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CANDIDIASIS – Clinical
Manifestations and
lab diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis
CONTENTS TO STUDY
• Clinical manifestations of candida
• Lab diagnosis of oral candidiasis
Clinical Manifestations of Candida
Candidiasis
Infectious
diseases
Mucocutaneous
manifestations
Cutaneous
manifestations
Systemic
manifestations
Allergic
diseases
Mucocutaneous Manifestations
Mucocutaneous
manifestations
Oral candidiasis
Angular cheilitis
Oesophagitis
Vulvovaginitis,
Balanitis,
Balanoposthitis
Chronic
mucocutaneous
candidiasis (CMC)
Ocular candidiasis
Cutaneous Manifestations
CutaneousManifestations
Intertrigo
Paronychia and
Onychomycosis
Diaper dermatitis
Candidial
granuloma
Systemic Manifestations
Systemic
manifestations
Urinary tract candidiasis
Candiduria
Endocarditis
Pulmonary candidiasis
Meningitis
Candidemia and Septicemia
Disseminated candidiasis
Arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Endopthalmitis
Nosocomial candidiasis
Allergic Diseases
Allergicdiseases
Candidids
Eczema
Asthma
Gastritis
Lab diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis
Samples
• Whitish patches from mucous membrane of mouth
• Sputum
Method of collection
• Sterile swabs
Direct examination (Microscopy)
• KOH wet mount
• Gram staining ( Presence of yeast cells and pseudohyphae)
• Other stains: PAS and Gomori’s methenamine silver stain
Lab diagnosis continued…
Fungal culture
• Sabouraud Dextrose Agar + Antibiotics ( Cream, Pasty, Smooth colonies in 3-4
days of incubation at 37 C)
• Cornmeal Agar (Characteristic terminal chlamydospores, yeast cells and
pseudohyphae in clusters at 25 C)
• CHROMagar (light green to bluish green colonies)
Germ tube test (Reynold’s-Braude Phenomenon)
• Culture of candida treated with sheep/normal human serum is incubated at 37
C for 2-4 hours
• No constriction seen at the point of attachment to the yeast cell
• Appear in 2 hours for C.albicans
Chlamydospore formation
• Suspected strain of Candida isolates gron on CMA or rice starch agar and
incubated at 25 C
• Formation of large, highly refractile, thick walled, terminal chlamydospores in
2-3 days of incubation
Lab diagnosis continued…
Biochemical tests
• Glucose and Maltose fermented with acid and gas
production, sucrose and lactose not fermented.
• Pale pink coloration in Tetrazolium reduction medium
Typing of Candida strains
• Tests include serotyping and isoenzyme profiling
• RFLP and Southern blotting technique used
Immunodiagnosis
• PCR based tests for candida-DNA detection
• Detection of Candida albican-derived molecules
• ELISA, RIA, CIE, PHA and LPA
Lab diagnosis continued…
Detection of metabolites
• Detection of D-mannose and D-arabinitol in sera by gas
liquid chromatography
• G-test for detection of glucan
Skin tests
• Testing delayed hypersensitivity to candidial antigens
Animal Pathogenicity
• Tests on rabbits and mice for susceptibility to different
candidia species
THANK YOU

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Candidiasis – clinical manifestations and lab diagnosis of oral candidiasis

  • 1. CANDIDIASIS – Clinical Manifestations and lab diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis
  • 2. CONTENTS TO STUDY • Clinical manifestations of candida • Lab diagnosis of oral candidiasis
  • 3. Clinical Manifestations of Candida Candidiasis Infectious diseases Mucocutaneous manifestations Cutaneous manifestations Systemic manifestations Allergic diseases
  • 4. Mucocutaneous Manifestations Mucocutaneous manifestations Oral candidiasis Angular cheilitis Oesophagitis Vulvovaginitis, Balanitis, Balanoposthitis Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) Ocular candidiasis
  • 6. Systemic Manifestations Systemic manifestations Urinary tract candidiasis Candiduria Endocarditis Pulmonary candidiasis Meningitis Candidemia and Septicemia Disseminated candidiasis Arthritis Osteomyelitis Endopthalmitis Nosocomial candidiasis
  • 8. Lab diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis Samples • Whitish patches from mucous membrane of mouth • Sputum Method of collection • Sterile swabs Direct examination (Microscopy) • KOH wet mount • Gram staining ( Presence of yeast cells and pseudohyphae) • Other stains: PAS and Gomori’s methenamine silver stain
  • 9. Lab diagnosis continued… Fungal culture • Sabouraud Dextrose Agar + Antibiotics ( Cream, Pasty, Smooth colonies in 3-4 days of incubation at 37 C) • Cornmeal Agar (Characteristic terminal chlamydospores, yeast cells and pseudohyphae in clusters at 25 C) • CHROMagar (light green to bluish green colonies) Germ tube test (Reynold’s-Braude Phenomenon) • Culture of candida treated with sheep/normal human serum is incubated at 37 C for 2-4 hours • No constriction seen at the point of attachment to the yeast cell • Appear in 2 hours for C.albicans Chlamydospore formation • Suspected strain of Candida isolates gron on CMA or rice starch agar and incubated at 25 C • Formation of large, highly refractile, thick walled, terminal chlamydospores in 2-3 days of incubation
  • 10. Lab diagnosis continued… Biochemical tests • Glucose and Maltose fermented with acid and gas production, sucrose and lactose not fermented. • Pale pink coloration in Tetrazolium reduction medium Typing of Candida strains • Tests include serotyping and isoenzyme profiling • RFLP and Southern blotting technique used Immunodiagnosis • PCR based tests for candida-DNA detection • Detection of Candida albican-derived molecules • ELISA, RIA, CIE, PHA and LPA
  • 11. Lab diagnosis continued… Detection of metabolites • Detection of D-mannose and D-arabinitol in sera by gas liquid chromatography • G-test for detection of glucan Skin tests • Testing delayed hypersensitivity to candidial antigens Animal Pathogenicity • Tests on rabbits and mice for susceptibility to different candidia species