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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

512.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Comment. Bot. 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and other recent publications
Species listed in database: 35235; hybrids: 679
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. N. Amer. 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Nebraska Univ. Stud. 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl.: 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg.: 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; J. A. Schenk, Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 498 (1843)
512.8360 Genus Dubautia Gaudich.; Freyc. Voy. Bot. 469. t. 84 (1826)
Distribution: Hawaii
Species listed in database: 26; hybrids: 3
= Railliardia Gaudich.; Freyc. Voy. Bot. 469. t. 83 (1826)
= xRailliautia Sherff; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 135: 136 (1935)
species :
Dubautia arborea (A.Gray) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 28 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
Synonyms: hidden
= Railliardia arborea A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 134 (1861)
species :
Dubautia carrii B.G.Baldwin & Friar; Novon 20(1): 2 (2010), nom. nov.
Distribution: Hawaii (Molokai, West Maui)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia linearis subsp. opposita (Sherff) G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4: 97 (1985)
= Dubautia linearis var. opposita (Sherff) D.D.Keck
= Railliardia linearis var. opposita Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 20: 619 (1933)
species :
Dubautia ciliolata (DC.) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 26 (1936)
subspecies :
subsp. ciliolata
Distribution: Hawaii (Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia ciliolata var. juniperoides (A.Gray) D.D.Keck
= Dubautia ciliolata var. trinervia (Hillebr.) D.D.Keck
= Railliardia ciliolata DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 6: 441 (1838)
= Railliardia ciliolata var. juniperoides A.Gray
= Railliardia ciliolata var. laxifolia A.Gray
= Railliardia ciliolata var. trinervia Hillebr.
subspecies :
subsp. glutinosa G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4(1): 94 (1985)
Distribution: Hawaii (Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
species :
Dubautia hanaulaensis B.G.Baldwin; Novon 20(1): 5 (2010)
Distribution: Hawaii
63 HAW
species :
Dubautia herbstobatae G.D.Carr; Pac. Sci., 33(3): 233 (1979 publ. 1980)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Railliardia herbstobatae (G.D.Carr) H.St.John; Phytologia 49(3): 291 (1981)
species :
Dubautia imbricata H.St.John & G.D.Carr; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 108(2): 198 (1981)
subspecies :
subsp. imbricata
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
subspecies :
subsp. acronaea G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4(1): 76 (1985)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
species :
Dubautia kalalauensis B.G.Baldwin & G.D.Carr; Novon 15(2): 259 (2005)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
species :
Dubautia kenwoodii G.D.Carr; Novon 8(1): 8 (1998)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: extremely rare and endangered
species :
Dubautia knudsenii Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. 223 (1888)
subspecies :
subsp. knudsenii
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
subspecies :
subsp. filiformis G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4(1): 84 (1985)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
subspecies :
subsp. nagatae (H.St.John) G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4(1): 83 (1985)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia nagatae H.St.John; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 106(1): 1 (1979)
species :
Dubautia laevigata A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 135 (1861)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia laevigata var. parvifolia Sherff
= Dubautia plantaginea var. laevigata (A.Gray) H.Mann
= Dubautia ×mendacoides O.Deg. & Sherff; Bot. Leafl. 7: 3 (1952)
species :
Dubautia latifolia (A.Gray) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 26 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Railliardia latifolia A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 132 (1861)
= Railliardia latifolia var. helleri Sherff
species :
Dubautia laxa Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beech. Voy. 87 (1839)
subspecies :
subsp. laxa
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu, Molokai, Maui)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia fauriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 122 (1911)
= Dubautia knudsenii var. degeneri Sherff
= Dubautia laxa f. glabrescens Sherff
= Dubautia laxa var. greenwelliae O.Deg. & Sherff
= Dubautia laxa var. hispida Sherff
= Dubautia laxa var. obovata Sherff
= Raillardia fauriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 122 (1911)
subspecies :
subsp. bryanii (Sherff) G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4(1): 69 (1985)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia laxa var. bryanii Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 20: 617 (1933)
subspecies :
subsp. hirsuta (Hillebr.) G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4(1): 67 (1985)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Lanai)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia laxa var. hirsuta Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 223 (1888)
= Dubautia laxa var. intercedens O.Deg., I.Deg. & Sherff
= Dubautia laxa var. pedicellata Rock
= Dubautia laxa var. skottsbergii Sherff
= Dubautia laxa var. waianensis O.Deg. & Sherff
subspecies :
subsp. pseudoplantaginea (Skottsb.) G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4(1): 69 (1985)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia laxa var. pseudoplantaginea Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 2: 280 (1926)
species :
Dubautia linearis (Gaudich.) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 27 (1936)
subspecies :
subsp. linearis
Distribution: Hawaii (Lanai, Maui)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Railliardia linearis Gaudich.; Freyc. Voy. Bot. 469. t. 83 (1830)
subspecies :
subsp. hillebrandii (H.Mann) G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4(1): 98 (1985)
Distribution: Hawaii (Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia hillebrandii (H.Mann) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 28 (1936)
= Railliardia ciliolata var. leptocephala O.Deg. & Sherff
= Railliardia hillebrandii H.Mann; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 175 (1867)
= Railliardia ×vafra O.Deg. & Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 96: 153 (1934)
species :
Dubautia menziesii (A.Gray) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 28 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (East Maui)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia menziesii var. angustifolia (Sherff) D.D.Keck
= Dubautia rockii (Sherff) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11(19): 28 (1936)
= Dubautia struthioloides (A.Gray) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11(19): 28 (1936)
= Railliardia menziesii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 133 (1861)
= Railliardia menziesii var. angustifolia Sherff
= Railliardia rockii Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 95: 79 (1933)
= Railliardia struthioloides A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 134 (1861)
species :
Dubautia microcephala Skottsb.; Acta Hort. Gothoburg. 2: 277 (1926)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
species :
Dubautia paleata A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 135 (1861)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia ×paludicola Sherff; Bot. Leafl., Chicago, No.7, 3 (1952)
species :
Dubautia pauciflorula H.St.John & G.D.Carr; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 108(2): 202 (1981)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
species :
Dubautia plantaginea Gaudich.; Freyc. Voy. Bot. 468. t. 84 (1830)
subspecies :
subsp. plantaginea
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia plantaginea var. acridentata Sherff
= Dubautia plantaginea var. glandulosa H.St.John
= Dubautia plantaginea var. chamissonis Sherff
= Dubautia plantaginea var. pauoaensis H.St.John
= Dubautia plantaginea var. platyphylla Hillebr.
= Dubautia plantaginea var. platyphylla f.occidentalis Sherff
= Dubautia plantaginea var. strigosa Skottsb.
subspecies :
subsp. humilis G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4(1): 80 (1985)
Distribution: Hawaii (West Maui)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Proposed as Endangered
subspecies :
subsp. magnifolia (Sherff) G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4(1): 80 (1985)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare, USA Status: Candidate
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia magnifolia Sherff; Am. J. Bot. 20: 616 (1933)
species :
Dubautia platyphylla (A.Gray) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 28 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Maui)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia platyphylla var. leptophylla (Sherff) D.D.Keck
= Railliardia platyphylla A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 134 (1861)
= Railliardia platyphylla var. leptophylla Sherff
= Railliardia platyphylla var. trillioidea O.Deg. & Sherff
species :
Dubautia raillardioides Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. 224 (1888)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
species :
Dubautia reticulata (Sherff) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 28 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Maui)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia montana (H.Mann) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 28 (1936)
= Dubautia montana var. longifolia (Sherff) D.D.Keck
= Railliardia montana H.Mann; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 176 (1867)
= Railliardia montana var. longifolia Sherff
= Railliardia reticulata Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 95: 78 (1933)
species :
Dubautia scabra (DC.) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 26 (1936)
subspecies :
subsp. scabra
Distribution: Hawaii (East Maui, Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Railliardia molokaiensis Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 226 (1888)
= Railliardia scabra DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 6: 441 (1838)
= Railliardia scabra var. hispidula A.Gray
subspecies :
subsp. leiophylla (A.Gray) G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4(1): 88 (1985)
Distribution: Hawaii (Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia lonchophylla (Sherff) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 27 (1936)
= Dubautia molokaiensis (Hillebr.) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11: No. 19, 27 (1936)
= Dubautia molokaiensis var. stipitata (Sherff) D.D.Keck
= Dubautia scabra var. leiophylla (A.Gray) D.D.Keck
= Dubautia scabra var. munroi (Sherff) D.D.Keck
= Railliardia lonchophylla Sherff; Am. J. Bot. 20: 619 (1933)
= Railliardia lonchophylla var. stipitata (Sherff) D.D.Keck
= Railliardia molokaiensis var. stipitata Sherff
= Railliardia scabra var. leiophylla A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 133 (1861)
= Railliardia scabra var. munroi Sherff
species :
Dubautia sherffiana Fosberg; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70: 395 (1943)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Vulnerable
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia sherffiana var. paucinervia (O.Deg. & Sherff) Herbst; Phytologia 45(1): 67 (1980)
= Railliardia sherffiana (Fosberg) Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 38: 73 (1951)
= Railliardia sherffiana var. paucinervia O.Deg. & Sherff
species :
Dubautia syndetica G.D.Carr & Lorence; Novon 8(1): 4 (1998)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
species :
Dubautia waialealae Rock; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 304 (1910)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
species :
Dubautia waianapanapaensis G.D.Carr; Pac. Sci., 33(3): 234 (1979 publ. 1980), nom. nov.
Distribution: Hawaii (East Maui)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia demissifolia (Sherff) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11(19): 27 (1936)
= Dubautia dolosa (O.Deg. & Sherff) G.D.Carr; Allertonia 4: 101 (1985)
= Railliardia demissifolia Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 95: 78 (1933)
= Railliardia dolosa O.Deg. & Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 96: 152 (1934)
= Railliardia waianapanapaensis (G.D.Carr) H.St.John; Phytologia 49(3): 291 (1981)
species :
Dubautia ×fallax Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 96: 150 (1934)
Distribution: Hawaii
63 HAW
Remarks: Dubautia plantaginea x D. scabra
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia ×fucosa Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 96: 149 (1934)
= Dubautia ×kohalae (Skottsb.) H.St.John; Pacific Sci. 4: 342 (1950)
= Railliardia ×kohalae Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 15: 510 (1944)
= Railliautia ×fallax (Sherff) Sherff; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 135: 136 (1935)
= Railliautia ×fucosa (Sherff) Sherff; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 135: 136 (1935)
species :
Dubautia ×media Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 20: 617 (1933)
Distribution: Hawaii
63 HAW
Remarks: Dubautia laevigata x D. laxa
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia ×mendax Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 20: 617 (1933)
species :
Dubautia ×thyrsiflora (Sherff) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11(19): 27 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii
63 HAW
Remarks: Dubautia dolosa x D. scabra
Synonyms: hidden
= Dubautia ×coriacea (Sherff) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11(19): 27 (1936)
= Dubautia ×ternifolia (Sherff) D.D.Keck; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 11(19): 27 (1936)
= Railliardia demissifolia var. dolichophylla H.St.John; Pacific Sci. 25: 78 (1971)
= Railliardia ×coriacea Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 95: 80 (1933)
= Railliardia ×ternifolia Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 20: 618 (1933)
= Railliardia ×thyrsiflora Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 20: 618 (1933)
= Sonchus cristulatus (DC.) Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 22-24: 318 (1866)
= Sphaerocephalus subglaber (Schrenk) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life