a c h o i n nfos

coi n neoid h m e n f c h o i n n eo i d h
coi n neoi d h tu a n gcoi n n eoid h ?
c o i n n e o i d h se/sf g o gcoi n neoi d h
co i n neoi m i d n a c h gcoi n n eoi d h
coi n n e o i d h s i b h
coi n n eo i d h siad coi n n eocha i d h U
coi n neofar
1sg coinneod, 2sg coi n n eo i r M 1pl co i n neoidh mu id C

coin neoch a i d h me/m u i d etc. U rel. a choi n n eos/a c ho i n neochas
58
VERB TABLES
25 coi n n ig h kee p coi n neai l coi n n ithe

a n mod h coi n n io l lach the conditional mood
c h o i n neoi n n n f c h o i n neod h
c h o i n n eofa an g c o i n neod h ?
c h o i n neodh se/sf g o g c o i n neodh
choinneoimis nach g c o i n neod h
c h o i n neod h s i b h
c h o i n n eo i d fs c h o i n neochadh U
c h o i n n eofaf
1sg c h o i n n eochai n n , 3sg c h o i n n eochadh se, siad etc. U

1pl choi n neod h m u i d C
a n aimsir g h nathchaite the i m perfect ten se

choinnfnn n f c h o i n n fod h
c h o i n n ftea an gcoi n n fod h ?
c h o i n n fo d h se/sf g o g c o i n n fod h
c h o i n n fm i s nach g c o i n n fo d h
c h o i n n fo d h s i b h
c h oi n n fd fs
c h o i n n ftf
1 p l c h o i n n fod h m u id C, 3pl choi n n fo d h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m c o i nnea i l (t) etc. u
an mod h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laithreach

the i m pe rative m ood the p resent s u bj u n ctive
coi n n fm go gcoi n n f m e
coi n n i g h g o gcoi n n f tu
coi n n fo d h se/sf g o gcoi n n f se/sf
coi n n f m i s go g c o i n nfmid
coi n n fg f g o gcoi n n f sibh
coi n n fd fs g o gcoi n n f siad
coi n n ftear g o gcoi n n ftear
n a coi n n i g h narch o i n n f
3pl coin nfod h siad U 1pl g o g co i n n f m u id CU
59
VERB TABLES
26 cruaig h h a rd e n cruachan c ruaite

chru a i g h m e n for chru a i g h
c h ru a i g h t u archruai g h ?
chru a i g h se/sf g ur chruaig h
c hru amar narchru a i g h
chru a i g h s i b h n forcruad h
c h ru a i g h siad arcru ad h ?
cru a d h g ur/nar cru a d h
1sg (do) c h ruas. 2sg (do) chruais. 2p l (do) chruabhair M

1pl chruaigh m u id CU 3pl (do) c h ruadar MC

cruaim n f chru a n n
cru a n n tu a n gcru a n n ?
cru a n n se/sf g o g cru a n n
cru a i m i d n a c h gcru a n n
cru a n n s i b h
cru a n n siad
cruaitear
1p/ cru a n n m u i d CU 3p/ cruaid (siad) M dial. cruaidheann

rel. a c h ruas

cru afa i d h m e n f c hruafa i d h
cruafa i d h tu an g cruafaid h ?
cruafa i d h se/sf g o g cruafa i d h
cruafa i m i d nach g cruafaid h
cruafa i d h sibh
cruafaid h siad
cruafar
1sg cruafa d . 2sg cruafa i r M cruafa i d h m u id CU dial. cruaid h fi d h

rel. a ch ruafas
60
VERB TABLES
26 cruaig h h a rd e n cruac h a n cruaite

a n modh coi n n iol lach the co n d itional mood
ch ruafai n n n f c h ruafad h
c h ruafa an g c ru afad h ?
c h ruafad h se/sf g o g c ruafad h
c h ruafai m i s nach g cruafad h
c h ruafad h s i b h
c h ruafaidfs
c h ruafaf
1pl chruafadh mu id C 3pl ch ruafadh siad U dial. ch ruaid hfeadh

c h ruai n n n f c h ruad h
c h ruaitea an g c ruad h ?
c h ruad h se/sf g o g cruad h
c h ruai m is nach g c ruad h
c h ruad h s i b h
c h ruai d fs
c h ruaitf
1pl ch ruad h mu id C, 3pl chruad h siad U

Ba g h nach liom cruaidhead h etc. u

the i m pe rative mood the p resent s u bj u nctive
cruai m g o g crua m e
cruai g h g o g c ru a tu
c ruad h se/sf g o g c ru a se/sf
c ruai m i s go g c ruai m i d
c ru ai g f g o g c rua s i b h
cruaidfs g o g c rua siad
c ruaitear g o gc ruaitear
na cruai g h n a r c h rua
3pl cruad h siad U 1pl go gcrua mu id CU
61
VERB TAB L E S
27 c ru i n n ig h g a t h e r c ru i n n i u c ru i n n ithe
chru i n n i g h m e n iorchru i n n i g h
chru i n n i g h tu archru i n n i g h ?
chru i n n i g h se/si g urchru i n n i g h
chru i n niomar narchru i n n i g h
chru i n n i g h s i b h n iorcru i n n iod h
chru i n n i g h siad arcru i n n iod h ?
cru i n n io d h g ur/narcru i n n iod h
1sg (do) c h r u i n nfos, 2sg (do) c h r u i n nfs, 2pl (do) c h ru i n nfo bhai r M
1pl c h ru i n n i g h m u id UC 3pl c h ru i n n fodar MC

cru i n n im n i chru i n n io n n
cru i n n io n n tu a n g cru i n n io n n ?
cru i n n io n n se/si g o g cru i n n io n n
cru i n n im i d nach g cru i n n io n n
cru i n n io n n s i b h
cru i n n io n n siad
cru i n n itear
1pl cru i n n fo n n m u i d C 3pl cru i n n fd (siad) M

cru i n n i m , cru i n neann se/m u i d U rel. a c h ru i n nfos

cru i n n e o i d h m e n i chru i n ne o i d h
cru i n n e o i d h t u a n gcru i n neoid h ?
cru i n n e o i d h se/si g o g cru i n n e o i d h
cru i n neoi m i d nach g cru i n n eo i d h
cru i n n e o i d h s i b h
cru i n n e o i d h siad cru i n neocha i d h U
cru i n neofar
1sg cru i n neod , 2sg cru i n neoir M 1pl cru i n neoidh m u id C

cru i n neoch a i d h m e/m u id etc. U rel. a c h ru i n n eos/a c h r u i n neochas
62
VERB TABLES
27 c ru i n n i g h g a t h e r c ru i n n i u cru i n n ithe
a n mod h coi n n io l l ach the conditional mood
c h ru i n n eoi n n n f c h r u i n neodh
c h ru i n n eofa a n g c ru i n neod h ?
c h r u i n neod h se/sf g o g c ru i n neod h
c h r u i n neoi m i s nach g c ru i n neod h
c h r u i n neod h s i b h
c h r u i n neoidfs c h r u i n neoc h a d h U
c h ru i n n eofaf
isg c h r u i n neochai n n , 3sg c h r u i n neochadh se, siad etc. u

ipl c h r u i n neod h mu id C

chruin nfnn n f c h r u i n n fo d h
c h ru i n n ftea a n g c ru i n n fo d h ?
c h ru i n n fo d h se/sf g o g c ru i n n fod h
c h ru i n n fm i s nach g c ru i n n fo d h
c h ru i n n fo d h s i b h
c h ru i n n fd fs
c h ru i n n ftf
i p l c h r u i n n iod h m u i d C, 3 p l c h ru i n niodh s i a d U
Ba g h nach l i o m cru i n n i u etc. U

c ru i n n fm g o g c ru i n nf m e
c ru i n n i g h g o g c ru i n n i tu
c ru i n n fod h se/sf g o g c ru i n n i se/si
c ru i n n f m i s go g c ru i n nimid
c ru i n nfgf g o g c ru i n n i s i b h
c ru i n n fd fs g o g c ru i n n i s i a d
c ru i n n ftea r g o g c ru i n nftear
na c ru i n n i g h n a r c h ru i n n i
3pl c ru i n niod h siad U ipl g o g c ru i n n i m u i d C U
63
VERB TABLES
28 c u i r p u t cur c u rtha
c h u ir me n for c h u ir
c h u irtu ar c h u ir?
c h u ir se/sf g u r c h u ir
c h u ireamar n arch u ir
c h u ir s i b h n for c u iread h
c h u ir siad
��-
ar c u i rea d h ?
c u ire ad h g ur/narcu iread h
1sg (do) c h u i reas, 2sg (do) c h u i ri s, 2p/ (do) c h u i rea b h a i r M

1pl c h u i r m u id CU 3pl (do) c h u i readar MC

c u iri m n f c h u irea n n
c u irea n n tu a n g c u irea n n ?
c u irea n n se/sf g o g c u irea n n
c u iri m i d nach g c u irea n n
c u i rea n n s i b h
c u i rea n n siad
c u irtear
1pl c u i rea n n m u i d C U 3pl c u i rid (siad) M rel. a c h u i reas

c u irfi d h m e n f c h u irfi d h
c u irfi d h tu a n g c u irfi d h ?
c u irfi d h se/sf go g c u irfi d h
c u irfi m i d n a c h g c u irfi d h
c u irfi d h s i b h
c u i rfi d h siad
c u i rfear
1sg c u i rfead , 2sg c u i rfi r M c u i rfi d h mu id CU rel. a c h u i rfeas
64
VERB TABLES
28 c u i r p u t cur c u rtha
a n m o d h coi n niol lach the conditional mood
c h u i rfi n n n f c h u irfead h
c h u irfea a n g c u irfead h ?
c h u irfead h se/sf g o g c u irfead h
c h u irfi m i s nach g c u irfead h
c h u irfead h s i b h
c h u irfi d fs
c h u irff
1p/ c h u i rfead h m u i d C 3p/ c h u i rfead h siad U
a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m perfect tense

c h u iri n n n f c h u i read h
c h u irtea a n g c u irea d h ?
c h u iread h se/sf g o g c u iread h
c h u iri m i s nach g c u iread h
c h u iread h s i b h
c h u iri d fs
c h u irtf
1p/ c h u i read h mu id C 3p/ c h u i readh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m c u r etc. u
an m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

c u iri m g o g c u ire me
cuir g o g c u ire tu
c u iread h se/sf g o g c u ire se/sf
cuiri m i s go g c u iri m i d
c u iri g f g o g c u ire s i b h
c u iri d fs g o g c u ire siad
c u i rtear g o g c u irtear
na c u i r nar c h u ire
3p/ c u i readh siad U 1p/ go g c u i re m u i d C U
65
VERB TABLES
29 dathaig h co l o u r dath u daite

a n a i m s i r c h a ite the past tense
d hatha i g h me n io r d hath a i g h
d h ath a i g h tu a r d h atha i g h ?
d hath a i g h se/si g u r d h atha i g h
d h athaio m a r n a r d hatha i g h
d h ath a i g h s i b h nior dathaio d h
d hatha i g h s i a d a r dathaiod h ?
dathafod h g u r/nar dath aiod h
1sg (do) d hathafos, 2sg (do) d h athais , 2pl (do) d hathaio b h a i r M

1pl d hath a i g h mu id U C 3pl d h athaioda r MC
a n a i m s i r laith reach t h e p resent tense

dathaim n i d hathaio n n
dathaio n n tu a n ndathaio n n ?
dathaio n n se/si go n d athaio n n
dathaim i d n a c h ndathafo n n
dathaio n n s i b h
dathaio n n siad
dathaftea r
1 p l dathaio n n m u i d C 3pl dathaid (siad) M

dath a i m , dathan n se/m u i d u rel. a d h athaios

dath 6 i d h m e n i d h ath6 i d h
dath6 i d h tu a n ndath 6 i d h ?
dath 6 i d h se/si g o n d ath 6 i d h
dath6 i m i d nach ndath6idh
dath 6 i d h s i b h
dath 6 i d h siad dath6c h a i d h U
dath6fa r
1sg dath6d, 2sg dath 6 i r M 1pl dath 6 i d h m u id c

dath6c h a i d h m e/m u i d etc. u rel. a d hath6s/a d hath6chas
66
VERB TABLES
29 dathaig h co l o u r dath u d aite

a n modh coi n n io l l ac h t h e c o n d it i o n a l mood
d hath6i n n n i d h ath 6 d h
d hath6fa a n n d ath6d h ?
d ha t h 6 d h se/si g o n d ath 6 d h
d hath6i m i s nach n d a t h 6 d h
d hath 6 d h s i b h
d h ath 6 i d is d hath6c h a d h U
d h ath 6fa i
isg d h ath6cha i n n , 3sg d hath6c had h se/siad etc. U

ipl d hath6dh m u id C
a n a i m s i r g h n at h c h a ite t h e i m pe rfect tense

d h athain n n i d hathaiod h
d h athaitea an ndath a fod h ?
d h ath afod h se/si g o ndath aiod h
d h athaim i s nach ndathaiod h
d h athaiod h s i b h
d hathaid is
d h atha iti
ipl d hathaiod h mu id C 3p/ d hathaiod h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m dath u etc. u
an mod h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

t h e i m pe rative mood t h e p resent s u bj u n ctive
dathaim go ndathai m e
dath a i g h go n d a t h a i tu
dathaio d h se/si g o ndathai se/si
d athaim i s g o n d athaim i d
d athaigi g o n d a t h a i si bh
dathaidis go ndathaisiad
dathaitea r g o ndathaitea r
na dath a i g h n a r d hathai
3 p / dathaiod h siad U ipl g o ndathai m u id CU
67
VERB TABLES
30 dean d o , m a ke dea n a m h d ea nta

a n aimsir c h a ite t h e past tense
ri n n e m e n f d h earna
ri n n e tu a n ndearna?
ri n n e se g o ndearna
rinneamar nach n d earna
ri n n e s i b h n f d h earnad h
ri n n e siad a n n d earnad h ?
ri n n ea d h g o/nach ndearna d h
1sg (do) d h eineas, 2sg (do) d h e i n i s , 2pl (do) d h eineabhair, 3p/ d h e i neadar, var. d h i n-M
1pl r i n n e m u id CU 3pl rin nead a r C
ri n n , n f thea r n , a n/go/nach dtearn U
a n a i m s i r l a ith reach t h e p resent tense

deanaim n i d hea n a n n
deana n n tu a n n d ea n a n n ?
d ea n a n n se/sf g o n d ea n a n n
deana i m i d n a c h n d ea n a n n
d ea n a n n s i b h lndep . g h n i U
deana n n siad d io n a n n c
deantar d e i n ea n n M
1pl d ea n a n n m u i d C 3pl deanaid (siad) M rel. a d heanas;

indep. g h nfm, g h n f tu/se var. n f se, rel. a g h nfos; n f thean se, g o ndean U
a n a i m s i r fhaistineach t h e futu re tense
I deanfa i d h m e
deanfa i d h tu
n i d h eanfa i d h
a n n d eanfa i d h ?
deanfa i d h se/si g o ndeanfa i d h
I deanfa i m i d n a c h ndeanfa i d h
deanfa i d h s i b h
deanfa i d h siad
dea nfa r
1sg deanfad , 2sg deanfa i r M deanfa i d h m u i d cu rel. a d h ea nfas ;

indep. g heanfa i d h/d heanfaid h , n f theanfa i d h , g o nd eanfa i d h u
68
VERB TABLES
30 dean d o , m a ke dea n a m h dea nta

a n modh coi n n io l lach the conditional mood
d h eanfa i n n n f d h ea nfad h
d h ea nfa a n ndea nfad h ?
d h eanfa d h se/sf g o ndea nfa d h
d heanfa i m i s nach n d ea nfad h
d h eanfa d h s i b h
d h ea nfa i d fs
d h e a nfaf
1p/ d h ea nfadh m u i d C 3p/ dheanfadh siad, var. g h eanfa d h u
an a i m s i r g h n at h c h a ite the i m pe rfect tense

d heanai n n nf dheanadh
d h ea nta a n ndeanad h ?
d h ea n a d h se/sf g o n d eanad h
d heana i m i s nach n d eanad h
d h ea n a d h s i b h
d he a n a i d fs
d h ea ntaf
1pl dheanadh mu id c Ba g h nach l i o m deanamh etc.

lndep. g h nfn n , g h n fthea, g h nfo d h se, siad etc. , var. n fod h U
a n m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteac h laith reach

the i m pe rative mood t h e p resent s u bj u n ctive
deanaim go ndeana m e
dean g o ndeana tu
d e a n a d h se/sf g o ndeana se/sf
deana i m i s g o n d ea n a i m i d
deanaigf gondeana sibh
d e a n a i d fs g o ndeana s i a d
deantar g o n d ea nta r
na dean n a r d h ea n a
3pl deanadh siad u 1 p l g o ndeana m u id cu

g o ndeanaidh u
69
VERB TABLES
31 d io l s e l I d io l d iolta
d h io l me n io r d h io l
d hiol tu a r d h io l ?
d hiol se/si g u r d h io l
d h io l a m a r n a r d h io l
d h io l s i b h n io r d io l a d h
d h io l siad
��
a r d io l a d h ?
dioladh g u r/nar d io l a d h
isg (do) d h iolas, 2sg (do) d h folais, 2p/ (do) d hfol a b h a i r M

ipl d h fo l mu id CU 3p/ (do) d hfoladar MC
a n a i m s i r laith reach t h e present tense

d io l a i m n i d h io l a n n
d io la n n tu a n n d io l a n n ?
d io l a n n se/si g o n d io l a n n
d io l a i m i d n a c h n d io l a n n
d io l a n n s i b h
d io l a n n siad
d io ltar
ipl d fo l a n n m u i d CU 3p/ d folaid (siad) M re/. a d h folas
an a i m s i r fhaist i n each t h e futu re tense

diolfa i d h m e n i d h iolfa i d h
d iolfa i d h tu a n n d folfa i d h ?
diolfa i d h se/si g o n d iolfa i d h
d folfa i m i d n a c h n d io l fa i d h
d iolfa i d h s i b h
diolfa i d h s i a d
d io lfa r
isg d folfa d , 2sg dfolfa i r M dfolfa i d h m u i d CU rel. a d h fo lfas
70
VERB TABLES
31 d io l s e l l d iot d iolta
an m o d h coin n io l lach t h e conditional mood
d h iolfa i n n n f d h io lfad h
d h iolfa a n n d folfa d h ?
d h iolfa d h se/si g o n d folfa d h
d h iolfa i m i s nach n d fo l fa d h
d h iolfa d h s i b h
d h iolfa i d fs
d h io lfaf
ipl d h folfa d h m u id C 3p/ d h folfa d h siad U

d h fo l a i n n n f d hiolad h
d h fo l ta a n n d fo l a d h ?
d h io l a d h se/sf g o n d fo l a d h
d h fo l a i m i s n a c h n d fo l a d h
d h fo l a d h s i b h
d h fo l a i d fs
d h fo l taf
ipl d h foladh m u i d C 3p/ d h fo l a d h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m d fo l etc. U
a n m od h o rd a itheach an fos h u iteach laith reach

d fo l a i m g o n d fo l a m e
d fo l g o n d fo l a tu
d fo l a d h se/si g o ndfola se/sf
d fo l a i m i s go n d io l a i m i d
d fo l a i g f g o n d io l a s i b h
d fo l a i d fs go ndiola siad
dioltar g o n d ioltar
n a d io l n a r d h fo l a
3pl d fo l a d h siad U i p l g o n d fo l a m u i d C U
71
VERB TABLES
32 d i rig h stra i g h te n d iri u d irithe

d h frig h m e n fo r d hfri g h
d h fri g h t u a r d hfrig h ?
d h fri g h se/sf g u r d h fri g h
d h frfo m a r n a r d hfri g h
d h frig h s i b h n fo r d frfo d h
d_
_ h_f ri�
g_h_s_
_i a_
___d
_____ a r d frfo d h ?
d frfo d h g u r/na r d frfo d h
1sg (do) d h frfos, 2sg (do) d h iris, 2pl (do) d h irfo b h a i r M

1pl d h irig h n 1 u i d UC 3pl d h iriodar MC
a n a i m s i r l a i t h reach the p resent tense

d frfm n f d h frfo n n
d frfo n n tu a n n d frfo n n ?
d frfo n n se/sf g o n d frfo n n
dfrfm i d nach n d frfo n n
d frfo n n s i b h
d frfo n n s i a d
d frftea r
1pl dirio n n m u i d C 3pl d i rid (siad) M

di ri m , d irean n se/m u i d U rel. a d hirios

d freoi d h m e n f d h freoi d h
dfreoi d h tu a n n dfreo i d h ?
dfreo i d h se/sf g o n d freo i d h
d freo i m i d nach n dfreo i d h
dfreo i d h s i b h
d freo i d h siad d freoch a i d h U
d freofa r
1sg direod , 2sg d ireoi r M 1pl d ireoi d h m u i d C

direoch a i d h m e/mu id etc. U rel . a d hfreos/a d h ireochas
n
VERB TABLES
32 d i rig h stra i g h te n diri u d irithe

a n mod h coi n n io l l ach the co n d it i o n a l mood
d h freo i n n n f d h freod h
d h freofa a n n d freo d h ?
d h freod h se/sf g o n d freod h
d h freoi m i s nach nd freo d h
d h freod h s i b h
d h freoi d fs d h freochadh U
d h freofaf
1sg d h freocha i n n , 3sg d h freochad h se, siad etc. u

1pl d h ireo d h mu id C
a n a i m s i r g h nathch aite the i m perfect te n se

d h frfn n n f d h frfo d h
d h frftea a n n d frfo d h ?
d h frfo d h se/sf g o n d frfo d h
d h frfm i s nach n d frfo d h
d h frfo d h s i b h
d h frfd fs
d hfrftf
1 p l d h frfodh m u id C , 3 p l d h frio d h s i a d U
Ba g h nach l i o m diriO etc. U
an m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach l a ith reach

d frfm g o n d frf m e
dfrigh g o n d frf tu
d frfo d h se/sf g o n dfrf se/sf
d frfm i s go n d frfm id
d frfg f g o n d frf sibh
d frfdfs g o n d frf siad
d frftear g o n d frftear
na dfri g h n a r d h frf
3pl d irio d h siad u 1pl go nd iri mu id CU
73
VERB TABLES
33 d6ig h b u rn d6 d6ite
a n a i m s i r c h a ite t h e past tense
d h 6 i g h me nfor d h 6 i g h
d h 6 ig h tu a r d h6 i g h ?
d h 6 i g h se/sf gur dh6igh
dh6mar n a r d h6 i g h
dh6igh sibh n fo r d 6 d h
d_ · i g h s ia d
h o_ a r d 6d h ?
_ �____________
d6dh g u r/n a r d 6 d h
1sg (do) dh6s, 2sg (do) d h6is, 2pl (do) d h 6 b h a i r M

1pl d h 6 i g h mu id CU 3pl (do) d h 6dar MC vn d6ghadh U

d6im nf dh6nn
d 6 n n tu an nd6nn?
d 6 n n se/sf go nd6nn
d6imid nach nd6nn
d6nn sibh
d 6 n n siad
d 6itear
1pl d 6 n n m u id CU 3 p l d 6 i d (siad) M dial. d6igheann

rel. a d h 6s
an a i m s i r fha i sti neach t h e fut u re tense

d 6fa i d h m e n f d h 6fa i d h
d6fa i d h tu a n n d 6fa i d h ?
d6fa i d h se/sf g o n d6fa i d h
d 6fa i m i d n a c h n d 6fa i d h
d6fa i d h s i b h
d6fa i d h s i a d
d 6fa r
1sg d 6fa d , 2sg d 6fa i r M d 6fa i d h m u i d CU dial. d 6 i g h fi d h

rel. a d h 6fas
74
VERB TABLES
33 d6ig h b u rn d6 d6ite
a n mod h coi n n io l lach t h e conditional mood
d h 6fa i n n n f d h 6fad h
d h 6fa a n n d 6fad h ?
d h 6fad h se/sf g o n d 6fa d h
d h 6fa i m i s n a c h n d 6fad h
d h 6fad h s i b h
d h 6fa i d fs
d h 6faf
1pl d h 6fad h m u id C 3pl d h 6fad h siad U dial. d h6ig hfead h

dh6inn nf dh6dh
d h 6itea a n nd6d h ?
d h6 d h se/sf go nd6dh
dh6imis nach n d 6 d h
d h6 d h s i b h
d h 6i d fs
d h 6 itf
1 p l d h6dh m u i d C , 3pl d h 6 d h s i a d U
Ba g h nach l i o m d 6/d6g had h etc. U
an mod h o rdaitheach a n fos h u itet!ilch laith reach

d6im go nd6 me
d6igh g o n d 6 tu
d 6 d h se/sf g o n d 6 se/sf
d6imis go nd6imid
d6igf go nd6 sibh
d 6 i d fs g o n d 6 siad
d 6 itear g o n d 6 itea r
na d6igh nar dh6
3pl d6dh s i a d U 1pl g o n d 6 m u id C U
75
VERB TABLES
34 d ruid c l o s e d ru i d i m d ru idte
d h ru i d m e n fo r d h ru i d
d h ru i d tu a r d h ru i d ?
d h ru i d se/sf g u r d h ru i d
d h ru ideamar n a r d h ru i d
d h ru i d sibh n fo r d ru i d ea d h
d h ru i d siad a r d ru i d ead h ?
d ru i d ead h g u r/n a r d ru i d e a d h
1sg (do) d h ru ideas. 2sg (do) d h ru i d i s , 2 p l (do) d h ruideabhair M

1pl d h ru i d mu id CU 3pl (do) d h ruideadar M C
a n a i m s i r l a it h reach t h e p resent tense

d ru i d i m n f d h ru i d e a n n
d ru i d e a n n t u a n n d ru i d ea n n ?
d ru i d e a n n se/sf go n d ru i d e a n n
d ru i d i m i d n a c h n d ru i d e a n n
d ru i d e a n n s i b h
d ru i d e a n n s i a d
d ru i dtea r
1pl d ru i d ea n n mu id CU 3pl druid id (siad) M rel. a d h ru i d eas
an a i m s i r fha i st i n each t h e futu re tense

d ru i d fi d h m e n f d h ru i d fi d h
d ru i d fi d h tu a n n d r u i dfi d h ?
d ru i d fi d h se/sf g o n d ru i d fi d h
d ru idfi m i d nach n d ru i d fi d h
d ru idfid h s i b h
d ru idfid h s i a d
d ru i dfea r
1sg d ru i dfead , 2sg d ru i d fi r M d ru i d fi d h m u id CU rel. a d h ru i dfeas
76
VERB TABLES
34 d ruid c l o s e d ru i d i m d ru i dte
a n mod h coi n n io l lach t h e co n d it i o n a l mood
d h ru i dfi n n n f d h ru idfead h
d h ru i dfea a n n d ru i dfead h ?
d h ru i dfead h se/sf g o n d ru idfead h
d h ru i dfi m i s nach n d ru i dfead h
d h ru i dfea d h s i b h
d h ru i d fi d fs
d h ru i dff
1pl d h ru i dfead h m u i d C 3pl d h ru idfead h siad U
a n a i m si r g h n ath c h a ite t h e i m pe rfect tense

d h ru i d i n n n f d h ru i deadh
d h ru i d tea a n n d ru i d ead h ?
d h ru id e a d h se/sf g o n d ru idead h
d h ru i d i m is nach n d ru i dead h
d h ru i d ea d h s i b h
d h ru i d i d fs
d h ru idtf
1pl d h ru i d ea d h mu id C 3pl d h ruideadh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m d r u i d i m etc. U

d ru i d i m g o n d ru i d e me
d ru i d go n d r u i d e tu
d ru idead h se/sf g o n d ru i d e se
d ru i d i m is go n d r u i d i m i d
druidigf g o n d ru i d e s i b h
d r u i d i d fs go ndruide siad
d ru idtear g o n d ruidtear
n a d ru i d n a r d h ru i d e
3pl druidead h s i a d U i p l g o n d ru ide m u id CU
77
VERB TABLES
35 d u isig h awa k e n d u iseacht d u isithe

a n a i m s i r c h aite t h e past tense
d h u i s i g h me n fo r d h u i s i g h
d h u i s i g h tu a r d h u isig h ?
d h u i s i g h se/sf gurdhuisigh
d h u isfo m a r na r d h u i s i g h
d h u isigh sibh n io r d u isio d h
d h u is i g h s i a d a r d u isiod h ?
d u i siod h g u r/na r d u i siod h
1sg (do) d h u isfos. 2sg (do) d h u isfs. 2pl (do) d h u isio b h a i r M

1pl d h u i s i g h mu id U C 3pl d h u isiodar MC
a n aimsir l a it h reach t h e p resent tense

d u i sim n i d h u isio n n
d u isio n n tu a n n d u isio n n ?
d u isio n n se/si g o n d u i sfo n n
d u isim i d nach n d u i sio n n
d u isio n n s i b h
d u isio n n siad
d u i sftear
1pl d u isio n n m u i d C 3pl d u i sid (siad) M

d u i s i m , d u isea n n se/m u i d u re/. a d h U i sios

d u iseo i d h m e n i d h u iseoid h
d u iseo i d h tu a n n d u iseoid h ?
d u iseo i d h se/sf g o n d u iseo i d h
d u iseo i m i d n a c h n d u iseo i d h
d u iseo i d h s i b h
d u iseo i d h siad
d u i seofa r
1sg d u i seod , 2sg d u iseoir M 1pl d u iseo i d h m u i d c

d u iseoch a i d h me/m u id etc. U rel. a d h u i seos/a d h u iseochas
78
VERB TABLES
35 d u isig h awa k e n d u iseacht d u isithe

a n mod h coi n n io l l a c h the con d itional mood
d h u iseo i n n n f d h u iseod h
d h u i seofa a n n d u iseo d h ?
d h u iseo d h se/sf g o n d u iseod h
d h u iseo i m i s nach n d u i seod h
d h u iseod h s i b h
d h u iseo i d fs
d h u i seofaf
isg d h u iseocha i n n , 3sg d h u iseochad h se, siad etc. u

ip/ d h u iseodh m u i d c
a n a i m s i r g h nathch a ite t h e i m pe rfect tense

d h u isfn n n f d h u i sfod h
d h U i sftea a n n d u i sfod h ?
d h u i sfod h se/sf g o n d u isfo d h
d h u isfm i s nach n d u i sfod h
d h u isfo d h s i b h
d h u isfdfs
d h u i sftf
ip/ d h U i siod h m u id C, 3p/ d h u isio d h siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m d u i seacht etc. u

d u isfm go n d u isf m e
d u isigh g o n d u is f t u
d u i sfod h se/sf g o n d u isf se/sf
d u isfmis go n d u isfmid
d u i sfg f g o n d u i s f sibh
d u i sfd fs g o n d u isf siad
d u i sftear g o n d u i sftear
na duisigh na r d h u isf
3p/ d u isio d h s i a d u ip/ g o n d u isi muid cu
79
VERB TABLES
36 d u n c l o s e d u na d h d u nta
a n aimsir c h a ite the past tense
d h u n me n fo r d h u n
d h u n tu ardhun?
d h u n se/sf gurdhun
d h u na m a r nar dhun
dhun sibh n fo r d u nad h
d h u n siad
��
ar d u na d h ?
d u na d h g u r/na r d u na d h
1sg (do) d h u nas. 2sg (do) d h u na i s . 2pl (do) d h u na b h a i r M

1pl d h u n mu id cu 3pl (do) d h u nadar MC

d u na i m n f d h u na n n
d u na n n tu an ndunann?
d u n a n n se/sf go ndunann
d u na i m i d nach ndunann
d u na n n s i b h
d u na n n siad
d u ntar
1pl d u na n n m u id cu 3pl d u naid (siad) M rel. a d h u nas
a n a i m s i r fhaisti neach t h e fut u re tense

d u nfa i d h m e n f d h U nfai d h
d u nfa i d h t u a n n d u nfa i d h ?
d u nfa i d h se/sf go n d u nfa i d h
d u nfa i m i d n a c h n d u nfai d h
d u nfa i d h s i b h
d u nfa i d h siad
d u nfa r
1sg d u nfad . 2sg d u nfai r M d u nfa i d h m u i d cu rel. a d h u nfas
80
VERB TABLES
36 d u n c l o s e d u nadh d u nta
a n mod h coi n n io l l ac h the cond iti o n a l mood
d h u nfa i n n n i d h u nfad h
d h u nfa a n n d u nfad h ?
d h u nfad h se/si g o n d u nfa d h
d h u nfa i m i s n a c h n d u nfa d h
d h u nfad h s i b h
d h u nfa i d is
d h u nfai
1pl d h U nfa d h m u id C 3pl d h u nfad h s i a d u
a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite t h e i m pe rfect tense

d h u na i n n n i d h u na d h
d h u nta an ndunadh?
d h u na d h se/si go ndunadh
d h u na i m i s nach ndu nadh
d h u na d h s i b h
d h u n a i d is
d h u ntai
1 p l d h u n a d h m u id C 3pl d h u nad h s i a d u
Ba g h nach l i o m d u n a d h etc. u
an mod h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach l a it h reach

d u na i m g o n d u na m e
dun g o n d u n a tu
d u na d h se/si g o nduna se/si
d u na i m i s go n d u n a i m i d
d u na i g i go nduna sibh
d u n a i d is go nduna siad
d u ntar g o n d u ntar
na dun nar dhuna
3pl d u n a d h siad u 1pl g o n d u n a m u i d C U
81
VERB TABLES
37 eag raig h o rg a n i s e eag ru eag ra ithe

a n a i m s i r ch aite the past tense
d'eag ra i g h me n fo r eag ra i g h
d'ea g ra i g h tu a r eag ra i g h ?
d 'ea g ra i g h se/sf g u r eag ra i g h
d'eag rafo m a r n a r eag ra i g h
d'ea g ra i g h s i b h nfor eag rafod h/nfor h e .
d_
_ 'e ag ra ig h s ia d a r eag rafod h ?
��_��___________
eag rafod h/heag rafo d h g u r/nar eag rafo d h
1sg d(h)'ea g rafos, 2sg d (h)'ea g rafs. 2pl d (h)'ea g rafo b h a i r M

1pl d'ea g ra i g h m u id U C 3p/ d'eag rafodar MC aut. heag rafod h MCU
a n a i m s i r l a i t h reach t h e p resent tense

eag rafm n f eag rafo n n
eag rafo n n tu a n eag rafo n n ?
eag rafo n n se/sf g o n-eag ra fo n n
eag rafm id n a c h n-ea g rafo n n
eag rafo n n sibh
eag rafo n n siad
eag raftea r
1pl eag rafo n n m u i d C 3p/ eag rafd (siad) M

eag ra i m , eag ra n n se/m u i d etc. U rel. a eag rafos
a n a i m s i r fhaisti n each the futu re tense

eag r6 i d h m e n f eag r6 i d h
eag r6 i d h tu a n eag r6 i d h ?
eag r6 i d h se/sf g o n-eag r6 i d h
eag r6 i m i d n a c h n-eag r6 i d h
eag r6 i d h s i b h
eag r6 i d h siad eag r6ch a i d h U
eag r6fa r
1sg eag r6d , 2sg eagr6 i r M 1p/ eag r6id h m u i d C

eag r6c h a i d h me/m u i d etc. u rel. a eag r6s/a eagr6chas
82
VERB TABLES
37 eag raig h o rg a n i s e eag ru eag raithe

a n m o d h coi n n io l lach the co n d itional mood
d'ea g r6 i n n n f eag r6d h
d'eag r6fa a n eag r6d h ?
d'ea g r6 d h se/sf g o n-ea g r6 d h
d'ea g r6 i m i s nach n-ea g r6 d h
d'eag r6d h s i b h
d 'eag r6 i d fs d'eag r6chad h U
d'eag r6faf
1sg d'eag r6chai n n , 3sg d'eag r6chad h se/siad etc. u

1pl d'ea g r6 d h mu id C
a n a i m s i r g h nat h c h a ite the i m pe rfect tense

d'ea g rafnn n f eag rafod h
d 'eag raftea a n eag rafo d h ?
d'eag rafo d h se/sf g o n-eag rafod h
d'eag rafm i s nach n-ea g rafo d h
d 'eag rafo d h s i b h
d'eag rafd fs
d'eag raftf
1 p l d'eag rafo d h m u id C 3p/ d'eag raiod h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m eagru etc. u
an m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach l a it h reach

eag rafm go n-ea g raf me
eag ra i g h go n-eag raf tu
eag rafo d h se/sf g o n-ea g raf se/sf
eag rafm i s go n-eag rafm i d
eag rafg f g o n-ea g raf s i b h
eag rafd fs g o n-eag raf siad
eag raftear g o n-eag raftear
na heag ra i g h n a r eag raf
3 p l eagraiod h s i a d U 1p/ g o n-ea g raf muid CU
83
I\ VERB TABLES
38 eiri g h g et u p eiri e i rithe

a n a i m s i r c haite t h e past tense
d'ei rig h me n fo r ei rig h
d'e i ri g h tu ar eirig h ?
d'e i ri g h se/sf g u r e i ri g h
d'e i rfo m a r n a r ei rig h
d'e i ri g h s i b h n fo r ei rfod h/nfo r h e i rfod h
d'ei rig h siad a r ei rfod h ?
e i rfod h/h e i rfo d h g u r/n a r e i rfod h
isg d (h)'e i rfos, 2sg d (h)'ei rfs, 2pl d (h)'ei rio b h a i r M

ip/ d'ei rig h mu id UC 3p/ d'ei rfodar MC aut. h e i rfod h MCU

ei rfm n f ei rfo n n
e i rfo n n tu a n e i rfo n n ?
e i rfo n n se/sf g o n-ei rfo n n
e i rf m i d n a c h n-e i rfo n n
e i rfo n n s i b h
e i rfo n n s i a d
ei rftea r
ipl e i rfon n m u id C 3pl ei rfd (siad) M

e i ri m , e i rean n se, m u id etc:-U rel. a ei rfos
a n a i m s i r fh a i st i n each t h e fut u re tense

e i reoid h m e n f e i reo i d h
e i reoid h tu a n e i reo i d h ?
e i reoid h se/sf g o n-ei reoi d h
e i reo i m i d n a c h n-e i reo i d h
e i re o i d h s i b h
e i reoid h s i a d e i reoch a i d h u
ei reofa r
isg e i reod , 2sg e i reoi r M ei reoc h a i d h m e, m u id etc. U

lpl e i reo i d h m u i d c rel. a ei reos/a e i reochas
84
VERB TABLES
38 e i rig h g et u p eiri eirithe

a n m o d h coi n n io l lach the cond iti o n a l mood
d'e i reo i n n n f e i reod h
d 'ei reofa a n ei reod h ?
d'ei reod h se/sf g o n-ei reo d h
d'ei reo i m i s nach n-ei reo d h
d 'e i reod h s i b h
d 'e i reoidfs d 'e i reoch a d h u
d'ei reofaf
1sg d 'e i reochai n n , 3sg d'e i reochad h se, siad etc. u

1p/ d'e i reod h m u i d c
an a i m s i r g h nathchaite t h e i m pe rfect tense

d'e i rf n n n f e i rfod h
d'ei rftea a n e i rfo d h ?
d'e i rfo d h se/sf g o n-ei rfo d h
d'ei rfm i s n a c h n-ei rfo d h
d'ei rfo d h s i b h
d'ei rfdfs
d'ei rftf
1p/ d'ei rfo d h m u i d C 3p/ d'ei rfo d h s i a d u

Ba g h nach l i o m e i rf etc. U
an mod h o rdaithea c h a n fos h u iteach l a i t h reach

t h e i m pe rative m o o d t h e p resent s u bj u n ctive
ei rfm g o n-ei rf m e
ei rig h g o n-ei rf t u
ei rfo d h se/sf g o n-ei rf se/sf
e i rf m i s go n-ei rfm i d
e i rfg f g o n-ei rf s i b h
ei rfd fs g o n-ei rf siad
e i rftear g o n-ei rftea r
n a h e i ri g h n a r e i rf
3p/ e i rfod h siad u 1p/ go n-ei rf m u i d cu
85
VERB TAB L E S
39 eist l i ste n eisteacht eiste

d'eist m e n fo r eist
d'eist tu a r e i st?
d'eist se/sf g u r e i st
d'eistea m a r n a r eist
d'eist s i b h n fo r eistead h/nfo r he.
d'eist siad a r e istead h ?
eistead h/h eistea d h g u r/nar ei stead h
1sg d(h)'eisteas, 2sg d (h)'eistis, 2pl d(h)'eistea b h a i r M

1pl d'eist mu id CU 3pl d'eisteadar MC aut. heistea d h MCU
an a i m s i r laith reach t h e p resent tense

eisti m n f ei stea n n
e i stea n n tu a n ei stea n n ?
ei stea n n se/sf g o n-ei stea n n
ei sti m i d nach n-ei stea n n
ei stea n n s i b h
e i stea n n siad
eistear
1pl eistean n m u i d C U 3pl eistid (siad) M rel. a ei steas
an a i m s i r fhaist i n each the futu re tense

eistfi d h m e n f e i stfi d h
e i stfi d h tu a n eistfi d h ?
e i stfi d h se/sf g o n-eistfi d h
e i stfi m id n a c h n-eistfi d h
e i stfi d h s i b h
e i stfi d h s i a d
ei stfear
1sg eistfead , 2sg eistfi r M eistfi d h m u i d C U rel. a eistfeas

var. eisteochaidh u
86
VERB TABLES
39 eist l i ste n eisteacht eiste

a n modh coi n n io l l ach the conditional mood
d'eistfi n n n f ei stfead h
d'ei stfea a n eistfea d h ?
d'ei stfead h se/sf g o n-ei stfead h
d'eistfi m i s nach n-ei stfeadh
d'ei stfead h s i b h
d'eistfi d fs
d'ei stff
1pl d'ei stfeadh m u i d C 3p/ d'eistfeadh siad u

var. d'eisteochai n n , d'eisteochad h se/siad u

d'eist i n n n f e i stea d h
d'ei stea a n eistead h ?
d'ei stea d h se/sf g o n-ei stea d h
d'eisti m i s n a c h n-ei stea d h
d'ei stea d h s i b h
d 'eistid fs
d'ei stf
1 p l d'eistead h m u i d C 3p/ d'ei stea d h s i a d u

Ba g h nach l i o m eisteacht etc. U

eisti m go n-eiste m e
eist g o n-eiste tu
eistea d h se/sf g o n-eiste se
ei sti m i s g o n-eisti m i d
eistig f g o n-eiste s i b h
eistidfs g o n-eiste siad
e i stea r g o n-ei stea r
na heist n a r eiste
3pl e i stea d h siad u 1pl g o n-eiste m u i d cu
87
11
I VERB TABLES
40 fag l eave faga i l fagtha

d'fhag m e nfor fhag
d'fhag tu a r fh a g ?
d'fhag se/sf g u r fhag
d'fh a g a m a r n a r fhag
d'fhag s i b h n fo r fag a d h
' fh_a�
d_
_ g_s_ d_________
i a_ a r fagad h ?
fag a d h g u r/na r fagad h
1sg d(h)'fhagas. 2sg d(h)'fhagais, 2p/ d(h)'fhagabhair M

1pl d'fhag mu id cu 3p/ d(h)'fhagadar MC
a n a i m s i r l a ith reach the p resent tense

fag a i m n f fhag a n n
fag a n n t u a n bhfag a n n ?
tag a n n se/sf g o bhfa g a n n
fag a i m i d nach bhfa g a n n
fag a n n s i b h
faga n n s i a d
fagtar
1 p / fagann mu id cu 3pl fagaid (siad) M rel. a fhagas
a n a i m s i r fhaist i n each the futu re tense

fagfa i d h m e n f fhagfa i d h
fagfa i d h tu a n b hfagfa i d h ?
fagfa i d h se/sf g o bhfagfa i d h
fagfa i m i d n a c h bhfagfa i d h
fagfa i d h s i b h
fagfa i d h s i a d
fagfa r
1sg fagfad, 2sg fagfair M fagfaidh mu id cu var. fuigfidh u

rel. a fhagfas/a fhu igfeas
88
VERB TABLES
40 fag l eave fag ail fagtha

a n m o d h coi n n io l lach the co n d it i o n a l mood
d'fhagfa i n n n i fhagfa d h
ct'fhagfa a n b hfagfa d h ?
d 'fhagfa d h se/si g o b hfagfa d h
d 'fhagfa i m i s nach b hfagfa d h
d'fhagfa d h s i b h
d'fhagfa i d is
d'fhagfai
1 p l d'fhagfadh mu id C 3p/ d'fhagfadh siad U var. d'fhuigfead h U
a n a i m s i r g h n at h c h a ite the i m pe rfect tense

d'fhag a i n n n i fhagad h
ct'fhagta a n bhtaga d h ?
d'fh a g a d h se/si g o bhfa g a d h
d'fhag a i m i s nach bhfa g a d h
d'fhagad h s i b h
d'fh a g a i d is
d'fhagtai
1 p l d'fhagadh mu id C 3pl d'fhagadh s i a d u

Ba ghnach liom faga i l etc. u

faga i m go b hfag a m e
tag g o b hfag a tu
fag a d h se/sf g o b hfag a se/si
faga i m i s go bhfa g a i m i d
fag a i g i g o b hfag a s i b h
fag a i d fs g o b htag a siad
fagtar g o b hfagtar
na fag n a r fhaga
3p/ fagadh siad u 1pl go bhfaga mu id CU
89
VERB TABLES
41 fai g h g et fai l faigthe

fua i r me n f bhfua i r
fua i r tu a n bhfu a i r?
fua i r se/sf go bhfu a i r
fuara m a r nach bhfu a i r
fuai r s i b h n f bhfuarthas
fua i r siad
��-
a n bhfuarthas?
f u a rt has g o/n ach bhfu a rthas
1sg (do) fuaras, 2sg (do) fuarais, 2pl (do) fuara b h a i r M

1pl fua i r m u id CU 3pl (do) fua radar MC aut. frftheadh C
a n a i m s i r l a i t h reach t h e p rese nt tense

fa i g h i m n f fha i g h ea n n
fa i g h ea n n t u a n bhfa i g h ea n n ?
fa i g h ea n n se/sf g o bhfa i g h e a n n
fa i g h i m i d nach bhfa i g h ea n n
fa i g h ea n n s i b h gheibh U
fa i g h e a n n siad dia l . fag h a n n
fai g htear
1pl fa i g h ea n n m u id CU 3pl fa i g h i d (siad) M rel. a fhaig heas - a g h e i b h U indep.

g h e i b h i m , g h e i b h tu/se/m u i d etc. , g h e i bhthear U indep.
an a i m s i r fhaist i n each the futu re tense

g h eo b h a i d h m e n f bhfa i g h i d h
g h eobha i d h t u a n bhfa i g h i d h ?
g heobha i d h se/sf g o bhfa i g h i d h
g heob h a i m i d n a c h bhfa i g h i d h
g heobha i d h s i b h
g heobha i d h siad dia l . dep . bhfu i g h i d h
g heofar
1sg g heobhad, 2sg g heobh(f)air M

g h eo b h a i d h m u i d CU rel. a g heobhas
90
VERB TABLES
41 fai g h g et fai l faigthe

g h eobha i n n n f bhfa i g head h
g h e o bhfa a n bhfa i g h ea d h ?
g h eobhad h se/sf g o bhfa i g head h
g h eobhai m i s nach bhfa i g headh
g he obhadh s i b h
g heobhaidfs dial. bhfu i g h ea d h
g heofaf
1pl g heobhadh m u id C 3pl g heobhadh siad U
an a i m si r g h nathc h a ite t h e i m pe rfect tense

d'fh a i g h i n n n f fh a i g h ea d h
d'fh a i g htea a n bhfa i g h ead h ?
d'fh a i g head h se/sf g o bhfa i g headh
d'fh a i g h i m i s nach bhfa i g headh
d'fh a i g headh s i b h
d'fh a i g h i d fs
d'fh a i g htf
1pl d'fhaig headh m u id c indep. ghei b h i n n , g hei bhthea, g hei bheadh se/siad etc.
g hei bhthf, Ba g hnach liom fai l u
an mod h o rdaithea c h an fos h u iteach l a it h reach

t h e i m pe rative m o o d t h e p resent s u bj u n ctive
fa i g h i m go bhfa i g h e me
fa i g h go bhfa i g h e tu
fai g h ea d h se/sf g o bhfa i g h e se/sf
fai g h i m i s go bhfa i g h i m id
fai g h i g f go bhfa i g h e s i b h
fai g h i d fs g o bhfa i g h e siad
fa i g htea r g o bhfa i g htea r
na fa i g h n a r fha i g h e
3pl fa ig head h siad U 1 p l go bhfaighe m u id C U
91
VERB TABLES
42 fa n wa it fa nacht fa nta
d'fh a n m e n fo r fh a n
d'fhan tu a r fh a n ?
d'fhan se/sf g u r fh a n
d'fh a n a m a r n a r fh a n
d'fh a n s i b h n fo r fa n a d h
d'fh a n siad a r fa n ad h ?
fa nad h g u r/na r fa n a d h
1sg d(h)'fhanas, 2sg d(h)'fhanais, 2p/ d(h)'fha n a b h a i r M

1p/ d'fh a n m u id CU 3p/ d (h)'fhanadar MC

fa n a i m n f fh a n a n n
fa n a n n tu a n bhfa n a n n ?
fa n a n n se/sf g o bhfa n a n n
fa n a i m i d n a c h bhfa n a n n
fa n a n n s i b h
fa n a n n siad
fa ntar
1p/ fa n a n n m u i d CU 3p/ fa naid (siad) M rel. a fhanas
a n a i m s i r fh aist i n each t h e futu re tense

fa nfa i d h m e n f fhanfa i d h
fa nfa i d h tu a n b hfa nfa i d h ?
fa nfa i d h se/sf g o b hfa nfa i d h
fa nfa i m i d nach b hfa nfa i d h
fa nfa i d h s i b h
fa nfa i d h siad
fa nfa r
1sg fa nfa d , 2sg fanfa i r M fa nfa i d h m u id CU var. fan6chaidh U

rel. a fha n6chas
92
VERB TABLES
42 fa n wa it fa nacht fa nta
a n m o d h coi n n io l lach the cond iti o n a l mood
d'fhanfa i n n n i fhanfa d h
d'fha nfa a n b hfa nfad h ?
d'fhanfa d h se/si g o bhfa nfa d h
d'fhanfa i m i s nach b hfa nfa d h
d'fhanfa d h s i b h
d'fhanfa i d is
d'fha nfai
1 p l d'fhanfadh m u id c d'fhan6chai n n , d'fhan6chadh se/siad u

d'fh a na i n n n i fh a n a d h
d'fhanta a n bhfa n ad h ?
d'fhanad h se/si g o bhfa n a d h
d'fha n a i m i s nach bhfa n a d h
d'fhanad h s i b h
d'fh a n a i d is
d'fhantai
1 p l d'fhanadh m u id C3pl d'fha nadh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m fa nacht u
a n modh o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

fa n a i m g o bhfa n a me
fa n g o bhfa n a tu
fa nad h se/si g o bhfa n a se/si
fa n a i m i s go bhfa n a i m i d
fa n a i g i g o bhfa n a s i b h
fa n a i d is g o bhfa n a siad
fa n ta r g o bhfantar
na fa n n a r fh a n a
3pl fa nad h siad U 1 p l go bhfana m u id CU
93
VERB TABLES
43 fas g row fas fas ta

an a i m s i r c h a ite t h e past tense
d'fhas m e nfor fhas
d'fhas tu a r fhas?
d'fhas se/sf g u r fhas
d 'fhasa m a r n a r fhas
d'fhas s i b h n fo r fasadh
d'fhas siad a r fasad h ?
fasa d h g u r/na r fasadh
1sg d(h)'fhasas, 2sg d (h)'fhasa is, 2pl d (h)'fhasa b h a i r M

1pl d'fhas mu id CU 3pl d(h)'fhasadar MC

fasa i m n f fhasa n n
fasa n n t u a n bhfasa n n ?
fasa n n se/sf g o bhfasa n n
fasa i m i d nach bhfasa n n
fasa n n s i b h
fasa n n siad
fas ta r
1pl fasa n n m u i d c u 3pl fa said (siad) M rel. a fhasas
a n a i m s i r fha i sti neach the fut u re tense

fasfa i d h m e n f fhasfa i d h
fasfa i d h tu a n b hfasfa i d h ?
fasfa i d h se/sf g o b hfasfa i d h
fasfa i m i d n a c h b hfasfa i d h
fasfa i d h s i b h
fasfa i d h siad
fasfa r
1sg fasfa d , fasfai r M fasfa i d h m u id cu rel. a fhasfas
94
VERB TABLES
43 fas g row fas fas ta

an m o d h coi n n io l lach the conditional mood
d 'fhasfa i n n n f fhasfa d h
d'fhasfa a n bhfasfa d h ?
d 'fhasfa d h se/sf g o b hfasfa d h
d'fhasfa i m i s nach b hfasfa d h
d 'fhasfa d h s i b h
d 'fhasfa i d fs
d'fhasfaf
1 p l d'fhasfad h mu id C 3p/ d'fhasfa d h s i a d u

d'fhasa i n n n f fhasad h
d'fhasta a n b hfasa d h ?
d 'fhasa d h se/sf g o b hfasa d h
d'fhasa i m i s n a c h bhfasa d h
d'fhasa d h s i b h
d'fhasa i d fs
d 'fhastaf
1pl d'fhasa d h mu id C 3pl d'fhasa d h s i a d u

Ba g h nach liom fas etc. u
an m o d h o rdaitheach an fos h u iteach l a it h reach

fasa i m go bhfasa me
fas go bhfasa tu
fasad h se/sf g o bhfasa se/sf
fasa i m i s go b hfasa i m i d
fasa i g f g o b hfasa s i b h
fasaidfs g o b hfasa siad
fasta r g o bhfasta r
na fas n a r fhasa
3p/ fasa d h siad u 1pl go b hfasa mu id CU
95
VERB TABLES
44 feic see feisci nt/feicea i l feicthe

a n a i m s i r c h aite the past tense
c h o n a i c me n f fhaca
c h o n a i c tu a n b hfaca?
chonaic se/sf go bhfaca
c h o n a i ceamar nach bhfaca
chonaic sibh n f fhacthas
c h o n a i c siad
��
a n b hfacthas?
c h o nacthas g o/nach b hfacthas
1sg (do) chonac, 2sg (do) chonaicfs, 2pl (do) chonaiceabhair; dep fheaca M
1pl chonaic m u id CU 3pl chonaiceadar/chonacadar MC

fei c i m n f fheicean n
feicea n n tu a n b hfeicea n n ?
feicea n n se/sf g o b hfe icea n n
fe i c i m i d nach bhfeicea n n
feicea n n s i b h
feicea n n siad l n dep . tchf U
feictea r l n dep . c(h)fo n n M
lndep. cfm , cfo n n tu/se etc. chf- M tchfm . tch f tu/se/muid (tchfo n n ) . tchfthear u
1pl feicea n n mu id C 3pl cfon n/cfd (siad)
a n a i m s i r fhaisti neach t h e futu re tense

fe icfi d h m e n f fheicfi d h
feicfi d h t u a n b hfeicfi d h ?
feicfi d h se/sf g o b hfeicfi d h
fe icfi m i d nach b hfeicfi d h
fe icfi d h s i b h
fe icfi d h siad l ndep . tchffi d h U
fei cfear l n dep . c(h)ffi d h M
lndep. cffead , cffi r var. cffi d h tu/se, cffi d (siad), var. chffi d h M
feicfi d h mu id c indep. tchffi d h me/tu/se/m u i d , aut. tchffear u
96
VERB TABLES
44 feic see feisci nt/feicea i l feicthe

d'fheicfi n n n f fheicfead h
d'fheicfea an bhfe i cfead h ?
d'fheicfead h se/si g o b hfeicfead h
d'fheicfi m i s nach bhfeicfead h
d'fheicfead h s i b h
d'fheicfidis l ndep . tchifead h u
d'fheicff l n dep . c h ifea d h IVI
lndep. chifi n n , c h ifea , c h ifi m is, c hifi d fs M

1p/ d'fheicfead h mu id c indep. tchffi n n . tch ifea . tchifead h se/siad etc. u
a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect te nse

d'fheici n n n f fh e icead h
d'fheictea a n b hfeicea d h ?
d'fh e i cead h se/sf g o bhfeicea d h
d'fheici m i s nach bhfeicead h
d'fheicead h s i b h
d'fh e i c i d fs l n dep . tchfo d h U
d'fh eictf l ndep . c h fod h IVI
lndep. c h in n . chitea . chiodh se. c hi m i s . chfdis M

1p/ d'fheicea d h mu id c indep. tchin n . tchithea. tchio d h se/siad etc.
Ba g h nach l i o m feicea i l . u
a n m o d h o rd a itheach an fos h u iteach l a i t h reach

fei c i m go bhfeice m e
feic g o b hfeice tu
feicea d h se/sf g o bhfeice Se/sf
fei c i m i s go bhfe i c i m i d
fei c i g f g o b hfeice s i b h
fei c i d fs g o bhfeice s i a d
fei ctea r g o b hfeictea r
n a feic n a r fheice
3 p l feiceadh siad U 1p/ g o b hfeice m u id CU
97
VERB TABLES
45 feoig h rot feo feoite

d'fheoig h me n fo r fh eo i g h
d'fheo i g h t u a r fheo i g h ?
d'fheo i g h se/sf g u r fheoig h
d'fh e o m a r n a r fh eo i g h
d'fheo i g h s i b h n fo r feod h
d_
_ _e_o�ig�h_s_ia
'fh _d_________ a r feod h ?
feod h g u r/na r feod h
1sg d(h)'fheos, 2sg d ( h)'fheois, 2pl d (h)'fheo b h a i r M

1pl d'fheoi g h m u id CU 3pl d ( h)'fheodar MC vn feog hadh U

feo i m n f fh eo n n
feo n n tu a n b hfeon n ?
feo n n se/sf g o b hfeo n n
feo i m i d nach bhfeo n n
feo n n s i b h
feo n n siad
feoitear
1pl feo n n m u i d C U 3pl feoid (siad) M dial. feo i g h e a n n

rel. a fheos
an a i m s i r fhaistineach the futu re te n se

feofa i d h m e n f fheofa i d h
feofa id h tu a n bhfeofa i d h ?
feofa i d h se/sf g o bhfeofa i d h
feofa i m i d n a c h b hfeofa i d h
feofa i d h s i b h
feofa i d h s i a d
feofa r
1sg feofa d , 2sg feofai r M feofa i d h m u id CU dial. feo i g h fi d h

rel. a fh eofas
98
VERB TABLES
45 feoig h rot feo feoite

an mod h c o i n n io l lach the c o n d itional mood
d'fheofa i n n n f fheofa d h
d 'fh eofa a n b hfeofa d h ?
d'fheofa d h se/sf g o bhfeofa d h
d'fheofa i m i s nach bhfeofa d h
d'fheofa d h s i b h
d'fheofa i d fs
d'fheofaf
1 p l d'fheofadh mu id C 3pl d'fheofadh s i a d U dial. d'fheoig hfeadh
a n aimsir g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect tense

d'fh eo i n n n f fheodh
d'fheoitea a n b hfeod h ?
d'fheod h se/sf g o bhfeod h
d'fheo i m i s nach bhfeo d h
d'fheod h s i b h
d 'fheo i d fs
d'fheoitf
1 p l d'fheod h mu id C, 3pl d'fheod h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m feo/feog hadh etc. U

feoi m g o bhfeo me
feo i g h g o b hfeo tu
feo d h se/sf g o bhfeo se/sf
feo i m i s go bhfeoi m i d
feo i g f g o bhfeo s i b h
feoi d fs g o bhfeo siad
feoitear g o b hfeoitear
n a feoi g h n a r fheo
3pl feodh siad u 1pl go bhfeo mu id CU
99
VERB TABLES
46 fiafraig h a s k fi afrai fi afraithe

d'fh iafra i g h m e nfor fh iafra i g h
d'fh iafra i g h t u a r fhiafra ig h ?
d'fh iafra i g h se/sf g u r fh i afra i g h
d'fh iafrafo m a r n a r fh i afra i g h
d'fh iafra i g h s i b h n fo r fi afrafo d h
d_
_ 'fh
_i_
af_r_
a� h_
i g_ si_ a_
d a r fi afrafo d h ?
________
fi afrafo d h g u r/na r fiafrafo d h
1sg d(h)'fh iafrafos , 2sg d(h)'fh iafrafs, 2pl d (h)'fh i afrafo b h a i r M

1pl d'fh i afra i g h m u id UC ]p/ d(h)'fh iafrafodar MC

fi afrafm n f fhiafrafo n n
fi afrafo n n tu a n bhfiafrafo n n ?
fi afrafo n n se/sf g o bhfiafrafo n n
fi afrafm i d nach bhfi afrafo n n
fi afrafo n n s i b h
fi afrafo n n s i a d
fi afraftea r
1pl fiafrafo n n m u i d C 3pl fi afrafd (siad) M

fi afra i m , fiafra n n se/m u i d U rel. a fh iafrafos
a n a i m s i r fhaist i n ea c h t h e futu re tense

fi afr6 i d h m e n f fh iafr6 i d h
fiafr6 i d h tu a n bhfiafr6 i d h ?
fi afr6 i d h se/sf g o bhfiafr6 i d h
fi afr6 i m i d n a c h bhfiafr6 i d h
fi afr6 i d h s i b h
fi afr6 i d h siad fiafr6c h a i d h U
fiafr6fa r
1sg fi afr6d , 2sg fiafr6 i r M 1p/ fiafr6id h m u id C

fiafr6ch a i d h me/m u id etc. u rel. a fhiafr6s/a fh i afr6chas
100
VE RB TABLES
46 fi afraig h a s k fiafrai fi afraithe

a n mod h coi n n io l l ach t h e cond itio n a l mood
d'fh iafr6 i n n n f fhiafr6 d h
d 'fh iafr6fa a n bhfiafr6d h ?
d'fh iafr6d h se/sf g o bhfi afr6d h
d 'fh iafr6 i m i s nach bhfiafr6 d h
d 'fh iafr6 d h s i b h
d 'fh iafr6 i d fs d'fh i afr6c h a d h U
d 'fh iafr6fai
isg d'fhiafr6cha i n n , 3sg d'fhiafr6chadh se/siad etc. u

ipl d'fh iafr6dh mu id C
an a i m s i r g h n at h c ha ite t h e i m pe rfect tense

d'fh iafrain n n i fh i afrafo d h
d 'fh iafraitea a n bhfiafraio d h ?
d 'fh iafraio d h se/si g o bhfi afrafo d h
d 'fh iafraim i s nach bhfiafrafo d h
d'fh iafraiod h s i b h
d 'fh iafraidfs
d'fh i afraftf
ipl d'fh iafrafodh m u i d C3pl d'fh iafrafod h siad U

Ba g h nach l iom fiafraf etc. U

fiafraim go bhfiafraf me
fi afra i g h g o bhfiafraf tu
fi afrafo d h se/sf go bhfi afraf se/sf
fiafrafm is go bhfiafrafm i d
fi afraig i g o bhfiafrai s i b h
fi afrafdfs g o bhfi afraf s i a d
fi afraftea r g o bhfi afraftear
na fi afra i g h n a r fh i afraf
3pl fiafrafodh siad U ipl go bhfiafraf m u id CU
1 01
VERB TABLES
47 fi l l , pill U ret u rn fi l lead h fi l lte

d'fh i l l m e n fo r fh i l l
d'fh i l l t u a r fh i l l ?
d'fh i l l se/sf g u r fh i l l
d'fh i l l e a m a r n a r fh i l l
d'fh i l l s i b h n fo r fi l l ead h
d'fh i l l siad a r fi l l ead h ?
fi l l ead h g u r/na r fi l l ea d h
1sg d(h)'fh i l leas. 2sg d(h)'fh i l l is . 2pl d(h)'fh i l lea b h a i r M

1pl d'fh i l l m u id C p h i I I m u id U 3pl d'fh i l leadar MC
a n a i m s i r laithreach t h e p resent tense

fi l l i m n f fh i l l ea n n
fi l lea n n tu a n b hfi l l ea n n ?
fi l l ea n n se/sf g o b hfi l l ea n n
fi l l i m i d n a c h bhfi l l ea n n
fi l l ea n n s i b h
fi l l ea n n s i a d p i l l ea n n U
fi l ltear
1pl fi l l ea n n mu id C p i l l ea n n mu id U 3pl fi l l i d (siad) M

rel. a fh i l l eas/a p h i l l eas

fi l lfi d h m e n f fh i l lfi d h
fi l lfi d h tu a n b hfi l lfi d h ?
fi l lfi d h se/sf g o b hfi l lfi d h
fil l fi m i d nach b hfi l lfi d h
fi l lfi d h s i b h
fi l lfi d h s i a d p i l l fi d h u
fil l fear
1sg fi l lfead . 2sg fi l l fi r M fi l lfi d h m u id C p i l l fi d h m u id U

rel. a fh i l lfeas/a p h i l lfeas
1 02
VERB TABLES
47 fi l l , pill U ret u rn fi l l ead h fi l lte

a n m o d h c o i n n io l lach the c o n d it i o n a l mood
d'fh i l l fi n n n f fh i l lfead h
d'fh i l lfea a n b h fi l lfead h ?
d'fh i l lfead h se/sf g o b h fi l lfead h
d'fh i l lfi m i s nach bhfi l lfea d h
d'fh i l lfead h s i b h
d'fh i l l fi d fs p h i l lfea d h U
d'fh i l lff
1pl d'fh i l lfead h mu id C 3pl p h i l lfeadh siad U

d'fh i l l i n n n f fh i l l ead h
d'fh i l ltea an b h fi l l ead h ?
d'fh i l l ea d h se/sf g o b h fi l l ead h
d'fh i l l i m i s nach b h fi l lead h
d'fh i l lead h s i b h
d'fh i l l id fs p h i l l ead h u
d'fh i l ltf
1pl d'fh i l leadh mu id C 3pl p h i l leadh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m p i l leadh etc. u
a n modh o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteac h l a ith reach

fi l l i m g o bhfi l l e m e
fi 1 1 g o b hfi l l e tu
fi I l ead h Se/sf go b hfi l l e se/sf
fi l l i m i s g o b hfi l l i m i d
fi l l i g f g o b hfi l l e s i b h
fi l l idfs g o b hfi l l e siad
fi l ltea r g o b h fi l l tea r
na fi l l n a r fh i l l e
p i l l 3p/ p i l l ea d h siad U 1 p l g o b hfi l l e m u id C

go b p i l i e m u i d U
103
V E R B TAB LES
48 ·fl i uch wet fl i uchad h fl i u chta

an a i m s i r chaite the past te nse
fh l i u c h m e n fo r fh l i u c h
fh l i uch tu a r fh l i u c h ?
fh l i u ch se/sf g u r fh l i uc h
fh l i u c h a m a r n a r fh l i uc h
fh l i u c h s i b h n fo r fl i uc h a d h
fh l i u c h s i a d a r fl i u chad h ?
fl i u c h a d h g u r/na r fl i u c h a d h
isg (do) fh l i uchas. 2sg (do) fh l i uchais, 2pl (do) fh l i uchabhair M

ipl fh l i u c h m u id CU 3pl (do) fh l i u chadar MC

fl i u c h a i m n f fh l i uc h a n n
fl i u c h a n n t u a n bhfl i u c h a n n ?
fl i uc h a n n se/sf g o bhfl i u c h a n n
fl i u chai m i d nach b hfl i u c h a n n
fl i u c h a n n s i b h
fl i u c h a n n s i a d
fl i uchtar
i p l fl i u c h a n n m u i d CU 3 p l fl i u chaid (siad) M re/. a fh l i uchas

fl i uchfa i d h m e n f f h l i uchfa i d h
fl i u c hfa i d h t u a n bhfl i u chfa i d h ?
fl i u c hfa i d h se/sf g o bhfl i u chfa i d h
fl i uchfa i m i d nach bhfl i u c hfa i d h
fl i u c hfa i d h s i b h
fl i u chfa i d h siad
fl i u c hfa r
isg fl i u c hfad , 2sg fl i u c hfai r M fl i uchfa i d h m u i d C U

rel. a fh l i uchfas
104
VERB TABLES
48 fl i u c h wet fl i uchad h fl i uchta

a n modh coi n n lo l l ach t h e c o n d itional mood
fh l i u c hfa i n n n f fh l i u chfa d h
fh l i u c hfa a n bhfl i u chfa d h ?
fh l i u c hfad h se/sf g o bhfli u c hfad h
fh l i u chfa i m i s nach bhfl i u c hfad h
fh l i u c hfad h s i b h
fh l i u c hfa i d fs
fh l i u c hfaf
1pl fh l i uchfa d h m u id C 3pl fh l i uchfa d h siad U
a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite t h e i m perfect tense

fh l i u c h a i n n n f fh l i u c h a d h
fh l i u chta a n bhfl i u c h ad h ?
fh l i u c h a d h se/sf g o bhfl i uchad h
fh l i u c h a i m i s nach bhfl i uchad h
fh l i u c h a d h s i b h
fh l i u c ha i d fs
fh l i u c htaf
1pl fh l i uchadh mu id C 3pl fh l i uchadh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m fl i uc had h etc. u

fli u c h a i m go bhfli u c h a m e
fl i u c h g o bhfli ucha tu
fl i u c h a d h se/sf g o bhfl i ucha se
fl i u c h a i m i s g o bhfl i uc h a i m i d
fl i u c h a i g f g o bhfl i ucha s i b h
fl i u c h a i d fs g o bhfli u c h a siad
fl i u c htar g o b h fli u c hta r
na fli u c h n a r fh l i ucha
3pl fl i uchadh s i a d U 1 p l g o b hfl i ucha m u id CU
105
VERB TABLES
49 fog h laim l ea rn fog h laim fog h la mtha

a n a i m s i r c h a ite t h e past te nse
d'fhog h l a i m m e n fo r fhog h l a i m
d'fhog h l a i m tu a r fh og h la i m ?
d'fhog h l a i m se/sf g u r fh og h la i m
d'fhog h la i m fo m a r n a r fhog h l a i m
d'fhog h l a i m s i b h n fo r fog h la i m fod h
d'fhog h l a i m s i a d a r fog h l a i m fod h ?
fog h l a i m fod h g u r/na r fog h l a i m fo d h
1sg d(h)'fh o g h l a i mios, 2sg d (h)'fhog h la i mis, 2pl d (h)'fh o g h l a i m io b h a i r M

1p/ d'fhog h l a i m m u id UC 3p/ d'fhog h l a i mioda r MC
a n a i m s i r laith reach t h e p rese nt tense

fog h l a i mfm n f fhog h l a i m fo n n
fog h l a i m fo n n tu a n bhfog h l a i m fo n n ?
fog h l a i m fo n n se/sf g o b hfog h l a i m fo n n
fog h l a i m f m i d n a c h bhfo g h l a i m fo n n
fog h l a i m fo n n s i b h
fog h la i m fo n n siad
fog h l a i m ftea r
1p/ fog h l a i m io n n m u id C 3p/ fog h l a i m id (siad) M

fog h l a i m i m , fog h la i mea n n se, mu id etc. U re/. a fhog h l a i m ios/a fhog h l a i meas

fog h la i m e o i d h m e n f fhog h l a i m eo i d h
fog h l a i m e o i d h tu a n b hfog h l a i m eo i d h ?
fog h la i m e o i d h se/sf g o bhfog h l a i meoid h
fog h la i m e o i m i d nach b hfog h l a i m e o i d h
fog h l a i m eo i d h s i b h
fog h l a i m e o i d h s i a d fog h l a i meoc h a i d h U
fog h l a i m eofa r
isg fog h l a i meod , 2sg fog h la i m e o i r M fog h l a i meoc h a i d h me etc. U

1p/ fog h l a i meoidh mu id c rel. a fhog h l a i meos/fh o g h l a i meochas
1 06
VERB TABLES
49 fog h laim l ea rn fog h laim fog h la mtha
a n m o d h c o i n n io l lach the c o n d itional mood

d'fhog h la i m eo i n n n i fhog h l a i m eod h
d'fhog h l a i m eofa an bhfo g h l a i m eod h ?
d'fhog h la i m e o d h se/sf g o bhfog h la i m e o d h
d'fhog h l a i m e o i m i s nach b hfog h la i m e o d h
d'fhog h l a i m eo d h s i b h
d'fhog h la i m eo i d fs d'fhog h l a i m eo c h a d h U
d'fhog h l a i m eofai
1sg d'fhog h l a i meocha i n n , 3sg d'fhog h l a i meochad h se, siad etc. u

1pl d'fhog h l a i meod h mu id C

d'fhog h l a i m i n n n i fhog h l a i m fo d h
d'fhog h l a i m itea a n b hfog h l a i m iod h ?
d'fhog h la i m iod h se/si g o bhfo g h lai m iod h
d'fhog h la i m f m i s nach b hfog h l a i m fo d h
d'fhog h l a i m fo d h s i b h
d'fhog h l a i m idis
d'fhog h l a i m iti
1pl d'fhog h l a i miod h m u id C 3pl d'fh o g h l a i m io d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m fog h l a i m etc. u
a n m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteac h l a ith reach

fog h la i mim go bhfog h l a i m i me
fog h l a i m go bhfo g h l a i m i tu
fog h l a i m fod h se/si go b hfog h l a i m i se/si
fog h l a i m fm i s g o bhfo g h l a i m im i d
fog h l a i migi g o bhfo g h l a i m f s i b h
fog h l a i m idfs g o bhfo g h l a i m f s i a d
fog h l a i m ftear g o bhfog h l a i m itea r
na fo g h l a i m n a r fhog h l a i m i
3pl fog h l a i m io d h s i a d U 1pl g o bhfog h l a i m i m u i d C U
107
VERB TABLES
s o foi lsig h p u b l i s h foi l s i u foi lsithe

d'fh o i l s i g h m e n io r fh o i l s i g h
d 'fho i l s i g h t u a r fh o i l s i g h ?
d'fh o i l si g h se/si g u r fh o i l s i g h
d'fh o i l sio m a r n a r fh o i l s i g h
d'fh o i l s i g h s i b h n io r fo i l siod h
d_' fh o i l s i g h s ia d a r fo i l siod h ?
_ ___��___________
fo i l sio d h g u r/na r fo i l siod h
1sg d(h)'fh o i l sios, 2sg d(h)'fh o i l sis, 2pl d(h)'fh o i l siob h a i r M

1pl d'fh o i l s i g h mu id U C 3pl d'fh o i l siodar MC
a n aimsir l a i t h reach t h e p resent tense

foi l sim n i fh o i l sio n n
fo i l sio n n tu a n bhfo i l sio n n ?
fo i l sio n n se/si g o bhfo i l sio n n
foi l si m i d nach bhfo i l sio n n
fo i l sio n n s i b h
fo i l sio n n s i a d
fo i l sitea r
1pl foi l sion n m u id C 3pl foi l sid (siad) M

foi l s i m , foi l sean n se, m u i d U rel. a fho i l sios
a n a i m s i r fhaist i n ea c h the fut u re tense

foi l seoi d h m e n i fhoi lseoid h
fo i l seoid h t u a n bhfo i l seoid h ?
fo i l seoid h se/si g o bhfo i lseo i d h
foi l seoi m i d nach bhfo i l seo i d h
fo i l seo i d h s i b h
fo i l seoid h siad foi l seoc h a i d h U
foi l seofa r
1sg foi l seod , 2 sg fo i l seoir M 1pl fo i l seoidh mu id C

foi l seocha i d h me, m u i d etc. U rel. a fho i l seos/a fho i l seochas
108
VERB TABLES
so foi lsig h p u b l i s h foi lsiu foi l sithe

a n mod h coi n n io l lach the cond iti o n a l mood
d'fh o i l s eo i n n n f fhoi lseodh
d'fh o i l seofa a n bhfo i l seod h ?
d'fh o i l seod h se/sf g o bhfo i l seodh
d'fh o i l seo i m i s nach bhfo i l seod h
d'fh o i l seod h s i b h
d'fh o i l seoidfs d'fh o i lseochad h U
d'fh o i l seofaf
1sg d'fh o i l seocha i n n , 3sg d'fh o ilseochad h se, siad etc. u

1pl d'fh o i l seod h mu id C
a n a i m s i r g h nath c h a ite t h e i m pe rfect tense

d'fhoi lsfnn n f fh o i l sfo d h
d'fh o i l sftea a n bhfo i l siod h ?
d'fh o i l sfod h se/sf g o bhfo i l siod h
d'fh o i l sf m i s nach bhfo i l sfod h
d'fho i l sfod h s i b h
d'fh o i l sfdfs
d'fh o i l sfti
1pl d'fh o i l siodh m u i d C , 3pl d'fh o i l siod h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m foi l s i u etc. u
a n mod h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach l a ith reach

t h e i m perative mood the p resent s u bj u n ctive
fo i l sfm go bhfo i l si m e
fo i l s i g h g o bhfo i lsi tu
fo i l sfod h se/sf g o bhfo i l sf se/sf
fo i l sfm i s go bhfo i lsim i d
foi l sfg f g o bhfo i lsf s i b h
foi l sfdfs g o bhfo i l s f siad
foi l sftea r g o bhfo i l sftea r
na fo i l s i g h n a r fh o i lsf
3pl foi lsio d h s i a d U 1pl go bhfo i l si m u id CU
109
VERB TABLES
51 freagair a n swe r freagairt freaga rtha

d 'fh rea g a i r m e n fo r fh rea g a i r
d'fh reagai r tu a r f h reaga i r?
d'fh rea g a i r se/sf g u r fh reag a i r
d 'fh reag rafo m a r n a r fh reaga i r
d 'fh rea g a i r s i b h nfor freag rafod h
d'fh rea g a i r siad a r freag rafod h ?
frea g rafo d h g u r/nar freag rafo d h
1sg d(h)'fh reag rafos, 2sg d (h)'fh reag rafs, 2pl d(h)'fh reag rafo b h a i r M
1pl d'fh rea g a i r mu id U C 3p/ d'fh rea g rafoda r MC
a n aimsir laithreach the p resent tense

freag rafm nf fh reag raio n n
freag rafo n n tu a n b hfreag rafo n n ?
frea g rafo n n se/sf g o b hfreag rafo n n
frea g rafm id n a c h bhfreag rafo n n
freag rafo n n s i b h
freag rafo n n siad
freag raftea r
1pl freag ra fo n n m u id C 3p/ freag rafd (siad) M

freag ra i m , frea g ra n n se, mu id etc. U
a n a i m s i r fha i sti neach the futu re tense

frea g r6 i d h m e n f fh rea g r6 i d h
frea g r6 i d h tu a n b hfrea g r6 i d h ?
frea g r6 i d h se/sf g o bhfreag r6i d h
freag r6 i m i d n a c h bhfreag r6 i d h
frea g r6 i d h s i b h
frea g r6 i d h siad freag r6 c h a i d h U
freag r6fa r
1sg freag r6d , 2sg freag r6 i r M

freag r6ch a i d h me/m u id etc. u 1p/ frea g r6 i d h m u id c
110
VERB TABLES
51 freagair a n swe r freagairt freagartha

a n m o d h coi n nio l lach the c o n d itio n a l mood
d'fh rea g r6 i n n n i fh reag r6d h
d 'fh reag r6fa a n b hfrea g r6 d h ?
d'fh rea g r6d h se/si g o bhfreag r6 d h
d 'fh reag r6 i m i s nach b hfrea g r6d h
d 'fh reag r6d h s i b h
d 'fh rea g r6 i d is d 'fh reag r6c h a d h U
d 'fh reag r6fai
isg d'fh reag r6c h a i n n , 3sg d'fh reag r6chadh se etc. u

ipl d'fh rea g r6dh mu id C 3pl d'fh reag r6chad h siad U
an a i m s i r g h nathcha ite the i m pe rfect tense

d 'fh rea g rain n n i fh reag raiod h
d 'fh reag raitea a n bhfreag raiod h ?
d 'fh reag raio d h se/si g o bhfreag raio d h
d 'fh reag raimis nach bhfreag raio d h
d 'fh reagraio d h sibh
d 'fh reag raidis
d 'fh reag raiti
ipl d'fh reag raiod h m u id C 3pl d'fh reag raio d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m freag ai rt etc. U
an m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteac h l a i t h reach

freag raim go b hfreag rai me
frea g a i r go b hfreag ra i t u
freag raio d h se/si g o b hfreagrai se/si
frea g raimis go bhfrea g raim i d
freag raig i g o b hfreagrai s i b h
freag raidis g o b hfreagrai siad
freag raitear g o bhfrea g raitear
na frea g a i r n a r fh reag rai
3pl freagraio d h s i a d U ipl g o bhfreag rai m u i d CU
111
VERB TABLES
52 freastai l atte n d freasta l freasta lta

d'fh reasta i l m e n fo r f h reasta i l
d'fh reasta i l t u a r fh reasta i l ?
d'fh reasta i l se/sf g u r fh reasta i l
d'fh reasta lafo m a r n a r f h reasta i l
d'fh reasta i l s i b h nfor freasta l afod h
d'fh reasta i l siad a r freasta lafod h ?
freasta lafod h g u r/nar freasta l afod h
isg d (h)'fh reasta lafos. 2sg d ( h)'fh reasta lafs, 2p/ d (h)'fhreastalafo b h a i r M
ipl d'fh reasta i l mu id U C 3p/ d'fh reastalafodar MC
a n a i m s i r l a it h reach the p resent tense

freasta lafm n f fh reasta l a fo n n
freasta l a fo n n tu a n b hfreasta l a fo n n ?
freasta lafo n n se/sf g o bhfreasta lafo n n
freasta lafmid n a c h b hfreasta lafo n n
freasta l a fo n n sibh
freasta lafo n n siad
freasta laftea r
ipl freastalafo n n m u i d U C 3p/ freastalafd (siad) M

freasta l a i m . freasta l a n n se, mu id etc. U rel. a fh reastralafos
an a i m s i r fh a i st i n each t h e futu re tense

freasta l 6 i d h m e n f fh reasta l 6 i d h
freasta l 6 i d h tu a n bhfreasta l 6 i d h ?
freasta l 6 i d h se/sf g o b hfreasta 1 6 i d h
freasta l 6 i m i d nach b hfreasta l 6 i d h
freasta l 6 i d h s i b h
freasta l 6 i d h s i a d freasta l6chaid h U
freasta 1 6fa r
isg freasta 16d , 2sg freasta l 6 i r M freastal6chaidh me/m u id etc. U

ipl freasta l 6 i d h m u id c rel. a fh reasta1 6s/a fh reasta 16chas
112
VERB TABLES
52 freastai l atte n d freasta l freasta lta

a n m o d h coi n n io l lach the c o n d itional m ood
d 'fh reasta l 6 i n n n f fh reasta 1 6 d h
d 'fh reasta 1 6fa a n b hfreasta l 6d h ?
d'fh reasta l 6 d h se/sf g o bhfreasta l 6 d h
d'fh reasta l 6 i m i s nach b hfreasta l 6 d h
d'fh reasta l 6 d h s i b h
d'fh reasta l 6 i d fs d'fh reasta 1 6c h a d h U
d 'fh reasta l 6faf
1sg d'fh reastal6cha i n n , 3sg d'fh reasta16chadh se, siad etc. u

1pl d'fhreastal6dh mu id c

d 'fh reasta l a f n n n f fh reasta lafod h
d 'fh reasta laftea a n b hfreasta lafod h ?
d 'fh reasta l aiod h se/sf g o bhfreasta lafod h
d 'fh reasta lafmis nach b hfreasta lafod h
d 'fh reasta laiod h s i b h
d 'fh reasta laidfs
d'fh reasta laftf
1pl d'fhreastalafodh m u id C 3pl d'fhreasta laiod h siad U

Ba g h nach liom freasta l etc. u
a n m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach laithreach

freasta lafm go b hfreasta laf me
freasta i l go b hfreasta laf tu
freasta lafo d h se/sf g o b hfreasta laf se/sf
freasta lafmis g o b hfreasta lafm id
freasta lafgf g o b hfreasta laf sibh
freasta lafd is g o bhfreasta laf siad
freasta laftea r g o b hfreasta laftea r
na freasta i l n a r fh reasta laf
3p/ freasta laiodh siad U 1pl go bhfreasta lai m u id UC
113
VERB TABLES
53 g ei l l yi e l d geil l ead h g e i l lte

g h e i l l me n io r g h e i l l
gheill tu ar gheill?
g h e i l l se/si gurgheill
g he i l l e a m a r nargheill
gheill sibh nior g e i l lead h
g_
= h e_i_ l I s_
_____ia
_
_d
___ a r g e i l l ea d h ?
g e i l l ead h g u r/n a r g e i l l ea d h
1sg (do) g h e i l leas, 2sg (do) g h e i l l is, 2p/ (do) g h e i l leabhair M

1pl g h e i l l m u id cu 3pl (do) g h e i l leadar MC
a n aimsir laith reach t h e p resent tense

geillim n i g he i l l ea n n
g e i l l ea n n tu a n n g ei l l ea n n ?
g e i l l e a n n se/si g o n g e i l l ea n n
g ei l l i m i d nach n g e i l l e a n n
geilleann sibh
geilleann siad
g e i l ltear
1pl geil leann m u id cu 3p/ g e i l l i d (siad) M rel. a g h e i l leas

g e i l l fi d h me ni g h e i l l fi d h
g e i l l fi d h tu a n n g ei l lfi d h ?
g e i l l fi d h se/si g o n g e i l l fi d h
g e i l l fi m id nach n g e i l l fi d h
g e i l l fi d h s i b h
g e i l l fi d h s i a d
g e i l lfear
1sg geil lfead, 2sg g e i l l fi r M gei l lfidh m u id cu rel. a g h e i l lfeas
114
VERB TABLES
53 g ei l l yi e l d geil l ead h g e i l lte

a n m o d h coi n n io l l ac h t h e conditional mood
g h e i l lfi n n n i g h e i l lfead h
g h e i l lfea a n n g e i l lfea d h ?
g h e i l lfea d h se/si g o n g e i l lfead h
g h e i l l fi m i s nach n g e i l lfead h
g h e i l lfead h s i b h
g h e i l lfi d is
g h e i l lfi
1pl g h e i l lfead h m u i d ( Jp/ g h e i l lfead h siad u

gheillinn n i g h e i l leadh
g h e i l ltea a n n g e i l l ead h ?
g h e i l leadh se/si g o n g e i l leadh
gheillimis nach n g e i l l ea d h
g h e i l leadh s i b h
g h e i l l i d is
g he i l lti
1pl g h e i l leadh m u i d C 3p/ g h e i l lead h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m g e i l l stea n u
an modh o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach l a it h reach

t h e i m pe rative mood the p resent s u bj u n ctive
geillim g o n g ei l l e m e
g ei l l g o n g ei l l e tu
g e i l leadh se/si g o n g e i l l e se/si
g ei l l i m i s go n g ei l l i m i d
geilligi go ngei lle s i b h
g ei l l i d is g o n g ei l l e siad
g e i l ltea r g o n g e i l ltea r
n a g ei l l nar g heille
3pl g e i l leadh siad U 1pl g o n g e i l l e m u i d CU
115
VERB TABLES
54 g la n c l ea n g la n ad h g l a nta
an a i m s i r c h a ite the past tense
ghlan me n fo r g h l a n
g h l a n tu a r g h lan?
g h l a n se/sf g u r g h la n
g hlanamar n a r g h la n
ghlan sibh n fo r g la n a d h
g_
= h_l a_n_ i a_
s_
___
d
______
a r g lanad h ?
g lanadh g u r/n a r g l a n a d h
1sg (do) g h lanas, 2sg (do) g h lanais, 2pl (do) g h la n a b h a i r M

1pl g h l a n mu id CU 3pl (d o) g h lanadar MC

g lanaim nf ghlanann
g la n a n n tu an nglanann?
g la n a n n se/sf go nglanann
g la n a i m i d nach nglanann
g la n a n n s i b h
g la n a n n s i a d
g lantar
1pl g l a n a n n m u i d CU 3pl g lanaid (siad) M rel. a g h lanas

g lanfa i d h m e n f g h l a nfa i d h
g lanfa i d h tu a n n g lanfa i d h ?
g la nfai d h se/sf g o n g l a nfa i d h
g l anfa i m i d n a c h n g l a nfai d h
g la nfa i d h s i b h
g l a nfa i d h siad
g l a nfa r
isg g l a nfad , 2sg g l a nfai r M g l a nfa i d h m u id CU rel. a g h l a nfas
116
VERB TABLES
54 g la n c l ea n g la n ad h g l a nta
a n mod h coi n n io l l ach t h e conditional mood
g h lanfa i n n n f g h l a nfad h
g h l a nfa a n n g l a nfad h ?
g h l a nfad h se/sf g o n g l a nfad h
g h lanfa i m i s nach n g l a nfad h
g h la nfad h s i b h
g h l a nfa i d fs
g h la nfaf
ipl g h l a nfad h m u id C 3pl g h l a nfad h siad U
an a i m s i r g h n at h c h aite the i m pe rfect tense

ghlanainn nf g h lanadh
g h la nta a n n g l a n ad h ?
g h l a n a d h se/sf go nglanadh
gh lanaimis nach n g l a n a d h
g hlanadh sibh
g h l a n a i d fs
g h l a ntaf
i p l g h lanadh m u i d C 3pl g h la n a d h s i a d U
Ba g h nach l i o m g la n a d h etc. u
a n mod h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach l a it h reach

g la n a i m go nglana me
glan g o n g l a n a tu
g l a n a d h se/sf g o n g l a n a se/sf
g lanaimis go n g l a n a i m i d
g la n a i g f go nglana sibh
g la n a i d fs g o n g l a n a siad
g lantar g o n g l a ntar
na g l a n n a r g h la n a
3pl g la n a d h siad U i p l g o n g l a n a m u id CU
117
VERB TABLES
ss g o i rtig h p i c k l e goirti u g o i rtithe

g h o i rtig h m e n io r g h o i rti g h
g h o i rtig h t u a r g h o i rti g h ?
g h o i rtig h se/si g u r g ho i rti g h
g h o i rtio m a r n a r g h o i rti g h
g h o i rt i g h s i b h n io r g o i rtio d h
g_
= h_o i_rt i g�h_s_ia_d____ a r g o i rtfod h ?
� ___
_
g o i rtio d h g u r/nar g o i rtio d h
1sg (do) g h o i rtfos, 2sg (do) g h o i rtfs , 2pl (do) g h o i rtfo b h a i r M

1pl g h o i rti g h mu id UC 3pl g h o i rtfoda r MC

g o i rtim n i g h o i rtio n n
g o i rtio n n tu a n n g o i rtfo n n ?
g o i rtio n n se/si g o n g o i rtio n n
g o i rtim i d n a c h n g o i rtio n n
g o i rtio n n s i b h
g o i rtio n n s i a d
g o i rtitear
1 p l g o i rtio n n m u id C 3pl goi rtid (siad) M

g o i rti m , g o i rtea n n se/m u i d u rel. a g h o i rtios

g o i rteo i d h m e n i g h o i rteo i d h
g o i rteo i d h tu a n n g o i rteo i d h ?
g o i rteo i d h se/si g o n g o i rteo i d h
g o i rteo i m i d nach n g o i rteo i d h
g o i rteo i d h s i b h
g o i rteo i d h siad g o i rteoc h a i d h U
g o i rteofa r
1sg g o i rteo d , 2sg g o i rteoi r M 1pl g o i rteo i d h mu id C

g o i rteochaidh m e/mu id etc. u rel. a g h o i rteos/a g h o i rteochas
118
VERB TABLES
55 g o i rtig h p i c k l e goirti u g o i rtithe

a n mod h coi n n io l l ach t h e cond iti o n a l mood
g h o i rteo i n n n i g h o i rteo d h
g h oi rteofa a n n g o i rteod h ?
g h o i rteo d h se/si g o n g o i rteod h
g h o i rteo i m i s nach n g o i rteo d h
g h o i rteo d h s i b h
g h o i rteo i d is g h o i rteoc h a d h U
g h o i rteofai
1sg g h o i rteochai n n , 3sg g h o i rteochad h se, siad etc. u

1pl g h o i rteo d h mu id C

g h o i rtin n n i g h o i rtio d h
g h o i rtitea a n n g o i rtiod h ?
g h o i rtio d h se/si g o n g o i rtiod h
g h o i rtim i s nach n g o i rtio d h
g h o i rtio d h s i b h
g h o i rtidis
g h o i rtiti
1 p l g h o i rtio d h m u id C, 3pl g h o i rtio d h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m g o i rtiu etc. u
an m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach l a it h reach

g o i rtim go n g o i rti m e
g o i rtig h g o n g o i rti tu
g o i rtio d h se/si g o n g o i rti se/si
g o i rtim i s g o n g o i rtim i d
g o i rtig i g o n g o i rti s i b h
g o i rtid is g o n g o i rti siad
g o i rtitea r g o n g o i rtitea r
na g o i rt i g h n a r g ho i rti
3 p l goi rtio d h siad U 1pl g o ngoi rti m u id CU
119
VERB TABLES
56 g o rtaig h h u rt g o rtu g o rtaithe

g h o rta i g h me n fo r g ho rta i g h
g h o rta i g h tu a r g h o rta i g h ?
g h o rta i g h se/sf g u r g h o rta i g h
g h o rtaio m a r n a r g h o rta i g h
g h o rta i g h s i b h n fo r g o rtaio d h
g h orta i g h s i a d a r g o rtaiod h ?
g o rtaiod h g u r/na r g o rtaiod h
1sg (do) g h o rtafos. 2sg (do) g h o rtafs, 2pl (do) g h o rtafo b h a i r M

1pl g h o rtai g h m u i ci UC 3pl g h o rtafodar MC

g o rtafm n f g h o rtafo n n
g o rtaio n n tu a n n g o rtafo n n ?
g o rtaio n n se/si g o n g o rtaio n n
g o rtafm i d n a c h n g o rtafo n n
g o rtaio n n s i b h
g o rtafo n n s i a d
g o rtaftear
1pl g o rtafo n n m u i d C 3pl g ortafd (siad) M

g o rta i m , gorta n n se/m u i d u re/. a g h o rtafos
a n a i m s i r fhaist i n each the fut u re tense

g o rt6 i d h m e n f g h o rt6 i d h
g o rt6i d h tu a n n g o rt6 i d h ?
g o rt6 i d h se/sf g o n g ort6 i d h
g o rt6 i m i d n a c h n g o rt6i d h
g o rt6 i d h s i b h
g o rt6 i d h s i a d g o rt6c h a i d h U
g o rt6fa r
1sg gort6d , 2sg gort6i r M 1pl gort6i d h m u id C

g o rt6c h a i d h me/m u id etc. U rel. a g h o rt6s/a g ho rt6chas
Il !
120
VERB TABLES
56 g o rtaig h h u rt g o rtu g o rtaithe

a n m o d h coin n io l lach the conditional mood
g h o rt6i n n n i g h o rt6d h
g h o rt6fa a n n g o rt6d h ?
g h o rt6d h se/si g o n g o rt6d h
g hort6 i m i s nach n g o rt6d h
g ho rt6d h s i b h
g h o rt6 i d is g h o rt6ch a d h u
g h o rt6fai
isg g h o rt6cha i n n , 3sg g h o rt6chad h se/siad etc. u

ipl g h o rt6d h mu id C
a n a i m s i r g h nat h c h a ite the i m pe rfect tense

g h o rtai n n n i g h o rtaiod h
g h o rtaitea a n n g o rtaiod h ?
g h o rtaiod h se/si g o n g o rtaio d h
g h o rtaim i s nach n g o rtaio d h
g h o rtaiod h s i b h
g h o rtaid is
g h o rtaiti
ipl g h o rtafodh m u id C 3pl g h o rtafo d h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m g o rtu etc. u
an m o d h o rdaitheach an fos h u iteac h laith reach

g o rtaim g o n g o rtaf me
g o rta i g h go n g o rtai tu
g o rtaio d h se/si g o n g o rtai se/si
g o rtaim i s go n g o rtaim i d
g o rtaig f g o n g o rtai s i b h
g o rtaid is g o n g o rtai s i a d
g ortaitear g o n g ortaitear
na g o rta i g h n a r g ho rtai
3pl g ortafo d h s i a d U ipl g o n g o rtaf m u i d CU
121
VERB TABLES
57 iarr a s k ia rraid h ia rrtha

d'iarr m e nior iarr
d ' i a r r tu a r ia rr?
d'iarr se/sf g u r iarr
d'iarra m a r n a r iarr
d'iarr s i b h nfor ia rrad h/nfo r h i .
d'iarrsiad a r iarra d h ?
i a rrad h/hia rra d h g u r/nar ia rra d h
isg d(h)'ia rras, 2sg d(h)'iarra i s , 2p/ d(h)'iarra b h a i r M

ipl d'iarr mu id CU 3pl d'ia rradar MC out. h i a rrad h MCU
a n a i m s i r laith reach the p rese nt tense

iarra i m n f iarra n n
iarra n n t u a n iarra n n ?
iarra n n se/si g o n-iarra n n
iarra i m i d nach n-iarra n n
iarra n n s i b h
iarra n n s i a d
ia rrta r
ipl iarra n n m u id CU 3pl iarraid (siad) M re/. a i arras

i a rrfa i d h m e n f ia rrfa i d h
i a rrfa i d h tu a n ia rrfa i d h ?
i a rrfa i d h se/sf g o n-ia rrfa i d h
i a rrfa i m i d n a c h n-ia rrfa i d h
i a rrfa i d h s i b h
i a rrfa i d h siad
i a rrfa r
isg ia rrfa d , 2sg ia rrfa i r M ia rrfa i d h m u id CU rel. a ia rrfas
122
VERB TABLES
57 iarr a s k iarraid h ia rrtha

a n m o d h coi n n iol lach the cond itio n a l mood
d'iarrfa i n n n io r ia rrfa d h
d'iarrfa t u a n ia rrfa d h ?
d'ia rrfa d h se/si g o n-ia rrfa d h
d'ia rrfa i m i s nach n-ia rrfa d h
d'iarrfad h s i b h
d'ia rrfadis
iarrafai
1pl d'ia rrfa d h m u id CU 3pl d'iarrfad h s i a d h U
an a i m s i r g h n at h c h aite t h e i m pe rfect tense

d'iarra i n n n i i a rrad h
d'ia rrta a n iarra d h ?
d'ia rra d h se/si g o n-iarra d h
d'iarra i m i s n a c h n-ia rra d h
d'iarra d h s i b h
d'ia rra i d is
d'ia rrtai
1 p l d'ia rradh m u id C 3pl d'ia rrad h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m iarra i d h etc. U
an m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteac h l a it h reach

iarra i m go n-ia rra me
iarr go n-ia rra tu
iarra i d h se/si g o n-ia rra se/si
i a rrfa i m i s go n-iarra i m i d
iarra i g i g o n-ia rra s i b h
ia rra i d is g o n-ia rra siad
ia rrta r g o n-ia rrta r
na h i a rr n a r ia rra
3pl iarra d h siad U 1pl go n-ia rra mu id CU
123
VERB TABLES
58 i m i g h l eave , go off i m eacht i m ithe

d'i m i g h m e n fo r i m i g h
d'i m i g h t u ar imigh?
d'i m i g h se/sf gur imigh
d'imfomar nar imigh
d'i m i g h s i b h nfor i m fod h/nfor h i m fo d h
d' i m i g h s ia d a r i m fod h ?
__��___ _________
i m fod h/h i m fod h g u r/nar i m fod h
1sg d (h)'i m fos, 2sg d(h)'i mfs, 2pl d(h)'i m fo b h a i r M

1pl d'i m i g h mu id UC 3pl d'i mfodar MC aut. h i mfod h MCU

i m fm n f i m fo n n
i m fon n tu a n i mfo n n ?
i m fo n n se/sf g o n-i m fo n n
i m fm i d n a c h n-i m fo n n
11 i m fo n n s i b h
i m fo n n siad
i m ftea r
ipl i m fo n n m u id C JPI i m fd (siad) M

i m i m , i m e a n n se, mu id etc. U rel. a i m fos

imeoidh m e n f i meo i d h
i m eoid h tu a n i m eoid h ?
i m e o i d h se/sf g o n-i m eo i d h
i m eo i m i d n a c h n-i meoid h
imeoidh sibh
imeoidh siad i m eoc h a i d h U
i m eofa r
1sg imeod, 2sg i meoir M i meoch a i d h me, mu id etc. U

1pl i m e o i d h mu id C rel. a i meos/a i meochas
124
VERB TABLES
58 i m ig h l eave , go off i m eacht i m ithe

a n mod h coi n n io l lach t h e co n d itional mood
d ' i m eo i n n n f i meod h
d ' i meofa a n i m eod h ?
d'imeodh se/sf g o n-i meod h
d ' i m eo i m i s nach n-i m e o d h
d'imeodh s i b h
d'imeoidfs d ' i m eochadh U
d ' i meofaf
1sg d'i meocha i n n , 3sg d'imeochad h se, siad etc. u

1p/ d'imeodh mu id C

d ' i m fn n n f i m io d h
d ' i m itea a n i m fod h ?
d ' i m io d h se/si g o n-i m io d h
d'imimis nach n-i m iod h
d'i m fo d h s i b h
d ' i m id is
d'i m fti
1p/ d'i m fodh mu id C 3p/ d'i m fo d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m i meacht etc. U
an m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteac h laith reach

i m im g o n-i m i m e
imigh g o n-i m i tu
i m fo d h se/sf g o n-i m f se/sf
imfmis g o n-i m f m i d
i m ig i g o n-i m i s i b h
i m fd fs g o n-i m f s i a d
i m ftea r g o n-i m ftea r
na h i m i g h nar imi
3p/ i m iod h siad U 1p/ g o n-i m f m u i d C U
125
VERB TABLES
59 i m i r p l ay i m i rt i m ea rtha
d'i m i r m e n fo r i m i r
d'i m i r tu a r i m i r?
d 'i m i r se/sf gur imir
d'i m rfo m a r na r i m i r
d'i m i r s i b h nfor i m rfod h/nfo r h i m rfod h
d'i m i r siad a r i m rfod h ?
i m rfod h/h i m rfod h g u r/nar i m rfod h
1sg d(h)'im rfos, 2sg d (h)'i m rfs , 2pl d(h)'i m rfo b h a i r M

1pl d'i m i r mu id UC3pl d'i m rfodar M C aut. h i m rfod h MCU

i m rfm n f i m rfo n n
i m rfo n n tu a n i m rfo n n ?
i m rfo n n se/sf g o n-i m rfo n n
i m rf m i d nach n-i m rfo n n
i m rfo n n s i b h
i m rfo n n s i a d
i m rftea r
1pl i m rfon n m u id C 3pl i m rfd (siad) M

i m ri m , i m rea n n se, mu id etc. U rel. a i m rfos/a i m reas
a n a i m s i r fh aisti neach the futu re tense

i m reoid h m e n f i m reoi d h
i m reoid h tu a n i m reoi d h ?
i m reoi d h se/sf g o n-i m reo i d h
i m reo i m i d n a c h n-i m reo i d h
i m reoid h s i b h
i m reoid h siad i m reochaid h/i meora i d h U
i m reofa r
1sg i m reod , 2sg i m reoi r M 1pl i m reoidh mu id c

i m reocha i d h me, mu id etc. (var. i m eo ra i d h) U rel. a i m reos/a i m reochas
126
VERB TABLES
59 i m i r p l ay i m i rt imeartha
a n mod h coi n n io l l ac h the co n d it i o n a l mood
d'i m reo i n n n f i m reodh
d ' i m reofa a n i m reod h ?
d ' i m reod h se/sf g o n-i m reod h
d'i m reo i m i s nach n-i m reod h
d'i m reod h s i b h
d'i m reo i d fs d 'i m reochad h/d ' i m eo ra d h U
d'i m reofaf
1sg d ' i m reocha i n n , 3sg d ' i m reochadh se. Siad etc.

(var. d'imeora i n n , d 'i m reora d h) U 1p/ d 'i m reodh mu id C
a n a i m s i r g h nat h c h a ite t h e i m pe rfect tense

d'i m rfnn n f i m rfod h
d ' i m rftea a n i m rfod h ?
d'i m rfod h se/sf g o n-i m rfod h
d'i m rf m i s nach n-i m rfod h
d'i m rfod h s i b h
d ' i m rfdfs
d ' i m rftf
1p/ d'i m rfod h m u id C 3p/ d 'i m rfod h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m i m i rt etc. U

t h e i m pe rative mood the p resent s u bj u n ctive
i m rfm g o n-i m rf m e
imir g o n-i m rf tu
i m rfod h se/sf g o n-i m rf se/sf
i m rf m i s go n-i m rf m i d
i m rfg f g o n-i m rf s i b h
i m rfd fs g o n-i m rf siad
i m rftear g o n-im rftear
na h i m i r na r i m rf
3pl i m rfod h siad U 1p/ go n-i m rf m u id CU
127
VERB TABLES
60 i n is te l l i n si nt/i n se i n ste
d'i n i s m e n io r in is
d'i n i s tu a r in i s ?
d'inis se/si gur i nis
d ' i n sfo m a r nar i nis
d'i n i s s i b h n io r i n siod h/nior h i n siod h
d'i n i s s i a d a r i n siod h ?
i n siod h/h i n siod h g u r/nar i n siod h
1sg (do) n iseas. 2sg (do) nisis, 3 (do) nis se etc. 2pl (do) nisea bhair, 3pl (do) niseadar M
1pl d'i nis mu id U C Jp/ d'insfodar. out h i n sfod h C; d'ins me etc . , out. hi nsead h U

i n sim n i i nsio n n
i nsio n n tu a n i n s io n n ?
i n sio n n se/si g o n-insio n n
i nsim i d n a c h n-insio n n
i nsio n n s i b h
i n sio n n s i a d n isea n n M
i n sitear
1pl insfonn mu id C nisi m , niseann tu/se, nisimid, nisid (siad) M insi m , i n sea nn se, m u id
etc. U rel. a insfos/a i nseas
an a i m s i r fhaisti neach t h e fut u re tense

i n seo i d h m e n i i nseo i d h
i nseo i d h tu a n i n s eo i d h ?
i nseoi d h se/si g o n-i n seoi d h
i n seo i m i d nach n-inseo i d h
i nseoid h s i b h i n seoc h a i d h U
i n seo i d h siad neosa i d h M
i n seofa r
1sg neosad , neosfa i r, neosaidh se. neosa i m i d etc. M inseochai d h me, m u id etc. U
1pl in seoidh mu id C rel. a inseos/a i n seochas
128
VERB TABLES
60 i n i s te l l i n si nt/i nse i n ste

a n modh coi n nio l lach the co n d itio n a l mood
d'i nseo i n n n i i nseo d h
d ' i n seofa a n i n seod h ?
d ' i n seod h se/si g o n-inseo d h
d'i nseo i m i s n a c h n-i nseodh
d ' i n seod h s i b h d'i nseochad h U
d ' i n seoidis neosa d h M
d ' i n seofai
neosa i n n , neosfa , neosadh se, neosa i m i s etc. M

1sg d'inseochai n n , d'inseochadh se/siad etc. u !pl d'inseod h mu id c
an a i m s i r g h nathc h a ite the i m pe rfect tense

d'i n sin n n i i n siod h
d ' i nsitea a n i n s io d h ?
d ' i n siod h se/si g o n-i n siod h
d'insimis nach n-in siod h
d ' i nsiod h sibh
d ' i nsidis n i sead h M
d ' i nsiti
n i si n n , n i stea, n i sead h se, n i s i m i s , n i s idfs M 1pl d'insfo d h mu id C

3pl d'insfod h siad U Ba g h nach l i o m i n se etc. U

the i m perative mood t h e p resent s u bj u n ctive
i n sim g o n-insi m e
in i s g o n-i nsi tu
i n siod h se/si g o n-insi se/si
i nsim i s go n-i n sim i d
i n sig i g o n-insi s i b h
i nsidis g o n - i n s i siad
i nsitear g o n-insitea r
na h i n is n a r i nsi
n i s i m , n i s M 3pl i n sfod h siad U 1pl g o n-insf muid CU g o n i se M
129
VERB TAB L E S
61 iom pa i r ca rry iompar i o m pa rtha

d'iompair me n fo r i o m p a i r
d'io m pa i r tu a r i o m p a i r?
d ' i o m p a i r se/si g u r iompair
d'io m p raio m a r nar iompair
d ' i o m pa i r s i b h n i o r i o m p raiod h/nior h i .
d'iompair siad a r i o m p rafod h ?
i o m p raiodh/h i o m p raio d h g u r/nar i o m p rafo d h
isg d(h)'i o m p rafos, 2sg d ( h)' i o m p rafs, 2pl d(h)'i o m p rafo b h a i r M

ipl d'iompair mu id UC 3pl d'iom p rafoda r MC aut. h i o m p raiod h MCU

i o m p rafm n i i o m p ra io n n
i o m p rafo n n tu a n i o m praio n n ?
i o m p rafo n n se/sf g o n-i o m p raio n n
i o m p raimid n a c h n-i o m p raio n n
i o m p raio n n sibh
i o m p raio n n siad
i o m p raitear
ipl i o m p ra fo n n m u id C 3pl i o m p raid (siad) M

i o m p ra i m , i o m p ra n n se, mu id etc. U rel. a i o m p rafos/a i o m p ras
a n a i m s i r fhaisti neach t h e futu re te n se

i o m p r6 i d h m e n i i o m p r6 i d h
i o m p r6 i d h tu a n i o m p r6 i d h ?
iom p r6 i d h se/si g o n-io m p r6 i d h
i o m p r6 i m i d nach n-io m p r6i d h
i o m p r6 i d h s i b h
i o m p r6 i d h s i a d i o m p r6 c h a i d h U
i o m p r6fa r
isg io m p r6d , 2sg i o m pr6 i r M ip/ iom pr6id h mu id C iom pr6c h a i d h me/mu id etc. U
rel . a i o m p r6s/a i o m p r6chas
I 130
I
VERB TAB L E S
61 iompair ca rry i o m pa r iom pa rtha

a n mod h coi n n io l lach the co n d itio n a l mood
d'io m p r6 i n n n f i o m p r6d h
d ' i o m p r6fa an i o m p r6d h ?
d'io m p r6 d h se/sf g o n-io m p r6 d h
d ' i o m p r6i m i s nach n-i o m p r6 d h
d ' i o m p r6 d h s i b h
d ' i o m p r6 i d fs d'io m p r6 c h a d h U
d'i o m p r6faf
1sg d'iompr6chai n n , 3sg d'iom p r6chadh se. siad etc. u

1pl d'iompr6dh mu id C
a n a i m s i r g h nath c h a ite the i m pe rfect tense

d ' i o m p rafn n n f i o m p rafo d h
d'i o m p raftea a n i o m p rafod h ?
d'i o m p rafod h se/sf g o n-i o m p rafo d h
d ' i o m p rafm is nach n-i o m p rafod h
d'io m p rafo d h sibh
d'i o m p rafdfs
d'i o m p raftf
1pl d'iom prafo d h mu id C 3pl d'io m p raiod h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m i o m pa r etc. u
an mod h o rdaitheachthe a n fos h u iteach laith reach

i o m p rafm go n-i o m p raf me
iompair g o n-io m p raf tu
i o m p rafod h se/sf g o n-i o m p raf se/sf
i o m p rafm i s g o n-io m p rafm i d
i o m p rafgf g o n-i o m p raf s i b h
i o m p rafdfs g o n-io m p raf s i a d
i o m p raftea r g o n-i o m p raftear
na h i o m pa i r n a r i o m p raf
3pl i o m p raiod h s i a d U 1pl g o n-i o m p rai m u id CU
131
VERB TABLES
62 ionsaig h atta c k ionsai ionsaithe

d ' i o n sa i g h me n fo r ionsaig h
d ' i o n sa i g h tu ar ionsaig h ?
d ' i o n sa i g h se/sf g u r ionsaigh
d'ionsafo m a r n a r i o n sa i g h
d'ionsa i g h s i b h n f o r i o n safod h/nfo r h i .
d ' i o n sa i g h s i a d a r i o n safo d h ?
i o n safod h/h i o n safod h g u r/nar i o n safod h
1sg d (h)'ionsafos, 2sg d (h)'ionsafs, 2pl d(h)'ionsafo b h a i r M

1pl d'ionsa i g h mu id UCJPI d'ionsafodar MC aut. h i onsafod h MCU
a n a i m s i r l a ith reach t h e p resent tense

i o n safm n f i o n safo n n
i o n safo n n tu a n i o nsafo n n ?
i o n safo n n se/sf g o n-io n safo n n
i o n safm i d n a c h n-ionsafo n n
i o n safo n n s i b h
i o n safo n n siad
i o n saftear
1pl io nsafo n n m u id C 3pl ionsafd (siad) M

i o n sa i m , ionsann se/m u i d etc. U rel. a i o n safos

ions6id h m e n f i o n s6 i d h
ions6id h tu a n ions6id h ?
i o n s 6 i d h se/sf g o n-ions6id h
i o n s6 i m i d nach n-ions6 i d h
ions6idh sibh
i o n s6 i d h s i a d ions6c h a i d h U
i o n s6fa r
1sg i ons6d , 2sg ions6ir M 1pl ions6idh mu id C

i ons6cha i d h me/mu id etc. u rel. a i o ns6s/a i o n s6chas
132
VERB TABLES
62 ionsaig h atta c k ionsai ionsaithe

a n mod h coi n n io l lach t h e cond itio n a l mood
d'ions6 i n n n i i o n s6d h
d'ion s6fa an i o n s6d h ?
d'ions6d h se/si g o n-ions6 d h
d'ions6 i m i s n a c h n-ions6dh
d'ions6d h s i b h
d'ions6idis d'ions6c h a d h U
d'ion s6fai
isg d'io ns6chai n n , 3sg d'ions6chadh se/siad etc. u

ipl d'ions6dh mu id c

d'ionsain n n i i o n saio d h
d'ion saitea a n i o n saiod h ?
d ' i o n saio d h se/si g o n-ionsaiod h
d ' i o n saim is nach n-ionsaio d h
d'ionsaio d h sibh
d ' i o n saidis
d'ion saiti
i p l d'ionsaiod h m u id C 3pl d'ionsaiod h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m ionsai etc. u
an m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteac h laith reach

i o n saim g o n-ionsai me
ionsaig h go n-ionsai tu
i o n saio d h se/si g o n-ionsai se/si
i o nsaim i s go n-ionsaim id
i o n saigi g o n-ionsai sibh
i o n saidis g o n-ionsai siad
i o n saitear g o n-ion saitea r
na hionsaigh n a r i o n sai
3 p l ionsaiod h s i a d U ipl g o n-i o n sai m u id CU
133
VERB TABLES
63 ith eat ith e ite

d'ith me n fo r ith
d'ith tu ar ith?
d'ith se/sf g u r ith
d'ithea m a r n a r ith
d'ith sibh nior ithead h/nfo r h i t h ead h
d'ith siad a r ithead h ?
ithead h / h ithead h g u r/n a r itheadh
1sg d (h)'itheas, 2sg d (h)'it h i s , 2 p / d (h) i t h eabhai r M var. d ' u a i g h

'
1 p l d ' i t h m u i d CU 3 p / d'itheadar MC aut. h itheadh MCU

ith i m n f ithea n n
ithea n n tu a n ithea n n ?
ithea n n se/sf g o n-ithea n n
ith i m i d nach n-ithea n n
ithea n n s i b h
ithea n n siad
itea r
1pl ithea n n m u i d CU 3p/ i t h i d (siad) M dial. fosa n n , rel. a itheas

fosfa i d h m e n f fosfa i d h
fosfa i d h tu a n fosfa i d h ?
fosfa i d h se/sf g o n-fosfa i d h
fosfa i m i d n a c h n-fosfa i d h
fosfa i d h s i b h
iosfa i d h siad
fosfa r
1sg fosfad , 2sg fosfa i r M fosfa i d h m u i d CU re/. a fosfas
134
VERB TABLES
63 ith eat ithe ite

a n mod h coi n n io l l ach the co n d it i o n a l mood
d'fosfa i n n n f fosfa d h
d'fosfa a n fosfad h ?
d'fosfa d h se/sf g o n-fosfa d h
d'fosfa i m i s nach n-fosfa d h
d'fosfa d h s i b h
d 'fosfa i d fs
d'fosfaf
1pl d'fosfa d h m u i d C3p/ d'fosfa d h s i a d U
an a i m s i r g h nath c h a ite the i m pe rfect tense

d'ith i n n n f ithead h
d 'itea a n ithea d h ?
d'ithead h se/sf g o n-ithea d h
d'ith i m i s n a c h n-ith ead h
d'ithead h s i b h
d'ith i d fs
d'itf
1pl d'ithead h m u id C 3p/ d'ithead h s i a d , Ba g h nach l i o m ithe U
a n m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

ith i m go n-ithe m e
ith g o n-ith e tu
itheadh se/sf g o n-ithe se/sf
ith i m i s go n-ith i m id
ithigf go n-ithe s i b h
i t h i d fs go n-ithesiad
itear g o n-itea r
na h ith n a r ithe
3pl ithea d h siad u 1pl g o n-ithe m u i d CU
135
VERB TABLES
64 labhair s p ea k labhairt l a b h a rtha

labhai r me n fo r l a b h a i r
l a b h a i r tu a r l a b h a i r?
l a b h a i r se/sf gur labhair
l a b h rafo m a r nar labhair
labhair sibh n fo r l a b h rafod h/var. l a b h ra d h M U
labhair siad a r l a b h rafod h ?
l a b h rafo d h g u r/nar l a b h rafo d h
1sg (do) l a b h ras. 2sg (do) l a b h ra i s , 2 p l (do) l a b h ra b h a i r M

1pl l a b h a i r m u id U C 3pl do l a b h radar M l a b h rafod a r c

l a b h rafm n f l a b h rafo n n
l a b h rafo n n tu a n l a b h rafo n n ?
l a b h rafo n n se/sf g o l a b h rafo n n
l a b h rafm i d n a c h l a b h rafo n n
l a b h rafo n n s i b h
l a b h rafo n n s i a d l a b h ra n n U M
l a b h raftear
1pl l a b h rafo n n m u i d C 3pl l a b h rafd (siad) M

l a b h ra i m . l a b h ra n n se. m u id etc. U rel. a l a b h rafos/a l a b h ras
a n a i m s i r fhaist i n each t h e fut u re tense

l a b h r6 i d h m e n f l a b h r6 i d h
l a b h r6 i d h t u a n l a b h r6 i d h ?
l a b h r6 i d h se/sf g o l a b h r6 i d h
l a b h r6 i m i d n a c h l a b h r6 i d h
l a b h r6 i d h s i b h
l a b h r6 i d h siad l a b h a rfa i d h u
l a b h r6fa r
1sg l a b h r6 d , 2sg l a b h r6 i r M labharfa i d h me/ m u id etc. U

1pl l a b h r6 i d h m u i d C rel a l a b h r6s/a l a b h a rfas
.
136
VERB TABLES
64 labhair s p ea k labhairt labhartha

an m o d h coi n n io l l ach the conditional mood
l a b h r6 i n n n i l a b h r6 d h
l a b h r6fa a n l a b h r6d h ?
l a b h r6 d h se/si g o l a b h r6 d h
l a b h r6 i m i s nach l a b h r6 d h
l a b h r6 d h s i b h
l a b h r6 i d is l a b h a rfad h U
l a b h r6fai
1sg labharfa i n n , 2sg l a b h a rfa , 3sg l a b h a rfad h se, siad etc. u

1pl l a b h r6 d h m u id C
an a i m s i r g h n at h c h a ite the i m perfect tense

l a b h rainn n i l a b h rafo d h
l a b h raitea a n l a b h raio d h ?
l a b h raio d h se/sf g o l a b h raiod h
l a b h rafm i s nach l a b h raio d h
l a b h raio d h s i b h
l a b h raidis l a b h ra d h U
l a b h raiti
1pl l a b h raiod h mu id C 3pl l a b h ra d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m l a b h a i rt etc. U

l a b h raim go l a b h raf m e
labhair g o l a b h rai tu
l a b h raio d h se/si g o l a b h rai se/sf
l a b h rafm i s go l a b h raimid
l a b h raig i g o l a b h rai sibh
l a b h rafd is g o l a b h rai siad
l a b h raitea r g o l a b h raitea r
na l a b h a i r n a r l a b h rai
3 p l l a b h ra d h s i a d U 1pl g o l a b h rai m u i d CU
137
VERB TABLES
65 las l i g h t lasad h lasta

las me n fo r las
las tu a r las?
las se/sf g u r las
lasa m a r n a r las
las s i b h n fo r lasad h
las siad a r lasad h ?
lasad h g u r/nar lasad h
1sg (do) lasas, 2sg (do) lasa i s , 2p/ (do) lasa b h a i r M

1pl las mu id CU 3p/ (do) lasadar MC

lasa i m n f lasa n n
lasa n n tu a n lasa n n ?
lasa n n se/sf g o lasa n n
lasa i m i d nach lasa n n
lasa n n s i b h
lasa n n siad
las ta r
1pl lasann mu i d C U 3pl lasaid (siad) M re/. a lasas

l asfa i d h m e n f lasfa i d h
lasfa i d h tu a n lasfa i d l1 ?
l asfa i d h se/sf g o l asfa i d h
l asfa i m i d n a c h lasfa i d h
l asfa i d h s i b h
lasfa i d h siad
lasfa r
isg l a sfa d , 2sg lasfa i r M lasfa i d h mu i d CU rel. a lasfas
138
VE RB TABLES
6 5 las l i g h t lasad h lasta
an mod h coi n n io l lach the co n d itional mood

lasfa i n n n f lasfa d h
lasfa a n lasfa d h ?
l asfa d h se/sf g o lasfa d h
lasfa i m i s n a c h lasfa d h
lasfa d h s i b h
lasfa i d fs
lasfaf
1 p l lasfadh m u id C 3pl lasfa d h s i a d U
an a i m s i r g h nat h c h a ite the i m pe rfect tense

lasai n n n f lasadh
las ta a n lasa d h ?
lasad h se/sf g o lasadh
lasa i m i s nach lasadh
lasad h s i b h
lasa i d fs
lastaf
1 p l l a s a d h m u id C 3pl lasa d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m lasadh etc. U
an m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach l a i t h reach

t h e i m perative mood t h e p resent s u bj u n ctive
lasa i m g o lasa m e
las g o l a s a tu
lasad h se/sf g o lasa se/sf
lasa i m i s g o lasa i m i d
lasaigf g o lasa s i b h
lasaidfs g o lasa siad
las ta r g o lasta r
na las n a r lasa
3pl lasadh siad U 1pl g o lasa m u i d CU
139
VERB TABLES
66 h �ig h rea d lea m h leite

l e i g h me n fo r l e i g h
1 e i g h tu ar leig h ?
l e i g h se/sf g u r leigh
lea m a r nar leigh
leigh sibh n fo r l e a d h
leigh siad a r lead h ?
leadh g u r/nar leadh
isg (do) l e a s . 2sg (do) l e i s , 2 p / (do) l ea b h a i r M

ip/ l e i g h m u id cu 3p/ (do) leadar MC

leim n f l ea n n
lean n tu a n l ea n n ?
l ea n n se/sf g o l ea n n
lei mid nach leann
l ea n n s i b h
l ea n n siad
leitear
i p / lea n n m u i d cu 3 p / leid (siad) M rel. a leas

leifi d h m e n f leifi d h
1 e ifi d h tu a n leifi d h ?
leifidh se/sf g o leifi d h
leifi m i d n a c h l e ifi d h
l e i fi d h s i b h
l e i fi d h s i a d
l eifear
isg l e ifea d , 2sg leifir M l e i fi d h m u i d CU rel. a l eifeas
140
VERB TABLES
66 h�ig h rea d l ea m h leite

an mod h coi n n io l lach t h e c o n d it i o n a l mood
leifi n n n f leifea d h
l e ifea a n l eifea d h ?
leifea d h se/sf g o l eifead h
l eifi m is nach leifea d h
leifead h sibh
l eifi d fs
IMf
1 p l l eifead h m u i d C 3pl l e ifea d h s i a d u
a n a i m si r g h nath c h a ite t h e i m perfect tense

leinn n f leadh
l e i tea a n l ead h ?
lead h se/sf g o l ead h
lei mis nach l ead h
lead h s i b h
l e i d fs
l e i tr
1pl leadh m u i d C 3pl l ead h siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m leamh etc. u
a n m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u itea ch l a it h reach

leim g o l e me
leigh g o l e tu
l ead h se/sf g o Ie se/sf
lei m i s go leimid
1eigf go le sibh
l e i d fs g o l e siad
leitear g o l eitea r
na l e i g h nar le
3pl l e a d h s i a d u 1pl go le m uid cu
141
VERB TABLES
67 lig l et l ig ea n/l i g i nt U l igthe

lig me n fo r l i g
l i g tu ar lig?
l i g se/sf gur lig
ligeamar nar lig
lig sibh n fo r l i gead h
� s ia
l i g�_ _d
__________
a r l i gead h ?
l i gead h g u r/nar l i g ea d h
1sg (do) l igeas. 2sg (do) ligis, 2 p l (do) l i g eabha i r M

1pl l i g m u id CU 3pl (do) l i g eadar M C

ligim n f l i g ea n n
l i g ea n n tu a n l i g ea n n ?
l i g ea n n se/sf go ligeann
ligimid nach l i g ea n n
l i g ea n n s i b h
l i g e a n n siad
l i gtea r
1pl l igeann m u i d CU 3pl l igid (siad) M rel. a l i g eas
a n a i m s i r fhaistineach the futu re tense

ligfidh me n f l i g fi d h
l i g fi d h tu a n l i gfi d h ?
l i g fi d h se/sf g o l i g fi d h
l i g fi m i d nach l i gfi d h
l i g fi d h s i b h
l i g fi d h S i a d
l igfear
I
1sg l igfead, 2sg ligfir M l igfi d h m u id c u rel. a l igfeas
11
f
142
VERB TAB LES
67 lig l et l igean/l i g i nt U l igthe

l i g fi n n n f l igfead h
l i gfea a n l i g fea d h ?
l i gfead h se/sf g o l igfead h
l i g fi m i s nach l i gfea d h
l i gfead h s i b h
l i g fi d fs
l i gff
i p l l igfeadh mu i d C 3p/ l igfea d h s i a d U
a n a i m s i r g h nathcha ite t h e i m pe rfect tense

liginn n f l i g ea d h
l i gtea a n l igead h ?
l i geadh se/sf g o l i gead h
ligimis nach l i gead h
l i geadh s i b h
l i g i d fs
l i gtf
ipl l i g eadh m u id C, 3pl l i g ead h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m l i g i nt etc. U

ligim go lige me
lig g o l i g e tu
l i gead h se/sf g o lige se/sf
ligi mis g o l i g i m id
ligigf go l i g e s i b h
l i g i d fs g o l i g e siad
l i gtea r g o l i g tea r
na l i g nar l ige
3pl l igead h s i a d U i p l go l i g e m u i d CU
143
VERB TABLES
68 maraig h k i l l maru m a raithe

m ha ra i g h m e n fo r m h a ra i g h
m h a ra i g h tu a r m h a ra i g h ?
m ha ra i g h se/si g u r m h a ra i g h
m h a raio m a r n a r m ha ra i g h
m ha ra i g h s i b h n io r m a rafo d h
m h a ra i g h siad a r m a rafod h ?
m a raio d h g u r/nar m a rafo d h
isg (do) m h a raios, 2sg (do) m h a rais, 2pl (do) m h a raio b h a i r M

ipl m h a ra i g h m u id C 3pl m h a raiodar MC m harbh m e , m u id etc. U

m a raim n f m h a rafo n n
m a raio n n tu a n m a raio n n ?
m a raio n n se/si g o m a raio n n
m a rafm i d n a c h m a rafo n n
m a rafo n n s i b h
m a rafo n n siad marbha n n U
m a raitear
ipl maraio n n mu id C 3pl maraid (siad) M

marbha i m , marbha n n se/m u i d U rel. a m h a raios/a m h a rbhas
a n a i m s i r fha i st i n each the futu re tense

m a r6 i d h m e n f m h a r6 i d h
m a r6 i d h t u a n m a r6 i d h ?
m a r6 i d h se/sf g o m a r6 i d h
m a r6 i m i d n a c h m a r6 i d h
m a r6 i d h s i b h
m a r6 i d h siad m u i rb h fi d h/m u i rfi d h U
m a r6fa r
isg mar6 d , 2sg mar6 i r M ipl mar6 i d h mu id C

m u i rbhfi d h me/m u id etc. U rel. a m h a r6s/a m h u i r(bh)feas
144
VERB TABLES
68 maraig h ki l l maru m a raithe

a n m o d h coi n n io l l ach the co n d itio n a l mood
m h a r6 i n n n f m h a r6d h
m h a r6fa an m a r6d h ?
m h a r6 d h se/sf g o m a r6d h
m h a r6 i m i s nach m a r6d h
m h a r6 d h s i b h
m h a r6 i d fs m h u i rbhfead h/m h u i rfead h U
m h a r6faf
1sg m h u i rb hfi n n , 3sg m h u i rbhfead h se/siad etc. U

1pl m h a r6d h m u id C

m h a rafn n n f m h a rafo d h
m h a raftea a n m a rafod h ?
m h a rafo d h se/sf g o m a rafo d h
m h a rafm i s n a c h m a rafod h
m h a rafo d h s i b h
m h a rafd fs m ha r b h a d h U
m h a raftf
1pl m h a rafo d h mu id C 3pl m h a rb h a d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m marbhadh etc. U

m a rafm g o m a raf m e
m a ra i g h g o m a raf tu
m a rafo d h se/sf g o m a raf se/sf
m a rafm i s g o m a rafm id
m a rafgf g o m a raf sibh
m a rafdfs g o m a raf siad
m a raftear g o m a raftear
na m a ra i g h n a r m h a raf
rnarb h , rnarbhad h s e , s i a d etc. U g o rn a ra f m u id C g o marbha U
145
VERB TABLES
II
69 m eath wi t h e r meath m eata
m h eath me n io r m h eath
m h eath tu a r m h ea t h ?
m h eath se/si g u r m heath
m h eat h a m a r n a r m heath
m h eath s i b h nior meathad h
m h eath s i a d a r meatha d h ?
meath a d h g u r/nar m eat h a d h
1sg (do) m h eathas, 2sg (do) m heath a i s , 2p/ (do) m h eath a b h a i r M

1p/ m h eath m u id CU 3p/ (do) m h eathadar MC

meatha i m n i m h eat h a n n
meatha n n tu a n meath a n n ?
meat h a n n se/si g o meat h a n n
meath a i m i d n a c h meath a n n
meatha n n s i b h
meat h a n n siad
m eata r
1 p / meat h a n n m u i d CU 3p/ m eathaid (siad) M re/. a m h eathas

meathfa i d h me n i m h eathfa i d h
meathfa i d h tu a n m eathfa i d h ?
meathfa i d h se/si g o m eatt1fa i d h
meathfa i m id nach m eathfa i d h
meathfa i d h s i b h
meathfa i d h s i a d
meathfa r
1sg meathfa d , 2sg m eathfa i r M meathfa i d h m u i d C U

rel. a m heathfas
11
146
VERB TABLES
69 m eath wi t h e r meath m eata

a n m o d h coi n n io l lach t h e cond itio n a l mood
m h eathfa i n n n i m h eathfa d h
m h eathfa a n meathfad h ?
m h eathfa d h se/si g o meathfa d h
m h eathfa i m i s nach meathfa d h
m h eathfa d h s i b h
m h eathfa i d is
m h eathfai
1 p l m h eathfa d h m u i d C 3pl m h eathfa d h s i a d U

m h eatha i n n n i m heathad h
m h eata a n meathad h ?
m heatha d h se/si g o m eathad h
m heath a i m i s nach meatha d h
m h eatha d h s i b h
m h eatha i d is
m h eatai
1 p l m h eathadh m u i d C 3pl m h eathadh s i a d U

Ba g hn ach l i o m meath etc. U

meat h a i m g o m eath a m e
m eath g o m e a t h a tu
meath a d h se/si g o m eatha se/si
meatha i m i s go meath a i m i d
meath a i g i g o meatha s i b h
meathaidis g o m eatha siad
m eata r g o m eata r
na meath n a r m heatha
3pl meathadh siad U 1pl g o meatha m u i d CU
147
VERB TABLES
70 m i l l d estroy m i l lead h m i l lte

mhill me nior m h i l l
m h i l l tu ar mhill?
m h i l l se/sf gur mhill
m h i l leamar nar m h i l l
mhill sibh nior m i l lead h
m h i l l siad a r m i l l ead h ?
m i l l ea d h g u r/nar m i l l e a d h
1sg {do) m h i l l eas, 2sg (do) m h i l l is , 2pl (do) m h i l l ea b h a i r M

1pl m h i l l m u id CU 3pl (do) m h i l l eadar MC

millim n f m h i l l ea n n
m i l lean n tu a n m i l l ea n n ?
m i l l ea n n se/si go milleann
millimid n a c h m i l l ea n n
m i l l ea n n s i b h
m i l l ea n n siad
m i l ltear
1pl m i l l e a n n m u i d CU 3pl m i l l i d (siad) M rel. a m h i l leas

m i l lfi d h m e n f m h i l lfi d h
m i l lfi d h t u a n m i l lfi d h ?
m i l lfi d h se/sf g o m i l lfi d h
m i l lfi m i d n a c h m i l lfi d h
m i l lfi d h s i b h
m i l lfi d h siad
m i l lfea r
I' 1sg m i l lfea d , 2sg m i l l fi r M m i l lfi d h m u i d CU rel. a m h i l lfeas
11 148
VERB TABLES
70 m i l l d estroy m i l lead h m i l lte

a n mod h co i n n io l l a c h t h e c o n d itional mood
m h i l lfi n n n f m h i l lfea d h
m h i l lfea a n m i l lfea d h ?
m h i l lfead h se/sf g o m i l lfead h
m h i l lfi m i s nach m i l lfea d h
m h i l lfead h s i b h
m h i l lfi d fs
m h i l lff
1 p l m h i l lfeadh m u i d C 3pl m h i l lfeadh s i a d U

mhillinn n f m h i l l ead h
m h i l ltea a n m i l l ead h ?
m h i l leadh se/sf g o m i l l ead h
mhillimis nach m i l leadh
m h i l l ea d h s i b h
m h i l l id fs
m h i l ltf
1 p l m h i l l eadh m u i d C , 3 p l m h i l leadh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m m i l leadh U

millim go mille me
mill g o m i l l e tu
m i l lead h se/sf go m i l i e se/sf
millimis go millimid
mil ligf go mille sibh
m i l l id fs g o m i l l e siad
m i l ltear g o m i l ltea r
na m i l l nar mhille
Jpl m i l l ea d h siad U 1pl g o m i l i e m u i d C U
149
VERB TAB L E S
71 min i g h ex p l a i n min i u m in ithe

m h in i g h me n io r m h i n i g h
m h ini g h tu ar mhinigh?
m hin i g h se/si g u r m hinigh
m h in io m a r n a r m h in i g h
m hinigh sibh nior minio d h
m hi n i g h s i a d a r m i n io d h ?
miniod h g u r/ n a r m in iod h
1sg (do) m h i n ios 2sg (do) m h inis, 2p/ (do) m h inio b h a i r M

,
1pl mhinigh m u i d U C 3p/ m h in iodar MC

m in im n i m h i n io n n
II
minio n n tu a n m i n io n n ?
minio n n se/si g o minio n n
minimid nach m i n io n n
minio n n sibh
minio n n siad
minitea r
1 p l minio n n m u i d C 3p/ minid (siad) M

m in i m , minea n n se/m u i d U rel. a m h inlos
a n a i m s i r fh aisti neach the futu re tense

mineo i d h m e n i m h ineoid h
mineoid h tu a n mineoid h ?
mineo i d h se/si g o mineoid h
mineo i m i d nach m i n eo i d h
mineo i d h s i b h
mineo i d h s i a d mineoc h a i d h U
mineofa r
1sg mineod , ;!sg mineo i r M 1pl mineo i d h m u i d c

mineocha i d h m e/m u i d etc. U re/. a m hineos/a m h ineochas
I�
1 50
VERB TABLES
71 min i g h exp l a i n min i u minithe

an m o d h coi n n io l lach the conditional mood
m h fneoi n n n f m h ineod h
m h ineofa a n m fneod h ?
m h ineod h se/sf g o mineodh
mhfneo i m i s nach m ineod h
m h ineod h s i b h
m h ineo i d fs m h fneoc h a d h U
m h fn eofai
1sg m h fneocha i n n , 3sg m hfneochadh se, siad etc. U

1pl m hineod h mu id C
a n a i m s i r g h n athchaite the i m pe rfect tense

m h fnin n n f m hfnfo d h
m h fn itea a n minfod h ?
m h fn iod h se/sf g o minfo d h
m h fnimis nach m fn fod h
m h fn fod h sibh
m h in fd fs
m h inftf
1pl m h fn fod h m u id C 3pl m h fnfodh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m m fn i u etc. u
an mod h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach l a i t h reach

m inim g o minf m e
minigh go mfnftu
m in fod h se/si g o mfnf se/sf
minfmis g o mfnfmid
m infgf g o m fn f s i b h
m fnfdis g o m in i siad
mfnftea r g o m in ftea r
na m i n i g h n a r m hinf
3 p l mfnfod h s i a d U 1 p l g o mini m u id CU
1 51
VERB TABLES
72 mion naig h swea r mion n u mionnaithe

m h io n n a i g h m e nior m h i o n n a i g h
m h i o n n a i g h tu a r m h i o n na i g h ?
m h i o n n a i g h se/si g u r m h io n n a i g h
m h i o n naio m a r na r m h i o n n a i g h
mhionnaigh sibh n i o r m i o n naiod h
m h i o n n a i g h siad a r m i o n naiod h ?
m i o n naiod h g u r/nar m i o n naiod h
1sg (do) m h i o n nafos, 2sg (do) m h io n nafs, 2pl (do) m h io n na fo b ha i r M

1pl m h i o n n a i g h m u id UC 3pl m h i o n nafodar MC

m i o n naim n i m h io n naio n n
m i o n n a io n n tu a n m i o n naio n n ?
m i o n naio n n se/si g o m i o n naio n n
m i o n naim i d n a c h m i o n naio n n
m i o n naio n n s i b h
m i o n naio n n siad
m i o n n aitea r
1 p l m i o n nafo n n m u i d C 3pl m i o n nafd (siad) M

m i o n n a i m , m i o n n a n n se/m u i d U rel. a m h i o n nafos

mionn6idh me n i m h io n n 6 i d h
m i o n n 6 i d h tu a n m i o n n6 i d h ?
m i o n n 6 i d h se/si go mionn6idh
mionn6imid nach mionn6idh
mionn6idh sibh
mion n6id h siad m i o n n6cha i d h U
m i o n n 6fa r
1sg m i o n n 6 d , 2sg m i o n n 6i r M 1pl m i o n n 6 i d h m u i d C

m io n n 6 c ha i d h me/m u id etc. U rel. a m h i o n n 6s/a m h i on n6chas
Ir
I 1 52
iI
VERB TABLES
72 mionnaigh swea r mion n u mion naithe

a n mod h coi n n io l lach t h e c o n d itional mood
mhionn6inn nf mhionn6dh
m h i o n n 6fa a n m i o n n 6d h ?
m h i o n n 6 d h se/sf go mionn6dh
m h io n n 6 i m i s nach m i o n n 6 d h
m h io n n 6 d h s i b h
m h io n n 6 i d fs m h i o n n6chad h U
m h i o n n 6faf
1sg m h i o n n6chai n n , 3sg m h ion n6chadh se/siad etc. U

1pl m h io n n 6 d h mu id C
a n a i m s i r g h nath c h a ite the i m perfect tense

m h i o n nafn n n f m h i o n nafod h
m h i o n n aftea a n m i o n nafod h ?
m h i o n nafo d h se/sf g o m i o n nafo d h
m h i o n nafm i s nach m i o n nafod h
m h i o n nafod h s i b h
m h i o n nafd fs
m h i o n naftf
1pl m h i o n nafo d h m u id C 3pl m h i o n nafod h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m m i o n n u etc. U

m i o n nafm g o m i o n naf me
mionnaigh go m i o n naf tu
m i o n nafod h se/sf g o m i o n naf se/sf
m i o n nafm i s go m i o n nafm i d
m i o n nafgf g o m i o n naf s i b h
m i o n nafd fs g o m i o n naf s i a d
m i o n naftea r g o m i o n naftea r
na m i o n n a i g h n a r m h io n naf
3pl m i o n nafod h s i a d U 1pl go m i o n naf m u i d CU
1 53
VERB TABLES
73 m o l p ra i s e molad h m olta
mhol me n fo r m h o l
m h o l tu a r m ho l ?
mhol se/sf gur mhol
mholamar nar mhol
mhol sibh n fo r m o l a d h
mhol siad ar molad h ?
moladh g u r/nar m o l a d h
1sg (do) m h olas. 2sg (do) m h o l a i s . 2pl (do) m h o l a b h a i r M

1pl m h o l m u id CU 3pl (do) m holadar MC
a n a i m s i r laithreach the p resent te nse

molaim n f m ho l a n n
m o l a n n tu a n m o la n n ?
m o l a n n se/sf g o m o la n n
molaimid nac h m o l a n n
m o l a n n si b h
m o l a n n siad
m o lta r
1 p l m o l a n n m u i d C U 3pl m o l a i d (siad) M rel. a m h o l a s

molfa i d h m e n f m h o lfai d h
m o lfa i d h tu a n m o lfai d h ?
m o lfa i d h se/sf g o m o l fa i d h
m o lfa i m i d n a c h m o l fa i d h
molfa i d h s i b h
molfa i d h siad
m o lfa r
1sg molfad , 2sg molfa i r M molfa i d h m u i d CU rel. a m h o lfas
1 54
VERB TABLES
73 m o l p ra i s e molad h m o lta
an mod h coi n niol lach the conditional mood
m h o l fa i n n n f m h o lfad h
m h o lfa a n m o lfad h ?
m h o lfa d h se/sf g o molfa d h
m h o lfa i m i s n a c h m o lfa d h
m h o lfad h s i b h
m h o lfa i d fs
m h o lfaf
i p l m h olfadh m u i d C 3p/ m h o lfadh s i a d U
an a i m si r g h nath chaite the i m perfect tense

mholainn n f m ho l a d h
m h o lta a n molad h?
m h o l a d h se/sf go moladh
mholaimis nach m o l a d h
mholadh sibh
m ho l a i d fs
m h o ltaf
i p l m h o l a d h m u i d C 3p/ m h o l a d h s i a d U
Ba g h nach l i o m m o l a d h etc. U

molaim g o m o l a me
mol g o m o l a tu
m o l a d h se/sf g o m o l a se
molaimis go molaimid
molaigf go mola sibh
m o l a i d fs g o m o l a siad
mo ltar g o mo lta r
na m o l nar m hola
3pl m o l a d h s i a d U i p l go mola m u id C U
155
VERB TAB L E S
74 m u scai l awa k e n m u scailt m u scai lte

a n aimsir chaite t h e past tense
m h usca i l me n fo r m h usca i l
m h usca i l tu a r m h usca i l ?
m h usca i l se/sf g u r m h u s ca i l
m h usclafo m a r n a r m h usca i l
m h usca i l s i b h n fo r m u sc l a fod h
m h usca i l s i a d a r m u sclaiod h ?
m u sclafod h g u r/nar m u sclaio d h
isg (do) m h u sclaios, 2sg (do) m h U sclais, 2pl (do) m h usclaio b h a i r M

ipl m h usca i l m u id U C 3p/ m h u sclaiodar MC; N B m usca i l m u sca i l u
=

m u sclafm n f m h usclafo n n
m u sclafo n n tu a n m u sc l a io n n ?
m u sclafo n n se/sf g o m u sclaio n n
m u sclaim i d n a c h m usclafo n n
m u sclafo n n s i b h
m u sclafo n n siad
m u sclaftea r
ipl m usclaio n n m u i d C 3p/ m u sclaid (siad) M m u sclai m , m u s c l a n n s e , m u i d etc. U re/. a

m h usclaios/a m h u sclas
a n a i m s i r fhaistineach t h e fut u re tense

m uscl 6 i d h m e ni m h uscl6idh
m u sc l 6 i d h tu an m uscl6id h ?
m u sc l 6 i d h se/sf g o m u scl 6 i d h
m u sc l 6 i m i d n a c h m u scl 6 i d h
m u sc l 6 i d h s i b h
m u sc l 6 i d h siad m u sc l 6 c h a i d h U
m u scl6fa r
1sg m u s c l 6 d , 2sg m u s c l 6 i r M m u scl6cha i d h m e/ m u id etc. u

ipl m u s c l 6 i d h m u i d c rel. a m h uscl 6s/a m h u scl6chas
156
VERB TABLES
74 m u sca i l awa ke n m u scai lt m u scai lte

m h u scl6i n n n f m h u sc l 6 d h
m h uscl6fa a n m u scl6d h ?
m h uscl6d h se/sf go m uscl6dh
m h uscl 6 i m i s nach m u s c l 6 d h
m h us c l 6 d h s i b h
m h u s c l 6 i d fs m h uscl6chad h U
m h u scl6faf
isg m h u scl6cha i n n , 3sg m h u scl6chadh se, siad etc. U

ipl m h uscl6dh m u id c

m h usclafnn n f m h u sc l afod h
m h uscl aftea a n m u sc l a fod h ?
m h u sclafod h se/sf g o m u sc lafod h
m h usclafmis nach m u sc l afod h
m h usclafod h sibh
m h u sc l a fd fs
m h u sclafti
ipl m h usclafodh m u i d C 3pl m h usclafodh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m m u scailt etc. u

m u sclafm go m u sclaf m e
m u sca i l g o m u sclaf tu
m u sc lafod h se/sf g o m u sclaf se/sf
m u sclafm i s go m u sclafm i d
m u sc l afg f g o m u sclaf s i b h
m u s c lafdfs g o m u sclaf s i a d
m u s c laftear g o m u sclaftea r
na m u sca i l n a r m h Usclaf
3PI m u sclafod h siad U ipl g o m u sclaf m u i d CU
1 57
V E R B TAB L E S
75 neartaig h stre n g t h e n neartu neartaithe

a n a i m s i r c h a ite the past te nse
n ea rta i g h m e nior nearta i g h
n ea rta i g h tu a r n ea rta i g h ?
nearta i g h se/sf g u r nea rta i g h
nea rtafo m a r n a r nearta i g h
nearta i g h s i b h n fo r nea rtafo d h
nearta i g h siad a r nea rtafo d h ?
nea rtafo d h g u r/nar nea rtafo d h
1sg (do) nea rtafos, 2sg (do) neartais, 2pl (do) nea rtafo b h a i r M
1pl nearta i g h mu id UC 3p/ neartafodar MC

nea rtafm n f neartafo n n
nea rtafo n n tu a n nea rtafo n n ?
nea rtafo n n se/sf g o n ea rtafo n n
nea rtafm i d n a c h nea rtafo n n
neartafo n n s i b h
n ea rtaio n n siad
nea rtaitea r
1 p l neartaio n n m u i d C 3pl nea rtaid (siad) M

nearta i m , nearta n n se/m u i d U rel. a nea rtaios
a n a i m s i r fh a i sti neach the fut u re te n se

neart6 i d h m e n f n ea rt6 i d h
n ea rt6 i d h tu a n neart6 i d h ?
nea rt6 i d h se/sf g o neart6 i d h
n ea rt6 i m i d n a c h neart6 i d h
n ea rt6 i d h s i b h
neart6 i d h s i a d n ea rt6c h a i d h U
nea rt6fa r
1sg neart6 d , 2sg neart6 i r M 1pl neart6 i d h m u id C

nea rt6c h a i d h me/m u id etc. U rel. a nea rt6s/a n ea r t 6c h as
158
VERB TABLES
75 neartaig h stre n g t h e n nea rtu neartaithe

a n m o d h coi n n io l l ac h t h e cond iti o n a l mood
neart6 i n n n f nea rt6d h
nea rt6fa an neart6 d h ?
neart6 d h se/si g o nea rt6d h
neart6 i m i s nach nea rt6d h
neart6 d h s i b h
neart6 i d fs nea rt6c h a d h U
nea rt6faf
isg neart6c h a i n n , 3sg neart6chad h se/siad etc. U

ip/ neart6 d h m u id C
an a i m s i r g h nath c h a ite t h e i m pe rfect tense

neartafn n n f nea rtaio d h
nea rtaftea a n nea rtafod h ?
nea rtaio d h se/si g o nea rtaio d h
nea rtafm i s nach nea rtafo d h
nea rtafo d h s i b h
nea rtaidfs
nea rtaftf
i p / neartaiodh m u i d C 3p/ nea rta iod h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m neartu etc. u
an m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach l a it h reach

nea rtafm g o nea rtaf m e
nearta i g h g o nearta f t u
nea rtaio d h se/si g o nea rtaf se/sf
nea rtafm i s go neartafmid
nea rtafg f g o nea rtaf s i b h
nea rtafdfs g o nea rtaf s i a d
nea rtaftear g o nea rtaftear
na nearta i g h n a r n ea rtaf
3p/ nea rtaio d h s i a d U ip/ g o neartai mu i d CU
1 59
VERB TABLES
76 n i g h wa s h ni n ite
nigh me nior n i g h
nigh tu ar nigh?
n i g h se/si gur nigh
n io m a r nar nigh
nigh sibh n io r n io d h
n�
_ i g�h_s__
d
ia_
_________
a r n iod h ?
n iod h g u r/n a r n iod h
1sg (do) nfos, 2sg (do) n f s , 2pl (do) n fo b h a i r M

1pl n i g h m u id CU 3pl (do) niodar MC
a n a i m s i r l a i t h reach t h e p resent tense

nim n i n io n n
n io n n tu a n n io n n ?
n io n n se/si g o n io n n
nimid n a c h n fo n n
n io n n s i b h
n io n n s i a d
n itea r
1pl n fo n n m u id C U 3pl nfd (siad) M rel. a nfos

n ffi d h m e n f n ffi d h
n ffi d h tu a n n ffi d h ?
n ffi d h se g o n ffi d h
n ffi m i d n a c h n ffi d h
n ffi d h s i b h
n ffi d h siad
n ifea r
1sg n ffead , 2sg n ffi r M nifi d h m u i d CU rel. a n ffeas
160
VERB TABLES
76 n ig h wa s h ni n ite
an m o d h coi n n fo l l ach the co n d it i o n a l mood
n ffi n n n i n ifead h
n ifea a n n ifead h ?
n ifead h se g o n ifead h
n ifi m is nach n ifead h
n ifead h s i b h
n ifi d is
n iff
1pl n ffeadh m u i d C 3pl n ffead h siad U
a n a i m s i r g h nath c h a ite the i m pe rfect tense

ninn n i n iod h
n i tea a n n io d h ?
n iod h se g o n iod h
nimis nach n iod h
n iod h s i b h
n id is
n iti
1pl nfodh m u id C 3pl nfodh s i a d , Ba g h nach l i o m nf etc. U

nim go ni me
nigh g o n i tu
n iod h s e go ni se
nimis go nfmid
n igi go ni sibh
n id is g o n f siad
n itea r g o n itea r
na n i g h na r n i
3pl nfodh siad U 1pl g o n f m u i d CU
161
VERB TABLES
77 oil ed u cate oi l i u i nt oi lte

d 'o i l m e n fo r o i l
d'oi l tu ar oil?
d'o i l se/sf g u r oi l
d 'o i l e a m a r naroil
d 'o i l s i b h nfor o i l ead h/nfo r h o i l e a d h
d 'o i l s i a d a r o i l e ad h ?
o i l ea d h/hoileadh g u r/n a r o i l e a d h
1sg d(h)'o i l eas, 2sg d (h)'o i l i s , 2 p / d (h)'o i lea b h a i r M

1p/ d'o i l m u id cu 3p/ d(h)'o i l eadar MC aut. hoi leadh MCU

oilim n f o i l ea n n
o i lean n tu a n o i l ea n n ?
o i l ea n n se/sf g o n-oi l ea n n
oilimid nach n-o i l e a n n
oileann sibh
o i l e a n n siad
o i ltear
1 p / o i l ea n n m u i d CU 3 p / o i l i d (siad) M rel. a o i l eas
a n a i m s i r fh a i sti neach t h e fut u re tense

oilfidh m e n f o i l fi d h
o i l fi d h t u a n o i lfi d h ?
o i l fi d h se/sf go n-o i l fi d h
o i l fi m i d n a c h n-o i l fi d h
o i l fi d h s i b h
o i l fi d h s i a d
o i lfea r
1sg o i lfea d , 2sg o i l fi r M o i l fi d h mu id CU rel. a o i l feas
1 62
VERB TABLES
77 o i l ed u cate oi l i u i nt oilte
a n mod h coi n n io l lach the co n d itio n a l mood

d'oi l fi n n n i o i lfead h
d'oi lfea a n o i lfea d h ?
d'o i l fead h se/si g o n-oi lfea d h
d'oi l fi m i s nach n-oi lfead h
d'o i l fea d h s i b h
d'o i l fi d is
d'oi lfi
1pl d'oi lfeadh m u id C 3pl d'oi lfead h siad U

d'oi l i n n n i o i l ea d h
d'o i l tea a n o i l ea d h ?
d'o i l ea d h se/si g o n-o i l e a d h
d'oi l i m i s nach n-o i l ea d h
d'o i lead h s i b h
d'o i l i d is
d'oi lti
1pl d'o i l eadh m u i d C 3pl d'o i leadh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m o i l i u i n t etc. u

oilim go n-o i l e m e
oil g o n-o i l e tu
o i lead h se/si g o n-o i l e se/si
oilimis go n-o i l i m i d
oiligi g o n-o i l e s i b h
o i l i d is g o n-o i l e s i a d
o i ltea r g o n-o i l tear
na h o i l naroile
3pl o i l ea d h s i a d U 1pl g o n-o i l e m u i d C U
163
VERB TABLES
78 61 d ri n k 61 61ta
d'61 m e n fo r 6 1
d'61 tu ar 61?
d'61 se/sf g u r 61
d '6 1 a m a r nar61
d'61 s i b h nfor 6 1 a d h/nfo r h 6 1 a d h
d'61 siad a r 6 1 ad h ?
6 1 a d h/h61adh g u r/n a r 6 1a d h
1sg d(h)'6 1 a s , 2sg d (h)'6 1 a i s , 2pl d(h)'6 1 a b h a i r M

1pl d'61 m u id CU 3pl d'61adar MC aut. h 6 1 a d h MCU

61aim nf 61ann
6 1 a n n tu an 61ann?
6 1 a n n se/sf g o n-6 1 a n n
61aimid n a c h n-6 1 a n n
61ann sibh
61ann siad
61tar
1 p l 6 1 a n n m u i d CU 3pl 6 1 a i d (siad) M rel. a 61as

6 1 fa i d h m e n f 61fa i d h
61fa i d h tu a n 61fa i d h ?
61fa i d h se/sf g o n-61fa i d h
6 1 fa i m i d n a c h n-61fa i d h
61fa i d h s i b h
61fa i d h siad
6 1fa r
1sg 6 1fad , 2sg 61fa i r M 61fa i d h m u i d CU rel. a 61fas
1 64
VERB TABLES
78 6 1 d ri n k 61 61ta
an m o d h coi n n io l l ach the co n d itional mood
d'61fa i n n n f 6 1fad h
d'o lfa a n 61fad h ?
d'61fa d h se/sf g o n-61fa d h
d'61fa i m i s nach n-61fa d h
d'61fa d h s i b h
d'61fa i d fs
d'61faf
1 p l d'61fadh m u i d C 3p/ d'61fa d h s i a d U
a n a i m s i r g h n athchaite t h e i m perfect tense

d'6 1 a i n n nf 61adh
d'olta a n 6 1 ad h ?
d'6 1 a d h se/sf g o n-6 1 a d h
d'6 1 a i m i s n a c h n-6 1 a d h
d '6 1 a d h s i b h
d'6 1 a i d fs
d'61taf
1 p l d'6 1 a d h m u i d C 3p/ d'6 1 a d h s i a d , Ba g h nach l i o m 6 1 U
a n m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach l a ith reach

61aim g o n-6 1a me
61 g o n-6 1a tu
6 1 a d h se/sf g o n-6 1 a se
61aimis g o n-6 1 a i m i d
61aigf g o n-6 1a s i b h
6 1 a i d fs g o n-6 1 a siad
61tar g o n-61tar
na h 6 1 nar61a
3pl61adh siad u 1pl go n-61 a m u id C U
165
VERB TABLES
79 ordaig h o rd e r ord u o rdaithe

d 'o rd a i g h m e n fo r o rd a i g h
d 'o rd a i g h tu a r o rd a i g h ?
d 'o rd a i g h se/sf g u r o rd a i g h
d 'o rd a io m a r n a r o rd a i g h
d 'o rd a i g h s i b h n fo r o rd afod h/nfo r h o .
d 'o rd a i g h s i a d a r o rd a fo d h ?
o rd afod h/h o rd a fo d h g u r/na r o rd a fo d h
1sg d(h)'ordafos. 2sg d (h)'ordafs. 2pl d (h)'ordafo b h a i r M

1pl d'ordaig h m u id U C 3pl d'ordafodar MC aut. hordafod h MCU

o rd a f m n f o rd a fo n n
o rd a fo n n tu a n o rd a fo n n ?
o rd a fo n n se/sf g o n-ordafo n n
o rd a f m i d n a c h n-o rd afo n n
o rd a fo n n s i b h
o rd a fo n n s i a d
o rd a ftea r
1pl ordafo n n m u i d C 3pl ordafd (siad) M

orda i m . ord a n n se/m u i d etc. U rel. a ordafos
a n a i m s i r fhaist i n ea c h the fut u re tense

o rd 6 i d h m e n f o rd 6 i d h
o rd 6 i d h tu a n o rd 6 i d h ?
o rd 6 i d h se/sf g o n-ord 6 i d h
o rd 6 i m i d n a c h n-o rd 6 i d h
o rd 6 i d h s i b h
o rd 6 i d h s i a d ord6c h a i d h U
o rd 6fa r
1sg ord 6 d . 2sg ord 6 i r M 1pl ord 6 i d h m u id C

ord6chaidh me/m u id etc. U rel. a ord 6 s/a ord6chas
166
VERB TABLES
79 o rdaig h o rd e r ord u o rd aithe

a n mod h coi n n io l l ach the co n d itional mood
d'ord 6 i n n n f o rd 6 d h
d'ord 6fa a n o rd6d h ?
d'ord 6 d h se/si g o n-ord 6 d h
d'ord 6 i m i s nach n-ord 6 d h
d'ord 6 d h s i b h
d'ord 6 i d is d'ord 6 c h a d h U
d'ord 6fai
1sg d'ord6cha i n n , 3sg d'o rd6chadh se/siad etc. u

1pl d'ord 6 d h mu id C
an a i m s i r g h n athcha ite the i m perfect tense

d'ordain n n i o rdaiod h
d'ordaitea a n o rdaiod h ?
d'ord aiod h se/si g o n-ordaio d h
d'ord a i m i s nach n-ordaio d h
d'ord aiod h s i b h
d'o rdafdfs
d'ordafti
1 p l d'ordaio d h m u i d C 3pl d'o rdaio d h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m o rd u etc. u

o rdaim go n-ordai me
o rd a i g h g o n-ordaf tu
ordaio d h se/si g o n-ordai se/sf
ordaim i s go n-ordaim i d
o rdaigi g o n-ordai s i b h
o rdaidis g o n-ordai siad
ordaitea r g o n-ordaitea r
na h o rd a i g h n a r o rdai
3pl ordaiodh s i a d U 1pl go n-ordai m u i d c u
167
VERB TAB L E S
B o oscai l , fosca i l U o p e n osca i lt oscai lte

d 'os ca i l m e n fo r osca i l
d 'osca i l t u a r o s ca i l ?
d 'osca i l se/sf g u r o s ca i l
d 'o s c l a fo m a r n a r o s ca i l
d 'os ca i l s i b h n f o r os c l a fo d h/nfor h o .
d 'os ca i l s i a d a r o s c l a fo d h ?
o s c l a fo d h/h o s c l a fo d h g u r/n a r o s c l a fo d h
1sg d(h)'osclaios, 2sg d(h)'osclais, 2p/ d(h)'osclaio b h a i r M

1pl d'osca i l mu id C 3p/ d'osclaiodar MC aut. hosclaiod h MC
11
d'fhosca i l me/mu i d etc. aut. foscladh u
'
11 a n a i m s i r laith reach
osclafm
the p resent tense
nf o s c l a fo n n
II I
o s c l a fo n n tu
o s c l a fo n n se/sf
osclafmid
a n o s c l a fo n n ?
g o n-o s c l a fo n n
n a c h n-o s c l a fo n n
o s c l a fo n n s i b h
o s c l a fo n n s i a d fos cl a n n U
o s c l a ftea r
I I
1pl osclaio n n m u id C 3p/ osclaid (siad) M

foscla i m , fosc l a n n se, m u id etc. U rel. a osclaios/a fhosclas

oscl6i d h me nf o s c l 6 i d h
o s c l 6 i d h tu a n oscl6id h ?
o sc l 6i d h se/sf g o n-osc l 6 i d h
oscl6imid n a c h n-osc l 6 i d h
oscl6idh sibh
o sc l 6 i d h s i a d fosc l 6 c h a i d h U
o s c l 6fa r
1sg oscl 6 d , 2sg osc l 6 i r M ip/ oscl6 i d h m u id C

fosc l 6 c h a i d h me/m u id etc. U rel. a oscl6s/a fhoscl6chas
I I I
I
168
I 1 1
VERB TAB L E S
Bo osca i l , fosca i l U o p e n oscai lt oscai lte

a n mod h coi n n io l l ach the co n d itional mood
d'osc l 6 i n n n f oscl6d h
d 'oscl 6fa a n oscl6d h ?
d'oscl 6 d h se/sf g o n-oscl 6 d h
d'osc l 6 i m i s nach n-oscl 6 d h
d'osc l 6 d h s i b h
d'osc l 6 i d fs d'fhosc l6chad h U
d'oscl 6faf
1sg d'fhoscl6ch a i n n , 3sg d'fhoscl6chad h se, siad etc. u

1pl d'osc l 6 d h m u id C
an a i m si r g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect tense

d'oscl a f n n n f osclafod h
d 'osclaftea a n osclafod h ?
d 'osclafod h se/sf g o n-osclaio d h
d 'osclaimis nach n-osclaio d h
d 'osclafod h sibh
d'osc lafdfs d 'fhosc l a d h U
d'osclafti
1pl d'osclafo d h mu id C 3pl d'fhoscla(fo) d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m foscai l t/foscladh etc. U
an m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteac h laith reach

osclafm go n-osclaf me
osca i l foscai l U go n-oscl a i t u
osclafo d h se/sf g o n-osclaf se/sf
osclaim i s go n-osc lafmid
osclaigf g o n-osc laf sibh
oscl afdfs g o n-osclaf siad
osclaftea r g o n-osclaitea r
na hosca i l , na fosca i l u n a r osclaf
3pl foscla(fo) d h siad U 1pl g o n-osclaf m u id C

go bhfosclaf U
169
VERB TABLES
81 pacail p a c k pacail pacai lte

phaca i l me nfor phaca i l
phaca i l tu a r phaca i l ?
phaca i l se/sf g u r p h a ca i l
phaca l a m a r n a r phaca i l
phaca i l s i b h nfor paca l a d h
phaca i l s i a d a r paca l ad h ?
paca l a d h g u r/nar paca l a d h
1sg (do) phacalas, 2sg (do) phacalais, 2pl (do) phacalabhair M

1pl phacail m u id cu 3pl (do) phacaladar MC

paca l a i m n f phaca l a n n
paca la n n tu a n bpaca l a n n ?
paca l a n n se/sf g o bpaca l a n n
paca l a i m i d n a c h b paca l a n n
paca l a n n s i b h
paca l a n n s i a d
paca i ltear
1 p l pacalann mu id CU 3 p l paca laid (siad) M rel. a phacalas
a n a i m s i r fhaistineach t h e futu re te nse

pacalfa i d h m e n f phacalfa i d h
pacalfa i d h tu a n bpacalfa i d h ?
pacalfa i d h se/sf g o bpacalfa i d h
pacalfa i m i d n a c h bpacalfa i d h
pacalfa i d h s i b h
pacalfa i d h s i a d
pacalfa r
1sg pacalfad , 2sg pacalfair M pacalfaidh m u id c u

re/. a phaca lfas
170
VERB TABLES
81 pacai l p a c k pacail pacai lte

an mod h coi n n iol lach the co n d itional mood
phacalfa i n n n f phaca lfad h
p h aca lfa a n bpaca lfad h ?
p h aca lfa d h se/sf g o bpacalfa d h
p h acalfa i m i s nach bpacalfa d h
p h aca lfad h s i b h
p h aca lfa i d fs
p h aca lfaf
i p l phaca lfadh m u id C 3pl phacalfadh siad u

phaca l a i n n n f phacalad h
phacai ltea a n bpaca l ad h ?
phaca l a d h se/sf g o bpaca l a d h
phaca l a i m i s nach bpaca l a d h
phacalad h s i b h
phaca l a i d fs
p h a ca i l tf
ipl phaca ladh m u id C 3pl phacaladh siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m paca i l etc. u

paca l a i m go bpacala m e
paca i l g o bpaca l a tu
paca l a d h se/sf g o bpaca l a se/sf
paca l a i m i s go bpaca l a i m i d
paca l a i g f g o bpacala s i b h
paca l a i d fs g o bpaca l a siad
paca i l tea r g o bpaca i l tear
na paca i l n a r phacala
3pl paca ladh siad u i p l go bpacala m u id cu
171
I Ii
VERB TABLES
82 p6s m a rry p6sad h p6sta

ph6s m e n fo r p h 6 s
ph6s tu a r ph6s?
ph6s se/sf g u r ph6s
ph6sa m a r n a r ph6s
ph6s s i b h n fo r p6sa d h
p h 6 s siad a r p6sad h ?
p6sad h g u r/nar p6sad h
1sg (do) ph6sas, 2sg (do) ph6sais, 2p/ (do) ph6sa b h a i r M

1p/ ph6s m u id CU 3p/ (do) ph6sadar MC
a n a i m s i r laith reach the p rese nt tense

p6sa i m n f p h 6 sa n n
p6sa n n tu a n bp6sa n n ?
p6sa n n se/sf g o bp6sa n n
p6sa i m i d nach bp6sa n n
p6sa n n s i b h
p6sa n n s i a d
p6sta r
1 pl p6sa n n m u i d CU 3p/ p6sai d (siad) M rel. a ph6sas

p6sfa i d h m e n f p h 6 sfa i d h
p6sfa i d h tu a n b p6sfa i d h ?
p6sfa i d h se/sf g o b p6sfa i d h
p6sfa i m i d n a c h b p6sfa i d h
p6sfa i d h s i b h
p6sfa i d h siad
p6sfa r
1sg p6sfa d , 2sg p6sfa i r M p6sfa i d h m u i d CU rel. a ph6sfas
172
I ii I
VERB TABLES
82 p6s m a rry p6sad h p6sta

a n mod h coi n n io l l ac h t h e c o n d itional mood
p h6sfa i n n n i p h 6sfa d h
ph6sfa a n bp6sfad h ?
p h6sfa d h se/si g o bp6sfa d h
ph 6sfa i m i s n a c h bp6sfa d h
ph6sfa d h s i b h
ph 6sfa i d is
p h6sfai
i p l p h6sfadh m u i d C 3pl ph 6sfadh s i a d U

ph6sa i n n n i p h6sa d h
p h 6sta a n bp6sad h ?
ph6sadh se/si g o bp6sa d h
ph6sa i m i s nach bp6sad h
p h6sad h s i b h
ph6saidis
p h 6stai
ipl ph6sadh mu id C 3pl ph6sadh siad U

Ba g h nach l iom p6sa d h etc. u

p6sa i m go bp6sa m e
p6s g o b p 6 s a tu
p6sad h se/si g o bp6sa se/si
p6sa i m i s go bp6sa i m i d
p6sa i g i g o bp6sa s i b h
p6sa i d is g o bp6sa siad
p6sta r g o bp6sta r
na p6s n a r p h 6sa
3pl p6sad h siad U ipl g o b p6sa m u i d CU
173
VERB TABLES
83 rith ru n rith rite

rith m e n f o r rith
rith tG a r rit h ?
rith se/sf g u r rith
rithea m a r n a r rith
rith s i b h n fo r rithea d h
rith siad
��
a r ritheadh ?
rithead h g u r/nar rithead h
isg (do) ritheas. 2sg (d o) rith i s , 2 p l (do) rithea b h a i r M

ipl rith mu id CU 3pl (do) ritheadar MC

rit h i m n f rithea n n
rithea n n t G a n rithea n n ?
rithea n n se/sf g o rithea n n
rith i m i d nach rith ea n n
rithea n n s i b h
rithea n n siad
ritea r
ipl rithea n n m u i d CU 3pl rith i d (siad) M rel. a ritheas

rithfi d h m e n f rithfi d h
rithfi d h tG a n rithfi d h ?
rithfi d h se/sf g o rithfi d h
rithfi m i d nach rithfi d h
rithfi d h s i b h
11
rithfi d h siad
rithfear
isg rithfea d , 2sg rithfi r M rithfid h m u i d C U rel. a rithfeas
174
/, I
VERB TABLES
83 rith ru n rith rite

a n m o d h coi n n io l lach the conditional mood
rithfi n n ni rithfead h
rithfea a n rithfea d h ?
rithfead h se/si g o rithfead h
rithfi m i s n a c h rith fead h
rithfead h s i b h
r i t h fi d is
rithfi
1pl rithfea d h m u id C 3pl rithfead h siad U
an a i m s i r g h nat h c h a ite the i m perfect tense

rith i n n n i r i t h ea d h
ritea a n rithead h ?
r i t h ea d h se/si g o r i t h ea d h
rith i m i s n a c h r i t h ead h
r i t h ea d h s i b h
r i t h i d is
riti
1pl rithead h m u id C 3pl rithea d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m rith/reachtai l etc. u
an mod h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laithreach

rith i m go r i t h e m e
rith g o rit h e tu
r i t h ea d h se/si g o r i t h e se/si
rit h i m i s g o rit h i m i d
rithigi go rithe s i b h
r i t h i d is go r i t h e siad
ritear g o ritea r
n a rith nar rithe
3pl rithea d h siad U 1 p l g o r i t h e m u i d CU
175
VERB TAB L E S
84 roi n n d i v i d e , ra n n U roi n nt roi n nte

ro i n n m e nior ro i n n
ro i n n t u a r ro i n n ?
roi n n se/sf g u r ro i n n
roi n neamar n a r ro i n n
ro i n n sibh nior roi n nead h
ro i n n siad a r roi n n ead h ?
ro i n neadh g u r/nar ro i n neadh
isg (do) roi n neas. 2sg (do) roi n n i s . 2p/ (do) roi n neabhair M
ip/ ro i n n mu id C ra n n m u id (ro i n n ra n n ) U 3p/ (do) ro i n neadar MC
=

ro i n n i m n i ro i n nea n n
roi n n ea n n t u a n ro i n n ea n n ?
ro i n n ea n n se/sf g o roi n n ea n n
ro i n n i m id nach ro i n n ea n n
roi n n ea n n s i b h
ro i n nea n n s i a d ra n a n n U
ro i n ntea r
1p/ ro i n neann mu id C ra n n a i m , ra n n a n n t u , m u id etc. U

3pl roi n n i d (siad) M rel . a roi n neas/a ra n nas

ro i n nfi d h m e n i ro i n nfi d h
ro i n n fi d h tu a n ro i n n fi d h ?
ro i n n fi d h se/sf g o roi n n fi d h
ro i n n fi m i d n a c h ro i n nfi d h
ro i n nfi d h s i b h
ro i n n fi d h siad
roi n nfea r ra n nfa i d h U
1sg ro i n nfea d , 2sg roi n n fi r M ro i n n fi d h m u id C

ra n nfa i d h me, m u i d etc. U rel. a roi n nfeas/a ra n nfas
176
VERB TABLES
84 roi n n d iv i d e , ra n n U roi n nt roi n nte

a n mod h coi n n io l lach the conditional mood
roi n n fi n n n i roi n nfead h
ro i n nfea a n ro i n nfea d h ?
roi n nfea d h se/si g o ro i n nfead h
ro i n n fi m i s nach roi n nfea d h
roi n nfea d h s i b h
roi n n fi d is
roi n nfi ra n n fa d h U
1p/ roi n nfeadh m u id C 3p/ ran n fa d h siad U
a n a i m s i r g h nat h c h a ite t h e i m pe rfect tense

ro i n n i n n n i roi n nead h
roi n ntea a n roi n nead h ?
roi n nead h se/si g o roi n neadh
roi n n i m i s nach roi n nead h
roi n neadh s i b h
ro i n n i d is ra n n a d h U
roi n nti
1p/ roi n neadh m u id C 3p/ ra n n a d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m ra nn etc. U
an mod h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach l a it h reach

roi n n i m go ro i n n e m e
ro i n n ra n n U g o ro i n n e tu
ro i n n ea d h se/si go roi n n e se/sf
ro i n n i m i s go roi n n i m i d
roi n n ig i g o roi n n e s i b h
ro i n n i d is g o roi n n e siad
roi n ntea r g o ro i n ntea r
na roi n n n a r ro i n n e
3p/ ra n n a d h siad etc. U 1p/ g o roi n n e m u id C

go ran n a m e/m u i d U
177
,
1·
VERB TABLES
85 sa bhail save sa b h a i l sa bhai lte

s h a b h a i l me nfor s h a b h a i l
s h a b h a i l tu ar shabhail ?
s h a b h a i l se/sf g u r shabhail
shabhalamar nar shabhail
shabhail sibh n fo r sa b h a l a d h
s h a b h a i l siad a r sa b h a l a d h ?
sabhaladh g u r/nar s a b h a l a d h
1sg (do) shabhalas, 2sg (do) s h a b h a l a i s , 2pl (do) s ha bha l abhai r M

1pl shabhail m u id cu 3pl (d o) shabhaladar MC

sabha l a i m nf shabhalann
sa b h a l a n n tu an sabhalann?
sabha l a n n se/sf g o sa b h a l a n n
sabha l a i m i d nach s a b h a l a n n
sabha l a n n s i b h
sabha l a n n s i a d
sabhai ltea r
1 p l sabha l a n n m u i d cu 3 p l sabhalaid (siad) M rel. a shabhalas
a n a i m s i r fh aist i n each the fut u re tense

sabhalfa i d h m e n f s h a b ha lfa i d h
sabhalfa i d h tu a n s a bha l fa i d h ?
sabhalfa i d h se/sf g o sabha lfa i d h
s a b h a lfa i m i d n a c h sabhalfa i d h
s a b h a lfa i d h s i b h
sabhalfa i d h siad
sabha lfa r
1sg sabha lfa d , 2sg sabhalfa i r M sa bhalfa i d h m u i d C U

rel. a shabhalfas
1I
178
VERB TABLES
85 sa bhail save sa bhail sa bhai lte

a n m o d h coi n n io l lach the cond itio n a l mood
s h a b h a lfa i n n nf s h a b h a lfad h
s h a b h a lfa a n s a b h a lfad h ?
s h a b h a lfa d h se/sf g o s a b h a lfad h
s h a b h a lfa i m i s n a c h sa b h a l fad h
s h a b h a lfa d h s i b h
s h a b h a lfa i d fs
s h a b h a lfaf
1pl shabha lfa d h m u i d C 3pl shabha lfa d h siad u
a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite t h e i m pe rfect tense

shabhalai n n nf s h a b h a l a d h
s h a b h a i ltea a n sabhaladh ?
s h a b h a l a d h se/sf g o sa b h a l a d h
shabhalaimis n a c h sa b h a l a d h
shabhaladh sibh
s h a b h a l a i d fs
s h a b h a i ltf
1pl shabhaladh m u i d C 3pl shabhaladh siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m sa b h a i l etc. U
a n modh o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach l a it h reach

sabhalaim g o s a b h a l a me
sabhail g o s a b h a l a tu
sa b h a l a d h se/sf g o sa b h a l a se/sf
sa b h a l a i m i s go sabhalaimid
sa b h a l a i g f go sabhala sibh
sa b h a l a i d fs g o s a b h a l a siad
sa b h a i ltear g o sa b h a i ltea r
n a sa b h a i l nar shabhala
3pl sa b ha l a d h siad u 1pl g o sa bhala m u i d c u
179
VERB TAB LES
86 sca n raig h fri g h te n scan ru sca n raithe

sca n ra i g h me nior sca n ra i g h
sca n ra i g h tu a r sca n ra i g h ?
sca n ra i g h se/si g u r sca n ra i g h
sca n raio m a r n a r sca n ra i g h
sca n ra i g h s i b h n i o r scan raiod h
sca n ra i g h s i a d a r scan raiod h ?
sca n raiod h g u r/nar scan raiod h
1sg (do) sca n rafos, 2sg (do) sca n rafs, 2pl (do) sca n ra fo b h a i r M
1pl sca n ra i g h m u id U C 3p/ sca n rafodar MC

sca n raim n i scan raio n n
sca n raio n n tu a n scan raio n n ?
scan raio n n se/si g o sca n raio n n
sca n raim i d n a c h scan raio n n
scan raio n n s i b h
sca n raio n n siad
scan raitea r
1pl sca n rafo n n m u i d C 3p/ sca n rafd (siad) M

sca n ra i m , sca n ra n n se/m u i d U re/. a sca n rafos
a n a i m s i r fhaisti n each the fut u re tense

sca n r6 i d h m e n i sca n r6 i d h
sca n r6 i d h t u a n sca n r6 i d h ?
sca n r6 i d h se/si g o sca n r6 i d h
sca n r6i m i d n a c h sca n r6 i d h
sca n r6 i d h s i b h
sca n r6 i d h s i a d sca n r6c h a i d h U
scan r6fa r
1sg sca n r6d , 2sg sca n r6 i r M 1pl sca n r6 i d h m u id C

sca n r6c h a i d h me/m u i d etc. U re/. a scan r6s/a sca n r6chas
180
VE RB TABLES
86 scan raig h fri g h te n sca n ru sca n raithe

a n mod h coi n n io l lach t h e co n d itional mood
sca n r6 i n n n f sca n r6 d h
scan r6fa a n sca n r6d h ?
sca n r6d h se/sf g o sca n r6 d h
sca n r6 i m i s n a c h sca n r6 d h
sca n r6d h s i b h
sca n r6 i d fs sca n r6c h a d h U
scan r6faf
1sg sca n r6cha i n n , 3sg sca n r6chad h se/siad etc. U

1pl sca n r6 d h m u id C

sca n rafn n n f sca n rafod h
scan raftea a n scan rafod h ?
sca n rafo d h se/sf g o sca n rafod h
sca n rafm i s n a c h sca n rafo d h
sca n rafo d h s i b h
sca n rafd fs
scan raftf
1 p l scanrafo d h m u i d C 3pl sca n rafo d h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m sca n ru etc. u
an mod h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteac h l a i t h reach

sca n rafm go sca n ra f me
sca n ra i g h g o sca n ra f t u
sca n rafo d h se/sf g o sca n ra f se/sf
sca n rafm i s go sca n rafm i d
sca n ra fg i g o sca n ra f s i b h
scan rafdfs g o sca n ra f s i a d
scan raftea r g o scan raftear
n a sca n ra i g h n a r sca n raf
3pl sca n rafo d h siad U 1pl g o sca n raf m u i d CU
181
VERB TABLES
87 scaoil l o o s e n scao i l ead h scaoi lte

scao i l me n fo r sca o i l
sca o i l tu a r scao i l ?
sca o i l se/sf g u r sca o i l
scao i l eamar n a r sca o i l
scao i l sibh n f o r sca o i l ea d h
scao i l siad a r scao i l ead h ?
sca o i l ea d h g u r/nar scao i l ea d h
1sg (do) scaoi l eas. 2sg (do) scao i l i s . 2pl (do) scao i l ea b h a i r M
1pl scao i l m u id CU 3p/ (do) scao i l eadar MC

scao i l i m n f scao i l e a n n
scao i l e a n n t u a n scao i l ea n n ?
scao i l e a n n se/sf g o scao i l e a n n
scaoi l i m i d nach scao i l e a n n
scao i l e a n n s i b h
scao i l e a n n siad
scaoi ltear
1 p l scao i l e a n n m u i d CU 3 p l scaoi l i d (siad) M rel. a sca o i l eas

scao i l fi d h m e n i scaoi l fi d h
scao i l fi d h t u a n scao i l fi d h ?
scao i l fi d h se/sf g o scao i l fi d h
scao i l i m i d n a c h sca o i l fi d h
scao i l fi d h s i b h
scao i l fi d h s i a d
scaoi lfea r
1sg scaoi l fea d , 2sg scaoi l fi r M scaoi l fi d h m u i d C U

rel. a scaoi lfeas
182
VERB TABLES
87 scaoil l o o s e n scao i l ead h scaoi lte

a n m o d h coi n n io l l ach t h e conditional mood
scao i lfi n n n f scaoi lfead h
scaoi lfea a n scaoi lfead h ?
scaoi lfea d h se/sf g o scaoi lfead h
scaoi l fi m i s nach scaoi lfea d h
scaoi lfea d h s i b h
scao i l fi d fs
scaoi lff
1 p l scaoi lfeadh m u i d C 3p/ scaoi lfead h s i a d U

scao i l i n n n f scaoi l ead h
sca o i l tea a n scaoi l ead h ?
sca o i l ead h se/sf g o scaoi l ea d h
scaoi l i m i s n a c h scaoi l ea d h
scao i lead h s i b h
scao i l i d fs
scaoi ltf
1 p l scaoi l ea d h m u i d C 3p/ scaoi l ea d h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m scao i lead h etc. U
an m o d h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach l a i t h reach

scaoi l i m go scaoi l e me
sea o i l g o scao i l e tu
scao i l e a d h se/sf g o scaoi l e se/sf
scao i l i m i s go scao i l i m i d
scao i l i g f g o scaoi l e s i b h
scao i l i d fs g o scaoi l e siad
scaoi ltear g o sca o i l tear
na sca o i l n a r scao i l e
3 p / scaoi leadh s i a d U 1pl g o scaoi l e m u i d C U
183
i i '
VERB TABLES
88 scriobh w rite scrio b h scriofa

scrfo b h m e nfor scrfo b h
scrfo b h t u a r scrfo b h ?
scrfo b h se/sf g u r scrfo b h
scrfo b h a m a r n a r scrfo b h
scrfo b h s i b h n f o r scrfo b h a d h
sc rfo b h siad a r scrfo b h a d h ?
scrfo b h a d h g u r/nar scrfo b h a d h
1sg (do) scrfo bhas, 2sg (do) scrfo b h a i s , 2 p l (do) scrfo b h a b h a i r M

1pl scrfo bh m u id CU 3pl (do) scrfobhadar MC

scrfo b h a i m n f scrfo b h a n n
scrfo b h a n n t u a n scrfo b h a n n ?
scrfo b h a n n se/sf g o scrfo b h a n n
scrfo b h a i m i d nach scrfo b h a n n
scrfo b h a n n s i b h
scrfo b h a n n s i a d
scrfobhtar
1 p l scrfo b h a n n m u i d CU 3 p l scrfobhaid (siad) M rel. a sc rfo bhas
a n a i m s i r fhaist i n each t h e fut u re tense

scrfo bhfa i d h m e n f scrfo bhfa i d h
scrfobhfa i d h tu a n scrfo bhfa i d h ?
scrfo bhfa i d h se/sf g o scrfobhfa i d h
scrfo bhfa i m i d n a c h scrfo bhfa i d h
scrfo bhfa i d h s i b h
scrfo bhfa i d h siad
scrfobhfa r
1sg sc riobhfa d , 2sg scrfo bhfa i r M scrfo bhfa i d h mu i d C U

rel. a scrfobhfas
184
VERB TABLES
88 scriobh write scrio bh scriofa

an m o d h coi n n io l l ac h t h e c o n d itional mood
sc rfobhfa i n n n f sc rfo b hfad h
sc rfo bhfa a n scrfo bhfa d h ?
scrfo bhfa d h se/sf g o sc rfo bhfa d h
sc rfo bhfa i m i s nach sc rfo bhfa d h
sc rfo bhfa d h s i b h
sc rfo bhfa i d fs
sc rfo b hfaf
1 p l sc rfo bhfadh m u i d C 3pl scrfo bhfa d h s i a d U
a n a i m s i r g h n athchaite the i m perfect tense

scrfo b h a i n n n f scrfo b h a d h
scrfo b hta a n scrfo b h ad h ?
scrfo b h a d h se/sf g o scrfo b h a d h
scrfo b h a i m i s nach scrfo b h a d h
scrfo b h a d h s i b h
sc rfo b h a i d fs
scrfo bhtaf
1 p l scrfo bhadh m u id C 3pl scrfo b h a d h s i a d u

Ba g h nach l i o m scrfobh u

scrfo b h a i m go scrfo b h a m e
scrfo b h g o scrfo b h a tu
scrfo b h a d h se/sf g o scrfo b h a se
scrfo b h a i m i s go scrfo b h a i m i d
scrfo b h a i g f g o sc rfo b h a s i b h
scrfo b h a i d fs g o sc rfo b h a s i a d
scrfobhtar g o scrfo b htar
na scrio b h nar scrfo b h a
pl scrio b h a d h s i a d U 1 p l g o scrfo bha m u i d C U
185
" I
VERB TABLES
89 seach a i n avo i d seach a i nt seacha nta

sheac h a i n me n io r s h e a c h a i n
sheac h a i n tu a r sheachai n ?
sheac h a i n se/sf g u r s h eac h a i n
sheach nafo m a r n a r sheach a i n
sheac h a i n s i b h n fo r seac h n afod h
sheac h a i n s i a d a r seac h nafo d h ?
seach nafo d h g u r/nar seac h nafod h
1sg (do) sheach naios. 2sg (do) sheach nais. 2p/ (do) sheachnaio b h a i r M
1 pl sheachai n m u id U C 3p/ sheachnaiodar MC

sea c h n afm n f sheachnafo n n
seach nafo n n tu a n seac h nafo n n ?
seac h naio n n se/sf g o seac h naio n n
seach nafm i d n a c h seach nafo n n
seac h nafo n n s i b h
seac h nafo n n siad
seac h naftear
1 pl seachnafonn m u i d C 3p/ seach nafd (siad) M seachnai m , seac h n a n n s e . m u i d etc. U

rel. a sheach nafos/a sheachnas

seac h n 6 i d h m e n f sheac h n 6 i d h
seac h n 6 i d h tu a n seac h n 6 i d h ?
seac h n 6 i d h se/sf g o seac h n 6 i d h
seac h n 6 i m i d nach seac h n 6 i d h
seac h n 6 i d h s i b h
seach n 6 i d h s i a d seac h n 6 c h a i d h U
seac h n 6fa r
1sg seac h n 6 d , 2sg seach n 6 i r M seachn6chaid h me/ m u id etc. U

1 pl seac h n 6 i d h m u id C rel . a sheachn6s/a sheachn6chas
186
VERB TABLES
89 seach a i n avo i d seachaint seacha nta

an mod h coi n n io l lach the c o n d itional mood
sheac h n 6 i n n n i sheach n 6 d h
sheach n6fa a n seac h n 6d h ?
s h eac h n 6 d h se/sf g o seach n 6 d h
s h each n 6 i m i s nach seac h n 6 d h
s h eac h n 6 d h s i b h
s h each n 6 i d fs sheac h n 6chad h U
s h eac h n 6faf
1sg sheach n6cha i n n , 3sg sheachn6chadh se, Siad etc. u

1pl sheach n 6 d h m u i d C
an a i m s i r g h nath c h a ite the i m pe rfect tense

sheachnafnn n i sheac h n aiod h
sheac h naftea a n seac h nafod h ?
s h eac h nafod h se/si g o seach naiod h
s h each nafm is nach seac h nafo d h
sheachn aio d h sibh
s h eac h naidis
s h eac h naiti
1pl sheachnaiod h m u i d C 3p/ sheachn afod h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m seach a i n t etc. U

sea c h n afm g o seac h nai m e
seac h a i n g o seac h nai tu
seach naiod h se/si g o seach nai se/sf
seach nafm i s go seac h naimid
sea c h n aigf g o seac h nai sibh
seac h n a id is g o seac h nai siad
seac h naftea r g o seach naitea r
na seac h a i n n a r sheach naf
3pl seachnaio d h siad U 1pl g o seach naf m u i d CU
187
VERB TABLES
go seas sta n d seasa m h seasta

an a i m s i r c h a ite the past te nse
s h eas m e n io r s h eas
s h eas tu a r sheas?
s h eas se/si g u r sheas
sheasa m a r n a r s h eas
s h eas s i b h nior seasa d h
s h e a s siad a r seasad h ?
seasad h g u r/nar seasa d h
isg (do) s h easas, 2sg (do) s h easa i s , 2pl (do) sheasa b h a i r M

1pl sheas m u id CU 3pl (do) sheasadar MC seas = seasa i g h U

seasa i m n i sheasa n n
seasa n n t u a n seasa n n ?
seas a n n se/si g o seasa n n
seasa i m i d n a c h seasa n n
seasa n n s i b h
seasa n n siad
seas tar
ipl seasa n n m u i d C U 3pl seasa i d (siad) M rel. a sheasas
an a i m s i r fhaisti neach the fut u re te nse

seasfa i d h m e n i sh easfa i d h
seasfa i d h tu a n seasfa i d h ?
seasfa i d h se/si g o seasfa i d h
seasfa i m i d n a c h seasfa i d h
seasfa i d h s i b h
seasfa i d h siad
seasfa r
isg seasfa d , 2sg seasfa i r M seasfa i d h m u i d C

seas6c h a i d h me/m u i d etc. U rel. a sheasfas/a s heas6chas
188
VERB TABLES
go seas sta n d seasa m h seasta

a n mod h coi n n fol lach t h e co n d itional mood
s h easfa i n n n f s h easfa d h
sheasfa a n seasfa d h ?
s h e a sfad h se/sf g o seasfa d h
s h e a sfa i m i s n a c h seasfa d h
sh e a sfad h s i b h
sheasfa i d fs
s h e a sfaf
1 p l sheasfa d h m u i d C 3pl sheas6chadh se/siad etc. U
an a i m s i r g h n at h c h a ite t h e i m pe rfect tense

s h e a sa i n n n f s h easa d h
s h e a sta a n seasa d h ?
sh easad h se/sf g o seasa d h
sheasa i m i s n a c h seasa d h
s h easad h s i b h
s h easa i d fs
s heastaf
1pl sheasa d h m u id C 3pl sheasad h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m seasa m h etc. U

seasa i m g o seasa m e
seas g o seasa t u
seasa d h se/sf g o seasa se/sf
e a sa i m i s go seasa i m i d
easa i g f g o seasa s i b h
easa i d fs g o seasa siad
ea sta r g o seasta r
na seas n a r s h easa
pl seasadh siad U 1pl g o seasa m u i d CU
189
VE RB TABLES
91 sin stretc h sinead h sinte

s h in m e n io r s h in
s h i n tu ar shin?
shin se/si g u r shin
shinea m a r n a r s h in
shin sibh nior sin ead h
shin siad a r sinead h ?
sinead h g u r/nar sinead h
1sg (do) shfneas. 2sg (do) s h f n i s . 2pl (do) shfnea b h a i r M

1pl shfn m u id CU 3pl (do) shfneadar MC

sin i m n i shfnea n n
sinea n n t u a n sinea n n ?
sinea n n se/si g o sinea n n
sin i m i d nach sinea n n
sinea n n s i b h
sinea n n siad
sintea r
1pl sfnea n n m u i d C U 3pl sfn i d (siad) M rel. a s h fneas

sinfi d h m e n i shinfi d h
sinfi d h tu a n sinfi d h ?
sinfi d h se/sf g o sfnfi d h
sinfi m i d nach sinfi d h
sinfi d h s i b h
sinfi d h s i a d
sinfea r
1sg sfnfead , 2sg sfnfi r M sfnfi d h m u i d C U rel. a shfnfeas
190
VERB TABLES
91 sin stretc h sin ead h sinte

a n modh coi n n io l l ach the cond itional mood
s h fnfi n n n f s h infead h
s h infea a n sinfea d h ?
s h infead h se/si g o sinfea d h
shinfi m i s n a c h sinfead h
s hinfead h s i b h
sh i n fi d fs
sh fnff
ipl sh fnfea d h m u i d C 3p/ s h infead h siad U
a n a i m si r g h nathchaite the i m perfect tense

s h in i n n n i shinead h
s h fntea a n sinea d h ?
s h fnead h se/si g o sinea d h
s h in i m i s n a c h sinea d h
shfneadh sibh
s h f n i d is
s h inti
ipl s h ineadh m u i d C 3p/ s h fnea d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m sinea d h U
a n modh o rd a itheach a n fosh u iteach laith reach

sfn i m g o sfne m e
sfn g o sfne tu
sfnea d h se/si g o sine se/si
sfn i m i s g o sfn i m i d
sin i g i g o sfne s i b h
sin i d is g o s i n e siad
sfntea r g o sintea r
n a sfn nar shine
3pl sfnead h siad U i p l g o s i n e m u id CU
191
VERB TABLES
92 sin ig h s i g n sin i u sin ithe

s h in i g h m e n io r s h in i g h
shin i g h t u a r s h in i g h ?
s h in i g h se/si g u r s h in i g h
shinio m a r n a r s h in i g h
shin i g h s i b h nior sinio d h
shin i g h siad a r siniod h ?
siniod h g u r/nar sinio d h
1sg (do) s h in io s , 2sg (do) s h infs. 2pl (do) shfnfo b h a i r M

1pl s h fn i g h m u id U C Jpl shin iodar MC

sinim n i s h i n io n n
sinio n n tu a n sinio n n ?
sinio n n se/si g o sinio n n
sinim i d nach sinio n n
sinio n n s i b h
sinio n n siad
sinitea r
1pl sinio n n m u i d C 3pl sin i d (siad) M

sin i m , sinea n n se/m u i d U rel. a shinfos

sineo i d h m e n i shineoidh
sineo id h tu a n sineo i d h ?
sineo i d h se/si g o sin e o i d h
sineo i m i d nach sin e o i d h
sineo i d h s i b h
sineo i d h s i a d sineoc h a i d h U
sineofa r
1sg sfneo d , 2sg sfneoi r M 1pl sfneo i d h m u id C

sfneoc h a i d h me/m u id etc. U rel. a shfneos/a sh fneochas
192
VERB TABLES
92 sin i g h s i g n sin i u sin ithe

an modh coin niol lach the co n d itional mood
shfneoinn nf shfneod h
shfneofa an sfneo d h ?
shfneo d h se/si g o sin e o d h
shfneo i m i s n a c h sin e o d h
shfneo d h s i b h
s h f n e o i d is s h i n e oc h a d h U
shfneofa f
1sg shfneocha i n n , 3sg s h fneochadh se, Siad etc. u

1pl shfneodh m u id C
a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m perfect te nse

shfnfnn n f s h f n io d h
shfnftea a n sfnio d h ?
s h f n fo d h se/sf g o sfnfo d h
s h fn fm i s n a c h sinio d h
s h fn io d h s i b h
shinid is
s h i n iti
1pl shfnfodh m u i d C , 3pl shfnfodh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m sfn i u etc. u

sfnim g o sin f m e
sf n i g h g o sinitu
sinio d h se/si g o sfnf se/sf
sfnim i s g o sfnfm i d
sinigi g o sini sibh
sinid is g o sini siad
sfnftea r g o sfnitea r
na sfn i g h nar shini
3pl sfnfod h siad U 1 p l g o s f n f m u id CU
193
VERB TAB L E S
93 si u i l wa l k si u l s i u lta
shiuil me n fo r s h i u i l
s h i u i l tu ar shiuil?
s h i u i l se/sf g u r sh i u i l
shiulamar nar shiuil
shiuil sibh n fo r s i u l a d h
s h i u i l siad ar siuladh?
siuladh g u r/n a r s i u l a d h
1sg (do) s h i u las, 2sg (do) s h i u la i s , 2pl (do) s h i u la b h a i r M

1pl s h i u i l m u id cu 3pl (do) s h i u ladar MC

siulaim nf shiulann
siulann tu an siulan n?
s i u l a n n se/sf go siulann
siulaimid nach siulann
siulann sibh
siulann siad
s i u ltar
1pl s i u l a n n m u i d cu 3pl s i u l a i d (siad) M rel. a s h i u las

s i u lfa i d h m e n f s h i u lfa i d h
s i u lfa i d h tu a n s i u lfa i d h ?
s i u lfa i d h se/sf g o s i u lfa i d h
s i u lfa i m i d n a c h s i u lfa i d h
s i u lfa i d h s i b h
s i u lfa i d h siad
s i u lfa r
1sg s i u lfa d , 2sg s i u lfa i r M s i u lfa i d h m u i d cu rel. a s h i u lfas
194
VERB TABLES
93 s i u i l wa l k si u l siu lta
a n modh coin niol lach the conditional mood
s h i u l fa i n n n f s h i u lfad h
s h i u l fa a n s i u lfad h ?
s h i u lfa d h se/sf g o s i u lfad h
s h i u lfai m i s n a c h s i u lfa d h
s h i u lfa d h s i b h
s h i u lfa i d fs
s h i u lfaf
1pl s h i u lfadh m u i d C 3pl s h i u lfadh siad u

shiulain n nfshiuladh
s h i u lta an siuladh?
s h i u la d h se/sf go siuladh
shiulaimis nach siuladh
shiuladh sibh
s h i u l a i d fs
s h i u ltaf
1pl s h i u ladh mu i d C 3p/ s h i u ladh siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m s i u l etc. u

siulaim go siula me
siuil go siula tu
s i u l a d h se/sf g o s i u l a se
siulaimis go siulaimid
siulaigf go siula sibh
s i u l a i d fs go siula siad
s i u ltar g o s i u ltar
na s i u i l n a r s h i u la
3pl siu ladh siad u 1pl go siula m u id cu
195
VERB TABLES
94 smaoi n i g h t h i n k s m aoi n ea m h smaoi n ithe

smao i n i g h m e n fo r smaoi n i g h
smaoi n i g h t u ar smaoi nigh?
smaoi n i g h se/sf g u r smaoi n i g h
smaoi n fo m a r n a r smaoi n i g h
smao i n i g h s i b h n fo r s m a o i n io d h
smao i n i g h siad a r s m a o i n fod h ?
smaoi n io d h g u r/nar smaoi n fo d h
1sg (do) smaoi nios, 2sg (do) smao i n is , 2pl (do) smaoiniobhair M
1p/ smaoi n i g h m u id U C 3p/ sm aoi niodar MC smaoiti g h U

s m a o i n im ni smaoinionn
s m ao i n fo n n tu a n s m a o i n io n n ?
smao i n io n n se/si go smaoinionn
smaoinfmid nach s m a o i n i o n n
s m a o i n fo n n s i b h
s m a o i n fo n n s i a d sm aoitea n n U
s m a o i n ftea r
1p/ smao i n io n n m u id C 3p/ s m a o i n id (siad) M

smaoiti m , smaoitea n n se/m u i d U rel. a smao i n ios
a n a i m s i r fhaisti neach the future tense

smaoineoidh m e nf s m a o i n e o i d h
s m a o i n e o i d h tu a n smaoi neoi d h ?
smaoineoid h se/sf go smaoineoidh
s m a o i n eo i m i d nach s m a o i n e o i d h
smaoineoid h s i b h
s m a o i n eo i d h s i a d smao iteoc h a i d h U
s m a o i n eofa r
1sg smaoi neod , 2sg smaoineoir M 1p/ s m a o i n e o i d h m u id C

smaoiteoc h a i d h me/mu id etc. U rel. a smaoineos/a smaoiteochas
196
VERB TABLES
94 smaoi n i g h t h i n k smaoi n ea m h s m aoi n ithe
an mod h coi n n iol lach the conditional mood

maoi n eo i n n n i smaoi neod h
m a o i n eofa an smaoi neod h ?
maoineodh se/si g o smaoi neod h
m a o i n eo i m i s nach s m a o i n e o d h
m a o i n eod h s i b h
m a o i n eo i d is smaoiteoc h a d h U
m a o i neofai
isg s maoiteocha i n n , 3sg smao iteochadh se, siad etc. U

ipl smaoineodh m u id C
an a i m s i r g h nath chaite the i m perfect tense

mao i n i n n n i smaoi n io d h
m a o i n itea a n s m a o i n iod h ?
m a o i n io d h se/si g o smaoi n iod h
maoinimis nach s m a o i n io d h
m a o i n io d h s i b h
maoi n id is
s maoi n iti
i p l smaoi niod h m u id C, 3pl smaoitiod h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m smaoitiu etc. u

m a o i n im g o smao i n i m e
mao i n i g h g o s m a o i n i tu
s maoi n io d h se/si go smao i n i se/si
smaoinimis go smaoinimid
maoi nigi go smaoini sibh
m a o i n id is go smaoini siad
mao i n itea r g o s m a o i n itea r
na smaoi n i g h nar smaoini
p l smaoitiod h siad U i p l g o s m a o i n i m u i d CU
197
VERB TABLES
95 socraig h sett l e socru socraithe

an a i m s i r chaite the past te nse
shocra i g h m e nior shocra i g h
shocra i g h tu a r s h o c ra i g h ?
shocra i g h se/si g u r s h o c ra i g h
shocraio m a r n a r s h oc ra i g h
shocra i g h s i b h nior socraio d h
s h o c ra i g h siad a r socraio d h ?
socraio d h g u r/na r socraio d h
1sg (do) shocraios, 2sg (do) shocrais, 2p/ (do) shocrafo b h a i r M

1p/ shocra i g h m u i d U C 3p/ shocraiodar MC

socraim n i s h o c raion n
socraio n n tu a n socraio n n ?
socraio n n se/si g o socraio n n
socraim i d n a c h socra io n n
socraio n n s i b h
socraio n n s i a d
socraftear
1p/ socraion n m u i d C 3p/ socraid (siad) M

socra i m , socra n n se/ m u i d U re/. a shocraios

socr6 i d h m e n f s h ocr6id h
socr6 i d h tu a n socr6 i d h ?
socr6 i d h se/sf g o socr6 i d h
socr6 i m i d n a c h socr6 i d h
socr6 i d h s i b h
socr6 i d h siad socr6ch a i d h U
socr6fa r
1sg socr6 d , 2sg socr6 i r M 1p/ socr6 i d h m u i d C

socr6cha i d h m e/m u id etc. U re/. a shocr6s/a shocr6chas
198
VERB TABLES
95 socraig h sett l e socru socraithe

an mod h coi n n io l lach the conditio n a l mood
shocr6 i n n n f s h ocr6d h
hocr6fa a n socr6 d h ?
hocr6d h se/sf g o socr6 d h
hocr6 i m i s nach socr6 d h
h o c r6d h s i b h
shocr6 i d fs shocr6chad h U
hocr6faf
1sg s h ocr6cha i n n , 3sg shocr6chadh se/siad etc. U

1pl s hocr6 d h m u id C

s hocrafn n n f shocrafod h
hocraftea a n socrafod h ?
shocrafod h se/sf g o socrafo d h
shocrafm is nach socrafod h
shocrafo d h s i b h
s hocrafdfs
shocraftf
1pl shocrafod h m u i d C 3PI shocrafod h siad U

Ba g hn ach l i o m socru etc. U

the i m perative mood the present s u bj u nctive
socrafm g o socraf m e
socra i g h g o socra f t u
socrafo d h se/sf g o socraf se/sf
socrafm i s go socrafm i d
socrafgf g o socraf s i b h
socrafdfs g o socraf siad
socraftear g o socraftea r
na socra i g h n a r s ho c raf
3pl socrafodh s i a d u 1 p l g o socraf m u i d CU
199
VERB TABLES
96 sta m pa i l sta m p sta m pa i l sta m pai lte

sta m p a i l me nfor sta m pa i l
sta m pa i l tu a r sta m pa i l ?
sta m p a i l se/sf g u r sta m pa i l
sta m pa l a m a r n a r sta m pa i l
sta m p a i l s i b h nfor sta m pa l a d h
sta m p a i l s i a d a r sta m pa l ad h ?
sta m pa l a d h g u r/n a r sta m pa l a d h
1sg (do) sta m palas, 2sg (do) sta m pa l a i s , 2pl (do) sta m pa l a b h a i r M
1pl sta m pa i l m u id cu 3pl (do) sta m paladar MC

sta m pa l a i m n f sta m p a l a n n
sta m p a l a n n t u a n sta m pa l a n n ?
sta m p a l a n n se/sf g o sta m p a l a n n
sta m p a l a i m i d n a c h sta m pa l a n n
sta m p a l a n n s i b h
sta m p a l a n n siad
sta m pa i ltear
1pl sta m pa l a n n m u id c u 3pl sta m palaid (siad) M

rel. a sta m palas

sta m palfa i d h m e n f sta m palfa i d h
sta m palfa i d h t u a n sta m palfa i d h ?
sta m pa l fa i d h se/sf g o sta m palfa i d h
sta m palfa i m i d nach sta m palfa i d h
sta m pa l fa i d h s i b h
sta m palfa i d h siad
sta m pa lfa r
1sg sta m palfa d , 2sg sta m palfa i r M sta m palfa i d h m u i d cu

rel. a sta mpalfas
200
VERB TABLES
96 sta m pa i l sta m p sta m pa i l sta m pai lte

n mod h con niol lach the con d itional mood
t a m palfa i n n n f sta m palfa d h
• t m pa lfa a n sta m pa l fa d h ?
t m pa lfad h se/sf g u r sta m pa i l
t m palfa i m i s g o sta m pa lfad h
t m pa lfad h s i b h n a c h sta m pa lfad h
t m pa lfa ifis
1pl stam pa lfadh mu id C 3p/ stam palfadh siad u
a n aimsi r g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect tense

t a m pa l a i n n n f sta m pa l a d h
t a m p a i ltea a n sta m pa l a d h ?
t a m pa l a d h se/sf g o sta m pa l a d h
ta m p a l a i m i s n a c h sta m pa l a d h
tampaladh sibh
tampaladfs
ta m pa i ltf
1 p l sta m paladh m u i d C 3p/ stampaladh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m stampails etc. u

ta m pa l a i m go sta m pa l a m e
sta m p a i l g o sta m p a l a t u ?
ta m p a l a d h se/sf g o sta m pa l a se/sf
ta m palfa i m i s go sta m p a l a i m i d
ta m p a l a i g f g o sta m pa l a s i b h
ta m pa lfa i d fs g o sta m pa l a s i a d
tampai ltear g o sta m pa i ltear
na sta m pa i ltear n a r sta m pa i l tear
pl sta m paladh siad u 1 p l go stampala m u id cu
201
VERB TABLES
97 suig h s i t sui su ite

shuigh me n fo r s h u i g h
s h u i g h tu ar shuigh?
s h u i g h se/sf gur shuigh
s h u fo m a r narshuigh
shuigh sibh sufor s u fod h
s h u i g h siad a r s u fod h ?
s u io d h g u r/n a r s u fo d h
1sg (do) s h u fos. 2sg (do) sh ufs, 2pl (do) s h u fo b h a i r M

1pl s h u i g h m u i d CU 3pl (do) s h u fodar MC
a n ai msi r laith reach the p resent tense

sufm n f s h u fo n n
s u fo n n tu a n s u fo n n ?
s u fo n n se/si g o s u fo n n
sufmid n a c h s u io n n
s u fo n n s i b h
s u fo n n siad
su itea r
1pl sufonn m u i d C U 3PI s u fd (siad) M rel. a s h u fos

s u ffi d h m e nf s h u ifi d h
s u ifi d h tu a n s u ffi d h ?
s u ffi d h se/sf g o s u ffi d h
s u ifi m i d n a c h s u ifi d h
s u ffi d h s i b h
s u ifi d h siad
s u ifea r
1sg s u ffead , 2sg s u ffi r M s u ffi d h m u i d C U rel. a s h u ffeas
202
VERB TABLES
97 suig h s i t sui su ite

a n mod h coi n n iol lach the con d itional mood
h u ffi n n n f s h u ffea d h
h u ffea a n s u ffea d h ?
h u ffead h se/sf g o s u ffead h
h u ffi m i s n a c h s u ffead h
h u ffead h s i b h
h u ffi d fs
h u fff
1pl s h u ffead h m u i d C 3pl s h u ffea d h siad U

hufnn n f s h u iod h
h u itea a n s u fo d h ?
h u fod h se/sf g o s u io d h
h u fm i s n a c h s u fo d h
h u fo d h si b h
h u fd fs
h u itf
1pl s h u fo d h m u i d C 3pl s h u fo d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m s u f etc. U
a n mod h o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

ufm go suf me
uigh go suitu
u fod h se/sf g o s u f se/si
su f m i s go s u f m i d
s u fg f go suf sibh
u fd fs go suf siad
u i tea r g o s u itear
na s u i g h narshuf
p l sufodh siad U 1pl g o s u f m u i d CU
203
VERB TABLES
98 ta bhai r g ive ta bhairt tugtha

thug m e n fo r th u g
thug tu arthug?
t h u g se/sf g u r th u g
thugamar narthug
thug sibh n fo r tugad h
th_u�g�s_ia_d a r tugad h ?
_ __________
tugad h g u r/n a r t u g a d h
1sg (do) t h u g a s , 2sg (do) t h u g a i s , 2 p l (do) t h u g a b ha i r M 1 p l t h u g m u i d C U

3 p l (do) t h u g a d a r MC n f t h u g , a n/g o/nach d t u g CU

tugaim nf thugann
t u g a n n tu a n dtu g a n n ?
tug a n n se/sf g o dtu g a n n
tugaimid nach dtugann
tugann sibh
t u g a n n siad indep. b h ei r U
t u g ta r
1p/ t u g a n n m u i d CU 3p/ tugaid (siad) M re/. a thugas - a b h ei r U lndep. b h e i ri m ,

b h e i r tu/se/m u i d , b h e i rtear etc. u var. ta b h ra n n

ta b h a rfa i d h m e n f t h a b h a rfa i d h
ta b h a rfa i d h tu an dta b h a rfa i d h ?
ta b h a rfa i d h se/sf g o dta b h a rfa i d h
ta b h a rfa i m i d n a c h dta b h a rfa i d h
ta b h a rfa i d h s i b h indep. bhearfa i d h u
ta b h a rfa i d h s i a d t i u b h a rfa i d h MC
ta b h a rfa r
1sg ta bharfa d , 2sg ta b h a rfa i r M

ta bharfa i d h m u i d , rel. a thabharfas C
indep. bhearfa i d h me, tu , se m u i d , bhearfa r etc. rel. - a bhearfas u
'
204
VERB TABLES
98 ta b h a i r g ive ta bhai rt tugtha

an mod h coi n n io l l ach t h e co n d itional mood
t ha b h a rfa i n n n i t h a b h a rfad h
t ha b h a rfa a n dta b h a rfad h ?
h a b h a rfad h se/si g o dta b h a rfad h
t ha b h a rfa i m i s nach dta b h a rfad h
t ha b h a rfad h s i b h indep. bhearfa d h u
t ha b h a rfai d is t h i u b h a rfad h M C
t ha b h a rfai
1pl thabharfad h m u i d C
indep. bhearfa i n n , bhearfa , bhearfa d h se/s i a d , bhearfa i m i s , bhearfaf u

t hugain n n i th u g a d h
t h ug ta a n dtuga d h ?
t h u g a d h se/si go dtugadh
thugaimis nach d t u g a d h
t h ug a d h s i b h
t h u g a i d is
t h u gtai
1plthugadh m uid C
indep. b h e i ri n n , b h e i rthea , b h e i read h se/s i a d , b h e i r i m i s , bhei rtf u
Ba g h nach l i o m ta b h a i rt U var. dep. ta b h radh

tugai m g o dtuga me
ta b h a i r dia l . t u g g o dtuga tu
tugad h se/si go dtuga se/si
tugaimis go dtu g a i m i d
tugaigi go dtuga sibh
tugaidis g o dtuga siad
tugtar g o dtugtar
na ta b h a i r nar thuga
3 p l tugadh s i a d U 1pl g o dtuga m u i d C U
205
V E R B TAB L E S
99 taga i r refe r tagai rt taga rtha

thaga i r m e nfor t h ag a i r
thag a i r tu a r thag a i r?
thag a i r se/sf g u r thag a i r
thag rafo m a r n a r thaga i r
thag a i r s i b h nfor tag rafo d h
thag a i r s i a d a r tag rafod h ?
tag rafod h g u r/nar tag rafo d h
isg (do) thag rafos. 2sg (do) thag rafs. 2 p l (do) thag rafo b h a i r M
ipl thag a i r m u id UC 3p/ (do) thagrafoda r MC

tag rafm n f thag rafo n n
tag rafo n n tu a n dtag rafo n n ?
tag rafo n n se/sf g o dtag rafo n n
tag rafm i d nach dtag rafo n n
tag rafo n n s i b h
tag rafo n n siad
tag raftea r
ipl tag rafo n n m u id C 3pl tag rafd (siad) M

tag ra i m , tag ra n n se, m u i d etc. U rel. a thag rafos/a thag ras

tag r6 i d h m e n f thag r6 i d h
tag r6 i d h tu a n dta g r6 i d h ?
tag r6 i d h se/sf g o dtag r6i d h
tag r6 i m i d nach dtag r6 i d h
tag r6 i d h s i b h
tag r6 i d h siad tag r6ch a i d h u
tag r6fa r
isg tag r6d , 2sg tag r6 i r M tag r6c h a i d h me/m u id etc. U

ipl tag r6 i d h m u id C rel. a thag r6s/a thag r6chas
206
VERB TABLES
99 taga i r refe r taga i rt tag a rtha

t h a g r6 i n n n f thag r6 d h
thag r6fa a n dtag r6d h ?
thagr6 d h se/sf g o dtag r6d h
thag r6 i m i s nach dtag r6 d h
thagr6d h s i b h
thag r6 i d fs thag r6chad h U
thag r6faf
isg thag r6cha i n n , 3sg thag r6chadh se. siad etc. u

ipl thagr6 d h m u id C

thag rafnn n f thag rafo d h
t h a g raftea a n dtag rafod h ?
thag rafo d h se/sf g o dtag rafo d h
thag rafm i s nach dtag rafo d h
thag rafo d h s i b h
thag rafdfs
t h a g raftf
i p l thagrafod h m u i d C 3pl thag rafo d h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m t a g airt etc U
.

the i m perative m ood the present s u bj u n ctive
tag rafm g o dta g raf m e
taga i r g o dtag raf tu
tag rafo d h se/sf g o dtag raf se/sf
tag rafm i s go dtag rafm i d
tag rafgf g o dtag raf s i b h
tag rafd fs g o dtag raf s i a d
tag raftear g o dtag raftea r
na tag a i r n a r thag raf
3 p l tag rafod h s i a d U i p l g o dtag raf m u i d CU
207
VERB TABLES
1 00 taispea i n s h ow taispeaint taispea nta

thaispea i n m e n fo r thaispea i n
thaispea i n tu a r thaispea i n ?
thaispea i n se/sf g u r t h a i s peai n
thaispea n a m a r n a r thaispea i n
thaispea i n s i b h n fo r ta i spea n a d h
thaispeain siad a r taispeanad h ?
taispea n a d h g u r/nar ta ispea n a d h
isg (do) thaispea nas. 2sg (do) thaispeanais. 2p/ (do) thaispea n a b h a i r M
ipl thaispeain m u id cu 3pl (do) thaispeanadar MC dial. spa i n se etc.
an a i m s i r laith reach t h e present tense

taispea n a i m n f thaispea n a n n
taispea n a n n tu a n dtaispea n a n n ?
ta ispea n a n n se/sf g o dtaispea n a n n
taispea n a i m i d n a c h dtaispea n a n n
ta ispea n a n n s i b h
taispea n a n n siad dia l . s p a i n ea n n
taispeantar taisea n a n n u
ipl ta ispea n a n n mu id cu 3pl taispeanaid (siad) M

rel. a thaispeanas

ta i s peanfa i d h m e n f thai speanfa i d h
ta ispeanfa i d h t u a n dtaispeanfa i d h ?
ta ispeanfa i d h se/sf g o dtaispeanfa i d h
ta ispeanfa i m i d n a c h dta i s peanfa i d h
taispeanfa i d h s i b h
taispeanfa i d h siad dia l . s p a i nfi d h
tais pea nfa r ta iseanfa i d h u
isg tai speanfa d , 2sg taispeanfa i r M

tai s peanfa i d h m u id CU rel. a thaispea nfas
208
VERB TAB LES
100 taispea i n s h ow taispeaint taispea nta

t h a i s p e a n fa i n n n f t h a i s p e a nfad h
t h a i spea nfa a n d t a i s p e a n fa d h ?
t h a i s pe a n fa d h se/sf g o d t a i s p e a n fa d h
t h a i s p e a n fa i m i s n a c h d t a i s p e a n fa d h
t h a i s pe a n fa d h s i b h
t h a i s p e a nfai d fs dia l . s p a i nfead h
t h a i s p e a nfaf t h a i s e a nfad h u
1pl thaispeanfa d h mu id C, 3pl thaispeanfadh siad U

t h a is p e a n a i n n nf thaispeanad h
t h a i s p e a n ta a n d t a i s p ea n a d h ?
t h a i s p ea n a d h se/sf go dtaispea nad h
t h a i s p ea n a i m i s n a c h dta i s p e a n a d h
t h a i s pea n a d h s i b h
t h a i s p e a n a i dfs dia l . s p a i n e a d h
t h a i s pe a n ta f t h a i s ea n a d h u
1pl thaispeanadh m u id C 3p/ thaispea n a d h siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m taispea i n t etc. U

taispean a i m go d ta i s p e a n a m e
taispeai n dia l . s p a i n g o d ta i s p e a n a tu
ta i s pea n a d h se/sf g o dtaispeana se/sf
t a i s p ea n a i m i s g o d t a i s p ea n a i m i d
taispeanaigf go dtaispeana sibh
taispea n a i d fs go dtaispeana siad
ta i s p e a n t a r g o dta i speantar
na taispeain n a r t h a i s pe a n a
3 p l tai speanad h siad U 1 p l g o dtaispeana m u i d cu
209
VERB TAB L E S
1 01 taisti l t rave l taisteal taistea lta

thaistil m e n io r thaistil
thaisti l tu a r t h a i sti l ?
thaistil se/si g u r t h a i sti l
thaistea laio m a r n a r thaisti l
thaisti l s i b h nior tai stea laiod h
thaisti l siad
��
a r tai stea laio d h ?
tai stea laiod h g u r/nar taistea laio d h
1sg (do) thaistea lafos, 2sg (do) thaistea lafs, 2p/ (do) thaistea laio b h a i r M
1pl thaisti l m u id U C 3p/ thaistealaiodar M C
a n aimsir laithreach the p resent tense

tai stea lafm n f thaistea lafo n n
ta i stea l a fo n n tu a n dtaistea laio n n ?
tai stea laio n n se/si g o dtai stea laio n n
ta istea laimid n a c h dtaistea lafo n n
tai stea laio n n sibh
tai stea laio n n siad
tai stea laitea r
1 p l tai stealaio n n m u i d C 3p/ taistea lafd (siad) M tai stea l a i m , taisteal a n n se/m u i d etc.
U rel. a thaistea laios/a thaistea las
an aimsir fhaisti neach the futu re tense

tai stea l 6 i d h m e n f thai stea l 6 i d h
tai stea l 6 i d h tu a n dtai stea l 6 i d h ?
,I
tai stea l 6 i d h se/sf g o dtai stea l 6 i d h
ta i stea l 6 i m i d nach dtai stea l 6 i d h
taistea l 6 i d h s i b h
I ta i stea l 6 i d h s i a d tai stea l 6 c h a i d h u
tai stea l 6fa r
1sg taistea l 6 d , 2sg taistea l 6 i r M taistea l 6 c h a i d h me/mu id etc. U 1p/ taistea l 6 i d h

m u i d C rel. a thaistea l6s/a thaistea l6chas
210
VERB TAB L E S
1 01 taisti l t rave l taistea l taistea lta

t ha i stea l 6 i n n n f t h a i stea l 6 d h
t ha i stea l 6fa a n dta istea l 6d h ?
t h a istea l 6 d h se/sf g o dtaistea l 6 d h
t h a i stea l 6 i m i s nach dtai stea l 6 d h
t h a i stea l 6 d h s i b h
h a i stea l 6 i d fs tha istea l 6 c h a d h U
t ha i stea l 6faf
1sg thaisteal6cha i n n , 3sg thaistea l 6chad h se/s iad etc. u

1pl thaistea l 6 d h m u id C
a n aimsir g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect tense

h a i stea lafnn n f thaistea lafod h
t ha i stea laftea an dta i stea lafod h ?
thaistea lafod h se/sf g o dtaistea lafod h
thaistea lafmis nach dta i stea lafo d h
t h a i stea l a fod h sibh
t h a i stea l a fd fs
t h a i stea laftf
1 p l thai stea laio d h m u i d c thaistea l a i n n , thaistea l a d h se/siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m tai stea l etc. U
a n modh o rdaitheach an fos h u iteach laith reach

ta i stea lafm g o dta i stea laf m e
tai sti l g o dta i stea laf tu
taistea l afod h se/sf g o dta i stea laf se/sf
tai steala fm is go dtai stea l a fm i d
taistea lafgf g o dtaistea laf s i b h
tai stea lafd fs g o dta istea laf siad
t a i stea l a ftea r g o dtaistea l aftea r
na ta istil n a r thaistea laf
pl taistea l a d h se/siad u 1 p l g o dta i stea laf m u i d CU
211
VERB TABLES
i o2 taiti n s h i n e taitn ea m h tait n ithe

thaitin me n fo r t h a i ti n
t h a i t i n tu a r thaitin ?
thaitin se/sf g u r thaitin
t h a i t n fo m a r narthaitin
thaitin sibh nfor ta i t n fod h
t h a i t i n siad a r t a i t n fod h ?
taitnfo d h g u r/n a r taitnfod h
1sg (do) thaitnfos. 2sg (do) thaitnfs. 2pl (do) thaitnfo b h a i r M

1pl thaitin m u id UC 3pl thaitnfodar MC thaiti n l e = 'enjoyed' U

taitnfm n f t h a i t n fo n n
taitnfo n n t u a n dtaitnfo n n ?
taitnfo n n se/sf g o d ta i t n fo n n
ta i t n f m i d n a c h d t a i t n fo n n
taitnfo n n s i b h
taitnfo n n s i a d
taitnftear
1pl taitnfo n n m u i d C 3pl taitnid (siad) M

taitn i m . ta itnea n n se. m u id etc. U rel. a thaitnfos/a thaitneas

taitneo i d h m e n f t h a i t n eo i d h
taitneo i d h t u a n dtaitneoi d h ?
taitneo i d h se/sf g o d ta i t n eo i d h
taitneo i m i d n a c h dtaitneo i d h
taitneo i d h s i b h
taitneo i d h s i a d taitneoc h a i d h U
taitneofa r
1sg taitneo d . 2sg ta itneoi r M 1pl ta itneoi d h m u id C

taitneochaidh m e . m u id etc. U rel. a thaitneos/a thaitneochas
212
VERB TABLES
1 02 taiti n s h i n e taitnea m h taitnithe

an m o d h coi n niol lach the con d itional mood
t haitneo i n n n f thaitneod h
thaitneofa a n dtaitneod h ?
thaitneod h se/sf g o dtaitneod h
thaitneo i m i s nach dtaitneod h
thaitneo d h s i b h
thaitneo i d fs thaitneoc had h u
thaitneofaf
1sg thaitneoch a i n n , 3sg thaitneochadh se, siad etc. u

1pl thaitneodh m u id C

thaitnfnn n f thaitnfod h
thaitnftea a n dtaitnfod h ?
thaitnfod h se/sf g o dtaitnfod h
thaitnfmis nach dtaitnfo d h
thaitnfod h sibh
thaitnfd fs
thaitnftf
1pl thaitnfodh m u i d C 3pl thaitnfodh s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m taitnea m h etc. U

ta itnfm g o dtaitnf m e
taiti n g o d t a i t n f tu
ta itnfo d h se/sf g o dtaitnf se/sf
taitnfm i s go dtaitnfm i d
taitnfgf go dtaitnfsibh
ta itnfd fs g o dtaitnf siad
ta itnftea r g o dtaitnftea r
na taiti n n a r thaitnf
3pl taitnfod h siad U 1 p l g o dtaitnf m u i d CU
213
1I 1
VERB TABLES
i o3 ta r co m e teacht/theacht tagtha
tha i n i g m e n fo r t h a i n i g
tha i n i g tu a r th a i n i g ?
tha i n i g se/sf g u r th a i n i g
thanagamar narthainig
tha i n i g s i b h n fo r thangthas
t h a i n i g siad a r thangthas?
thangthas g u r/n a r t h a n gthas
1sg (do) thanag/tha i n fos, 2sg (do) tha i n fs , 2pl (do) thana b h a i r M
1pl tha i n i g m u id cu 3pl thangadar MC; vn tiocht c
Dep. n i thai n i g , an/g o/nach dta i n ig UC

tag a i m n f thaga n n
tag a n n tu a n dtag a n n ?
tag a n n se/sf g o dtaga n n
tag a i m i d nach dtag a n n
tag a n n s i b h
taga n n s i a d
tagta r
1pl taga n n m u i d C 3pl tag a i d (siad) M tig i m , t i g tu/se/m u i d etc. U teag a n n ;

v n t(h)iocht C

tiocfa i d h m e n f t h i ocfa i d h
ti ocfa i d h tu a n dti ocfa i d h ?
tiocfa i d h se/sf g o dti ocfa i d h
tiocfa i m i d n a c h dti ocfa i d h
ti ocfa i d h s i b h
tiocfa i d h siad
tiocfa r
1sg tiocfa d , 2sg tiocfa i r M tiocfa i d h m u i d CU t i u cf- MC
214
VERB TAB LES
1 03 ta r co m e teacht/theacht tagtha
an modh coi n n iol lach t h e conditional mood
t h i ocfa i n n n i t h i ocfa d h
t h i ocfa a n dti ocfa d h ?
t h i ocfa d h se/si g o dti ocfa d h
t h i ocfa i m i s n a c h dtiocfa d h
t h i ocfa d h s i b h
t h i ocfa i d is
t h i o cfai
1 p l thiocfa d h m u i d C 3pl t h iocfa d h s i a d U th i u cf- MC

thag a i n n ni thagadh
t hagta a n dtaga d h ?
t h a g a d h se/si g o dtag a d h
thagaimis n a c h dta g a d h
thagad h s i b h
t h a g a i d is
t hagtai
ipl thagadh m u i d C3pl th i g i n n , t h i g e a d h se/siad

Ba g h nach liom theacht U etc.
a n modh o rdaitheach an fos h u iteach laith reach

tag a i m g o dtaga m e
tar dia l . g a b h , g o ite U g o dta g a t u
t a g a d h se/si g o dtaga se/si
tag a i m i s go dtag a i m i d
tagaigi g o dtaga s i b h
tag a i d is g o dtaga s i a d
tagta r g o dtagtar
na ta r n a r thaga
3pl tagad h/tara d h siad U 1pl g o dtaga m u i d C

go dti g i d h/go dtara i d h U
215
VERB TABLES
i o4 tarra i n g p u l l ta rra i n gt ta rrai ngthe

t h a rra i n g m e n io r th a rra i n g
tharra i n g t u a r t h a r ra i n g ?
tharra i n g se/si g u r t h a r ra i n g
t h a r ra i n g io m a r n a r t h a rra i n g
tharra i n g s i b h n i o r tarra i n g io d h
t h a r ra i n g<-s i a d a r ta rra i n g io d h ?
_____� _________
_
tarra i n g io d h g u r/nar tarra i n gi o d h
isg (d o) tharra i n g fos, 2 (do) tharraingfs, 2 p l (do) tharra i n g fo b h a i r (va r. t h a i rrig s e ) M

i pl tharra i n g m u id U C 3p/ tharra i n g fodar MC

tarra i ngim n i t h a rra i n g i o n n
tarra i n g i o n n tu a n dtarra i n g io n n ?
tarra i n g io n n se/si g o dtarra i n g io n n
tarra i n g i m i d n a c h dtarra i n g io n n
ta rra i n g io n n s i b h
tarra i n g io n n s i a d ta i rrigio n n M
tarra i n g itea r ta i rrn g n e a n n U
ipl tarra i n g fo n n m u id C; 3pl tarra i n g fd (siad) M tarra i n g i m , tarra i ngeann se, m u id etc.,
pron tai rrneann U, rel. a tharra i n g fos/a tharra i ngeann

ta rra i n g e o i d h m e n i t h a r ra i n g e o i d h
ta rra i n g eo i d h t u an dtarra i ng e o i d h ?
tarra i n g e o i d h se/si g o dtarra i n g e o i d h
tarra i n g e o i m i d nach dtarra i n g eo i d h
tarra i n g e o i d h s i b h
tarra i n g e o i d h s i a d tai rriceoi d h M
tarra i n g eofa r ta i rrng neocha i d h U
isg tarra i n g e o d , 2sg tarra i ngeoir M tarra i ngeocha i d h m e , m u id etc. U

ipl tarra i n g e o i d h m u id C rel. a tharra i n geos/tharra i n g eochas
216
VERB TAB L E S
1 04 ta rra i n g p u l l tarraingt tarra i n gthe

., n modh coi n n iol lach the con d itional mood
rrai ngeoi n n n f t h a rra i n g eod h
rra i n g eofa an dtarra i n g eod h ?
rra i n geodh se/si g o dtarra i n g eod h
rra i n geoi m i s nach dtarra i n g eo d h
rra i n g eo d h s i b h
· harra i n g eo i d fs t h a i rriceo d h M
harra i n g eofaf t h a i rrngneochadh U
1sg tharra i n g eocha i n n , 3sg tharrai ngeochadh se, Siad etc. u

1pl tharra i ngeodh m u id c

harra i n g f n n n i tharra i n g fo d h
harra i n g itea a n dtarra i n g fod h ?
h a rra i n g fo d h se/si g o dtarra i n g fo d h
t harra i n g im i s n a c h dtarra i ng fo d h
t harra i n g fo d h s i b h
t harra i n g fd fs thai rri g fo d h M
t ha rra i n g ftf t h a i rrn g n ead h u
1pl tharra i n g fo d h mu id C 3pl tharra i n g fo d h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m tarra i n g t etc. U
an mod h o rdaitheach an fos h u iteach laith reach

tarra i n g fm g o dtarra i n g f me
tarra i n g g o dtarra i n g f tu
tarra i ng fo d h se/sf g o dtarra i n g f se/sf
t a rra i n g f m i s go dtarra i n g f m i d
t a rra i n g fg f g o dtarra i n g f s i b h
tarra i n g fd fs g o dtarra i n g f s i a d
tarra i n g ftea r g o dtarra i n g ftea r
na tarra i n g n a r tharra i n g f
3pl tarra i n g fo d h s i a d U 1 p l g o dtarra i n g i m u i d C U
217
VERB TABLES
1 0 5 tea n n t i g h te n tea n n ad h tea n nta

thea n n m e n io r thea n n
thea n n tu a r th ea n n ?
thea n n se/si g u r th ea n n
thea n n a m a r n a r t h ea n n
thea n n s i b h n io r tea n n a d h
thea n n siad
��-
a r teannad h ?
tea n n ad h g u r/n a r tea n n a d h
1sg (do) thea n nas, 2sg (do) thea n na i s , 2p/ (d o) thea n n a b h a i r M

1p/ thea n n mu id CU 3p/ (do) thea n nadar MC

tea n n a i m n i thea n n a n n
tea n n a n n t u a n dtea n n a n n ?
tea n n a n n se/si g o dtea n n a n n
tea n n a i m i d n a c h dtea n na n n
tea n n a n n s i b h
tea n n a n n s i a d
tea n ntar
1p/ tea n n a n n m u i d CU 3p/ tea n n a i d (siad) M re/. a theannas

tea n nfa i d h m e n i thean nfa i d h
tea n nfa i d h tu a n dtea n nfa i d h ?
tea n nfa i d h se/si g o dtea n nfa i d h
tea n nfa i m i d n a c h dtea n nfa i d h
tea n nfa i d h s i b h
tea n n fa i d h s i a d
tea n nfa r
1sg tean nfad , 2sg tea nnfa i r M tea n nfa i d h m u i d C U

rel. a thean nfas
218
VERB TABLES
1 0 5 tea n n t i g h te n tea n nad h tea n nta

an modh coi n n iol lach the con d itio n a l mood
t h e a n n fa i n n n i th e a n nfa d h
t h e a n nf.3. a n dtean nfad h ?
t h e a n nfa d h se/si g o dtea n nfad h
t h ea n nfa i m i s n a c h dtea n nfad h
t h e a n nfa d h s i b h
t h e a n n fa i d fs
t h e a n nfaf
ipl thean nfa d h m u i d C 3p/ thean nfa d h siad U

t h ea n n a i n n ni t h ea n na d h
t h e a n nta a n dtea n n ad h ?
t h ea n nad h se/sf g o dtea n n a d h
thean n a i m i s n a c h dtea n nad h
thea n n a d h s i b h
thea n n a i d is
thea n ntai
ipl theannadh m u i d C 3p/ thean nad h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m tea n n a d h etc. u

tea n n a i m go dtea n n a m e
tea n n g o dtea n n a t u
tea n na d h se/si g o dtea n n a se/si
tea n n a i m i s go dtea n n a i m i d
tea n n a i g f g o dtea n n a s i b h
tea n n a i d is g o dtea n n a s i a d
tea n ntar g o dtea n ntar
n a tea n n n a r th ea n n a
3pl tea n nad h siad U ipl g o dtea nna m u i d C U
219
VERB TABLES
1 06 tei g h g o d u l/d h u l d u lta

chuaigh me n f d h e ac h a i g h
c h u a i g h tu an n d ea c h a i g h ?
c h u a i g h se/sf go n d ea c h a i g h
chuamar n a c h n d ea c h a i g h
chuaigh sibh n f d heachthas
c h u a i g�h s i a d a n n d eachthas?
�
___ ____________
c h u athas g o/nach n d eachthas
1sg (do) chuas, 2sg (do) chuais, 2pl (do) chuabhair M

1pl chuaigh mu id CU 3pl chuadar MC dep. nf theacha i d h , an dteacha i d h ? U

te i m n f th ea n n
tea n n t u a n dtea n n ?
tea n n se/sf g o dtea n n
tei m i d n a c h dtea n n
tean n s i b h theid u
tea n n s i a d
teitea r
1pl tea n n mu id cu 3pl teid (siad) M var. the id ortheann tea n n

=
rel. a thea n n

rac ha i d h m e nf rach a i d h
rach a i d h t u a n rac h a i d h ?
racha i d h se/sf g o rac h a i d h
rac h a i m i d n a c h rac h ai d h
rac h ai d h s i b h
rac h a i d h s i a d
rachfa r
1sg rag had , 2sg rag hair; rag haidh rac h a i d h M

=
rachaidh mu id CU rel. a rachas
220
VERB TABLES
1 06 tei g h g o d u l/d h u l d u lta

rach a i n n n i ra c h a d h
rachfa a n rachad h ?
rac h a d h se/si g o rac h a d h
rac h a i m i s n a c h rac h a d h
rac h a d h s i b h
rac h a i d is
rachfai
1 sg rag hai n n ; rag h a d h rac hadh M

=
1pl rachad h m u id C 3pl rac hadh siad U

thei n n n i theadh
theitea a n dtea d h ?
thea d h se/si g o dtea d h
theimis nach dteadh
theadh sibh
t h e i d is
th eiti
1p/ theadh m u i d C 3p/ theadh s i a d , Ba g h nach liom dhul u
a n mod h o rd a itheach a n fosh u iteach laith reach

te i m g o dte m e
tei g h dia l . g a b h g o d t e tu
tea d h se/si go dte se/si
tei m i s g o dtei m i d
teigi g o dte s i b h
teidis g o dte siad
teitea r g o dteitear
na tei g h dia l . na g a b h n a r the
3 p l t h e a d h siad u 1pl go dte m u id cu
221
VERB TABLES
i o7 tiom a i n d rive tio m a i nt tioma nta

t h i o m a i n me n io r t h i o m a i n
t h i o m a i n tu ar thiomai n?
t h i o m a i n se/sf g u r th i o m a i n
thiomaineamar narthiomain
thiomain sibh n fo r t i o m a i neadh
t h i o m a i n siad a r tio m a i n ead h ?
tiomai nead h g u r/n a r t i o m a i neadh
1sg (do) t h i o m a i n eas. 2sg (do) t h i o ma i n i s . 2 p l (do) t h i o m a i n-ea b h a i r M

1pl t h i o m a i n m u id cu 3pl (do) t h i o m a i n eadar MC

tioma i n i m n f th i o m a i nea n n
tioma i n ea n n t u a n dti o m a i n ea n n ?
tioma i n ea n n se/sf g o dti o m a i n e a n n
tiomai n i m i d nach dti o m a i nea n n
t i o m a i n ea n n s i b h
t i o m a i n ea n n siad
tiomai ntea r
1pl t i o ma i n e a n n m u id cu 3pl tioma i n i d (siad) M

rel. a t h i o m a i n eas

tiomainfidh m e n f t h i o m a i n fi d h
ti o m a i n fi d h t u a n dtiomai nfid h ?
t i o m a i n fi d h se/sf g o dti o m a i n fi d h
tiom a i n fi m i d nach dti o m a i nfi d h
ti o m a i n fi d h s i b h
t i o m a i n fi d h siad
tiomai nfea r
1sg tiomai nfead , 2sg t i o m a i n fi r M tioma i n fi d h m u i d cu

rel. a t h i o m a i nfeas
222
VERB TABLES
1 07 tio m a i n d rive tio m a i nt tio m a nta

a n mod h coi n n iol lach the conditional mood
· h i o m a i nfi n n n i t h i o m a i nfead h
t h i o m a i nfea a n dtiomai nfea d h ?
t h i omai nfead h se/si g o dt i oma i nfead h
t h i o m a i nfi m i s nach dt i oma i nfead h
h i o m a i nfead h s i b h
t h i o m a i nfidis
h i o m a i nfi
1pl t h i o m a i nfead h m u id C 3pl t h i o m a i nfeadh siad U

t h i o ma i n i n n n i t h i o m a i nead h
t h i o m a i ntea a n dt i oma i nead h ?
t h i o m a i neadh se/si g o dt i oma i nead h
t h i o ma i n i m is nach d t i o m a i n e a d h
t h i o m a i nead h s i b h
t h i o m a i n i d is
t h i o m a i nti
1 p l thi om ai neadh m u i d C 3pl t h i o m a i neadh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m tiomaint u
a n mod h o rdaitheach an fos h u iteach laithreach

tioma i n i m go d t i o m a i n e m e
tiomain g o dtio m a i n e t u
t i o m a i nead h se/si g o dtio m a i n e se/si
tiomai n i m i s go dtio m a i n i m i d
t i o ma i n i g i g o dtio m a i n e s i b h
t i o m a i n i d is g o dtio m a i n e siad
tiomai ntea r g o dtiomai ntea r
na t i o m a i n nar thiomaine
3pl tioma i n ea d h siad u 1 p l g o dtiomaine m u i d c u
223
VERB TABLES
1 08 tit fa l l titi m tite

thit m e n fo r th i t
th it tu a r thit?
th it se/si g u r th i t
th itea m a r n a r t h it
thit s i b h nfor titead h
th it s i a d a r titea d h ?
titea d h g u r/nar titea d h
1sg (do) th iteas, 2sg (do) thitis, 2p/ (do) th itea b h a i r M

1pl th it mu id CU 3p/ (do) th iteadar MC

titi m n i t h itea n n
titea n n tu a n dtitea n n ?
titea n n se/si g o dtitea n n
titi m i d n a c h dtitea n n
titea n n s i b h
titea n n siad
ti tea r
1pl titea n n m u i d C U 3p/ titid (siad) M rel. a thiteas

titfi d h m e n f t h itfi d h
titfi d h t u a n dtitfi d h ?
titfi d h se/si g o dtitfi d h
titfi m i d n a c h dtitfi d h
titfi d h s i b h
titfi d h siad
titfea r
1sg titfead , 2sg titfi r M titfi d h m u i d CU re/. a thitfeas
224
VERB TABLES
1 08 tit fa l l titi m tite

t h i tfi n n n f t h i tfead h
h i tfea a n d t i tfea d h ?
t h i tfead h se/si g o d t i tfead h
t h i tfi m i s nach d t i tfea d h
t h i tfead h s i b h
t h i tfi d is
t h i tfi
i p l thitfea d h m u i d C 3pl thitfea d h s i a d U

thitinn n i t h itead h
t h i tea a n dtitead h ?
t h i tead h se/si g o d t i tead h
thitimis nach d t i tead h
t h i tead h s i b h
t h itidis
th i ti
ipl thitead h m u id C 3pl th itead h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m titi m etc. U
a n modh o rd a itheach an fos h u iteach laithreach

titim g o dtite m e
ti t g o dtite t u
ti tead h se/si g o d t i t e se/si
titi m i s go dtiti m i d
titigi g o dtite s i b h
titidis g o dtite siad
titear g o d titea r
na t i t n a r t h i te
3pl titea d h s i a d U ipl go dtite mu id CU
225
VERB TABLES
1 09 tog l ift t6gail t6gtha

th6g m e n fo r th6g
th6g tu a r th 6 g ?
th6g se/sf g u r th6g
t h 6g a m a r n a r th6g
th6g s i b h n fo r t6 g a d h
th6g s i a d a r t6gad h ?
t6ga d h g u r/na r t6gad h
1sg (do) th6gas, 2sg (do) th6gais, 2p/ (d o) th6g a b h a i r M

1pl th6g m u i d CU 3pl (do) th6gadar MC t6g t6i g C=

t6g a i m n f th6ga n n
t6ga n n tu a n dt6g a n n ?
t6g a n n se/sf g o dt6g a n n
t6ga i m i d n a c h dt6g a n n
t6ga n n s i b h
t6ga n n siad t6 igea n n C
t6gta r
1pl t6ga n n m u id CU 3pl t6ga i d (siad) M rel. a th6gas

t6gfa i d h m e n f th6gfa i d h
t6gfa i d h tu a n dt6gfa i d h ?
t6gfa i d h se/sf g o dt6gfa i d h
t6gfa i m i d n a c h dt6gfa i d h
t6gfa i d h s i b h
t6gfa i d h siad t6 i g fi d h c
t6gfa r
1sg t6gfa d , 2sg t6gfa i r M t6gfa i d h m u id CU rel. a th 6gfas
226
VERB TABLES
1 09 tog l ift togail togtha

an mod h coi n n io l l ach the conditional mood
t h 6gfa i n n n i th6gfa d h
t h 6gfa a n dt6gfad h ?
t h 6gfa d h se/si g o dt6gfa d h
th6gfa i m i s n a c h dt6gfa d h
t h6gfa d h s i b h
t h 6gfa i d fs t h 6 i gfea d h c
th6gfaf
1pl th6igfeadh m u id C 3p/ th6gfa d h siad U
an a i m si r g h n athchaite the i m pe rfect tense

th6gai n n n i th6gad h
thogta an dt6gad h ?
t h 6gad h se/si g o dt6ga d h
th6g a i m i s n a c h dt6g a d h
th 6ga dh s i b h
th6gaidis t h 6 i g ea d h c
t h 6gtai
1p/ th6igead h m u id C 3p/ th6g a d h siad , Ba g h nach l i o m t6g a i l U

t6g a i m g o dt6ga m e
t6g g o dt6ga tu
t6gadh se/si g o dt6ga se/si
t6g a i m i s go dt6g a i m i d
t6g a i g i g o dt6ga s i b h
t6g a i d is g o dt6ga siad
t6gta r g o dt6gtar
na t6g n a r th6ga
3pl t6gadh siad U 1pl g o dt6ga m u id U

go dt6 i g e c
227
VERB TABLES
1 1 0 tosaig h b e g i n tosu tosaithe

thosa i g h m e n fo r thosa i g h thos n a i g h M
thosa i g h tu a r thosa i g h ? thoisigh U
thosa i g h se/sf g u r thosa i g h
thosafo m a r n a r thosa i g h
thosa i g h s i b h nfor tosafo d h
thosa i g h s i a d a r tosafod h ?
tosafo d h g u r/nar tosafo d h
isg (do) thosnafos, 2sg (do) thosnafs, 2pl (do) thosnafo b h a i r M

ipl thosa i g h mu id C 3pl thos(n)afod a r MC t h o i s i g h m e , mu id U

tosafm n f thosafo n n
tosafo n n tu a n dtosafo n n ?
tosafo n n se/sf g o dtosafo n n
tosafm i d n a c h d tosafo n n
tosafo n n s i b h tosnafo n n M
tosafo n n siad toisfon n/to isea n n U
tosaftear
ipl tosafo n n mu id C 3pl tosnafd (siad) M

toi s i m , toi sea n n se, m u id etc. U rel. a thosafos/a thoi sfos

tos6i d h me n f thos6 i d h
tos6 i d h t u an dtos6 i d h ?
tos6 i d h se/sf g o dtos6 i d h
tos6 i m i d n a c h dtos6 i d h
tos6 i d h s i b h tosn 6 i d h M
tos6 i d h siad toiseoc h a i d h U
tos6fa r
isg tosn 6 d , 2sg tos n 6 i r M ipl tos6i d h mu id C

toiseoc h a i d h me/m u id etc. U rel a thos6s/a thoiseochas
.
228
VERB TABLES
1 1 0 tosaig h b e g i n tosu tosaith e

an modh coi n n iol lach the co n d iti o n a l mood
hos6i n n n f thos6d h
t hos6fa an dtos6 d h ?
t hos6d h se/sf g o dtos6d h
t hos6 i m i s nach dtos 6 d h
t h os6d h s i b h thosn6d h M
thos6idfs thoiseo c h a d h U
t h os6faf
isg thoiseochai n n , 3sg thoiseoc hadh se/siad etc. U

ipl thos6dh m u id C

thosafn n n f thosafo d h
t hosaftea a n dtosafod h ?
t hosafo d h se/sf g o dtosaio d h
thosafm i s n a c h dtosafod h
thosafo d h s i b h thosnafod h M
thosaid is thoi sfod h U
thosaiti
ipl thosaiod h m u id C 3pl thoisiodh siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m toiseacht etc. u
an mod h o rdaitheach a n fosh u iteach laith reach

tosafm g o dtosaf m e
tosa i g h g o dtosaf tu
tosafod h se/sf g o dtosaf se/sf
tosafm i s go dtosafm i d
tosafg f g o dtosai s i b h
tosafdfs g o dtosaf s i a d
tosaftea r g o dtosaftea r
na tosa i g h n a r thosaf
3pl toisiod h siad u ipl g o dtosai m u id C

g o dtoisi U , go dtosnai M
229
VERB TABLES
111 tracht m e n ti o n tracht trachta

t h racht m e nfor th rac h t
th rac ht tu a r t h racht?
th racht se/sf g u r th racht
t h rachta m a r n a r t h racht
t h racht s i b h nfor trachtad h
t h racht s i a d a r trachta d h ?
trachta d h g u r/nar trachta d h
1sg (do) thrachtas, 2sg (do) thrachta i s , 2p/ (do) t h rachta b h a i r M

1pl t h racht mu i d cu 3p/ (do) t h rachtadar MC

trachta i m n i t h rachta n n
trachta n n t u a n dtrachta n n ?
trachta n n se/sf g o dtrachta n n
trachta i m i d nach dtrachta n n
trachta n n s i b h
trachta n n s i a d
trachta r
1pl trachta n n m u id C U 3p/ trachta i d (siad) M rel. a t h rachtas

trachtfa i d h m e nf t h rachtfa i d h
trachtfa i d h tu a n dtrachtfa i d h ?
t rachtfa i d h se/si g o dtrachtfa i d h
trachtfa i m i d n a c h dtrachtfa i d h
trachtfa i d h s i b h
t rachtfa i d h s i a d
trachtfa r
1sg trachtfad , 2sg trachtfa i r M trachtfa i d h m u i d cu

rel. a th rachtfas
230
VERB TABLES
111 tracht m e n ti o n tracht trachta

t h ra c h tfa i n n n f t h ra c h tfad h
t h ra c h tfa a n d t ra c h tfa d h ?
t h ra c h tfad h se/sf g o d t ra c h tfa d h
t h ra c h tfa i m i s n a c h d t ra c h tfad h
t h ra c h tfad h s i b h
t h rac h tfa i d fs
t h ra c h tfa f
1pl t h rachtfa d h mu id C 3pl thrachtfa d h siad u

t h ra c h ta i n n n f t h ra c h t a d h
t h ra c h ta a n d t ra c h ta d h ?
t h ra c htad h se/sf g o d t ra c h tad h
t h ra c h ta i m i s n a c h d t ra c h tad h
t h ra c h ta d h s i b h
t h ra c h t a i d fs
t h ra c h taf
1pl t h rachta d h mu id C 3pl t h rachtadh siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m tracht u
a n modh o rd a itheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

the i m perative mood the present s u bj u nctive
t ra c h ta i m go dtra c h ta m e
t ra c h t g o dtra c h ta tu
trachtad h se/sf g o dtrachta se/sf
t r a c h ta i m i s g o d t ra c h ta i m i d
t ra c h ta i g f g o d t ra c h ta s i b h
tra c h ta i d fs g o d t ra c h t a s i a d
t ra c h t a r g o d t rac h t a r
n a t ra c h t n a r t h ra c hta
3pl trachta d h s i a d u 1pl g o dtrachta m u id CU
231
VERB TABLES
1 1 2 triomaig h d ry trio m u triomaithe

thriomaig h me n fo r t h ri o m a i g h
t h ri o m a i g h tu a r t h r i o ma i g h ?
t h ri o m a i g h se/sf g u r thriomaig h
t h ri o m afo m a r n a r th ri o m a i g h
thriomaig h s i b h n fo r t ri o mafod h
thriomaig h s i a d a r tri o m a fod h ?
tri o m a fod h g u r/n a r tri o m afod h
1sg (do) thriomafos, 2sg (do) thriomafs. 2pl (do) thriomafo b h a i r M

1pl t h ri o m a i g h m u i d UC 3p/ th riomafodar MC

triomafm n f t h ri o mafo n n
triomafo n n tu a n dtriomafo n n ?
triomafo n n se/sf g o dtriomafo n n
triomafmid n a c h dtriomafo n n
triomafo n n sibh
triomafo n n siad
t ri o m a ftea r
1pl triomafo n n m u i d C 3p/ triomafd (siad) M

tri o ma i m , trio m a n n se/m u i d u rel . a thrio mafos

tri o m 6 i d h m e nf thriom6idh
tri o m 6 i d h t u a n dtrio m 6 i d h ?
tri o m 6 i d h se/sf g o dtri o m 6 i d h
trio m 6 i m i d nach dtri o m 6 i d h
tri o m 6 i d h s i b h
tri o m 6 i d h siad trio m6cha i d h U
tri o m 6fa r
1sg tri o m 6 d , 2sg tri o m 6 i r M 1p/ tri o m 6 i d h m u id c

triom6cha i d h me/mu id etc. U rel. a thriom6s/a thriom6chas
232
VERB TABLES
1 1 2 tri o m a i g h d ry tri o m u triomaithe

a n mod h coin nio l l ach the con d itional mood
t h ri o m 6 i n n n f t h ri o m 6 d h
thriom6fa a n dtri o m 6d h ?
t h riom6d h se/si g o dtri o m 6 d h
t h ri o m 6 i m i s nach dtri o m 6 d h
t h ri o m 6d h s i b h
thriom6idfs t h ri o m 6chad h U
thriom6faf
1sg thriom6cha i n n , 3sg thriom6chadh se/siad etc. u

1pl thriom6dh m u id C

thriomafnn n f t h ri o mafod h
t h riomaftea an dtriomafo d h ?
t h riomaiod h se/sf g o dtri o mafod h
th riomafm i s nach dtriomaio d h
t h riomafod h s i b h
th riomafd fs
thriomaftf
1 p l thriomaio d h m u i d C 3pl thriomaio d h s i a d U

Ba g h nach l i o m tri o m u etc. u

triomafm g o dtriomaf me
tri o m a i g h g o dtriomaf tu
triomafod h se/sf g o dtriomaf se/si
triomafmis go dtri o m a f m i d
triomafgf go dtriomaf sibh
triomaid fs g o dtriomafsiad
triomaftear g o dtri o maftea r
na tri o m a i g h n a r t h riomaf
3 p l tri o maiod h s i a d U 1 p l g o dtriomai m u i d CU
233
VERB TABLES
113 tuig u n d e rsta n d tuiscint tuigthe

th u ig me n io r t h u i g
t h u i g tu arthuig?
t h u i g se/si g u r th u ig
thu igeamar narthuig
thuig sibh n io r t u i g ea d h
thuig siad a r t u i gead h ?
t u i g ea d h g u r/na r t u i g ea d h
1sg (do) t h u igeas, 2sg (do) th u i g i s , 2pl (do) t h u i g e a b h a i r M

1pl t h u i g mu id CU 3pl (do) t h u i g eadar MC

tuigim n i t h u i g ea n n
tu i g ea n n t u a n d t u i g ea n n ?
t u i g ea n n se/si g o d t u i g ea n n
tuigimid n a c h d t u i g ea n n
t u i g ea n n s i b h
t u i g ea n n s i a d
t u igtear
ip/ t u i g e a n n m u i d C U 3pl t u i g i d (siad) M re/. a t h u i g eas

t u i gfi d h m e n f t h u i g fi d h
t u i gfi d h tu a n d t u i gfi d h ?
t u i gfi d h se/sf go d t u i gfi d h
t u i gfi m i d n a c h d t u igfi d h
t u i g fi d h s i b h
t u i gfi d h s i a d
t u i gfe a r
isg tuigfea d , 2sg tuigfi r M t u i g fi d h m u i d CU rel. a t h u i gfeas
234
VERB TABLES
113 tuig u n d e rsta n d tuiscint tuigthe

a n mod h coin n iol lach the conditional mood
t h u igfi n n n f th u i gfea d h
t h u igfea a n d t u i gfea d h ?
t h u i gfead h se/sf g o d t u igfea d h
t h u i g fi m i s n a c h d t u i gfea d h
t h u igfead h s i b h
t h u i g fi d fs
t h u i gfi
1pl t h u i gfead h m u i d C 3pl th u i gfead h siad U

thuigin n nfth u igead h
t h u igtea a n d t u i g ea d h ?
t h u i g e a d h se/sf g o d t u i g ea d h
thuigimis n a c h d t u i g ea d h
t h u i g ea d h s i b h
t h u i g i d fs
t h u igtf
1pl th u i g ea d h mu id C 3pl t h u i g ead h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m t u i g bhea i l etc. u
a n mod h ordaitheach a n fos h u iteach laithreach

tuigim go dtuige me
tuig g o d t u ig e tu
tu i g e a d h se/sf g o dtuige se/sf
tuigimis go d t u ig i m i d
tuigigf go dtuige sibh
t u i g i d fs go dtuige siad
tu igtear g o d t u igtear
n a tuig narthuige
3pl t u i g ea d h siad U 1pl g o d t u i g e m u i d C U
235
VERB TABLES
114 t u i rsig h ti re tu i rs i u tu i rsithe

t h u i rs i g h me n fo r t h u i rs i g h
t h u i rs i g h tu a r t h u i rs i g h ?
t h u i rs i g h se/sf g u r th u i rs i g h
t h u i rsfo m a r n a r t h u i rs i g h
t h u i rs i g h s i b h n fo r t u i rsfo d h
t h u i rs i g h s i a d a r tu i rsiod h ?
t u i rsfo d h g u r/na r tu i rsfo d h
1sg (do) th u i rsfos, 2sg (do) th u i rsfs, 2p/ (do) t h u i rsfo b h a i r M

1pl t h u i rs i g h m u i d U C }pl t h u i rsfodar MC

t u i rsfm n f t h u i rsfo n n
t u i rsfo n n tu a n dtu i rsfo n n ?
t u i rsfo n n se/sf g o dtu i rsfo n n
t u i rsfm i d n a c h dtu i rsfo n n
t u i rsfo n n s i b h
t u i rsfo n n s i a d
t u i rsftea r
1pl t u i rsfo n n m u i d C 3PI t u i rsfd (siad) M

t u i rsi m , t u i rsea n n se/m u i d u rel. a t h u i rsfos

t u i rseoi d h m e nf t h u i rseoi d h
t u i rseo i d h tu a n dtu i rseo i d h ?
t u i rseo i d h se/sf g o dtu i rseo i d h
t u i rseo i m i d nach d tu i rseoi d h
t u i rseo i d h s i b h
t u i rseoid h siad t u i rseoc h a i d h U
t u i rseofa r
1sg t u i rseod , 2sg t u i rseo i r M 1pl t u i rseo i d h m u id C

t u i rseochai d h m e/ m u id etc. u rel. a t h u i rseos/a t h u i rseochas
236
VERB TABLES
114 t u i rsig h ti re t u i rsiu tu i rsith e

an mod h coi n niol lach the conditi o n a l mood
t h u i rs eo i n n nf t h u i rseod h
t h u i rs eofa a n d tu i rs e o d h ?
t h u i rs e o d h se/sf g o d tu i rs eo d h
t h u i rs eo i m i s n a c h d t u i rs eo d h
t h u i rs eo d h s i b h
t h u i rs e o i d fs t h u i rs e o c h a d h U
t h u i rseofaf
1sg t h u i rseochai n n , 3sg t h u i rseoc h a d h se, siad etc. u

1pl t h u i rseod h m u id C
a n a i m si r g h nathchaite the i m perfect tense

t h u i rs i n n n f t h u i rsfo d h
t h u i rsitea a n d t u i rsfod h ?
t h u i rsfo d h se/si g o d tu i rsfo d h
t h u i rsim i s n a c h d t u i rs fo d h
t h u i rsio d h s i b h
t h u i rsid is
t h u i rsftf
1pl t h u i rsiod h m u i d C , 3pl t h u i rsiod h siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m t u i rs i u etc. u
a n m o d h o rdaitheach a n fosh u iteach laith reach

t u i rsfm g o d tu i rs f m e
t u i rs i g h g o d tu i rs f t u
t u i rs fo d h se/si g o d tu i rs f se/sf
t u i rsfm i s go d t u i rs fm i d
t u i rsfg f g o d tu i rs i s i b h
t u i rs f d fs g o d tu i rs f s i a d
t u i rsfte a r g o d t u i rsftea r
n a t u i rs i g h n a r t h u i rsf
3pl t u i rsio d h siad U 1pl go dtu i rsi m u id c u
237
VERB TABLES
1 1 5 u l l maig h p re pa re ullmhu u l l m haithe

d 'u l l m h a i g h m e nfor u l l m ha i g h
d 'u l l m h a i g h tu ar ullmhaigh?
d 'u l l m ha i g h se/sf g u r u l l m ha i g h
d'u l l m hafo m a r n a r u l l m ha i g h
d'u l l m ha i g h s i b h n f o r u l l m hafod h/nfo r h u .
d'u l l m h a i g h s i a d a r u l l m hafod h ?
u l l m hafo d h/h u l l m hafo d h g u r/nar u l l m hafo d h
1sg d(h)'u l l m hafos, 2sg d ( h)'u l l m hafs, 2 p l d (h)'u l l m hafo b h a i r M

1pl d 'u l l m h a i g h mu id UC 3pl d 'u l l m hafodar MC

u l l m hafm n f u l l m hafo n n
u l l m hafo n n tu a n u l l m hafo n n ?
u l l m hafo n n se/sf g o n-u l l m hafo n n
u l l m hafm id n a c h n-u l l m hafo n n
u l l m hafo n n sibh
u l l m hafo n n siad
u l l m haftea r
1pl u l l m hafo n n m u i d C 3pl u l l m hafd (siad) M

u l l m h a i m , u l l m h a n n se/m u i d etc. U rel. a u l l m hafos

u l l mh6idh me nf u l l m h6idh
u l l m h 6 i d h tu an ul l mh6idh?
u l l m h 6 i d h se/sf g o n-u l l m h 6 i d h
ullmh6imid n a c h n-u l l m h 6 i d h
ull mh6idh sibh
ull mh6idh siad u l l m h6chaidh U
u l l m h6fa r
1sg u l l m h 6 d , 2sg u l l m h6 i r M 1pl u l l m h 6 i d h mu i d C

u l l m h6 c h a i d h me/m u id etc. U rel. a u l l m h6s/a u l l m h6chas
238
VERB TABLES
1 1 5 u l l maig h p re p a re ullmhu u l l m haithe

d'u l l m h 6 i n n nf u l lmh6dh
d'u l l m h6fa an ullmh6dh?
d'u l l m h 6 d h se/sf g o n-u l l m h6 d h
d'u l l m h 6 i m i s nach n-u l l m h 6 d h
d'u l l m h 6 d h s i b h
d'u l l m h 6 i d fs d 'u l l m h 6chad h U
d'u l l m h 6faf
1sg d 'u l l m h6cha i n n , 3sg d 'u l l m h6chadh se/siad etc. u

1pl d'u l l m h6 d h m u i d C

d'u l l m hafnn n f u l l m haiod h
d'u l l m h aftea a n u l l m haiod h ?
d'u l l m hafod h se/sf g o n-u l l m hafo d h
d'u l l m hafm i s nach n-u l l m hafod h
d'u l l m hafod h s i b h
d'u l l m h afd fs
d'u l l m haftf
1pl d'u l l m haiod h m u id C 3p/ d'u l l m haiod h siad U

Ba g h nach l i o m u l l m h u etc. u
an modh o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laithreach

u l l m hafm g o n-u l l m haf m e
u l l m ha i g h g o n-u l l m haf tu
u l l m hafod h se/sf g o n-u l l m haf se/sf
u l l m hafmis go n-u l l m hafmid
u l l m hafgf g o n-u l l m haf sibh
u l l m haid fs g o n-u l l m h af siad
u l l m haftea r g o n-u l l m h aftea r
na h u l l m h a i g h n a r u l l m haf
3pl u l l m haiod h s i a d U 1pl go n-u l l m hai m u i d
239
Ac; u 1 sfN A
Ag u i sin A
San a g u isin sea bei d h sea n s ag an fh og h la i m e o i r baru i l a bheith a i g e/a ici d e n

c h i a l l ata l e i s na foi rmeacha d ifri u l a d e n b h riath a r a c h u i rtea r a r fa i l sna ta blai.
54 g lan c l e a n g lanadh g l a nta

g h la n m e n'o r g h l a n (se)
g h l a n tu a r g h l a n (se)?
g h l a n se/si g u r g h la n (se)
g h la n a m a r n a r g h l a n (se)
g h lan sibh n'o r g la n a d h (se)
g_h_ n_
l a_ · ad
s_ a r g l a n a d h (se)?
� 1 _ __________
g l a nfad h (e) g u r/nar g l a n a d h (se)?
1sg (do) g h l anas, 2sg (do) g h la n a i s , 2pl (do) g h la n a b h a i r Creige M u mhan

1pl g h l a n m u i d Creige Chon nacht, Creige U ladh 3pl (do) g h lanadar MC

g lanaim n' g h l a n a n n (se)
g l a n a n n tu a n n g l a n a n n (se)?
g l a n a n n se/si g o n g l a n a n n (se)
g lanaimid nach n g l a n a n n (se)
g lanann sibh
g l a n a n n siad
g lantar (e)
1pl g l a n a n n m u i d CU 3p/ g la n a i d (siad) M rel. a g h lanas

g l a nfa i d h m e n i g h l a nfa i d h (se)
g l anfa i d h t u an ni g l a nfa i d h (se)?
g l anfa i d h se/si g o n g l a nfa i d h (se)
g lanfa i m i d nach n g l a nfa i d h (se)
g l a nfa i d h s i b h
g l a nfa i d h siad
g l a nfa r (e)
1sg g l a nfad , 2sg g l a nfa i r M g l a nfa i d h mu i d CU rel . a g h l a nfas
240
APPE N D I X A
Appen dix A
This a p p e n d i x a l l ows the learner to fo rm some idea of the m ea n i n g s of the

va ri o u s pa rts of the verb w h i c h a re p rovi ded i n the ta b l e s .
5 4 glan c l e a n g lanadh to c l e a n g l a nta c l ea n ed

I cleaned (he) did not clean
you (sg . ) c l e a n ed d i d ( h e) c l e a n ?
h e/s h e c l ea n ed that (he) c l eaned
we cleaned that (he) did not clean
you (pl . ) cleaned (it) was. not cleaned
th_e�y_c_
_ l e_
a_n_ ed___
______ was (it) c l e a n ed ?
(it) was c l eaned that (it) was/( not) c l ea n e d
1sg I cleaned , 2sg you cleaned , 2pl you cleaned M u nster

1pl we cleaned Connaug ht, Ulster 3pl they cleaned MC

I c l e a n (he) does not clean
you (sg .) clean does ( h e) c l e a n ?
h e/s h e c l e a n s t h a t (he) c l e a n s
w e clean that (he) d oes not c l e a n
you (pl . ) clean
they c l e a n
(it) i s c l eaned
1 p l w e c l e a n CU 3pl they c l e a n M rel who/which c l e a n s

I s h a l l/wi l l c l e a n ( h e) wi l l not clean
you (sg . ) wi l l c l e a n wi l l (he) c l e a n ?
h e/s h e wi l l c l e a n t h a t (he) w i l l clean
w e s h a l l/wi l l c l e a n that (he) will not c l e a n
you (pl . ) wi l l c l e a n
t h e y wi l l c l e a n
(it) wi l l be cleaned
1sg I s h a l l clea n , 2sg y o u wi l l c l e a n M w e s h a l l c l e a n CU rel. who/w h i c h w i l l c l e a n
241
AG U I SiN A
Ag u isin A
54 g l a n c l e a n glanadh g l a nta
a n m o d h coi n niol lach the conditional mood

g h lanfa i n n n f g h la nfad h (se)
g h l a nfa an n g l a nfa d h (se)?
g h l a nfad h se/sf g o n g l a nfa d h (se)
g h l a nfai m is nach n g l a nfa d h (se)
g h l a nfad h s i b h
g h l a nfai d fs
g h l a nfaf (e)
ipl g h lanfad h mu i d C 3p/ g h la nfadh siad U

g h la n a i n n n f g h l a n a d h (se)
g h l a n ta an n g l a n a d h (se) ?
g h la n a d h se/sf go n g la n a d h (se)
g h la n a i m i s nach n g l a na d h (se)
g h la n a d h s i b h
g h l a n a i d fs
g h la ntaf (e)
ipl g h lanad h mu i d C 3p/ g h lanad h siad u

Ba g h nach l i o m g lanadh etc. u

g la n a i m go nglana me
glan g o n g l a n a tu
g la n a d h se/sf g o nglana se/sf
g la n a i m i s go n g l a n a i m i d
g la n a i g f go nglana sibh
g la n a i d fs go nglana siad
g la ntar (e) g o n g l a nta r (e)
na g l a n n a r g h la n a (se)
3 p l g lanad h siad U ipl g o ng lana mu i d CU
242
APPE N D IX A
Appendix A
54 g la n c l e a n g l anadh to c l e a n g l a nta c l ea n ed

I wo u l d clean ( h e) wou l d not clean
you (sg . ) wou l d clean wo u l d (he) c l ea n ?
h e/s h e wo u l d c l e a n that (he) wo u l d clean
w e wou l d c l e a n that ( h e) wo u l d not clean
y o u (pl .) wo u l d clean
they wou l d c l e a n
(it) wo u l d be cleaned
1pl we wo u l d clean C 3pl they wo u l d clean U
a n a i m s i r g h nathc haite the i m perfect tense

I u sed to clean (he) did not used to clean
you (sg . ) used to c l e a n did (he) used to c l ea n ?
he/s h e u s e d to c l e a n that (he) used t o clean
w e u sed to clean that (he) d i d not u sed to c l e a n
you (pl . ) used to clean
they used to c l e a n
(it) u s e d to be cleaned
1 p l w e u s e d t o c l e a n C JPI they u s e d t o c l ea n U
I t was c u sto mary fo r me to clean etc. u
a n m o d h ordaitheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach the

i m perative mood the present s u bj u n ctive
l et m e clean may I c l e a n
clean (sg . ) m a y y o u (sg . ) clean
l et h i m/her clean may h e/she clean
l et us clean may we clean
clean (pl . ) may you ((pl . ) clean
l et t h e m clean may they clean
l et (it) be c l ea n e d m ay (it) be cleaned
d o not clean may (he) not clean
3 p l let them clean U 1 p l m a y w e clean CU
243
TREO I R DON B H RIATHAR AG US DON I N N EACS
AN tl N N EACS
$1 Treoir don leitheoir

Sa l e a b h a r seo re i m n ftea rn s b riatha r (n 6 'eo c h a i rb h riatha r') ina n-io m l a i n e
. i . 11 briathar m iria l ta , 103 s a m p l a de p h rfo m h a i c m f na m b riath ra rialta - a g u s
roi n n t sa m plaf d e n chopa i l . T a u i m h i r ag s i u l l e g a c h briathar ata sna ta blaf a g u s nf
g a don leitheo i r ach d h u l go dtf an ta bla cuf leis a n b h riathar a i rithe s i n a fheicea i l .
Le c o is thablaf na m b riath ra do 115 eoc h a i rbh riathar, t a ti m pea l l 3300 briathar

eile san i n n eacs a g u s , i g co l u n a c u i g , cea n g laftea r na briath ra sea l e
heoc h a i r b h riathar ata l e fa i l sna ta blai.
$2 Leagtar a n t-i n n eacs amach mar a leanas:
gas/freamh Bearla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta

cior comb, examine cfora d h cfortha 19
Cial lafo n n a n m e i d t h u a s g o bhfu i l a n b riathar cio r a r aon dul l e i s a n b h riathar

cas agus g o bhfeid h m n e o i d h cas m a r m h u n la ag cfor. M a a m h a rcta r a r eas sna
ta bla[ beid h g o leor e o l a i s ag a n leitheo i r l e cior a rei m n i u ach cior (n6 chior, gcior)
a c h u r i n a i t cas ( n 6 chas, gcas) i ngach a i m s i r a g u s m od h .
Col li n , Tugta r gas ( n 6 frea m h) a n b h riatha i r sa c head c ho l li n , . i . a n 2 u pea rsa

u i m h i r uatha d e n m h o d h o rd a itheac h . Ta an fh o i rm sea m a r b h u n c h loch d o
rei m n i li na m b riathra rialta s a G h a e i l g e (fc h rei m n ithe na mbriath ra rialta
$$3-12 thfos) .
Col li n 2 Tu gtar m fn i u i m Bearla a r gach briath a r sa ch o l u n sea.
Col li n 3 Tugtar an t-a i n m b riathartha a n seo. Ta dha fhoirm a r leith de gach

briath a r ata fio rth a b h a c htach ag fog h l a i m eo i r . i . gas a n b h riath a i r a g u s an
t-a i n m briatha rth a . Ti ocfa i d h a n leitheo i r a r a n da p h fosa eolais s i n g o h eascaf
san i n neacs sea - rud ata ina b h u nta i ste m h 6 r - a g u s ba cheart b reath n u a r an
g h n e sea mar c h u i d b h u n u sach d'usaid a n l ea b h a i r sea.
N forbh fhe i d i r a n briat h a r a ra n g u de rei r fh o i rm a n a i n m briathartha (6 tha rla

a n o i read sin mfri a l tachta agus eag su lac hta ag baint leis an fh o i r m a i rithe sea)
ach ta baint l a rnach ag an a i n m briathartha le struchtu r na Gae i l g e . Bai ntear
o l l usaid as a n a i n m briathartha mar i n fi n ideach agus thig a i m s i rf a i rithe fo i rfe
a g u s t i m c h a i nteacha m a r sea a l u a , m a r s h a m p l a f :
244
G U I D E TO T H E VERBS AN D TO TH E I N DEX
TH E I N D EX
§1 Reader's g u i d e
I n t h i s b o o k 1 1 5 verbs (o r 'key verbs') a re conj u gated i n fu l l , i . e . the 11 i rreg u l a r
verbs , 103 exa m p les o f the m a i n categ ories o f reg u l a r verb - p l u s s a mp l es o f the
co p u l a . Each verb g iven i n the tables is n u m bered a n d the read e r need o n ly g o
t o the re l eva n t ta b l e t o s e e t h a t particu l a r verb. I n add ition to t h e 1 1 5 verb tables
fo r the key verbs, a p p roxi mately 3300 other verbs a re l i sted i n the i n d ex a n d in
co l u m n s of the i n d ex, all of these verbs a re associated with a key ve rb.
j2 The i n d ex is set out as fol lows:
stem/root English verbal noun verbal adjective verb type

cior comb, exa mine ciora d h ciortha ig
The above tel l s us that the verb cior belongs to the same categ ory (o r 'conj u gatio n')
as cas a n d that cas w i l l serve as a model fo r cior. If the ta b l e conta i n i n g cas is
consu lted t h e re wi l l be e n o u g h i nfo rmati o n t h e re to e n a b l e the read e r to
conj u g ate cior by s i m p l y placi n g cio r (o r chior, gcior) fo r cas (o r chas, gcas) in eve ry
tense a n d mood .
Col u m n l The stem of the verb is p rovided i n the fi rst col u m n , i . e . the 2nd perso n
s i n g u l a r of the i m pe rative mood . This fo rm serves as a b u i l d i n g b l o c k fo r th e
conj u gation o f the v e r b i n m o d e r n I ri s h ( s e e conj ugations o f the reg u l a r verb,
jj3-12 bel ow) .
Col u m n 2 An E n g l i s h m ea n i n g is p rovided fo r each verb i n t h i s col u m n .
Col u m n 3 The ve rbal n o u n is g iven h e re . I t i s crucial fo r th e learner t o know two

verba l fo rms in pa rti c u l a r, i . e . the stem a n d the verba l n o u n . The learner has easy
access to these two p i eces of i nfo rmat i o n in the i n d ex (a g reat p l u s - a n d t h i s
as pect s h o u l d be reg a rded as a fu n d a m e nta l use t o be made o f t h i s book) .
The verb c o u l d n o t b e categ orised accord i n g t o t h e verba l n o u n (g iven t h e g reat

i rreg u l a rity a n d vari ety associated with it) but the verbal n o u n i s centra l to
the stru ct u re of I ri s h . I t is widely used as a n i n fi n itive and certa i n perfect, a n d
other peri p h rastic o r co m po u n d , tenses ( s u c h as the fo l l owi ng) can b e cited as
exa m p l e s :
245
TREO I R DON B H R IATHAR AG US DON I N N EACS
Ta se (direach) i ndiaidh an teach a g h lanad h .

H e h a s (o n ly) j u st c l ea n ed t h e h o u s e .
T a se (direach) tar eis an teach a g h lanad h .
H e h a s (o n ly) j u st c l eaned t h e h o u s e .
T a se a r ti a n teach a g h lanad h .
H e i s about t o clean t h e h o u s e .
T a se ag brath an teach a g h lanad h .
H e i nte n d s t o c l e a n t h e h o u s e .
T a se c h u n a n teach a g h lanad h .
H e i nten d s t o c l e a n t h e h o u s e .
Col u n 4 Tu gtar a n a i d i acht b h riathartha a n seo. T a baint l a rnach ag a n

fhoirm s e o l e i s a n fhoi rfe s a G h a e i l g e , l e h u said a n b h riath a i r bi +an a i d iacht
b h riathartha + ag , m a r s h a m p l a :
T a s e deanta agam. 'I have d o n e it.'
Bhi se deanta agam . ' I had d o n e it.'
Col li n s M a s eocha i rb h riathar ata ann ta b h a rfa r u i m h i r a n b h riath a i r a i rithe sin

sna ta blai, m . s h . cas 1 9 , suigh 97 srl . M u ra b eoc h a i r b h riathar ata a n n , ta b h a rfa r
a i n m eoc h a i rb h riath a i r a b h e i d h m a r b h u n m h u n l a ag an b h riathar a i rithe s i n ,
m . s h . cas do cior (§2 th uas) .
§3 an chead agus an d a ra rei m n i u den bhriathar

Ta dha p h rfo m h rei m i u (n6 dha p h rfo m h g h ru pa) den b h riat h a r ri a l ta
. i . an c h ead rei m n i u (§s) a g u s an d a ra rei m n i u (§8) .
§4 'leathan le leathan' agus 'caol le caol'

Baistea r g utaf 'leathana' a r a , o , u ( . i . na g utaf c u i l ) agus g u taf 'caola' a r e ag u s i
( . i . na g utaf tosa i g h ) .
Mas e a , o n6 u a n g uta d e i r i d h s a g h a s (i m b riat h ra a b h a i n ea n n l e i s a n c h ead
rei m n i u) , baistear gas leathan a r a n g has s i n ( m . s h . CgS 'twist', d iQI 'se l l ' n6
cym'co m pose') .
Mas e i an g uta deiridh sa g has, baistea r gas caol a i r sin ( m . s h . caill 'lose', lig 'let') .
Co m h l fo n a n n na fo i rc i n n -gn n , -fgid h , -fgd h srl . a n ria i l 'lea than le l ea than' (a , o ,
u tao b h l e a , o , u ) , m . s h .
CgSgnn CgSfgidh ChgSfgdh
diQlgnn diQlfgid h dhiQlfgd h
dyngn n dynfgid h d h.Y.nfgd h
twists w i l l twist wo u l d twist
sells wi l l s e l l wo u l d s e l l
cl oses will close wo u l d c l o s e
246
G U I D E TO TH E VERBS AN D TO TH E I N DEX
Ta se (direach) i ndiaidh an teach a g h lanad h .

H e h a s (on ly) j u st c l eaned t h e h o u s e .
T a se (direach) tar eis a n teach a g h l a n ad h .
H e h a s (o n l y) j u st c l eaned t h e h o u s e .
T a se a r ti a n teach a g h l a n a d h .
H e i s about to clean the h o u s e .
T a se ag brath a n teach a g h lanad h .
H e i nten d s t o clean t h e h o u s e .
T a se c h u n a n teach a g h lanad h .
H e i ntends t o clean t h e h o u s e .
Col u m n 4 The ve rba l adj ective (o r p a s t parti c i p l e) is g iven h e re . T h i s fo rm i s

centra l to the fo rmatio n o f the perfect tenses. i n the c o m b i nation the ve rb bi 'be'
+ ve rba l adj ective + the p reposition ag 'at', as i n :
Ta s e deanta aga m . ' I have d o n e it:
Bhi se deanta aga m . ' I h a d d o n e it:
Col u m n 5 If a verb i s a key ve rb, the n u m be r at w h i c h it occ u rs i n the ta bles i s

g ive n , e . g . cas 1 9 , suigh 9 7 etc . If it i s not a k e y ve rb, the n a m e o f the verb w h i c h
wi l l se rve as a b a s i c m o d e l fo r t h a t pa rtic u l a r verb wi l l be g ive n , e . g . cas fo r cior
(j2 above) .
f3 the fi rst and second conjugation of the verb

There a re two m a i n conj ugations (o r categ ories) of reg u l a r verb in I ri s h ,
i . e . the fi rst conj u g ation (fs) a n d t h e second conj u g ation (JS) .
f4 'broad with broad' and 'slender with slender'

The (back) vowe l s a , o , u a re described as ' b road' vowe l s a n d the (fro nt) vowel s e
a n d i as ' s l e n d e r'.
If a, o or u is the fi na l vowe l in the stem (fo r verbs belong i n g to the ist
conj u g ation), t h i s i s cal led a broad stem (e . g . CgS 'twi st', di.QI 'se l l ' o r
cym'co m pose') .
If i is the fi na l vowe l , t h i s is ca l l ed a slender stem (e . g . Cgi l l 'lose', lig ' l et') .
The suffixes -an n , -faid h , -fadh etc . m a i nta i n the ru l e 'broad with b road'
(i . e . a , o, u bes i d e a , o , u), e . g .
CgSgnn CgSf<!_id h Ch<!_Sf<!_dh
diQl<i.n n diQlfgid h d h iQlf<i.dh
dyngnn dynfgid h d hynf<i.dh
twi sts wi l l twist wou l d twist
sel l s will s e l l wou l d s e l l
closes wi l l close wou l d close
247
Co m h l fo n a n n na fo i rc i n n -egn n , -fid h , -fgad h s rl . an ria i l 'ca o l le caol' . i .

(e, i tao b h l e e, i) , m . s h .
cail legn n cail lfidh c hail lfgad h
liggan n ligfidh ligfgadh
loses will lose wou l d lose
l ets wi l l l et wou l d l et
Is ag brath ar a n g h uta deiridh sa 'g has g h earr' ata leithne agus cao i l e na m b riat h ra
as an 2u re i m n i u a g u s na m b riath ra coi m ri t h e , fc h $$8-10 (ag u s Jj11-1 2 ) .
fs an c head rei m n i u , leathan agus caol

Bu nus na m b riath ra rialta a bhfu i l gas a o n s i o l l a c h acu b a i n ea n n siad leis a n
chead rei m n i u , m . s h . bog 'm ove', n6 bris 'brea k'. Sa l e a b h a r s e o tog h a d h n a
briath ra a l e a n a s m a r s h a m plaf d e n c h ead rei m n i u l eathan a g u s cao l :
11 an chfad reimniii leathan

am hare look
an chead reimniii caol
bain take, w i n
at swe l l bris break
bog move caill lose
cas twist caith t h row
diol sell cuir put
dun close druid close
fag l eave eist l i sten
fan wait fi l l/pill retu rn
fas g row geill yield
fliuch wet lig let
glan clean mill destroy
iarr ask oil rear
las l i g ht rith ru n
meath d ecay roi n n d ivide
mol p raise scaoil loosen
61 drink sin stretc h
p6s ma rry tiomain d rive
scriobh write tit fa l l
seas stan d tuig u n d e rsta n d
tean n tig hten
tog l i ft
tracht mention
N6ta: Ce g o bhfu i l gas caol ag na briath ra siuil 'wa l k' a g u s taispeai n 'show' (shiuil
'wal ked', thaispeain 'showed'), l eath naftear gas na m b riathra seo nuair a c h u i rtear
foi rci n n leo: m . s h .
248
G U I D E TO T H E VERBS AN D TO TH E I N D EX
The suffixes -ea n n , -fid h , -fead h m a i n ta i n the ru l e 'slender with s l e n d e r' ( . i . e . e, i

beside e, i), e . g .
cail lgan n cail lfidh Ch.;!il lfgad h
liggan n ligfidh ligfgadh
loses will lose wo u l d lose
l ets will let wo u l d let
The way to determ i n e broad or slender ste m s fo r 2nd conj u gation (and syncopated)
ve rbs is based o n the last vowel in the ' s h o rt' ste m s , see JfS-10 (and j11-1 2) .
j s the fi rst conjugation , broad a n d slender

M o st verbs with a s i n g l e syl l a b l e in the stem belong to the fi rst conj u gati o n ,
e . g . bog 'm ove', o r bris 'brea k'. T h e fo l l ow i n g ve rbs have b e e n sel ected a s
exa m p l es o f 1 st conj u gation broad a n d s l e n d er:
first conjugation broad first conjugation slender

amharc look bain take, win
at swe l l bris break
bog move caill lose
cas twi st caith t h row
diol sell cuir put
dun close druid close
fag leave eist l i sten
fa n wa it fi l l/pill return
fas g row geill yield
fliuch wet lig let
glan clean mill destroy
iarr ask oil rear
las l i g ht rith run
meath d ecay roi n n d ivide
mol praise scaoil loosen
61 d ri n k sin stretc h
p6s ma rry tiomain d rive
scriobh write tit fa l l
seas sta nd tuig u n d e rsta nd
tean n tig hten
tog l ift
tracht mention
Note: Altho u g h the verbs siuil 'wa l k' a n d taispeain 'show' have slender stem s
( s h i u i l 'wal ked', thaispeain 'showed') , the stems are broad e n ed when suffixes a re
added, e.g .
249
TREOI R DON B H RIATHAR Ac:; US DON I N N EACS
siulann 'wa l ks' sililfaidh 'wi l l wa l k'

taispeanann 'shows' taispeanfaidh 'wi l l show'
$6 An chead rei m n i u leatha n

Rei m n itea r bog 'm ove' mar a lean as sna h a i m s i rf a g u s sna m o d h a n n a seo n u a i r a
c h u i rtea r fo i rcea n n l e i s :
laithreach bogan n se he moves
fai sti neach bogfaidh se h e w i l l move
coi n n fo l lach bhogfad h se h e wou l d move
g n athchaite bhogad h se he used to m ove
ord aitheach bogad h se l et h i m m ove
fos h u iteach laithr. g o m boga se may he move
§7 1 u rei m n i u caol Rei m n ftea r bris 'break' m a r :

laithreach brisea n n se he breaks
faistineach b risfi d h s e he wi l l b reak
coi n n fo l lach bhrisfeadh se h e wou l d b reak
g n athchaite bhri seadh se h e used to b reak
ordaitheach briseadh se l et him b reak
fos h u iteach laithr. go m b rise se m ay he b reak
$8 a n dara rei m n i u
I s iad na b riathra d e s h i o l lacha ( n 6 i l si o l lacha) a c h rfoch nafo n n i n - i g h a n a i c m e i s
coitia nta sa d a ra rei m n i u , m . s h . ceannaigh 'buy' n 6 coi n n i g h ' kee p'. Sa l e a b h a r
s e o tog hadh na b riath ra a leanas marsham plai den d a ra rei m n i u l eat h a n agus cao l :
an dara reimnili leathan -aigh an dara reim n i u caol -igh

gas fada gas gearr gas fada gas gearr
athraigh athr- change bailigh bail- col l ect
beannaigh bean n - b l ess coi n n i g h c o inn- keep
cean naig h ceann- buy cru i n n i g h cruinn- gather
dathaigh dath- colour dirigh dir- stra i g hten
eag raigh eag r- o rg a n i se duisigh d u is- awa ken
fiafraigh fiafr- ask eirig h eir- g et u p
ionsaigh ions- attack foilsigh foils- publish
maraigh mar- kill imigh im- l eave
mionnaigh mionn- swear minigh min- exp l a i n
neartaigh neart- strengthen sinigh sin- sign
ordaigh ord- o rd e r smaoinigh smaoin- think
sca n raigh sca n r- fri g hten tuirsigh tuirs- t i re
socraigh socr- arra n g e
tosaigh tos- beg i n
triomaigh triom- d ry
u l l mhaigh u l l m h- p repare
250
G U I D E TO TH E VERBS A N D TO T H E I N DEX
siulann 'wal ks' siu lfaidh 'wi l l wa l k'

taispeanann 'shows' taispeanfaidh 'wi l l sh ow'
f 6 15t conj ugation broad

The verb bog 'm ove' is conj u gated as below when suffixes a re a d d ed fo r the
va ri o u s tenses a n d m o o d s :
present bogann se h e moves
fut u re bogfaid h se h e wi l l move
conditional bhogfadh se h e wou l d move
i m pe rfect bhogadh se h e used to move
i m perative bogadh se let him move
present s u bj u n ctive g o m boga se may h e move
f7 1•t conjugation slender; bris i s conj u g ated :

p resent briseann se he breaks
fut u re brisfidh se he wi l l break
conditional b h ri sfeadh se h e wou l d b reak
i m perfect bh riseadh se h e used to break
i m pe rative bri seadh se l et him break
present s u bj u n ctive g o m b rise se may h e break
f8 the second conjugation

Verbs of two syl l a b l es (o r m o re) which end in -ig h a re the most co m m o n type
be l o n g i n g to the seco n d conj u g atio n , e . g . ceannaigh 'buy' o r coi n n i g h 'keep'.
The fo l l ow i n g have been chosen as exa m p l es of seco n d conj u g atio n ve rbs,
b road a n d s l e n d e r :
2nd conjugation broad , -aigh 2nd conjugation slender, -igh

long stem short stem long stem short stem
athraigh athr- change bailigh bail- col l ect
beannaigh beann- bless coi n n i g h co inn- keep
ceannaigh ceann- buy cruinnigh cru i n n- gather
dathaigh dath- co l o u r diri g h dir- straig hten
eag raigh eag r- org a n ise d u isigh d u is- awa ken
fiafraigh fiafr- ask eirigh eir- g et u p
ionsaigh ions- attack foilsigh foi ls- publish
maraigh mar- kill imigh im- l eave
mionnaigh mionn- swear minigh min- exp l a i n
neartaigh neart- strengthen sinigh sin- sign
ordaigh ord- ord e r smaoinigh smaoin- t h i n k
scanraigh scanr- frig hten tuirsigh tuirs- t i re
socraigh socr- arra n g e
tosaigh tos- beg i n
triomaigh triom- d ry
u l l mhaigh u l l m h- prepare
251
$9 gas 'fada' agus gas 'gearr'

Is fei d i r b reath nu ar a n d a ra rei m n i u mar b h riat h ra a bhfu i l d h a g h as (n6 d h a
fh rea m h) acu , . i . g a s fad a a g u s g a s gea rr. I s i o n a n n a n g a s fada a g u s a n d a ra
pea rsa u i m h i r uatha d e n m h o d h o rdaitheac h , m . s h . ceannaigh 'b uy', coin n i g h
' kee p'. M u n a g c u i rtea r fo i rcea n n leis a n b h riat h a r, fa n a n n a n gas fad a , m . s h .
cheannaigh se ' h e boug ht' a g u s choi n n i g h sf 'she ke pt'. M a c h u i rtea r fo i rcea n n
l e i s na b riath ra seo, ca i l ltear an -aigh n 6 a n -ig h a g a n d e i read h a g u s c u i rtea r a n
fo i rcea n n l e i s a n g h as g h io rra ithe, . i . ceann- a g u s coi n n - ($8 thuas).
$1 0 2 li rei m n i u leathan Rei m n ftea r briath ra a r n6s ceannaigh 'buy' m a r a leanas

nuair a c h u i rtea r fo i rcea n n leo:
laith reach cea n n afon n se he buys
fa i sti n each cea n n6idh se h e wi l l buy cean n6chaidh se u
coi n n io l lach cheann6dh se he wo u l d buy chean n6chadh se u
g n athchaite chea n nafod h se he used to buy
o rdaitheach cea n n aiod h se let him buy
fos h u iteach laithr. go gcean nai se may h e buy
2 li rei m n i u caol
Rei m n ftea r coin n i g h 'keep' m a r a leanas:
laithreach coi n n io n n se he keeps
faistineach coin neoid h se h e wi l l keep coi n n eochaid h se u
coi n n io l lach c h o i n neodh se h e wo u l d keep choinneochadh se u
g n athchaite choi n n iodh se h e used to keep
ordaitheach co i n niodh se let him keep
fosh u iteach l a i t h r. g o gcoi n n i se may he keep
Jn na briathra coi m rithe

Baistea r briatha r co i m rithe ar b h riath a r a bhfu i l n fos m6 na s i o l l a a m h a i n sa
g has d a r c rfoch -i i , -i n , -ir n6 -is. Tog h a d h na b riat h ra a leanas m a r s h a m p laf de
na briath ra coi m rithe ( l ea than a g u s cao l ) :
briathra coi mrithe briath ra coimrithe

an dara rei m n i u leathan an dara reimniu caol
gas fad a gas gearr gas fada gas gearr
ceangail ceangl- tie aithin aithn- recog n i se
coda ii cod I- sleep imir imr- play
freagair freagr- a n swer in is ins- tel l
iompair iompr- ca rry taiti n taitn- shine
labhair labhr- speak
muscail muscl- awa ken
oscail oscl- open
seachain seachn- avoi d
tagair tagr- refe r
252
ii
G U I D E TO T H E VERBS AN D TO TH E I N D EX
f9 long stem and short stem

Ve rbs of the second conj u gation can be reg a rded as havi n g two ste m s , a l o n g
s t e m a n d a s h o rt ste m . T h e l o n g stem i s t h e s a m e as the seco n d s i n g u l a r of t h e
i m pe rative mood , e . g . ceannaigh 'buy', coi n n i g h ' keep'. If a suffix i s not a d d e d
then the s t e m rem a i n s l o n g , e . g . cheannaigh se ' h e boug ht' a n d choi n n i g h s i
'she ke pt'. If a s u ffi x i s added to th ese verbs, the -aigh , o r -ig h , i s l o s t at the e n d
and a s uffix is added to the short ste m , i . e . cea n n - a n d coi n n - (f8 above) .
f10 2nd conj u g ation broad The verb ceannaigh 'buy' is conj u gated as below
when suffixes a re added :
p resent cean naionn se he buys
futu re cea n n6idh se he wi l l buy cea n n6chaidh se U
conditional cheann6dh se h e wou l d buy cheann6chadh se u
i m perfect chean naiod h se h e used to buy
i m pe rative cean naiod h se l et h i m buy
present subjunctive go gceannai se may he buy
2nd conj ugation slender

The verb coi n n i g h 'keep' i s conj ug ated as fo l l ows:
p resent c o i n n io n n se h e keeps
fut u re c o i n n eoidh se he wi l l keep coin neochaidh se u
conditional choin neodh se he wou l d keep choinneochadh se u
i m pe rfect c h o i n niod h se he u sed to keep
i m pe rative c o i n n iodh se l et h i m keep
present subjunctive go gcoi n n i se may he keep
fn the syncopated verbs Verbs of m o re than one syl l a b l e e n d i n g i n -i i -i n , -ir .
o r - is a re mostly 'syncopated verbs'. In t h i s book the fo l l owi n g ve rbs have been

sel ected as exa m p les of synco pated verbs ( b road and s l e n d e r) :
syncopated verbs syncopated verbs

second conjugation broad second conjugation slender
long stem short stem long stem short stem
ceangail ceangl- tie aithi n aithn- reco g n ise
coda ii Codi- sleep imir imr- p lay
freagair freagr- a n swer i n is i ns- tel l
iompair iompr- carry taitin taitn- shine
labhair labhr- speak
m uscail mu sci- awaken
oscail oscl- open
seachain seachn- avoi d
tagair tag r- refer
253
TRE O I R DON B H RIATHAR AG US DON I N N EACS
Aris e i l e , usaidtear a n gas fada n u a i r nach g c u i rtea r fo i rcea n n l e i s a n g ha s , m . s h .

ceangail 'tie' (cheangail s e ' h e tied') a g u s i m i r ' p l ay' (d 'imir se ' h e p l ayed') . M a
c h u i rtea r foi rcea n n l e o , c a i l ltea r (n6 'co i m ritea r') a n a i n6 an i ag d e i read h a n
g ha i s fhada ( . i . ceangl- a g u s i m r-) . Re i m n itea r na b riat h ra seo m a r a leanas:
$12 briathar coi m rithe leath a n , cea ngail 'tie'

laithreach cea ng laionn se h e ties
faistineach ceang l6idh se h e w i l l tie cea n g l 6chaidh se u
coi n n fo l lach cheang l6dh se h e wou l d tie chea n g l 6chadh se u
g n athcha ite chea n g l aiod h se h e used to tie
o rdaitheach cea n g l aiod h se let him tie
fos h u iteach laithr. go gceang lai se may he tie
briathar coi m rithe cao l , imir'play'

laithreach i m rion n se he p l ays
fai st i n each i m reoid h se h e wi l l p l ay i m reochaidh se u
coi n n fo l lach d ' i m reod h se h e wou l d play d'i m reochadh se u
g n athcha ite d ' i m riod h se h e used to p l ay
o rda itheach i m riod h se l et him p l ay
fos h u iteach laithr. go n-i m ri se may he p lay
$13 N 6ta: Ni c h o i m ritear na heocha i rb h riath ra a leanas (sa C h a i g h d e a n ) : aith ris

' recite' (3) , fog hlaim ' l ea rn' (49) , freastai l 'atte n d ' (52) , taistil 'trave l' (101 ) , a g u s
tarraing ' p u l l ' (1 04) .
$14 aonsiol laigh in -igh agus an c head rei m n i u

T a roi n nt eoch a i rbh riat h ra a bhfu i l s i o l l a a m h a i n sa g has a g u s a c h rfoch naio n n
i n -ig h . Ta ria l a c h a d ifri u l a ag baint l e c u i d d e na b riath ra seo.
baigh 'd rown' (7) bruigh 'bru i se' (16) cruaigh 'harden' (26)
d6igh 'bu rn' (33) feoigh 'decay' (45)
Bio n n siad l eathan n u a i r a c h u i rtea r fo i rcea n n d a r t u s - f- leo a g u s caol n u a i r

a c h u i rtea r fo i rcea n n d a r tus - t- leo - m a r a fh ei cfear 6 na foi rmeacha d e n
tsaorbh riatha r sa n a i m s i r l a i t h reach sa d a ra co l u n d e n ta b l a thios a g u s s a n
a i d iacht b h riathartha, baite.
lciithreach saorbhriathar fciistineach coinnfo llach gncithchaite

ban n baitear bcifaidh bhcifadh bhadh bru n n
bruitear brufaidh bh rufadh bhrudh cruan n
cru a itea r cruafaidh chruafadh chruadh d6nn d6itear
d6faidh dh 6fad h dh6dh feon n feoitear
feofaidh d'fheofadh d'fheodh
254
G U I D E TO T H E VERBS A N D TO TH E I N D EX
Once again the long stem is u sed when n o suffix i s added to the ste m ,
e . g . ceangail 'tie' (cheangail s e ' h e tied') a n d i m i r 'p lay' (d'i m i r s e ' h e p l ayed') . If
a suffix is added , the ai o r i at the end of the long stem i s lost (o r 'synco pated '),
hence cea n g l- and i m r- as s h o rt ste m s . These verbs a re conj u g ated as fo l l ows:
f12 syncopated verb, broad ste m , ceangail 'tie'

p resent cea n g laionn se he ties
futu re cea n g l6idh se he wi l l t ie cea n g l6chaidh se u
conditional chea n g l6dh se he wou l d t ie cheang l6chadh se u
i m pe rfect chea n g l aiod h se he u sed to t i e
i m pe rative cea n g laiod h se let h i m tie
present s u bj u n ctive go gceang lai se may he t i e
syncopated verb, slender ste m , imir ' p l ay'

p resent i m rion n se he p l ays
futu re i m reoidh se he wi l l play i m reochaidh se u
conditional d'i m reod h se he wo u l d play d'i m reochadh se u
i m pe rfect d ' i m riod h se he u sed to p l ay
i m pe rative i m riod h se let h i m play
present s u bj u nctive go n-i m ri se may he play
f13 Note: The fo l l ow i n g key verbs are not synco pated ( i n Sta n d a rd I rish): aithris
'recite' (3) . fog h l a i m ' l ea rn' (49) , freastail 'atte n d ' (52), taistil 'trave l' (101 ) , and
tarraing ' p u l l ' (1 04) .
f14 monosyl lables in -igh and the fi rst conjugation

Some key verbs have o n l y one syl l a b l e and end in -ig h . Diffe rent ru l es a p p l y to
th ese verbs.
baigh 'd rown' (7) bruigh ' b ru i se' (16) cruaigh 'harden' (26)
d6igh 'bu rn' (33) feoigh 'decay' (45)
They a re broad when a suffix beg i n n i n g in - f- is added a n d s l e n d e r when a s uffix

beg i n n i n g i n - t- is added - as may be seen fro m the present auto n o m o u s i n the
2 n d col u m n of the ta b l e bel ow, o r i n t h e verba l adjective baite 'd rowned':
present pres. auton. future conditional imperfect

ban n baitear bataidh bhatadh bhadh
bru n n bru itear brufaidh bh rufadh bhrudh
cruann cruaitear cruafaidh chruafadh chruadh
d6nn d6itear d6faidh dh6fad h dh6dh
feon n feoitear feofaidh d'fheofadh d 'fheod h
255
TREO I R DON B H RIATHAR AG U S DON I N N EACS
§1 5 nigh 'wash' (76), suigh 'sit' (97) - mar aon le b ri at h ra mar l u i g h 'l ie',
g u i g h 'p ray', bligh ' m i l k': Tu gta r faoi deara g u r i ata a n n ro i m h - t- , ms h n ite
'washed' - c h a n i o n a n n a g u s cloite 'deafeated' < cloig h .
ltiithreach ftiistineach cainniollach gntithchaite ordaitheach

nionn nifidh nifead h niodh niod h
suionn suifidh shuifeadh shuiodh suiodh
§16 leigh 'read' (66) - mar aon l e pleigh 'd iscu ss', spreigh 'spread', teig h 'wa rm':
ltiithreach saorbhriathar ftiistineach cainniollach gntithchaite ordaitheach

leann leitear leifidh leifeadh leadh lead h
§17 pacail 'pack' (81 ) , sabhail 'save' (85) , sta m pail 'sta m p' (96) : Tu gta r faoi deara
go m bfon n a n gas caol ro i m h - t- (cos u i l le§14 th uas) , m s h . pacailtea r ' i s packed',
pacailte 'packed' srl .
ltiithreach ftiistineach coinniollach gntithchaite ordaitheach

pacalann pacalfaidh phacalfad h phacalad h pacaladh
$18 caitear srl .

N u a i r a c h u i rtea r fo i rcea n n d a r t u s t- l e b riathar a r bith a bhfu i l -th n6 -t ag
d e i read h a n g ha i s , scrfo b htar -tht- a g u s -tt- m a r -t-:
caitear ' i s worn' (in ait caithtear)

d'eistea 'you u sed to l i sten' ( i n ait d'eisttea)
Ba ch ea rt d o n leitheo i r b reath n u sna ta b l a i ar na briat h ra : at 'swe l l ' (5) , caith

'th row' (18) , eist ' l i sten' (39) , meath 'd ecay' (69) , tracht 'mention' (m) .
§1 9 na briathra mirialta
Is iad sea a leanas na p rio m h b h riath ra m frialta:
abair say (1) faigh get (41)

beir bear (11) feic see (44 )
bi be (12) ith eat (63)
cluin/ hear (23) tabhair g i ve ( 98 )
clois tar come (103)
dean do, make (30) teig h go (106)
256
G U I D E TO T H E VERBS A N D TO THE I N DEX
f1 5 nigh 'wash' (76), suigh 'sit' (97) - as we l l as verbs such as l u i g h ' l ie', g u i g h
' p ray', bligh ' m i l k'. N ote t h a t i i s a l ways s h o rt befo re - t- i n t h e s e ve rbs, e . g . n ite
'washed' ( u n l i ke clofg h 'd efeat', v. adj . clofte):
present future conditional imperfect imperative

nfonn nifidh nffead h nfod h niodh
sufonn suifi d h shuffeadh sh ufodh sufodh
f16 leigh ' read' (66)-as we l l as pleigh 'd iscu ss·, spreigh 'spread', teigh 'wa rm':
present pres. auton. future conditional imperfect imperative

leann leitear leifidh leifeadh leadh lead h
f17 pacail 'pack' (81 ) , sabhail 'save' (85) , stampail 'sta m p' (96) . N ote that the
stem stays s l e n d e r befo re - t (as i n §i4 a bove) , e . g . pacai ltea r 'is pac ked', pacailte
'packed' etc.
present future conditional imperfect imperative

pacalann pacalfaidh phacalfadh phacaladh pacaladh
f18 caitear etc

When a suffix beg i n n i n g i n t- i s added to any verb whose stem ends i n -th o r -t,
then - tht- a n d - tt- a re written as s i n g l e - t- e . g .
caitear ' i s worn' ( i n stead of ait caithtear)

d'eistea 'you used to l i sten' ( i nstead of ait d'eisttea)
The rea d e r s h o u l d check in the t a b l es fo r the ve rbs: at 'swe l l ' (5) , caith 'th row'
(18). eist ' l i sten' (39) , meath 'decay' (69) , tracht 'mention' (111).
f19 the i rreg u l a r verbs

The fo l l owi n g a re the m a i n i rreg u l a r verbs:
abair say (1) faigh g et (41)

beir bear (11) feic see (44 )
bi be (12) ith ea (63)
cluin/ hear (23) tabhair g ive ( 98 )
clois tar come (103)
dean do. m a ke (30) teigh go (106)
257
TRE O I R DON B H RIATHAR AG US DON I N N EACS
j"20 foi rmeacha coibh nesta in -s sa laithreach a g u s san fhaistineach

(fo i rmeacha nea m h spleacha amhain)
I g C u i g e U la d h agus i gCon nachta usai dtea r sa m p l af d'fh o i rmeacha speisialta

c o i b h n easta a c h rfoc h nafo n n i n -s san a i m s i r laith reach a g u s san fhaisti neac h :
a n fear a bhrisean n CO, M the man who b reaks an fear a bhriseas

( . . . a bhriseanns C)
an fear a bhrisfidh the man who wi l l break an fear a bhrisfeas
f 21 na claoc h l u ithe tosaigh

Deantar na briat h ra a rei m n i u sa g h n fo m hach a g u s sa tsaorbh riath a r. Co m h
maith l e i s s i n , tugta r sa m plaf de na b riath ra i n d i a i d h n a bhfo i rmeacha de n a
m f rea n n a is coitianta a t h a g a n n ro m p u :
nior. ar, gur, nar san a i m s i r chaite

nf. an . go, nach san a i m s i r laithreac h , fha i sti neac h . g h nathchaite. sa m h o d h
c h o i n niollach a g u s san a i m s i r chaite do ro i n nt briathra miria lta
na sa m h o d h ordaitheach (ag u s na d o nach i g C u i g e M u m han)
go, nar sa mhodh fh o s h u iteach , aimsir l a i t h reach
Tu gtar na fo i rmeacha sea l e treo i r a t h a b h a i rt m a i d i r leis a n c h laoch l u c h u i

tosa i g h a r c6 i r a u s a i d i n d i a i d h g a c h fo i rm e , g n e a b h fo n n g o m i n i c i n a constaic
ag a n fhog h l a i meoi r - m u ra m bi a n t-eo las sea i n easna m h a r fad a i r. Tath a r
ag s u i l g o g c u i d e o i d h a l e i t h e i d d e c h u r i lath a i r l e i s a n fhog h la i m eo i r theacht
isteach ar c h 6 ras na g c l aoch l u ithe tosa i g h a r bhealach n ios eascaf a r a n a b h a r g o
bhfu i l sei m h i u , u ru a g u s h ro i m h g h uta de d h l uth a g u s d'i n n each i n g reasan na
Gaei l g e .
$22 sei m h i u , u ru agus h roi m h g h uta

Seo achoi m re ar na hath ruithe a tharlafo n n i gcas na gclaoc h l u ithe tosa i g h - fad
agus a b h a i n ea n n siad l e rei m n i u na m b riathra d e :
bu nfh o i rm fo i rm chaochlaithe
sei m hi li b, c, d, f, g, m, p, s, t bh, ch, dh, fh, gh, mh, ph, sh, th
u ru b, c, d, f,g, p, t mb, gc, nd, bhf, ng, bp, dt

a, e, i, o, u n-a, n-e, n-i, n-o, n-u
h roi m h g h uta a, e, i, o, u ha, he, hi, ho, hu
258
G U I D E TO T H E VERBS AN D TO THE I N DEX
j20 relative forms i n -s i n the present and fut u re (independent forms on ly)
Exa m p l es a re g ive n , in the p resent a n d fut u re , of the special re lative fo rms which
e n d i n -s, fo rms w h i c h reg u larly occ u r i n U l ster a n d Con n a u g ht:
an fear a bh risea n n CO , M the m a n who b reaks an fear a bh riseas

( . . . a bhriseanns C)
an fear a bhrisfidh the man who wi l l break an fear a bhrisfeas
f 21 the i n itial m utations

The verbs a re conj u g ated i n the active a n d the auto n o m o u s (o r i m pe rso nal/
passive) . In a d d itio n , exa m p l e s a re g iven of the verb after some of the most
co m m o n fo rms of p reve rbal particles such as:
nior, ar, gur, n a r past tense

nf. an, go, nach the p resent, future, i m pe rfect tenses, the conditional mood
a n d i n the past tense of some i r re g u lars
na the i m pe rative mood ( p l u s na for nach i n M u n ster)
go, nar i n the p resent s u bj u n ctive
These p reverbal fo rms a re p rovided to h e l p and advise as to the a p p ro p riate

i n itial m utati o n (or c h a n g e at the sta rt of the word) w h i c h s h o u l d be used after
each pa rtic l e , a feat u re w h i c h ca n often d u m bfo u n d the learner. It is ho ped that
such a p resentati o n wi l l h e l p the learner fa m i l i a ri se h i m/h e rself with the system
of i n itial m utati o n s in a conve n i e n t way, g iven the fact that a s p i rati o n , ecli psis
a n d h befo re a vowe l a re i nteg ra l pa rts of I rish g ra m m a r.
j22 aspiration, eclipsis and h before a vowel

The fo l lowi n g is a res u m e of the c h a n g es w h i c h occ u r as a res u l t of the
m utati o n s - as fa r as the verbal system is conce rn ed :
p r i m a ry form of i n itial m u tated form of i n itial

aspiration b, c, d, f, g, m, p, s,t bh, ch, dh, fh, gh, mh, ph, sh, th
eclipsis b, c, d, f,g, p, t mb, gc, nd, bhf. ng, bp, dt

a, e, i, o,u n-a, n-e, n-i, n-o, n-u
h before vowel a, e, i, o, u ha, he, hi, ho, hu
259
TREO I R DON B H RIATHAR ACi US DON I N N EACS
f23 tuslitreacha nach gclaochlaitear

Ta ro i n nt consan a n n nach gclaochlaitea r in a m a r bith :
h-, 1-, n , r- hata leathan, neata, righin
sc-, sm-, sp-, st- Scread an smaolach agus stad an spealad6ir.
na claoc h l u ithe tosaigh sa g h niomhach de g h nathbhriath ra
$24 sei m h i u Lea n a n n sei m h i u na m frea n n a a l ea na s :

nior. ar, g u r, n a r a i m s i r c h a i t e ( s a g h nfomhach a m h a i n )
ni gach a i m s i r ag u s modh (a ch faigh agus deir)
nar a n modh fos h u iteach , a i m s i r laithreach .
f25 uru Lea n a n n u ru na m irea n na a leanas:

an , go, nach gach a i m s i r agus m o d h
f26 h roi m h g h uta C u i rtea r h ro i m h g h utha i n d i a i d h

na sa m h o d h o rdaitheach
(ag u s na d o nach sa M u m h a i n ) .
f27 na claoc h l u ithe tosai g h sa tsaorbhriathar

Sa C h a i g h d e a n Oifig i u i l n f l ea n a n n aon c h laoch l u tosa i g h nior, ar, gur agus nar
i saorbhriathar na h a i m s i re caite. S n a ca n u i ntf n f thig aon ath ru a r c h o n sa n ach
c u i rtea r h ro i m h g h uta :
g niom hach active saorbhriathar a utonomous

CO, U , C, M
th6g se he l ifted T6gadh e . I t w a s l ifted .
nior t!J.6g se h e d i d not l ift N ior t6gadh e. It was not l ifte d .
ar t!J.6g se? did h e l ift? Ar t6gadh e? Was it l ifted ?
g u r th6g se that he l ifted . . . g u r t6gadh e . . . . that it was l ifted .
nar th6g se that h e d i d n ot l ift . . . nar t6gadh e . . that it was not l ifted .
. .
g n iomhach active saorbhriathar autonomous
co
d'ol se h e d ra n k 61ad h e . It was d r u n k .
nior 61 se h e d i d not d ri n k Nior 6 1 a d h e . It w a s n o t d r u n k .
a r 6 1 se? did h e d ri n k ? Ar olad h e? Was it d ru n k?
g u r 61 se that he d ra n k g u r 61ad h e. that it was d r u n k .
nar 61 se that h e d i d n ot d r i n k nar 61ad h e . that it w a s n o t d r u n k .
A c h h61adh e . N ior h61adh e. Ar h61adh e ?

. . . g u r/nar h61adh srl . M , C, u .
260
G U I D E TO T H E VERBS A N D TO THE I N D EX
§23 i n itials which never change

Some consona nts never u n d e rg o any changes at the start of word s :
h - , 1 - , n , r- He likes noodles and, rice.
sc-. sm-. sp-. st- Scallions smell spicy in stew.
i n itial m utations of ordinary verbs in the active
f24 aspiration occ u rs after the fo l l owi ng parti c l e s :

nior. a r , gur. n a r past tense (active o n ly)
ni every tense and mood (except faigh and deir)
nar p resent s u bj u nctive .
f 25 ecl i psis occ u rs after the fo l l owi ng parti c l e s :

an , go, nach every tense and mood
f26 h before vowel occ u rs afte r

na i n the i m pe rative mood
(and na. fo r nac h , i n M u n ster) .
f27 i n itial m utations in the autonomous

In the Offi c i a l Sta n d a rd n o m utation occ u rs after nior, ar. gur and nar in the
past tense of the a u to n o m o u s ( i m perso na l/pass ive) . In the d ia l ects consona nts
a re not affected but h i s p l aced befo re vowe l s :
g niomhach active saorbh riathar a utonomous

CO, U , C , M
th6g se h e l ifted T6gadh e . It w a s l ifted .
nior th6g se h e did not l ift Nior t6gadh e. It was not l ifted .
ar th6g se? did h e l ift? Ar t6gadh e? Was it l ifted ?
g u r th6g se that he lifted . . . g u r t6gadh e . . . . that it was l ifted .
nar th6g se that he did not l ift . . . nar t6gadh e . . . that it was not lifted .
.
g niomhach active saorbhriathar autonomous
co
d'ol se h e d ra n k 61adh e . It was d r u n k .
nior 61 se he did not drink Nior 61adh e . It was n o t d r u n k .
ar 61 se? d i d h e d ri n k ? Ar 61ad h e? Was it d r u n k ?
g u r 61 se that h e d ra n k g u r 61ad h e . that it w a s d ru n k .
nar 61 se that h e d i d n o t d r i n k nar 61ad h e. that it was not d r u n k .
Yet h61adh e . Nior h61ad h . Ar h61ad h ?

. . . g u r/nar h61adh etc. M , C, u .
261
§28 Sna h a i m s i rf a g u s sna m o d h a n n a e i l e i s i o n d u i l g u rb i o n a n n an caoch l u

tosa i g h a l ea n a n n a n g n fo m hach a g u s a n saorbh riath a r sa Chaig h d ea n a g u s
i g C u i g e U l ad h . I g C u i g e M u m h a n a g u s i g C o n n a c h ta i b h i s fei d i r si n a bheith
a m h l a i d h , n 6 is fei d i r g a n sei m h i u (ag u s fi u h roi m h g h uta a bheith a n n ) san
fh o i rm n ea m h s p leach d e n tsao rbh riathar sa m h o d h c h o i n n fo l lach a g u s san
a i m si r g h nathchaite, agus i n d i a i d h ni (i ngach a i m s i r a g u s modh).
CO, U M
bhrisfi wou l d be broken (do) brisfi
bhristi used to be broken (do) bristi
d'61fai wou l d be d ru n k (do) h61fai
d'61tai used to be d r u n k (do) h61tai
ni bh ristear is not b roken ni bristear
§29 crostagai rti agus na caoc h l u ithe tosaigh

Leagtar a n t-i n n eacs (i gco l u n 1 ) amach i n o rd n a h a i bftre sfos frfd , 6 t h u s g o
d e i read h . I g co l u n 5 l u a itea r a n briath a r coi n n i g h 'kee p'(25) l e i s na briat h ra
ceistigh 'q u estio n', c i n ntigh 'certify' srl . de t h a i rb h e g o m ba i n ea n n siad tri u r
l e i s a n 2u rei m n i u chaol a g u s g o m be i d h i d i r fh o i rc i n n (-iod h , -eoi d h , -eod h srl .)
a g u s chaoc h l u ithe tosa i g h (c- , ch-, gc-) a r aon dul l e c h e i l e .
Deantar seo d o t h ro m l a c h m h 6 r na gcasa n n a ach n forbh fhei d i r clof l e i s a n

c h o i n b h i n s i u n seo i n g a c h u i l e c h a s , a g u s tugad h t u s aite d o c h rosta g a i rt d o
b h riat h a r a m bead h na fo i rc i n n m a r a n gcea n n a i gcasa n n a mar:
eiseachaid 'extrad ite'

crostogairt s i u i l d e thai rbhe g o l eath naftea r an gas n u a i r a thaitea r fo i rcea n n
a g u s g u r eiseachadann 'extra d ites', eiseachadfa i d h 'wi l l extra d ite',
d'eiseachadfadh 'wo u l d
extra d i te' srl . ata a n n , a r a o n d u l l e s i u i l 'wa l k' (93) a c h siulann 'wa l ks', s i u lfai d h
'wi l l wa l k', s h i u lfad h 'wo u l d wa l k' srl .
ath phleigh 'red iscuss'

crostagairt leigh ' read' (66) de thai rbhe g o m be i d h na fo i rc i n n mar ath phleann
' rediscu sses', ath phleifi d h 'wi l l red i scu ss', d 'ath phleifeadh 'wo u l d red i s c u ss' srl . ,
a r aon d u l l e lea n n , leifidh a g u s leifead h .
§30 I gcasa n n a briat h ra d a r tus g uta ( n 6 f- , seac has fl-) a bhfu i l c rosta g a i rt d o
bh riat h a r d a r tus consa i n a g d u l l e o , m o l ta r d o n fhog h l a m e o i r na caoc h l u ithe
tosa i g h a c h i n nt i u i dta b l a briat h a i r a th osafo n n l e g uta (n6 f-) - c u i m h n ftea r
fosta go m b e i d h na caoc h l u ithe ( . i . d', h n6 n-) m a r a n gcea n n a do gach cea n n de
na c u i g g utaf (a , e , i , o , u).
262
G U I D E TO T H E VERBS A N D TO T H E I N DEX
j28 In the oth e r tenses and moods the m utati o n s a re the same fo r the active and
a u to n o m o u s fo rms of the verb i n the Sta n d a rd a n d i n U l ster I ri s h . In Con naught
a n d M u nster t h i s may be the case, orh can be placed befo re a vowe l (and
consona nts u na s p i rated) i n the i n dependent fo rm of the a u t o n o m o u s i n the
c o n d i t i o n a l and i m pe rfect, a n d after ni (a l l moods a n d tenses):
CO, U M
bhrisfi wou l d be b roken (do) brisfi
bhristi used to be b roken (do) bristi
d'61fai wou l d be d r u n k (do) h61fai
d'61tai used to be d r u n k (do) h61tai
ni bhristear i s not broken ni bristear
j29 cross-referencing and i n itial m utations

Co l u m n i of the i ndex i s laid out a l p h a betical ly. In co l u m n s the verbs ceistigh
'q u estio n', c i n ntigh 'certify' etc . a re referred to coin n i g h 'keep' (25) as all t h ree
verbs b e l o n g to the 2nd conj u gation s l e n d e r w h i c h means that both the s uffixes
(-iod h , -eoid h , -eod h etc . ) and the i n itial m utatio n s (c- , ch-, gc-) wi l l be
identica l .
Th is i s d o n e fo r th e vast m aj o rity of cases but t h i s convention c o u l d not be

fo l l owed t h ro u g hout and priority had to g iven to verbs whose suffixes wo u l d
h ave been the s a m e , as i n the fo l lowi n g :
eiseachaid 'extrad ite'

cross-reference s i u i l as the stem i s broa d e n ed when a suffix is a d d ed , hence
eiseachad a n n 'extradites', eiseachadfaidh 'wi l l extradite', d 'eiseachadfadh
'wo u l d extrad ite' etc . , s i m i l a r to s i u i l (93)'wa l k', yet siulann 'wa l ks', siulfaidh 'wi l l
wal k', s h i u lfad h 'wo u l d wal k' etc .
ath phleigh 'red iscu ss'

cross-reference leigh 'read ' (66) as the suffixes, such as ath phleann 'red iscu sses',
ath phleifidh 'wi l l red i scu ss', d'ath phleifeadh 'wo u l d red icsu ss' etc . , a re
i n d entical to lea n n , leifidh a n d leifea d h .
j30 I n the cases o f verbs beg i n n i ng i n a vowe l (o r f- , except n-l w h i c h a re c ross

refe rred to a verb w h i c h beg i n s with a consonant, the learner s h o u l d check the
i n itial m utat i o n s i n the ta ble of a verb beg i n n i n g with a vowel (o r f-) - it s h o u l d
a l s o b e re m e m be red t h at the m utatio n s fo r vowe l s w i l l be the s a m e fo r a l l five
vowe l s (a , e, i , o , u ) .
263
TRE O I R DON B H RIATHAR AG U S DON I N N EACS
§31 I gcas briat h ra d a r tus h-. 1-. n-. r- . sc-. sm-. sp- a g u s st- deantar c rostagai rti
do b h riat h ra a bhfu i l na fo i rci n n chea n n a acu a g u s a bhfu i l an t u s l i t i r acu nach
n-ath raitea r d e b h a rr caoc h l a i t h e . m . s h . las ' l i g ht' (65) m a r m h u n l a ag briath ra
as an 1 u rei m n i u l eathan a thosaio n n le r- (reab 'tea r'. rost 'roast' s rl . ) . N i b h io n n
a o n chaoc h l u a c h o i read i gcas na ndornan briat h ra a thosaio n n l e v - n 6 x- .
I g c a s p-. m o l ta r d o n fhog h l a i meoi r na fo i rc i n n a l e a n sta n 6 n c h rosta g a i rt ( m . s h .
na fo i rc i n n do ceannaigh ' b uy' 21 i gcas a n b h riath a i r plodaigh 'th ro n g ') a c h n a
caoc h l u ithe tosa i g h a c h i n ntiu 6n b h riathar pos ' m a rry' (82) .
§32 na caoch l u ithe tosaigh don chopa i l

T a d ifriocht i d i r na caoc h l u ithe tosa i g h a b h io n n i gceist d o g h nat h b h riath ra
a g u s d o n c h o pa i l (is. 13) . C u i rea n n ni se i m h i u a r g h nath b h riath ra ach ni b h io n n
aon athru a r c h o n s a n i n d i a i d h ni na copa i l e . Cu i rea n n an a g u s nach u ru a r
g h nath b h riath ra ach n i b h io n n aon a t h r u i n a n d i a i d h sa c h o pa i l :
an chopail
n i0/n ih N i bad e . I t i s not a boat.
an° An bad e? I s it a boat?
g u r0 Deir se gur bad e . He says that it is a boat.
nach0 Deir se n a c h bad e. H e says that it is not a boat.
gnathbhriathra
n i•mh ni bb.risean n does not break
a n urU an mbrisean n se? does (it) break?
90uru Deir se go mbrisean n se. H e says that he brea k s .
n a ch ur u Deir se nach mbrisean n se. H e says t h a t he does not brea k .
§33 briathra a bhfu i l nios mo na rei m n i u a m ha i n a c u

Ta rlaio n n . a n o i s a g u s a ris . g o m bio n n l e a g a n a c h a m a l a rtacha ag briathra .
S n a casa n na sea deanta r ta g a i rt d'eo c h a i r b h riat h ra d ifri u l a :
clampaigh cla mp ... c l a m paithe cea n n a i g h

/c l a m pa i l ... /c l a m pa i lte /paca i l
§34 m ionsamplai de bh riathra nach bhfu i l rei m n i u iomlan c u rtha a r fa i l

doibh
Ta m i o n a i c m i d e b h riat h ra nach rei m n itea r i n a n-io m l a i n e . ach s n a casa n n a
s e a c u i rtear leaganacha d e n chaite. d e n l a i t h reach a g u s d e n fhai sti neach a r
fa i l s a n i n neacs . T h i g l e i s a n l e i t h e o i r na fo i rmeacha d e n c h o i n n fo l l a c h . d e n
g h nathcha ite (ag u s de na m o d h a n n a e i l e) a sholatha r 6 l i osta na bhfo i rcea n n
ata a r fa i l a r l eath anach 247. m s h . :
264
G U I D E TO TH E VERBS AN D TO TH E I N D EX
f31 In the case of verbs beg i n n i n g with h-, 1-, n-, r- . sc-, sm-, sp- a n d st- these
are c ross-referred to verbs whose suffixes a re i d entical and whose i n itial
consona nts a re n ever m utated , e . g . las ' l i g ht' (65) a l so serves as a model fo r the
1 s t conj u gati o n b road fo r a verb beg i n n i n g i n r- (re ab 'tea r , r6st ' roast' etc . ) . In the
'
case of the few verbs beg i n n i n g i n v-o r x- n o m utat i o n s occur. In the case of p-,
it is reco m m e n d ed that the learn e r fo l low the suffixes fro m the c ross-reference
(e . g . ceannaigh 'buy' 21 , i n the case of the verb plodaigh 'th ro n g ') but verifi es the
i n itial m utat i o n s fro m the verb p6s 'ma rry' (82) .
f32 the i nitial m utations for the copula

There i s a d iffe rence between the i n itial m utat i o n s fo r o rd i n a ry verbs a n d the
copula (is, 13). N i a s p i rates o rd i n a ry verbs but consona nts a re not c h a n g e d
fo l l owi n g ni o f the co p u l a . A n a n d n a c h ecl i pse o rd i n a ry verbs but t h e re i s n o
c h a n g e fo r the copu l a :
the copula
ni"/nih N i bad e . It i s not a boat.
an" An bad e? I s it a boat?
g u r" Deir se g u r bad e . He says that it i s a boat.
nach" D e i r s e nach bad e . He says that it i s not a boat.
ordinary verbs
niasp. ni b.!J.risean n does not b reak
an ec l . an mbrisean n se? does (it) brea k?
go ec l . Deir se go mbrisean n se. H e says that h e b rea k s .
nach•c l . Deir se nach mbrisean n se. H e says t h a t h e d o e s n o t b rea k .
f33 verbs with more than one conjugation

It h a p p e n s , fro m t i m e to t i m e , that verbs have va riant for m s . In s u c h cases .
references a re p rovided to a d i fferent key verb fo r each va riant:
clampaigh clamp ... c l a m paithe cea n n a i g h

/cl a m pa i l ... /cl a m pa i lte /paca i l
f34 m i n o rity verbs for which a fu l l parad i g m has not been provided
Some c l asses of ve rbs, s m a l l in n u m ber, a re not conj u g ated in fu l l , but in s u c h
cases fo rms o f the past, p resent a n d fut u re a re p rovided . The rea d e r can s u p p l y
the cond itio n a l , i m pe rfect (a n d other fo rms) by consulti n g the suffixes l i sted o n
page 247, e . g .
265
TRE O I R DON B H RIATHAR AGUS DON I N N EACS
gas/freamh Bear/a aimsir chaite aimsir laithreach

ad ha in kindle d 'adhain adhnann
aimsir fhaisteanach ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr.

adh nfaidh adhaint adhainte
Is briat h ra c o i m rithe ata i gceist a nseo ach a m h a i n go g c u i rtea r fo i rcea n n a n

c h ead rei m n ithe l e o . S e o s a m p l a f e i l e :
adhair'adore . wors h i p' (adhrann). athadhain ' reki n d le' (athadhnann). damhain
'ta m e , s u bd u e' (damhnann). dfoghail 'aven g e' (dfoghlann). dionghaibh 'wa rd off '
(diongbhann) . imdheaghail 'd efe n d ' (imdheaghlann). ion nail 'was h , bathe' (ionlann).
sleabhac d roo p , fade' (sleabhcann), spadhar 'en rage' (spadh rann). tog hail 'sack,
'
destroy' (toghlann). torchair 'fa l l , l ay l ow' (torchra n n ) .
S a m p l a f cao l a :
fu ighill 'utter, p ro n o u n ce' (fuigh/eann). imdheighil 'd isti n g u i sh' (imdheighlea n n ) .
saig h id ' i n cite, p rovoke' (saighdeann). tafainn 'ba rk' (taifneann) .
Ta roi n nt sa m p laf e i l e a n n nach g c o i m rftea r a c h a g c u i rtea r fo i rc i n n a n d a ra

rei m n i u leo: lorg 'search fo r' (lorgafonn) , suraic 'suck (down)' (suraicfonn) a g u s
gogail 'g o b b l e , cackle' - a leath naftea r (gogalafonn) .
-
J35 briathra a bhfu i l gasanna an-fhada acu

N ua i r a b h fo n n gas a n-fhada ag briath a r g i o rraftea r san i n neacs e sa d 6 i g h i s g o
b hfa nfa i d h se tao b h isti g h d e n c h o l u n . m . s h . craobhscaoil ' b roadcast':
gas ainm briathartha aid. bhriathartha briathar goo/ta

craobhscaoil broadcast craobhscaoileadh craobhscaoilte cuir
266
G U I D E TO T H E VERBS AN D TO TH E I N DEX
stem/root E ng l is h past tense present tense

adhain kindle d'adhain adhnann
future tense verbal noun verbal adjective

adhnfaidh adhaint adhai nte
These verbs a re synco pated verbs except that suffixes fo r the i st conj u g ation a re
added . F u rther exa m ples i nc l u d e :
adhair'adore , wors h i p' (adhrann), athadhain 're k i n d le' (athadh nann) , damhain
'ta m e , su bd u e' (damhnann) , dioghail 'ave n g e' (dioghlann), diong haibh 'wa rd off '
(diongbhann) , imdheaghail 'defe n d ' (imdheaghlann), ion nail 'was h , bathe' (ion lann),
sleabhac 'd roo p , fade' (slea bhcann), spadha r ' e n ra g e' (spadhrann), tog hail 'sack,
destroy' (toghlann), torcha i r 'fa l l , lay low' (torchra n n ) .
Exa m p l es o f s l e n d e r verbs:
fuighill 'utter, p ro n o u n ce' (fuighleann), imdheighil 'd isti n g u i s h ' (imdheighleann),
saighid 'i ncite, p rovoke' (saighdeann), tafainn 'ba rk' (taifnea n n ) .
A few exa m p les occ u r of verbs w h i c h a re not synco pated a n d w h i c h have seco n d
conj u gation suffixes: lorg 'search fo r' (lorgaionn) , suraic ' s u c k (down)' (suraicionn)
and gogail 'g o b b l e , cackle' - w h i c h is b roadened - (gogalaion n ) .
J35 verbs with l o n g stems

When a verb has a n exceed i n g ly long stem it may be s h o rtened i n the i n d ex to
m a i n ta i n co l u m n width , e . g . craobhscaoil ' b roadca st':
stem verbal noun verbal adjective verb type

craobhscaoil broadcast craobhscaoilead h craobhscaoilte cuir
267
I N N EACS/I N D EX
gas/treamh searla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
abai r i rreg. say ra riiite 1

abhraigh fester abhru a b h raithe 6
achainigh entreat achainf achainithe 38
achair beseech achairt achartha 80
achoimrigh summarize achoimriU achoimrithe 38
achomharc appeal a c h o m h a rc achomharctha 4
achtaigh enact, decree achtU achtaithe 6
achta i l actualize achta i l achtclilte 81
aclaigh limber,nex aclU aclaithe 6
adamhaigh atomize adamhu adamhaithe 6
adhain kindle adhaint a d h a i nte lch 264 / 7
adhair adore, worship a d h ra d h a d hartha l c h 264 / 7
adhaltra n a i g h adulterate adhaltra n u adha ltranaithe 6
adharcail horn, gore adharcail a d h a rcai lte 81
a d hfhuathai g h dread, abhor adhfhuathu adhfhuathaithe 6
adhlaic bury a d h lacadh a d h lactha 93
adhmhill destroy utterly a d h m h i lleadh a d h m h i l lte 77
adhmhol extol, eulogize a d h m holadh a d h m holta 78
a d h n ii i r i g h disgrace a d h n .3. i r i U a d h n i3 i rithe 38
admhaigh admit admhail a d m haithe 6
aera i g h aerate aerU aeraithe 6
aera i l aerate aer.3 i l aera i l te 81
aeroiri U n a i g h air-condition aeroi r i U n U aero i r i U n a ithe 6
agaigh space out agu agaithe 6
agaill interview agallamh a g a i l lte 93
agair plead, entreat a g a i rt agartha 61
aghloit deface aghlot a g h loite 108 + 78
ag6id protest ag6id ag6idte 77
aibhligh scintillate aibhliu a i b h l ithe 38
aibhligh magnify aibhliu a i b h l ithe 38
aibhsigh = taibhsi9h aibhsiU a i bhsithe 38
aibigh ripen, mature aibiU a i bithe 38
aicea n n a i g h accentuate aicea n n U aiceannaithe 6
aicmigh classify aicmiU aicmithe 38
a i fi r rebuke aifirt a ifea rtha 59
aigead a i g h acidify aigeadu aigeadaithe 6
aighnigh submit aighniU a i g h n ithe 38
ailinigh align ailiniU ailinithe 38
ailleidigh allude ai11eidiU a i l leidithe 38
allligh beautify ci i l l i U a i l l ithe 38
ailsigh cancerate ailsiU a i lsithe 38
a i ltea r n a i g h alternate a i l tearnU a i l tearnaithe 6
aimpligh amplify aimpliU a i m p l ithe 38
aimridigh sterilize aimridiU a i m ridithe 38
aimsigh a i m , locate aimsiU a i msithe 38
a i nea1 anneal a i nealadh a i n ea t ta 78
ainic protect anacal anaicthe 77
ainimhigh disfigure ainimhiU a i n i m hithe 38
ainligh guide ainliU a i n l ithe 38
ainmnigh name ainmniU a i n m n ithe 38
air plough ar a i rthe 78 + 93
a i rbhearta i g h purportjur. a i rbheartU a i rbhea rta ithe 6
a i reachasa i g h watch over a i reachasU a i reachasaithe 6
a i rgeada i g h electroplate a i rgeadU a i rgeadaithe 6
a i ri g h perceive a i reachtci i l a i rithe 38
airigh count, reckon ci i rea m h ci i rithe 38
airithigh ensure ci i r i t h i U ci i rithithe 38
a i s b h reat h n a i g h look back a i s b h reat h n u a i s b h reath naithe 6
aisc seek, preen a iscea d h aiscthe 77
aischei m n i g h regress aischei m n i U aischeimnithe 38
aischuir restore aischur a i s c h u rtha 77 + 28
aiseirigh rise again aiseirf a i seirithe 38
a i sfh u a i m n i g h reverberate a i sfh u a i m n i U a i sfh u a i m nithe 38
aisghabh retake, recover aisghabhail aisg hafa 78
aisghair abragate, repeal a i s g h a i rm a i s g h a i rthe 77
aisghniomhaigh retract aisghnfomhU a i s g h n fomhaithe 6
aisig restore, vomit a i seag a i seagtha 78 + 93
a i s foe repay, refund a isioc a isioctha 78
aisiompaigh reverse aisiompU a i s i o m paithe 6
aisleasa i g h lease back a i sleasU a isleasaithe 6
aisleim recoil aisleim aisleimthe 77
aisling see i n dream aisling a i s l i ngthe 77
268
gas/freamh eearla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
i :t l s tarra i n g withdraw a i starra i n g t aistarra i n gthe 77

lstrigh move, translate aistriU aistrithe 38
a l t heasc address (court) aitheasc aitheasctha 93
nlthin recognize aithint aitheanta 2
a l t 11 i s i g h slur. defame aithisiU aithisithe 38
aithris recite aithris aith riste 3
Mtigh occupy aitiU aitithe 38
M t righ inhabit i3itriU aitrithe 38
allasaigh sweat (metal) al lasU al lasaithe 6
a l l mh a i r i g h import allmhairiU a l l m h a i rithe 38
alp devour a l pa d h al ptha 78
, It articulate alt a l ta 5
altaigh give thanks altu a l ta ithe 6
a l t ra m a i g h faster altra m U altramaithe 6
a m hare look am ha re a m harctha 4
am hastra i g h bark a m hastrach a m hastraithe 6
a m hastri3 i l
amplaigh be greedy far amplu amplaithe 6
a n a i llsigh analyze anailfsiU a n a i l fsithe 38
analaigh breathe anaiu analaithe 6
anbhainnigh enfeeble anbhainniU a n b h a i n n ithe 38
a n l uchtaigh overload a n l uchtU a n l uchtaithe 6
a n n cl i l record annaladh a n n .3.lta 81
ansmachta i g h bully ansmachtU ansmachtaithe 6
aoirigh sheperd, herd aoireacht aoireachta 38
aol whitewash aoladh aolta 78
aoldathai g h whitewash aoldathu aoldathaithe 6
aom attract aomadh aomtha 78
aonra i g h isolate aonrU aonraithe 6
aonta i g h agree. unite aontU aontaithe 6
aor satirize aorad h , aor aortha 78
aosa i g h (come of) age aosU aosaithe 6
aothaigh pass crisis aothU aothaithe 6
Arac h a i g h insure arachU .3.rachaithe 6
ard a i g h raise, ascend ardU ardaithe 6
arg destroy, pi/age a rg a i n argtha 78
arg 6 i n argue a rg 6 i n t arg6i nte 93
armc1il arm armail armailte 81
arm6naigh harmonize arm6nU arm6naithe 6
arsa i g h grow old .3.rsU .3.rsalthe 6
Msa i g h tell a rsai arsaithe 6
asaitigh dislodge asaitiU asaltithe 38
asanalaigh exhale asa n a 1 u asanalaithe 6
asbheir deduce asbheirt asbhei rte 77
ascain proceed, go to ascnamh ascnaithe 61
asca l a i g h oscillate asca t U ascalaithe 6
aslaigh induce aslach aslaithe 6
aslonnaigh evacuate aslonnU aslonnaithe 6
astaigh emit astU astalthe 6
asuigh absorb, aspirate asU asUite 16
at swell at ata 5
a t a i rg reproduce at.3. i rgeadh ata i rgthe 77
ataispeain reappear ataispeaint ataispeanta 1 00 + 2
a t arla i g h recur atarl U atarlaithe 6
� tarra i n g attract atarra i n g t atarraingthe 1 04 + 2
a t atha i g h reweld, coalesce atarh u ataite 6
a t eigh reheat atea m h ateite 66 + 2
a t ei l g recast ateilgean ateilgthe 77
a t hachta i g h re-enact athachtu athachtaithe 6
at hadhain rekindle athad haint ath a d h a i nte lch 264 / 7
L 1 t hadhlaic reinter athadhlacadh atha d h l actna 93 + 4
a t haimsigh rediscover atha i m s i U athaimsithe 38
t ha i n m n i g h rename atha i n m n i U ath a i n m nithe 38
at haitigh reoccupy ath.3.itiU ath.3.itithe 38
Jt hallmhairigh reimport ath a l 1 m ha i r i U atha l l m h a i rithe 38
l l l l1aonta i g h reunite athaontU athaontaithe 6
I J t harm.3. i l rearm atharmi3il atharmi3ilte 81
t h bheoigh revive athbheochan athbheochanta 45
a t h bhreith n i g h review, revise ath b h reit h n i u athbhreithnithe 38
aL hbhris break again athbhriseadh athbh riste 77 + 1 5
at h b h u a i l beat again athbhualadh ath b h u a i lte 77
at hbhunaigh re-establish ath b h u n u ath b h u naithe 6
l l l hchas turn again athchasadh athchasta 78 + 1 9
l l l hct1ea n g a i l refasten athcheangal athchea n g a i lte 80 + 20
269
gas/freamh eearla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathargaolta
athchea n n a i g h repurchase athcheannach athcheannaithe 6 + 21

reappoint athcheapadh athcheaptha 78
athchearta i g h revise, re-amend athcheartO athcheartaithe 6
athcheistigh re-examine athcheistiO athcheistithe 38
ath c h l a m p a i g h rec/amp athc h l a m p u ath c h l a m paithe 6
ath c h l 6 i g h reprint athc h l 6 athchl6ite 33
athch l u d a i g h re-cover ath c h l udach athch l u d a ithe 6
ath c h n u c h a i r refoot ath c h n uchairt ath c h n u c h a rtha 61
athchog a i n ruminate athchogaint athchoga nta 61
athch6ipeail recopy athch6ipeail athch6ipeai lte 81
athch6irigh rearrange ath c h 6 i r i 0 athch6irithe 38
ath c h o m h a i r re-count ath c h o m h a i rea m h athchomhairthe 77
ath c h o m h a i rl i g h dissuade ath c h o m h a i r l i O athchomhairlithe 38
athchorpra i g h re-incorporate athchorprO athchorpraithe 6
athchraol retransmit athchraoladh athchraolta 78
athchrua i g h reharden athchruachan athchruaite 26
athc h r u i g h rem ilk athchrU athchrO ite 1 6 + 78
athchru i n n i g h reassemble athchru i n n i O ath c h ru i n n ithe 38
athchrut h a i g h reshape athchruthU athchruthaithe 6
athch u i r replant, remand ath c h u r athchurtha 77 + 28
ath c h u m reconstruct athc h u m a d h athchumtha 78
ath d h a i l redistribute ath d h a i leadh athdhai lte 77
athdhath a i g h re-dye, repaint athdhathu athdhathaithe 6
athdhean redo, remake athdheanamh athdheanta 78
athdhearbh a i g h re-affirm athdhearbhu athdhearbhaithe 6
athd h e i l b h i g h reshape ath d h e i l b h i u ath d h e i l b h ithe 38
athdhei m h n i g h reassure ath d h ei m h n i u ath d h e i m h n ithe 38
athdheisigh remand, reset ath d h e i s i O athdheisithe 38
athdhilsigh revest ath d h i l s i u athdhilsithe 38
athdhiol resell ath d h iol ath d h iolta 78 + 31
athd h io n re-roof athdhionadh athdhio nta 78 + 31
ath d h u i s i g h reawake ath d h O iseacht ath d h O isithe 38
atheagra i g h rearrange, edit atheagru atheagraithe 6
athfirigh rise again athfirf athfirithe 38
atheisigh reissue atheisi O i n t atheisithe 38
atheist rehear atheisteacht athfiste 39
athfh a g h a i r retemper metal athfh a g h a i rt athfh a g h a rtha 61
athfh e i d h m i g h refunction athfhei d h m i u athfhe i d h m ithe 38
athfheistig h recloth, fi t athfheistiu athfheistithe 38
athfh i l l recur, refold athfh i l leadh athfh i l lte 77 + 47
athfh o i l s i g h republish athfh o i l s i O athfhoilsithe 38
athfhosta i g h re-employ athfhostu athfhosta ithe 6
athfh u a i m n i g h resound athfh u a i m n i U athfh u a i m n ithe 38
athghabh retake, recover athghabhail athg hafa 78
athghair recall, repeal athghairm athghairthe 77
athgheara i g h resharpen athghfarU athghfaraithe 6
athgheill resubmit athgheil leadh ath g h e i l lte 77 + 53
ath g h i n regenerate athg h i n i U i nt ath g h i nte 77
ath g h l a n rec/eon athghlanadh ath g h l a nta 78 + 54
ath g h l a o i g h recall athgh laoch ath g h l aoite 45
athgh leas refit athg h leasadh ath g h l easta 78
athghn6th a i g h regain athghn6thu athghn6thaithe 6
athghoin rewound ath g h o i n athghonta 77
athghor reheat athghoradh athghortha 78
a t h g h rea m a i g h refasten ath g h reamu ath g h reamaithe 6
a t h g h riosa i g h rekindle a t h g h riosu ath g h riosa ithe 6
a t h g h r6ig refoot turf ath g h r6igeadh a t h g h r6igthe 77
athghrupail regroup ath g h r u p a i l athghrupai lte 81
ath i m i r replay ath i m i rt athi meartha 59
ath i n i s retell ath i n s i n t /-inse ath i n ste 60
ath i o m p a i g h turn back ath i o m p U athiompaithe 6
athiontra ; 1 re-enter athiontrail athiontra i lte 81
athlas relight, inpome athlasadh athlasta 78
athleag re-loy athleagan athleagtha 78
athlea i g h remelt athlea athleaite 7
athleasa i g h reamend athleasU athleasaithe 6
athleigh reread athleamh athlfite 66 + 78
ath leirigh revive athleiriU athlfirithe 38
athlineail reline athlfnea i l athHneailte 81
ath l ion refill athlionadh athlfonta 78
athl iosta i l re-enlist athl iostai l ath l i osta i lte 81
athluaigh reiterate ath l u a ath l u aite fuai g h
athluchta i g h reload, recharge ath l u chtu ath l uchtaithe 6
athmhaisigh redecorate ath m ha i s i U athmhaisithe 38
270
gas/frl!amh eearla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
ath m h u n l a i g h remould ath m h U n l U ath m h U n laithe

ath m hUscail reawake athmhUscailt ath m h Uscai lte 80, 74
athnasc rec/asp athnascadh athnasctha 78
athnearta i g h reinforce athneartU athneartaithe 6
ath n u a i g h renew ath nuachan ath n u a ite fua i g h
athon n m h a i r i g h re-export athon n m h a i ri U ath o n n m h a irithe 38
athord a i g h re-order athordu athordaithe 6
athosca i l reopen athosca i l t athoscai lte Bo
athphei nte.3 i l repaint athphei nte.3 i l athphei ntea i lte 81
ath p h l a n d a i l replant ath p h l a n d a i l ath p h l a n d a i lte 81
ath p h l e i g h rediscuss ath p h l e ath p h l eite 66 + 78
athph6s remarry athph6sadh athph6sta 78 + 43
ath p h reab rebound ath p h reabadh athphreabtha 78
athphriontail reprint athph riont.3 i l athph riont.3ilte 81
athra i g h change athrU athraithe 6
athraon refract athraon a d h athraonta 78
athreoi g h regelote ath reo athreoite 45
athriar readminister athriar athriartha 78
athrfgh dethrone athri ath rithe 22
athro i n n reapportion athro i n n t athro i n nte 77 + 84
athr6 m h a i r redig athr6 m h a r athr6mhartha 61
athscag refllter athscaga d h athscagtha 78
athsc i n n recoil athsc i n neadh athscin nte 77
athscriobh rewrite athscrlobh athscrlofa 78 + 88
athscrU d a i g h re-examine athscrUd U athscrUdaithe 6
athsh a m h l a i g h imagine afresh athsham h / u athsha m h laithe 6
athshaothra i g h recultivate athshaothrU athshaothraithe 6
athsheachaid replevy, relay athsheachadadh athsheachadta 93 + 78
athsheol readdress athsheoladh athsheolta 78
ath s h l a n a i g h rehabilitate athsh l a n u athshlanaithe 6
athshluaistrigh res hovel ath s h l u a i striU ath s h l u a istrithe 38
athsh n a i d h m reknot a . s h n a i d h meadh ath s h n a i d h mthe 77
athshocra i g h rearrange athshocrU athshocraithe 6
athsholathra i g h replenish athshol.3thar athsholathraithe 6
athshon resonate athshonadh athshonta 78
athshuaith remix/shufne athshua itheadh athshuaite 18
aths h u i g h reabsorb athshu athshu ite 1 6 + 78
athspreag reincite athspreagadh athspreagtha 78
athspre i g h respread athspre athspreite 66 + 78
athst6ra i g h re-store ath st6rU athst6raithe 6
atfolaic rebestow atiolacadh atiolactha 93 + 78
ation6il reconvene ation61 ation6lta 93 + 78
a tit relapse atitim atite 39 + 1 08
at6g rebuild, retake at6g a i l at6gtha 78
atogh re-elect ato g h a d h atofa 78
atosa i g h recommence atosU atosaithe 6 + 11 0
atr.3cht retread atrachtadh atr.3chta 111 + 78
atreabh replough atrea bhadh atreafa 78
atria i i retry atria i i atriailte 77
babhlail bowl babhlail babhlai lte 81
babhta i l exhange, swop babhta i l babhta i l te 81
bac hinder bacad h bactha 14
baca i l bake bacail bacailte 81
bac h l a i g h bud bac h l u bachlaithe 10
badr.3 i l bother bad rai l badrai lte 81
baga i r threaten bagairt bagartha 20
baghcatil i l boycott baghcata i l baghcatailte 81
baice.3 i l bock baicec1 i l baicec1 i l te 81
baig bog, heap baigead h baigthe 15
baigh drown ba b&ite 7
bailc pour down balcann balctha 93
bailigh gather, collect bailiU bailithe 8
bain cut, take, win baint bai nte 9
baist baptize, name baisteadh baiste 108
baistigh rain b.3isteach b.3istithe 8
ba l b h a i g h silence balbhu balbhaithe 10
ballasta i g h ballast ballastu bal lastaithe 10
b a l l b hasc maim ball bhascadh ball bhasctha 14
balsamaigh embalm balsam LI balsamaithe 10
bftnaigh desert, whiten bc1nU banaithe 10
banca i l bank bancail banccli lte 81
ba n n a i g h boil bannU banna ithe 10
baoitecli l bait baoitecl i l baoite.3 i l te 81
bartinta i g h warrant barantU barantaithe 10
271
gas/freamh searla ainm briathartha aid iacht bhr. briathar gaolta
barr1 top barra d h barrtha 14

ba rr2 hinder barra d h barrtha 14
barrchaolaigh taper barrc h a o l u barrchaolaithe 10
barrd h 6 i g h singe ba rrd h6 barrd h6ite 33
barriompaigh turn about barrio m p U barriompalthe 10
barrloisc singe barrloscadh barrloiscthe 15
barU i l think barU i l barulta 93
basa i g h die basu basaithe 10
base bash basca d h basctha 14
baslaigh baste beat basl u baslaithe 10
batai l pole bata i l batailte 81
batra i l batter batra i 1 batra i lte 81
beachta i g h correct beach tu beachtaithe 10
beaga i g h diminish bea g u beagaithe 10
bea l a i g h grease bealu bea laithe 10
bea l ra i g h (spread) gossip bealru bealraithe 10
bea n g a i g h graft bea n g u beangaithe 10
beannaigh bless bea n n U beannaithe 10
bearn a i g h breach bearnU bearnaithe 10
bearr clip, trim, cut bearra d h bearrtha 14
bearta i g h cast, decide beartU bearta ithe 10
beatha i g h feed, nourish beat h u beathaithe 10
beibheal bevel beibhealadh beibhealta 14
beic yell, shout beiceadh beicthe 15
u ag beicfi g h
beir bear, carry breith beirthe ,,
beirigh boil beiriU beirithe 8
beoghearr vivisect beoghearradh beoghearrtha 14
beog h o i n wound beog h o i n beoghonta 93 cf g o i n
beoigh animate beochan beoite 45
beophian tantalize beoph ianadh beophianta 14
bi be bheith 12
biatha i g h feed biathu biathaithe 10
biog chirp bioga d h biogtha 14
bior-r6st spit roast bior-r6sta d h bior-r6sta 14
biora i g h sharpen biorU bioraithe 10
b i otu m a n a i g h bituminize biotU m a n U biotUmanaithe 10
b is i g h improve bisiU bisithe 8
bladair cajole bladar bladartha 20
bladhair shout, bellow bladhradh bladhartha 20
bladhm name, nare up bladhmadh bladhmtha 14
blais taste blaiseadh blaiste 15
blaistigh season (food) blaistiU b l a i stithe 8
blaosc puff. innate blaoscadh b laosctha 14
I1
blaoscrUisc scalp blaoscrUscadh blaoscrUiscthe 15
blasaigh bloom phot. blasu blasaithe 10
blathaigh blossom, bloom blathu blathaithe 10
blath n a i g h beautity, smooth blath n u blathnaithe 10
bleaistea i l bleech bleaistea i l bleaistea i rte 81
bligh milk blf bl ite 76
bloca i l block blocail blocailte 81
blogh shatter bloghadh blog hta 14
blosc crack, explode bloscadh b losctha 14
bobail bob, trim bobail bobai lte 81
boca i l toss boca i t boccl i lte 81
bochta i g h impoverish bochtu bochtaithe 10
bocscli l box bocsclil bocsa i l te 81
bod h a i r deafen bodhradh bod h a rtha 20
bod h ra i g h deafen bodhru bodhraithe 10
bog move bogadh bogtha 14
bogaigead a i g h acidulate bogaigead u bogaigeadaithe 10
boilscigh bulge, innate boilsciU boilscithe 8
bolaigh smell, scent bolu bolaithe 10
bolca i n i g h vulcanize bolca i n i U bolccl i nithe 8
bolg bulge bolgadh bolgtha 14
bolta i l bolt bolta i l bolta i l te 81
bolta n a i g h smell, scent bolta n u boltanaithe 10
bombard a i g h bombard bombardu bombardaithe 10
bonnaigh walk, trot bonnU bonnaithe 10
borba i g h get angry borbu borbaithe 10
bord a i l board bord a i l bord a i lte 81
borr swell, increase borra d h borrtha 14
braca i l harrow brac a i l braca i lte 81
brada i g h steal, pilfer brad u bradaithe 10
272
gas/treamh eearla ainm briathartha aid iacht bhr. briathar gaolta
bra i c h malt brachadh bra c h ta 93

braigeAil brag braigeail b raigeAilte 81
braith feel, perceive bra th braite 18
b ra n d a i l brand bra n d a i l b ra n d a i l te 81
bra.sa i l embrace bra.sa i l brasailte 81
breab bribe brea badh breabtha 14
brea bhsaigh perk up brea bhsu brea bhsaithe 10
breac speckle breacadh breactha 14
breada i g h braid brfa d U brfadaithe 10
breag cajole, coax breagadh breagtha 14
breag n a i g h contradict brea g n U breagnaithe 10
br€an pollute, putrify breanadh breanta 14
breathaigh beautify breath Li bre.1thaithe 10
breath n a i g h look, observe breath n u breathnaithe 10
breid potch breideadh breidte 15
breis i g h increase, add to breis i U breisithe 8
breit h n i g h adjudge breit h n i U breith n ithe 8
br€itsec1 i l breach, vomit br€itsec1 i l br€itsec1 i lte 81
breoi g h sicken, enfeeble breo breoite 45
breosl a i g h fuel breos1 0 breoslaithe 10
briog prick, provoke briogadh briogtha 14
brionnaigh forge brionnU brionnaithe 10
briosca i g h crisp brioscU brioscaithe 10
bris break brisead h briste 15
broc mess up broca d h broctha 14
b roic (le) tolerate broiceadh broicthe 15
broicea d a i g h brocade broiceadU broiceadaithe 10
bro id prod, nudge broideadh b roidte 15
b r6 i d n i g h embroider br6 i d n i 0 br6 i d n ithe 8
bro i m fart bromadh bromtha 93
br6itsec1i l broach br6itse.1 i l br6itsec1 i lte 81
br6n 9reive br6nadh br6nta 14
b ro n n , pronn U grant, bestow bro n n a d h bronnta 14
brosta i g h hasten, ur9e brostU brosta ithe 10
brUcht belch, burp bruchtadh bruchta lll
bru i d i g h brutalize brU i d i U bruidithe 8
bniigh press brU brUite 16
brufon fight, quarrel brufon bruionta 14
brUisc crush, crunch bruscadh brU iscthe 15
bruise.3 i l brush bruiseAil bruise.3ilte 81
bruith bail bruith bruite 18
bruith n i g h smelt bruith n i O bruithnithe 8
buac lixiviate buacadh buactha 14
buaigh win buachan buaite 26
buail hit. beat, strike bualadh buai lte 15
buain reap buain buai nte 93
bualr wieve, vex b u a i reamh buartha 15
bualta i g h smear dung o n bualtu bua ltaithe 10
buamAil bomb b u a m .3 i l buamAi lte 81
buanaigh perpetuate buanU buanaithe 10
buclail buckle buclail buclai lte 81
buidealaigh bottle buid€alU buidealaithe 10
buigh yellow, tan b u iochan b u ite 22
buinnigh shoot up, gush buinniU b u i n n ithe 8
b u iochasa i g h thank b u iochasU bufochasaithe 10
bUir bellow, roar b U i reach b U i rthe 15
b u i sead budget bu iseadadh b u i seadta 14
bunaigh establish bunU b u n a ithe 10
b u rd a i l beat, trounce b u rd a i l b u rd a i lte 81
burlail bundle burlail burlai lte 81
cab.3il out-ar9ue cab.3il cab.3ilte 81
cabhair help cabhradh cabhartha 24
cabhra i g h help cabhrU cabhraithe 21
cablaigh cable cablu cablaithe 21
cac shit, excrete cac cactha 19
ca ca i i caulk c.3c.3 i l c.3c.3 i l te · 81
cad h a i l coil, pile ca i d h leadh c a i d h i lte 102
caibe.1 i l 'kib', dibble caibe.1il caibe.3ilte 81
caidealaigh pump out caidfa l U caid€alaithe 21
caidrigh befriend caidriU caidrithe 25
caig h weep, lament caf caite 22
caighde.3naigh standardise caighde.3nU caighdeanaithe 21
cailcigh calcify cailciO cailcithe 25
cailcfn i g h calcine cailcfn i li cailcinithe 25
273
11 gas/freamh
stem/root
cailg
eearla
English
bite, sting
ainm briathartha
verbal noun
cailgeadh
aidiacht bhr.
verbal adjective
cailgthe
briathargaolta
verb type
17
cailigh qualify ccii l i U cailithe 25
caill lose cailleadh cail lte 17
ca.in fine, condemn caineadh cainte 17
cain niochta i g h quantify c a i nniochtU cain niochtaithe 21
c ci i n s i g h scold c ci i n s i U cainsithe 25
caintigh speak, address caintiU caintithe 25
caipitligh capitalize caipitl i U caipitlithe 25
cairea l a i g h quarry caireal U cairea laithe 21
cai rtfhosta i g h charter cai rtfhostU cai rtfhosta ithe 21
caisligh castle (chess) caisl i U caislithe 25
caisnigh frizz, curl caisn i O caisnithe 25
caith wear, spend, throw caitheamh caite 18
cciith winnow, spray caitheadh cilite 18
caith i g h belittle, revile cciith i U cciithithe 25
caithreci i l tong le caithreilil caithrecli lte 81
caithrE? i m i g h triumph caithre i m i U caithre i m ithe 25
caithrigh reach puberty eaithriU eaithrithe 25
eaitieeasm a i g h catechize eaitieeasm U eaitieeasmaithe 21
calabra i g h calibrate calabrU calabraithe 21
calaigh berth ea I LI ealaithe 21
cale caulk, cake calcadh calctha 19
calmaigh strengthen ealmU ealmaithe 21
cam bend, distort camad h camtha 19
camhraigh become tainted camhrU c a m h raithe 21
campail comp campail c a m p a i lte 81
can sing, chant canadh canta 19
ca n a i l cane c a n cl i l cancli lte 81
canalaigh canalize canal LI eancllaithe 21
eanera i g h vex. annoy eanerU cancralthe 21
eannaigh con cannU canna ithe 21
can6naigh canonize can6nU can6naithe 21
cantil i l grab, devour eantclil eantililte 81
eaoeh dau/e, wink caochadh caoehta 19
caochfhaith i m i g h slip-hem c.fhclith i m i U c.fhaithimithe 25
caoin cry, keen, caoineadh caoi nte 28
caoith i g h suit caoithiU caoithithe 25
caolaigh slenderize eaolU eaolaithe ,,
cao m h n a i g h preserve cao m h n U caomh:iaithe 21
car love cartha i n earth a 19
carada i g h befriend earadU caradaithe 21
carb6 1 a i g h carbolize earb61U earb61aithe 21
carb6 n a i g h carbonize carb6n U carb6naithe 21
carbra i g h carbuerate carbrO carbraithe 21
earera i g h incarerate carcrU earcraithe 21
eard il i l card, discuss card il i l eard cl i lte 81
earn heop, pile carnadh earntha 19
cart tan, clear out carta d h ca rta 111
cas twist, wind casadh casta 19
casa i g h deplore casu casaithe 21
easel i i encase, case ca.sail cascli l te 81
casaoid complain casaoid casaoidte 28
casiompa i g h retrograde casiompU casiompaithe 21
easm h U n l a i g h spin cas m h U n l U easm h U n l a ithe 21
cata l a i g h catalyze cata l U catala ithe 21
cath a i g h bottle, tempt cathO cathaithe 21
ceadaigh permit, allow ceadU ceadaithe 21
cfadcheap invent. rough-hew ceadcheapadh ceadcheaptha 19
ceadfa i g h sense ceadfu ceadfaithe 21
cead u n a i g h license cead U n U cead Unaithe 21
cea l a i g h cancel cealU cealaithe 21
cealg beguile, lull cealgadh cealgtha 19
ceangail tie, bind cea ngal ceangai lte 20
ceannaigh buy ceannach ceannaithe 21
eea n n a i g h identify efa n n U ceannaithe 21
cea n n e h o g a i n nibble, gnow ceannchogaint cea n n e h oga nta 20
cea nsaigh appease, control ceansU ceansaithe 21
ceantilil auction ceantilil ceantclilte 81
ceap invent, think cea padh ceaptha 19
cea rna i g h square cearnU cearnaithe 21
eearta i g h correct eeartU eeartaithe 21
ceas crucify, torment ceasadh ceasta 19
cea s l a i g h paddle (boot) ceaslU ceaslaithe 21
eeasnaigh complain eeasnU ceasnaithe 21
274
gas;treamh searla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
ceil hide, conceal ceilt cei lte 28

cei l i U i r warble, sin9, celebrate cei l i Uradh cei l i U rtha 93
ceimnigh step, graduate cei m n i U c e i m n ithe 25
ceirtleail wind into ball ceirtleail ceirtleailte 81
ceis grumble ceasacht ceiste 28
ceistigh question ceistiU ceistithe 25
ciallaigh mean, si9nify ciallU ciallaithe 21
ciap harass. annoy ciapadh ciaptha 19
ciar wax ciaradh ciartha 81
cicea i l kick cicea i l ciceailte 81
cigil tickle cigilt c i g i lte 1 02
cimigh make captive cimiU cimithe 25
cin sprin9, descend cineadh ci nte 28
c i n each devolvejur cineachadh c i n eachta 19
cinn decide, decree cinneadh c i n nte 28
cinn step, surpass cinneadh c i n nte 28
cinnir lead b y the head c i n n i reacht c i n neartha 59 + 102
cinntigh make certain cinntiU c i n ntithe 25
ciondail ration ciondall ciondai lte 81
cionro i n n apportion c i o n roi n n t c i o n ro i n nte 28
cionta i g h blame, accuse ciontU ciontaithe 21
cior comb, examine ciora d h ciortha 19
ciorc l a i g h (en)circle ciorc l U ciorclaithe 21
ciorlail comb, rumma9e ciorla i l ciorlai lte 81
ciorra i g h cut, hack, maim ciorrU ciorraithe 21
ciosa i g h (pay) rent (for) ciosU ciosa ithe 21
cis stand on, restrain ciseadh ciste 28
cistigh encyst cistiU cistithe 25
ciUail queue ciUail c i U a i lte 81
c i U ba i g h cube ciUbU c i U baithe 21
ciUnaigh calm, quieten ciUnU c i U naithe 21
clab devour clabadh clabtha lg
clabhtail clout clabhta i l clabhta i l te 81
cladail heap cladail cladai lte 81
clag clack, clatter clagadh clagtha 19
claidh dig claidhe claid hte 28
clam h a i r pull hair/skin off c l a m h a i rt c l a m hartha 20
clampai g h / c l a m p a i l clamp clampu / clampail clam paithe / cla mpai lte 21 / 81
clannaigh procreate, plant clannU c l a nnaithe 21
claochlaigh mutate claoc h l u claochlaithe 21
claon incline, slant claonadh claonta 19
claonmhara i g h mortity claonmharU claonmharaithe 21
claraigh re9estir. enrol claru claraithe 21
clasaigh channel, trench clasU clasaithe 21
clasaigh coax clasU clasaithe 21
clasanaigh gully (soil) clasa n u clasanaithe 21
cleacht practise cleachta d h cleachta lll
cleitigh preen, nedge cleiti U cleitithe 25
cl iath harrow cliathadh cl iata 69
cliceail click cliceail c l i ceailte 81
climir strip milch cow c l i m irt c l i meartha 1 02 + 59
cling clink, tinkle c l i ngeadh c l i ngthe 28
cliomaigh acclimatize e l fom LI c l fomaithe 21
clip prick, tease c l i peadh c l i pthe 28
clis jump, start(le) c l i seadh c l i ste 28
clith copulate c l itheadh el ite 1 8 + 76
cl6bhuail type cl6bhualadh cl6bhuai lte buail + 1 7
cloch stone clochadh clochta 19
clochraigh petrity clochrU clochraithe 21
c / 6-eag ra i g h compose cl6-eagrU cl6-eag ra ith e 21
clog blister clogadh clogtha 19
cl6igh tame cl6 cl6ite 33
cl6igh print cl6 c l 6ite 33
cloigh defeat cloi cloite 22
cloigh cleave, adhere cloi cloite 22
c l 6 i rfn i g h chlorinate cl6irin i U c l 6 i rfnithe 25
clois = cluin hear cloisteclil cloiste 23
cl6scriobh type(write) cl6scrfobh cl6scriofa 19
cloth a i g h praise, extol cloth LI clothaithe 21
cludaigh cover cludach c l u d a ithe 21
cluich chase, harry c l u i cheadh c l u ichte 28
c l u icheail pilfer, steal c l u i cheail c l u icheai lte 81
cluimhrigh pluck, spruce up cluimhriU c l u i m h rithe 25
c l u i n = clois hear c l u i nstean c l u i nte 23
275
gas/freamh searla ainm briathartha aid iacht bhr. briathar gaolta
clumhill slander c l u m h i l leadh c l u m h i l lte 28 + 70

cl uthara i g h shelter cl utharU clutharaithe 21
cn.3daigh smoulder cn.3dU cn.3daithe 21
cnag knock, strike cnagadh cnagtha 19
cnagbheirigh parboil cnagbheiriU c n a g b h e i rithe 25
cnagbhruith parboil cnagbhruith c n a g b h r u ite 18
cnafgh gnaw, corrode cnaf cnaite 22
c n .3 m h a i g h ossify c n .3 m h U cn.3mhaithe 21
c n .3 m h a i r suck c n .3 i m h readh c n .3 m h a rtha 20
c n .3 m h g h o i n wound (to bone) c n .3 m h g h o i n cnamhg h onta 28
cnap heap, knock cnapadh c n a ptha 19
cnead pant, groan cneadach cneadta 19
c n ea i g h wound cnea cne.3 ite 7
cneasa i g h cicatrize, heal cneasU cneasaithe 21
cniog rap, blow, stir cniogadh c n iogtha 19
cn iot.3 i l knit cn iot.3 i l cn iot.3ilte 81
c n u .3 i l lag c n u .3 i l c n u .3 l lte 81
cnuasaigh callect, gather c n uasach cn uasaithe 21
cnuchair raot(turf) c n u c h a i rt c n u c h a rtha 20
cobhsa i g h stabilize cobhsU cobhsaithe 21
coc cock (hay) cocadh coctha 19
coc.3 i l cock, point coc.3 i l coc.3i lte 81
c6car.3 i l cook c6car.3. i 1 c6ca r.3ilte 81
coc h l a i g h enlose. cuddle coc h l U cochlaithe 21
c6d a i g h codil'Y c6dU c6daithe 21
cod a i l sleep codladh codalta 24
cod.3.naigh fractionate cod.3.nU cod.3naithe 21
cod h n a i g h master, control cod h n U codhnaithe 21
cogai n chew, gnaw cogaint coganta 24
cogairsigh marshal cogairsiU cogairsithe 25
coibhsea n a i g h confess coibhseanU coibhseanaithe 21
colce.3.i l gaffer coice.3. i l coice.3.ilte 81
coigearta i g h rectify, adjust coigeartU coigeartaithe 21
coig i l spare, rake fire coigilt c o i g i lte 102
coigistigh confiscate coigistiU c o i g i stithe 25
coiligh tread (cock) coiliU coilithe 25
c o i l fn i g h colonize c o i l in i U coilinithe 25
coill geld, despoil coilleadh coil lte 17
coilltigh afforest coilltiU coil ltithe 25
coime.3.d keep, observe coime.3d coime.3:dta 19
c6ime.3.il assemble c6ime.3.il c6ime.3i lte 81
coim head watch over c o i m head c o i m h eadta 19
c 6 i m h eas compare, collate c6imheas c 6 i m h easta 19
c6imheasc coalesce c6im heascadh c 6 i m h easctha 19
c 6 i m h iota l a i g h alloy c 6 i m h iota 1 U c6i m h i otalaithe 21
coimhth i g h estrange coimhth i U coimhth ithe 25
coi m p i r conceive coim peart coim peartha 102
coimrigh sum up coimriU c o i m rithe 25
c o i n bhearta i g h convert coin bheartU c o i n b heartaithe 21
coinbheirsigh converge coinbheirsiU c o i n b h e i rsithe 25
coincheap conceive coincheapadh coincheaptha 19
coincreiti g h concrete coincreitiU coincreitithe 25
c6inearta i g h confirm c6ineartU c6i neartaithe 21
coinnealbhaigh excommun icate coinnealbh.3. coinnealbh.3.ite
coinnigh keep, maintain coinneail coinnithe 25
coinsc riobh conscript coi nscrfobh coinscriofa 1 9 + 88
coinsfn i g h consign coinsfniU coinsfnithe 25 + 92
coip rerment, rroth coipeadh coipthe 28
c6ipe.3: i l copy c6ipe.3il c6ipe.3i lte 81
c6ipe.3.il cope c6ipe.3 i l c6ipe.3.i lte 81
coir tire, exhaust cor co rt ha 17
coirb corrupt coirbeadh coi rbthe 17
coi rbeal corbel coi rbea ladh coi rbea lta 19
c 6 i re.3.il treat (med.) c6ire.3.il c6ire.3ilte 81
coirigh accuse coiriU coirithe 25
c6irigh repair, arrange c6iriU c6irithe 25
c o i rn i g h tonsure coirniU coirnithe 25
coirtigh tan, coat coirtiU coi rtithe 25
coisc prevent, restrain case coiscthe 28
coisigh walk, go on root coislocht coisithe 25
coisric bless coisreacan coisricthe 17
com.3:i1 tie together com.3:il com.3i lte 81
comard a i g h equate comard U comardalthe 21
comhai l l rulfill, perform comhall comhal lta 93
276
com h a i r count, calculate c o m h a i rea m h comhairthe 24

comhairligh advise, counsel comhairliU comhairlithe 25
c6mhalarta i g h reciprocate c6mhalartU c6mhalartaithe 21
comhaonta i g h unite, agree comhaontU comhaontaithe 21
comhard a i g h equalise. balance comhardU comhardaithe 21
comharthai g h signify, designate comharthU comharthaithe 21
comhathra i g h vary comhathrU comhathraithe 21
com h b h a i l i g h aggregate com h b h a i l i u c o m h b h a i l ithe 25 + 8
comh bhearta i g h concert comhbheartU comhbheartaithe 21
comhbhruigh compress comhbhru comhbh ruite 16
comhbhuail strike in unison comhbhualadh c o m h b h u a i lte 28
comhchea n g a i l bind.join comhcheangal comhcheangai lte 20
comhchlaon converge comhchlaonadh comhch laonta 19
comhchoirigh recriminate comhchoiriU comhchoi rithe 25
comhchru i n n i g h assemble comhchru i n n i U comhchru i n n ithe 25
comhch u i n g i g h conjugate (biol.) comhch u i n g i U comhch u i n g ithe 25
comhdaigh file comhdu comhdaithe 21
comhdhean make up comhdheanamh comhd hea nta 19
comhdhearbhaigh corroborate comhdhearbhu c . d hearbhaithe 21
comhdhluthaigh press, compact com h d h l ut h u com h d h l uthaithe 21
comhei g n i g h coerce comheig n i U comheignithe 25
comhfhad a i g h justify (typ. J comhfhadU comhfhadaithe 21
comhfhclisc compress comhfhascadh comhfhcliscthe 28
com hfhorta i g h console comhfhortU comhfhortaithe 21
comhfhreaga i r correspond com hfhrea g a i rt comhfhreagartha 20
comhghaolaigh correlate comhghaolU comhghaolaithe 21
comhghlasail interlock c o m h g h l a s cl i l comhgh lascli lte 81
c o m h g h leas tune in c o m h g h leasadh c o m h g h l easta 19
c o m h g h rea m a i g h cohere com h g h reamU c . g h reamaithe 21
com h g h rfosa i g h incite, agitate com h g h rfosU c . g h rfosa ithe 21
comhlanaigh complete c o m h l cl n U comhlclnaithe 21
comhleaigh fuse (metall.J comhlea c o m h l eclite
comhlfnigh collimate comhliniU comhlinithe 25
c o m h l fo n fulfill comhlfonadh comhlfonta 19
comhoibrigh co-operate comhoibriU comhoi brithe 25
comhoiri U n a i g h harmonize comhoiri U n U comhoiriUnaithe 21
comhord a i g h co-ordinate comhord U comhordaithe 21
comhord a n a i d i g h co-ordinate comhord a n cl i d i U c . orda nclidithe 25
comhra i c encounter comhrac comhra i cthe 28/25
comhreitigh cam promise c o m h reiteach c o m h reitithe 25
comhrialaigh regulate comhrialU comhrialaithe 21
comhrianaigh contour comhrianU comhrianaithe 21
comhsha m h l a i g h assimilate comhsh a m h l u c . s h a m h laithe 21
comhshinigh countersign comhshfn i U comhshfnithe 25
comhshnaidhm intertwine c . s h n a i d h meadh c . s h n a i d hmthe 28
comhsh6igh convert comhsh6 comhsh6ite 33
comhsh u i g h compound comhshul comhshu ite 97
com hthacai g h corroborate comhthacU comhthacaithe 21
comhtharl a i g h coincide comhtharlU comhtharlaithe 21
comhtharra i n g p u l l in unison comhtharra i n g t c.tharra i ngthe 104
comhthath a i g h coalesce comhthathu comhthathaithe 21
comhth iomsa i g h associate comhthiomsU comhthiomsaithe 21
comhthit coincide comhthitim comhth ite 108
comhth i U i n tune comhth i u na d h comhth i U nta 93
comhthogh co-opt comhthoghadh comhthofa 19
com6ir convene com6radh com6rtha 93
comth a i g h associate comthU comthaithe 21
c6naigh dwell, reside c6naf c6naithe 21
conclil perish, freeze concl.il concli lte 81
c6naisc connect c6nascadh c6nasctha 28
conc l u i d i g h conclude concl U i d i U concl U i d ithe 25
conducht conduct c o n d u chta d h conduchta lll
conlaigh glean, gather con l U conlaithe 21
connaigh accustom c o n n LI connaithe 21
conraigh contract conrU conraithe 21
consa i g h miss consU consaithe 21
consp6id argue, dispute consp6id consp6idte 28
construcl i l construe constru a i l construcli lte 81
c ar tum cora d h cortha 19
corb corrupt, deprave corbadh corbtha 19
orca i l cork corccli l corccJ ilte 81
corcra i g h (die) purple corcrU corcraithe 21
corda i g h cord cord LI cordaithe 21
corn roll, coil cornadh corntha 19
277
cor6 n a i g h crown cor6 n U cor6naithe 21

corpra i g h incorporate corprU corpraithe 21
corraca i g h coo corracU corraca ithe 21
corra i g h move. stir corr LI corraithe 21
cosa i n defend, cost cosa i n t cosanta 24
coscai r cut up, thaw coscai rt coscartha 24
costcl i l cost costcl i l costcl i l te 81
c6stcl i l coast c6stcli l c6stcl i lte 81
cos U l a i g h liken cos U I U cosUlaithe 21
coth a i g h feed, sustain coth U cothaithe 21
cothro m a i g h level, equalize coth rom U cothromaithe 21
crag chelate cra g a d h era g t ha 19
crcl g cl i l claw, paw craga i l crclgcl i lte 81
craicecli l crack craicei3 i l craicecii lte 81
c rcl i g h vex, torment era crclite 7
crcl i n suck craineadh crclinte 28
c ra i n d 6 i g h smoulder crcl i n d 6 cra i n d 6 i te 33
cra m p ci i l cramp crampci i l cra m pcl i lte 81
cra n d a i g h stunt cra n d U crandaithe 21
cranraigh beome knotty cranrU cra n raithe 21
craobhaigh branch, expand c raobhU craobhaithe 21
craobhscaoil broadcast c . scaoileadh craobh scaoi lte 28
era al announce cra o l a d h craolta 19
craosfho l c gargle craosfholcadh craosfho l ctha 19
crap contract, shrink crapadh craptha 19
1
cra p l a i g h fetter, cripple c ra p l U cra p l a ithe 21
creach plunder. raid creac h a d h creachta 19
creachta i g h gash, wound creachtU creachtaithe 21
11
cream cremate crea madh creamtha 19
crean obtain, bestow crea nadh creanta 19
creath tremble creathadh creata 69
creat h n a i g h termble, quake creat h n U creathnaithe 21
i
creid believe crei d i U i n t creidte 28
crei d i U na i g h accredit crei d i U n U crei d i U naithe 21
creim gnaw, corrode crei meadh creimthe 28
crei m n e cl i l tack, baste crei m n e cl i l cre i m necl i l te 81
creimseclil nibble c reimseci i l c reimse.3i lte 81
cre- u m h a i g h bronze cre- u m h U cre-umhaithe 21
criathra i g h sieve, winnow criathrU criathraithe 21
cri n n contend with crinneadh crin nte 28
crfoc h a i g h demarcate crfoch U criochaithe 21
crioc h n a i g h finish, complete crfoc h n U crfochnaithe 21
crfon age, wither crio n a d h crionta 19
criosl a i g h girdle, enclose criosl U crioslaithe 21
criosta l a i g h crsytallize criosta l U criostalaithe 21
crith tremble, shake crith crite 18
crith lonra i g h shimmer crithlonrU crith l o n raithe 21
croch hang c rochadh crochta 19
cr6isecli l crochet cr6ise.3il cr6ise.3ilte 81
croith shake croitheadh croite 18
cram bend cromadh cromtha 19
cr6mchneasaigh chrome-plate c r6mch neasU cr6mchneasaithe 21
cr6 m leasa i g h chrome-tan cr6mleasU cr6 m l easaithe 21
c ro n a i g h /crot h n a i g h U miss cro n U /croth n U cronaithe /crothnaithe 21
cr6 n a i g h tan, darken cr6 n U c r6naithe 21
eras cross, forbid crosadh erasta 19
cros.3 i l cross cros.3i l croscl ilte 81
croscheistigh cross-question croscheistiU croscheistithe 25
crosg h rean cross-hatch crosg h reanadh crosg h reanta 19
crosph6ra i g h cross-breed crosph6rU crosph6raithe 21
cros-siol ra i g h intercross cros-sfol r U cros-sio l raithe 21
cros-toi rc h i g h cross-fertilize cros-to i rc h i U cros-toirchithe 25
cruach stack, pile cruachadh cruachta 19
cruaigh harden cruachan crua ite 26
cruan enamel cruanadh cruanta 19
cruashcidrclil ho rd-solder cruashcldrclil cruashcldrci i lte 81
crubail claw, paw crUb.3il crUbclilte 81
crUcclil hook, clutch crUcclil crUcci i l te 81
crUigh milk crU crU ite 16
crUigh shoe a horse crU crU ite 16
cruinnigh gather, collect cruinniU cruinnithe 27
crUsta i g h pelt crUstU crUstaithe 21
crUstci i l drub, belabour crUstciil crUstci i lte 81
cruth a i g h create, prove cruth U cruthaithe 21
278
gas/freamh searta ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
cuach bundle, wrap cuachadh c u achta 19

c u a i l ecii l coil c u a i l e ci i l cuai le.3ilte 81
cua i l l i g h stud cuai l l i U cuai l l ithe 25
cuar curve cuaradh cuartha 19
cuard a i g h Std search cuardach cuardaithe 21
= cuartaigh U search cuartU cuartaithe 21
cub coop, bend cubadh c u btha 19
cublail juggle cub/ail c u b / a i lte 81
cuibhrigh bind, retter c u i bhriU c u i b h rithe 25
c u ideachta i g h bring together c u i d eachtU c u i d eachtaithe 21
cuidigh associate, help cuidiU c u i d ithe 25
c U i g l e .3 i l cheat, embezzle cuigleail c U i g l eci i lte 81
c u i l eci i l discard, reject c u i l e ci i l c u i l e.3 i lte 81
c u i lte.3 i l quilt c u i lteci i l c u i l tecii lte 81
cuimhnigh remember cuimhniU c u i m h nithe 25
cuimil rub cuimilt c u i m i lte 102
cuimsigh comprehend cuimsiU c u i msithe 25
cuingigh yoke, pair cuingiU c u i n g ithe 25
cuingrigh yoke, pair cuingriU c u i n g rithe 25
c U i n ne.3il corner c U i n n eci i l c U i n necii lte 81
cuir put. sow cur c u rtha 28
cUisigh accuse, char9e cUisiU cU isithe 25
cuisligh now, pipe cuisliU c u i s l ithe 25
cuisnigh refri9erate cuisniU c u i s n ithe 25
cUitigh compensate cU itea m h cU itithe 25
culaigh reverse, retreat cUIU cUlaithe 21
culail back c U l c3 i l c U l ci i lte 81
cUlcheadaigh connive c U l cheadU c U l cheadaithe 21
culchl6igh perfect (typ.) cUlchl6 c U l c h l 6ite 33
c U leist eaves-drop c U l e i steacht c U l e i ste 39
culghair revoke cUlghairm c u l g h a i rthe 28
c U l g hearr back-bite c u l g hearra d h c u l g hearrtha 19
cUl iompaigh turn back cUliompU c U l i o m paithe 21
cUlsleamhnaigh backslide cUlsleamhnU c U l s l e a m h n a ithe 21
cU ltort bock-fire cU ltorta d h c U l torta 111
cum compose cumadh cu mtha 19
cumaisc mix, blend cu mascadh c u m a iscthe 93
cumasaigh enable cumasU cu masaithe 21
c u m hachta i g h empower c u m hachtU c u m hachtaithe 21
cumhdaigh cover, protect c u m hdach c u m hdaithe 21
c u m h ra i g h perfume c u m h rU c u m h raithe 21
cumhsanaigh rest, repose cumhsanU c u m hsanaithe 21
c u m hsca i g h move, sttr cumhscU c u m hscaithe 21
cUnaigh help cUnamh cU naithe 21
c U n a ntai g h covenant cUnantU cU nantaithe 21
cUngaigh narrow cUngU c U n g a ithe 21
cu ntais count cu ntas cunta i ste 93
cuplail couple, unite cuplail c u p l a i lte 81
cur chastise, scour9e c u ra d h c U rtha 19
c U rsa i g h reprimand c U rs U c U rsaithe 21
c U rsa i l cruise, course cUrsciil c U rs.3 i l te 81
dai1 allot, bestow dai1 d alta 34
daingnigh rortif"y daingniU d a i n g n ithe 32
dall blind, darken dalladh d a l lta 31
d a l l ra i g h blind, dazzle dallru d a l l raithe 29
damasca i g h damascene damascU da mascaithe 29
dam bci i l dam d a m b ci i l dam bc3 i lte 81
damh concede, allow d c3 m hachtain data 31
damhain tame, subdue damhnadh d a m h a i nte l c h 264 / 7
damhnaigh materialize damhnU d a m h naithe 29
damhsaigh dance damhsu d a m h saithe 29
damnaigh damn damnU damnaithe 29
danaigh 9ive, bestow danu d.3naithe 29
daoirsigh raise price daoirsiU daoirsithe 32
daonnaigh humanize daonnU daonnaithe 29
daor enslave, condemn daora d h daortha 31
daorbhasc maul severely daorbhascadh daorbhasctha 31
data i g h ; data i l date datu ; data i i data i t h e ; data i lte 29/81
dath allocate dathadh daite 69
datha igh colour dathu daite 29
deacha i g h decimate deachu deachaithe 29
deacha i r differentiate deachrU deachraithe 24
deachta i g h dictate, indite deachtu deachtaithe 29
deac h u l a i g h decimilize deach U I U deac h U laithe 29
279
!I gas/treamh
stem/root
eearla
English
ainm briathartha
verbal noun
aidiacht bhr.
verbal adjective
briathar gaolta
verb type
deadail dare deadladh deadlaithe 24

deaduchta i g h deduce deaduchtu deaduchtaithe 29
dealag a i d i g h delegate dealag a i d i u dealagaidithe 32
dealaigh part, differentiate dealu dealaithe 29
dealbhaigh impoverish deal b h u dealbhaithe 29
dealbhaigh sculpt, fashion deal b h u dealbhaithe 29
dealra i g h shine, illuminate dealramh dealraithe 29
dean do, make deanamh deanta 30
deann colour. paint deannadh dean nta 31
dear design, draw deara d h dearth a 31
dear renounce dearadh dearth a 31
dearb h a i g h confirm dearbhu dearbhaithe 29
dearbh a i l test, check dearbhail dearb h a i l te 81
dearbhasc affirm dearbhascadh dearbhasctha 31
d ea rc look dearcadh d earctha 31
dearg redden, light deargadh d eargtha 31
dearlaic grant, bestow dearlacadh dearlaicthe 93
dearmad forget dearmad dearmadta 31
dearnail darn dearnail dearnailte 81
dear6 i l i g h debase dear6 i l i U dear6 i l ithe 32
dearsc n a i g h excel, transcend dearscn U dearscnaithe 29
deasa i g h dress, prepare deasCr deasaithe 29
d easc precipitate deascadh deasctha 31
deata i g h smoke deatu deataithe 29
deifnid i g h define deifnid i u deifnidithe 32
deifrigh hurry, hasten deifriu deifrithe 32
deighil separate deighilt d e i g h ilte 102
deil turn on lathe deileadh dei lte 34
deilbhigh frome, fashion deilbhiu d e i l b h ithe 32
dei1eai1 deal deileail deileiii lte 81
d e i m h neasc aver (jur) d e i m h neascad h d e i m h neasctha 31
deimhnigh certify, assure d e i m h n i lr d e i m h n ithe 32
deisigh mend, repair deisiU deisithe 32
deoch immerse, cover deoc h a d h d eochta 31
deona i g h grant deonU deonaithe 29
dero i n n bisect dero i n n t dero i n nte 34 + 84
d i-a d h l a i c disinter, exhume d i-adhlacadh d i-a d h lactha 93
d f-a g a i r non-suit (jur) d i-agairt d i-agartha 24
d f-armc3 i l disarm d i-armail d f-armc3ilte 81
d i-ea g l a i s i g h secularize d i-ea g l a i s l U d i-eag laisithe 32
d f-ocsafd i g h deaxidize d f-ocsaid i U d i-ocsafdithe 32
d i-ocsa i g i n i g h deoxygenate d i-ocsa i g i n i U d f-ocsa i g i n ithe 32
d i-o i g h r i g h de-ice d i-o i g h r i u d i-o i g h rithe 32
d i-sh a i n o i d h r i g h disentail d i-shai n o i d h r i U d i-s h a i n o i d h rithe 32
diagaigh deify diagu d iagaithe 29
diailigh dial diailiU d i a i l ithe 32
dial I incline, decline dialladh d i a l lta 31
diamhaslaigh blaspheme diamhaslu d i a m haslaithe 29
d i a m h ra i g h darken, obscure d i a m h rU d i a m h raithe 29
d ia n a i g h intensify dianU dianaithe 29
d ianscaoil decompose d i a n scaoileadh d i a nscaoilte 34
diansir importune d i a n s i readh d i a n s i rthe 34
d iasra i g h glean d iasrU diasraithe 29
dibh dismiss dibheadh dife 34
dibharra i g h disbarr dibharru dfbha rraithe 29
d i bheirsigh diverge d i b h e i rs i U d i b h e i rsithe 32
dibholaigh deodorize dibholu d ibholaithe 29
dibholg deflate dibholgadh d ibholgtha 31
dibhunaigh disestablish dibh u n u dfbhunaithe 29
dibir banish, exile dibirt d ibeartha 102
dibligh debilitate dibliu diblithe 32
dichai l i g h disqualify dicha i l i u dichailithe 32
dicharb6n a i g h decarbonize d icharb6nU dfcharb6naithe 29
dichea d a i g h disallow dicheadu dicheadaithe 29
d ichea n g a i l untie, detach dicheangal dicheangailte 20
dfchea n n behead dichea n n a d h dfchean nta 31
/ d ichea n n a i g h behead / dichea n n u / dicheannaithe /29
dicheil conceal, secrete dicheilt dichei lte 34
d ic h n a m h a i g h bone, fi l let dich n c3 m h U d fc h n a m haithe 29
dich6da i g h decode dich6du dich6daithe 29
dfch6 i m e c3 i l dismantle dfch6imeail dfch6imec3i lte 81
dfchoisric deconsecrate dichoisreacan dfchoisricthe 34
dicho l l a i g h disembody dichol l u dichollaithe 29
dich6nasc diconnect d ich6nascadh dich6nasctha 31
280
dfchorn unwind dfchornadh d fchornta 31

d fchor6 n a l g h dethrone dfchor6 n U dichor6naithe 29
d fchreid disbelieve dfchrei d i U i n t dichreidte 34
d fc h re i d i U n a i g h discredit dfchre i d i U n U dichrei d i U naithe 29
dfchruth a i g h disprove dfchruthu dfchruthaithe 29
d fc h u i r expel, eject d ic h u r d fc h u rtha 34, 28
dichum deform, distort dfchumadh dfchu mtha 31
didhao i n i g h depopulate dfdhaoi n i U d fdhaoinithe 32
d ffhaisc decompress d ffhasca d h d ffh<iiscthe 34
difheara i g h depasture d ffhearu d ifhea raithe 29
d ffhoraoi s i g h deforest d ffhora o i s i U d ffhoraoisithe 32
dffhosta i g h disemploy d ffhostu d ffhostaithe 29
difrea i 1 differentiate d i frea i l d ifreailte 81
d ifri g h differ. dissent d ifri U d i frithe 32
dighalraigh disinfect dfghalru dfgha l raithe 29
d ig h reamai g h unstick d f g h reamu d i g h reamaithe 29
dfhiodraitigh dehydrate dfhiodra i t i U dihiodraitithe 32
dflaithrigh displace dflaithri U dflaithrithe 32
dflara i g h decentralize dflaru dflaraithe 29
dileaigh dissolve, digest dflea dflea ite 7
dfligh deluge dfliu dflithe 32
dilodail unload dil6dai1 dfl6dai lte 81
dilsigh vest, pledge dflsiU dflsithe 32
diluachail devalue dfluachail dfluachailte 81
diluchtaigh discharge, unload dlluchtU d f l uchtaithe 29
d i m h a i g h neada i g h demagnetize d f m h a i g h neadU dimhaigh 29
dimhignigh condemn dfmhigniU -neadaithe 32
dimhfleata i g h demilitarize dfmh ileatU d f m h i g nithe 29
dimhol dispraise dfmholadh d i m h fleataithe 31 + 73
dimhonaigh demonetize dfmhonU dfm holta 29
dinadura i g h denature dfnadUrU dfmhonaithe 29
din.3 i s i U n a i g h denationalize dina i s i U n U dinaisiUnaithe 29
dinasc disconnect dfnasca d h 31
dinearta i g h enfeeble dfneartU dinasctha 29
ding dint, wedge d i ngeadh dineartaithe 34
ding wedge d i ngeadh d i ngthe 34
d in itri g i n i g h denitrify dfnftri g i n i U d i ngthe 32
diobh extinguish diobhadh d initri g i n ithe 31
dfobhail injure, harm dfobha i l d iofa 81
dfochlaon decline dfoc h l a o n a d h dfobhai lte 31
diogail dock, trim diogail d fochlaonta 81
d iog h a i l avenge, punish d iog h a i l d iog hai lte tch 264 / 7
dfol sell dfol dfolta ]l
d fo l a i m compile, glean d io l a i m diolaimthe 49/34
d io l m h a i g h exempt d io l m h u diolmhaithe 29
d fo l m h a i n i g h free, exempt d io l m h a i n i U diol m h a i n ithe 32
diomail waste, squander diomailt d i o m a i lte 24
dfon protect, shelter dionadh d fonta 31
diongaibh ward off. repel diongbhail d i o n g b h a i lte t c h 264 / 7
d iorth a i g h derive diorthU dforthaithe 29
d iosc disect d ioscadh d iosctha 31
d iosc creak, grate d iosca d h d fosctha 31
d ioscarn a i g h creak, grind d foscarnach d foscarnaithe 29
diosp6id dispute diosp6id dfosp6idte 34
d iota i l indict d iotai l d fotailte 81
d fota i t progress d fotai 1 d fota i lte 81
d iotc h U i s i g h arraign d fotc h U i s i U d fotch U isfthe 32
d ioth a i g h destroy d iot h U dfothaithe 29
d i pea i l dip d i peail d i peailte 81
diphacail unpack diphaca i l diphacailte 81
d ip h o l a ra i g h depolarize dipholaru dipholaraithe 29
d iraon diffract dfraonadh diraonta 31
d iratai g h derate d fratu dirataithe 29
direitigh disarrange dfreitiU dfreitithe 32
direoi g h defrost d freo d freoite 45
d irigh straighten diriU dirithe 32
discaoil unloose, disperse d fscaoileadh d iscaoilte 34
d isc i g h dry up, drain disciU discithe 32
discoir unloose d fscor d iscortha 34
discriobh write off d fscriobh d fscriofa 31 + 88
disha m h l a i g h dissimilate disha m h l u disha m h laithe 29
dishea l b h a i g h dispossess, evict dishea l b h u dishea l bhaithe 29
dishioc defrost dfshioc dish ioctha 31
dishl6g demobilize dishl6gadh dishl6gtha 31
281
gas/freamh eearla ainm briathartha aid iacht bhr. briathar gaolta
dishraith derate dishraitheadh dishraite 18

dishrian decontrol dishrianadh dishria nta 31
disigh pair disiU disithe 32
disl i g h dice disliU dislithe 32
d ispeag despise. belittle dispea g a d h dispeagtha 31
d ithiomsaigh dissociate dithiomsU d ithio msaithe 29
d ithneasa i g h hasten, hurry d ithneasU dith neasaithe 29
dithochra i s unwind d ithoch ras dithochra i ste 34
dithruai l l i g h decontaminate dlthru a i l l i U dithru a i l l ithe 32
diUg drain, suck d i ugadh d i ugtha 31
diu1 suck diu1 d i u lta 31
d i u ltaig h ; di u l t refuse d i u ltu / d i u ltadh d i u ltaithe / d i u lta 2 9 / 111
d i U ra i c cast, project d i U racadh d i U ractha 93
d i u rn a i g h drain, swallow d i u rn U d i u rnaithe 29
/d i u rn/ d i u rnail d i u rnadh/d i u rn a i l d i u rnta/d i u rnaithe / 31 / 81
d i U scair dispose of d i U scairt d i Uscartha 24
dlaoithigh tress (hoir) d laoithiU d laoithithe 32
dligh b e entitled to dli d l ite 76
d l i stea n a i g h legitimate d l istea n U d l i steanaithe 29
dluigh cleave, divide dlui d l u ite 97
d l uthaigh compact d l uthu d l uthaithe 29
dochra i g h harm, prejudice dochrU dochraithe 29
docht tighten, bind dochtadh dochta 111
d6ibea i 1 daub d6ibeai1 d6i beailte 81
doichea l / a i g h b e unwilling doichea l l u doicheallaithe 29
d6igh burn do d6ite 33
doilbh form, fabricate d o i l b headh doi lfe 34
doileirigh darken doileiriU d o i l e i rithe 32
doimhnigh obscure doimhniU d o i m h nithe 32
doir bull dor dortha 34
d o i rt spill. pour doi rtea d h d o i rte 108
dol loop, net doladh do I ta 31
domhea n m n a i g h dispirit d o m h ea n m n U domheanmnaithe 29
donaigh aggravate d o n LI donaithe 29
donnaigh brown, tan donnU donnaithe 29
dopa ii dope dopa i i d6pai lte 81
dorc h a i g h darken dorchU dorchaithe 29
do rd hum, buzz d ordad h d o rd ta 31
dorna i l fist, box dornail dornai lte 81
d raenail (dig) drain d raenail d raenai lte 81
d ra m a i g h dramatize dramu d ramaithe 29
dramhail trample dramhailt d ra m h a i lte 24
d ra n n grin, snarl drannadh d ra n nta 31
d ranta i g h snarl, growl d rantU d rantaithe 29
draoibea i l besplatter d raolbeail d raoibea i l te 81
d reach make up d reachadh d reachta 31
d reachta i g h dra� d reachtU d reachtaithe 29
d reap climb d reapadh d reaptha 31
d reasa i g h incite, urge o n d reasU d reasa ithe 29
d reidea i l dredge d reideail d reideailte 81
d re i m climb, ascend d re i m d reimthe 34
d reoigh decompose d reo d reoite 45
d riog distil driogadh d riogtha 31
d rith l i g h sparkle, glitter d rith l i u drithl ithe 32
d ro i m scriobh endorse d ro i m scriobh d roimscriofa 31 + 88
drugail drug drugail d rug.3.i lte 81
druid close, shut d r u i d i m (drud) d ru idte 34
d r u i l ea i l drill druileail d r u i l e .3. l lte 81
duaithnigh obscure duaithniU d u a i t h n ithe 32
dual twine, braid dua/adh d u a lta 31
d u ba i l double d u ba i l t d u b a i lte 24
dubhaigh blacken, darken dUchan d u bhaithe 29
dublail second distil dublail d u blailte 81
duilligh foliate duilliU d u i l l ithe 32
d U isigh (a)wake, arouse d U iseacht d U isithe 35
dulaigh desire dulu d u laithe 29
d U loisc char d u loscadh d U l o i scthe 34
dumhal blackmail d u mhaladh d u m hi\ l ta 31
d u m p .3 i l dump d u m p.3. i l d u m pc3. i lte 81
dUn close, shut dunadh d U nta 36
d U n mhara i g h murder d U n m harU d U n m haraithe 29 + 68
d u rd a i l coo d u rd a i l d u rd a i lte 81
d u stail dust d u st.3.il d u stailte 81
eachtra i g h set forth eachtrU eachtra ithe 37
282
gas/frt!amh searla ainm briathartha aid iacht bhr. briathar gaol ta
eachtra i g h relate. narrate eachtraf eachtraithe 37

eada i g h clothe eadli eadaithe 37
eada rbhuasa i g h nutter, soar eadarb h u a s U eadarbhuasaithe 37
ead l uthaigh rorefy ead l u t h u eadluthaithe 37
ead6irsigh naturalize ead6irsiU ead6irsithe 38
eadra n a i g h arbitrate eadra n u eadranaithe 37
eadro m a i g h lighten eadromU eadromaithe 37
eaduchta i g h educe eaduchtU eaduchtaithe 37
eag die (out) eag/eagadh ea gt ha 78
eagaoi n moan, lament eagaoineadh eagaoi nte 77
eag l a i g h fear eag l u eaglaithe 37
eag n a i g h 9row wise eagnU eagnaithe 37
eagnaigh complain eagnach eagnaithe 37
eag6i righ ; eag6ir wrong eag6iriU / eag6ireadh eag6irithe / eag6 i rthe 3 8 / 77
eagothro m a i g h unbalance eagothro m U eagothromaithe 37
eagraig h organize eag rU eagraithe 37
eag s u l a i g h diversify eag s U I U eagsUlaithe 37
eagumasa i g h incapicitate eagumasU eagu masaithe 37
eal a i g h escape, elude ealU ealaithe 37
ea m h n a i g h double, sprout eamhnU eamhnaithe 37
ea n g a i g h notch, indent ea n g U eangaithe 37
ear refuse eara d h eartha 78
earb (en)trust earbadh earbtha 78
earca i g h recruit earcU earca ithe 37
earrachaigh vernalize earrachU earrachaithe 37
easaitig h displace easa itiU easaitithe 38
easa n a l a i g h exhale easa n a i u easa nalaithe 37
easaontai g h disagree easaontU easaontaithe 37
easb h r u i g h thrust out easbhrU easbhrUite 16
easca i g h facilitate ease LI eascaithe 37
easca i n i g h curse, swear easca i n f easca i nithe 38
easca i r spring, sprout eascairt eascartha 61
eascoitea n n a i g h ostracize eascoitea n n U eascoitea n naithe 37
eas l a n a i g h become sick easlcl n U easlclnaithe 37
easm a i l reproach, abuse easma i l t easmai lte 93
eason6ra i g h dishonour eason6rU eason6raithe 37
easp6rtcl i l export easp6rtcl i l easp6rtcli lte 81
easra i g h litter, strew easrU easraithe 37
eibligh emulsify eibliU e i b l ithe 38
eidigh dress, clothe eidiU e i d ithe 38
eigh cry out, scream eamh eite 66
e i g ionta i g h acquit, absolve eigiontU e i g iontaithe 37
eignigh compel, violate eigniU eignithe 38
eiligh claim, complain eileamh e i l ithe 38
eilligh corrupt, defile eilliU e i l l ithe 38
eimigh refuse, deny eimiU eimithe 38
einirtigh enfeeble e i n i rtiU e i n i rtithe 38
eirigh rise e i ri e i rithe 38
eirnigh dispense e i r n i li eirnithe 38
eis exist eiseadh e i ste 77
eisc excise e i sceadh e iscthe 77
eiscrigh form ridges eiscriU e i scrithe 38
eiscrlobh escribe e i scrfobh e i scrfofa 78 + 88
eiseachaid extradite eiseachadadh e i seachadta 93
eisea m l ii i r i g h exemplify eisea m l a i r i U eisea m l ii i rithe 38
eiseat escheat eiseata d h e iseata 5
eisfhear excrete eisfheara d h e i sfheartha 78
eisiacht eject eisiachta i n eisiachta 5
eisiaigh exclude eisiamh eisiata 26
eisigh issue eisiUint eisithe 38
eisil now out eisileadh eisi lte 77
eisleath effuse eisleathadh eisleata 69
eislig egest e i s l i g ea n eisligthe 77
eispeirigh experience eispeiriU eispeirithe 38
eisreachta i g h proscribe, ban eisreachtU e isreachtaithe 37
eisreid h disperse eisrea d h ei sreite 66
ei srei m n i g h diverge eisrei m n i U elsrel m n ithe 38
eist listen t?isteacht eiste 39
e i steara i g h esterify eistearU eistearaithe 37
eistreat estreat e i streata d h eistreata 5
eitigh refuse eiteach eitithe 38
eitil ny eitilt eitilte 59
eitrigh furrow, groove eitriU eitrithe 38
eitseai l etch eitseai l eitseclilte 81
283
gas/treamh eear1a ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
fa b h ra i g h develop, form fa bhru fa b h raithe 46

fa bhraigh favour fa bhru fa b h raithe 46
facht6 i r i g h factorize facht6iriU facht6irithe so
fad a i g h kindle fad u fadaithe 46
fad a i g h lengthen fad u fadaithe 46
fad h b h spoil, strip fad h b h a d h faofa 43
fag leave fagai1 fagtha 40
fag h a i r fire, incite fag h a i rt fag hartha Sl
fa ich i l l be careful o f fa i c h i l l fa i c h i l lte 47
fa igh get fa i l fa ig hte 41
fa i l l i g h neglect, omit fai l l i u fa i l l ithe so
fai l p whip, strike fa i l peadh fa i l pthe 47
ra i l t i g h rejoice, welcome f.l i l t i U fai ltithe so
ta i n n i g h ring, encircle fa i n n i U fa i n nithe so
fa i r watch, wake fa i re fa i rthe 47
f.li r roost fai rea d h ta i rthe 47
fai rs i n g i g h widen, extend fai rsi n g i li fa lrsingithe so
f.l isc wring, squeeze fascad h f.l iscthe 47
faisneis recount, inquire fa isneis fa isneiste 47
f.listi n i g h prophesy f.l isti n i li taistinithe so
fa l a i g h fence, enclose wu falaithe 46
fa l l a i n g i g h drape fa l l a i n g i u fal la i n g i t h e so
fa lsaigh falsify fa l s u fa lsaithe 46
fan wait, stay fa nacht fanta 42
fa n a i g h disperse fa n u fa naithe 46
fa n n a i g h weaken fa n n li fa nnaithe 46
faobhra i g h sharpen, whet faobhru faobhraithe 46
faoi l e a i l wheel, spin faoi l ea i l faoile.li lte 81
faoisc shell, parboil faoiscea d h faoiscthe 47
faomh accept, agree to fao m h a d h faofa 43
faon / faonaigh loy rot fao nad h / fa o n u faonta / faonaithe 43 / 4 6
fas grow fas tasta 43
fasa i g h lay watse, empty fasu f.lsaithe 46
fathmheas diagnose fathmheas fathmheasta 43
feabhsa i g h improve fea bhsu fea bhsaithe 46
feac bend feac feactha 43
feach look, try feachaint teach ta 43
fead be oble ta feadachtail feadta 43
fea g a n a i g h chase, hunt fea g a n u feaganaithe 46
feai g h fathom fea feaite 7
fea l l betray fea l l a d h fea l lta 43
fea l l m h a ra i g h assassinate fea l l m haru fea l l m h a raithe 46 + 68
fea m n a i g h apply seaweed fea m n U fea mnaithe 46
fean n skin, ray fea n n a d h fea nnta 43
fear pour, grant fea rad h feartha 43
fearasta i g h equip, furnish fearastU fearasta ithe 46
fea rg a i g h anger, irritate fea rg li fea rgaithe 46
feastai g h feast feastU feastaithe 46
feic see feisci n t /feiceait u feicthe 44
fei c h i li n a i g h debit fei c h i li n li fei c h i U naithe 46
feid h l i g h endure fei d h l i u fei d h l ithe so
fei d h m i g h function, oct fei d h m i u feid h mithe so
fei g h i l watch, tend fei g h i l feig h i lte S9
fei l suit fei t i li i n t fei lte 47
fei ltigh felt fei l t i li fei ltithe so
fei n p h a i l n i g h self-polinate tei n p h a i l n i U fei n p h a i l n ithe so
fei r house (carp.) fei read h fei rthe 47
feistigh adjust, moor feistili feistithe so
feith observe, wait feitheamh feite 47 + 1 8
feithigh calm, smooth fei t h i u feithithe so
feochra i g h become angry feochru feoc h raithe 46
feo i g h wither feo feoite 45
fiach hunt, chase fiach fiachta 43
fiafra i g h ask, inquire fiafrai fiafraithe 46
fi a l a i g h veil, screen fi a l u fialaithe 46
fi a n a i g h attest, testify fi a n u fianaithe 46
fi a r slant, veer fi a ra d h fiartha 43
fi g h weave fi fite 76
fi l l = pi l l U return, turn up filleadh, pilleadh u fi l lte, pillte U 47
fi l leadaigh fillet fi l l e a d u fi l leadaithe 46
fine.li l fine fine.l i l fine.li lte 81
fin i g h decay ffn i li ffnithe so
fi o n n whiten fi o n n a d h fion nta 43
fi o n n ascertain fi o n n a d h fion nta 43
284
fi o n n uara i g h cool, freshen ti o n n u a rU fi o n n uaraithe 46

fionraigh wait, suspend ti o n rai fi o n raithe 46
ffora i g h (lgure, outline fforU fforaithe 46
ffora i g h verify fforU ffora ithe 46
fiord h e i m h n i g h authenticate fford h e i m h n i U fford h e i m h n ithe so
fiosaigh know fiosU fiosaithe 46
fiosra i g h investigate fiosrU fiosraithe 46
ffri n n i g h justify ffri n n i U ffri n n ithe so
fithisigh orbit fi t h i s i U fithisithe so
fi uch boil fi uchadh fi u chta 43
fiead haigh feast, carouse fiead h u fieadhaithe 46
fi ipea i l trounce fiipeail flfpea i l te 81
fliuch wet fliuchadh fl i uchta 48
flosc excite fiosca d h fiosctha 48
fi u a i rid i g h rouridate fl u a i rfdiU fl uairfdithe 48 + S O
fl U i rsigh make abundant fl U i r s i U fl U i rsithe 48 + so
fo-eag ra i g h sub-edit fo-eagru fo-eagraithe 46
fo-g h l a c subsume fo-g hlacadh fo-g h lactha 43
fo-ord a i g h subordinate fo-ord U fo-ordaithe 46 + 79
fo-ra n g a i g h subclassify fo-ra n g U fo-rangaithe 46
f6ba i r fall upon, attack f6bairt f6bartha 80
f6casa i g h focus f6casU f6casaithe 46
f6cht ask, inquire f6chta d h f6chta s
f6dai g h bank with sods rod u f6daithe 46
lod h a i l distribute fod hai leadh fod h a i lte 47
fofhostai g h sub-employ fofhostu fofhosta ithe 46
f6g a i r an nounce f6g a i rt f6gartha Sl
fog h l a i g h plunder log h l u fog hlaithe 46
fog hlaim learn, teach fog hlaim fog h lamtha 49
fog hraigh pronounce fog h ru fog hraithe 46
foi g h n i g h have patience foi g h neamh foi g h nithe so
foi l sean exhibit foi l seanadh foi l seanta 43
foilsigh publish fo ilsiU foilsithe so
f6i n serve, be of use f6n a m h f6nta 93
foi n s i g h spring forth fo i n s i U foinsithe so
f6i r help, suit f6irithint f6irthe 47
foirb knurl foirbea d h foirbthe 47
foi rcea n n terminate foi rcea n n a d h foi rceanta 43
foi rfi g h perfect, mature fo i rfi u foi rfithe so
foi rg n i g h construct foi rg n i U foirgnithe so
f6i r i g h face, clamp f6i r i U f6irithe so
foi r m i g h form, take shape foi r m i U foirmithe so
foith n i g h shelter foith n i U foithnithe so
fol moult fol a d h fol ta 43
fol a i g h hide conceal 1o1 u folaithe 46
fol c bath, wash folcadh folctha 43
folean fol/aw folea n U i n t foleanta 43
fol i g sublet fo l i gean foligthe 47 + 67
fol fon supplement folionadh fol ionta 43
fol l u na i g h rule, sustain fol l u n u fol l U naithe 46
fol m ha i g h empty, evacuate fo l m h u fol m haithe 46
foloisc scorch, singe folosca d h fol o i scthe 47
f6m h a i s tax f6m h a s f6m hasta 93
fonsa i g h hoop, gird fo nsU fonsaithe 46
fora i i command, urge fora i i fora i lte 81
forasaigh ground forasU forasaithe 46
forbai r develop forbairt forbartha Sl
forbheirigh boil over forbheiriU forb h e i rithe so
forca i l fork forca i l forca i lte 81
forc h e i m n i g h proceed forc h e i m n i U forcheim n i the so
forc h l 6 i g h overprint forc h l 6 forc h l 6ite 33
forch neasa i g h cicatrize forch neasU forch neasaithe 46
forchoi mead reserve (jur) fo rchoi mead forchoi meadta 43
forchoimhead watch. guard fo rc h o i m head forc h o i m headta 43
forc h u i m i l rub together forc h u i m i l t forc h u i m i lte S9
fordhearg redden ford heargadh ford heargtha 43
ford h i n g press, thrust ford h i ngeadh ford h i ngthe 47
ford h 6 i g h scorch, singe ford h 6 ford h6ite 33
ford h u bhaigh darken, obscure ford h Uc h a n ford h u bhaithe 46
fore i g n i g h force, compel foreig n i U fore i g n ithe so
forei l i g h request fore i l e a m h fore i l i t h e so
forfh i l l over(o/d forfh i l leadh forfh i l lte 47
forfh uara i g h supercoo/ forfh uarU forfh uaraithe 46
forg habh seize, usurp forg h a b h a i l forghafa 43
285
forg h a i r convoke forg hairm forg h a i rthe 47

forg h e i l l forfeit forg h e i l leadh forg h e i l lte 47 + s 3
forg h nio m h a i g h execute Uur) forg h n io m h u forg h niomhaithe 46
forg h o i n wound severly forg h o i n forg honta 47
forg h ra d a i g h pro-grade forg hradu forg h radaithe 46
foria i g h close, fasten foria m h foriata 4S + 7
forl a m h a i g h dominate for l a m h u forla mhaithe 46
forleag overlay forlea g a n forleagtha 43
forleas demise forleasad h forleasta 43
forleath broadcast forleathadh forleata 69
forleat h n a i g h extend, expand forleath n u forleath naithe 46
forl e i r i g h construe forl e i r i U forlei rithe so
forlion overfill forlio n a d h forlionta 43
forloisc enkindle, sear forloscadh forloiscthe 47
forl u i g h overlap forl u i forlu ite 97
formhead a i g h magnify formheadU formheadaithe 46
formheas approve form heas formheasta 43
formhol extol, eulo9ize form h o l a d h formholta 43
form h u c h smother, stire form h u c h a d h for m h u c hta 43
form h u i n i g h endorse form h u i n i U form h u i n ithe so
for6gair forewarn for6ga i rt for6gartha Sl
foro i n n subdivide foro i n n t foro i n nte 47 + 84
forord a i g h pre-ordain forord U forordaithe 46 + 79
f6rsiii l force f6rs.3. i l f6rs.3.i lte 79
forscaoil loose, release forscaoileadh forscaoi lte 47 + 87
forsceith overflow forsceitheadh forsceite 47 + 1 8
fors h u i g h super(im)pose fors h u i fors h u ite 97
forta i g h aid, succour fortacht forta ithe 46
forthacht ho If-choke forthachtadh forthachta s
forth a i rg tender fortha i riscint fortha i rgthe 47
fortheigh super-heat forthea m h fortheite 66
forua i s l i g h ennoble, exalt foru a i s l i U foru a i s l ithe so
foru a l a i g h overload foru a l U forualaithe 46
fosa i g h steady, stabilize fosu fosaithe 46
fosca i n winnow foscn a m h foscnafa 93 + 47
foscriobh subscribe foscriobhadh foscrfofa 43 + 88
fostai g h employ fostu fostaithe 46
fot h a i g h found/establish fot h u fothaithe 46
foth a i n i g h shelter. screen fothai n i U foth a i n ithe so
fot h ra i g bothe, dip fothragadh fothragtha 93 + 43
fra i nce.3.il frank fra i nce.3.il fra i n ce.3.i l te 81
fr.3. m a i g h frame fr.3. m U fr.3.maithe 46
fra p a i l prop fra p a i l frapai lte 81
frasa i g h shower fras U frasaithe 46
freagair answer freagairt freagartha 51
frea m h a i g h root fream h U frea m h a ithe 46
frean g wrench, contort frean g a d h freangtha 43
freasa i g h react freasU freasaithe 46
freasc h u i r reverse freas c h u r freasch u rtha 47 + 28
freastail attend freastal freastailte 52
frioch fry friochadh friochta 43
friota i g h resist friotU friotaithe 46
friot h a i l attend, minister frioth.3.il frioth.3.ilte 81
frisneis refute, rebut frisneis frisneiste 47
frith <i i r i g h set off (book-k) frit h .3. i reamh frith.3.irithe so
frithbhearta i g h counteract frith b heartu frith bheartaithe 46
frit h b h u a i l recoil frith b h u a l a d h frith b h u a i lte 47
frithchaith rerect frithchaitheamh frithchaite 43 + 1 8
trithe i l i g h counter-claim frith e i l e a m h fritheilithe so
frithg h e a l l underwrite frithg h e a l l a d h frithgheal lta 43
frithghniomhaigh react frit h g h n i o m h u f. g h n iomhaithe 46
frith i n g i g h reciprocate frit h i n g i U frith i n g i t h e so
frith ionsa i g h counter-attack frith ionsai frithionsaithe 46
fri t h m h .3. i rse.3. i l countermarch frit h m h a i rsea i l f. m h .3. i rseii i lte 81
frithra i g h contradict frith ra frithr.3.ite 7
frithsheiptigh anticepticize frithsheiptiu frithshei ptithe so
frithsheol reverse frith sheoladh frithsheolta 43
frith s h u i g h seta9ainst frith s h u i frithshu ite 97
frithspreig h reverberate frith spre frithspreite 55
fru i l i g h en9a9e, h ire fru i l i U fru i l ithe so
fuadaigh abduct, kidnap fuadach fuadaithe 46
fuaidrigh stray, suspend fua i d reamh fuaidrithe so
fua i g h sew, bind fua i l fuaite 26
fua i m n i g h pronounce fua i m n i U fua i m nithe so
286
gas/treamh eearla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathargaolta
fuara i g h cool, chill fuarU fuaraithe 46

fuascai l deliver, solve fuasca l l t fuasca i l te 51 + 80
fuath a i g h hote fuathu fuathaithe 46
fu i g h i l l utter, pronounce fu i g h e a l l f u i g h i l lte lch 264 / 7
fu i l i g h (couseto) bleed fu i l i U f u i l ithe so
fuill a d d to, increase fu i l leamh fu i l lte 47
fu i n cook, knead fuineadh fui nte 47
fuin set (ofsun) fuineadh fui nte 47
fuinnmhigh energize fu i n n m h i U fu i n n m h ithe so
fuipeail whip fuipe<iil fui peailte 81
fu i r i g h wait, delay fuireach(t) fuirithe so
fu i rs harrow fuirsea d h fui rste 47
/ f u i rs i g h harrow fuirsiU fu i rsithe / so
fu l a i n g suffer, endure fulaingt fu laingthe 49
gabh take, accept gabhail gafa S4
gabhlaigh fork, branch out gabhlu gabhlaithe s6
gad toke owoy gad gadta S4
Gaela i g h Gae/icize Gael U Gaelaithe s6
gag crack, chap gagadh gagtha S4
gaibhnigh forge gaibhniU gaibhnithe SS
gaibhnigh impound gaibhniU g a i b h n ithe SS
gainnigh scole (fish) gainniU g a i n n ithe SS
gair call, invoke gairm g a i rthe S3
g ci i r shout, lough g .3 i re g a i rthe S3
g a i rd i g h rejoice gairdiU g a i rdithe SS
gairidigh shorten gairid i U g a i ridithe SS
gairnisigh garnish gairnisiU g a i rnisithe SS
gais gush gaiseadh gaiste S3
gaistigh trap, ensare gaistiU g aistithe SS
galaigh vapourize galu galaithe s6
galbhanaigh galvanize galbhanu g a l bhanaithe s6
galldaigh anglicize galldu g a l ldaithe S6
gallunaigh soponify gallunu g a l l u naithe s6
galraigh infect g a l ru g a l raithe s6
ga lstobh braise g a l stobhadh g a lstofa S4
gannaigh become scarce gannU gannaithe s6
gaothra i g h fon, putter gaothru gaothraithe s6
g a rbha i g h roughen garbhu garbhaithe s6
garbhshnoigh rough-hew garbhshnoi garbhshnoite 97
garbhtheilg rough-cast garbhtheil gean garbhtheilgthe S3
g a rd a i l guord g a rd a i l g a rdailte 81
g a rg a i g h make harsh gargu g a rgaithe s6
gargra i s i g h gorgle g a rg ra i s i U gargraisithe SS
gasaigh / gasail gos gasu ; gasai l gasaithe / gasai lte s 6 / 81
gatha i g h / gathail gaff gathu / gatha i l gathaithe / gathailte s 6 / 81
gatha i g h sting, radiate gathu gathaithe s6
geab tolk, chotter geabadh geabtha S4
geafa i l go ff geafa i l geafa i lte 81
geagaigh branch out geagu geagaithe S6
geal whiten gea l a d h gealta 54
geal-leasa i g h tow geal-leasU geal-leasaithe 56
gea l l promise. pledge gea l l a d h geal lta 54
geal learb pawn geal learbadh g e a l l earbtha 54
geamhraigh spring, sprout geamhru g e a m h raithe S6
geara i g h sharpen gearU gearaithe 56
gearan complain gearan gearanta 54
gearr cut, shorten gearra d h gearrtha 54
gea rrc h iorcad short-circuit g . c h i o rcadadh gearrc h i o rcadta 54
geil graze geilt gei lte 53
9ei11 yield, submit geil lead h , geil lstean u geillte 53
gfim low, bellow g e i m neach geimthe S3
gei m h l i g h fetter, chane geimhliu g e i m h l ithe 55
geimhrigh hibernate geimhriU g e i m h rithe 55
geis cryout, roar geiseacht gfiste 53
geit jump, start geiteadh geite 108
geoi d l i g h yodel geoid l i u geoidlithe 55
gibir dribble g i b reacht g i beartha 102
gin beget g i n i U i nt g i nte 53
ginidigh germinate ginidiU g i n i d ithe SS
giob pick, pluck giobadh g iobtha 54
g iog cheep, chirp giogadh giogtha 54
giolc beat, cane giolcadh g i o l ctha S4
giolc tweet, chirp giolcadh g i o l ctha 54
giollaigh guide, tend giollu g i o l laithe 56
287
giorra i g h shorten g i o rrU g iorraithe 56

g iorta i g h shorten g iortU g iortaithe 56
g iorta i l gird, tuck u p giorta i l g i o rtailte 81
giosail /izz, ferment giosail g iosa i t te 81
g iota i g h break in bits g iotU g iota ithe 56
g i U mar.3il humour g i U marail g i li mar.3ilte 81
glac take, accept glacadh g lactha 54
glaeigh glue glae g laeite 7
glam bark, howl glamafl glamtha 54
glam grab, clutch g l .3 m a d h , - m a i l g l a mtha 54
glamh satirize, revile glamhadh g lafa 54
glan clean glanadh g l a nta 54
glaoigh call g laoch g laoite 7
glasaigh become green glasu g lasaithe 56
glasail lock glasail g lasailte 81
gleadhair beat, pummel gleadhradh gleadhartha 20
glean stick, adhere g l e a n li i n t g l eanta 54
g leas adjust, dress g l easa d h g l easta 54
g l easaistrig h transpose g leasaistriU g l easaistrithe 55
gleghlan clarify gleg g l e g h l a nta 54
g leois babble, chatter g leoiseadh g l eoiste 53
g l icrfn i g h glycerinate g l i c rin i U g l icrfnithe 55
g l i g lea i l clink g l ig l ea i l g l i g l ea i lte 81
g l i nne.3il wind g l i n ne.3il g l i n necii lte 81
glinnigh fix, secure glinniU g l i n n ithe 55
glinnigh scrutinize glinniU g l i n n ithe 55
g1iuai1 glue gliuail g l i Ua i lte 81
gloinigh vitrify, glaze gloiniU g l o i n ithe 55
gl6irigh glorify gl6iriU g l 6 i rithe 55
gl6nraigh glaze g l 6 n rU g l 6 n raithe 56
gl6raigh voice, vocalize g l 6 ru g l6raithe 56
gl6rmhara i g h glorify g l 6 rmharu gl6rmharaithe 56
g l6th a i g h gel glathu g l6thaithe 56
gluais move, proceed g l u a i seacht g l u a iste 53
gluinigh branch out glOiniU g l u i n ithe 55
gnathaigh frequent gnathu g na.thaithe 56
gneithigh regain, mend gneithiU g neithithe 55
g niomhachta i g h activate g n iomhachtu g nfom hachtaithe 56
gniomhaigh act (agency) g n fo m h U g n io m h a ithe 56
g n6tha i g h earn, labour gn6thu g n6thaithe 56
gob protrude gobadh gobtha 54
g6chum counterfeit g6chumadh g6chumtha 54
gafra i l gaffer g afra i l g6fra i lte 81
gogail gobble, cackle gogal gogai lte lch 264 / 7
goil cry gol goilte 53
goiligh gut (/ish) goiliU goilithe 55
goill greive, hurt goilleadh g o i l lte 53
gain wound, slay go i n gonta 53
gain win outright go int goi nte 53
goirtigh salt, pickle goirtiU goirtithe 55
gor heat, warm, hatch goradh g o rtha 54
gormaigh colour blue gormU gormaithe 56
gorta i g h hurt, injure gortu gortaithe 56
gortg h l a n clear weeds gortg h l a n a d h gortg h l a nta 54
goth a i l gesticulate gothai l goth<iilte 81
g rab.3il grab g rabail g rabailte 81
g ra b h a i l engrave, grave gr.3bh.3il g r.3bh.3i lte 81
g rada i g h grade g ra d u g radaithe 56
g raf sketch, graph g rafa d h g raftha 54
g raifn i g h ride (horse) g ra i f n i U g raifnithe 55
graigh love gra g raite 7
grainigh hate, abhor grai n i U g r.3 i n ithe 55
g r.3 i n n i g h grain, gran ulate g r.3 i n n i U g ra i n n ithe 55
grainse.3 i l feed o n grain g r.3inse.3il g r.3i nse.3 i l te 81
granaigh granulate granu g r.3naithe 56
g rata i l grate g ratai l g rata i l te 81
g read thrash, drub g reada d h g readta 54
g reag n a i g h pave, stud g rea g n U g reagnaithe 56
g rea m a i g h stick, attach g reamU g reamaithe 56
grean engrave g rea nadh g reanta 54
g rea n n a i g h irritate, ruffle g rea n n U g reannaithe 56
g reasa i g h ornament g reasU g reasa ithe 56
g reasa i l beat, trounce g reas.3 i l g reasti.i lte 81
g reisc grease greisceadh g reiscthe 53
288
gas;treamh Bl!arla ainm briathartha aid iacht bhr. briathar gaolta
g rian sun grianadh gria nta 54

g rianraigh insolate g rianrU grianraithe 56
g r i n n b h reath n a i g h scrutinize g r i n n b h reat h n U g r i n n b h reath naithe 56
g r i n ndearc scrutinize g r i n ndearcadh g r i n ndearctha 54
grinneall sound, fathom g r i n n ea l l a d h grinneal lta 54
grinnigh scrutinize grinniU g r i n n ithe 55
g r i n nscrU d a i g h scrutinize g r i n n scrUdU grin nscrUdaithe 56
g riog tease. annoy g riogadh g riogtha 54
grioll broil, quarrel griolladh griol lta 54
g riosa i g h fjre, incite g riosU g rfosaithe 56
g riosc / g riosca i l broil, grill g rioscad h / g rioscai l g riosctha / g riosc<iilte 54 / 81
g riotha i l grunt g rioth a i l g riothailte 81
g rad quicken, urge on g rodadh g rodta 54
g rodloisc denagrate g ro d l oscadh g rodloi scthe 53
g r6ig = cr6ig U foot (turf) g r6igeadh g r6igthe 53
g ru a m a i g h become gloomy gruamU g ruamaithe 56
grudaigh brew grudu g rudaithe 56
gruntail sound (naut.) grUnt<i i l g rU nt<i i lte 81
grupail group grupail g ru pa i l te 81
g u a i l lea i l shoulder g u a t l l e <i i l g u a i l le<iilte 81
g u a i ri g h bristle g u a i ri U g u a i rithe 55
gualaigh char gualu gualaithe 56
guigh pray gui g u ite 97
guilbnigh peck guilbniU g u i l bnithe 55
guilmnigh calumniate guilmniU g u i l m n ithe 55
g u istigh gouge g U istiU g u i stithe 55
gumaigh gum gumU g u maithe 56
guthaigh voice, vocalize guthu g uthaithe 56
haicle<iil hackle haicle<iil haiclea i lte 81
haigleail haggle haigleail haig leailte 81
ha pail hop ha pail hapai lte 81
Heilleanaigh Hellenize H e i l lea n u H e i l leanaithe 75
hibridigh hybridize hibridiU h i bridithe 94
h i d rea l a i g h hydrolize h i d rea l U h i d realaithe 75
hidriginigh hydrogenate hidriginiU h i d ri g i nithe 94
hileail heel hilea i l hile<iilte 81
hinigh henna hlniU h i n ithe 94
h i o d raitigh hydrate h iodr<iitiU hiodr<iitithe 94
hiopn6isigh hynotize hiopn6isiU hiopn6isithe 94
iacht cry, groan iachta d h iachta 5
iadaigh iodize iadU iadaithe 62
iadaitigh iodate iad<iitiU iad<i itithe 58
iaigh close, enclose iamh iata 26
ianaigh ionize ianU ianaithe 62
i a rc h u i r defer, postpone iarc h u r iarc h u rtha 28 + 77
i a rd hata i g h post-date iardh<itU iard hata ithe 62
iarnaigh put in irons iarnU iarnaithe 62
iarn<iil iron, smooth iarnau iarn<ii lte 81
iarr ask, request iarraidh ia rrtha 57
iasc lish iascach iasctha 57
ibh drink ibhe ife 77
idea l a i g h idealize idealu idealaithe 62
id i g h use (up) id i U id it he 58
i d i r-ro i n n partition i d i r-ro i n n t i d i r-ro i n nte 77 + 84
i d i rcheart interpret, discuss i d i rcheartadh i d i rc h ea rta 77 + 5
i d i rc h u i r interpose i d i rc h u r i d i rc h u rtha 77 + 28
i d i rd h e a l a i g h differentiate i d i rd h e a l U i d i rd healaithe 62
i d i rd h u i l l i g h interleave i d i rd h u i l l i u i d i rd h u i l l ithe 58
i d i rf h i g h interweave i d i rfhi i d i rfhite 77 + 76
i d i rg h a b h intervene i d i rg h a b h a i l i d i rg hafa 57
idirlaimhsigh intermeddle i d i r l <i i m h s i U i d i rl <i i m hsithe 58
i d i rleath diffuse i d i rleathadh i d i rleata 69
idirlinigh interline i d i rl i n i U i d i rlinithe 58
l d i rm h a l a rtaigh interchange i d i r m h a l a rtU i d i rm h a l a rtaithe 62
i d i rscar part, divorce i d i rscara d h i d i rscartha 57
i d i rsco i r interrupt l d i rscor i d i rscortha 77
i d i rsh u i g h interpose i d i rs h u i i d i rs h u ite 97
ilch6ipe<iil man ifaid i l c h 6 i pe<i i l ilch6i pe<iilte 81
iligh oil iliU iii the 58
i m a i strigh transmigrate ima istriU i m a i strlthe 58
imchas rotate imchasadh imchasta 57 + 1 9
imchei m n i g h circumvent imcheimniU i m c h e i m n ithe 58
imchl6igh return, revert imchl6 i m c h l6ite 33
imchludaigh envelop imchlUdU i m c h l udaithe 62
289
gas/freamh eearla ainm briathartha aid iacht bhr. briathar gaolta
imchosa i n defend i mchosaint i m c h osanta 61

i m c h roith sprinkle i m c h roitheadh i m c h roite 18
imdhail distribute imdhaileadh i m d h a i lte 77
i m d heag h a i l defend, parry i m d heaghal i m d heaghai lte lch 264 / 7
i m d hea l a i g h separate i m d hea l u i m d healaithe 62
i m d hearg cause to blush i m d hearg a d h i m d heargtha 57
imdheighil distinguish imdheighilt i m d h e i g h i lte lch 264 / 7
i m d hfon immunize i m d hionadh i m d h fonta 57
i m d h ru i d encompass lmdhruidim i m d h ru idte 77
imeaglaigh intimidate i meag l U i meaglaithe 62
i m easc integrate i meascadh i measctha 57
imghabh avoid, evade imghabhail i m g hafa 57
imghlan cleanse, purify i m g h la n a d h i m g h lanta 57 + 54
imigh go away, leave imeacht i m ithe/ar shiul u 58
imir play (game) i m i rt imeartha 59
i m i rc migrate i m i rcea d h i m i rcthe 77
imlfnigh outline imlinlU i m l inithe 58
i m loisc singe i m l oscadh i m l o i scthe 77
imoibrigh react (Chem.) imoibriU i m o i brithe 58
i m p h lfasc collapse i m p h l eascadh i m p h teasctha 57
impigh beseech, entreat impf i m pithe 58
i m pleachta i g h imply i m pleachtu i m p l eachtaithe 62
i m roth l a i g h revolve i m roth l U i m rothlaithe 62
i m scaoil scatter i m scaoileadh i mscaoilte 77 + 87
i m scar spread about i mscara d h i m scartha 57
l m scrfobh circumscribe i mscrfobh i m scriofa 57 + 88
i mscrU d a i g h investigate imscrUdU i mscrUdaithe 62
i mshocra i g h compound i mshocrU imshocraithe 62 + 95
imshuigh encompass imshuf i m s h u ite 97
i m t h a i rg bid i mthairiscint imthairgthe 77
i mtharra i n g gravitate i mtharra i n g t i mtharra i ngthe 104
imtheora n n a i g h intern imtheora n n U i mtheora n naithe 62
imthnuth covet, envy imthnuthadh i m t h n Uta 69
imthreascai r wrestle, contend i m t h reasca i rt imthreascartha 61
i n bhearta i g h invert i n bheartU i n bhfartaithe 62
i n c h reach reprove, rebuke i n c h reachadh i n c h reachta 57
indibhidigh individuate indibhidiu i n d i b h idithe 58
i n e i rg i g h energize i n e i rg i U i n e i rgithe 58
i nfei r i g h infer i nfei r i U l nfeirithe 58
i nfheist i g h invest i nfheistiU i nfheistithe 58
i n fh i l l enfold, entwine i n fh i l leadh i n fh i l lte 77 + 47
i n g hreim prey upon, i n g h reimeadh i n g h reimthe 77
persecute / i n g h reamadh / i n g h reamtha / 57 + 93
ingnigh tear, pick ingniU i n g n ithe 58
iniaigh enclose, include iniamh i n iata 26
in is tell insi nt/ inse inste 60
I
inisligh humble, abase i nisl i U i nisl ithe 58
iniUch scrutinize i n i Uc h a d h i n i Uchta 57
i n l eag inlay i n l eagadh i n l eagtha 57
i n neacsa i g h index i n neacsU i n n eacsaithe 62
i n neallfh u a i g h machine-sew i n neallfh u a i l i n neallfhua ite 26
i n n e a l l g h rea n engine-turn i n n ea l l g h reanadh i n neal l g h reanta 57
innill arrange, plot i n leadh i n nealta 59
i n n i U la i g h capacitate inniUIU i n n i U laithe 62
i n p h leasc implode i n p h l eascadh i n p h l easctha 57
i n rf i m n i g h converge i n rei m n i U i n re i m n i t h e 58
insamhail liken, imitate insamhladh i nsamhalta 24 + 61
/ i nsa m h l a i g h / i nsam h l u / insamhlaithe / 62
i n scriobh inscribe i n scrfobh inscrfofa 57 + 88
insea l b h a i g h invest, install insea l b h u insealbhaithe 62
insea m h n a i g h inseminate insea m h n U insea m h n a ithe 62
insil instil, infuse i n s i l ea d h i n s i lte 77
i nsfoth l a i g h infiltrate i n siot h l U i n sioth laithe 62
insligh insulate insliU i n s l ithe 58
i n stea l l inject i n stea l l a d h i n stea l lta 57
insuigh plu9 in insui i n s u ite 97
fobair sacrifice iobairt iobartha 61
foe pay lac ioctha 57
foe heal, cure foe ioctha 57
focleasai g h medicate, dress focleasU iocleasaithe 62
iodalaigh italicize iodalu iodalaithe 62
iog rai g h sensitize iog rU iog raithe 62
iolraigh multiply i o l rU i o l raithe 62
iomadaigh multiply iomadU iomadaithe 62
290
iomain drive, hurl iomcl i n t iomclinte n + 1 07

iomair row(boot) iomramh iomartha 61
iomalarta i g h commute iomalartU iomalartaithe 62
iomard a i g h reproach iomardU iomardaithe 62
iombhaigh submerse iombha iom bhclite 7
iomdhaigh increase iomdhU iomdhaithe 62
iomlaisc roll about iomlascadh iomlasctha 93
i o m l cl n a i g h complete i o m l cl n U i o m l cl n a ithe 77
iomlaoid i g h fluctuate iomlaoid i U iomlaoidithe 58
iomluaigh stir, discuss iomlua ioml uaite 26
iompaigh turn, avert iompU iompaithe 62
iompair carry, transport iompar iompartha 61
iom p6rtcl i l import iomp6rtclil iomp6rtclilte 81
iomrclidh report, mention iomra i o m rclite 7
ion-a n cl l a i g h inhale ion-analU ion-ancllaithe 62
ionaclaigh inoculate ionaclU ionaclaithe 62
ionadaigh position ionadU ionadaithe 62
fon a i g h purify ion LI ionaithe 62
ionannaigh equate ionannU ionannaithe 62
ionchoiri g h incriminate ionchoiriU i o n c h o i rithe 58
ionchollaigh incarnate ionchol l U ionchollaithe 62
ionchorpra i g h incorporate ionchorprU ionchorpraithe 62
ionch U i s i g h prosecute ionchUisiU i o n c h U isithe 58
ionduchta i g h induce ionduchtU i o n d uchtaithe 62
ionghabh ingest ionghabhail iong hafa 57
ionghair herd, watch i o n g h a i re i o n g h a i rthe 77
ion g h l a n purify ion g h l a n a d h ion g h l a nta 57
ionnail wash, bathe ionladh i o n n a lta l c h 264 / 7
ionnarb banish, exile i o n n a rbadh i o n n a rbtha 57
ionradaigh irridate ionradU i o n radaithe 62
i o n ra m h cl i l handle, manage ionramhclil i o n ra m h cl i lte 81
ionscligh insert, intrude ionsa ions.3 i te 7
ionsaigh attack ionsaf ionsaithe 62
ionsoi l s i g h illuminate ionsoi l s i U ionsoilsithe 58
i o nsorch a i g h bri9hten ionsorch U ionsorchaithe 62
ionstra i m i g h instrument ionstra i m i U ionstra i m ithe 58
ionsUigh absorb ions LI ionsU ite 16
ionsuigh plu9 in ionsui ionsu ite 97
ionta i s i g h fossilize ionta i s i U iontaisithe 58
ionto n a i g h intone iontonU iontonaithe 62
iontrcl i l enter iontr.3 i l iontr.3ilte 81
ioschei m n i g h step-down iosc h e i m n i U iosc h e i m n ithe 58
iospa i r ill-treat, ill-use fospairt iospartha 61
irisigh gazette irisiU i risithe 58
is thecopulo 13
isl i g h lower isl i U islithe 58
ith eat ithe ite 63
labail lob labail labai lte 96
labhair speak labhairt labhartha 64
1adai1 lode (ship) 1adai1 ladai lte 96
lagaigh weaken lagu lagaithe 86
laghdaigh reduce laghdu l a g h d a ithe 86
1aib spotter l a i beadh l a i bthe 67
La i d i n i g h Latinize La i d i n i U La i d i n ithe 94
laidrigh strengthen l cl i d r i U l a i d rithe 94
1aigh dawn l.3chan lclite 7
l cl i m hse.3il handle, manage l cl i mhsecl i l l .l i m hsecl i l te 96
laimhsigh handle, manage l .3 i m h s i U l cl i m hsithe 94
1 a i n secl i l launch l a i n seclil l a i n seclilte 96
laist leach.wash away la istea d h 1.liste 108
laithrigh appear, present lclithriU laithrithe 94
laithrigh demolish l.3ithriU laithrithe 94
lamhach shoot lam hach(adh) l a m hachta 65
lam h a i l allow, permit lamhail l a m h a i lte 96
l cl m hscaoi l free, manumit l a m hscaoileadh l .l m hscaoilte 67 + 87
lanaigh fill out 1anu lclnaithe 86
lannaigh laminate, scale lannU t a n naithe 86
lansaigh lance lansU lansaithe 86
1anscoir dissolve 1 .3. n scor l cl n scortha 67
laobh bend, pervert laobhadh laofa 65
laoidh narrate as a lay laoidheadh laoid hte 67
lara i g h centralize 1aru lclraithe 86
las light lasadh lasta 65
lase lash, whip lascadh lasctha 65
291
lasca i n i g h discount lasca i n i U lascainithe 94

lasta i l lade, laad lasta i l lasta ilte 96
leaba i g h (em)bed, set lea b u leabaithe 86
leabhlaigh libel leabhlu leabhlaithe 86
leabhra i g h stretch, extend leabhru lea b h raithe 86
leabhra i g h swear leabhru leabhraithe 86
leaca i g h natten, crush leacU leacaithe 86
leachta i g h liquefy leachtU leachtaithe 86
leadair smite, beat leadradh leadartha 24
lead h b tear in strips lead h b a d h leadhbtha 55
lead h b a i r belabaur, beat leadh bairt leadh bartha 24
leag knock down leagan leagtha 65
leaigh melt lea 1eaite 7
leamh render impotent leamhadh leafa 65
leamhshai n n i g h stalemate leamhsh.3 i n n i U l e a m h s h a i n n ithe 94
lean fol/aw, pursue lea n U i n t /-nstan leanta 65
leang strike, slap leangadh leangtha 65
1earsc.3 i l i g h map 1earsc.3 i l i U 1earsca i l ithe 94
1eas welt, nag 1easadh 1easta 65
leasa i g h improve leasU leasaithe 86
leasaigh lease, farm out 1easU 1easaithe 86
leaschraol relay leaschraoladh leaschraolta 65
lea th spread, halve leathadh lea ta 69
leath n a i g h widen leath n u leathnaithe 86
leibheal level leibhealadh l e i b h ealta 65
leictrea c h l 6 i g h electrotype leictreac h l 6 leictreachl6ite 33
leictrea l a i g h electrolyse leictre a l U leictrealaithe 86
leictrea ph latail electroplate leictrea p h l.3t.3il leictreaphl.3t.3i lte 96
leictri g h electrity leictriU leictrithe 94
1eigh read leamh leite 66
leig heas cure leigheas leig heasta 65
lfim leap.jump lfi m / l e i m neach leimthe 67
leirbhreith n i g h review 1eirbhreith n i U 1eirb h reith nithe 94
leirchruthaigh demonstrate 1eirchruthU leirchruthaithe 86
l e i rg h l a n clarity leirg h l a n a d h leirg h lanta 6 5 + 54
1 e i rg h o i n wound badly l e i rg h o i n 1eirg honta 67
lfirigh make clear 1eiriU lfirithe 94
leirigh beat down 1eiriU leirithe 94
leirmhinigh explain fully l t?i rmhfniU lt?irmhln ithe 94 + 71
leirscriobh engross lt?i rscrio bh 1ei rscriofa 6 5 + 88
1eirscrios destroy l t? i rscriosadh 1ei rscriosta 65
lfirsigh demonstrate 1eirsiU l f i rsithe 94
lt?irsmao i n i g h consider l e i rsmao i n i U lt?irsmaoinithe 94
leithead a i g h spread leitheadU leitheadaithe 86
leithghabh appropriate leithghabhail leithg hafa 65
leithlisigh isolate leithlisiU leithl isithe 94
leithreasa i g h appropriate leithreasU lelthreasa ithe 86
leithro i n n allot leithro i n n t leithro i n nte 67 + 84
leithscar segregate leithscaradh leithscartha 65
leoidh cutoff. hack leodh leoite 45
leomh dare, presume leomhadh leofa 55
I eon sprain leonadh I eonta 55
l iath (bceome)grey liathadh l i ata 59
lig let, permit l igean/l igint ligthe 67
ligh lick, fawn an Ii l ite 76
lignigh lignify ligniU l i g n ithe 94
lfneail line Hne.3il line.3ilte 96
ling leap, spring l i ngeadh l i ngthe 57
I in i g h line, delineate liniU linithe 94
1 i nse.3il lynch l i n se.3il l i nse.3ilte 95
liobair tear. scold l iobairt l i obartha 24
Homh grind, sharpen liomhadh liofa 55
lfomhain allege lfomhaint liomhai nte 24
lion /ill lionadh lionta 65
lfonta n a i g h reticulate lfont.3 n U liontanaithe 85
l iosta i g h list, enumerate l i ostU l i osta ithe 85
l i ost.3i l list l iost.3i l l i ost.3 ilte 95
lisigh lyse lisiU lisithe 94
l iteag raf lithagraph l iteagrafa d h l iteag rafa 65
litrigh spell litriU litrithe 94
l i udrail beat, trounce l i U d r.3 i l l i u d ra i lte 96
liuigh yell, shout liU l i U ite 16
liUr beat, trounce l i U ra d h l i U rtha 65
lobh rot, decay lobhadh lofa 65
292
lac pen, enclose locadh loctha 65

lac pluck locadh loctha 65
locail localize loc.3i1 loca i l te 96
locair plane, smooth locrU locraithe 24
lochair tear; afflict lochra d h lochartha 24
lochta i g h fault, blame loch tu lochtaithe 86
lodail load 1odai1 16dai lte 96
lodair cover with mud lodairt lodartha 24
16g wail, lament 16gadh 16gtha 65
logh remit, for9ive loghadh loghtha 65
loic Pinch, shirk loiceadh loicthe 67
loighcigh logicize loighciu loig hcithe 94
loingsigh banish, exile loingsiU l o i n g sithe 94
loisc burn, scorch loscadh loiscthe 67
16iste.3i l lodge 16iste.3 i l 16iste.3 i l te 96
loit hurt, injure lot loite 108
lorn lay bare, strip lomadh lomtha 65
lomair shear; fleece lomairt lomartha 24
l o m l ion fill to brim l o m lionadh l o m l ionta 65
16naigh supply, hoard 16nU 16naithe 86
long swallow, eat longadh longtha 65
lonnaigh stay, settle lonnU lonnaithe 86
lonnaigh become angry lonnU lonnaithe 86
lonraigh shine lonrU l o n raithe 86
lorg search for lorg lorgtha lch 264 / 7
luachail value, evaluate l u a c h .3 i l luachai lte 96
luaidh traverse luadh l uaite 26
l ua i g h mention lua l u a ite 26
luainigh move quickly luainiU l u a i n ithe 94
l uaithrigh sprinkle ash luaithriU l uaith rithe 94
luasc swing, oscillate l uascadh luasctha 65
l uasgheara i g h accelerate l uasghfarU l uasg hearaithe 86
luasmhoil l i g h decelerate luasmhoil l i U l u a s m h o i l lithe 94
l uathaigh quicken luathu l uathaithe 86
l uathbhruith spatchcock luathbhruith l u a t h b h ru i te 18
1ub bend, loop l u badh l u btha 65
1 u ba i 1 link 1 u ba i l l u ba i lte 96
l u chairigh rejoice 1 U c h .3 i r i U l u c h a i rithe 94
l u chta i g h charge, load l uchtu l u c htaithe 86
luigh lie down luf l u ite 97
luigh swear luighe l u lte 97
l u is n i g h blush, glow luisniU l u isnithe 94
lutail fawn, adore lutail 1Ut.3i lte 96
macadamaigh macadamize macadamU macadamaithe 72
macasa m h l a i g h reproduce, copy macasa m h l U macasa m h laithe 72
machai l i g h harm, disfigure m.3cha i l i U machailithe 71
machnaigh marvel, renect machnamh machnaithe 72
macht kill, slaughter machtadh machta lll
maidhm burst, defeat madhmadh madh mtha 93
maigh state, claim maio m h maite 22
m a i g h neada i g h magnetize m a i g h neadu m a i g h nfadaithe 72
mainnigh default mainniU m a i n n ithe 71
mair live, last m a i reacht.3 i l martha 70
/mairstean U
maircigh gall mairciU m a i rcithe 71
mairse.3i l march, parade m .3 i rse.3 i l m .3 i rse.3ilte 81
maisigh decorate, adorn maisiU maisithe 71
maistri g h churn maistri U maistrithe 71
m.3istri g h master m .3. i streacht maistrithe 71
maith forgive, pardon maitheamh maite 18
maithrigh mother; bear m.3ithri U maithrithe 71
malarta i g h exchange malartU m a lartaithe 72
malgamaigh amalgamate malgamU malgamaithe 72
mallaigh curse mallu mallaithe 72
m.3m.3il gather in handfuls m a m .3. i l mamai lte 81
manta i g h bite into, indent mantU manta it he 72
maoinigh flnance, endow maoi n i U maoinithe 71
maolaigh (make) bald maolU maolaithe 72
maol.3.naigh buffer maol.3.nU maol.3naithe 72
maoscai l wade maoscal maosca i l te 20
maoth a i g h so�en, moisture maothU maothaithe 72
maoth l a i g h mellow maoth l u maoth laithe 72
map.3il map m a p .3. i l map.3.i lte 81
ma pail mop mapail map.3.i lte 81
293
mara i g h ; marbh u kill marU maraithe 68

marbhshcl i n n i g h checkmate marbhshcl i n n i U marbhshcl i n nithe 71
marca i g h ride marcafocht marcaithe 72
marccl i l mark marccli l marccl i l te 81
marg a i g h market marg U margalthe 72
marlaigh fertilize, marl marl LI marlaithe 72
marmara i g h marble, mottle marmarU marmaraithe 72
martra i g h martyr. maim martrU martraithe 72
masc mask mascadh masctha 73
maslaigh insult, strain maslU maslaithe 72
m ea b h l a i g h shame. deceive mea b h l U meabhlaithe 72
meabhra i g h recall, renect meabhrU meabhraithe 72
meadaigh increase mead LI meadaithe 72
meadra i g h metricate meadrU meadraithe 72
me<ligh weigh, measure mea me<lite 7
meai sin i g h machine meaisin i U meaisinithe 71
meaitseii i l match meaitsecl i l meaitsec3. i l te 81
mea l a i g h humble mealU mealaithe 72
meal I charm, entice mea l l a d h meal lta 73
meallac saunter. stroll meallacadh meal lactha 73
meanaigh centre mea n u meanaithe 72
mea n c h o i m r i g h syncopate meanchoimriU meanchoimrithe 71
meang lop, prune meangadh meangtha 73
mea n m n a i g h cheer. plan mea n m n U meanmnaithe 72
meara i g h derange mearU meara ithe 72
meara i g h finger, fiddle mearU mearaithe 72
meas estimate meas measta 73
measc mix, blend meascadh measctha 73
measra i g h feed with mast measrU measraithe 72
measra i g h moderate measrU measraithe 72
measU n a i g h asess, assay meas U n U measUnaithe 72
meath decay, fail meath meata/meaite 69
meath a i g h fatten meathU meathaithe 72
meath l a i g h decline, decay meath l u meat h l a ithe 72
meicnigh mechanize meicniU meicnithe 71
meidhrigh elate, enliven meidhriU m e i d h rithe 71
meil grind, eat, talk meilt mei lte 70
meirbh l i g h weaken m e i rb h l i U meirbhlithe 71
meird r i g h prostitute meirdriU meird rithe 71
m e i rg i g h rust meirg i U meirgithe 71
meirsirigh mercerize meirsiriU meirsirithe 71
meirtn i g h weaken meirtniU meirtnithe 71
meitea morfa i g h metamorphose meiteamorfU meiteamorfa ithe 72
meiti b i l i g h metabolize meiti b i l i U meiti b i l i t h e 71
meiti l i g h methylate meiti l i U meitilithe 71
mi-iompair misconduct m f-iompar mi-iompartha 61
miadhaigh honour miadhU m iadhaithe 72
mianaigh desire mianU mianaithe 72
m i a n ra i g h mineralize m i a n rU m i a n ralthe 72
mianrill jig m i a n r i l leadh m i a n r i l lte 70
mfch6irigh disarrange mfch6iriU mich6irithe 71
m fc h o m h a i r l i g h misadvise m ic h o m h a i rl i U micho m h a i rl ithe 71
mfchumasa i g h disable mfchumasU michu masaithe 72
midhilsigh misappropriate mfd h i l s i U midhilsithe 71
m ffh u a i m n i g h mispronounce mffh u a i m n i U m ffh u a i m n ithe 71
mflitrigh mis-spell mflitriU mil itrithe 71
mill destroy, ruin milleadh m i l lte 70
m i l reanaigh blame, censure m i l leii.nU m i l leclnaithe 72
mil sigh sweeten milsiU m i l sithe 71
mfm mime mfmeadh mimthe 70
mfmheas misjudge mfmheas mimheasta 73
mfmhfnigh misexplain mfmhiniU mimhinithe 71
mfmhisnigh discourage mfmhisniU mimhisn ithe 71
mfmhol dispraise mimholadh mimholta 73
m i neastrcl i l administer m i n eastrc3. i l m i neastr<li lte 81
mfnghlan refine minghlanadh mingh la nta 73 + 53
minicigh frequent miniciU m i n icithe 71
minigh explain mini LI minithe 71
mfnmheil grind down minmheilt minmhei lte 70
m fntfri g h reclaim (land) mintiriU m intirithe 71
m fog cheep mioga d h m iogtha 73
mionaigh pulverise, mince mionU mionaithe 72
mionathraigh modity slightly m ionathrU m i onathraithe 72 + 6
m i o n b h reac stipple m i o n b h reacadh m i o n b h reactha 73
294
gas/freamh sear1a ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
mionbhruigh crush, crumble m i o n bhrU m i o n b h rU ite 16

miondealaigh separate in detail miondealU miondeala ithe 72
m i o n d iol retail m io n d iol m i o n d iolta 73 + 31
miong hearr cut fine, chop m i o n g hearra d h m i o n g hearrtha 73
miongraigh crumble, gnaw miongrU m i o n g raithe 72
m i o n leasa i g h omend sli9htly m i o n leasU mion leasaithe 72
mionnaigh swear mionnU mionnaithe 72
m i o n ro i n n divide in lots mionroinnt m ionroin nte 70 + 84
mionsaothra i g h work o u t in detail m i onsaothrU mionsaothraithe 72
m i o n scag fine-filter mionscagadh m i o n scagtha 73
m i o n scrUd a i g h scrutinize mionscrU d U m i o n scrUdaithe 72
mionteagasc brief m i onteagasc mionteagasctha 73
miostra i g h menstruate m iostrU miostra ithe 72
miota i g h bite, pinch miotU miotaithe 72
miota 1 a i g h metallize miotalU miotalaithe 72
miri a l a i g h misrule miri a l U mirialaithe 72
miriar mismanage miriaradh miriartha 73
mlrigh phrase miriU mirithe 71
mishasa i g h displease mish.3.sa m h mish.3.saithe 72
misheol misdirect misheoladh misheolta 73
misnigh encourage misniU m i s n ithe 71
mitfara i g h mitre mitearU mitfara ithe 72
mit h reora i g h misdirect mithreorU mithreora ithe 72
mod h n a i g h modulate mod h n U modhnaithe 72
modraigh dorken, muddy modrU modraithe 72
mogallaigh mesh, enmesh mog a l l u mogalla ithe 72
m6idigh vow m6idiU m6idithe 71
moilligh deloy moilliU m o i l lithe 71
moirigh water moiriU moi rithe 71
moi rtis i g h mortise m o i rtis i U moi rtisithe 71
moirtn i g h mortifY moirtniU moirtnithe 71
mol praise moladh molta 73
monaplaigh monopolize monaplU monaplaithe 72
monaraigh manufacture monarU monaraithe 72
m6r mo9nifY, exolt m6radh m6rtha 73
morg corrupt morg a d h morgtha 73
morg .3. i stig h mort909e morg .3. i stiU morgaistithe 71
m6tara i g h motorize m6tarU m6taraithe 72
moth a i g h feel, heor moth u , -thachta i l mothaithe 72
moth a l l a i g h tousle motha l l u motha llaithe 72
mUch smother, put out m u chadh m U c hta 73
muchghlan fumi9ote m u c h g h lanadh m u c h g h l a nta 73 + 54
m ud h / m u d h a i g h ruin, destroy mudhadh / mudhu m u d hta / m u d haithe 73 / 72
mUin teach, instruct m U i neadh m U i nte 70
muinigh trust i n , re/yon muiniU m u i nithe 71
muinnigh call, summon muinniU m u i n n ithe 71
m u i reara i g h chor9e(jur) m u i rearU m u i rearaithe 72
muirligh munch muirliU m u i rl ithe 71
muirnigh fondle, cherish muirniU m u i rn ithe 71
mumaigh mummify m u m LI m u maithe 72
mUn urinate mun m U nta 73
mungail chew, munch mungailt m u n g a i lte 74
munlaigh mould, cast mUnlU m U n laithe 72
mUr wall in, immure m U ra d h m U rtha 73
mUr raze, demolish m u ra d h m U rtha 73
m U r.3. i l moor (vessel) m U r.3. i 1 m U r.3. i lte 81
mUsca i l , muscail U wake, awake mUscailt mUscailte 74, va r 35
n .3. i r i g h shame n .3 i r i U n .3. i rithe 94
naisiUnaigh nationalize n .3. i s i U n U n .3. i s i U naithe 75
naomhaigh sonctifY, hollow naomhU naomha it he 75
naomha i n m n i g h canonize naom h a i n m n i U naom h a i n m nithe 94
nasc tie, bind nasca d h nasctha 65
neada i g h nest neadU neadaithe 75
nea l a i g h sublimate nfalU nealaithe 75
nea m h b h a i l i g h invalidate nea m h b h a i l i U nea m h b h a i l ithe 94
neamhchothroma i g h unbalance neamhchothromU nea m h chothromaithe 75
nea m h n i g h nullifY nea m h n i U neamhnithe 94
nea rtai g h strengthen neartU neartaithe 75
neasa i g h approximate neasU neasaithe 75
neodra i g h neutralize neodrU neodraithe 75
niamh / niamhaigh bri9hten n i a m h ad h / n i a m h U n iafa / n i a m haithe 6 5 / 75
niamhghlan burnish niamhg hlanadh n i a m h g h l a nta 65 + 54
niciligh nickel niciliU n i c i l ithe 94
n i c i l ph lata i l nickel-plate n i c i l p h latail n i c i l p h lata i l te 96
295
nigh wash ni nite 76

nimhigh poison nimhiU n i m h ithe 94
nocht bare, uncover nochtadh nochta lll
n6daigh gra�. transplant n6dU n6daithe 75
nag nag nogadh nogtha 65
n6ta i 1 note n6tai l n6tai lte 96
n U i c l eata i g h nucleate n U i cleatU n U i cleata ithe 75
ob refuse, shun obadh obtha 78
6ca i d i g h use 6ca i d i U 6caidithe 38
ocl u i d i g h occlude ocl U i d i U o c l u i d ithe 38
6cra i g h ochre 6crU 6cra ithe 79
ocsaid i g h oxidize ocsaid i U ocsafd ithe 38
ocsa i g i n i g h oxygenate ocsaig i n i U ocsa i g i n ithe 38
odhraigh make dun odhru o d h raithe 79
ofra i l offer ofrai l ofra i lte 81
oibrigh operate, work oibriU o i b rithe 38
oidhrigh bequeath oidhriU o i d h rithe 38
oighrigh ice, congeal oighriU o i g h rithe 38
oil nourish, rear oiliUint oilte 77
oir suit, fit oiriUint o i rthe 77
oirircigh exalt, dignify oirirciU o i r i rcithe 38
oiris stay, wait, delay oiriseamh oi riste 77
oiriUnaigh fit, odopt o i r i (J n (J o i r i U n a ithe 79
oirmhinnigh honour, revere o i rm h i n n i U o i r m h i n n ithe 38
oirnea1 decorate oirnealadh oirnealta 78
oirnigh ordain o i r n i (J oirnithe 38
oirnigh cut in bits oirniU oirn ithe 38
61 drink 61 61ta 78
olaig h / ol a i l oil, annoint olu / olail olaithe / o l a i lte 79 / 81
ollaigh enlarge ollu ollaithe 79
olltairg mass-produce ollta i rgead h ol ltairgthe 77
onnmhairigh export onnmhairiU o n n m h a i rithe 38
on6raigh honour on6r(J on6raithe 79
6 ra i g h gild 6r(J 6raithe 79
orchra i g h wither; decay orchrU orchraithe 79
orda i g h order ord U o rdaithe 79
orla i g h sledge, hammer orl(J orlaithe 79
orna i d i g h ornament ornai d i U ornaidithe 38
ornaigh adorn, array ornU ornaithe 79
6rphlatail gold-plate 6rphlata i l 6rph lata i l te 81
oscail /foscai l U open osca ilt oscailte 80
osnaigh sigh osnafl osnaithe 79
othrasa i g h ulcerate othrasU othrasa ithe 79
6z6na i g h ozonize 6z6 n (J 6z6naithe 79
pabhai1 pave pabhail pabhi\ilte 81
pacAil pack pac;ii l pacai lte 81
pailnigh po/Ii note pai l n i U p a i l n ithe 25
painea1 pone/ painealadh pai nealta 82
pii irceA i l pork paircea i r pairceailte 81
pairtigh share pAirtiU pairtithe 25
paisigh torment paisiU paisithe 25
paisteai l patch palstea i l paisteailte 81
pa is tear pasturize paistearadh paisteartha 82
paiti n n i g h patent paiti n n i U paitinnithe 25
palata i g h palatalize pal a tu palataithe 21
panai1 pawn p a. n a i l panai lte 81
pa rai l pare p.3.r.3. i l p.3.r.3.ilte 81
parsa i l parse pa rsc3.i l parsailte 81
pa sail tread, trample pa sail pasailte 81
pa sail pass pa sail pasa i l te 81
peac sprout. shoot peacadh peactha 82
peaca i g h sin peacU peaca ithe 21
pearsa n a i g h (im)personote pea rsa n U pearsa naithe 21
pearsanta i g h personify pearsantU pearsantaithe 21
pei ntea i 1 point peinte.3. i l pei ntecJilte 81
p e i re.3.il pair peireilil peire.3.i lte 81
peirse.3. i l nag peirseail peirseailte 81
pian pain, punish pianadh p i anta 82
piard c3. i l ransack piardclil piard.3.ilte 81
pie (coot with) pitch piceadh picthe 15
picea d a i g h picket piceadU piceadaithe 81
pice.3.i l pike, pitchfork picea i l pfce.3. ilte 81
pice<1 i 1 peek picec3 i l picea i l te 81
picil pickle picilt picilte 15
296
gas/frl!amh searla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
pineigh push. thrust pinciU pi ncithe 25

piob hoarsen piobad h piobtha 82
pioc pick piocadh pioctha 82
piol6ta i g h pilot piol6tU piol6ta ithe 21
pionnAil pin pionnAil p i o n n A i lte 81
pion6sa i g h penalize, punish pion6sU pio n6saithe 21
piosA i l piece together piosA i l piosAi l te 81
p itseA i l pitch pitsea i l pitseAi lte 81
plab plop, slom plabadh p l a btha 82
plac gobble, guule plaeadh plaetha 82
plaigh plague pla pla ite 7
planail plane planail p l a n a i lte 81
plane beat, pommel planeadh pla netha 82
planeg h a i b h n i g h drop-forge planeghaibhniu planegha i b h n ithe 25
plandaigh plont (hort. ) plandu plandaithe 21
plandail plant, colonize plandail plandailte 81
plastra i l plaster p lastra i l plastra i lte 81
platail plote platail platai lte 81
plata n a i g h platinize plata n u platanaithe 21
pleadail plead, wrangle pleada i l pleadai lte 81
pleanilil pion pleanilil pleanti.i lte 81
p l ease explode, burst p l easeadh p l easetha 82
plea tail pleat p l eata i l pleatailte 81
pleigh discuss pie p l eite 66
pl6da i g h crowd, throng plodu pl6daithe 21
plue p u ffout. bulge plueadh pl uctha 82
plucail pluck, swindle plucail plucailte 81
plueh smother p l uehadh p l u e hta 82
p l u ra i g h effloresce p l U rU p l U raithe 21
pocil. i l strike, puck pocil. i l pocil. i l te 81
pocleim buck-jump pocleim neach poeleimthe 15
podsa l a i g h podzolize podsa l u podsalaithe 21
p6g kiss p6gadh p6gtha 82
poibligh make public poibliu poiblithe 25
p6ilinigh police p6iliniU p6ilinithe 25
poi nteil. i l point poi nteil i l poi nteililte 81
poi nteil i l (ix, appoint poi nteil i l poi nteil.i lte 81
po it poke, nudge poitea d h poite 108
polara i g h polarize polaru polaraithe 21
poll puncture, pierce polladh poll ta 82
ponea i g h punctuate, dot poncU poncaithe 21
poncloisc cauterize poncloscadh poncloiscthe 15
p6ra i g h grow from seed p6rU p6raithe 21
porta i g h steep(µox) portU portaithe 21
p6s marry p6sadh pasta 82
postai g h (appoint to) post postU posta ithe 21
pasta i i post, mail pasta i i posta i lte 81
posta l a i d i g h postulate posta l il i d i U postalaid ithe 25
potbhiathaigh spoon-feed potbhiathu potbhiathaithe 21
pra i b doub praibea d h praibthe 15
p ramsti.il prance, frolic p ramsilil pramsililte 81
p ramsilil crunch, gobble pramsilil prams.3.ilte 81
p ra p a i l prepare, titivate pra p a i l prapailte 81
prti. s il i l braze, foist pr.3.s.3. i l pr.3.s.3. i lte 81
preab start, bound prea badh preabtha 82
preach perish (cold) preachadh preachta 82
preas.3 i l press, conscript preasili l preasililte 81
preas.3. i l press preas.3.il preas.3. i lte 81
prime.3. i l prime prime.3 i l prime.3i lte 81
price prick, prod prioea d h prioetha 82
priont.3 i l print priont.3.il priontililte 81
p riosU n a i g h imprison priosU n U priosUnaithe 21
profa i g h proof profu profaithe 21
p r6 i seil i l process pr6ise.3. i l pr6ise.3ilte 81
p r6is i g h process pr6 i s i U pr6isithe 25
pr61a ifeara i g h proliferate pr61aifearU pr61a ifearaithe 21
promh prove, test pro m h a d h profa 82
pudraigh pulverize p U d rU p u d raithe 21
plidr.3il (apply) powder p U d r3 i l p U d rili lte 81
p u i nsea i l punch p u i nseil i l p u i nseai lte 81
p U itse.3.i l rumage p U itseil i l p U itsec3. i lte 81
pule stuff. gorge pulcadh p u letha 82
pumpail pump p u m pa i l p u m pa i lte 81
pupaigh pupate pupu p u paithe 21
297
purgaigh purge p u rg u p u rgaithe 21

p u rpara i g h purple p u rparU p u rparaithe 21
racail rack, beat raca i l raca ilte 96
racai l rake raccii l raccii l te 96
rad give, frolic rad a d h rad ta 65
rada i g h radiate rad U radaithe 75
rad l a i g h lap-joint rad l u radlaithe 75
ra iceciil wreck ra iceciil raicecii lte 96
raifleciil raffle rai fl eci i l raifleciilte 96
ra m h a i g h raw(baat) rci mhaiocht rcimhaithe 75
ra mhraigh fatten ra m h rU ram h ra ithe 75
ra n g a i g h classify, grade ra n g U rangaithe 75
ran n p hairtigh participate ran n p h a i r t i U ran n p h .3 i rtithe 94
ransa i g h ransack ra nsU ransaithe 75
raon ci i l range rao n c1 i l rao n .3. i lte 96
rapc1il rap ra pail rapai lte 96
rasci i l race, groove rasci i l rasci i lte 96
raspciil rasp raspail rasp.3.i lte 96
r.3.ti3 i l rate r.3.t.3.i l r.3.tc1 i lte 96
rath a i g h prosper, thrive rathU rathaithe 75
rath a i g h perceive rath u rathaithe 75
rath a i g h guarantee ri3t h U rcithaithe 75
rathaigh shoal (fish) rathaiocht rathaithe 75
rea b tear, burst rea badh reabtha 65
reachta i g h legislate reachtU reachtaithe 75
rea d a i g h make real rea d U readaithe 75
readt i o m n a i g h devise readtio m n U readtiomnaithe 75
real manifest real a d h rea l ta 65
rea mhaithris predict, foretell reamhaithris rea mhaithriste 1 04
rea m h bhearta i g h premeditate rea m h bheartU r. bheartaithe 75
reamhcheap preconceive reamhcheapadh rea m h c heaptha 65
rea m h c h i n n predestine rea m h c h i nneadh rea m h c h i n nte 84
rea m h c h i n nt i g h predetermine rea m h c h i n nt i U rea m h c h i n ntithe 94
rea m h d hata i g h antedate ream h d hatu ream h d h ataithe 75
rea m h d hean prefabricate rea m h d heanamh ream h d heanta 65
ream hfhiora i g h prefigure rea mhfhiorU reamhfhioraithe 75
ream h g h a b h anticipate rea m h g h a b h a i l rea m h g hafa 65
rea m h g h iorra i g h foreshorten rea m h g h iorrU rea m h g h iorraithe 75
rea m h i n i s predict rea m h i n s i n t rea m h i nste 60
rea m h ioc prepay rea m h ioc ream h loctha 65
ream h leag premise rea m h leagan ream h l eagtha 65
ream horda i g h pre-ordinate rea m h ordU rea m ho rdaithe 75 + 79
reamhshocra i g h pre-arrange rea m h s h ocrU rea m h shocraithe 75 + 95
rea m h t h e i l g precast reamhtheilgean reamhtheilgthe 84
rea s U n a i g h reason rea s U n U rea s U n a ithe 75
rfchas twist slowly rechasadh rechasta 65 + 19
reic sell, trade reic rel ct he 67
rfi m n i g h conjugate rei m n i U rel m n ithe 94
reith rut, tup reitheadh reite 83
rfitigh smooth, settle reiteac h reitithe 94
reoi g h freeze reo rec ite 45
resc a i p diffuse (light) resca ipeadh rescaipthe 84
riagh rack, torture riag hadh riaghtha 65
rialaigh rule, govern rialU rialaithe 75
riall rend, tear rialladh riallta 65
rian a i g h trace, gauge rianU rianaithe 75
riar administer riar riartha 65
riastci i l pog, furrow riastcii l riastciilte 96
rib snare ribeadh rib the 84 + 28
rigeail rig rige.3il rige.3ilte 96
ri g h stretch, tauten rioch a n rite 76
rig h enthrone ri rfthe 22
rig h n i g h toughen rig h n i U rig h n ithe 94
rill riddle, sieve rilleadh ril lte 84 + 28
rinc dance rince rincthe 84 + 28
rindre.3.il render r i n d rec1i l r i n d re.3ilte 96
rinseciil rinse rinseci i l rinseciilte 96
riochta i g h adapt, condition riochtU riochtaithe 75
rio m h count, reckon rio m h a d h riofa 65
rio n a i g h queen (chess) rio n U rionaithe 75
rionn carve, engrave rionnadh rion nta 65
rith run rith rite 83
robc1il rob robc1il robc1ilte 96
r6bclil robe r6bciil r6bc1ilte 96
298
gas;treamh searla ainm briathartha aid iacht bhr. briathar gaolta
roe wrinkle, crease rocadh roctha 65

rod rot rodad h rod ta 65
r6dc3. i l moor. anchor r6dc3.il r6dc3. i l te 96
r6ghearr over-cut r6g h earra d h r6g h earrtha 65
rog h n a i g h choose, select rog h n u rog h naithe 94
roi n n , ran n U divide roinnt roi n nte 84
rois unravel, tear roiseadh roiste 84 + 28
roisin i g h resin roisin i U roisinithe 94
rol l roll rol l a d h rol l ta 65
rol l a i g h enrol, empanel rol l LI rol laithe 75
r61uchtaigh overload r61ucht0 r61 uchtaithe 75
r6m h a i r dig (ground) r6m h a r r6mhartha 24
rap thrust, stab ropadh roptha 65
r6shea l b h a i g h overhold r6shea l b h u r6shea l bhaithe 75
r6st roast r6stad h r6sta 111
rot h a i g h cycle rothaiocht rothaithe 75
roth l a i g h rotate, whirl rot h l u roth laithe 75
ruad h 6 i g h scorch ruadh6 ruadh6ite 33
ruaig chase ruaigeadh ruaigthe 84 + 28
ruaigh redden ruachan ruaite 26
rua i m n i g h dye red rua i m n i U ruaimnithe 94
rualoisc scorch rualoscadh rualoiscthe 84 + 28
rubara i g h rubberize rubarU rubaraithe 75
rUisc bark, strip rUscad h rUiscthe 84 + 28
ruith n i g h illum inate ruith n i U ruithnithe 94
r U nscriobh cipher rUnscriobh rUnscriofa 88
rUtc3. i l root r0tc3. i l rUtc3.i lte 96
sabh saw sabhadh sata go
sabhai1 save soibhoiil sabhai lte 85
sac sock, bag, pack saca d h sactha 90
sacc3.i l sack, dismiss sacai l sacc3. i lte 85
sad hlasaigh ensilage sad hlasU sadhlasaithe 95
sadri3il solder sadrc3. i l sadri3ilte 85
saibhrigh enrich saibhriU saibhrithe 92
saibhsea i l test depth saibhsea i l saibhsei3ilte 85
saigh go tawards saighe saig hte 91
saigh thrust, stab sa / sathadh saite 7
saighid incite, provoke saighdeadh saighdte lch 264 / 7
saighneail sign saighneail saigh neai lte 85
saighneail shine salghneail saigh nei3ilte 85
saill salt, cure sailleadh sail lte 91
saimhrigh quieten, smooth saimhriU s a i m h rithe 92
sainaithin identify sainaithint saina itheanta 2
sainigh specify, define sai n i U sainithe 92
sainmhinigh define sai n m hin i U sai n m h inithe 92
sainnigh trap, check sai n n i U s a i n n ithe 92
sainoidhrigh entail sainoidhriU s a i n o i d h rithe 92
s a i rsi n g i g h press, force sairsi n g i U sa i rsi ngithe 92
saith i g h sate, satiate saithiU saithithe 92
salaigh dirty, defile salU salaithe 95
samhaigh clam, get sleepy samhU samhaithe 95
sa m h a i lchomharth a i g h symbolize, typify samhailchomharthU s a m h a i l c h o m h a rthaithe 95
samhlaigh imagine sa m h l U samhlaithe 95
samhraigh (pass) summer s a m h rU samhraithe 95
sam p l a i l sample samplail samplai lte 85
sa n n assign sannadh sannta 90
santa i g h covet, desire santU santaithe 95
saobh slant, twist saobhadh saofa 90
saoirsigh work stone etc. sao i rs i U saoirsithe 92
saoirs i g h cheapen saoirsiU saoirsithe 92
sao l a i g h be born saolU saolaithe 95
saor free. save saora d h saortha 90
saorg h l a n purge, purify saorg h l a n a d h saorg h l a nta 90 + 54
saot h ra i g h earn, toil saothrU saothraithe 95
sara i g h violate, thwart saru saraithe 95
sars h a i t h i g h supersaturate sarsha i t h i U sarshc3.ithlthe 92
sarthad h a i l l osculate sartha d h a l l sarthadhal lta 89
sasa i g h satisfy sasa m h sasta 95
sata i l tramp satai l t sata i l te 89
scab u = sca i p scatter scabadh scabtha 88
scag stroin, filter sca g a d h scagtha 88
sca g d h e a l a i g h dialyse sca g d h e a l u scagdhealaithe 86
sea i n crack, split sca ineadh scai nte 87
sca i p / scab U scatter scai pead h / scabadh sca i pthe / scabtha 87 / 88
299
gas/treamh eearla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
sca i rd squirt, gush sca i rdeadh sca i rdte 87

sca i rt call scai rtea d h , ag sca irtigh U scairte 108
seal burst out, nash sca l a d h seal ta 88
sca l a i g h scale sca 1 u scalaithe 86
sea II scald, scold sca l l a d h sca l l ta 88
sca m a l l a i g h cloud (over) sea ma I I Li scamallaithe 86
sca m h peel, scale sca m h a d h scafa 88
scan scan sca n a d h sca n ta 88
sca n n a l a i g h scandalize sca n n a l li sca nnalaithe 86
sca n n a n a i g h film sca n n a n u sca n nanaithe 86
scanraigh scare, frighten scanrU scanraithe 86
sea ob scoop scaobad h scaobtha 88
scaoil loose(n), shoot scaoileadh scaoi lte 87
scar part, separate scara d h . -rliint sea rt ha 88
scarb h a i l crust, harden sca rbha i 1 sca rbhailte 96
scars h i li nta i g h splice scarsh i U n t U scars h i U ntaithe 86
sea.ta i l skate sea.ta i l scata i lte 96
scath a i g h shade, screen sea.th LI scathaithe 86
scathcheil screen scathcheilt scathchei lte 87
scath l i n i g h shade scat h l f n i U scat h l fnithe 94
scead cut patch in sceadadh sceadta 88
scea l a i g h relate sceal U scea laithe 86
scea l p splinter. noke scea l pa d h scea l ptha 88
scea m h yelp, squeal scea m h a d h sceafa 88
scean knife, stob scea nadh sceanta 88
sceathra i g h spew, spawn sceathrU seeath raithe 86
scei m h l i g h terrorize scei m h l i U scei m h l ithe 94
sceith vomit, spawn sceitheadh sceite 87 + 1 6
seeitsea i l sketch sceitsea i l sceitsea ilte 83
sceo i g h wither, wilt sceo sceoite 45
sciail ski sciail sciai lte 96
scia m h a i g h beautify scia m h U sciamhaithe 86
sci a th screen sciathadh sciata 69
sci I shell, chatter scileadh scilte 87
sci l l i g shell, husk scilligeadh scill igthe 67
scimeail skim scimea i l scimeai lte 96
scimpeail skimp scimpeail s c i m peailte 96
scinceail pour off, decant scincea i l seinceailte 96
scinn start, spring seinneadh scin nte 87
sci ob snatch sciobadh sciobtha 88
scioll enuc/eate, scold sciolladh sciol lta 88
sciomair scour, scrub sciomra d h sciomartha 89
sciorr slip, slide sciorradh sciorrtha 88
sciorta i l skirt seiorta i l sciorta i lte 96
sciot snip, clip, crop sciota d h sciota 88 + 5
scipeail skip sci pea. i i scipeailte 96
scirmisigh skirmish scirmisiU scirmisithe 94
/ sc i rmisea i l / scirmisea i l / sc i rm i sea i lte /96
scit h i g h become tired scit h i U sdthithe 94
sci Lich / sc i U c h a i g h throttle scilichadh / sc i U c h U scilichta / scilichaithe 88 / 86
sci U r scour, lash sci U ra d h scilirtha 88
sci u rd rush, dart sclurdadh sciurdta 88
s c i U rs.3.il scourge, nag sciU rsa i l sci U rsailte 96
sclamh snap at, abuse scla m h a d h sclafa 88
sclar cut up, tear sclaradh scl.3.rtha 88
sclog gulp, gasp sclogadh sclogtha 88
scoba i l scutch scobladh scobailte 89
sc6ig throttle sc6igeadh sc6igthe 87
scoilt split scoiltea d h scoilte 1 08 + 87
sco i r unyoke scar scortha 87
scoith cut off. wean scoitheadh scoite 1 8 + 87
seal call, shout scoladh scolta 88
sc61 scold sc61adh sc61ta 88
scol bail scallop sco l b a i l seolbai lte 96
scan strip, neece sco n a d h scan ta 88
scar slash, slice scora d h scar th a 88
seora i l release scora i l scor.3 i lte 96
sc6ra i t score sc6r.3 i l sc6ra i lte 96
scoth-thriomaigh rough-dry clothes scoth-thriomU scoth-thriomaithe 86 + 11 2
sc6tra i 1 hack, mangle sc6tra i 1 sc6tr.3i lte 96
scrabti i l scrawl, scratch scr.3 b .3 i l scrclbAi lte 96
scra b h scratch, scrape scra b h a d h scrafa 88
scraith strip sward scrathadh scraite 1 8 + 87
screach screech, shriek screachach screachta 88
300
gas/frl!amh eearla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
scread scream screadach screadta 88

screa m h a i g h encrust, fur screa m h U screa m h a ithe 86
screa m h c h r u a i g h case-harden s . c h ruachan screa m h c h ruaite 26
serfob scrape scrfobadh scriobtha 88
scriobh write scriobh scriofa 88
series destroy, ruin scriosadh scriosta 88
scri U .3 i l screw scri U .3 i l scri U .3 i lte g6
scrobh scramble (egg) scrobhadh scrofa 88
scrUd try, torment scrUdadh scrUdta 88
scrU d a i g h examine scrUdU scrUdaithe 86
scuab brush scuabadh scuabtha 88
scuch go, deport scuchadh scuchta 88
scu itse.3 i l scutch scu itse.3 i l scu itse.3 i lte g6
seachaid deliver, pass seachadadh seachadta g3
sea chain avoid, evade seachaint seachanta 89
seachr.3 n a i g h go astray, err seachr.3.nU seach r.3.naithe g5
seachr6da i g h shunt seachr6dU seachr6daithe g5
seachthreora i g h by-poss seachthreorU seachthreoraithe g5
seachtra i g h exteriorize seachtrU seachtraithe g5
sead blow, wheeze seadadh seadta go
sea d a i g h settle(down) seadU seada ithe g5
sea d .3. n a i g h parasitize sea d .3. n U seadanaithe g5
sea l a i g h seal sea 1 u sealaithe g5
sea l b h a i g h possess, gain sea l b h u sea l b h a ithe g5
sea m a i g h rivet seamU seamaithe g5
sea m .3. i l rabbet, groove sea m .3. i l seam.3.i lte 85
sea m h ra i g h hurry, bustle sea m h r U seamhraithe g5
sean mark with sign sea nadh seanta go
sean deny, refuse sea nadh seanta go
sea n g a i g h slim, grow thin sea n g U seangaithe g5
sea ns.3.il chance. risk sea n s .3. i l seans.3.ilte 85
seap.3.n Japan(ize) sea p .3. n a d h seapi3.nta go
searbhai g h sour. embitter searbhU searbhaithe g5
searg waste, wither seargadh seargtha go
seam order, array searnadh searntha go
searr stretch, extend searra d h searrtha go
seas stand, last, keep seasa m h seasta 90
seice.3. i l check seice.3. i l seice.3.ilte 85
seid blow seideadh seidte gl
seift i g h devise, provide seift i U seiftithe g2
seilg hunt, chase seilg seilgthe gl
sei l i g h spit sei l i U seilithe g2
sei m h i g h thin, aspirate sei m h i U sei m h ithe g2
sei n n play (music) sei n m sein nte gl
seirbheilil serve seirbhe.3 i l seirbheil i l te 85
seith i g h skin seit h i U seithithe g2
seol sail, send seo l a d h seolta go
siabhair bewitch s i a b h ra d h siabhartha 8g
sil drip, drop sileadh silte gl
sfl think, consider silea d h , -lstea n . U sflte gl
si l-leag deposit (geol.) si l-leagan sil-leagtha 90
silicigh silicify siliciU s i l icithe g2
sill look, glance s i l leadh s i l lte gl
simpligh simplify simpliU s i m p l ithe g2
sin stretch sineadh sinte 91
sincigh zincify sinciU sincithe g2
s i ndeacilitigh syndicate si ndeac.3.itiU s i ndeacaitithe g2
sin igh sign sin i U sinithe 92
s i nteis i g h synthesize sinteisiU si nteisithe 92
siob drift, Ii� siobadh sfobtha go
sioc freeze sioc sioctha go
siof6n siphon siof6nadh s iof6nta go
siog streak, cancel sioga d h siogtha go
siog a i g h fail. fade away sfogU sfogaithe g5
sio l a i g h seed, sow sio l U sfolaithe g5
sio l c h u i r sow, propagate sfo l c h u r sio l c h u rtha 28
siolp suck, milk dry siolpadh siol ptha go
siolraigh breed sfolrU sfolraithe g5
siombalaigh symbolize siombalU siombalaithe g5
sionc6 i p i g h syncopate sionc6 i p i U sionc6ipithe 92
sioncr6 n a i g h synchronize sioncr6nU sioncr6naithe g5
sionsa i g h deloy, linger sionsU sionsaithe g5
sfora i g h perpetuate sforU siora ithe g5
siorc jerk s iorca d h siorctha go
301
gas/freamh aearla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
siorta i g h ransack, search siortU siortaithe 95

siorta i l mistreat siorta i l siortailte 85
sios hiss siosadh siesta 90
siosc cut, clip sioscadh siosctha 90
siosc sizzle, whisper sioscadh siosctha 90
siosta l a i g h hackle siosta l U siostalaithe 95
sfoth a i g h pacify sioth U sfothaithe g5
sioth l a i g h strain, settle siot h l u siothlaithe 95
sir transverse, ask s i readh s i rthe 91
sisea1 chisel sisea l a d h s isealta 90
siUcraigh saccharify, sugar s i UcrU s i Ucraithe 95
siUil walk, travel siUI siU lta 93
s i U nt shunt s i u ntadh s i U nta 111
s i U ntaigh jo;nt s i U ntU s i U ntaithe g5
/siUnta i l , s i u n d a i l / si U ntail / si U nta i l te /85
slac bat slacadh slactha 90
slachta i g h finish, tidy slachtU slachtaithe g5
slad raid, plunder slad sladta 90
slaidh smite, slay slaidhe slaid hte gl
slaiseail slash, lash slaiseail s l a i seailte 85
slam tease (wool) slamadh slilmtha 90
s l il m il i l pluck, gather slamail sl.3m.3i lte 85
slanaigh make whole sianu slanaithe 95
slaod mow down slaodadh slaodta 90
slaon tease(wool) slaonadh slaonta go
slat beat with rod slata d h slata 111
slata i l beat with rod slata i l slatailte 85
s l eabhac draap, fade sleabhcadh sleabhctha l c h 264 / 7
become /imp shleabhcfa d h s h l eabhcadh p . 264 / 7
sleacht cut down. fell sleachtadh s l eachta 111
sleacht kneel, genupect sleachtadh sleachta 111
slea i g h spear slea sleaite 7
slea m h n a i g h slip, slide sleam h n U sleamhnaithe g5
sliacht sleek, stroke sliachtadh sl iachta 111
Sligh c u t down, fell sli sl ite g1
sliob rub, smooth sliobadh s l iobtha go
s l foc sleek, smoath sliocadh s l ioctha go
sl iochta i g h lick clean sliochtu sl iochtaithe g5
sliom smooth, polish sliomadh s l fomtha go
sliop snatch sliopadh s l i o ptha go
slis beetle, beat s l iseadh s l i ste 91
sl6cht hoarsen sl6chtadh sl6chta 111
slog swallow slogadh slog th a go
slog mobilize sl6gadh sl6gtha go
sloinn tell, state name sloinneadh s l o i n nte 91
s l u a isteil i l shovel, scoop s l u a isteA i l s l u a i steAilte 85
sl uaistri g h earth, mould s l u a i striU s l u a i strithe 92
smachta i g h control, restrain smachtU smachtaithe 86
smailc gabble, puff smailceadh s m a i l cthe 87
smailc smack smailceadh s m a i l cthe 87
smalaigh tarnish, stain sma1u smalaithe 86
smaoi nigh think smaoineamh smaoinithe 94
smeach Pip, Pick, gasp smeachadh smeachta 88
smeadra i l smear, daub smeadra i l smeadriiilte g6
smear smear, smudge smearadh smeartha 88
smeid wink, signal smeideadh smeidte 87
smid dress, make-up smideadh sm idte 87
smfocht smite, wallop smiochtadh smiochta 111
smiog pass out, die smiogadh sm iogtha 88
s m iot hit, smite sm iota d h smiota 111
s m fst paund, cudgel smistea d h s m fste 108
smol blight smoladh smolta 88
s m U d il i l smooth, iron smUdAil s m U d il i lte g6
s m u i g leAil smuggle s m u i g leail s m u i g leailte g6
s m u itigh beclaud, darken smUitiU s m U itithe 94
smUr sniff s m U ra d h s m U rtha 88
smut truncate smutadh sm uta 111
snaidhm knot, entwine s n a i d h meadh s n a i d h mthe gl
sn.3ith sip snilthadh snilite 18
snaithigh grain snAith i U sn.3ithithe 92
snamh peel snamhadh snafa go
snamh swim, crawl snamh snafa go
snap snap, snatch snapadh snaptha go
snasaigh polish, gloss snasU snasaithe 95
302
snigec1il snuffout, die snigec1il sni gec1ilte 85

snigh pour down sni snite 97
sniog milk dry, droin sniogadh sniogtha 90
sniomh spin. twist sniomh sniofa 90
snoigh cut, hew snoi snoite 97
soc ht become silent sochtadh sochta 111
socra i g h settle, arrange socrU socraithe 95
soifn i g h snivel, whine soifn i U soifnithe 92
s6igh mutate s6 s6ite 33
soileirigh clarify soileiriU saireirithe 92
soilsigh shine soilsiU soilsithe 92
soi n n i g h press, force soi n n i U soinnithe 92
s6insec1il change s6insec1il s6insec1ilte 85
soiprigh nestle, snuggle soipriU soiprithe 92
soirb h i g h make easy soirb h i U soirbhithe 92
soiscea l a i g h preach gospel soiscea l U soiscealaithe 95
s6isialaigh socialize s6isia1 U s6isialaithe 95
solad a i g h solidity soladu soladaithe 95
s61c1sa i g h console, cheer s61c1sU s61c1saithe 95
solc1thai r provide solc1thar solathartha 89
sol l U n a i g h solemnize sol I U n LI sol l U naithe 95
soncc1 i l thrust, nudge soncc1il soncc1ilte 85
sondc1 i l sound sondc1il sond.3i lte 85
sonn impale, press sonnadh son nta 90
sonra i g h specify, notice sonrU sonraithe 95
sop light with straw sopadh soptha 90
sorc h a i g h light, enlighten sorc h U sorchaithe 95
s6rtc1 i l sort s6rtc1 i l s6rtc1ilte 85
spadhar enrage s p a d h ra d h spadhartha l c h 264 / 7
spagail walk clumsily spagail spagailte 96
spaill check, rebuke spailleadh spail lte 87
spairn fight, spor spairneadh spairnthe 87
spa II scorch, shrivel spalladh spallta 88
spallaigh gollet spallu spallaithe 86
spalp burst forth spalpadh spalptha 88
sp.3r.3 i l spare spa.ra i l spara i lte 96
sparr bar, bolt, secure sparradh sparrtha 88
spa.sa i l space spa.sa i l spasa ilte g6
speach kick, recoil speachadh speachta 88
speal mow, scythe spealadh spealta 88
spear spear, pierce speara d h speartha 88
speice.3 i l knock stiff speice.3 i l speicec1 i l te 96
speir hamstring speiread h speirthe 87
spicec1 i l spike, nail spicec1i l spfcec1 ilte g6
spid i g h revile, slander spfd i U spidithe 94
spion tease. comb spionadh spionta 88
spionn animate, enliven spionnadh spion nta 88
spiosra i g h spice, navour spfosrU spfosraithe 86
spladhsail splice spladhsail s p l a d h sai lte 96
splanc nosh, spork splancadh spla nctha 88
spleach glance spleachadh spleachta 88
spleantrc1 i l splinter, chip spleantra i l spleantr.3 i lte 96
spoch castrate, geld spochadh spochta 88
sp61 cut intojoints sp61adh sp61ta 88
spar spur, incite spora d h sportha 88
sp6ra i g h sporu/ate sp6rU sp6raithe 86
spotc1 i l spot, locate spot<3. i l spotil i l te 96
spraeii i l spray spraec1 i l sprae.3 i lte 96
s p reach spark spreachadh s p reachta 88
s p reach a l l a i g h spatter, sprinkle spreachal l u spreacha l la ithe 86
spreag urge, inspire s p reagadh spreagtha 88
sprei g h spread s p re / sprea d h s p reite 66
s p rioc mark out, stake spriocadh s prioctha 88
spriUch losh out, kick spriuchadh spriUchta 88
spruigec1il sprig, embroider spruigec1il spruigec1i lte 96
spru i l l crumble sprUilleadh sprUil lte 87
s p U i nsec1 i l sponge s p U i nseiiil s p U i nsec1ilte 96
srac pull, tear sracadh sractha 90
sraithra n n a i g h ordinate sra i t h ra n n U sraithra n naithe 95
sram discharge, run s ra m a d h sramtha 90
sra n n snore, wheeze sra n n a d h sran nta 90
srao i l l nog, tear aport sraoi l leadh srao i l lte 91
sraon pull, drag sraon a d h sraonta 90
srathaigh strotity srathU srathaithe 95
303
I
,.

srath n a i g h spread srat h n U srathnaithe 95

srat h ra i g h harness srathrU srath raithe 95
srea bh stream. now srea b h a d h sreafa go
srea ng drag, wrench srea ngadh srea ngtha 90
srea n g a i g h wire srea n g U sreangaithe 95
sreangtharra i n g wire-draw srea ngtharra i n g t s . tharraingthe 1 04
srian bridle, curb sria nadh sria nta 90
sroich reach sroicheadh sroichte 91
sro i g h l l l = sra o i l l scourge sro i g h l e a d h sro i g heal lta 102
srutha i g h stream, now sruthU sruthaithe 95
sruth l a i g h rinse, nush sruth l u sruthlaithe 95
stad stop, halt, stay stad stadta 88
stai rsea i l starch sta i rse.3 i l stil i rse.3 ilte 96
staitsi g h stage st.3itsi0 sta itsithe 94
sta l a i g h season, toughen sta l u sta laithe 86
sta l e set, harden sta lcadh sta l ctha 88
stampail stamp stampail sta m pa i lte 96
stan stare sta n a d h stanta 88
st.i n a i g h tin, coat with t. sta n u sta naithe 86
st.3 n il i l beat, trounce sta n a i l stan .3. l lte 96
sta ng dowel sta n g a d h sta ngtha 88
sta ng bend, sag sta n g a d h sta ngtha 88
sta n p h lata i l tin-plate sta n p h larail sta n p h lata i l te 96
staon abstain, desist staonadh staonta 88
sta p l a i l staple sta p l a i l sta p l a i lte 96
stea g a i g h season (wood) steagu steagaithe 86
steal I splash, pour stea l l a d h steal l ta 88
steanc squirt, splash steancadh stea nctha 88
steiri l i g h sterilize stei r i l i li steirilithe 94
stia l l strip, slice sti a l l a d h stial lta 88
stileail Style stHea i l stfleailte 96
stil i g h stylize stH i li stil ithe 94
stiug expire, perish sti u g a d h stiugtha 88
sti li i r direct, steer stiliradh sti li rtha 93 + 88
stobh stew stobhadh stofa 88
st6ca i l stoke st6ca i 1 st6ca i l te 96
st6 i n s i g h make staunch st6 i n s i li st6insithe 94
stoith pull, uproot stoitheadh stoite 1 8 + 87
stoith i n tousle (hair) stoithneadh stoithi nte 102
Sto l l tear, rend sto l l a d h stollta 88
Sto l p become stodgy stolpadh stolptha 88
stop stop, halt, stay stopadh stoptha 88
st6rai 1 store st6rai 1 st6ra H te 96
straeail go ostroy straea i l straeai lte 96
stra i d h neail strain stra i d h neail stra i d h n e .3. i l te 96
stra i d h peai l stripe stra i d h peail stra i d h peailte 96
stra p a i l strap stra p a i l strap.3.i lte 96
streachail pull, struuggle streachailt streachai lte 89
striae strike, lower strfocad h strfoctha 88
str6ic stroke, tear str6iceadh str6icthe 87
stroi g h n i g h cement stro i g h n i li stro i g h n ithe 94
stro m p stiffen, harden stro m p a d h stro m ptha 88
stru ipe.3.il strip stru ipe.3.il stru i pe.3.ilte 96
strustu irsig h fatigue strust u i rs i O strustu i rsithe 94 + 114
stu.3. i l stow, pack stu a i l stuai lte 87
stua m a i g h calm down stua m li stuamaithe 86
stuc stook (corn) stucadh stuctha 88
stu m p .3. i l stump stu m p .3. i l stu m pa i lte g6
suaimhnigh quiet, pacify suai m h n i li s u a i m h n ithe 92
suaith mix, knead suaitheadh suaite 1 8 + 90
suaithnigh indicate suaithniO suaithnithe 92
s u a n b h ruith simmer s u a n b h ruith s u a n b h ru i te 1 8 + 90
suaraigh demean s u a rU suaraithe 95
subhaigh rejoice subhu subhaithe 95
s u bsta i n subsist substa i neadh s u bsta i nte 91
suigh absorb, suck SU sli ite 16
suigh sit sui suite 97
s u ime.3.il integrate s u i m e cl i l s u i mec3.ilte 85
suimigh odd (�gures) suimiO s u i m ithe 92
s u i m i ntigh cement s u i m i nt i O s u i m i ntithe 92
s li i ste.3. i l nail, thrash s li i ste.3.i l s li i stea i l te 85
s u itea i l instal s u ite.3. i l s u ite.3. i lte 85
s u lfaitigh sulphate su lfaitiU su lfaitithe 92
s u n c .3. i l sink, invest s u n c .3. i l s u ncailte 85
304
gas/freamh searla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathar gaolta
s U ra i c suck (down) s U rac s U raicthe 1 04 p 264 / 7

ta b h a i g h earn, desrve tabhu tabhaithe 112
tabhair give tabhairt tugtha 98
tablaigh tabulate, table tablu tablaithe 112
taca i g h support, back tacU tacaithe 112
taca i r glean, gather tacar tacartha 99
tac ht choke, strangle tachta d h tachta 111
tac1 a i 1 tackle tac 1 a i 1 taclailte 81
tacm h a i n g reach, extend tacm h a n g tacmhaingthe 113
tad h a i l l contact. touch tad h a l l tadhalta 99
tafa i n n bark tafa n n tafa n nta lch 264 / 7
tagair refer, allude tagairt tagartha 99
taibhrigh dream. show tai b h reamh taibhrithe 114
taibhsigh loom, appear ta i b h s i U taibhsithe 114
taifead record taifeadadh taifeadta 105
taifigh see toithmhigh analyse taifiu taifithe 114
taighd poke, probe ta i g h d e taigh dte 113
ta i n s i g h reproach tainseamh tainsithe 114
tair demean tairea d h tairthe 113
ta i r b h i g h benefit, profit tairbhiU tairb h i g h 114
tairg offer. attempt tairiscint tairgthe 113
tairg produce tairgeadh tairgthe 113
tairis stop, stay tairiseamh tairiste 15
tai r i s n i g h trust, rely on ta i r i s n i U tairisnithe 114
tairneail nail tairneail tairnea i l te 81
ta i r n g i r foretell, promise tairngreacht tairngirthe 102
taisc lay up, store taisceadh taiscthe 113
taiscea1 explore taiscea l a d h taiscealta 105
taisealbh assign, ascribe taisea l b h a d h taisealfa 105
tai s l i g h deliquesce ta i s l i U taislithe 114
taispea in show taispeaint taispe&nta 100
taisrigh damp, moisten taisriU taisrithe 114
taistil trallel taisteal taistealta 101
taith i g h frequent taith i U taithithe 114
taith m h i g h dissolve, annul taith m h each taith m h ithe 114
taitin shine taitneamh taitnithe 102
ta1 yield milk ta1 ta I ta 105
ta l l take away, lop talladh tall ta 105
ta l m h a i g h dig (oneself) i n tal m h u talmhaithe 112
tamai1 make sluggish ta m a i l tamailte 81
tam h a i n truncate tam h n a m h tamhanta 99
tanaigh thin, dilute ta n U tanaithe 112
tao b h a i g h approach, trust taobhu taobhaithe 112
taobhrian offset taobhrianadh taobhrianta 105
ta om pour off, boil taomadh taomtha 105
taosa i g h paste taosU taosaithe 112
taosc bail, pump out taosca d h taosctha 105
tapa i g h quicken, grasp tapu tapaithe 112
ta pail tap tapail tapailte 81
tar come teach t /theacht tagtha 103
tarathra i g h bore with auger tarathrU tarathraithe 112
tarca i s n i g h scorn, affront tarcai s n i U tarcaisnithe 114
tarchei m n i g h transcend tarchei m n i U tarchei m n ithe 114
tarc h u i r remit, refer tarc h u r tarc h u rtha 28
tarfh u a i g h overcast tarfh u a i l tarfh uaite fua i g h
tarl a i g h happen, occur tarlU tarlaithe 112
tarl a i g h haul, garner tarlU tarlaithe 112
tarra i l tar tarra i l tarra ilte 81
tarraing pull, draw tarraingt tarraingthe 104
tarram hacad a m a i g h tarmacadam tarra m hacad a m U tarra m r acadamaithe 112
tarrthail rescue, deliver tarrthii i l tarrthai lte 81
tarscaoil waive tarscaoi l ead h tarscaoilte 87
tastai 1 taste, sample tasta i 1 tasta ilte 81
tath a i g h weld, unite tath u tathaithe 112
tathanta i g h urge, incite tathantU tathantaithe 112
tathaoir find fault with tathaoir tathaoirthe 113
tat u .3 i l tattoo tat u a i l tatuililte 81
teacht hold, enjoy teachta d h teachta 111
teacht freeze, congeal teachtad h teachta 111
teagasc teach, instruct teagasc teagasctha 105
tea g l a m a i g h collect, combine tea g l a m u teaglamaithe 112
teag m h a i g h chance. meet tea g m h a i l teag mhaithe 112
tealta i g h creep, slink tea ltu tealtaithe 112
tea n g a i g h tongue tea n g u teangaithe 112
305
tea n g l a i g h joggle tea n g l u tea n g l a ithe 112

teann tighten teannadh teannta 105
teannta i g h hem i n , corner teanntU tea nntaithe 112
tearca i g h decrease tearcU tearcaithe 112
tearm a n n a i g h harbour tearm a n n U tea rmannaithe 112
tearn a i g h come out of tearna m h tea rnaithe 112
teasa i rg save, rescue teasarg a n teasargtha 93
tease cut off, lop teascadh teasctha 105
teasdfon insulate teasdfonadh teasdfonta 105
teasta i g h want, need teast.3. i l teasta ithe 112
tei b i g h abstract tei b i U teibithe 114
teigh go dul (d h u l/g hoil) d u lta 106
tei g h heat, warm team h tfite 66
Tei lg throw, cast teilgean teilgthe 113
teil ifis i g h televise teil ifisi U teil ifisithe 114
tei m h l i g h darken, stain tei m h l i U tei m h l ithe 114
tei n n cut, break open teinm tein nte 113
teip foil teip teipthe 113
teiste.3. i l test tei ste.3. i l teiste.3.i l te 81
teisti g h depose teistiU teistithe 114
teith run away, nee teitheadh teite 18
teora n n a i g h delimit, limit teora n n U teora n n a ithe 112
tf.3. i l tee (golf) ti.3. i l ti.3. i lte 81
tiarnaigh rule, dominate tiarnU tiarnaithe 112
tibh touch, laugh tibheadh tife 113
t i c e .3. i l tick, tick off tice.3. i l tice.3. i l te 81
til control, rule tileadh tilte 113
timpeallaigh go round, belt timpea l l U t i m peallaithe 112
t i m pe a l l g h earr circumcise t . g hearra d h t . g hearrtha 105
t i n neasna i g h h urry, urge on tinneasnU t i n neasnaithe 112
tinnigh make sore tinniU t i n n ithe 114
tfo l a i c bestow, dedicate tfolacad h tiolactha 93
tiomain drive tiomaint tiomai nte 107
tiomain swear tiomaint tioma nta 1 07
tiomairg bring together tiomargadh tiomargtha 93
tiomnaigh bequeath tiomnU tiomnaithe 112
tiompail thump, butt tiomp.3.il tiomp.3.ilte 81
tiomsaigh accumulate tiomsU tiomsaithe 112
tionlaic accompany tionlacan tion lactha 93
tionnabhair foll asleep t i o n n a b h ra d h tionnabhartha 99
tion6il collect. covene tion61 tion61ta 93
tionscain begin, initiate tionscnamh tionscanta 99
tionsclaigh industrialize tionsclU tionsclaithe 112
tiontaigh turn, convert tiontU tiontaithe 112
tiop.3. i l (determine) type tiop.3.il tiop.3.i lte 81
tior dry up, porch tiora d h tiortha 105
tirimghlan dry-clean tirimghlanadh tirimgh la nta 1 05 + 54
tit fall titim tite 108
tiubhaigh thicken tiubhu t i u bhaithe 112
tiUin tune tiunadh t i U nta 93
tlath a i g h allay, appease tlathu tlathaithe 112
tlU.3.il ripple <nox) t1uai1 t l u a i lte 81
tn.3.ith weary, exhaust tnaitheadh tn.3.ite 18
tnuth envy tnuth t n U ite 111
t6ch dig, root t6cha d h t6chta 105
toc h a i l dig, excavate tochailt tochailte 99
toc h a i s scratch tochas tochasta 93
tochrais wind thread toch ras toch rasta 93
tochsail distrain tochsal tochsalta 99
t6g , t6ig c Ii�. rear, take toga i i t6gtha 109
toga i r desire, choose togradh toga rt ha 99
togh choose, select tog hadh tofa 105
tog h a i l sack, destroy tog h a i l tog h a i l te lch 264 / 7
tog h a i r summon tog h a i r m tog h a i rthe 113
tog h l u a i s move, abort tog h l uasacht tog h l u a i ste 113
toibhigh levy, collect tobhach toibhithe 114
toi l i g h agree, consent toi l i U toilithe 114
toill fit, find room toilleadh toillte 113
toi m h d i g h think, presume toi m h d i U toimhdithe 114
toirbh i r deliver, present toirbhirt toirbhea rta 102
toirc h i g h make pregnant toirc h i U toirchithe 114
toirmisc prohibit, forbid toirmeasc toirmiscthe 113
/ toi rmeasca i g h / toi rmeascU / to i rmeasca ithe /112
toitrigh fumigate toitriU toitrithe 114
306
gas/treamh searta ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briathargaolta
tolg attack, thrust tolgadh tolgtha 105

toll bore, pierce tolladh toll ta 105
tom h a i d h m erupt tom h a d h m a d h tomhadh mtha 93
tom h a i l eat, consume tom hailt tomhai lte 99
tomhais measure, guess tom has tomhaiste 113
tonach wash (the dead) tonachadh tonachta 105
tonaigh tone ton LI tonaithe 112
tonn billow, gush ton nadh tonnta 105
ton nchrith vibrate, quiver ton nchrith ton nchrite 18
t6ra i g h pursue, track t6raiocht t6raithe 112
tore hair foll, lay /ow torchradh torchartha l c h 264 /7
torn il. i l tack, zig-zag torn il. i l tornil. i lte 81
t6rra i g h woke (deod) t6rra m h t6rraithe 112
tort h a i g h fruit, fructify torthu torthaithe 112
tosaigh, toisigh U begin, start tosu (toiseacht) tosaithe 110
tosil.i 1 toss tosil. i l tosil. i l te 81
tost / tosta i g h become silent tosta d h / tostu tosta / tostaithe lll /112
t6stil. i l toast t6stil. i l t6sta i lte 81
tot h l a i g h desire, crave tot h l u toth laithe 112
tracht mention tril.cht trachta 111
tracht journey, travel tril.cht trachta 111
trae n il. i l train tra e n .3. i l traenil.i lte 81
tra i g h ebb, subside tra tril.ite 7
tra m p il. i l tramp tra m p .3. i l trampil.i lte 81
traoch subdue. exhaust traochadh traochta 105
traoith abate, subside traoithea d h traoite 18
traost lay /ow traosta d h traosta 111
tra s n a i g h cross. traverse tra s n U trasnaithe 112
tra s u i g h transpose tra s u i trasuite 97
tril.thil. i l exploit tr.3.th.3. i l trathai lte 81
trea bh plough trea b h a d h treafa 105
treaghd pierce, wound trea g h d a d h trea g hdta 105
treil. i g h penetrate trea treil. ite 7
trea l m h a i g h fi t out, equip trea l m h U trea l m haithe 112
trea m h n a i g h curdle tream h n U trea m h naithe 112
trea pil.in trepan treapanadh treapanta 100
treasca i r overthrow treasca i rt treascartha 99
treaslaigh congratulate treaslO treaslaithe 112
tre b h l i a ntaigh perennate tre b h l i a ntu trebhl iantaithe 112
treg h a l a i g h transpire tre g h a l u treg halaithe 112
treig abandon treigea n . - tre i g b h e a i l treigthe 113
tre i s i g h reinforce tre i s i O treisithe 114
treithrigh characterize treithriU treithrithe 114
treora i g h guide, direct treorU treora ithe 112
treora i l sightArtill. treor.3. i l treoril. i lte 81
treos h u i g h orientate treosh u f treosh u ite 97
trethal transude trethal treth!ilta 105
tria i l / triil.il try, test tria i l / triil.il triai lte / triil.ilte 113 / 81
trial ! journey, travel trial I trial lta 105
triant.3 n a i g h triangulate trianta n u triantanaithe 112
tri l s i g h braid, sparkle tri l s i U trilsithe 114
trinseil.il trench, bury trinseil. i l tri nseil. i l te 81
triomaigh dry triomU triomaithe 112
triosc interrupt triosc triosctha 105
trfro i n n trisect trlro i n n t trfro i n nte 11 3 + 84
troc h l a i g h/troch a i l decoy, profane troch l u/troc h a i l t troch laithe/trochai lte 112/99
tro i d fight, quarrel troid troidte 113
troisc fast, abstain trosca d h troiscthe 113
tro m a i g h become heavier tro m U tromaithe 112
tru a i g h make lean trua truaite 26
trua i l l i g h corrupt, pollute truai l l i U tru a i l l ithe 114
trua i l l m heasc adulterate trua i l l m heasca d h trua i l l m heasctha 105
tru ipeil.il trip, kick truipeil.il trui peil. i l te 81
truncil.il pack, throng truncil.il truncil.i lte 81
trusil.il truss, tuck trusa.H trus.3.i lte 81
trust trust trusta d h tru sta 111
tuaigh chop (with axe) tua tuaite 26
tuairimigh conjecture tuairi m i O tuairimithe 114
tuairiscigh report tuairisciU tuairiscithe 114
t u a i rte.3.i l pound, thump t u a i rte.3. i l tuai rte.3. i lte 81
tuar augur. forbade tuar tuartha 105
tuar bleach, whiten tuar tuartha 105
tuarg a i n pound, batter tuarg a i n t tuargai nte 10
pres. tuairg n i o n n
307
gas/treamh eearla ainm briathartha aidiacht bhr. briatha r gaolta
tuaslaig solve, dissolve tuaslagadh tuaslagtha 93

tuaslaitigh so/vate tuaslc3.itiU tuaslc3. itithe 114
tuatha i g h laicize tuathu tuathaithe 112
tubh touch, accuse tubha, tubhadh tu fa 105
tuig understand tuiscint tuigthe 113
tuigbheail u
tuil nood, now tuile, tuileadh t u i lte 113
tuil fall asleep tuileadh t u i lte 113
tu i l l earn, deserve tuilleamh t u i l lte 11 3
tuilsoilsigh noodlight tuilsoilsiU t u i lsoilsithe 114
tuirling descend, olight tuirlingt t u i rl i ngthe 1 04
t u i rsigh tire, fatigue t u i rsiU tuirsithe 114
tUisigh incense church tUisiU tUisithe 114
tuisligh stumble, trip tuisliU tuislithe 114
tuismigh beget. engender tuismiU tuismithe 114
tum dive, immerse tumadh t u mtha 105
tUschan intone tuschanadh tUschanta 105
uachta i g h will, bequeoth uachtU uachtaithe 115
uaim join together uamadh uamtha 93 + 77
uaisligh ennoble, exalt uaisliU uaislithe 38
ualaigh load, burden ualU uala ithe 115
uamhnaigh frighten uamhnU u a m h naithe 115
uasche i m n i g h step u p uaschei m n i U uascheimnithe 38
uath a i g h lessen uathu uathaithe 115
uathfh u a i m n i g h cipher organ uathfh u a i m n i U uathfh u a i m n ithe 38
u b hsceith ovulate u b h sceitheadh u bhsceite 1 8 + 77
UC full, tuck ucadh Uctha 78
uchta i g h odopt uchtU uchtaithe 115
U d a ra i g h authorize UdarU Udaraithe 115
Uim harness umadh U mtha 93 + 77
u i mhrigh number u i m h ri U u i m h rithe 38
u i risl i g h humble, abase u i risl i U u i rislithe 38
uiscigh water, irrigate uisciU u i scithe 38
ullmhaigh prepare ullmhu u l l m haithe 11 5
umhlaigh humble, submit umhlu u m h laithe 115
ung annoint ungadh ungtha 78
uraigh eclipse urU uraithe 115
uraigh freshen UrU U raithe 115
u rbhac estop urbhac u rbhactha 78
u rbhearna i g h breach, impair urb hearn U u rbhearnaithe 115
I u rbhearn I u rbhearnadh / u rbhea rnta / 78
urbhruith decot u rbhruith u rbhru ite 1s+n
urchoi l l inhibit urchoilleadh u rchoil lte 77
urchoisc barjur. u rchosc u rchoiscthe 77
u rg h a b h seize urghabhail u rg h afa 78
urghair prohibit urghaire u rg h a i rthe 77
urghaird i g h glodden, rejoice u rg h a i rd i U u rg h a i rdithe 38
u r g h ra i n i g h loothe, terrify u rg h rc3. i n i U u rg h rc3. i n ithe 38
urlaic vomit u rlacan urlactha 93 + 77
urmhais oim ot, hit u rmhaise -si n urmhaiste 77
I urmhaisigh / urmhaisiU I u rmhaisithe /38
urra i g h g o surety for urrU u rraithe 115
urra m a i g h revere, observe urramU urramaithe 115
urscaoil discharge urscaoileadh u rscaoilte 77 + 87
u rscart clean out, clear u rscarta d h u rscarta 5
Usc3.id use Usaid osaidte 77
Use ooze, exude Uscadh Usctha 78
vacsain i g h vaccinate vacsafn i U vacsafn ithe 94
vcilsciil waltz vc3.lsc3.il vcilsi3i lte 81
v6t.l i l vote v6tci i l v6tcii lte 81
X-g hathaigh x-roy X-g hathu X-ghathaithe 75
308
G RAM MAR SYNOPSIS
Ac h o i m re a r a n B riathar: Syn o p s i s of the Ve rb

An B riathar Rialta : Th e Reg u l a r Ve rb
The reg u l a r verb h a s . i n the mai n . two conj u gati o n s :

i•t conj ugation i . e . i syl l a b l e b u t n o t e n d i n g i n -ig h . If the l a s t vowe l i s a, o , u then
the stem is ' b road'. If the last vowel is i . t h e n the stem is 's l e n d e r'.
2nd conjugation i . e . 2 syl l a b l e s o r m o re e n d i n g i n -gh . The e n d i n g -aigh is b road
and the e n d i n g -igh is s l e n d e r.
An a i m s i r chaite : T h e past t e n s e
1st conj . broad 1st conj . slender 2nd conj . broad 2nd conj . slender
th6g me chuir me chea n n a i g h me d'e i rig h m e
thog tu c h u i r tu chea n n a i g h tu d'ei rig h tu
th6g se/sf c h u i r se/sf chea n na i g h se/sf d'e i ri g h se/sf
th6gama r''' c h u i rea mar* chean nafomar* d'ei rfo m a r
th6g s i b h chuir sibh c h ea n n a i g h s i b h d'ei rig h s i b h
t h 6 g Siad c h u i r siad c h ea n n a i g h siad d'e i ri g h siad
t6g a d h c u i read h cea n n afod h e i rfod h , var h e i rfod h
'' Var th6g m u i d , c h u i r/c h ea n naig h/d'ei rig h m u id C. U
An a i m s i r laith reach : T h e p re s e n t t e n s e
t6g a i m c u i ri m cea n n afm ei rfm
t6ga n n tu c u i rea n n tu cea n nafo n n tu e i rfo n n tu
t6g a n n se/sf c u i rea n n se/sf cea n nafo n n se/sf e i rfo n n se/sf
t6ga i m i d * c u i ri m id ''' cea n nafm id* e i rfmid''
t6g a n n sibh c u i rea n n sibh cea n nafo n n sibh e i rfo n n sibh
t6g a n n siad c u i rea n n siad cea n n afo n n siad e i rfo n n Siad
t6gtar c u i rtea r cea n naftea r ei rftear
"Va r t6g a n n m u i d , c u i rea n n/cea n nafon n/ei rfo n n m u i d C, U
An a i m s i r fhaisti neach : Th e fu t u re t e n s e
t6gfa i d h m e c u i rfi d h me cea n n 6 i d h me e i reo i d h me
togfa i d h tu c u i rfi d h tu cea n n 6 i d h tu e i reu i d h tu
t6gfa i d h se/sf c u i rfi d h se/sf ccea n n 6 i d h se/sf e i reo i d h se/sf
t6gfa i m i d ''' c u i rfi m i d ''' cea n n 6 i m i d * e i reo i m i d
t6gfa i d h s i b h c u i rfi d h s i b h cea n n 6 i d h s i b h e i reo i d h s i b h
t6gfa i d h siad c u i rfi d h siad cea n n 6 i d h siad e i reo i d h Siad
t6gfa r c u i rfea r cea n n 6fa r ei reofa r
"Vart6gfa i d h m u i d , c u i rfi d h/cea n n 6 i d h/ei reo i d h m u id C. U
cea n n 6 i d h , e i reo i d h cean n6cha i d h , e i reoc h a i d h u
=
309
ACHO I M RE G RAMADAf
An M od h Coi n n iol lach : Th e Co n d i t i o n a l M ood

th6gfa i n n c h u i rfi n n c h ea n n 6 i n n d'e i reo i n n
thogfa c h u i rfea c h ea n n 6fa d'ei reofa
th6gfa d h se/sf c h u i rfead h se/sf chea n n 6 d h se/sf d'e i reo d h se/sf
th6gfa i m i s c h u i rfi m i s c h ea n n 6 i m i s d'e i reo i m i s
th6gfa d h s i b h c h u i rfea d h s i b h c h ea n n 6 d h s i b h d'ei reo d h s i b h
th6gfa i d fs''' c h u i rfi d fs" c h ea n n 6 i d fs* d'ei reo i d fs'''
th6gfaf c h u i rff chea n n 6faf d'ei reofaf
Var t h 6gfad h/c h u i rfea d h/c h e a n n6d h/d'e i reodh siad etc . U
c h ea n n 6d h , d'ei reod h c h e a n n 6chad h , d'e i reoch a d h U
=
An Aim s i r G h n athchaite : The I m p e rfect Te n se

th6ga i n n c h u i ri n n chean nafn n d'ei rfn n
th ogta c h u i rtea c h ea n naftea d'ei rftea
th6gadh se/sf c h u i readh se/sf chean nafod h se/sf d'e i rfo d h se/sf
th6g a i m i s c h u i ri m i s c h ea n nafmis d'ei rfm i s
th6ga d h s i b h c h u i read h s i b h chean nafod h s i b h d'ei rfo d h s i b h
t h 6 g a i d fs c h u i ri d fs chean nafdfs d'ei rfd fs
th6gtaf c h u i rtf c h e a n n a ftf d'ei rftf
The m a i n p reverba l The m a i n p reverba l

particles fo r past tense parti cles fo r p res . , fut . .
reg u l a r c o n d i t . a n d i m pe rf. reg u l a r
th6g d '61 t6ga n n 61faidh
nior th6g nfor 6 1 ni th6ga n n n i 61fa i d h
a r th6g ? ar 61 ? a n dt6g a n n ? an 61fa i d h ?
g u r th6g gur 61 go dt6g a n n go n-61fa i d h
n a r th6g na r 6 1 n a c h dt6g a n n nach n-61fa i d h
Syncopated broad and slender: 2nd conj . endings:

ceangail 'tie', cheangai/, ceanglaio n n , ceang/6idh etc .
in is 'te l l ', d'inis, insionn. inseoid h . d'inseodh etc.
leig h, suigh, nigh etc . , i . e . i syl l a b l e e n d i n g i n -ig h
leigh 'read', leigh, leann, leifidh, leifeadh, leadh
suig h 'sit', shuigh, suionn, suifidh, shuifeadh, shuiodh
310
G RAM MAR SYN O P S I S
An B riatha r M irialta : Th e l rreg u l a r Ve r b

stem/vn past present futu re
bi be bhi td/bionn beidh
vn bheith ni ra ibh nil/ni bhionn ni bheidh
dean do, rinne deanann deanfaidh
vn d ea n a m h ma ke ni dhea rna ni dheanann ni dheanfaidh
teig h go chuaigh teann ni rachaidh
vn d u l n i dheachaigh n i theann rachaidh
feic see chonaic feiceann feicfidh
vn feiceai l u feiscint Std ni fhaca nifheiceann n i fheicfidh
tar come thdinig tagann tiocfaidh
vn teacht n ior thdinig ni thagann n i thiocfa idh
fai g h g et fuair faig heann gheobha idh
vn fai l n i bhfuair ni fhaighea n n n i bhfa ig h idh
tabhair g ive thug tuga nn ta bharfaidh
vn tabhai rt nior thug n i th ugann ni thabhar(a idh
bei r (ar) bea r, (catch) rug beirean n bea rfaidh
vn breith nior rug ni bheireann ni bhea rfaidh
abair sa y duirt deir dearfaidh
vn ra n i duirt" ni deir ni dearfaidh
cluin, = clois h e a r chuala cluineann cluinfidh
vn cluinstean , cloisteail n ior chuala ni chluineann n i cluinfidh
ith eat d'ith itheann iosfaidh
vn ithe nior ith ni ithea n n n i iosfaidh
* nfor uirt C, U
Some variant U l ster i rreg ular forms

past:
chuaig h/ni theachaigh, rinn'/n i thearn; thdinig/nf thdinig; th ug/ni thug; chuala/
ni Chua/a; duirt/nior uirt
present:
g h n i 'does', ni thedn; tch"sees', n i fheicea n n ; tig 'co m es', nithig ; va r. g heibh 'gets',
n i fhaighea n n ; bheir 'g ives', n i thugann
futu re (same for conditional but -faidh > fadh ) : -
ghednfa idh 'wi l l d o', n i thednfaidh ; tch'fidh 'wi l l see', n i fheicfid h ; bhearfa idh 'wi l l g i ve',
n i thabharfaidh .
311
AC H O I M R E G RAMADAf
Roi nnt Rea m hfhoca l S i m p l i: S o m e S i m p l e Pre p o s i ti o n s

ar on ag at le with de of do fo r
orm on me agam liom dfom dom(h)
ort o n you sg agat leat diet d u it
air on him aige leis de d6
u i rthi on her aici lei di di
ora i n n on us againn Iinn dfnn duinn
oraibh o n you pl agaibh libh dfbh daoibh
orth u on them acu lee dfobh d6ibh
i in faoi u n d e r 6 fro m as o u t chuig towa rd s roi m h befo re

ionam tu m uaim asam chug a m rom h a m
ionat fut uait a sat ch ugat rom h at
ann faoi uaidh as chuige roi m h e
i nti tuithi uaithi aisti c h u ici roi mpi
ionainn tu inn uainn asa i n n chugainn rom h a i n n
ionaibh tu ibh uaibh asaibh chugaibh rom h a i bh
iontu fUthu uathu astu chucu rom p u
U lste r froms: frfd 'th ro u g h ' = trf Std ; fa about ( o r fa dtaobh do/de) = faoi, margheall
or Std .
Ream hfhoca i l C h o m h s h u ite : Co m po u n d Pre p o s i t i o n s

i ndiaidh os com hair i n eadan os cionn
after o p posite a g a i n st a bove
i mo d h iaidh os mo chomhair i m 'ead a n os mo chionn
i do d h iaidh os d o chomhair i d 'eada n os do chionn
ina d h iaidh os a chomhair ina eadan os a chionn
ina d i a i d h os a comhair ina headan os a cionn
inar ndiaidh OS ar geom hair inar n-eadan os ar gcionn
i n bhur ndiaidh os b h u r gcomhair i n bhur n-eadan os bhur gcionn
ina ndiaidh os a gcomhair ina n-eadan os a gcionn
Others i n c l u d e : fci choinne 'fo r' a r son 'fo r'. o r lorg 'afte r, l o o k i n g fo r' in aice 'be s i d e'
in ainneoin ' i n s p ite of ', imeasc 'among'. i gcuideachta ' i n the com pany of'.
S i m p l e p repositions take dative : leis an (hear with the m a n .
Co m p o u n d s u s u a l ly take g e n itive, i ndiaidh an fhir afte r the m a n , b u t i f co m po u n d
prepositi o n e n d s i n a s i m p l e prepositi o n , t h e n dative fo l l ows: fci dtaobh den (hear
about the m a n , = margheall a ran (hear.
312
G RAMMAR SYN O P S I S
An tAi n mfhocal : Th e N o u n
The n o u n i n I ri s h i s either masc u l i n e o r fe m i n i n e a n d there a re fo u r m a i n cases:

Nominative o rd i n a ry fo rm of n o u n (su bject &.. o bject)
Dative the fo rm used after p repositi o n s
Gen itive possessi o n ( l i ke E n g l i s h 's)
Vocative a d d ress i n g someone/so m et h i n g d i rectly
An tAlt: The Art i c l e
T h e article is u sed befo re t h e n o m i native. dative a n d g e n itive . Al l fo rms

(mascu l i n e &.. fe m i n i n e . s i n g u l a r &.. p l u ra l ) a re fo l l owed by some fo rm of m utation .
(i) t befo re vowe l .

N o rn . masc. s g . . e . g . athair s m 'fathe r', Chonaic me a n t-athair. 'I saw the father'.
Consona nts u n c h a n g ed . e . g . an balla 4m 'the wal l'; an fea r i m 'the ma n';
an seomra 4m 'th e roo m '.
( i i ) asp.art
The a s p i rati ng fo rms of the article place h afte r th e l etters b, c, (, g, m a n d
p ( a s i n o rd i na ry a s p i rati o n ) but d- a n d t- a re u naffected . w h i l e t i s p l aced befo re
'm utable' s- ( i . e . a l l forms of s- except sc- . sm-, sp- a n d st-) . Vowels a re not affected .
N o rn . fe m . s g .
br6g 2f'sh oe', a n bhr6g 'the sh oe'; farraige 4f'sea', an fharraige 'the sea';
sraid 2( an ts raid 'the street'; ait 2f. an ait 'the p l ace'.
Dat. sg . masc. &.. fe m . - U l ster I rish
leis an athair 'with the father', san ait ' i n the place'; leis an bhalla 'with the wa l l '.
faoin bhr6g ' u n d e r the s h oe' (o l d e r faoin bhr6ig) , ag an fhear 'at the ma n', as an
fharraige 'out of the sea', sa tseomra 'in the roo m ', a r an tsraid 'on the street'. I n
otl1er d i a l ects ecl i psis can occ u r. a g a n bhfear. leis a n m bean etc .
Gen . sg . masc. ( N B g e n . s g . g iven i n the d icti o n a ry)
barr an bhalla 'the top of the wa l l ', teach an fhi r 'th e ma n's h o u se',
doras an tseom ra 'the door of the roo m ', carr an athar 'the fat h e r's ca r'.
( i i i) h befo re vowe l
G e n . sg . fe m .
m u i ntir n a haite 'the peo p l e of the p l ace', doras n a hoifige 'th e office door' -
consona nts a re u naffected , barr na sraide 'the top of the street'.
N o rn . &.. dat. p l . (masc. &.. fem . )
(leis) n a haithreacha '(with) t h e fathe rs', (s)na hoifigi '(in) t h e offi ces',
(do) na fi r '(for) the m e n', (faoi) na sraideanna ' ( u n d e r) the streets'.
313
AC H O I M R E G RAMADAi
(iv) eclipsis
Gen. pl. m. &.. f. (NB use pl o r gpl for t h i s fo rm).
n- befo re vowe l s : baruil na n-aithreacha 'the fat h e rs' o p i n i o n', ag glanadh
na n-oifigi 'clea n i n g the offi ces'.
mb, ge, nd , bhf, ng , bp, dt
'bal lai 'wa l l s', barr na mballai'the top of the wa l l s'; br6ga 'shoes', luach
na m br6g 'th e p rice of the shoes'; cosa 'feet', ag ni na gees 'was h i n g the feet';
fi r ' m e n', teach na bhfear 'the m e n's ho use'
The Vocative Particle (aasp) i s p laced before a l l n o u n s (m . , (. , sg . &.. pl.) when

a d d ress i n g t h e m d i rectly:
a d hochtu i r(i) 3 m oh docto r(s) a bhana ltra(i) 4f o h n u rse(s)
The o n l y other c h a n g e is that i 't d e c l e n s i o n m . n o u n s m a ke the e n d i n g s l e n d e r
i n voe . s g . a fh i r 'oh ma n', a m h i c 'oh so n'. If n o u n i s m . a n d g e n . p l . = n o m sg .
then a d d -a fo r voe . p l . , a fheara 'oh m e n', a m haca 'oh son s'.
Roi n nt a i n mfhocal sa m p l ac h : S o m e sa m p l e n o u n s
bad6ir 3 m boatm a n , g s -6ra , p l -i
nom an bad6 i r na bad6iri
dat leis an bhad6ir0 leis na bad6iri
gen carr an bhad6ra teach na m bad6iri
voe a bhad6ir a bhad6iri
bana ltra 4f n u rse, gs -. pl -i
nom an bhana ltra na banaltrai
dat don bhanaltra d o na bana ltrai
gen c6ta na bana ltra teach na m banaltrai
voe a bhanaltra a bhanaltrai
aire 4m (govern m e nt) m i n i ster, gs -, pl -ri
nom a n t-ai re na hairi
dat chuig a n a i re c h u i g na hairi
gen oifig a n aire oifigi na n-airi
voe a a ire a airi
i n ion 2f d a u g hter, gs inine, pl -a cha ( N B nion U , gs nine, pl n ionacha)
nom a n i n ion na h i nionacha
dat ag a n inion ag na h i n ionacha
gen carr na h i nine carr na n-i nionacha
voe a i n ion a i n ionacha
314
G RAM MAR SYN O P S I S
sagart 1m p riest. gs/np -airt, g p l -
nom sagart na saga i rt

dat ar an tsagart" a r na sagairt
gen hata an tsagairt hatai na saga rt
voe a shagairt a shagarta
sean bhean irreg . f o l d wo m a n gs/np sea n m h n a , gpl seanbhan
nom a n tsea n bhean na sea n m h n a
dat 6n tsean bhean 6 na sea n m h n a
gen teach na sea n m h n a teach na seanbhan
voe a sheanbhean a shea n m h n a
* Alt l e i s an m bad6ir, a r an sagart.
An Aidiacht: The Adj ective
M ost attri butive adj ectives fo l l ow the n o u n . N o m i native fem s g . a s p i rates

- masc. n o m . sg . d oes not c h a n g e :
c6ta m m6r a big coat
leine fbhan a wh ite s h i rt
teach m fada a l o n g house
The n o m i native p l u ral fo rms add -a o r -e (-u il > -u la) and do not normally aspirate .
Fad a ' l o n g ' has same sg . a n d p l .
c6tai m6ra b i g coats
lei nte maithe good s h i rts
tithe fada l o n g h o u ses
N ote: o n l y m a s c . n o u n s whose n o m . p l . end in s l e n d e r consonant a s p i rate. e . g .

fi r mh6ra ' b i g m e n', cnoic g h l asa 'g reen h i l l s' - yet doctu i ri m6ra ' b i g d octo rs',
mna s u i m i u l a ' i n teresti ng wome n', paisti cai nteacha 'ta l kative c h i l d ren'.
The c o m p a rative/su perl ative fo rm m a kes the adjective s l e n d e r a n d a d d s

- e (o r -ach > a i ; -uil > U la), deas ' n i ce', is deise ' n icest', nios deise (na) ' n i c e r (than)'
- is/nios 6ige 'yo u n g est/yo u n g e r', is/nios sine 'oldest/o l d e r ' etc .
nom. sg . nom. pl. splve/comp.

glan c l e a n glana is g laine c l e a n est
salach d i rty salacha nios salai na d i rt i e r t h a n
s u i m i u i l i nterest i n g suimiula is s u i m i u l a most i nterest i n g
cia l l m h a r sensi b l e cia l l m hara nios ciallmhaire na m o re s e n s i b l e t h a n
315
ACH O I M RE G RAMADAi
F o r t h e reg u l a r a dj ective , t h e s u p e r l at ive/c o m p a rative = fe m . g e n . s g .

S o m e i rreg u l a r a dj ectives h ave d i sti nct s u p e r l ative/c o m p a rative fo r m s fro m
fe m . g e n . s g :
nom . sg . nom . p l . fem gen sg splve/comp

m6r b i g m6ra moire (is) m6 b i g g est
beag s m a l l beaga bige (is) lu s m a l l e st
maith good maithe maithe (is) fearr best
olc bad olca oilce (is) measa wo rst
fu rasta easy fu rasta fu rasta (is) fusa easiest
T h e eq u ative i s fo r m e d by p l a c i n g c(h)om h i n fro n t of t h e adj ective :

chomh m6r le teach 'as b i g as a h o u se'. N ote t h a t c h o m h (= comh U) p l aces
h befo re a vowe l , e . g . a rd ' h i g h ', chomh hard le cra n n 'as h i g h a s a tree'.
S o m e adj ectives c o m e befo re n o u n , e . g . sean- ' o l d ', d roch- ' b a d '. These a re
s a m e fo r sg . a n d p l . : seanbhal la(i) ' o l d wa l l s', d rochsheomra(i) ' b a d roo m s'.

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Collins ___ _

T h e Author: D r A . J . H u g hes, M A , M esL, Ph D i s cou rse D i rector fo r Irish

Language is the key to this exploration,

Words are tools for life. And a Collins

Canu i nti na Gaei l g e 3 Irish D i a l ects 3

N a h Eo c h a i r b h riat h ra 4 Key verbs 4

A g u isin A 240 Appendix A 240

l n n eacs 268 I ndex 268

Ach o i m re G ra m adai 309 G ra m m a r Syn o p s i s 309

c Con n a u g h t C u i g e Chon nacht

Baile Atha Cliath

abair say 31 diol sell

61 iompair ca rry 91 sin stretc h

Mas foghalimeoir thu n6 mas ag iarraidh an mheirg a bhaint de do chuid Gaeilge n6

Is sa Chaighdean Oifigiuil a thugtar prfomhthablaf na mbriathra- bfodh go liostailtear

isg d u rt/d u ras, 2sg d u rais, 2p/ d u ra b h a i r M ip/ d u i rt m u i d cu 3pl d u rad a r MC

an a i m s i r laith reach the present tense

i p l dei r m u i d CU 3p/ d e i rid (siad) M re /. a d e i r ; d e i reann se dia/ .

a n a i m s i r fhaisti neach the futu re tense

I isg d ea rfad 2sg dearfa i r M d ea rfa i d h m u i d c u re /. a dearfas .

Dep. n f a b r6chaid h , g o n-abr6chaidh (var. ab6ra i d h) U

l abair say ra raite

a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect tense

a n m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

3pl abrad h siad U 1pl go ndeire mu i d , go n-abraetc CU

2 aith i n rec o g n i se aithint aithea nta

1sg d(h)'aithnfos, 2sg d(h)'aithnfs, 2 p / d(h)'aith nfobhair M

a n a i m s i r laith reach the present tense

1p/ aithnfonn m u i d C 3pl aith nfd (siad) M

a n a i m s i r fhaisti neach the fut u re tense

isg aith neod , 2sg aith neoir M 1pl aith neoidh m u id C

2 aith i n re co g n i s e aith int aithea nta

1sg d'aith neochai n n , 3sg d'aithneochad h se, siad etc . u

a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect tense

1pl d'aith nfodh m u i d C 3pl d'aith nfodh siad U

an mod h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

3pl aith nfod h siad U 1pl g o n-aithnf m u id C U

3 aith ris i m i tate aith ris aith riste

1sg d(h)'aithrisfos , 2sg d(h)'aithrisfs, 2 p l d(h)'aithrisfobhai r M

an a i m s i r laith reach the p resent tense

1pl aithrisfonn m u i d C3pl aith risfd (siad) M

an a i m s i r fh aisti neach the futu re tense

1sg aith riseod , 2sg aithriseoir M aithriseochaid h me, mu id etc. U

3 aith ris i m itate aith ris aith riste

1sg d'aith riseochai n n , 3sg d'aithriseochad h se. Siad etc. u

a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect tense

1pl d'aithrisfodh mu id C 3pl d'aithrisfod h siad U

an m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laith reach

3pl aithrisfodh siad U 1pl go n-aithrisf m u id CU

1sg d(h)'am harcas , 2sg d(h)'am harcai s, 2pl d(h)'amharcabhair M

a n a i m s i r laith reach the present tense

1pl am harcan n m u i d CU 3pl amharcaid (siad) M rel. a am harcas

a n a i m si r fhaisti neach the futu re tense

1sg amharcfad , 2sg am harcfair M am harcfaid h m u id C

ipl d'amharcfad h m u i d C3pl

a n a i m s i r g h nathchaite the i m pe rfect te nse

ipl d'amharcad h mu id C 3pl d'am harcad h siad U

an m o d h o rdaitheach a n fos h u iteach laithreach

3pl am harcad h siad U ipl go n-am harca mu id CU

1sg d(h)'atas. 2sg d(h)'atais, 2pl d(h)'atabhai r M

a n a i m s i r laith reach the present tense

1pl atann m u i d C U 3p/ ataid (siad) M rel. a atas

an a i m s i r fhaistineach the fut u re tense

lpl d'atfad h mu id c d'at6c hai n n , d'at6chad h se/siad etc. u