ENT 601 ICZN Articles (13-25) Archie.pptx

Advanced Insect Systematics
(ENT-601)
Assignment
On
ICZN Articles 13-25
Department of Entomology
Submitted to:
Dr. Sapna Katna
Dr. Meena Thakur
Submitted by:
Archie Dogra
(H-2021-02-D)
PhD 1st year

International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature

Article 13.
Requirements. To be available, every new name published after 1930 must
satisfy the provisions of Article 11 and must
be accompanied by a description or definition that states in words
characters that are meant to differentiate the taxon
be accompanied by a bibliographic reference to such a published
statement, even if the statement is contained in a work w.r.t. [Art. 8.7])
be proposed expressly as a new replacement name (nomen novum) for
an available name, whether required by any provision of the Code or not
Recommendation 13A. Intent to differentiate. When describing a new
nominal taxon, an author should make clear his or her purpose to
differentiate the taxon by including with it a diagnosis - a summary of the
characters that differentiate the new nominal taxon from related or similar
taxa.
Recommendation 13B. Language. Authors should publish diagnoses of
new taxa in languages widely used internationally in zoology. The
diagnoses should also be given in languages used in the regions relevant
to the taxa diagnosed.

Family group names : To be available, every new family-group name
published after 1930 must satisfy the provisions of Article 13.1 and must
be formed from an available genus-group name then used as valid by the
author in the family-group taxon [Arts. 11.7.1.1, 29]
Genus-group names. To be available, every new genus-group name
published after 1930 (except those proposed for collective groups or
ichnotaxa) must, in addition to satisfying the provisions of Article 13.1,
be accompanied by the fixation of a type species in the original
publication [Art. 68] or be expressly proposed as a new replacement
name (nomen novum) [Art. 67.8]
If the name of a genus-group taxon established before 1931 is replaced
by a new replacement name (nomen novum) after 1930, the type species
of the nominal taxon must then be designated, if one has not already
been fixed.
A name published at any time for a collective group [Art. 66] need not
be accompanied by a type species fixation, since collective groups have
no type species [Art. 42.3.1].
A name published for an ichnotaxon at the genus-group level before
2000 need not be accompanied by a type species fixation; but if such a
name is replaced after 1999 by a new replacement name (nomen novum)
a type species must then be designated, if one has not already been
fixed [Art. 66.1].

Combined description of new genus-group taxon and new species. The
combined description or definition of a new nominal genus or subgenus and a
single included new nominal species, if marked by "gen. nov., sp. nov." or an
equivalent expression, is deemed to confer availability on each name under
Article 13.1.1 (a species-group taxon so described after 1999 must also satisfy
the conditions of Article 16.4).
Combined description of new family-group taxon and new genus. The
combined description or definition of a new nominal family-group taxon and a
single new nominal genus of which the name provides the basis for the new
family-group name [Art. 11.5] is deemed to confer availability on each name
under Article 13.1.1, but for such names published after 1930 availability is not
conferred on either name unless a type species is fixed for the new nominal
genus [Arts. 13.2 and 13.3].
Recommendation 13C. Individual descriptions and definitions. Authors are urged
to avoid publishing combined descriptions and definitions. Each new nominal
taxon should be differentiated from other taxa at the same rank.
Exclusions.
 A name proposed after 1930 cannot be made available by the methods of
"indication" listed in Article 12.2.2, 12.2.4 (but see Article 13.2.1), 12.2.5 and
12.2.7.
 A name proposed after 1930 which is based on the work of an extant animal is
excluded from zoological nomenclature [Art. 1.3.6].

Article 14.
Anonymous authorship of names and nomenclatural acts. A new name or
nomenclatural act published after 1950 with anonymous authorship [Art.
50.1] is not thereby made available; such publication before 1951 does not
prevent availability. This Article does not apply to nomenclatural acts
published by the Commission.
Names and nomenclatural acts published after 1960.
Conditional proposal. A new name or nomenclatural act proposed
conditionally and published after 1960 is not thereby made available. A new
name or nomenclatural act proposed conditionally and published before
1961 may be available (for Articles concerning type fixation see Articles
67.2.5 and 67.5.3; for species-group names first published at the same time
as conditionally proposed generic names see Articles 11.9.3.6 and 51.3.3,
and for those published in tentative combinations see Article 11.9.3.4).
Names published after 1960 with the term "variety" or "form" excluded. A
new name published after 1960 expressly as the name of a "variety" or
"form" is deemed to be infrasubspecific and as such is not regulated by
the Code [Art. 1.1.1] and is excluded from its provisions [Arts. 1.3.4, 45.6.3].
Article 15.

All names: intention of authors to establish new nominal taxa to be explicit.
Every new name published after 1999, including new replacement names
(nomina nova), must be explicitly indicated as intentionally new.
Recommendation 16A. Means of explicitly indicating names as intentionally
new
 To avoid uncertainty about their intentions, authors proposing new names
(nomina nova), including new replacement names, are advised to make
their intentions explicit / clear by using in headings, or at first use of new
names in proposals, appropriate abbreviations of Latin terms such as
"fam. nov.", "g. nov.", "sp. nov.", "ssp. nov.", or some strictly equivalent
expression such as "new family", "new genus", "new species", "new
subspecies", "n. fam.", "n. g.", "n. sp.", "n. ssp.", "nomen novum".
 The abbreviation "nom. nov." should only be used to indicate a new
replacement name.
 The term "stat. nov." should not be used.
 But when it has been used to indicate that the former name of an
infrasubspecific entity is being applied to a species or subspecies an
author should accept that this explicitly indicated its user's intention to
establish the former name of the infrasubspecific entity as a new name
(see Article 45.5.1).
ARTICLE 16.

16.2. Family-group names: type genus to be cited.
 In addition to satisfying the provisions of Articles 13-15, a new
familygroup name published after 1999 must be accompanied by citation
of the name of the type genus (i.e. the name from which the family-group
name is formed).
 Recommendation 16B. To avoid ambiguity with possible homonyms and
similar names, authors are advised, when citing the name of the type
genus, to cite its authorship and date of publication and also a
bibliographic reference to the work in which it was established.
 16.3. Genus-group names: ichnotaxa and collective groups. For names
proposed for ichnotaxa see Article 13.3.3; for names proposed for
collective groups see Article 13.3.2.
 16.4. Species-group names: fixation of name-bearing types to be explicit.
Every new specific and subspecific name published after 1999, except a
new replacement name (a nomen novum), for which the name-bearing
type of the nominal taxon it denotes is fixed automatically [Art. 72.7],
must be accompanied in the original publication.
 16.4.1. by the explicit fixation of a holotype, or syntypes, for the nominal
taxon [Arts. 72.2, 72.3, 73.1.1, 73.2 and Recs. 73A and 73C], and,
 16.4.2. where the holotype or syntypes are extant specimens, by a
statement of intent that they will be (or are) deposited in a collection and
a statement indicating the name and location of that collection (see
Recommendation 16C).

Recommendation 16C. Preservation and deposition of type
specimens.
Recognizing that name-bearing types are international standards of
reference (see Article 72.10) authors should deposit type specimens in
an institution that maintains a research collection, with proper
facilities for preserving them and making them accessible for study
(i.e. one which meets the criteria in Recommendation 72F).
Recommendation 16D. Publication of information distinguishing type
specimens.
When providing information to distinguish the type specimen(s) from
other specimens (Article 16.4.1) authors should include information
such as specimen numbers and descriptions of labels (see
Recommendations 73C and 73D for data recommended).
Recommendation 16E. Preference for holotype over syntypes.
Whenever possible, authors should select a holotype rather than
syntypes. Recommendation
16F. Illustrations of type specimens.
Whenever possible a holotype or syntypes should be illustrated,
showing characteristic features of the taxon, in the work in which the
new nominal taxon is established.

Article 17. Names found to denote more than one taxon,
or taxa of hybrid origin, or based on parts or stages of
animals or on unusual specimens.
The availability of a name is not affected even if
 it is found that the original description or name-bearing type
specimen(s) relates to more than one taxon, or to parts of
animals belonging to more than one taxon;
 or it is applied to a taxon known, or later found, to be of hybrid
origin (see also Article 23.8);
 or it is based on only part of an animal, or one sex, or one stage
in the life cycle, or one of several dissimilar generations, or one
morph or caste of a polymorphic species, or a parthenogenetic
form, or a specimen which is an unusual example of the taxon
(for exclusions see Articles 1.3 and 45.6).
ARTICLE 17.

Article 18. Inappropriate and tautonymous names.
The availability of a name is not affected by
inappropriateness or tautonymy [Art. 23.3.7].
Examples.
 Names such as Polyodon, Apus, albus or sinensis are not
to be rejected because of a claim that they denote a
character or distribution not possessed by the taxon.
 Species-group names such as bison in Bison bison and
troglodytes in Troglodytes troglodytes troglodytes are not
to be rejected because of tautonymy.
ARTICLE 18.

Article 19. Status of emendations, incorrect spellings, and
mandatory changes.
19.1. Unjustified emendations and incorrect spellings. An
unjustified emendation of an available name is itself an available
name [Art. 33.2.3], provided that it meets the other requirements for
availability, but an incorrect subsequent spelling is not [Art. 33.3].
19.2. Justified emendations. A justified emendation replaces the
incorrect original spelling and, as a corrected original spelling,
retains the authorship and date of the original name [Arts. 32.2.2,
33.2.2, 50.4];
19.3. Multiple original spellings. Alternative original spellings that
are not adopted by the First Reviser [Art. 24.2] are deemed to be
incorrect original spellings and are not separately available [Art.
32.4].
19.4. Mandatory changes. The availability of a name is not affected
by a mandatory change made under the provisions of Article 34.
ARTICLE 19.

Article 20. Genus-group names ending in -ites, -ytes or -ithes
given to fossils.
 A name formed by adding the suffix -ites, -ytes or -ithes to the
whole or the stem of an available name of a genus-group taxon, and
applied to fossils to distinguish them from extant members of that
taxon, without clear evidence of intent to establish a new genus-
group taxon, is available only for the purposes of the Principle of
Homonymy.
 Such a name cannot be used as the valid name of a taxon [Art. 23.1]
or as the basis of a family-group name [Art. 11.7.1.4].
Example.
 The generic names Pectinites and Tellinites Schlotheim, 1813, used
to denote fossil shells thought to belong to the genera Pecten
Müller, 1776 and Tellina Linnaeus, 1758, are available only for the
purposes of the Principle of Homonymy.
 However, names proposed for genus-group taxa of fossils (such as
Pentacrinites Blumenbach, 1804) and not merely to indicate fossil
members of genera of extant animals are not affected by this Article
and may be available
ARTICLE 20.

Article 21. Determination of date.
 Date to be adopted - the date to be adopted as the date of publication of
a work and of a contained name or nomenclatural act is to be
determined in accordance with the following provisions.
 Date specified. The date of publication specified in a work is to be
adopted as correct in the absence of evidence to the contrary.
 Date incompletely specified. If the day of publication is not specified in a
work, the earliest day on which the work is demonstrated to be in
existence as a published work is to be adopted as the date of
publication, but in the absence of such evidence the date to be adopted
is • the last day of the month, when month and year, but not day, are
specified or demonstrated, or • the last day of the year when only the
year is specified or demonstrated.
 Date incorrect. If the date of publication specified in a work is found to
be incorrect, the earliest day on which the work is demonstrated to be in
existence as a published work is to be adopted. In the absence of
evidence as to day, the provisions of Article 21.3 apply.
 Dates of work issued in parts. If parts of a work were published on
different days, the date of publication of each part is to be separately
determined.
ARTICLE 21.

 Range of dates.
If the date of publication specified in a work is a range of dates,
the work is to be dated from the final day of the range; however,
if evidence demonstrates that the date so determined is incorrect
or that the work was issued in parts, the date or dates of
publication are to be determined according to the relevant
provisions of Articles 21.3-21.5. [amended]
 Date not specified.
If the date of publication is not specified in a work, the earliest
day on which the work, or a part of it, is demonstrated to be in
existence as a published work is to be adopted as the date of
publication of the work or of that part. In the absence of evidence
as to day, the provisions of Article 21.3 apply.
 Advance distribution of separates and preprints.
Before 2000, an author who distributed separates in advance of
the specified date of publication of the work in which the material
is published thereby advanced the date of publication. The
advance issue of separates after 1999 does not do so, whereas
preprints, clearly imprinted with their own date of publication,
may be published works from the date of their issue (see
Glossary: "separate", "preprint"). (amendment)

 Advance distribution of separates or preprints affects date
of publication as specified by the following criteria:
Before 2000, an author who distributed separates in advance of
the specified date of publication of the work in which the material
was published thereby advanced the date of publication.
The advance issue of separates after 1999 does not advance the
date of publication, whereas preprints on paper, unambiguously
imprinted with their own date of publication, are published works
from the date of their issue, if they fulfil the criteria for
publication in Article 8 and are not excluded by Article 9.
Some works are accessible online in preliminary versions before
the publication date of the final version. Such advance electronic
access does not advance the date of publication of a work, as
preliminary versions are not published (Article 9.9).
 Works issued on paper and electronically.
A name or nomenclatural act published in a work issued in both
print and electronic editions takes its date of publication from
the edition that first fulfilled the criteria of publication of Article 8
and is not excluded by Article 9.

Recommendation 21A.
 Publication on other than specified date. An author, editor or
publisher should not publish, permit to be published, or
distribute a work, in whole or in part, for the first time other than
on the specified date of publication. An author who receives
separates in advance of the specified date of publication should
not distribute them until he or she is certain that the work has
been published.
Recommendation 21B.
 Simultaneous publication of relevant data. An editor or publisher
should require that all matter submitted by an author and
affecting the availability of a new scientific name, including type
fixation, be published in the same work and on the same day
[Recommendation 10A]. 21C.
 Specification of date. An editor or publisher should state the day
of publication of a work, and of each component part of a serial
publication, and of any work issued in parts. In a volume made
up of parts brought out separately, the day of publication of each
part, and the exact pages, plates, maps, etc. that constitute it,
should be specified.

Recommendation 21D.
 Retention of information on date. A librarian should not
remove, or allow to be removed by a binder, the cover or
pages bearing information relevant to the date of publication,
the contents of the work or its parts, or the day or dates of
receipt by the library.
Recommendation 21E.
 Bibliographic information on separates and preprints. An
author, editor or publisher should ensure that a separate
contains a complete bibliographic citation of the original work
(including its date of publication) and has the same
pagination as that work. Preprints, incorporating their own
date of publication, should be identified clearly as such.
Recommendation 21F.
 Correction of date. If an author of a new scientific name or
other nomenclatural act is aware that the date specified in the
work containing it is incorrect or incomplete, he or she should
publish a correction in some suitable manner

Article 22. Citation of date. When cited, the date of publication of
a name follows the name of the author (see Article 51).
Recommendation 22A.
Citation.
22A.1. Citation of date. It is strongly recommended that the date
of publication (and the authorship; see Article 50) of a name be
cited at least once in a work which deals with a taxon. This is
particularly important for homonyms and for species-group
names not in their original combinations.
22A.2. Method of citation. In citing the date of publication of a
name, an author
22A.2.1. should not interpose more than a comma between the
name of the author and the date;
22A.2.2. if the actual date of publication is different from the date
specified in the work (imprint date), should cite the actual date
of publication; except that
ARTICLE 22.

22A.2.3.
if wishing to cite both the actual and the imprint dates, should first cite
the actual date (cited as above), followed by the imprint date for
information and enclosed in parentheses or other brackets and quotation
marks; for a different use of parentheses for the dates of family-group
replacement names maintained under Article 40.2.1, see
Recommendation 40A.
 Examples. Ctenotus alacer Storr, 1970 ("1969"), or Ctenotus alacer Storr, 1970
["1969"], or Ctenotus alacer Storr, 1970 (imprint 1969), or Ctenotus alacer
Storr, 1970 (not 1969), was established in a work which, although published in
1970, carried an imprint date of 1969; Anomalopus truncatus (Peters, 1876
["1877"]) was established in a different genus from Anomalopus in a work
which, although published in 1876, carried an imprint date of 1877.
22A.3. Date in a changed combination.
When the original date of publication of a species-group name is cited
with the name in a changed combination, the date should be enclosed
within the same parentheses as the name of the original author [Art.
51.3].
 Example. Limax ater Linnaeus, 1758 should be cited as Arion ater
(Linnaeus, 1758) when the species is included in the genus Arion.

Article 23. Principle of Priority
 Statement of the Principle of Priority.
The valid name of a taxon is the oldest available name applied to it,
unless that name has been invalidated or another name is given
precedence by any provision of the Code or by any ruling of the
Commission • For this reason priority applies to --- the validity of
synonyms, --- the relative precedence of homonyms --- the correctness
or otherwise of spelling --- the validity of nomenclatural acts (e.g. under
the Principle of the First Reviser and the fixation of name-bearing types)
 Purpose : the Principle of Priority is to be used to promote stability
and it is not intended to be used to upset a long-accepted name in its
accustomed meaning by the introduction of a name that is its senior
synonym or homonym
 Priority of the name of a nominal taxon is not affected by elevation
or reduction in rank of the taxon within the family group, genus group
or species group
 The Principle of Priority applies even if : - any part of an animal is
named before the whole animal, or - two or more generations, forms,
stages, or sexes of a species are named as different nominal taxa
ARTICLE 23.

 The Principle of Priority applies to interpolated specific names
added in parenthesis after a genus-group name to denote
aggregates of species or interpolated in parenthesis between
specific and subspecific names to denote aggregates of
subspecies
 The Principle of Priority does not apply to names applied to
infrasubspecific entities, since they are excluded from
zoological nomenclature
 The Principle of Priority requires that if a name in use for a
taxon is found to be unavailable or invalid it must be replaced
by the next oldest available name from among its synonyms
 An available name valid according to the Principle of Priority
is not to be rejected, even by its author(s), for a reason such as
its inappropriateness or tautonymy, or incorrect spelling
 Application of strict priority desired. If an author wishes to
replace a name in prevailing usage by its older synonym when
the conditions of Article 23. are met, he or she must apply to the
Commission for a ruling under the plenary power [Art. 81].
Drawback – due to this law – even the names, poorly and
incompletely described originally, become valid in being oldest

Article 24. Precedence between simultaneously published
names, spellings or acts
When homonyms or synonyms are established
simultaneously, but proposed at different ranks, in the family
group, genus group or species group the name proposed at
higher rank takes precedence
Determination by the First Reviser : When the precedence
between names or nomenclatural acts cannot be objectively
determined, the precedence is fixed by the action of the first
author citing in a published work those names or acts and
selecting from them; this author is termed the "First Reviser”
Recommendation 24A.
Action of First Reviser. In acting as First Reviser in the
meaning of this Article, an author should select the name,
spelling or nomenclatural act that will best serve stability and
universality of nomenclature.
ARTICLE 24.

Article 25. Formation and treatment of names.
A scientific name must be formed and treated in accordance with the relevant
provisions of Article 11 and Articles 26 to 34.
 Recommendation 25A. Abbreviations.
On first mention of a scientific name in a published work all components should
be printed in full. Subsequently, if an abbreviation is used for any part of a
binomen or a trinomen, the abbreviation should be unambiguous and it should
always be followed by a full stop (period) to avoid it being thought to be a
complete word.
Example. The mosquito name Aedes aegypti should be so printed on first mention, but
subsequently may be given as A. aegypti (and A. a. aegypti for Aedes aegypti aegypti) but
in a case where confusion is likely (e.g. with Anopheles), Aedes aegypti might be
abbreviated to Ae. aegypti (and An. maculipennis used without ambiguity for a species of
Anopheles)
 Recommendation 25B. Derivation.
In publishing a new scientific name an author should state its derivation.
 Recommendation 25C. Responsibility of authors forming new names.
Authors should exercise reasonable care and consideration in forming new
names to ensure that they are chosen with their subsequent users in mind and
that, as far as possible, they are appropriate, compact, euphonious, memorable,
and do not cause offence.
ARTICLE 25.
CHAPTER 7: FORMATION AND TREATMENT OF NAME

ENT 601 ICZN Articles (13-25) Archie.pptx

ENT 601 ICZN Articles (13-25) Archie.pptx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Harman Singh

More from Harman Singh (6)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

ENT 601 ICZN Articles (13-25) Archie.pptx