Definition of Aging
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Sometimes it is hard to define aging because it comprises such a broad spectrum of changes.
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Definition of Aging
- 1. DEFINITION OF AGING FARHAD ZARGARI, MD, PHD
- 3. DEFINITION Entropy always wins. Each multicellular organism, using energy from the sun, is able to develop and maintain its identity for only so long. Then deterioration prevails over synthesis, and the organism ages. Aging can be defined as the time-related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility. The characteristics of aging—as distinguished from diseases of aging (such as cancer and heart disease)—affect all the individuals of a species
- 4. DEFINITION
- 5. DEFINITION Aging is the process of becoming older. It represents the accumulation of changes in a person over time. Ageing in humans refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change. Most developed world countries have accepted the chronological age of 65 years as a definition of 'elderly' or older person.
- 6. DEFINITION 1. The process of growing old, especially by failure of replacement of cells in sufficient number to maintain full functional capacity; particularly affects cells (neurons) incapable of mitotic division. 2. The gradual deterioration of a mature organism resulting from time-dependent, irreversible changes in structure that are intrinsic to the particular species, and eventually lead to decreased ability to cope with the stresses of the environment, thereby increasing the probability of death. 3. In the cardiovascular system, the progressive replacement of functional cell types by fibrous connective tissue. 4. A demographic term, meaning an increase over time
- 7. DEFINITION Aging has been defined as the collection of changes that render human beings progressively more likely to die (Medawar, 1952). Indeed, one hallmark of aging in humans and in many other species is an age-related increase in mortality rates shortly after maturity. Mortality rates, expressed in deaths per 100,000 people, as a function of age for the 2010
- 8. DEFINITION Aging can also be defined as a progressive functional decline, or a gradual deterioration of physiological functions with age, including a decrease in fecundity (Partridge and Mangel, 1999; Lopez-Otin et al., 2013), or the intrinsic, inevitable, and irreversible age-related process of loss of viability and increase in vulnerability (Comfort, 1964). Clearly, human aging is associated with a wide range of physiological changes that not only make us more susceptible to death but limit our normal functions and render us more susceptible to a number of diseases.
- 9. DEFINITION The cells of the elderly (regardless of when they last underwent mitosis) look the same as young cells. However, old cells do not withstand a variety of challenges quite so well as younger cells. Various theories of aging attempt to explain the process - bottom line, there is disruption of homeostasis.
- 10. DEFINITION
- 11. STAGES OF LIFE Chronologic al age typically used to note life’s transitions:
- 12. DEFINITION Chronological Age Biological Age Psychological Age Functional Age Population Age Age
- 13. CHRONOLOGICAL AGE Chronological age is defined as the number of years a person has lived. Years, of course, being Earth revolutions around the sun. This is the one we're all very familiar with. When looking at chronological age, is 45 different than 20? Yes, but that number on its own fails to inform us of anything else. All it says is that they were born 25 years, or Earth-Sun revolutions, apart. In other words “Chronologic age is not an accurate predictor of physical condition or behavior”.
- 14. BIOLOGICAL AGE Biological age (an organism's physical state as it ages) is defined as a description of an individual's development based on biomarkers. A biomarker is a recordable molecular or cellular event. Here we're looking at the individuals as they are, not necessarily when they were born. Humans, in most cases, follow the same biological path. For example, the easiest one that comes to mind is the beginning of puberty and the increase of sex hormones. More complicated ones exist, such as increases and decreases in human growth hormone, myelination events in the brain, and the degradation of certain tissues as one gets older. So, it's like a continuum. What if we aren't interested in the body?
- 15. PSYCHOLOGICAL AGE Psychological age is defined as a subjective description of one's experience using non-physical features. Now we're trying to say how old a person is without markers. We used the Earth's revolutions and biomarkers before, now we have to rely on something that's a little more ephemeral: experience, logic, and emotions. Psychological age has been attempted by many psychologists in the form of stage theories, which are developmental steps that every person goes through. Some of the more famous one's include Freud, Erikson, and Piaget. What they attempt to do is define a person by how they think, act, and reason without worrying as much about your chronological age.
- 16. FUNCTIONAL AGE Functional age is defined as a combination of chronological, biological, and psychological ages. What is happening is instead of focusing on one aspect at a time, we are summarizing them to create a more holistic picture of a person. Functional age would give you the clearest understanding of a person. It is their listed age, how far along their body systems have developed, and a glimpse of their emotional and logical maturity. However, if you haven't guessed it, this type of age is not often used. The requirements to describe someone this thoroughly means that you will need a lot of expert input - test after test after test to give you the clearest understanding of how old the person is.
- 17. POPULATION AGE Population ageing is the increase in the number and proportion of older people in society. Population ageing has three possible causes: migration, longer life expectancy (decreased death rate) and decreased birth rate.
- 18. OLD AGE STAGES Young-Old - (ages 65 - 74) Middle-Old - (ages 75 - 84) Old-Old - (age 85 and older)
- 19. IMPORTANT REMARKS Adulthood is attainment of physiologically optimal integrated function. Function in adulthood is the standard measure. Unsound and incorrect to state that changes with aging are necessarily “abnormal”. Three observations of the elderly: Greater heterogeneity in responses Changes in function do not occur simultaneously Changes in function do not occur to the same degree Old age should not be viewed as a “disease” nor should a time clock be put on aging.
- 20. IMPORTANT REMARKS Significant increase in longevity over past decades. Due to decline in deaths resulting from infectious disease along with improved public health. Heart disease, cancer and stroke now most common cause of death in the old age. Death rates have actually declined in the elderly. Is there a limit to human life span and should we prolong life at the expense of overall health? We should be talking in the context of “health span” not life span.
- 21. SUCCESSFUL AGING homeostasis less efficient, but still present Homeostasis Less Efficient, but Still Present