Guidance and counseling for sped

Guidance and
counseling for sped
SPED 9
Prepared by: Lobelia Abellanosa

Meaning and nature of
guidance
O Guidance is viewed as a helping
relationship between a counselor and a
counselee. The helping relationship is
aimed to meet the needs od the
counselee. It is further mean to enable the
counselee to assume responsibility for
himself, make his own decisions based on
alternatives and approaches.

Meaning and nature of
guidance
O Counselors do not solve the counselee’s
problems. They assist and support
counselees so they can come to terms
with their problems by exploration,
understanding and constructive action.
The helping relationship benefits the
counselee through a mutual learning
process between the counselee and one
or more other persons.

How is guidance defined by
different authorities?
Different authorities present their own
definitions of the term guidance. Here are
some of the many definitions of guidance:

O Guidance is defined based on the
personal observation practiced by others
who extend help to people meet their
needs.
O Guidance is associated with the
vocational aspect of this special form of
vocational choices, vocational placement,
and adjustment (Frank Parsons)
O Guidance is a system of organized phase
of the educational process (Lefever et.al.)

O Jones stresses that guidance personally
assists someone solve his problems. The
focus of guidance is not on the problem
itself but on the person.
O Bennett defines guidance as a process
given by someone to an individual to
determine his personality assets and
liabilities, existing conditions,
requirements and opportunities available.

Meaning of Counseling
O Counseling is part of helping the
relationship. Both counselor and
counselee are always engaged in mutual
communication. The counselor has the
expertise, while the counselee has his
problems and concerns.

What is the difference of
guidance from counseling?
O Guidance means help or advice that tells
you what to do;
O While counseling means advice and
support that is given to people to help
them deal with problems, important
decisions, etc.
O Generally, both terms compliments each
other. They always go together in parallel
and are essential to one another.

How is counseling defined by
O According to Dinkmeyer (1966), it is a
personal relationship between
professionally trained counselor and
someone who aims to assist him to
communicate and meet his immediate
needs and problems.
O According to Glanz (1955), it is an open-
ended face-to-face problem solving
situation, within which the student, with
professional assistance can focus and
begin to solve problems.

What are the types of
Counseling?
There are 3 types given by Kapunan, R.
(1974):
1. Directive or clinical counseling
This type of counseling allows the counselor
to give the counselee information about
himself, his opportunities, his problems.
The steps involved in directive counseling
as listed by Williamson are as follows:

a) Analysis- this involves collecting data,
summarizing and organizing.
b) Diagnosis- the counselor formulates
hypothesis, makes conclusions about the
causes and characteristics of the problem.
c) Prognosis- this refer to the prediction made
by the counselor on the clients’ future
developments of the problem.
d) Counseling- here, the counselee talks and
discusses the problem with the client by
means of “leads”. The counselee is helped
to develop insight.
e) Follow-up- the counselor assists the
counselee with new recurring problems. This
may be due to a “relapse” that might have
occurred.

Assignment no. 1
O Discuss the aims of guidance.
O Give your own definition of “GUIDANCE” and
“COUNSELING”
O Explain how guidance is more than “teaching
the learners”
O Describe a person who is “guidance-oriented”
or “guidance-conscious”
(Assignment may be printed or handwritten in a
short bondpaper. Indicate also your subject
schedule, date, and name of teacher)

Types of Counseling
2. Non-directive counseling
This is also known as client-centered
counseling. Rogers, Strang, and Warters
describe this approach as one, which places
the responsibility of the client for exploring
his own problem. The emphasis is not on
the problem but on the individual. Here the
counselor does not provide information.
The steps involved in non-directive
counseling as outilined by Rogers (1961)
are as follows:

a) The client comes in for help and gives his reason
for doing so.
b) The client describes the situation. The counselor
encourages the client to confide to tell all.
c) The counselor helps the client to feel free to talk.
To do this, the counselor shows friendly and
receptive attitude. She neither agrees nor
disagrees. He tries to put himslef in the situation
of the client.
d) The counselor accepts, recognizes and clarifies
both positive and negative feeling
e) The period of release is followed by insights,
which make for growth.
f) Insights are converted to action.

g. Further insights are developed for a
more complete and accurate self-
understanding.
h. A positive action is increased.
i. A relationship with the counselor ends.

Types of Counseling
3. Ecclectic counseling
This is the merging of both directive and
non-directive counseling. The counselor
should be competent and proficient in
incorporating this method so that a happy
medium can be effected. This ecclectic
process is outlined by Thorns.

Ecclectic Processes as outlined by Thorns:
1. Diagnosis of the cause or causes of
maladjustment
2. Planning the modification of the cause or
the causes
3. Securing conditions conductive to
learning
4. Stimulating the client by implied
motivation to develop his resources
5. Proper handling of any problem
subsequent to adjustment

Principles of Counseling
Beck gives the following basic principles in
counseling:
 Counseling is based on the recognition of the
dignity and worth of the individual and on his
right to personal assistance in time of need.
 Counseling is client-centered being concerned
with the optimum development of the whole
person and the fullest realization of his
potentials for individual and social ends.

 Counseling is a continuous, sequential, and
educational process.
 Counseling has a responsibility to society as well
as to the individual.
 Counseling must respect the right of every person
to accept or refuse the services it offers.
 Counseling is oriented around cooperation not
compulsion.
 Counseling implies assistance given by persons in
making wise decisions, plans, interpretations and
adjustment in the critical situation in life.
 Counseling requires a comprehensive study of the
individual in his cultural setting by the use of every
scientific technique available.

 Counseling is focused on helping the
individual realize and actualize his best
self, rather than in solving isolated
problems.
 Counseling to be effective must be
scientifically evaluated.

Characteristics of Counseling
Goals
(S.P.A.M.O.)
1. SPECIFIC- the behavior to be altered should
be explicitly stated and specified definitely
by all concerned
2. PERTINENT- the goal is appropriate to the
problem causing the maladaptive behavior
3. ATTAINABLE- the goal is within reasonable
reach of the client
4. MEASURABLE- the result can be externally
assessed
5. OBSERVABLE- the behavior can be
manifested or observed by another

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