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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

388.0000 Family Caryophyllaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 299 (1789), nom. cons.
102 genera, ca. 3250 spp. Higher systematics: Xue et al. (2023)
Species listed in database: 3335; hybrids: 59
= Alsinaceae Bartl.; Bartl. & H. L. Wendland, Beitr. Bot. 2: 159 (1825), nom. cons.
= Cerastiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 271, 292 (1818)
= Corrigiolaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl.: 44, 49 (1829)
= Dianthaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 271, 293 (1818)
= Herniariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 307 (1820)
= Illecebraceae R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 413 (1810), nom. cons.
= Lychnidaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 638 (1843)
= Minuartiaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg.: 49 (1835)
= Ortegaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 443 (1820)
= Paronychiaceae Juss.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2: 386 (1815)
= Polycarpaeaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg.: 49 (1835)
= Sabulinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 623 (1843)
= Saginaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 239 (1820)
= Scleranthaceae J.Presl & C.Presl; Delic. Prag.: 66 (1822)
= Silenaceae Bartl.; Bartl. & H. L. Wendland, Beitr. Bot. 2: 160 (1825)
= Spergulaceae Bartl.; Bartl. & H. L. Wendland, Beitr. Bot. 2: 158 (1825)
= Stellariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 239 (1820)
= Telephiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 633 (1829)
388.1105 Genus Heliosperma (Rchb.) Rchb.; Nom. 206 (1841); & Ic. Fl. Germ. 16: 71. t. 277 (1844)
Distribution: Alps to Balkans and E-European mountains. According to Frajman et al. (2007) only 3-4 species should be recognized based on molecular results. The various taxa within the pusilla aggregate are listed here tentatively as subspecies.
Species listed in database: 7
= Ixoca Raf.; Autikon Botanikon, 25 (1840)
species :
Heliosperma alpestre (Jacq.) Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 182 (1843)
Name: Alpen-Strahlensame (DE)
Distribution: Austria; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia
11 AUT 13 CRO ITA SLV
Remarks: Subgen. Ixoca
Synonyms: hidden
= Cucubalus quadrifidus L.; Sp. Pl.: 415 (1753), nom. rej.
= Heliosperma quadridentatum Schinz & Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 68: 462 (1923), nom. superfl.
= Heliosperma quadrifidum (L.) Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 182 (1843)
= Heliosperma quadrifidum var. villosum Dalla Torre
= Heliosperma villosum (Dalla Torre) H.R.Wehrh.; Gartenstauden 1: 319 (1930)
= Ixoca alpestris (Jacq.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 141(1-2): 63 (1972)
= Ixoca quadrifida (L.) Soják; Cas Nar. Muz. (Prague), 140(3-4): 128 (1972)
= Ixoca tenella Raf.; Autikon Botanikon, 25 (1840)
= Lychnis alpestris (Jacq.) Jess.; 279 (1879)
= Lychnis alpestris (Jacq.) L.f.; Suppl. Pl. 244 (1782)
= Lychnis quadridentata L.; Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 13. 2: 362 (1774), nom. superfl.
= Lychnis quadrifida (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol. ed. II. 1: 307 (1771)
= Oncerum alpinum (Jacq.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 257 (1867)
= Oncerum quadrifidum (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 257 (1867)
= Silene alpestris Jacq.; Fl. Austriaca 1: 60 (1773)
= Silene alpina Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 34 (1776)
= Silene austriaca Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 3: 174 (1802), nom. superfl.
= Silene fontana Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XXVI (1811)
= Silene quadridentata Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 500 (1805), nom. superfl.
= Silene quadrifida (L.) L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1032 (1759), nom. rej.
= Silene quadrifida var. viscosa Regel; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1866: 102 (1867)
= Silene rupestris Jacq.; Enum. Stirp. Vindob.: 77 (1762), nom. illeg.
= Silene tenella A.Huet ex Schenk; Index Seminum (WB, Wirceburgensis) 1861: [4] (1862), nom. illeg.
= Silene ticinensis H.Neumayer; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 94: 143 (1917 publ. 1918)
= Silene trifida Ten. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 588 (1841)
= Silene viscida Spreng.; Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 65 (1815)
species :
Heliosperma chromodontum (Boiss. & Reut.) Jur.; Verh. K. K. Zool. -Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 38 (1858)
Distribution: Croatia; Montenegro; North Macedonia; ?Albania; N-Greece (Mt. Timfi, Mt. Olimbos)
13 CRO GRC MNT NMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma pusillum subsp. chromodontum (Boiss. & Reut.) Niketic & Stevan.; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 393 (2007)
= Heliosperma chromodontum (Boiss. & Reut.) Rohrb.; Monogr. Silene, 232 (1869), isonym
= Ixoca chromodonta (Boiss. & Reut.) Soják; Cas. Nar Muz. (Prague), 140(3-4): 127 (1972)
= Ixoca phyllitica (Neumayer) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 64 (1984)
= Silene chromodonta Boiss. & Reut.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 1: 71 (1854)
= Silene pusilla subsp. chromodonta (Boiss. & Reut.) Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 132 (1995)
= Silene pusilla subsp. chromodonta (Boiss. & Reut.) Slavnic; Josifovic, Fl. SR Srbije 2: 236 (1970), isonym
= Silene quadridentata subsp. chromodonta (Boiss. & Reut.) H.Neumayer; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg Beih. 30(1): 266 (1924)
= Silene quadridentata subsp. phyllitica H.Neumayer; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 266 (1924)
= Silene rupestris Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1(2): 295 (1809)
species :
Heliosperma intonsum (Greuter & Melzh.) Niketic & Stevan.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 154(1): 56 (2007)
Distribution: NW-Greece (Aoos river gorge)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Ixoca intonsa (Greuter & Melzh.) Holub; Preslia 58(4): 302 (1986)
= Silene intonsa Greuter & Melzh.; Willdenowia 12: 29 (1982)
species :
Heliosperma macranthum Pancic; Elench. Pl. Vasc.: 11 (1875)
Distribution: Montenegro; Kosovo; Albania
13 ALB KOS MNT
Synonyms: hidden
= Ixoca macrantha (Pancic) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 140(3-4): 128 (1972)
= Silene macrantha (Pancic) H.Neumayer; Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl., Denks. 94: 143 (1917)
species :
Heliosperma pudibundum (Hoffmanns.) Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 182 (1843)
Distribution: Austria (E-Alps); NE-Italy; ?Slovenia
11 AUT 13 ITA
Remarks: for ecological reasons a separate species and well separated from H. pusillum
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma pusillum subsp. pudibundum (Hoffmanns.) Gutermann; Phyton (Horn) 46(1): 74 (2006)
= Ixoca pudibunda (Hoffmanns.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 64 (1984)
= Silene pudibunda Hoffmanns.; Rchb., lconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 9: 28 (1831)
= Silene pusilla var. pudibunda (Hoffmanns.) Meusel & K.Werner; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 3(2): 1112 (1979)
species :
Heliosperma pusillum (Waldst. & Kit.) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 5-6: 78 (1844)
subspecies :
subsp. pusillum
Name: Kleiner Strahlensame (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; N-Spain; France; Corsica; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Russia; Ukraine
11 AUT GER LIE POL SLO SWI 12 COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 RUS UKR
Remarks: Subgen. Ixoca, pusilla agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma arcanum Zapal.; Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, Cl. Sci. Math., Sér. B, Sci. Nat. 1911(6B): 498 (1911)
= Heliosperma glutinosum Rchb. ex Jur.; Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 8: Sitzb. 80 (1858)
= Heliosperma pusillum var. diklicii Niketic & Stevan.; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 392 (2007)
= Heliosperma pusillum var. lanceolatum Niketic & Stevan.; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 393 (2007)
= Heliosperma pusillum var. pancicii Niketic & Stevan.; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 392 (2007)
= Heliosperma quadrifidum f. cuneatum Zapal.; 266 (1911)
= Heliosperma quadrifidum f. glanduliferum Zapal.; 266 (1911)
= Heliosperma quadrifidum f. laticordatum Zapal.; 267 (1911)
= Heliosperma quadrifidum f. pusillum (Waldst. & Kit.) Zapal.; 266 (1911)
= Heliosperma quadrifidum f. subquadridentatum Zapal.; 266 (1911)
= Heliosperma quadrifidum subsp. carpaticum Zapal.; 266 (1911)
= Heliosperma quadrifidum subsp. pusillum (Waldst. & Kit.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 87 (1878)
= Heliosperma quadrifidum var. pusillum (Waldst. & Kit.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 315 (1936)
= Heliosperma quadrifidum var. rodnense Zapal.; 267 (1911)
= Ixoca arcana (Zapal.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 65 (1984)
= Ixoca pusilla (Waldst. & Kit.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 128 (1972)
= Lychnis pusilla (Waldst. & Kit.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 432 (1809)
= Silene porcari Tineo ex Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 1(1): 158 (1888)
= Silene pusilla Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung.: 325 (1807)
= Silene quadridentata subsp. pusilla (Waldst. & Kit.) H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 72: 277 (1923)
= Silene quadrifida var. pusilla (Waldst. & Kit.) W.D.J.Koch; 79 (1843)
variant :
var. candavicum (H.Neumayer) Niketic & Stevan.; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 393 (2007)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Albania
13 ALB KOS SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Ixoca candavica (H.Neumayer) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 62 (1984)
= Silene pusilla subsp. candavica (H.Neumayer) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 190 (1982)
= Silene quadridentata subsp. candavica H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 72: 282 (1923)
variant :
var. trojanense (Velen.) Niketic & Stevan.; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 392 (2007)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria
13 BUL KOS SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma trojanensis Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 8: 6 (1910 publ. 1911)
= Ixoca trojanensis (Velen.) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 65 (1984)
= Silene trojanensis (Velen.) Jordanov & Panov; Jordanov, Fl. Nar. Rep. Bulg. 1: 492 (1966)
subspecies :
subsp. albanicum (K.Malý) Niketic & Stevan.; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 392 (2007)
Distribution: Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos)
13 ALB GRC KOS MNT SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma albanicum K.Malý; Wiss. Mitt. Bosnien Hercegowina 10: 634 (1907)
= Ixoca albanica (K.Malý) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 61 (1984)
= Ixoca pusilla subsp. albanica (K.Malý) Holub; Preslia 58(4): 302 (1986)
= Silene pusilla subsp. albanica (K.Malý) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 190 (1982)
= Silene quadridentata subsp. albanica (K.Malý) H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 72: 285 (1923)
subspecies :
subsp. malyi (Neumayer) comb.ined.
Distribution: Croatia
13 CRO
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma malyi (H.Neumayer) Degen; Fl. Veleb. 2: 88 (1937)
= Ixoca malyi (H.Neumayer) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 63 (1984)
= Silene pusilla subsp. malyi (H.Neumayer) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12(2): 190 (1982), isonym
= Silene pusilla subsp. malyi (H.Neumayer) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85(7-8): 451 (1974)
= Silene quadridentata subsp. malyi H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 72: 282 (1923)
subspecies :
subsp. moehringiifolium (Uechtr. ex Pancic) Niketic & Stevan.; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 392 (2007)
Distribution: Serbia; Bulgaria
13 BUL SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Ixoca moehringiifolia (R.Uechtr. ex Pancic) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 63 (1984)
= Silene moehringiifolia R.Uechtr. ex Pancic; Fl. Serbiae, Add.: 118 (1884)
= Silene pusilla subsp. moehringiifolia (R.Uechtr. ex Pancic) Slavnic; Josifovic, Fl. SR Srbije 2: 236 (1970)
= Silene quadridentata subsp. moehringiifolia (R.Uechtr. ex Pancic) H.Neumayer; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 266 (1924)
subspecies :
subsp. monachorum (Vis. & Pancic) Niketic & Stevan.; Arh. Biol. Nauka 59(4): 393 (2007)
Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece
13 ALB BUL GRC ITA KOS MNT SIC SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma monachorum Vis. & Pancic; Mém. Irnp. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 12: 463 (1864)
= Ixoca monachorum (Vis. & Pancic) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 63 (1984)
= Silene monachorum (Vis. & Pancic) Vis. & Pancic; Pancic, Fl. Srbije: 168 (1874)
= Silene pusilla subsp. monachorum (Vis. & Pancic) Slavnic; Josifovie, Fl. SR Srbije 2: 236 (1970)
= Silene pusilla subsp. tymphaea Greuter; Willdenowia 25(1): 132 (1995)
= Silene quadridentata f. biloba Novák; Preslia 5: 95 (1927)
= Silene quadridentata subsp. monachorum (Vis. & Pancic) H.Neumayer; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg Beih. 30(1): 265 (1924)
subspecies :
subsp. nikolicii (A.Seliger & Wraber) comb.ined.
Distribution: S-North Macedonia; E-Albania
13 ALB NMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma nikolicii (A.Seliger & Wraber) Niketic & Stevan.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 154(1): 56 (2007)
= Silene retzdorffiana subsp. nikolicii A.Seliger & Wraber; Biol. Vestn. 35(2): 97 (1987)
subspecies :
subsp. oliverae (Niketic & Stevan.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Montenegro; Kosovo; Albania
13 ALB KOS MNT
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma oliverae Niketic & Stevan.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 154(1): 56 (2007)
= Silene pusilla subsp. oliverae (Niketic & Stevan.) Pils; Ill. Fl. Albania 9 (2016)
subspecies :
subsp. retzdorffianum (K.Malý) comb.ined.
Distribution: Croatia; Montenegro; Albania
13 ALB CRO MNT
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma retzdorffianum K.Malý; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 53: 357 (1903)
= Ixoca retzdorffiana (K.Malý) Soják; Cas Nar. Muz. (Prague), 140(3-4): 128 (1972)
= Silene quadridentata subsp. retzdorffiana (K.Malý) H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 72: 277 (1923)
= Silene retzdorffiana (K.Malý) H.Neumayer; Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl., Denks. 94: 143 (1917)
= Silene retzdorffiana (K.Malý) Walters; Feddes Repert. 69: 47 (1964), isonym
subspecies :
subsp. tommasinii (Vis.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Croatia; Montenegro
13 CRO MNT
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma tommasinii (Vis.) Rchb.; lcon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 5-6: 78 (1844)
= Heliosperma tommasinii (Vis.) Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 3: 171 (1850), isonym
= Ixoca tommasinii (Vis.) Soják; Cas Nar Muz. (Prague), 140(3-4): 128 (1972)
= Silene quadridentata subsp. tommasinii (Vis.) H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 72: 277 (1923)
= Silene tommasinii Vis.; Flora (Regensburg) 12, Ergänzungsbl. 1: 12 (1829)
species :
Heliosperma veselskyi Janka; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 16: 65 (1858)
Distribution: Italy; Slovenia; Croatia
13 CRO ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliosperma eriophorum Jur.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 37 (1858)
= Heliosperma glutinosum A.Kern.; Fl. Exsicc. Austro-Hung., nr. 876 (1883) (in sched.) (nom. illeg.)
= Heliosperma quadridentatum subsp. marchesettii (H.Neumayer) E.Mayer; Dela Inst. Biol. Slov. Akad Znan. 3: 60 (1952)
= Heliosperma veselskyi subsp. glutinosum (H.Neumayer) E.Mayer; Annum Hort. Labac. Solemn.: 35 (1960)
= Heliosperma veselskyi subsp. iskense Wraber & Accetto; Razpr. Slov. Akad. Znan. Umetn., Razr. Nar. Vede 48(2): 18 (2007)
= Ixoca marchesettii (H.Neumayer) Ikonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 63 (1984)
= Ixoca veselskyi (Janka) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague). 140(3-4): 128 (1972)
= Ixoca widderi (A.Seliger & Wraber) Holub; Preslia 58(4): 302 (1986)
= Silene glutinosa Zois; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 80 (1858) (non Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 498 (1805))
= Silene quadridentata subsp. glutinosa H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 72: 280 (1923)
= Silene quadridentata subsp. marchesettii (H.Neumayer) H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 72: 276 (1923)
= Silene quadrifida subsp. marchesettii H.Neumayer
= Silene retzdorffiana Neumayer; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. 94: 143 (1918)
= Silene veselskyi (Janka) H.Neumayer; Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl., Denkschr. 94: 143 (1917), et Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 91: 235 (1942)
= Silene veselskyi subsp. glutinosa (H.Neumayer) A.Seliger & Wraber; Biol. Vest. 27: 124 (1980)
= Silene veselskyi subsp. widderi A.Seliger & Wraber; Biol. Vestn. 27(2): 130 (1979 publ. 1980)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life