CHECKLIST OF SPECIES IN DENDROLOGY

Revised Edition 2020

Roseller R. Ayson
Forestry Department, College of Agriculture, Food and Sustainable Development
Mariano Marcos State University, City of Batac 2906 Ilocos Norte

FAMILY Common Name Scientific Name

FERN ALLIES
SELAGINELLACEAE Willk. (1 genus. Widespread. Terrestial or rarely epiphytic.)

Kamariang gubat Selaginella plana Hieron

Peacock fern Selaginella willdenowii Baker
FERNS
PTERIDACEAE Widespread. Terrestial.)
Golden mangrove fern Acrostichum aureum Linn.
Alambrillo/Maiden Hair Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn.
Alambrillong gubat Adiantum caudatum L.
Kaikai Adiantum philippense L.
Silver fern Pityrogramma calomelanos (l.) Link
Pakong sundang Pteris ensiformis Burm.
Giant bracken fern Pteris tripartite Sw.
Rusty brake Pteris vittata L.

ASPLENIACEAE Mett. Ex A.B. Frank (9 genera. Widespread. Terrestial or epiphytic.)

Pakpak lawin Asplenium musaefolium Mett.
Pakpak lawin lalake Asplenium nidus L.

AZOLLACEAE Wettst. (1 genus. Widespread. Free-floaating aquatics.)

Azolla Azolla pinnata R. Br.

BLECHNACEAE (C. Presl) Copel (9 genera. Widespread. Terrestial sometimes climbing.)

Patugo Blechnum egregium Copel.
Pakong alagdan Blechnum orientale L.
Diliman Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd.

CYATHEACEAE Kaulf. (1 genus. Tropical to warm temperate. Tree ferns

Pakong buwaya Cyathea contaminans (Hook) Copel

DAVALLIACEAE Mett. Ex A.B. Frank (10 genera. Tropical and temperate. Terrestial or
lithophytic.)
Rabbits foot fern Davallia solida (Forst) Sw.

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Ching (47 genera. Widespread. Terrestial or lithophytic)

Blue fern Cyclopeltis crenata (Fee) C. Chr.
Pako Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.
GLEICHENIACEAE (R.Br.) C. Presl. (4 genera. Widespread in tropics. Terrestial,
often in dense stands.)
Kilob Dicranopteris linearis (Burrm.) Underw.

MARATTIACEAE (Bercht. & J. Presl (4 genera. Tropics and subtropics. Terrestial,

often massive.)
Salaguisog Angiopteris palmiformis (Cav.) C. Chr.

OLEANDRACEAE (J. Sm.) Ching ex Pic Serm. (4 genera. Tropical to warm temp. Terrestial
or epiphytic.)
Pakong kalabaw Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott
Kaliskis ahas Oleandra pistillaris (Sw.) C. Chr.

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE (R. Br.) C. Agardh (3 genera. Widespread. Terrestial or epiphytic.)

Tukod langit Helmintostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook
_______________
*exotic
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POLYPODIACEAE (Bercht & J. Presl (47 genera. Tropical to temperate. Terrestial or

epiphytic.)
Kabkab Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Sm.
Pakong bato Microsorium longissimum (J. Sm.) Fee
Common staghorn fern Platecerium coronarium (J. Koenig ex Muell.) Desv.
Giant staghorn fern Platecerium grande (Fee) Sm. ex Presl
Pagong pagongan Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) Plc. Serm.

PTERIDACEAE Spreng ex Jameson (6 genera. Widespread. Terrestial.)

SCHIZAEACEAE Kaulf. (4 genera. Tropics and S. warm temperate. Terrestial or

climbing.)
Nitong puti Lygodium circinnatum (Burm) Sw.
Nito Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw.
Nitong pula Lygodium japonicum Sw.

CYCADS
CYCADACEAE Pers. (1 genus. Madagascar, tropical Asia to Australasa
Australasia and Pacific.)
Oliva *Cycas revoluta Thunb.
Pitogo Cycas rumphii Miq.
Pitogonng dagat Cycas edentate de Laub.
Culion pitogo Cycas wadei Merr.

CONIFERS
ARAUCARIACEAE Henkel & W. Hochst. (2 genera. S. America, Pacific, Australasia, S.E.
Asia. Trees.)
Palawan almaciga Agathis celebica (Koord.) Warb.
Almaciga Agathis philippinensis Warb.
Bunya pine *Araucaria bidwilli Hook.
Araucaria *Araucaria columnaris (Forst) Hook.
Norfolk Island pine *Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco

CUPRESSACEAE Bartl. (29 genera. Widespread. Shrubs to trees.)

Portuguese cypress *Cupressus lusitanica Mill.
Italian cypress *Cupressus sempervirens L.
Shore junifer *Juniferus conferta Parl.
Creeping junifer *Juniferus horizontalis
Pencil cedar *Juniferus virginianus L.
Arbor vitae *Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco

GNETACEAE L. (1 genus. Widespread in tropics. Mostly lianas,

some shrubs or trees.)
Bago Gnetum gnemon L.

PODOCARPACEAE Endl. (17 genera. S. Hemisphere, north to Japan and C.

America. Trees and shrubs.)
Banahaw igem Dacrycarpus cumingii (Parl.) de Laub.
Igem Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub.
Malaalmaciga Nageia wallichianus (Presl) o. Kuntze
Dalung Phyllocladus hypophyllus Hook.
Igem dagat Podocarpus costalis Presl.
Malaadelfa Podocarpus neriifolia D. Don ex Lamb
Igem bilog Podocarpus rotundus de Laub.
Malakauayan Podocarpus rumphii Blume.

PINACEAE Lindl. (10 genera. N. hemisphere to Malesia and C. America.

Mostly trees.)
Benguet pine Pinus insularis Endl.
Mindoro pine Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vr.
TAXACEAE Gray. (5 genera. N. hemisphere to Malesia and new Celedonia.
Trees, shrubs.)
Amugauen Taxus sumatrana (Miq.) de Laub.
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ANGIOSPERMS (MONOCOTS)

ALISMATALES
ARACEAE Juss. (108 genera. Widespread, especially tropics. Mostly
herbs, some climbers.)
Biga Alocasia macrorhizza (L.) Schott
Micholitz’s alocasia Alocasia micholitziana Hort. ex Sander
Badyang Alocasia portei Schott.
Sander’s alocasia Alocasia sanderiana Bull.
Gabing tigre Alocasia zebrine C. Koch & Vietch
Pongapong Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.)
Blume ex Decne
Devil’s tongue Amorphophallus revieri Durieu.
Lusegut Amydrium medium (Zoll. & Mor.) Nicolson
Corazon de Maria *Caladium bicolor (Ait.) Vent.
Gabi *Colocasia esculentum (L.) Schott
Dumb cane *Dieffenbachia amoena Bull.
Dieffenbachia *Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Dion
Alopayi Homalomena philippinensis Engl. ex
Engl. & Krause
Pakpak paniki Philodendron lacerum (Jacq.) Schott
Bolong kahinai Photodium lobbanium Schott
Dugtong Photos hermaphroditus (Blanco) Merrr.
Amlong Rhaphidophora merrillii Engl.
Tibatib Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schott
Yellow water plant *Scindapsus aureus (Lindl. & Andre) Engl.
Lukmoy Scindapsus curranii Engl. & Krause
Puto-putohan Scindapsus pictus Hassk.
Kamay kastila Syngonium podophyllum Schott
Gabing nuno *Typhorium trrilobatum Schott
Yautia Xanthosoma violaceum Schott

ASPARAGALES
AGAVACEAE Endl. (9 genera. New World and India to Australia. Rosette
herbs to trees.)
American maguey *Agave americana L. var. marginata Hort.
Maguey *Agave cantula Roxb.
Sisal hemp *Agave sisalana (Engl.) Perr.
Spanish dagger *Yucca gloriosa

AMARYLLIDACEAE Juss. (50 genera. Widespread. Mostly bulbous herbs, or rarely

rhizomatous, herbs.)
Bakong Crinum asiaticum L.
Amazon lily *Eucharis grandiflora Planch.
Katunggal Eurycles amboinensis (L.) Lindl.
Spider lily Hymeocallis littorale (Jacq.) Salisb.

CONVALLARIACEAE P. Horaninow (24 genera. Widespread; temp. and tropics.

Herbs to trees.)
Malasambal Dracaena angustifolia Roxb.
Fortune plant Dracaena fragrans Ker-Gawi
Song of India *Dracaena reflexa Lam.
Rainbow tree *Dracaena marginata Lam.
Gold Dust Dracaena Dracaena surculosa Lindl.
Bowstring *Sanseviera triflasciata Prain.
Striped Bowstring Hemp *Sanseviera triflasciata Prain. Var.
laurentii N. E. Br.
HYPOXIDACEAE R. Br. (9 genera. Tropics and S. Africa. Rhizomatous and cormous herbs).
Abang-abang Curculigo capitulata (Lour.) O. Kuntze

LAXMANNIACEAEAE (15 genera. Predominantly Australian, also Madagascar, India and S.

America. Tufted perennial herbs.)
Sagilala Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth.
Baston de san Jose Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth. Var.
ferrea
 4

ORCHIDACEAE Juss (775 genera. Widespread. Perrenial herbs, epiphytic, some

saprophytes.)
Spider orchid Arachnis flos-aeris J. J. Smith
Forked pair Calanthe furcata Batem. ex. Lindl.
Sanggumay Dendrobium anosmum Lindl.
Pajarito Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.
Comely marked orchid Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume
Marisposa Phalaenopsis Aphrodite Reichp. f.
Tiger orchid Phalaenopsis schilleriana Reichb. F
Ground orchid Sphathoglottis plicata Blume
Waling waling Vanda sanderiana Reichb. f.

DIOCOREALES
DIOSCOREACEAE R. Br. (5 genera. Widespread trop. and subtrop., rarely temp.
Herbs, shrubs, vines.)
Ubi Dioscorea alata L.
Bayag turo Dioscorea bulbifera L.
Tugi Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk.
Nami Dioscorea hispida Dennstdt
Pakit Dioscorea luzonensis Schauser
Lima lima Dioscorea pentaphylla L.

TACCACEAE Dumort. (1 genus. Widespread in tropics, esp. S.E. Asia. Rhizomatous or

tuberous herbs.)
Bat flower Tacca integrifolia Ker-Gawl.
Payong-payongan Tacca palmate Blume
Yabyaban Tacca pinnatifida Forst.

PANDANALES
CYCLANTHACEAE Poit. ex A Rich. (12 genera. New World tropics. Rhizomatous
herbs, shrubs, lianas.)
Panama hat palm *Carludovica palmate Ruiz & Pav.

PANDANACEAE R. Br. (3 genera. Old world tropics to New Zealand. Trees, shrub, lianas.)
Looi-looi Freycinetia sphaeerocephala Gaudich.
Vayasubas Freycinetia williamsii Merr.
Pandan banguhan Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.
Bariu Pandanus copelandii Merr.
Taboan Pandanus dubius Spreng.
Pandan layugan Pandanus exaltatus Blanco
Laguloi Pandanus gracilis Blanco
Alas-as Pandanus luzonensis Merr.
Pandan dagat Pandanus tectorius Soland.
Mottled pandan *Pandanus veitchii Hort.

ARECALES
ARECACEAE (PALMAE) C.H. Schultz-Schultztzennstein (200 genera. Widespread
trop.subtrop., rarely temp. Trees, subshrubs, lianas.)
Manila palm Adonida merrillii
Martinez palm *Alphanes caryotafolia (HBK.) M. Wendl. & Drude
Queensland palm *Archantophoenix alexandriae H. Wendl. & Drude
Mono Areca camarinernsis Becc.
Bunga Areca catechu L.
Bungang ipod Areca ipot Becc.
Takobtob Areca parens Becc.
Malayana *Areca vestiaria Giseke
Kaong Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.
Dumayaka Arenga tremula (Blanco) Merr.
Ambong Arenga undulatifolia Becc.
Sika Calamus caesius Blume
Kumaboi Calamus discolor Mart.
Litoko Calamus manillensis H. Wendl.
Palasan Calamus merrillii Becc.
Tandulang gubat Calamus microcarpus Becc.
Limuran Calamus ornatus Blume var. philippinensis Becc.
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Apas Calamus reyesianus Becc.

Biri Calamus siphonospathus Mart.
Tandulang parang Calamus usitatus Blanco
Pugahan Caryota cumingii Lodd.
Takipan Caryota rumphiana Mart. var. philippinensis Becc.
Palmera *Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl.
Niog Cocos nucifera L.
Buri Corypha elata Lamk.
Red palm *Cyrstostachys renda Blume
Ditaan Daemonorops mollis (Blanco) Merr.
Sumulid Daemonorops archrolepis Becc.
African oil palm *Elaeis guineensis Jacq.
Yanisi Heterospathe califrons Fernando
Saguisi Heterospathe elata Scheff.
Marighoi Heterospathe intermedia (Becc.) Fernando
Spindle palm *Hyophorbe verschaffeltii H. Wendl.
Bottle palm *Hyophorbe lagenicaulis (L.H. Bailey) H. E. Moore
Danan Korthalsia laciniosa Mart.
Balatbat bilog *Licuala grandis H. Wendl.
Balatbat Licuala spinosa Wurmb.
Chinese anahau *Livistona chinensis Mart.
Merrill anahau Livistona merrillii Becc.
Anahau Livistona rotundifolia (Lam.) Mart.
Tarau Livistona saribas (Lour.) Merr. Ex A. Chev.
Sago palm Metroxylon sagu Rottb.
Madagascar palm *Neodypsis decaryi H. Jumelle
Nipa Nypa fruticans Wurmb.
Anibong liitan Oncosperma gracilipes Becc.
Palindan Orania palindan (Blanco) Merr.
Date palm *Phoenix dactylifera L.
Voyavoi Phoenix hancaena Naud. var.
philippinensis Becc.
Dwarf phoenix Phoenix robellini
Bikol abiki Pinanga bicolana Fernando
Abiki Pinanga copelandii Becc.
Kuhi abiki *Pinanga coronata (Blume ex Mart.) Blume
Sarauag Pinanga insignis Becc.
Mottled abiki Pinanga maculata Porte ex Lem.
Bungang dakigan Pinanga philippinensis Becc.
Banisan Pinanga speciosa Becc.
Solitaire palm *Ptychosperma elegans Blume
MacArthur palm *Ptychosperma macarthurii H. Wendl.
Rhapis *Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) Henry
Royal palm *Roystonea regia (HBK.) O. F. Cook
Salak *Salacca zalacca (J. Gaertner) Voss ex Vilmorin
Tamy’s palm *Siphokentia beguinii Burr.
Foxtail palm *Wodyetia bifurcate A. K. Irvine

COMMELINALES
COMMELINACEAE R. Br. (40 genera. Widespread in tropics, rarely temp. Herbs,
sometimes climbing.)
Alikbangon Commelina benghalensis L.
Kulasing Cyanotis cristata L.
Alikbangon lalaki Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan
Salibangon Pollia secundiflora (Blume) Bekh. f.
Sundang hari Rhoeo spathacea (Swartz) Steam.
Wandering dew *Zebrina pendula (Schritzl.

POALES
CYPERACEAE Juss. (122 genera. Widespread. Herbs.)
Umbrella grass *Cyperus flabelliformis Rottb.
Busikad Cyperus kyllingia Endl.
Mutha Cyperus rotundus L.
Sarat Sciera scrobiculata Nees
 6

FLAGELLARIACEAE Dumort. (1 genus. Old World tropics lianas.)

Baling-uai Flagellaria indica L.

POACEAE Barnhart (GRAMINAE) (650 genera. Widespread. Herbs or bamboos.)

Tonkin cane/Tea stick bamboo *Arundinaria amabilis
Tambo Arundo donax
Indian bamboo *Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd.
Loleba *Bambusa atra Lindl.
Lopa *Bambusa cornuta Munro
Taiwan bamboo *Bambusa dolichomerithalla Hayata
Chinese dwarf bamboo *Bambusa glaucescens (Willd.) Sieb. ex
Munro
Variegated Malay dwarf bamboo *Bambusa heterostachya
Tiger/Spotted bamboo *Bambusa maculata Widjaja
Merrill bamboo Bambusa merillii Gamble
Honshou-chiku *Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raenschel
ex. J. A. & J. H. Schults forma variegata
(Camus) Hatusima
Chinese goddess bamboo *Bambusa multiplex var. riviereorum
Oldham bamboo *Bambusa oldhamii Munro
Kawayan tinik *Bambusa spinosa Roxb.
Spineless Indian bamboo *Bambusa tulda Roxb.
Taiwan useful bamboo *Bambusa utilis Liu
Buddha bamboo *Bambusa ventricosa McClure
Kawayang kiling Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.
Kawayang dilaw Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex. Wendl.
var. striata (Lodd.) Gamble
Wamin *Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex. Wendl.
cv. wamin McClure
Iron bamboo *Ferrocalamus strictus
Tigbi *Coix lachryma-jobi L.
Paua Cyrtochloa fenixii (Gamble) S. Dransf.
Bokaui Cyrtochloa toppingii (Gamble) S. Dransf.
Machiku *Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro
Waya *Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro
Bayog Dendrocalamus merrillianus (Elm.) Elm.
Calcutta bamboo *Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees.
Bikal Dinochloa acutiflora (Munro) S. Dransf.
Bikal babui Dinochloa luconiae (Munro) Merr.
Bagto Dinochloa palawense (Gamble) S. Dransf.
Giant bolo Gigantochloa aspera Kurz.
Black bamboo *Gigantochloa astroviolacea Widjaja
Kayali *Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz
Bolo Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr.
Guadua *Guadua angustifolia Kunth
Cogon Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.
Muli *Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz
Ma-dake/Timber bamboo *Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. & Zucc.
Taiwan bamboo *Phyllostachys edulis (Cam.) Riviere
Running bamboo *Phyllostachys negripes Hayata
Kuro-chiku *Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro
Moso/Edible bamboo *Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex. H. de Leh.
Okina-dake *Pleioblastus argenteostriatus (Regel) Nakai
Kamuro-zasa *Pleioblastus viridistriatus (Siebold) Makino
Agingay Roetboellia exaltata
Talahib Saccharum spontaneum L.
Nemagari-daki *Sasa kurilensis (Ruprecht) Makino & Shibata
Miyako-zasa *Sasa niponica Makino
Green buho *Schizostachyum brachycladum (Kurz) Kurz
Anos Schizostachyum lima (Blanco) Merr.
Buho Schizostachyum lumampao (Blanco) Merr.
Kalbang Schizostachyum textorium (Blanco)Merr.
Buhong dilaw Schizostachyum zollingeri Steud.
Ayas-as Setaria palmifolia (Koenig) Stapf.
Okama-zasa *Shibataea kumasaca (Zoll.) Nakai
 7

Laak Sphaerobambos philippinensis (Gamble)S. Dransf.

Thailand bamboo *Thyrsostachys siamensis (Kurz) Gamble
Utod *Yushania niitakayamensis (Hayata) Keng f.
Tambo Thysonolaena latifolia (Roxb. Ex
Hornem.) Honda

TYPHACEAE Juss. (2 genera. Widespread esp. N. Hemisphere. Rhizomatous herbs,

aquatic or wetland.)
Cat tail Typha angustifolia L.

ZINGIBERALES
CANNACEAE Juss. (1 genus. New World tropics. Rhizomatous herbs.)
Tikas pula *Canna coccinea Mill.
Bandera española *Canna flacida Salisb.
Canna *Canna glauca L.
Tikas tikas *Canna indica
Tikas *Canna warcewiczii Dietr.
COSTACEAE (Meisn.) Nokai (4 genera. Widespread in tropics. Rhizomatous herbs.)
Insulin plant *Costus igneus
Tubang-usa Costus speciosus (Koenig) Smith

HELICONIACEAE (A. Rich.) Nakai (1 genus. Tropical American to Pacific. Rhizomatous herbs.)
herbs.)
Rusty banana *Heliconia angusta Vell.
Yellow plantain *Heliconia bihai (L.) L.
Lobster’s claw *Heliconia humilis Jacq.
Pink banana *Heliconia ilustris
Red leaf heliconia *Heliconia metallica Planch. & Lindl. ex
Hook.
False bird of paradise *Heliconia platystachys Baker.
Narrrow leaf heliconia *Heliconia psittacorum L. f.

MARANTACEAE O. Peterson (30 genera. Tropical esp. New World. Rhizomatous herbs
to lianas.)
Bamban Donax cannaeformis (G. Forst.) K.
Schum.
Arrow root *Maranta arundinacea L.
Mottled arrow root *Maranta arundinacea L. var. variegata Hort.
Hagithit Phrynium philippinensis Ridl.

MUSACEAE Juss. (2 genera. Old World tropics. Giant herbs with pseudostems.)
Saging matsing Musa acuminata Colla
Saging pula Musa coccinea Andr.
Ornamental banana *Musa ornate Roxb.
Abaka Musa textiles Nees

STRELITZIACEAE (k Schum) Hutch) (3 genera. S. Africa, Madagascar, S. America.

Giant herbs to trees)
Traveller’s palm *Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn.
Bird of Paradise Strelitzia nicolai

ZINGIBERACEAE Lindl. (50 genera. Widespread intropics. Rhizomatous herbs.)

Tagbak Alpinia elegans (Presl.) K. Schum.
Pal-la Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw. var. pyramidata
(Blume) K. Schum.
Langkuas Alpinia pyramidata Blanco
Shell ginger Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt & Smith
Lampuyang *Curcuma zedeoaria (Christm.) Rosc.
Dilaw *Curcuma longa L.
Torch ginger *Etlingera elatior (Jack.) R.M. Smith
Luya-luyahan Globba campsophylla K. Schum.
Kamia *Hedychium coronarium Koenig.
Luya *Zingiber officinale Rosc.
Wild ginger *Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.
 8

ANGIOSPERMS (NON-MONOCOT PALEOHERBS)

PIPERACEAE C. Agardh (10 genera. Mostly tropical. Herbs, shrubs, lianas, small trees.)
Kubamba Heckeria umbellata Kunth.
Pansit pansitan Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK.
Ikmo Piper betle L.
Pamintang aso Piper interruptum Opiz var. interruptum
Litlit Piper interruptum Opiz var. loheri (C.DC.) Quis.
Paminta Piper nigrum L.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Juss. (7 genera. Tropical to warm-temperate. Herbs, shrubs,

lianas.)
Timbangan Aristolochia tagala Cham.

ANGIOSPERMS (DICOTS)
MAGNOLIACAE Juss. (17 genera. Widespread tropics to warm-temperate. Trees, shrubs.)
Candoli Magnolia cadollii
Magnolia *Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC.
Champakang puti *Michelia alba DC.
Champaka *Michelia champaca L.
Patangis Talauma villariana Rolfe

ANNONACEAE Juss. (125 genera. Widespread trop. and subtrop., rarely warm-temp.
Trees, shrubs and lianas.)
Kalai Alphonsea arborea (Blanco) Merr.
Bagang aso Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray
Guayabano *Annona muricata l.
Anonas *Annona reticulata L.
Atis *Annona squamosa L.
Ilang-ilang Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Hook. f. & Thoms.
Amuyong Goniothalamus amuyon (Blanco) Merr.
Takulau Miliusa vidalii Sinc.
Amunat Orophea luzoniensis
Anolang Papualthia lanceolata (Vid.) Merr.
Kalimatas Phaeanthus ebracteolatus (Presl.) Merr.
Bolon Platymitra arborea (Blanco) Kessler
Yellow lanutan Polyalthia flava Merr.
Indian lanutan *Polyalthia longifolia Benth. & Hook. f.
Biriba *Rollina mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.
Susong-damulag Uvaria rufa
Sudkad Xylopia dehiscens

MYRISTICACEAE R. Br. (18 genera. Tropical, mostly Asia and America. Trees.)
Anuping Gymnacranthera paniculata (A. DC.) Warb.
Horsfieldia Horsfieldia costulata
Yabnob Horsfieldia megacarpa Merr.
Tambalau Knema glomerata (Blanco) Merr.
Tanghas Myristica elliptica Wall ex Hook f. &
Thoms. var. simiarum (A. DC.) Sincl.)
Myristica Myristica fragrans
Duguan Myristica philippinensis Lam.

LAURACEAE Juss. (49 genera. Tropical and warm-temperate. Trees, shrubs, rarely
herbs.)
Hannag Actinodaphne bicolor Nees.
Actinodaphne Actinodaphne longipes
Babulo Alseodaphne longipes Quis. & Merr
Malabunga Alseodaphne malabonga (Blanco) Kosterm.
Tirukan Beilschmiendia glomerata Merr.
Beilschmiendia Beilschmiendia mannii
kawad-kawad Cassytha filiformis Linn.
Camphor Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm.
Kalingag Cinnamomum mercadoi Vid.
 9

Mindanao cinnamon Cinnamomum mindanense Elm.

Bagarilau Cryptocarya ampla Merr.
Cryptocaria Cryptocarya cagayanensis
Bonsi Cryptocarya densiflora Blume
Bulingog Cryptocarya elliptifolia Merr.
Baraan Cryptocarya griffitiana Wight
Loher Sayab Cryptocarya loheri Merr.
Margapali Dehassia triandra Merr.
Usua Endiandra coriacea Merr.
Mayebas Endiandra gitingensis Elm.
Usuang-saha Endiandra laxiflora Merr.
Tambulian Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijm. & Binn.
Sarirab Lindera apoensis Elm.
Bangulo Litsea garciae Vid.
Puso-puso Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob.
Dungoi Litsea luzonica (Blume) F. Vill.
Marang Litsea perrottetii (Blume) f. Vill.
Bakan Litsea philippinensis Merr.
Sablot Litsea sebifera Blume
Puso-puso Neolitsea vidalii Merr.
Ceylon bohian Neolitsea zeylanica (Nees) Merr.
Avocado *Persea gratissima Gaertn.

HERNANDIACEAE Blume (4 genera. Tropical. Trees, shrubs, lianas.)

Lapo-lapo Gyrocarpus amaricanus Jacq.
Binat Illigera luzonensis (Presl.) Merr.

MENISPERMACEAE Juss. (73 genera. Trop. to subtrop. Occas. temp. Mostly lianas,
rarely trees, herbs.)
Ligtang Anamitra cocculus (L.) Wight & Arm
Albutra Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.
Kaalad Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsute (Buck
ex DC.) Forman
Silong pugo Pericamphyllus glaucus (Lam.) Merr.
Ambal Pycnarrhena manillensis Vid.
Bayating Tinomiscum philippense Miers
Makabuhai puti Tinospora reticulata Miers

PROTEACEAE Juss. (69 genera. S. hemisphere to tropics, rarely N. hemisphere,

trees, shrubs.)
Silky oak *Grevillea robusta Cunn. Ex r. Br.
Helicia Helicia loranthoides
Malasalimai Helicia rigidiflora Sleum
Salimai-lakihan Helicia robusta Roxb.

VITACEAE Juss. (LEEACEAE) (14 genera. Tropics to warm temperate, mostly climbing
shrubs, trees, some herbs.)
Alangingi Cayratia trifolia (L.) Quis.
Amamali Leea aculeate Blume ex Spreng.
Gulod Leea aequata L.
Mali-mali Leea guineensis G. Don
Leea Leea manilensis
Kaliantan Leea philippinensis Merr.
Ayo Tetrastigma harmandii Planch.
Loher’s ayo Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep.

AMARANTHACEAE Juss. (70 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs.)

Hangod Achyranthes aspera L.
Kolitis Amaranthus spinosus
Aribugbug Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr.
Bayambang Deeringia polysperma (Roxb.) Moq.

NYCTAGINACEAE Juss. (38 genera. Tropics and subtropics, rarely temp. Trees, shrubs,
herbs.)
Bougainvillea *Bougainvillea spectabilis willd.
 10

Maluko *Pisonia grandis R. Br.

Anuling Pisonia umbellifera (Forst.) Seem.

NEPENTHACEAE Dumort. (1 genus. Madagascar to Australia, Malesia, and New

Caledonia. Pitcher plants.)
Pitcher plant Nepenthes alata Blanco

POLYGONACEAE Juss. (49 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs, some shrubs,

lianas, trees.)
Palosanto *Triplaris cumingiana Fisch. & Mey.

LORANTHACEAE Juss. (77 genera. Widespread. Hemiparasites usually on trees.)

Amyema Amyema artensis
Dendrophthoe Dendrophthoe clementis
Dapong kahoy Loranthus philippinensis Cham & Schlecht.

SANTALACEAE R. Br. (37 genera. Widespread. Hemiparasetic trees, shrubs, herbs.)

Banitog Champeria manillana (Blume) Merr.
Kasiray Exocarpus latiflorus R. Br.
Sandal wood *Santalum album L.

RAFFLESIACEAE Dumort (9 genera. Tropics occasionally warm-temperate. Root or

stem parasites.)
Malaboo Rafflesia manillana Teschem.

OLACACEAE Mirb.ex DC. (27 genera trop. and subtrop. Mostly hemiparasitic
trees, shrubs, lianas.)
Sainat Erythrropalum scandens Blume
Malabagio Olax imbricata Roxb.
Tamayuan Strombosia philippinensis (Bail.) Rolfe.

CELASTRACEAE R. Br. (85 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, lianas.)

Oriental Saffranhout *Elaeodendron orientale Jacq. f.
Alumanug Euonymus cochinchinensis
Malasangki Euonymus javanicus Blume
Abuab Lophopetalum javanicum (Zoll.) Turcz.
Matang ulang Siphonodon celastrineus Griff.

ICACINACEAE (Benth.) Miers (53 genera. Tropics and subtropics. Trees, shrubs, lianas.)
Mabunot Gomphandra luzoniensis (Merr.) Merr.
Taingang babui Gonocaryum calleryanum (Baill.) Becc.
Olo-olo Phytocrene blancoi (Azaola) Merr.

MALPHIGIACEAE Juss. (65 genera. Trop. subtrop., esp. New World Trees,
shrubs often climbing.)
Binusisi Tristellatea australasiae Rich.

CLUSIACEAE Lindl. (GUTTIFERAE) (45 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, lianas, herbs.)
Bitanghol Calophyllum blancoi Pl. & Tr.
Bitaog Calophyllum inophyllum L.
Salingogon Cratoxylum formusum (Jack) Dyer
Paguringon Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Dyer
Bunog Garcinia benthami Pierre
Binukaw Garcinia binucao (Blanco) Choisy
Pildes Garcinia dives Pierre
Taklang anak Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz
Mangosteen *Garcinia mangostana L.
Kamandilis Garcinia rubra Merr.
Gatasan-dagat Garcinia subelliptica Merr.
Gatasan Garcinia venulosa (Blanco) Choisy

EUPHORBIACEAE Juss. (33 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, herbs.)

Bogus Acalypha amentacea Roxb.
Lumbang *Aleurites moluccana L.
Bignai Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng
 11

Binayuyu Antidesma ghaesebilla Gaertn.

Bignai pugo Antidesma pentandrum (Blanco) Merr.
Bignai kalabaw Antidesma pleuricum Tul.
Baloiboi Baccaurea philippinensis (Merr.) Merr.
Dilak Baccaurea tetrandra (Bail.) Muell.-Arg.
Tuai Bischofia javanica Blume
Coral berry tree Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. f.) C. E. C. Fischer
Subiang Bridelia penangiana Hook. f.
Iba/Chermai Cicca acida (L.) Merr.
Santiki Cleidion spiciflorum (Burm. f.) Merr.
San Francisco *Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume
Kulispakatan Dimorphocalyx luzoniensis Merr.
Dilap Doryxylon spinosum
Gakakan Drypetes falcata (Merr.) Pax & K. Hoffm.
Bato-bato Drypetes littoralis (Merr.) Pax & K. Hoffm.
Tinaang pantai Drypetes maquilingensis (Merr.) Pax & K. Hoffm.
Kari-kari Drypetes subcrenata (Merr.) Pax & K. Hoffm.
Gubas Endospermum peltatum Merr.
Gatas-gatas Euphorbia hirta Linn.
Pascuas Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.
Bali-bali Euphorbia tirucalli
Para rubber *Hevea brasiliensis (HBK.) Muell. Arg.
Balanti Homolanthus populneus (Geisel.) Pax.
Mangagos Homonoia riparia
Sandbox *Hura crepitans L.
Tubang bakod Jatropha curcas L.
Tuba-tuba Jatropha gossypifolia L.
Peregrina Jatropha integerrima
Tubang Amerikano Jatropha multifida
Gout plant *Jatropha podagrica
Hamindang Macaranga bicolor Muell. Arg.
Takip asin Macaranga grandifolia (Blanco) Merr.
Binunga Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell. Arg.
Banato Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg.
Hinlaumo Mallotus ricinoides (Pers.) Muell. Arg.
Alim Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Reinw. ex.
Blume.) Reichtb. f. & Zol.
Apanang Neotrewia cumingii (Muell. Arg.) Pax. & K. Hoffm.
Sampa-sampalukan Phylanthus debilis Klein ex Willd.
Tinta-tintahan Phylanthus reticulates Poir.
Ibaiba-an Phylanthus urinaria L.
Baguilumbang Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw
Balakat gubat Sapium luzonicum (Vid.) Merr.
Anislag Securinega flexuosa Muell.-Arg.
Katap Trigonostemon philippinensis Stapf.

RHIZOPHORACEAE R. Br. (14 genera. Trees, shrubs, some mangroves.)

Bakauan gubat Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr.

PASSIFLORACEAE Juss. ex Kunth (17 genera. Widespread trop. and warm temp.
Shrubs, herbs often climbing.)
Karunggut Passiflora foetida L.

CHRYSOBALANACEAE R. Br. (17 genera. Tropics and subtropics. Trees, shrubs.)

Tabon-tabon Atuna racemosa Raf.
Liusin Maranthes corymbosa Blume.

SALICACEAE (FLACOURTIACEAE Rich. ex DC.) (79 genera. Mostly tropics, occas. warm-
temperate.
Trees, shrubs.)
Sanglai Ahernia glandulosa Merr.
Talitan Caesaria fuliginosa (Blanco) Blanco
Governor’s plum *Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch.
Bitongol Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Mar.
Dudua Hydnocarpus alcalae C. DC.
 12

Duduang bulate *Hydnocarpus anthelminthica Pierre

Bagarbas Hydnocarpus sumatrana (Miq.) Koord.
Oonog Osmelia philippina (Turcz.) Benth.
Pangi Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume.
Malapinggan Trichadenia philippinensis Merr.

OXALIDACEAE (6 genera. Widespread. Herbs, usually climbing, rarely woody.)

Kamias *Averrhoa bilimbi L.
Balimbing *Averrhoa carambola L.
Makahiyang lalaki *Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC.

CUCURBITACEAE Juss. (120 genera. Widespread. Herbs, usually climbing, rarely

woody.)
Tamling Coccinea grandis
Melon daga Melothria indica Lour.
Tabuyok Trichosanthes quinquangulata A. Gray.

DATISTICACEAE R. Br. (3 genera. E. Medit. to Australia, S. W. USA and Mexico.

Trees, herbs.)
Binuang Octomeles sumatrana Miq.

FABACEAE Lindl. (LEGUMINOSAE, MIMOSACEAE, CAESALPINIACEAE) (630 genera.

Widespread. Trees, shrubs, climbers, herbs.)
Potkipot Abarema angulata (Benth.) Kostern
Saga-saga Abrus precatorius
Acacia *Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.
Ayangili Acacia confusa Merr.
Aroma *Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.
Mangium *Acacia mangium Willd.
Tanglin Adenanthera intermedia Merr.
Malatanglin Adenanthera pavonina Merr.
Malaipil Afzelia borneensis Harris
Tindalo Afzelia rhomboidea (Blanco) Merr.
Akle Albizia acle (Blanco) Merr.
Silktree *Albizzia julibrissin
Langil Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.
Kariskis Alibizia lebbekoides
Akleng parang Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth.
Kasai Albizia retusa Benth.
Salingkugi Albizia saponaria (Lour.) Blume. ex Miq.
Amherstia *Amherstia nobilis Wall.
Kamanigum Archidendron clypearia (Jack) Nielsen
var. casai (Blanco) Nielsen
Anagap Archidendron scutiferum (Blanco) Nielsen
Tiagkot Archidendron clypearia (Jack.) Nielsen
Kulibangbang *Bauhinia acuminata L.
Hongkong tree *Bauhinia blakeana Dunn.
Alibangbang pula *Bauhinia galpinii N.E. Br.
Agpoi Bauhinia integrifolia Roxb.
Alibangbang Bauhinia malabarica Roxb.
Fringon *Bauhinia monandra Kurz.
Fringon pula *Bauhinia purpurea L.
Brownea *Brownea grandiceps Jacq.
Dhak *Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.
Kalumbibit Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn.) Roxb.
Sapinit Caesalpinia crista Linn.
Divi-divi *Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd.
Caballero *Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz.
Sibukao Caesalpinia sappan Linn.
Calliandra *Calliandra Calothyrsus Meissn.
Fireball *Calliandra haematocephala Hassk.
Pinkball *Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth.
Dalakorak Canavalia cathartica Thouars
Pataning dagat Canavalia maritima (Aublet) Thouars
Golden shower *Cassia fistula L.
 13

Yellow shower *Cassia fruticosa L.

Balatong aso Cassia occidentalis L.
Maning aso Cassia tora L.
Anchoan Cassia javanica L.
Pink shower Cassia javanica ssp. nodosa (Roxb.) K.&
S. S. Larsen
Dilang butiki Centrosema pubescens Benth.
Pukinggang kahoy *Clitoria racemosa G. Don.
Pukinggang baging *Clitoria ternatea L.
Rattle pod Crotolaria assamica
Siping-siping Cynometra bifoliata
Balitbitan Cynometra ramiflora L.
Chinese rosewood *Dalbergia conchinchinensis Lour.
Indian rosewood *Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.
Fire tree *Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf.
Malapigas Desmodium umbellatum L.
Gogo Entada phaseoloides (l.) Merr.
Earpod *Enterolobium cyclocarpum Griseb.
Dapdap palong *Erythrina crista galli L.
Dapdap Erythrina orientalis (L.) Murr.
Rarang Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.
Mottled leaf dapdap *Erythrina variegata L.
Flemingia Flemingia macrophylla
Payang-payang Flemingia strobilifera (L.) Roxb. Ex W.Arton
Tiri Gleditsea rolfei Vid.
Kakauate *Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.
Logwood *Haematoxylon campechianum L.
Jatoba *Hymenaea courbaril L
Showy guama Inga spectabilis
Ipil Instia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Ktze.
Batete Kingiodendron alternifolium (Elm.) Merr. & Rolfe
Ipil-ipil Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.
Kamot kabag Mezoneuron latisiliquum (Cab.) Merr.
Moghania Moghania macrophylla
Payang-payang Moghania strobilifera (L.) St-Hill. ex Jacobs.
Balokabok Mucuna pruriens
Bahai Ormosia calavensis Azaola
Moluccan sau Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen
Kupang Parkia roxburghii G. Don Heyne
Kamachile *Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.
Bani Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr.
Smooth narra Pterocarpus indicus Willd. forma indicus
Prickly narra Pterocarpus indicus Willd. forma
echinatus (Pers.) Rojo
Rain tree *Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.
Saraca *Saraca decinata (Jacq.) Miq.
Narrow leaf saraca *Saraca thaipingensis Cantl. ex Prain.
Brazilian fire tree *Schizolobium parahybum (Vell.) Blake.
Thailand shower Senna siamea (L.) Irwin & Barneby
Antsoan dilau Senna spectabilis (DC.) Irwin & Barneby
Katurai *Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers.
Kayugalo Sindora inermis Merr.
Supa Sindora supa Merr.
Sandalaitan Sophora tomentosa L.
Jade vine Strongylodon macrobotrys A. Gray.
Kamatog Sympetalandra densiflora (Elm.) Steen.
Sampalok *Tamarindus indica L.
Banuyo Wallaceodendron celebicum Koord.
Pinkado *Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taaub.

BETULACEAE Gray (2 genera. Temp. Eurasia to Indochina, Andes. Mostly trees.)

Japanese alnus *Alnus japonica (Thumb.) Steud.

CASUARINACEAE R. Br. (4 genera. Tropical Asia to Australia and Pacific. Trees, shrubs.)
Agoho Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.
 14

Agoho del Monte Gymnostoma rumphianum (Miq.) L. Johnson

Maribuhok Gymnostoma sumatranum (Jungh. ex
De Vriese) L. Johnson
FAGACEAE Dumort (8 genera. Widespread except tropical Africa. Mostly trees.)
Malagasa Castanopsis enermis (Lindl. ex Wall.) B. & H.
Gasa Castanopsis javaica (Blume) A. DC.
Philippine chestnut Castanopsis philippinensis (Blanco) Vid.
Pangnan Lithocarpus sulitii Soepadmo
Manggasiriki Lithocarpus ovalis (Blanco) Rehd.

JUGLANDACEAE A. Rich. ex Kunth (8 genera. Med. to Trop. & E. Asia, N. & S.

America. Mostly trees.)
Lupisan Engelhardtia spicata Blume

CELTIDACEAE Link. (9 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs.)

Alasiis Aphanante philippinensis Planch.
Magabuyo Celtis luzonica Warb.
Malaikmo Celtis philippinensis Blanco
Anabiong Trema orientalis (L.) Blume

ROSACEAE Juss. (97 genera. Widespread.esp. N. Hemisphere. Trees, shrubs,

herbs.)
Lago Prunus grisea (C. Muell.) Kal km.

CONNARACEAE R. Br. (12 genera. Widespread in tropics. Trees, shrubs, lianas.)

Ulali Agelaea trinervis (Llanos) Merr.
Palala Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr.
Sandalino Connarus semidecandrus Jack.
Kamagsa Rouria minor (Gaertn.) Leenth.

RHAMNACEAE Juss. (51 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, lianas, few herbs.)
Maladuklap Zizyphus cumingiana Merr.
Lumuluas Zizyphus hutchinsonii Merr.
Manzanitas *Zizyphus mauritania Lam.
Balakat Zizyphus talanai (Blanco.) Merr.

CECROPIACEAE C. C. Berg. (6 genera. Widespread in tropics. Trees, shrubs, lianas.)

Trumpet tree *Cecropia peltata L.
Hanopol tindig Poikilospermum erectum (Blanco.) Merr.
Hanopol Poikilospermum suaveulens (Blume) Merr.
Musanga *Musanga cecropioides R. Br.

MORACEAE Link (37 genera. Trop. and warm temp., occas. temp. Trees, shrubs,
lianas, herbs.)
Upas Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.
Rimas *Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosb.
Antipolo Artocarpus blancoi (Elm.) Merr.
Kamansi *Artocarpus communis J. R. & G. Forst.
Nangka Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Kubi Artocarpus nitidus Trec.
Marang banguhan Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco.
Anubing Artocarpus ovatus Blanco.
Kalulot Artocarpus rubrovenius Warb.
Himbabao Broussonetialuzonica (Blanco.) Burr.
Paper mulberry *Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Benth.
Panama rubber *Castilloa elastica Cerv.
Upling gubat Ficus ampelas Burm. f.
Kataupi Ficus aurantiaca Griff.
Benghal fig *Ficus benghalensis L.
Salisi Ficus benjamina L.
Basikong Ficus botrycarpa Miq.
Basikong kalauang Ficus botrycarpa Miq. var. linearifolia (Elm.) Corner
Kalukoi Ficus callosa Willd.
Malatibig Ficus congesta Roxb.
India rubber Ficus elastica Roxb.
 15

Butli Ficus gul Laut. & K. Schum.

Alangas Ficus heteropoda Miq.
Aplas Ficus irisana Elm.
__________ Ficus linearifolia
Kanapai Ficus magnolifolia Blume.
Hagimit Ficus minahassae (Teijsm & de Vr.) Miq.
Tibig Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr.
Pakilling Ficus odorata (Blanco) Merr.
Fiddle leaf fig *Ficus pandurata Hance
Niog-niogan Ficus pseudopalma Blanco
Dungo Ficus puvinervis Blume
Bo tree *Ficus religiosa L.
Hauili Ficus septica Burm. f.
Marabotum Ficus subcordata Blume.
Is-is Ficus ulmifolia Lam.
Tangisang bayawak Ficus variegata Blume.

Dolalog Ficus variegata Blume var.

sycomoroides (Miq.) Corner
Patdang labuyo Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner
Malaisis Malaisia scandens (Lour.) Planch.
Mulberry *Morus alba L.
Malanangka Parartocarpus venenosus (Zoll. & Morr.)
Becc. ssp. papuanus (Becc.) Jarr.
Kalios Streblus asper Lour.
Agus-us Trophis philippinensis (Burr.) Corner

URTICACEAE Juss. (48 genera. Widespread. Herbs, shrubs, occas. lianas, trees.)
Lipang kalabau Dendrocnide meyeniana (Walp.) Chew.
Lipang aso Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew.
Alagasi Leukosyke capitellata (Poir.) Wedd.
Alabong *Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm.
Dalunot Pipturus arboresecens (Link) C. B. Rob.
Alilaua Villebrunea trinervis

COMBRETACEAE R. Br. (20 genera. Tropics and subtropics. Trees, shrubs,

climbers, rarely herbs.)
Tagaraw pula Combretum coccineum
Tangulo Quisqualis indica L.
Arjun *Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) W. & A.
Malakalumpit Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe
Talisai Terminalia catappa L.
Binggas Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb.
Malaputat Terminalia darlingii
Talisai gubat Terminalia foetidissima Griff.
Kalumpit Terminalia microcarpa Decne
Sakat Terminalia nitens Presl.
Dalinsi Terminalia pellucida Presl.
Manaong Terminalia plagata
Luno luno Terminalia samoensis
Korina Terminalia superba

LYTHRACEAE J. St.-Hil. (30 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, herbs.)

Singapore bush *Cuphea hyssopifolia HBK.
Loktob Duabunga moluccana Blume
Melendres *Lagerstroemia indica L.
Batitinan Lagerstroemia piriformis Koehne
Banaba Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.
Pomegrenate *Punica granatum L.

MELASTOMATACEAE Juss. (194 genera. Mostly tropical. Shrubs, herbs, rarely trees
or lianas.)
Badling Astronia cumingiana Vid.
Kapa kappa Medinilla magnifica Lindl.
Red kapa kappa Medinilla miniata Merr.
 16

MYRTACEAE Juss. (127 genera. Tropics, subtropics and S. temperate. Trees, shrubs.)
Binoloan Acmena acuminatissima (Blume) Merr. & Perry
Red bottle-brush *Callistemon citrinus (Curt.) Skeels
Red gum *Eucalypyus camaldulensis
Bagras Eucalyptus deglupta Blume
Swamp mahogany *Eucalyptus robusta Smith
Guava *Psidium guajava L.
Kalubkob Syzigium calubcob (C. B. Rob.) Merr.
Kurasam Syzigium claviflorum (Rob.) Wall ex A.
M. & J M. Cowan
Duhat Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels
Tampui *Syzigium jambos (L.) Alst.
Manangkil Syzigium mananquil (Blanco) Merr.
Makaasim Syzigium nitidum Benth.
Makopa *Syzigium samarengense (Blume) Merr.
& Perry
Panglomboien Syzigium simile (Merr.) Merr.
Malaruhat-bundok Syzigium subcaudatum
Malatampoy Syzigium xanthophyllum (C.B. Rob.) Merr.
Malabayabas Tristaniopsis decorticata (Merr.) Wilson
& Waterhouse
CRYPTERONIACEAE A. DC. (3 genera. Tropical Asia. Trees, shrubs.)
Tiaui Crypteronia paniculata Blume

CAPPARACEAE Juss. (42 genera. Widespread trop., some warm temp. Shrubs, some
herbs, trees.)
Tarabtab Capparis sepiaria L.
Halubagat-baging Capparis horrida
Halubaging-gubat Capparis micracantha DC.

MORINGACEAE R. Br. Ex Dumort. (1 genus. Africa, Madagascar, India, naturalized

elsewhere. Trees.)
Malungai *Moringa oleifera Lam.

CARICACEAE Dumort (4 genera. Trop. and subtrop. America, trop. Africa. Trees,
herbs.)
Papaya *Carica papaya L.

DILLENIACEAE Salisb. (11 genera. Trop. and subtrop. to Tasmania. Trees, lianas,
shrubs, herbs.)
Handapara Dillenia indica L.
Malakatmon Dillenia luzoniensis (Vid.) Martelli
Katmon-bayani Dillenia megalantha Merr.
Katmon-bugtong Dillenia monantha Merr.
Katmon Dillenia philippinensis Rolfe
Katmon kalabaw Dillenia reifferscheidia Naves
Simpor *Dillenia suffructicosa Griff.
Katmon baging Tetracera scandens (L.) Merr.

DIPTEROCARPACEAE Blume (16 genera. Old World trop. esp. Indomal. and Guyana,
S. America. Trees.)
Dagang Anisoptera aurea Foxw.
Palosapis Anisoptera thurifera (Blanco) Blume
Tailed leaf apitong Dipterocarpus caudatus Foxw.
Panau Dipterocarpus gracilis Blume
Apitong Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco
Malapanau Dipterocarpus kerrii King
Hairy-leaf apitong Dipterocarpus philippinensis Foxw.
Broad-winged apitong Dipterocarpus kunstleri King
Hagakhak Dipterocarpus validus Blume
Manggachapui Hopea acuminata Merr.
Dalingdingan Hopea foxworthyi Elm.
Kaliot Hopea malibato Foxw.
Gisok-gisok Hopea philippinensis Dyer
 17

Saplungan Hopea plagata (Blanco) Vid.

Bagtikan Parashorea malaanonan (Blanco) Merr.
Tiaong Shorea agsaboensis Stern
Almon Shorea almon Foxw.
Yakal Shorea astylosa Foxw.
White lauan Shorea contorta Vid.
Guijo Shorea guiso (Blanco) Blume
Red lauan Shorea negrosensis Foxw.
Mayapis Shorea palosapis (Blanco) Merr.
Malaanonang Shorea polita Vid.
Tanguile Shorea polysperma (Blanco) Merr.
Narig Vatica mangachapoi Blanco

MALVACEAE Juss. (STERCULIACEAE, BOMBACACEAE, TILIACEAE) (119 genera.

Widespread. Herbs, shrubs, some trees.)
Malibayo Berrya ammonilla Roxb.
Maragomon Brownlowia tersa (Linn.) Kosterm.
Peruvian parasol *Cavanillesia hylogeiton Ulbr.
American kapok Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
Anilau Colona serratifolia Cav.
Kakaag Commersonia bartramia (L.) Merr.
Saluyot Corchorus acutangulus Lam.
Balobo Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz.
Durian Durio zibethinus Murr.
Danglin Grewia multiflora Juss.
Guasimo *Guazuma tomentosa HBK.
Lumbayao Heritiera javanica (Blume) Kosterm.
Dungon late Heritiera littoralis Ait.
Dungon Heritiera sylvatica Vid.
Vidal’s lanutan Hibiscus camphylosiphon Turcz. var.
glabrescens (Warb. ex Perk.) Borss.
Gumamela Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.
Gumamela de araña Hibiscusschizopetalus (M. T. Mast.) Hook. f.
Malubago Hibiscus tiliaceus L.
Tan-ag Kleinhovia hospita L.
Bokabul Malachra fasciata
Kinay lumping Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Sarcke
Labayo Meliochia umbellate (Houtt.) Stapf.
Kamuling Microcos stylocarpa (Warb.) Burr.
Datiles *Muntingia calabura L.
Balsa *Ochroma pyramidale (Cav.O Urb.
Taluto Pterocymbium tinctorium (Blanco) Merr.
Kulatingan Pterospermum obliquum Blanco
Bayok-bayokan Pterospermum celebicum Miq.
Bayok Pterospermum diversifolium Blume
Malabulak Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl.
Walis-walisan *Sida acuta Burm. f.
Escoba Sida retusa L.
Takling baka *Sida rhombifolia L.
Tapinag Sterculia crassiramea Merr.
Kalumpang Sterculia foetida L.
Mountain tapinag Sterculia montana Merr.
Malabuho Sterculia oblongata R. Br.
Banilad Sterculia philippinensis Merr.
Cacao *Theobroma cacao L.
Buntan Trichosperma discolor Elm.
Sayapo Trichosperma eriopodum (Turcz.) Merr.
Kulot-kulotan *Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.
Kollo-kollot *Urena lobata L.

ELAEOCARPACEAE Juss. ex DC. (19 genera. Trop. Subtrop. excl. Africa, occas.
temp. Trees, shrubs.)
Kalomala Elaeocarpus calomala (Blanco) Merr.
Tabian Elaeocarpus monocera Cav.
 18

THYMELACEAE A. DC. (58 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, lianas, herbs.)

Salagong sibat Wikstroemia lanceolata Merr.

BIXACEAE Link (1 genus, monotypic. Trop America, introd. elsewhere. Shrubs to

small trees.)
Achuete *Bixa orellana L.

COCHLOSPERMACEAE Planch. (12 genera. Trop. Africa, Asia to Australia, Trop.

America. Trees, shrubs.)
Buttercup tree *Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.)
Spreng.
SAPINDACEAE Juss. (134 genera. Trop and subtrop., rarely temp. Trees, shrubs, climbers.)
Baratonggol Allophyllus cobbe (L.) Raeusch.
Baloon vine *Cardiospermum halicacabum L.
Kubili Cubilla cubili (Blanco) Merr.
Mamoko Glenniea philippinensis (Radlk.) Leenh.
Tamaho Gloeocarpus patentivalvis (Radlk.) Radlk.
Alahan Guioa koelreuteria (Blanco) Merr.
Uas Harpulia arborea (Blanco) Radlk.
Kulayo Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh.
Pospos Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl.) Radlk.
Alupag Lithci chinensis Sonn. ssp. philippinensis
(Radlk.) Leenh.
Ambalag Mischocarpus pentapetalus (Roxb.)
Radlk.
Rambutan Nephelium lappaceum L.
Kapulasan Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.)
Leenh.
Malugai Pometia pinnata Forst. & Forst.
Malugai-liitan Pometia pinnata Forst. & Forst. forma
repanda Jacobs
Kusibeng Sapindus saponaria L. forma microcarpa Radlk.

ACERACEAE Juss. (2 genera. N. temperate and trop. mountains to Malesia. Trees, shrubs.)
Philippine maple Acer laurinum Hassk.

BURSERACEAE Kunth. (18 genera. Widespread in tropics. Trees, shrubs.)

Pagsahingin Canarium asperum Benth.
Pagsahingin bulog Canarium calophyllum Perk.
Dulit Canarium hirsutum Willd.
Piling liitan Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A. Gray
Pili Canarium ovatum Engl.
Bogo Garuga floribunda Decne

ANACARDIACEAE Lindl. (68 genera. Widespread, mostly tropical. Trees, shrubs,

lianas.)
Kasoy *Anacardium occidentale L.
Balinghasai Buchanania arborescens (Blume) Blume
Balitantan Buchanania nitida Engl.
Dao Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr.
Lamio Dracontomelon edule (Blanco) Skeels.
Amugis Koordersiodendron pinnatum (Blanco) Merr.
Pahutan Mangifera altissima Blanco
Baluno Mangifera caesia Jack
Mangga *Mangifera indica L.
Sangilo *Pistacia chinensis Bunge
Ligas Semecarpus cuneiformis Blanco
Manalu Semecarpus longifolius Blume
Kamiring Semecarpus philippinensis Engl.
Danga Semecarpus whitfordii
Hog plum *Spondias mombin L.
Libas Spondias malayana
Abihid Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz
Sineguelas Spondias purpurea L.
 19

MELIACEAE Juss. (51 genera. Widespread trop. and subtrop, rarely temp. Trees,
some shrubs.)
Iloilo Aglaia argentea Blume
Batukanag Aglaia bicolor
Alauihau Aglaia cumingiana
Malasaging Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) Wall.
Salaking pula Aglaia elliptica Blume
Kuling-manuk Aglaia luzoniensis
Kaniuing peneras Aglaia pyriformis
Bayanti Aglaia rimosa (Blanco) Merr.
Kangko Alphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.N. Parker
Neem tree *Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Spanish cedar *Cedrela odorata L.
Balukanag Chisocheton cumingianus (C.DC.)
Harms. spp.cumingianus
Katong matsing Chisocheton pentandrus (Blanco) Merr.
ssp. pentandrus
Bieum Cipadessa baccifera
Kalimutain Dysoxylum arborescens (Blume) Miq.
Tara-tara Dysoxylum cumingianum C. DC.
Igyo Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum (A. Juss.) Miq.
Himamao Dysoxylum mollissimum Blume. spp.
mollissimum
Lansones Lansium domesticum Correa
Bagalunga Melia dubia Cav.
Santol Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr.
Big leaf mahogany *Swietenia macrophylla King
Small leaf mahogany *Swietenia mahogani (L.) Jacq.
Kalantas Toona calantas Merr. & Rolfe
Danupra Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.
Nangka-nangka Vavaea amicorum

RUTACEAE Juss. (158 genera. Widespread, mostly trop and subtrop. Trees,
shrubs, lianas, few herbs.)
Uto Acronychia laurifolia
Bael *Aegle marmelos
Malarayap intsik *Atalantia citrioides Pierre
Satin wood *Chloroxylon swietenia DC.
Lukban Citrus grandis (L.) Osb.
Kabuyau Citrus macroptera Montr.
Kalamunding Citrus madurensis Lour.
Kayumanis Clausena anisum-olens (Blanco) Merr.
Kalomata Clausena brevistyla Oliv.
Kandulong Clausena laxiflora Quis. & Merr.
Bugauak Evodia confusa Merr.
Kukong banog Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr.
Lunas Lunasia amara Blanco
Matang-araw Melicope triphylla (Lam.) Merr.
Tulibas tilos Micromelum compressum (Blanco) Merr.
Kamuning Murraya paniculata Jack
Limoncito *Triphasia aurantiola Lour.
Tsi-it Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb.

SIMAROUBACEAE A. DC. (20 genera. Tropics and subtropics, occas. warm-temp.

Trees, shrubs.)
Malasapsap Ailanthus integrifolia Lam.
Malakamias Ailanthus triphysia (Dennst.) Alst.
Bogo-bogo Brucea javanica (L.) Merr.
Makamara Brucea mollis Wall. ex. Kurz.
Nalis Picrasma javanica Blume
Coralis *Quassia amara L.
Manunggal Quassia indica (Gaertn.) L

CORNACEAE (Dumort.) Dumort. (8 genera. N. temp. to trop. Asia, Africa, rare S.

 20

Amer. Mostly trees, shrubs.)

Bagaloan Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms & Rehd.
Malatapai Alangium longiflorum Merr.
Putian Alangium meyeri Merr.
Apanit Mastixia philippinensis Wang

ACTINIDIACEAE Hutch. (3 genera. Warm temp. Asia, Australia, Fiji, Trop.

America. Trees, shrubs, lianas.)
Daguei Saurauia bontocensis Merr.
Kolalabang Saurauia latibractea Choisy

EBENACEAE Gurke (3 genera. Widespread tropics, occas. warm temperate. Trees,

shrubs.)
Talang gubat Diospyros copelandii Merr.
Zapote *Diospyros digyna Jacq.
Burma kanomoi *Diospyros ehretioides Wall.
Ebony Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh.
Kamagong Diospyros philippinensis (Desr.) Gurke
Bolong eta Diospyros pilosanthera Blanco
Anang Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Miq.

MYRSINACEAE R. Br. (39 genera. Widespread trop., occas. temp. Mostly trees, shrubs,
lianas.)
Katagpo Ardisia clementis Presl.
Coral bush *Ardisia crenata
Aunasin Ardisia pyramidalis (Cav.) Pers.
Tagpo Ardisia squamulosa Elm.
Paginga Discocalyx cymbianthoides (A.DC.) Mez.
Dikai Embelia philippinensis A. DC.

SAPOTACEAE Juss. (53 genera. Widespread in tropics, rarely warm-temperate.

Trees, shrubs.)
Caimito *Chrysophyllum cainito L.
Betis Madhuca betis (Blanco) Macbr. & Merr.
Chico *Manilkara sapota (L.) Royer.
Bansalagin Mimusops elengi L.
Tagotoi Palaquium foxworthyi Merr.
Nato Palaquium luzoniense (F. Vill.) Vid.
Dulitan Palaquium merrillii Dub.
Malakmalak-bundok Palaquium montanum Elm.
Malakmalak Palaquium philippinensis (Perr.) C.B. Rob.
Maniknik Palaquium tenuipetiolatum Merr.
Duklitan Planchonella nitida (Blume) Dub.
White nato Pouteria macrantha (Merr) Baehni
Whit nato *Pouteria rivicoa (Gaertn. f.) Ducke

THEACEAE D. Don (25 genera. Tropical to warm-temperate. Mostly trees, shrubs.)

Haikan Camelia lanceolata (Blume) Seem.
Tsa *Thea sinensis L.

LECYTHIDACEAE Poit. (20 genera. Tropics, esp. New World. Trees, shrubs.)
Botong Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz
Putat Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume ex DC.
Brazil nut Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl.
Cannonball tree *Couroupita guianensis Aubl.
Toog Petersianthus quadrialatus Merr.
Lamog Planchonia spectabilis Merr.

SYMPLOCACEAE Desf. (1 genus. Trop. and subtrop. Asia, Australia, Pacific, America.
Mostly trees.)
Agosip Symplocos ahernii Brand.

SOLANACEAE Juss. (96 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs, shrubs, occasionally

trees.)
Dama de Noche Cestrum nocturnum L.
 21

Talong punay Datura metel L.

Bagan bagan Solanum biflorum Lour.
Malatabako Solanum erianthum D. Don
Talong gubat Solanum ferox L.
Talong-talungan Solanum torvum Sw.

CONVOLVULACEAE Juss. (55 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs, often climbing,

rarely trees.)
Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamk.
Bangbangau Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl.
Lambayong Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.
Morning glory Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth.
Aurora Ipomoea triloba L.
Bulakan Merremia peltata (L.) Merr.
Wood rose Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle
Kalalaknit Merremia vitifolia (Burm. f.) Hall. f.

APOCYNACEAE Juss. (168 genera. Widespread, mainly tropical. Mostly trees, shrubs,
lianas.)
Allamanda Allamanda cathartica
Batinong-kitid Alstonia angustifolia
Silhigan Alstonia angustiloba
Batino Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex DC.
Batinong-liitan Alstonia parvifolia
Dita Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Angel’s Trumpet Beaumontia grandiflora
Carissa *Carissa carandas
Chichirica *Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
Taparak Ervatamia mucronata (Merr.) Markgr.
Pandakaki Ervatamia pandacaqui (Poir) Pich.
Hingiw Ichnocarpus volubilis Merr.
Laneteng-gubat Kibatalia gitingensis (Elm.) Woods.
Adelfa Nerium indicum Mill.
Kalachuchi *Plumeria acuminata Ait.
Kalachuchi puti *Plumeria alba L.
Kalachuchi pula *Plumeria rubra L.
Yellow oleander *Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Schum.
Bayag usa Voacanga globosa (Blanco) Merr.
Lanete Wrightia pubescens R. Br. ssp. laniti
(Blanco)
RUBIACEAE Juss. (606 genera. Widespread trop. rarely temp. Trees, shrubs,
lianas, occas. herbs.)
Bikog Antherostele banahaensis (Elm.) Brem.
Kabatig Antherostele callophylla Brem.
Kaatoan bangkal Anthocephalus chinensis (Lamk.) Rich. ex Walp.
Ligad-ligad Borreria articularis (L.f.) F.N. Will.
Borreria Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb.
Landrina Borreria ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC.
Malakape Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Merr.
Butlig-babui Canthium gynochthodes Baill.
Suyak-daga Canthium horridum
Tadiang anuang Canthium monstrosum (A. Rich.) Merr.
Tumpis Canthium obovatifolium (Merr.) Merr.
Red rubia *Carphalea kirondron Baill.
Kape *Coffea arabica L.
Robusta coffee *Coffea robusta
Talotagdung Coptosapelta olaciformis (Merr.) Elm.
Rosal Gardenia jasminoides Ellis
Balanigan Gardenia longiflora Vid.
Malabukok Gardenia lagunensis Merr.
Bagaoi Gardenia merrillii Elm.
Bukok Gardenia pseudopsidium (Blanco) F. Vill.
Pangalimanan Greeniopsis discolor Merr.
Paluai Greeniopsis multiflora (Elm.) Merr.
Tabug Guettarda speciosa L.
 22

Hedyotis Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lam.

Banghai Hydnophytum formicarum Jack.
Santan *Ixora chinensis Lam.
Ixora Ixora ilocana
Mayanman Ixora longistipula Merr.
Dapit Knoxia sumatrensis (Retz.) DC.
Ludek Ludekia bernardoi (Merr.) Ridsd.
Nino Morinda bracteata Roxb.
Talig-harap Mussaenda anisophylla Vid.
Señorita Mussaenda luteola Delile
Langla Mussaenda multibracteata Merr.
Kahoy dalaga Mussaenda philippica A. Rich.
Doña Alicia Mussaenda philippica A. Rich. var. aliciae
Hort.
Doña Aurora Mussaenda philippica A. Rich. var. aurorae Sulit
Malbog Mycetia javanica (BL.) Korth.
Bangkal Nauclea orientalis (L.) L.
Lisak Neonauclea bartlingii (DC.) Merr.
Kalamansanai Neonauclea calycina (Bart.) Merr.
Wisak Neonauclea media (Havil.) Merr.
Malauisak Neonauclea reticulate (Havil.) Merr.
Gusakan Pavetta indica L.
Adina Pertusadina multifolia (Havil.) Ridsd.
Sikarig Praravinia triflora
Balagan Psychotria diffusa Merr.
Katagpo Psychotria luzoniensis (Cham. & Schlecht.) F. Vill.
Pasnoban Psychotria pilosella Elm.
Kamagut Rubia cordifolia
Serissa *Serissa foetida Lam.
Tumarau Tarenna arborea Elm.
Rigtungon Tarenna cumingiana (Vid.) Elm.
Dasa Tarenna stenantha
Magobani Timonius hirsutus (Elm.) Merr.
Otto Villaria fasciculiflora Quis. & Merr.
Kumbatol Villaria odorata (Blanco) Merr.
Daran Wendlandia luzoniensis DC.
Daro Wendlandia nervosa Merr.

OLEACEAE Hoffmans. & Link (24 genera. Widespread tropics and warm-temp. Trees,
shrubs, climbers.)
Philippine ash Fraxinus griffithi C.B. Clarke
Sampaguita Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.
Chinese privet *Ligustrum amurense Carr.
Kuratan Linociera philippinensis Merr.
Karaksan Linociera ramiflora Wall.

ACANTHACEAE Juss. (228 genera. Widespread trop., subtrop., rarely temp. Mostly
herbs, rarely trees.)
Kisul Hemigraphis primulaefolia (Nees.) F. Vill
Limang sugat Pseuderanthemum bicolor
Sky flower *Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb.

BIGNONIACEAE Juss. (111 genera. Tropics, occasionally warm-temp. Trees, lianas,

rarely herbs.)
Calabash tree *Crescentia cujeta L.
Jacaranda *Jacaranda acutifolia
Sausage tree *Kigelia africana (Lamk.) Benth.
Pinkapinkahan Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz
Banai banai Rodermachera pinnata (Blanco) Seem.
Candle tree *Parmentiera cereifera Seem.
Binalimbing *Parmentiera aculeate (HBK) seem.
African tulip *Spathodea campanulata B.

LAMIACEAE Lindl. (VERBENACEAE) (258 genera. Cosmopolitan. Herbs, shrubs, ot

trees.)
 23

Palis Callicarpa erioclana Schauer

Tambabasi Callicarpa formosana Rolfe
Atimia Callicarpa magna Schauer
Kasupangil Clerodendron intermedium Cham.
Pay-at Clerodendron macrostegium Schauer
Fireworks Clerodendron quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr.
Music bush Clerodendron syphonanthus R. Br.
Gmelina *Gmelina arborea Roxb.
Magilik Premna cumingiana Schauer
Alagau Premna odorata Blanco
Teak *Tectona grandis L.f.
Philippine teak Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook
Dangula Teijsmanniodendron ahernianum (Merr.) Bakh.
Lagundi Vitex negundo L.
Molave Vitex parviflora Juss.
Lingo-lingo Viticipremna philippinensis (Turcz.) H.J.Lam.

VERBENACEAE J. St-Hil. (36 genera. Widespread. Mostly tropical. Trees, shrubs, herbs.)
Suob kabayo Hyptis suaveolens
Coronitas *Lantana camara L.
Kandikandilaan Stachytarpheta indica
Alagau baging Symphorema luzonicum (Blanco) F. –Vill.

ARALIACEAE Juss. (47 genera. Mostly tropical. Trees, shrubs, climbers, rarely herbs.)
Octopus tree *Brassaia actinophylla Endl.)
Salinat Cepaloscheffiera blancoi (Merr.) Merr.
Malapapaya Polyscias nodosa (Blume) Seem.
Yellow papua *Polyscias ornatum (Bull.) Merr.
Galamay amo Schefflera odorata (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe

PITTOSPORACEAE R. Br. (9 genera. Trop. to warm-temp. Old World esp.

Australasia. Trees, shrubs.)
Mamalis-pula Pittosporum ferrugineum Ait. .
Mamalis Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco) Merr.
Petroleum nut Pittosporum resiniferum Hemsl.

ASTERACEAE Dumotier (1535 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs or shrubs, some trees.)
Hagonoy *Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Uoko Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob.
Wild sunflower Tithonia diversifolia Asa Gray
Malasambong Vernonia vidalii Merr.

CHECKLIST OF MANGROVE AND BEACH PLANTS OF THE PHILIPPINES

Adapted from E. S. Fernado, Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and
Natural Resources, The University of the Philippines-Los Baños, College, Laguna, Phil. (with
addendum from J. Primavera and Sabada, 2012)

PTERIDACEAE Spreng. Ex. Jameson (6 genera. Widespread. Terrestial.)

Lagolo Acrostichum aureum L.

AIZOACEAE F. Rudolphi (128 genera. Trop. subtrop. esp. S. Africa. Herbs,

succulents, rarely shrubs.)
Dampalit Sesuvium portulacastrum L.

CASUARINACEAE R. Br. (4 genera. Tropical Asia to Australia and Pacific. Trees, shrubs.)
Agoho Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.

CLUSIACEAE Lindl. (GUTTIFERAE) (47 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, lianas, herbs.)
Bitaog Calophyllum inophylluym L.
Salingogon Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer
Paguringon Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Blume

MALVACEAE Juss. (204 genera. Widespread. Herbs, shrubs, some trees.)

 24

Maragomon Brownlowia lanceolata Benth.

Gapas-gapas Camptostemon philippinense (Vid.) Becc.
Bago Commersonia bartramia (Linn.) Merr.
Dungon-late Heritiera littoralis Dryand ex W. Ait.
Malubago Hibiscus tiliaceus L.
Malakalumpang Sterculia ceramica R. Brown
Kalumpang Sterculia foetida Linn.
Banalo Thespesia populnea Soland.
Malabanalo Thespesia populneoides (Roxb.) Kostel

LECYTHIDACEAE Poit. (20 genera. Tropics, esp. New World. Trees, shrubs.)
Botong Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz
Putat Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume ex DC.
MYRSINACEAE R. Br. (39 genera. Widespread trop, occas. temp. Mostly trees, shrubs, lianas.)
Saging-saging Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco
Tinduk-tindukan Aegiceras floridum Roem & Schult.
Magaspang Myrsine densifolia Scheffer

FABACEAE Lindl. (630 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, climbers, herbs.)

Aroma *Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.
Kalumbibit Caesalpinia crista L.
Sapinit Caesalpinia nuga (L.) Ait.
Balitbitan Cynometra ramiflora Linn.
Horse Bush Dendrolobium umbellatum (Linn.) Bentham
Mangasin Derris trifoliata Lour.
Shingle Plant Entada parvifolia Merr.
Dapdap Erythrina orientalis (L.) Murr.
Ipil Instia bijuga (Colebrooke) Kuntze
Ipil-laut Instia retusa (Kurz.( O. Ktze.
Bani Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre
Aroma Prosopis jutiflora (Swartz) DC
Sandalaitan Sophora tomentosa Linn.
Binusisi Vigna marina (Burm. f.) Merr.

LYTHRACEAE J. St.-Hil. (30 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, herbs. Some

mangroves.)
Bantigi Pemphis acidula J. R. & Forst.
Pagatpat Sonneratia alba L. Smith
Pedada Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.

MYRTACEAE Juss. (127 genera. Tropics, subtropics and S. temperate. Trees,

shrubs.)
Taualis Osbornia octodorta F. Muell.
Tamo Syzygium confertum (Korth.) Merr. & L. M. Perry

COMBRETACEAE R. Br. (20 genera. Tropics and subtropics. Trees, shrubs, climbers, rarely
herbs.)
Tabau Lumnitzera littorea (Jack.) Voigt.
Kulasi Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.
Talisai Terminalia catappa L.
Talisai-gubat Terminalia foetidissima Griffith

RHIZOPHORACEAE R. Br. (14 genera. Tropics. Trees, shrubs, some mangroves.)

Pototan lalake Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume
Busain Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk.
Langarai Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) W. & A. ex Griff.
Pototan Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir.
Malatangal Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding hou
Tangal Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob.
Bakauan-lalake Rhizophora apiculata Blume
Bakauan-babae Rhizophora mucronata Lamk.
Bangkau Rhizophora stylosa Griff.
 25

EUPHORBIACEAE Juss. (331 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, herbs.)

Spurge Tree Euphorbia antiquorum Linn.
Buta-buta Excoecaria agallocha L.
Kayong Glochidion littorale Blume

MALPHIGIACEAE Juss. (65 genera. Trop. and subtrop., esp. New World. Trees, shrubs,
often climbing.)
Binusisi Tristellateia australasiae A. Rich.

MELIACEAEAE Juss. (51 genera. Widespread trop. and subtrop., rarely temp. Trees,
some shrubs.)
Tabigi Xylocarpus granatum Koen.
Piagau Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk.) M. Roem.

MORACEAE
Chinese Banyan Ficus microcarpa Linn. f.
Hauili Ficus septica Burm. f.

APOCYNACEAE Juss. (168 genera. Widespread, mainly tropical. Mostly trees, shrubs, lianas.)
Baraibai Cerbera manghas Linn
Buta-buta Cerbera odollam Gaertn..
Native Rubber Vine Gymnanthera oblonga (Burm. f.) P.S. Green

MELASTOMATACEAE
Malatungaw Melastoma malabathricum Linn.
Banaro Memecylon edule Roxb.

EBENACEAE
Broad-Leaved Ebony Diospyros maritima Blume
Bolong-eta Diospyros pilosanthera Blanco

SAPOTACEAE
Bansalagin Mimusops elengi Linn.
Banasi Pouteria obovata (R. Brown) Baehni

CONVULVULACEAE Juss. (55 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs, often climbing, rarely trees.)
Lambayong Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Roth.
Beach Moon Flower Ipomoea violacea Linn.

BORAGINACEAE Juss. (131 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, herbs.)

Tsaang-gubat Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masamune
Anonang Cordia dichotoma G. Forst.)
Banalo Cordia subcordata Lam.
Octopus Bush Heliotropium foertherianum Diane & Hilger
Patayud Tournefortia argentea L. f.

RHAMNACEAE
Asian Snakewood Colubrina asiatica (Linn.) Brongniart

LAMIACEAE Lindl. (VERBENACEAE) 258 genera. Cosmopolitan, herbs, shrub, or trees.)

Seaside Clerodendron Clerodendron inerme (Linn.) Gaertn.
Alagau Premna integrifolia l.

SAPINDACEAE
Haguiui Dodonaea viscosa (Linn.) Jacqui

AVICENNIACEAE Endl. (1 genus. Tropical to subtropical coasts. Mangroves.)

Bungalon puti Avicennia alba Blume
Bungalon sahing Avicennia eucalyptifolia Zipp. Ex Miq.
Bungalon Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.
Piapi Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. var.
rumphiana (Hallier) Bakh.
Api-api Avicennia officinalis L.
 26

ACANTHACEAE Juss. (228 genera. Widespread trop., subtrop., rarely temp. Mostly
herbs, rarely trees.)
Tigbau Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl.
Diluario Acanthus ilicifolius L.

BIGNONIACEAE Juss. (111 genera. Tropics, occasionally warm-temp. Mostly

herbs, rarely trees.)
Tui Dolichandrane spathaceae (L. f.) K. Schum.

GOODENIACEAE R. Br. (12 genera. Australia, trop. and E. Asia, S. Amer., Ind.
Ocean shores. Shrubs, herbs.)
Linu Scaevola sericea Vahl.
Boto Scaveola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.

RUBIACEAE Juss. (606 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, herbs.)

Kalumpangin Guettarda speciosa Linn.
Kayomkom Ixora philippinensis Merr.
Bangkoro Morinda citrifolia L.
Nilad Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn. f.

DILLENIACEAE
Katmon-baging Tetracera scandens (Linn.) Merr.

AQUIFOLIACEAE
Tiwi Ilex cymosa Blume

CELASTRACEAE
Matang-ulang Salacia chinensis Linn.

FLACOURTIACEAE
Suliak daga Scolopia luzonensis (Presl.) Warb.

HERNANDIACEAE
Kolung-kolung Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C. Presl.) Kubitz.

RUTACEAE
Limonsitos Triphasia trifolia (Burm. f.) P. Wilson

MALPHIGHIACEAE
Binusisi Tristellateia australasiae A. Rich.

OLACACEAE
Sulo-sulo Ximenia Americana Linn.

ARECACEAE C.H. Schultz-Schultzenstein (PALMAE) 200 genera. Widespread trop.

subtrop., rarely temp. Trees.)
Sago Palm Metroxylon sagu Rottb.
Nipa Nypa fruticans Wurmb.

PANDANACEAE R. Br. (3 genera. Old World tropics to New Zealand. Trees, shrubs,
lianas.)
Pandan dagat Pandanus tectorius Soland.

CYCADACEAE
Seashore Cycad Cycas edentata de laubenfels

AMARYLLIDACEAE
Bakong Crinum asiaticum Linn.

ASCLEPIADACEAE
Timbang-timbang Dischidia platyphylla Schlecther
Tulus-baybay Finlaysonia obovata Wall.
Dangling-baging Grewia laevigata Vahl
Wax Plant Hoya crassicaulis Elmer ex Kloppenburg
 27

FLAGELLARIACEAE
Baling-uai Flagellaria indica Linn.

AIZOACEAE
Dampalit Sesuvium portulacastrum (Linn.) Linn.
POACEAE
Pagulong Spinifex littoreus (Burm. f.) Merr

TACCACEAE
Gawgaw Tacca leontopetaloides (Linn.) Kuntze
Payong payongan Tacca ppalmata Blume

References

ASEAN Plant Database

Ayson, R. R. 2019. Updated Field Checklist of Species in Dendrologty. Department of Forestry,

College of Agriculture, Food and Sustainable Development. Mariano Marcos State
University, City of Batac, Ilocos Norte

Fernando, E. S. 2004. Checklist of Species in FBS 21 (Taxonomy of Forest Plants), 10 th ed.

Dept. of Forest Biological Sciences, UPLB-CFNR, College, Laguna.

Pelser, P. B., Barcelona, J. F. and J. L. Nickrent (Eds.) 2011 onwards. Co’s Digital Flora of
the Philippines. www.philippineplants.org.

Primavera, J.H. and R. B. Sadaba. 2012. Beach Forest Species and Mangrove Associates in
the Philippines. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, @2012.154p; 28 cm

PROSEA. 1998. Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5 (3). Timber Trees: Lesser-Known Timber.
Sosef, M. S., L. T. Hong and S. Parwirohatnodjo (eds.) Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 861
pp.

Quimbo, L. 1979. The Taxonomic Position of Leguminous Trees. NEDA-APO Production Unit,
Quezon City

Quimbo, L. Dendrology of Philippine Trees and other Woody and Non-Woody Plants.

Rojo, J. P. 1999.Revised Lexicon of Philippine Trees. FPRDI.

Rojo, J. P., Roxas, C. A., Pitargue, F. C., and Briñas, C. A. 2000. Philippine Erect Bamboos:
A Field Identification Guide. Forest Products Research and Development Institute,
Departmentr of Science and Technology. 162 pp.

Santos, V. J.; E. D. Guzman, and E. S. Fernando.1986. Guide to Pilippine Flora and Fauna.
Vol IV. JMC Press Inc. Quezon City

Seeber, G. H.; J. Weidelt; and V. Banaag. 1985. Dendrological Characters of Important

Forest Trees from Eastern Mindanao, 2nd ed. Eschborn, Germany. 440 pp.

Tamesis, F. The Philippine Mahogany and Other Dipterocarp Woods.

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