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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

330.0000 Family Malvaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 271 (1789), nom. cons.
249 genera, ca. 5400 spp.
Species listed in database: 5476; hybrids: 40
= Berryaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxvii (2001), Family
= Bombacaceae Kunth; Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac.: 5 (1822), nom. cons.
= Brownlowiaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Byttneriaceae R.Br.; M. Flinders, Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 540 (1814), nom. cons.
= Chiranthodendraceae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 303 (1887)
= Dombeyaceae Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 3: 252 (1829), nom. cons.
= Durionaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Grewiaceae Doweld & Reveal; Reveal, Bot. Rev (Lancaster) 71: 100 (2005)
= Helicteraceae J.Agardh; Theoria toSyst. Pl.: 264 (1858), Family
= Hermanniaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég.: 52 (1820)
= Hibiscaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 275 (1858)
= Lasiopetalaceae Rchb.; Mag. Aesth. Bot. 1(2): ad t. 37 (1823)
= Mansoniaceae A.Chev.; Just´s Bot. Jahreber. 38(1): 852 (1913)
= Melochiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 271 (1858)
= Pentapetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 222 (1820)
= Philippodendraceae A.Juss.; V. V. D. d´Orbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 9: 735 (1847)
= Plagianthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 272 (1858)
= Sidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 222 (1820)
= Sparrmanniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 260 (1858)
= Theobromataceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 264 (1858)
= Tiliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 289 (1789), nom. cons., Family
330.8304 Genus Thespesia Sol. ex Corrêa; Ann. Mus. Par. 9: 290. t. 8, f. 2 (1807), nom. cons.
Distribution: West Indies (2), tropical Africa, tropical Asia to New Guinea, 1 littoral pantropical
Species listed in database: 16
= Armouria Lewton; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23: 64 (1933)
= Atkinsia R.A.Howard; Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 76: 97 (1949)
= Azanza (DC.) Alef.; Bot. Zeit. 19: 298 (1861)
= Bupariti Duhamel; Semia Plantat. Arbr., Add.: 5 (1760)
= Maga Urb.; Symb. Antill. 7: 281 (1912)
= Montezuma DC.; Prodr. 1: 477 (1824)
= Pariti Adans.; Fam. Pl. (Adans.) 2: 401 (1763), nom. rej.
= Shantzia Lewton; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 15 (1928)
= Thespesiopsis Exell & Hillc.; Mendonça, Contrib. Conhec. Fl. Mocamb. ii (Estud., Ens. & Docum. 12) 55(1954)
= Ulbrichia Urb.; Dansk Bot. Arkiv 4: No. 7, 7 (1924)
species :
Thespesia acutiloba (Baker f.) Exell & Mendonça; Mendonça, Contrib. Conhec. Fl. Mocamb. 2: (Estud., Ens. & Docum. 12) 63-(1954)
Name: Wild Tulip Tree
Distribution: S-Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
26 MOZ 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Thespesia populnea var. acutiloba Baker f.; J. Bot. 35: 51 (1897)
species :
Thespesia beatensis (Urb.) Fryxell; Bot. Gaz. 129: 301 (1968)
Distribution: Dominican Republic (Beata Isl.)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Armouria beata Lewton; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23: 64 (1933)
= Thespesia beata (Lewton) J.B.Hutch.; New Phytol. 46: 136 (1947)
= Ulbrichia beatensis Urb.; Dansk Bot. Arkiv 4: No. 7, 8 (1924)
species :
Thespesia cubensis (Britton & P.Wilson) J.B.Hutch.; New Phytol. 46: 135 (1947)
Name: Majagua de Cuba, Magajua negra, Majagua negra de Cuba, Majabua peluda, Majaguilla, Negra Cuba (Cuba)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Atkinsia cubensis (Britton & P.Wilson) Howard; Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 76: 97 (1949)
= Maga cubensis Britton & P.Wilson; Mem. Torr. Bot. Cl. 16: 81 (1920)
= Montezuma cubensis (Britton & P.Wilson) Urb.; Fedde, Repert. 18: 117 (1922)
species :
Thespesia danis Oliv.; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1336 (1881)
Distribution: S-Ethiopia; Somalia; E-Kenya; E-Tanzania; India (Tamil Nadu)
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Bupariti danis (Oliv.) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 7 (1944)
= Thespesia danis var. grandibracteata Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 28 (1932)
= Thespesia danis var. somalica Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 28 (1932)
species :
Thespesia fissicalyx Borss.Waalk.; Blumea 14: 112 (1966)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Thespesia garckeana F.Hoffm.; Beitr. Kenntn. Fl. Centr. Ost-Afr. 12 (1889)
Name: Snot Apple
Distribution: NE-Nigeria; SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Tanzania; ?Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo)
22 NGA 23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 CHA SSU SUD 25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Azanza garckeana (F.Hoffm.) Exell & Hillc.; Mendonça, Contrib. Conhec. Fl. Mocamb. 2: (Estud., Ens. & Docum. 12) 59 (1954), in adnot.
= Bupariti debeerstii (De Wild. & T.Durand) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 7 (1944)
= Bupariti garckeana (F.Hoffm.) Rothm.; Fedde, Repert. 53: 7 (1944)
= Bupariti hockii (De Wild.) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 7 (1944)
= Bupariti rogersii (S.Moore) Rothm.; Fedde, Repert. 53: 7 (1944)
= Bupariti trilobata (Baker f.) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 7 (1944)
= Shantzia garckeana (F.Hoffm.) Lewton; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 13, 14, figs. 1, 2 (1928)
= Thespesia debeerstii De Wild. & T.Durand; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 2, 1(2.1): 6 (1900)
= Thespesia hockii De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 3: 266 (1911)
= Thespesia rogersii S.Moore; J. Bot. 56: 5 (1918)
= Thespesia trilobata Baker f. [J.Bot.35: 52 (1897)]
variant :
var. schliebenii Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Malv. 106 (2009)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Thespesia grandiflora DC.; Prod. 1: 456 (1824)
Name: Tulipan del Japon (Dominican Republic), Maga, Magar, Magas (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: Honduras [I]; Puerto Rico
80 hon 81 PUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus grandiflorus Juss. ex DC.; Prod. 1: 456 (1824), nom. illeg., non Michx.
= Maga grandiflora (DC.) Urb.; Symb. Antill. 7: 281 (1912)
= Montezuma grandiflora (DC.) Urb.; Fedde, Repert. 24: 238 (1928)
= Montezuma speciosissima (Moc. & Sessé) ex DC.; Prod. 1: 477 (1824)
species :
Thespesia gummiflua Capuron; Adansonia n. s. 8: 7 (1968)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & A.Gibson; Bombay Fl. 19 (1861)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); Nepal; India (widespread, incl. Jammu & Kashmir); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Fiji [I]; Surinam [I]
36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MOL NWG PHI SUL 60 fij 82 sur
Synonyms: hidden
= Azanza acuminata Alef.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19: 299 (1861)
= Azanza lampas (Cav.) Alef.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19: 297 (1861)
= Azanza zollingeri Alef.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19: 298 (1861)
= Bupariti lampas (Cav.) Rothm.; Fedde, Repert. 53: 7 (1944)
= Hibiscus callosus Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 67 (1825)
= Hibiscus gangeticus Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 49 (1834)
= Hibiscus lampadius St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 127 (1880)
= Hibiscus lampas Cav.; Diss. 3: 154, t. 56, f. 2 (1787)
= Hibiscus tetralocularis Roxb.; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 198 (1832)
= Pariti gangeticum G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 485 (1831)
= Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell; Dalz. & Gibs., Bombay Fl.: 19 (1861)
= Thespesia sublobata Blanco; Fl. Filip. ed. II. 382 (1845)
variant :
var. longisepala Borss.Waalk.; Blumea 14: 118 (1966)
Distribution: India (Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Assam, Meghalaya)
40 IND
species :
Thespesia mossambicensis (Exell & Hillc.) Fryxell; Bot. Gaz. 129(4): 301, footnote (1968)
Distribution: NE-Mozambique
26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Thespesiopsis mossambicensis Exell & Hillc.; Mendonça, Contrib. Conhec. Fl. Mocamb. 2: (Estud., Ens. & Docum. 12) 55(1954)
species :
Thespesia multibracteata Borss.Waalk.; Blumea 14: 114 (1966)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Thespesia patellifera Borss.Waalk.; Blumea Suppl. 4, 154 (1958)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa; Ann. Mus. Par. 9: 290 (1807)
Name: Portia Tree, Cork-tree, Seaside mahoe, Spanish cork (EN); Alamo, Higuilla, Majagua de Florida, Majagua de la Florida, Alamo, Majaguilla, Higuillo (Cuba), Duartiana, Alamo, Alamo blanco (Dominican Republic), Feuilles d´Haiti, Grand mahaut, Grand mahot, Gros mahaut, Mortel debout (Haiti), Seaside mahoe (Jamaica), Anodyne, Bendy-tree, Catalpa, Catappa, Calfata, Cork tree, Emajaguilla, Head-ache tree, John bull tree, Mahot bord deer, Maho bod lanme, Palo de jaqueca, Santa Maria, Seaside mahoe, Spanish cork (Lesser Antilles), Carana, Clamor, Emajagua, Emajaguilla, Jaqueca, Majaguilla, Palo de jaqueca, Santa Maria (Puerto Rico), Cork tree, Heiteheite (Virgin Isl.)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Fogo Isl.); Senegal; Gambia; Guinea; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Sudan; Eritrea; E-Kenya; Mozambique; St. Helena [c]; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius (incl. Cargados Carajos Isl.); La Réunion; Rodrigues; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl.); Seychelles (incl. Remire Isl.); Iran (S-Iran); Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (SW-Yemen); China (Guangdong, Hainan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan; India (widespread); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; South China Sea Isl.; peninsular Malaysia (all coasts); Singapore; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Cocos [Keeling] Isl.; New Guinea (Mapia Atoll, Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Queensland); New Caledonia; Rotuma Isl.; Vanuatu; Tonga (Late Isl., Tongatapu, ´Eua, Lifuka, Vava´u, Tafahi); Niue; Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. and islets [Wallis]); American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Islands, Savai´i, ´Upolu); Gilbert Isl. (Butaritari, Tabiteuea); S-Line Isl. (Caroline Atoll); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, Ngaputoru Group); Marquesas Isl. (Hatutaa, Eiao, Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Mohotani, Fatu Hiva); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Bora Bora, Maupiti, Raiatea, Tetiaroa Atoll, Tupai); Gambier Isl. (Mangareva); Tuamotu Arch. (Makatea Isl., Rangiroa Atoll, Takapoto Atoll, etc.); Austral Isl. (Rurutu, Raivavae, Tubuai); Pitcairn Isl.; Henderson Isl.; Palau (Babeldaob, Sonsorol); Northern Marianas (Pagan, Alamagan, Sarigan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Lamotrek, Nomwin, Truk, Moen, Dublon, Tol, Eten, Udot, Piis, Lukunor, Satawan, Namoluk, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi, Ant, Pohnpei, Mokil, Pingelap, Kosrae); Marshall Isl. (Kwajalein, Jaluit); Wake Isl.; Hawaii (Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Bermuda; Mexico (Chiapas, Campeche, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; Saba; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia; Isla Margarita; Venezuela; Guyana; Surinam; Bolivia
21 CVI 22 BEN GAM GHA GUI NGA SEN TOG 23 CMN 24 ERI SUD 25 KEN 26 MOZ 28 sth 29 ALD COM MAU REU ROD SEY 34 IRN 35 OMA YEM 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN IND LDV MDV PAK SRL 41 AND CBD MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR CKI JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SCS SNG SUL 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ GIL NUE NWC ROT SAM TON VAN WAL 61 AUI COO GBI HEN LIN MRQ PIT SCI TUA 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU WAK 63 HAW 78 usa 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA AGU ARU BAH BBD BER BON CAY CUB CUR DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB SBA STE STK STL STM STV TCI TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL
Remarks: probably native in the Old World, only introduced in the New World
Synonyms: hidden
= Bupariti altissima (Spreng.) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 7 (1944)
= Bupariti populnea (L.) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 6 (1944)
= Hibiscus bacciferus G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 48 (1786)
= Hibiscus blumei Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 69 (1891)
= Hibiscus litoreus J.Presl; Wsobecný
= Hibiscus macrophyllus (Blume) Oken; Allg. Naturgesch. 3(2): 1223 (1841), nom. illeg.
= Hibiscus populifolius Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 383 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Hibiscus populneus L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 694 (1753)
= Malvaviscus populneus (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 253 (1791)
= Parita populneus (L.) Scop.; Introd. 282 (1777)
= Thespesia altissima Spreng.; Syst. 4: Cur. Post. 257 (1827)
= Thespesia macrophylla Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 73 (1825)
= Thespesia populnea var. bynoeana Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 965 (1928)
= Thespesia populnea var. macrocarpa Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 3: t. 173A (1888)
= Thespesia populnea var. rheedei Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 3: t. 173 (1888)
species :
Thespesia populneoides (Roxb.) Kostel.; Allg. Med. Pharm. Fl. 5: (1861)
Distribution: Burkina Faso [I]; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] (Ile Europa, Juan de Nova Isl.); Iles Glorieuses; Aldabra ; Seychelles (incl. Darros Isl.); Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Panay); Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
22 bkn 29 ALD COM IGL MCI MDG SEY 41 AND MYA NCB 42 LSI MOL PHI 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus populneoides Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 51 (1814), Fl. Ind. 3: 191 (1832)
= Thespesia banalo Blanco; Fl. Filip. ed. 2.: 382 (1845)
= Thespesia howii S.Y.Hu; Fl. China Family 153: 70, t. 22-3 (1955)
= Thespesia populnea var. populneoides (Roxb.) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 3: t. 173B (1888)
species :
Thespesia robusta Borss.Waalk.; Blumea 14: 111 (1966)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Thespesia thespesioides (R.Br. ex Benth.) Fryxell; Nat. Hist. Cotton Tribe (Malvac. tribe Gossypieae): 99 (1980)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Azanza thespesioides (R.Br. ex Benth.) F.Areces; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 181: 188 (2016)
= Cienfuegosia thespesioides (R.Br. ex Benth.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Geneve 58 (1902)
= Fugosia thespesioides R.Br. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. 1: 220 (1863)
= Gossypium thespesioides (R.Br. ex Benth.) F.Muell.; Fragm. 9: 27 (1875)
= Hibiscus thespesioides R.Br. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. 1: 220 (1863)
= Notoxylinon thespesioides (R.Br. ex Benth.) Lewton; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 306 (1915)
= Thespesia lampas var. thespesioides (R.Br. ex Benth.) Fryxell; Austral. J. Bot. 13: 97 (1965)
= Thespesia thespesioides (R.Br. ex Benth.) Dariev; Bot. Zhurn. 67(8): 1043 (1982), isonym
variant :
var. flaviflora (F.Muell.) Dariev; Bot. Zhurn. 67(8): 1043 (1982)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl.; Australia
42 LSI 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Azanza thespesioides var. flaviflora (F.Muell.) F.Areces; Brittonia 72(1): 73 (2020)
= Cienfuegosia flaviflora (F.Muell.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Geneve 56 (1902)
= Fugosia flaviflora F.Muell.; Fragm. 5: 44 (1865)
= Gossypium flaviflorum (F.Muell.) F.Muell.; Fragm. 9: 127 (1875)
= Hibiscus flaviflorus (F.Muell.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 69 (flaviflorum) (1891)
= Notoxylinon flaviflorum (F.Muell.) Lewton; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 307 (1915)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life