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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

044.0000 Family Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm.; Webbia 24: 711 (1970)
5-34 genera (depending on genus concept), 1100-1200 spp. New genus concept adopted here from Fawcett & Smith (2021), based on molecular results.
Species listed in database: 1180; hybrids: 38
044.2021 Genus Grypothrix (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 46 (2021)
Distribution: Indochina, Malesia to S-China and Australia
Species listed in database: 14; hybrids: 1
species :
Grypothrix acanthocarpum (Copel.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Borneo (W-Sarawak)
42 BOR
Remarks: genus uncertain, could be Grypothrix or Abacopteris
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyclosorus acanthocarpus (Copel.) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.] 142 (1947)
= Dryopteris acanthocarpa Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 6: 136, pl. 17 (1911)
= Phegopteris acanthocarpa (Copel.) Alderw.; Malayan Ferns Fern Allies 315 (1917)
= Thelypteris acanthocarpa (Copel.) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 17: 257 (1968)
species :
Grypothrix crenulata (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Pronephrium crenulatum Holttum; Blumea 20: 123 (1972)
= Thelypteris crenulata (Holttum) Christenh.; Global Fl. 1(4): 29 (2018)
species :
Grypothrix cuspidata (Blume) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: Nicobar Isl.; Vietnam; Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah); Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Flores); Moluccas (Seram)
41 NCB VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MOL PHI SUM
Remarks: A species complex fide Kuo et al. 2019. Knapp (2011 etc.) treats P. liukiuense as separate species
Conservation Status: IUCN EN for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012)
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris cuspidata (Blume) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 245 (1938)
= Aspidium repandum Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 144 (1828) (non Willd. (1810))
= Christella longifrons (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 475 (1915)
= Cyclosorus cuspidatus (Blume) C.M.Kuo; Taiwania 47(2): 171 (2002), isonym
= Cyclosorus cuspidatus (Blume) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.] 142 (1947)
= Dryopteris amaiensis Rosenst.; Meded. Rijks Herb. no. 31: 6 (1917)
= Dryopteris longifrons (Wall.) Christ; Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. Mans 146 (1907)
= Meniscium cuspidatum Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 114 (1828)
= Meniscium cuspidatum var. longifrons Clarke; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1(8): 572 (1880)
= Meniscium longifrons Wall.; Numer. List no. 60 (1829), nomen
= Nephrodium lineatum Bedd.; Ferns Brit. India t. 133 (1866)
= Nephrodium repandum (Blume) T.Moore; Index Filic. (T. Moore) 102 (1858)
= Phegopteris cuspidata (Blume) Christ; Monsunia 1: 82 (1900), non Mett. (1858)
= Phegopteris cuspidata (Blume) Mett.; Farngatt. IV: 25 (1858)
= Polypodium granulosum Benth.; Fl. Hongk. 459 (1861)
= Pronephrium cuspidatum (Blume) Holttum; Blumea 20: 123 (1972)
= Thelypteris cuspidata (Blume) K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, B, Biol. 31: 192 (1965)
species :
Grypothrix kobinituae S.E.Fawc., C.W.Chen & A.R.Sm.; Amer. Fern J. 112(3): 181-184 (2022)
Distribution: Solomon Isl. (Sta. Ysabel)
43 SOL
Remarks: covers former records for G. cuspidata from Solomon Islands
species :
Grypothrix longipetiolata (K.Iwats.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Conservation Status: CR in Taiwan. IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris longipetiolata K.Iwats.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18: 11, f. 6 (1959)
= Cyclosorus longipetiolatus (K.Iwats.) C.M.Kuo; Taiwania 47(2): 172 (2002)
= Pronephrium longipetiolatum (K.Iwats.) Holttum; Blumea 20: 123 (1972)
= Thelypteris longipetiolata (K.Iwats.) K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, B, Biol. 31: 194 (1965)
species :
Grypothrix megacuspis (Baker) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Yunnan); Taiwan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); Vietnam
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 IND 41 VIE
Conservation Status: IUCN CR for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012)
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris megacuspis (Baker) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 243 (1938)
= Abacopteris sampsonii (Baker) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 244 (1938)
= Cyclosorus megacuspis (Baker) Tardieu & C.Chr.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 74 (1938)
= Dryopteris crenulata Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 7: 147 (1918)
= Dryopteris cuspidata var. epigea Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 3: 278 (1908)
= Dryopteris megacuspis (Baker) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 277 (1905)
= Polypodium megacuspe Baker; J. Bot. 28: 266 (1890)
= Polypodium sampsonii Baker; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 5: 471 (1891)
= Pronephrium megacuspe (Baker) Holttum; Blumea 20: 122 (1972)
= Pronephrium sampsonii (Baker) Ching ex K.H.Shing; Fl. Jiangxi 1: 215 (1993) (as ´sampsoni´)
= Thelypteris megacuspis (Baker) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 17: 292 (1968)
= Thelypteris sampsonii (Baker) K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 192 (1965)
species :
Grypothrix parishii (Bedd.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: China (Fujian); Taiwan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; ?Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahang)
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris triphylla var. parishii (Bedd.) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 241 (1938)
= Cyclosorus parishii (Bedd.) Tardieu; Tardieu & C. Chr., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 76 (1938)
= Cyclosorus triphyllus var. parishii (Bedd.) S.Linds.; Edinburgh J. Bot. 66(2): 360 (2009)
= Meniscium parishii Bedd.; Ferns Brit. India t. 184 (1866), non Nephrodium parishii Hook. 1862
= Meniscium triphyllum var. parishii (Bedd.) Bedd.; Handb. Ferns Brit. India, t. 184 (1866)
= Pronephrium parishii (Bedd.) Holttum; Blumea 20: 123 (1972)
= Pronephrium triphyllum var. parishii (Bedd.) C.M.Kuo; Fl. Taiwan 431 (1975), nom. superfl.
= Pronephrium triphyllum var. parishii (Bedd.) Nakaike; Enum. Pterid. Jap., Fil. 290 (1975)
= Thelypteris parishii (Bedd.) Panigrahi; Phytologia 31: 372 (1975)
= Thelypteris triphylla var. parishii (Bedd.) K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, B, Biol. 31: 191 (1965)
species :
Grypothrix pentapinnata (Fraser-Jenk.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, ?Nagaland); Myanmar
40 IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Thelypteris pentapinnata Fraser-Jenk.; Annot. Checkl. Ind. Pterid. 1: 476 (2016)
species :
Grypothrix ramosii (Christ) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; N-Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Moluccas (Halmaheira); New Guinea (N-Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl. (Makira)
38 NNS TAI 42 MOL NWG PHI SUL 43 SOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris liukiuensis (Christ) Tagawa; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 171 (1939)
= Abacopteris triphylla var. simplicifolia Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 243 (1938)
= Cyclosorus liukiuensis (Christ) Masam.; Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. 1: 195 (1951)
= Dryopteris liukiuensis (Christ) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. (1906-1912): 34 (1913)
= Dryopteris ramosii Christ; Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 2: 203 (1907)
= Meniscium liukiuense Christ; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 240 (1910)
= Nephrodium clavivenum Y.Yabe ex Matsum. & Hayata; Enum. Pl. Formosa 573 (1906)
= Phegopteris ramosii (Christ) Alderw.; Malayan Ferns 502 (1909)
= Pronephrium liukiuense (Christ) Nakaike; Enum. Pterid. Jap., Fil. 288 (1975)
= Pronephrium ramosii (Christ) Holttum; Fl. Males. Ser. 2,1(5): 537 (1982)
= Pronephrium ramosii var. minahassae Holttum; Fl. Males. Ser. 2,1(5): 537 (1982)
= Thelypteris liukiuensis (Christ) K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, B, Biol. 31: 191 (1965)
= Thelypteris ramosii (Christ) C.M.Kuo; Taiwania 30: 61 (1985)
species :
Grypothrix rubicunda (Alderw.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra
41 THA 42 MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris rubicunda (Alderw.) Holttum; Rev. Fl. Mal. 2: 292, f. 170 (1955)
= Cyclosorus rubicundus (Alderw.) S.Linds.; Edinburgh J. Bot. 66(2): 359 (2009)
= Dryopteris rubicunda (Alderw.) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert.: 96 (1934)
= Phegopteris rubicunda Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 2: 162 (1920)
= Pronephrium rubicundum (Alderw.) Holttum; Blumea 20: 123 (1972)
= Thelypteris rubicunda (Alderw.) K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, B, Biol. 31: 195 (1965)
species :
Grypothrix salicifolia (Wall. ex Hook.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Pahang, Perak); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak)
41 THA 42 BOR MLY SNG SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris salicifolia (Wall. ex Hook.) Holttum; Rev. Fl. Mal. 2: 288, f. 167 (1955)
= Cyclosorus salicifolius (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.] 143 (1947)
= Dryopteris salicifolia (Wall. ex Hook.) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 290 (1905)
= Meniscium salicifolium Wall.; Numer. List no. 63 (1829), nomen
= Meniscium salicifolium Wall. ex Hook.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 6: t. 990 (1854)
= Nephrodium salicifolium (Wall. ex Hook.) Diels; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 178 (1899)
= Phegopteris salicifolia (Wall. ex Hook.) Mett.; Fil. Lechl. 2: 22 (1859)
= Pronephrium salicifolium (Wall. ex Hook.) Holttum; Blumea 20: 123 (1972)
= Thelypteris salicifolia (Wall. ex Hook.) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 17: 311 (1968)
species :
Grypothrix simplex (Hook.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hongkong, SE-Yunnan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Vietnam
36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris simplex (Hook.) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 239 (1938)
= Abacopteris simplex var. trifoliata Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 10 (1940)
= Aspidium simplex (Hook.) Hance; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 140 (1873)
= Cyclosorus simplex (Hook.) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.] 143 (1947)
= Cyclosorus simplex var. trifoliatus (Ching) T.J.Liu; Res. Bull. Fujian 3: 56 (1952)
= Dryopteris simplex (Hook.) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 292 (1905)
= Meniscium erosum Wall.; Numer. List no. 62 (1829), nomen
= Meniscium simplex Hook.; Lond. J. Bot. 1: 294, t. 11 (1842)
= Meniscium villosum J.Sm.; Syn. Fil.: 392
= Nephrodium simplex (Hook.) Diels; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 177 (1899)
= Phegopteris simplex (Hook.) Mett.; Fil. Lechl. 2: 21 (1859)
= Polypodium simplex (Hook.) E.J.Lowe; Ferns 2: t. 41B (1858)
= Pronephrium simplex (Hook.) Holttum; Blumea 20: 122 (1972)
= Pronephrium simplex var. trifoliatum (Ching) L.K.Phan; J. Biol. (Vietnam) 41: 84 (2019), no basionym ref.
= Thelypteris simplex (Hook.) K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, B, Biol. 31: 189 (1965)
= Thelypteris simplex var. trifoliata (Ching) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 17(4): 313 (1968)
species :
Grypothrix sulawesiensis (K.Iwats.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: C-Sulawesi
42 SUL
Conservation Status: only known from type
Synonyms: hidden
= Pronephrium rubicundum subsp. sulawesiense K.Iwats.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 28: 162, f. 2 (1977)
= Pronephrium sulawesiense (K.Iwats.) Holttum; Fl. Males. Ser. 2,1(5): 536 (1982)
= Thelypteris sulawesiensis (K.Iwats.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 1(4): 38 (2018)
species :
Grypothrix triphylla (Sw.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; A generic revision of the Thelypteridaceae: 47 (2021)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hongkong, SE-Yunnan); Japan (Yakushima Isl., Tanegashima Isl.); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Nagaland); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar (Kachin, etc.); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok); Moluccas; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (NE-Queensland); Fiji (Viti Levu); Palau (Babeldaob)
36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BAN IND SRL 41 LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SNG SUL SUM 50 AUS 60 FIJ 62 PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris triphylla (Sw.) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 241 (1938)
= Cyclosorus nakaikeanus (R.D.Dixit & Balkr.) Panigrahi; Pl. Sci. Res. (India) 17: 52 (1995)
= Cyclosorus triphyllus (Sw.) Tardieu; Tardieu & C. Chr., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7 77 (1938)
= Dryopteris triphylla (Sw.) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 298 (1905)
= Meniscium cumingii Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 [Gen. Filic.] 222 (1852)
= Meniscium triphyllum f. cristatum K.Satô; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 824 (1936)
= Meniscium triphyllum Sw.; J. Bot. (Schrader) (1800)2: 16 (1801)
= Nephrodium triphyllum (Sw.) Diels; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 178 (1899)
= Phegopteris triphylla (Sw.) Mett.; Fil. Lechl. 2: 21 (1859)
= Pronephrium nakaikeanum R.D.Dixit & Balkr.; Indian Fern J. 7: 2, 39 (1990)
= Pronephrium triphyllum (Sw.) Holttum; Blumea 20: 122 (1972)
= Pronephrium triphyllum (Sw.) P.Chandra; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 13(3-4): 274 (1971 publ. 1974), isonym
= Thelypteris nakaikeana (R.D.Dixit & Balkr.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 34 (2018)
= Thelypteris triphylla (Sw.) K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, B, Biol. 31: 190 (1965)
species :
Grypothrix ×pseudoliukiuensis (Seriz.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan
38 NNS TAI
Remarks: Grypothrix ramosii x triphylla
Synonyms: hidden
= Pronephrium ×pseudoliukiuense (Seriz.) Nakaike; New Fl. Japan, Pterid. 842 (1992)
= Thelypteris ×pseudoliukiuensis Seriz.; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 29(1): 25 (1981)
= Cyclosorus ×pseudoliukiuensis (Seriz.) Ralf Knapp; Ferns Fern Allies Taiwan 445 (2011)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life