3. • Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, their feathers, or
sometimes as pet.
• The word "poultry" comes from the French/Norman word poule, itself derived from the Latin word pullus,
which means small animal.
• Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of total meat
production worldwide compared to pork at 38%..
• Global broiler meat production rise to 84.6 million tonnes in 2013.The largest producer country is USA,
followed by China and India has 5th rank.
• Poultry is available fresh or frozen, as whole birds or as joints (cuts), bone-in or deboned, seasoned in various
ways, raw or ready to cooked.
• Sixteen billion birds are raised annually for consumption, more than half of these in industrialized, factory-
like production units.
◆POULTRY INTRODUCTION◆
4. Poultry by-product meal (PBM) is a high-protein commodity
used as a major component in some pet foods. It is made from
grinding clean, rendered parts of poultry carcasses and can
contain bones, offal and undeveloped eggs, but only contains
feathers that are unavoidable in the processing of the poultry
parts. Poultry by-product meal quality and composition can
change from one batch to another.
5. ◆BYPRODUCTS OF POULTRY
INDUSTRY ARE-
A.Poultry dressing plant waste(on live weight)
1) Feathers-6%
2)Blood-3.5%
3)Offal-1.Heads-3%
2.Feed-4%
3.Inedible viscera-9%
B.Hathery Waste-infertile eggs,dead in germs,dead embryos,egg
shells,unhatched chicks etc.
C.Egg processing unit waste-unsound eggs&egg shells
D.Poultry manure-Used up deep litter&wet droppings from cage
houses
E. Dead Birds
6. 1.FEATHERS :
A.AS LIVESTOCK FEED- Poultry feathers are hydrolyzed to yield feather
meal in byproduct processing plant at a steam pressure of 30psi for 2
hours with continuous stirring.since feather meal has a poor amino acid
profile,fethers are generally processed with blood.
B.AS BEDDING-soft and fluffy down feathers are used to make comfort
pillows&mattresses.These bedding articles have good resilience&warmth
besides being easy to handle and store
C.AS FERTILIZERS-Feathers are crushed under pressure to yield a good
quality fertilizer.In places where cooking is not cost effective but irrigation
is not a problem feathers are ploughed
7. Feather meal is a byproduct of processing poultry;
it is made from poultry feathers by partially
grinding them under elevated heat and pressure,
and then grinding and drying. Although total
nitrogen levels are fairly high (up to 12%), the
bioavailability of this nitrogen may be low. Feather
meal is used in formulated animal feed and in
organic fertilizer.
Containing up to 12% nitrogen, it is a source of
slow-release, organic, high-nitrogen fertilizer
for organic gardens. It is not water-soluble and
does not make a good liquid fertilizer. It can be
used to:
Increase green leaf growth
Activate compost decomposition
Improve soil structure
8.
9. 2.BLOOD
A.AS LIVESTOCK FEED-Blood collected in the poultry dressing plant can
be processed in a simple cooker to yield dry blood meal with only 9%
moisture.Blood and feather meal has a rich amino acid profile&very
good digestibility.
B.AS FERTILIZERS- Decomposed blood can be simply cooked for
sometime to reduce moisture&used as a fertilizers in the fields.
C.AS FISH BAIT-Blood can also be used as a bait during fishing
operations.
11. 3.POULTRY MANURE
A} AS FERTILIZERS- poultry manure has been traditionally used as a
fertilizer , It's nutrient value depends on litter to manure ratio.In
general dried poultry manure contains-
◆15-18% Moisture
◆25-30% total protein
◆6-8% Uric Acid
◆15-25% Ash
◆3-6% calcium and
◆1.5-2% Phosphorous
●It has good fertilizing value for Crops,Lawn&Gardens
●It also improves the soil structure because of high organic
content.
15. B}AS LIVESTOCK FEED-
●Caged poultry manure can be used as feed for pigs&poultry whereas
deep litter manure has been used as feed for ruminants.
●For This purpose,the manure is spread in the sun for drying to
moisture content of 10% or less.
●If facilities are available,it can be autoclaved at 15 psi pressure for 30
minutes and taken to hot air drier for drying
●Dehydrated Poultry manure has been successfully Incorporated upto
a level of 15% in layer poultry ration
17. ◆REUSES OF EGGSHELLS◆
●Use in compost & organic gardening-
Eggshells can be composted, so there’s no excuse to ever
throw your discarded shells into the rubbish bin! They can
also be used alone, crushed, in organic gardening as a slug
and snail repellent. Whilst keeping pests at bay, the broken
shell will also be adding nutrients to your soil, unlike nasty,
unnatural chemical slug pellets.
18. ◆Use as seedling pots
Being biodegradable, small, and free, eggshells make
excellent seedling pots. Just be careful when you are
potting your seeds, as eggshells are delicate! Make a
small drainage hole in the bottom of each egg, and
store them in an egg box to keep them upright. When
the seedlings are ready to transplant, simply plant the
whole egg shell into a larger pot or the ground.
19. ◆You probably didn’t know this, but chickens can eat
crushed eggshell, and it’s a great source of calcium
for them! Just bake your eggshells, crush them, and
get feeding
◆Create mosaic crafts
Eggshell is the perfect material for creating mosaics,
as it breaks into really interesting shapes. You can
dye your shell various colours, and this can then be
used for all manner of projects – from photo frames,
to pictures on paper, and more.
20.
21. ◆Make ‘chalk’
You can make chalk using just ground eggshells,
hot water, flour, and food colouring. This is
great fun for kids to use on the pavement or
driveway during the warm summer months,
and it’s fun to make too
22. ◆Create a candle holder
This may sound like a crazy idea, but these are such fun to
make and to look at. You simply colour your egg shells with
food colouring (if you want to – you can also leave them
plain), then fill them with a wick and candle wax. Display
them in egg cups, to keep them upright and looking quirky.
