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Cycliophores invertebrates
- 1. Phylum Cycliophora - Microscopic marine invertebrates - Possible 3 species are known - Discovered recently in 1995 by Danish scientists Reinhardt Kristensen and Peter Funch - Kristensen credited for discovery of other phylums, Loricifera (1983) and Micrognathozoa (2000)
- 2. General Body Form • Multicellular • Bilateral Symmetry • Acoelomate • Protostomes • Microscopic • Only hundreds of micrometers in length
- 3. General Body Form • Mircovillous cellular epidermis • Well defined cuticle – Secreted by epidermis • Individual muscles, not sheaths • Brain – Location unknown – Nervous system not well understood
- 4. • Found living commensally on the setae of the mouth parts of lobsters. • Found on maxillae and maxillipads • Mouthparts can have thousands of individuals • Filter feed on the leftovers of host. • Symbion americanus found on the American lobster -Commercially important species of lobster • Not presently described species found on the European lobster
- 6. Multiple Life Stages • Feeding Sessile Stage – Asexual or sexual • Multiple Motile Larval stages – Pandora larva – Chordoid larva – Prometheus larva
- 7. Feeding Sessile Stage • Circular buccal funnel -Ciliated for feeding on bacteria and food particles. • U-shaped Gut • Anus located outside of feed apparatus • Attaches to mouthparts with adhesive disc and stalk
- 9. Asexual Inner Budding • Loses buccal funnel and digestive tract • New bud arises from embryonic cells producing only a new buccal funnel and digestive tract • Process repeated multiple times
- 10. Asexual Reproduction • Pandora larva is formed much the same way as asexual inner budding • Free-swimming larva settle close to parent individual to form new feeding stage. – Allows for quick replication over mouthparts
- 12. Sexual Reproduction • Primary male (Prometheus larva) or female housed inside the body of the feeding stage. • Primary male hatches and settles on a feeding stage. • Primary male lacks penis or testis therefore forms secondary male itself with penis and spermatozoa.
- 13. Sexual Reproduction • Secondary male swims to another feeding stage with female. • Fertilization occurs inside female with oocyte. • Female releases from feeding stage and settles close by.
- 14. Sexual Reproduction • Chordoid larva forms inside settled female. – Chordoid larva has stacked muscle cells • Larva ingests entire female and hatches – Good swimmer • Represents dispersal stage • Larva settles on new host and forms a new feeding stage.