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Fruiting bodies of Deauteromycetes & Ascomycetes
- 1. By Vaishali S.Patil Professor, Department of Botany, Shri Shivaji College of Arts, Commerce &Science, Akola
- 2. Fruiting bodies of Deauteromycetes Fungi form fruiting bodies and spores that are used in diagnosis of plant disease. Fruiting bodies are fungal structures that contain spores. They come in many sizes, shapes, and colors, all of which aid in identification of the specific fungus. Fungal pathogens often have an imperfect stage (also called an anomorph) and sometimes a perfect stage (teleomorph) as well. The most significant structures in fungal ID are spores, fruiting bodies, and sometimes mycelium.
- 3. 1) Acervulus An acervulus (pl. acervuli) is a small asexual fruiting body that erupts through the epidermis of host plants parasitised by mitosporic fungi of the form order Melanconiales (Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes). It has the form of a small cushion at the bottom of which short crowded conidiophores are formed. The spores escape through an opening at the top.
- 4. Acervulus Acervulus morphology. cu: cuticle, co: conidium, cf: conidiophore, ps: pseudo- parenchymatic stroma, hi: hypha
- 5. 2) Pycnidium A pycnidium (plural pycnidia) is an asexual fruiting body produced by mitosporic fungi in the form order Sphaeropsidales (Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes). It is often spherical or inversely pearshaped (obpyriform) and its internal cavity are lined with conidiophores. When ripe, an opening generally appears at the top, through which the pycnidiospores escape.
- 6. Pycnidium
- 7. 3) Sporodochium A sporodochium (pl. sporodochia)is a small, compact stroma (mass of hyphae) usually formed on host plants parasitised by mitosporic fungi of the form order Tuberculariales (subdivision Deuteromycota, class Hyphomycetes). This stroma bears the conidiophores on which the asexual spores or conidia are formed.
- 8. Sporodochium
- 9. 4) Synnema A synnema (plural synnemata, also coremia; derivation: "Threads together") is a large, erect reproductive structure borne by some fungi, bearing compact conidiophores,which fuse together to form a strand resembling a stalk of wheat, with conidia at the end or on the edges. Fungal genera which bear synnemata include Doratomyces
- 10. Synnema synnema: tightly compacted hyphae bearing conidiospores
- 11. 5) Sclerotium Sclerotium The hard dark resting body of certain fungi, consisting of a mass of hyphal threads, capable of remaining dormant for long periods. Found in Order: Mycelia Sterlia
- 12. Sclerotium
- 13. Fruiting bodies of Ascomycetes Fruiting bodies are multicellular structures, which protect the products of meiosis, the sexual spores. They occur during the sexual life cycle of the Dikarya, a group that encompasses the ascomycetes .
- 14. 1) Gymnothecium- Examples are the Gymnoascus, Talaromyces and the dermatophyte Arthroderma. An ascomycetous fruiting body composed of loosely interwoven hyphae.
- 15. 2) Cleistothecium-Examples- Aspergillaceae and Erysiphaceae) A closed spore-bearing structure in some ascomycetous fungi from which the asci and spores are released only by decay or disintegration
- 16. 3) Apothecium-Example- lichens The fruit of certain lichens and fungi: usually an open, saucer-shaped or cup-shaped body, the inner surface of which is covered with a layer that bears asci.
- 17. Apothecium
- 18. 4) Perithecium- Examples are members of Sphaeriales and Hypocreales.It is also found in Xylaria (Dead Man's Fingers, Candle Snuff), Nectria, Claviceps and Neurospora. In some fungi a round or flask-shaped fruiting body with a pore through which the spores are discharged.
- 19. 5) Pseudothecium An ascocarp resembling a perithecium but whose asci are not regularly organised into a hymenium and are bitunicate, having a double wall which expands when it takes up water and shoots the enclosed spores out suddenly to disperse them.
- 20. Pseudothecium- Examples are members of Sphaeriales and Hypocreales.
- 21. Thank you