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Food Adulterants and Toxicants by Dr. Sookun Rajeev Kumar
- 1. FOOD ADULTERANTS & TOXICANTS Dr. Sookun Rajeev K M.D Dept Of Community Medicine
- 2. What is Adulteration?? Adulteration usually refers to mixing other matter of an inferior and sometimes harmful quality with food or drink intended to be sold. As a result of adulteration, food or drink becomes impure and unfit for human consumption. "Adulteration" is a legal term meaning that a food product fails to meet federal or state standards.
- 5. Examples of Foods & Their Adulterants 1. Turmeric, dals and pulses such as moong or channa Adulterant : Metanil Yellow and Kesari Dal (Added to enhance the yellow colour of a food substance). Harmful effect: it is highly carcinogenic and if consumed over a continuous period of time it can also cause stomach disorders.
- 6. 2. Green chilies, Green peas and other vegetables Adulterant : Malachite Green (To accentuate the bright, glowing green colour of the vegetable).Argemone seeds (used to add bulk and weight)that it is a coloured dye. Harmful effect: Carcinogenic for humans if consumed over a long period of time.
- 8. 3. Mustard seeds and mustard oil Adulterant : Argemone seeds (used to add bulk and weight).Papaya seeds (used to add bulk) Harmful Effect: Cause epidemic dropsy and severe glaucoma. Young children and senior citizens with poor immunity are more susceptible this.
- 9. 4. Paneer, Khoya, Condensed Milk and Milk Adulterant : starch (used to give it thick, rich texture). Harmful effect: is that it is unhygienic, unprocessed water and starch can cause stomach disorders. Starch greatly reduces the nutritional value of the ingredient.
- 11. Melamine and Chinese Milk Supply, 2008
- 12. 5. Ice cream Adulterant: pepperonil, ethylacetate, butraldehyde, ethyl acetate, nitrate, washing powder etc which are not less than poison. Pepper oil is used as a pesticide. Harmful Effect : causes terrible diseases affecting lungs, kidneys and heart.
- 13. 6. Black pepper. Adulterant: Papaya seeds (used to add bulk). Harmful effect: Papaya seeds can cause serious liver problems and stomach disorders.
- 14. 7. Coffee Powder Adulterant: Tamarind seeds, chicory powder. Harmful effect: it can cause diarrhea, stomach disorders, giddiness and severe joint pains
- 15. 8. Adulteration in olive oil
- 16. Law against Food Adulteration The Food Safety and Standards Authority of a country develops science based standards for food and to regulate and monitor the manufacture, processing, storage, distribution, sale and import of food so as to ensure the availability of safe and wholesome food for human consumption. Key Regulations include: A. Packaging and Labeling B. Signage and Customer Notices C. Licensing Registration and Health And Sanitary Permits
- 18. COMMON FOOD RESPECTIVE ADULTERANTS DETECTION TEST Rice wheat flour Stones,Straw, Low grade rice Visual detection Wheat Flour Talc,Chalk powder,Tapioca flour,bran Sprinkle on water, bran floats, wheat sinks Whole pulses & flours, dals Dals-Kesari, Arhar, Bakhla. Dyes-metanil yellow,lead chromate, flours-yellow maize,tapioca, kesari Kesari dal is pointed and wedge shaped Vegetable & Fruits Colouring Agents Milk Water,refined oil,water chestnit flour A drop of milk on a polished vertical surface if pure, either stops or flows slowly,leaving a white trail.Milk adulterated with water flows quickly without a trail
- 19. COMMON FOOD RESPECTIVE ADULTERANTS DETECTION TEST Sugar Chalk Powder, White sand, Semolina Sugar dissolves in water but adulterants wont Honey Invert Sugar, Concentrated sugar colution, Jaggery A cotton wick dipped in honey when lit, will burn, if adulterated, the presence of water will not allow the honey to burn/or causes crackling Vegetable oil Oil-castor, Argemore Ghee Potato/sweet potato,Vanaspati Salt Powdered white stone, Chalk Stir salt in water, chalk makes the solution white
- 20. COMMON FOOD RESPECTIVE ADULTERANTS DETECTION TEST Whole Black Pepper Papaya Seeds Sprinkle on water, papaya seeds float, pepper seeds don’t Turmeric Dyes-lead chromate, Metanil Yellow, Coal Tar, Starch. Yellow Earth. Yellow coloured talc/ Sawdust Chilli Powder Sawdust and colour When put in water,the sawdust will float on the surface and the colour will run.If the sediments at the bottom feel gritty when rubbed, it indicated presence of brick powder Coriander Powder Horse dung powder Immersed in water,the horse dung floats while the coriander powder sinks