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Flesch Readability Formula Explained
- 2. Flesch Readability • Rudolph Flesch is an author, writing consultant with the Associated Press who tried to help improve the readability of newspaper. • One of the few accurate measures around that can rely on without too much scrutiny. • Designed to indicate how difficult a reading passage in English is to understand. • Readability test are formulae for evaluating the readability of text, usually by counting the syllables, words and sentences. • Readability is the ease with which a reader can understand a written text. • There are two tests; the Flesch Reading Ease, and the Flesch- Kincaid Grade level.
- 4. Flesch Readability • Reading Ease (1948) is a readability test. The score on the test will tell roughly what level of education someone will need to be able to read a piece of text easily. • It generates a score between 1 and 100 (although it is possible to generate scores below and above this banding). A conversion table is then used to interpret this score. • This test originated from research in the education sector from need for teachers to choose text appropriate to the reading level of their students.
- 5. Flesch Readability RE = Readability Ease ASL = Average Sentence Length (i.e., the number of words divided by the number of sentences) ASW = Average number of syllables per word (i.e., the number of syllables divided by the number of words) THE FLESCH READING EASE READABILITY FORMULA RE =
- 6. Flesch Readability Score School Level Notes 100 - 90 5th grade Very easy to read. Easily understood by an average 11-year- old student. 90 – 80 6th grade Easy to read. Conversational English for consumers. 80 – 70 7th grade Fairly easy to read. 70 – 60 8th & 9th grade Plain English. Easily understood by 13- to 15-year-old students. 60 – 50 10th to 12th grade Fairly difficult to read. 50 – 30 College Difficult to read. 30 – 0 College Graduate Very difficult to read. Best understood by university graduates.
- 7. Flesch Readability The output, i.e., RE is a number ranging from 0 to 100. The higher the number, the easier the text is to read. • Scores between 90.0 and 100.0 are considered easily understandable by an average 5th grader. • Scores between 60.0 and 70.0 are considered easily understood by 8th and 9th graders. • Scores between 0.0 and 30.0 are considered easily understood by college graduates.
- 8. Flesch Readability What is FLESCH – KINcaid Grade formula?
- 9. Flesch Readability • In 1975, the US Navy were looking for a way of measuring the difficulty of technical manuals used by Navy personnel in training. • J. Peter Kincaid is a scientist and educator, trained as a human factors psychologist at Ohio State University and also working as a scientist for the US Military. He then later developed with Rudolph Flesch the said formula for US Navy. • Grade level classifications are based on the attainment of participants in the norming group on which the test was trialled.
- 10. Flesch Readability THE FLESCH – KINCAID GRADE LEVEL FORMULA FK = • The grade represents norming group participants’ typical score. So, if a piece of text has a grade level readability score of 6, this is equivalent in difficulty to the average reading level of the norming group who were at grade 6 when they took the test.
- 11. Flesch Readability The formulas are based on two factors: 1. Sentence length as judged by the average number of words in a sentence 2. Word length as judged by the average number of syllables in a word. • Sentences that contain a lot of words are more difficult to follow than shorter sentences. • Similarly, words that contain a lot of syllables are harder to read than words that use fewer syllables.
- 12. Flesch Readability EXAMPLE: “It was a lackadaisical attempt.” “It was a lazy attempt.” is more difficult to read than
- 13. Flesch Readability Based on the Flesch Reading Ease Formula… Reader’s Digest magazine has a readability index of about 65. Time Magazine scores about 52. An average grade six student's written assignment (age of 12) has a readability index of 60–70.
- 14. Flesch Readability What you might use readability testing for depends on your sector. You may be: • a teacher trying to choose textbooks for your class • a marketer advertising a product • an author editing your novel • a researcher trying to communicate your findings to a non- specialist audience
- 15. Flesch Readability Whatever you are writing, readability scores can give you valuable insights into how easy your text is to understand by your intended reader, in turn, influencing the extent to which people engage with and take on the message you want to communicate.