3. Birth
Primarysexualcharacteristics
0
11-14
13-15
Secondarysexualcharacteristics
Puberty
Enables human beings to
reproduce. We have
these when we born.
Differentiate men and
women. Changes occur:
Men: -lower voice
- develop muscles
- a lot of facial and
body
hair.
Women: - higher voice
- breasts
- wider hips
- little body hair
Puberty occurs when the
reproductive system
matures. It starts when
pituitary gland sends
hormones to the genital
organs.
When?
4. TAKE CARE
OF YOUR
BODY
Due to
hormonal
changes during
puberty, it is
very important
to pay attention
to your personal
hygiene.
LET´S TALK!
Accepting
changes
during puberty.
5. Answer the following questions:
1.When do secondary sexual characteristics develop?
2. Do men or women have more facial and body hair?
3. What gland sends hormones to the genital organs?
4. Which sexual characteristics do we have when we are born?
6.
7.
8. Internal organs:
-Ovaries: they produce the eggs necessary
for reproduction.
-Fallopian tubes: they connect the ovaries to
the uterus.
-Uterus: it is the organ where the baby
develops during pregnancy.
-Vagina: it is a channel which goes from the
uterus to the outside of the body.
External organs:
The female external genital organs have a
collective name: the vulva.
The vulva includes creases of skin called
labia, the clitoris and the openings to the
vagina and the urethra.
9. Internal genital organs:
-Testicles/ testes: they produce the
sperm cells necessary for reproduction.
-Vas deferens: sperm travels through
this tube to the urethra.
-Urethra: sperm travels through this
passage to the outside of the body.
-Seminal vesicles and prostate gland:
they produce a liquid to feed and
transport sperm.
External genital organs:
-Scrotum: it is a bag of skin which
contains the testicles.
-Penis: the urethra passes through this
organ.
14. Egg cells are the female sex cells. They are
large and round.
Sperm are the male sex cells.
They are very small . From the
beginning of puberty on, about
200 million of these are
producedevery day.
15. From puberty on, one egg
matures and passes through a
Fallopian tube aproximately
every twenty-eight days.
If the egg cell is not fertilised, it
leaves the body through the
vagina. Minor bleeding occurs,
called menstruation or a
period.
16. Fertilisation occurs when
an egg cell and sperm
unite in one of the
Fallopian tubes or in the
uterus.
Zygote: it is the first cell of
the new human being that
has all the DNA of the two
parents.
Embryo: zygote divides
numerous times and forms
an embryo. Then the
embryo is implanted in the
wall of the uterus.
17. The embryo is
protected by a sac
called the amnion,
which fills with liquid
It gives the embryo
nutrients and
oxygen from the
mother.
The embryo is connected
to the placenta by the
umbilical cord.
When the embryo is implanted in the wall of the uterus. It is ready to
develop into a baby. The embryo needs food and oxygen to grow. It also
needs protection.
Foetus: after about eight weeks, when the main structures and organs
have formed, the embroy is called a foetus.
18.
19. Put the following in chronological order:
FOETUS EGG CELL AND SPERM EMBRYO BABY ZYGOTE
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
20. What do you know about it? Find some information.
21.
22. The process of giving birth is called labour.
The involuntary muscles produce contractions in the uterus. The sac
containing the foetus breaks. The liquid around the foetus is expelled.
Dilation: the opening of
the vagina dilates so that
the baby ca come out.
Birth: the baby
leaves the
mother´s body.
Afterbirth: the placenta is expelled.
If the labour is difficult or dangerous for the mother or the baby, doctors perform a
Caesarean section to take the baby from the mother´s uterus.
23. When a baby is born, the umbilical cord is cut.
The mark left is called a belly button.
Newborn babies are about fifty centimetres long
and weigh about three kilograms.
Babies born before term are called
premature.
Premature babies are kept in incubators,
where they can develop and grow stronger.
24. Lactation is the period when babies get their
nourishment from their mother´s milk.
If a mother cannot produce milk, infant formula is used.
It is made from modified cow´s milk or soya milk. Breast
milk is best, but formula provides many neccesary
nutrients.
