Relative Pronouns Explained

Relative Pronouns
PESSOAS COISAS
Sujeito Who (= that) That (= which)
Complemento Whom (= that) Which (= that)
Possessivo Whose Whose
 Defining relative clauses – não se pode omitir: é parte integrante da caracterização do sujeito e
define-o.
Ex.: The man is sick. The man’s son died in a car crash. The man whose son died in a car crash is sick.
 Non-defining relative clauses – podem omitir-se sem alterar o sentido da frase. Encontram-se
entre vírgulas. Não podemos omitir “who” ou “which”
Ex.: Andrew lives in Coimbra. Andrew is my cousin. Andrew, who is my cousin, lives in Coimbra.
 Omission of the relative pronoun – por vezes podemos omitir o pronome relativo se este não
for o sujeito do verbo da oração relativa. Whose nunca pode ser omitido.
Ex.: The boy (that) you met yesterday is my best friend.
Exercises
1. Completa com “who” ou “whom”:
a) She is the girl ___________ met me yesterday.
b) She is the girl ___________ I met yesterday.
c) He is the man ___________ I invited to the party.
d) She is the woman ___________ came here last week.
e) He is the policeman ___________ caught the thieves.
f) She is the nurse ___________ looked after me.
g) I am the person ___________ wrote to you.
h) That’s the old woman ___________ the children helped cross the road.
i) The girl ___________ you saw at the door is my sister.
j) That’s the boy with ___________ I normally play.
(repara que, nas construções com “whom”, quase sempre podemos omiti-lo. Excepção feita a “with
whom” que remete para o sujeito da frase).
2. Completa com “who” ou “that”:
a) Have you seen the magazine ___________ came this morning?
b) I know the man ___________ bought the white car.
c) I never buy things ___________ cost a lot of money.
d) Where is the shop ___________ sells stamps?
e) He’s got a radio ___________ doesn’t work.
1
Who – refere-se só a pessoas – é o sujeito da acção relativa. Pode substituir-se por “that” embora não fique
tão bem.
Whom – refere-se só a pessoas – é o complemento do verbo da acção relativa. Pode substituir-se por “that”.
That – Pode referir-se a pessoas, coisas ou animais . Pode desempenhar funções de sujeito ou de
complemento. Deve utilizar-se a seguir a superlativo.
Which – Pode referir-se a pessoas, coisas ou animais . Pode desempenhar funções de sujeito ou de
complemento. Pode substituir-se por “that”.
Whose – Pode referir-se a pessoas, coisas ou animais . Tem sentido de posse. Antecede sempre a palavra a
que se refere. Nunca pode ser substituído por “that” ou “who”.
Where (in + which) – lugar onde

f) Michael is the boy ___________ works at the museum.
g) They live in a house ___________ is very old.
h) He is the best player ___________ has appeared in the last years.
i) People ___________ wear glasses can’t see all too well.
3. Completa com “who” ou “which”:
a) Bob is the boy ___________ is standing.
b) This is the book ___________ was not expensive.
c) Mr. Morrison is the man ___________ lives near Millers.
d) Mr. Green is the postman ___________ delivers our letters.
e) I don’t lIke the house ___________ is near the school.
f) The girl ___________ goes to school with Mary is very short.
g) Everyday I carry a bag___________ is very heavy.
4. Completa com pronomes relativos:
Mr. Gordon ___________ lives near London has a friend with ___________ he goes to work everyday.
In the morning, he goes to the garage ___________ is behind his house and takes out the car
___________ is in it. The friend ___________ he takes in his car is Mr. Smith ___________ has no car.
They work in an office ___________ is in a busy street. When Mr. Gordon arrives at his office, he reads
the letters ___________ he has on his desk and talks to the secretary ___________ works with him.
5. Omite o pronome relativo nas seguintes frases e sempre que possível de acordo com o exemplo:
“That is the film. I saw it last night – That is the film I saw last night.”:
a) That’s the record. I heard it last night.
b) We saw a film. We didn’t like it.
c) That’s the old woman. John brought her home.
d) Those are the people. We invited them for dinner.
6. Sabendo que “whom” não pode ser omitido nem substituído por “that” quando se trata de uma
interrogativa indirecta, insere este relativo quando necessário:
a) The boy ___________ you see sitting over there is my best friend.
b) I wanted to know ___________ he saw dancing with her.
c) They asked her ___________ she had offered the flowers to.
d) That’s the woman ___________ John served yesterday.
7. Elabora frases utilizando pronomes relativos e atenta às preposições existentes. Sempre que
possível, omite o pronome (contact clauses):
a) These are the people. You asked about them.
b) I’ve already visited the pub. You were talking about it.
c) They’ve already read the book. You heard about it.
d) I can guess the name. You are thinking about it.
e) I don’t know the strange boy. My father was talking to him.
f) The party was a bore. We went to it.
g) The girls are coming to tea. You spoke to them.
8. Segue o exemplo na construção de frases: “That’s the man. His car his yellow.”
a) That’s the woman. Her flat is very modern.
b) That’s the man. His son is very famous.
c) That’s the girl. Her eyes are blue.
d) That’s the student. His homework was the best.
e) That’s the gentleman. I’ve rented his shop.
f) That’s the boy. I’ve borrowed his football boots.
9. Completa com “who”, “whose”, “which”, “whom”:
a) We didn’t know ___________ the man was.
b) He lived in a big house ___________ we could see near the river.
2

c) We looked at the man ___________ was making a speech and ___________ we had never
seen before.
d) The gentleman ___________ car is a Rolls Royce, must be rich.
e) He sold the house in ___________ he used to live.
f) The bus had boys and girls ___________ nobody knew in the village.
g) They came on a bus ___________ was a very good one.
10. Completa os exercícios com “who”, “whom”, “whose” ou “where”:
a. What's the name of the man__________________car you borrowed?
b. A cemetery is a place__________________people are buried.
c. A pacifist is a person__________________believes that all wars are wrong.
d. An orphan is a child__________________parents have passed away.
e. The town__________________we spent the holidays was very beautiful.
f. This school is only for children__________________first language is not English.
8. I don't know the name of the woman to__________________I spoke on the phone.
11. Completa o exercício seguinte com os pronomes relativos adequados, escolhendo entre as opções
sugeridas:
1.Carter__________________ (that / who) got married about a year
ago, recently bought a new house.
2. The neighborhood__________________ (that / in which) they have been living is a
somewhat dangerous one.
3. The neighborhood__________________ (that / who) they are moving into is much
safer.
4. Their new house, __________________ (that / which) they bought quite cheaply,
does need some fixing up.
5. However, they will be receiving some help from their neighbors, most of __________________ (who /
whom) they like.
6. The Flintstones__________________ (who / whom) live next door to them, have
volunteered to lend their tools.
7. The Jetsons__________________ (who / whom) live across the street from Jake
and Jessica, have promised to help them put in a new lawn.
8. The Flintstones, __________________ (who / whose) daughter is the same age as
Mackenzie, Jake and Jessica's daughter, are helping Mackenzie make new
friends.
9. Jessica, __________________ (that / who) works for a county hospital, will still have
to commute to work.
10.Jake, __________________ (whom / whose) company is nearby, will be able to walk
to work.
12. Elabora frases utilizando pronomes relativos e atenta às preposições existentes. Sempre que
possível, omite o pronome (contact clauses):
a) These are the glasses. I’ve lost them.
b) He’s got a book. It is full of funny stories.
c) I know a girl. Her father is a famous surgeon.
d) Do you know the man? He lives next door.
e) The man was Bill. He telephoned yesterday.
f) The food is very expensive. He likes it.
g) That’s the ship. We traveled on it.
h) Everything is my fault. It happened.
i) The man was a good mechanic. His house was next to mine.
j) The waitress was very polite. She served us yesterday.
k) She works for a company. It makes computers.
l) He needs a complete change. It would be very good for him.
m) The book is the one I chose. It’s on the counter.
n) The man is sitting in the waiting-room. You were looking for him.
o) She is been in bed all day. It means she’s very ill.
3

p) That’s the type of sport. I know nothing about it.
q) The girl was frightened. She met a stranger inside the house.
r) That boy visits me often. He lives in Lisbon.
s) Mr. Simpson is a good mechanic. His wife is a brain surgeon.
t) I know a lot of people. They are going to the Olympic Games.
u) She got a part-time job at the hospital. This is a good help for the family.
v) The man is a doctor. His car is parked in front of the hospital.
w) The window is now being repaired. It was broken.
x) Do you know the name of the hotel? John is staying there.
y) The speaker didn’t arrive on time. It was a pity.
z) They had to borrow the money to go to London. It was not difficult for them.
aa) What’s the name of the girl? You borrowed her car.
bb) The man is my English teacher. You spoke to him yesterday.
cc) The man told me the party was over. He opened the door.
dd) Where is the painting. It used to hang over the fireplace.
ee) The engineer was away on holiday. I wanted to see him.
ff) The plane is already crowded with people. It will start within a few hours.
gg) A travel agency has booked the hotel. Jim is going to stay in it.
hh) They broke a window to find a way out of the fire. This saved their lives.
ii) The woman talked all the time. I sat next to her on the plane.
jj) The driver won the rally. I saw his racin g car at the exhibition.
kk) What’s the address of the people? Their car disappeared.
ll) I’d like to live in a country. There’s plenty of snow in it.
mm) The couple worked hard to earn their living. Their children were very young.
nn) The boy was only seventeen years old. He worked as a baby-sitter at the Millers’.
oo) The doctor didn’t find anything wrong with her. Jane went to see him.
pp) The lady was about 55 years old. Donald has just married her.
qq) The people were doing their Christmas shopping. The children spoke to them on the street.
4

Relative Pronouns Explained

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (9)

Similar to Relative Pronouns Explained

Similar to Relative Pronouns Explained (20)

More from Carla Ribeiro

More from Carla Ribeiro (14)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Relative Pronouns Explained