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  • Anthelmintics

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    shaitabligan
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    Anthelmintics are drugs that expel parasitic worms and internal parasites from the body by stunning or killing them without harming the host. They work by inhibiting metabolic processes vital to the parasite but not the host, or ensuring the parasite is exposed to higher drug concentrations than host cells. Common anthelmintic drugs include albendazole, ivermectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel. When using anthelmintics, it is important to assess for contraindications, monitor liver function, perform stool tests to identify the parasite, and educate the patient.

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    Anthelmintics are drugs that expel parasitic worms and internal parasites from the body by stunning or killing them without harming the host. They work by inhibiting metabolic processes vital to the parasite but not the host, or ensuring the parasite is exposed to higher drug concentrations than host cells. Common anthelmintic drugs include albendazole, ivermectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel. When using anthelmintics, it is important to assess for contraindications, monitor liver function, perform stool tests to identify the parasite, and educate the patient.

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    213 views8 pages

    Anthelmintics

    Uploaded by

    shaitabligan
    Anthelmintics are drugs that expel parasitic worms and internal parasites from the body by stunning or killing them without harming the host. They work by inhibiting metabolic processes vital to the parasite but not the host, or ensuring the parasite is exposed to higher drug concentrations than host cells. Common anthelmintic drugs include albendazole, ivermectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel. When using anthelmintics, it is important to assess for contraindications, monitor liver function, perform stool tests to identify the parasite, and educate the patient.

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    ANTHELMINTIC DRUG

    Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are group of


    antiparasitic drugs that expel
    parasitic worms and other internal
    parasites from the body by either stunning or

    killing them and without causing significant


    damage to the host.
    They may also be called vermifuges or vermicides
    MECHANISM OF ACTION

    Anthelmintics must be selectively toxic to the parasite. 


    This is usually achieved either by inhibiting metabolic
    processes that are vital to the parasite but not vital to or
    absent in the host, or by inherent pharmacokinetic
    properties of the compound that cause the parasite to be
    exposed to higher concentrations of the anthelmintic
    than are the host cells. 
     While the precise mode of action of many
    anthelmintics is not fully understood, the sites of action
    and biochemical mechanisms of many of them are
    generally known.
    Mechanism of action
    Based on the mechanism of action in parasites;

    a) Drug affecting energy production


    >inhibits of fumarate reductase and
    glucose binding of tubulin in mitochondria
    >inhibits of (mitocondria ) phosphorylation
    >inhibits of glycolysis
    Parasitic helminths must maintain an appropriate feeding
    site, and nematodes and trematodes must actively ingest and
    move food through their digestive tracts to maintain an
    appropriate energy state; this and reproductive processes
    require proper neuromuscular coordination. 

    Parasites must also maintain homeostasis despite host


    immune reactions. The pharmacologic basis of the treatment
    for helminths generally involves interference with the
    integrity of parasite cells, neuromuscular coordination, or
    protective mechanisms against host immunity, which lead to
    starvation, paralysis, and expulsion or digestion of the
    parasite.
    Sample anthelminthics drug

    Generic name Brand name


    -Albendazole -Albenza
    -Ivermectin -Stromectol
    -Praziquantel -Biltricide
    -Antiminth
    -pyrantel -Pin-Ria
    Special consideration
     Assess for cautions and contraindication
    example:
    >known allergy
    > hapatorenal dysfunction
    > pregnancy and lactation
     Perform thorough physical assessment
     Assess liver function
     Obtain culture of stool for ova and parasite to
    determine the infecting worm and established
    proper treatment
     Assess the abdomen to evaluate for any changes
    from baseline related to the infection
     Arrange for appropriate culture and sensitivity
    test
     Educate client on drug therapy to promote
    understanding
     Provide comfort for safety measure if CNS effects
    occur.
     Monitor hepatic function and perform
    ophthalmologist examination before and
    periodically during treament.
    THANK YOU!

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