Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc.

39: 12 (2002)

Revisions of some lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Antarctica

Vagn Alstrup
Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 130, DK-1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark. E-mail: vagna@bot.ku.dk

Abstract: Arthonia subantarctica vstedal, Heterocarpon follmannii Dodge, Thelidiola eklundii Dodge and Thelidium minutum

Dodge were found to be based on discordant elements of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi and are lectotypified on the lichenicolous fungi. The new combination Polycoccum follmannii (Dodge) Alstrup is made. Thelidiola Dodge is a synonym of Muellerella Hepp ex Mll. Arg., Catillaria cremea, Thelidiola eklundii and Thelidium minutum becomes synonyms of Carbonea vorticosa, Muellerella pygmaea and Muellerella lichenicola respectively.

Kokkuvte: Parandusi mnede Antarktika samblike ja lihhenikoolsete seente taksonoomias.

Arthonia subantarctica vstedal, Heterocarpon follmannii Dodge, Thelidiola eklundii Dodge ja Thelidium minutum Dodge leiti baseeruvat lihheniseerunud ja lihhenikoolsete seente htesobimatutel elementidel ja on lektotpiseeritud lihhenikoolsete seentena. Esitatakse uus kombinatsioon Polycoccum follmannii (Dodge) Alstrup. Thelidiola Dodge on Muellerella Hepp ex Mll. Arg. snonm; Catillaria cremea, Thelidiola eklundii ja Thelidium minutum sobivad vastavalt Carbonea vorticosa, Muellerella pygmaea ja Muellerella lichenicola snonmideks. INTRODUCTION The Antarctic lichens and lichenicolous fungi have mostly been treated by lichenologists unfamiliar with the arctic species, which has led to many taxa being described from both areas. Especially the works of Dodge (1948, 1968, 1973), Dodge & Baker (1938) and Dodge & Rudolph (1955) caused much confusion, as the descriptions were often unprecise. The revisions by Castello & Nimis (1994, 1995) solved many taxonomic problems related to the lichenized species. In the present paper some species described as lichenicolous or as lichenized but supposed to be lichenicolous were studied. RESULTS AR THONIA SUBANTARCTICA vstedal Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter 185: 36, 1986. Holotype: Bouvetya, NW coast, Nyrysa, NW of Summit Point (hill 51), alt. 30 m, T. Engelskjn 001.1 (BG!). The taxon was described as being lichenized but the study of the holotype showed it to be a lichenicolous Arthonia species parasitic on Buellia babingtonii (Hooker & Taylor) M. Lamb ex Dodge. Being based on discordant elements, the lichenicolous fungus is here selected as lectotype. The species seems not to have been described earlier, and the name Arthonia subantarctica vstedal should accordingly be used for the parasite. The infected thalli of Buellia babingtonii are very rarely fertile, and the areoles turn brown before they are destroyed. The holotype is a mosaic of infected and uninfected B. babingtonii and Caloplaca sublobulata, the latter species is able to overgrow infected Buellia thalli but is itself partly overgrown by healthy Buellia. The species was reported from South Shetland Islands, Deception Island by Aptroot & Knaap (1993). They did not notice its lichenicolous nature. CATILLARIA CREMEA Dodge & Baker Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 25: 544545, 1938. Type: Marie Byrd Land, Edsel Ford Range, Skua Gull Peak, P. Siple & S. Corey 72W-8 (FH!). The holotype was identified as Carbonea vorticosa (Flrke) Hertel, consequently Catillaria cremea is a synonym of that species. POLYCOCCUM FOLLMANNII (Dodge) Alstrup comb. nov. Basionym: Heterocarpon follmannii Dodge, Nova Hedwigia 15: 304305, 1968. Holotype: South Shetland Islands, Greenwich Island, Follmann 14108-D (FH!). Fig. 1. Heterocarpon follmannii is based on discordant elements, being a species of Polycoccum growing

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parasitically on Lecidea cremoricolor Hue. The lichenicolous fungus is hereby selected as the lectotype, and the new combination becomes necessary. Dodge (l.c.) gave the ascospores as 1518 6 m, but I measured 1718.5 810 m for the ripe spores; they are smooth-walled with rounded ends and slightly constricted at the septa. Three to four spores were seen in each ascus. The species is only known from the holotype.

Area, K. P. Rennell com. E. Schofield AA-135, parasymbiotic on the thallus of Lecanora lavae Darb. (FH!). Although called parasymbiotic, Dodge described a thallus 15 m thick consisting of periclinal hyphae surrounding the perithecia without mentioning a symbiont, the perithecia being 300 m in diam. and immersed in the host thallus. Study of the holotype showed that the parasitic fungus was identical with Muellerella lichenicola (Sommerf. ex Fr.) D. Hawksw., and Thelidium minutum Dodge thereby becomes a synonym of M. lichenicola. The host species given as Lecanora lavae Darb. is Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC) Leuckert & Poelt. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to the herbaria BG and FH for loan of material. REFERENCES
Aptroot, A. & van der Knaap, W. O. 1993. The lichen flora of Deception Island, South Shetland Islands. Nova Hedwigia 56: 183192. Castello, M. & Nimis, P. L. 1994. Critical notes on the genus Candelariella (Lichenes) in Antarctica. Acta Bot. Fennica 150: 510. Castello, M. & Nimis, P. L. 1995. A critical revision of Antarctic lichens described by C. W. Dodge. In Studies in licenology with emphasis on chemotaxonomy, geography and phytochemistry Festschrift Ch. Leuckert (eds Knoph, J.-G., Schrfer, K. & Sipman, H. J. M). Bibliotheca Lichenologica 57: 7192. Dodge, C. W. 1948. Lichens and lichen parasites. BANZ Antarctic Research Expedition 19291931. Reports series B: 7. Dodge, C. W. 1968. Lichenological Notes on the flora of the Antarctic continent and the subantarctic islands VII and VIII. Nova Hedwigia 15: 285332. Dodge, C. W. 1973. Lichen Flora of the antarctic continent and adjacent islands. Phonix Publishing, Cannan, New Hampshire: 399 pp. Dodge, C. W. & Baker, G. E. 1938. Lichens and lichen parasites. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 25: 515718. Dodge, C. W. & Rudolph, E. D. 1955. Lichenological notes on the flora of the antarctic continent and the subantarctic islands I-IV. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 41: 131149.

Fig. 1. Polycoccum follmannii, holotype, ascospores. Scale = 10 m. THELIDIOLA EKLUNDII Dodge Nova Hedwigia 15: 300, 1968. Holotype: (Hub?) Nunatak (6800S, 6647W?) on coarse white granite pebbles, Carl Eklund B-6-A, US Antarctic Service Expedition 56 (FH!). The genus Thelidiola Dodge, with T. eklundii as type species, was described as being lichenized with Trebouxia algae. However, study of the type species showed that it was a lichenicolous fungus, Mullerella pygmaea (Krber) D. Hawksw., parasitic on an unknown lichenized thallus. The lichenicolous fungus is here selected as the lectotype, rendering Thelidiola Dodge a synonym of Muellerella Hepp ex Mll. Arg., and T. eklundii a synonym of M. pygmaea. THELIDIUM MINUTUM Dodge Nova Hedwigia 15: 301, 1968. Holotype: Victoria Land, southeast of Lake Penny, Walcott Glacier

Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 39: 312 (2002)

Lichens from Ammassalik , Southeast Greenland

Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 130, DK-1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark E-mail: erich@bot.ku.dk

Eric Steen Hansen

Abstract: A total of 200 taxa of lichens are reported from two localities on Ammassalik in Southeast Greenland. Aspicilia

montana, Porocyphus coccodes and Porpidia thomsonii are reported as new to Greenland. 9 species are new to East Greenland, viz. Candelariella dispersa, Koerberiella wimmeriana, Lecidea antiloga, Mycoblastus alpinus, Pyrenopsis furfurea, Rimularia impavida, Spilonema revertens, Verrucaria ceuthocarpa and V. mucosa. 32 species are new to Southeast Greenland, viz. Amandinea cacuminum, Aspicilia aquatica, A. mastoidea, A. mastrucata, Bellemerea cinereorufescens, Biatora subduplex, Buellia aethalea, Calvitimela armeniaca, Candelariella terrigena, Cystocoleus ebeneus, Ephebe hispidula, Epilichen scabrosus, Lecanora fuscescens, Lecidea leucothallina, L. tesselata, Leprocaulon subalbicans, Leptogium saturninum, Lopadium pezizoideum, Miriquidica garovaglii, Mycobilimbia lobulata, Polyblastia cupularis, Polysporina simplex, Polychidium muscicola, Porpidia flavicunda, Rhizocarpon bolanderi, R. grande, Rimularia furvella, Staurothele areolata, Stereocaulon glareosum, S. incrustatum, Verrucaria nigrescens and Vestergrenopsis isidiata. Geology, climate and vegetation of the localities are briefly treated.

Kokkuvte: E. S. Hansen. Ammassalik (Kagu-Grnimaa) samblikud.

Ammassalik piirkonna (Kagu-Grnimaa) kahes leiukohas on tuvastatud 200 samblikuliigi esinemine. Aspicilia montana, Porocyphus coccodes ja Porpidia thomsonii on esmasleiud Grnimaalt. Ida-Grnimaa esmasleiud esindavad 9 liiki:Candelariella dispersa, Koerberiella wimmeriana, Lecidea antiloga, Mycoblastus alpinus, Pyrenopsis furfurea, Rimularia impavida, Spilonema revertens, Verrucaria ceuthocarpa ja V. mucosa. 32 liiki on nd esmakordselt mratud ka Kagu-Grnimaalt: Amandinea cacuminum, Aspicilia aquatica, A. mastoidea, A. mastrucata, Bellemerea cinereorufescens, Biatora subduplex, Buellia aethalea, Calvitimela armeniaca, Candelariella terrigena, Cystocoleus ebeneus, Ephebe hispidula, Epilichen scabrosus, Lecanora fuscescens, Lecidea leucothallina, L. tesselata, Leprocaulon subalbicans, Leptogium saturninum, Lopadium pezizoideum, Miriquidica garovaglii, Mycobilimbia lobulata, Polyblastia cupularis, Polysporina simplex, Polychidium muscicola, Porpidia flavicunda, Rhizocarpon bolanderi, R. grande, Rimularia furvella, Staurothele areolata, Stereocaulon glareosum, S. incrustatum, Verrucaria nigrescens ja Vestergrenopsis isidiata. Ts ksitletakse pgusalt kogumispiirkonna geoloogiat, kliimat ja taimkatet. INTRODUCTION The author investigated the lichen flora of the surroundings of Tasiilaq in the late June and July 1985 and in the vicinitity of the Sermilik Station in August 2001. Both localities are situated in the southern part of Ammassalik with the Ammassalik Fjord to the east and the Sermilik Fjord to the west of the island. Vegas Fjeld (1084 m) and Polhems Fjeld (1030 m) are the highest mountains in the area. Tasiilaq has a sheltered position at the western coast of Kong Oskars Havn, while the Sermilik Station is situated just north of Ikteq and east of the largest single glacier on Ammassalik , the Mittavakkat Gletscher. An important purpose of the lichenological studies carried out in 2001 was to start measurements of lichen growth in front of the glacier. In 1985 my attention primarily focussed on the lichen flora occurring on charnokitic rocks and that growing on gneissic rocks. Comprehensive surveys of the lichen flora of Southeast Greenland have previously been given by Dahl, Lynge & Scholander (1937), Daniels (1975, 1982) and E. S. Hansen (1978). Localities and geology The following two localities on Ammassalik were investigated by the author in the summer of 1985 and the summer of 2001, respectively (Fig. 1). 1. Tasiilaq. 6536N, 3738W. Alt. 0600 m. 27 June 16 July 1985 & 78 August 2001 & 2324 August 2001. Archaean garnet gneisses intersected by basic dykes. However, the bedrock of Tasiilaq is mainly composed of charnokite, a basic norite rich in hypersthene (Mg, Fe) SiO3. It weathers rather easily and forms gravelly talus slopes, which can be observed in several places near the town. 2. The Sermilik Station. 6541N, 3755W. Alt. 0250 m. 922 August 2001. Archaean garnet gneisses and different intrusive rocks and dykes (Bridgwater & Gormsen, 1968, Wright et al., 1973).

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Climate Ammassalik has low arctic and oceanic climate. According to measurements made by Asiaq/Grnlands Forundersgelser the mean temperature of the warmest month, July, is 10C at Tasiilaq, whereas the mean temperature of the coldest month, February, is 20C. The mean annual precipitation is 951 mm (2000). Tasiilaq is located in the largest ice-free area on the Southeast coast of Greenland. MATERIAL AND METHODS Lichens were collected at numerous sample plots at the two localities situated on Ammassalik . The collected material, a total of 650 specimens of lichens, was studied with Zeiss light microscopes. Selected specimens of Buellia, Lepraria and Stereocaulon were identified by means of HPTLC. The material is deposited

at the Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen (C). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION About 80 lichens have previously been reported from Ammassalik (Daniels, 1968, 1975, 1982; Daniels & Ferwerda, 1972; Daniels, E. S. Hansen & Sipman, 1985; E. S. Hansen, 1978, 1986; E. S. Hansen, Poelt & Schting, 1987; Moberg & E. S. Hansen, 1986; Thomson, 1997). Most of these lichens have been found by the author in connection with the present investigation. Ammassalik belongs floristically to Southeast Greenland. Scoresby Sund marks the boundery-line between Southeast Greenland and the remaining part of East Greenland. The three species, which are reported new to Greenland, viz. Aspicilia montana, Porocyphus coccodes and Porpidia thomsonii, are rare and easily neglected.

Fig. 1. Location of investigation area in Southeast Greenland. 1 Tasiilaq. 2 Sermilik Station. The small Greenland map shows the situation of the investigation area.

Selected, mostly rare species of particular interest among the remaining lichens are listed together with the references in the following: Arctomia delicatula Th. Fr. (Daniels, 1982). Buellia geophila (Flrke ex Sommerf.) Lynge (Daniels & Ferwerda, 1972). Buellia leptocline (Flot.) A. Massal. (Daniels, 1975). Buellia notabilis Lynge (Daniels, 1975). Caloplaca tornonsis H. Magn. (Daniels, E. S. Hansen & Sipman, 1985). Parmeliella arctophila (Th. Fr.) Malme (Daniels, E. S. Hansen & Sipman, 1985). Phaeophyscia endococcina (Krb.) Moberg (Moberg & E. S. Hansen, 1986). Phaephyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg (Daniels & Ferwerda, 1972). Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. (Moberg & E. S. Hansen, 1986). Placynthiella oligotropha (J.R. Laundon) Coppins & P. James (Daniels, E. S. Hansen & Sipman, 1985). Rinodina conradi Krb. (Daniels, E. S. Hansen & Sipman, 1985). Stereocaulon condensatum Hoffm. (Daniels & Ferwerda, 1972). General remarks on the lichen vegetation The terricolous lichen vegetation on Ammassalik is strongly influenced by its lowarctic, oceanic climate and mainly acid soils. The lichens mentioned in the following are generally abundantly occurring in the communities, where they belong. Snow-patch communities dominated by Salix herbacea and rich in lichens such as Cetrariella delisei, Cladonia ecmocyna, Lecidoma demissum, Lepraria neglecta, Peltigera malacea, Solorina crocea and Stereocaulon alpinum are widely distributed on the island. Empetrum hermaphroditum-Vaccinium heaths are commonly occurring, too, particularly in the lowland, where they probably represent the climax vegetation (Daniels, 1982). The heaths occur both along the coast and in inland sites. They are comparatively rich in lichens such as Cetraria islandica, Cladonia amaurocraea, C. crispata, C. ecmocyna, C. mitis, C. phyllophora, C. stygia, Ochrolechia frigida, Peltigera malacea, Pertusaria oculata and Stereocaulon alpinum. The Empetrum-Vaccinium heaths have, however, an extremely varied composition compared with other dwarf shrub communities occurring in the

area. The occurrence of Phyllodoce coerulea-Salix glauca heaths is another characteristic feature of Ammassalik . They occur in sheltered places at the foot of steep rocks and in depressions and contain many lichens, e.g., Cladonia borealis, C. mitis, Peltigera scabrosa and Stereocaulon alpinum. Moist depressions in the heaths are often densely covered by Cetrariella delisei and Cladonia stricta. Among the more dry heath types the Empetrum-Betula nana heaths are of particular interest. They occur in wind exposed sites without snow cover during winter and are usually very rich in lichens such as, e.g., Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria muricata, Cladonia amaurocraea, C. mitis, Flavocetraria nivalis, Sphaerophorus globosus and Stereocaulon alpinum. The two last mentioned species are the dominant lichens in some dwarf shrub heaths. A Kobresia myosuroides-Vaccinium uliginosum community with a more restricted occurrence on Ammassalik is related to other steppe-like communities in Greenland (E. S. Hansen, 2001). It contains lichens such as Arctomia deliculata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia gracilis, Peltigera rufescens, Stereocaulon alpinum and S. paschale (Daniels, 1982). Dryas integrifolia is the dominant dwarf shrub species in some areas with a very thin snow cover in winter. The Dryas communities are fairly rich in lichens, e.g., Caloplaca tetraspora, Cladonia macrophyllodes, Flavocetraria nivalis, Ochrolechia frigida and Rinodina mniaraea. The last mentioned species has not been reported from Ammassalik so far. Sloping ground in sheltered places between rocky ridges are often covered by a characteristic Viscaria alpina community rich in Cladonias such as C. crispata, C. mitis, C. ecmocyna, C. phyllophora and C. stygia and other lichens, e.g., Cetraria islandica, Peltigera malacea and Stereocaulon alpinum. A Loiselaria procumbens community with lichens such as Cladonia borealis, C. uncialis, Ochrolechia frigida and Solorina crocea occurs locally on the ridges and plateaus, which are usually wind exposed and almost bare during winter. Very few reports on epiphytic lichens are available from Southeast Greenland. Dahl, Lynge & Scholander (1937) reported on the occurrence of Cetraria sepincola at Mretun in Lindenowfjord, and the author collected Imshaugia aleurites and Parmeliopsis ambigua on Juniperus communis at Dronning Marias Dal

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in Skjoldungen (E. S. Hansen, 1978). 5 species of lichens, viz. Buellia papillata, Japewia tornonsis, Lecanora boligera, Lecidea antiloga and Rinodina turfacea, were found growing on twigs of Juniperus communis and one species, viz. Lecanora fuscescens, was collected on twigs of Salix glauca, during the present investigation. Extensive scrubs of Salix glauca cover the basal part of the mountains at the head of the large fjords just north of Ammassalik . These scrubs are potential habitats for epiphytic lichens, which probably will begin to colonized them under more favourable climatic conditions. The saxicolous lichen vegetation on Ammassalik is fairly rich and well developed. About fifty taxa of lichens were found growing on both charnokitic and gneissic rocks and almost the same number of lichens were found on charnokite alone. A dozen lichen species were collected on gneiss, only. No definite conclusions as to the total number of species in the different habitats can be drawn from these figures. However, the two types of rocks differ as regards mineral composition, texture and degree of hardness, parametres, which probably influence the composition of the lichen flora. The relatively high metal contents of the charnokite and some limonite-covered gneisses are reflected in the frequent occurrence of ruststained lichens such as Acarospora sinopica, A. smaragdula, Lecidea silacea, Miriquidica atrofulva, Porpidia flavicunda, P. flavocoerulescens, P. melinodes and Tremolecia atrata (E. S. Hansen, 1999; Purvis & Halls, 1996). These lichens were in particular found growing on the lower, moist part of boulders and rocks and on stones, which are temporarily moistened by melt water (E. S. Hansen, 1986, 1999). Seapage rocks without distinct limonite crusts are usually covered by lichens without a rust-stained thallus, e.g., Ephebe hispidula, Koerberiella wimmeriana, Lecanora chloroleprosa, Phylliscum demangeonii, Placynthium asperellum (often infected by Caloplaca castellana), Rhizocarpon badioatrum, Spilonema revertens and Vestergrenopsis elaeina. Strongly weathered charnokitic rocks and boulders hold lichens such as Caloplaca fraudans and Placopsis gelida, while other species, e.g., Calvitimela armeniaca and Sporastatia testudinea prefer hard rocks. Projecting rocks and boulders with guano on the top are often covered by ornithocoprophilous lichens belonging to the genera, Amandinea, Aspicilia, Caloplaca,

Candelariella, Melanelia, Parmelia, Physcia, Protoparmelia, Umbilicaria and Xanthoria. This very characteristic community is known from all parts of Greenland (E. S. Hansen, 1995). Acarospora molybdina and Caloplaca alcarum grow most abundantly near sea. Verrucaria ceuthocarpa, V. maura and V. mucosa grow in marine habitats, but often do not form distinct zones on the rocks. Annotated list of lichens The following list of lichens is based on the authors collections. Some lecideoid and leprose, crustose lichens have been neglected during the present investigation. Nomenclature follows Santesson (1993) with some exceptions. Numbers 1, 2 indicate the two localities listed above. Annotations are given as regards the substrate of the lichens and presence of apothecia (ap.) or perithecia (per.).st. means that the specimen is sterile. The frequency is mentioned, where it was possible to estimate it. Collections, which have been distributed previously from herbarium C as part of Lichenes Groenlandici Exsiccati (LGE), are stated by their numbers. Selected references are cited. ACAROSPORA MOLYBDINA (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. 2. On gneissic rocks partly covered by a thin layer of limonite; ap.; locally abundant. New to Ammassalik . A. SINOPICA (Wahlenb.) Krb. 1. On rocks composed of charnokite and other siliceous rocks with high contents of iron; ap.; common on Ammassalik , but otherwise very rare in East Greenland (E. S. Hansen, 1995). A. SMARAGDULA (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Miriquidica atrofulva and Tremolecia atrata; ap.; rare. ALECTORIA NIGRICANS (Ach.) Nyl. 2. On soil; ap. ALLANTOPARMELIA ALPICOLA (Th. Fr.) Essl. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Pseudephebe minuscula, Tremolecia atrata and Umbilicaria torrefacta; ap. AMANDINEA CACUMINUM (Th. Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & Sheard. 1. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks manured by birds, together with, e.g., Candelariella vitellina, Lecanora polytropa and Xanthoria borealis; ap. The taxon has recently been moved from Rinodina to Amandinea because of its pigmented hypothecium, filiform conidia and incomplete

thalline margin (Mayrhofer & Sheard, 2002). New to Southeast Greenland. ARTHRORHAPHIS ALPINA (Schaer.) R. Sant. 1. On soil; st. A. CITRINELLA (Ach.) Poelt. 1, 2. On soil; st. ASPICILIA AQUATICA Krb. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. A. CAESIOCINEREA (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold. 1. On rocks manured by birds composed of charnokite; ap. A. MASTOIDEA (Lynge) Thomson. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. A. MASTRUCATA (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. A. MONTANA (H. Magn.) Hav. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Lecanora polytropa, Melanelia hepatizon and Umbilicaria torrefacta; st. New to Greenland. Previously reported from Scandinavia (Magnusson, 1952). BAEOMYCES RUFUS (Huds.) Rebent. 1, 2. On soil and dead mosses; st. BELLEMEREA CINEREORUFESCENS (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux. 1. On charnokitic rocks; ap.; rare. New to Southeast Greenland. B. SUBSOREDIZA (Lynge) R. Sant. 2. On siliceous rocks, together with Lecanora leucococca and Rhizocarpon geographicum; st.; rare. New to Ammassalik . BIATORA CUPREA (Sommerf.) Fr. 1, 2. On mosses, plant remains and soil; ap. New to Ammassalik . B. SUBDUPLEX (Nyl.) Rsnen ex Printzen. 1. On mosses; ap.; rare. Perhaps only a form of B. vernalis (Thomson, 1997). New to Southeast Greenland. B. VERNALIS (L.) Fr. 1. On soil rich in humus; ap. BRYONORA CASTANEA (Hepp) Poelt. 1, 2. On mosses and plant remains; ap. New to Ammassalik . BUELLIA AETHALEA (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1. On charnokitic rock; ap. Thallus contains norstictic acid (HPTLC). New to Southeast Greenland. B. PAPILLATA (Sommerf.) Tuck. 1. On twigs of Juniperus communis; ap. CALOPLACA ALCARUM Poelt. 1. On Lecanora contractula on charnokitic rocks; ap. C. ARENARIA (Pers.) Mll. Arg. 1. On charnokitic rocks; ap.

C. CASTELLANA (Rsnen) Poelt. 1. On Placynthium asperellum on charnokitic rocks; ap. C. EXSECUTA (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. 1. On boulder composed of charnokite; ap. C. FRAUDANS (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier. 1, 2. On strongly weathered charnokitic and gneissic rocks; ap. C. JUNGERMANNIAE (Vahl) Th. Fr. 1. On mosses and plant remains; ap. C. LITHOPHILA H. Magn. 1. On charnokitic rock; ap. C. LIVIDA (Hepp) Jatta. 1. On plant remains; ap. C. NIVALIS (Krb.) Fr. 1. On mosses; ap. C. TETRASPORA (Nyl.) H. Olivier. 1. On mosses; ap. CALVITIMELA ARMENIACA (DC.) Hafellner. 1, 2. On gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Rhizocarpon geographicum, R. superficiale and Sporastatia testudinea; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. CANDELARIELLA DISPERSA (Rsnen) Hakul. 1. On Placynthium asperellum on charnokitic rock; st. New to East Greenland. C. PLACODIZANS (Nyl.) H. Magn. 1, 2. On mineral soil; st. C. TERRIGENA Rsnen. 1, 2. On mosses, gravelly soil and soil rich in humus; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. C. VITELLINA (Hoffm.) Mll. Arg. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Lecanora intricata and Xanthoria elegans; ap.; common. CETRARIA ISLANDICA (L.) Ach. 1, 2. On soil; ap. LGE 849. C. MURICATA (Ach.) Eckfeldt. 1, 2. On soil; st. CETRARIELLA DELISEI (Bory ex Schaer.) Krnefelt & A.Thell. 2. On soil; st. CHAENOTHECA FURFURACEA (L.) Tibell. 2. On dead mosses; ap.; rare. New to Ammassalik . CLADONIA AMAUROCRAEA (Flrke) Schaer. 2. On Racomitrium lanuginosum on soil, together with Cetraria muricata; st. C. BELLIDIFLORA (Ach.) Schaer. 1, 2. On soil and mosses, together with Cladonia borealis, C. stricta, Pertusaria oculata and Solorina crocea; ap. C. BOREALIS S. Stenroos. 1, 2. On soil and mosses; ap.; common. C. CARIOSA (Ach.) Spreng. 2. Among mosses on mineral soil, together with Cladonia borealis and C. pyxidata; ap.; rare. C. CARNEOLA (Fr.) Fr. 1, 2. On soil and mosses; st.

Folia Cryptog. Estonica

C.

(Flrke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. 1, 2. On soil and mosses; st. C. CRISPATA (Ach.) Flot. 1, 2. Among mosses on soil; st. C. CYANIPES (Sommerf.) Nyl. 2. On soil; st. C. ECMOCYNA Leight. 2. On soil, together with Solorina crocea; st. C. GRACILIS (L.) Willd. 2. On soil; st. C. LUTEOALBA Wheldon & A. Wilson. 1. On soil rich in humus; st.; rare. C. MACROPHYLLA (Schaer.) Stenh. 2. On soil; st. C. MACROPHYLLODES Nyl. 1, 2. On mosses, plant remains and soil rich in humus, together with, e.g., Cladonia pyxidata and Rinodina turfacea; ap.; common. LGE 850. C. MITIS Sandst. 1, 2. On soil; st.; common. C. PHYLLOPHORA Hoffm. 1, 2. On soil rich in humus, together with Cetraria islandica, Cladonia bellidiflora and C. mitis; st.; common. C. PLEUROTA (Flrke) Schaer. 1, 2. On soil rich in humus; st. C. PYXIDATA (L.) Hoffm. 2. On soil, together with, e.g., Cladonia borealis and C. cariosa; st. C. SQUAMOSA Hoffm. 2. On soil; st. C. STRICTA (Nyl.) Nyl. 1, 2. On soil, together with, e.g., Cladonia bellidiflora; st.; common. C. STYGIA (Fr.) Ruoss. 2. On soil; st. C. UNCIALIS (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. 2. On soil; st. CYSTOCOLEUS EBENEUS (Dillwyn) Thwaites. 1. On mosses; st. New to Southeast Greenland. DIPLOSCHISTES SCRUPOSUS (Schreb.) Norman. 1. On charnokitic rock; ap.; rare. EPHEBE HISPIDULA (Ach.) Horw. 1. On charnokitic rocks; st. New to Southeast Greenland. EPILICHEN SCABROSUS (Ach.) Clem. 2. On Baeomyces rufus and autonomous; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. EUOPSIS PULVINATA (Schaer.) Vain. 1, 2. On moist charnokitic rocks and siliceous gravel, together with, e.g., Lecanora chloroleprosa and Spilonema revertens; st. New to Ammassalik . FLAVOCETRARIA NIVALIS (L.) Krnefelt & A. Thell. 2. On soil; st.; common. FRUTIDELLA CAESIOATRA (Schaer.) Kalb. 1. On mosses; ap. New to Ammassalik . FUSCOPANNARIA PRAETERMISSA (Nyl.) P. M. Jrg. 1. On soil and charnikitic gravel, together with Candelariella terrigena; st. JAPEWIA TORNONSIS (Nyl.) Tnsberg. 1. On mosses and dead twigs of Juniperus communis, together with, e.g., Buellia papillata, Lecanora
CHLOROPHAEA

fuscescens and Lecidea antiloga; ap. New to Ammassalik . KOERBERIELLA WIMMERIANA (Krb.) Stein. 1. On charnokitic rocks; st. The specimens have more or less scattered isidia. New to East Greenland. LECANORA ARGOPHOLIS (Ach.) Ach. 1. On charnokitic rock; ap. New To Ammassalik . L. ATROSULPHUREA (Wahlenb.) Ach. 1. On charnokitic rock; ap. L. BOLIGERA (Norman ex Th. Fr.) Hedl. 1. On dead twigs of Juniperus communis; ap. L. CENISIA Ach. 1. On charnokitic rocks; ap. L. CHLOROLEPROSA (Vain.) H. Magn. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Euopsis pulvinata, Pilophorus dovrensis, Spilonema revertens and Vestergrenopsis elaeina; ap.; common. L. CONTRACTULA Nyl. 1. On charnokitic rocks, together with Caloplaca alcarum and Candelariella vitellina; ap. L. FUSCESCENS (Sommerf.) Nyl. 1. On dead twigs of Salix glauca; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. L. INTRICATA (Ach.) Ach. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Lecanora polytropa, Melanelia disjuncta and Xanthoria elegans; ap.; common. L. LEPTACINA Sommerf. 1. On mosses; ap. New to Ammassalik . L. LEUCOCOCCA Sommerf. 1, 2. On different siliceous rocks; ap. New to Ammassalik . L. POLYTROPA (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh. 1, 2. On rocks composed of charnokite and other types of siliceous rocks; ap.; common. LECIDEA ANTILOGA Stirt. 1. On dead twigs of Juniperus communis; ap. New to East Greenland. L. ATROBRUNNEA (Ramond ex Lam. & DC.) Schaer. 1, 2. On bird stones composed of charnokite and other types of siliceous rocks, together with, e.g., Lecanora polytropa; ap. L. ATROMARGINATA H. Magn. 1. On charnokitic rocks, together with, e.g., Rhizocarpon geminatum; ap. L. AURICULATA Th. Fr. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks; ap. New to Ammassalik . L. LAPICIDA (Ach.) Ach. var. LAPICIDA 1, 2. On siliceous rocks partly covered by a thin layer of limonite; ap. L. LAPICIDA (Ach.) Ach. var. PANTHERINA Ach. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Lecanora intricata, Orphniospora moriopsis and Rhizocarpon inarense; ap.

L.

Arnold. 1. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Ephebe hispidula and Rhizocarpon badioatrum; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. L. SILACEA Ach. 1. On charnokitic rocks covered by a distinct layer of limonite, together with, e.g., Acarospora smaragdula and Tremolecia atrata; ap. L. TESSELLATA Flrke. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Buellia aethalea; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. LECIDOMA DEMISSUM (Rutstr.) Gotth. Schneid. & Hertel. 1, 2. On soil, often in snow-patches; ap.; locally abundant. LEPRARIA NEGLECTA (Nyl.) Lettau. 1, 2. On soil. Thallus contains alectorialic acid and atranorin (HPTLC). LEPROCAULON SUBALBICANS (I. M. Lamb) I. M. Lamb & A. M. Ward. 1. On mosses. The specimens presumably belong to strain IV (Thomson, 1984) with squamatic acid and baeomycesic acid (HPTLC). However, atranorin was not found. New to Southeast Greenland. LEPTOGIUM SATURNINUM (Dicks.) Nyl. 1. On charnokitic gravel; st.; rare. New to Southeast Greenland. Previously collected by N. Hartz at Tgefjord in Central East Greenland (herb. C). LOPADIUM CORALLOIDEUM (Nyl.) Lynge. 1. On mosses; ap. New to Ammassalik . L. PEZIZOIDEUM (Ach.) Krb. 1. On mosses and plant remains; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. MASSALONGIA CARNOSA (Dicks.) Krb. 1. On mosses; st. New to Ammassalik . MELANELIA COMMIXTA (Nyl.) A.Thell. 2. On gneissic gravel; ap.; rare. M. DISJUNCTA (Erichsen) Essl. 1. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Lecanora intricata, Pseudephebe minuscula and Xanthoria elegans; st. M. HEPATIZON (Ach.) A.Thell. 1. On charnokitic rocks; st. MICAREA INCRASSATA Hedl. 2. On clayey soil; ap. New to Ammassalik . A rare lichen in East Greenland (Thomson, 1997). MIRIQUIDICA ATROFULVA (Sommerf.) A. J. Schwab & Rambold. 1. On rocks composed of charnokite and other siliceous rocks with high contents of iron, together with, e.g., Acarospora smaragdula, Porpidia melinodes, Tremolecia atrata and Umbilicaria torrefacta; st. M. GAROVAGLII (Schaer.) Hertel & Rambold. 1. On charnokitic rocks covered by a thin layer of
LEUCOTHALLINA

limonite, together with Acarospora sinopica, Lecidea silacea and Pseudephebe minuscula; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. M. LEUCOPHAEA (Flrke ex Rabenh.) Hertel & Rambold. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with Tremolecia atrata; ap. New to Ammassalik . M YCOBILIMBIA LOBULATA (Sommerf.) Hafellner. 2. On mineral soil; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. MYCOBLASTUS ALPINUS (Fr.) Th. Fr. ex Hellb. 1. On plant remains; ap. New to East Greenland. NEPHROMA ARCTICUM (L.) Torss. 1. On soil; st.; rare. N. PARILE (Ach.) Ach. 1. Among mosses and on twigs of Juniperus communis; st. New to Ammassalik . OCHROLECHIA FRIGIDA (Sw.) Lynge. 1, 2. On mosses, soil and plant remains; ap.; common. LGE 846. O. GRIMMIAE Lynge. 1. On Racomitrium lanuginosum, together with, e.g., Sphaerophorus globosus; ap. O. LAPUNSIS (Rsnen) Rsnen. 2. On plant remains; ap. New to Ammassalik . OPHIOPARMA VENTOSA (L.) Norman. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks with or without a thin layer of limonite; ap. ORPHNIOSPORA MORIOPSIS (A. Massal.) D. Hawksw. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Allantoparmelia alpicola, Rhizocarpon jemtlandicum and Umbilicaria virginis; ap.; common. PANNARIA HOOKERI (Borrer ex Sm.) Nyl. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Phylliscum demangeonii, Physcia dubia and Placopsis gelida; rarely on mosses; ap. P. PEZIZOIDES (Weber) Trevis. 1, 2. On soil and mosses; ap. PARMELIA SAXATILIS (L.) Ach. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Pseudephebe minuscula and Sphaerophorus globosus; rarely on twigs of Juniperus communis; ap.; common. LGE 847. P. SULCATA Taylor. 1. On charnokitic rocks manured by birds; st. PELTIGERA CANINA (L.) Willd. 2. Among mosses on soil; st. P. DIDACTYLA (With.) J. R. Laundon. 2. Among mosses on soil; st. P. LEPIDOPHORA (Nyl. ex Vain.) Bitter. 1. On soil; st.

10

Folia Cryptog. Estonica

P.

(Ach.) Funck. 2. Among mosses on soil; st. P. RUFESCENS (Weiss) Humb. 2. On plant remains and among mosses on soil; st. P. SCABROSA Th. Fr. 2. On soil and mosses on soil; ap. PERTUSARIA CORIACEA (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. 1. On plant remains; ap. P. DACTYLINA (Ach.) Nyl. 1. On soil; ap. P. GEMINIPARA (Th. Fr.) C. Knight ex Brodo. 2. On Racomitrium lanuginosum; st. P. OCULATA (Dicks.) Th. Fr. 1, 2. On soil and mosses; ap.; common. PHAEOPHYSCIA SCIASTRA (Ach.) Moberg. 1. On charnokitic birdstone, together with Placynthium asperellum and Rhizocarpon geminatum; st. PHYLLISCUM DEMANGEONII (Moug. & Mont.) Nyl. 1. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Lecanora chloroleprosa, Pannaria hookeri and Placynthium asperellum; ap. PHYSCIA CAESIA (Hoffm.) Frnr. 2. On gneissic rock; st. P. DUBIA (Hoffm.) Lettau. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks manured by birds, together with Xanthoria borealis; st. P. PHAEA (Tuck.) J. W. Thomson. 1. On charnokitic rocks; ap. New to Ammassalik . Previously collected at Dronning Marias Dal in Skjoldungen (Moberg & E. S. Hansen, 1986). PHYSCONIA MUSCIGENA (Ach.) Poelt. 1. On soil; st. PILOPHORUS DOVRENSIS (Nyl.) Timdal, Hertel & Rambold. 1. On soil, charnokitic gravel and rocks composed of charnokite; ap. There are two previous reports of this species from East Greenland (Dahl, Lynge & Scholander, 1937; Lynge, 1940). New to Ammassalik . PLACOPSIS GELIDA (L.) Linds. 1, 2. Usually solitarily occurring on often strongly weathered charnokitic and gneissic rocks; st.; common. PLACYNTHIUM ASPERELLUM (Ach.) Trevis. 1. On charnokitic rocks; ap. POLYBLASTIA CUPULARIS A. Massal. 1. On charnokitic rocks; pe. New to Southeast Greenland. POLYCHIDIUM MUSCICOLA (Sw.) Gray. 1. On mosses; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. POLYSPORINA SIMPLEX (Davies) Vzda. 1. On charnokitic rocks, together with, e.g., Lecanora intricata and Lecidea lapicida var. pantherina; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. POROCYPHUS COCCODES (Flot.) Krb. 1. On plant remains; ap. New to Greenland. Previously reported from the British Islands, Europe,
MALACEA

Algeria and North America (Purvis et al., 1992). PORPIDIA FLAVICUNDA (Ach.) Gowan. 1. On charnokitic rocks with a thin layer of limonite; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. P. FLAVOCOERULESCENS (Hornem.) Hertel & A. J. Schwab. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Lecidea lapicida var. lapicida, Tremolecia atrata and Umbilicaria virginis; ap.; common. P. MACROCARPA (DC.) Hertel & A. J. Schwab. 1. On gneissic rocks; ap. New to Ammassalik . P. MELINODES (Krb.) Gowan & Ahti. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks with a thin layer of limonite, together with, e.g., Miriquidica atrofulva and Tremolecia atrata; st. LGE 291 P. THOMSONII Gowan. 1. On charnokitic rocks; ap. New to Greenland. The species is widely distributed in North America (Thomson, 1997). PROTOPARMELIA BADIA (Hoffm.) Hafellner. 1, 2. On rocks manured by birds composed of charnokite and gneiss, together with, e.g., Lecanora polytropa, L. intricata and Rhizocarpon geographicum; ap. PSEUDEPHEBE MINUSCULA (Nyl. ex Arnold) Brodo & Hawksw. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, including rocks manured by birds and rocks rich in iron; st.; common. LGE 848. P. PUBESCENS (L.) M. Choisy. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks; st. PSORA RUBIFORMIS (Ach.) Hook. 1. On soil; rare. PSOROMA HYPNORUM (Vahl) Gray. 1, 2. On soil and mosses; ap.; common. LGE 845. PYRENOPSIS FURFUREA (Nyl.) Leight. 1. On charnokitic rocks; ap. New to East Greenland. RHIZOCARPON BADIOATRUM (Flrke ex Spreng.) Th. Fr. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Aspicilia aquatica, Ephebe hispidula and Koerberiella wimmeriana; ap. R. BOLANDERI (Tuck.) Herre. 1. On charnokitic rocks; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. R. COPELANDII (Krb.) Fr. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks; ap. R. DISPORUM (Ngeli ex Hepp) Mll. Arg. 1. On charnokitic rock; ap. R. GEMINATUM Krb. 1. On charnokitic rocks, together with, e.g., Physcia caesia, Xanthoria elegans and X. sorediata; ap.; common. New to Ammassalik .

11

R.

(L.) DC. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks including rocks with a distinct limonite cover; ap.; common. R. GRANDE (Flrke) Arnold. 1, 2. On gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Umbilicaria deusta and U. torrefacta; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. R. INARENSE (Vain.) Vain. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks including rocks with limonite crusts; ap. New to Ammassalik . R. JEMTLANDICUM (Malme) Malme. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks; ap. New to Ammassalik . R. NORVEGICUM Rsnen. 1. On Tremolecia atrata on rocks rich in iron; ap.; rare. New to Ammassalik . R. RITTOKENSE (Hellb.) Th. Fr. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks; ap. R. SUPERFICIALE (Schaer.) Vain. 2. On gneissic rocks; ap. New to Ammassalik . RHIZOPLACA MELANOPHTHALMA (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt. 1. On gneissic birdstone, together with Lecanora intricata; ap.; rare. RIMULARIA FURVELLA (Nyl. ex Mudd) Hertel & Rambold. 1. On Aspicilia sp. on charnokitic rock; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. R. IMPAVIDA (Th. Fr.) Hertel & Rambold. 1. On charnokitic rock; ap. New to East Greenland. RINODINA TURFACEA (Wahlenb.) Krb. 1. On plant remains and twig of Juniperus communis; ap. New to Ammassalik . SOLORINA CROCEA (L.) Ach. 1, 2. On soil, together with, e.g., Cladonia ecmocyna; ap.; common. SPHAEROPHORUS FRAGILIS (L.) Pers. 2. On gneissic rock, together with, e.g., Parmelia saxatilis; st. S. GLOBOSUS (Huds.) Vain. 1, 2. Among mosses on soil; st. LGE 293. SPILONEMA REVERTENS Nyl. 1. On moist charnokitic rock; ap. New to East Greenland. The species is often infested by Psorula rufonigra (Brodo, S. D. Sharnoff & S. Sharnoff, 2001). P. rufonigra has not been reported from Ammassalik so far. SPORASTATIA TESTUDINEA (Ach.) A. Massal. 1, 2. On gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Calvitimela armeniaca; ap. New to Ammassalik . STAUROTHELE AREOLATA (Ach.) Lettau. 1. On charnokitic rocks; ap. New to Southeast Greenland.
GEOGRAPHICUM

STEREOCAULON ALPINUM Laurer. 2. On gravelly soil; ap. S. ARENARIUM (Savicz) I. M. Lamb. 1, 2. On gravelly soil originating from charnokite and gneiss; st. Thallus contains atranorin and porphyrilic acid (HPTLC). New to Ammassalik . S. BOTRYOSUM Ach. 1. On charnokitic rocks st. S. GLAREOSUM (Savicz) H. Magn. 1, 2. On charnokitic gravel and soil; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. S. INCRUSTATUM Flrke. 1. On gravelly soil; st. New to Southeast Greenland. S. PASCHALE (L.) Hoffm. 2. On soil; st. S. VESUVIANUM Pers. 1, 2. On siliceous rocks and gravel; st. THAMNOLIA VERMICULARIS (Sw.) Schaer. var. SUBULIFORMIS (Ehrh.) Schaer. 1, 2. On soil and mosses. T RAPELIOPSIS GRANULOSA (Hoffm.) Lumbsch. 1, 2. On soil rich in humus; st. New to Ammassalik . T REMOLECIA ATRATA (Ach.) Hertel. 1, 2. On rocks composed of charnokite and other siliceous rocks with high contents of iron; ap.; common. LGE 290. UMBILICARIA ARCTICA (Ach.) Nyl. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks manured by birds, together with, e.g., Parmelia saxatilis, Physcia dubia and Xanthoria borealis; ap.; locally abundant. U. DEUSTA (L.) Baumg. 1. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks, together with, e.g., Rhizocarpon grande; st. U. HYPERBOREA (Ach.) Hoffm. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks; ap.; common. U. PROBOSCIDEA (L.) Schrad. 1. On charnokitic rocks; ap. U. TORREFACTA (Lightf.) Schrad. 1, 2. On charnokitic and other types of siliceous rocks, together with, e.g., Phylliscum demangeonii and Tremolecia atrata; ap.; common. U. VIRGINIS Schaer. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks; ap.; common. VERRUCARIA CEUTHOCARPA Wahlenb. 2. On gneissic seashore rocks; per. New to East Greenland. V. MAURA Wahlenb. 1. On charnokitic seashore rocks; per. New to Ammassalik . V. MUCOSA Wahlenb. 1. On charnokitic seashore rocks; per. New to East Greenland. V. NIGRESCENS Pers. 1. On charnokitic rock; per. New to Southeast Greenland.

12

Folia Cryptog. Estonica Daniels, F. J. A. & Ferwerda, H. F. 1972. Three interesting lichen finds from Southeast Greenland. Acta Bot. Neerl. 21 (2): 166168. Daniels, F. J. A. , Hansen, E. S. & Sipman, H. J. M. 1985. New records of terricolous microlichens from Southeast Greenland. Acta Bot. Neerl. 34 (1): 4958. Hansen, E. S. 1978. Notes on occurence and distribution of lichens in Southeast Greenland. Meddel. Grnland 204 (4): 171. Hansen, E. S. 1986. Lichener som indikatorer for tungmetaller i Grnland. Forskning/Tusaat 1/86: 28. Hansen, E. S. 1995: Greenland Lichens. Atuagkat & Rhodos in cooperation with Danish Polar Center, Copenhagen, 124 pp. Hansen, E. S. 1999. Epilithic lichens on iron- and copper-containing crusts at Qeqertarssuaq, Central West Greenland. Graphis Scripta 10: 712. Hansen, E. S. 2001. Lichen-Rich Soil Crusts of Arctic Greenland. Ecological Studies 150:. 5765. Hansen, E. S., Poelt, J. & Schting, U. 1987. Die Flechtengattung Caloplaca in Grnland. Meddel. Grnland Biosci. 25: 152. Lynge, B. 1937. Lichens from West Greenland, collected chiefly by Th. M. Fries. Meddel. Grnland 118(8): 1225. Magnusson, A. H. 1952. Lichens from Torne Lappmark. Ark. Bot., Ser. 2, 2: 1249. Mayrhofer, H. & Sheard, J. W. 2002. Amandinea cacuminium: a new combination (Physciaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes). Mycotaxon 82: 437441. Moberg, R. & Hansen, E. S. 1986. The lichen genus Physcia and allied genera in Greenland. Meddel. Grnland Biosci. 22: 132. Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J., Hawksworth, D. L., James, P. W. & Moore, D. M. (eds) 1992. The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Natural History Museum Publications, London. 710 pp. Purvis, O. W. & Halls, C. 1996. A review of lichens in metal-enriched environments. Lichenologist 28: 571601. Santesson, R. 1993. The lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Sweden and Norway. SBT -frlaget, Lund. 240 pp. Thomson, J. W. 1984. American Arctic Lichens. I. The Macrolichens. Colombia University Press. New York. 504 pp. Thomson, J. W. 1997. American Arctic Lichens. II. The Microlichens. The University of Wisconsin Press. Wisconsin. 675 pp. Wright, A. E., Tarney, J., Palmer, K. F., Moorlock, B. S. P. & Skinner, A. C. 1973. The Geology of the Angmagssalik Area, East Greenland and possible relationships with the Lewisian of Scotland. In: Park, R. G. & Tarney, J. (eds). The Early Precambrian of Scotland and related rocks of Greenland. University of Keele, New Castle: 157177.

VESTERGRENOPSIS ELAEINA (Wahlenb.) Gyeln. 1. On charnokitic rock, together with, e.g., Lecanora chloroleprosa; ap. V. ISIDIATA (Degel.) E. Dahl. 1. On charnokitic rocks and wood; ap. New to Southeast Greenland. XANTHORIA BOREALIS R. Sant. & Poelt. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks manured by birds, together with, e.g., Amandinea cacuminium, Physcia dubia and Umbilicaria arctica; ap. X. ELEGANS (Link) Th. Fr. 1, 2. On charnokitic and gneissic rocks manured by birds, together with, e.g., Physcia caesia and Rhizocarpon geminatum; ap.; common. X. SOREDIATA (Vain.) Poelt. 1. On basal part of charnokitic birdstone, together with Rhizocarpon geminatum; st.; rare. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank D. Vibede for loan of house in Tasiilaq and Bent Hasholt for giving me permission to use the facilities of the Sermilik Station, which belongs to the University of Copenhagen. Thanks are also due to V. Alstrup, J. Poelt, R. Moberg and U. Schting for help with identification of selected lichen specimens and to S. Christensen for assistence with HPTLC. The project were financed by grants from the Danish Natural Science Research Council (SNF). REFERENCES
Bridgwater, D. & Gormsen, K. 1968. Precambrium rocks of the Angmagssalik District, East Greenland. Grnlands geol. Unders. Rapp. 15: 6171. Brodo, I., Sharnoff, S. D. & Sharnoff, S. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. New Haven and London. 795 pp. Dahl, E., Lynge, B. & Scholander, P. F. 1937. Lichens from Southeast Greenland. Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet 70: 177. Daniels, F. J. A. 1968. Lichens collected during a Dutch botanical East Greenland expedition to Angmagssalik area in 1966. Acta Bot. Neerl. 17 (5): 345348. Daniels, F. J. A. 1975. Vegetation of the Angmagssalik District, Southeast Greenland. Meddel. Grnland 198 (3): 132. Daniels, F. J. A. 1982. Vegetation of the Angmagssalik District, Southeast Greenland. Meddel. Grnland Biosci. 10: 178.

Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 39: 1326 (2002)

A few out of many interesting inoperculate, lignicolous discomycetes from Norway

1

Institute of Zoology and Botany, Riia Street 181, EE 51014 Tartu, Estonia.

Ain Raitviir1 & Seppo Huhtinen2

E-mail: ain@zbi.ee Herbarium, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland. E-mail: seppo.huhtinen@utu.fi

Abstract: Seven species of inoperculate discomycetes growing on decaying wood are critically studied. Their taxonomy,
variability and ecology are discussed.

Kokkuvte: A. Raitviir ja S. Huhtinen. Mned paljudest huvitavaid inoperkulaatseid puidul kasvavaid liudseeni Norrast.
Kriitiliselt uuriti 7 kdunenud puidul kasvavat inoperkulaatse liudseene liiki. Ksitletakse nende taksonoomiat, varieeruvust ja koloogiat. INTRODUCTION The material has been collected in a large-scaled biodiversity project on dead wood and the associated species community of fungi and beetles in SE Norway (see Stokland (2001) for a methodological description). The first author was sent more than 2000 collections of Ascomycetes collected during field works of this project for identification. This ample material comprised a small number of interesting species. A new species Incrupila lignicola Raitv. has been described (Raitviir, 1997). There are seven more species worth of detciled discussion which is provided in the present paper. Ciliolarina laetifica Huhtinen, C. neglecta Huhtinen, Gorgoniceps hypothallosa Svrcek, Ombrophila lilacina (Wulfen: Fr.) Rehm, Phaeohelotium trabinellum (P. Karst.) Dennis and Discocainia treleasei (Sacc.) J. Reid & A. Funk are discussed in detail, and a collection of Hyaloscypha aureliella (Nyl.) Huhtinen growing on deciduous wood is described and illustrated. MATERIALS & METHODS The dry material was mounted in the following mountants: MLZ (Melzers reagent), CB (Cotton blue in lactic acid, glycerine & water), CR (ammoniacal Congo red), CRB (Cresyl blue in water), KOH (10 % (SH) or 3% (AR) potassium hydroxide in water), LUG (1 % IKI) and examined in Olympus BX40, using an UPlanFl100x lens, and an AcuZoom zooming module (Optem International) with which the camera lucida drawings were made to the scale of 1:2500 (SH) and Nikon Labophot-2 (AR) microscopes. All observations and measurements are based on dried material. Kornerup & Wanscher (1967) has been followed for the colour names and in some cases Cailleux (1981) colour codes are also given. Bold x (x) is used to indicate ascus and spore length mean values. The specimens are preserved in O, if duplicates are kept in TUR and TAA, it is indicated. RESULTS The first author examined more than 2000 collections of Ascomycetes collected during field works of this project and identified 102 species and 4 varieties of inoperculate Discomycetes. Six species and a set of atypical specimens of Ciliolarina neglecta treated in the present paper were identified by the second author and so the total number of inoperculate Discomycetes becomes 108. To evaluate the frequency of included species in Norwegian forests against the frequency of the common species of Helotiales we present the frequency data of 20 most common Helotiales indicating the number of localities and number of individual logs bearing the species (Table 1). In total 4145 logs were sampled from 159 different localities (Stokland, pers. comm.).

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Table 1. Frequency of the 20 most common species of lignicolous Helotiales in Norway

CILIOLARINA Figs. 47

NEGLECTA

Huhtinen

Species Hyaloscypha aureliella Orbilia delicatula Mollisia cinerea Ascocoryne cylichnium Phaeohelotium trabinellum Bisporella citrina Ascocoryne sarcoides Orbilia inflatula Ciliolarina neglecta Mollisia macrosperma Tapesia fusca Tapesia livido-fusca Lachnellula suecica Gorgoniceps hypothallosa Mollisia ligni Propolis versicolor Mollisia ventosa Mollisia caespitica Lachnum virgineum Chlorencoelia versiformis

localities 79 76 69 54 49 42 38 35 30 28 24 23 17 17 15 14 13 12 11 10

logs 183 144 151 101 95 111 74 57 82 37 43 39 38 24 17 18 30 12 15 14

CILIOLARINA Figs. 13

LAETIFICA

Huhtinen

This species was described on the basis of one specimen from Canada (Huhtinen, 1993) and is reported now for the first time from Europe. It was originally distinguished from C. neglecta Huhtinen by its larger apothecia, MLZ asci and larger, more prominently guttulate spores. These two new collections widen the variability. The apothecia are as clearly stipitate as in C. neglecta. Both new collections show MLZ+ asci. The ascus size difference does hold: they are clearly larger than those of C. neglecta. The asci measure 3042 5.56.3 m (x= 39 5.8 m, n= 8) in MLZ. Likewise, the originally reported difference in spore size is confirmed. The spore size of the new material is: 4.86.7 2.02.6 m (x= 5.7 2.3 m), Q= 2.22.9, Q= 2.6 (n= 20) in CR. Hence, it appears that the discontinuity found out in one of the Canadian specimen holds in Europe too, even though the ecology is exactly similar.
Specimens examined: Oppland, Sel, F23, Pinus sylvestris, 25 IX 1996, Stokland 7899. Tynset, Gammeldalen, Picea abies, 15 X 1997, Stokland 25479 (TUR).

This species was described on the basis of eight specimens, most of which originated from the Canadian timberline. Only one of the paratypes was from Finland. All specimens were collected from coniferous substrate, ranging from naked wood to cortex and cones (Huhtinen, 1993). Likewise, the present new specimens from Norway occur on coniferous substrate (Pinus and Picea). They show the typical hair characteristics of the genus: gently mounted hairs in MLZ show the clear apical roughness, while those which are tapped are typically totally smooth. This loose roughness was shown to be characteristic to all known species included in the genus (Huhtinen, 1993). Most of the collections were fully typical for the species but there were about ten specimen which showed some deviant characters and were not at the first glance recognizable as C. neglecta. With this new material, the original diagnosis needs to some extent be emended. The ectal excipulum is firm-walled and strictly prismatic only for one cell layer. Beneath this is a thin-walled excipulum composed of large, elongated, clearly enlarged cells, which are loosely bound together (Fig. 4F ). Hence, in CR, they separate readily and characterize the mounts to masking the textura prismatica depicted in the original diagnosis. In one population up to 2/3 of the stipe was black and this seems to represent the maximum for this species. There is a great amount of variability in this character, because in most populations the stipes are totally light-coloured or blackish only at the extreme base. The outermost excipular layer on stipe is composed of elongated, regular textura prismatica. Hairs show large variability: from the short and clavate ones more typical of the Canadian material to cylindrical or cylindrical-clavate. In some populations all marginal hairs are cylindrical and clavate hairs are hard to observe. In almost all populations they can be found, however. Populations with cylindrical hairs only can easily be taken as species of the genus Psilocistella Svrcek. The apical, loose roughness and coniferous substrate are of help in such cases. The scantiness of present collections may also explain the scantiness of clavate hairs, because often only one apothecium could be stud-

15

Figs 13. Ciliolarina laetifica, specimens Stokland 25479 (1), 7899 (2), holotype (3). 1a: Marginal hairs. 1b: Outermost layer of medial flank excipulum. 1c: Ascospores. 1d: Asci and paraphyses. 1e: Dry apothecia. 2a: Ascospores. 2b: Marginal hairs. 2c: Asci and paraphyses. 3a: Ascospores. 3b: Marginal hairs. 3c: Asci. Scale 20 m, for apothecia 100 m. ied. Ample collections will be needed to indicate variability within populations in this respect. Hair roughness is mostly granular. Apparently part of hair vesture may deform in MLZ, because also occasional swollen or even stalked globules are seen amongst these granules (Fig. 4A). In CB and CR hairs are smooth. Only in one population few scattered warts were seen on some hairs in CR (7B). In a CB mount hairs may look as if firm-walled, but this effect is due

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Figs. 47. Ciliolarina neglecta, specimens Stokland 8310 (4, 6), 8159 (5), 10806 (7). 4a: Marginal hairs. 4b: Ascospores. 4c: Asci and paraphyses. 4d: Outermost layer of stipe excipulum. 4e: Outermost layer of medial flank excipulum. 4f: Inner excipulum from medial flanks. 5a: Marginal hairs. 5b: Marginal hairs from another apothecium. 5c: Ascospores. 6: Dry apothecia. 7a: Marginal hairs. 7b: Marginal hairs from another apothecium. 7c: Ascospores. 7d: Asci and paraphysis. Scale 20 m, for apothecia 100 m.

17

to retracted plasma (5A). Asci have a blue apical pore in LUG. The small and inconspicuous C. neglecta turned out to be a common and abundant xylotrophic discomycete in Norwegian forests. It was found on 82 logs in 30 localities and was, in fact, the second species in abundance on softwood after Hyaloscypha aureliella. It prefers clearly pine wood as 67 collections (82%) are from Pinus sylvestris and 15 collections (18%) from Picea abies.
Specimens examined: Oppland, Sel, F23, Pinus sylvestris, 25 IX 1996, Stokland 7868, 7908 & 7923. Oppland, Sel, Havringen, Pinus sylvestris, 25 IX 1996, Stokland 7991. Oppland, Vg, Salliseter, F53, Pinus sylvetris, 26 IX 1996, Stokland 8159, 8219, 8228, 8300, 8302 & 8310. Oppland, Gran Gullenhaug, Picea abies, 30 IX 1996, Stokland 8493, 8508, 8598 & 8618. Oppland, Nord-Fron, Strla, F63, Pinus sylvestris, 9 1996, Stokland 10627, 10662, 10712, 10752, 10785, 10806, 10809 & 10832. Oppland, Nord-Fron, F43, Pinus sylvestris, 9 X 1996, Stokland 10927, 10946 & 11041. Telemark, Bable, F41, Pinus sylvestris, 4 X 1996, Stokland 9678. Telemark, Dragendal, F42, Pinus sylvestris, 6 X 1996, Sockland 9866, 9887. Akershus, Srum, G51, Picea abies, 14 X 1996, Stokland 11654. Nore ug Uvdal, Smdldalen, Pinus sylvestris, 2 IX 1997, Stokland 15666. Hol, Kjerbuhovda, Pinus sylvestris, 3 IX 1997, Stokland 15834, 16019. Nes, Tronrud, Pinus sylvestris, 4 IX 1997, Stokland 16256. Nes, Storevatn, Pinus sylvestris, 5 IX 1997, Stokland 16581 & 16584. Nes, lungruken, Picea abies, 25 IX 1997, 21589. Nes, Gjuvbekken, Pinus sylvestris, 26 IX 1997, Stokland 21873. Engerdal, Tran, Pinus sylvestris, 17 IX 1997, Stokland 19027, 19032 & 19169. Ringerike, Flmurene, Pinus sylvestris, 22 IX 1997, Stokland 19027 & 19032. Rendalen, Fuggdalen 1, Pinus sylvestris, 19 IX 1997, Stokland 19169. Rendalen, Kiva, Pinus sylvestris, 14 X 1997, Stokland 25201, 25205, 25214, 25229, 25263, 25268 & 25269. Rendalen, Kverninga, Pinus sylvestris, 16 X 1997, Stokland, 25634, 25646, 25660, 25710, 15720, 25742, 25744 & 25755. Modum, Dritardalen, Pinus sylvestris, 23 IX 1997, Stokland 20334. Tinn, Flellstul, Picea abies, 25 IX 1997, Stokland 21053. Modum, Klftefoss, Pinus sylvestris, 24 IX 1997, Stokland 20838. Hurdal, Fjellsjkampen, Picea abies, 6 X 1997, Stokland 23263, 23353, 23390, 23406. Frogn, Hya, Picea abies, 8 X 1997, Stokland 23822 & 23931. Alvdal, Urlia, Pinus sylvetris, 14 X 1997, Stokland 25376. Tynset, Gammeldalen, Pinus sylvetris, 15 X 1997, Stokland 25412, 25442, 25446, 25458 & 25521. Halden, Prestebakke, Pinus sylvestris, 21 X 1997, Stokland 26361, 26381, 26467, 26502 & 26692. Halden, Godabergene, Pinus sylvestris, 22 X 1997, Stokland 26727.

GORGONICEPS Fig. 8

HYPOTHALLOSA

Svrcek

Apothecia gregarious, up to 500 m in diam, cupulate on a stout stipe to narrowly sessile, with or without a cover of hyaline to brown hyphae radiating from the base, sienna to terracota or burnt sienna (flanks Cailleux P59, margin M59), disc plane, concolorous to flanks but lightened by the whitish scurfy surface, margin firm, slightly raised above the hymenium and slightly incurved, smooth, stipe blackish. Apothecia, particularly the excipulum turn tomato red and exude pale orange to yellowish hue when mounted in KOH. Ectal excipulum MLZ-, CR-, CB-, of brown textura oblita textura porrecta, vivid brownish orange to tomato red in 3% KOH, greenish in 10% KOH, walls hyaline, colour localized inside the hyphae, outermost hyphae varying from firm to thick-walled, walls 0.5 to 1.5 m thick, running parallel to almost parallel to the surface, 3.54.5 m wide on middle flanks, at places terminating with a short clavate, firm-walled cell, 56.5 m wide; hyphae forming inwards textura porrecta, 1.53.0 m wide, walls slightly thickened. Margin composed of thick-walled to only slightly firm-walled hyphae ends, terminal cells cylindrical to slightly clavate, walls hyaline, smooth, contents very faintly brownish. Asci 90135 8.510.0 m in CR (x= 109 9.6 m, n= 10) narrowly clavate, eight-spored, slightly firm-walled, arising from croziers, apex conical, typically with a prominent protuberance at the pore, MLZ+ (faint blue) without KOH -treatment, LUG+ (blue), pore also clearly visible in KOH. Spores 2232 2.83.6 m, in CR (x= 27.5 3.2 m, n= 20), filiform, usually 3-septate, but occasionally also 46-septate, cylindrical to narrowly subfusoid, slightly curved, apices blunt to slightly tapering, multiguttulate, spumose in LUG and hence masking the septa, wall slightly thickened, septa CR-, CB-. Paraphyses filiform, 1.3 2.5 m wide, apically similar or slightly wider, simple, more rarely branched in upper part or apices irregular, with hyaline contents or with yellowish brown contents, rarely showing bulbous thickenings in lower parts. The present material is a perfect match to Svrceks (1984) original diagnosis and although the type was not checked, our material is undoubtedly conspecific. Svrcek found the type specimen from the underside of spruce cortex.

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Fig. 8. Gorgoniceps hypothallosa, specimens Stokland 16255, 21973, 25635, 25678. 8a: Detail of margin showing the maximal firm-walled appearance. 8b: Detail of margin showing the actual wall thickness. 8c: Excipulum from upper flanks. 8d: Ascospores. 8e: Asci and paraphyses. 8f: Dry apothecia. Scale 20 m, for apothecia 100 m.

19

He stated the apothecia to occur on blackish, resinous exudations. The occurrence of a brownish hypothallus was stressed as typical of the species. Indeed, in quite many populations a prominent, silvery whitish to brown hypothallus surrounds the apothecial basis. It is most prominent in those populations where apothecia occur on a blackish crust of deteriorating fungi. Only in a couple of populations the apothecia occurred on naked wood, without any obvious connection to other fungi or with only scattered blackish nodules nearby. Such apothecia showed no traces of a hypothallus. All our specimens were collected on Pinus wood, so this is a slight difference from type collection. As the blackish crust of well deteriorated fungi is so typical of this species, that might have been the case also in the type (subresinous exudates?). There is very little variability between the populations. The most variable characters seem to be the amount of hyphae radiating from the base and the proportion of more than 3-septate spores. Also the ecology is fairly constant. Only in two populations the apothecia grew on naked wood and only small, black nodules of fungal cells were seen close-by. All other populations had apothecia growing on old fungi. These seemed not to be Pyrenomycetes. To our knowledge, this taxon is only reported from Czech Republic and Norway.
Specimens examined (all on Pinus sylvestris wood): Nore and Uvdal, Smdldalen, 2 IX 1997, Stokland 15655 (TUR). Nes, Tronrud, 4 IX 1997, Stokland 16255 (TUR). Nes, Gjuvbekken, 26 IX 1997, Stokland 21827 (TUR), 21887 (TAA), 21973 (TUR). Trysil, Bgkjlen, 15 IX 1997, Stokland 17335. Engerdal, Tran, 17 IX 1997, Stokland 18619 (TAA). Rendalen, stvollen, 18 IX 1997, Stokland 18868 (TAA). Rendalen, Fuggdalen, 19 IX 1997, Stokland 19262 (TAA). Rendalen, Kiva, 14 X, Stokland 25224 (TAA). Rendalen, Kverninga, 16 X, Stokland 25635, 25678 (TUR), 25697 (TAA), 25709 (TAA). Ringerike, Flmyrene, 22 IX 1997, Stokland 19026 (TAA), 19042 (TAA). Ringerike, Vleren, 23 IX 1997, Stokland 20169 (TAA). Modum, Dritardalen, 23 IX 1997, Stokland 20363 (TAA, TUR). Brunlanes, Askedalssane, 1 X 1997, Stokland 22947 (TAA). Rde, Kil, 9 X 1997, Stokland 24281 (TAA). Halden, Godabergene, 22 X 1997, Stokland 26726 (TAA).

and collected and it was the most common and abundant helotiaceous fungus on coniferous substrate in the Norwegian material, too. It was collected in 79 localities and on 183 different logs. Surprisingly, one specimen was found growing on decorticated wood of Betula. Substrate was verified microscopically and is definitely deciduous wood. The apothecia are in every respect typical for H. aureliella. Even the abundant yellow resin and the occasional deep amyloid reactions inside hairs, characterizing coniferous populations, were present (Huhtinen, 1990). To our knowledge this is the first ecologically deviating record of this species amongst the nearly 600 populations studied so far. Surprisingly, when writing this article, a collection was sent for determination from UK (Abernathy Forest Reserve) by Ann Leonard, which turned out to be a typical population of this species. The surprise was its substrate: a skeletonized leaf of Vaccinium.
Specimen examined: Norway, Nybu, Nore og Uvdal, Betula, 1 IX 1977, Stokland 15363 (TAA, TUR).

OMBROPHILA LILACINA (Wulfen: Fr.) P. Karst. Fig. 9 Peziza lilacina Wulfen: Fr. Syst. Mycol. 2: 104, 1823. Coryne lilacina (Wulfen: Fr.) Boud. Hist. Class, Discom. dEurope: 98, 1907. Neobulgaria lilacina (Wulfen: Fr.) Dennis, Kew Bull. 25: 346, 1971. Apothecia superficial, solitary or in small clusters, broadly to narrowly sessile, 0.52 mm in diameter, saucer-shaped with well-defined raised margins, disc and receptacle pale pink to dull grayish red when dry, gelatinous when fresh or soaked, ceraceous when dry. Ectal excipulum composed of thin-walled, hyaline, non-gelatinous cells at the flanks. Margin composed of non-gelatinous textura porrecta. Medulla composed of gelatinized textura intricata. Asci 8096 67.5 m in CR (x= 86.4x6.3 m, n= 10) cylindric-clavate, eight-spored, arising from croziers, apex rounded with a MLZ+ without KOH -treatment pore, LUG+ (blue), pore also clearly visible in KOH. Spores 812 3.55 m, in CR (x= 9.8 3,8 m, n= 20), hyaline, asymmetrically subfusoid, aseptate, containing 1 or 2 lipid guttules. Paraphyses filiform, 1.62 m wide, sparsely septate, apically not swollen. This characteristic species has been treated in the literature quite many times (Karsten,

HYALOSCYPHA Fig. 12

AURELIELLA

(Nyl.) Huhtinen

A detailed description of this species is given by Huhtinen (1990). It is widely distributed

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Fig. 9. Ombrophila lilacina, specimen Stokland 24509. 9a: Asci and paraphyses. 9b: Ascus apices. 9c: Juvenile (in CR, upper) and mature ascospores. 9d: Dry apothecia. 9e: Excipular structure. Scale 20 m, for apothecia 200 m.

21

1871; Rehm, 1896; Le Gal, 1953; Dennis, 1971; Gamundi & Romero, 1998; Ellis & Ellis, 1985). The typical roughness of the spores has, however, passed unnoticed. It was only in the provisionary, unpublished key of Ombrophila by H.-O. Baral (pers. comm.), where a notice on spore vesture could be found. Roughness is most pronounced in juvenile spores, but can easily be seen with oil immersion also on mature spores in standard mountants. The pale violet colour, sessile habit, partly gelatinous structure and rough, often biguttulate and asymmetrically subfusoid spores characterize this species. Although the type has apparently never been studied, the existing concept seems to coincide with what Fries (1823) had in mind treating Wulfens species. Of the material cited in the earlier literature, two specimens were checked. Karstens concept coincides with the present one and a specimen in Herb. Karsten (Finland, Mustiala, 2.10.1867, Karsten, in H) showed rough spores. Rehm (1896) cited Rabenhorsts Fungi Europaei no. 2106 as an example of Wulfens O. lilacina with a question mark because he had seen no mature hymenium in his specimen. Fungi Europaei no. 2106 in H contains a totally different species, so most likely this collection does not represent present species. Dennis (1971: 346) describes the spores as 68(9) 34 m and very probably his Neobulgaria lilacina (Wulfen: Fr.) Dennis is a different species. O. lilacina grows on different hardwoods: Alnus (1), Betula (4), Salix (1) and Sorbus (2). Although the data are not numerous it seems that Betula is a preferred substrate. This species is widely distributed (A.R. has seen collections from Estonia, Denmark and Lithuania) but not common (only 8 localities and 11 specimens in result of very careful 3-year sampling in Norway).
Specimens examined: Oppland, stre Toten, Falken, Betula sp., 16 IX 1996, Stokland 6957. Telemark, Nome, G43, Betula sp., 17 X 1996, Stokland 12357. Vestfold, Larvik (Hedrum), Venannss, Salix sp., 19 X 1996, Stokland 13130. Akershus, Skedsmo, Holmen, Alnus sp., 27 X 1996, Stokland 13854 &14095. Asker, Svensrud, Sorbus aucuparia, 7 X 1997, Stokland 23619. Rde, Kil, Betula sp., 9 X 1997, Stokland 24296 & 24297. Halden, Remmendalen, Sorbus aucuparia, 9 X 1997, Stokland 24460 & 24509 (TAA, TUR). Vler, Boslangen, Betula sp., 10 X 1997, Stokland 24733.

PHAEOHELOTIUM TRABINELLUM (P. Karst.) Dennis Fig. 10 Apothecia superficial, scattered to gregarious, often confluent, sessile, 0.31.2 mm in diameter, saucer-shaped with distinct margins, disc and receptacle cream coloured with whitish margin when dry. Ectal excipulum composed of thinwalled, hyaline, angular to almost globose cells 812 m in diameter, changing at the margin into cylindric-clavate hair-like cells, 3045 34 m, filled with yellowish resinous pigment turning bright red to reddish brown in MLZ. At the flanks there are scattered globose cells on the outer surface of excipulum containing yellowish pigment and reacting in the same way as marginal cells and paraphyses. Asci 6080 78.5 m in KOH (x= 66.5x7.8 m, n= 10) cylindric-clavate, eight-spored, arising from croziers, apex rounded with a MLZ+ (without KOH -treatment) pore, LUG+ (blue), pore also clearly visible in KOH. Spores 8.811.6 (13.6) 3.24.4 m, (x= 10.5 3.8 m in CR, n= 20), hyaline, asymmetrically ellipsoid, aseptate, containing 2 big lipid guttules, sometimes germinating into cylindric-ellipsoid to slightly allantoid conidia. Paraphyses cylindrical or filiform, 24 or 1.62 m wide, septate, the wide, cylindrical paraphyses filled in apical part with yellowish resinous pigment turning bright red to reddish brown in MLZ. This species was published by Karsten as Peziza trabinella in 1869. The protologue cited material as follows: Ad lignum putridum in Mustiala ineunte mense Octobri. There is only one specimen in Herb. Karsten (no.2200) in H, which belongs to original material and hence is the holotype (Art. 9.1). It was first restudied by Dennis (1956), who published a somewhat superficial diagnosis. Dennis cited the specimen as type but with an incorrect date (as 10.X.1867). The studied specimen was, however, no. 2200 with the correct date of 01.10.1867. Apparently also Nannfeldt (1932) had studied the same specimen, although this can only be concluded indirectly from the text (Durch das Studium autentischen Materials habe ich gefunden, dass folgende, von Karsten beschriebene Arten ). Hence, the illustration on page 269 quite likely depicts the type specimen. Karsten diagnosed a lignicolous, pallid, sessile, gregarious to confluent discomycete with relatively large, two-guttulate spores. Such a

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica

species was frequently observed in the present material and had also caught the eye of HansOtto Baral (pers. com.). This led Baral to restudy the type of P. trabinella. Barals informative annotations of the type and of the other material helped in naming the Norwegian specimens. The combined character set gathered from all the material collected is relatively unique. Unfortunately not all of the populations show all of the relevant characters. The generic placement of P. trabinella is not clear. From the days of the original diagnosis it has been transferred into Helotium Tode (Karsten, 1870, 1871), Calycina Nees ex Gray (Kuntze, 1898), Pachydisca Boud. (Boudier, 1907) and Cistella Qul. (Nannfeldt, 1932). The latest suggestion by Dennis (1971) is used here. The hyaline but otherwise mollisioid excipulum with isodiametric to clavate cells led Dennis (1971) to group many such species into Phaeohelotium Kanouse. The spore measurements given by Karsten (913 4 m) are accurate (8.811.6 (13.6) 3.24.4 m, (x= 10.5 3.8 m in CR, n= 20). The original diagnosis gives only one contradictory feature. The paraphyses were described as rare and filiform; only 2 m wide. Already Dennis noticed the wide paraphyses, reaching typically 3.54.0 m in width. In present material all populations show both these wide paraphyses as well as truly filiform ones. The wide ones show the characteristic, dense, basal septation seen in fig. 10c. The amount of resinous pigment inside these paraphyses varies from truly eyecatching to almost zero between populations. The abundant presence is typical; only one of the studied populations showed only small traces of it. The pigment turns bright red in MLZ, but dissolves gradually into the mountant. In CR and KOH the resin persists. Inside the narrower paraphyses the amount of resinous matter is very small and most of these paraphyses are totally empty of it. Another variable character is seen in formation of conidia on ascospores. Conidia are present in the type collection (Baral, pers. com.) and in many collections by Baral. In the present material only two populations shows conidial formation. In these specimens conidia are formed in abundance. In all other populations not a single conidium was seen. Free spores tend to be one-septate, but also this characters

in variable between populations. In some oneseptate spores are rare. P. trabinellum is very common in Norway. It has been found in 49 localities on 95 individual logs. It is a really polyphagous species found on 10 different genera of trees: Acer (1), Alnus (11), Betula (74), Fagus (4), Pinus (1), Populus (3), Quercus (1), Salix (2), Sorbus (4) and Tilia (1). The main substrate for it is, however, Betula, and Alnus, too, seems to be regular substrate. The others are more or less occasional. Surprisingly enough this species growing on hardwood has been once found also on softwood.
Specimens examined: Telemark, Tokke, G33, Alnus, 12 IX 1996, Stokland 6662. Akershus, Eidsvoll, L51, of Alnus, 17 IX 1966, Stokland 7088, 7121, 7159, 7188 & 7286. Oppland, Nordre Land, G33, Alnus, Stokland 7793; 24 IX 1996, Stokland 7823. Oppland, Nordre land, Tretjema, Betula, 10 X 1996, Stokland 11222, 11246, 11247 & 11330. Oppland, Sel Hvringen, Alnus, 25 IX 1996, Stokland 8016. Oppland, Vg Salliseten, Betula, 26 IX 1996, Stokland 8253. Oppland, Nord Fron, F43, Betula, 9 X 1996, Stokland 10882. Oppland, Steindalen, Betula, 10 X 1996, Stokland 11083, 11084, 11201 & 11203. Oppland, Sndre Land, F52, Pinus, 24 X 1996, Stokland 13378 Telemark, Skien G42, Sorbus, 1 X 1996, Stokland 8825. Telemark, Skien, L21, Betula, 1 X 1996, Stokland 8979 & 9043. Telemark, Bamble, F41, Populus, 4 X 1996, Stokland 9603. Telemark, Fyrestal, Rolleivstad, Betula, 10 X 1996, Stokland 11945, 11955, 11963, 11983, 12011, 12017, 12053 & 12073; Sorbus, 10 X 1996, Stokland 12144. Telemark, Nome, G43, Betula, 17 X 1996, Stokland 12268, 12345 & 12429. Telemark, Drangedal, F21, Quercus, 18 X 1996, Stokland 12780. Akershus, Skedsmo Holmen, Alnus, 27 X 1996, Stokland 13885. Enebakk, Skredderstad, Betula, 25 VIII 1997, Stokland 14225. Ringsaken, Evjua, Betula, 28 VIII 1997, Stokland 15130. Nore og Uvdal, Smdeldalen, Betula, 2 IX Stokland 15678 & 15733. Hol, Kjerbuhovda, Betula, 3 IX 1997, Stokland 15979. Hol, Skurdalen, Betula, 4 IX 1997, Stokland, 16087. Ringerike, Rihuesen, Betula, 22 IX 1997, Stokland 18882. Ringerike, Rdalen, Betula, 22 IX 1997, Stokland 19337, 19444 & 19458. Modum, Femtjemshgda, Betula, 23 IX 1997, Stokland 19556. Fl, Geitenatten, Betula, 24 IX 1997, Stokland 19634 & 19635. Tinn, Fjellstul, Betula, 25 IX 1997, Stokland 21164 & 21168. Porsgrunn, Hagen, Tilia, 1 X 1997, Stokland 21385. Nes, Purkebekken, Sorbus, 24 IX 1997, Stokland 20502. Nes, Darren, Betula, 25 IX 1997, Stokland 21513, 21612, 21626, 21633, 21644, 21646, 21647, 21688, 21689, 217125, 21732, 21733, 21739, 21740 & 21773. Stokke, Askedal, Fagus sylvatica, 29 IX 1997, Stokland 22049. Asker, Svensrud, Sorbus aucuparia, 07 X 1997, Stokland 23620, 23623 & 23643. Rde, Kil, Betula, 9 X 1997, Stokland 24298. Halden, Rem-

23

Fig. 10. Phaeohelotium trabinellum, specimens Stokland 21633, 23620, 24343, 26113, 27627. 10a: The broad paraphyses with typical yellow resin inside. 10b: Asci and paraphyses. 10c: Ascus and the two types of paraphyses. 10d: Ascospores. 10e: Ascospores. 10f: Ascospores, showing conidial formation. 10g: Dry apothecia. 10h: Ectal excipulum from the flanks. 10i: Marginal hyphae. Scale 20 m, for apothecia 100 m.
mendalen, Acer, 9 X 1997, Stokland 24343; Fagus, 9 X 1997, Stokland 24352, 24514 & 24530. Halden, Godabergene, Betula, 22 X 1997, Stokland 26840 & 26875. Halden, Finnsvika, Betula, 22 X 1997, Stokland 26942 & 27163. Halden, Korsetdalen, Betula, 23 IX 1997, Stokland 27180. Vler, Boslangen, Betula, 10 X 1997, Stokland 24640 & 24747. mot, Kverna, Betula, 13 X 1997, Stokland 24847, 24892 & 24893. mot, Almus, Salix, 13 X 1997, Stokland 24977 & 24979. Rendalen, Kiva, Betula,

24

Folia Cryptog. Estonica

14 X 1997, Stokland 25238. Alvdal, Urlia, Betula, 14 X 1997, Stokland 25324. Alvdal, Baugsberget, Betula, 15 X 1997, Stokland 25533, 25545 & 25581. Lten, Gitvola, Sorbus, 17 X 1997, Stokland 25858. Rmskog, Steinsvika, Populus, 20 X 1997, Stokland 26085, 26113 & 26198. Hurum, Burud, Betula, 24 X 1997, Stokland 27352. Nannestad, Gardermoen, Alnus, 25 X 1997, Stokland 27542 & 27627.

D ISCOCAINIA Funk Fig. 11

TRELEASEI

(Sacc.) J. Reid & A.

The genus Discocainia Reid & A. Funk was placed into Helotiaceae subfam. Encoelioideae by its authors and it has been followed by the Scandinavian authors (Torkelsen & Eckblad, 1977; Hansen & Knudsen, 2000). Sherwood (1980) has, however, suggested that Discocainia has strong affinities to Rhytismataceae and this placement has been supported by Livsey & Minter (1994). In our opinion, too, Discocainia belongs to the Rhytismataceae because of its hymenial characters.
Specimens examined: Oppland, Nordre Land, Tretjema, Betula, 10 X 1996, Stokland 11283. Telemark, Nome, G43, Betula, 17 X 1996, Stokland 12439. Telemark, Kviteseid, G62, Picea abies, 17 X 1996, Stokland 12613. Nes, Branden, Picea abies, 5 IX 1997, Stokland 16433. Hurdal, Fellsjkampen, Picea abies, 6 X 1997, Stokland 23407. Stor-Elvdal, Koppang, Pinus sylvestris, 16 X 1997, Stokland 25822.

Apothecia erumpent, becoming superficial in an early stage of development, scattered to gregarious, sessile on a narrow base, 14 mm in diameter, turbinate, at first closed, opening at maturity by irregular and crenate tearing of excipulum overlying the hymenium, disc light straw yellow, amber yellow to honey yellow or caramel brown when dry, receptacle blackish, externally furfuraceous, cartilaginous to leathery when fresh or soaked, ceraceous when dry. Ectal excipulum composed of globose, thickwalled, blackish cells. Medulla composed of hyaline, thin-walled, globose cells intermixed with sparse thin walled, hyaline hyphal elements. Asci 100140 912 m in CR (x= 121.4x10.6 m, n= 10) clavate, eight-spored, arising from simple septa, apex conical without differentiated pore, LUG-, MLZ-. Spores, 3055 1.52.5 m, in KOH (x= 40.5 2.1 m, n= 20), hyaline, filiform clavate, surrounded with a gelatinous sheath scarcely visible in CR, well visible in CRB, 03-septate, containing numerous lipid guttules, germinating into globose to ellipsoid conidia. Paraphyses filiform, hyaline, 1.52.5 m wide, sparsely septate, apically bent to coiled. Torkelsen & Eckblad (1977) have reported the first European locality of this American species from Rana, Norway. Now six more localities are added to show that D. treleasei is not a rarity also on this side of Atlantic. In North America D. treleasei grows on Tsuga heterophylla and Picea sitchensis and is associated with cankered swellings on branches (Reid & Funk, 1966). In the Norwegian collections, however, no signs of cancer lesions are seen and the fungus is growing as a dead wood and bark saprotrophe on Picea abies (3), Pinus sylvestris (1) and Betula sp. (2). Its occurrence on bark of Betula is surprising but these specimens are fully identical with those growing on conifers.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are thankful to Jogeir Stokland for presenting for examination his interesting rich collections. We are greatly indebted to HansOtto Baral for useful suggestions. The study was partly supported by the Estonian Science Foundation grant no. 4078 to the first author. REFERENCES
Boudier, E. 1907. Histoire et classification naturelle des Discomyctes dEurope. Paris, 221 pp. Cailleux, A. 1981. Code des couleurs des sols. Boube. Dennis, R.W.G. 1956. A revision of the British Helotiaceae in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with notes on related European species. Mycol. Pap. 62: 1216. Dennis, R.W.G. 1971. New or interesting British microfungi. Kew Bull. 25: 335374. Ellis, M.B. & Ellis, J.P. 1985. Microfungi on land plants. An identification handbook. London & Sydney, 818 pp. Fries, E.M. 1823. Systema Mycologicum 2. Lund, 621 pp. Gamundi, I.J. & Romero, A.I. 1998. Flora Criptogmica de Tierra del Fuego 10 (5): 1131. Hansen, L. & Knudsen, H. 2000. Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 1. Ascomycetes. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, 309 pp. Huhtinen, S. 1990. A monograph of Hyaloscypha and allied genera. Karstenia 29: 45252. Huhtinen, S. 1993. New or less known hyaloscyphaceous fungi from the Canadian timberline. Biblioth. Mycol. 150: 93103.

25

Fig. 11. Discocainia treleasei, specimen Stokland 25822. 11a: Asci. 11b: Ascospores. 11c: Paraphyses. 11d: Dry apothecium. 11e: Surface view of ectal excipulum. Fig. 12. Hyaloscypha aureliella, specimen Stokland 15363. 12a: Marginal hairs. 12b: Ascospores. 12c: Asci and paraphysis. Scale 20 m, for apothecium 1 mm.

26

Folia Cryptog. Estonica Rehm, H. 1896. Die Pilze Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz 3. Ascomyceten: Hysteriaceen und Discomyceten. Rabenh. Krypt.-Flora 1(3): 11275. Leipzig. Reid, J. & Funk, A. 1966. The genus Atropellis and a new genus of the Helotiales associated with branch cancers of western hemlock. Mycologia 58: 417439. Sherwood, M. A. 1980. Taxonomic studies in the Phacidiales. The genus Coccomyces (Rhytismataceae). Occas. Pap. Farlow Herb. Cryptog. Bot. 15: 1120. Stokland, J.N. 2001. The coarse woody debris profile: an archive of the recent forest history and an important biodiversity indicator. Ecol. Bull. 49: 7183. Svrcek, M. 1984. New or less known Discomycetes. Ceska Mykol. 38: 197202. Torkelsen, A.-E. & Eckblad, F.-E. 1977. Encoelioideae (Ascomycetes) of Norway. Norweg. J. Bot. 24: 133149.

Karsten, P.A. 1870. Symbolae ad Mycologiam fennicam 1. Not. Sllsk. Fauna Fl. Fenn. Frh. 11: 211268. Karsten, P.A. 1871. Mycologia Fennica. Bidrag Knnedom Finlands Natur Folk 19: 1250. Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. 1967. Methuen Handbook of Colour. Methuen, London, 243 pp. Kuntze, O. 1898. Revisio generum plantarum 3. Leipzig 576 pp. Le Gal, M. 1953. Les Discomyctes de Madagascar. Paris, 465 pp. Livsey, S. & Minter, D.W. 1994. The taxonomy and biology of Tryblidiopsis pinastri. Canad. J. Bot. 72 (5): 549557. Nannfeldt, J.A. 1932. Studien ber die Morphologie und Systematik der nicht-lichenisierten inoperculaten Discomyceten. Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 4(8): 1368. Raitviir, A. 1997. Incrupila lignicola Raitv. sp. nova, a new species of the Hyaloscyphaceae (Leotiales) from Norway. Agarica 15: 79.

Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 39: 2735 (2002)

A preliminary checklist of Lithuanian Dermateaceae (Ascomycetes)

1

Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, Riia Street 181, EE 51014 Tartu, Estonia. E-mail: ain@zbi.ee 2 Department of Botany and Genetics, Vilnius University, Ciurlionio 21/27 , LT 2009, Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail: Ernestas.Kutorga@gf.vu.lt Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, aliuju eeru 49, LT20021, Vilnius, Lithuania

Ain Raitviir1 & Ernestas Kutorga2

Abstract: Seventy species belonging to 18 genera of the Dermateaceae are listed. 17 species are reported as new for
Lithuania. Two new taxa, Mollisia minima and Pyrenopeziza euphrasiae var. brevispora are described.

Kokkuvte: A. Raitviir ja E. Kutorga. Leedu nahktiksikuliste (Dermateaceae, Ascomycetes) nimestik.

Nimestikus tuuakse ra 70 liiki 18-st perekonnast. 17 liiki on esmasleiud Leedust. Kirjeldatakse 2 uut taksonit: Mollisia minima ja Pyrenopeziza euphrasiae var. brevispora. INTRODUCTION In the summer of 2002 the authors studied jointly a set of unidentified collections of Helotiales by the second author from Lithuania. More than 10 species of the Dermateaceae not previously reported from Lithuania were discovered in this material. The results stimulated authors to compile a preliminary check-list of Lithuanian Dermateaceae. For this purpose the first author examined his Lithuanian collections from 1965 and 1966 and fresh collections made in September 2002. As the result of this study a list comprising 70 species, 17 of them new for Lithuania and 2 new taxa for science, Mollisia minima Raitv. & Kutorga and Pyrenopeziza euphrasiae (Fuckel) Kuntze var. brevispora Raitv., was compiled. The Lithuanian material of dermateaceous ascomycetes is deposited at the Institute of Botany, Vilnius (BILAS), Vilnius University (WI), and Institute of Zoology and Botany, Tartu (TAA). HISTORICAL SURVEY The data on the distribution of the Dermateaceae in Lithuania started to accumulate quite recently. Up to 1988 a total of 13 species had been registered in the country (Kutorga, 1990). Most of these species belonging to the genera Blumeriella, Dermea, Diplocarpon, Drepanopeziza, Neofabraea, Pezicula and Pseudopeziza were recorded in anamorphic state by phytopathologists. The recent studies by the second author (Kutorga, 1991, 1996, 2002 and Irenaite & Kutorga, 2001) have added more to our knowledge of saprobic Dermateaceae. The data on anamorphs of some species have been published in a monographic treatment of the order Melanconiales of Lithuania (Ignataviciute, Treigiene, 1998). Up to now 53 species of the family have been published from Lithuania. Two published species, Micropeziza aff. karstenii and Scutomollisia aff. stenospora (Kutorga, 2002) are excluded from the present list as misidentified ones. Further studies are needed to find out the identity of these collections. DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION In total, 70 species from 18 genera of the family Dermateaceae have been recorded in Lithuania. 17 species marked with asterisk (*) are reported for the first time from Lithuania. Nearly half of the recorded species (28) belong to the genus Mollisia. Mollisia cinerea, M. melaleuca, Tapesia fusca and Calloria neglecta are the most common saptrotrophic species. Widespread in suitable habitats and substrates are several parasitic species, e.g. Blumeriella jaapi, Neofabraea malicorticis, Pezicula corticola and Pseudopeziza trifolii. 27 species are known in Lithuania from a single collection. 15 species are at least in some stages of their life cycle plant parasites. All other spe-

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica

cies are saprotrophs, mainly herbosaprotrophs (on stems and leaves of herbs, grasses, rushes, reeds, sedges, ferns, totally 28 species) and xylosaprotrophs (15 species). 8 species were recorded on canes and leaves of Rubus, 3 on leaves of trees, 3 on cones, 1 on forest litter. LIST OF SPECIES BELONOPSIS (Sacc.) Rehm BELONOPSIS EXCELSIOR (P. Karst.) Rehm Syn.: Belonium excelsius (P. Karst.) Boud., Niptera excelsior (P. Karst.) Dennis Rare, found from two localities. On dead stems of Phragmites australis: Plunge district, Plateliai lake, 26 IX 1988; Taurage district, Vievile Strict Nature Reserve, 27 IX 2000 (Kutorga, 1991, 2002). B. HYDROPHILA (P. Karst.) Nannf. Syn.: Tapesia hydrophila (P. Karst.) Rehm Common and widespread on dead stems of Phragmites australis, Scirpus sylvaticus, Juncus spp. and Carex spp. in wet habitats from early spring to late autumn (IVIX). Known from 13 localities in Jurbarkas, Plunge, Prienai, ilute and Zarasai districts and in Neringa (Kutorga, 1991, 2002). Notes: This small-spored species of Belonopsis is characterized by turning bright lemon-yellow in KOH but this character is not observed in all specimens. Also the calcium oxalate crystals in medulla, the key character to the genus Belonopsis, are not always present. A very rich material of B. hydrophila collected in September 2002 in Prienai district on Scirpus sylvaticus was totally without crystals. B. RETINCOLA (Rabenh.) Le Gal & F. Mangenot Syn.: Tapesia retincola (Rabenh.) P. Karst. Fairly common on dead stems of Phragmites australis and Scirpus sp. from spring to early summer (IVVI). Known from 5 localities in Plunge and Taurage districts, and in Neringa (Kutorga, 1991, 2002). BLUMERIELLA Arx BLUMERIELLA JAAPII (Rehm) Arx Syn.: Coccomyces hiemalis B.B. Higgins, C. padi (Lib.) P. Karst.

Anamorph: Cylindrosporium hiemale B. Higgins Common and widespread in all Lithuania on leaves and fruits of Cerasus vulgaris, Cerasus sp. cult. and Padus avium. It is usually found as an anamorph, but there is also 1 teleomorph record from Vilnius (Kutorga, 1990, 1991; Ignataviciute, Treigiene, 1998). CALLORIA Fr. CALLORIA NEGLECTA (Lib.) B. Hein Syn.: Callorina fusarioides (Berk.) Korf Common on dead stems of Urtica dioica in spring and summer (VVII). Known from 22 localities in Jurbarkas, Kedainiai, ilute, irvintos, Taurage and Vilnius districts (Kutorga, 1991). DERMEA Fr. DERMEA
ROSAE

(Sacc.) Rehm

This species has been recorded only once on Rosa sp. cult. by uklys in1960 (Ignataviciute, Treigiene, 1998). DIPLOCARPON F.A. Wolf DIPLOCARPON
EARLIANUM

(Ellis & Everh.) F.A. Wolf

Anamorph: Marssonina potentillae (Desm.) Magnus Common and widespread on leaves of Fragaria sp. cult., F. elatior, F. ananassa, Malus domestica, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius and R. saxatilis (Kutorga, 1990, 1991; Ignataviciute & Treigiene, 1998). Found only as anamorph. D. MESPILI (Sorauer) B. Sutton Syn.: D. soraueri (Kleb.) Nannf. Anamorph: Entomosporium mespili (DC.) Sacc. Syn.: E. maculatum Lv. Common and widespread on leaves of Pyrus communis and Pyrus sp. cult. (Kutorga, 1990, 1991; Ignataviciute, Treigiene, 1998). Found only as anamorph. D.
ROSAE

F.A. Wolf

Anamorph: Marssonina rosae (Lib.) Died. Common on leaves of Rosa sp. cult. and R. canina in Kaunas, Maeikiai and Vilnius districts, and in Neringa (Kutorga, 1990, 1991; Ignataviciute & Treigiene, 1998). Found mainly as anamorph, 1 record of teleomorph known from Kaunas.

29

DREPANOPEZIZA (Kleb.) Hhn. DREPANOPEZIZA RIBIS (Kleb.) Hhn. Syn.: Pseudopeziza ribis Rehm ex Kleb. Anamorph: Gloeosporium ribis (Lib.) Mont. & Desm. Syn.: Gloeosporidiella ribis (Lib.) Petr. Common and widespread on leaves of Ribes spp. and Grossularia reclinata (Kutorga, 1990, 1991; Ignataviciute & Treigiene, 1998). Found mainly as anamorph, 1 record of teleomorph from Kaunas. HAGLUNDIA Nannf. HAGLUNDIA ELEGANTIOR Graddon Found only once on dead twig of Quercus robur: Kaunas district, Kacergine, 20 III 1990 (Kutorga, 1991). H. PERELEGANS Nannf. Found only once on stump wood of Fagus sylvatica: ilute district, Norkaiciai botanical reserve, 22 VIII 1990 (Kutorga, 1991). LEPTOTROCHILA P. Karst. *LEPTOTROCHILA RANUNCULI (Fr.) Schepp Found only once on leaves of Ranunculus cassubicus: alcininkai district, 20 VIII 1999, S. Staneviciene. MOLLISIA (Fr.) P. Karst. MOLLISIA AMENTICOLA (Sacc.) Rehm Fairly common on fallen female cones of Alnus incana and A. glutinosa from spring to autumn (IVIX). Known from 8 localities in Pakruojis, Plunge, Taurage and Vilnius districts and in Neringa (Kutorga, 1991, 2002). *M. ARUNDINACEAE (DC.) W. Phillips Known from 2 localities: on dead stems of Poaceae, Plunge district, Skirpsciai forest, 8 VI 1989, E. Kutorga; on a dead culm of Deschampsia caespitosa, akiai district, Panklike forest, 15 VIII 1989, E. Kutorga. M. ATRATA (Pers.) P. Karst. Fairly common on dead stems of Arctium sp., Urtica dioica, Vincetoxicum officinale and unidentified ?Apiaceae in spring and summer (VVII). Known from 6 localities in Anykciai, Kedainiai, ilute, Ukmerge and Varena districts (Kutorga, 1991).

M. BENESUADA (Tul.) W. Phillips Known from two localities on bark of dead twigs of Alnus glutinosa: Taurage district, Taurage forest, 19. V 1988; Neringa, vicinities of Juodkrante, 26 VIII 1988 (Kutorga, 1991). M. CARICINA Fautrey Known from two localities: on dead stems of Scirpus sp. Klaipeda district, vicinity of Nemirseta, 14.IX 1994; on dead stems of Typha sp., Taurage district, at the bank of Glitis lake, 27 IX 2000 (Kutorga, 1996, 2002). M. CINEREA (Batsch) P. Karst. Very common on dead wood and bark of various trees, on fallen cones of Picea abies, on dead canes of Rubus sp. and on fallen fruits of Fagus sylvatica from spring to late autumn (IVX). Found from 51 localities in Jurbarkas, Kedainiai, Marijampole, Maeikiai, Plunge, alcininkai, ilute, irvintos, vencionys, Taurage, Vilkavikis, Vilnius and Zarasai districts, and in Neringa and Palanga (Kutorga, 1991, 1996, 2002). M. CLAVATA Gremmen Common on dead stems of Filipendula ulmaria and on dead canes of Rubus sp. from spring to autumn (VIX). Found from 10 localities in Gargdai, Ignalina, Kedainiai, Plunge, akiai, irvintos, Taurage, Teliai and Varena districts, and in Neringa (Kutorga, 1991, 2002). M. COERULANS Qul. Known from 2 localities: on dead stems of Cirsium sp., Jurbarkas district, vincinities of Seredius, 11 VI 1987; on dead stems of Eupatorium cannabinum, Taurage district, Vievile Strict Nature Reserve, 1 IX 2000 (Kutorga, 1991, 2002). *M. DILUTELLA (Fr.) Gillet Syn.: Niptera dilutella (Fr.) Rehm Found only once on dead stems of Rumex sp., ilute district, Rambynas forest, 21. VII 1988 E. Kutorga. Notes: This long-spored species is a typical Mollisia in its ascus and paraphyse characters and placing it into Niptera is erroneous in the light of current generic concepts. M. DISCOLOR (Mont.) W. Phillips Common on bark and wood of dead branches

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica

and twigs of various deciduous trees and shrubs from spring to autumn (IVIX). Found from 17 localities in Jonava, Kretinga, Marijampole, Kedainiai, Plunge, akiai, ilute, Taurage and Zarasai districts, and in Neringa and Palanga (Kutorga, 1991, 1996, 2002). M. ESCHARODES (Berk. & Broome) Gremmen Syn.: Pyrenopeziza escharodes (Berk. & Broome) Rehm Not rare but seldom collected on dead canes of Rubus idaeus from spring to late autumn (VX). Found from 6 localities in Kaunas, Taurage, Trakai, Varena and Vilnius districts and in Neringa (Kutorga, 2002). M. HUMIDICOLA Graddon Known from a single locality on dead leaves of Carex disticha, ilute district, Norkaiciai botanical reserve, 11 V 1990 (Kutorga, 1991). M. JUNCINA (Pers.) Rehm Known from a single locality on dead stems of Juncus sp., akiai district, vicinities of Sudargas, 12 VIII 1989 (Kutorga, 1991). M. LIGNI (Desm.) P. Karst. Fairly common on dead wood of Alnus incana, Betula sp., Corylus avellana and Pinus sylvestris from spring to autumn (VIX). Found from 7 localities in Kedainiai, Plunge, ilute, vencionys and Trakai districts (Kutorga, 1991, 1996). M. MELALEUCA (Fr.) Sacc. Very common and widespread on dead wood and bark of various trees, shrubs and on dead canes of Rubus sp. from spring to autumn (IVIX). Found from 25 localities in Ignalina, Jurbarkas, Kedainiai, Klaipeda, Plunge, alcininkai, Taurage, Ukmerge and Vilnius districts, and in Neringa and Palanga (Kutorga, 1991, 1996, 2002). M. MILLEGRANA (Boud.) Nannf. Syn.: Pyrenopeziza millegrana Boud. Known from a single locality on dead stems of Filipendula ulmaria, Plunge district, vicinities of virblaiciai, 09 VI 1989 (Kutorga, 1991). *MOLLISIA MINIMA Raitv. & Kutorga sp. nova Fig. 1 Apothecia superficilia, late sessilia, applanatocupulata vel patellata, 0.10.4(0.6) mm in

diametro, disco obscure griseo, extus fusconigro, margine angusto albido, in solutione KOH flavescentia. Excipulum ectale ex cellulis globosis subcrassiter fuscotunicatis 58 m in diametro compositur. Asci uncinati, cylindraceoclavati, octospori, 3545 45 m, poro iodo caerulescentia praediti. Sporae irregulariter biseriatae, clavato-ellipsoideae, hyalinae, aseptatae, interdum minute biguttulatae, 6.59 1.32(2.2) m. Paraphyses filiformes, 11.5 m in diametro. In alis Tiliae e squamis conorum Laricis putridis crescit. Species apotheciis flavescentibus, ascis minoribus e sporis brevis clavato-ellpsoideis distincta. Apothecia superficial, broadly sessile, shallow cup-shaped to saucer-shaped, 0.10.4(0.6) mm in diameter with dark gray disc, externally brownish black with a narrow whitish marginal rim. Apothecia yield pale lemon yellow stain when mounted in KOH. Ectal excipulum composed of textura globulosa, only 12 celllayers thick, cells with moderately thick, dark brown walls, 58 m in diameter. Asci arising from croziers, cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, api-

Fig. 1. Mollisia minima ascus and paraphysis, ascospores and a section of apothecium margin. Bar = 10 m.

31

cal pore MLZ+, 3545 45 m. Ascospores irregularly biseriate, clavate-ellipsoid, hyaline, aseptate, sometimes containing two small polar lipid guttules, 6.59 1.32 m. Paraphyses filiform, 11.5 m wide. On Tilia fruit wings and Larix cone scales. Holotype: On fruit wings of Tilia platyphylla, ilute district, Rambyno forest, 18 VII 1988, E. Kutorga s.n. (BILAS 22.592), isotype TAA 182271). Paratype: On fallen cones of Larix sp., Neringa, Juodkrante, 12 VIII 1991, E. Kutorga s.n. (BILAS 22.593). Notes: Mollisia minima is recognizable in its minute, broadly sessile, flavescent apothecia, small asci and short, clavate-ellipsoid species. The two collections of it are growing on different hosts but are morphologically identical. It seems to be a forest debris species preferring to grow on semihard materials like Tilia fruit wings and Larix cone scales. M.
MORTHIERI

key to Belonopsis species. They have, however, made no new combination. We retain it in Mollisia because more material should be studied to fix its taxonomic position. M. PTERIDINA (Nyl.) P. Karst. Known from 3 localities on dead fronds of Pteridium aquilinum: ilute district, Bitenai forest, 19. VII 1988; Jurbarkas district, Jurbarkas forest, 26. VII 1988; Varena district, vicinities of Puvociai, 15 VII 2001 (Kutorga, 1991). M. RAMEALIS (P. Karst.) P. Karst. Probably not rare but seldom collected on fallen sticks of deciduous trees (Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp.) in summer and autumn. Found from 4 localities in Birai, Ignalina and Taurage districts (Kutorga, 2002). M. REVINCTA (P. Karst.) Rehm Fairly common on dead stems of Filipendula ulmaria and on dead canes of Rubus sp. from spring to late autumn (VX). Found from 8 localities in Jurbarkas, Kedainiai, Plunge, ilute and Ukmerge districts and in Neringa (Kutorga, 1991, 2002). M. SPECTABILIS Kirschst. Known from a single locality on a fallen leaf of Quercus robur, Taurage district, Vievile Strict Nature Reserve, 28 IX 2000 (Kutorga, 2001, 2002). M. STROMATICA Graddon Known from 2 localities on dead canes of Rubus sp.: ilute district, Rambyno forest, 21 VII 1988; Plunge district, Beroras forest, 23 IX 1988 (Kutorga, 1991). MOLLISIA
TUMIDULA

(Sacc.) Rehm

Known from a single locality on a dead leaf of Rubus sp., Plunge district, Skirpsciai forest, 08 VI 1989 (Kutorga, 1991). M.
PALUSTRIS

(Roberge ex Desm.) P. Karst.

Comparatively rare on dead leaves of Carex sp., on dead stems of a marsh plant, Molinia sp. and Phragmites australis in spring and summer (IVVIII). found from 4 localities in Jurbarkas, Kedainiai and vencionys districts, and in Neringa (Kutorga, 1991, 2002). *M. PASTINACAE Nannf. Known from a single locality on dead stems of Aegopodium podagraria, Neringa, vicinities of Juodkrante, 27 IV 1989 E. Kutorga. *M.
PHALARIDIS

(Roberge ex Desm.) Hhn.

(Lib.) Rehm

Known from a single locality on Scirpus sp. in Prienai district, Prienai forest, Dobungis botanical preserve, 29 IX 2002 A. Raitviir. Notes: This species is recognizable by its long and narrow fusiform 2-celled spores. It as been reported to grow on grasses and this record is the first one on the Cyperaceae. Nauta & Spooner (2000) state that M. phalaridis belongs to the genus Belonopsis and they have included it into

Known from two localities on fallen leaves: on decaying leaves of Tilia cordata, akiai district, Baltkojai forest, 10. VIII 1989; on a fallen leaf of Betula sp., Taurage district, Vievile Strict Nature Reserve, 11 V 1999 (Kutorga, 1991, 2002). Notes: This species with hyaline excipulum is not a true Mollisia and its taxonomic position is unclear. It may have affinities toward genus Aivenia Svrcek comprising small Mollisia-like Dermateaceae with hyaline excipulum.

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*M. UNDULATO-DEPRESSULA (Feltgen) Le Gal & F. Mangenot Known from a single locality on dead wood of Betula sp., Ukmerge district, euoliai forest, 25 IX 1997 E. Kutorga. M. VENTOSA (P. Karst.) P. Karst. Fairly common on dead wood of Alnus glutinosa and other trees in summer and autumn (VIX). Found from 8 localities in Kedainiai, Plunge, ilute and Ukmerge districts, and in Neringa (Kutorga, 1991). MOLLISIOPSIS Rehm *MOLLISIOPSIS
LOBKOVICENSIS

NIPTERA Fr. NIPTERA PILOSA (Crossl.) Boud. Known from a single locality on a dead leaf of Carex sp., Plunge district, Beroras forest, 24 IX 1988 (Kutorga, 1991). N. PULLA (W. Phillips & Keith) Boud. Known from 2 localities on dead culms of Phragmites australis: Neringa, in vicinities of Juodkrante, 15 IX 1988; Ukmerge district, euoliai forest, 10 IX 1997 (Kutorga, 1991). PEZICULA Tul. & C. Tul.

Svrcek

P EZICULA Fuckel

CARPINEA

(Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. ex

Known from a single locality on dead culms of a grass, ilute district, Usenai, 21 VI 1965 A. Raitviir. Notes: This graminicolous species which was recently described by Svrcek (1987) is probably a rare one. Our material agrees completely with the original description and illustration. Beyer (1995) reports a locality from Germany, so the Lithuanian locality is the third in the world. The authors are in opinion that Mollisiopsis Rehm is a good genus which is well distinguished from Mollisia in lanceolate paraphyses and long, hairlike marginal cells. NEOFABRAEA H.S. Jacks. NEOFABRAEA ALBA (E.J. Guthrie) Verkley Syn.: Pezicula alba E.J. Guthrie Anamorph: Phlyctema vagabunda Desm. Common and widespread on fruits and dead bark of Malus sp. cult., M. domestica, Rubus caesius (Kutorga, 1990; Ignataviciute, Treigiene, 1998). Found only as anamorph. N. MALICORTICIS H.S. Jacks. Syn.: Pezicula malicorticis (H.S. Jacks.) Nannf. Anamorph: Cryptosporiopsis curvispora (Peck) Gremmen Syn.: Cryptosporiopsis malicorticis (Cordley) Nannf. Common and widespread on bark and fruits of Malus domestica (Kutorga, 1990, 1991; Ignataviciute, Treigiene, 1998). Found mainly as anamorph, 1 teleomorph record from Kaunas.

Known from a single locality on twigs of Carpinus betulus, ilute district, Rambynas forest 20 VII 1988 (Kutorga, 1991). P. CINNAMOMEA (DC.) Sacc. Syn.: P. coryli (Tul.) Tul. & C. Tul., P. livida (Berk. & Broome) Rehm Anamorph:. Cryptosporiopsis grisea (Pers. ex Corda) Petr. Fairly common on bark and wood of Quercus rubra, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in summer and autumn (VIIIX). Found from 6 localities in Kaunas, Kretinga, ilute and Jonava districts, and in Neringa (Kutorga, 1991, 2001; Ignataviciute & Treigiene, 1998). Known mainly as teleomorph, one record of anamorph from Neringa. P.
CORTICOLA

(C.A. Jrg.) Nannf.

Anamorph: Cryptosporiopsis corticola (Edgerton) Nannf.) Common and widespread on bark of Malus sp. cult., Pyrus sp. cult. (Kutorga, 1990, 1991; Ignataviciute, Treigiene, 1998). Known mainly as anamorph, one record of teleomorph from Kaunas. P.
CORYLINA

J.W. Groves

Anamorph: Cryptosporiopsis coryli (Peck) B. Sutton) This species has been reported growing as anamorph on bark of Corylus avellana in Ignalina and Varena districts (Ignataviciute, Treigiene, 1998).

33

P. OCELLATA (Pers.: Fr.) Seaver Syn.: Ocellaria ocellata (Pers.: Fr.) J. Schrt. Anamorph: Cryptosporiopsis scutellata (Otth) Petr. Known from 3 localities: on dead twigs of Salix sp., Jurbarkas district, Ervilkas, 07. VI 1987; on dead branch of Alnus incana, Jurbarkas district, vicinities of Seredius, 11. VI 1987; on dead twigs of Alnus glutinosa, Zarasai district, bank of Drukiai lake, 15 V 1991 (Kutorga, 1991). P.
SPORULOSA

PSEUDOPEZIZA Fuckel PSEUDOPEZIZA JONESII Nannf. Anamorph: Sporonema phacidioides Desm. Reported growing as anamorph on leaves and stems of Medicago lupulina in Kedainiai district (Kutorga, 1990). An insufficiently known species. P. MEDICAGINIS (Lib.) Sacc. Common and widespread on various parts of Medicago lupulina, M. falcata and M. sativa (Kutorga, 1990, 1991). Known from leaf spot symptoms and as teleomorph (one collection from Kaunas in WI seen). P. MELILOTI Syd. On leaves of Melilotus albus and Melilotus spp., probably widespread but insufficiently known (Kutorga, 1990, 1991). A teleomorph collection from ilute district seen in BILAS. P. TRIFOLII (Biv.) Fuckel Common and widespread on leaves and other parts of Trifolium spp. and T. pratense (Kutorga, 1990, 1991). Known from leaf spot symptoms and as a teleomorph collection from akiai district. PYRENOPEZIZA Fuckel *PYRENOPEZIZA ARENIVAGA (Desm.) Boud. Known from a single locality on dead stems and leaves of Ammophila arenaria, Neringa, vicinities of Pervalka, 5 X 1988 E. Kutorga. *PYRENOPEZIZA
BETULICOLA

Verkley

Anamorph: Cryptosporiopsis quercina Petr. A single record of anamorph is reported from Neringa by Ignataviciute & Treigiene (1998). According to Verkley (1999) its teleomorph is P. sporulosa Verkley. PIROTTAEA Sacc. *PIROTTAEA
GALLICA

Sacc.

Known from a single locality on dead stems of Urtica dioica, Neringa, in vicinities of Juodkrante, 28 IV 1989 E. Kutorga. Notes: This small-spored (79 1.5 m) species differs from P. astragali Nannf. with the spores of the same size in the characters of lateral setae. P. astragali has abundant dark-coloured lateral seta but P. gallica only sparse tufts of hyaline hairs on the flanks of apothecium. *P.
IMBRICATA

Nannf.

Known from a single locality on dead stems of Cirsium sp., Neringa, in vicinities of Juodkrante, 23 VIII 1988 E. Kutorga. Notes: Another small-spored (68 11.5 m) species which differs from P. gallica in short, aseptate, nontapering marginal setae. The setae of P. gallica are 3045 45 m *P. SENECIONIS Nannf. Known from a single locality on a dead stem of Lycopus europaeus, ilute district, Kulynai forest, 29 VI 1988 E. Kutorga. PODOPHACIDIUM Niessl *PODOPHACIDIUM XANTHOMELUM (Pers.) Kavina Known from a single locality on litter, Jurbarkas district, Vievile Strict Nature Reserve, 10 IX 1998 E. Kutorga.

Fuckel

Known from a single locality on fallen leaves of Betula pendula, Plunge district, Skirpsciai forest, 8 VI 1989 E. Kutorga. Notes: This is a species of unclear taxonomic position. Hein (1976) has described it in detail but found for it no genus in the subfamily Naevioideae. The structure of ectal excipulum strongly suggests its placing into Naevioideae but there seems to be no appropriate genus at the moment. *PYRENOPEZIZA EUPHRASIAE (Fuckel) Kuntze var. BREVISPORA Raitv. var. nov. Fig. 2. Pyrenopezizae euphrasiae similis, sporis brevibus 1217 2.53.5 m aseptatibus differt. In caulibus siccis Angelicarum crescit.

34

Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Apothecia erumpent, becoming superficial, broadly sessile, shallow cup-shaped, 0.51 mm in diameter, with curved in margins when dry, externally velvety brownish-black, with dark yellowish-gray hymenium. Ectal excipulum composed of textura globulosa, cells moderately thick-walled, dark brown, 510 m in diameter. Asci arising from croziers, cylindric-clavate, 8spored, apical pore blue in MLZ, 5570 68 m. Ascospores clavate, hyaline, aseptate, containing two big or several small lipid globules, 1217 2.53.5 m. Paraphyses filiform, 1.5 m wide. On dead stems of Angelica sp.

Euphrasia spp, Odontites spp and Rhinanthus spp. The Lithuanian collection is growing on different host family and has shorter aseptate spores. It should be distinguished from typical P. euphrasiae giving it varietal rank. *P. MOUTONII Rehm Known from a single locality on dead stems of Apiaceae, ilute district, vicinities of ilute, 21 VI 1965 A. Raitviir. P. PLICATA Rehm Known from a single locality on a dead stem of Angelica sylvestris, Rudninkai forest, alcininkai district, 8 IX 1994 (Kutorga, 2001). P. RUBI (Fr.) Rehm Not rare on dead canes of Rubus idaeus from spring to autumn (VIX). Known from 5 localities in Jurbarkas, Plunge, Taurage and Klaipeda districts, and in Neringa (Kutorga, 1991). TAPESIA Fuckel TAPESIA
FUSCA

(Pers.: Fr.) Fuckel

Common and widespread on dead bark and wood of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Corylus avellana, Frangula alnus, Quercus robur, Salix sp. and Tilia cordata from spring to autumn (IVX). Found from 27 localities in Alytus, Anyksciai, Kedainiai, Klaipeda, Maeikiai, Plunge, Prienai, akiai, ilute, irvintos, Varena, Vilnius and Zarasai districts and in Neringa and Palanga (Kutorga, 1991, 2001). *T. LIVIDO-FUSCA (Fr.) Rehm Known from a single locality on dead wood of Pinus sylvestris, Moletai district, at Aietas lake, 8 VII 1966 A. Raitviir. T. STROBILICOLA (Rehm) Sacc. Known from a single locality on a fallen cone of Pinus sylvestris, Neringa, vicinities of Juodkrante, 29 IV 1989 (Kutorga, 1991) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was partly supported by Estonian Science Foundation Grant 4078 to the first author, and by Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation Grant T-550 to the second author.

Fig. 2. Pyrenopeziza euphrasiae var. brevispora ascus, paraphysis and ascospores. Bar = 10 m.
Specimen examined: Lithuania, Prienai district, Gojaus forest; Staklikes forestry lot, forest area 23, 5434' N, 2416' E, on a dead stem of Angelica sp., 27 IX 2002 A. Raitviir (Holotype in TAA 182264).

Notes: Pyrenopeziza euphrasiae is the only species of Pyrenopeziza characterized by clavate to clavate-fusoid spores. Its spore size is variable, Rehm (1896) describes them as 1521 2.53 m, becoming 1-septate, and Htter (1958) as 2030 34 m, becoming 4-septate. It has been reported growing only on Scrophulariaceae:

35

REFERENCES
Beyer, W. 1995. ber einige bemerkenswerten Discomyceten aus Oberfranken (Nordbayern). Z. Mykol. 61: 39. Hein, B. 1976. Revision der gattung Laetinaevia Nannf. (Ascomycetes) und Neuordnung der Naevioideae. Willdenowia, Beih. 9: 1135. Htter, R. 1958. Untersuchungen ber die Gattung Pyrenopeziza Fuck. Phytopathol. Z. 33: 152. Ignataviciute M. & Treigiene A. 1998. Acervulieciai (Melanconiales). Lietuvos grybai [Mycota Lithuaniae] Vol. 9. Vilnius. 246 pp. Irenaite R. & Kutorga E. 2001. Discomycetes inhabiting oak (Quercus) leaves and fruits in Lithuania. Biologija 3: 1820. Kutorga E. 1990. Istoricheskii obzor izucheniya diskomicetov Litvi i napravleniya dalneishikh ikh isledovanii. Ekologija 2: 4052. Kutorga E. 1991. Vakaru ir Pietvakariu Lietuvos diskomicetai (ruine sudetis, paplitimas ir struktura) [Discomycetes of western and south-western

parts of Lithuania (species composition, distribution and structure); doctoral thesis]. Vilnius. Kutorga E. 1996. Mycological and lichenological investigations in the former soviet military forestries in Lithuania. Discomycetes. Botanica Lithuanica 2: 221232. Kutorga E. 2002. Discomycetes of Vievile Strict Nature Reserve. 1. Diversity and distribution. Botanica Lithuanica 8: 7790. Nauta, M. M. & Spooner, B. 2000. British Dermateaceae: 4B. Dermateoideae Genera B-E. Mycologist 14: 2128. Rehm, H. 1896. Die Pilze Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz 3. Ascomyceten: Hysteriaceen und Discomyceten. Rabenh. Krypt.-Flora 1 (3): 11275. Leipzig. Svrcek, M. 1987. New or less known discomycetes. XVI. Ceska Mykol. 41: 8896. Verkley, G.J.M. 1999. A monograph of Pezicula and its anamorphs. Stud. Mycol. 44: 1176.

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 39: 3750 (2003)

Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve (Estonia)
Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, 38 Lai St., 51005 Tartu, Estonia E-mail: avesuija@ut.ee

Ave Suija and Inga Jriado

Abstract: The study deals with lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve comprising

25 islets and the saltmarsh of Salinmme in Hiiumaa Island. The list includes 299 species, of which 13 are reported as new for Estonia (Bispora lichenum, Caloplaca crenularia, Endococcus perpusillus, E. propinquus, E. rugulosus, Gyalecta subclausa, Hypocenomyce praestabilis, Laeviomyces pertusariicola, Lecanora andrewii, Licheniconium pyxidatae, Muellerella lichenicola, M. pygmaea; Taeniolella delicata). Changes in distribution and frequency data are suggested for 42 taxa. The islets of the landscape reserve could be divided into four groups according to composition and abundance of lichen species.

Kokkuvte: Hiiumaa Laidude Maastikukaitseala samblikud ja lihhenikoolsed seened.

Artikkel ksitleb Hiiumaa Laidude Maastikukaitseala 25 laiu ja Salinmme soolaku samblikke, lihhenikoolseid ja neile lhedasi seeni. Nimekiri sisaldab 299 liiki, millest 13 (Bispora lichenum, Caloplaca crenularia, Endococcus perpusillus, E. propinquus, E. rugulosus, Gyalecta subclausa, Hypocenomyce praestabilis, Laeviomyces pertusariicola, Lecanora andrewii, Licheniconium pyxidatae, Muellerella lichenicola, M. pygmaea, Taeniolella delicata) on leitud esmakordselt Eestist. Esitatakse tiendavaid andmeid 42 taksoni leviku ja sageduse kohta Eestis. Samblike liigilise koosseisu ja ohtruse alusel saab maastikukaitseala laiud jaotada neljaks grupiks.

INTRODUCTION Estonia is a country rich in islands, 1520 islands and islets lie on its western and northern coasts (Kildema & Annuka, 1976). The lichen flora of West-Estonian Archipelago has been investigated occasionally since 19th century (Luce, 1823, Bruttan, 1870 etc.). Significant floristic analysis about lichens in western islands was compiled in 1986 (Randlane, 1986). Besides this, species inventories were carried out in numerous islands and islets (e.g. Randlane, 1981, 1984, 1993, Martin et al., 2000). Several aspects of biodiversity on the islets in southwestern waters of Hiiumaa Island have been investigated already for years (Rebassoo, 1960, Leito & Leito, 1991, Mgi, 1995, 1997). Still, the data about lichens of this area are insufficient. This floristic study deals with the lichen flora of Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve. The following aims are posed: 1) to present species list for the landscape reserve; 2) to supplement frequency and distribution data about Estonian lichens and lichenicolous fungi; and 3) to compare the similarity of lichen species compositions on islets. The Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve is located in Hiiu County, in western Estonia (Fig. 1). The landscape reserve embrace islets in southwestern waters of Hiiumaa Island, the sea tract and the saltmarsh of Salinmme in Hiiumaa. Total area is 2.663 ha. The administrative centre of the reserve is located in Salinmme village. The distance from Salinmme port to the farthermost islet is about 18 km. The landscape reserve was founded in 1971 to protect unique nature of islets. The saltmarsh of Salinmme and sea tract were merged to the reserve later, in 1998. The Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve belongs to the directory of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar site) since 1997 (http:// www.hiiulaiud.ee). The islets are higher parts of earlier sea ground raised above sea level as a result of the uplift of the earths crust (Sepp, 1970). The islets around Hiiumaa are relatively young, the formation started in stage of Limnea Sea, about 2000 years ago (Kessel, 1961). The formation and disappearance of islets, their joining together or to the mainland continues today as well, due to constant and relatively rapid neotectonic uplift. It is calculated that the land in northwestern Estonia rises about 3.5 mm a year (Zhelnin, 1958). The islets of the Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve vary by age, size, and vegetation. Most

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Fig. 1. The location of Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve. Small islets and the saltmarsh are numbered as follows: 1 Hoburahu, Kivirahu, Sitakare; 2 Auklaid; 3 akse; 4 Valgekare; 5 Vike-Pihlakare; 6 Suur-Pihlakare; 7 Kajakarahu, Palgirahu, Phkrahu, Sinarahu; 8 Oorahu; 9 Hanerahu, 10 Ankrurahu; 11 Aherahu; 12 Hlgerahu; 13 Langekare; 14 the saltmarsh of Salinmme. of the islets of the landscape reserve consist of moraine, which was formed as a result of the action of sheet glacier. Only Langekare is based on the limestone base bottom. The shores are mostly covered with shingle, less with sand. Abundance of erratic blocks and beach barriers are characteristic to this region (Leito & Leito, 1991). The size of the islets varies from 0.1 ha (e.g. Phkrahu, Sinarahu, Kivirahu) to 140 ha (Saarnaki) (Table 1). The smallest islets are periodically inundated by sea-water and only a few typical coastal plants (e.g. Honkenya peploides, Aster tripolium, Atriplex litoralis) grow there. The vegetation of the biggest islets (Ahelaid, Kverlaid, Krgelaid, Vareslaid, Hanikatsi, Saarnaki) is complex and composed of different biotopes: decideous forests (with Betula spp., Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula, Tilia cordata etc.), pine forest (Pinus sylvestris), shrublands (with Juniperus communis, Rhamnus cathartica, Ribes alpinum etc.), wooded meadows, grasslands, coastal meadows, reed-beds (Leito & Leito, 1991, Mgi, 1995, 1997). Human activities (farming, sheep pasture etc.) affected the nature and especially the vegetation in some islets for centuries: people lived in Hanikatsi till 1964 and Saarnaki till 1973. Sheep were pastured also in Ahelaid, Krgelaid, Kverlaid and Vareslaid until the 1970-ies (Leito & Leito, 1991). At the present time the administration of the landscape reserve organises brushwood cutting, hay mowing and sheep pasture on Hanikatsi, Saarnaki and Krgelaid to maintain the landscape appearance. Saltmarshes are coastal meadows which are flooded by marine waters at different times of the year. The soil is salty, due to concentration of salts through evaporation of the sea-water. The

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Table 1. The area (ha) and species number of lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi on studied islets and the saltmarsh of Salinmme

Abbreviations Ahelaid Aherahu Ankrurahu Auklaid Hanerahu Hanikatsi Hoburahu Hlgerahu Kajakarahu Kivirahu Krgelaid Kverlaid Langekare Luigerahu Oorahu akse Palgirahu Phkrahu Saarnaki Sinarahu Sitakare Suur-Pihlakare Valgekare Vareslaid Vike-Pihlakare saltmarsh of Salinmme Ah An Au Har Han Ho Ka Ki Kr Kv La Lu Oo a Pa P Saa S Si Sp Val Var Vp Sal

Area (ha) 17.0 0.1 0.3 1.2 1.2 82.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 16.0 20.0 1.2 0.1 0.1 7.6 0.1 0.1 140.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 31.0 0.2 231.0

Species number 93 0 14 77 28 197 10 0 18 2 101 85 25 4 6 101 27 2 164 2 14 25 7 101 26 84

investigated by both authors during the summer period in 2001. Earlier records used were based on samples collected from Saarnaki and Hanikatsi by Enel Sander (unpublished data, 1974), from Saarnaki, Hanikatsi, Krgelaid and Hanerahu by Tiina Randlane (Randlane, 1986) and from Saarnaki by Juhani Pttsepp (unpublished data, 1986). All biotopes with different kind of substrate types, suitable for growth of lichens, were studied thoroughly. Species lists were compiled for every islet and for the saltmarsh of Salinmme. The specimens that were not identified in the field were collected for further investigation (560 samples). The specimens were determined with routine techniques (incl. hand-made cross-sections of fruitbodies, light microscopy, spot colour tests etc.). Standardised methods of thin layer chromatography (TLC) (Culberson & Kristinsson, 1970) were used for identification of lichen substances. All collections are deposited in the lichenological herbarium of University of Tartu (TU). Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was performed with PC-ORD 4.14 (McCune & Mefford, 1999) to estimate similarity of lichen species composition on islets. Relative Srensen distance measure and farthest neighbour linkage method were employed in cluster analysis. The relative abundance of every lichen species on every islet was evaluated on a four-point scale (1 one specimen per islet, 2 up to 10 specimens, 3 sporadically, found only in some places or on particular substrates, 4 numerous). The species appearing only once or twice in the data set were removed from the analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION General data about lichen flora The lichen flora in the Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve is rich in species and unique, the total number of species registered in the landscape reserve is 299 (Appendix). This number of species is approximately 30% of 930 taxa currently reported from Estonia (Randlane, unpublished data) and almost half (48%) of the 624 taxa known from western islands of Estonia (Randlane et al., 2002). 271 lichens, 24 lichenicolous fungi and two non-lichenized fungi allied to

annual, halophilic plants dominate in vegetation of this habitat. The saltmarsh of Salinmme (231 ha) is situated in southeastern part of Hiiumaa Island. MATERIAL AND METHODS 25 islets (Ahelaid, Aherahu, Ankrurahu, Auklaid, Hanerahu, Hanikatsi, Hoburahu, Hlgerahu, Kajakarahu, Kivirahu, Krglaid, Kverlaid, Langekare, Luigerahu, Oorahu, akse, Palgirahu, Phkrahu, Saarnaki, Sinarahu, Sitakare, Suur-Pihlakare, Valgekare, Vareslaid and VikePihlakare) and the saltmarsh of Salinmme were

40

Folia Cryptog. Estonica

lichens are found from 23 islets. There were no lichens at all on two small islets, Aherahu and Hlgerahu. 83 lichens, four lichenicolous fungi and one non-lichenized fungus were found from the saltmarsh of Salinmme. 15 species are found for the first time from the region of western islands, and eleven taxa registered in the landscape reserve are new for Estonia (Appendix). According to the distribution data of lichenized and lichenicolous species in the landscape reserve, we suggest that the frequency classes (Randlane & Saag, 1999) be changed for 42 Estonian taxa. Most of the changes embrace species rare in Estonia e.g. from very rare (12 localities in Estonia) to rare (35 localities) 12 cases and from rare to rather rare (610 localities) 12 cases. Taking into account the changes of frequency classes, most species of the landscape reserve (225 species, 75%) are rather frequent (1120 localities), frequent (2150 localities) or very frequent (more than 50 localities) in Estonia. 77 species (25%) are very rare, rare or rather rare in our country. Majority of the rare species belong to the following groups: lichenicolous fungi or lichens (22), saxicolous on granite (17 species) and saxicolous on limestone (10). Among these species, many changes of frequency class are proposed here (26 cases in saxicolous species, 9 cases in lichenicolous fungi). The larger proportion of rare species among those species groups compared to species on other substrates is also pointed out by Randlane et al. (2002). The reason might be insufficient knowledge about saxicolous lichen communities and lichenicolous fungi in Estonia (Randlane et al., 2002). New and noteworthy species for Estonia Bispora lichenum Diederich is a lichenicolous fungus which grows inside apothecia of various epiphytic crustous lichens. It was first described from Luxemburg (Diederich, 1990) but by now has also been found in a few other European countries (Alstrup 1993, Brightman, 1991) and North America (Cole & Hawksworth, 2001). The species was found once, from Lecania cyrtella in pine-forest of the salt marsh of Salinmme. Caloplaca crenularia (With.) J. R. Laundon is a saxicolous species and belongs to Caloplaca

ferruginea complex. It has dark grey thallus and rust-red to reddish-brown, slightly flexuose apothecia. The species is widespread, in Europe its distribution area extends from Scandinavia to Mediterranean region (Nimis, 1993). C. crenularia was collected twice, from granite shingle in southern coast of Auklaid and akse. Endococcus perpusillus Nyl. is a lichenicolous fungus which grows on thallus of different saxicolous crustose lichens, especially on Rhizocarpon. It is widely distributed in Europe, North America and New Zealand (Triebel, 1989). The species was determined from different Rhizocarpon species on Hanikatsi, Kverlaid, Auklaid and akse. Endococcus propinquus (Krb.) D. Hawksw. is another lichenicolous fungus which grows on thallus of various saxicolous lichens (Porpidia, Verrucaria etc.). The species is extensively distributed all over the world (Triebel, 1989). E. propinquus was determined on thallus of Verrucaria nigrescens collected from Saarnaki. Endococcus rugulosus Nyl. is a lichenicolous fungus which is restricted to saxicolous nonlecideoid lichens (Aspicilia, Ionaspis etc.). The species is found all over the world (Triebel, 1989). It was determined from Aspicilia cinerea on Hanikatsi. Gyalecta subclausa Anzi is a lichen which grows on limestone. The species is similar to Gyalecta jenensis but differs from it by smaller apothecia and shape and size of ascospores (Vzda, 1969). It prefers shaded and damp habitats and its distribution area extends from northern to central Europe (Frberg, 1989). G. subclausa included in the Red Data Book of Finland as a disappeared species (Kuusinen et al., 1995) and of Sweden as a vulnerable species (Thor & Arvidsson, 1999). The species was collected once, from limestone shingle in central part of Kverlaid. Hypocenomyce praestabilis (Nyl.) Timdal is a lignicolous lichen. It resembles Hypocenomyce sorophora but differs from it mainly in the absence of soralia. The species is distributed in southern and central Scandinavia, central Europe and North America. In Scandinavia it prefers to grow on old wooden fences and buildings in agricultural areas (Timdal, 1984). H. praestabilis was collected once, from an old wooden windmill on Saarnaki. Laeviomyces pertusariicola (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. is a lichenicolous fungus which is specialized to Pertusaria pertusa and allied species. It is widespread in Europe but reported also from North America (Hawksworth, 1981) and Africa (Hafellner, 1996).

41

L. pertusariicola was found once from P. pertusa on Saarnaki. Lecanora andrewii de Lesd. is a saxicolous lichen and grows usually on granite. It is close to the Lecanora dispersa group but differs from it by chemical reactions. The species is characteristic to supralittoral area of maritime rocks and is distributed in coastal region of western and northern Europe (Purvis et al., 1992). L. andrewii was collected from 10 islets (Ahelaid, Auklaid, Ankrurahu, Hanerahu, Hanikatsi, Krgelaid, Langekare, Luigerahu, akse, Suur-Pihlakare) and also from the saltmarsh of Salinmme. Lichenoconium pyxidatae (Oudem.) Petr. & Sydow is a lichenicolous fungus which grows on podetia of Cladonia spp. and Cladina spp. (Hawksworth, 1981). It is widespread in Europe but is also reported from North America (Triebel et al., 1991). The species was determined once, from podetia of Cladonia pyxidata on Saarnaki. Muellerella lichenicola (Sommerf. : Fr.) D. Hawksw. is a lichenicolous species, which grows on crustose saxicolous calcicolous lichens. It is widely distributed in Europe, North America and New Zealand (Triebel, 1989). The species was determined from Ahelaid (on Verrucaria muralis), Auklaid (on Verrucaria sp. and Caloplaca sp.) and Hanikatsi (on Lecidella stigmatea). Muellerella pygmaea (Krb.) D. Hawksw. is another lichenicolous fungus which grows on crustose saxicolous siliceous lichens. The species is extensively distributed all over the world (Triebel, 1989). It was determined on Vareslaid (on Lecidea fuscoatra) and akse (on Lecidea lapicida var. pantherina). Triebel (1989) separated three varieties by size and colour of ascospores, but also by host preferences. Both Estonian specimens belong to var. pygmaea. Taeniolella delicata M. S. Christ. & D. Hawksw. is a lichenicolous hyphomycete fungus, which usually grows in apothecia of different crustose lichens. The fungus inhibits ascus and ascospores production of host lichen and finally destroys it. The species is widely known in Europe (Hawksworth, 1979) but found only once in Estonia, from apothecia of Amandinea punctata on Sitakare. Three lichen species listed in the Red Data Book of Estonia (Randlane, 1998) were found from the islets. Leptogium subtile (Schrad.) Torss. which belongs to the category extinct or probably extinct species was collected from Hanikatsi. This terricolous calcicolous species

was recently determined from Kasekla alvar in West-Estonia (Randlane, unpublished data) and therefore the category should be altered. Hypocenomyce sorophora (Vain.) P. James & Poelt (category rare species) was already proposed for re-qualifying as frequent taxon in Estonia and should therefore be excluded from the Red Data Book (Jriado et al., in press). Care demanding species, Nephroma parile (Ach.) Ach. was identified from base of Fraxinus excelsior in Krgelaid. This old woodlands species is sensitive to air pollution and destruction of suitable habitats (Trass & Randlane, 1994). Adelolecia kolansis (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold, a crustose species that was considered to be extinct in Estonia (Suija, 1998), was re-found from Hanikatsi and Saarnaki. This circumpolar holarctic lichen is usually saxicolous but sometimes grows also on old weathered wood (Hertel & Rambold, 1995). It was found on the walls of an old windmill on Saarnaki and on wooden fence posts on Hanikatsi. Short description of lichen flora Based on the results of cluster analysis the islets could be divided into four groups (Fig. 2). The first cluster (Kivirahu, Sinarahu, Phkrahu) consists of islets where only a few typical epilithic supralittoral lichens (Caloplaca scopularis, Verrucaria maura) grow. The size of these islets is up to 0.1 ha (Table 1) and they are periodically under sea-water. The second cluster (Luigerahu, Hoburahu, Oorahu, Valgekare) comprises islets where also only saxicolous species are found, but these islets are richer in species than islets of previous cluster (Table1). Siliceous species, characteristic to nitrophilous and well-lit surroundings (e.g. Physcia tenella var. marina, Rinodina gennarii, Xanthoria parietina) grow in Hoburahu, Luigerahu and Oorahu. Valgekare is somewhat exceptional as only calcicolous species are found there. The size of these islets varies from 0.1 ha to 0.2 ha. The vegetation is poor, composed of only reed-beds and graminaceous communities. The third cluster (Langekare, Hanerahu, Ankrurahu, Suur-Pihlakare, Vike-Pihlakare, Sitakare, Kajakarahu, Palgirahu, Luigerahu) comprises islets where the lichen flora is more heterogenous than in previous groups. A few epiphytic species (e.g. Lecidella elaeochroma, Lecanora carpinea, Phys-

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Fig. 2. Similarities of lichen species composition on 23 islets according to cluster analysis. Designations I, II, III and IV indicate the clusters. The abbreviations of the islets see at Table 1. cia tenella, Physcia dubia etc.), sometimes small and hard to identify, are represented on them. The size of these islets varies from 0.1 ha to 1.2 ha. Charcteristic to these islets is shrubbery, with dominance of Rhamnus cathartica, Juniperus communis, Ribes alpinus etc. in central part of the islet. There are only a few small shrubs in Ankrurahu, Kajakarahu, Palgirahu and Sitakare. The shrubbery is more extensive on bigger islets: Langekare, Hanerahu, VikePihlakare and Suur-Pihlakare. The fourth cluster (Hanikatsi, Saarnaki, Vareslaid, Kverlaid, Krgelaid, Ahelaid, akse, Auklaid) includes islets where the diversity and number of taxa is the highest (Table 1). The size of these islets ranges from 1.2 ha (Auklaid) to 140 ha (Saarnaki). Variety of biotopes (grasslands, forests, wooded meadows etc.), as well as variety of substrates (different tree species, limestone, granite, wood etc.) characterise these islets. Saxicolous, terricolous, corticolous and lignicolous lichens are all well represented here, although the proportions of them are not equal in each islet. For example, most lignicolous species were found on Hanikatsi and Saarnaki, due to the presence of man-made wooden substrates (wooden windmills, fence posts etc.). Some of these species (Adelolecia kolansis, Cyphelium inquinans, C. tigillare) have only a few localities in Estonia. The share of terricolous species is highest in Saarnaki due to human activities (brushwood cutting, sheep pasture). Although the area of the saltmarsh of Salinmme is large (231 ha), the total number of species is not high (83). The reed-beds and the coastal meadow dominate (with Salicornia europae association) in vegetation. There are pine (Pinus sylvestris) and alder forests (Alnus glutinosa) at the edges of the saltmarsh. The coastal meadow is periodically inundated by sea-water and therefore the conditions for development of lichen flora are unsuitable. Most of species are epiphytic found in the forests. CONCLUSIONS The lichen flora of the Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve is rich in species and interesting within Estonian limits. The number of species (294) as well as the high share of rare species (25%) indicate the eminence of the area. However, the spe-

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cies are not uniformly dispersed among islets. Diversity of suitable biotopes and substrates might be the reason for concentration of species on bigger islets. Therefore the destruction of habitats is the most serious threat for lichens. The conservation strategy and land management should provide conditions for persistence of certain substrates (e.g. dead wood, different tree species) as well as variety of biotopes (wooded meadows, grasslands etc.). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to Andres Miller and Agu Treialt for arrengment of field work and sea transport to the islets. Thanks are due to Lauri Saag for the help with the TLC and determining sterile crustose specimens; Piret Lhmus for confirmation of some calicioid specimens; Vagn Alstrup for confirmation of some lichenicolous fungi; Ester Pae for assistance in field work; Orvo Vitikainen and Roland Moberg for sending reference material and Alar Suija for figure preparation. Tiina Randlane and Triin Randlane are acknowledged for revising the English. REFERENCES
Alstrup, V. 1993. News on lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Nordic countries. Graphis Scripta 5(2): 96104. Brightman, F. H. 1991. New, rare and interesting British lichen records. Br. Lich. Soc. Bull. 68: 3439. Bruttan, A. 1870. Lichenen Est-, Liv- und Kurlands. Arch. Naturk. Liv-, Ehst-, u. Kurl., Ser. 2, 7: 163326. Cole, M. & Hawksworth, D. 2001. Lichenicolous fungi, mainly from the USA, including Patriciomyces gen. nov. Mycotaxon 77: 305338. Culberson, C. F. & Kristinsson, H. 1970. A standardized method for identification of lichen products. J. Chromatogr. 46: 8593. Diederich, P. 1990. New or interesting lichenicolous fungi 1. Species from Luxembourg. Mycotaxon 37: 297330. Frberg, L. 1989. The calcicolous lichens on the Great Alvar of land, Sweden. Lund. 109 pp. Hafellner, J. 1996. Bemerkenswerte Funde von Flechten und lichenicole Pilze auf macaronesischen Inseln IV. Einige bisher bersehene lichenicole Arten der kanarischen Inseln. Cryptogamie: Bryol. Lichnol. 17(1): 114. Hawksworth, D. L. 1979. The lichenicolous Hyphomycetes. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 6(3): 183300.

Hawksworth, D. L. 1981. The lichenicolous Coelomycetes. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 9(1): 198. Hertel, H. & Rambold, G. 1995. On the genus Adelolecia (lichenized Ascomycotina, Lecanorales). Biblioth. Lichenol. 57: 211230. Jriado, I., Lhmus, P. & Saag, L. 2000. Supplement to the second checklist of lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Estonia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 37: 2126. Jriado, I., Paal, J. & Liira, J. Epiphytic and epixylic lichen species diversity in Estonian natural forests. Biodiversity Conserv. (in press). Kessel, H. 1961. ber die Entwicklung der Ostsee im Bereich des Territoriums der Estnischen SSR im Holozn (in Estonian). ENSV TA Geoloogia Instituudi Uurimused, VII: 167185. Kildema, K. & Annuka, E. 1976. How many islands are there in the sea around Estonia? (in Estonian). Eesti Loodus 7: 420430. Kuusinen, M., Kaipiainen, H., Puolasmaa, A. & Ahti, T. 1995. Threatened lichens in Finland. Crypt. Bot. 5: 247251. Leito, A. & Leito, T. 1991. Hiiumaa Islets State Landscape Reserve (in Estonian). Krdla. 23 pp. Luce, J. W. L. 1823. Prodromus Florae Osiliensis. Topographische Nachrichten von der Insel Oesel. Riga. 383 pp. McCune, B. & Mefford, M. J. 1999. PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, Version 4. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA. 237 pp. Martin, L., Randlane, T. & Martin, J. 2000. Lichens of Vormsi Island. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 36: 6581. Mgi, M. 1995. Review of flora and vegetation of Hiiumaa islets (Ahelaid, Kverlaid, Krgelaid, Vareslaid) (in Estonian). B. Sc. Thesis in Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu (manuscript). Mgi, M. 1997. The flora and vegetation of Hiiumaa islets (in Estonian). M. Sc. Thesis in Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu (manuscript). Nimis, P. L. 1993. The lichens of Italy. An annotated catalogue. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino, Monografia 12. 897 pp. Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J., Hawksworth, D. L., James, P. W. & Moore, D. M. (eds) 1992. The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Natural History Museum Publications & British Lichen Society, London. 710 pp. Randlane, T. 1981. Lichens of Vilsandi State Reserve, Estonian S. S. R. (in Russian). Folia Cryptog. Estonica 15: 25. Randlane, T. 1984. Lichens of the Island Abruka (Estonian S. S. R.) (in Russian). Acta et Comm. Univ. Tart. 662: 2842. Randlane, T. 1986. Analysis of the lichen-flora of the western islands of Estonia (in Russian). Disser-

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica Thor, G. & Arvidsson, L. (eds) 1999. Rdlistade lavar i Sverige Artfakta. ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala. 528 pp. Timdal, E. 1984. The genus Hypocenomyce (Lecanorales, Lecideaceae), with special emphasis on the Norwegian and Swedish species. Nord. J. Bot. 4: 83108. Trass, H. & Randlane, T. (eds) 1994. Macrolichens in Estonia (in Estonian). Tartu. 399 pp. Triebel, D. 1989. Lecideicole Ascomyceten. Biblioth. Lichenol. 35: 1278. Triebel, D., Rambold, G. & Nash, T. H. III. 1991. On lichenicolous fungi from continental North America. Mycotaxon 42: 263296. Vzda, A. 1969. Neue Taxa und Kombinationen in der Familie Gyalectaceae (Lichenisierte Fungi). Folia Geobot. Phytotaxon. 4: 443446. Zhelnin, G. 1958. Rise of earths crust in Estonia (in Estonian). Eesti Loodus 5: 269274. http://www.hiiulaiud.ee. 30. Nov. 2002.

tation of candidate degree in University of Tartu (manuscript). Randlane, T. 1993. Lichens of the Ruhnu island (in Estonian). Eesti Loodusuur. Seltsi Aastaraamat 73: 2939. Randlane, T. 1998. Samblikud, Lichens (Lichenized Ascomycota). In Eesti Punane Raamat (in Estonian) (ed Lilleleht, V.), pp. 2735. Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia Looduskaitse Komisjon, Tartu. Randlane, T. & Saag, A. (eds) 1999. Second checklist of lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Estonia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 35: 1132. Randlane, T., Saag, A. & Suija, A. 2002. Biodiversity of lichenized taxa in Estonia: distribution of rare species. Biblioth. Lichenol. 82: 99109. Rebassoo, H. 1960. Die Vegetation der Inselchen in der Umgebung von Hiiumaa (in Estonian). Loodusuur. Seltsi Aastaraamat 53: 111130. Sepp, U. 1970. The Vinameri Islands (in Estonian). In Lne-Eesti Rannikualade Loodus (ed Kumari, E.), pp. 2641. Valgus, Tallinn. Suija, A. 1998. Lecideoid lichens from Estonia an annotated checklist. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 32: 107112.

APPENDIX. The list of lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve. Frequency classes and symbols are given following Randlane & Saag (1999): rr very rare (12 localities in Estonia); r rare (35); st r rather rare (610); st fq rather frequent (1120); fq frequent (2150); fqq very frequent (51 or more localities); # lichenicolous fungus; + non-lichenized fungus. Changes in frequency classes of species are indicated with , new taxa, new frequency classes and new distribution region (WIs western islands of Estonia) in comparison with Randlane & Saag (1999) and Jriado et al. (2000) are typed in bold. Abbreviations of islets and the saltmarsh of Salinmme see at Table 1. The collector name is presented in brackets, if the specimen was not re-found from earlier studied islets. E. S. Enel Sander, J. P. Juhani Ptsepp, T. R. Tiina Randlane. Abbreviations of substrates: B bryophytes, G granite, L limestone, W wood, S soil, Ace Acer platanoides, Aln Alnus glutinosa, Bet Betula spp., Fra Fraxinus excelsior, Jun Juniperus communis, Lon Lonicera xylosteum, Mal Malus domestica, Pin Pinus sylvestris, Pop Populus tremula, Que Quercus robur, Rha Rhamnus cathartica, Rib Ribes alpinum, Ros Rosa spp., Swi Swida sanguinea, Til Tilia cordata, Ulm Ulmus glabra, Vib Viburnum opulus. Substrates covered with mosses are marked with asterisk (*). #ABROTHALLUS PARMELIARUM (Sommerf.) Arnold rrr; Han; on thallus of Parmelia sp. ACAROSPORA FUSCATA (Nyl.) Arnold st fq; Han; G. A. VERONENSIS A. Massal. st rst fq; Ah Au Han Kr a Saa Sal Sp; G. ACROCORDIA GEMMATA (Ach.) A. Massal. fq; Ah Han Kr Saa Var; Ace Fra Pop Sor Til Ulm. ADELOLECIA KOLANSIS (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold rrr; WIs; Han Saa; W. A MANDINEA CONIOPS (Wahlenb.) Scheid. & H. Mayrhofer st rst fq; Au Han a Si; G. A. PUNCTATA (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. fq fqq; Ah Au Han Har Ho Ka Kr La a Pa Saa Sal Si Sp Var Vp; G W Bet Fra Jun Que Rha Sor Til. ANAPTYCHIA CILIARIS (L.) Krb. var. CILIARIS fqq; Ah Han Kr Kv Saa Var; Fra Lon Pop Que Ulm.

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A. CILIARIS (L.) Krb. var. MELANOSTICTA (Ach.) Boistel st fq; Saa (leg. T. R.); G. ANISOMERIDIUM BIFORME (Borrer & Sowerb.) R. C. Harris rr; Kv; Jun. ARTHONIA BYSSACEA (Weigel) Almq. st r; Han; Que. A. RADIATA (Pers.) Ach. fq; Ah Han Saa; Fra Til. A. SPADICEA Leight. fq; WIs; Kv; Pin. ARTHOPYRENIA PUNCTIFORMIS (Pers.) A. Massal. r st r; Han; Fra Sor. ASPICILIA CALCAREA (L.) Mudd st fq; Han a Saa; L. A. CINEREA (L.) Krb. fq; Ah An Han Har Ka Kr Kv Saa Sal Sp Var; G. A. CONTORTA (Hoffm.) Kremp. ssp. HOFFMANNIANA Ekman & Frberg fq; Au Han Kr a Saa; L. A. GRISEA Arnold rr; Kr (leg. T. R.); G. A. MOENIUM (Vain.) G. Thor & Timdal st r; Kr; L. A. VERRUCIGERA Hue st r; Au Sal; G. BACIDIA ARCEUTINA (Ach.) Arnold fq; Ah Han Kr Kv a Var Vp; W Bet Jun Pop Ulm Vib. B. FRAXINEA Lnnr. fqq; Han Kv Var; Lon Pop Ulm. B. GLOBULOSA (Flrke) Hafellner & V. Wirth st fq; Han Kv Saa Sal Var; W Aln Bet Fra Til Ulm. B. RUBELLA (Hoffm.) A. Massal. fq; Ah Han Kr Kv Var; Ace Fra Pop Sor. B. SABULETORUM (Schreb.) Lettau fq; Kv; B*L. B. SUBINCOMPTA (Nyl.) Arnold st fq; Ah Kr Kv Var; Fra Jun Pop Rha Sor. BACIDINA EGENULA (Nyl.) Vzda rr; WIs; Kv; L. #BISPORA CHRISTIANSENII D. Hawksw. rrr; WIs; Kv Saa; in apothecia of Bacidia globulosa and Amandinea punctata. #B. LICHENUM Diederich rr; WIs; Sal; in apothecia of Lecania cyrtella. BRYORIA FUSCESCENS (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. fqq; Han Saa Sal; W Bet Jun. BUELLIA DISCIFORMIS (Fr.) Mudd fqq; Han Saa Sal; Aln Bet Que Sor Til. B. ERUBESCENS Arnold st fq; Au; Jun. B. GRISEOVIRENS (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb. fqq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv a Saa Sal Var; W Aln Bet Fra Jun Pin Que Sor Ulm. CALICIUM ABIETINUM Pers. fqq; Han Sal; Pin, on thatch. C. GLAUCELLUM Ach. fqq; Han; W. C. SALICINUM Pers. fq; Han Kv; Que Sor. C. VIRIDE Pers. fqq; Han; Que.

CALOPLACA CERINA (Ehrh. & Hedw.) Th. Fr. fqq; Ah Sal; Pin Vib. C. CHLORINA (Flot.) Sandst. st r; Au Har Kr; G W. C. CITRINA (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. fq; Ah An Au Han Har Kr La a Pa Saa Sal Val; W G L. C. CRENULARIA (With.) J. R. Laundon rr; WIs; Au a; G. C. FLAVORUBESCENS (Huds.) J. R. Laundon fqq; Ah Han Kr Kv a Sal Var; Fra Lon Pin Pop Rha. C. HOLOCARPA (Hoffm. ex Ach.) A. E. Wade fq; Ah Au Har Kr La a Pa Saa; G L. C. LACTEA (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. fq; Han Saa; L. C. SAXICOLA (Hoffm.) Nordin fq; Han Saa; L. C. SCOPULARIS (Nyl.) H. Magn. st fqfq; Ah An Au Han Ho Ka Ki Kr La Oo P S Sp Vp; G. C. SINAPISPERMA (Lam. & DC.) Maheu & Gillet st fq; Saa; B*S. C. VITTELINULA auct. st fq; Saa; L. CANDELARIELLA AURELLA (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. fq; Han Har Saa Var; L. C. CORALLIZA (Nyl.) H. Magn. fq; Ah Au Han Har Ka Kr a Saa Sal; G. C. VITELLINA (Hoffm.) Mll. Arg. fq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv a Saa Sal Var; G. C. XANTHOSTIGMA (Ach.) Lettau fq; Han Kr Saa Sal; Fra Que. CATILLARIA CHALYBEIA (Borrer) A. Massal. rst fq; Au Kr Kv Saa Sal Var; G. CATINARIA ATROPURPUREA (Schaer.) Vzda & Poelt rr; WIs; Ah; Sor. #CERCIDOSPORA EPIPOLYTROPA (Mudd) Arnold rrr; WIs; Kr Sal Var; on apothecia of Lecanora polytropa. CETRARIA ACULEATA (Schreb.) Fr. fqq; Han Saa; S. C. ERICETORUM Opiz fqq; Saa; S. C. ISLANDICA (L.) Ach. fqq; Han Kv a Saa Var; S. C. SEPINCOLA (Ehrh.) Ach. fqq; Ah Han Kv a Saa Sal Var; W Aln Bet Jun Mal Pin. CHAENOTHECA CHRYSOCEPHALA (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr. fqq; Ah Han Sal; W Bet Pin Que. C. FERRUGINEA (Turner & Borrer) Mig. fqq; Kv Sal Var; Pin. C. TRICHIALIS (Ach.) Th. Fr. fqq; Ah Han Sal; Bet Pin Que. +CHAENOTHECOPSIS PUSILLA (Ach.) A. F. W. Schmidt fq; Han; Que. CHRYSOTRIX CANDELARIS (L.) J. R. Laundon fq; Han Sal; W Que.

46

Folia Cryptog. Estonica

C.

(P. James) P. James & J. R. Laundon rr; Han; Que. CLADINA ARBUSCULA (Wallr.) Hale & W. L. Culb. fqq; Saa; S. C. CILIATA (Stirt.) Trass f. TENUIS (Flrke) Ahti fq; Saa; S. C. MITIS (Sandst.) Hustich fqq; Saa Var; S. C. RANGIFERINA (L.) Nyl. fqq; Han Kv a Saa Var; S. CLADONIA BOREALIS S. Stenroos st fq; Saa (leg. E. S. & T. R.); S. C. BOTRYTES (K. G. Hagen) Willd. fqq; a Saa; W. C. CARIOSA (Ach.) Spreng. fqq; Saa; S. C. CENOTEA (Ach.) Schaer. fqq; Han Saa Var; W B*G. C. CHLOROPHAEA (Flrke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. fqq; Han Kr a Saa Var; S B*G B*Til. C. COCCIFERA (L.) Willd. st fq; Saa; S. C. CONIOCRAEA (Flrke) Spreng. fqq; Han Kr a Saa Sal Var; W Jun Pin Pop B*G. C. CRISPATA (Ach.) Flot. fqq; Saa; W. C. DEFORMIS (L.) Hoffm. fqq; Saa; B*G. C. DIGITATA (L.) Hoffm. fqq; Au Han a Sal; W Jun Que. C. FIMBRIATA (L.) Fr. fqq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv a Saa Sal Var; S W Bet Jun Que Sor B*G. C. FOLIACEA (Huds.) Willd. st fq; a Saa; S. C. FURCATA (Huds.) Schrad. fqq; Han Kr Saa Var; S W. C. GRACILIS (L.) Willd. ssp. GRACILIS fq; a Saa; S Jun. C. MACILENTA Hoffm. fqq; Han Kr Saa Sal; W B*G. C. OCHROCHLORA Flrke fq; Kv Var; W B*G. C. POCILLUM (Ach.) Grognot st fq; Han a Saa; S. C. PYXIDATA (L.) Hoffm. fqq; Han Kr Saa; S B*G. C. RANGIFORMIS Hoffm. fq; Ah a Saa; S. C. SQUAMOSA Hoffm. fqq; Sal; S. C. SUBRANGIFORMIS Sandst. fq; Ah Kr Kv Saa Var; S. C. SUBULATA (L.) F. H. Wigg fqq; a; B*G. C. SYMPHYCARPA (Flrke) Fr. fq; Han Var; S. CLAUZADEA MONTICOLA (Schaer.) Hafellner & Bellem. fq; Kr a; L. CLIOSTOMUM GRIFFITHII (Sm.) Coppins st fq; Kv a Sal; W Bet Jun. COLLEMA FUSCOVIRENS (With.) J. R. Laundon fq; Au a Saa; L. CYPHELIUM INQUINANS (Sm.) Trevis. st r; Han; W. C. TIGILLARE (Ach.) Ach. rst r; Han; W.
CHRYSOPHTHALMA

DIMERELLA PINETI (Ach.) Vzda fq; Ah Han Kr Kv a Sal Var; W Aln Bet Pin Que Ulm. DIPLOTOMMA ALBOATRUM (Hoffm.) Flot. st fq; Saa; L. D. VENUSTUM Krb. r; Han Kr (leg. T. R.); L. #ENDOCOCCUS PERPUSILLUS Nyl. r; WIs; Au Han Kv a; on thallus of Rhizocarpon distinctum and R. polycarpon. #E. PROPINQUUS (Krb.) D. Hawksw. rr; WIs; Saa; on thallus of Verrucaria nigrescens. #E. RUGULOSUS (Krb.) D. Hawksw. rr; WIs; Han (leg. E. S.); on thallus of Aspicilia cinerea. EVERNIA PRUNASTRI (L.) Ach. fqq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv a Saa Sal Var; Aln Bet Fra Jun Lon Mal Pin Pop Que Rha Rib Til Ulm Vib. FLAVOCETRARIA NIVALIS (L.) Krnefelt & A. Thell fqq; Saa; S. GRAPHIS SCRIPTA (L.) Ach. fqq; Han Var; Bet Fra Sor Til. GYALECTA SUBCLAUSA Anzi rr; WIs; Kv; L. HAEMATOMMA OCHROLEUCUM (Neck.) J. R. Laundon var. OCHROLEUCUM st fq; Ah Han Saa Sal Var; G Aln Fra Que Sor Til. H. OCHROLEUCUM (Neck.) J. R. Laundon var. PORPHYRIUM (Pers.) J. R. Laundon st r; Han; Til. HYPOCENOMYCE CARADOCENSIS (Leight. ex Nyl.) P. James & Gotth. Schneid. st r; Han; W. H. FRIESII (Ach.) P. James & Gotth. Schneid. st fq; Han; W. H. PRAESTABILIS (Nyl.) Timdal rr; WIs; Saa; W. H. SCALARIS (Ach.) M. Choisy fqq; Ah Han Kv Saa Sal; W Bet Pin. H. SOROPHORA (Vain.) P. James & Poelt fq; Han; W. HYPOGYMNIA FARINACEA Zopf fq; Han Sal; Jun Pin. H. PHYSODES (L.) Nyl. fqq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv a Saa Sal Var Vp; G Aln Bet Fra Jun Mal Pin Pop Rha Rib Ros Que Sor Til Vib Ulm B*G. H. TUBULOSA (Schaer.) Hav. fqq; Au Han a Saa Sal; W Jun Mal Pin. IMSHAUGIA ALEURITES (Ach.) S. L. F. Meyer fqq; Han Sal; W Pin. #KARSTENIOMYCES PELTIGERAE (P. Karst.) D. Hawksw. r; Kr (leg. T. R.); on thallus of Peltigera sp. #LAEVIOMYCES PERTUSARIICOLA (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. rr; WIs; Saa; on thallus Pertusaria pertusa. LECANIA CYRTELLA (Ach.) Th. Fr. fq; Ah Han a Sal Var; Fra Pin Pop Sor Ulm. L. ERYSIBE (Ach.) Mudd rst r; La a Sp Val Var; L.

47

L. FUSCELLA (Schaer.) A. Massal. st r; Sal; Pin. L. NAEGELII (Hepp) Diederich & Boom fq; Kv a Sal; Pin Pop Ulm. L. RABENHORSTII (Hepp) Arnold r; Han; L. LECANORA ALBESCENS (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostr. fqq; Ah An Au Han Kr La a Pa Saa Vp; L. L. ANDREWII de Lesd. st fq; WIs; Ah An Au Han Har Kr La Lu a Sal Sp; G Rha. L. ARGENTATA (Ach.) Malme fqq; Han Kr Saa Var; Fra Que Til. L. CADUBRIAE (A. Massal.) Hedl. st r; Sal; Pin. L. CAESIOSORA Poelt rr; Saa (leg. T. R.); G. L. CARPINEA (L.) Vain. fqq; Ah Au Han Har Kr Kv La a Saa Si Var Vp; Aln Bet Fra Jun Que Pop Rha Rib Sor Vib. L. CENISIA Ach. fq; Ah Au Han Kr Saa Var Vp; G. L. CHLAROTERA Nyl. fqq; Ah Au Han Har Kr Kv La a Saa Si Sp Var Vp; Aln Bet Fra Jun Lon Que Pop Que Rha Sor Swi Til Ulm Vib. L. CONIZAEOIDES Nyl. ex Cromb. st fq; Han Saa Val; W Jun. L. CRENULATA Hook. st fq; Au Han a Saa; L. L. DISPERSA (Pers.) Sommerf. fqq; Han Har Saa Var; L. L. EXPALLENS Ach. fq; Han Sal; W Que Pin. L. HAGENII (Ach.) Ach. fqq; Ah An Han Har Kr Kv La a Pa Saa Sal Si Var; W Jun Pin Rha Ros Sor Swi Vib. L. HELICOPIS (Wahlenb.) Ach. st fqfq; Ah An Kr La Lu Pa Sp; G. L. INTRICATA (Ach.) Ach. st fq; Han Kr Kv a Saa; G. L. INTUMESCENS (Rebent.) Rabenh. st r; Saa (leg. E. S.); on deciduous tree. L. LEPTYRODES (Nyl.) Degel. fqq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv La Saa Var; Fra Pop Rha Swi Ulm Vib. L. MURALIS (Schreb.) Rabenh. fqq; Ah Au Han Har Ka Kr Kv La a Pa Saa Sal Si Sp Var Vp; G. L. PHAEOSTIGMA (Krb.) Almb. st fq; Han; Pin. L. PINIPERDA Krb. r; WIs; Sal; Pin. L. POLYTROPA (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh. fq; Ah Han Kr Kv a Pa Saa Sal Var; G. L. POPULICOLA (DC.) Duby fq; Han; Pop. L. PULICARIS (Pers.) Ach. fqq; Ah Au Han Har Kv a Pa Saa Sal Var Vp; W Aln Bet Jun Pin Rha Sor Ulm Vib. L. RUGOSELLA Zahlbr. fqq; Han Kr Saa; Fra Pop Sor. L. RUPICOLA (L.) Zahlbr. fq; Ah Au Han Har Kr Kv La a Pa Saa Sp Var Vp; G.

L.

(Schrad.) Zahlbr. fq; Han Kr Sal; W Rha. L. STROBILINA (Spreng.) Kieff. st fq; Han; W. L. SULPHUREA (Hoffm.) Ach. fq; Ah Han Kr Kv a Pa Saa Sp Var; G. L. SYMMICTA (Ach.) Ach. fqq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv a Saa Sal Var Vp; W Jun Pin Rha Ros Sor Ulm. L. VARIA (Hoffm.) Ach. fqq; Au Han Kv Saa Sal; W Aln Bet Jun Sor. LECIDEA FUSCOATRA (L.) Ach. st fq; Ah Han Kr a Saa Sal Var; G. L. HYPOPTA Ach. rrr; Sal Var; W Pin. L. LAPICIDA (Ach.) Ach. var. LAPICIDA st r; Kr (leg. T. R.); G. L. LAPICIDA (Ach.) Ach. var. PANTHERINA Ach. st fq fq; Au Han Ka Kr a Pa Saa Var; G. L. NYLANDERI (Anzi) Th. Fr. fqq; Ah; Rha. LECIDELLA CARPATHICA Krb. rrr; Ah Au Kr (leg. T. R.) a; G. L. ELAEOCHROMA (Ach.) M. Choisy fqq; Ah An Au Han Har Ka Kr Kv La a Pa Saa Sal Si Sp Var Vp; W Ace Bet Fra Jun Lon Pin Pop Que Rha Rib Sor Til Ulm Vib. L. EUPHOREA (Flrke) Hertel fqq; Ah Var; Fra Pop Vib. L. SCABRA (Taylor) Hertel & Leuckert rrr; Han a; G L. L. STIGMATEA (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert fq; Ah Han Kr La a Pa Saa Var; G L. L. SUBVIRIDIS Tnsberg rr; WIs; Vp; Jun. LEPRARIA ELOBATA Tnsberg st r; Han; G. L. INCANA (L.) Ach. fqq; Ah Han Kr Kv a Saa Sal Var; G W Aln Bet Jun Pin Pop Que Rha. L. JACKII Tnsberg fq; Kr a Sal; G Jun Pin. L. LOBIFICANS Nyl. fq; Han Var; B*G B*Til. L. NEGLECTA (Nyl.) Erichsen rst fq; Han Kr Kv Saa (leg. E. S.) Var; G. LEPTOGIUM LICHENOIDES (L.) Zahlbr. st fqfq; Saa Var; S. L. SUBTILE (Schrad.) Torss. rst r; Han a; S. #LICHENOCONIUM LECANORAE (Jaap) D. Hawksw. rrr; WIs; Saa Var; on apothecia of Lecanora carpinea and L. leptyrodes. #L. PYXIDATAE (Oudem.) Petr. & Sydow rr; WIs; Saa; on podetia of Cladonia pyxidata. #L. XANTHORIAE M. S. Christ rrr; Han; on Xanthoria polycarpa. MELANELIA EXASPERATA (De Not.) Essl. fq; Ah Au Han Kv a Saa Sp Var Vp; Bet Jun Fra Mal Pop Que Rha Sor Til Vib.
SALIGNA

48

Folia Cryptog. Estonica

M.

(Nyl.) Essl. fqq; Han Har Saa Sal; Aln Bet Fra Que Rha. M. FULIGINOSA (Fr. ex Duby) Essl. fqq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv a Pa Saa Sp Var; G Fra Mal Pop Que Rha Rib Vib. M. OLIVACEA (L.) Essl. fqq; Han Kv Saa Sal Var; Aln Bet Pin. M. SUBARGENTIFERA (Nyl.) Essl. fq; Han (leg. E. S. & T. R.); Til. M. SUBAURIFERA (Nyl.) Essl. fqq; Ah Han Kr Kv Saa Var; Bet Fra Rha Sor. MICAREA DENIGRATA (Fr.) Hedl. st fq; Au Han Sal; W Jun Pin. M. MISELLA (Nyl.) Hedl. rst r; Saa; W. M. PRASINA Fr. fqq; Ah Han Saa Sal Var; W Bet Pin. #MICROCALICIUM DISSEMINATUM (Ach.) Vain. st fq; Han; W. #MUELLERELLA HOSPITANS Stizenb. rst r; Han Kv; on apothecia of Bacidia fraxinea and B. rubella. #M. LICHENICOLA (Sommerf. : Fr.) D. Hawksw. r; WIs; Ah Au Han; on Lecidella stigmatea, Verrucaria muralis and Caloplaca sp. #M. PYGMAEA (Krb.) D. Hawksw. var. PYGMAEA r; WIs; a Var; on Lecidea fuscoatra and L. lapicida var. pantherina. MYCOBILIMBIA CARNEOALBIDA (Mll. Arg.) comb. ined. st fq; Kv; B*L. MYCOBLASTUS FUCATUS (Stirt.) Zahlbr. st fq; Kv; Pop. +MYCOCALICIUM SUBTILE (Pers.) Szatala fqq; Han Sal; W. +MYCOMICROTHELIA CONFUSA D. Hawksw. rrr; WIs; Han; Til. NEOFUSCELIA LOXODES (Nyl.) Essl. fqq; Ah Han Kr a Pa Saa; G W. N. PULLA (Ach.) Essl. fqq; Ah Au Han Ho Ka Kr Kv a Pa Saa Sal Var; G. NEPHROMA PARILE (Ach.) Ach. st fq; Kr; B*Fra. OCHROLECHIA ANDROGYNA (Hoffm.) Arnold fqq; Han Saa; W. O. MICROSTICTOIDES Rsnen fq; Sal; Pin. OPEGRAPHA RUFESCENS Pers. fq; Ah Han Kr Var; Ace Bet Fra Pop Til. O. VARIA Pers. fq; Han Saa; Ace Que Til. O. VULGATA Ach. st fq; Han; Til. PARMELIA SAXATILIS (L.) Ach. fqq; Ah Au Han Ka Kr a Pa Saa Var; G Bet Jun Pin Que Rha. P. SULCATA Taylor fqq; Ah Au Han Ka Kr Kv a Pa Saa Sal Si Sp Var Vp; W Aln Bet Fra
EXASPERATULA

Jun Lon Mal Que Pin Pop Rha Rib Sor Swi Til Ulm Vib B*G. PARMELIOPSIS AMBIGUA (Wulfen) Nyl. fqq; Au Han Kv a Saa Sal Var; W Bet Jun Pin. P. HYPEROPTA (Ach.) Arnold fq; Saa (leg. E. S.); Jun. PELTIGERA APHTHOSA (L.) Willd. fqq; Saa; S. P. CANINA (L.) Willd. fqq; Ah Han Kr Kv a Saa Var; S B*G B*Til. P. COLLINA (Ach.) Schrad. r; Han; B*Til. P. HORIZONTALIS (Huds.) Baumg. st fq; Ah Han; B*G. P. MEMBRANACEA (Ach.) Nyl. st fq; Han; B*G. P. NECKERI Hepp ex Mll. Arg. fq; Saa; S. P. POLYDACTYLA (Neck.) Hoffm. fqq; Kr a; S Fra. P. PRAETEXTATA (Flrke ex Sommerf.) Zopf fqq; Ah Han Kr Var; Sor B*G B*Pop. P. RUFESCENS (Weiss) Humb. fqq; Han Kv Saa Var; S B*L. PERTUSARIA ALBESCENS (Huds.) M. Choisy fqq; Han Kv Saa; Ace Pop. P. AMARA (Ach.) Nyl. fqq; Ah Han Saa; W Fra Pop Que. P. COCCODES (Ach.) Nyl. fqq; Han; Ace Que. P. LEIOPLACA DC. fq; Ah Han Kr; Ace Fra Que Til. P. PERTUSA (Weigel) Tuck. st fq; Saa; Til. PHAEOPHYSCIA ORBICULARIS (Neck.) Moberg fqq; Ah Ka Kr Kv Saa Sal; G L Aln Fra Lon Pop Til. PHLYCTIS ARGENA (Spreng.) Flot. fqq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv Pa Saa Sal Var; Ace Aln Bet Fra Jun Pin Pop Que Sor Til Ulm Vib. PHYSCIA ADSCENDENS (Fr.) H. Olivier fqq; Ah Au Han Har Kr La a Saa Sal Sp Var; W Aln Bet Fra Jun Lon Mal Pop Que Rha Rib Ulm Vib. P. AIPOLIA (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Frnr. fqq; Kv Var; Lon Rha. P. CAESIA (Hoffm.) Frnr. fqq; Ah Au Han Ho Ka Kr Kv Oo a Saa Sal Var; G L. P. DUBIA (Hoffm.) Lettau fqq; Au Han Har Kr Si Val Vp; G W Fra Jun Rha. P. STELLARIS (L.) Nyl. fqq; Ah An Au Han Har Ka Kr Kv La a Saa Si Sp Var; Bet Fra Jun Mal Pop Que Rha Rib Ros Sor Swi Ulm Vib. P. TENELLA (Scop.) DC. var. MARINA (E. Nyl.) Lynge fq; Han Ho Ka Oo Saa Sp Val Vp; G. P. TENELLA (Scop.) DC. var. TENELLA fqq; Ah Au Han Har Kr Kv La a Pa Saa Sal; Aln Bet

49

Fra Jun Lon Pin Pop Que Rha Rib Sor Swi Til Ulm Vib. PHYSCONIA DISTORTA (With.) J. R. Laundon fqq; Ah Han Kr Kv Saa Var; G Fra Lon Pop Que Ulm. P. ENTEROXANTHA (Nyl.) Poelt fqq; Ah Han Saa; Bet Fra Que. P. PERISIDIOSA (Erichsen) Moberg fq; Han Var; Fra Que Til. PLACYNTHIELLA DASAEA (Stirt.) Tnsberg rst r; Han Saa Sal; W. P. ICMALEA (Ach.) Coppins & P. James fqq; Han a Saa; W Jun. PLACYNTHIUM NIGRUM (Huds.) Gray fq; Kr Saa; L. PLATISMATIA GLAUCA (L.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. fqq; Ah Han a Saa Sal Var; W Aln Bet Jun Pin. POLYBLASTIA ALBIDA Arnold rrr; Au Kr (leg. T. R.); L. #POLYCOCCUM PULVINATUM (Eitner) R. Sant. rrr; WIs; Au Sal; on thallus of Physcia caesia. PORINA CHLOROTICA (Ach.) Mll. Arg. rr; Kr; G. PORPIDIA TUBERCULOSA (Sm.) Hertel & Knoph r; Kv; G. PROTOBLASTENIA RUPESTRIS (Scop.) J. Steiner fq; Han Var; L. PROTOPARMELIA BADIA (Hoffm.) Hafellner st fq; Saa; G. PSEUDEVERNIA FURFURACEA (L.) Zopf fqq; Ah Han Kr Kv a Saa Sal Var; W Aln Jun Pin Rha Rib. PSILOLECHIA LUCIDA (Ach.) M. Choisy st r; Han; G. PYRRHOSPORA QUERNEA (Dicks.) Krb. st fqfq; Han a Sal; Jun Que. RAMALINA FARINACEA (L.) Ach. fqq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv a Saa Sal Var; Aln Bet Fra Jun Lon Pop Que Rha Rib Sor Til Ulm. R. FASTIGIATA (Pers.) Ach. fqq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv a Saa; Aln Bet Fra Jun Pop Que Rha Sor Til Ulm. R. FRAXINEA (L.) Ach. fqq; Ah An Au Han Har Ka Kr Kv a Saa Si Sp Var Vp; Bet Fra Jun Pop Que Rha Sor Til Ulm. R. POLYMORPHA (Lilj.) Ach. fq; Saa; G. R. SUBFARINACEA (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. st r; a; G. #RAMBOLDIA INSIDIOSA (Th. Fr.) Hafellner st r; Au Han; W on thallus of Lecanora varia. RHIZOCARPON DISTINCTUM Th. Fr. st fq; Ah Au Han Ho Kr Kv a Pa Saa Sal Var; G.

R.

(L.) DC. st fq; Au Han Kr a Saa; G. R. GRANDE (Flrke ex Flot.) Arnold rr; Saa (leg. T. R.); G. R. MACROSPORUM Rsnen rst r; Au; G. R. POLYCARPUM (Hepp) Th. Fr. rst fq; Han Kr a Saa (leg. E. S.) Sal Var; G. #RIMULARIA FURVELLA (Nyl. ex Mudd) Hertel & Rambold rst r; Au Kr (leg. T. R.) a Saa (leg. J. P.); on thallus of Lecidea fuscoatra, L. lapicida var. lapicida, Lecidella carpathica etc. #R. INSULARIS (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold st fq fq; Au Han Kr Kv a Saa; on thallus of Lecanora rupicola. RINODINA CACUMINUM (Th. Fr.) Malme rst r; Han Kr Sp Var; G. R. CONFRAGOSA (Ach.) Krb. rst r; Au Saa (leg. J. P.) Vp; G. R. EXIGUA Gray fq, Au Han; W. R. GENNARII Bagl. st rst fq; Ah An Han Har Lu Oo Saa (leg. J. P.); G. R. IMMERSA (Krb.) Arnold st rst fq; Au Han Pa Saa; L. R. PYRINA (Ach.) Arnold fq; WIs; Au La; Rha Ros. R. SOPHODES (Ach.) A. Massal. fq; Au Han Har a Saa Si Sp Var Vp; Bet Jun Fra Rha Sor. ROPALOSPORA VIRIDIS (Tnsberg) Tnsberg r; WIs; Han; G. SARCOGYNE REGULARIS Krb. st fq; Kv; L. SCHAERERIA FUSCOCINEREA (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux st rst fq; Ah Han Kv a Saa (leg. J. P.) Var; G. SCHISMATOMMA PERCILEUM (Ach.) Branth & Rostr. st rst fq; Han; Ace Que. SCLEROPHORA NIVEA (Hoffm.) Tibell st fq; Han; Que. SCOLICIOSPORUM CHLOROCOCCUM (Stenh.) Vzda fq; Au Han a Sal Var; W Bet Jun Pin Vib. S. UMBRINUM (Ach.) Arnold st rst fq; Ah Han Saa Var; G. #SPHAERELLOTHECIUM PROPINQUELLUM (Nyl.) Roux & Triebel st r; WIs; Han Kv Var; on apothecia of Lecanora carpinea and L. leptyrodes. #SPHINCTRINA TURBINATA (Pers. : Fr.) De Not. rr; Saa (leg. E. S.); on thallus of Pertusaria pertusa. STRANGOSPORA MORIFORMIS (Ach.) Stein r; Han; W.
GEOGRAPHICUM

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica

#T AENIOLELLA DELICATA M. S. Christ. & D. Hawksw. rr; WIs; Si; in apothecia of Amandinea punctata. TEPHROMELA ATRA (Huds.) Hafellner ex Kalb fqq; Ah Au Han Ho Ka Kr Kv La a Saa Var Vp; G Pop. THELOMMA OCELLATUM (Krb.) Tibell r; Han; W. T RAPELIOPSIS FLEXUOSA (Fr.) Coppins & P. James fq; Han a Saa Sal; W Jun. #T REMELLA CLADONIAE Diederich & M. S. Christ. rr; WIs; Sal; on thallus of Cladonia sp. T REMOLECIA ATRATA (Ach.) Hertel r; a; G. TUCKERMANNOPSIS CHLOROPHYLLA (Willd.) Hale fqq; Han a Saa Sal Var; W Bet Jun Pin. UMBILICARIA DEUSTA (L.) Baumg. fqq; Han Kv a Saa; G. U. POLYPHYLLA (L.) Baumg. fqq; Au Han Kr Kv Saa; G. U. TORREFACTA (Lightf.) Schrad. st fq; Han Kr; G. USNEA FILIPENDULA Stirt. fqq; Ah; Jun. U. HIRTA (L.) F. H. Wigg. fqq; Han Saa Sal; W Jun Pin. U. SUBFLORIDANA Stirt. fqq; Saa Sal; W. VERRUCARIA CALCISEDA DC. st r; Han Kr; L. V. FUSCELLA (Turner) Winch r; Pa; L. V. GLAUCINA auct. rst r; Ah Au Han; L. V. MAURA Wahlenb. st rst fq; An Har Ho Ki Oo P S Sp Vp; G. V. MURALIS Ach. fq; Ah Au Han Kv a Saa Val Var; L.

V.

Pers. fq; Ah Au Han Kr La a Saa Var; L. #VOUAUXIELLA LICHENICOLA (Linds.) Petr. & Sydow fq; WIs; Han Kr Kv Saa Sp; on apothecia of Lecanora chlarotera. #VOUAUXIOMYCES RAMALINAE (Nordin) D. Hawksw. st fq; Saa; on apothecia of Ramalina fraxinea. VULPICIDA PINASTRI (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai fqq; Han a Saa Sal; W Jun Pin. XANTHOPARMELIA CONSPERSA (Ach.) Hale fqq; Ah Au Han Kr Kv a Pa Saa Var; G. X. SOMLONSIS (Gyeln.) Hale fq; Ah Han Kv Saa; G. XANTHORIA CANDELARIA (L.) Th. Fr. fqq; Ah Au Han Har Ho Ka Kr La a Saa Sal Sp Var Vp; G W. X. FULVA (Hoffm.) Poelt & Petutschnig st r; Han; Que. X. PARIETINA (L.) Th. Fr. fqq; Ah An Au Han Har Ho Ka Kr Kv La Lu Oo a Pa Saa Sal Si Sp Val Var Vp; G W Aln Bet Fra Jun Lon Que Pin Pop Rha Rib Sor Swi Vib. X. POLYCARPA (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. ex Rieber fqq; Ah An Au Han Har Kr Kv La a Pa Saa Sal Si Var Vp; Bet Fra Jun Mal Pin Que Rha Rib Ros Sor Swi Til Ulm Vib. #ZWACKHIOMYCES COEPULONOUS (Norman) Grube & R. Sant. rr; Saa; on thallus of Caloplaca saxicola.
NIGRESCENS

Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 39: 5159 (2002)

Lichenicolous fungi from the Kandalaksha Gulf, Karelia Keretina, Russia

1

Laboratory of the Systematics and Geography of Fungi, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 197376, St.-Petersburg, Professor Popov, 2 2 Department of Botany, St.-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb., 7, St.-Petersburg, 199034, Russia E-mail: brant@valaam.mail.iephb.nw.ru

Mikhail P. Zhurbenko1 & Dmitry E. Himelbrant 2

Abstract: Thirty eight species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea, Karelia
Keretina, Russia. Chionosphaera cf. apobasidialis, Karsteniomyces peltigerae, Lichenochora cf. polycoccoides, Lichenoconium xanthoriae, Odontotrema rhizocarpicola, Phoma cytospora, Plectocarpon cladoniae, Sphaerellothecium conioides, Stigmidium cf. mitchellii, Stigmidium pumilum, and Xenonectriella ornamentata, are new to Russia. Another 17 fungi are new to Karelia.

Kokkuvte: Kandalaka lahe mbruse (Karjala) lihhenikoolsed seened.

Teatatakse 38-st lihhenikoolse seene liigist Valge mere Kandalaka lahe mbrusest. Chionosphaera cf. apobasidialis, Karsteniomyces peltigerae, Lichenochora cf. polycoccoides, Lichenoconium xanthoriae, Odontotrema rhizocarpicola, Phoma cytospora, Plectocarpon cladoniae, Sphaerellothecium conioides, Stigmidium cf. mitchellii, Stigmidium pumilum ja Xenonectriella ornamentata on Venemaa esmasleiud. lejnud 17 seeneliiki on uued Karjala jaoks.

INTRODUCTION This paper continues the series dealing with lichenicolous fungi of Russia (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996; Zhurbenko & Hafellner, 1999; Zhurbenko & Davydov, 2000; Zhurbenko & Pospelova, 2001; Zhurbenko, 1998, 2000, 2001; Zhurbenko & Otnyukova, 2001). In 19972001 the junior author studied the lichen flora of Keret Archipelago (661321 N, 33 3355 E), located in the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White (Beloe) Sea, Karelia Republic of Russia (Fig. 1). Concomitantly he collected some lichenicolous fungi, which were identified later by the senior author. The archipelago consists of more than 40 islands, total square of which is about 55 sq. km. According to the biogeographical subdivision of Karelia (Cajander, 1906; Fadeeva et al., 1997), the study area belongs to the Karelia Keretina biogeographical province, it also falls within the northern taiga subzone of taiga zone (Tsinzerling, 1934; Anonymous, 1980). The vegetation cover is mostly represented by different types of sparse pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests. Mixed forests of Picea abies (L.) Karst., P. obovata Ledeb., Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula L., Betula pendula Roth., B. pubescens Ehrh. also play an important role in the area. A number of small islands exhibit a special type of tundra-like vegetation treeless dwarf-shrub heaths (ludy). Extensive rock outcrops are common in the area, particularly on the coastal slopes. The study area falls within the White Sea (Karelian Coast) climatic region as recognized by Atlas of the Karelian ASSR (Anonymous, 1989). The temperature ranges from a mean minimum of -11 C in January to +14 C in July. The mean annual amount of precipitation is 500 mm.

MATERIAL AND METHODS The study is almost exclusively based on materials collected in the Keret Archipelago of the Kandalaksha Gulf. However one additional specimen from the adjacent island of the gulf was also treated. Macroscopic features were examined with a LOMO dissecting Stereomicroscope MBS-1 at a magnification of 856. Microscopic characters were studied in squash preparations or hand-made sections in water, 10% KOH (K), Brilliant cresyl blue (BCr), or Lugols iodine solution with and without pretreatment with KOH ( K/I and I respectively) by use of a LOMO light microscope MBR-3 (to 2000). Unless otherwise indicated, microscopic measurements are based on water mounts. Diaspore measurements were

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Fig. 1. Location of the study area (

). features of the taxa are unsufficiently known. Species denoted by an asterisk are new to Russia. Abbreviations: D. H. leg. D. Himelbrant; Is. Island. A BROTHALLUS PAR MELIARUM (Sommerf.) Arnold Srednii Is., 661707 N, 334203 E, elev. 3 m, rock outcrops, on Parmelia omphalodes (thallus), associated with Phacopsis oxyspora, 10 July 1999, D. H.; same locality, 661706 N, 333844 E, elev. 3 m, mixed spruce-pine forest, on Melanelia septentrionalis (thallus and thalline margin of apothecia), 10 July 1999, D. H. Apothecia 0.20.5 mm diam., sometimes with whitish pruina. Hymenium K+ glaucous. Ascospores 1217 4.56 m (n=20). I+ blue staining of vegetative hyphae not observed. Usually Abrothallus bertianus De Not. is found on Melanelia spp., however that species differs from the present specimen in its epruinose smaller apothecia, shorter ascospores, and I+ blue hyphae (Hawksworth, 1983).

made in water mounts and are given as the extreme values or: (min) (X-SD) X(X+SD) (max) rounded to the nearest 0.5 m, where min and max are the extreme values, X the arithmetic mean, and SD the corresponding standard deviation. Measurements of all other anatomical characters were performed in water, K, or K/I, and their values represent the extreme range. The nomenclature of lichens and lichenicolous fungi follows Santesson (1993) or later works. Voucher specimens are housed in the herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute in St.-Petersburg (LE). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Annotated list of taxa The annotations include information on collecting sites, host lichens, herbarium numbers, and known distribution in Russia. Some incidental taxonomical notes are provided on the morphological characteristics when they deviate from those mentioned in the literature, or when the

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Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina, Karelia Onegensis (Norrlin, 1876), Kuusamo (Fadeeva et al., 1997); Leningrad Region (Brenner, 1886; Vainio, 1878); Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.); Putorana Plateau (Zhurbenko & Hafellner, 1999); Eastern Sayan, Tuva (Zhurbenko & Otnyukova, 2001); Altai (Zhurbenko & Davydov, 2000). BACHMANNIOMYCES UNCIALICOLA (Zopf) D.Hawksw. Gorelyi Is., 661743 N, 333801 E, elev. 5 m, rock outcrops, on Cladonia amaurocraea (thallus), 4 July 1998, D. H., LE 210296. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko, 1998; Zhurbenko & Pospelova, 2001); Tuva (Zhurbenko & Otnyukova, 2001). C ARBONEA SUPERSPARSA (Nyl.) Hertel Luda Ploskaya Is., 661944 N, 33520 E, elev. 3 m, rock outcrops, on Lecanora sp. (thallus, occasionally apothecia), 28 June 1999, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Franz Josef Land (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Putorana Plateau (Zhurbenko, 2000). CERCIDOSPORA EPIPOLYTROPA (Mudd) Arnold Vicinities of Keret village, 661644 N, 333402 E, elev. 5 m, on Lecanora polytropa (hymenium of apothecia), 3 July 2000, D. H., LE 210292. Perithecia subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal, 0.0750.1 mm diam., black, shiny, immersed to 1/3 exposed. Exciple entire, 510 m thick, dark glaucous brown throughout. Interascal filaments sparingly branched, 1.52 m diam., not or slightly swollen at the tips up to 3 m. Asci subcylindrical to moderately clavate, with short stalk, 4553 1012 m, 8-spored, tholus I-, K/I-, ascoplast I+ orange, K/I+ orange. Ascospores narrowly skittle-shaped, (0)1-septate, 1420 57 m (n=20), hyaline, overlapping distichous. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina, Karelia Ladogensis (Rsnen, 1939); Putorana Plateau (Zhurbenko & Hafellner, 1999); Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996). *CHIONOSPHAERA CF. APOBASIDIALIS Cox Gorelyi Is., 661803 N, 333748 E, elev. 8 m, sparse birch-pine forest, on Melanelia olivacea (thallus: mostly upper side, occasionally its lower side; apothecia), 18 Aug. 1999, D. H., LE 210293.

Basidiomata stipitate-capitate, cuneiform to mushroom-like, applanate from above, 0.0750.225 mm diam., 0.0750.125 mm tall, with short thick stipe 50100 m diam., buff, translucent, capitulum often white pruinose, superficial, dispersed to aggregated by a few (usually on young host apothecia), separated to occasionally confluent. Basidiospores aseptate, ellipsoidal, sometimes subglobose, obpyriform, lemon-shaped, slightly bent or irregular in shape, sometimes with noticeable scar, (5)5.5 78(9) (2.5)33.5(4) m (n=30), hyaline. The fungus produces no visible damage to its host. Chionosphaera apobasidialis was known to be saprotrophic on bark of various trees, and also lichenicolous on the thallus of Lecidella sp., Parmelina quercina and Teloschistes flavicans (Diederich, 1996). C ORTICIFRAGA FUCKELII (Rehm) D.Hawksw. & R.Sant. Luda Pesochnaya Is., 6618 N, 3346 E, elev. 1 m, on Peltigera cf. canina (thallus), 3 July 2000, D. H., LE 210288. Srednii Is., 66170 N, 333955 E, elev. 3 m, rock outcrops, on Peltigera sp. (P. canina group) ( thallus), associated with Refractohilum peltigerae, 27 July 2000, D. H. Bolshoi Gorelyi Is., 661852 N, 333636 E, elev. 4 m, on Peltigera rufescens (thallus), 23 July 2001, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Murmansk Region: Khibiny Mountains (Zhurbenko, 2001); Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina, Karelia Ladogensis (Hawksworth & Santesson, 1990); Tuva (Zhurbenko & Otnyukova, 2001). ECHINOTHECIUM CLADONIAE Keissler Keret Is., 661840 N, 334153 E, elev. 64 m, forested rock outcrops, on Cladonia coccifera (podetia, pycnidia, primary squamules), 20 Aug. 1999, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Murmansk Region: Khibiny Mountains (Zhurbenko, 2001); Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.). ENDOCOCCUS PROPINQUUS (Krb.) D.Hawksw. Srednii Is., 661720 N, 333919 E, elev. 53 m, rock outcrops, on Porpidia tuberculosa (thallus), 8 July 1999, D. H., LE 210285. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina, Karelia Ladogensis (Norrlin, 1878; Rsnen, 1939; Triebel, 1989; Vainio, 1921); Leningrad Region (Brenner, 1886; Vainio,

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1921); Franz Josef Land (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Putorana Plateau (Zhurbenko & Hafellner, 1999); Chukotka (Triebel, 1989). EPICLADONIA SANDSTEDEI (Zopf) D.Hawksw. Murmansk region, Karelia Keretina, Kandalaksha State Reserve, Velikii Is., square 27, spruce forest, on Cladonia sp. (primary squamules), growing on dying thallus of Peltigera aphthosa, 29 Aug. 1964, T. Piin, LE 210298. The specimen fits well to description of Epicladonia sandstedei in Hawksworth (1981), except for the size of the pycnidia which are 100 200 m diam., instead of 5080(125) m. Known distribution in Russia: Murmansk region: Karelia Keretina; Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko, 1998); Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.). EPICLADONIA cf. STENOSPORA (Harmand) D.Hawksw. Srednii Is., mixed birch-aspen forest, 66177 N, 333810 E, elev. 3 m, on Cladonia coniocraea (podetia and underside of primary squamules), 10 July 1997, D. H., LE 210294. Pycnidia 75100 m diam., black, shiny, erumpent, with the upper 1/2 to 5/6 exposed. Peridium brown. Conidia aseptate, subcylindrical, fusiform, allantoid or reniform, rounded at the apex and sometimes truncated at the base, straight or curved, (7)7.58.59.5(10) (2)2.533.5(4) m (n=20, in KOH), hyaline. Epicladonia stenospora, as described by Hawksworth (1981), differs from the specimen in having immersed pycnidia. The other species of Epicladonia with simple conidia E. simplex, being similar to the specimen in its finally superficial pycnidia, differs from the latter in its larger pycnidia (100175 m) which develop on galls. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko & Pospelova, 2001). GELTINGIA ASSOCIATA (Th.Fr.) Alstrup & D.Hawksw. Luda Vysokaya Is., 6620 N, 3352 E, elev. 9 m, on terricolous Ochrolechia sp. (thallus), 25 Aug. 1999, D. H., LE 210283. Luda Sedlovataya Is., 661837 N, 335442 E, elev. 4 m, on Ochrolechia androgyna (thallus), 28 June 1999, D. H., LE 210283. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Franz Josef Land;

Izvestii TsIK Archipelago; Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996). ILLOSPORIUM CARNEUM Fr. Srednii Is., open rock outcrops, 661738 N, 333903 E, elev. 9 m, on Peltigera didactyla (thallus), 25 July 1999, D. H. Keret Is., 661805 N, 334341 E, elev. 2 m, on Peltigera didactyla (thallus), associated with Refractohilum peltigerae, 21 Aug. 1999, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina, Karelia Onegensis (Fadeeva et al., 1997); Novaya Zemlya (Lind, 1924); Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.); Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Altai (Zhurbenko & Davydov, 2000). *KARSTENIOMYCES PELTIGERAE (P.Karst.) D.Hawksw. Luda Keretskaya II Is., rock outcrops, 661932 N, 334204 E, elev. 8 m, on Peltigera rufescens (thallus), 15 July 1999, D. H., LE 210273. Srednii Is., 661706 N, 333844 E, elev. 3 m, mixed spruce-pine forest, on Peltigera rufescens (thallus), associated with Scutula miliaris, 10 July 1999, D. H., LE 210278. *L ICHENOCHORA cf. POLYCOCCOIDES Hafellner & R.Sant. Luda Sedlovataya Is., 661837 N, 335442 E, elev. 4 m, rock outcrops, 28 June 1999, D. H., LE 210289. Luda Keretskaya II Is., 661932 N, 334204 E, elev. 8 m, rock outcrops, 15 July 1999, D. H., LE 210284. Luda Vysokaya Is., 6620 N, 3352 E, elev. 3 m, rock outcrops, 25 Aug. 1999, D. H. Cheremshikha Is., 6618 N, 3354E, elev. 10 m, rock outcrops, 14 July 1999, D. H. All specimens grew on Physcia dubia (thallus). Perithecia broadly ellipsoidal, ca. 0.15 mm diam., immersed, often deeply so, and several together in dark brown to blackish bullate galls 0.52 mm diam. Exciple entire, paraplectenchymatous, brown. Interascal filaments not or sparingly branched, not swollen at the tips, uneven in diam. 26 m wide, guttulate. Asci (broadly) cylindrical, short stalked, 6290 817 m, 8-spored, endoascus K/I-, I-, ascoplast K/I-, I+ red-orange. Ascospores broadly ellipsoidal, egg-shaped or pyriform, 01-septate [possibly the septum develops only on the later stages of spore maturation], septum sometimes irregularly inclined, cells often unequal, guttulate, (10)111314.5(16) (7)7.58.59(10) m (n=25), finely verruculose, hyaline, usually uniseriate, sometimes partly biseriate.

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Lichenochora polycoccoides was described as growing on Physcia tribacia and differs from the examined specimens in having finally brownish ascospores, which have been also reported to be always 1-septate (Hafellner, 1989). The specimens resemble also Lichenochora weillii (Werner) Hafellner & R. Sant., as described in Hafellner (1989), which differs, however, in its always 1-septate, smooth-walled, shorter ascospores (1012 89.5 m), and is found on another host genus Physconia in the same family Physciaceae. LICHENOCONIUM ERODENS M.S.Christ. & D.Hawksw. Matrenin Is., 661836 N, 333806 E, elev. 2 m, on Lecanora symmicta and L. pulicaris (apothecia), 8 July 1998, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina, Karelia Ladogensis (Fadeeva et al., 1997); Franz Josef Land (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.); Altai (Zhurbenko & Davydov, 2000). LICHENOCONIUM LECANORAE (Jaap) D.Hawksw. Srednii Is., rock outcrops, 66170 N, 333955 E, elev. 3 m, on Melanelia sp. (hymenium of apothecia), growing on aspen, 27 July 2000, D. H. Luda Vysokaya Dvinskaya Is., 6615 N, 3354 E, elev. 6 m, rock outcrops, on Arctoparmelia centrifuga (apothecia: hymenium and thalline margin), 26 June 2000, D. H. Keret Is., rock outcrops, 661840 N, 334153 E, elev. 64 m, on Lecanora circumborealis (hymenium of apothecia), growing on wood of a post, 20 Aug. 1999, D. H., LE 210291. Pycnidia 50100 m diam. The infection is associated with blackened areas of the host lichen hymenium. Lichenoconium erodens which can also parasitize on the same host differs from this species in its characteristically smaller pycnidia (2060 m diam.) and much more serious damage to the host lichen, which becomes decolourized in the infected parts (Christiansen, 1980). Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina, Karelia Ladogensis (Fadeeva et al., 1997); Franz Josef Land (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.); Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko & Santesson,1996); Putorana Plateau (Zhurbenko & Hafellner, 1999).

*LICHENOCONIUM XANTHORIAE M.S.Christ. Gorelyi Is., 661733 N, 333738 E, elev. 8 m, on Xanthoria candelaria (apothecia: hymenium and thalline margin), growing on wood of a post, 6 June 1998, D. H., LE 210276. MUELLERELLA PYGMAEA (Krb.) D.Hawksw. s. lat. Bolshoi Gorelyi Is., 661852 N, 333636 E, elev. 6 m, rock outcrops, on Rhizocarpon geographicum (thallus), 23 July 1998, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina, Karelia Ladogensis (Norrlin, 1878; Rsnen, 1939; Vainio, 1921), Kuusamo (Vainio, 1883, 1921); Leningrad Region (Vainio, 1921); Franz Josef Land (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Astrakhan Region (Bogdo Mountain, on Aspicilia aspera Mer., 26 May 192... (?), V. P. Savicz, LE 207177); Severnaya Zemlya (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Putorana Plateau (Zhurbenko & Hafellner, 1999); New Siberian Is. (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Chukotka (Triebel, 1989). MUELLERELLA PYGMAEA (Krb.) D.Hawksw. var. PYGMAEA Srednii Is., 66176.5 N, 334203 E, elev. 4 m, rock outcrops, on saxicolous Lecidea sp. (thallus), 10 July 1999, D. H.; same locality, on saxicolous Lecidea lapicida var. pantherina (thallus), 10 July 1999, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Putorana Plateau (Zhurbenko & Hafellner, 1999); Chukotka (Karatygin et al., 1999). MUELLERELLA PYGMAEA (Krb.) D.Hawksw. var. VENTOSICOLA (Mudd) Triebel Keret Is., 661831 N, 3341 E, elev. 43 m, rock outcrops, on Rhizocarpon sp. (thallus), 9 July 1998, D. H., LE 210268. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.); Altai (Zhurbenko & Davydov, 2000). *ODONTOTREMA RHIZOCARPICOLA Zhurb., Diederich & Himelbrant (ined.) Bolshoi Gorelyi Is., 6618N, 3337E, alt. 30 m, forested top of a rocky hill, on Rhizocarpon geographicum (thallus), 21 July 1998, D. H. The species is described in a manuscript of P. Diederich, J. Etayo and M. Zhurbenko on the

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lichenicolous species of Odontotrema which is submitted to The Lichenologist. PHACOPSIS CEPHALODIOIDES (Nyl.) Triebel & Rambold Srednii Is., 661655 N, 334203 E, elev. 3 m, mixed spruce forest, on Hypogymnia physodes (thallus), 3 July 1999, D. H., LE 210277. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Tuva (Zhurbenko & Otnyukova, 2001). PHACOPSIS OXYSPORA (Tul.) Triebel & Rambold Srednii Is., 661707 N, 334203 E, elev. 3 m, rock outcrops, on Parmelia omphalodes (thallus), associated with Abrothallus parmeliarum, 10 July 1999, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina, Kuusamo (Fadeeva et al., 1997), Karelia Ladogensis (Rsnen, 1939); Leningrad Region (Brenner, 1886); Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.); Eastern Sayan, Tuva (Zhurbenko & Otnyukova, 2001); Putorana Plateau (Zhurbenko & Hafellner, 1999); Altai (Zhurbenko & Davydov, 2000). P HAEOSPOROBOLUS ALPINUS R.Sant., Alstrup & D.Hawksw. Luda Ileika II Is., 6621 N, 3345 E, elev. 8 m, on terricolous Ochrolechia sp. (thallus), associated with Sphaerellothecium araneosum, 9 July 2000, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Mur mansk Region (Zhurbenko, 2001); Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Franz Josef Land (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.); Severnaya Zemlya (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko, 1998; Zhurbenko & Pospelova, 2001; Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Putorana Plateau (Zhurbenko & Hafellner, 1999). *PHOMA CYTOSPORA (Vouaux) D.Hawksw. Srednii Is., 661706 N, 333844 E, elev. 3 m, mixed spruce-pine forest, on neighbouring thalli of Hypogymnia physodes and Parmelia sulcata, 10 July 2000, D. H., LE 210300. Pycnidia 4070 m diam., black, 1/4 to1/8 erumpent, associated with necrotic decolourized patches on the host thallus. Conidia fusiform to bacilliform, straight or slightly curved, rounded at the apex and slightly attenuated and truncated at base, 58 1.52 m (n=20), smooth, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells obpyriform. The fungus has been reported growing on the lichen

genera Flavoparmelia, Hypotrachyna, Melanelia, Parmelia, Parmotrema, Ramalina, and Rimelia (Hawksworth, 1981; Santesson, 1993), here it is for the first time reported from Hypogymnia. *PLECTOCARPON CLADONIAE R.Sant. Srednii Is., 661707 N, 334203 E, elev. 3 m, rock outcrops, on Cladonia pocillum (primary squamules), 10 July 1999, D. H., LE 210299. Ascomata apothecioid, superficial, applanate-elevated, more or less rounded, emarginate, 0.52 mm diam., dark brown to almost black, shiny, disc surface roughly verruculose, arising singly, but occasionally confluent. Epithecium dark reddish-brown. Hymenium 70 100 m tall, colourless to pale brownish, divided by brownish strands into loculi 70120 m wide, I+ red. Hypothecium 200250 m tall, of textura epidermoidea, dark reddish-brown. Interascal filaments branched, flexuose, 23 m diam., apically swollen to 45 m. Asci clavate to broadly clavate, 5870 1520 m (n=10), 4-spored, tholus K/I+ blue, protoplast K/I+ orange-red. Ascospores oval to fusiform, (2)5-septate, 2229 68 m (n=12), with halo 1 m thick, smooth-walled, colourless to finally brownish. The apothecia of the fungus are located directly on the upper surface of the host squamules or sometimes on their bullate to stipitate swellings. This rarely reported species was described from Sweden, growing on phyllocladia of Cladonia pyxidata (Santesson, 1994). PRONECTRIA ERYTHRINELLA (Nyl.) Lowen Srednii Is., 661729 N, 333843 E, elev. 5 m, on Peltigera canina (mostly upper side of thallus, occasionally also its lower side and apothecia), 29 June 2000, D. H., LE 210275. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Bologoye: prov. Nangorva, 29 Aug., 10 Sept. 1897, W. Trazschel (S) (Rossman et al., 1999); Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.). REFRACTOHILUM PELTIGERAE (Keissl.) D.Hawksw. Srednii Is., 66170 N, 333955 E, elev. 3 m, rock outcrops, on Peltigera sp. (P. canina group) (thallus), associated with Corticifraga fuckelii, 27 July 2000, D. H., LE 210274. Keret Is., 66185 N, 334341 E, elev. 2 m, on Peltigera didactyla (thallus), associated with Illosporium carneum, 21 Aug. 1999, D. H., LE 210269.

57

Conidia hyaline, simple, (15)182124(28) (6)6.57.58.5(10) m (n=30). Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Tuva (Zhurbenko & Otnyukova, 2001). SCUTULA KREMPELHUBERI Krb. Coast of Chupa Bay near Cherlivoe Lake, 661728 N, 333317 E, elev. 10 m, on Solorina saccata (thallus), 26 July 2001, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Murmansk Region (Vainio, 1883; Zhurbenko, 2001); Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina. SCUTULA MILIARIS (Wallr.) Trevis. Srednii Is., 661706 N, 333844 E, elev. 3 m, mixed spruce-pine forest, on Peltigera rufescens (thallus), associated with Karsteniomyces peltigerae, 10 July 1999, D. H., LE 210272. Gorelyi Is., 661743 N, 333738 E, elev. 8 m, coastal rocky terrace, on Peltigera sp. (thallus), 7 July 1998, D. H., LE 210280. Known distribution in Russia: Murmansk Region (Vainio, 1934; Zhurbenko, 2001); Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina, Karelia Ladogensis (Fadeeva et al., 1997; Rsnen, 1939; Vainio, 1934, 1940); Leningrad region (Vainio, 1934); Chukotka (Karatygin et al., 1999). SPHAERELLOTHECIUM ARANEOSUM (Rehm ex Arnold) Zopf Luda Ileika II Is., 66o21 N, 33o45 E, elev. 8 m, on terricolous Ochrolechia sp. (thallus), associated with Phaeosporobolus alpinus, 9 July 2000, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Murmansk Region (Zhurbenko, 2001); Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Franz Josef Land (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Putorana Plateau (Zhurbenko & Hafellner, 1999); Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko, 1998; Zhurbenko & Pospelova, 2001; Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); New Siberian Is. (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Chukotka (Karatygin et al., 1999). *SPHAERELLOTHECIUM CONIOIDES (Nyl.) Roux & Diederich Srednii Is., 661720 N, 33390 E, elev. 13 m, on Baeomyces rufus (thallus), 9 July 1999, D. H., LE 210287. Perithecia globose, 5070 m diam., black, usually 5/6 to 3/4 immersed, separated, dispersed, numerous, associated with brown vegetative hyphae which are BCr+ blue. Peridium dark. Hamathecial filaments not observed.

Asci broadly clavate, 2845 1016 m (n=15), 8-spored. Ascospores soleiform, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, (11)11.51314(16) 3.544.5(5) m (n=40), long remaining hyaline but finally brown, sometimes with large guttules, biseriate or irregularly arranged in the ascus, tholus K/I-, BCr-, protoplast K/I+ orange, BCr+ blue. Though ascospores of the species have been reported to be halonate (Ihlen, 1998), halo was not observed. The host thallus turns grey in the infection spots. SPAERELLOTHECIUM CONTEXTUM Triebel Srednii Is., 661706 N, 333945 E, elev. 2 m, rock outcrops, on Protoparmelia badia (apothecia: hymenium and thalline margin; thallus), 13 July 1999, D. H., LE 210281. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Chukotka (Karatygin et al., 1999). SPHAERELLOTHECIUM MINUTUM Hafellner Srednii Is., 661705 N, 334217 E, elev. 3 m, coastal cliffs, 2 July 1999, D. H.; same locality, 2 July 1997, D. H.; same locality, rock outcrops, June 1993, M. Zelenskaya, LE 210290. Cheremshikha Is., 6618 N, 3354 E, elev. 25 m, rock outcrops, 28 June 1999, D. H.; same locality, elev. 9 m, rock outcrops, 14 July 1999, D. H. All specimens grew on Sphaerophorus fragilis (thallus). Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Franz Josef Land (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.); Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko, 1998; Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Putorana Plateau (Zhurbenko & Hafellner, 1999); Altai (Zhurbenko & Davydov, 2000). *STIGMIDIUM CF. MITCHELLII Roux & Bricaud Medyanka Is., 6618 N, 3351 E, elev. 5 m, open tundra-like vegetation (luda), on Pannaria pezizoides (thallus and hymenium of apothecia), 11 July 2000, D. H. STIGMIDIUM PELTIDEAE (Vain.) R.Sant. Srednii Is., 66170 N, 333955 E, elev. 3 m, rock outcrops, on Peltigera venosa (thallus), 29 June 1999, D. H., LE 210270. Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Franz Josef Land (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.); Taimyr Peninsula

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(Zhurbenko, 1998; Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Altai (Zhurbenko & Davydov, 2000); Chukotka (Karatygin et al., 1999). *STIGMIDIUM PUMILUM (Lettau) Matzer & Hafellner Gorelyi Is., 661743 N, 333801 E, elev. 5 m, rock outcrops, 4 July 1998, D. H., LE 210282. Srednii Is., 66170 N, 333955 E, elev. 3 m, rock outcrops, 29 June 1999, D. H. Both specimens grew on Physcia caesia (thallus). Known distribution in Russia: Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.). STIGMIDIUM SOLORINARIUM (Vain.) D.Hawksw. Coast of Chupa Bay near Cherlivoe Lake, 661728 N, 333317 E, elev. 10 m, on Solorina saccata (thallus), 26 July 2001, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Murmansk Region (Zhurbenko, 2001); Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Northern Ural (Zhurbenko, unpubl.); Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Chukotka (Karatygin et al., 1999). TAENIOLELLA BESCHIANA Diederich Medyanka Is., 6618 N, 3351 E, elev. 5 m, open tundra-like vegetation (luda), on Cladonia coccifera (basal and podetial squamules), 11 July 2000, D. H. Known distribution in Russia: Murmansk Region (Zhurbenko, 2001); Karelia Republic: Karelia Keretina; Franz Josef Land (Zhurbenko & Santesson, 1996); Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko, 1998), Tuva (Zhurbenko & Otnyukova, 2001). *XENONECTRIELLA ORNAMENTATA (D.Hawksw.) Rossmann Sosnovets Is., 6613 N, 3355 E, elev. 12 m, rock outcrops, on Peltigera didactyla (decaying thallus), 22 Aug. 1999, D. H., LE 210279. Asci cylindrical, 4-spored. Ascospores fusiform to oval, (0)1-septate, with equal cells, constricted at the septum, 2024.529(37) (7)7.58.59.5(10) m (n=20), wall verruculose. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS D. Himelbrant would like to thank V. Musiykova and I. Zhubr for assistance in the field, as well as the staff of the Marine Biological Station of the St.-Petersburg State University located at

Srednii Is. for giving him good opportunities for field work. The study of M. Zhurbenko has been financially supported by the Federal ScientificTechnical Programme Biodiversity. Those of D. Himelbrant by the Federal Program Integration (grant N K0237). REFERENCES
Anonymous. 1980. Vegetation of the europian part of the USSR (in Russian). Nauka, Leningrad. 429 pp. Anonymous. 1989. Atlas of the Karelian ASSR (in Russian). GUGK, Moscow. 40 pp. Brenner M. 1886. Bidrag till knnedom af Finska vikens vegetation. IV. Hoglands lafvar. Medd. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica 3: 1144. Cajander, A. K. 1906. Suomen kasvio. Helsinki. 763 pp. Christiansen, M. S. 1980. Lichenoconium erodens and some other fungi parasitic on Lecanora conizaeoides. Lichenologist 12: 149154. Diederich, P. 1996. The Lichenicolous Heterobasidiomycetes. Biblioth. Lichenol. 61: 1198. Fadeeva, M. A., Golubkova, N. S., Vitikainen, O. & Ahti, T. 1997. Preliminary list of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Karelia (in Russian). Karelskii nauchnyi tsentr RAN, Petrozavodsk. 100 pp. Hafellner, J. 1989. Studien ber lichenicole Pilze und Flechten VII. ber die neue Gattung Lichenochora (Ascomycetes, Phyllachorales). Nova Hedwigia 48(34): 357370. Hawksworth, D. L. 1981. The lichenocolous Coleomycetes. Bul. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 198. Hawksworth, D. L. 1983. A key to the lichen-forming, parasitic, parasymbiotic and saprophytic fungi occurring on lichens in the British Isles. Lichenologist 15: 144. Hawksworth, D. L. & Santesson, R. 1990. A revision of the lichenicolous fungi previously referred to Phragmonaevia. Biblioth. Lichenol. 38: 121143. Ihlen, P. G. 1998. The lichenicolous fungi on species of the genera Baeomyces, Dibaeis, and Icmadophila in Norway. Lichenologist 30(1): 2757. Karatygin, I. V., Nezdoiminogo, E. L., Novozhilov, Y. K. & Zhurbenko, M. P. 1999. Russian Arctic Fungi. Check-list (in Russian). St.-Petersburg. 212 pp. Lind, J. 1924. Ascomycetes and Fungi imperfecti. Rep. Sci. Res. Norveg. Exped. Novaya Zemlya 1921 (Kristiania) 19: 128. Norrlin J. P. 1876. Flora Kareliae Onegensis. II. Lichenes. Medd. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica 1: 146. Norrlin, J. P. 1878. Symbolae ad floram LadogensiKarelicam. Medd. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica 2: 134. Rossman, A. Y., Samuels, G. J., Rogerson, C. T. & Lowen, R. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1248.

59 Rsnen, V. 1939. Die Flechtenflora der nrdlichen Kstengegend am Laatokka-See. Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool.-Bot. Fenn. Vanamo. 12(1): 1240. Santesson, R. 1993. The lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Sweden and Norway. SBT -frlaget, Lund. 240 pp. Santesson, R. 1994. Fungi lichenicoli exsiccati. Fasc. 7 & 8 (Nos. 151200). Thunbergia 21: 118. Triebel, D. 1989. Lecideicole Ascomyceten. Biblioth. Lichenol. 35: 1278. Tsinzerling, Yu. D. 1934. Geography of plant cover of the north-west of the europian part of the USSR. (in Russian). Trudy Geomorphologicheskogo Instituta (Leningrad). Phisiko-geographicheskaya Series 4: 1377. Vainio E. 1878. Lichenes in viciniis Viburgi observati. Medd. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica 2: 3572. Vainio, E. A. 1883. Adjumenta ad Lichenographiam Lapponiae fennicae atque Fenniae borealis. II. Medd. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica. 10: 1230. Vainio E. A. 1921. Lichenographia Fennica. I. Pyrenolichenes. Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 49(2): 1274. Vainio E. A. 1934. Lichenographia Fennica. IV. Lecideales II. Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 57(2): 1506. Vainio E. A. 1940. Lichenes in insula Kotiluoto lakus Laatokka collecti. Ann. Univ. Turkuensis. Ser. A. 7, 1: 125. Zhurbenko, M. P. 1998. Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the north of Pyasino Lake, Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 32: 153159. Zhurbenko, M. P. 2000. Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the Putorana Reserve. (in Russian). Flora i fauna zapovednikov. Moscow 89: 155. Zhurbenko, M. P. 2001. Lichenicolous fungi from Murmansk region of Russia. Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya 35: 3440. Zhurbenko, M. P. & Davydov, E. A. 2000. Lichenicolous fungi and some lichens from the Russian Altai, southern Siberia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 37: 109118. Zhurbenko, M. P. & Hafellner, J. 1999. Lichenicolous fungi from the Putorana plateau, Siberian Subarctic. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 34: 7179. Zhurbenko, M. P. & Otnyukova, T. N. 2001. Lichenicolous fungi from the Sayan-Tuva Mountains, Southern Siberia, Russia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 38: 7984. Zhurbenko, M. P. & Pospelova, E. B. 2001. Lichenes ac fungi lichenophili in vicinitate lacus Syrutaturku (reservatum Taimyricum, Taimyr Centralis). (in Russian). Novitates Systematicae Plantarum non Vascularium 34: 134139. Zhurbenko, M. P. & Santesson, R. 1996. Lichenicolous fungi from the Russian Arctic. Herzogia 12: 147161.

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 39: 6163 (2002)

NEW ESTONIAN RECORDS Helotiales (Ascomycetes)

Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, Riia Street 181, EE 51014 Tartu, Estonia. Email: ain@zbi.ee 15 species of Helotiales new for Estonia, collected in recent years, have been added to the Mycological Herbarium of Institute of Zoology and Botany (TAA). The species have been identified by the author if not otherwise indicated. CLAUSSENOMYCES PRASINULUS (P. Karst.) Korf & Abawi Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Sinkarka, 5934.2N 2432.2E, on fallen cones of Picea abies, 6 Oct 2001 K. Leenurm (TAA 165957). HYALOPEZIZA CORTICICOLA (Dennis) Raitv. Saaremaa, Viidu, a bog left of the road about 300 m W of Viidu bus stop, 5817.2'N 2206.5E, on small dead sticks of Myrica gale, 28 July 2001 A. Raitviir (TAA 137935). HYMENOSCYPHUS EQUISETINUS (Velen.) Dennis Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Sinkarka, 5934.2N 2432.2E, on dead stems of Equisetum palustre, 1 June 2002 V. Kastanje (TAA 185510). HYMENOSCYPHUS TRANSLUCENS (White) Arendh. Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Sinkarka, 5934.2N 2432.2E, on fallen leaves of Betula sp., 6 Oct 2001 K. Leenurm (TAA 165951). LACHNUM APALUM (Berk. & Broome) Nannf. Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Sinkarka, 5934.2N 2432.2E, on dead leaves of Scirpus sylvaticus, 1 June 2002 V. Kastanje (TAA 185509). LACHNUM CHARRETII Raitv. & G. Garcia Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Mustametsa, 5935.7N 2430.5E, on fallen decaying leaves of Betula sp. and Salix sp. 22 May 2002 B. Kullman (TAA 179851 & 179854). LACHNUM FASCICULARE Velen. Saaremaa, Viidu, a bog left of the road about 300 m W of Viidu bus stop, 5817.2'N 2206.5E, on small dead sticks of Myrica gale, 28 July 2001 A. Raitviir (TAA 137933). LACHNUM cf. SUBAURATUM (Ellis) Raitv. Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Sinkarka, 5934.2N 2432.2E, on fallen leaves of Betula sp. 1 June 2002 B. Kullman (TAA 179860). MICROPEZIZA CORNEA (Berk. & Broome) Nannf. Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Kunilasoo, 5935N 2431E, on dead leaves of Eriophorum sp., 5 Oct 2001 K. Leenurm (TAA 165892). Tartumaa, No Comm., Keeri, 5820N 2631' E, on dead leaves of Carex sp., 1 Nov 2002 A. Raitviir (TAA 182260). MOLLISIA CLAVATA Gremmen Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Mustametsa ots, 5935.7N 2430.5E, on dead stems of Filipendula ulmaria, 31 May 2002 B. Kullman (TAA 179855). MOLLISIA PERPARVULA P. Karst. Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Mustametsa, 5935.7N 2430.5E, on decaying wood of Betula sp., 31 May 2002 B. Kullman (TAA 179858). OMBROPHILA LILACINA (Wulfen: Fr.) P. Karst Tartumaa, Vnnu Comm., in vincinity of Jrvselja Forestry Centre, 5816.1N 2718.1E, on dead wood of a deciduous tree, 27 Aug 1999 K. Leenurm (TAA 165483). PHAEOHELOTIUM NOBILE (Velen.) Dennis Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Sinkarka, 5934.2N 2432.2E, on decaying deciduous wood, 6 Oct 2001 K. Leenurm (TAA 165887). PHAEOHELOTIUM TRABINELLUM (P. Karst.) Dennis Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Suursadam, 5933.8N 2432.5' E, on dead wood of Betula sp. 4 Oct 2001 K. Leenurm (TAA 165888). TAPESIA PRUNORUM (Fr.) Fuckel Harjumaa, Viimsi Comm., Naissaar, Sinkarka, 5934.2N 2432.2E, on decaying wood of Betula sp., 1 June 2002 I. Saar (TAA 182086) & B. Kullman (TAA 179861). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is indebted to the collectors, V. Kastanje, K. Leenurm, B. Kullman and I. Saar, who deposited their collections for identification.

Ain Raitviir

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Pezizales (Ascomycetes)
Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, 181 Riia St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia. E-mail: bellis@zbi.ee CHEILYMENIA AURANTIACO-RUBRA K.S. Thind & S.C. Kaushal Tartumaa Co., No Comm., Travere, on the bank of No brook (5815.5N 2629E), on damp soil where animals have urinated, 6 June 2002 B. Kullman (TAA 179863). Apothecia up to 2 mm in diameter, clustered together in patches, sessile, sub-globose at first later cupulate, orange (peach to apricot), hairy. Hairs superficial, up to 250 16 m, usually 13 septate, pale brown. Asci cylindrical, 180250 1621 m, 8-spored, ascospores oval-ellipsoid (length/width ratio 1.21.3), 14.816.4 11.512.3 m, smooth, eguttulate. Very rare. The second finding in the world. Known before from Chandigarh, India. KOTLABAEA DEFORMIS (P. Karst.) Svrcek Tartumaa Co., lenurme Comm., Trvandi (5619.5N 2641E), on damp soil alongside a forest road, 22 May 2002 B. Kullman (TAA 179844). Ascospores 14.817.2 8.29.8 m. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research was supported by the Estonian Science Foundation grant No. 4989. REFERENCES
Larsen, L. & Knudsen, H. (Eds.) 2000. Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 1. Ascomycetes. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen. 309 pp. Thind, K.S. & Kausal, S.C. 1980. Two new species of Chelymenia (Pezizales) from India. Indian Phytopathol. 33 (3): 427432.

Lichens
Inga Jriado, Tiina Randlane & Lauri Saag

Bellis Kullman

Institute of Botany & Ecology, University of Tartu, 38 Lai St., 51005 Tartu, Estonia. E-mail: jyriado@ut.ee Nine species of lichenized fungi new for Estonia have been identified; their distribution and frequency data are reported here. Abbreviations of distribution regions and of frequency classes in Estonia follow Randlane & Saag (1999). ARTHONIA CINNABARINA (DC.) Wallr. WIs: Saaremaa, Viidume Nature Reserve (5819N 2205E), on dry twigs of Sorbus aucuparia, 28 July 1963, det. T. Randlane & E. Nilson (TU 17 771). Freq.: rr. E OPYRENULA LEUCOPLACA (Wallr.) R. C. Harris NW: Harjumaa, Lahemaa National Park, Nmmeveski (5930N 2547E), on Acer platanoides in broad-leaved klint forest, 28 Aug 2002 I. Jriado, det. I. Jriado (TU); NE: Lne-Virumaa, near Kunda (Lontova) (5931N 2634E), on Fraxinus excelsior and Ulmus glabra in broad-leaved klint forest, 11 Sept 2002 I. Jriado, det. I. Jriado (TU). Freq.: rr. CALOPLACA CRENULATELLA (Nyl.) H. Olivier NE: Jgevamaa, Voore Ecological Station (5842N 2644E), on mortar, 5 July 1991, det. T. Randlane (TU 20 313); WIs: Saaremaa, Kuusnmme Peninsula, Vesikoja (5821N 2156E), on calcareous pebbles, 18 June 1983 T. Randlane, det T. Randlane (TU 17 661). Freq.: rr. CATILLARIA APHANA (Nyl.) Coppins WIs: Saaremaa, Vilsandi Island, near the centre of Vilsandi Nature Reserve (5823N 2152E), on calcareous stones of a wind-mill, 30 May 1981 T. Randlane, det. T. Randlane (TU 9358). Freq.: rr. Earlier identified as Catillaria cryptophila Th. Fr. & Almq. (Randlane & Saag, 1999); the latter taxon is now excluded from the list of Estonian lichens (Randlane et al., 2002). LECANORA FLOTOWIANA Spreng. (selected specimens) NW: Raplamaa, near Eidapere (5842N 2456E), on erratic boulder in meadow, 30 July 1996 I. Jriado, det. I. Jriado (TU

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8964); NE: Lne-Virumaa, near Viru-Nigula (5926N 2642E), on calcareous rocks of old ruins, 21 June 1961 S. Prn, det. I. Jriado (TU 2197); SE: Plvamaa, Kanepi (5759N 2646E), on mortar of church yard, 23 July 1996 I. Jriado, det. I. Jriado (TU); SW: Prnumaa, Eametsa village near Sauga (5826N 2429E), on concrete electricity post in farm, 26 May 1996 I. Pilt, det. I. Jriado (TU); WIs: Hiiumaa, Harilaid Island (West-Estonian Archipelago) (5858N 2305E), on mortar of old ruins, 9 July 2002 I. Jriado and A. Suija, det. I. Jriado (TU). Freq.: st fq. LECANORA SALINA H. Magn. (selected specimens) NW: Lnemaa, Virtsu-Laelatu-Puhtu Landscape Reserve, Puhtu peninsula (5834N 2333E), on granite boulder near seashore, 10 Oct 1986 J. Ptsepp, det. I. Jriado (TU); NE: Harjumaa, Kaberneeme village (5931N 2516E), on granite in seashore, 4 Aug 1995 I. Jriado and T. Randlane, det. I. Jriado (TU); WIs: Saaremaa, Vilsandi National Park, Panga nukk (5824N 2154E), on calcareous cliff, 21 June 1980 T. Randlane, det. I. Jriado (TU 2347). Freq.: st r. LECANORA XANTHOSTOMA Cl. Roux ex Frberg (selected specimens) NW: Harjumaa, Kose (5911N 2510E), on concrete electricity post by roadside, 29 July 1996 I. Jriado, det. I. Jriado (TU); NE: Jrvamaa, Ambla (5912N 2551E), on concrete electricity post in church yard, 29 July 1996 I. Jriado, det. I. Jriado (TU); SE: Vrumaa, VastseRoosa (5735N 2640E), on calcareous rock by roadside, 25 July 1996 I. Jriado, det. I. Jriado (TU); SW: Prnumaa, Vndra

(5839N 2504E), on concrete electricity post by roadside, 30 July 1996 I. Jriado, det. I. Jriado (TU); WIs: Saaremaa, Muhu Island, Koguva village (5836N 2305E), on calcareous rock in stone wall, 13 June 1984 T. Randlane, det. I. Jriado (TU 2165). Freq.: st fq. L EPRARIA ATLANTICA Orange SE: Tartumaa, Laeva forestry, forest square 218 (5829N 2612E), on bark of Pinus sylvestris, 6 July 1999 P. Lhmus, det. L. Saag (TU). Freq.: rr. The specimen contains atranorin, cf. roccellic acid, cf. rangiformic acid and porphyrilic acid (TLC 6012). PERTUSARIA OPHTHALMIZA (Nyl.) Nyl. NE: Ida-Virumaa, Kohtla-Jrve, Rsa (5816N 2705E), mixed forest, on Betula, 28 June 1961 S. Prn, det. T. Randlane (TU); SE, Tartumaa, Krkna Forestry, Murru (5828N 2639E), swamp forest, on Alnus glutinosa, 24 June 1968 A.L. Smermaa, det. T. Randlane (TU). Freq.: rr. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The second author is indebted to Ulrik Schting for consultation concerning Caloplaca. REFERENCES
Randlane, T. & Saag, A. (eds). 1999. Second checklist of lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Estonia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 35: 1-132. Randlane, T., Saag, A. & Suija, A. 2002. Lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Estonia. http: //www.ut.ee/lichens/fce.html.

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Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 39: 65 (2002)

Sylvia Sharnoff Education Award

On the occasion of the 5th International Congress of Lichenology, which will be held in Tartu (Estonia) in August 2004, the International Association for Lichenology (IAL) will introduce and present the Sylvia Sharnoff Education Award. The Award is dedicated to the memory of Sylvia Duran Sharnoff, a remarkable lichen photographer, who conceived of the idea of a colour-illustrated, popularized but scientifically accurate treatment of the lichens of North America and, with her husband, Stephen Sharnoff, produced almost 1000 superb lichen photographs for the book. The award will be given to the best web page devoted to lichens, prepared by a class or a school at pre-university level, in the years 2000 to 2003 (in any language). Any aspect of lichen biology used in an educational program would be acceptable. The selection of the Award winner[s] will be entrusted to an International Committee of three members, including a nonlichenological expert in the field of education, and will involve a pre-screening of the web pages by various national/regional lichenological societies worldwide. The main evaluation criteria will be: aesthetic appeal, clarity, educational impact; lichenological accuracy, useful links, and practicality for the targeted age group. A metadata web page with links to all of the submitted web pages, and a publication devoted to the Award will be forwarded to all participants. A printed selection of the best web pages will constitute the core of an exhibition on Lichens and Education, which will be inaugurated in Tartu in August 2004, and which will then circulate to several other cities and towns elsewhere in the world. To apply, an interested class or school can use a simple form available on-line, with additional information (after January 15, 2003), at: http: //dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/lichens/Sharnoff_ Award Deadline for submissions is December 31, 2003. Pier Luigi Nimis President of the IAL

Sylvia Sharnoffi autasu

Rahvusvaheline Lihhenoloogia Assotsiatsioon (IAL) esitleb ning jagab 2004. a. augustis Tartus toimuval 5-ndal Rahvusvahelisel Lihhenoloogia Kongressil esmakordselt vlja Sylvia Sharnoffi nimelise haridusalase autasu. Nimetatud autasu on phendatud Sylvia Duran Sharnoffi mlestusele, kes oli silmapaistev samblike fotograaf ja Phja-Ameerika samblike teadusliku, vrvifotodega illustreeritud mraja idee algataja. Koos oma abikaasa Stephen Sharnoffiga oli ta selle 2001. a-l ilmunud raamatu illustreerija ja enam kui 1000 suureprase samblikufoto autor. Autasu antakse parimale samblikke ksitlevale veebilehele, mis on koostatud aastatel 20002003 krgharidus-eelsete koolide (ka klasside vi huviringide) poolt kskik millises keeles. Veebilehel vib tutvustada samblike bioloogia igat tahku; materjal ja esitusviis peavad sobima ppets tarvitamiseks. Autasu vitja(d) mrab rahvusvaheline komitee, mis koosneb kolmest liikmest; sh on esindatud ka mittelihhenoloogist haridusekspert. Veebilehtede eelhindamine usaldatakse komitee poolt rahvuslikele vi regionaalsetele lihhenoloogia seltsidele jms hendustele. Hindamise phikriteeriumid on: esteetiline vlimus, arusaadavus, hariduslik mju; lihhenoloogiline tpsus, kasulikud viited, sihtgrupi ea arvestamine. Kigile konkursist osavtjatele edastatakse kokkuvttev veebileht (viidetega kigile esitatud veebilehtedele) ning Sylvia Sharnoffi autasu ksitlev publikatsioon. Parimate veebilehtede valikulised vljatrkid moodustavad phiosa nitusest Samblikud ja haridus, mida esmakordselt tutvustatakse Tartus augustis 2004, ning mis hiljem saadetakse mitmetesse teistesse linnadesse kogu maailmas. Konkursist osavtuks tuleb asjast huvitatud klassil vi koolil tita arvutivrgu vorm, mis on peale 15. jaanuari 2003. a. ktte saadav aadressil http://dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/ lichens/Sharnoff_Award Vistlustde esitamise thtaeg on 31. detsember 2003. a. Pier Luigi Nimis IAL president