The normal word order isword

The normal subject (i.e. isnoun)

order —predicate
subject (i.e.—predicate
(i.e. noun) prepositional
(i.e. prepositional
phrase or adverb),
phrase but an interrogative
or adverb), but an adverb, such as
interrogative 'ayyeh such
adverb, (where?),
as 'ayyeh (where?),
always standsalways
first instands
the sentence:
first in the sentence:
"itfiri rrs 'ayyeh "itfirihannctar
rrs 'ayyehWhere is the young
hannctar Whereman?is the young man?

17. Vocabulary
17.1.Vocabulary 1.
NOUNS :SV\ NOUNS joung
nci'ar man, boy,
:SV\ nci'ar jounglad;man,
also boy,
used inlad;thealso
sense of in the sense of
used
"attendant, servant""attendant, servant"
1P.J zaqen old man, elder (of a city)
1P.J zaqen old man, elder (of a city)
irt bay it LESSON
house bay it
irt 1 ] house
-irn nahar river -irn nahar river
mis sddeh field mis sddeh field
tika n*wbw salosim Ttf derek road,
Ttf way (m. road,
derek or f.) way (m. or f.)
PREPOSITIONS: ~VS? "al- on,
~VS? upon,
"al- against, concerning,
on, upon, because
against, of, overbecause of, over
concerning,
hu naar yosmadu PREPOSITIONS:
3 ba (see3 §ba15a) in, (see
with §(in15a)
the in,
sense
- with"by(inmeans of") "by means of")
the sense
iu QS'nnti sadotekem ^ 'esel near, ^
beside,
'esel bynear, beside, by
ADVERBS: ay sum there, sumin that place
tdni n a s ' ya'amdu T"Nt ADVERBS: ay
'ayyeh where?'ayyeh
there, in that place
in whatwhere?
place? in what place?
T"Nt
ffiot •rnp?CONJUNCTION:
ziqnehem CONJUNCTION:
I ii,? and [prefixed
I ii,?
directly
and [prefixedto thedirectly
following to word:
the following word:
wshannd'ar, and the young man]
wshannd'ar, and the young man]
he following orally:
Exercises:
Lesson1 Exercises:
in the house, (a)
nearDivide each of the following words into syllables:
the house
(a) Divide each of the following words into syllables:
n the field "35>aw sama'hn" 'arnsa mikkokabe
"35>aw sama'hn" 'arnsa mikkokabe
n a T l waxdabbarii v m dabdrdw LESSON 1 ]
on the road n a T l waxdabbarii v m dabdrdw
Tj-fiiPj7a biqqastika n*wbw salosim
— the old man?[6]—- the house?
[6] irurr yittanehu naar yosmadu
house) is there. n
35T3 barakeiu QS'nnti- sadotekem
"lfn?n higgadtdni nas' ya'amdu
e boy; the house and the field. rro'l irai'i'flffiot •rnp? ziqnehem
(b) Give the Hebrew for the following orally:
a house, the house, in Lesson 1
the house, near the house
2. a field, in a field, in the field
hanna'ar babbayit. .n'la ivin .isSn n»x I
3. a road, on a road, on the 1. Where
roadis the young man? The young man is in the house.
4. Where is the boy? — the old man? —- the house?
hazzaqen sam. .at |p jn .|pjn rrx i
5. ; boy (old man, house)
The
2. Where is the old man? The old man is there.
is there.
habbayit 'esel .inan bxb n^rj .rv|n n»x 3
6. the old man and the boy; 3. Where ishouse
the andThe
the house? thehouse
field.
is near the river.
(c) Translate:

ahar. .-inrt VsS; rnwri 4 4. The field

1. 'ayyeh hanna'ar? hanna'ar is near the river. .n'la ivin .isSn n»x I
babbayit.
2. 'ayyeh hazzaqen? hazzaqen sam. .at |p;jn .|pjn rrx i
n bassadeh. .rn»3 7pjni isSn 5 5. The 'esel
3. 'ayyeh habbayit? habbayit young man and the.inanold manbxb are inn^rj
the field.
.rv|n n»x 3
hannahar.
hazzaqen •ll^'^V ]i?.jn .]p.jn n»s 6
4. hassadeh -Csel hannahar.6. Where is the old man? The old man is.-inrt on the ro
VsS; rnwri 4
5. hanna'ar wahazzaqen bassadeh. .rn»3 7pjni isSn 5
6. 'ayyeh hazzaqen? hazzaqen • l l ^ ' ^ V ]i?.jn .]p.jn n»s 6
'al-hadderek.
Hebrew:
(d) Write the following in Hebrew:

ield are near the river. 1. The house and the field are near the river.
 The singular form of these nouns is characterized by penultimate stress. All
such nouns have the same pattern in the plural, as illustrated above. Note
that the vowel of the singular is not significant for the vocalization of the
plural form. Why is there an a in the first syllable of o n a s "dbadiml

20. Vocabulary 2.
NOUNS : LESSON 2]
vrs 'is (pi. irreg. n-wzx 'iinasim)
m a n , husband
note 'issah (pi. irreg. a*®2 nastm) woman, wife
llowing orally: n'na batttm the irreg. pi. of n"3 bay it, house
iY. yeled (pi. -im) boy, child
he men "?yri hekal palace, temple
melek (pi. -im) king, ruler
men, in the women
INTRODUCTION
W
"t?6 seperTO BIBLICAL
(pi. -im) book HEBREW
12$ "ebed (pi. -im) servant, slave
s [9]
T? '»;• (pi. irreg. o n s 'arim) city (f.)
ouses RONOUNS: Nin hit he, it (ref. to masc. noun)
s S'n hi' she, it (ref. to fern, noun)
Lesson2 '» mi who? (no gender distinction)
ADVERBS : ns /?o/; here, in this place
nb,N 'epoh where? (a synonym of rrx 'ayyeh)
L2
Exercises:
.-rya o-tnxn I 1. The man is in the city.
(a) Prefix the preposition V b- (to) to the following nouns and pronounce
.rraa DTMn 2
the resulting combination (§4):
2. The woman is in the house.
bahekal. .bovia Er-usrrn f?izr\ 3 3. The king and the servants are in the palace.
ins kohen (priest)
.n't? D"!?*?? 4 7 3 3 babel (Babylon)
0 1 $ kerem (vineyard) 4. The books
-113 arebor
in the house.
(pit)
s'arim .rnifa Q'l^rt .D'nsin rrx 5
nVf keleb (dog) "TO baqar (cattle)
5. Where are the young men? The young men are in the field.
rnin torah (law) "1? ger (sojourner)
paras.•"nan nb'N(horseman) 6. Where are the
7 0 S pesel houses? The houses are in the city.
(idol)
tim ba'ir. .T»nBhB n'Tian 6
harot sam
P<?>H dammeseq (Damascus)
.DE> nil
rvhnart
dor.nnnari nb<N i
(generation)
7. m
Where are thederek
7-iij gdral
(way)
rivers(f)? The rivers are there.
(lot)
8. The cities is there
poh. • ^s peger
i?§ rj-i-Trrti ay nnsri 8
(corpse) T* pikaand the(your road is here.
mouth)
(b) Add the plural ending as indicated to each of the following nouns in
accordance with the rules given in § § 5—6.
are in the city. 713J gabul (-im) boundary U» 'anan (-im) cloud
airn rdhob (-of) street -irn nahar (St) river
xns saba' (-ot) army p© saken (-im) neighbor
7np qahal (-im) assembly isn baser (-ot) courtyard
and the servants?
(c) Give the proper form of the article for the following nouns:
n,
~nn hddar splendor ?l? 'adamdh ground
ers. "IBS 'cipar dust 2bn halab milk
D"ix 'adam mankind """J?1? hokmdh wisdom
-1
 great, big Adjectives may be used as nouns (i.e. in noun functions) in two ways:
(1) the adjective, usually with the definite article, may mean "the one who
small, little, unimportant
beautiful, handsome
i s . . . , " as D3nn hehakam the wise one, the wise man; (2) both the masc.
vil, bad, wicked
and fern, singular forms of some adjectives may be used as abstract nouns,
much, very (follows the adjective it modifies, as
x» ait: lob mddd, "that
very good) which i s . . . , " as snn hare? or n»"in hard'ah, evil, wickedness.

24. Vocabulary 3.
masc, fern.; sing., pi.) of the following adjectives:
NOUNS: "I3T dabar (pi. -;m) word, matter, thing, affair
oly 133 kabed heavy
3S1 rd'db famine
stant XDS same' thirsty
ear ubti sdlem whole, sound H$ 'eres (pi. -of) land, earth (f.)
in /lor mountain
the following orally:
DS 'am people, nation
e small man, the evil man gan garden
1?
small city, the evil city
ADJECTIVES : nit: tob good
man, the small woman, the good woman
g city, a small field, a large house Vra
gddol great, big
large city, near the large city PPT qaton small, little, unimportant
e, near the large river yapeh beautiful, handsome
n the cities, in the great cities 5>1 ra" evil, bad, wicked
e evil men, in the evilADVERBS
men : i s a ma'dd much, very (follows the adjective it modifies, as
en, concerning the evil women
e great land
in ix» ait: lob mddd, very good)
Exercises:
Lesson 3
1. The woman is very bad.
'od. (a) Give all four forms
,-avi n»-i (masc,
rroxn l fern.; sing., pi.) of the following adjectives:
BIBLICAL HEBREW .ns' xin 2 2. He is handsome.
UJVTj? qados holy 133 kabed heavy
m ma'od. .ixn O-ET rraxrn
pirn rahdq distanttrxn 3
US] 3. The man and
XDS the woman
same' are very beautiful.
thirsty
tobim? .D-nion n'tfaxn
avij? qarob near rrx 4 ubti sdlem whole, sound
4. Where are the good men? The good men are in the small city.(f)
ba'ir ruopn "rsa D'nion DTOXH
(b) Give the Hebrew for the following 5. Where orally:
is the evil young man? He is in the big house.
? .snn -i»ln ^s'*? 5
1. the good .Vnanman,
n:|a xinthe small man,
6. Wheretheis the
evil man
king? He is in the big palace.
ol.
2. the large city, the
.^i&n rrx 6 small city, the evil city
l. 3. the .bnjn ^"nawoman,
beautiful xw the 7.small
Who is good? The beautiful woman is good.
woman, the good woman
sah hayyapah. 4. a TWKJ
.ns;n goodnaicboy, .aiea big'» city,
7 a 8.
small field,
The word a large
is very good. house
5. in the.ixa city,aio
in l the
a i n large
8 city, near the large city
9. The big famine is in the city.
.T»a ayin bita 9
6. in the great palace, near the large river
od. .-rxathe
7. cities, D-S-Icities,
onasnin10the cities, inservants
10. The the greatare verycities
evil.
bayit. 8. men, the men, the evil men, in the evil men
11. The old men are near the house.
'esel hannahar 9.-iron ^sS; ni3Bj?n
women, o'-isn 12 concerning
the women, the evil women
.•?nan
10. land, the land, the great land 12. The small cities are near the big river.

(c) Translate:
beautiful.
1. ha'issah ra'ah ma'od. ,-avi n»-i rroxn l
2. hu' yapeh. .ns' xin 2
mall field.
men are on the road.
in the city. US]
ed.
ortant (lit. small).
ear the road.
S: m 'et or -n« nisarrnxi
Vt- direct object marker (seev\av
rninrrnx §27) Q'tMxn hffandsim somarim 'et-hattdrah
b /a- to, for (in dative sense); as
_1
7X 'el- to, toward (motion or traversing of space usually wd'et-hammiswot
implied, but often synonymous with "? h-)The men are observing the Law and the
•T5?a bd'ene in the eyes of, in the opinion of, as farcommandments.
as —
28. Vocabulary 4.
is concerned

NOUNS: ODU* sopet (pi. -im) judge

•qxVa mal'ak (pi. -im) messenger, angel
e plurals of the following nouns: XD3 kiss? (pi. irreg. nixps kis'ot) throne
per (-im) scribe VERBS:
a« gannabnro koteb writing
(-tm) thief
INTRODUCTION
'ed (-im) appointed time
TO BIBLICAL
|n"?w sulhan (-6£) table
HEBREW
kan (-im) tabernacle unpD miqdas (-im) sanctuary
^ s s 'okel eating [19]
Hebrew for the following orally: ]™ noten giving, setting, placing
dge is sitting ^Vnis going
5. the messenger holek going, walking
ng is writing 6. the man is asr
givingyoseb sitting, dwelling, inhabiting
y is going : is m
7. the slave
PREPOSITIONS eating'et or -n« Vt- direct object marker (see §27)
oman is giving 8. the woman isbgoing /a- to, for (in dative sense); as
_1
each of the items in the preceding exercise.7X E.g. 'el- to, are
the judges toward (motion or traversing of space usually
implied, but often synonymous with "? h-)
•T5?a bd'ene in the eyes of, in the opinion of, as far as —
m the items of exercise (b) into noun 4- modifier, as "the judge
g," etc. is concerned

e: Lesson 4
Exercises:
pet noten'et-hasseper la'iS. .vryb -iD&rrnx jni esij>n l 1. The judge is giving the book to the man.(Noten)
1
ah yosebet wa'okelet(a) Form the .rria
babbayit. pluralsrbivnofna^the following
ntpxn 2 2. nouns:
The woman is sitting and eating in the house.(okelet,f)
1
asim hobkim 'el-hahekal .^nan Vs-rrrr ??* orsbh OTMKH 3 3. The men are going to the great palace. (holekim)
adol. "iDb sbper (-im) scribe a « gannab (-tm) thief
"rsria mo'ed.-iDD3
melek yo§eb wskoteb basseper. (-im) at?' ^fcn time4. The |n"?w
arbiappointed sulhan
king is sitting and(-6£)
writingtable
in the book.(kotev)
J3ITO
mal'akim hobkim 'el-hahekal. milkan (-im) tabernacle
.bym-b« a-obh o ?H ?an , l unpD miqdas (-im) sanctuary
5. The messengers is going to the palace. ( Mal’akim)
addabar bs'ene ha'am. .B»n 'r»a nain sn 6. The evil word is in the eyes of the people. (Be’ene)
(b) Give the Hebrew for the following orally:
.-inan-1?** a-pbri tr-issn
s'arim hobkim 'el-hannahar. 7. The young men are going to the river. (Na’arim)
melek yoSeb 'al-hakkisse' 1.
bahekal. .^rrna soan-^s
the judge is sitting asr Tj^Sn 8 8. The5.kingthe
is sitting on the throne
messenger is goingin the palace.(Kisse, hekal)
2. the king.nVnari
m yoSeb ba'ares haggadolah. pfca a»" osn 9
is writing 9. The6.people
the are
man sitting in the big land.(eres,f)
is giving
waha'iSSah yoibbim ba'ir .nsnn -rsa o-atr ntfxrn irxn 10 10. The man and the woman are sitting in the evil city. (raah,f)
3. the boy is going 7. the slave is eating
a'ah.
4. the woman is giving
opatlm hobkim 'el-hannahar. 11. The8.judges
the are
woman
going to is the
going
river. (Sopetim)
LESSON 4 ]
(c) Pluralize each of the items in the preceding exercise. E.g. the judges are
yosabjm'esel hannahar .]bpr\ -insn ?*$: D'ai?" a-rVn 12 12. The boys are sitting near the small river. (qaton)
on. sitting, etc.
'et-haddsbarim .is^n-^v D-ia-in-nx aro *cn 13 13. He is writing
seper. (d) Transform the items of exercise (b) into nounthe 4- words on the as
modifier, book.
"the judge
sabot hannasim? who is sitting," etc. .D'ran niai?' ntrx 14
14. Where are the women sitting?
'abadim ba'ene hammelek .•q'psn "rya D'lasn o-aiB 15
(e) Translate: 15. The servants are good in the eyes of the king.
ebrew:
1. hassopet noten'et-hasseper la'iS. .vryb -iD&rrnx jni esij>n l
are going to the city.
2. ha'issah yosebet wa'okelet babbayit.
es are sitting near the small houses.
.rria rbivn na^ 1 ntpxn 2
is giving the book to the 3.
man.ha'anasim hobkim 'el-hahekal .^nan Vs-rrrr1??* orsbh OTMKH 3
and the woman are living in haggadol.
the garden.
are giving the small field and the garden to the king. .-iDD3 arbi at?' ^fcn
 "iwt 'dser is not commonly employed before adjectives or participles.
Yarusalem]
n- (prep.) Thus,
from; English
also used the man
partitively: who is wise is simply QDnn erxn ha'is hehdkdm, or
QDnn some
D^Nna meha'anasim, hehdkdm
of the alone.
men. The man who is sitting is 3»»n iP'xn hd'is hayyoseb.
er (rel. pronoun) who, which, that
The participle may be used alone, even without the definite article, as an
equivalent of English one who, anyone who, whoever, he who:
3 />a- to the following words, first without the
nnx3 T]Vn hblek be'emet
ple: kesep, bakesep, bakkesep. he who (or whoever) walks in truth.
,_
aladim D nn hadarim (rooms)
drakim 33. Vocabulary
nn-rx 'addmdh 5.
(ground)
a'artm n 'dniyah (ship)
^S
the following orally UseNOUNS:
the adjectivennj zahab
in the gold
nBDn hokmdh wisdom
5. worse than the men
6. more precious than gold
ip|i kesep silver, money
7. more just than the king rniav 'dbodah work, task, servitude (cf. 'ebed)
ns» 'esdh counsel, advice
he following orally. Then transform them into LESSON 5 ]
le:
[24]
e land ADJECTIVES
the city which :
is in the land IR: yaqar precious
e?ares hctir 'aser ba'ares
"H?x yasdr just, upright
ge field.
book.
P ' l ^ saddiq righteous
e road.
mple.
™PT qaseh difficult, hard, harsh
ouse. *¥~l rasa' evil, bad, criminal
PROPER
Lesson 5 NAMES: "PI Dawld David
zahab- .anta norm "7XTO© rnjr samu'el
1 1. Wisdom Samuel
is more precious than gold. (yaqarah,f)
ha'anasim. .ErtMxna rniasn rop 2
BIBLICAL HEBREW D^OTT T 2. The work
Yarusali is too hard for the
n Jerusalem men. (avodah,qashah,f)
[Note that in the Hebrew
[25] spelling the second •
ehammalakim. 3. The servants are more > Justisthan
missing.
the kings. This spelling may
(yosharim)
. i x a -ia>; T\I 4 point to isan
4. David veryearly
just. dialectal variant pronunciation
melek hayyoseb asrn rfinx? na:>n ynh sin 5 5. He is giving the wisdom to the king who is sitting on the
Yarusalem]
throne. (hokmah)
r basseper. OTHER: T» min- 6. (prep.)
The words which from;
are in also
the bookused partitively:
are evil. (ra’im)
ep. .^coa nasn rnit: 7 D^Nna 7. The wisdom is better than silver.
meha'anasim, some (kesep)
of the men.
.o-wxn 0"!w: 8 8. The men are just.
osabim -wx 'aser 9. (rel. pronoun)
David and who,
the men are sitting which,
in the Jerusalem.that
(yoshvim)

Exercises: .VxTOcra p n s "a lo 10.Who is more righteous than Samuel? (tsaddiq)

.-rxa n»"i nsyn n 11.The advice/counsel is very evil/bad. (etsah,f)
ssaddiqim? .n'pnsni n'lv'i rrx 12 12.Where are the upright and the righteous?
(a) Prefix the preposition 3 />a- to the following words, first without the
article, then with it. Example: kesep, bakesep, bakkesep.
gold and the silver to the men who are in the
a-o^a malakim D'!1?' yaladim D,_nn hadarim (rooms)
T ? 'abddim
ous than silver.Q , 3
usalem are very bad.
a
*?T\ ddrakim nn-rx 'addmdh (ground)
Q'l? 'arirn n (ship)
just and righteous.
Q,
1V? na'artm ^S 'dniyah
t for the boy.
(b) the
the garden near Give the Hebrew for
house. the following orally Use the adjective in the
masculine singular form.
vil than the kings.

1. better than the boy 5. worse than the men

2. larger than the house 6. more precious than gold
3. larger than the river 7. more just than the king
4. smaller than a field
(c) Give the Hebrew for the following orally. Then transform them into
phrases using 'aser. Example:
 close a syllable, the fern. sing, has <?:
N"ip qore' o^vrip qora'im calling
n*n.j? qore(')t niN-)p qdra'ot

36. Vocabulary 6.
NOUNS: Vip qol (pi. -6t) voice, sound; baqolgadol: aloud, in a loud voice
y» 'es (pi. 'esim) tree, wood
LESSON 6 ]
DlS kerem (pi. -im) vineyard
) under; instead of VERBS: p s s so'Sq crying out (in distress)
ecause, since, for; that nVw sdle"h sending
much, many, numerous (forms in §22)
ypi nofe"' planting
KS' yds? going forth, leaving LESSON 6 ]
the following orally:
ng forth. OTHER:
[28] nnn tdhat (prep.) under; instead of
nting. '3 ki (conj.) because, since, for; that
ng.
g out. 3-1 rap (adj.) much, many, numerous (forms in §22)
ng forth.
Exercises:
sentences in (a).
(a) Give
Lesson 6 the Hebrew for the following orally:
'esim .-inrrbi;
1. a-ai.
Thetrsy
oldn-yoii
man O'raxn I 1. The
is going men are planting trees on the mountain. ( note’im, es’im; giving: noten)
forth.
r.
2. -\m
Theysn
woman is planting. 2. The young man is sitting under the tree which is in the garden.
at ha'es .733 nrjn ntr nyin 2
3. The judge is sending.
3. The trees (which) in the mountains are larger than the trees which near the
Ser beharim n-ssna onna -itfx cxsn O'Vi-n 3 river. (har’im)
'esel hannahar. 4. The.-inan people is crying out.
bxb -VVK 4. Many Peoples are sitting in the land because the land is very good.
osabim yi&n5."3The
ini&a servant
D'n^ D-an is going
D'a? t forth.
(rab’bim,adj; am’min)
s tobah ma'od. .-rxn naiD
ol gadol (b) n»p
im Pluralize each n'pssofnan 5. The people are
the5 sentences incrying
(a).aloud(in a loud voice) because the work is very
t "3 ViTj bipa
ha'abodah. .rniasn difficult. ( beqol gadol; avodah,qasha,f)
hara'ah? (c) Translate:
.n?-in "i"»n-|a S T "a 6 6. Who is going forth(leaving) from the evil city. ( Haraah Ha’ir)
bs'ene •""?;? l^&n -Tva D-nnin D'sn 7
asar. 7. The words are evil in the eyes of the just king.
ehabbayit. 1. ha'anasim
.rrana nxs* nota'im
rroxn 8 'esim .-inrrbi; a-ai. trsy n-yoii
8. The woman is leaving from the house.
O'raxn I
-1
kerem .rnfen ^sifc |bj?rabbim
D-V? a ??: 'al-hahar.
a^nsn 9
9. The servants are planting small vineyard near the field. (qaton kerem,esel)
adeh.
2. hanna'ar yoseb tahat ha'es .733 -\m ysn nrjn ntr nyin 2
'a5er baggan.
g the messengers to the 3.
judge who is in ha'esim
gadolim the city. 'aSer beharim n-ssna onna -itfx cxsn O'Vi-n 3
ng out of Jerusalem because the famine is very great.
in the house? meha'esim 'aser 'esel hannahar. .-inan bxb -VVK
the garden are near the4. 'ammim rabbim yosabim
house. yi&n "3 ini&a D'n^ D-an D'a? t
a large tree.
but the servants are bad.
ba'dres ki ha'ares tobah ma'od. .-rxn naiD
5. ha'am so'aqim bsqol gadol
etter than the messengers. im n»pt "3 ViTj bipa n'pss nan 5
ki qasah ms'od ha'abodah. .rniasn
6. mi yose' min-ha'ir hara'ah? .n?-in "i"»n-|a S T "a 6
7. ra'im haddsbarim bs'ene •""?;? l^&n -Tva D-nnin D'sn 7
[29]
hammelek hayyasar.
8. ha'issah yose(')t mehabbayit. .rrana nxs* rroxn 8
9. ha'abadim nota'im kerem .rnfen ^sifc |bj? D-V? a-1??: a^nsn 9
qaton 'esel hassadeh.
(d) Write in Hebrew:
 there is not, there are not

the following orally:

INTRODUCTION TO BIBLICAL HEBREW
house, garden, field, vineyard) 7.
39. Vocabulary
(husband, slaves, money, books)
(king, judge, city, NOUNS:
camels) ] « S .so(')« (no pi.) a collective term for small cattle (sheep
and goats)
wife.
"ij?a baqar (no pi.) a collective term for large cattle (bulls,
e (small-cattle, camels, gold, silver)
steers, cows, etc.)
on the mountain.
^aa gamal (pi. irreg. o-Vaa gamallim) camel
ouses in the city.
on^ /e/iew (no pi.) bread, food
messengers here.
VERBS : T V vwed descending, going down
ADJECTIVES: T B S 'a.?/V rich
s.
ead.
V-r </«/ poor
PARTICLES: 8T .if'.? there is, there are
it.
m. rs 'en there is not, there are not

for them. Exercises:

Lesson 7
(a) Give
Suffix the Hebrew for
to preposition the following
(li,lo,lah; orally:lanu,lahem,lahen)
to me, he,she;
akkisse'. 1. I have a
.NDsrrVs; atr(house,
«rx ys garden,
i field, vineyard)
1. There is no man sitting on the throne.
2. She has no .av 1st 2. There
tf; 2 slaves, money,
(husband, is a book
books)there.
'ir. 3. We have.T»a no -it£ DDW r x 3judge, 3.city,
(king, There is no just judge in the city. ( Yashar)
camels)
4. The messengers are descending from the
adim mehahar artb4. ]'N
The
'3 man
inna has no D'OxVan
a'-iv wife. 4 mountain because there is no bread for them
1
ehem sam. 5. They (m. pi.) ,av haveon ? (small-cattle, camels, gold,
there.(yoredim; silver)
lahem)
, 6. !, There are1 no trees on the mountain.
lehem .DE> o atP n D"'i'T? on ?? o^ni D n i t m 5
yosabim sam. 7. There are many houses in the city. 5. The rich are giving bread to the poor who are
8. There are many sitting/dwelling there.
min-halr T»rr]B D-KS*messengers
D'lMKn 6 here.6. The men are leaving the city and going forth to
hahar. 9. He is sending
.-inrr^N us. O'a^rri the mountain. ( holekim)
meha'ir 10. He is writing to
.nnarj-^N niTVi "pyrin niNS' DTO 7 us.
LESSON 7 ] 7. The women are leaving the city and going down
11. He is giving us bread. to the river. ( yoredot, f)
-hannahar.
adol wsgan qajon. 12. He is .|bpj |si Vi-rs w$ M*> & 8
dwelling in it. 8. We have a big house and a small garden. (yesh
aholakim 'el-ha'ir? 13. She is sending them. lanu)
m wa'okslim ,I 9. Who are the men going to the city?
14. .D-iiba
She is oplanting
?3J«i a'aw- D'Yrn
it for 10
them. 10. The children/boys are sitting and eating in the
(b) Translate: vineyard. (yeled->yeladim)
yes 16 kesep T T : 1 v v •* : • T 11. He is very rich. He has silver and gold. (Asir; yesh
1. 'en'is yoseb "al-hakkisse'. lo;) .NDsrrVs; atr «rx ys i
2. yes seper sam. .av 1st tf; 2
3. 'en sopet yasar ba'ir. .T»a -it£ DDW r x 3
city and he has no land.
4. hammarakim yoradim mehahar artb ]'N '3 inna a'-iv D'OxVan 4
ung men sitting and eating? ki 'en lahem lehem sam. ,av on1?
ad but the poor have 5.noha'asirim
bread. notsnim lehem .DE> o,atP!,n D"'i'T? on1?? o^ni D n i t m 5
ng out because they have no food.
laddallim hayyosabim sam.
ending the books to the king, for there are many
6. ha'anasim yosa'im min-halr T»rr]B D-KS* D'lMKn 6
em.
wshobkim 'el-hahar. .-inrr^N O'a^rri
ng me to the judge because he has a difficult problem
7. hannasim yosa'ot meha'ir .nnarj-^N niTVi "pyrin niNS' DTO 7
 is not a third root consonant. T h e root in this class of verbs must be conside
, going u p as variable in form, sometimes BN-, sometimes BNY. N o t e that the femin
has two forms in the singular; either m a y be used, b u t boniyah is quite ra

42. Vocabulary 8.
ollowing orally:
6. this advice
NOUNS : n r a binah understanding, perceptiveness
7. these cities pl£ sedeq righteousness (cf. saddiq)
8. these mountains VH 'es (no. pi.) fire (f.)
9. those peoples iras nab? (pi. -im) p r o p h e t
V E R B S : rua boneh buildin g
n^V 'oleh
a) into sentences according to the m o d e l :
ascending, going u p
"7D2 nopel falling
e -> This is the famine.
Exercises: Lesson 8: This(zeh,zot;elleh,pl);That (hu,hi; hem, hennah)

en (a) Give
. a n ^ i1the
? |-xiHebrew hn lthe 1.following
njn x-aan for This prophet orally:
is poor, and he has no bread/food.
( Ha’navi ha’zeh)
1. this famine 6. this advice
. a n n n - ^ N O'Ss n^An o-tfaxn 2 2. These men are going up to the mountains.
2. these houses 7.( ha’elleh;olim,
these cities m)
BLICAL
lakim 3. that
HEBREW
•p'7.4a D-a^ncity
o n e ^ n D-scaan 3 8. these m o u n t a i n s
3. The just prophets are walking in righteousness.
4. this m o n e y 9.( tsedeq)
those peoples
5. .anjp
that niaio
task n»?m na-a 4
[35] 4. Understanding and wisdom are better than gold.
t 'aser (b)
VsS;Transform
itfx n'Sn-^vthe phrases
riViba a?xn 5 of (a) into sentences according to the m o d e l :
5. The fire is falling upon the house which is near
•^"i!?this famine the->
palace.
This (esh,isf; al)
the famine.
adol -.STin -p»a Vna iv| a-aa o-tfMtn 6 6. The men is building a big house in that
(c) Translate: city.(bonim,pl; ha’hi ba’ir)
binah. 7 7. The people are wicked because they have no
1. dal h a n n a b i ' hazzeh ws'enunderstanding. ( Binah) . a n ^ i1? |-xi njn x-aan hn
diq. .pns iraa ia^> nVw sin 8 8. He is sending to us righteous prophet. (sholeah)
16 lehem.
.n^ah-ra ^Vn ps 9 9. There is no king in Jerusalem.
2. ha'anasim ha'elleh 'olim . a n n n - ^ N O'Ss n^An o-tfaxn
'el-heharim.
3. hannabi'im haysarim holakim •p'7.4a D-a^n o n e ^ n D-scaan
it. to me) and those camels are
basedeq. yours.
ing.
tle which are in the mountains.
[
small house near the garden.
in this land because it is great and beautiful.
fire upon that wicked city.
 one of (d) Before a guttural + a, e, or 0, the conjunction is respectively 1 wa-,
ben l we-, or 1 ivo-:
between; "between A and B" may be
H
expressed as bennisnx
A uben B or ben Alands
'drasot wdB. rii:nNl iva'arasot and lands
a bBtok in the midst of n i x 'edom Edom oixi we'edom and Edom
,
•^N '<)nf a fleet 3W wo'dni and a fleet
a mittok from the midst of
oa gam also, even, too [Placed directly before the
47. Vocabulary 9.
word it modifies, as in gam-hammelek, the
NOUNS:
king too, even the king.] o r ydm (pi. irreg. D T yamim) day; note a r n hayyom,
today.
Kb Iff no, not; general negativef1placed before the
??^ toy/a/i (pi. rare) night [Note position of stress;
word it negates masculine.]
Dipa mdqom (pi. -o_?) place, locale
cr&tf sdmdyim (pi.) heaven(s), sky
VERBS: T ^ j w W to bear, give birth to
ynj? (/abas to gather
e full paradigm of the perfect for each of the following LESSON 9]
3BT -pj [40]
-I3T zakar to remember
ADJECTIVE : ins 'ehad one (fern, irreg. nns 'ahat); ja ins 'ehad min
following phrases in Hebrew with special attention to the one of
nction "and": PREPOSITIONS : H ben between; "between A and B" may be
lver expressed as ben A uben B or ben A wdB.
d understanding •qina bBtok in the midst of
work •^ina mittok from the midst of
and large cattle ADVERBS : oa gam also, even, too [Placed directly before the
word it modifies, as in gam-hammelek, the
d camels; camels and servants
king too, even the king.]
rich man Kb Iff no, not; general negative placed before the
unimportant woman word it negates
nd one woman
Lesson 9 : Katav(he)+ ti(I wrote),ah(She); nu(We),u(they); You wrote: ta(m),t(f);tem,ten
Exercises:
(a) Give orally the full paradigm 1. of
The the
just man sat between
perfect the river
for each ofand the following
the field. (ben…uben)
ben-hannahar verbs: .mfen-rai
TV-inarrra
3BTur«r\ aa^-pjl
sadeh. 2. The prophet gathered the people near the big palace. (qavas)
abi' 'et-ha'am bym out
(b) Write VSK the
asn-nx icaan rap phrases
following 2 in Hebrew with special attention to the
ekal haggadol. form of the conjunction .bi-ran"and": 3. On that day, fire fell from the heaven. ( bayyom ha’hu;
u' napalah 'es (1) .tr&tfrria
gold and v« silver
nbsa xinn ova 3 nopel’ah,f)
Samayim. (2) wisdom and understanding
m 'el-has§6pet (3) advice and work
4. The people went to the just judge, they did not go to the evil
walo' habku (4) small cattle and large cattle
.»Bhn N'aan-Vx
(5) servants and camels; camels prophet. ( halek’u; rasha)
and servants
abi' harasa'.
(6) a great and rich man
m hahobkim (7) a.-ryrrbx
poor and opVnnunimportant
trK'aan -p 5 woman
5. Who are the prophets going to in the city?
(8) one man and one woman
hu' yarsdu .tr-inna D'tfsxn H T xinn nV^a 6 6. On that night, the men went down/descended from the
mTO BIBLICAL
meheharim. HEBREW
(c) Translate: mountains. ( balaylah ha’hu; yarid’u; desceding is yored)
a'ir walo' aiparrjn in^n ha'is
1. yasab xVi -i-»n r]ina iiatfr 7 7. We sat in the .mfen-rai
ben-hannahar midst of the city, we did notur«r\
-inarrra go to that
aa^place.
l
hammaqom uben-hassadeh. .Ninn [41] (betok; ha’maqom ha’hu)
2. qabas hannabi' 'et-ha'am bym VSK asn-nx icaan rap 2
ysladim .wpy'esel
D-an hahekal rn"?; 8 8. The woman gave birth to numerous beautiful
D'n'r n©xnhaggadol. children/boys.
.bi-ran
im. 3. bayyom hahu' napalah 'es .tr&tfrria
(yaledah; rab‘bim ) v« nbsa xinn ova 3
hakkesep min-haSSamayim.
.anjrrnxi *io$rrnx nsij? -sV 9 9. To whom do you gather the silver and the gold?
b? 4. habku ha'am 'el-has§6pet
mehanna'arim. hayyasar walo'
.B-isana im Kb 10 10. One of the young men did .»Bhn
VDJhabku N'aan-Vx
not fall. ( ehad mi; ha’naarim)
'el-hannabi' harasa'.
5. mi hannsbi'im hahobkim .-ryrrbx opVnn trK'aan -p 5
'el-ha'ir?
and understanding to 6. the prophets. hahu' yarsdu
ballaylah .tr-inna D'tfsxn H T xinn nV^a 6
old and the silver to the men ha'anasim
in the temple.meheharim.
y hard because we have no understanding.
are building a house in the city. [41]
write those words?
 n;nn mahaneh camp nisna methanol
Nouns originally participles of verbs IW-He (i.e. whose third root consonant
is given as n) also belong to this class: nsn ro'eh, pi. O'Sh ro'im, shepherd.

51. Vocabulary 10.

NOUNS: -113.1 gibbor (pi. -?w) warrior, hero, valiant m a n
n»3J gib'ah hill
&fc mdyim water [Like D^w, a plural without a singular]
^n? mahaneh (pi. -«/) camp
nar6a milhdmah battle, war
"is /?ar? fruit
VERBS : ina bahar to choose [May take object with -nx 'e?-, but
more commonly with 3 fo: 'a i n a 6a/wr 6? he
chose me.]
LESSON 1 1 ]
rin harag to kill, slay
B aroydda'
ntfx to knowhakkohen 'dSer katab ' el-haddabar
-nin-riK T ]rpn
n
P-"? laqah to take the priest who wrote the word
•qVibni »rfrw 'amad^N^ari
? isto to standhammal'ak 'aser salah hammelek
OSITION: "3P ? /*/we before, inthe
1 front of, in the
messenger presence
whom of sent
the king

Exercises:
56. Vocabulary 11.
(a) Inflect in the: perfect:
NOUNS #»* semes "fin sun "?DX pss n"?» SD3

(b) Give the Hebrew in;foryare"h moon orally:

the following
3313 kokab (pi. -?m) star
1. They planted many'a«an trees. cloud
iff
2. She stood nnear3 thebdrakah
houses. (pi. -ot) blessing
?l
3. You chose me. rntf 5a«a/i (pi. -;w) year
4. They did not rninchoose
torahyou.(pi. -of) law, The Law
5. I took
VERBSthe: money.
KSB masa to find
6. They killed xna the young man.
bara to create
7. You (f. s.) took the
*HE <7«ra' water.to call, name; to summon; to declare, read
8. You (m. pi.) have eaten aloudthe [+'el:
bread. to call unto (someone); + h: to
9. We sent the messengers to the judge.
summon (someone)]
-IBX 'amar to say, speak
(c) Translate:
CONJUNCTION : naxV le(')mor introduces a direct quotation after verbs of
1. na(a'u ha'anasim kerem gadolit has no
saying; .nyaarrVs Vi-n value
translation a-yi Bin' t oEnglish)
iso: I
'al-haggib'ah.
2. 16' yada'ti ki hu' harag .scairrnK s-in Kin -3 "ns^r x'1? 2
Exercises:
'et-hannabi'.
(a) 3.Form
'amsdutheha'abadim
plurals of harega'im
the following nouns, as 1?described
.•f?i&n "as crsrahn o nina s§53:
n n»» 3
lipne hammelek.
rm sarah {-St) distress ns» 'esah (-ot) counsel
nVis 'olah (-of) burnt-offering np T n huqqcth (-ot) statute
[45]
nma minhah (St) gift, offering n^ai? simlah (-ot) cloak
n^js 'eglah (St) heifer n3
l ? 'arabah (St) desert, steppe
nVJj? qalalah (-ot) curse n'wa bdtulah (St) virgin
nVoa masillah (St) highway nVsa mdgillah (St) scroll
roVaa mamlakah (-ot) kingdom
 Those who wish to read rmr as Yahweh, the most likely original pronunciation,
must remember to repoint these prepositions as ba Yahweh, h Yahweh, etc.
When the name mrr' occurs in conjunction with , 3'is, the former is read
as D'rfrx. and pointed rrirr... This is to avoid the repetition in reading 'addndy
Lesson
'addndy.12
NOUNS: n-ia bark covenant, treaty (f.)
jn hen grace, favor
nsner yasii'dh (pi. -6t) salvation, deliverance, victory LESSON 13]
nnaip simhdh (pi. -6t) joy
whose forms
VERBS:mustn»»be 'asah
learnedto singly as they
do, make, occur. None
act, perform, of these words
bring about
represents a frequent
rw*i type.
ra'ah to see
na rnsbat karat daughter
to cut; nna n"i3pi. to make
niiaa treaty
banot
ns 'et
SDJ ndsa' time OTV 'it tint
to set out, travel, journey
r M delet door nin^T dalatot
PREPOSITIONS: O» 'im with, together with niiaws mismarot
"l^iro mismeret office
3 ka like,
nxeri hattat sinas, according to nisen haftaot
n^n nx hanit'et spear QT^n hanit im
1
ma ?? malkut with, together
kingdom with nvwVa malkuyot
-nx et-
63.Note
Vocabulary
the idiom 13.
'rsa yn xsa as in
N OTj^n
U N S :' rns sae nin
i nhaUa(')t
xsa David found favor
(pi. rrixen) sinwith
(f.) the king.
(or, -of)
Dibn /ifllom (pi. The king became fond of David.)
dream
na oat (pi. niia ) daughter
nTrx 'email fear, terror, dread
Exercises:
nnDB? siphah (pi. -of) maidservant, female slave
(a) Give nax 'amah for
the Hebrew (pi.the
irreg. 'amahotorally:
following ninax) maidservant, female slave
VERBS : rrn hayah t o be, become ( +b )
1. On sonthat/jafa'
day he to
madesin a(against: b )the king.
treaty with
2. ThenVnprophet
halamgrew to fond
dreamof the boy.
Tzb lakad to capture, take captive
3. A great sound ascended heavenward.
4. They went up toward-the-city with the people.
Exercises:
5. They
(a) Give built a house
the Hebrew for thein that place. sentences orally:
following
1. 6.Samuel
Who did
is athis
justevil thing?
judge.
2. 7.Jerusalem
Did you isacta according
great city.to the words which are there?
because," or some other English He gave him everything
subordinating that he had
conjunction. Theacquired.
exhaustive
classification of all these independent pronominal and quasi-conjunctional
With an adjective 73 has an indefinite pronominal sense:
uses is beyond the scope of an elementary grammar.
(2) Because "T ON acquires
Bhrr73 an new
anything independent pronominal status ("that
which"), it may occasionally be found with a preceding preposition, quite
contrary to common
67. Vocabulary 14. usage.
Resulting from these tendencies and in regular use as conjunctions are
NOUNS "*?* kali (pi. irreg. D-1??) vessel, utensil
""?*? IV?
a-# an 'aser because (lit. because of the fact that)
'erebyaevening
"•$? IDS 'ahare after
'asertable
vfvf ntfx?
sulhdn (pi. -6t)
ka'aser as, according as, when
T?» boqer morning
B although
Finally,
VERBS: R qcon to most arise relative clauses are signalled with "rax, it is
possible toDPuse sam
a clause to modify
to put, a preceding noun with no formal mark of
set, place
the relationship
K3 ba' whatever
to come,(theenter
term(may
asyndetic is used by
be followed to adescribe
noun ofthis):
place with-
Gen. 15:13 out a preposition)
nnV N*? pfca in a land (which is) not theirs
I Sam. 6:9sam u^
DS to rrn
fast sin n~ij?» It was a chance thing (that) happened
-ia gar to sojourn to us.
This typenn»
satah to drink
of relative clause in more frequent in poetry than in prose, and
OTHER: i s 'ad (Prep.) to, as far as, by, until
more frequent after an indefinite antecedent than a definite one.
73 kol all, each, every

71. Vocabulary 15. [61]

NOUNS : njsa miswah (pi. -of) commandment
nix 'or(pi. ••im) light
ofi hosek darkness
3'N 'oyeb (pi. -im) enemy
VERBS : 3?? sabab to surround, go around
"•IN 'arar to curse
3!» 'azab to abandon
i?V 'abar to cross (a place); to transgress
(a commandment)
an; yaras to inherit
n?w sakah to forget
CONJUNCTION : "•?&3 ka'aser as, according as, when

[65]