两个果蝇物种内部和之间的黑色素沉着和光偏好,Ecology and Evolution

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两个果蝇物种内部和之间的黑色素沉着和光偏好
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-12 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7998
Arielle M Cooley ₁ , Suzanne Schmitz ₁ , Eduardo J Cabrera ₁ , Mitchell Cutter ₁ , Maxwell Sheffield ₁ , Ian Gingerich ₁ , Gabriella Thomas ₁ , Calvin N M Lincoln ₁ , Virginia H Moore ₁ , Alexandra E Moore ₁ , Sarah A Davidson ₁ , Nikhil Lonberg ₁ , Eli B Fournier ₁ , Sophia M Love ₁ , Galen Posch ₁ , Matthew B Bihrle ₁ , Spencer D Mayer ₁ , Kuenzang Om ₁ , Lauren Wilson ₁ , Casey Q Doe ₁ , Chantalle E Vincent ₁ , Elizabeth R T Wong ₁ , Ilona Wall ₁ , Jarred Wicks ₁ , Stephon Roberts ₁

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环境适应和物种分化通常涉及一系列共同进化的特征。昆虫的色素沉着呈现出一种可变的、适应性强的、特征明确的表型，已证明与其他多种性状的相关性。在果蝇中，色素沉着基因乌木和棕褐色对果蝇对光的反应具有多效性，从而为色素沉着和视觉的相关进化创造了潜力。在这里，我们研究了两个姊妹物种Drosophila americana和D. novamexicana内部和之间光偏好的差异，它们的色素沉着不同，部分原因是乌木和棕褐色的进化并占据包括太阳辐射在内的许多变量不同的环境。我们假设较浅的色素沉着与对环境光的更大偏好相关，并使用栖息地选择实验测试了这一假设。在第一组实验中，使用D. novamexicana品系 N14 和D. americana品系 A00 的雄性，在明亮的栖息地中，较轻的D. novamexicana被发现的频率略高于D. americana，但频率明显高于D. americana。第二个实验，包括额外的品系和雌性以及雄性，未能发现D. novamexicana -N14 和D. americana -A00之间的任何显着差异。此外，另一条暗线与我们的预测相反，D. americana (A04) 比体轻的D. novamexicana -N14更常出现在明亮的栖息地。然而，最轻线D.美洲，A01，基本上和显著更经常发现在光栖息地比两个暗线D.美洲，从而提供了我们的假设的部分支持。最后，在所有四行中，雌性在明亮的栖息地中比深色的雄性更常见。需要额外的复制来证实这些发现并评估相互矛盾的结果，物种内部和物种之间性别的一致影响为进一步研究提供了一个特别有趣的途径。

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Melanic pigmentation and light preference within and between two Drosophila species

Environmental adaptation and species divergence often involve suites of co-evolving traits. Pigmentation in insects presents a variable, adaptive, and well-characterized class of phenotypes for which correlations with multiple other traits have been demonstrated. In Drosophila, the pigmentation genes ebony and tan have pleiotropic effects on flies' response to light, creating the potential for correlated evolution of pigmentation and vision. Here, we investigate differences in light preference within and between two sister species, Drosophila americana and D. novamexicana, which differ in pigmentation in part because of evolution at ebony and tan and occupy environments that differ in many variables including solar radiation. We hypothesized that lighter pigmentation would be correlated with a greater preference for environmental light and tested this hypothesis using a habitat choice experiment. In a first set of experiments, using males of D. novamexicana line N14 and D. americana line A00, the light-bodied D. novamexicana was found slightly but significantly more often than D. americana in the light habitat. A second experiment, which included additional lines and females as well as males, failed to find any significant difference between D. novamexicana-N14 and D. americana-A00. Additionally, the other dark line of D. americana (A04) was found in the light habitat more often than the light-bodied D. novamexicana-N14, in contrast to our predictions. However, the lightest line of D. americana, A01, was found substantially and significantly more often in the light habitat than the two darker lines of D. americana, thus providing partial support for our hypothesis. Finally, across all four lines, females were found more often in the light habitat than their more darkly pigmented male counterparts. Additional replication is needed to corroborate these findings and evaluate conflicting results, with the consistent effect of sex within and between species providing an especially intriguing avenue for further research.

更新日期：2021-09-24

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