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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

415.0000 Family Hydrangeaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl.: 36, 38 (1829), nom. cons.
9 genera, ca. 210 spp.
Species listed in database: 221; hybrids: 4
= Hortensiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 315 (1820)
= Kirengeshomaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku (Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.): 245 (1943)
= Philadelphaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 478 (1820)
415.2105 Genus Philadelphus L.; Sp. Pl. 470 (1753)
Distribution: Temperate Northern Hemisphere, esp. E-Asia
Species listed in database: 43
= Syringa Tourn. ex Adans.; Fam. Pl. 2: 244 (1763) (non L.)
species :
Philadelphus affinis Schltdl.; Linnaea 13: 419 (1839)
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus calcicola S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 332 (1954)
species :
Philadelphus asperifolius Körn.; Regel, Gartenfl. 73 (1867)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, San Luis Potosi)
79 MEX
species :
Philadelphus brachybotrys Koehne; Pl. Wilson. 1: 5 (1911)
Distribution: China (Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, ?Fujian)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus pekinensis var. brachybotrys Koehne; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1904(13): 84 (1904)
species :
Philadelphus calvescens (Rehder) S.M.Hwang; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 7(1): 11 (1991)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus calvescens var. compositus (Rehder) S.M.Hwang; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 7: 11 (1991)
= Philadelphus delavayi var. calvescens Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 196 (1919)
= Philadelphus henryi var. lissocalyx Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7 (1913)
species :
Philadelphus caudatus S.M.Hwang; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 7(1): 7-10, f. 3 (1991)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Philadelphus coronarius L.; Sp. Pl. 470 (1753)
Name: Großer Pfeifenstrauch (DE), Sweet mock orange (EN)
Distribution: England [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [c]; Austria; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; N- & C-Italy; San Marino [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; C-Romania [I]; European Turkey; Greece; S-European Russia [I]; European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; Ukraine [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey; Myanmar [I]; Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Wisconsin [I]); Bolivia [c]
10 grb nor swe 11 AUT bgm ger hun slo swi 12 fra por spa 13 bih cro GRC ITA mnt rom slv sma TUE 14 mld rus ukr 32 tkm uzb 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI TUR 41 mya 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa 83 bol
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus aromaticus Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 611 (1821), nom. nud.
= Philadelphus caucasicus Koehne; Gartenfl. 1896: 508 (1896)
= Philadelphus caucasicus var. glabratus Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 107 (1955)
= Philadelphus coronarius f. aureus Schelle; Beissn. et al., Handb. Laubholzben.: 128 (1903)
= Philadelphus coronarius f. deutziiflorus Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 201 (1920)
= Philadelphus coronarius f. duplex (Weston) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 193 (1949)
= Philadelphus coronarius f. primuliflorus (Carrière) G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 3: 94 (1887)
= Philadelphus coronarius f. pumilus (Weston) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 193 (1949)
= Philadelphus coronarius f. salicifolius (K.Koch) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3. 1: 290 (1894)
= Philadelphus coronarius f. variegatus (Weston) Schelle; Beissn. et al., Handb. Laubholzben.: 128 (1903)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. aureus (Schelle) Rehder; Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 3: 1298 (1901)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. deutziiflorus-plenus Hartwig; Ill. Gehölzb.: 258 (1892)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. duplex Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 205 (1770)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. glabratus (Hu) Jalas; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 9(3): 161 (1972)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. grandiflorus Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1929: no. 7092 (1929)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. nanus (Mill.) Aiton; 155 (1789)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. pumilus Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 205 (1770)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. variegatus Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 205 (1770)
= Philadelphus deyrolleanus Lavallée; Énum. Arbres: 116 (1877), nom. nud.
= Philadelphus grandiflorus Lodd. ex Schrad.; Linnaea 12: 393 (1838), nom. inval.
= Philadelphus keteleeri Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 37: 44 (1866)
= Philadelphus kochianus Koehne; Deut. Dendrol.: 188 (1893)
= Philadelphus nanus Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 2 (1768)
= Philadelphus pallidus Hayek ex C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 373 (1906)
= Philadelphus primuliflorus Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 42: 305 (1871)
= Philadelphus salicifolius K.Koch; Dendrol. 1: 337 (1869)
= Philadelphus salzmannii K.Koch; Dendrologie 1: 338 (1869)
= Philadelphus speciosus K.Koch; Dendrologie 1: 339 (1869), nom. inval.
= Philadelphus umbellatus Koehne; Deut. Dendrol.: 181 (1893)
= Philadelphus uniflorus Petz. & G.Kirchn.; Petzold & Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav.: 206 (1864)
= Philadelphus zeyheri Schrad.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 3: 205 (1828)
= Philadelphus zeyheri var. kochianus (Koehne) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 201 (1920)
= Philadelphus zeyheri var. umbellatus (Koehne) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 201 (1920)
= Syringa alba Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 575 (1764), opus utique rej.
= Syringa suaveolens Moench; Meth. 678 (1794), nom. illeg.
species :
Philadelphus coulteri S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 472 (1887), et in Gard. and For. 1: 232 flg. 40 (1888)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus mexicanus var. coulteri (S.Watson) Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 2: 138 (1914)
= Philadelphus osmanthus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 326 (1954)
= Philadelphus pringlei S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 332 (1954)
= Philadelphus purpusii Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 270 (1912)
species :
Philadelphus dasycalyx (Rehder) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36(4): 341-342 (1955)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus pekinensis var. dasycalyx Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1(3): 197-198 (1920)
species :
Philadelphus delavayi L.Henry; Rev. Hort. 1903: 13, f. 3 (1903)
Distribution: England [I]; China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Myanmar (Kachin)
10 grb 36 CHI TIB 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus delavayi f. cruciflorus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 329 (1955)
= Philadelphus delavayi f. melanocalyx (Lemoine ex L.Henry) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2: 269 (1940)
= Philadelphus delavayi var. melanocalyx Lemoine ex L.Henry; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 75: 14 (1903)
variant :
var. trichocladus Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(2): 438 (1931)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Philadelphus henryi Koehne; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(239-242): 126 (1911)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Guizhou)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus mollis var. erythrocalyx H.Lév. ex Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 12: 275 (1931)
variant :
var. cinereus Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(2): 438 (1931)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus cinereus Hand.-Mazz.; Vegetationsbilder 20(7): 15 (1930), nom. nud.
species :
Philadelphus hirsutus Nutt.; Gen. Am. 1: 301 (1818)
Name: Streambank mock orange
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus columbiensis G.Nicholson; Hand-List Trees Shrubs 1[Polypet.]: 280 (1894), nom. inval.
= Philadelphus dubius K.Koch; Dendrol. 1: 343 (1869)
= Philadelphus godohokeri K.Koch; Dendrologie 1: 346 (1869)
= Philadelphus gracilis DC.; Prod. 3: 206 (1828)
= Philadelphus hirsutus var. gracilis Schrad. ex DC.; Prodr. 3: 206 (1828)
= Philadelphus hirsutus var. intermedius S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 44 (1956)
= Philadelphus hirsutus var. nanus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 45 (1956)
= Philadelphus inodorus var. hirsutus (Nutt.) Alph.Wood; Amer. Bot. Fl. 2: 116 (1871)
= Philadelphus pubescens Bosc ex Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Am. 1: 595 (1840) non Loisel. 1820
= Philadelphus sharpianus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 45 (1956)
= Philadelphus sharpianus var. parviflorus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 47 (1956)
= Philadelphus speciosus Schrad. ex DC.; Prod. 3: 206 (1828)
= Philadelphus trinervius Schrad.; Linnaea 12: 399 (1838)
= Philadelphus trinervius var. gracilis Schrad.; Linnaea 12: 399 (1838)
= Philadelphus villosus Lodd. ex W.H.Baxter; Loudon, Suppl. Hort. Brit.: 606 (1850)
species :
Philadelphus incanus Koehne; Gartenflora 45: 562 (1896)
Distribution: China (Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus incanus var. sargentianus Koehne; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(no. 239-242): 126 (1911)
variant :
var. baileyi Rehder; Gentes Herb. 1: 27 (1920)
Distribution: China (Henan, Shaanxi)
36 CHI
variant :
var. mitsae (S.Y.Hu) S.M.Hwang; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 7(1): 4 (1991)
Distribution: China (S-Henan, W-Hunan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus mitsae S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36(4): 342-343 (1955)
species :
Philadelphus inodorus L.; Sp. Pl. 470 (1753)
Name: Scentless mock orange (EN), Duftloser Pfeifenstrauch (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin)
11 ger slo 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus coronarius var. floribundus (Schrad. ex DC.) Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 10(12): 43 (1867)
= Philadelphus floribundus Schrad. ex DC.; Prodr. 3: 205 (1828)
= Philadelphus floridus Beadle; Biltm. Bot. Studies 1: 160 (1902)
= Philadelphus floridus var. faxonii Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 199 (1920)
= Philadelphus floridus var. rehderianus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 68 (1955)
= Philadelphus gloriosus Beadle; Biltm. Bot. Studies 1: 159 (1902)
= Philadelphus grandiflorus var. floribundus (Schrad. ex DC.) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. 1: 595 (1840)
= Philadelphus grandiflorus var. laxus Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. 1: 595 (1840)
= Philadelphus grandiflorus Willd.; Enum. Hort. Berol. 511 (Ker Gawl.) Bot. Reg. t. 570 (1809)
= Philadelphus humilis DC.; Prodr. 3: 206 (1828)
= Philadelphus igneus G.Nicholson; Hand-List Trees Shrubs 1[Polypet.]: 225 (1894), nom. inval.
= Philadelphus inodorus f. quadranguliflorus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 61 (1955)
= Philadelphus inodorus var. carolinus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 63 (1955)
= Philadelphus inodorus var. grandiflorus (Willd.) A.Gray; Manual (A. Gray), ed. 2. 146 (1856)
= Philadelphus inodorus var. laxus (Schrad. ex DC.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 61 (1955)
= Philadelphus inodorus var. strigosus Beadle; Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1(2): 159 (1902)
= Philadelphus laxus C.C.Gmel.; Hortus Carlsruh.: 201 (1811), nom. superfl.
= Philadelphus laxus Schrad. ex DC.; Prodr. 3: 206 (1828), nom. illeg.
= Philadelphus laxus var. strigosus (Beadle) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 198 (1920)
= Philadelphus macranthus Jacques; Hort. Universel 2: 17 (1840)
= Philadelphus strigosus (Beadle) Rydb.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 22: 168 (1905)
= Philadelphus ×magnificus Koehne; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 15: 52 (1906 publ. 1907)
= Syringa inodora (L.) Moench; Methodus: 678 (1794)
species :
Philadelphus kansuensis (Rehder) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36(1): 356-357 (1955)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus pekinensis var. kansuensis Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 9(2-3): 49-50 (1928)
species :
Philadelphus karwinskyanus Koehne; Gartenfl., 486 (1896)
Distribution: Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], East Maui [I]); Mexico (Mexico State, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Veracruz)
63 haw 79 MEX
species :
Philadelphus kunmingensis S.M.Hwang; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 7(1): 5, f. 1 (1991), without type, et J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 8(3): 263 (2000), with type (2000)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
variant :
var. parvifolius S.M.Hwang; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 7(1): 6 (1991), without type, et J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 8(3): 263 (2000), with type
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Philadelphus laxiflorus Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 5(3): 152-153 (1924)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Henan, Qinghai, Shaanxi)
36 CHI
species :
Philadelphus lewisii Pursh; Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 329 (1813)
Name: Lewis´ mock orange
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Vancouver Isl.); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State); Uzbekistan [I]
32 uzb 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: broad circumscription following Flora of North America, however, sometimes more species in this highly variable taxon are recognized
Synonyms: hidden
= Deutzia californica Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 38: 339 (1866)
= Philadelphus angustifolius Rydb.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 22: 166 (1905)
= Philadelphus billiardii Koehne; Gartenflora 45: 508 (1896)
= Philadelphus californicus Benth.; Pl. Hartw. 309 (1849)
= Philadelphus californicus Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 37: 339 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Philadelphus columbarius Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 342 (1893)
= Philadelphus columbianus K.Koch; Dendrologie 1: 344 (1869)
= Philadelphus columbianus Koehne; Dendrol. 1: 344 (1869)
= Philadelphus confusus Piper; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 29: 225 (1902)
= Philadelphus cordatus K.Koch; Dendrol. 1: 344 (1869)
= Philadelphus cordifolius Lange; Bot. Tidsskr. Ser. III. 2: 132 (1877 publ. 1879)
= Philadelphus fremontii Rydb.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 22: 165 (1905)
= Philadelphus globosus K.Koch; Dendrol. 1: 344 (1869)
= Philadelphus gordonianus Lindl.; Bot. Reg. (1838) Misc. 21
= Philadelphus gordonianus var. californicus Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 342 (1893)
= Philadelphus gordonianus var. columbianus (Koehne) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 196 (1920)
= Philadelphus grahamii K.Koch; Dendrologie 1: 344 (1869)
= Philadelphus helleri Rydb.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 22: 166 (1905)
= Philadelphus insignis Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 42: 40 (1870)
= Philadelphus intermedius A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 42: 53 (1906)
= Philadelphus lewisii subsp. californicus (Benth.) Munz; Aliso 4: 92 (1958)
= Philadelphus lewisii subsp. gordonianus (Lindl.) Munz; Aliso 4: 92 (1958)
= Philadelphus lewisii var. angustifolius (Rydb.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 79 (1955)
= Philadelphus lewisii var. californicus (Benth.) A.Gray; S. Wats., Bot. California 1: 202 (1876)
= Philadelphus lewisii var. ellipticus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 81 (1955)
= Philadelphus lewisii var. gordonianus (Lindl.) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jeps.] 466 (1925)
= Philadelphus lewisii var. helleri (Rydb.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 79 (1955)
= Philadelphus lewisii var. intermedius (A.Nelson) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 81 (1955)
= Philadelphus lewisii var. oblongifolius S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 78 (1955)
= Philadelphus lewisii var. parvifolius S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 77 (1955)
= Philadelphus lewisii var. parvifolius Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot. 4(5
= Philadelphus lewisii var. platyphyllus (Rydb.) A.H.Moore; Rhodora 16: 77 (1914)
= Philadelphus lewisii var. pygmaeus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37(1): 83 (1956)
= Philadelphus oblongifolius S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 327 (1954)
= Philadelphus oreganus Nutt.; Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 595 (1840)
= Philadelphus oreganus Nutt. ex S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 85 (1955)
= Philadelphus platyphyllus Rydb.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 22: 167 (1905)
= Philadelphus thyrsiflorus Hort.; ex Gard. Kew 1: Polypet. 227 (1894)
= Philadelphus trichothecus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 84 (1955)
= Philadelphus zelleri S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 87 (1955)
species :
Philadelphus lushuiensis T.C.Ku & S.M.Hwang ex T.C.Ku; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29(1): 80-82, f. 1 (1991)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Philadelphus maculatus (C.L.Hitchc.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 28 (1956)
Name: Spotted mock orange
Distribution: USA (Arizona); Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus microphyllus subsp. maculatus C.L.Hitchc.; Madroño 7: 44 (1943)
species :
Philadelphus mearnsii W.H.Evans ex Rydb.; N. Amer. Fl. 22(2): 174 (1905)
Name: Mearns´ mock orange
Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus bifidus (C.L.Hitchc.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 51 (1956)
= Philadelphus hitchcockianus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 51 (1956)
= Philadelphus mearnsii subsp. bifidus C.L.Hitchc.; Madroño 7: 54 (1943)
species :
Philadelphus mexicanus Schltdl.; Linnaea 13: 418 (1839)
Distribution: New Zealand [I]; Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Coahuila); Guatemala; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]
51 nzl 79 MEX 80 cos els GUA hon pan
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus austromexicanus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 324 (1954)
= Philadelphus glabripetalus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 324 (1954)
= Philadelphus matudae Lundell; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 4: 6 (1940)
species :
Philadelphus microphyllus A.Gray; Mem. Am. Acad. N. S. 4: 54 (1849)
Name: Littleleaf mock orange, Silver mock orange
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sonora); Uzbekistan [I]
32 uzb 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus argenteus Rydb.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 22: 171 (1905)
= Philadelphus argyrocalyx var. argenteus (Rydb.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 18a: 193 (1930)
= Philadelphus microphyllus f. zionensis C.L.Hitchc.; Madroño 7: 48 (1943)
= Philadelphus microphyllus subsp. argenteus (Rydb.) C.L.Hitchc.; Madroño 7: 42 (1943)
= Philadelphus microphyllus subsp. occidentalis (A.Nelson) C.L.Hitchc.; Madroño 7: 51 (1943)
= Philadelphus microphyllus var. argenteus (Rydb.) Kearney & Peebles; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 29: 480 (1939)
= Philadelphus microphyllus var. linearis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 20 (1956)
= Philadelphus microphyllus var. occidentalis (A.Nelson) Dorn; Vasc. Pl. Wyoming: 297 (1988)
= Philadelphus microphyllus var. ovatus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 20 (1956)
= Philadelphus minutus Rydb.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 22: 173 (1905)
= Philadelphus nitidus A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 42: 54 (1906)
= Philadelphus occidentalis A.Nelson; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 374 (1898)
= Philadelphus occidentalis var. minutus (Rydb.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 25 (1956)
variant :
var. argyrocalyx (Wooton) Henrickson; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 901 (2007)
Name: Silvercup mock orange
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas)
76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus argyrocalyx Wooton; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 452 (1898)
= Philadelphus ellipticus Rydb.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 22: 172 (1905)
= Philadelphus microphyllus subsp. argyrocalyx (Wooton) C.L.Hitchc.; Madroño 7: 45 (1943)
= Philadelphus serpyllifolius var. argyrocalyx (Wooton) M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 12: 14 (1908)
= Philadelphus wootonii S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 22 (1956)
variant :
var. crinitus (C.L.Hitchc.) B.L.Turner; Lundellia 9: 35 (2006)
Name: Trans-Pecos mock orange
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Texas)
76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus crinitus (C.L.Hitchc.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 34 (1956)
= Philadelphus microphyllus subsp. crinitus C.L.Hitchc.; Madroño 7: 45 (1943)
variant :
var. madrensis (Hemsl.) Henrickson; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 901 (2007)
Name: Desert mountain mock orange
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Durango, Sonora, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, etc.)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus madrensis Hemsl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 251 (1908)
variant :
var. pumilus (Rydb.) Henrickson; Phytoneuron 2016-8: 6 (2016)
Name: Dwarf mock orange
Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus microphyllus subsp. pumilus (Rydb.) C.L.Hitchc.; Madroño 7: 49 (1943)
= Philadelphus microphyllus subsp. stramineus (Rydb.) C.L.Hitchc.; Madroño 7: 47 (1943)
= Philadelphus microphyllus var. stramineus (Rydb.) Henrickson; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 901 (2007)
= Philadelphus pumilus Rydb.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 22: 173 (1905)
= Philadelphus pumilus var. ovatus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 33 (1956)
= Philadelphus stramineus Rydb.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 22: 172 (1905)
species :
Philadelphus myrtoides Bertol.; Fl. Guatim. 21 (1840)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]
79 MEX 80 cos GUA pan
Remarks: often included in P. mexicanus
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus trichopetalus Körn.; Regel, Gartenfl. 73 (1867)
species :
Philadelphus palmeri Rydb.; N. Am. Fl. 22: 173 (1905)
Name: Palmer´s mock orange
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Texas); Mexico (Nuevo Leon)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
species :
Philadelphus pekinensis Rupr.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 15: 365 (1857)
Distribution: China (Hebei, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, ?Hubei, ?Jiangsu, ?Zhejiang); North Korea
36 CHI 38 NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Deutzia chanetii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9(222-226): 451 (1911)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. pekinensis (Rupr.) Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 10(16): 42 (1867)
= Philadelphus parviflorus Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 42: 460 (1871)
= Philadelphus pekinensis f. lanceolatus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 95 (1955)
= Philadelphus pekinensis var. cuneatus Y.T.Zhao & H.Xie; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 14(4): 2 (1994)
= Philadelphus rubricaulis Carrière; Rev. Hort. 1870(42-43): 460 (1871)
= Philadelphus scaber Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 15: 50 (1926)
= Philadelphus tenuifolius f. scaber (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl.: 533 (2017)
species :
Philadelphus pubescens Loisel.; Herb. Amat. 4: 268 (1820)
Name: Hoary mock orange
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wyoming)
11 ger slo 14 blr rus 32 tkm uzb 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus discolor Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 149 (1840)
= Philadelphus gattingeri S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 336 (1955)
= Philadelphus intectus Beadle; Biltm. Bot. Studies 1: 160 (1902)
= Philadelphus intectus var. pubiger S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 84 (1955)
= Philadelphus latifolius Schrad.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 3: 206 (1828)
= Philadelphus latifolius var. pendulifolius Schelle; Beissn. et al., Handb. Laubholzben.: 127 (1903)
= Philadelphus latifolius var. pubescens (Loisel.) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 339 (1893), nom. superfl.
= Philadelphus niveus K.Koch; Dendrologie 1: 343 (1869)
= Philadelphus pubescens var. intectus (Beadle) A.H.Moore; Rhodora 17: 123 (1915)
= Philadelphus pubescens var. verrucosus (Schrad.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 335 (1955)
= Philadelphus rhombifolius Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 195 (1920)
= Philadelphus stenopetala Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 42: 340 (1870)
= Philadelphus verrucosus Schrad.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 3: 205 (1828)
= Philadelphus verrucosus var. nivalis (Jacques) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1(3): 199 (1920)
species :
Philadelphus pueblanus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 319 (1954)
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)
79 MEX
species :
Philadelphus purpurascens (Koehne) Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1915(24): 220 (1916)
Distribution: China (NW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus brachybotrys var. purpurascens Koehne; Pl. Wilson. 1: 6 (1911)
variant :
var. szechuanensis (W.P.Fang) S.M.Hwang; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 7: 4 (1991)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus szechuanensis W.P.Fang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Szechuan. 1: 36, t. 2 (1955)
variant :
var. venustus (Koehne) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36(4): 331-332 (1955)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus venustus Koehne; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1906: 53 (1906)
species :
Philadelphus reevesianus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36(4): 340-341 (1955)
Distribution: China (Hubei)
36 CHI
species :
Philadelphus sargentianus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 35(4): 330-332 (1954)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon)
79 MEX
species :
Philadelphus satsumi Siebold ex Lindl. & Paxton; Flow. Gard. 2: 102 (1851 publ. 1852)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus acuminatus Lange; Ind. Sem. Hort. Haun. (1875) 33, ex Bot. Tidsskr. Ser. III. 2: 131 (1877 publ. 1879)
= Philadelphus chinensis K.Koch; Dendrol. 1: 339 (1869)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. acuminatus (Lange) A.H.Moore; Rhodora 17: 122 (1915)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. kiotensis (Murata) Kitam. & Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 7 (1974)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. lancifolius (Uyeki) Kitam. & Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 7 (1974)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. parviflorus (Dippel) Kitam. & Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 26(1-2): 7 (1974)
= Philadelphus coronarius var. satsumanus H.Jaeger; Jaeger & Beissn., Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl., ed. 2: 236 (1884), nom. superfl.
= Philadelphus coronarius var. satsumi (Siebold ex Lindl. & Paxton) Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 10, XVI: 40 (1867)
= Philadelphus gordonianus var. parviflorus Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 343 (1893)
= Philadelphus grandiflorus var. undulatus (Petz. & G.Kirchn.) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 334 (1893)
= Philadelphus japonicus K.Koch; Dendrologie 1: 339 (1869)
= Philadelphus ledebourii K.Koch; Dendrologie 1: 339 (1869)
= Philadelphus matsumuranus Koehne; Gartenfl., 619 (1896)
= Philadelphus pulchellus K.Koch; Dendrologie 1: 339 (1869)
= Philadelphus roylei K.Koch; Dendrol. 1: 339 (1869)
= Philadelphus sanguineus K.Koch; Dendrol. 1: 339 (1869)
= Philadelphus satsumanus Siebold ex Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 99 (1867), nom. superfl.
= Philadelphus satsumanus var. nikoensis Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 19: 249 (1910)
= Philadelphus satsumi f. nikoensis (Rehder) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 74 (1953)
= Philadelphus satsumi f. nikoensis (Rehder) Ohwi ex Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 86(4): 233 (2011)
= Philadelphus satsumi f. shikokianus (Nakai) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama; Fl. Japan 2b: 77 (2001)
= Philadelphus satsumi var. kiotensis Murata
= Philadelphus satsumi var. lancifolius (Uyeki) Murata
= Philadelphus satsumi var. nikoensis (Rehder) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees: 275 (1927)
= Philadelphus shikokianus Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 29: 66 (1915)
= Philadelphus shikokianus var. lancifolius Uyeki; Mem. Ehime Univ., Sect. 6, Agric. 1: 124 (1956)
= Philadelphus thyrsiflorus K.Koch; Dendrol. 1: 339 (1869)
= Philadelphus undulatus Petz. & G.Kirchn.; Petzold & Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav.: 205 (1864)
= Philadelphus yokohamae Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 343 (1893)
species :
Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 15: 365 (1857)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); Uzbekistan [I]; China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shaanxi); North Korea; South Korea
31 RFE 32 uzb 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus coronarius var. mandshuricus Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 10(16): 41 (1867)
= Philadelphus lasiogynus Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 29: 67 (1915)
= Philadelphus mandshuricus (Maxim.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 29: 66 (1915)
= Philadelphus schrenkii f. lasiogynus (W.Lee) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 308 (2004)
= Philadelphus schrenkii f. longipedicellatus Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 19: 374 (1943)
= Philadelphus schrenkii var. jackii Koehne; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 127 (1911)
= Philadelphus schrenkii var. lasiogynus (Nakai) W.Lee; Lin. Fl. Koreae: 453 (1996)
= Philadelphus schrenkii var. mandshuricus (Maxim.) Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur.: 253 (1939)
= Philadelphus seoulensis Y.H.Chung & H.Shin; Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 21: 212 (1991)
= Philadelphus tenuifolius f. seoulensis (Y.H.Chung & H.Shin) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl.: 534 (2017)
= Philadelphus tenuifolius var. schrenkii (Rupr. & Maxim.) J.J.Vassil.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S. S. S. R. 8 12: 210 (1940)
species :
Philadelphus sericanthus Koehne; Gartenflora 45: 561 (1896)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, ?Zhejiang, ?Fujian)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus hupehensis (Koehne) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 361 (1955)
= Philadelphus incanus f. hupehensis Koehne; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(237-242): 126-127 (1911)
= Philadelphus sericanthus var. bockii Koehne; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 371. 1900.
= Philadelphus sericanthus var. rosthornii Koehne; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 371 (1900)
variant :
var. kulingensis (Koehne) Hand.-Mazz.; J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 439 (1931)
Distribution: China (Jiangxi, ?Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus incanus f. kulingensis Koehne; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1(237-242): 127 (1911)
species :
Philadelphus serpyllifolius A.Gray; Pl. Wright. 1: 77 (1852)
Name: Thymeleaf mock orange
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus serpyllifolius var. intermedius B.L.Turner; Lundellia 9: 37 (2006)
species :
Philadelphus subcanus Koehne; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1904(13): 83 (1904)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus paniculatus Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 11: 159 (1930)
= Philadelphus sericanthus var. rehderianus Koehne; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(237-242): 127 (1911)
= Philadelphus subcanus var. wilsonii (Koehne) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 196 (1920)
= Philadelphus wilsonii Koehne; Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 1: 4 (1911)
variant :
var. dubius Koehne; Pl. Wilson. 1: 4 (1911)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
variant :
var. magdalenae (Koehne) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 355 (1955)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus magdalenae Koehne; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1904(130, 83 (1904)
species :
Philadelphus tenuifolius Rupr. & Maxim.; Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Petersb. 15: 133 (1856)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); Uzbekistan [I]; China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, ?Nei Mongol); North Korea; South Korea
31 RFE 32 uzb 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus coronarius var. tenuifolius (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Petersbourg (Ser. 7) 7, 10(16): 38 (1867)
= Philadelphus koreanus f. robustus (W.Lee) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 308 (2004)
= Philadelphus koreanus Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 19: 372 (1943)
= Philadelphus koreanus var. robustus (Nakai) W.Lee; Lineamenta Florae Koreae 452 (1996)
= Philadelphus robustus Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 19: 372 (1943)
= Philadelphus tenuifolius f. koreanus (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 533 (2017)
= Philadelphus tenuifolius f. robustus (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 533 (2017)
= Philadelphus tenuifolius var. latipetalus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 351 (1955)
= Philadelphus viksnei Zämelis; Acta Horti Bot. Univ. Latv. 11-12: 232 (1939)
species :
Philadelphus tetragonus S.M.Hwang; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 7(1): 7, f. 2 (1991)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Philadelphus texensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 54 (1956)
Name: Texas mock orange
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Coahuila, Durango)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus texensis var. coryanus S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 55 (1956)
variant :
var. ernestii (S.Y.Hu) Henrickson; Phytoneuron 2016-8: 5 (2016)
Name: Canyon mock orange
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus ernestii S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 50 (1956)
species :
Philadelphus tomentosus Wall.; [Cat. 128, nr. 3653 (1831), nom. nud] ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 807 (1832)
Name: Fuzzy mock orange
Distribution: China (Yunnan); S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); USA [I] (Ohio [I])
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus coronarius var. tomentosus (Wall. ex G.Don) Hook.f. & Thomson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 83 (1857)
= Philadelphus lancifolius Koehne; Gartenfl., 561 (1896)
= Philadelphus nepalensis Koehne; Deuts. Dendr. 183 (1893), Koehne in Gartenflora 45: 618 (1896)
= Philadelphus nepalensis Wall. ex Loudon; H. Br. 196 (1830) (nom. nud.)
= Philadelphus tomentosus f. lancifolius (Koehne) H.Hara; Bull. Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo 2: 47 (1971)
= Philadelphus tomentosus f. nepalensis (Koehne) H.Hara; Bull. Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo 2: 47 (1971)
= Philadelphus triflorus Wall. ex S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 89 (1955), nom. superfl.
species :
Philadelphus tsianschanensis F.T.Wang & S.X.Li; T. N. Liou, Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China: 561 (1958)
Distribution: China (Liaoning)
36 CHI
species :
Philadelphus yangjiaensis Y.T.Zhao & H.Xie; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 14(4): 1 (1994)
Distribution: China (Jilin)
36 CHI
species :
Philadelphus zhejiangensis S.M.Hwang; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 7(1): 10 (1991)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Philadelphus brachybotrys var. laxiflorus (W.C.Cheng) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 36: 96 (1955)
= Philadelphus pekinensis var. laxiflorus W.C.Cheng; Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 10: 113 (1916)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life