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CROP WEED COMPETITION.pptx
- 1. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES Prayagraj, U.P. DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY Master’s seminar on : CROP WEED COMPETITION SUBMITTED BY: MOVVA THARAKA PID NO: 19MSAGRO136 Dept. of Agronomy
- 2. INTRODUCTION: In the world there are 30,000 weed species, out of these 18,000 species cause damage to the crops. Jethro Tull first coined the coined the term weed in 1931 in the book “Horse Hoeing Husbandry”. It has been estimated that in general weeds cause 5% loss to agricultural production in most developed countries. 10% loss in less developed countries and 25% loss in least developed countries.
- 3. WEED: Weeds are the plants, which grow where they are not wanted. It can also be referred to as plants out of place. (Jethro Tull, 1731) COMPETITION: It is a struggle between two organisms for a limited resource that is essential for growth, water, nutrients, light and space are the major factors for which usually competition.
- 4. TYPES OF COMPETITION: DIRECT: Nutrients Moisture Light & Space INDIRECT: Through exudation and /or production of allelopathic chemicals
- 5. FACTORS AFFECTING CROP WEED COMPETITION: 1) Period of weed growth 2) Weeds/Crop density 3) Plant species effects. a). Weed species b). Crop species and varieties 4) Soil and climatic influence a). Soil fertility b). Soil moisture status 5) Cropping practices a). Time and method of planting crops
- 6. CRITICAL PERIOD OF CROP WEED COMPETITION AND LOSSES IN YIELD Crop Critical period(days) % reduction in grain yield Cereals Transplanted Rice 30-45 15-45 Direct seeded Rice 15-45 15-90 Wheat 30-45 20-40 Maize 15-45 40-60 Bajra 30-45 15-60 Jowar 15-45 15-40
- 7. CRITICAL PERIOD OF CROP WEED COMPETITION AND LOSSES IN YIELD Crop Critical period ( days ) % reduction in grain yield Legumes Green gram 15 -30 25-50 Pigeonpea 15-60 20-40 Cowpea 15-30 15-30 Chick pea 30-60 15-25 Peas 30-45 20-30 Lentil 30-60 20-30 soyabean 20-45 40-60
- 8. CRITICAL PERIOD OF CROP WEED COMPETITION AND LOSSES IN YIELD Crop Critical period (days) % of reduction in grain yield Oil seeds Ground nut 40-60 40-50 Sunflower 30-45 30-60 Castor 30-50 30-35 Mustard 15-40 15-30 Commercial crops Sugarcane 30-120 20-30 Cotton 15-60 40-50 Potato 20-40 30-60
- 9. EFFECTS OF WEEDS: Of the total annual loss of agricultural produce from various pests in India, weeds accounted for 45%, insects 30%, diseases 20% and others 5%. The losses due to weeds depends on a) Type of weed b) Severity of Infestation c) Duration of Infestation d) Competitive ability of the crop plants with weeds e) Climatic conditions which effects growth of the crop and the weed.
- 11. Effect of weed competition on yield and yield components of Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.): (Source: Muhammad et al. 2011) WCC Plant height (cm) No. of branches plant-1 No. of seeds plant-1 Seed yield (Kg ha-1) H.I. (%) Zero competition 118.8 16.25 1030 305.9 8.27 WCC for 40 DAE 117.9 15.0 933.3 298.3 7.81 WCC for 50 DAE 116.60 14.0 702.3 233.5 6.25 WCC for 60 DAE 116.00 13.25 576.3 227.7 6.33 WCC for 70 DAE 112.90 12.75 563.8 222.2 6.24 WCC for 80 DAE 108.20 12.75 560.5 214.3 6.19 Competition throughout the season 107.40 10.75 540.0 201.6 5.83 LSD 1.931 1.372 6.537 4.316 1.144
- 12. Effects of different weed competition periods on plant population, height, branches, yield and yield components of Black seed: (Source: Nadeem et al. 2013) Plant population (m-2) Plant height (cm) No. of branches plant-1 Capsules plant-1 Seeds capsule- 1 Seed yield (Kg ha-1) Weedy check 24.67 76.15 6.85 17.15 70.48 226.89 Weed free 41.32 99.05 15.6 26.13 90.15 1558.15 Competition for 40 DAE 38.10 97.09 14.25 24.71 85.40 1119.15 Competition for 50 DAE 35.67 92.28 13.23 23.88 83.85 907.48 Competition for 60 DAE 35.57 93.59 13.22 23.24 83.98 809.44 Competition for 70 DAE 29.69 85.75 10.63 19.48 75.41 433.11 Competition for 80 DAE 28.57 70.21 10.56 18.58 78.45 409.85 LSD 0.681 2.481 0.951 1.481 2.984 42.485
- 13. (Source: Welday et al. 2018) Weed density, Weed dry weight, Cane yield and Cane yield components of Sugarcane: Treatment Weed density (m-2) Weed dry weight (g - 2) Sprout (%) 0 Tiller number (ha-1) Cane length ( cm) Cane girth (mm) Cane weight (Kgstalk-1) Cane yield (t ha-1) WF-25 DAP 46 132.20 78 81094 149.4 21.95 0.88 60.88 WF-50 DAP 36 102.80 73 137588 178.2 22.26 0.95 92.38 WF-75 DAP 32 82.37 75 184517 192.4 22.53 1.00 122.76 WF-100 DAP 25 35.0 73 200715 203.8 22.68 1.00 13.87 WF-125 DAP 18 11.50 77 237986 210.6 22.73 1.00 147.35 WF-150 DAP 4 2.40 78 255775 209.9 22.93 1.00 153.93 WF (check) 0 0.00 76 258289 214.0 23.41 1.05 160.71 Weedy 25 DAS 34 21.60 77 221353 178.8 22.63 0.95 124.90 Weedy 50 DAS 58 40.47 70 157931 150.9 21.70 0.83 82.20 Weedy 75 DAS 67 73.62 76 128567 154.0 21.55 0.67 57.83 Weedy 100 DAS 61 97.60 77 86602 99.0 21.03 0.53 42.74 Weedy 125 DAS 50 145.93 78 76540 99.4 20.94 0.52 30.67 Weedy 150 DAS 52 186.15 79 35922 93.9 20.56 0.48 20.46 (Weedy check) 42 272.35 74 24286 87.5 20.43 0.47 14.08 CV 21.29 14.26 8.52 17.03 13.87 4.72 14.19 14.74
- 14. CONCLUSION: Competition is the negative interaction between weeds and crops where make simultaneous demands that exceeds limited resources and while both suffer but weeds suffer less. The degree of interference between crop and weeds is determined by limiting resources like water nutrients and lights . Crop yield is therefore the result of it ability to capture available resources throughout the growing season. So crop weed competition indicates competition between crop and weed in natural ecosystem in response to resources struggle for their existence and superiority . However in order to reduce the competition between weeds and crops,the weeds should be removal from the field before the critical period for weed competition is attained.
- 15. REFERENCES: Muhammad Shehzoad, Asif Tanveer , Naeem Sarwar. Effect of weed- crop competition on growth and yield of Garden Cress. 2011.Journal of Medicinal Plants Reasearch 5(26). Nadeem.M.A. and Tanveer.A. Effect of weed-crop competition on growth and Yield of Black Seed.2013.Journal of Plant Sciences23(1) Welday Gebreegziabher,Samuel Tegene.Effect of weed Competition in Sugarcane.2018.Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences 5(6) Rana.S.S. and Chaudhary.D.R. Crop Weed Competition in French Bean.2008.Journal of Agricultural Research34(20)