Aphids Infesting Plants of The Order Spindales in India

Munis Entomology & Zoology Mun. Ent. Zool.
18 (1)
https://www.munisentzool.org/ (January, 2023) 455
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APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) INFESTING PLANTS OF

THE ORDER SAPINDALES (ANGIOSPERMAE) IN INDIA
| Rajendra Singh* | Md. Equbal Ahmad** |

| Dipti Nawal** | Nidhi Sinha** |
* Department of Zoology, Deendayal Upadhyay University of Gorakhpur, U.P., INDIA. E-

mail: rsinghgpu@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7296-9860
** Aphid systematics and Biocontrol Laboratory, University Department of Zoology, T.M.
Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, INDIA. E-mails: equbal.tmbu@yahoo.com,
kumaridipti32@gmail.com, nidhisinhaarya@gmail.com, ORCID IDs: 0000-0001-6775-
9028, 0000-0002-4172-8538 and 0000-0002-6770-282X
[Singh, R., Ahmad, Md. E., Nawal, D. & Sinha, N. 2023. Aphids (Homoptera:
Aphididae) infesting plants of the order Sapindales (Angiospermae) in India. Munis
Entomology & Zoology, 18 (1): 455-473]
ABSTRACT: The article deals with the aphids infesting plants belonging to the order
Sapindales, a group of flowering plants consisting of several economically important fruit
trees such as cashew, pistachio, mango, litchi, neem, lemon, orange etc. Five families of it
are infested by 67 species of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) belonging to 6 subfamilies in
India. Among them, the family Rutaceae are more vulnerable to aphid attack (19 species of
plants infested by 21 species of aphids) followed by Anacardiaceae (15 species of plants
infested by 24 species of aphids) and Sapindaceae (11 species of plants infested by 24 species
of aphids). Among the aphid species, 6 species are highly polyphagous feeding on 8-24 plant
species belonging to 2-5 families. Highly polyphagous species of aphids are Aphis
(Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc. (25 plant species belonging to 13 genera and 5
families) followed by Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy) (15 plant species belonging to
6 genera and 2 families), Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot) (14 plant species belonging to
8 genera and 2 families), Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover (13 plant species belonging to 6
genera and 4 families), and Aphis (Aphis) spiraecola Patch (9 plant species belonging to 5
genera and 3 families).
KEY WORDS: Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Nitrariaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae,

Simoaroubaceae, Aphididae, citrus, litchee, neem, mango
Sapindales is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants having 7981 species grouped

in 9 families, out of which more than 97.5% of the species belong to only four families:
Anacardiaceae (701 species), Meliaceae (669 species), Rutaceae (1730 species), and
Sapindaceae (1751 species) (TPL, 2022; WFO, 2022). It includes highly economically
important plants such as citrus, maples, horse-chestnuts, litchees, mangoes, cashews, neem
etc. In India, only 7 families of the order Sapindales were found to be infested by aphids, viz.
Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Nitrariaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae and
Simaroubaceae.
Several species of aphids (Insecta: Heteroptera: Homoptera: Aphidoidea: Aphididae)
are pestiferous on several crops in India and warrant their control measure. The aphids feed
by sucking the sap from their host plants leading to stunted growth. They also excrete a
considerable amount of honeydew that covers the stomatal openings that hamper their
normal physiological processes, like photosynthesis, transpiration and respiration and also
allow the growth of black sooty mould onto the leaves, which in turn proves detrimental to
the normal activity of the plant life (Singh, 2001). In addition, these aphids also transmit
viral diseases, e.g., Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae alone transmits more than 110 plant
viruses (Singh & Singh, 2016, 2021). Small size, thelytokous parthenogenetic viviparity,
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complex life cycles with alternation of sexual and asexual generations, host plant
association, host plant alternation, polymorphism, and short and telescopic generations is
the major traits that make aphids highly prolific in reproduction (Singh & Ghosh, 2002;
Singh & Singh, 2022).
The order Sapindales include several species of economically important plants, such as
cashew, mango, pistachio, neem, lemon, orange, litchi, hopbush etc. belonging to its
different families. Probably, Lefroy & Howlett (1909) were the first to record the aphids,
Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc. on Citrus reticulata Blanco and Baizongia
pistaciae (Linnaeus) on Pistacia terebinthus L. in India followed by Despande (1938) who
observed Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc. on two species of citrus, Citrus
reticulata Blanco and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck. Later on Behura (1963, 1965) observed
several species of aphids on a number of host plant species belonging to the order
Sapindales. Raychaudhury (1983) was the first to catalogue the food plants of Indian aphids.
After almost two decades, Chakrabarti and Sarkar (2001) updated this catalogue. Later on,
Singh & Singh (2016, 2017a-g, 2018), and Singh et al. (2018) updated the food plant
catalogue of Indian species of aphids. The present article provides an updated checklist of
aphids infesting plants belonging to the 5 families of the order Sapindales in India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The aphid and host plant records in this checklist are taken from a wide variety of
literature sources such as books, journals, proceedings and a few authentic theses and
websites up to June 30, 2022, unavoidably including some percentage of misidentifications,
both of aphids and their host plants. Some aphid species may also be vagrant individuals. In
older literature, several errors crept in the scientific names of both the aphids and plants
and even in the recent ones. It happens because such contents become outdated quickly and,
due to their perceived comprehensiveness, readers sometimes overlook newer sources of
data. The names of aphids, as well as plant that were misspelt in the original records, have
been corrected where we logically ascertain the intended species. Also, the research on
aphid taxonomy as well as their host plants is continued with the description of new taxa,
the modified status of others, and the publication of other nomenclatural decisions. In the
present checklist, attempts have been made to provide the valid scientific names of the
aphids following Favret (2022), and for the plants, following https://www.gbif.org,
www.worldfloraonline.org. and http://www.theplantlist.org. In the first inventory of plant
names, their synonymies recorded in India are also mentioned. The synonymies of the
aphids recorded in India on these plants are given by Singh & Singh (2016, 2017a-g, 2018).
Only 1-2 references of each record were cited.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The plant order Sapindales includes highly economically important plants such as
citrus, maples, horse-chestnuts, litchees, mangoes, cashews, neem etc. and include 9
families. However, in India, only 5 families were found to be associated with aphids, viz.
Anacardiaceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae and Simaroubaceae. Following is the
updated checklist of aphids infesting plants belonging to these families in India.
I. Family: Anacardiaceae
The family Anacardiaceae includes 74 species of 24 genera in India. Notably important
plants are cashews (Anacardium occidentale L.), mangoes (Mangifera indica L.), pistachio
(Pistacia spp.), Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.) etc. Fifteen species of this family are
used as a host plant by 24 species of aphids belonging to 15 genera and 4 subfamilies in
India. Maximum number of aphid species (9 species) was found to infest Mangifera indica
L. followed by Anacardium occidentale (5 species of aphids) and Pistacia chinensis subsp.
integerrima (J. L. Stewart ex Brandis) Rech. f. (4 species of aphids) and less number of
aphids on other plants. Among the aphids, Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) was
highly polyphagous infesting 9 plants followed by Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de
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Fonsc., 1841 (4 plant species), Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (3 plant
species), and Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877, Baizongia pistaciae (Linnaeus, 1767) and
Greenidea (Trichosiphum) psidii van der Goot, 1917 (2 species of plants each). Other species
of Anacardiaceae are infested by only one species of aphids in India.
Following is the updated checklist of aphids infesting plants belonging to Anacardiaceae
in India.
1. Anacardium occidentale L.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Vanitha & Mohana, 2015)
• Aphis (Aphis) spiraecola Patch, 1914 (Raychaudhuri, 1973)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Ganguli & Ghosh, 1965; Mondal
et al., 1976)
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Behura, 1963; Raychaudhuri, 1980)
• Hayhurstia atriplicis (Linnaeus, 1761) (Joshi & Poorani, 2007)
2. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R. Almeida (syn. Buchanania
latifolia Roxb.)
Eriosomatinae: Pemphigini
• Formosaphis micheliae Takahashi, 1925 (Raha et al., 1977)
3. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt) Merr. (syn. Lannea wodier (Roxb.) Parker)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Behura, 1965; Raychaudhuri, 1978)
4. Mangifera indica L.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, 1854 (Verma et al., 1975; Suman & Suman, 2017)
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Ganguli & Ghosh, 1965; Raychaudhuri, 1973)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Behura, 1963; Mondal et al., 1976)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Raychaudhuri, 1978)
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Basu & Banerjee, 1958; Singh et al., 1999)
Aphidinae: Macrosiphini
• Brachycaudus (Brachycaudus) helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843) (Raychaudhuri, 1978)
• Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) centranthi Theobald, 1915 (Behura, 1963; David, 1957)
• Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878) (Ghosh, 1977)
Greenideinae: Greenideini
• Greenidea (Trichosiphum) psidii van der Goot, 1917 (Kar et al., 1990)
5. Odina sp.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Ghosh, 1975)
6. Pistacia chinensis subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart ex Brandis) Rech. f.
(syn. Pistacia integerrima J. Stewart)
Eriosomatinae: Fordini
• Baizongia pistaciae (Linnaeus, 1767) (Behura, 1963; Verma, 1969)
• Forda marginata Koch, 1857 (Chakrabarti & Sarkar, 2001)
• Forda riccobonii (Stefani, 1899) (Chakrabarti, 2007)
• Geoica utricularia (Passerini, 1856) (Chakrabarti & Sarkar, 2001)
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7. Pistacia terebinthus L.
• Baizongia pistaciae (Linnaeus, 1767) (Behura, 1963; Lefroy & Howlett, 1909)
8. Rhus chinensis Mill. (syn. Rhus semialata Murray)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Singh & Singh, 1986; Subhrani et
al. 2006)
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Mondal et al., 1976; Raychaudhuri, 1978)
Calaphidinae: Calaphidini
• Neobetulaphis pusilla Basu, 1964 (Raychaudhuri, 1980)
9. Rhus copallinum L.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Joshi & Sangma, 2015)
10. Rhus pruinosa Hoffmanns. (syn. Rhus nepalensis Hoffmanns.)

• Neobetulaphis chaetosiphon Quednau & Chakrabarti, 1980 (Chakrabarti &
Raychaudhuri, 1975b; Raychaudhuri, 1980)
11. Rhus succedanea L.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Raychaudhuri, 1978)
12. Rhus sp.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Raychaudhuri, 1978)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Mondal et al., 1976; Raychaudhuri,
1973)
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Mondal et al., 1976; Raychaudhuri, 1973)
• Clethrobius dryobius Chakrabarti & Raychaudhuri, 1976 (Chakrabarti &
Raychaudhuri, 1975b; Raychaudhuri, 1980)
• Mollitrichosiphum (Metatrichosiphon) rhusae Ghosh, 1974 (Ghosh, 1974;
Raychaudhuri, 1980)
13. Schinus sp.
• Greenidea (Trichosiphum) psidii van der Goot, 1917 (Kar et al., 1990)
14. Spondias dulcis Parkinson (syn. Spondias cytherea Soun.)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
15. Toxicodendron khasianum (Wall. ex Hook. f.) Kuntze (syn. Rhus khasiana
Hook. f.)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Kar et al., 1990; Kurl, 1980)
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16. Toxicodendron wallichii (Hook. f.) Kuntz. (syn. Rhus wallichii Hook. f.)
• Eutrichosiphum blackmanum Ghosh & Agarwala, 1993 (Chakrabarti, 1972)
• Eutrichosiphum khasyanum (Ghosh & Raychaudhuri, 1962) (Chakrabarti, 1972)
17. Indermined species
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Ghosh, 1970)
• Hyperomyzus (Hyperomyzus) lactucae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Raychaudhuri et al., 1980a)
Calaphidinae: Panaphidini
• Chromaphis hirsutustibis Kumar & Lavigne, 1970 (Raychaudhuri, 1978)
II. Family: Burseraceae
The family Burseraceae, also known as the torchwood family, includes 18 genera and
649 species (TPL, 2022) both trees and shrubs, and is native to tropical regions of the world.
However, in India, the family is represented by only 7 genera and 12 species, out of which
only one species Commiphora berryi (Arn.) Engl. is found to be infested by a single
polyphagous aphid species, Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 as mentioned below.
1. Commiphora berryi (Arn.) Engl.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Behura, 1963; Ganguli & Ghosh, 1965)
III. Family: Meliaceae

Meliaceae or the mahogany family comprising 52 genera and 669 species worldwide,
particularly pantropical (TPL, 2022) are mostly trees and shrubs. Several members are
economically important as they are used either in preparing medicine/insecticides (e.g.
Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) or as timber (Melia azadarach L., Toona ciliata M. Roem.),
vegetable (e.g. leaves of Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. Roem.) etc. Seed kernel oil of several
species of Meliaceae is used for vegetable oil, soap-making, insecticides, etc. In India, the
family includes 80 species of 23 genera, however, only 5 species are used as host plants by 8
species of aphids belonging to 5 genera and 4 subfamilies.
Following is the updated checklist of aphids infesting plants belonging to Meliaceae in
India.
1. Aglaia sp. (syn. Amoora sp.)
Greenideinae: Cervaphidini
• Cervaphis schouteniae van der Goot, 1917 (Raychaudhuri, 1973; Raychaudhuri, 1980)
2. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (syn. Melia azadirachta L.)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch (Jadhav & Sathe, 2006)
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Jadhav & Sathe, 2006)
• Aphis (Aphis) spiraecola Patch, 1914 (Agarwala, 1979)
3. Azadirachta sp.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Devi et al., 1986)
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4. Melia azadarach L.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Bhagat, 1984)
5. Toona ciliata M. Roem.
• Forda orientalis George, 1920 (Ghosh et al., 1981)
6. Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. Roem. (syn. Cedrela serrata Royle)
Calaphidinae: Panaphidini
• Chromaphis hirsutustibis Kumar & Lavigne, 1970 (Raychaudhuri, 1978; Chakrabarti,
1988)
7. Unidentified species
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Raychaudhuri et al., 1980a)
• Greenidea (Greenidea) aborensis Ghosh, 1974 (Ghosh, 1974; Raychaudhuri, 1980)
• Greenidea (Greenidea) longicornis Ghosh, Ghosh & Raychaudhuri, 1970 (1971)
(Raychaudhuri, 1978)
IV. Family: Nitrariaceae
The Nitrariaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales and
includes only 3 genera and 12 species globally. In India, it is represented by only one
species, Peganum hirmala L. which is infested by 3 species of aphidine aphids as given
below.
1. Peganum hirmala L.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) umbrella (Borner, 1950) (Behura, 1963)
• Brachyunguis (Brachyunguis) harmalae Das, 1918 (Behura, 1963; Verma, 1969)
• Acyrthosiphon (Acyrthosiphon) pisum (Harris, 1776) (Behura, 1963)
V. Family: Rutaceae
The Rutaceae, commonly known as the citrus family compriss 158 genera and 1730
species and is distributed throughout the world, especially in warm temperate and tropical
regions (TPL, 2022). The members of this family are mostly trees and shrubs. In India, the
family includes 87 species of 33 genera, however, only 18 species are used as host plants by
one or other species of aphids. Of these, several members are economically important, e.g.
Citrus spp. that includes bitter orange (Citrus xaurantium L.), cherry Orange (Citrus
japonica Thunb.), citron (Citrus medica L.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad.), lemon
(Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck), lime (Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle), mandarin orange
(Citrus reticulata Blanco), orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), and pomelo (Citrus
maxima (Burm.) Merr.), the fruits are edible as its juices contain high amount of vitamin C.
Some non-citrus fruits which also have medicinal properties are bael (Aegle marmelos (L.)
Corrêa), Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum DC.), orange-berry (Glycosmis
pentaphylla (Retz.) DC.), orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack), etc. All these 19
species of plants of Rutaceae are used as host plants by 21 species of aphids belonging to 8
genera and only 2 subfamilies (Aphidinae and Greenideinae) in India. The maximum
number of aphid species (7 species) were found to infest Citrus reticulata and Zanthoxylum
armatum followed by Citrus xaurantium and Citrus limon (each by 6 species of aphids), and
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Citrus aurantiifolia, Citrus maxima and Citrus sinensis (each by 5 species of aphids), and
less number of aphid species on other plants.
Among the aphids, Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc. was highly polyphagous
infesting 16 plants of this family followed by Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy) (14
plant species), Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover (each 8
species of plants), Aphis (Aphis) spiraecola Patch (7 species of plants), Aphis (Aphis) odinae
(van der Goot) (6 plant species), Sinomegoura citricola (van der Goot) (5 plant species), and
Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) (5 plant species). Other species of Anacardiaceae
are infested by 1 to 3 species of aphids in India.
Following is the updated checklist of aphids infesting plants belonging to Rutaceae in
India.
1. Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. (syn. Acronychia laurifolia Blume)
• Sinomegoura symplocois (van der Goot, 1917) (Ghosh & Raychaudhuri, 1970;
Raychaudhuri, 1973)
2. Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Ghosh, 1970; Suman & Suman,
2017)
3. Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle (syn. Citrus acida Roxb., Citrus
limettioides Tanaka)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, 1854 (Agarwal et al., 2006)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Behura, 1965)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Behura, 1965; Mondal et al., 1976)
• Uroleucon (Uromelan) jaceae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Verma et al., 1965)
4. Citrus xaurantium L. (syn. Citrus karna Raf., misnomer Citrus karka)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Behura, 1963; Raychaudhuri, 1973)
• Aphis (Aphis) umbrella (Borner, 1950) (Behura, 1963)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Behura, 1963; Rao & Kulkarni,
1977)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Behura, 1965; Mondal et al., 1976)
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Mondal et al., 1976)
• Sinomegoura citricola (van der Goot, 1917) (Raychaudhuri, 1973)
5. Citrus japonica Thunb. (syn. Citrus madurensis Lour.)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, 1854 (Behura, 1965)
6. Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (syn. Citrus limonia Osbeck, Citrus limonum
Risso)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, 1854 (Behura, 1965; Verma et al., 1965)
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Verma et al., 1965; Ahmad et al., 2020)
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• Aphis (Aphis) nerii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Kataria and Kumar, 2012)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Behura, 1963; Behura, 1965)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Mondal et al., 1976; Raychaudhuri,
1978)
• Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Raychaudhuri, 1973)
7. Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (syn. Citrus decumana L., Citrus grandis (L.)
Osbeck)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, 1854 (Konar & Paul, 2006)
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Ghosh, 1990; Konar & Paul, 2006)
• Aphis (Aphis) spiraecola Patch, 1914 (Konar & Paul, 2006)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Behura, 1965; Raychaudhuri, 1978)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Behura, 1965; Konar & Paul, 2006)
8. Citrus medica L. (syn. Citrus limetta Risso.)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) fabae Scopoli, 1763 (Sathe & Jadhav, 2008)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Behura, 1963; Raychaudhuri, 1978)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Behura, 1965)
9. Citrus nobilis Lour. (syn. Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Sharma, 2004)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Sharma, 2004)
• Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Sharma, 2004)
10. Citrus paradisi Macfad.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, 1854 (Behura, 1965)
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Behura, 1965; Verma et al., 1965)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Behura, 1965)
11. Citrus reticulata Blanco
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, 1854 (Basu et al., 1969)
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Behura, 1965; Raychaudhuri, 1973)
• Aphis (Aphis) spiraecola Patch, 1914 (Behura, 1965; Raychaudhuri, 1973)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Lefroy & Howlett, 1909;
Bhumannavar & Singh, 1986)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Basu et al., 1969; Kumar et al., 2021)
• Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Ghosh & Raychaudhuri, 1963)
• Sinomegoura citricola (van der Goot, 1917) (Basu et al., 1969; Raychaudhuri, 1973)
• Uroleucon (Uromelan) jaceae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Verma et al., 1965)
• Uroleucon (Uromelan) echinatum (Kulkarni, 1980) (Kulkarni & Chavan, 2009)
12. Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, 1854 (Behura, 1965; Verma et al., 1965)
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• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Behura, 1965; Verma et al., 1975)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Despande, 1938; Behura, 1965)
• Uroleucon (Uromelan) jaceae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Kulkarni, 1950; Verma et al., 1965)
13. Citrus sp.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) fabae Scopoli, 1763 (Ganguli & Ghosh, 1965)
• Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 (Basu & Banerjee, 1958; Agarwala &
Raychaudhuri, 1979)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Basu & Banerjee, 1958; Mondal et
al., 1976)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Raychaudhuri, 1973; Mondal et al.,
1976)
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Raha, 1979)
• Aulacorthum (Aulacorthum) solani (Kaltenbach, 1843) (David, 1958)
• Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Raychaudhuri, 1973)
• Neomyzus circumflexus (Buckton, 1876) (Kar et al., 1990)
• Sinomegoura citricola (van der Goot, 1917) (Singh et al., 1999)
14. Euodia fraxinifolia (D. Don) Hook. f.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Kurl, 1980; Kar et al., 1990)
15. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC.
• Greenidea (Greenidea) ficicola Takahashi, 1921 (Raychaudhuri, 1978)
• Greenidea (Trichosiphum) psidii van der Goot, 1917 (Raychaudhuri, 1978)
16. Glycosmis sp.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
17. Limonia acidissima Groff
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Joshi & Poorani, 2007)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Joshi & Poorani, 2007)
18. Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (syn. Murraya exotica L.)
19. Ruta graveolens L.
• Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Joshi & Poorani, 2007)
20. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. (syn. Toddalia aculeata Pers.)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Mondal et al., 1976; Rao &
Kulkarni, 1977)
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• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Raychaudhuri, 1973; Mondal et al., 1976)
21. Toddalia sp.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) nasturtii Kaltenbach, 1843 (Raychaudhuri, 1973; Rao & Kulkarni, 1977)
22. Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (syn. Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb.) (syn.
Zanthoxylum ornatum misnomer)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Mondal et al., 1976; Rao &
Kulkarni, 1977)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Mondal et al., 1976; Chakrabarti &
Sarkar, 2001)
• Aphis (Aphis) odinae (van der Goot, 1917) (Raychaudhuri, 1973; Mondal et al., 1976)
• Neomyzus circumflexus (Buckton, 1876) (Raychaudhuri, 1973)
• Sinomegoura photiniae (Takahashi, 1936) (Chakrabarti & Sarkar, 2001)
Chaitophorinae: Siphini
• Sipha (Rungsia) maydis Passerini, 1860 (Chakrabarti & Debnath, 2009)
23. Zanthoxylum sp.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Raychaudhuri, 1978)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Raychaudhuri, 1973; Mondal et al.,
1976)
• Myzus (Myzus) ornatus Laing, 1932 (Raychaudhuri, 1973)
24. Unidentified species
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Raychaudhuri et al., 1980a)
VI. Family: Sapindaceae
The Sapindaceae also called the soapberry family, contains 138 genera and 1751
accepted species (TPL, 2022) and includes horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The
members of this family are distributed especially in temperate to tropical regions
throughout the world. The members of this family are from trees to herbaceous plants.
Many of them contain latex, a milky sap, and many contain mildly toxic saponins with soap-
like qualities in the foliage and/or the seeds or roots. In India, the family includes 57 species
of 22 genera, commonly found in northeast and northwest Himalayas, however, only 12
species are used as host plants by one or other species of aphids. Of these, a few members
are economically important, e.g. lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) grown for its edible fruit,
hopbush (Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq.) grown for timber, and maples (Acer spp.) used as
ornamental trees, timber as well as making some sort of soups. All these 12 species of plants
of Sapindaceae are used as host plants by 19 species of aphids belonging to 8 genera and 4
subfamilies (Aphidinae, Chaitophorinae, Drepanosiphinae and Greenideinae) in India. The
maximum number of aphid species (5 species) were found to infest Acer sterculiaceum
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Wall. followed by Acer acuminatum Wall. Ex D. Don and Acer caesium Wall. Ex D. Brandis
(each by 4 species of aphids), Acer oblongum Wall. Ex DC. and Litchi chinensis Sonn. (each
by 3 species of aphids) and less number of aphid species on other plants.
Among the 24 species of aphids infesting members of Sapindaceae, three species,
Periphyllus californiensis (Shinji), Yamatochaitophorus albus (Takahashi) and
Trichaitophorus aceris Takahashi infest 3 plant species, followed by Aphis (Toxoptera)
aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., Drepanosiphum platanoides (Shrank), Periphyllus aceriphaga
Chakrabarti & Mandal, Periphyllus garhwalensis Chakrabarti & Mandal, Periphyllus
vandenboschi Hille Ris Lambers, Periphyllus villosii Chakrabarti, and Yamatocallis
brevicauda Chakrabarti (2 plant species). Other species of Sapindaceae are infested only by
single species of aphids in India.
Following is the updated checklist of aphids infesting plants belonging to Sapindaceae in
India.
1. Acer acuminatum Wall. Ex D. Don
Chaitophorinae: Chaitophorini
• Periphyllus aceriphaga Chakrabarti & Mandal, 1987 (Chakrabarti & Sarkar, 2001)
• Periphyllus garhwalensis Chakrabarti & Mandal, 1987 (Chakrabarti & Sarkar, 2001)
• Periphyllus villosii Chakrabarti, 1977 (Maity et al., 1980)
• Yamatochaitophorus albus (Takahashi, 1961) (Chakrabarti & Sarkar, 2001)
2. Acer caesium Wall. Ex D. Brandis
• Periphyllus caesium Chakrabarti & Saha, 1987 (Chakrabarti et al., 1987)
• Periphyllus vandenboschi Hille Ris Lambers, 1966 (Ghosh, 1980; Bhagat, 1981)
Drepanosiphinae
• Drepanosiphum platanoides (Shrank, 1801) (Chakrabarti, 1988; Bhagat, 1985)
3. Acer caudatum Wall.
• Periphyllus aceriphaga Chakrabarti & Mandal, 1987 (Chakrabarti et al., 1987)
• Periphyllus garhwalensis Chakrabarti & Mandal, 1987 (Chakrabarti et al., 1987)
4. Acer laevigatum Wall.
• Periphyllus sp. (Biswas et al., 1969)
5. Acer oblongum Wall. Ex DC.
• Periphyllus californiensis (Shinji, 1917) (Ghosh, 1980)
• Periphyllus testudinaceus (Fernie, 1852) (Chakrabarti & Raychaudhuri, 1975b;
Raychaudhuri, 1980)
Drepanosiphinae
• Drepanosiphum oregonensis Granovsky, 1939 (Chakrabarti, 1988; Ghosh & Quednau,
1990)
6. Acer pictum Thunb.
• Trichaitophorus aceris Takahashi, 1937 (Ghosh, 1980)
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7. Acer sterculiaceum Wall. (syn. Acer villosum)

• Chaitophorus clarus Tseng & Tao, 1936 (Chakrabarti, 1972; Chakrabarti &
Raychaudhuri, 1975a)
• Periphyllus villosii Chakrabarti, 1977 (Chakrabarti & Raychaudhuri, 1975a; Ghosh,
1980)
• Trichaitophorus aceris Takahashi, 1937 (Chakrabarti & Raychaudhuri, 1975a; Ghosh,
1980)
Drepanosiphinae
• Yamatocallis brevicauda Chakrabarti, 1988 (Chakrabarti, 1988; Ghosh & Quednau,
1990)
8. Acer sp.
• Periphyllus bengalensis Ghosh & Raychaudhuri, 1972 (Raychaudhuri, 1973; Ghosh,
1980)
• Periphyllus californiensis (Shinji, 1917) (Chakrabarti & Raychaudhuri, 1975b;
Raychaudhuri, 1980)
• Periphyllus californiensis darjeelingensis David ex Raychaudhuri et al., 1980
(Raychaudhuri et al., 1980b)
• Periphyllus himalayensis Chakrabarti, 1977 (Ghosh, 1980; Ghosh, 1986)
• Periphyllus hirticornis (Walker, 1848) (Chakrabarti & Sarkar, 2001)
• Periphyllus pallidus Chakrabarti & Saha, 1987 (Chakrabarti et al., 1987)
• Periphyllus vandenboschi Hille Ris Lambers, 1966 (Ghosh, 1980; Ghosh, 1977)
• Trichaitophorus aceris Takahashi, 1937 (Chakrabarti & Mandal, 1986)
Drepanosiphinae
• Drepanosiphum platanoides (Shrank, 1801) (Chakrabarti & Sarkar, 2001;
Chakrabarti, 1988)
• Yamatocallis brevicauda Chakrabarti, 1988 (Chakrabarti, 1988)
9. Aesculus indica (Wall. ex Cambess.) Hook.

Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Brachycaudus (Brachycaudus) helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843) (Chakrabarti, 1972)
• Periphyllus aesculi Hille Ris Lambers, 1933 (Ghosh, 1980; Agarwala & Raychaudhuri,
1982)
10. Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Raha, 1979)
11. Litchi chinensis Sonn. (sephelium litchi Cambess)
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, 1854 (Ganguli & Ghosh, 1965)
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Basu & Banerjee, 1958; Mondal et
al., 1976)
• Greenidea (Greenidea) ficicola Takahashi, 1921 (Raychaudhuri, 1973; Ghosh &
Agarwala, 1993)
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12. Sapindus sp.

• Greenidea (Trichosiphum) bucktonis Ghosh, Basu & Raychaudhuri, 1970 (Ghosh &
Agarwala, 1993)
VII. Family: Simaroubaceae
The Simaroubaceae, a small, mostly pantropical family, contains only 19 genera and 121
valid species (TPL, 2022). In India, only 8 species belonging to 4 genera are recorded. The
well-known species is the Chinese tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle, a
cosmopolitan weed tree in the northeast and northwest India. Only this species is identified
as a host plant of three aphid species, Kaburagia ailanthi Chowdhari et al. being the
monophagous species.
Following is the updated checklist of aphids infesting plants belonging to
Simaroubaceae in India.
1. Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle (syn. Ailanthus glandulosa Desf.)
Eriosomatinae: Eriosomatini
• Tetraneura sp. (Bhagat, 1982, 1984)
• Kaburagia ailanthi Chowdhari, Basu, Chakrabarti & Raychaudhuri, 1969 (Ghosh et
al., 1981; Ghosh, 1986)
• Epipemphigus imaicus (Cholodkovsky, 1912) (Ghosh, 1977; Ghosh, 1986)
2. Ailanthus sp.
Aphidinae: Aphidini
• Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Boyer de Fonsc., 1841 (Behura, 1965; Mondal et al., 1976)
• Micromyzodium sp. (Ghosh, 1977)
• Kaburagia ailanthi Chowdhari, Basu, Chakrabarti & Raychaudhuri, 1969 (Chowdhuri
et al., 1969)
Of the 9 families grouped into the order Sapindales of the world, only 5
families, including 306 species, are represented in India, out of which 47 species
of plants are colonised by 67 species of aphids belonging to 29 genera of 6
subfamilies of the family Aphididae. Plants belonging to Rutaceae are more
vulnerable to aphid attack (19 species of plants infested by 21 species of aphids),
followed by Anacardiaceae (15 species of plants infested by 24 species of aphids)
and Sapindaceae (11 species of plants infested by 24 species of aphids) (Table 1).
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Table 1. Number of plant species belonging to the different families of the order Sapindales
in the world and India; number of host plant species of each family infested by aphids; and
number of aphid species infesting these plants.
Families of the In world In India

order Genera Species Genera Species Host plant Aphid
Sapindales species species
infested by infesting
aphids these host
plants
Anacardiaceae 77 701 24 74 15 24
Burseraceae 18 649 7 12 1 1
Meliaceae 52 669 23 80 5 8
Nitrariaceae 3 12 1 1 1 3
Rutaceae 158 1730 33 87 22 21
Sapindaceae 138 1751 22 57 12 24
Simaroubaceae 19 121 4 8 1 4
Total 465 5633 114 319 57 66
Among the aphid species, 60 species are almost monophagous, feeding on 1-5
plant species belonging to 1-2 families, and the remaining 6 species are
polyphagous, feeding on 8-24 plant species belonging to 2-5 families. Highly
polyphagous species of aphids are Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii (25 plant species
belonging to 13 genera and all 5 families) followed by (Toxoptera) citricidus (15
plant species belonging to 6 genera and 2 families), Aphis (Aphis) odinae (15
plant species belonging to 8 genera and 2 families), Aphis (Aphis) gossypii (12
plant species belonging to 5 genera and 3 families), Aphis (Aphis) spiraecola (9
plant species belonging to 5 genera and 3 families), and Aphis (Aphis) craccivora
(8 plant species belonging to 3 genera and 3 families) (Table 2).
Table 2. Number of plants belonging to the order Sapindales infested by different species of
aphids in India.
Aphid species Plants infested by aphids

Families Genera Species
1. Acyrthosiphon (Acyrthosiphon) pisum 1 1 1
2. Aphis (Aphis) craccivora 3 3 8
3. Aphis (Aphis) fabae 1 2 2
4. Aphis (Aphis) gossypii 4 6 13
5. Aphis (Aphis) nasturtii 1 1 1
6. Aphis (Aphis) nerii 1 1 1
7. Aphis (Aphis) spiraecola 3 5 9
8. Aphis (Aphis) umbrella 2 2 2
9. Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantia 5 13 25
10. Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus 2 6 15
11. Aphis (Aphis) odinae 2 8 15
12. Aulacorthum (Aulacorthum) solani 1 1 1
13. Baizongia pistaciae 1 1 2
14. Brachycaudus (Brachycaudus) helichrysi 2 2 2
15. Brachyunguis (Brachyunguis) harmalae 1 1 1
16. Cervaphis schouteniae 1 1 1
17. Chaitophorus clarus 1 1 1
18. Chromaphis hirsutustibis 2 2 2
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Aphid species Plants infested by aphids

Families Genera Species
19. Clethrobius dryobius 1 1 1
20. Drepanosiphum oregonensis 1 1 1
21. Drepanosiphum platanoides 1 1 2
22. Epipemphigus imaicus 1 1 1
23. Eutrichosiphum blackmanum 1 1 1
24. Eutrichosiphum khasyanum
25. Forda marginata 1 1 1
26. Forda orientalis 1 1 1
27. Forda riccobonii 1 1 1
28. Formosaphis micheliae 1 1 1
29. Geoica utricularia 1 1 1
30. Greenidea (Greenidea) aborensis 1 1 1
31. Greenidea (Greenidea) ficicola 2 2 2
32. Greenidea (Greenidea) longicornis 1 1 1
33. Greenidea (Trichosiphum) bucktonis 1 1 1
34. Greenidea (Trichosiphum) psidii 2 3 3
35. Hayhurstia atriplicis 1 1 1
36. Hyperomyzus (Hyperomyzus) lactucae 1 1 1
37. Kaburagia ailanthi 1 1 2
38. Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) centranthi 1 1 1
39. Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) euphorbiae 1 1 1
40. Mollitrichosiphum (Metatrichosiphon) rhusae 1 1 1
41. Myzus (Myzus) ornatus 1 1 1
42. Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae 1 2 5
43. Neobetulaphis chaetosiphon 1 1 1
44. Neobetulaphis pusilla 1 1 1
45. Neomyzus circumflexus 2 2 2
46. Periphyllus aceriphaga 1 2 2
47. Periphyllus aesculi 1 1 1
48. Periphyllus bengalensis 1 1 1
49. Periphyllus caesium 1 1 1
50. Periphyllus californiensis 1 2 2
51. Periphyllus californiensis darjeelingensis 1 1 1
52. Periphyllus garhwalensis 1 2 2
53. Periphyllus himalayensis 1 1 1
54. Periphyllus hirticornis 1 1 1
55. Periphyllus pallidus 1 1 1
56. Periphyllus testudinaceus 1 1 1
57. Periphyllus vandenboschi 1 1 2
58. Periphyllus villosii 1 1 2
59. Sinomegoura citricola 1 3 5
60. Sinomegoura photiniae 1 1 1
61. Sinomegoura symplocois 1 1 1
62. Tetraneura sp. 1 1 1
63. Trichaitophorus aceris 1 1 3
64. Uroleucon (Uromelan) jaceae 1 1 3
65. Uroleucon (Uromelan) echinatus 1 1 1
66. Yamatocallis brevicauda 1 1 2
67. Yamatochaitophorus albus 1 1 3
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Aphids belonging to 6 subfamilies are recorded to infest 7 families of plants

belonging to the order Sapindales. Regarding the subfamilywise distribution of
aphid species, the maximum aphid species infesting plants of the order
Sapindales belong to the subfamily Aphidinae (10 genera, 24 species), infesting 31
species of 22 genera of plants, while other subfamilies of aphids are poorly
represented, and infesting only 1–7 plant species belonging to 1-4 families (Table
3). The tribe Fordini is usually associated with Pistacia (Anacardiaceae) plant
species (Peccouda et al., 2010; Singh & Singh, 2017f), Drepanosiphinae are
associated with Acer spp. (Sapindaceae) (Singh & Singh, 2016) while most of the
member of tribe Aphidini and Macrosiphini are polyphagous (Singh & Singh,
2017a-d). The aphid species belonging to other tribes, such as Calaphidini,
Panaphidini are associated with Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Juglandaceae,
Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Ulmaceae (Singh & Singh, 2017e) and not to the plants of
families of Sapindales. The Chaitophorini are mostly associated with Sapindaceae
though few members infest plants belonging to 11 other families (Singh & Singh,
2016). Though, the aphids belonging to the subfamily Greenideinae are associated
with distantly related 46 families of plants, atleast 50 species of aphids are
associated with the family Fagaceae, and very few species (7 species) are found to
feed few plants belonging to Sapindales (Singh & Singh, 2017g).
Table 3. Number of aphid species belonging to different subfamilies infesting plants under
the order Sapindales in India.
Subfamilies/Tribes of the family Aphid species Plants infested by the aphids

Aphididae Genera Species Families Genera Species
1. Subfamily: Aphidinae 10 24 5 23 32
I. Tribe: Aphidini 3 13 5 19 26
II. Tribe: Macrosiphini 8 12 3 8 12
2. Subfamily: Calaphidinae 4 5 2 2 3
I. Tribe: Calaphidini 3 4 1 1 2
II. Tribe: Panaphidini 1 1 2 2 2
3. Subfamily: Chaitophorinae 4 14 1 1 7
I. Tribe: Chaitophorini 4 15 1 1 8
4. Subfamily: Drepanosiphinae 2 3 1 1 3
5. Subfamily: Eriosomatinae 9 10 3 4 5
I. Tribe: Eriosomatini 3 3 1 1 1
II. Tribe: Fordini 5 6 3 3 4
III. Tribe: Pemphigini 1 1 1 1 1
6. Subfamily: Greenideinae 3 7 4 7 7
I. Tribe: Cervaphidini 1 1 1 1 1
II. Tribe: Greenideini 2 6 4 6 6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors (M.E. Ahmad, Dipti Nawal and Nidhi Sinha) are thankful to the Head of the
University Department of Zoology, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar for
providing facilities.
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Aphids Infesting Plants of The Order Spindales in India

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Aphids Infesting Plants of The Order Spindales in India

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Munis Entomology & Zoology Mun. Ent. Zool.

APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) INFESTING PLANTS OF

| Rajendra Singh* | Md. Equbal Ahmad** |

* Department of Zoology, Deendayal Upadhyay University of Gorakhpur, U.P., INDIA. E-

KEY WORDS: Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Nitrariaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae,

Sapindales is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants having 7981 species grouped

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

10. Rhus pruinosa Hoffmanns. (syn. Rhus nepalensis Hoffmanns.)

III. Family: Meliaceae

VI. Family: Sapindaceae

7. Acer sterculiaceum Wall. (syn. Acer villosum)

9. Aesculus indica (Wall. ex Cambess.) Hook.

12. Sapindus sp.

VII. Family: Simaroubaceae

Families of the In world In India

Aphid species Plants infested by aphids

Aphid species Plants infested by aphids

Aphids belonging to 6 subfamilies are recorded to infest 7 families of plants

Subfamilies/Tribes of the family Aphid species Plants infested by the aphids

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