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Gerund and infinitive. natalia soto. esc.45
- 1. Gerund and Infinitive Natalia Soto C.I: 30920459 Esc.45 Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela Ministerio del poder popular para la educación Instituto Universitario Politécnico “Santiago Mariño” Extensión - Valencia
- 2. Gerund Infinitive A gerund is formed by adding “-ing” to the verb. But they are not the “ing” verb forms used in the present or past continuous tense. They look the same, but gerunds are actually verb forms used as nouns. Verb + ing An infinitive is the verb form that has “to” at the beginning. For example, “to do”, “to sleep”, “to love”, and “to create”.
- 3. Grammatical Rules When one verb is followed by another verb, that verb must be in the gerund or the infinitive. Generally, we use the infinitive after some verbs and the gerund after others, but there are some verbs with which we can use either the gerund of the infinitive. Verb Gerund Infinitive Verb Gerund Infinitive afford x continue x x agree x decide x attempt x detest x begin x x enjoy x choose x expect x
- 4. Verb Gerund Infinitive Verb Gerund Infinitive Verb Gerund Infinitive fail X manage x seem x finish X need x start x x Hate X X offer x suggest x Hope X plan x tend x Imagine X prefer x x threate n x Intend X promise x tolerate x Keep x quit x try x x learn x recomm end x underst and x Like X x refuse x want x love x X regret x wish x x
- 5. • I can’t afford to buy a new car. • He began to doubt himself. / He began doubting himself. • They decided to move to Australia in May. • I enjoy listening to music. • She hates studying. / She hates to study. • You love dancing. / You love to dance. • He needed to leave class early because he had an appointment. • She can’t tolerate complaining. • I tried learning English. / I tried to learn English. • My mother could retire, but she keeps working. Examples:
- 6. We can use the gerund or the infinitive as the object, subject or complement of a sentence, but in general it is more common to use the gerund as the subject. Examples: Object: • I like cooking. / I like to cook. • She continued working. / She continued to work. Complement: • The best thing to do when you are sick is to drink a lot of water. • My favorite exercise is swimming. Subject: • Swimming is good exercise. • Drinking and driving is dangerous.
- 7. With some verbs, the meaning of the sentence can change with the use of the gerund or the infinitive. forget, mean, remember, stop… Gerund: • I forgot writing that email.(Meaning: I wrote the email, but I forgot that I wrote it.) Infinitive: • I forgot to write that email.(Meaning: I never wrote the email.) Examples:
- 8. The infinitive is used after adjectives. disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised… • I’m glad to see you. • She was surprised to find the door unlocked. Examples:
- 9. Only the gerund can be used after prepositions. about, against, at, after, before, by, on, without… • He’s good at listening. • I always read before going to bed. • You can’t leave without saying goodbye Examples:
- 10. • What is the advantage of waiting? • I am interested in taking an English class. • His problem finding a new job was his lack of experience. The gerund is used after certain nouns. advantage/disadvantage of, danger of, experience in, interested in, opportunity of, reason for, problem with… Examples:
- 11. to look forward to, to be worth, can’t help, don’t mind, feel like… The gerund is also used after some expressions and phrasal verbs. Examples: • We’re really looking forward to seeing you. • That movie was not worth seeing. • I can’t help falling in love. 7
- 12. Thanks!