Parasites of Fish from the Great Lakes - Great Lakes Fishery ...

Parasites of Fish from the Great Lakes: A Synopsis and 

Review of the Literature, 1871-2010 

Miscellaneous Publication 2011-01

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COMMISSIONERS 

Canada United States 

Robert G. Lambe, Chair Michael Hansen, Vice Chair 

Robert Hecky William James 

Siddika Mithani Thomas Strickland 

Virginia West David Ullrich 

William Taylor (Alternate) 

February 2011

Parasites of Fish from the Great Lakes: A Synopsis and Review of the 

Literature, 1871-2010 

Patrick M. Muzzall 1 and Gary Whelan 

Citation: Muzzall, P.M., and Whelan, G. 2011. Parasites of fish from the Great Lakes: a synopsis and 

review of the literature, 1871-2010. Great Lakes Fish. Comm. Misc. Publ. 2011-01. 

Great Lakes Fishery Commission 

2100 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100 

Ann Arbor, MI 48105-1563 

February 2011 

ISSN: 1090-106x (print) 

1553-8087 (online) 

P.M. Muzzall 1 . Michigan State University, Department of Zoology, 203 Natural Science Building, East Lansing, MI 

48824, USA. 

G. Whelan. Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 30466, Lansing, MI 48909, USA. 

1 Corresponding author (e-mail: muzzall@msu.edu).

Printed on recycled paper. 

Miscellaneous Publication 2011-01

Table of Contents 

OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................1 

INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................2 

MATERIALS, METHODS, AND INTERPRETATION ...........................................................3 

Literature Analyses.......................................................................................................................3 

Classification and Taxonomy .......................................................................................................3 

Parasite-Fish Analyses..................................................................................................................9 

LAKE MICHIGAN......................................................................................................................10 

Results.........................................................................................................................................10 

Parasite Species .....................................................................................................................................10 

Fish Species—Parasite Analyses...........................................................................................................13 

Fish Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses..............................................................14 

Jaccard Coefficients of Parasite Communities—Fish Families.............................................................15 

Discussion...................................................................................................................................15 

Pathogenic Parasites ..............................................................................................................................16 

Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients ...................................................................................18 

Fish Families—Parasite Communities ..................................................................................................19 

LAKE SUPERIOR .......................................................................................................................61 

Results.........................................................................................................................................61 

Parasite Species .....................................................................................................................................61 

Fish Species—Parasite Analyses...........................................................................................................64 

Fish Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses..............................................................64 

Jaccard Coefficients of Parasite Communities—Fish Families.............................................................66 

Discussion...................................................................................................................................66 

Pathogenic Parasites ..............................................................................................................................67 

Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients ...................................................................................69 

Fish Families—Parasite Communities ..................................................................................................69 

ST. MARYS RIVER...................................................................................................................127 

Results.......................................................................................................................................127 

Parasite Species ...................................................................................................................................127 

Fish Species—Parasite Analysis .........................................................................................................128 

Discussion.................................................................................................................................128 

LAKE HURON...........................................................................................................................145 

Results.......................................................................................................................................145 

Parasite Species ...................................................................................................................................145 

Fish Species—Parasite Analyses.........................................................................................................149 

Fish Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses............................................................149 

Jaccard Coefficients of Parasite Communities—Fish Families...........................................................151 

Discussion.................................................................................................................................152 

Pathogenic Parasites ............................................................................................................................152 

Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients .................................................................................155 

Fish Families—Parasite Communities ................................................................................................156

ST. CLAIR SYSTEM (ST. CLAIR RIVER, LAKE ST. CLAIR, DETROIT RIVER) .......267 

St. Clair River—Results and Discussion ..................................................................................267 

Lake St. Clair—Results and Discussion ...................................................................................267 

Detroit River—Results and Discussion ....................................................................................268 

LAKE ERIE................................................................................................................................284 

Results.......................................................................................................................................284 

Parasite Species—Overview................................................................................................................284 

Fish Species—Parasite Analyses Overview ........................................................................................287 



Discussion.................................................................................................................................291 



Fish Families—Parasite Communities ................................................................................................294 

NIAGARA RIVER .....................................................................................................................426 

Results and Discussion .............................................................................................................426 

LAKE ONTARIO.......................................................................................................................428 

Results.......................................................................................................................................428 

Parasite Species—Overview................................................................................................................428 

Fish Species—Parasite Analyses Overview ........................................................................................431 



Discussion.................................................................................................................................434 



Fish Families—Parasite Communities ................................................................................................438 

OVERALL SUMMARY FOR ALL GREAT LAKES............................................................519 

Fish-Parasite Commonality in the Great Lakes ........................................................................519 

Fish-Transmitted Parasites of Public Health Importance ....................................................................521 

Major Parasite Groups Occurring in Fish in the Great Lakes..............................................................524 

Parasite Host Specificity......................................................................................................................526 

Jaccard Coefficients of Similarity for Parasite Communities Among the Five Great Lakes...............527 

Parasite Species-Richness, Autogenic-Allogenic Helminth Species, and Jaccard Coefficients of 

Parasite-Community Similarity for Specific Fish Species...................................................................529 

Lakes, Fish Faunas, and Parasite Communities...................................................................................533 

Conceptual Framework to Study Fish Health in the Great Lakes........................................................535 

CONCLUSIONS.........................................................................................................................536 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..........................................................................................................536 

REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................537

PREFACE 

There has been no comprehensive work on the parasites of fish in the Great Lakes and their 

connecting waters, so to us, the need for the present synopsis was obvious. This synopsis 

organizes and discusses the available information from previous studies on the protozoans, 

helminths (parasitic worms), leeches, copepods, and molluscs that are parasites of the fish in the 

Great Lakes and their connecting waters. Original material resulting from the research of P. 

Muzzall and G. Whelan and their colleagues forms only a small fraction of this synopsis. Indeed, 

the most-perplexing problem was interpretation of these organized data and materials because of 

their lack of uniformity as well as the absence of data and information for some parasites. 

Considerable documentation has been provided in this synopsis to find and consult the literature. 

By no means should this synopsis replace the original literature. This synopsis will be of practical 

use and a source of information for aquatic parasitologists, ichthyologists, fisheries biologists, 

and other researchers. 

This synopsis, in addition to providing a descriptive analysis of the parasites infecting fish in the 

Great Lakes, should provide a foundation for future studies. The effects of parasites on their fish 

hosts are often underestimated, unappreciated, and ignored by many investigators. In addition, the 

occurrence and effect of non-native parasite species on exotic and endemic fishes has been little 

studied. Aquatic parasitologists along with fish-health specialists, fisheries biologists and other 

investigators should take a holistic approach to study each Great Lake. Parasites are major players 

in the biology of fishes and more research into their role on the Great Lakes ecosystem is needed. 

It is hoped that this synopsis will stimulate renewed interest in current and future fish-parasite 

research.

OVERVIEW 

This synopsis is the first one to describe and summarize the parasites of fish from the Great Lakes 

and their connecting waters. The synopsis is based on information from the literature (articles, 

theses, dissertations, reports) on the major parasite groups (protozoans, digenetic trematodes, 

monogeneans, aspidobothreans, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephalans, leeches, copepods, 

molluscs) of fish in the Great Lakes from 1871 through 2010. The synopsis is organized into two 

sections for each lake or connecting water: 1) a list of the parasite species by taxonomic group 

and family, followed by their synonyms, site of infection, fish hosts and studies; and 2) a list of 

the fish species in each Great Lake and connecting body of water by family, followed by their 

parasites and studies. The number of parasite species found, the number of fish species examined, 

and the number of studies performed for each lake are, respectively: Lake Michigan—90, 44, 41; 

Lake Superior—148, 37, 35; Lake Huron—242, 76, 60; Lake Erie—231, 89, 69; and Lake 

Ontario—228, 60, 39. There was no significant correlation between the number of parasite 

species reported from the lakes and their surface area (rs = 0.100). Although not significant, 

correlations were high between the number of parasite species from each lake and number of fish 

species examined (rs = 0.800) and number of parasite studies performed (rs = 0.600). Parasites 

considered to be pathogenic to fish and found to be contributors to fish mortality are identified 

and discussed. The few parasite species in Great Lakes fish that may be hazardous to human 

health are also detailed in this synopsis. Fish species that are widespread and common were most 

studied and, in general, more parasite species were reported from them compared to the lessstudied 

fish species. Consequently, yellow perch (Perca flavescens) had the highest parasite 

species-richness in each lake, except for lake herring/cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Lake Superior. 

The acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus salmonis infected the most fish species in Lakes Michigan 

and Superior, whereas the larval digenetic trematodes (Diplostomum spathaceum or unidentified 

species of Diplostomum) infected the most species in Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario. A total of 

31 and 49 parasite species infected fish from all 5 Great Lakes and from 4 lakes, respectively. 

Few studies have been performed on the parasites of fish in the connecting waterways of the 

Great Lakes. 

Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity, the autogenic-allogenic helminth species 

dichotomy, and the most-important parasite groups based on percentages were analyzed and 

separated by the five fish families (Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Percidae, 

Salmonidae) for each lake. Jaccard coefficients for the parasite faunas among these five fish 

families were low in each lake, indicating that fish in these families do not share many parasite 

species and their parasite faunas are different. Similarly, low Jaccard coefficients for rock bass 

(Ambloplites rupestris), spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), white sucker (Catostomus 

commersonii), Perca flavescens, lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), lake trout (Salvelinus 

namaycush), and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) among the lakes also indicate that the parasite 

communities are not similar. Fish in these five families were similar to one another when the 

percentages of major parasite groups are compared, but the specific parasite species in each major 

parasite group were not that similar among the lakes. Based on the available literature involving 

1

fish species examined and parasites found, each Great Lake was somewhat different from the 

others. Percids were the prominent fish species examined in Lake Michigan; salmonids in Lake 

Superior; cyprinids, percids, and centrarchids in Lake Huron; and centrarchids, percids, and 

cyprinids in Lakes Erie and Ontario. Autogenic helminths were common to all of the prominent 

fish in each lake. 

INTRODUCTION 

Prior to this effort there have been limited attempts to synthesize and compile all of the existing 

parasite data into one document. The literature on the parasites of fish in the Great Lakes is 

extensive, diverse, and fragmented throughout many publications. Historically, studies have 

focused on three major areas: parasite taxonomy, parasite faunal surveys, and parasite life 

histories. Many of these parasite studies are limited in that only one parasite species or parasite 

group was studied, only one fish species was studied, or the number of fish examined was small. 

Only a few of the studies are on parasites that are considered to be pathogenic to fish and 

contribute to fish mortality. Scattered among these articles are those dealing with the presence of 

parasites in edible fish products and fish-transmitted parasites of human-health importance. These 

studies were not prompted by some pressing or continuous issue involving fish biology, parasites, 

pathology, or holistic lake approach, but represent the unknown interests of specific investigators 

at certain agencies and institutions. Margolis and Arthur (1979) and Dechtiar and co-workers 

listed the parasites of fishes in Canadian waters of the Great Lakes and Hudson et al. (2003) 

presented a list on the internet of some parasitic copepods of some fish species in the Great 

Lakes. However, these efforts were not totally inclusive and no other synopses have been 

published since that time. The objective of this present study was to summarize all of the 

available information on the parasites of fishes from the Great Lakes and their connecting waters 

in an accessible form in a single document. This synopsis will provide a baseline reference for 

investigators interested in these parasites and fish and provide an initial descriptive analysis of the 

parasites and their communities of fish from these lakes. This fish-parasite baseline will be 

valuable in evaluating changes brought about by environmental variation and the introduction of 

exotic organisms. 

Esch (1971) proposed a means of characterizing aquatic environments using autogenic and 

allogenic helminth species. Autogenic helminth species complete their life cycles in fish, and 

allogenic helminth species complete their life cycles in piscivorous birds and mammals. Using 

this autogenic-allogenic dichotomy, another study objective was to describe, compare, and 

separate the helminth faunas of specific fish species and fish families in the Great Lakes, as well 

as to attempt to characterize the Great Lakes using the parasite species of fish. Finally, the present 

study describes the entire parasite fauna of fish in the Great Lakes and not just the helminth fauna 

as many previous studies have done in other aquatic environments. 

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MATERIALS, METHODS, AND INTERPRETATION 

Literature Analyses 

Information for this synopsis was gleaned from all forms of scientific literature (theses, 

dissertations, journal reports, as well as agency reports and other grey literature) on the parasites 

of fish from the Great Lakes and their connecting waters. This information is presented as a 

parasite-host list and as a host-parasite list. The parasite-host list is organized on a taxonomic 

basis and includes for each parasite species: the major taxonomic group; family; synonym(s), if 

any; the site of infection in/on the fish; the host-fish species; author(s) and date(s) of article(s); 

date(s) when fish were collected; parasite prevalence (percentage of fish infected in a sample), 

and/or mean intensity (mean number of individual parasites per infected fish), and/or mean 

abundance (mean number of individual parasites per examined fish); and study location in the 

lake, including latitude and longitude, if available. Authors responsible for this information are 

listed in alphabetical order. When the site of infection for a parasite species in or on its fish host 

was not provided in the original record, the site typical for that parasite on that fish host from 

non-Great Lakes records was provided in brackets. If a string of different fish hosts refers to the 

same study for a parasite species, the date of fish collection and latitude and longitude are 

included only once with the first entry of the string. It is important to emphasize that some 

data/information were difficult to interpret in some original sources and may be interpreted 

differently depending on the investigator. The association of some parasitological studies with a 

Great Lake may be conjecture, but we did our best to understand the data and the author(s) 

interpretation. The compiled information covers the period 1871 through 2010. Studies on 

viruses, bacteria, fungi, and lamprey parasitism of fish from the Great Lakes are not included in 

this synopsis. 

Classification and Taxonomy 

The basis of the higher classification used for the Protozoa is that proposed by Lom and Dykova 

(1992). Taxonomic systems for the helminth phyla and families and leeches (Hirudinea) are based 

on the following sources: Monogenea and Aspidobothrea (Yamaguti 1963a; Schell 1985), 

Digenea (Yamaguti 1953; Yamaguti 1971; Schell 1985; Gibson 1996); Cestoda (Wardle and 

Mcleod 1952; Yamaguti 1959); Nematoda (Yamaguti 1961; Anderson 1992); Acanthocephala 

(Yamaguti 1963b; Amin 2002); and Hirudinea (Klemm 1972; Klemm 1991). Classification of the 

Copepoda follows that proposed by Yamaguti (1963c) and Kabata (1969, 1988), and 

classification of the freshwater mussels follows that of Thorp and Covich (2001). Hoffman (1999) 

was consulted for information on the taxonomic status of several parasite species if there was 

ambiguity in the above sources. Current accepted scientific names are used for each parasite 

species. Synonyms of parasite species used in the past are included to assist the reader in 

interpreting earlier studies. Over the years, the scientific names of many parasite species have 

3

changed, especially some monogeneans. Current scientific names are used in this publication, and 

it is emphasized that investigators should check the status of these current scientific names when 

specific work is being done on each parasite species. Remarks for each parasite species (biology, 

taxonomy, misidentification, etc.) are included where appropriate. 

The host-parasite list is organized according to the taxonomy of the fish host by family. Within 

each fish family, genera and species are listed alphabetically. The scientific names of fish follow 

those recommended by Nelson et al. (2004) and are used throughout this synopsis to avoid 

confusion since there are numerous parasite species that are host-specific. An alphabetical list of 

fish scientific names and their corresponding common names is given in Table 1. Parasites 

reported in each fish species are followed by the specific literature source(s) listed alphabetically 

by author(s). When a parasite species such as Eubothrium salvelini occurs in a fish species such 

as Salvelinus namaycush, and the genus Eubothrium sp. is also found, these are counted as only 

one species when quantitative information is presented. Furthermore, when a parasite species is 

reported as an adult in a fish species and as a larval/immature stage in the same fish species or 

different fish species in the same fish family, this parasite is only counted in the adult parasite 

category. 

Table 1. A list of scientific and common names of fish used in this publication. 

Scientific name Common name 

Acipenser fulvescens lake sturgeon 

Alosa chrysochloris skipjack herring 

Alosa pseudoharengus alewife 

Ambloplites rupestris rock bass 

Ameiurus melas black bullhead 

Ameiurus natalis yellow bullhead 

Ameiurus nebulosus brown bullhead 

Ameiurus sp. bullhead 

Amia calva bowfin 

Ammocrypta pellucida eastern sand darter 

Anguilla rostrata American eel 

Apeltes quadracus fourspine stickleback 

Aphredoderus sayanus pirate perch 

Aplodinotus grunniens freshwater drum 

Apollonia melanostoma round goby 

Campostoma anomalum central stoneroller 

Carassius auratus goldfish 

Carpiodes cyprinus quillback 

4

Table 1, continued. 


Catostomus catostomus longnose sucker 

Catostomus commersonii white sucker 

centrarchid bream 

Chaenobryttus gulosus warmouth 

Coregonus alpenae longjaw chub 

Coregonus artedi lake herring/cisco 

Coregonus clupeaformis lake whitefish 

Coregonus hoyi bloater 

Coregonus johannae deepwater cisco 

Coregonus kiyi kiyi 

Coregonus nigripinnis blackfin cisco 

Coregonus reighardi shortnose cisco 

Coregonus prognathus longjaw whitefish 

Coregonus zenithecus shortjaw cisco 

Coregonus spp. coregonids 

Coregonus spp. ciscoes 

Cottus bairdii mottled sculpin 

Cottus cognatus slimy sculpin 

Cottus ricei spoonhead sculpin 

Cottus spp. sculpin 

cottid sculpin 

Couesius plumbeus lake chub 

Culaea inconstans brook stickleback 

Cyprinus carpio common carp 

Cyprinus carpio x Carassius auratus common carp/goldfish hybrid 

Cyprinella lutrensis red shiner 

Cyprinella spiloptera spotfin shiner 

Cyprinella whipplei steelcolor shiner 

Dorosoma cepedianum gizzard shad 

Erimyzon oblongus creek chubsucker 

Erimyzon sucetta lake chubsucker 

Esox americanus redfin pickerel 

Esox lucius northern pike 

5



Esox masquinongy muskellunge 

Esox niger chain pickerel 

Etheostoma blennioides greenside darter 

Etheostoma caeruleum rainbow darter 

Etheostoma exile Iowa darter 

Etheostoma flabellare fantail darter 

Etheostoma microperca least darter 

Etheostoma nigrum Johnny darter 

Etheostoma olmstedi tessellated darter 

Fundulus diaphanus banded killifish 

Fundulus spp. killifish/topminnow 

Gasterosteus aculeatus threespine stickleback 

Gasterosteidae sticklebacks 

Gymnocephalus cernuus ruffe 

Hiodon tergisus mooneye 

Hybognathus hankinsoni brassy minnow 

Hypentelium nigricans northern hog sucker 

Ichthyomyzon castaneus chestnut lamprey 

Ichthyomyzon fossor northern brook lamprey 

Ichthyomyzon unicuspis silver lamprey 

Ictalurus punctatus channel catfish 

Ictiobus cyprinellus bigmouth buffalo 

Labidesthes sicculus brook silverside 

Lampetra appendix American brook lamprey 

Lepisosteus oculatus spotted gar 

Lepisosteus platostomus shortnose gar 

Lepomis cyanellus green sunfish 

Lepomis gibbosus pumpkinseed 

Lepomis humilis orangespotted sunfish 

Lepomis macrochirus bluegill 

Lepomis megalotis longear sunfish 

Lota lota burbot 

Luxilus cornutus common shiner 

6



Lythrurus umbratilis redfin shiner 

Macrhybopsis storeriana silver chub 

Margariscus margarita pearl dace 

Micropterus dolomieu smallmouth bass 

Micropterus salmoides largemouth bass 

Micropterus spp. bass 

Minytrema melanops spotted sucker 

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus oriental weatherfish 

Morone americana white perch 

Morone chrysops white bass 

Moxostoma anisurum silver redhorse 

Moxostoma duquesnei black redhorse 

Moxostoma erythrurum golden redhorse 

Moxostoma macrolepidotum shorthead redhorse 

Moxostoma valenciennesi greater redhorse 

Moxostoma spp. redhorse 

Myoxocephalus thompsonii deepwater sculpin 

Notropis atherinoides emerald shiner 

Nocomis biguttatus hornyhead chub 

Nocomis micropogon river chub 

Notemigonus crysoleucas golden shiner 

Notropis anogenus pugnose shiner 

Notropis atherinoides emerald shiner 

Notropis buccatus silverjaw minnow 

Notropis bifrenatus bridle shiner 

Notropis buchanani ghost shiner 

Notropis delicatus (= Notropis atherinoides) emerald shiner 

Notropis heterodon blackchin shiner 

Notropis heterolepis blacknose shiner 

Notropis hudsonius spottail shiner 

Notropis rubellus rosyface shiner 

Notropis stramineus (= Notropis ludibundus) sand shiner 

Notropis volucellus mimic shiner 

7


Scientific name Common Name 

Noturus flavus stonecat 

Noturus gyrinus tadpole madtom 

Noturus miurus brindled madtom 

Noturus stigmosus northern madtom 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha pink salmon 

Oncorhynchus kisutch coho salmon 

Oncorhynchus mykiss rainbow trout 

Oncorhynchus nerka sockeye salmon/kokanee 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Chinook salmon 

Opsopoeodus emiliae pugnose minnow 

Osmerus mordax rainbow smelt 

Perca flavescens yellow perch 

Percina caprodes logperch 

Percina copelandi channel darter 

Percina maculata blackside darter 

Percina shumardi river darter 

Percopsis omiscomaycus trout-perch 

Petromyzon marinus sea lamprey 

Phoxinus eos northern redbelly dace 

Phoxinus neogaeus finscale dace 

Pimephales promelas fathead minnow 

Pimephales notatus bluntnose minnow 

Pomoxis annularis white crappie 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus black crappie 

Prosopium coulterii pygmy whitefish 

Prosopium cylindraceum round whitefish 

Proterorhinus marmoratus tubenose goby 

Pungitius pungitius ninespine stickleback 

Pylodictis olivaris flathead catfish 

Rhinichthys cataractae longnose dace 

Rhinichthys obtusus western blacknose dace 

Salmo salar Atlantic salmon 

Salmo trutta brown trout 

8


Scientific name Common Name 

Salvelinus alpinus Arctic char 

Salvelinus alpinus Arctic char 

Salvelinus fontinalis brook trout 

Salvelinus namaycush lake trout 

Salvelinus fontinalis x S. namaycush splake 

Sander canadensis (= canadense) sauger 

Sander glaucum blue pike 

Sander vitreus walleye 

Scardinius erythrophthalmus rudd 

Semotilus atromaculatus creek chub 

Semotilus corporalis fallfish 

Umbra limi central mudminnow 

Parasite-Fish Analyses 

In this synopsis, developmental stages of helminths were divided into larval, immature, and adult 

stages. Larval stages are generally considered to be encysted and not occurring in the digestive 

tract. Also, larval stages of some species of the digenetic trematode Diplostomum and a few 

species of other digenetic trematode genera and other helminth species do not encyst, but these 

were still considered larvae if they were not in the digestive tract. Immature helminths found in 

the digestive tract were not classified as larvae nor were they considered adults. Adult helminths 

mature in their fish hosts, no matter where they infect the fish. This separation of developmental 

stages is useful to characterize the helminth faunas of fish species and fish families in the Great 

Lakes. 

The parasite faunas of five fish families, and specific fish species in each family (Centrarchidae— 

Ambloplites rupestris, Cyprinidae—Notropis hudsonius, Catostomidae—Catostomus 

commersonii, Percidae—Perca flavescens, and Salmonidae—Coregonis clupeaformis, Salvelinus 

namaycush) common to all five Great Lakes are compared based on host taxonomy and the 

general thermal-habitat/temperature preferences for fish in these families for each lake. Osmerus 

mordax in Osmeridae is also involved in this comparison. Cyprinids and catostomids are in the 

order Cypriniformes, centrarchids and percids are in the order Perciformes, and salmonids are in 

the order Salmoniformes. In general, fish in the Cyprinidae and Catostomidae can be considered 

coolwater species and temperature generalists, individuals in the Centrarchidae as coolwaterwarmwater 

species, those in the Percidae as coolwater, and fish in the Salmonidae as coldwater. 

Using this host taxonomy, as well as the general thermal-habitat/temperature preferences for each 

fish family in each Great Lake as general separations, one would expect the parasite faunas to be 

9

most similar among fish or fish families in the same order and within the general thermal-habitat 

designations, and most dissimilar among fish or fish families from different orders and different 

general thermal-habitat designations. 

Species-richness is the number of parasite species and distinct genera (parasite genus reported 

from a fish but a species for that genus was not given in the original article) infecting a fish 

species or fish family. The Jaccard coefficient of community similarity (CCj) used to quantify 

parasite community similarity between two fish species or two fish families, was calculated as 

CCj = C/(S1 + S2 – C) 

where S1 and S2 are the number of parasite species in each of two fish species or two fish families, 

and C is the number of species common to both species or families (Brower and Zar 1984). The 

coefficients range from 0 to 1.0. Generally, as the number of parasite species and distinct genera 

that infect both fish species or fish in both families being compared increases, so does the 

coefficient, indicating the parasite communities are more similar. 

One caveat is important to mention regarding this synopsis. A rigorous statistical analysis to 

identify determinants of the parasite species present, the parasite communities present, and 

parasite species-richness in several fish species and in fish families within a Great Lake, and 

between and among these lakes is not one of our objectives and is beyond the scope of this 

synopsis. For those investigators who are interested in such statistical analyses, there are several, 

including Bell and Burt (1991), Aho and Bush (1993), Takemoto et al. (2005), Kennedy (2009), 

and references therein. 

Parasite Species 

LAKE MICHIGAN 

Results 

Ninety parasite species in 11 major parasite groups (1 Mastigophora, 2 Ciliophora, 20 Myxozoa, 

1 Microspora, 12 adult Digenea, 4 larval/immature Digenea, 2 Monogenea, 8 adult Cestoda, 7 

larval/immature Cestoda, 10 adult Nematoda, 3 larval/immature Nematoda, 8 adult 

Acanthocephala, 5 Hirudinea, 7 Copepoda) were found in 44 fish species examined from Lake 

Michigan (Table 2). The parasites by taxonomic group and family infecting fish from Lake 

Michigan are listed in Table 3. Although Eubothrium salvelini, Cyathocephalus truncatus, 

Proteocephalus sp., Raphidascaris acus, Capillaria sp., Dichelyne cotylophora, Cystidicola 

stigmatura, Acanthocephalus dirus, Echinorhynchus salmonis, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, and 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus occurred in both adult and larval/immature stages, they are listed as 

adults and only counted once. A total of 41 studies conducted during 1874-2010 have reported on 

some aspect of a parasite species infecting one or more fish species from Lake Michigan. Most 

studies were done after 1959 (Table 4). 

10

Protozoans 

Of the protozoans, only one species of mastigophoran, Trypanosoma sp., has been reported from 

fish. Two genera of ciliates, Trichodina and Capriniana, occurred on the gills of four fish species 

(Table 3). The myxozoans are the most-common protozoan group based on the number of species 

found (1 of Chloromyxum, 2 of Myxidium, 4 of Henneguya, 8 of Myxobolus, 1 of Thelohanellus, 

1 of Zschokkella, 2 of Myxobilatus, and 1 of Sphaerospora). Most of these species are hostspecific 

to a particular fish family. Only one microsporan species, Pleistophora sp., has been 

reported from only one fish species, Myoxocephalus thompsonii. 

Digenetic Trematodes 

Thirteen species of adult trematodes representing six families have been reported. Many of these 

species were reported from only one fish species or from two or more species in one fish family. 

Most species occurred in the intestine, except for Acetodextra amiuri (swim bladder), and 

Phyllodistomum staffordi and Phyllodistomum superbum (urinary bladder). At least four species 

of larval trematodes (metacercariae) have been reported from eight fish species. The entries 

involving Diplostomum spp. are separated based on infection site. It is not known if these are 

distinct species of Diplostomum. 

Monogeneans 

Only two species of monogeneans (Urocleidus adspectus and an unidentified species in the 

family Octocotylidae) have been reported from two species of fishes, Perca flavescens and 

Coregonus hoyi. 

Cestodes 

Eight species of adult cestodes representing six genera in five families have been found. 

Glaridacris catostomi was found only in catostomids, Eubothrium crassum was found in 

Salvelinus namaycush and Lota lota, Bothriocephalus cuspidatus was reported only in Perca 

flavescens, Corallobothrium sp. was found in Ameiurus nebulosus, Proteocephalus exiguus was 

found in coregonids and Petromyzon marinus, and Proteocephalus pearsei was reported only in 

P. flavescens. Eubothrium salvelini infected six fish species in the Salmonidae. Cyathocephalus 

truncatus occurred in six species in four fish families. Two species (E. salvelini, C. truncatus) 

found as adults also occurred as immature individuals in the intestine of fish. Although 

Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Triaenophorus nodulosus, and Triaenophorus crassus occurred as 

larval and/or immature stages, adults of these species have not yet been reported from fish. At 

least eight species of immature cestodes in five cestode families have been reported. The family 

Diphyllobothriidae is represented by three genera (Diphyllobothrium, Ligula, Schistocephalus). 

Diphyllobothrium sp. infected five fish species. 

11

Nematodes 

Ten species of adult nematodes in seven families were reported from fishes. Many nematode 

species are host-specific. Raphidascaris acus was only found in esocids, and Camallanus 

oxycephalus, Philometra cylindracea, and Rhabdochona ovifilamenta occurred only in Perca 

flavescens. Dichelyne cotylophora was also found in Perca flavescens, but was also reported from 

Catostomus commersonii and Ameiuras melas. Cystidicola farionis infected five fish species. 

Cystidicola spp. was found only in the swim bladder of salmonids. At least nine nematode species 

in seven nematode families have been reported as larval or immature stages. Non-intestinal larvae 

of Contracaecum sp., R. acus, D. cotylophora, Cystidicola stigmatura, Eustrongylides tubifex, 

Eustrongylides sp., and P. cylindracea were found. Immature Capillaria sp., Spinitectus sp., and 

Haplonema hamulatum have been documented in the intestines of Lake Michigan fish. 

Acanthocephalans 

Eight species of adult acanthocephalans representing four families were reported. 

Echinorhynchus salmonis and Acanthocephalus dirus infected 17 and 13 fish species, 

respectively. Echinorhynchus salmonis was the most-prevalent and numerous intestinal helminth 

parasite of Oncorhynchus. Neoechinorhynchus crassus and Octospinifer macilentus are hostspecific 

to catostomids. All species represented as larvae or immature individuals (A. dirus, E. 

salmonis, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, Leptorhynchoides thecatus) found in non-intestinal sites 

are also included in the adult category. Some female E. salmonis found in non-intestinal sites of 

Osmerus mordax were gravid. 

Leeches 

Five species of leeches (Desserobdella picta, Placobdella parasitica, Piscicola milneri, Piscicola 

punctata, Piscicolaria sp.) representing two families have been reported. Desserobdella picta and 

P. milneri parasitized two and three fish species, respectively. 

Crustaceans 

At least seven species of copepods in two families were found on Lake Michigan fish. Four 

species of Ergasilus occurred on the gills of a variety of species. Ergasilus caeruleus and 

Ergasilus luciopercarum were found on four and five fish species, respectively. Achtheres 

pimelodi occurred on three fish species, and two species of Salmincola were found on salmonids. 

12

Fish Species—Parasite Analyses 

A total of 44 fish species and three locally extirpated species (Coregonus johannae, C. 

nigripinnis, C. prognathus) from 19 families in Lake Michigan have had parasites reported from 

them (Table 5). Perca flavescens harbored the most parasite species (31), followed by 

Catostomus commersonii with 15, and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha with 14. Fish species found to 

have eight or more parasite species were Petromyzon marinus, Alosa pseudoharengus, Notropis 

hudsonius, Coregonus hoyi, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus namaycush, and Ambloplites 

rupestris. Of the 44 species examined for parasites, 22 species (50%) had been examined 

(studied) only once (Petromyzon marinus, Acipenser fulvescens, Cyprinus carpio, Notropis 

delicatus (probably N. atherinoides), Pimephales promelas, Catostomus catostomus, Apollonia 

melanostoma, Ameiurus nebulosus, Noturus gyrinus, Esox americanus , Umbra limi, Coregonus 

johannae, Percopsis omiscomaycus, Fundulus sp., Culaea inconstans, Pungitius pungitius, 

Myoxocephalus thompsonii, Ambloplitis rupestris, Lepomis gibbosus, Micropterus dolomieu, 

Etheostoma exile, Aplodinotus grunniens), 7 species only examined (studied) twice (Ameiurus 

melas, Esox lucius, Coregonus nigripinnis, C. prognathus, Cottus bairdii, Etheostoma nigrum, 

Percina caprodes), 4 species had three examinations (Alosa pseudoharengus, Notropis 

hudsonius, Catostomus commersonii, Osmerus mordax), and 9 species had at least four 

examinations (Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, Oncorhynchus kisutch, O. mykiss, O. 

tshawytscha, Salmo trutta, Lota lota, Cottus cognatus). Salvelinus namaycush and Perca 

flavescens had 8 and 13 studies performed on their parasites, respectively. 

Seventy-three fish species plus one hybrid, Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis, in Lake 

Michigan that are not kown to have been examined for parasites are: Ichthyomyzon castaneus, I. 

fossor, I. unicuspis, Lampetra appendix, Lepisosteus oculatus, L. osseus, L. platostomus, Amia 

calva, Hiodon tergisus, Alosa chrysochloris, Dorosoma cepedianum, Campostoma anomalum, 

Carassius auratus, Couesius plumbeus, Cyprinella lutrensis, C. spiloptera, Hybognathus 

hankinsoni, Luxilus cornutus, Lythrurus umbratilis, Margariscus margarita, Nocomis biguttatus, 

N. micropogon, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis anogenus, N. heterodon, N. heterolepis, N. 

rubellus, N. volucellus, N. stramineus, Opsopoeodus emiliae, Phoxinus eos, P. neogaeus, 

Pimephales promelas, Rhinichthys cataractae, R. obtusus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, 

Semotilus atromaculatus, Carpiodes cyprinus, Erimyzon oblongus, Erimyzon sucetta, 

Hypentelium nigricans, Ictiobus cyprinellus, Minytrema melanops, Moxostoma anisurum, M. 

erythrurum, M. macrolepidotum, M. valenciennesi, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Ameiurus 

natalis, Ictalurus punctatus, Noturus flavus, Pylodictis olivaris, Esox masquinongy, 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Prosopium cylindraceum, Salvelinus fontinalis, Aphredoderus 

sayannus, Labidesthes sicculus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Morone americana, M. chrysops, 

Lepomis macrochirus, L. megalotis, Micropterus salmoides, Pomoxis annularis, P. 

nigromaculatus, Etheostoma caeruleum, E. flabellare, E. microperca, Percina maculata, P. 

shumardi, Sander canadensis, and S. vitreus. 

13

Fish Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses 

The values for parasite species-richness and number of fish species examined (in parentheses), 

regardless of parasite life-stage, for each of the five major fish families were Centrarchidae (13, 

3), Catostomidae (15, 2), Cyprinidae (12, 4), Percidae (33, 4), and Salmonidae (27, 11). The 

correlation coefficient between parasite species-richness and number of fish species examined in 

each of the above five families was nonsignificant (rs = 0.307). 

Parasite species or a specific genus found only in centrarchids were adult digenetic trematodes 

(Caecinicola parvulus, Cryptogonimus chili), leeches (Piscicolaria sp.), and copepods (Achtheres 

ambloplitis, Ergasilus centrarchidarum). Parasites found only in cyprinids were protozoans 

(Myxobolus bartai, Myxobolus xiaoi, M. burti, Thelohanellus notatus, Zschokkella sp., 

Chloromyxum sp., Sphaerospora sp.) and adult digenetic trematodes (Centrovarium lobotes). 

Parasites found only in catostomids were adult digenetic trematodes (Lissorchis attenuatus), adult 

cestodes (Glaridacris catostomi), adult nematodes (Capillaria catostomi), and adult 

acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus crassus, N. cylindratus, Octospinifer macilentus). 

Parasites found only in percids were protozoans (Henneguya doori, Myxobolus neurophilus, M. 

scleroperca), adult digenetic trematodes (Bunodera sacculata, Crepidostomum cooperi, 

Phyllodistomum superbum), larval digenetic trematodes (Apophallus sp., Clinostomum 

complanatum), monogeneans (Urocleidus adspectus), adult nematodes (Camallanus oxycephalus, 

Philometra cylindracea, Rhabdochona ovifilamenta), and larval/immature nematodes 

(Contracaecum sp., Dichelyne cotylophora, Eustrongylides tubifex, Raphidascaris acus). 

Parasites found only in salmonids were protozoans (Capriniana sp.), adult cestodes (Eubothrium 

crassum, E. salvelini, Proteocephalus exiguus), larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium oblongatum, 

Diphyllobothrium sp.), adult nematodes (Capillaria salvelini, Cystidicola farionis, Cystidicola 

sp.), immature nematodes (Haplonema hamulatum), leeches (Piscicola punctata, Placobdella 

parasitica), and copepods (Achtheres pimelodi, Ergasilus nerkae, Salmincola extensus, S. 

extumescens). 

The number and percentage of parasite species and distinct genera in each of the major parasite 

groups reported for each of the five parasitized fish families from Lake Michigan are in Table 6. 

The parasite taxa most common in each fish family were protozoans, specifically the myxozoans, 

in Cyprinidae, acanthocephalans in Catostomidae, digenetic trematodes and copepods in 

Centrarchidae, digenetic trematodes and nematodes in Percidae, and copepods, cestodes, and 

nematodes in Salmonidae. 

All helminth species reported from the cyprinids (5 species) and catostomids (13 species) are 

autogenic species. The numbers and percentages of autogenic and allogenic helminth species for 

the remaining families were Centrarchidae (10 species, 91%; 1 species, 9%), Percidae (21 

species, 81%; 5 species, 19%), and Salmonidae (12 species, 92%; 1 species, 8%). 

14

Jaccard Coefficients of Parasite Communities—Fish Families 

The fish families (and their species) involved in the calculations and comparisons of Jaccard 

coefficients of parasite-community similarity were Centrarchidae (Ambloplites rupestris, 

Micropterus dolomieu, Lepomis gibbosus), Catostomidae (Catostomus catostomus, C. 

commersonii), Cyprinidae (Cyprinus carpio, Notropis delicatus (probably Notropis atherinoides), 

Notropis hudsonius, Pimephale notatus), Percidae (Etheostoma exile, E. nigrum, Perca 

flavescens, Percina caprodes), Salmonidae (Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, C. 

johannae, C. nigripinnis, C. prognathus, Oncorhynchus kisutch, O. mykiss, O. tshawytscha, 

Salmo trutta, Salvelinus namaycush). Jaccard coefficients for these five fish families (Table 7) 

were all low (range 0.0256 to 0.2000) with the highest one between Percidae and Catostomidae 

(0.2000), followed by Percidae and Centrarchidae (0.1951). Also, fish in the Ictaluridae did not 

share any parasites with fish in the Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, and Salmonidae in Lake Michigan, 

further supporting that the parasite faunas of fish in these families are very different. 

The number of parasitic species of each major group found in two or more fish families (number 

of fish families in parentheses) were few and included adult digenetic trematodes— 

Crepidostomum (Stephanophiala?) farionis (2); adult cestodes—Eubothrium crassum (2), 

Cyathocephalus truncatus (3), Proteocephalus exiguus (2); larval cestodes—Eubothrium salvelini 

(3), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (2), Triaenophorus nodulosus (3); adult nematodes—Dichelyne 

cotylophora (3), Spinitectus gracilis (3); larval/immature nematodes—Philometra cylindracea 

(3); adult acanthocephalans—Acanthocephalus dirus (8), Echinorhynchus leidyi (3), 

Echinorhynchus salmonis (10), Leptorhynchoides thecatus (2), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (2) 

leeches-Piscicola milneri (2); and copepods—Ergasilus caeruleus (4), Ergasilus luciopercarum 

(3). 

Discussion 

Lake Michigan is located solely within the United States. It has a length and width of 

approximately 494 km and 190 km, respectively, with a surface area of approximately 57,800 

km 2 and a mean depth of 85 m (maximum depth of 281 m) (Herdendorf, 1982). Water flows from 

Lake Michigan easterly into Lake Huron through the Straits of Mackinac. 

Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (2000) listed a total of 116 established fish species (species 

reproducing in the Great Lakes or in the lowest reaches of the tributaries) in Lake Michigan. A 

total of 44 (38%) fish species of the 116 established fish species and three locally extirpated 

species (Coregonus johannae, C. nigripinnis, and C. prognathus) in 19 families have had 

parasites reported from them. The number of fish species examined and not examined for 

parasites do not add up to 116 because fish species locally extirpated and some fish only 

identified to genus were included in this synopsis. Lake Michigan had the fewest number of 

studies on parasites of fish (41) among all the Great Lakes, and only 14 studies (34%) have been 

done since 1990. Most parasitological studies focused on the parasites of common species, such 

as Perca flavescens, Osmerus mordax, Coregonus spp., Oncorhynchus spp., Salvelinus 

15

namaycush, and cyprinids. Of the 41 parasitological studies, the investigations of Amin, Guilford, 

and Pearse and their co-workers in western Lake Michigan and those of Muzzall and co-workers 

in eastern Lake Michigan are most obvious. There were no studies performed on a lakewide 

basis, and the only studies done were usually narrowly focused by the interests of individual 

investigators. It is believed that the circulatory system (blood) of fish from Lake Michigan has 

been infrequently examined for parasites. It is not known if the presence of only two monogenean 

species represents the lack of these species on fish in this lake or the lack of examination of fish 

for monogeneans. 

Pathogenic Parasites 

Protozoans 

Potentially pathogenic protozoan parasites that could cause fish mortalities are Trichodina spp., 

Henneguya spp., Myxidium spp., Myxobolus spp., and Thelohanellus notatus. These protozoans 

infect a variety of non-intestinal sites damaging the skin, gills, muscle and internal organs, and 

cause weight loss in fish (Dogiel et al. 1958; Reichenbach-Klinke and Elkan 1965; Reichenbach- 

Klinke 1973). When abundant, Trichodina spp. may cause the fins to become frayed, hyperplasia 

of the epidermis, and blood-vessel congestion in the skin. 


Adult and larval digenetic trematodes occur in a variety of sites in fish. The effects of adult 

trematodes on fish health and mortality is difficult to assess based on the small number of wellperformed 

studies. However, Crepidostomum farionis has been reported to have caused mortality 

to fish in a hatchery (Hoffman 1999). The metacercariae or larval stages of Clinostomum 

complanatum, Diplostomum spathaceum, Diplostomum spp., and Ichthyocotylurus spp. occurring 

in non-intestinal sites may cause mortality in fish. For information on the pathological effects and 

mortalities of fishes, especially young ones caused by larval trematodes, see Meyer (1958); Wales 

(1958b); Kozicka (1958); Bychovskaya-Pavlovskaya and Petrushevski (1963); Dukes (1975); and 

Williams and Jones (1994). 

Cestodes 

Adult cestodes such as Eubothrium crassum, E. salvelini, Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, 

Cyathocephalus truncatus, and Proteocephalus spp. may cause pathogenic effects to fish. Smith 

and Margolis (1970) reported that E. salvelini can cause damage to young salmonids. It has also 

been suggested that E. salvelini reduced the growth, survival, and swimming performance of 

Oncorhynchus nerka (see Boyce 1979). Cyathocephalus truncatus can cause severe inflammation 

and rupture of the gut wall resulting in mortality (Vik 1954, 1958). 

Of the larval cestodes, Eubothrium spp., Cyathocephalus truncatus, Diphyllobothrium 

oblongatum, Diphyllobothrium spp., Ligula sp., Schistocephalus thomasi, Proteocephalus 

ambloplitis, Triaenophorus crassus, and T. nodulosus can damage fish. Diphyllobothrium spp. 

have been reported to cause epizootics among trout (Salmonidae) because of the movements of 

16

their plerocercoids (Duguid and Sheppard 1944; Hoffman and Dunbar 1961), and to have caused 

a major decline of Salmo trutta and Salvelinus alpinus in Norway (Vik 1965). Ligula sp. and 

Schistocephalus sp. have been known to alter the behavior of their fish hosts, making them more 

susceptible to predation by piscivorous birds (Ness and Foster 1999; Loot et al. 2002). The 

reports of Triaenophorus spp. infecting fish are infrequent, and the last one was by Guilford 

(1954). 

Nematodes 

The effect of adult Cystidicola farionis in the swim bladder of coregonines and salmonines is 

difficult to assess based on the small number of studies performed. However, Black (1984) 

reported that lesions of the swimbladder in Salvelinus namaycush may have developed due to 

chronic mechanical irritation caused by mature Cystidicola stigmatura congregating, possibly to 

mate. The occurrence of large numbers of larval nematodes, such as Contracaecum sp., 

Raphidascaris acus, and Eustrongylides tubifex, in various non-intestinal sites, may lead to 

inflammation, tissue damage to the liver and other viscera, and fibrosis (Williams 1967). 

However, the prevalence and intensity of larval nematodes reported in Lake Michigan fish have 

been low. 


Two acanthocephalan species (Echinorhynchus salmonis and Acanthocephalus dirus) infect 

several fish species with high prevalences and intensities. Acanthocephalans use their proboscis 

with hooks on it to attach to the inner wall of the intestine. Their attachment with their proboscis 

leads to inflammation of the intestinal tract reducing the amount of surface area for nutrient 

absorption and possibly reducing the state of nutrition of the fish (Bullock 1963; Pippy and 

Sandeman 1967; Schmidt et al. 1974). Amin and Burrows (1977) and Muzzall and Peebles (1988) 

have reported on the occurrence of gravid female E. salmonis in non-intestinal sites of Osmerus 

mordax. 

Echinorhynchus salmonis is the most-numerous parasite of Oncorhynchus spp. in Lake Michigan 

probably because of the various pathways utilized in its life cycle. Echinorhynchus salmonis 

primarily uses the crustacean Diporeia (= Pontoporeia) affinis (see Amin 1978) as an 

intermediate host wherein the infective stage called the cystacanth develops. In the first pathway, 

the intermediate host, Diporeia, is eaten by a fish and the cystacanth develops into an adult in the 

intestine of that fish. In the second pathway, called the postcyclical pathway, the infected fish 

with E. salmonis attached to its intestine is then eaten by another fish, wherein the worm attaches 

to the intestine, matures, and reproduces in this second fish. Hnath (1969) demonstrated in the 

laboratory that adult E. salmonis can re-establish in a new host fish that has ingested another fish 

infected with adult worms. The third-transmission pathway involves a paratenic host, where a fish 

that initially eats the intermediate host is not a suitable host, and as a result the cystacanth of E. 

salmonis penetrates the gut wall and encysts/occurs somewhere else in the fish without 

undergoing further development. This fish host becomes a paratenic host. If the paratenic host is 

eaten by a suitable fish host, the acanthocephalan excysts and attaches in the intestine of the 

17

suitable host and matures. 

We are not aware of any mortality in adult fishes of Lake Michigan as a result of parasitic 

infection. Holey et al. (1998) evaluated the effect of E. salmonis on the epizootics of 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Lake Michigan, and concluded “it is uncertain if infections of 

Echinorhynchus salmonis alone resulted in enough stress to trigger the epizootics”. 

Leeches 

The first study on the parasites of Lake Michigan fish was Milner (1874) who commented on the 

occurrence of the leech Piscicola milneri on a “large number of fishes.” The last study involving 

leeches was in 1977 (Amin 1977). It is difficult to assess the effect of leeches because there are 

only a few known leech species in the lake and little is known about their prevalences and 

intensities. Leeches appear to be infrequent parasites of Lake Michigan fish and of minor 

importance. 

Crustaceans 

The reported prevalences and intensities of most parasitic copepods on fish from Lake Michigan 

are low, and copepods seem to be of minor importance as a parasite on fish in Lake Michigan. 

Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients 

Eighteen parasite species reported from fish in two or more families make up only 20% of all 

parasitic species reported from fish in Lake Michigan. These parasite species have indirect life 

cycles with fish becoming infected by eating intermediate hosts or paratenic hosts, except for the 

leeches and copepods that have direct life cycles. The larval/immature/adult cestode species made 

up 33% of the parasite species shared by two or more fish families followed closely by the 

acanthocephalan species (28%). There were no protozoan species, monogenean species, mollusk 

species, and only one adult digenetic trematode parasite species shared by two or more fish 

families. 

There are 73 parasite species that are host specific to 1 fish species or a fish family in Lake 

Michigan. This host specificity can be classified and separated based on phylogenetic specificity, 

ecological specificity, or some combination of the two. Phylogenetic specificity suggests that 

parasite species occurring in one host species or a few closely related host species evolved from 

ancestors that infected a single host species or host group. In other words, the evolutionary 

history of the host-parasite relationship is important. In ecological specificity, hosts and potential 

parasites do not live in the same habitat, do not eat the same food items, or there is little overlap 

in their habitat and diet. Bush et al. (2001) stated, “It is probably true that phylogenetic specificity 

is the template upon which ecological specificity might be superimposed.” 

18

The Jaccard coefficients determined for five major fish families in Lake Michigan were low and 

there were no apparent relationships between the coefficients and the temperature preferences of 

fish species representing the five fish families. These low coefficients and lack of relationship 

with temperature preferences indicate that many parasite species have phylogenetic host 

specificity, fish species in different families do not occupy the same habitats or their habitats do 

not overlap much, and the diets of the fish species do not typically overlap either by food items or 

spatially in foraging areas. The low Jaccard coefficients for parasite-community similarity 

indicate that the centrarchids, catostomids, cyprinids, percids, and salmonids in Lake Michigan 

share few parasite species, and that each fish family has its own characteristic parasite fauna. 

Fish Families—Parasite Communities 

The most-common parasite species in centrarchids and percids were the digenetic trematode 

species. However, most of these digenetic trematode species were specific to one fish family. The 

percentage composition of digenetic trematodes in relation to other parasite groups in 

centrarchids and percids indicates these fish spend time in shallow water since almost all the 

known digenetic trematodes use molluscs as first intermediate hosts. Most of the parasites 

reported from cyprinids were protozoans. The studies of Cone et al. (2004) and Cone and 

Marcogliese (2010), reporting only on the myxozoan protozoans of Notropis hudsonius, separated 

out the cyprinids from the other fish families with this protozoan group. Most of the parasites 

from catostomids were acanthocephalans, and most from the salmonids were copepods, cestodes, 

and nematodes. The larval stages (procercoids) of most, if not all, of these cestode species in 

salmonids use free-living copepods as first intermediate hosts. The parasitic copepods have direct 

life cycles. 

19

Table 2. Overall number, percentage (in parentheses), and range (in parentheses) of parasite 

species in each major parasite group reported in each Great Lake during 1871-2010. Lake 

abbreviations are LM (Lake Michigan), LS (Lake Superior), LH (Lake Huron), LE (Lake Erie), 

and LO (Lake Ontario). Parasite group abbreviations are Ma (Mastigophora), Ci (Ciliophora), My 

(Myxozoa), Mi (Microspora), Dt (Digenea (digenetic trematodes)), A (Aspidobothrea), Mo 

(Monogenea), Ce (Cestoda), Ne (Nematoda), Ac (Acanthocephala), Hi (Hirudinea), Co 

(Copepoda), and Mol (Mollusca). 

Parasite group 

Lake Ma Ci My Mi Dt A Mo Ce Ne Ac Hi Co Mol Total 

LM 1 (1) 2 (2) 20 

(22) 

1(1) 16 

(18) 

LS 4 (3) 5 (3) 8 (5) 0 31 

(21) 

LH 2 

(

Table 3. Parasites reported in fishes from Lake Michigan, 1874-2010. Host documentation, in 

order, consists of references, when observed (cdnp = collection data not provided), prevalence 

defined as the percentage (%) of fish infected (pnp = prevalence not provided), mean intensity 

defined as the mean number of parasites per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided), 

mean abundance defined as the mean number of parasites per examined fish and noted with an 

asterisk, location (lns = location not specified or incomplete), latitude and longitude (llnk = 

latitude and longitude not known). 

Mastigophora (Flagellates) 

Trypanosomatidae Doflein, 1911 

Trypanosoma sp. 

Site of Infection: Blood 

Host: 

Cottus bairdii: Yeo 1985; 1982-1983; 79%; minp; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″) 

Cottus cognatus: Yeo 1985; 79%; minp; Milwaukee, Wisconsin 

Ciliophora (Ciliates) 

Trichodinidae Raabe, 1959 

Trichodina sp. 

Site of Infection: Gills 

Host: 

Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 1%; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/- 

87º23′40″ 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, 

August 1989, May-October, 1990; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″ 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992;

Table 3, continued 

Myxozoa (Myxosporans) 

Chloromyxidae Thelohan, 1892 

Chloromyxum sp. 

Site of Infection: Gall bladder 

Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August 

2001, October 2002; 6%; minp; west of Michigan City; 41°43Ń, 86°54´W; 20%; minp; north of Gary, 

Indiana; 41°36Ń, 87°20´ W 

Myxidiidae Thelohan, 1892 

Myxidium lieberkuehni Butschli, 1882 

Synonym: None. 

Site of Infection: Urinary bladder 

Host: Esox lucius: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 6%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin, 

43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Myxidium umbri Guilford, 1965 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Renal tubules 

Host: Umbra limi: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 4%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin; 

43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Myxidium sp. 

Site of Infection: Gall bladder, liver 


43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Myxobolidae Thelohan, 1892 

Henneguya doori Guilford, 1963 

Synonym: None 


Host: Perca flavescens: Guilford 1963; March-October 1961, March-October 1962; 22%; minp; Green 

Bay, Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Henneguya exilis Kudo, 1929 

Synonym: None 


Host: Ameiurus melas: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 43%; minp; Green Bay, 

Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

22


Henneguya limatula Meglitsch, 1937 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Bile 

Host: Ameiurus melas: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 7%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin; 

43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Henneguya umbri Guilford, 1965 

Synonym: None 



43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Myxobolus bartai Salim and Desser, 2000 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Intracellular in striated muscle 


2001, October 2002; 13%; minp; west of Michigan City; 41°43Ń, 86° 54´W 

Myxobolus burti Cone and Marcogliese 2010 

Synonym: Myxobolus sp. of Cone et al. 2004 


Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August 2001, 

October 2002; 46%; minp; west of Michigan City; 41°43Ń, 86°54´ W; 46%; minp; West Beach; 41°36Ń, 

87°11´W; 33%; minp; north of Gary, Indiana; 41°36Ń, 87°20´W 

Notropis hudsonius: Cone and Marcogliese 2010, same infection data and information as in Cone et al. 

2004. 

Myxobolus cognati Cone et al. 1996 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Operculum, perioral tissue, pelvic and pectoral fins, flank of body near lateral line 

Host: Cottus cognatus: Cone et al. 1996, July 1994; 52%; 13 cysts; Boulder Reef, Lake Michigan; 

45º35′24″/-85º58′37″ 

Myxobolus eucalia (Guilford, 1965) Lom and Noble, 1984 

Synonym: Myxosoma eucalia (Guilford, 1965) Lom and Noble, 1984 

Site of Infection: Cranium, pectoral fin 

Host: Culaea inconstans: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 4%; minp; Green Bay, 

Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

23


Myxobolus neurophilus Guilford, 1963 (Lom and Noble, 1984) 

Synonym: Myxosoma neurophila Guilford, 1963 (Lom and Noble, 1984) 

Site of Infection: Midbrain, optic ventricles 

Host: 

Perca flavescens: Guilford 1963; March-October 1961, March-October 1962; 45%; minp; Green Bay, 

Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Etheostoma nigrum: Guilford 1963; 100%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin 

Myxobolus procercum (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984 

Synonym: Myxosoma procercum (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984 

Site of Infection: Muscle 

Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1063; 100%; minp; Green Bay, 

Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Myxobolus scleroperca (Guilford, 1963) Lom and Noble, 1984 

Synonym: Myxosoma scleroperca (Guilford, 1963) Lom and Noble, 1984 

Site of Infection: Eyes, sclerotic cartilage 

Host: 

Perca flavescens: Guilford 1963; March-October 1961, March-October 1962; 13%; minp; Green Bay, 

Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Percina caprodes: Guilford 1963; 5%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin 

Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1995; 1990, 1991; 26%; minp; Michigan City, Indiana; 41º42′27″/-86º53′42″ 

Myxobolus xiaoi Salim and Desser, 2000 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Cartilaginous tissue 


2001, October 2002; 6%; minp; west of Michigan City; 41°43Ń, 86°54´W; 6%; minp; north of Gary, 

Indiana; 41°36Ń, 87°20´ W 

Thelohanellus notatus (Mavor, 1916) Kudo, 1929 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: [Cysts in musculature] 


2001, October 2002; 6%, minp, west of Michigan City; 41°43Ń, 86°54´ W; 13%, minp, West Beach, 

41°36Ń, 87°11´W; 6%, minp, north of Gary, Indiana 41°36Ń, 87°20´W 

24


Zschokkella sp. 

Site of Infection: Bile ducts of liver 


2001, October 2002; 26%; minp; west of Michigan City; 41°43Ń, 86°54´ W; 6%; minp; West Beach; 

41°36Ń, 87°11´W; 13%; minp; north of Gary, Indiana; 41°36Ń, 87°20´W 

Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917 

Myxobilatus cotti Guilford, 1965 

Synonym: None 


Host: Cottus bairdii: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 100%; minp; Green Bay, 

Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Myxobilatus noturi Guilford, 1965 

Synonym: None 


Host: Noturus gyrinus: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 33%; minp; Green Bay, 

Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Myxobilatus sp. 


Host: Culaea inconstans: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 4%; minp; Green Bay, 

Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Sphaerospora sp. 

Site of Infection: Kidney tubules 


2001, October 2002; 6%; minp; west of Michigan City, Indiana; 41°43Ń, 86°54´ W; 20%; minp; West 

Beach; 41°36Ń, 87°11´W; 6%; minp; north of Gary, Indiana; 41°36Ń, 87°20´W 

Microspora (Microsporans) 

Glugeidae Thelohan, 1892 

Pleistophora sp. 


Host: Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 1%; minp; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/- 

86º27′9″ 

25


Adult Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes) 

Allocreadiidae (Looss, 1902) Stossich, 1903 

Bunodera sacculata (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Yamaguti, 1958 

Synonym: ?Bunoderina sacculata 

Site of Infection: Pyloric ceca, anterior intestine 

Host: Perca flavescens: Muzzall 2002; July-September 1997, July-September 1998; 50-100%; 2-21; Silver 

Creek, Oceana County, Michigan; 44º19′32″/-83º28′52″ 

Crepidostomum cooperi Hopkins, 1931 

Synonym: Crepidostomum ambloplitis Hopkins, 1931; Crepidostomum solidum Van Cleave and Mueller, 

1932; Crepidostomum fausti Hunninen and Hunter, 1933; Crepidostomum laureatum of Stafford (1904) 

and Cooper (1915) (partim); Bunodera nodulosa of Stafford (1904) (partim); Crepidostomum cornutum of 

Cooper (1915) (partim) 

Site of Infection: Intestine 

Host: Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20′′/- 

87º54′23′′ 

Crepidostomum farionis (Muller, 1784) Nicoll, 1909 

Synonym: Crepidostomum laureatum Cooper, 1915 

Site of Infection: [Intestine] 

Host: Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; 5%; minp; Saugatuck, Michigan; 

42º39′18″/-86º12′7″ 

Stephanophiala farionis Mueller 

Synonym: Stephanophiala farionis is probably a synonym of Crepidostomum farionis (Muller, 1780) 


Host: Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Crepidostomum sp. 


Host: Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; pnp; minp; Saugatuck, Michigan; 

42º39′18″/-86º12′7″ 

Azygiidae Luhe, 1909 

Azygia sp. 



26


Cryptogonimidae (Ward, 1917) Ciurea, 1933 

Acetodextra amiuri (Stafford, 1900) Pearse, 1924 

Synonym: Monostomum amiuri (Stafford, 1900) Pearse, 1924 

Site of Infection: Swim bladder 

Host: 

Ameiurus melas: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Caecinicola parvulus Marshall and Gilbert, 1905 

Synonym: None 


Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Centrovarium lobotes (MacCallum, 1895) Stafford, 1904 

Synonym: Distomum lobotes MacCallum, 1895 


Host: Notropis hudsonius: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Remarks: Individuals of Centrovarium lobotes found by Pearse (1924b) could be larval stages. 

Cryptogonimus chili Osborn, 1903 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Lepomis gibbosus: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Remarks: Species commonly misspelled chyli. 

Gorgoderidae Looss, 1901 

Phyllodistomum staffordi Pearse, 1924a 

Synonym: Phyllodistomum folium (Olfers, 1816) (partim) of Stafford (1902); Phyllodistomum superbum 

Stafford, 1904 (partim); ?Phyllodistomum carolini Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum lacustri of Dechtiar (1972a) 

and Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988); Phyllodistomum hunteri (Arnold, 1934) 


Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Pearse 1924a; cdnp; pnp; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″ 

Ameiurus melas: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 


Phyllodistomum superbum Stafford, 1904 

Synonym: Phyllodistomum fausti Pearse, 1924a; Phyllodistomum pearsei Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum 

lohrenzi (Loewen, 1935) Bhalerao, 1937 

27



Host: 

Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924a; cdnpnp; p; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″ 

“bream”: Pearse 1924a; pnp; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin 

Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Remarks: “Bream” refers to one or more species of centrarchids. 

Homalometridae (Cable and Hunninen, 1942) Yamaguti, 1971 

Synonym: Anallocreadiidae Hunter and Bangham, 1932 

Homalometron armatum (MacCallum, 1895) Manter, 1947 

Synonym: Distomum isoporum var. armatum MacCallum, 1895; Allocreadium armatum (MacCallum, 

1895) Simer, 1929; Bunodera armatum (MacCallum, 1895); Anallocreadium pearsei Hunter and Bangham, 

1932 


Host: 

Lepomis gibbosus: Pearse 1924a; cdnp; pnp; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″) 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Lissorchiidae (Poche, 1926) Yamaguti, 1971 

Lissorchis attenuatus (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Krygier and Macy, 1969 

Synonym: Triganodistomum attenuatum Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 4%; 3; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk 

Larval/Immature Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes) 

Clinostomidae Luhe, 1901 

Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Braun, 1899 

Synonym: Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Braun, 1899; ?Clinostomum gracile of Stafford 

(1904); ?Distomum gracile of Wright (1879) 

Site of Infection: Skin 


Remarks: Dzikowski et al. (2004) reported that Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum 

were distinct species based on differences in ribosomal DNA. 

28


Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 

Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876 

Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1832; 

Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1833 of Cooper (1915), probably Diplostomum emarginatae Olivier, 

1942; Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928); Diplostomum indistinctum; Diplostomum gigas 

Site of Infection: Lens 

Host: Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; 1984, 1985, 1986; 93%; 15; Michigan City, Indiana; 

41º42′27″/-86º53′42″ 

Diplostomum sp. 

Site of Infection: Eye, lens 

Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 21%; 2; Michigan City, Indiana; 41º42′27″/- 

86º53′42″;


Strigeidae Railliet, 1919 

Ichthyocotylurus sp. 

Site of Infection: Mesentery 

Host: Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 1%; 1; Ludington, Michigan; 

43º57′19″/-86º27′9″ 

Monogenea (Monogeneans) 

Ancyrocephalidae Bykhovski and Nagibina, 1978 

Urocleidus adspectus (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: None 


Host: Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 61%; 4; southern Green 

Bay, Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″; 92%; 6; offshore from Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″ 

Octocotylidae Van Beneden and Hesse, 1863 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: [External surface] 


42º39′18″/-86º12′7″) 

Remarks: This family designation may no longer be used. 

Adult Cestoda (Cestodes) 

Caryophyllaeidae Leuckhart, 1878 

Glaridacris catostomi (Cooper, 1920) Mackiewicz, 1965 

Synonym: Caryophyllaeus terebrans of Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim); Glaridacris laruei of 

Bangham and Venard, 1946 


Host: 

Catostomus catostomus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 64%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk 

Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899 

Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) Nybelin, 1922 

Synonym: Abothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779); Eubothrium oncorhynchi Wardle, 1932 


Host: 

Salvelinus namaycush: Cooper 1918; cdnp; pnp; minp; Charlevoix; 45º19′5″/-85º15′30″; and Pentwater, 

Michigan; 43º46′12″/-86º25′15″ 

Salvelinus namaycush: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Lota lota: Cooper 1919; pnp; minp; Charlevoix, Michigan 

Lota lota: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

30


Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790) Nybelin, 1922 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Pyloric ceca, intestine 

Host: 

Coregonus hoyi: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 1%; 1; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk 

Oncorhynchus kisutch (Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May-October 

1990; 33%; 2; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″ 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Amin 1977; 13%; 3; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1993; 48%; 14; Scottville, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1993; age-0 fish; 10%; 3; near mouth of Pere Marquette River 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1993; 11%; 3; Scottville, Michigan 

Salvelinus namaycush: Amin 1977; 71%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 91%; 74; Ludington; 43º57′19″/-86º27′9″; 

Manistee, Michigan; 44º14′40″/-86º19′27″ 

Salmo trutta: Amin 1977; 6%; 1; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849 

Bothriocephalus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917 

Synonym: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus luciopercae Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus hiodontos 

Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917 


Host: Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20′′/- 

86º16′48′′ 

Cyathocephalidae Nybelin, 1922 

Cyathocephalus truncatus (Pallas, 1781) Kessler, 1868 

Synonym: Cyathocephalus americanus Cooper, 1917 


Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 12%; 2; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/- 

86º27′9″ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 13%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Cooper 1919; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk); Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April- 

September 1964; 51% (combined prevalence for Cyathocephalus truncatus, Proteocephalus sp., 

Diphyllobothrium sp.); minp; Saugatuck, Michigan; 42º39′18″/-86º12′7″ 

Coregonus hoyi: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Coregonus hoyi: Olson 1973; January-September 1973; overall minp; intensity analyzed by host age, sex, 

and season; Racine, Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″ 

Cottus cognatus: Amin 1977; 11%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 


August 1989, May-October 1990; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″ 

31



Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″ 

Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 8%; 1; Milwaukee, Wisconsin 

Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911 

Corallobothrium sp. 


Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Proteocephalus exiguus La Rue, 1911 

Synonym: Ichthyotaenia laruei (Faust, 1920) 


Host: 

Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 46%; 7; Hibbards Creek, Door County; llnk; or 

Kewaunee River, Kewanee County; 44º27′27″/-87º29′28″; or Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/- 

87º23′40″ 

Coregonus artedi: La Rue 1911; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Coregonus artedi: La Rue 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; Charlevoix, Michigan; 45°19′5′′/-85°15′30′′ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 13%; 4; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk 

Coregonus nigripinnis: La Rue 1911; pnp; minp; lns 

Coregonus nigripinnis: La Rue 1914; 1894; pnp; minp; Charlevoix, Michigan 

Coregonus prognathus: La Rue 1911; pnp; minp; lns 

Coregonus prognathus: La Rue 1914; pnp; minp; Charlevoix, Michigan 

Coregonus spp.: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; southern Green Bay; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″; 

Milwaukee; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″; Wisconsin 

Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 3%; 1; southern Green Bay, 

Wisconsin; 5%; 2; Milwaukee, Wisconsin 

Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Proteocephalus sp. 


Host: 

Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; 51% (combined prevalence for Proteocephalus 

sp., Cyathocephalus truncatus, Diphyllobothrium sp.); minp; Saugatuck, Michigan; 42º39′18″/-86º12′7″ 

32


Coregonus spp.: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Lota lota: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin) 

“cottid” (Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Larval/Immature Cestoda (Cestodes) 



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 8%; 2; Ludington, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 14%; 4; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/- 

86º27′9″ 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1989; 17%; 1; Ludington, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1989; 5%; 2; Ludington, and Manistee, Michigan; 44º14′40″/- 

86º19′27″ 

Salmo trutta: Muzzall 1989; 50%; 1, Ludington, Michigan 

Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 20%; 1; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-86º27′9″ 

Eubothrium sp. 

Site of Infection: Posterior intestine, rectum 

Host: 

Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 3%; minp; Hibbards Creek, Door County; llnk; or 

Kewaunee River, Kewaunee County; 44º27′27″/-87º29′28″; or Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/- 

87º23′40″ 

Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; 1984, 1985, 1986; 1%; 1; Michigan City, Indiana; 

41º42′27″/-86º53′42″ 





Host: Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 1%; 1; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/- 

86º27′9″ 

33


Diphyllobothriidae Luhe, 1910 

Diphyllobothrium oblongatum Thomas, 1946 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: [Viscera] 

Host: Coregonus artedi: Thomas 1947; cdnp; pnp; minp; Beaver Island; 47º54′27″/-89º10′12″; Straits of 

Mackinaw; llnk; Cheboygan, Michigan; 45º39′52″/-84º26′8″ 

Diphyllobothrium sp. 

Site of Infection: Encysted around pyloric cecum 

Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992;



Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900 

Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891) 

Site of Infection: Liver, peritoneum 

Host: 

Micropterus dolomieu: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk) 

Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; p; minp; lns; Wisconsin 



Host: 


86º53′42″; 2%; 1; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-86º27′9″ 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 14%; 74; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/- 

86º27′9″ 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May-October 



Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1989; 3%; 4; Ludington, and Manistee, Michigan; 44º14′40″/- 

86º19′27″ 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan 


Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall 1989; 7%; 3; Ludington and Manistee, Michigan 

Triaenophoridae Loennberg, 1889 

Triaenophorus crassus Forel, 1868 

Synonyms: Triaenophorus robustus Olsson, 1893; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus morpha megadentatus 

Wardle, 1932; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus of Newton, 1932 (partim); Triaenophorus sp. type robustus of 

Cooper, 1919 


Host: Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 3%; minp; Hibbards Creek, Door County; 

44º59′10″/-87º10′32″; or Kewaunee River, Kewaunee County; 44º27′27″/-87º29′28″ or Sturgeon Bay, 

Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″ 

Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1760) Rudolphi, 1819 

Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. type nodulosus of Cooper, 1919 (partim) 

Site of Infection: Viscera 

35


Host: 

Catostomus catostomus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Micropterus dolomieu: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 


Triaenophorus sp. 


Host: ?Notropis delicatus: Cooper 1919; cdnp; pnp; minp; Charlevoix, Michigan; 45º19′5″/-85º15′30″ 

Remarks: Reference of Cooper (1919) to Notropis delicatus probably refers to Notropis atherinoides. 

Trypanorhyncha, gen. sp.? 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Fundulus sp.: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Remarks: Members of this order have eversible tentacles, and known species are parasites of 

elasmobranchs; it is possible that Pearse (1924b) was referring to the genus Haplobothrium 

(Haplobothriidae) that has four protusible proboscides. 

Adult Nematoda (Nematodes) 

Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945 

Synonym: Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim) 

Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) Railliet and Henry, 1915 

Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790; 

Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790; Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris Schrank, 1790; Ascaris 

mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel, 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata 

Zeder, 1800; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder, 1800; Ascaris dentata 

(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci rutili Diesing, 1851; 

Trichodina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola Linstow; Ascaris 

gracillima Linstow, 1890; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924a; Hysterothylacium cayugensis Wigdor, 1918; 

Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and 

Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis, 1928; Raphidascaris gracillima 

(Linstow, 1890) Markowski, 1933; Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937; 

Raphidascaris laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 1940 


Host: 

Esox americanus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin, llnk 

Esox lucius: Pearse 1924a; cdnp; pnp; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″ 

36


Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1915 

Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; Southern Green Bay; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″; and 

Milwaukee; 43º2′20′′/-87º54′23′′; Wisconsin 


Wisconsin 

Capillariidae Neuve-Lemaire, 1936 

Capillaria catostomi Pearse, 1924 

Synonym: Moravec (1987) indicated that Capillaria catostomi is a synonym of Pseudocapillaria 

tomentosa; ?Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Skrjabin and Schikhobalova, 

1954) 


Host: 

Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924a; cdnp; pnp; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″ 

Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin, llnk 

Capillaria salvelini Polyanskii, 1952 

Synonym: Capillaria baicalensis Ryzhikov and Sudarikov, 1953; Capillaria coregoni Shulman-Albova, 

1953; Capillaria curilica Zhukov, 1960; Capillaria brevispicula sensu Moravec and Ergens, 1970, nec 

Linstow, 1873; Capillaria bakeri sensu Meyer, 1954, nec Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 

Site of Infection: Pyloric ceca 

Host: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May- 

October 1990; 23%; 6; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″ 

Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864 

Dichelyne cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916 

Synonym: Dacnitoides cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916; Cucullanellus cotylophora (Ward and 

Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974 


Host: 


Ameiurus melas: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Perca flavescens: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 9%; 2; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk 


Wisconsin 

Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1999; 1990, 1991, 1996; 47%; 5; Michigan City, Indiana; 41º42′27″/-86º53′42″; 

19%; 4; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-86º27′9″ 


37


Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975) 

Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798 

Synonym: Cystidicola canadensis Skinker, 1930; Cystidicola stigmatura of Skinker (1931) not (Leidy, 

1886); Cystidicola stigmatura of Ko and Anderson 1969 not (Leidy, 1886) 


Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1989; July-September, 1986; 17%; 4; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/- 

86º27′9″ 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May-October 


Oncorhynchus tshawytsch (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan 

Salvelinus namaycush: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan 

Remarks: The above record of Cystidicola farionis in Salvelinus namaycush by Ward and Magath (1916) 

may refer to Cystidicola stigmatura. 

Cystidicola stigmatura (Leidy, 1886) Ward and Magath, 1916 

Synonym: Filaria stigmatura Leidy, 1886; Ancyracanthus cystidicola of Wright 1879 not (Lamarck, 1801); 

Cystidicola sp. of White 1940; Cystidicola farionis of Ward and Magath 1916 not (Fischer, 1798); 

Cystidicola cristivomeri White, 1941 


Host: 

Coregonus spp. except Coregonus alpenae: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Coregonus hoyi: Olson 1973; January-September 1973; 71%; overall minp, intensity analyzed by host age, 

sex, and season; Racine, Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″ 

Remarks: Black (1983) reported that Cystidicola stigmatura is apparently absent from fish in the Great 

Lakes since 1925; the above record of Cystidicola stigmatura in Coregonus spp. may be erroneous since 

Salvelinus spp. are the only known host species of it in North America (Black 1983). 

Cystidicola sp. 



42º39′18″/-86º12′7″ 

Spinitectus gracilis Ward and Magath, 1916 

Synonym: None 


Host: 




38


Lepomis gibbosus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 5%; 1; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 

43º2′20″/-87º54′23″ 

Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926 

Philometra cylindracea (Ward and Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934 

Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindraceum Ward and Magath 



Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin, 1946 

Rhabdochona ovifilamenta Weller, 1938 

Synonym: Rhabdochona laurentiana, Lyster, 1940; Rhabdochona fortunatowi of Kussat, 1969; 

Rhabdochona sp. of Arai and Kussat, 1967 


Host: Perca flavescens: Weller 1938; 1936-1937; pnp; minp; Big Stone Bay; 45º44′58″/-84º54′13″; Straits 

of Mackinaw, Michigan; llnk 

Unknown Family 

“Ascaris” angulata Rudolphi 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Remarks: Species of “Ascaris” were reported from North American fishes in the 1920s and 1930s, but 

belong to other genera. 

Larval/Immature Nematoda (Nematodes) 



Contracaecum sp. 

Site of Infection: Encysted in mesentery 

Host: Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1999; 1990, 1991, 1996; 3%; 1; Michigan City; 41º42′27″/-86º53′42″; 

Indiana; 8%; 2; Ludington, Michigan; 43°57′19′′/-86°27′9′′ 

Remarks: Separating larval Contracaecum and larval Hysterothylacium is difficult. 

39








Trichina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola Linstow; Ascaris 


Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and 

Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis, 1928; Raphidascaris gracillima 



Site of Infection: Liver, mesentery 


Bay, Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″; 29%; 25; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″ 

Capillaridae Neuve-Lemaire, 1936 

Capillaria sp. 


Host: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 1%; 1; Manistee, Michigan; 

44º14′40″/-86º19′27″ 



Synonym: Dacnitoides cotylophora (Ward and Magath, 1916); Cucullanellus cotylophora (Ward and 



Host: 

Coregonus johannae: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 


Wisconsin 



Synonym: Filaria stigmatura Leidy, 1886; Ancyracanthus cystidicola of Wright, 1879 not (Lamarck, 

1801); Cystidicola sp. of White, 1940; Cystidicola farionis of Ward and Magath 1917 not (Fischer, 1798); 


Site of Infection: Digestive tract 

Host: Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 1%; 10; Sturgeon Bay; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″; or 

Hibbards Creek, Door County; llnk; or Kewaunee River, Kewaunee County, Wisconsin; 44º27′27″/- 

87º29′28″ 

40


Remarks: Guilford (1954) suggested Petromyzon marinus became infected when it ingested the infected 

swim bladder of a coregonid fish; Black (1983) suggested that Cystidicola stigmatura is apparently absent 

from the Great Lakes since 1925; the above record of Cystidicola stigmatura in Petromyzon marinus 

maybe erroneous since Salvelinus spp. are the only hosts of it in North America (Black 1983). 



Host: Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; 1984, 1985, 1986; 2%; 2; Michigan City, Indiana; 

41º42′27″/-86º53′42″ 

Spinitectus sp. 


Host: Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 17%; 7; Manistee, Michigan; 

44º14′40″/-86º19′27″ 

Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915 

Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch, 1819) Jagerskiold, 1909 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Encysted in mesentery on surface of ovaries, testes, liver, spleen, and gastointestinal tract, 

and free in the body cavity, viscera, and muscle 

Host: Perca flavescens: Allison 1966; cdnp; 2%; 1; Little Bay de Noc, Michigan; 45º45′59″/-87º0′45″; 1%; 

1; Leland, Michigan; 45º1′22″/-85º45′35″ 

Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1999; 1990, 1991, 1996; 3%; 1; Michigan City, Indiana; 41º42′27″/-86º53′42″ 

Remarks: Allison (1966) misidentified Eustrongylides tubifex as Philometra cylindracea. 

Eustrongylides sp. 

Site of Infection: Encysted in mesentery and on intestine 

Host: 


Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″ 

Apollonia melanostoma: Camp et al. 1999; June-October 1995; 1%; 1;


Quimperiidae Baylis, 1930 

Synonym: Haplonematidae Sudarikova and Ryzikov, 1952 

Haplonema hamulatum Moulton, 1931 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Small intestine 

Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 1%; 1; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/- 

86º27′9″ 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May- 

October 1990; 3%; 1; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″ 


Agamonema sp. 

Synonym: ? 



Bay, Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-86º46′45″ 

Remarks: Yorke and Maplestone (1926) define Agamonema as a collective group for immature nematodes 

in fishes. 

Adult Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans) 

Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876 

Acanthocephalus dirus (Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave and Townsend, 1936 

Synonym: Echinorhynchus dirus Van Cleave, 1931; Acanthocephalus jacksoni Bullock, 1962; 

Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1975, 1977 


Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Amin 1977; 1973-1974;



August, 1989, May-October 1990; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″ 

Salmo trutta: Amin 1977; 6%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Salvelinus namaycush: Amin 1977; 14%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Salvelinus namaycush: Amin 1985; pnp; minp; Racine Harbor, Racine County, southeast Wisconsin 

Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall 1989; 9%; 3; Manistee, Michigan 

Lota lota: Amin 1977; 100%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Cottus cognatus: Amin 1977; 38%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Apollonia melanostoma: Camp et al. 1999; June-October 1995; 2%; 1;


Osmerus mordax: Amin and Burrows 1977; 75%; 3*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 


41º42′27″/-86º53′42″ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 22*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Coregonus hoyi: Amin and Burrows 1977; 96%; 13*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; 99%; minp; Saugatuck, Michigan; 42º39′18″/- 

86º12′7″ 

Coregonus hoyi: Olson 1973; January-September 1973; 95%; overall minp; intensity analyzed by host age, 

sex, and season; Racine, Wisconsin 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″ 

Coregonus spp. “ciscoes”: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Amin 1985; July 1980, July 1981; 95%; 109*; Racine Harbor; llnk; Racine County, 

southeast Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″ 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 140*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Hnath 1969; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 100%; 96; Ludington; 43°57′19′′/-86°27′9′′; 

Michigan 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May-October 


Oncorhychus mykiss: Amin and Burrows 1977; 75%; 38*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1989; 100%; 42; Ludington and Manistee, Michigan 


Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Amin 1985; 97%; 79*; Racine Harbor; Racine County, southeast Wisconsin 

Oncorhychus tshawytscha: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 53*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1989; 100%; 237; Ludington and Manistee, Michigan; 45º57′27″/- 

86º14′46″ 


Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan 

Salmo trutta: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 16*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Salmo trutta: Muzzall 1989; 100%; 38; Ludington and Manistee, Michigan 

Salvelinus namaycush: Amin 1985; 93%; 67*; Racine Harbor, Racine County, southeast Wisconsin 

Salvelinus namaycush: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 82*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Salvelinus namaycush: Hnath 1969; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall 1989; 100%; 97; Ludington and Manistee, Michigan 

Salvelinus namaycush: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Lota lota: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 18*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 


Cottus cognatus: Amin and Burrows 1977; 73%; 9*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Perca flavescens: Amin and Burrows 1977; 45%; 1*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line 

Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; southern Green Bay; 43º55′31′′/-88º46′45′′; 

Wisconsin 

44



Wisconsin; 82%; 9; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″ 


Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917 

Synonym: Hebesomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebesomatidae Yamaguti, 1963 

Neoechinorhynchus crassus Van Cleave, 1919 

Synonym: None 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919 

Synonym: Neorhynchus cylindratus Van Cleave, 1913; Eorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van 

Cleave, 1914 


Host: 

Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 1%; 1; Hibbards Creek, Door County; llnk; Kewaunee 

River, Kewaunee County; 44º27′27″/-87º29′28″; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″ 


Neoechinorhynchus sp. 


Host: Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 3%; 1; Milwaukee, 

Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″ 

Octospinifer macilentus Van Cleave, 1919 

Synonym: Octospinifer sp. of Mudry and Arai, 1973; Octospinifer sp. of Mudry and Anderson, 1976 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919 

Synonym: None 


Host: 


Ameiurus melas: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Etheostoma exile: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

45


Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924 

Synonym: Echinorhynchus thecatus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901 


Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 


Immature Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans) 


Acanthocephalus dirus: Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave and Townsend, 1936 

Synonym: Echinorhynchus dirus Van Cleave 1931; Acanthocephalus jacksoni Bullock 1962; 


Site of Infection: Non-intestinal infections, enclosed within envelopes of undetermined origin 

Host: Osmerus mordax: Amin and Burrows 1977; November 1973-October 1974; pnp; minp; Wisconsin- 

Illinois state line; llnk 

Echinorhynchus salmonis Muller, 1784 

Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919; Echinorhynchus pachysomus, 

Echinorhynchus phoenix, Echinorhynchus inflatus, Echinorhynchus maraenae, Echinorhynchus murenae, 

Metechinorhynchus alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis (Muller 1784) Petrochenko 1956 

Site of Infection: Stomach, intestine 

Host: Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 92%; 4; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/- 

86º27′9″ 




Metechinorhynchus alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis (Muller, 1784) Petrochenko 1956 

Site of Infection: Non-intestinal infections, encapsulated in the mesentery of the digestive tract and on the 

outside of the liver, gonads, swim bladder, and enclosed within envelopes of undetermined origin in body 

cavity; some female worms were gravid 

Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Amin and Burrows 1977; November 1973-October 1974; pnp; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois 

state line; llnk 


41º42′27″/-86º53′42″ 

46




Synonym: None 


Host: 







Host: 




Hirudinea (Leeches) 

Glossiphoniidae Vaillant, 1890 

Desserobdella picta (Verrill, 1872) 

Synonym: Batracobdella picta (Verrill, 1872), Placobdella picta (Verrill, 1872) 

Site of Infection: [Body surface] 

Host: 



Placobdella parasitica (Say, 1924) Moore, 1921 

Synonym: Glossosiphonia parasitica Pinto, 1923; Haementaria parasitica Aytrum, 1936 

Site of Infection: Fin 

Host: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 17%; 1; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk 

Piscicolidae Johnston, 1865 

Piscicola milneri (Verrill, 1872) Ryerson, 1915 

Synonym: Ichthyobdella milneri 

Site of Infection: [Body surface, fins] 

47


Host: 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Meyer 1940; cdnp; pnp; minp; St. Joseph, Michigan; 42º6′35″/-86º28′48″ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Meyer 1946; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Coregonus hoyi: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 


“Large numbers of fishes”: Milner 1874, 1871 or 1872; pnp; minp; Kenosha, Wisconsin; 42º35′5″/- 

87º49′16″ 

Piscicola punctata (Verrill, 1871) Moore, 1912 

Synonym: Ichthyobdella punctata (Verrill, 1871) Moore, 1912 


Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Meyer 1940; cdnp; pnp; minp; St. Joseph, Michigan; 42º6′35″/-86º28′48″ 

Piscicolaria sp. 


Host: 




Unidentified leeches 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: ? 

Host: 


sex, and season; Racine Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″ 

Salvelinus namaycush: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 


Copepoda (Copepods) 

Ergasilidae Nordmann, 1832 

Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson, 1911 

Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabini Mueller, 1937 


Host: 


Coregonus artedi: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 

Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin 


48


Remarks: Records of Ergasilus caeruleus on fish hosts before Roberts (1970) should be treated with 

caution. 

Ergasilus centrarchidarum (Wright, 1882) Wilson, 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Ergasilus luciopercarum Henderson, 1926 

Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabini Mueller, 1936; Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson 

in Mueller, 1936 


Host: 


86º53′42″ 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; August 1973-August 1974; pnp; minp; Toben Road, 

Wisconsin; llnk; Zion, Illinois; 42º26′46″/-87º49′58″; Waukegan, Illinois; 42º21′49″/-87º50′41″; Winnetka, 

Illinois; 42º6′29″/-87º44′9″; Montrose Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; 41º57′41″/-87º38′17″; Belmont Harbor, 

Chicago, Illinois; 41º56′34″/-87º38′12″; Diversey Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; 41º55′47″/-87º38′0″; Jackson 

Park Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; llnk; Little Manistee River, Michigan; 44º12′42″/-86º16′40″ 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; 9%; 1; Toben Road, Wisconsin; Zion, Illinois; 

Waukegan, Illinois; Winnetka, Illinois; Montrose Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Belmont Harbor, Chicago, 

Illinois; Diversey Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Jackson Park Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Little Manistee River, 

Michigan 



Salmo trutta: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; pnp; minp; Toben Road, Wisconsin; Zion, Illinois; Waukegan, 

Illinois; Winnetka, Illinois; Montrose Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Belmont Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; 

Diversey Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Jackson Park Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Little Manistee River, 

Michigan 

Perca flavescens: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; 16%; 2; Montrose Harbor, Chicago, Illinois 


Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-86º46′45″; 37%; 2; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″ 

Ergasilus nerkae Roberts, 1963 

Synonym: Ergasilus caeruleus of Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim); Ergasilus sp. of Bangham and 

Adams, 1954 (partim) 


49


Host: 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; August 1973-August 1974; 2%; minp; Toben Road, 

Wisconsin; llnk; Zion, Illinois; 42º26′46″/-87º49′58″; Waukegan, Illinois; 42º21′49″/-87º50′41″; Winnetka, 

Illinois; 42º6′29″/-87º44′9″; Montrose Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; 41º57′41″/-87º38′17″; Belmont Harbor, 

Chicago, Illinois; 41º56′34″/-87º38′12″; Diversey Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; 41º55′47″/-87º38′12″; Jackson 

Park Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; llnk; Little Manistee River, Michigan; 44º12′42″/-86º16′40″ 

Pungitius pungitius: Hudson et al. 1994; 1992; pnp; minp; lns; fish specimens examined are archived at the 

National Biological Survey, Great Lakes Center, and the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan; llnk 

Lernaeopodidae Olsson, 1869 

Achtheres pimelodi Kroyer, 1863 

Synonym: Achtheres ambloplitis Kellicott, 1880; Achtheres micropteri Wright, 1882 


Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 



Achtheres sp. 

Site of infection: Gill cavity 

Host: Coregonus hoyi: Olson 1973; January-September 1973; 11%; overall minp, intensity analyzed by 

host age, sex, and season; Racine, Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/88º4′30″ 

Salmincola extensus (Kessler, 1868) Kabata, 1969 

Synonym: Achtheres coregoni Baumann, 1911; Lernaeopoda coregoni Smith, 1874; Lernaeopoda extensus 

Kessler, 1868; Lernaeopoda maraenae Olsson, 1877; Salmincola wisconsinensis Tidd and Bangham, 1945 


Host: Salvelinus namaycush: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

Salmincola extumescens (Gadd, 1901) Wilson, 1915 

Synonym: Achtheres corpulentus Kellicott, 1880, Salmincola corpulentus (Kellicott, 1880), Lernaeopoda 

extumescens Gadd, 1901; Lernaeopoda inermis Wilson, 1911; Salmincola inermis (Wilson, 1911) Wilson, 

1915; Salmincola omuli Messjatzeff, 1926 


Host: 

Coregonus hoyi: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; August 1973-August 1974; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Coregonus johannae: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk 

50


Salmincola sp. 

Site of Infection: [Gills] 

Host: 

Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; 5%; minp; Saugatuck, Michigan; 42º39′18″/- 

86º12′7″ 


sex, and season; Racine, Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″ 

Table 4. Number of studies performed on the parasites of fish from the Great Lakes and their 

connecting bodies of water by 10-yr period. Abbreviations for lakes and connecting bodies of 

water are LM (Lake Michigan), LS (Lake Superior), SMR (St. Marys River), LH (Lake Huron), 

SCS (St. Clair System), LE (Lake Erie), NR (Niagara River), and LO (Lake Ontario). 

Period LM LS SMR LH SCS LE NR LO Totals 

1870-1879 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 

1880-1889 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

1890-1899 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 

1900-1909 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 

1910-1919 4 3 1 3 2 4 0 0 17 

1920-1929 3 0 0 3 0 4 0 0 10 

1930-1939 1 0 0 2 0 7 1 6 17 

1940-1949 3 4 0 2 0 5 0 2 16 

1950-1959 1 2 0 4 0 1 0 0 8 

1960-1969 6 3 0 5 0 6 0 7 27 

1970-1979 4 3 0 11 0 26 1 19 64 

1980-1989 4 7 2 12 0 11 1 3 40 

1990-1999 9 6 0 8 5 1 0 0 29 

2000-2010 5 2 2 10 4 4 0 2 29 

Totals 41 35 6 60 12 69 3 39 265 

51

Table 5. Fishes by family and species from Lake Michigan from which parasites have been 

reported during 1874-2010 using data from Table 3. References in parentheses following 

parasites refer to references for host records. 

Petromyzontidae 

Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) 

Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Guilford 1954) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Guilford 1954) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Guilford 1954); Triaenophorus crassus, (Guilford 1954) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Guilford 1954) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Guilford 1954); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Guilford 

1954); Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Guilford 1954) 

Acipenseridae 

Acipenser fulvescens (lake sturgeon) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (La Rue et al. 1926) 

Clupeidae 

Alosa pseudoharengus (alewife) 

Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall 1994) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Muzzall 1994); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Muzzall 1994) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall 1994) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1994); Diphyllobothrium sp., 

(Muzzall 1994); Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1994) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Haplonema hamulatum, (Muzzall 1994) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and 

Burrows 1977; Muzzall 1994) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Muzzall 1994) 

Cyprinidae 

Cyprinus carpio (common carp) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977) 

52


?Notropis delicatus, correct name is probably Notropis atherinoides (emerald shiner) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus sp., (Cooper 1919) 

Notropis hudsonius (spottail shiner) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus bartai, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus burti, (Cone et al. 2004, Cone and Marcogliese 

2010); Myxobolus xiaoi, (Cone et al. 2004); Thelohanellus notatus, (Cone et al. 2004); Zschokkella sp., 

(Cone et al. 2004); Chloromyxum sp., (Cone et al. 2004); Sphaerospora sp., (Cone et al. 2004) 

Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Pearse 1924b) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and Burrows 1977) 

Pimephales notatus (bluntnose minnow) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra cylindracea, (Pearse 1924b) 

Catostomidae 

Catostomus catostomus (longnose sucker) 

Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Pearse 1924b) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Pearse 1924b) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Pearse 1924b) 

Catostomus commersonii (white sucker) 

Adult Digenea: Lissorchis attenuatus, (Amin 1977) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b); Glaridacris catostomi, (Amin 1977) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Pearse 1924b) 

Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catostomi, (Pearse 1924a, 1924b); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Pearse 1924b) 


Burrows 1977; Pearse 1924b); Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Pearse 1924b); Neoechinorhynchus 

cylindratus, (Pearse 1924b); Octospinifer macilentus, (Pearse 1924b); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Pearse 

1924b) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Pearse 1924b); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 

(Pearse 1924b) 

Hirudinea: Desserobdella picta, (Pearse 1924b) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Pearse 1924b) 

Gobiidae 

Apollonia melanostoma (round goby) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Camp et al. 1999) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides sp., (Camp et al. 1999) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Camp et al. 1999) 

53


Ictaluridae 

Ameiurus melas (black bullhead) 

Myxozoa: Henneguya exilis, (Guilford 1965); Henneguya limatula, (Guilford 1965) 

Adult Digenea: Acetodextra amiuri, (Pearse 1924b); Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Pearse 1924b) 

Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Pearse 1924b) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Pearse 1924b) 

Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead) 

Adult Digenea: Acetodextra amiuri, (Pearse 1924b); Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Pearse 1924a, 1924b) 

Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium sp., (Pearse 1924b) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Pearse 1924b) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Pearse 1924b); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, 

(Pearse 1924b) 

Ameiurus sp. (bullhead) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula sp., (Cooper 1919) 

Noturus gyrinus (tadpole madtom) 

Myxozoa: Myxobilatus noturi, (Guilford 1965) 

Esocidae 

Esox americanus (redfin pickerel) 

Adult Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Pearse 1924b) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Pearse 1924b) 

Esox lucius (northern pike) 

Myxozoa: Myxidium lieberkuehni, (Guilford 1965) 

Adult Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Pearse 1924a) 

Umbridae 

Umbra limi (central mudminnow) 

Myxozoa: Henneguya umbri, (Guilford 1965); Myxidium umbri, (Guilford 1965); Myxidium sp., (Guilford 

1965) 

Osmeridae 

Osmerus mordax (rainbow smelt) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Muzzall and Peebles 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cystidicola sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1988) 

54



Burrows 1977; Muzzall and Peebles 1988) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin and Burrows 1977); Echinorhynchus salmonis, 

(Amin and Burrows 1977; Muzzall and Peebles 1988) 

Salmonidae 

Coregonus artedi (lake herring/cisco) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (La Rue 1911, 1914) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium oblongatum, (Thomas 1947) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Ward and Magath 1916) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Pearse 1924b); Achtheres pimelodi, (Pearse 1924b) 

Coregonus clupeaformis (lake whitefish) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Amin 1977; Cooper 1919); Proteocephalus exiguus, (Amin 

1977) 


Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and Burrows 1977; Pearse 1924b) 

Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Meyer 1940, 1946); Piscicola punctata, (Meyer 1940) 

Coregonus hoyi (bloater) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (DeGiusti 1965): Crepidostomum sp., (DeGiusti 1965) 

Monogenea: ?Octocotylidae, (DeGiusti 1965) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Amin 1977); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (DeGiusti 1965; Olson 

1973; Pearse 1924b); Proteocephalus sp., (DeGiusti 1965) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (DeGiusti 1965; Olson 1973) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Olson 1973); Cystidicola sp., (DeGiusti 1965) 


Burrows 1977; DeGiusti 1965; Olson 1973) 

Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Pearse 1924b); leech (Olson 1973) 

Copepoda: Actheres sp. (Olson 1973); Salmincola extumescens, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976); Salmincola 

sp., (DeGiusti 1965) 

Remarks: Note the misspelling of Actheres by Olson (1973). 

Coregonus johannae (deepwater cisco) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Pearse 1924b) 

Copepoda: Salmincola extumescens, (Pearse 1924b) 

Coregonus nigripinnis (blackfin cisco) 


Coregonus prognathus (longjaw whitefish) 


55


Coregonus spp. (coregonines) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Pearse 1924b); Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Pearse 1924b) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Pearse 1924b); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Pearse 1924b) 

Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1993) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1989); Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall 1989, 

1993); Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1989, 1993) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977, 1985); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin 

1985; Amin and Burrows 1977; Hnath 1969; Muzzall 1989, 1993) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976) 

Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Amin 1977; Muzzall 1993) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1989); Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall 1993) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Muzzall 1989, 1993) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spinitectus sp., (Muzzall 1989) 


Burrows 1977; Muzzall 1989, 1993) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976) 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) 

Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall 1993); Capriniana sp., (Muzzall 1993) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1993); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall 1993) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1989); Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall 1989, 

1993); Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1989, 1993) 

Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall 1993); Cystidicola farionis, (Muzzall 1993); Spinitectus 

gracilis, (Muzzall 1993) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Capillaria sp., (Muzzall 1989); Haplonema hamulatum, (Muzzall 1993) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977, 1985; Muzzall 1989, 1993); Echinorhynchus 

salmonis, (Amin 1985; Amin and Burrows 1977; Muzzall 1989, 1993) 

Hirudinea: Placobdella parasitica, (Amin 1977) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976; Muzzall 1993) 

Salmo trutta (brown trout) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Amin 1977) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1989) 


Burrows 1977; Muzzall 1989) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976) 

56


Salvelinus namaycush (lake trout) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Cooper 1919; Pearse 1924b); Eubothrium salvelini, (Amin 1977; 

Muzzall 1989) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1989) 


Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977, 1985; Muzzall 1989); Echinorhynchus leidyi, 

(Pearse 1924b); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin 1985; Amin and Burrows 1977; Hnath 1969; Muzzall 

1989; Pearse 1924b) 

Hirudinea: Unidentified leeches, (Pearse 1924b) 

Copepoda: Salmincola extensus, (Pearse 1924b) 

Percopsis omiscomaycus (trout-perch) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus procercum, (Guilford 1965) 

Percopsidae 

Gadidae 

Lota lota (burbot) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Cooper 1919; Pearse 1924b); Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b) 


Burrows 1977; Pearse 1924b) 

Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Pearse 1924b); unidentified leeches, (Pearse 1924b) 

Copepoda: Achtheres pimelodi, (Pearse 1924b) 

Fundulidae 

Fundulus sp. (killifish/topminnow) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Order Trypanorhyncha gen. sp., (Haplobothrium sp.?); (Pearse 1924b) 

Gasterosteidae 

Culaea inconstans (brook stickleback) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus eucalia, (Guilford 1965); Myxobilatus sp., (Guilford 1965) 

Pungitius pungitius (ninespine stickleback) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994) 

Small fish in the Gasterosteidae 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Schistocephalus thomasi, (Garoian 1960) 

57


Cottus bairdii (mottled sculpin) 

Mastigophora: Trypanosoma sp., (Yeo 1985) 

Myxozoa: Myxobilatus cotti, (Guilford 1965) 

Cottidae 

Cottus cognatus (slimy sculpin) 

Mastigophora: Trypanosoma sp., (Yeo 1985) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus cognati, (Cone et al. 1996) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Amin 1977) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Schistocephalus sp., (French and Muzzall 2008) 


Burrows 1977) 

Myoxocephalus thompsonii (deepwater sculpin) 

Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall et al. 1997 

Microspora: Pleistophora sp., (Muzzall et al. 1997) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall et al. 1997); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall 

et al. 1997) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall et al. 1997) 

“Cottid” 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b) 

Centrarchidae 

Ambloplites rupestris (rock bass) 

Adult Digenea: Caecinicola parvulus, (Pearse 1924b); Cryptogonimus chili, (Pearse 1924b) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Pearse 1924b) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b) 

Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Pearse 1924b) 

Hirudinea: Piscicolaria sp., (Pearse 1924b) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Pearse 1924b); Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Pearse 1924b) 

Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed) 

Adult Digenea: Cryptogonimus chili, (Pearse 1924b) 


Adult Nematoda: Ascaris (?) angulata, (Pearse 1924b); Spinitectus gracilis, (Pearse 1924b) 


58


Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Pearse 1924b); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Pearse 

1924b) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Pearse 1924b) 

Hirudinea: Piscicolaria sp., (Pearse 1924b) 

Copepoda: Achtheres ambloplitis, (Pearse 1924b) 

“Bream” This is one or more species of centrarchid. 

Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum superbum, (Pearse 1924a) 

Percidae 

Etheostoma exile (Iowa darter) 


Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Pearse 1924b) 

Etheostoma nigrum (Johnny darter) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus neurophilus, (Guilford 1963) 


Perca flavescens (yellow perch) 

Myxozoa: Henneguya doori, (Guilford 1963); Myxobolus neurophilus, (Guilford 1963); Myxobolus 

scleroperca, (Guilford 1963; Muzzall 1995) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Carney and Dick 1999); Bunodera sacculata, (Muzzall 2002); 

Stephanophiala farionis (?Crepidostomum farionis), (Pearse 1924b); Azygia sp., (Pearse 1924b); 

Phyllodistomum superbum, (Pearse 1924a, 1924b) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Pearse 1924b); Diplostomum sp., (Carney and 

Dick 2000; Pearse 1924b); Apophallus sp., (Carney and Dick 2000) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus adspectus, (Carney and Dick 2000) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b); Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Carney and Dick 1999); 

Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Carney and Dick 1999, 2000); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Carney and Dick 

1999, 2000; Pearse 1924b) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Pearse 1924b); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Pearse 

1924b) 

Adult Nematoda: Philometra cylindracea, (gravid individuals?, Pearse 1924b); Camallanus oxycephalus, 

(Carney and Dick 1999, Carney and Dick 2000); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Amin 1977; Carney and Dick 

1999, 2000; Muzzall 1999); Rhabdochona ovifilamenta, (Weller 1938); Spinitectus gracilis, (Carney and 

Dick 2000) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum sp., (Muzzall 1999); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Carney and Dick 

1999); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Allison 1966; Muzzall 1999); Eustrongylides sp., (Carney and Dick 2000); 

Raphidascaris acus, (Carney and Dick 2000); Agamonema sp., (Carney and Dick 2000) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Pearse 1924b); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and 

Burrows 1977; Carney and Dick 2000; Pearse 1924b); Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Carney and Dick 2000); 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Pearse 1924b) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Pearse 1924b) 

59


Hirudinea: Desserobdella picta, (Pearse 1924b) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Pearse 1924b); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976; 

Carney and Dick 2000) 

Percina caprodes (logperch) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus scleroperca, (Guilford 1963) 


Sciaenidae 

Aplodinotus grunniens (freshwater drum) 

Adult Digenea: Homalometron armatum, (Pearse 1924b) 

Large numbers of fishes 

Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Milner 1874) 

Unspecified Fishes 

Table 6. Numbers and percentages (in parentheses) of parasite species in each major parasite 

group reported for each of five major fish families from Lake Michigan, 1874-2010. Parasite 

group abbreviations are Ci (Ciliophora), My (Myxozoa), Dt (Digenea), Mo (Monogenea), Ce 

(Cestoda), Ne (Nematoda), Ac (Acanthocephala), Hi (Hirudinea), and Co (Copepoda). 


Fish family Ci My Dt Mo Ce Ne Ac Hi Co Total 

Cyprinidae 0 7 

(58) 

1 (8) 0 1 (8) 1 (8) 2 (7) 0 0 12 

Catostomidae 0 0 1 (6) 0 3 (20) 2 (13) 7 (47) 1 (7) 1 (7) 15 

Centrarchidae 0 0 4 (31) 0 2 (15) 2 (15) 1 (8) 1 (8) 3 (23) 13 

Percidae 0 3 (9) 8 (24) 1 (3) 5 (15) 8 (24) 5 (15) 1 (3) 2 (6) 33 

Salmonidae 2 (7) 0 2 (7) 1 (4) 5 (19) 5 (19) 3 (11) 3 (11) 6 (22) 27 

60

Table 7. Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity based on the presence of parasites 

reported for five fish families from Lake Michigan during 1874-2010. 

Fish family Cyprinidae Catostomidae Salmonidae Centrarchidae 

Cyprinidae 1.0000 0.1250 0.0256 0.0416 

Catostomidae 0.1250 1.0000 0.1714 0.1153 

Salmonidae 0.0256 0.1714 1.0000 0.1081 

Centrarchidae 0.0416 0.1153 0.1081 1.0000 

Percidae 0.0434 0.2000 0.1851 0.1951 


LAKE SUPERIOR 

Results 

Thirty-five studies conducted during 1871-2010 have reported a parasite species infecting 1 or 

more fish species in Lake Superior. Most studies were conducted during 1980-1999 (Table 4). A 

total of 148 parasite species (4 Mastigophora, 5 Ciliophora, 8 Myxozoa, 19 adult Digenea, 12 

larval/immature Digenea, 26 Monogenea, 18 adult Cestoda (not including Dibothrium 

infundibuliforme), 6 larval/immature Cestoda, 18 adult Nematoda, 3 larval/immature Nematoda, 

13 adult Acanthocephala, 4 Hirudinea, 11 Copepoda, 1 Mollusca) have been reported from Lake 

Superior fish (Table 2). Although Bucephalus elegans, Bothriocephalus sp., Proteocephalus sp., 

Triaenophorus crassus, T. nodulosus, Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Camallanus oxycephalus, 

Cystidicola farionis, Echinorhynchus sp., Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, Pomphorhynchus 

bulbocolli, and Leptorhynchoides thecatus were represented in both adult and larval/immature 

groups, they are listed in the adult category and only counted once. The parasites by taxonomic 

group and family, infecting fish from Lake Superior, are listed in Table 8. 

Protozoans 

Only one genus of mastigophoran, Trypanosoma, possibly representing three or more species, 

was found in the blood of Gymnocephalus cernuus and Cottus spp. Three species of ciliophorans 

(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Scyphidia sp., Tetrahymena sp.) have been reported from G. 

cernuus. Trichodina urinaria and Trichodina sp. infected Perca flavescens and Ambloplites 

rupestris, respectively. Seven species of myxozoans in the Myxobolidae have been reported, with 

most species occurring in one fish species or in one family. Thelohanellus notatus was found in 

three species of cyprinids. All protozoans occurred in non-intestinal sites. 

61


This parasite group was the most represented with the largest number of species (31) and eight 

families. Individual families were represented by only one species, except for the Allocreadiidae 

and Gorgoderidae. The family Allocreadiidae had eight species represented, with Crepidostomum 

farionis reported from seven fish species. Five species of Crepidostomum and four species of 

Phyllodistomum were documented. Individuals of most digenean species occurred only in the 

intestine, except for Crepidostomum farionis (also gall bladder), Phyllodistomum farionis and 

Phyllodistomum coregoni (ureters), and Sanguinicola occidentalis (blood). Individuals of six 

families were represented by larval/immature digenetic trematodes mostly infecting non-intestinal 

sites. Ichthyocotylurus erraticus was associated with the heart of five fish species. Seven species 

are in the Diplostomidae, with Diplostomum spathaceum reported from 16 fish species. 

Monogeneans 

Twenty-six species representing seven families of monogeneans were reported. Nine and seven 

species were in the Ancyrocephalidae and Dactylogyridae, respectively. The genera Urocleidus 

and Dactylogyrus were each represented by five species. Most species occurred on the gills, 

except for Lyrodiscus rupestris and Pellucidhaptor catostomi (fins, nares, nasal cavity), 

Acolpenteron catostomi (ureters), Gyrodactylus bairdi (also fins) and Gyrodactylus dechtiara 

(fins). Most monogenean species were host-specific to one fish species or one fish family, but 

Discocotyle sagittata was found on the gills of five salmonid species. 

Cestodes 

Adult cestodes in seven families have been reported. Four species of caryophyllids occurred in 

catostomids, Eubothrium crassum and E. salvelini only infected salmonids, and Eubothrium 

rugosum was only found in Lota lota. Eubothrium salvelini and Cyathocephalus truncatus 

infected six and five fish species, respectively. Seven species are in the Proteocephalidae with six 

of these species in the genus Proteocephalus. Many species in this family are host-specific to one 

fish species or family. Triaenophorus crassus and T. nodulosus are host-specific to Esox lucius. 

Larval/immature cestodes from four families were found. Five species (Diphyllobothrium 

ditremum, D. laruei, D. latum, D. oblongatum, Ligula intestinalis) are in the Diphyllobothriidae. 

Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei, and D. oblongatum only infected coregonids. 

Diphyllobothrium latum has only been reported from Esox lucius and Lota lota. Species in this 

family and Triaenophorus spp. were found in a variety of non-intestinal sites. Larvae of 

Triaenophorus crassus occurred in coregonids and salmonids. Only Bothriocephalus sp., 

Proteocephalus ambloplitis, and Proteocephalus sp. were solely represented as immature 

individuals, and these occurred in the intestine. 

62

Nematodes 

Adult nematodes representing eight families were reported. All individuals occurred in the 

digestive tract, except for Cystidicola spp. (swimbladder), Philometroides nodulosus (cheek 

galleries), and Philonema oncorhynchi (body cavity). Five nematode species were from the 

family Cystidicolidae. Capillaria salvelini has been reported from 4 species of Oncorhynchus and 

2 species of whitefish, Cystidicola farionis from 13 fish species, C. stigmatura from 4 species, 

Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum from 5 species, and Spinitectus gracilis from 7 fish species. Four 

species in the Rhabdochonidae have been identified. Of the seven larval/immature nematode 

species found, Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, and 

Spiroxys sp. occurred in non-intestinal sites and Camallanus oxycephalus, C. farionis, and 

Haplonema sp. were reported from the intestine. 


Adult acanthocephalan species representing four families were found. Neoechinorhynchidae was 

represented by eight species with the genus Neoechinorhynchus most common. 

Neoechinorhynchus crassus, N. cristatus, and Octospinifer macilentus infected primarily 

catostomids. Echinorhynchus salmonis infected 17 fish species. Acanthocephalus dirus and 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli infected nine and seven species, respectively. Three of the four 

species of immature acanthocephalans were found in the intestine—only Leptorhynchoides 

thecatus occurred in non-intestinal sites. 

Leeches 

Four species of leeches (Actinobdella inequiannulata, Myzobdella lugubris, Piscicola milneri, P. 

punctata) in two families were infrequently found on fish. 

Crustaceans 

Two families of parasitic copepods were documented—Ergasilidae (5 species) and 

Lernaeopodidae (6 species). Ergasilus caeruleus and E. nerkae were found on four and five fish 

species, respectively. Other copepod species (E. centrarchidarum, E. cotti, E. luciopercarum, 

Achtheres pimelodi, Salmincola extensus, S. extumescens, S. inermis, S. lotae) are host-specific to 

one fish species or one fish family. 

Molluscs 

Unidentified glochidia occurred on Pungitius pungitius, Percopsis omiscomaycus, and Perca 

flavescens. 

63


Thirty-seven fish species (44%) of the 85 established fish species in 14 families were examined 

for parasites from Lake Superior (Table 9). Of these 37 fish species, 20 (54%) species have had 

some aspect of their parasites studied only once. The most fish species examined were in 

Salmonidae (15) and Cyprinidae (4). Among individual fishes, parasite species-richness was 

highest in Coregonus artedi (28), Catostomus commersonii (25), and Notropis hudsonius (21). 

Only one parasitic study was reported for nineteen fish species (Acipenser fulvescens, Alosa 

pseudoharengus, Luxilus cornutus, Pimephales notatus, Rhinichthys cataractae, Ameiurus 

nebulosus, Coregonus alpena, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, C. kiyi, C. zenithecus, Prosopium 

coulteri, Salmo trutta, Cottus bairdii, C. ricei, Ambloplitis rupestris, Micropterus dolomieu, 

Perca flavescens, Sander vitreus) and only two studies were reported for seven fish species 

(Catostomus catostomus, C. commersonii, Esox lucius, Salvelinus fontinalis, Percopsis 

omiscomaycus, Cottus cognatus, Gymnocephalus cernuus). Notropis hudsonius, Pungitius 

pungitius, and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha each had three studies on their parasites, and 

Oncorhynchus kisutch and Onocorhynchus mykiss four studies. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, 

Prosopium cylindraceum, Osmerus mordax and Lota lota each had 5 studies, Salvelinus 

namaycush 9 studies, and Coregonus artedi 13 studies. 

Fifty fish species plus one hybrid (Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis) from Lake 

Superior that have not had information published on their parasites are: Ichthyomyzon fossor, I. 

unicuspis, Lampetra appendix, Petromyzon marinus, Lepisosteus osseus, Dorosoma cepedianum, 

Couesius plumbeus, Cyprinus carpio, Hybognathus hankinsoni, Margariscus margarita, Nocomis 

biguttatus, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis atherinoides, N. heterodon, N. heterolepis, N. 

volucellus, N. stramineus, Opsopoeodus emiliae, Phoxinus eos, P. neogaeus, Pimephales 

promelas, Rhinichthys obtusus, Semotilus atromaculatus, Moxostoma anisurum, M. 

macrolepidotum, M. valenciennesi, Ameiurus melas, A. natalis, Ictalurus punctatus, Noturus 

flavus, N. gyrinus, Esox masquinongy, Umbra limi, Apeltes quadracus, Culaea inconstans, 

Gasterosteus aculeatus, Myoxocephalus thompsonii, Morone americana, M. chrysops, Lepomis 

gibbosus, L. macrochirus, Micropterus salmoides, Pomoxis nigromaculatus, Etheostoma exile, E. 

flabellare, E. microperca, E. nigrum, Percina caprodes, Sander canadensis, and Aplodinotus 

grunniens. 


The values for parasite species-richness and number of fish species examined (in parentheses) for 

each of the five major fish families were Centrarchidae (24, 2), Cyprinidae (29, 4), Catostomidae 

(32, 2), Percidae (38, 3), and Salmonidae (45, 15). The correlation coefficient between parasite 

species-richness and number of fish species examined for each family using these values for all 

five families was nonsignificant (rs = 0.615). 

64

Parasites only found in centrarchids were adult digenetic trematodes (Proterometra macrostoma), 

larval digenetic trematodes (Uvulifer ambloplitis), monogeneans (Lyrodiscus rupestris), 

larval/immature nematodes (Camallanus oxycephalus), adult acanthocephalans 

(Leptorhynchoides thecatus), immature acanthocephalans (Leptorhynchoides thecatus), leeches 

(Myzobdella lugubris), and copepods (Achtheres pimelodi, Ergasilus centrarchidarum). Parasite 

species only found in cyprinids were protozoans (Myxobolus algonquiensis, M. burti, M. grandis, 

Thelohanellus notatus, Zschokkella sp.), larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Centrovarium 

lobotes, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Tylodelphys scheuringi), monogeneans (Dactylogyrus 

banghami, D. bifurcatus, D. cornutus, Gyrodactylus dechtiara, Octomacrum microconfibula), 

adult nematodes (Rhabdochona decaturensis), and adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus 

notemigoni). Parasites only found in catostomids were protozoans (Myxobolus bibullatum), adult 

digenetic trematodes (Lissorchis attenuatus, Phyllodistomum lysteri, Plagiocirrus sp.), 

monogeneans (Acolpenteron catostomi, Anonchohaptor anomalus, Octomacrum lanceatum), 

adult cestodes (Glaridacris catostomi, G. laruei, Isoglaridacris bulbocirrus, Monobothrium 

hunteri), larval cestodes (Ligula intestinalis), adult nematodes (Capillaria catostomi, 

Philometroides nodulosa), adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus cristatus, Octospinifer 

macilentus), leeches (Actinobdella inequiannulata), and copepods (Ergasilus caeruleus, E. 

nerkae). Parasites only found in percids were protozoans (Trypanosoma acerinae, Trichodina 

urinaria, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Scyphidia sp., Tetrahymena sp.), adult digenetic trematodes 

(Acanthostomum sp., Bucephalus elegans, Bunodera sacculata, Crepidostomum cooperi, 

Phyllodistomum superbum, Sanguinicola occidentalis), larval digenetic trematodes (Apophallus 

brevis, Bucephalus elegans, Neascus brevicaudatus), monogeneans (Dactylogyrus 

amphibothrium, D. hemiamphibothrium), adult nematodes (Camallanus oxycephalus, Dichelyne 

cotylophora, Rhabdochona ovifilamenta, Spinitectus carolini), larval/immature nematodes 

(Hysterothylacium brachyurum), copepods (Ergasilus centrarchidarum), and mollusks 

(unidentified glochidia). Parasites only found in salmonids were protozoans (Chloromyxum sp., 

Henneguya zschokkei, Henneguya sp.), adult digenetic trematodes (Crepidostomum farionis, C. 

isostomum, Phyllodistomum coregoni), monogeneans (Discocotyle sagittata), adult cestodes 

(Eubothrium crassum, E. salvelini, Proteocephalus exiguus, P. laruei, P. parallacticus, P. 

salvelini), larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei, D. oblongatum, 

Diphyllobothrium sp., Triaenophorus crassus), adult nematodes (Capillaria salvelini, 

Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, Cystidicoloides sp., Philonema oncorhynchi), immature 

nematodes (Haplonema sp.), adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus tumidus), leeches 

(Piscicola milneri), and copepods (Salmincola extensus, S. extumescens, S. inermis, S. siscowet). 

The parasite group(s) (in parentheses) most common in each fish family were Cyprinidae 

(digenetic trematodes), Catostomidae (digenetic trematodes and cestodes), Centrarchidae 

(digenetic trematodes followed by monogeneans), Percidae (digenetic trematodes followed by 

nematodes), and Salmonidae (cestodes followed by nematodes) (Table 10). 

65

The numbers and percentages of autogenic and allogenic helminth species (in parentheses) for 

each fish family, respectively, were Centrarchidae (10 species, 71%, 4 species, 29%), Cyprinidae 

(9 species, 50%, 9 species, 50%), Catostomidae (19 species, 86%, 3 species, 14%), Percidae (20 

species, 77%, 6 species, 23%), and Salmonidae (28 species, 82%, 6 species, 18%). 


Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity were calculated for the following fish 

families and species: Centrarchidae (Ambloplites rupestris, Micropterus dolomieu), Cyprinidae 

(Luxilus cornutus, Notropis hudsonius, Pimephales notatus, Rhinichthys cataractae), 

Catostomidae (Catostomus catostomus, C. commersonii), Percidae (Gymnocephalus cernuus, 

Perca flavescens, Sander vitreus), and Salmonidae (Coregonus alpenae, C. artedi, C. 

clupeaformis, C. hoyi, C. kiyi, C. zenithecus, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. kisutch, O. mykiss, O. 

tshawytscha, Prosopium coulteri, P. cylindraceum, Salmo trutta, Salvelinus fontinalis, S. 

namaycush). The coefficients were very low and ranged from 0.0377 (Catostomidae and 

Centrarchidae) to 0.0923 (Salmonidae and Centrarchidae) and indicate that few parasite species 

are shared among fish species in these fish families (Table 11). 

Species or a specific genus of each major parasite group reported for two or more of the five fish 

families (in parentheses) are: adult digenetic trematodes—Allocreadium lobatum (2), 

Crepidostomum cornutum (2), Azygia angusticauda (2), larval/immature digenenetic 

trematodes—Clinostomum complanatum (4), Diplostomum spathaceum (10), Posthodiplostomum 

minimum (2), Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (2), Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (2), adult cestodes— 

Cyathocephalus truncatus (2), larval/immature cestodes—Bothriocephalus sp. (2), 

Diphyllobothrium latum (2), Ligula intestinalis (3), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (2), 

Triaenophorus nodulosus (2), adult nematodes—Hysterothylacium brachyurum (4), Cystidicola 

farionis (2), Cystidicola stigmatura (2), Rhabdochona canadensis (2), Spinitectus gracilis (4), 

larval/immature nematodes—Raphidascaris acus (2), adult acanthocephalans-Acanthocephalus 

dirus (8), Echinorhynchus lateralis (2), Echinorhynchus salmonis (8), Neoechinorhynchus 

crassus (2), Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (2), Neoechinorhynchus rutili (2), 

Neoechinorhynchus tenellus (2), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (5), and Leptorhynchoides thecatus 

(3). 

Discussion 

Lake Superior is the largest and deepest of the Great Lakes with an approximate length and width 

of 563 km and 257 km, respectively (Herdendorf, 1982). Its surface area is approximately 82,100 

km 2 and has a mean depth (maximum) of 149 m (405 m). The waters of Lake Superior flow into 

Lake Huron through the St. Marys River. 

66

Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (2000) listed a total of 85 established fish species in Lake 

Superior. Thirty-seven fish species (44%) of the established fish species representing 14 families 

were examined for parasites (Table 5). The primary survey done on the parasites of Lake Superior 

fish was by Dechtiar and Lawrie (1988) who examined 27 fish species and found 122 parasite 

species (not including agnaths). The numbers (in parentheses) found by them in each main 

parasite group were Protozoa (7), Digenetic Trematoda (28), Monogenea (26), Cestoda (17), 

Nematoda (18), Acanthocephala (12), Crustacea (8), Hirudinea (5), and Mollusca (1). The 

number of parasitic species in each group reported in this synopsis was similar to that reported by 

Dechtiar and Lawrie (1988), except for protozoans (+10 species) and cestodes (+7 species). 


Protozoans 

The effect of Trypanosoma spp. in the blood of infected fish is difficult to measure based on the 

small number studies performed. Some ciliophorans (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina 

urinaria, Tetrahymena sp.) and myxozoans (Henneguya spp., Myxobolus spp., Thelohanellus 

notatus) can infect a variety of non-intestinal sites damaging the skin, muscle, internal organs, 

and gills causing weight loss to their fish hosts as well as mortalities (Elser 1955; Dogiel et al. 

1958; Reichenbach-Klinke and Elkan 1965; Reichenbach-Klinke 1973; Hoffman et al. 1975). 


Of the adult digenetic trematodes found, it is possible that Crepidostomum farionis in the gall 

bladder (D. Mitchum, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, personal communication, 1966; 

Hoffman (1999)), Phyllodistomum spp. in the ureters (Gleason et al. 1983), and Sanguinicola sp. 

in the blood can cause pathology to their hosts (Wales 1958a). Larval digenetic trematodes 

(called metacercariae; typically encysted) that are known to cause pathology and mortalities of 

fish, especially young ones, are: Clinostomum complanatum, Centrovarium lobotes, Crassiphiala 

bulboglossa, Diplostomum spathaceum, Diplostomum sp., Neascus sp., Posthodiplostomum 

minimum, Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, and Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (see Meyer 1958; Kozicka 

1958; Bychovaskaya-Pavlovskaya and Petrushevski 1963; Dukes 1975). 

Monogeneans 

Several species of monogeneans are considered potentially harmful to fish, particularly for young 

fish, and three of these species, Discocotyle sagittata, Tetraonchus monenteron, and T. variabilis, 

were documented in Lake Superior (Mizelle 1938; Tripathi 1959; Dogiel et al. 1958; Lester and 

Adams 1974). When abundant, these species can cause mechanical damage at their attachment 

site, including gill lesions, epithelial hyperplasia, fusion of lamellae and filaments, and filament 

clubbing (Williams and Jones 1994). 

67

Cestodes 

Eubothrium crassum, E. rugosum, E. salvelini, Cyathocephalus truncatus, Triaenophorus 

crassus, and T. nodulosus are adult cestodes that have been reported to cause pathology to fish 

(Vik 1954, 1958; Smith and Margolis 1970; Boyce 1979). Larval cestodes (plerocercoids) of 

Diphyllobothrium spp., Ligula intestinalis, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Triaenophorus crassus, 

T. nodulosus, and Triaenophorus sp. can cause various pathology and problems to fish, including 

destruction of ovary and oogenic tissue, sterility, haemorrhage caused by moving plerocercoids, 

poor condition and stunting (Esch and Huffines 1973; Hoffman and Dunbar 1961; McCormick 

and Stokes 1982). It is also possible that the occurrence of Triaenophorus crassus and 

Triaenophorus sp. in the muscle of salmonids may cause difficulties in marketing these fish 

(Hoffman 1941; Miller 1945, 1952; Welch 1950, 1952; Warren 1952). Problems associated with 

muscle of fish infected with Triaenophorus include tissue reduced to homogenous mass as well as 

haemorrhage and lesions caused by moving plerocercoids, and encapsulation of plerocercoids, 

accompanied by inflammation (Pronina 1977; Davydov 1981; Rosen and Dick 1984). 

Nematodes 

Wright (1879) was the first study on a parasite infecting a fish from Lake Superior and that 

parasite was the nematode Cystidicola stigmatura in the swim bladder of Salvelinus namyacush. 

Cystidicola farionis infects the swim bladder of coregonines, salmonines and Osmerus mordax, 

and C. stigmatura occurs in the swim bladder of Salvelinus spp. Black (1984) reported on swim 

bladder lesions in S. namaycush that may have been caused by adult C. stigmatura. The larval 

stages of Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium brachyurum, and Raphidascaris acus occurring in 

the viscera, including the liver, can cause inflammation, damage, and fibrosis in a variety of 

fishes, including salmonids (Williams 1967). Dick et al. (1987) believed that efforts to establish 

an Oncorhynchus mykiss population in an inland lake failed because of high intensities of 

Contracaecum spp. 


Of the adult acanthocephalans, Acanthocephalus dirus, Echinorhynchus lateralis, and 

Echinorhynchus salmonis are the most-important species causing inflammation of the intestinal 

tract, thus reducing the amount of surface area for nutrient absorption in their fish hosts (Bullock 

1963; Pippy and Sandeman 1967; Schmidt et al. 1974). Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli caused 

erosion of the epithelium, marked cellular reaction, and the formation of a fibrous capsule around 

its proboscis when it penetrated the intestinal wall (McDonough and Gleason 1981). 

Leeches 

The first report of a parasitic organism from Lake Superior was Verrill (1871) who commented 

on the occurrence of the leech Piscicola punctata, but did not document it infecting a fish. 

Leeches occasionally cause fish mortalities (Rupp and Meyer 1954). However, leeches are not 

important pathogens of fish in Lake Superior to date, except for Actinobdella inequiannulata that 

can damage the gills and operculum of catostomids by eroding the epithelium and causing 

68

hyperplasia of the surrounding epithelium and an intense inflammatory response (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988). 

Crustaceans 

Several species of Ergasilus infect a variety of fish species in Lake Superior. These can cause 

mechanical damage when attached to the gills, fins, and other areas producing hemorrhaging and 

epithelial hyperplasia in heavy infections (Kabata 1970; Dechtair and Lawrie 1988). Several 

species of Salmincola infect cold-water fish species in the Great Lakes, including Lakes Michigan 

and Superior, causing hyperplasia of gill filaments and growth inhibition of infected gill filaments 

(Piasecki and Avenant-Oldewage 2008). 


Only 29 helminth species, 20% of all fish parasites reported in Lake Superior, infected fish in two 

or more fish families. All these parasite species have indirect life cycles involving intermediate 

hosts. Of these, most species were acanthocephalans (31%) and digenetic trematodes (28%). 

There were 117 parasite species that were host-specific to one fish species or one fish family in 

Lake Superior. There was no protozoan, monogenean, leech, copepod, or mollusc species shared 

by fish in the five different families surveyed. 

Jaccards coefficients of parasite-community similarity for fish among the five fish-family 

comparisons were very low indicating fish in these families shared few parasite species. The 

highest coefficient (0.0923) involved the Salmonidae (Salmoniformes) and Centrarchidae 

(Perciformes) followed by the Cyprinidae (Cypriniformes) and Centrarchidae. Furthermore, only 

one parasite species was shared between the Centrarchidae and Cottidae. These low coefficients 

involving fish species among these fish families indicate they do not occupy the same habitats or 

the habitats do not overlap much, and the diets of the fish species do not typically overlap either 

by food items or spatially in foraging areas. Fish in the Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, and Percidae 

can be considered cool-water species, individuals in the Catostomidae as temperature generalists, 

and fish in the Salmonidae as cold-water species. There is no pattern for these coefficients of 

parasite-community similarity in relationship to fish phylogeny or temperature preferences. 

Furthermore, the low Jaccard coefficients for parasite-community similarity among the 

centrarchids, catostomids, cyprinids, percids, and salmonids indicate that each fish family has its 

own characteristic parasite fauna in Lake Superior. 


Digenetic trematodes dominated the parasite communities of fish in the Cyprinidae, 

Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, and Percidae (see Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988 for similar results). 

Cestodes that utilize copepods as first intermediate hosts, was the most-common group of parasite 

found in the Salmonidae. 

69

Most fish species examined for parasites from Lake Superior were salmonids (15 species). Only 

2-4 fish species were examined in the other families. Salmonids had the richest parasite fauna (45 

parasite species) followed by percids (39 parasite species). Only one study was performed on the 

parasites of Perca flavescens (see Dechtair and Lawrie 1988). Of the 34 helminth species found 

in salmonids, 82% were autogenic, and 77% of the helminth species found in percids were 

autogenic. Catostomids had the highest percentage of autogenic helminth species (86%). 

Cyprinids were infected with 30 parasite species and had the highest percentage of allogenic 

species (50%). Fish in all the families, except the Cyprinidae are dominated by autogenic 

helminth species. Twenty-four parasite species were reported from only two fish species 

examined in the Centrarchidae. Based on the available literature from a fish family and parasite 

perspective, salmonids and their autogenic parasites, and Perca flavescens and its autogenic 

parasites are prominent in Lake Superior, similar to the findings in Lake Michigan. 

The autogenic helminth species reported for Lake Superior that mature in fish include the 

larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Bucephalus elegans, Bucephalus sp., Centrovarium 

lobotes), larval/immature cestodes (Bothriocephalus sp., Proteocephalus ambloplitis, 

Proteocephalus sp., Triaenophorus crassus, T. nodulosus, Triaenophorus sp.), larval/immature 

nematodes (Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus oxycephalus, 

Cystidicola farionis, Haplonema sp.), and the immature acanthocephalans (Echinorhynchus sp., 

Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, Neoechinorhynchus sp., Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus). Of the allogenic helminth species found, larvae of the digenetic 

trematodes of Clinostomum complanatum, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum spathaceum, 

Diplostomum sp., Neascus brevicaudatus, Neascus sp., Posthodiplostomum minimum, 

Tylodelphys scheuringi, Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, and 

I. pileatus, Ichthyocotylurus sp. mature in piscivorous birds; larvae of the cestodes of 

Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. oblongatum, and Ligula intestinalis mature in piscivorous birds; 

larvae of the cestodes of Diphyllobothrium laruei and D. latum mature in mammals; larvae of the 

nematode of Contracaecum sp. mature in birds, and the larval nematode, Spiroxys sp. matures in 

turtles. 

70

Table 8. Parasites reported in fishes from Lake Superior during 1871-2010. Host documentation, 

in order, consists of references; when observed (cdnp = collection data not provided); prevalence 

defined as the percentage (%) of fish infected (pnp = prevalence not provided); mean intensity 

defined as the mean number of parasites per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided); 

mean abundance defined as the mean number of parasites per examined fish and noted with an 

asterisk; intensity of infection (L = light, 1-9 parasites per host; M = medium, 10-49 parasites per 

host; and H = heavy, >50 parasites per host) from Dechtiar and Lawrie (1988); location (lns = 

location not specified); latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude and longitude not known). 



Trypanosoma acerinae Brumpt, 1906 

Synonym: None 


Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991, 1992; 10%; minp; Pokegama Bay, 

Wisconsin; 46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′ 

Remarks: Trypanosoma acerinae is an exotic species. 

Trypanosoma sp. I 


Host: Cottus ricei: Pronina et al. 1999; August-September 1994; 22%; minp; Chequamegon Bay, Apostle 

Islands, Wisconsin; 46°39′0′′/-90°50′49′′ 

Trypanosoma sp. II 


Host: 

Cottus cognatus: Pronina et al. 1999; August-September 1994; 20%; minp; Chequamegon Bay, Apostle 

Islands, Wisconsin; 46°39′0′′/-90°50′49′′ 

Cottus ricei: Pronina et al. 1999; 11%; minp; Chequamegon Bay, Apostle Islands, Wisconsin 

Trypanosoma sp. III 


Host: Cottus cognatus: Pronina et al. 1999; August-September 1994; 20%; minp; Chequamegon Bay, 

Apostle Islands, Wisconsin; 46°39′0′′/-90°50′49′′ 

71



Ichthyophthiriidae Kent, 1881 

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876) 

Synonym: None 



Minnesota; 46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′ 

Scyphiidae Kahl, 1933 

Scyphidia sp. 



Minnesota; 46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′ 

Tetrahymenidae Corliss, 1952 

Tetrahymena sp. 

Site of Infection: [Skin, muscle, viscera] 

Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; August-September 1994; 15%; minp; Pokegama Bay, 

Wisconsin; 46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′ 


Trichodina urinaria Dogiel, 1940 

Synonym: Trichodina algonquinensis Li and Desser, 1983 

Site of Infection: Ureters 

Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 29%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 16%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

72


Myxozoa (Myxozoans) 

Chloromyxidae Thelohan, 1892 

Chloromyxum sp. 

Site of Infection: [Gall bladder] 

Host: Coregonus artedi: Hoff et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 38%; minp; Port Wing; 46°46′28′′/-91°23′11′′; 

Basswood Island; 46°51′0′′/-90°44′46′′; Outer Island; 47°2′6′/-90°25′51′′; Sand Island; 46°58′44′′/- 

90°56′54′′; Wisconsin; 54%; minp; Knife River, Minnesota; 45°54′28′′/-93°17′54′′ 


Henneguya zschokkei (Gurley, 1893) Doflein, 1901 

Synonym: Henneguya salmincola Ward, 1919 according to Shulman (1966) 


Host: Coregonus artedi: Hoff et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 1%;




Site of infection: Intracellular in striated muscle 

Host: 


October 2002; 40%; minp; Duluth Harbor, Minnesota; 46°45′52′′/- 92°5′40” 


2004 

Myxobolus grandis (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984 

Synonym: Myxosoma grandis Kudo, 1934; Myxosoma grandis Fantham, Porter and Richardson, 1939 

Site of Infection: Liver 

Host: Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 9%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Myxobolus sp. 

Site of Infection: Gills, heart 

Host: 

Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 3%; 1969-1975; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991 and 1992; 5%; minp; Pokegama Bay, Wisconsin; 

46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′ 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 13%; H; lns; Ontario 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 36%; M; lns; Ontario 


October 2002; 33%; minp; Duluth Harbor, Minnesota; 46°45′52′′/- 92°5′40” 

Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 21%; M; lns; Ontario 




2001, October 2002; 20%; minp; Duluth Harbor, Minnesota; 46°45′52′′/- 92°5′40” 

74




Allocreadium lobatum Wallin, 1909 

Synonym: Allocreadium isoporum (Looss, 1894) of Canadian authors 


Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario 

Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 14%; 52; Apostle Islands, 

Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′ 




Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; August-September 1994; 15%; 1; Allouez Bay, 

Wisconsin; 46°41′26′/-92°0′9′′ 







Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; August-September 1994; 5%;


Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 63%; M; lns; Ontario 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 28%; M; lns; Ontario 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 4%; 3; Carp 

River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; Harlow Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 27%; M; lns; Ontario 

Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 64%; M; lns; Ontario 

Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario 

Crepidostomum isostomum Hopkins, 1931 

Synonym: Crepidostomum laureatum of Cooper (1915) (partim); Crepidostomum canadense Hopkins, 

1931 


Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 62%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Crepidostomum lintoni (Pratt and Linton, 1901) Hopkins, 1933 

Synonym: Crepidostomum petalosum Lander 


Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1973; 100%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Plagiocirrus sp. 


Host: Catostomus catostomus: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 2%; 1; Apostle Islands, 

Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′ 


Azygia angusticauda (Stafford, 1904) Manter, 1926 

Synonym: Mimodistomum angusticaudum Stafford, 1904; Azygia loossi Marshall and Gilbert, 1905; 

Ptychogonimus fontanus, Lyster, 1939 


Host: 

Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 50%; lns; Ontario 

Proterometra macrostoma (Faust, 1918) Horsfall, 1933 

Synonym: None 


Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 37%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

76


Bucephalidae Poche, 1907 

Bucephalus elegans Woodhead, 1930 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: [Pyloric ceca] 




Synonym: Phyllodistomum fausti Pearse 1924; Phyllodistomum pearsei, Holl 1929; Phyllodistomum 




Phyllodistomum sp. 


Host: Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 18%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: 

Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario 


Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′ 

Sanguinicolidae Graaff, 1907 

Sanguinicola occidentalis Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Sanguinicola sp. 


Host: 


Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 28%; L; lns; Ontario 

78





Synonym: None 




Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 91%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario 

Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 83%; M; lns; Ontario 

Remarks: Referred to as black-spot or the Neascus of Crassiphiala bulboglossa. 


Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1832; 

Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1833 of Cooper (1915); probably Diplostomum emarginatae Olivier, 

1942; Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928); Diplostomum indistinctum, Diplostomum gigas 

Site of Infection: Eye 

Host: 

Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 67%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 42%; L; lns; Ontario 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 54%; L; lns; Ontario 


Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 36%; L; lns; Ontario 



Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 31%; L; lns; Ontario 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 29%; L; lns; Ontario 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 44%; L; lns; Ontario 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 73%; L; lns; Ontario 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 62%; L; lns; Ontario 

Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 30%; L; lns; Ontario 

Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario 

80



Site of Infection: [Eye] 

Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 100%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′ 

Catostomus commersonii: Fischthal 1952; 60%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin 

Osmerus mordax: Fischthal 1952; 38%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin 

Coregonus artedi: Hoff et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 2%;


Tylodelphys scheuringi (Hughes, 1929) Dubois, 1938 

Synonym: Diplostomulum scheuringi Hughes, 1929; Diplostomum scheuringi (Hughes, 1929) Bangham 

and Hunter, 1939 


Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 64%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Uvulifer ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927) Dubois, 1938 

Synonym: Neascus ambloplitis Hughes, 1927; Crassiphiala ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927) Hunter and Hunter, 

1931; Neascus wardi Hunter, 1928 

Site of Infection: Fins, skin 

Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 32%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Heterophyidae Odhner, 1914 

Apophallus brevis Ransom, 1920 

Synonym: Apophallus americanus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932; Apophallus itascaensis Warren, 1953; 

Distomum sp. larva of Cooper (1915) 


Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 75%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (Rudolphi, 1809) Odening, 1969 

Synonym: Tetracotyle intermedia Hughes, 1928; Cotylurus erraticus (Rudolphi, 1809) Szidat, 1928 

Site of Infection: Heart 

Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 22%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 39%; L-M; lns; Ontario 



Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991 and 1992; 15%;



Site of Infection: Kidney, mesentery 

Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 15%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Urocleidus aculeatus (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Mueller, 1934 

Synonym: Ancyrocephalus aculeatus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932; Cleidodiscus aculeatus (Van Cleave 

and Mueller, 1932) Mizelle and Regensberger, 1945 


Host: Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 93%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 83%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Urocleidus alatus (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1968 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus alatus (Mueller, 1938) 


Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 79%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Urocleidus baldwini (Dechtiar, 1974) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus baldwini Dechtiar, 1974 


Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 69%; M; lns; Ontario 

Urocleidus ferox (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1936 

Synonym: Onchocleidus ferox Mueller, 1934; Onchocleidus nucronatus Mizelle, 1936; Cleidiodiscus ferox 

(Mueller, 1934) Price and Mura, 1969 


Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyridae Bykhovski, 1933 

Acolpenteron catostomi Fischthal and Allison, 1942 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


84


Dactylogyrus amphibothrium Wagener, 1857 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Gymnocephalus cernuus: Cone et al. 1994; July 1992; 80%; minp; Duluth Harbor; 46°45′52′′/-92°5′40′′; 

Minnesota and adjacent bays in Superior, Wisconsin; llnk 

Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991 and 1992; p and mi could not be determined; 

Allouez Bay; 46°41′26′′/-92°0′9′′; and/or Pokegama Bay, Wisconsin; 46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′ 

Remarks: Dactylogyrus amphibothrium is an exotic species. 

Dactylogyrus banghami Mizelle and Donahue, 1944 

Synonym: None 


Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 83%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus bifurcatus Mizelle, 1937 

Synonym: Neodactylogyrus bifurcatus Price, 1938 


Host: Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 86%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus cornutus Mueller, 1938 

Synonym: Neodactylogyrus cornutus Price, 1938 


Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 91%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus hemiamphibothrium Ergens, 1956 

Synonym: None 


Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991 and 1992; 15%; minp; Allouez Bay, 

Wisconsin; 46°41′26′′/-92°0′9′′ 

Remarks: Dactylogyrus hemiamphibothrium is an exotic species. 

Dactylogyrus sp. 


Host: Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 44%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Pellucidhaptor catostomi Dechtiar, 1969 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Fins, nasal cavity 

Host: Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

85


Diclybothriidae Bykovskii and Gusev, 1950 

Diclybothrium armatum Leuckart, 1835 

Synonym: Diplobothrium armatum (Leuckart, 1835) 


Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 67%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Discocotylidae Price, 1936 

Discocotyle sagittata (Leuckart, 1842) Diesing, 1850 

Synonym: Discocotyle salmonis Schaffer, 1916 


Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 83%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Gyrodactylus dechtiari Hanek and Fernando, 1971 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Fins 

Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 80%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodacylus sp. 

Site of Infection: Fins, gills 

Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 82%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 19%; M; lns; Ontario 

Pseudomurraytrematidae (Kritsky, Mizelle, and Bilquees, 1978) Beverly-Burton, 1984 

Anonchohaptor anomalus Mueller, 1938 

Synonym: None 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 21%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Anonchohaptor sp. 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 3%; 1; Apostle Islands, 

Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′ 

Pseudomurraytrema copulatum (Mueller, 1938) Bykhovski, 1957 

Synonym: None 


Host: 



Tetraonchidae Bykhovski, 1937 

Tetraonchus monenteron (Wagener, 1857) Diesing, 1858 

Synonym: Dactylogyrus monenteron (Wagener, 1857); Gyrodactylus cochlea Wedl, 1857; Monocoelium 

monenteron (Wagener, 1857), Wegener, 1909; Ancyrocephalus monenteron Luhe, 1909 


Host: 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 92%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

87


Tetraonchus variabilis Mizelle and Webb, 1953 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar 1972b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 27%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Synonym: Caryophyllaeus terebrans of Bangham and Adams 1954 (partim); Glaridacris laruei of 



Host: 


Catostomus catostomus: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 10%; 2; Apostle Islands, 

Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′ 

Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; 9%; 2; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin 

Glaridacris laruei (Lamont, 1921) Hunter, 1927 

Synonym: Glaridacris intermedius Lyster, 1940 



Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′ 

Isoglaridacris bulbocirrus Mackiewicz, 1965 

Synonym: None 



Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′ 

Monobothrium hunteri Mackiewicz, 1963 

Synonym: Glaridacris catosomi of Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim) 



Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′ 

88






Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Warren 1952; cdnp; 2%; minp; Sucker River area, Minnesota; llnk 

Salvelinus namaycush: Cooper 1919; 1900; pnp; minp; Shoal Island, Wisconsin; llnk 

Salvelinus namaycush: Cooper 1919; 1900; pnp; minp; Outer Island, Wisconsin; 47°2′6′′/-90°25′51′′ 

Eubothrium rugosum (Batsch, 1786) Nybelin, 1922 

Synonym: None 


Host: Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 72%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 



Host: 

Catostomus catostomus: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 5%; 2; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin; 

46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′ 




Proteocephalus laruei Faust, 1920 



Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 78%; M-H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 83%; H; lns; Ontario 


Proteocephalus laruei Faust, 1920 and Proteocephalus exiguus La Rue, 1911 

Synonym: Ichthyotaenia laruei (Faust, 1920) for P. laruei 


Host: Coregonus artedi: Hoff et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 98%; 97*; Basswood Island; 46°51′0′′/- 

90°44′46′′; Oak Island; 46°56′13′′/-90°43′41′′; Outer Island; 47°2′6′′/-90°25′51′′; Port Wing; 46°46′28′′/- 

91°23′11′′; Sand Island; 46°58′44′′/-90°56′54′′; Wisconsin; 100%; 98*; Knife River, Minnesota; 

45°54′28′′/-93°17′54′′ 

Remarks: Hoff et al. (1997) only reported mixed infection values. 

Proteocephalus parallacticus MacLulich, 1943 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 41%; 23; 

Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Carp River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; and 

Harlow Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 38%; 5; Huron River; 46°54′35′′/-88°2′12′′; Baraga 

County; Harlow Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 40%; 2; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County, 

Michigan 

Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 38%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969; 1975; 29%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Proteocephalus pinguis La Rue, 1911 

Synonym: None 


Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 85%; M-H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

91


Proteocephalus salvelini Linton, 1898 

Synonym: Taenia salvelini Linton 1898 


Host: 

Salvelinus namaycush: La Rue 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; Outer Island, Wisconsin; 47°2′6′′/-91°23′11′′ 

Salvelinus namaycush: Linton 1898; 1889; pnp; minp; Outer Island, Wisconsin; 47°2′6′′/-90°25′51′′ 



Host: Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: Triaenophorus robustus Olsson, 1893; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus morpha megadentatus 


Cooper, 1919 


Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 69%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 77%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Bothriocephalus sp. 


Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 38%; minp; Douglas County, S10, Wisconsin; 46°25′59′′/- 

91°54′0′′ 

Pungitius pungitius: Fischthal 1952; 43%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin 

92



Diphyllobothrium ditremum (Creplin, 1825) Luhe, 1910 

Synonym: Diphyllobothrium osmeri (von Linstow, 1878) 

Site of Infection: Intestinal wall, stomach wall 

Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 22%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; November-December 1975 and 1976; pnp; 13-38 for total 

viscera; 6-17 for stomach in 1973-1975; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′ 

Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; pnp; 22 for total viscera; 11 for stomach in 1975-1976; Apostle 

Islands, Wisconsin 

Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; pnp; 8 for total viscera; 11 for stomach; Grand Portage, 

Minnesota; 47°57′49′′/-89°41′5′′ 

Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; pnp; 18 for total viscera; 8 for stomach; Keweenaw Bay, 

Michigan; 48°51′57′′/-88°25′18′′ 

Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; pnp; 11 for total viscera; 10 for stomach; Thunder Bay, 

Ontario; 48°28′0′′/-89°0′0′′ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 30%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Carp River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; Harlow 

Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 100%; 15; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County; 

Huron River, Baraga County; Harlow Creek, Marquette County; 46°54′35′′/-88°2′12′′; Michigan 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 80%; 12; Laughing Whitefish River; Alger County, 

Michigan 

Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 25%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Gmelin, 1790 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Body cavity 

Host: 


Pungitius pungitius: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 100%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′ 


Sparganum pseudosegmentatum 

Synonym: ?Diphyllobothrium sp. 

Site of Infection: Stomach wall, among intestinal ceca 

Host: Lota lota: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk; Sutton 1969; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Remarks: Mongrain (1967) reared larvae of Sparganum pseudosegmentatum in hamsters and identified 

adults belonging to the genus Diphyllobothrium. 

94






Host: 






Host: 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Site of Infection: Dorsal muscle tissue close to skin 

Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Cooper 1919; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Coregonus artedi: Johnson 1946; November-December 1946;




Synonym: None 


Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991 and 1992; 5%;


Truttaedacnitis clitellarius (Ward and Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974 

Synonym: Cucullanus clitellarius Ward and Magath, 1916 


Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; M; 67%; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: Cystidicola canadensis Skinker, 1930; Cystidicola stigmatura of Skinker 1931 not (Leidy, 

1886); Cystidicola stigmatura of Ko and Anderson 1969 not (Leidy, 1886) 


Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 47%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Lankester and Smith 1980; 1973-1978; 95%; 26; north shore east from Thunder Bay; 

48°28′0′′/-89°0′0′′; Wawa, Ontario; 48°0′0′′/-84°46′59′′ 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 69%; H; lns; Ontario 

Coregonus artedi: Dextrase 1987; cdnp; 64%; 39; Thunder Bay; 48°28′0′′/-89°0′0′′; Black Bay, Ontario; 

48°40′0′′/-88°30′0′′ 

Coregonus artedi: Hoff et al. 1997; 1994-1996; 26%; 3*; Basswood Island; 46°51′0′′/-91°23′11′′; Oak 

Island; 46°56′13′′/-90°43′41′′; Outer Island; 47°2′6′′/-90°25′51′′; Port Wing; 46°46′28′′/-91°23′11′′; Sand 

Island; 46°58′44′′/-90°56′54′′; Wisconsin; 100%; 54; Knife River, Minnesota; 45°54′28′′/-93°17′54′′ 

Coregonus artedi: Lankester and Smith 1980; 61%; 52; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario; 48°40′0′′/- 

88°30′0′′ 

Coregonus artedi: Smith 1978; 1973-1978; 60%; minp?; Thunder Bay; 48°28′0′′/-89°0′0′′; Black Bay, 

Ontario; 48°40′0′′/-88°30′0′′ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dextrase 1987; 43%; 1; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Lankester and Smith 1980; 58%; 16; north shore east from Thunder Bay to 

Wawa, Ontario; Black Bay 


Coregonus hoyi: Lankester and Smith 1980; 98%; 223; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario 

Coregonus hoyi: Smith 1978; 98%; minp?; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 83%; M; lns; Ontario 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dextrase 1987; 100%; 54; Blind Creek; llnk; Thunder Bay, Ontario 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Lankester and Smith 1980; 97%; 132; north shore east from Thunder Bay to 

Wawa, Ontario 


Laughing Whitefish River; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Alger County; Huron River; 46°54′35′′/-88°2′12′′; Baraga 

County; Carp River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; Harlow Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 71%; M; lns; Ontario 

98


Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dextrase 1987; 100%; 116; rivers of north shore from Thunder Bay to Terrace Bay; 

48°46′59′′/87°6′0′′ Ontario 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Lankester and Smith 1980; 92%; 198; north shore east from Thunder Bay to Wawa, 

Ontario 


Huron River, Baraga County; Harlow Creek, Marquette County, Michigan 


Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dextrase 1987; 63%; 37; rivers of north shore from Thunder Bay to Terrace Bay, 

Black Bay, Ontario 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Lankester and Smith 1980; 81%; 89; north shore east from Thunder Bay to Wawa, 

Ontario 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Smith 1978; 71%; minp?; north shore east to Thunder Bay to Wawa; 48°0′0′′/- 

84°46′59′′; Ontario 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Dextrase 1987; 100%; 14; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Lankester and Smith 1980; 100%; 34; north shore east from Thunder Bay to 

Wawa, Ontario 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 40%; 453; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger 

County, Michigan 

Prosopium coulteri: Dextrase 1987; 20%; 1; Keweena Bay; 48°51′57′′/-88°25′18′′; and Quebec Harbor, 

Ontario; llnk 


Prosopium cylindraceum: Dextrase 1987; 25%; 7; Keweena Bay and Quebec Harbor, Ontario 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Lankester and Smith 1980; 53%; 16; north shore east from Thunder Bay to 

Wawa, Ontario 

Salmo trutta: Lankester and Smith 1980; 12%; 1; Brule River; 45°57′11′′/-88°11′46′′; Wisconsin; Brule 

River; 47°48′59′′/-90°3′0′′; Minnesota 

Savelinus fontinalis: Lankester and Smith 1980; 39%; 3; north shore east from Thunder Bay to Wawa, 

Ontario 

Salvelinus namaycush: Dextrase 1987; 100%; 9; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario 

Salvelinus namaycush: Lankester and Smith 1980; 72%; 12; Thunder Bay 






Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 100%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′ 

Osmerus mordax: Nordlie 1960; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Coregonus alpenae: Klick 1946; 1946; 92%; minp; Bayfield; 46°32′59′′/-91°9′0′′; Cornucopia; 46°51′13′′/- 

91°6′6′′; Wisconsin 

Coregonus artedi: Klick 1946; 8%; minp; Bayfield and Cornucopia, Wisconsin 

99


Coregonus artedi: Warren 1952; cdnp; 72%; minp; north shore; Sucker River area, Minnesota; llnk 

Salvelinus namaycush: Black 1983; 1894; 27%; minp; southeast Lake Michigan; llnk; northern Lake 

Michigan; llnk 

Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 75%; M-H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Salvelinus namaycush: Leidy 1886; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Salvelinus namaycush: Wright 1879; cdnp; could not obtain original article; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Remarks: Black (1983) reported that Cystidicola stigmatura is apparently absent from the Great Lakes 

since 1925; the above reports of Cystidicola stigmatura in Osmerus mordax and Coregonus spp. are 

probably erroneous since Black (1983) reported that Salvelinus spp. are the known hosts for it in North 

America. 



Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Johnson 1946; November-December 1946;


Cystidicoloides sp. 

Site of Infection: [Stomach] 

Host: Coregonus artedi: Hoff et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 1%;


Philonema oncorhynchi Kuitunen-Ekbaum, 1933 

Synonym: Philonema salvelini Richardson, 1936 


Host: Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 28%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Remarks: This is the second report of Philonema infecting a fish from a Great Lake; the first report is 

Bangham (1972) in Lake Erie. 


Synonym: Haplonematidae Sudarikov and Ryzhikov, 1952 


Synonym: None 


Host: Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 59%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Rhabdochona canadensis Moravec and Arai, 1971 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 3%; 2; Laughing 

Whitefish River, Alger County; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Carp River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; Harlow Creek; 

46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 13%; 5; Harlow Creek, Marquette County, Michigan); 

Rhabdochona cotti Gustafson, 1949 

Synonym: None 


Host: Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 50%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Rhabdochona decaturensis Gustafson, 1949 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 36%; lns; Ontario; llnk 


102



Synonym: Rhabdochona laurentiana Lyster, 1940; Rhabdochona fortunatowi of Kussat, 1969; 




Rhabdochona sp. 


Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 23%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 






Host: Pungitius pungitius: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 14%; minp; Douglas County; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′; 

Wisconsin 

Remark: Separating larval Contracaecum and larval Hysterothylacium is difficult. 

Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath, 1916 

Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934; Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis 

and Arthur, 1979 



Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) Ralliet and Henry, 1915 



mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel., 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata 

(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder, 

1800; Ascaris dentata (Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci 

rutili Diesing, 1851; Trichina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola 

Linstow; Ascaris gracillima Linstow, 1890; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924; Hysterothylacium cayugensis 

Wigdor, 1918; Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis, 

1928; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris gracillima 




103


Host 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 32%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 63%; M; lns; Ontario 



Synonym: None 


Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: See above for Cystidicola farionis 


Host: Osmerus mordax: Dextrase 1987; cdnp; 75%, 4; rivers of north shore from Thunder Bay; 48°28′0′′/- 

89°0′0′′; Terrace Bay; 48°46′59′′/-87°6′0′′; Ontario 

Gnathostomatidae Lane, 1923 

Spiroxys sp. 


Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Quimperidae Baylis, 1930 


Haplonema sp. 


Host: Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 25%; 1; 

Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Harlow Creek, Marquette County, 

46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Michigan 




Synonym: Echinorhynchus dirus Van Cleave, 1931; Acanthocephalus jacksoni Bullock, 1962, 

Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin 1975, 1977 


104


Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario 


Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 67%; M; lns; Ontario 


Cottus bairdi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario 


Echinorhynchus lateralis (Leidy, 1851) Golvan, 1969 

Synonym: Acanthocephalus lateralis (Leidy, 1851) Petrochenko, 1956; Metechinorhynchus lateralis 

(Leidy, 1851) Golvan, 1969 


Host: 

Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 67%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Coregonus artedi: Hoff et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 46%; 1*; Knife River, Minnesota; 45°54′28′′/- 

93°17′54′′ 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 57%; L; lns; Ontario 



Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 63%; M-H; lns; Ontario 

Echinorhynchus salmonis (Muller, 1784) Petrochenko, 1956 



Metechinorhynchus alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis (Muller, 1784) Petrochenko, 1956 


Host: 

Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 100%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Catostomus catostomus: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 34%; 3; Apostle Islands; 

46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin 

Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; 52%; 16; Apostle Islands; Wisconsin 





Coregonus artedi: Warren 1952; cdnp; 30%; minp; north shore, Sucker River area, Minnesota; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 87%; M-H; lns; Ontario 

Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 26%; M-H; lns; Ontario 


Laughing Whitefish River; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Alger County, Huron River; 46°54′35′′/-88°2′12′′; Baraga 

County, Carp River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; Harlow Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 57%; M; lns; Ontario 


Huron River, Baraga County, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 100%; 343; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger 



Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 60%; H; lns; Ontario 


Cottus bairdi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 27%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario 


Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 53%; L; lns; Ontario 

Echinorhynchus sp. 


Host: Osmerus mordax: Nordlie 1960; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk) 

Echinorhynchidae 

Unidentified acanthocephalans (spiny-headed worm) 

Synonym: None 


Host: Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Nicolette and Spangler 1986; 1981 and 1982; 97%; minp, Cross River; 

48°20′25′′/-93°29′20′′; Cascade River; 47°42′24′′/-90°31′21′′; Minnesota 




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 25%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin 

106


Catostomus commersonii: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 80%; minp; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′; Wisconsin 




Neoechinorhynchus tumidus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 17%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 30%; L; lns; Ontario 

Neoechinorhychus sp. 


Host: Osmerus mordax: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 8%; minp; Douglas County; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′; 

Wisconsin 




Host: 


46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin 




Synonym: None 


Host: 



Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 8%; M; lns; Ontario 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 60%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 34%; 5; Apostle Islands; 

46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin 


Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario 


108






Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 54%; minp; Douglas County; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′; Wisconsin 

Pungitius pungitius: Fischthal 1952; 29%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 100%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: 


Whitefish River, Alger County, Michigan; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′ 


Harlow Creek, Marquette County, Michigan; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′ 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 80%; 9; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County, 

Michigan 


Synonym: Hebosomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebosomatidae Yamaguti, 1963 


Synonym: None 


Host: 


Whitefish River, Alger County, Michigan; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′ 

Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 13%; 1; Harlow Creek, Marquette County, Michigan; 

46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′ 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 60%; minp; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger 


109




Host: Catostomus commersonii: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 20%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin; 

46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′ 



Synonym: None 


Host: Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 41%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 74%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Actinobdella inequiannulata Moore, 1901 

Synonym: Actinobdella triannulata Moore, 1924; Actinobdella triannulata Daniels and Freeman, 1976 

Site of Infection: Gill chambers 

Host: 




Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851 

Synonym: Cystobranchus virginicus Paperna and Zwerner, 1974; Ichthyobdella funduli Verrill, 1872; 

Ichthyobdella rapax Wass, 1972; Ichthyobdella richardsoni Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella alba Meyer, 1940; 

Illinobdella elongata Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella moorei Meyer, 1940; Myzobdella alba Meyer, 1940; 

Myzobdella lugubris Pearse, 1948; Myzobdella moorei (Meyer, 1940) Meyer and Moore, 1954 


Host: 

Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 53%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


110





Host: Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Host: 

Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Not provided: Verrill 1871; cdnp; pnp; minp; Slate Islands; llnk 

Remarks: The report of Piscicola punctata by Verrill (1871) is included here because it has been found on 

fish. 






Host: 

Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 47%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 54%; L-M; lns; Ontario 


caution. 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 37%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario 

Remarks: Dechtiar and Lawrie (1988) reported that E. centrarchidarum was found in the intestine of M. 

dolomieu. 

111


Ergasilus cotti Kellicott, 1879 

Synonym: None 


Host: Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 60%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 58%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 87%; L-M; lns; Ontario 


Synonym: Ergasilus caeruleus of Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim); Ergasilus sp. of Bangham and 



Host: 


46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin 


Percopsis omiscomaycush: “Common”; D.R. Sutherland (unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993 

Pungitius pungitius: “Common”; D.R. Sutherland (unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993 

Pungitius pungitius: Hudson et al. 1994; 32%; minp; fish collected before 1960; Apostle Islands, 

46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin; fish specimens examined were archived at the National Biological 

Survey, Great Lakes Center and the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 

Cottus cognatus: “Common”; D.R. Sutherland (unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993 

Ergasilus sp. 


Host: 








Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 16%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Kessler, 1868; Lernaeopoda maraenae Olsson, 1877; Salmincola wisconsinensis Tidd and Bangham, 1945 


Host: Coregonus artedi: Warren 1952; cdnp; 7%; minp; north shore, Sucker River area, Minnesota; llnk 


Synonym: Achtheres corpulentus Kellicott, 1880; Salmincola corpulentus (Kellicott, 1880); Lernaeopoda 




Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 17%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Salmincola siscowet (Smith, 1874) Wilson, 1915 

Synonym: None 


Host: Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 18%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Site of Infection: [Body, fins] 

Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; November-December 1975 and 1976; 27-50% in 1973-1975; 

minp; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′ 

Coregonis artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; 40% in 1975-1976; minp; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin 

Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; 44%; minp; Grand Portage, Minnesota; 47°57′49′′/-89°41′5′′ 

Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; 44%; minp; Keweenaw Bay, Michigan; 48°51′57′′/-88°25′18′′ 

Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; 24%; minp; Thunder Bay, Ontario; 48°28′0′′/-89°0′0′′ 

Mollusca (Molluscs) 

Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820 

Unidentified glochidia 

Synonym: ? 


Host: 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988, 1969-1975, 38%, L, lns, Ontario, llnk 

Pungitius pungitius: Fischthal 1952, 1946, 14%, minp, Douglas County, Wisconsin, 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988, 13%, M, lns, Ontario 

114

Table 9. Fishes by family from Lake Superior from which parasites were reported during 1871- 

2010 using parasite data from Table 8. References in parentheses following parasites refer to 

references for host records. 

Acipenseridae 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum lintoni, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Skrjabinopsolus manteri, (Dechtiar 

and Lawrie 1988). 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Monogenea: Diclybothrium armatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar 

and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus lateralis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis, 

(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Clupeidae 


Larval Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Cyprinidae 

Luxilus cornutus (common shiner) 

Myxozoa: Thelohanellus notatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum 

spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Tylodelphys scheuringi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus cornutus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Octomacrum microconfibula, (Dechtiar 


Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus algonquinensis, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus burti, (Cone et al. 2004, Cone and 

Marcogliese 2010); Myxobolus grandis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Thelohanellus notatus, (Cone et al. 

2004); Zschokkella sp., (Cone et al. 2004) 

Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988) 

115


Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Centrovarium lobotes, 

(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum 

spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Fischthal 1952); Neascus sp., (Fischthal 

1952); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Fischthal 1952); Ichthyocotylurus sp., 


Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus 

rutili, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 


Myxozoa: Thelohanellus notatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 


Monogenea: Dactylogyrus bifurcatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Rhinichthys cataractae (longnose dace) 

Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Posthodiplostomum 

minimum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Gyrodactylus dechtiari, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona canadensis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Catostomidae 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Plagiocirrus sp., (Hogue et al. 1993); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); 

Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, 


Monogenea: Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Pellucidhaptor catostomi, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988); Octomacrum lanceatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993); 

Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993); Cyathocephalus 

truncatus, (Hogue et al. 1993); Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

116


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis, 

(Hogue et al. 1993); Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993); 

Octospinifer macilentus, (Hogue et al. 1993); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannulata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum sp., 

(Fischthal 1952); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Monogenea: Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Octomacrum lanceatum, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Anonchohaptor anomalus, 

(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Anonchohaptor sp., (Hogue et al. 1993); Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, 


Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Hogue et al. 1993); Glaridacris laruei, (Hogue et al. 1993); 

Isoglaridacris bulbocirrus, (Hogue et al. 1993); Monobothrium hunteri, (Hogue et al. 1993); 

Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Hogue et al. 1993) 

Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catostomi, (Hogue et al. 1993); Philometroides nodulosa, (Hogue et al. 1993) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Hogue et al. 1993); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Hogue et 

al. 1993); Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Fischthal 1952; Hogue et al. 1993); Neoechinorhynchus cristatus, 

(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Octospinifer macilentus, (Hogue et al. 1993); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, 

(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Fischthal 1952) 

Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannulata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Hogue et al. 1993) 

Ictaluridae 


Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Monogenea: Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Lyrodiscus rupestris, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 

1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

117


Esocidae 


Monogenea: Tetraonchus monenteron, (Dechtiar 1972b; Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Triaenophorus crassus, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium latum, (Warthin 1912) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Spinitectus carolini, 


Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, 


Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Osmeridae 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum sp., 

(Fischthal 1952) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Fischthal 1952) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Lankester and Smith 1980); Cystidicola 

stigmatura, (Fischthal 1952; Nordlie 1960) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dextrase 1987) 


(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus sp., (Nordlie 1960); Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Fischthal 

1952); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Fischthal 1952) 

Salmonidae 

Coregonus alpenae (longjaw chub/cisco) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus sp., (Klick 1946) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Klick 1946) 


Myxozoa: Chloromyxum sp., (Hoff et al. 1997); Hennuguya zschokkei, (Hoff et al. 1997); Hennuguya sp., 

(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hoff et al. 1997) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Warren 1952) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Hoff et al. 1997); Diplostomum spathaceum, 

(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Hoff et al. 1997); Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Hoff et al. 1997) 

Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hoff et al. 1997) 

118


Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Warren 1952); Eubothrium salvelini, (Hoff et al. 1997); 

Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Hoff et al. 1997); Proteocephalus exiguus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Warren 

1952); Proteocephalus laruei, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Protoecephalus laruei and Proteocephalus 

exiguus mixed infection, (Hoff et al. 1997) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium ditremum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hoff et al. 1997); 

Diphyllobothrium laruei, (Sutton 1969; Vergeer 1942); Diphyllobothrium oblongatum, (Warren 1952); 

Diphyllobothrium sp., (Swanson and Pratt 1977); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Hoff et al. 1997); 

Triaenophorus crassus, (Hoffman 1941; Johnson 1946; Klick 1946; Warren 1952; Dechtiar and Lawrie 

1988); Triaenophorus sp., (Cooper 1919; Johnson 1946; Swanson and Pratt 1977) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Dextrase 1987; Hoff et al. 1997; 

Lankester and Smith 1980; Smith 1978); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Klick 1946; Warren 1952); Cystidicola 

sp., (Johnson 1946; Swanson and Pratt 1977); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 

1988); Cystidicoloides sp., (Hoff et al. 1997) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus lateralis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hoff et al. 1997); 

Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hoff et al. 1997; Warren 1952); Neoechinorhynchus 

crassus, (Hoff et al. 1997); Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Warren 1952) 

Copepoda: Salmincola extensus, (Warren 1952); Salmincola extumescens, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hoff 

et al. 1997); Salmincola inermis, (Warren 1952); Salmincola sp., (Swanson and Pratt 1977); Ergasilus sp., 

(Hoff et al. 1997) 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Phyllodistomum coregoni, (Dechtiar 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Linton 1898); Proteocephalus 

exiguus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Triaenophorus crassus, 

(Hoffman 1941) 

Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Cystidicola farionis, (Dextrase 1987; 

Lankester and Smith 1980); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus 

tumidus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 


Myxozoa: Hennuguya sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 


Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium ditremum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Lankester and Smith 1980; Smith 1978) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Copepoda: Salmincola extumescens, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

119


Coregonus kiyi (kiyi) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium laruei, (Vergeer 1942) 

Coregonus zenithecus (shortjaw cisco) 


Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (pink salmon) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall and 

Peebles 1986); Proteocephalus parallacticus, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Triaenophorus nodulosus, 


Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988; Dextrase 1987; Lankester and Smith 1980; Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicoloides 

ephemeridarum, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Spinitectus gracilis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Philonema 

oncorhynchi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Rhabdochona canadensis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Muzzall and Peebles 1986); 

unidentified Echinorhynchidae, (Nicolette and Spangler 1986) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, 

(Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 



Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 

Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988; Dextrase 1987; Lankester and Smith 1980; Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicoloides 

ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Spinitectus gracilis, (Muzzall and 

Peebles 1986); Rhabdochona canadensis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Haplonema sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 


(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988, Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 



120



Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus 

erraticus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988; Dextrase 1987; Lankester and Smith 1980; Smith 1978) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus lateralis, 



Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus parallacticus, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 


Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicola farionis, (Dextrase 1987; 

Lankester and Smith 1980; Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Spinitectus gracilis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 



Prosopium coulteri (pygmy whitefish) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dextrase 1987) 

Prosopium cylindraceum (round whitefish) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus 

erraticus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Tetraonchus variabilis, (Dechtiar 1972b; 

Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 


Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988; Dextrase 1987; Lankester and Smith 1980); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 



Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Copepoda: Salmincola extumescens, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 


Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Lankester and Smith 1980) 

Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout) 


Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

121


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Cystidicola farionis, 

(Lankester and Smith 1980) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 




Adult Cestoda: Dibothrium infundibuliforme (Bothriocephalus? or Eubothrium?); (Linton 1898); 

Eubothrium crassum, (Cooper 1919); Eubothrium salvelini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Proteocephalus 

parallacticus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Proteocephalus salvelini, (La Rue 1914; Linton 1898) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Triaenophorus crassus, 


Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dextrase 1987; Lankester and Smith 1980); Cystidicola stigmatura, 

(Wright 1879; Black 1983; Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Leidy 1886); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, 




Copepoda: Salmincola siscowet, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Percopsidae 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum isostomum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., 


Monogenea: Urocleidus baldwini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Rhabdochona sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 

1988) 


(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ergasilus nerkae, D.R. Sutherland, 

(unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993 

Gadidae 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 



122


Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium rugosum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium latum, (Warthin 1912); Sparganum pseudosegmentatum, 

(Mongrain 1967; Sutton 1969; Vergeer 1942) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Haplonema hamulatum, 


Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Copepoda: Salmincola lotae, (Lasee et al. 1988) 



Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Fischthal 1952); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Fischthal 1952) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Fischthal 1952) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Fischthal 1952) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum sp., (Fischthal 1952) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Fischthal 1952) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Fischthal 1952) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, D.R. Sutherland (unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993; Hudson et al. 1994 

Cottidae 




Monogenea: Gyrodactylus bairdi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cotti, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 



Copepoda: Ergasilus cotti, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 


Mastigophora: Trypanosoma sp. II, (Pronina et al. 1999); Trypanosoma sp. III, (Pronina et al. 1999) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, D.R. Sutherland (unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993 

Cottus ricei (spoonhead sculpin) 

Mastigophora: Trypanosoma sp. I, (Pronina et al. 1999); Trypanosoma sp. II, (Pronina et al. 1999) 

123


Centrarchidae 


Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Proterometra macrostoma, 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Posthodiplostomum 

minimum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus 

sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus alatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Lyrodiscus rupestris, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 

1988); Tetracleidus stentor, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Pomphorhynchus 

bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Copepoda: Achtheres pimelodi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988) 


Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus ferox, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Tetracleidus banghami, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 

1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Percidae 

Gymnocephalus cernuus (ruffe) 

Mastigophora: Trypanosoma acerinae, (Pronin et al. 1998) 

Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Pronin et al. 1998); Scyphidia sp., (Pronin et al. 1998); 

Tetrahymena sp., (Pronin et al. 1998) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Pronin et al. 1998) 

Adult Digenea: Bunodera sacculata, (Pronin et al. 1998); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Pronin et al. 1998); 

Bucephalus elegans, (Pronin et al. 1998); Acanthostomum sp., (Pronin et al. 1998) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus elegans, (Pronin et al. 1998); Clinostomum complanatum, (Pronin et 

al. 1998); Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, (Pronin et al. 1998); Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, (Pronin et al. 1998); 

Neascus brevicaudatus, (Pronin et al. 1998); Diplostomum sp., (Pronin et al. 1998) 

124


Monogenea: Dactylogyrus amphibothrium, (Cone et al. 1994; Pronin et al. 1998); Dactylogyrus 

hemiaphibothrium, (Pronin et al. 1998) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Pronin et al. 1998); Proteocephalus sp., (Pronin et al. 1998) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Pronin et al. 1998); Spinitectus gracilis, (Pronin et al. 1998) 


Ciliophora: Trichodina urinaria, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988). 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Phyllodistomum superbum, 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Apophallus brevis, 

(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus adspectus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pearsei, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Spinitectus carolini, (Dechtiar and 

Lawrie 1988); Rhabdochona ovifilamenta, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Raphidascaris 

acus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 



Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Sander vitreus (walleye) 

Adult Digenea: Sanguinicola occidentalis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus aculeatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus 

tenellus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988) 

Unknown Fish Family 

Unspecified fish species 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium latum, (Nickerson 1906) 

Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Verrill 1871) 

125


group reported in five fish families from Lake Superior during 1871-2010. Parasite group 

abbreviations are Ma (Mastigophora), Ci (Ciliophora), My (Myxozoa), Dt (Digenea), Mo 


(Copepoda), and Mol (Mollusca). If a parasite in a group did not infect fish, the parasite group 

was not included in the table. 


Fish family Ma Ci My Dt Mo Ce Ne Ac Hi Co Mol Total 

Cyprinidae 0 0 5 

(17) 

10 

(34) 

Catostomidae 0 0 1 (3) 7 

(22) 

Centrarchidae 0 1 (4) 0 7 

(29) 

Percidae 1 (2) 4 

(10) 

1 (2) 14 

(37) 

Salmonidae 0 0 2 (4) 5 

(11) 

5 

(17) 

6 

(19) 

5 

(21) 

4 

(10) 

126 

2 (7) 3 

(10) 

7 

(22) 

2 (4) 13 

(29) 

1 (4) 4 

(17) 

3 (8) 7 

(18) 

3 

(10) 

2 (6) 6 

(19) 

9 

(20) 

3 

(13) 

0 1 (3) 0 29 

1 (3) 2 (6) 0 32 

1 (4) 2 (8) 0 24 

3 (8) 0 1 (2) 1 (2) 39 

8 

(18) 

1 (2) 5 

(11) 

0 45 

Table 11. Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity based on presence of parasites 

between five fish families from Lake Superior, 1871-2010. 


Cyprinidae 1.0000 0.0740 0.0882 0.0888 

Catostomidae 0.0740 1.0000 0.0810 0.0377 

Salmonidae 0.0882 0.0810 1.0000 0.0923 


Percidae 0.0500 0.0615 0.0759 0.0344


ST. MARYS RIVER 

Results 

Only six studies (Osborn 1903; Osborn 1910; Muzzall 1984; Muzzall and Peebles 1987; Litvinov 

et al. 2004; Amin and Muzzall 2009) were found that reported on the parasites of fish from the St. 

Marys River. These studies indentified 39 parasite species (3 Ciliophora, 7 adult Digenea, 5 

larval/immature Digenea, 1 Monogenea, 7 adult Cestoda, 2 larval/immature Cestoda, 6 adult 

Nematoda, 3 larval/immature Nematoda, 4 adult Acanthocephala, 1 Copepoda) in the 26 fish 

species from 13 families that were examined (Table 12). Myxozoans, microsporans, 

aspidobothreans, leeches, copepods, and molluscs have not been reported. 

Protozoans, Digenetic Trematodes, Monogeneans, and Cestodes 

Three genera of ciliates (Epistylis, Trichodina, Capriniana) infecting only Notropis atherinoides, 

seven species of adult digenetic trematodes, and eight species of larval/immature digenetic 

trematodes were reported. Adults of the trematode, Centrovarium lobotes infected six fish 

species. Other parasites reported were one species of monogenean, Gyrodactylus sp., and seven 

species of adult cestodes (4 species of Proteocephalidae). Many of these parasite species are hostspecific. 

At least five species of immature cestodes were found in the intestine with one species, 

Proteocephalus sp., occurring in seven fish species. 

Nematodes and Acanthocephalans 

Six species of adult nematodes in five families and five species of immature nematodes were 

found in the digestive tract of fish hosts. Adults of Hysterothylacium brachyurum and immature 

individuals of Camallanus oxycephalus infected four and five fish species, respectively. Four 

species of adult acanthocephalans were found, with Echinorhynchus salmonis and 

Neoechinorhynchus tenellus infecting eight and five fish species, respectively. Immature 

individuals of N. tenellus, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, and Leptorhynchoides thecatus occurred 

in the digestive tract. 

Specific parasite species or genera found in individuals of two or more fish families (in 

parentheses) were adult digenetic trematodes (Crepidostomum cooperi (2), Centrovarium lobotes 

(3), Cryptogonimus chili (2)), larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Azygia sp. (2)), 

larval/immature cestodes (Bothriocephalus claviceps (2)), adult nematodes (Hysterothylacium 

brachyurum (3), Camallanus oxycephalus (2), Dichelyne cotylophora (2), Spinitectus carolini 

(2)), larval/immature nematodes (C. oxycephalus (2)), adult acanthocephalans (Echinorhynchus 

salmonis (5), Neoechinorhynchus tenellus (3), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (2), Leptorhynchoides 

thecatus (2)), and immature acanthocephalans (P. bulbocolli (3)). These 13 helminth species 

make up 35% of all parasites reported from fish in this river. 

127

Fish Species—Parasite Analysis 

Twenty-six species of fish in 13 families were examined for parasites from the St. Marys River 

with 3 species in the Cyprinidae, 4 species in the Salmonidae, and 5 species each in the 

Centrarchidae and Percidae (Table 13). Micropterus dolomieu was the most-studied species (4 

studies), followed by Esox lucius, Ambloplites rupestris, Perca flavescens, and Sander vitreus (2 

studies each), with the remaining species studied only once. Perca flavescens and M. dolomieu 

harbored 14 and 10 parasite species, respectively, and all of these were autogenic species. Ten 

and nine of the helminth species infecting P. flavescens and M. dolomieu were represented by 

adults, respectively. In contrast, nine helminth species in Notropis atherinoides were 

larval/immature individuals. 

Discussion 

There is no encompassing study documenting all the fish species in the St. Marys River. 

However, based on the fish species listed by Fielder et al. (2007) as occurring in this river, fishes 

that have not had information published on their parasites include Petromyzon marinus, 

Lepisosteus osseus, Alosa pseudoharengus, Dorosoma cepedianum, Cyprinus carpio, Coregonus 

hoyi, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. kisutch, Salmo salar, S. trutta, Salvelinus fontinalis, S. 

namaycush, S. fontinalis x S. namaycush, Catostomus catostomus, Hypentelium nigricans, 

Moxostoma spp., Micropterus salmoides, Pomoxis annularis, P. nigromaculatus, Lota lota, 

Ictalurus punctatus, Aplodinotus grunniens, Esox masquinongy, and Morone chrysops. This list is 

not inclusive because the number of cyprinid species present in this river is unknown. 

The St. Marys River is the connecting water between Lake Superior and Lake Huron, but 

comparing the St. Marys River fish-parasite fauna to that of Lakes Superior and Huron is 

problematic because of the small number of parasitological studies performed in this river. Albeit, 

most parasite species found infecting fish from the St. Marys River have also been reported from 

fish in Lakes Superior and Huron, except for Neochasmus sp., as well as Haplobothrium 

globuliforme, Proteocephalus perplexus, and Haplonema immutatum from Lake Superior. 

Neochasmus sp., a larval digenetic trematode, was found in the muscle, eye orbit, and gills of 

Notropis atherinoides from the St. Marys River but was not reported for Lakes Superior or 

Huron. The absence of Neochasmus sp. from Lake Superior is not surprising since N. 

atherinoides was not examined from this lake. Notropis atherinoides was examined in two 

different surveys from Lake Huron, but Neochasmus was not reported. Haplobothrium 

globuliforme, P. perplexus, and H. immutatum are host-specific to Amia calva. Amia calva from 

Lake Superior was not examined for parasites, so it is unknown if these three species are truly 

absent. Eleven parasite species were reported from A. calva in Lake Huron, including H. 

globuliforme, P. perplexus, and H. immutatum that infected A. calva from the St. Marys River. 

Also, many parasites found in fish from the St. Marys River and Lakes Superior and Huron were 

identified only to genus and this lack of species identification makes comparisons difficult. 

128

Table 12. Parasites reported in fishes from the St. Mary’s River, 1903-2010. Host documentation, 

in order, consists of references, when observed (cdnp = collection date not provided), prevalence 

defined as the percentage (%) of fish infected (pnp = prevalence not provided), mean intensity 

defined as the mean number of parasites per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided), 

location (lns = location not specified), latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude and longitude not 

known). 


Epistylidae Kahl, 1935 

Epistylis sp. 


Host: Notropis atherinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 3%; minp; Lake Munuscong, 

Michigan; 46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′; June and August 1983; 2%; minp; Raber Bay, Michigan; 46°5′50′′/- 

84°3′48′′) 






84°3′48′′) 

Trichophryidae Fraipont, 1878 

Capriniana sp. 



Michigan; 46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′) 


Allocreadiidae Looss, 1899 Stossich, 1903 

Bunodera luciopercae (Muller, 1776) Luhe, 1909 

Synonym: Bunodera nodulosa Froelich, 1791 


Host: Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 15%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 

129




1932: Crepidostomum fausti Hunninen and Hunter, 1933; Crepidostomum laureatum of Stafford (1904) 


Cooper (1915) 

Site of Infection: Pyloric ceca and anterior intestine 

Host: 

Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 17%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 

Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 25%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 

Crepidostomum cornutum (Osborn, 1903) Stafford, 1904 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Pyloric ceca and anterior intestine 


46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 





Host: 

Amia calva: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 46°17′0′′/- 

84°9′30′′ 

Esox lucius: Muzzall 1984; 12%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 

Ambloplites rupestris: Muzzall 1984; 13%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 

Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; 17%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 


Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; 7%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Micropterus dolomieu: Osborn 1903; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Osborn 1910; cdnp; pnp; minp; between Neebish Island and St Joseph Island, 

Ontario; 46°10′0′′/-83°55′0′′ 

Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 4%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 

Remarks: Species name, chili, is sometimes misspelled chyli. 

130





Synonym: Distomum isoporum var. armatum MacCallum, 1895; Anallocreadium armatum (MacCallum, 

1895); Bunodera armatum (MacCallum, 1895); Anallocreadium pearsei Hunter and Bangham, 1932 


Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, 

Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 

Macroderoidiidae McMullen, 1957 

Glossidium geminum (Mueller, 1930) Yamaguti, 1954 

Synonym: Alloglossidium geminum (Mueller, 1930); Plagiorchis geminum Mueller, 1930 


Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 6%; minp; Neebish Island, 

Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 


Allocreadiidae Looss, 1899 Stossich, 1903 



1932: Crepidostomum fausti Hunninen and Hunter, 1933; Crepidostomum laureatum of Stafford (1904) 



Site of Infection: Anterior intestine 

Host: Etheostoma nigrum: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 33%; minp; Neebish Island, 

Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 


Azygia sp. 

Site of Infection: Stomach 

Host: 

Esox lucius: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 12%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 46°17′0′′/- 

84°9′30′′ 



Centrovarium sp. 


Host: Notropis atherinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 2%; 1; Lake Munuscong, Michigan; 

46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′ 

131



Synonym: None 



46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 

Remarks: Species name, chili, is sometimes misspelled chyli. 

Neochasmus sp. 

Site of Infection: Muscle, eye orbit, gills 


46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′; June and August 1983; 70%; 9; Raber Bay, Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-84°3′48′′ 



Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens, 1832; Diplostomum 

volvens Nordmann, 1833 of Cooper (1915); probably Diplostomum emarginatae Olivier, 1942; 

Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928); Diplostomum indistinctum; Diplostomum gigas 





Site of Infection: Brain 



Neascus sp. 

Site of Infection: integument 

Host: Notropis atherinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; June and August 1983; 2%; 1; Raber Bay, 

Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-84°3′48′′ 

Posthodiplostomum sp. 




132



Gyrodactylidae Cobbold, 1864 

Gyrodactylus sp. 




84°3′48′′ 



Bothriocephalus claviceps: Goeze, 1782) Rudolphi, 1810 

Synonym: None 


Host: Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 79%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 

Haplobothriidae Meggitt, 1924 

Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper, 1914 

Synonym: None 


Host: Amia calva: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 





Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 




Host: Coregonus artedi: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 61%; minp; Neebish Island, 

Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 

Proteocephalus perplexus La Rue, 1911 

Synonym: None 



46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 

133



Synonym: None 


Host: Esox lucius: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 92%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 



Host: Etheostoma nigrum: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 44%; minp; Neebish Island, 

Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 


Triaenophorus stizostedionis Miller, 1945 

Synonym: None 



46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 





Host: 

Notropis atherinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 2%; 1; Lake Munuscong, Michigan; 

46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′ 

Osmerus mordax: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 6%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 

Coregonus artedi: Muzzall 1984; 11%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1984; 100%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 


Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze, 1782) Rudolphi, 1810 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Fundulus diaphanus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 33%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′ 


134







Glaridacris sp. 

Site of Infection: Posterior intestine 

Host: Catostomus commersonii: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 9%; minp; Neebish Island, 

Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 



Site of Infection: Intestine, rectum 

Host: 

Pimephales notatus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 14%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 

Osmerus mordax: Muzzall 1984; 4%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 

Cottus bairdii: Muzzall 1984; 13%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 



Percina caprodes: Muzzall 1984; 25%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 




Synonym: None 



46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 








135


Host: 


84°9′30′ 






Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Rectum 

Host: 

Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 17%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Muzzall 1984; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 







Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 13%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 



Spinitectus carolini Holl, 1928 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 56%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 

Lepomis gibbosus: Muzzall 1984; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 




Synonym: None 



46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 

136



Synonym: Haplonematidae Sudarikov and Ryzikov, 1952 

Haplonema immutatum Moulton, 1931 

Synonym: None 



46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 




Raphidascaris sp. 


Host: Notropis atherinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; June and August 1983; 2%; 1; Raber Bay, 

Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-84°3′48′ 



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 100%; minp; Neebish Island, 

Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 

Percopsis omiscomacush: Muzzall 1984; 11%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 


Sander canadensis: Muzzall 1984; 100%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 



Cucullanus sp. 



46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 



Synonym: None 



Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 

137





46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′ 




Host: Cyprinella spiloptera: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 14%; minp; Neebish Island, 

Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 




Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni, Echinorhynchus pachysomus, Echinorhynchus phoenix, 

Echinorhynchus inflatus, Echinorhynchus maraenae, Echinorhynchus murenae, Metechinorhynchus 

alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis 


Host: 


84°9′30′ 

Osmerus mordax: Muzzall 1984; 75%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 

Coregonus artedi: Muzzall 1984; 10%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1984; 100%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 


Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; 17%; minp, Neebish Island, Michigan 





Host: Oncorhynchus tschawytscha: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 100%; minp; Neebish 

Island, Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 



Neoechinorhynchus tenellus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919 

Synonym: Neorhynchus tenellus Van Cleave, 1913 


138


Host: 

Esox lucius: Amin and Muzzall 2009; 60%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 


84°9′30′ 

Ambloplites rupestris: Amin and Muzzall 2009; 13%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 


Micropterus dolomieu: Amin and Muzzall 2009; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 


Perca flavescens: Amin and Muzzall 2009; 16%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 


Sander vitreus: Amin and Muzzall 2009; 46 %; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Catostomus commersonii: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 9%; minp; Neebish Island, 

Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 






Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 6%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 



Immature Acanthocephala 







46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 

139




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Percopsis omiscomaycush: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 11%; minp; Neebish Island, 

Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 

Lepomis macrochirus: Muzzall 1984; 20%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan 



Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Linton, 1891) 



Host: Esox lucius: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 8%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 

46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′ 


Argulidae Yamaguti, 1963 

Argulus sp. 

Site of Infection: Body surface 

Host: 

Acipenser fulvescens: Litvinov et al. 2004; 2002; 22%; minp; lns; llnk 

Sander vitreus: Litvinov et al. 2004; 2002; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

140

Table 13. Fishes by family from the St. Marys River from which parasites were reported during 

1903-2010 using parasite data in Table 12. References in parentheses following parasites refer to 



Copepoda: Argulus sp., (Litvinov et al. 2004) 

Acipenseridae 

Amiidae 

Amia calva (bowfin) 

Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Cestoda: Haplobothrium globuliforme, (Muzzall 1984); Proteocephalus perplexus, (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Nematoda: Haplonema immutatum, (Muzzall 1984) 

Cyprinidae 

Cyprinella spiloptera (spotfin shiner) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Muzzall 1984) 

Notropis atherinoides (emerald shiner) 

Ciliophora: Epistylis sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Capriniana sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); 

Trichodina sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Centrovarium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Diplostomum spathaceum, 

(Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Diplostomum sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Neascus sp., (Muzzall and 

Peebles 1987); Neochasmus sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Posthodiplostomum sp., (Muzzall and 

Peebles 1987) 

Monogenea: Gyrodactylus sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Bothriocephalus sp., (Muzzall and 

Peebles 1987) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Spinitectus sp., (Muzzall and 

Peebles 1987) 



141


Catostomidae 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Glaridacris sp., (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Muzzall 1984) 

Ictaluridae 


Adult Digenea: Glossidium geminum, (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium sp., (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Nematoda: Dactinoides cotylophora, (Muzzall 1984) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Muzzall 1984) 

Esocidae 



Larval/Immature Digenea: Azygia sp., (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall 1984); Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Amin and 

Muzzall 2009; Muzzall 1984) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Muzzall 1984) 

Osmeridae 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall 1984); Proteocephalus spp., (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall 1984) 

Salmonidae 


Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Muzzall 1984) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall 1984) 


142



Larval Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall 1984) 


Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Chinook salmon) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus sp., (Muzzall 1984) 


Larval Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 1984) 

Percopsidae 


Larval Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 1984) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhychus bulbocolli, (Muzzall 1984) 

Fundulidae 

Fundulus diaphanus (banded killifish) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Muzzall 1984) 

Cottidae 



Centrarchidae 



Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Muzzall 1984) 


Muzzall 2009; Muzzall 1984); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Muzzall 1984); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 

(Muzzall 1984) 


Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Muzzall 1984) 

143


Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) 

Larval/Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Muzzall 1984) 


Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Muzzall 1984); Cryptogonimus chili, (Muzzall 1984; Osborn 1903, 

1910); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Muzzall 1984) 

Larval Cestoda: Proteocephalus spp., (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Muzzall 1984); Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 

1984); Spinitectus carolini, (Muzzall 1984) 


Muzzall 2009; Muzzall 1984); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Muzzall 1984) 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus (black crappie) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 1984) 

Percidae 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1984) 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Muzzall 1984); Crepidostomum cornutum, (Muzzall 1984); 

Centrovarium lobotes, (Muzzall 1984) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Cryptogonimus chili, (Muzzall 1984) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Muzzall 1984); Proteocephalus spp., (Muzzall 

1984) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Muzzall 1984); Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 

1984); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Muzzall 1984); Spinitectus carolini, (Muzzall 1984); Spinitectus gracilis, 

(Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall 1984); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Muzzall 

1984) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Amin and Muzzall 2009; Muzzall 1984) 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus spp., (Muzzall 1984) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 1984) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Muzzall 1984) 

Sander canadensis (sauger) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 1984) 

144



Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Muzzall 1984); Cryptogonimus chili, (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Muzzall 1984); Triaenophorus stizostedionis, (Muzzall 1984) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus spp., (Muzzall 1984) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Muzzall 1984) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cucullanus sp., (Muzzall 1984) 


Muzzall 2009; Muzzall 1984) 

Copepoda: Argulus sp., (Litvinov et al. 2004) 


LAKE HURON 

Results 

Sixty studies have reported on a parasite species infecting one or more fish species from Lake 

Huron during 1914-2010 with most studies done after 1960 (Table 4). A total of 242 parasite 

species (2 Mastigophora, 5 Ciliophora, 16 Myxozoa, 3 Microspora, 41 adult Digenea, 13 

larval/immature Digenea, 69 Monogenea, 23 adult Cestoda, 5 larval/immature Cestoda, 24 adult 

Nematoda, 3 larval/immature Nematoda, 16 adult Acanthocephala, 4 Hirudinea, 17 Copepoda, 1 

Mollusca) have been reported from Lake Huron fish (Tables 2 and 14). Although Bucephalus sp., 

Centrovarium lobotes, Eubothrium salvelini, Bothriocephalus sp., Cyathocephalus truncatus, 

Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. pearsei, Proteocephalus sp., Triaenophorus crassus, T. 

nodulosus, Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus oxycephalus, 

Capillaria salvelini, Cystidicola sp., Spinitectus gracilis, Philometra sp., Haplonema hamulatum, 

Rhabdochona sp., Echinorhynchus salmonis, Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, Pomphorhynchus 

bulbocolli, and Leptorhynchoides thecatus were represented in both adult and larval/immature 

groups, they are listed in the adult category and only counted once. 

Protozoans 

Two species of mastigophorans (Trypanoplasma borreli and T. catostomi) have been reported 

from one fish species (Catostomus commersonii) from Lake Huron. Five species of ciliates 

(Epistylis sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina urinaria, Trichodina sp., Capriniana sp.) 

were reported in four families of fish. These ciliates occurred on the gills, fins, and skin except 

for Trichodina urinaria (ureters). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infected six fish species. 

145

Sixteen species of myxozoans representing two families have been documented. Ten species are 

in the genus Myxobolus and three species are in the genus Henneguya. Most species are hostspecific 

to one fish species or family. Unidentified myxosporans were found in eight fish species. 

Three species of microsporans (Glugea anomala, Glugea cepedianae, Pleistophora sp.) have 

been reported with each host-specific to a fish species or family. All myxozoans and 

microsporans occurred in non-intestinal sites. 


At least 41 species of adult digenetic trematodes in 12 families were found. Nine species are in 

the Allocreadiidae and five of these were in the genus Crepidostomum. Crepidostomum cooperi 

infected seven fish species. Azygia angusticauda occurred in eight fish species. Eight species in 

the genus Phyllodistomum (Gorgoderidae) were reported and each was host-specific. Twentythree 

species of adult trematodes were reported from only one fish species. All digenean species 

occurred in the digestive tract except for Crepidostomum farionis (also gall bladder), Acetodextra 

amiuri (swim bladder), Phyllodistomum spp. (ureters), Plagioporus cooperi (also gall bladder), 

and Sanguinicola spp. (blood). 

Fifteen species of larval/immature trematodes representing six families have been reported. Eight 

species are in the Diplostomidae. Diplostomum spathaceum and Posthodiplostomum minimum 

have been found in 45 fish species plus S. fontinalis x S. namaycush and 26 fish species, 

respectively. Larval trematodes that occurred in a variety of non-intestinal sites are Bucephalus 

sp., Clinostomum complanatum, Centrovarium lobotes, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum 

baeri eucaliae, D. flexicaudum, D. huronense, D. spathaceum, Diplostomum sp., Neascus sp., 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, Ichthyocotylurus 

intermedia, Ichthyocotylurus sp., Proalaria huronensis, and Tylodelphys scheuringi. 

Ichthyocotylurus intermedia was associated with the heart and mesentery of 11 fish species plus 

S. fontinalis x S. namaycush. Immature trematodes were not found in the digestive tract. 

Monogeneans 

Sixty-nine species of monogeneans in eight families were documented in Lake Huron fish. All 

monogenean species are host-specific to one fish species or family. Twenty-four species are in 

the Ancyrocephalidae and 19 species are in the Dactylogyridae. Monogeneans primarily occurred 

on the gills, except for Acolpenteron spp. (ureters), Pellucidhaptor catostomi (also nasal cavity), 

P. nasalis (nasal cavity), and Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii (fins). Fifteen species are in the 

Gyrodactylidae and occurred on the fins or gills. The genera Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus were 

each represented by 14 species. Discocotyle sagittata infected the gills of four species of 

coregonines and S. fontinalis x S. namaycush. 

Cestodes 

Twenty-three species of adult cestodes representing seven families were found in the digestive 

tract of fish. Eleven of these species are in the Proteocephalidae. Proteocephalus exiguus and P. 

laruei each infected four fish species and P. pearsei infected six species. Cyathocephalus 

truncatus has been reported from 15 fish species and S. fontinalis x S. namaycush. Many species 

146

(Glaridacris catostomi, Eubothrium rugosum, E. salvelini, Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, 

Haplobothrium globuliforme, Corallobothrium fimbriatum, Corrallotaenia minutia, 

Megathylacoides giganteum, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. exiguus, P. fluviatilis, P. perplexus, 

P. pinguis, P. stizostethi, Triaenophorus nodulosus, T. stizostedionis) are host-specific to one fish 

species or family. 

Twelve species of larval/immature cestodes representing seven families were found. Four species 

are in the Diphyllobothriidae, and two species are in the Triaenophoridae. Eubothrium salvelini, 

Bothriocephalus sp., Cyathocephalus truncatus, Proteocephalus pearsei, and Triaenophorus 

crassus occurred as immature stages in the intestine. Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei, 

Ligula intestinalis, Schistocephalus solidus, Triaenophorus crassus, T. nodulosus, and 

Hymenolepis sp. were larval stages encysted in non-intestinal sites. Diphyllobothrium spp. 

infected salmonids, and Ligula intestinalis was found in eight fish species. Proteocephalus 

ambloplitis occurred in the liver and mesentery of six fish species. Triaenophorus crassus 

infected the muscle of coregonine species and Petromyzon marinus, and T. nodulosus infected the 

liver of nine species plus S. fontinalis x S. namaycush. 

Nematodes 

Twenty-four species of adult nematodes in eight families were found in Lake Huron fish. Four 

species are in the Capillariidae, 3 in the Cucullanidae, 5 in the Cystidicolidae, and 4 in the 

Rhabdochonidae. Hysterothylacium brachyurum occurred in 8 fish species plus S. fontinalis x S. 

namaycush, Dichelyne cotylophora in 5 species, Cystidicola farionis in 8 salmonid species plus S. 

fontinalis x S. namaycush and Osmerus mordax, Cystidicola stigmatura in 7 salmonid species 

plus S. fontinalis x S. namaycush, Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum in 7 salmonid species, 

Spinitectus gracilis in 12 species plus S. fontinalis x S. namaycush, and Rhabdochona cascadilla 

in 11 fish species. All adult nematodes were found in the digestive tract, except for 

Truttaedacnitis stelmoides (gills, gonads, liver, intestinal wall), C. farionis and C. stigmatura 

(swim bladder), Philometra cylindracea (body cavity, testes, mesentery and heart), and 

Philometroides nodulosa (subcutaneous tissue of head). Some nematode species (e.g., Philometra 

cylindracea, Philometroide nodulosa, Haplonema hamulatum, H. immutatum, and Rhabdochona 

cotti) are host-specific to one fish species or family. 

Thirteen species of larval/immature nematodes representing 10 families were reported. 

Spinitectus gracilis and Eustrongylides tubifex each infected four fish species. Raphidascaris 

acus occurred both in the liver as a larval stage and intestine as an immature stage. Immature 

stages of Capillaria salvelini, Capillaria sp., Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, Haplonema hamulatum, 

Haplonema sp., and Rhabdochona sp. were found in the digestive tract. Immature Cystidicola sp. 

occurred in the swim bladder. Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium brachyurum, 

Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris sp., Camallanus oxycephalus, Camallanus sp., Spinitectus 

gracilis, Eustrongylides tubifex, Eustrongylides sp., Spiroxys contortus, Spiroxys sp., and 

Philometra sp. infected a variety of non-intestinal sites. 

147


Sixteen species of adult acanthocephalans representing four families were reported, all in the 

intestine. Ten of these species are in the Neoechinorhynchidae. Neoechinorhynchus crassus, N. 

cristatus, N. strigosus, and Octospinifer macilentus are host-specific to catostomids, but several 

other species were found in numerous fish species–Acanthocephalus dirus (13 plus S. fontinalis x 

S. namaycush), Echinorhynchus salmonis (32 plus S. fontinalis x S. namaycush), 

Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (11), N. rutili (17), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (19 plus S. 

fontinalis x S. namaycush), and Leptorhynchoides thecatus (17). 

Four species of immature acanthocephalans were found. Echinorhynchus salmonis and 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli infected both the digestive tract and non-intestinal sites. 

Echinorhynchus sp. and Neoechinorhynchus tumidus occurred in the intestine. Leptorhynchoides 

thecatus was found encysted in non-intestinal sites. 

Leeches 

Four species of leeches in two families have been reported from Lake Huron fish. These species 

were attached to the gill chamber area, under the operculum, on fins, and on the external surface. 

Actinobdella inequiannulata is host-specific to catostomids. Myzobdella sp. and Piscicola 

punctata each occurred on 4 fish species. 

Crustaceans 

Seventeen species of copepods representing four families were found on Lake Huron fishes. Two 

species are in the Argulidae, 7 in the Ergasilidae, 2 in the Lernaeidae, and 6 in the 

Lernaeopodidae. All species were found on the external surface, fins, and gills, except for 

Ergasilus megaceros (olfactory sac), Salmincola extumescens (also branchial rim, operculum), 

and Salmincola inermis (gill cavities). Ergasilus caeruleus was reported from 14 fish species plus 

S. fontinalis x S. namaycush, Neoergasilus japonicus from 10 species, and Lernaea cruciata and 

L. cyprinacea each were reported from 8 fish species. Argulus japonicus, Ergasilus celestis, E. 

megaceros, Achtheres pimelodi, Salmincola edwardsii, S. extensus, S. extumescens, S. inermis, 

and S. siscowet are host-specific to one fish species or family. 

Molluscs 

One species of glochidia (Anodontoides ferussacianus) was identified infecting a fish species, 

Petromyzon marinus, and unidentified glochidia were found on the fins and gills of 11 Lake 

Huron fish species. 

148


The parasite faunas of 76 of the 115 established fish species plus two hybrids (Cyprinus carpio x 

Carassius auratus and S. fontinalis x S. namaycush) representing 20 fish families in Lake Huron 

have been documented during 1914-2010 (Table 15). Twelve studies have been performed on the 

parasites of Perca flavescens, 10 studies on Coregonus clupeaformis, 7 studies on Salvelinus 

namaycush, 9 studies on Catostomus commersonii, and 6 studies have been performed on the 

parasites of both Osmerus mordax and Percopsis omiscomaycus. Fourteen fish species (Acipenser 

fulvescens, Couesius plumbeus, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis atherinoides, Rhinichthys 

cataractae, Semotilus atromaculatus, Umbra limi, Fundulus diaphanus, Culaea inconstans, 

Pomoxis annularis, Pomoxis nigromaculatus, Etheostoma nigrum, Myoxocephalus thompsonii, 

Apollonia melanostoma) have had 2 studies performed on their parasites. Twenty-five fish 

species (33%) of the 76 fish species plus the two hybrids (Carassius auratus, Lepomis cyanellus, 

L. macrochirus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Dorosoma cepedianum, Margariscus nachtriebi, 

Notropis rubellus, Phoxinus neogaeus, Rhinichthys obtusus, Carpiodes cyprinus, Moxostoma 

macrolepidotum, Noturus flavus, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Salmo trutta, Cottus ricei, Nocomis 

biguttatus, Notropis heterodon, N. volucellus, Phoxinus eos, Esox masquinongy, Coregonus 

alpenae, Sander canadensis, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. tshawytscha, Prosopium coulteri) 

have had only one study performed on their parasites. Twenty fish species in the Cyprinidae were 

examined for parasites. Perca flavescens harbored the most parasite species (48), followed by 

Micropterus dolomieu (37), Ambloplites rupestris (37), C. commersonii (36), and Notropis 

hudsonius (28). 

Forty-two fish species from Lake Huron whose parasites have not been documented are 

Ichthyomyzon fossor, I. unicuspis, Lampetra appendix, Lepisosteus osseus, Hiodon tergisus, 

Campostoma anomalum, Cyprinella spiloptera, Hybognathus hankinsoni, Luxilus 

chrysocephalus, Lythrurus umbratilis, Nocomis micropogon, Notropis anogenus, N. buchanani, 

N. stramineus, Erimyzon sucetta, Hypentelium nigricans, Minytrema melanops, Moxostoma 

anisurum, M. duquesnei, M. erythrurum, M. valenciennesi, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 

Ameiurus melas, A. natalis, Noturus gyrinus, N. stigmosus, Esox americanus, Aphredoderus 

sayanus, Labidesthes sicculus, Morone americana, Lepomis megalotis, Ammocrypta pellucida, 

Etheostoma blennioides, E. caeruleum, E. flabellare, E. microperca, Gymnocephalus cernuus, 

Percina copelandi, P. maculata, P. shumardi, Aplodinotus grunniens, and Proterorhinus 

marmoratus. 


The values for parasite species–richness, regardless of life stage, and number of fish species 

examined in each of the five compared fish families (in parentheses) were Centrarchidae (51, 8), 

Cyprinidae (66, 20), Catostomidae (44, 4), Percidae (64, 6), and Salmonidae (50, 14). The 

correlation coefficient between parasite species-richness and number of fish species examined for 

each family was nonsignificant (rs = 0.600). 

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The parasite group(s) (in parentheses) most common in each of the five compared fish families 

from Lake Huron were Cyprinidae (monogeneans followed by digenetic trematodes), 

Catostomidae (digenetic trematodes followed by acanthocephalans), Centrarchidae (digenetic 

trematodes and monogeneans), Percidae (digenetic trematodes), and Salmonidae (nematodes 

followed by cestodes and copepods) (Table 16). 

Parasite species or a specific genus found only in centrarchids were adult digenetic trematodes 

(Caecinicola parvulus, Cryptogonimus chili, Phyllodistomum lohrenzi, Proterometra 

macrostoma), monogeneans (Acolpenteron ureteroectes, Actinocleidus recurvatus, Clavunculus 

bursatus, Cleidodiscus robustus, Gyrodactylus goerani, Haplocleidus dispar, Leptocleidus 

megalonchus, Lyrodiscus minimus, L. rupestris, Onchocleidus chautauquaensis, O. ferox, 

Syncleithrium fusiformis, Tetracleidus banghami, T. capax, T. longus, Urocleidus alatus), adult 

cestodes (Bothriocephalus claviceps, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. fluviatilis), adult nematodes 

(Raphidascaris acus, Spinitectus carolini), and copepods (Achtheres pimelodi). Parasite species 

found only in cyprinids were protozoans (Myxobolus bartai, M. burti, M. conspicuous, M. 

grandis, M. pendula, Thelohanellus notatus, Zschokkella sp.), adult digenetic trematodes 

(Allocreadium lobatum, Plagioporus cooperi), larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Bucephalus 

sp.), monogeneans (Cleidodiscus brachus, Dactylogyrus anchoratus, D. attenuatus, D. aureus, D. 

banghami, D. bifurcatus, D. chrosomi, D. cornutus, D. extensus, D. heterolepis, D. lineatus, D. 

pollex, Gyrodactyloides sp., Gyrodactylus atratuli, G. banghami, G. couesius, G. dechtiara, G. 

margaritae, G. medius, Octomacrum microconfibula, O. semotili, Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii), 

adult nematodes (Rhabdochona canadensis, R. decaturensis), and adult acanthocephalans 

(Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni). Parasites found only in catostomids were protozoans 

(Trypanoplasma borreli, T. catostomi, Myxobolus bibullatum, M. rotundum), adult digenetic 

trematodes (Lissorchis attenuatus, L. simeri, Phyllodistomum lysteri), monogeneans 

(Acolpenteron catostomi, Anonchohaptor anomalus, Dactylogyrus duquesni, Octomacrum 

lanceatum, Pellucidhaptor catostomi, Pseudomurraytrema copulatum), adult cestodes 

(Glaridacris catostomi), adult nematodes (Capillaria bakeri, Philometroides nodulosa), adult 

acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus crassus, N. cristatus, N. strigosus, Octospinifer 

macilentus), and leeches (Actinobdella inequiannulata). Parasites found only in percids were 

protozoans (Trichodina urinaria, Henneguya doori, Myxobolus scleroperca), adult digenetic 

trematodes (Bucephalus elegans, Bunodera sacculata, Centrovarium lobotes, Phyllodistomum 

superbum, Sanguinicola occidentalis), larval digenetic trematodes (Apophallus brevis), 

monogeneans (Aethycteron malleus, Gyrodactylus etheostomae, G. freemani, G. stunkardi, 

Urocleidus aculeatus, U. adspectus), adult cestodes (Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, B. formosus, 

Proteocephalus stizostethi, Triaenophorus stizostedionis), larval/immature cestodes (Hymenolepis 

sp.), adult nematodes (Dichelyne sp., Philometra cylindracea), and copepods (Argulus japonicus, 

Ergasilus confusus). Parasites only found in salmonids were protozoans (Henneguya zschokkei), 

adult digenetic trematodes (Phyllodistomum coregoni, P. lachancei), monogeneans (Discocotyle 

sagittata, Tetraonchus variabilis), adult cestodes (Eubothrium salvelini, Proteocephalus exiguus), 

larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei, Diphyllobothrium sp., Triaenophorus 

crassus), adult nematodes (Capillaria salvelini, Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum), immature 

nematodes (Haplonema sp., Philometra sp.), adult acanthocephalans (Echinorhynchus lateralis, 

Neoechinorhynchus tumidus), and copepods (Salmincola edwardsii, S. extensus, S. extumescens, 

S. inermis, S. siscowet). 

150

The numbers and percentages of autogenic and allogenic helminth species (in parentheses), 

respectively, for each fish family are Centrarchidae (24 species, 71%, 10 species, 29%); 

Cyprinidae (20 species, 67%, 10 species, 33%); Catostomidae (21 species, 77%, 6 species, 22%); 

Percidae (31 species, 72%, 12 species, 28%); and Salmonidae (31 species, 84%, 6 species, 16%). 


The Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity among the five comparison fish 

families were low ranging from 0.0869 (Centrarchidae and Catostomidae) to 0.2872 (Percidae 

and Centrarchidae) (Table 17). Species in the Percidae shared few parasite species with fish in the 

Cyprinidae (0.2403). The species involved in the calculations of Jaccard coefficients of parasitecommunity 

similarity for each of the five families were (in parentheses) Centrarchidae 

(Ambloplites rupestris, Lepomis cyanellus, L. gibbosus, L. macrochirus, Micropterus dolomieu, 

M. salmoides, Pomoxis annularis, P. nigromaculatus); Cyprinidae (Carassius auratus, Couesius 

plumbeus, Cyprinus carpio, C. carpio x Carassius auratus, Luxilus cornutus, Margariscus 

nachtriebi, Nocomis biguttatus, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis atherinoides, N. heterodon, 

N. heterolepis, N. hudsonius, N. rubellus, N. volucellus, Phoxinus eos, P. neogaeus, Pimephales 

notatus, P. promelas, Rhinichthys cataractae, R. obtusus, Semotilus atromaculatus); 

Catostomidae (Carpiodes cyprinus, Catostomus catostomus, C. commersonii, Moxostoma 

macrolepidotum); Percidae (Etheostoma exile, E. nigrum, Perca flavescens, Sander canadensis, 

S. vitreus), and Salmonidae (Coregonus alpenae, C. artedi, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. kisutch, O. mykiss, O. nerka, Prosopium coulteri, P. cylindraceum, 

Salmo trutta, Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush, S. fontinalis x S. namaycush). 

Parasite species found in two or more fish families (in parentheses) were protozoans— 

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (5); adult digenetic trematodes—Azygia angusticauda (3), Bunoderina 

eucaliae (2), Rhipidocotyle papillosum (2), Crepidostomum cooperi (3), C. cornutum (2), C. 

farionis (3), C. isostomum (2), Microphallus opacus (2), Plagioporus sinitsini (2); 

larval/immature digenetic trematodes—Centrovarium lobotes (3), Clinostomum complanatum 

(4), Crassiphiala bulboglossa (2), Diplostomum flexicaudum (2), D. spathaceum (18), 

Ichthyocotylurus intermedia (5), Neascus sp. (6), Posthodiplostomum minimum (8), Proalaria 

huronensis (6), Uvulifer ambloplitis (3); adult cestodes—Cyathocephalus truncatus (6), 

Proteocephalus laruei (2), P. pearsei (3); larval/immature cestodes—Eubothrium salvelini (2), 

Ligula intestinalis (3), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (4), P. pearsei (4), Schistocephalus solidus 

(2), Triaenophorus crassus (2), T. nodulosus (6); adult nematodes—Camallanus oxycephalus (2), 

Capillaria catenata (2), C. catostomi (4), Cystidicola farionis (2), C. stigmatura (2), Dichelyne 

cotylophora (2), Hysterothylacium brachyurum (5), Rhabdochona cascadilla (6), Spinitectus 

gracilis (8); larval/immature nematodes—Eustrongylides tubifex (2), Hysterothylacium 

brachyurum (3), Raphidascaris acus (6), Spinitectus gracilis (4), Spiroxys sp. (3); adult 

acanthocephalans—Acanthocephalus dirus (8), Echinorhynchus leidyi (4), E. salmonis (14), 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus (11), Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (4), N. pungitius (4), N. rutili 

(10), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (11); immature acanthocephalans—Echinorhynchus salmonis 

(2), Neoechinorhynchus tumidus (2), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (4), Leptorhynchoides thecatus 

(3); leeches—Myzobdella lugubris (2), Piscicola punctata (4); and copepods—Argulus catostomi 

151

(2), Ergasilus caeruleus (7), E. luciopercarum (4), E. nerkae (3), E. versicolor (2), Lernaea 

cruciata (5), L. cyprinacea (5), Neoergasilus japonicus (4). 

Discussion 

Lake Huron has an approximate length and width of 332 km and 295 km with a surface area of 

59,600 km 2 (Herdendorf 1982). Its mean depth is 59 m and maximum depth is 229 m. Water from 

Lake Huron flows into Lake Erie via the St. Clair River, Lake St.Clair, and the Detroit River. Of 

the 115 fish species listed as established in Lake Huron (Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman 2000), 

the parasites of 76 species (66%) plus two hybrids have been studied and reported. 

The most-encompassing survey of parasites from Lake Huron was done by Dechtiar et al. (1988) 

who found 218 parasite species (not including agnaths) associated with 57 fish species collected 

during 1961-1975. Their reported numbers in each main parasite group were Protozoa (18), 

Digenetic Trematoda (48), Monogenea (69), Cestoda (26), Nematoda (21) Acanthocephala (17), 

Crustacea (14), Hirudinea (4), and Mollusca (1). These numbers are similar to the totals reported 

for all studies in this synopsis, except that the numbers of protozoan, digenetic trematode, and 

nematode species each increased by six, seven, or nine. Dechtiar et al. (1988) found that Perca 

flavescens had the highest species-richness (30) followed by Micropterus dolomieu with 28. 

Other studies reported an additional 18 parasite species for Perca flavescens and an additional 

nine parasite species reported for M. dolomieu. 

Dechtiar et al. (1988), in referring to Lake Huron, stated “If the species composition of the 

parasite fauna changes in response to eutrophication, one would expect a trend toward 

predominance of monogeneans, crustaceans, e.g. Argulus and Ergasilus, and digenetic trematodes 

which are most characteristic of eutrophic habitats. This trend is confirmed in the present study as 

the number of species of mongeneans and trematodes has increased almost fourfold since the 

early 1950s.” Dechtiar et al. (1988) were probably comparing their data to the data generated by 

Bangham (1955). Comparing this information in Dechtiar et al. (1988) to the data in this 

synopsis, the number of monogeneans decreased by four, the numbers of digenetic trematodes 

increased by six, and the number of copepods increased by three. These changes are probably 

related to: 1) new parasite species being described; 2) more individuals and fish species 

examined; and 3) possibly a change in the fish community and thus of potential hosts since the 

studies of Bangham (1955) and Dechtiar et al. (1988). It is difficult to determine if eutrophication 

has played a role in these changes in the numbers of these species in these parasite groups. 


Protozoans 

Of the ciliates found, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina urinaria, and Trichodina sp. can 

cause fish health problems. Allison and Kelly (1963) reported that Ichthyophthirius multifiliis 

caused weight loss and host mortality. Hines and Spira (1974) found that I. multifiliis produced 

152

hyperplasia and mucous cell depletion in the skin. Dechtiar (1972a) reported that substantial 

mortality of young Perca flavescens in Lake Erie was due to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. 

Trichodina urinaria can cause inflammation of the ureters and Trichodina sp. can produce 

hyperplasia of the gill lamellae. Of the myxozoans, Henneguya spp., Myxobolus spp., and 

Thelohanellus notatus are most important, infecting a variety of non-intestinal sites and causing 

damage to the gills, muscle, internal organs, and skin (Dogiel et al. 1958; Reichenbach-Klinke 

and Elkan 1965; Reichenbach-Klinke 1973). Two of the microsporans (Glugea anomala and G. 

cepedianae) cause hypertrophy of cells, and mortalities of Pungitius pungitius have been ascribed 

to Glugea anomala (see Sindermann 1970). 


The following adult digenetic trematodes may be pathogenic to fish: Crepidostomum (5 species 

reported), Acetodextra amiuri, Phyllodistomum (8 species reported), Sanguinicola occidentalis, 

and Sanguinicola sp. (Davis 1937; Perkins 1951, 1956; Wales 1958b; Gleason et al. 1983). The 

larval trematodes (Clinostomum complanatum, Centrovarium lobotes, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, 

Diplostomum (4 species reported, including Diplostomum spathaceum), Neascus sp., 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, Ichthyocotylurus 

intermedia, Ichthyocotylurus sp., and Tylodelphys scheuringi are pathogenic to fish affecting the 

skin, eyes, brain, internal organs, and muscle (Meyer 1958; Wales 1958b; Kozicka 1958; Sinclair 

1972). Bychovskaya-Pavloskaya and Petrushevski (1963) reported on the mortalities of fish 

caused by adult and larval digenetic trematodes. 

Monogeneans 

Some of the ancyrocephalid species, several Dactylogyrus spp., Discocotyle sagittata, several 

Gyrodactylus spp., Tetraonchus monenteron, and T. variabilis are monogeneans that, when they 

occur in high numbers, can cause pathology and hyperplasia of gill lamellae (Mizelle 1938; 

Tripathi 1959; Prost 1963; Lester and Adams 1974). Discocotyle sagittata has caused mortalities 

to fish due to damage to the gills (Blood et al. 2006). 

Cestodes 

Adults of Eubothrium crassum, E. rugosum, E. salvelini, and Cyathocephalus truncatus have 

been known to cause pathology to fish (Vik 1954; 1958; Smith and Margolis 1970; Boyce 1979). 

The plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei, Diphyllobothrium sp., Ligula 

intestinalis, Schistocephalus solidus, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Triaenophorus crassus, and T. 

nodulosus that infect the liver, mesentery, and gonads can cause inflammation and other 

pathology resulting in major damage (Bangham 1927; Lawler 1969; Matthey 1963; Dechtiar 

1972a). Plerocercoids of Proteocephalus ambloplitis can reduce the reproductive capacity of 

female Micropterus dolomieu by fibrosis of the ovaries and direct oocyte destruction (Esch and 

Huffines 1973; McCormick and Stokes 1982). 

153

Nematodes 

Hysterothylacium brachyurum and Raphidascaris acus are large nematodes infecting the 

digestive tract, but their pathological effect on fish is unknown. Cystidicola farionis infected the 

swim bladder of salmonids and Osmerus mordax, while C. stigmatura infected S. namaycush. 

Black (1984) reported swim bladder lesions associated with Cystidicola stigmatura in Salvelinus 

namaycush. Willers et al. (1991) and Knudsen et al. (2002) reported on histopathological changes 

of swim bladders infected with Cystidicola farionis and believed this nematode may cause 

mortality to the most heavily infected Salvelinus alpinus. Adults of Philometra cylindracea that 

occur in several non-intestinal sites may play a role in reduced growth and high mortality of 

Perca flavescens (see Allison 1966; Crites 1982; Salz 1989). 

Larvae of Contracaecum sp. (mesentery), Hysterothylacium brachyurum (liver), Raphidascaris 

acus (liver, spleen), Raphidascaris sp. (free and encapsulated in liver, mesentery, and intestinal 

wall), Camallanus oxycephalus (encysted), Camallanus sp. (liver, gonads), Eustrongylides tubifex 

(mesentery, muscle), Eustrongylides sp. (body cavity, viscera), Spiroxys contortus (mesentery), 

Spiroxys sp. (mesentery), and Philometra sp. (mesentery) can cause inflammation to the viscera 

and other sites and possibly increase the fish’s susceptibility to secondary infections by viruses, 

bacteria, and fungi. Larvae of Eustrongylides tubifex may play a role in reduced growth and high 

mortality of Perca flavescens (see Allison 1966; Crites 1982; Salz 1989). Crites (1982) suggested 

that high intensities of Eustrongylides tubifex resulted in lower mean weight in infected ageclasses 

of Perca flavescens. Salz (1989) demonstrated that water content was consistently higher 

in the viscera of Perca flavescens infected with Eustrongylides tubifex than in fish not infected, 

indicating that E. tubifex may utilize some of its host’s lipid reserve. 


The adult acanthocephalans (Acanthocephalus dirus, Echinorhynchus salmonis, Pomphorhynchus 

bulbocolli, Leptorhynchoides thecatus) can reduce the absorption of nutrients in infected fish 

(Bullock 1963; Schmidt et al. 1974). McDonough and Gleason (1981) reported that 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli caused the formation of a fibrous capsule around its proboscis when 

it penetrated the intestinal wall. Echinorhynchus salmonis, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, and L. 

thecatus also occurred encysted in a variety of non-intestinal sites causing inflammation and 

fibrosis. 

Leeches 

Leeches on Lake Huron fishes had low prevalences and/or intensities and are of minor pathologic 

importance to fishes, except possibly for Actinobdella inequiannulata that has been reported to 

cause damage to the gills and operculum of catostomids (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988). 

154

Crustaceans 

Argulus, Ergasilus, Neoergasilus, Lernaea, Achtheres, and Salmincola are genera of parasitic 

copepods that in high intensities could cause pathology to various attachment sites on fishes, 

including hemorrhaging and cell hyperplasia (Schumacher 1952; Allum and Hugghins 1959; 

Kabata 1970; Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988). Lernaea spp. can damage the scales, skin, and 

underlying muscle tissue with its anchor attachment structure. Roberts and Janovy (2009) 

indicated that Lernaea spp. may cause inflammation, ulceration, and secondary bacterial and 

fungal infections at attachment sites, and small fish have been killed by infection with several 

individuals. Epizootics from Lernaea spp. occur in wild-fish populations (Putz and Bowen 1968). 

Molluscs 

Only larval stages (glochidia) of one species of mollusc (Anodontoides ferussacianus) have been 

identified infecting Lake Huron fishes. Several fish species, however, have been infected with 

unidentified glochidia, and when present at high intensities, these parasites can cause damage to 

the skin, fins, and gills--posssibly impairing respiratory function (Karna and Milleman 1978). 


Sixty parasite species reported from fish in two or more families make up 25% of all the parasite 

species reported from fish in Lake Huron. All these parasite species have indirect life cycles with 

fish becoming infected by eating infected intermediate hosts or paratenic hosts, except for the 

protozoa, leeches, and copepods that have direct life cycles. The digenetic trematodes made up 

33% of these species followed by the nematodes (20%). There are 181 parasite species that are 

host-specific to one fish species or family. 

Jaccard coefficients of similarity for the parasite communities between individuals in five fishfamily 

comparisons were low, indicating fish in these families did not share many parasite 

species. The highest coefficient (0.2872) involved the Percidae and Centrarchidae, which are in 

the same order (Perciformes); fish in these families shared 27 parasite species. The next highest 

coefficient (0.2539) involved the Percidae and Catostomidae (Cypriniformes) that shared 25 

species. These low coefficients involving fish species among these different fish families 

indicate: 1) many parasite species have phylogenetic host specificity; 2) fish species in different 

families do not occupy the same habitats, or the habitats do not overlap much; and 3) the diets of 

the fish species do not typically overlap either by food items or spatially in foraging areas. There 

were no monogenean species shared between fish in these family pairings, and the only protozoan 

species shared was Ichthyopthirius multifiliis. Furthermore, the low Jaccard coefficients for 

parasite-community similarity among the centrarchids, catostomids, cyprinids, percids, and 

salmonids indicate that each of these fish families has its own characteristic parasite fauna. 

155


Most parasites reported from catostomids, centrarchids, and percids were digenetic trematodes; 

most from cyprinids were monogeneans and digenetic trematodes. Most parasites infecting 

salmonids were nematodes followed by cestodes and copepods. Most fish species examined from 

this lake were cyprinids (20 species) followed by salmonids (14 species). Cyprinids and 

salmonids harbored 67 and 49 parasite species, respectively. The centrarchids and percids 

harbored 60 and 63 parasite species, respectively. The salmonids had the highest percentage 

(84%) of autogenic helminth species and the cyprinids had the highest percentage (33%) of 

allogenic species. The percentages of autogenic helminth species in fish in these families varied 

from 67% to 84%. Based on the available literature from a fish family and parasite perspective, 

Lake Huron is characterized by having a mixture of cyprinid, salmonid, centrarchid, and percid 

species and their autogenic parasites. 

The reported autogenic helminth species that mature in fish include larval/immature trematodes 

(Bucephalus sp., Centrovarium lobotes), larval/immature cestodes (Eubothrium salvelini, 

Eubothrium sp., Bothriocephalus sp., Cyathocephalus truncatus, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. 

pearsei, Proteocephalus spp., Triaenophorus crassus T. nodulosus), larval/immature nematodes 

(Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris acus, Raphidascaris sp., 

Camallanus oxycephalus, Camallanus sp., Capillaria salvelini, Capillaria sp., Truttaedacnitis 

clitellarius, Cystidicola sp., Spinitectus gracilis, Philometra sp., Haplonema hamulatum, 

Haplonema sp.), immature acanthocephalans (Echinorhynchus salmonis, Echinorhynchus sp., 

Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, Leptorhynchoides thecatus). Of the 

allogenic helminth species found in fish, larvae of the digenetic trematodes (Clinostomum 

complanatum, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum baeri eucaliae, D. flexicaudum, D. 

huronense, D. spathaceum, Diplostomum sp., Neascus sp., Posthodiplostomum minimum, 

Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, Ichthyocotylurus sp., 

Proalaria huronensis, Tylodelphys scheuringi) mature in piscivorous birds; larvae of the cestodes 

of Diphyllobothrium ditremum, Ligula intestinalis, Schistocephalus solidus and Hymenolepis sp. 

mature in piscivorous birds; larvae of Diphyllobothrium laruei mature in mammals; 

immature/larval nematodes of Contracaecum sp., Eustrongylides tubifex, and Eustrongylides sp. 

mature in birds; and Spiroxys contortus and Spiroxys sp. mature in turtles. 

156

Table 14. Parasites reported for fishes from Lake Huron, 1914-2010. Host documentation, in 

order, consists of references; when observed (cdnp = collection date not provided); prevalence 



for the Dechtiar et al. (1988) article, intensity of infection (L = light, 1-9 parasites per host; M = 

medium, 10-49 parasites per host; and H = heavy, >50 parasites per host); location (lns = location 

not specified or incomplete), latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude/longitude not known). 



Trypanoplasma borreli Laveran and Mesnil, 1902 

Synonym: Trypanoplasma cyprini Plehn, 1913; Trypanoplasma keysselitzi Minchin, 1909; Trypanoplasma 

tincae Schaperclaus, 1954; Cryptobia kharbulaewi Chernova, 1984; Trypanoplasma carassii (Kashkovski, 

1974) 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Mavor 1916; 1913; pnp; minp; Go Home Bay; llnk; Georgian Bay, 

Ontario; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″ 

Trypanoplasma catostomi Bower and Woo, 1977 

Synonym: ?Trypanoplasma borreli of Mavor 1915, 1916 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Bower and Woo 1977; 1975; pnp; minp; Sarnia, Ontario; 42º58′0″/- 

82º24′0″ 

Remarks: Bower and Woo (1977) suggested that the tentative record of Trypanoplasma borreli from 

Catostomus commersonii by Mavor (1915) is a misidentification. 



Epistylis sp. 


Host: 

Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 4%; minp; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″ 

Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 79%; minp; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 

44º48′50″/-82º27′58″) 



Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Fins, gills, skin 

157


Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 29%; M; lns; Ontario 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; H; lns; Ontario 

Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario 

Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; M; lns; Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; M; lns; Ontario 





Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 10%; H; lns; Ontario 


Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; M; lns; Ontario 

Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 80%; minp; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″; 85%; minp; 

Yankee Reef, Michigan; 44º28′59″/-83º33′29″ 


44º48′50″/-82º27′58″ 

Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 17%; minp; Alpena, Michigan; 45º3′42″/- 

82º25′57″; 27%; minp; Harbor Beach, Michigan; 43º50′30″/-82º38′29″ 

Sander vitreus: Muzzall and Haas 1998; September 1993; September 1994; 9%; minp; Inner Saginaw Bay; 

43º45′0″/-83º39′59″; 19%; minp; Outer Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-83º39′59″ 




Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

158




Myxidium lieberkuhni Butschli, 1882 

Synonym: None 


Host: Esox lucius: Mavor 1916; 1913; 100%; minp; Go Home Bay; llnk; Georgian Bay, Ontario; 45º30′0″/- 

81º0′0″ 



Synonym: None 


Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 37%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Henneguya zschokkei (Gurley, 1893) Doflein, 1901 

Synonym: Henneguya salmincola Ward, 1919 according to Shulman, 1966 


Host: Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 



2001, October 2002; 60%; minp; Goderich, Ontario; 43°10' 59′′/-81°42′0′′ 81°44' 

Myxobolus bibullatum (Kudo, 1934) Landsberg and Lom, 1991 

Synonym: Myxosoma bibullatum Kudo, 1934 


Host: 

Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


159





Host: 


October 2002; 6%; minp; Goderich, Ontario; 43°43′5′′/-81°42′0′′ 


2004 

Myxobolus cognati Cone et al. 1996 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Operculum, periorbital tissue 

Host: Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 4%; minp; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 

44º48′50″/-82º27′58″ 

Myxobolus conspicuous Kudo, 1929 

Synonym: None 


Host: Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Myxobolus grandis (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984 

Synonym: Myxosoma grandis Kudo, 1934; Myxosoma grandis Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1939 


Host: Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Myxobolus pendula Guilford, 1967 

Synonym: Myxosoma pendula (Guilford, 1967) 


Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 22%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Site of Infection: Skin, muscle 

Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Myxobolus rotundum (Meglitsch, 1937) Lom and Noble, 1984 

Synonym: Myxosoma rotundum (Meglitsch, 1937) Lom and Noble, 1984 


Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

160





Host: Percina caprodes: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; M; lns; Ontario, llnk 

Myxobolus sp. 


Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 33%; M; lns; Ontario 

Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; M; lns; Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario 


Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Muscle, skin, tissue 

Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Beis and Cone 1990; Fall 1967; 98%; 2-30 cysts; Lake Mindemoya, Manitoulin 

Island; llnk 


October 2002; 13%; minp; Goderich, Ontario; 43°43′5′′/-81°42′0′′ 


Pimephales notatus: Mavor 1916; 1913; 6%; minp; Go Home Bay; llnk; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″ 




2001, October 2002; 6%; minp; Goderich, Ontario; 43°43′5′′/-81°42′0′′ 

Unidentified Myxospora 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Urinary bladder, various tissues 

Host: 

Notropis atherinoides: Bangham 1955; 1951; 20%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario; 

45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1955; 6%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 6%; Lake Manitou River; llnk 

Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

161


Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 5%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario; 

White Lake on Manitoulin Island; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955;






Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; Pleasant Creek, Ontario; llnk 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Nocomis biguttatus: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 9%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 39%; L; lns; Ontario 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 38%; minp; Lake Manitou River; llnk; White Lake of Manitoulin 

Island; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 44%; L; lns; Ontario 




Host: 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 1951; 22%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Manitoulin Island 

lakes, Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Bunoderina eucaliae Miller, 1936 

Synonym: Bunodera eucaliae (Miller, 1936) 


Host: 

Umbra limi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; stream of South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 74%; minp; White Lake on Manitoulin Island; llnk; small stream of 

South Bay, Ontario 

Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; L; lns; Ontario 







163


Host: 


Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 4%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/- 

82º1′0″ 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955;


Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 3%; minp; primarily 

South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; other locations in Ontario; llnk 

Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 12%; 2; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 44º48′50″/- 

82º27′58″ 

Perca flavescens: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario 



1931 


Host: 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 68%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Etheostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario 




Host: 

Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Creptotrema funduli Mueller, 1934 

Synonym: ?Allocreadium commune of Cooper, 1915 (partim) 


Host: 

Umbra limi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; stream of South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 





Ptychogonimus fontanus Lyster, 1939 


Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 7%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; 6%; minp; Bass Lake 

on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 4%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

165


Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; several bays, lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 40%; minp; several bays, lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Etheostoma exile: Bangham 1955; 40%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; South 

Bay, Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; South Bay, Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario 

Azygia longa (Leidy, 1851) Manter, 1926 

Synonym: Megadistomum longum (Leidy, 1851); Azygia acuminata Goldberger, 1911; Azygia lucii of 

Cooper, 1915; Azygia tereticolle of Stafford, 1904 


Host: 

Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; Sheguandah Bay; llnk; 

Bass Lake; llnk; Long Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 49º31′59″/-86º49′59″ 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 1951;


Prosorhynchoides pusilla (Stafford, 1904) Eckman, 1932 

Synonym: Bucephalopsis pusilla (Stafford, 1904); Bucephalus pusillus (Stafford 1904); Gasterostomum 

pusillum (Stafford 1904) 


Host: 

Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 10%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Mindemoya Lake; llnk; 

Windfall Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Sander vitreus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Sander vitreus: Woodhead 1930; 1926; pnp; minp; Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-83º33′29″ 

Rhipidocotyle papillosa (Woodhead, 1929) Eckmann, 1932 

Synonym: Gasterostomum pusillum of Cooper, 1915; Bucephalus papillosus Woodhead, 1929 

Site of Infection: [Digestive tract] 

Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1951;


Allacanthochasmus varius Van Cleave, 1922 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Caecincola parvulus Marshall and Gilbert, 1905 

Synyonym: None 


Host: Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas 

Bay, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 




Host: 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Sander canadensis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 1951; 64%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; lakes on 

Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 43%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 43%; minp; several bays, lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 18%; M; lns; Ontario 

Remarks: Species name, chili is sometimes misspelled chyli. 


Phyllodistomum brevicecum Steen, 1938 

Synonym: None 


Host: Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 93%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

168


Phyllodistomum coregoni Dechtiar, 1966 

Synonym: None 


Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 39%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Phyllodistomum lachancei Choquette, 1947 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 32%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; L; lns; Ontario 

Phyllodistomum lohrenzi (Loewen, 1935) 

Synonym: None 


Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Phyllodistomum lysteri Miller, 1940 

Synonym: None 


Host: Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario 

Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario 

Phyllodistomum staffordi Pearse 1924a 


Stafford, 1904 (partim); ?Phyllodistomum carolini Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum lacustri of Dechtiar (1972a) 

and Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988); Phyllodistomum hunteri Arnold, 1934 


Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 56%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988, 1961-1971, 19%, L, lns, Ontario, llnk 


Synonym: Phyllodistomum fausti Pearse 1924; Phyllodistomum pearsei Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum 



Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

169


Phyllodistomum undulans Steen, 1938 

Synonym: None 


Host: Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 49%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 45%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Lepocreadiidae (Odhner, 1905) Nicoll, 1935 

Megalonia ictaluri Surber, 1928 

Synonym: Crepidostomum ictaluri Surber, 1928 


Host: 

Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 67%; L; lns; Ontario 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 50%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 44%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; lakes on 


Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Lissorchis simeri Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 

Synonym: Triganodistomum simeri Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 


Host: Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 15%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Lissorchis sp. 


Host: Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

170



Alloglossidium corti (Lamont, 1921) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934 

Synonym: Plagiorchis corti Lamont; Plagiorchis ameiurensis McCoy, 1928 


Host: 


Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 67%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: Alloglossidium geminus, Plagiorchis geminum Mueller 


Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 69%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

llnk 

Macroderoides typicus (Winfield, 1929) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: Amia calva: Bangham 1955; 1951; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Microphallidae (Ward, 1901) Travassos, 1920 

Microphallus opacus (Ward, 1894) Ward, 1901 

Synonym: Distomum opacum Ward, 1894; Microphallus opacus ovatus Strandine, 1943 


Host: 



Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; South Bay; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 8%; minp; several bays; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; South Bay, Ontario 

Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925 

Plagioporus cooperi (Hunter and Bangham, 1932) Price, 1934 

Synonym: Allocreadium commune of Cooper, 1915 (partim); Lebouria cooperi Hunter and Bangham, 1932 

Site of Infection: Intestine, gall bladder 

Host: 

Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario 

Notropis atherinoides: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario 

171


Plagioporus sinitsini Mueller, 1934 



Host: 

Nocomis biguttatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955;






Site of Infection: Mesentery, muscle 

Host: 

Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 6%; M; lns; Ontario 

Rhinichthys obtusus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario 


Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; M; lns; Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 9%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; lakes on Manitoulin 

Island, Ontario; llnk 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 37%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; Bass Lake; llnk; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 

Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; bays of Manitoulin Island; llnk; lakes on Manitoulin 


Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 17%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; M; lns; Ontario 

Remarks: Dzikowski et al. (2004) reported Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum were 

distinct species based on differences in ribosomal DNA. 



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 21%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 9%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

llnk 

Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1955; 35%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 


Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 27%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

173



Crassiphiala bulboglossa Van Haitsma, 1925 

Synonym: Neascus bulboglossa (Van Haitsma, 1925) 


Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario 




Sander vitreus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario 

Diplostomum baeri eucaliae Hoffman and Hundley, 1957 

Synonym: None 


Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928) 

Synonym: Considered a synonym of Diplostomum spathaceum by some authors 


Host: 

Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 1951. 90%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 82%; minp; South Bay; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

llnk 


South Bay 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; other locations, Ontario; llnk 

Diplostomum huronense (La Rue, 1927) Hughes and Hall, 1929 



Host: Petromyzon marinus: Wilson and Ronald 1967; 1961 and 1962; upstream migrants; 24%; 2; four 

streams in the Manitoulin Island, Bruce Peninsula area; llnk; lake stages; 2%; 2; five offshore areas of the 

Manitoulin Island, Bruce Peninsula area, Michigan; llnk 


Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819): Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1832; 


1942; Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928); Diplostomum indistinctum; Diplostomum gigas. 


174


Host: 

Amia calva: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 31%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/- 

82º1′0″ 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 65%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 39%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; L; lns; Ontario 

Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario 


Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario 


Notropis rubellus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 60%; L; lns; Ontario 

Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario 

Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 26%; L; lns; Ontario 



Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario 

Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 40%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

Catostomus commersonii: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 27%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 37%; L-M; lns; Ontario 


Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario 

Osmerus mordax: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 15%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; April 1984, April 1985, April 1986; 88%; 11; Carp River 

area, Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º1′29″/-84º41′33″; 93%; 11; De Tour Village, Chippewa County, 

Michigan; 45º57′46″/-83º54′17″; 98%; 14; Hessel, Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º0′15″/-84º25′33″; 

84%; 7; Point Lookout, northwest Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 44º2′59″/-83º34′46″ 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 20%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 2%; minp; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″; North 

Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; southern shore of Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 

Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 18%; minp; lns; Ontario 




175


Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario 


Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; L; lns; Ontario 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario 

Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 28%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 54%; L; lns; Ontario 


Pungitius pungitius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario 

Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario 

Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 48%; L; lns; Ontario 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario 

Ambloplitis rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 43%; L; lns; Ontario 


Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 75%; L; lns; Ontario 




Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 60%; 8; 5; Saginaw River, 

Michigan; 43º38′49″/-83º51′1″ 


Site of Infection: Lens, brain 

Host: 

Petromyzon marinus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 8%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Amia calva: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 3%; 1; Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/- 

83º33′29″ 

Couesis plumbeus: Bangham 1955; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1955; 67%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Nocomis biguttatus: Bangham 1955; 75%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 

Notropis heterodon: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Notropis heterolepis: Bangham 1955; 32%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 60%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario 

Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1955; 64%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island; llnk; South Bay, 

Ontario 

176


Phoxinus eos: Bangham 1955; 24%; minp; Rogers Creek; llnk; McKimm Creek; llnk; near South Bay, 

Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1955; 59%; minp; Mindemoya Lake and Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, 

Ontario 





Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 39%; minp; South Bay; Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; Sheguandah Bay; 

llnk; Bass Lake; llnk; Long Lake, Ontario; 49º31′59″/-86º49′59″ 

Esox masquinongy: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island 

Umbra limi: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; stream of South Bay, Ontario 

Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1955; 94%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario 

Coregonus alpenae: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; North Channel, Ontario 

Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 61%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 71%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario 

Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 51%; minp; North Channel; west of South Baymouth, Ontario; 45º33′0″/- 

82º1′0″ 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; Manitou River, South Bay, Ontario 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 95%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario 

Salvelinus fontinalis: Bangham 1955; 15%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario 

Salvelinus namaycush: Bangham 1955; 39%; minp; South Bay, South Baymouth, Ontario 

Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall and Bowen 2000; May 1995; 1%; 1; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/- 

82º27′58″; Adams Point, Michigan; 45º24′52″/-83º42′59″ 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 79%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 81%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario 

Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 60%; 59; Six Fathom Bank; 100%; 93; Yankee Reef, Michigan; 

44º28′59″/-83º33′29″ 

Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 30%; minp; South Bay, White Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Cottus bairdii: Bangham 1955; 38%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 89%; 96; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan 

Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 86%; minp; South Bay, lakes of Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; Lily Lake and Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 27%; minp; several bays of Manitoulin Island; llnk; lakes on 

Manitoulin Island, Sandfield Hatchery, Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 40%; minp; South Bay and Thomas Bay, Ontario 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 50%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 68%; South Bay, North Channel, Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario 

177


Sander canadensis: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 68%; minp; Mindemoya Lake; Whitefish Lake; 46º19′59″/-81º13′0″; 

Windfall Lake on Manitoulin Island; llnk; Sandfield Hatchery, Ontario 

Sander vitreus: Muzzall and Haas 1998; September 1993; September 1994; 2%; 4; Inner Saginaw Bay; 

43º45′0″/-83º33′29″ 

Diplostomum sp. or Tylodelphys sp. 


Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: La Rue et al. 1926; ?cdnp; 100%; minp; Cheboygan, Michigan; 45º39′52″/- 

84º26′8″ 

Remarks: Genus of trematode not specified. 

Neascus sp. 


Host: 


Notropis heterolepis: Bangham 1955; 4%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 45º49′59″/- 

82º25′0″ 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 15%; minp; Manitou River; llnk; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/- 

82º1′0″ 


Pimephales promelas: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 15%; minp; Lake Manitou River; llnk; White Lake on 

Manitoulin Island, llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk 


llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; M; lns; Ontario 



Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 15%; minp; White Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 89%; minp; Bass Lake; llnk; Lily Lake, Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955;


Posthodiplostomum minimum (MacCallum, 1921) Dubois, 1936 

Synonym: Neascus vancleavi (Agersborg, 1926); Diplostomum cuticola (Nordmann, 1832) Diesing, 1850 

of Stafford (1904) and Cooper (1915); Posthodiplostomum cuticola (Nordmann, 1832) Dubois, 1936 of 

Margolis and Arthur (1979) 


Host: 

Couesis plumbeus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 50%; minp; lns; llnk 

Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Pleasant Creek, Ontario; llnk 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; M; lns; Ontario 

Nocomis biguttatus: Bangham 1955; 75%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk 

Notropis atherinoides: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/- 

82º1′0″ 

Notropis atherinoides: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 81%; M; lns; Ontario 

Notropis heterodon: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Notropis heterolepis: Bangham 1955; 52%; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; South 

Bay, Ontario 

Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 80%; minp; Manitou River, Providence Bay; South Bay, Ontario 


Notropis rubellus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario 

Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1955; 91%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island; llnk; South Bay, 

Ontario 

Phoxinus eos: Bangham 1955; 18%; minp; Rogers Creek; llnk; McKimm Creek; llnk; near South Bay, 

Rogers Creek, Ontario; llnk 

Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 31%; M; lns; Ontario 

Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1955; 82%; minp; Mindemoya Lake and Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, 

South Bay, Ontario 


Rhinichthys cataractae: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Pleasant Creek; llnk; near South Bay, Ontario 

Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 15%; M; lns; Ontario 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 76%; minp; Lake Manitou River; llnk; White Lake on 

Manitoulin Island; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; M; lns; Ontario 

Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Salvelinus fontinalis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 8%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk 


Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; M; lns; Ontario 

Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 54%; M; lns; Ontario 

Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; White Lake; llnk; South Bay, Ontario 

Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; M; lns; Ontario 

179


Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 86%; minp; South Bay; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 22%; M; lns; Ontario 

Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 95%; minp; Bass Lake; llnk; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island; Rogers 

Creek of South Bay, Ontario 

Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 32%; M-H; lns; Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 34%; minp; several bays; llnk; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; M; lns; Ontario 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 75%; M; lns; Ontario 

Etheostoma exile: Bangham 1955; 40%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island or South Bay, Ontario 


Etheostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; M; lns; Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk 





Host: 

Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 5%; M; lns; Ontario 











Ichthyocotylurus intermedia (Hughes, 1928) 

Synonym: Tetracotyle intermedia Hughes, 1928 

Site of Infection: Heart, mesentery 

180


Host: 


82º1′0″ 




Coregonus artedi: Hughes 1928; March 1927and April 1927; pnp; minp; Saint Ignace, Michigan; 

45º52′7″/-84º43′40″ 





Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; southern shore of Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 


Prosopium cylindraceum: Hughes 1928; pnp; minp; Saint Ignace, Michigan 

Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; lns; South Bay, 

Ontario 

Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 6%; L-M; primarily 

South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; other locations, Ontario; llnk 

Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario 





Site of Infection: Brain, connective tissue, eye, heart, kidney, liver, mesentery, muscle, spleen, vertebral 

column 

Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 1%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario 

Phoxinus eos: Bangham 1955; 1951; 6%; minp; Rogers Creek; llnk; McKimm Creek; llnk; near South Bay, 

Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 



Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario 


Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 18%; L; Ontario 



181



Cottus bairdii: Bangham 1955; 75%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 100%; 156; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 

44º48′50″/-82º27′58″ 


Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 44%; M; lns; Ontario 

Etheostoma exile: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; Lily Lake; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; South Bay, Ontario 



Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955;


Aethycteron malleus (Mueller, 1938) Suriano and Beverley-Burton, 1982 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus malleus Mueller, 1938 


Host: Percina caprodes: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 83%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Clavunculus bursatus (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle, Stokely, Jakoski, Seamster, and Monaco, 1956 

Synonym: Actinocleidus bursatus, Ancyrocephalus bursatus 



Cleidodiscus brachus Mueller, 1938 

Synonym: Urocleidus brachus (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1967 


Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 61%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Cleidodiscus robustus Mueller, 1934 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus incisor, Actinocleidus incisor 


Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 15%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Haplocleidus dispar (Mueller, 1936) Mueller, 1937 

Synonym: Considered Onchocleidus dispar by Wheeler and Beverley-Burton (1989 


Host: 

Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 41%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario 

Leptocleidus megalonchus Mueller, 1936 

Synonym: Ancyrocephalus paradoxus, Cleidodidscus megalonchus (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and Hugher, 

1938; Tetraonchus unguiculatus, Urocleidus megalonchus (Mueller, 1936) Price, 1968 



Ligictaluridus floridanus (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus floridanus Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus mirabilis Mueller, 1937 (partim) 


Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

183


Ligictaluridus monticellii (Cognetti de Martiis, 1924) Klassen and Beverley-Burton, 1985 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Nasal cavity 

Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Ligictaluridus pricei (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus pricei Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus mirabilis Mueller, 1937 


Host: 


Noturus flavus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario 

Lyrodiscus minimus Kritsky and Hathaway, 1969 

Synonym: None 


Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Lyrodiscus rupestris Dechtiar, 1973 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Nasal cavity, fins, skin 

Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Onchocleidus chautauquaensis (Mueller, 1938) Murith and Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Tetracleidus chautauquensis (Mueller, 1938); Urocleidus chautauquaensis (Mueller, 1938) 

Mizelle and Hughes, 1938; Cleidodiscus chautauquaensis (Mueller, 1938) Yamaguti, 1963 



Onchocleidus chrysops (Mizelle and Klucka, 1953) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus chrysops (Mizelle and Klucka, 1953) Price and Mura, 1969; Urocleidus chrysops 

Mizelle and Klucka, 1953 


Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Onchocleidus ferox (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1936 

Synonym: Urocleidus ferox (Mueller, 1934; Onchocleidus nucronatus Mizelle, 1936; Cleidodiscus ferox 



Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 44%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

184


Salsuginus fundulus (Mizelle, 1940) Murith and Beverley-Burton, 1985 

Synonym: Urocleidus fundulus Mizelle, 1940 


Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 31%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Syncleithrium fusiformis (Mueller, 1934) Price, 1967 

Synonym: Actinocleidus fusiformis (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1937; Ancyrocephalus cruciatus (Cooper, 

1915) Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus fusiformis Mueller, 1934 



Tetracleidus banghami Mueller, 1936 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus banghami (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle, 1940 



Tetracleidus capax (Mizelle, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus capax Mizelle, 1936 


Host: Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Tetracleidus longus (Mizelle, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus longus Mizelle, 1936 


Host: Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 75%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: 


Sander vitreus: Muzzall and Haas 1998; September 1993, September 1994; 62%; minp; Inner Saginaw 

Bay; 43º45′0″/-83º33′29″; 34%; minp; Outer Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-83º33′29″ 


Synonym: None 



185



Synonym: Cleidodiscus alatus (Mueller, 1938) 


Host: Ambloplitis rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 46%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Urocleidus baldwini (Dechtiar, 1974) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus baldwini Dechtiar, 1974 


Host: 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1974a; 1969; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 43%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Catosotmus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Acolpenteron ureteroecetes Fischthal and Allison, 1940 

Synonym: None 



Dactylogyrus anchoratus (Dujardin, 1845) Wagener, 1857 

Synonym: None 


Host: Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus attenuatus Mizelle and Klucka, 1953 

Synonym: Neodactylogyrus attenuatus Yamaguti, 1963 


Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 44%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus aureus Seamster, 1948 

Synonym: None 


Host: Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 60%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

186



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971 39%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Margariscus nachtriebi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 60%; L; lns; Ontario 

Dactylogyrus bifurcatus Mizelle, 1937 

Synonym: Neodactylogyrus bifurcatus Price, 1938 


Host: 

Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 39%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 70%; L; lns; Ontario 

Dactylogyrus buddi Dechtiar, 1974 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar 1974b; 1969; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Cottus cognatus: Dechtiar 1974b; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario 


44º48′50″/-82º27′58″ 

Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 71%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus chrosomi Hanek, Molnar and Fernando, 1975 

Synonym: None 


Host: Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 51%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 45%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

187


Dactylogyrus duquesni (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1938 

Synonym: Neodactylogyrus duquesni Price, 1938 


Host: Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus eucalius Mizelle and Regensberger, 1945 

Synyonym: None 


Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 62%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus extensus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 

Synonym: Dactylogyrus solidus Akhmerov, 1948; Dactylogyrus hovorkai Kastak, 1957 


Host: 

Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1955; 1951; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus heterolepis Hanek, Molnar and Fernando, 1975 

Synonym: None 


Host: Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 60%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus lineatus Mizelle and Klucka, 1953 

Synonym: None 


Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 56%; L; lns; Ontario, llnk 

Dactylogyrus pollex Mizelle and Donahue, 1944 

Synonym: None 





Host: 

Notropis atherinoides: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 81%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Etheostoma exile: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 60%; L; lns; Ontario 

188


Pellucidhaptor catostomi Dechtiar, 1969 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Gills, nasal cavity 

Host: Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Pellucidhaptor nasalis Dechtiar, 1969 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Nasal cavity 

Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Pellucidhaptor sp. 



Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii Bykhovskii and Gusev, 1955 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1971b; August-November 1969; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Diclybothriidae Bykhovskii and Gusev, 1950 




Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Diclybothrium hamulatum (Simer, 1929) Price, 1942 

Synonym: None 


Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Remarks: Bangham (1955) misspelled this as Diplobothrium hammulatum. 


Discocotyle sagittata (Leuckart, 1842) Diesing, 1850 

Synonym: Discocotyle salmonis Schaffer, 1916 


189


Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 11%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, 

Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 17%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 11%; minp; North Channel, Ontario 


Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 




Octomacrum lanceatum Mueller, 1934 

Synonym: Octobothrium sagittatum Wright, 1879 


Host: 

Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Octomacrum microconfibula Hargis, 1952 

Synonym: None 



Octomacrum semotili Dechtiar, 1966 

Synonym: None 


Host: 




Gyrodactyloides sp. 


Host: Notropis heterolepis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 40%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 

Gyrodactylus atratuli Putz and Hoffman, 1963 

Synonym: None 


Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

190


Gyrodactylus bairdi Wood and Mizelle, 1957 

Synonym: None 


Host: Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 38%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus couesius Wood and Mizelle, 1957 

Synonym: None 


Host: Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 


Rhinichthys obtusus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 46%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus etheostomae Wellborn and Rogers, 1967 

Synonym: None 


Host: Etheostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 51%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus eucaliae Ikezaki and Hoffman, 1957 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 59%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Gyrodactylus freemani Hanek and Fernando, 1971 

Synonym: None 



Gyrodactylus funduli Hargis, 1955 

Synonym: None 


Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 38%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

191


Gyrodactylus goerani Hanek and Fernando, 1971 

Synonym: None 



Gyrodactylus margaritae Putz and Hoffman, 1963 

Synonym: None 


Host: Margariscus nachtriebi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 60%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus medius Kathariner, 1895 

Synonym: ?Gyrodactylus carpio 


Host: Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus nebulosus Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968 

Synonym: None 



Gyrodactylus spathulatus Mueller, 1936 

Synonym: None 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus stunkardi Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968 

Synonym: None 


Host: Etheostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Host: 



Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario 



Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario 


192



Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1974a; 1969; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Cottus cognatus: Dechtiar 1974b; 1969; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


44º48′50″/-82º27′58″ 

Etheostoma exile: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario 

Percina caprodes: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario 

Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea 

Synonym: ? 


Host: 


Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 

Notropis atherinoides: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/- 

82º1′0″ 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 56%; minp; Providence Bay and South Bay, Ontario 

Phoxinus eos: Bangham 1955; 12%; minp; Rogers Creek, llnk; McKimm Creek; llnk; near South Bay, 

Ontario 


Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 29%; minp; Lake Manitou River; llnk; White Lake on 

Manitoulin Island; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 21%; minp; South Bay; 69%; minp; Bass Lake, Ontario; llnk 


Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 56%; minp; South Bay, Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; Sheguandah Bay; 

llnk; Bass Lake; llnk; Long Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 49º31′59″/-86º49′59″ 

Esox masquinongy: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 


Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 24%; minp; South Bay; White Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 78%; minp; South Bay; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 75%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 73%; minp; Lake Huron bays associated with Manitoulin Island, 

lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 11%; minp; Thomas Bay, South Bay, Ontario 


193


Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 49%; minp; South Bay, North Channel, Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario 

Percina caprodes: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 49%; minp; South Bay, Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Mazocraeoidae Price, 1936 

Mazocraeoides olentangiensis Sroufe, 1958 

Synonym: Mazocraeoides similis Price, 1959 


Host: Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 46%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Pseudomurraytrematidae (Kritsky, Mizelle, and Bilquees, 1978) Beverley-Burton, 1984 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Dillon 1974; 1968-1971; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 




Synonym: None 





Synonym: None 


Host: 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 92%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Tetraonchus variabilis Mizelle and Webb, 1953 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar 1972b; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 70%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

194





Synonym: Caryophyllaeus terebrans of Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim); Glaridacris laruei of 



Host: 


Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 1951; 34%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; lakes on 


Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

Unidentified cestodaria 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 28%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 





Host: 


45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Bangham 1955; 13%; minp; Blue Jay Creek; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk 

Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 95%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, 

Ontario; llnk 

Eubothrium rugosum (Batsch, 1786) Nybelin, 1922 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 17%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 96%; 10; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″; 100%; 9; 


195


Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank; 1790) Nybelin; 1922 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Pyloric ceca; intestine 

Host: 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983, September-October 1984; 

pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″ 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 1%; 1; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan 

Salvelinus namaycush: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Lake Manitou on 

Manitoulin Island; llnk; South Baymouth, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall and Bowen 2000; May 1995; 98%; minp; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/- 






Synonym: None 


Host: 



Host: 


Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Etheostoma exile: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; South 

Bay, Ontario 

Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 51%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island; Ontario; llnk 





Site of Infection: Stomach, pyloric ceca, intestine 

Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 1%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; April 1984, April 1985, April 1986; 4%; 3; De Tour Village, 

Chippewa County, Michigan; 46º1′29″/-84º41′33″; 11%; 1; Point Lookout, northwest Saginaw Bay, 

Michigan; 44º2′59″/-83º34′46″ 


Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 40%; minp; North Channel, Ontario; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Cooper 1919; cdnp; pnp; minp; Giant’s Tomb Island; llnk; Georgian Bay, 

45º30′0″/-81º0′0″ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Loftus 1965; February and March 1963; pnp; minp; South Bay, 

Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Coregonus clupeaformis: French et al. 2005; 2001-2003; 24%; 1; eastern and southern portion of lake; llnk 


Coregonus hoyi: French et al. 2005; 52%; 5; eastern and southern portion of lake 

Coregonus hoyi: Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967; June-July 1965; 11%;





Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Loftus 1965; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Apollonia melanostoma: French et al. 2005; 20%; 2; eastern and southern portion of lake 



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Amia calva: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Amia calva: Cooper 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″ 


Corallobothrium fimbriatum Essex, 1927 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 71%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; 56%; minp; Bass 

Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 


Noturus flavus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario 

Corallotaenia minutia (Fritts, 1959) Befus and Freeman, 1973 

Synonym: Corallobothrium minutium Fritts, 1959 



Megathylacoides giganteum (Essex, 1928) Freze, 1965 

Synonym: Corallobothrium giganteum Essex, 1928 


Host: 


Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 67%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

198





Host: 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1951; 16%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; several lakes on 


Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas Bay, Ontario; 

45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 




Host: 


Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 65%; minp; Whitefish Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 28%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 18%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Proteocephalus fluviatilis Bangham, 1925 

Synonym: None 


Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Host: 


Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 90%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; Bass Lake; 

llnk; Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 


Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 


Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 68%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, west of South Baymouth, 

Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

199



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 9%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


82º27′58″ 


Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; South Bay; Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk 

Percina caprodes: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario 


Synonym: None 


Host: 




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 91%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/- 

82º25′0″; Sheguandah Bay; llnk; Bass Lake; llnk; Long Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 49º31′59″/- 

86º49′59″ 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 95%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Proteocephalus stizostethi Hunter and Bangham, 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 24%; minp; Mindemoya Lake; llnk; Whitefish Lake on Manitoulin 

Island, Ontario; 46º19′59″/-81º13′0″ 


200




Host: 

Petromyzon marinus: Wilson and Ronald 1967; 1961; 1962;





Synonym: None 


Host: 

Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Myoxocephalus thompsoni: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 20%; 1; Alpena, Michigan; 45º3′42″/-82º25′57″; 

6%; 1; Harbor Beach, Michigan; 43º50′30″/-82º38′29″ 



Host: 

Petromyzon marinus: Applegate 1950; June 1948; pnp; minp; Carp Creek; 45º30′30″/-84º5′0″; Ocqueoc 

River, Hammond Bay; 45º29′24″/-84º4′27″ 

Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; April 1984, April 1985, April 1986; 2%; 1; Carp River area, 

Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º1′29″/-84º41′33″; 10%; 2; De Tour Village, Chippewa County, Michigan; 

45º57′46″/-83º54′17″; 8%; 2; Hessel, Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º0′15″/-84º25′33″; 3%; 3; Point 

Lookout, northwest Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 44º2′59″/-83º34′46″ 


82º27′58″ 




Host: 


Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 14%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 14%; minp; South Bay, Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk 





Host: Myoxocephalus thompsoni: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 7%; 1; Alpena, Michigan; 45º3′42″/- 

82º25′57″; 2%; 1; Harbor Beach, Michigan; 43º50′30″/-82º38′29″ 

202





Site of Infection: Stomach wall 

Host: Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 47%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Diphyllobothrium laruei Vergeer, 1942 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Stomach, under peritoneum lining the flesh, “other viscera” 

Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Coregonus nigripinnis: Vergeer 1942; pnp; minp; lns 


Site of Infection: Stomach, pyloric ceca, intestinal wall 

Host: 


Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 55%; minp; North Channel; South Bay, west of South Baymouth, 

Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Coregonus hoyi: Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967; June-July 1965; 71%; 6; Thunder Bay, Michigan; 45º0′0″/- 

83º23′59″ 


pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″ 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Bangham 1955; 13%; minp; Blue Jay Creek; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County; 

Michigan 




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 




203


Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; South Bay; Ontario 




Schistocephalus solidus (Muller, 1776) Steenstrup, 1857 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Pungitius pungitius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 15%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: Diphyllobothrium sp. Cobbold, 1858 

Site of Infection: Stomach wall, among intestinal ceca 

Host: Lota lota: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; Alpena; 45º3′42″/-82º25′57″; Cheboygan, Michigan; 

45º39′52″/-84º26′8″ 

Remarks: Mongrain (1967) reared larvae of Sparganum pseudosegmentatum in hamsters and identified 

adults belonging to the genus Diphyllobothrium. 





Host: 





Host: 


Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 26%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 



204


Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 55%; minp; South Bay; several bays; llnk; lakes on Manitoulin 


Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 33%; H; lns; Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; South Bay; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; Manitoulin 

Island lakes, Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 


Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 







Cooper, 1919 


Host: 

Petromyzon marinus: Applegate 1950; June 1948; pnp; minp; Carp Creek; 45º30′30″/-84º5′0″; Ocqueoc 

River, Hammond Bay; 45º29′24″/-84º4′27″ 


Petromyzon marinus: McClain 1952; 1949-1950; actively feeding lampreys; 7%; minp; northern Lake 

Huron; llnk 

Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 77%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario 


Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 18%; minp; South Bay; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, 

Ontario; llnk 


Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 36%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario 






Cooper, 1919 


Host: Petromyzon marinus: McClain 1952; 1949-1950; upstream migrants;


Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988;









Host: 

Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 53%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/- 

82º25′0″; Sheguandah Bay; llnk; Bass Lake llnk; Long Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 49º31′59″/- 

86º49′59″ 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 42%; M; lns; Ontario 


Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 3%; L; M; South Bay, 

Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Esox lucius: Smith 1984; May 1979-June 1981; 92%; minp; Smoky Hollow; llnk; Wickett Lake on 

Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk; 67%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Esox lucius: Smith 1986; May-November 1979; May-November 1980; 78-100%; 12-206; Smoky Hollow 

Lake; llnk; 64-100%; 4-230; Wicket Lake; llnk; Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 

Micropterus dolomieu: Smith 1984; 50%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 



Synonym: None 


Host: 



Capillaria catostomi Pearse, 1924 

Synonym: Moravec (1987) considers Capillaria catostomi a synonym of Pseudocapillaria tomentosa; 

?Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Skrjabin and Schikhobalova, 1954 


Host: 

Cyprinus carpio: Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981; May 1975-May 1976; pnp; minp; southern Lake Huron, 

Ontario; llnk 

Cyprinus carpio x Carassius auratus: Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981; pnp; minp; southern Lake Huron, 

Ontario; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Bell and Beverley-Burton 1980; May-December 1975, April-May 1976; 66%freshly 

examined fish; 81% frozen examined fish, 10-freshly examined fish, 10-frozen examined fish; Point 

Edward, Ontario; 43º0′0″/-82º24′0″ 

Catostomus commersonii: Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981; pnp; minp; southern Lake Huron, Ontario 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981; pnp; minp; southern Lake Huron, Ontario 

Capillaria salvelini Polyanskii; 1952 


1953; Capillaria curilica Zhukov, 1960; Capillaria brevispicula sensu Moravec and Ergens, 1970, nec 

Linstow, 1873; Capillaria bakeri sensu Meyer, 1954, nec Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 


Host: 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983, September-October 

1984; 40%; 6; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″ 




South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 





Site of Infection: Stomach, small intestine 

Host: 



Perca flavescens: Rosinski et al. 1997; May and September/October 1992; pnp; minp; Au Gres (43º58'58"; 

83º39' 37"/10.1); pnp; minp; North Island (43º53'00", 83º26'00" /4.6); Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/- 

83º33′29″ 

Perca flavescens: Smedley 1934; 1933; pnp; minp; Grand Bend, Canada, 43º19′0″/-81º45′0″ 

Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Dichelyne robusta (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Petter, 1974 

Synonym: None 


Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 29%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Dichelyne sp. 


Host: Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Truttaedacnitis stelmioides (Vessichelli, 1910) Petter, 1974 

Synonym: Cucullanus stelmioides Vessichelli, 1910; Dacnitis stelmioides Vessichelli 

Site of Infection: Gills, gonads, liver, intestinal wall 

Host: Petromyzon marinus: Wilson and Ronald 1967; 1961, 1962; upstream migrants;


Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, 

Michigan 

Salvelinus fontinalis: Lankester and Smith 1980; 11%; 26; Burnt Island, Ontario; llnk 

Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; 

Ontario 


Synonym: Filaria stigmatura Leidy, 1886; Ancyracanthus cystidicola of Wright, 1879 not (Lamarck, 

1801); Cystidicola sp. of White 1940; Cystidicola farionis of Ward and Magath 1916 not (Fischer, 1798); 



Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Coregonus clupeaformis: Ko and Anderson 1969; cdnp; pnp; minp; South Baymouth, Ontario; 45º33′0″/- 

82º1′0″ 

Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 9%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Coregonus hoyi: Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967; June and July 1965; 85%; 17; Thunder Bay, Michigan; 

45º0′0″/-83º23′59″ 


Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario southern shore of Manitoulin 


Salvelinus namaycush: Black 1983; 1894; 50%; minp; lns; llnk 

Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario); 

Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namyacush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 4%; minp; primarily 



since 1925; the two Salvelinus namaycush examined by Black (1983) were collected before 1925; the 

above records of Cystidicola stigmatura in Coregonus spp. and Osmerus mordax may be erroneous since 

Salvelinus spp. are the only known hosts for Cystidicola stigmatura (see Black 1983). 

Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (Linstow, 1872) Moravec, 1981 

Synonym: Filaria ephemeridarum Leidy, 1872; Cystidicoloides tenuissima (Zeder, 1800) Rasheed, 1965; 

Sterliadochona tenuissima (Zeder, 1800); Metabronema salvelini (Fujita, 1920), Metabronema canadense 

Skinker, 1931; Cystidicoloides harwoodi (Chandler, 1931) 


212


Host: 



Oncorhynchus mykiss: Bangham 1955; 1951; 40%; minp; Blue Jay Creek; llnk; Manitou River; llnk; South 

Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario 



Salmo trutta: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario 

Salvelinus fontinalis: Bangham 1955; 69%; minp; Blue Jay Creek, Ontario 


Synonym: None 


Host: 


Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 1951; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 81%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, South Bay, Ontario 

Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 55%; minp; Ontario 

Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas Bay, Ontario; 

45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario 



Coregonus clupeaformis: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 

45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; southern shore of Manitoulin Island; llnk 




South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; and other locations; Ontario; llnk 


213




Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario 


Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario 






Host: Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 2%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

llnk 




Site of Infection: Intestine; body cavity, associated with testes, mesentery, and heart 

Host: 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 1951;


Philometroides nodulosa (Thomas, 1929) Dailey, 1967 

Synonym: Philometra nodulosa (Thomas, 1929) 

Site of Infection: Subcutaneous tissue of head 

Host: 






Synonym: None 


Host: 

Lota lota: Bangham 1955, 1951; 38%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario; 

45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 31%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Haplonema immutatum Ward and Magath, 1916 

Synonym: None 


Host: Amia calva: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Haplonema sp. 


Host: Myoxocephalus thompsoni: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 83%; 7; Alpena, Michigan; 45º3′42″/- 


Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin; 1946 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario, llnk 



215


Rhabdochona cascadilla Wigdor, 1918 

Synonym: Rhabdochona sp. of Bangham, 1941 (partim) and of Bangham and Venard, 1946 (partim) 


Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 75%; minp; Pleasant Creek; Ontario; llnk 


Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 19%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/- 

82º1′0″ 





Catostomus commersonii: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 

45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; southern shore of Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 




Etheostoma exile: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island or South Bay, Ontario 

Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 


Remarks: Dechtiar et al. (1988) lists Rhabdochona cascadilla occurring in the liver. 

Rhabdochona cotti Gustafson, 1949 

Synonym: None 


Host: Cottus bairdi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 



216




Host: 

Couesis plumbeus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Etheostoma exile: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 






Host: Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994, May 1990-July 1992; 5%; 4; Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 

43º45′0″/-83º33′29″ 





Host: 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 

Noturus flavus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 75%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Hysterothylacium sp. 


Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Remarks: Larvae of Contracaecum and Hysterothylacium are difficult to separate and undoubtedly have 

been misidentified as one another. 








gracillima Linstow, 1890; Hysterothylacium cayugensis Wigdor, 1918; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924; 

217


Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and Maplstone, 1926; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 

1872) Baylis, 1928; Raphidascaris canadensis Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris gracillima (Linstow, 1890) 

Markowski, 1933; Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937; Raphidascaris 

laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 1940 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Smith 1984; May 1979-June 1981; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Ictalurus punctatus: Smith 1984; 25%; minp; South Bay; Ontario 













Site of Infection: Liver, spleen (encysted) 

Host: 

Notropis heterolepis: Smith 1986; May-November 1979, May-November 1980; pnp; minp; Smoky Hollow 

Lake; llnk; Wickett Lake; llnk; Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 

Pimephales promelas: Smith 1986; pnp; minp; Smoky Hollow Lake; Wickett Lake, Manitoulin Island, 

Ontario 



Etheostoma exile: Smith 1986; pnp; minp; Wickett Lake, Manitoulin Island, Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; L-M; lns; Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Smith 1986; 97-100%; 34-243; Smoky Hollow Lake; 96-100%; 19-152; Wickett Lake, 

Manitoulin Island, Ontario, 

Raphidascaris sp. 

Site of Infection: Free in liver and encapsulated in liver, mesentery, and intestinal wall 

Host: Perca flavescens: Rosinski et al. 1997; May and September/October 1992; pnp; minp; The Black 

Hole (43º 48 06, 83º 51 42 /7.5); North Island (43º53'00", 83º26'00"/4.6); Au Gres (43º58'58", 83º39'37" 

/10.7); Fish Point (43º43'00", 83º33'30"/5.9); Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-83º33′29″ 

218




Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Encysted 

Host: Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 50%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Camallanus sp. 

Site of infecton: Liver, gonads 

Host: Petromyzon marinus: McClain 1952; 1949-1950; actively feeding lampreys; 10%; minp; northern 

Lake Huron; llnk; upstream migrants;



Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Site of cysts not given 

Host: 

Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1955, 1951, 33%, minp, South Bay, Ontario, 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1955, 4%, minp, North Channel, 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955, 8%, minp, Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario, llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955,



Spiroxys contortus (Rudolph, 1819) 

Synonym: None 


Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 13%; 1; 0.1; Saginaw 

River, Michigan; 43º38′49″/-83º51′1″ 

Spiroxys sp. 


Host: 

Notropis heterolepis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 8%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 

Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario 








Host: 

Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002, June 1995, 1%; 1; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 44º48′50″/- 

82º27′58″ 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 1951; 6%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Manitoulin Island lakes, 

Ontario; llnk 

Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915 and/or Philometridae Baylis and Daunney, 1926 

Redworm: Could be Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch, 1819) and/or Philometra cylindracea (Ward and 

Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934 

Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindracea Ward and Magath, 1916 for Philometra cylindraceum 

Site of Infection: Mesentery, body cavity 

Host: Perca flavescens: Fielder et al. 2000; 1989-1997; 63%; minp; Saginaw Bay, Michigan 


Agamonema sp. 

Synonym:? 

Site of Infection: ? 

Host: 


Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk) 


in fishes. 

Agamospirura sp. 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Remarks: Yorke and Maplestone (1926) define Agamospirura as a collective group for immature 

Spiruroidea. 

Unidentified Nematodes 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: Intestinal wall 

Host: Petromyzon marinus: Applegate 1950; 1947-1948;





Synonym: Echinorhynchus dirus Van Cleave, 1931; Acanthocephalus jacksoni Bullock, 1962, 



Host: 


82º1′0″ 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 22%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Oncorhynchus nerka: Collin and Dechtiar 1974; 15%; minp; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″; North 

Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, southern shore of Manitoulin Island; llnk 


Salmo trutta: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario 

Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 6%; minp; primarily South Bay; 45º33′0″/- 

82º1′0″; other locations, Ontario; llnk 


Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 41%; M; lns; Ontario 


Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario 





Echinorhynchus lateralis (Leidy, 1851) Golvan, 1969 

Synonym: Acanthocephlaus lateralis (Leidy, 1851) Petrochenko, 1956; Metechinorhynchus lateralis 

(Leidy, 1851) Golvan, 1969 


Host: Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Echinorhynchus leidyi (Van Cleave, 1924) Golvan, 1969 

Synonym: Echinorhynchus salvelini Linkins in Ward and Whipple, 1918; Metechinorhynchus leidyi (Van 

Cleave, 1924) Golvan, 1969 


223


Host: 

Petromyzon marinus: McClain 1952; 1949-1950; upstream migrants; pnp; minp; Ocqueoc River; 

45º29′24″/-84º4′27″; Presque Isle County, Michigan; 45º21′0″/-83º56′0″ 

Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955;


Osmerus mordax: Allison 1949; cdnp; pnp; minp; Tawas area; 44º16′0″/-83º28′59″; to Alpena, Michigan; 

45º3′42″/-82º25′57″ 

Osmerus mordax: Allison 1952; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1955; 72%; minp; North Channel; South Bay, Ontario 


Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario 

Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; April 1984, April 1985, April 1986; 77%; 5; Carp River area; 




Coregonus alpenae: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; North Channel, Ontario 



Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 69%; minp; North Channel, Ontario 



Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 38%; minp; North Channel; west of South Baymouth, Ontario; 45º33′0″/- 

82º1′0″ 


Coregonus hoyi: Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967; June-July 1965; 78%; 12; Thunder Bay, Michigan; 

45º0′0″/-83º23′59″ 


pnp; minp; Albany Creek; Chippewa County, Michigan 


Oncorhynchus mykiss: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; Blue Jay Creek; llnk; Manitou River; llnk; South Bay, 

Ontario 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario 


Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; southern shore of Manitoulin Island; llnk 


Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, 

Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″ 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 23%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario 


Salmo trutta: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; H; lns; Ontario 

Salvelinus namaycush: Bangham 1955; 83%; minp; South Bay; Lake Manitou of Manitoulin Island; llnk; 

South Baymouth, Ontario 

Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario 



Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

225




Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 82%; M; lns; Ontario 


Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 14%; minp; South Bay, North Channel, Ontario 



Yankee Reef; 44º28′59″/-83º33′29″ 



Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 



Host: 





Cleave, 1914 


Host: 

Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 23%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas Bay, Ontario; 

44º48′50″/-82º27′58″ 

Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; and/or South Bay, Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 41%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island; llnk 

Ambloplites rupestri: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 22%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 63%; minp; South Bay; Big Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; Thomas 

Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 


Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay and Thomas Bay, Ontario 


Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 75%; L; lns; Ontario 

Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 


Sander canadensis: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 37%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 

Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni Dechtiar, 1967 

Synonym: None 


Host: Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Neoechinorhynchus pungitius Dechtiar, 1971 

Synonym: None 


Host: 


Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar 1971a; 1968 and 1969; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 29%; M; lns; Ontario 

227


Pungitius pungitius: Dechtiar 1971a; 67%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 



82º27′58″ 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1971a; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario 


Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Muller, 1780), Hamann, 1892 

Synonym: Echinorhynchus tuberosus Zider, 1803 


Host: 


Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario 





Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; South Bay; Thomas Bay, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 



Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 38%; L; lns; Ontario 





Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 44%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 


Pungitius pungitius: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 




Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 




228


Neoechinorhynchus strigosus Van Cleave, 1919 

Synonym: None 


Host: 



Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 26%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 

45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 





Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 1951; 9%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 







Host: 





Neoechinorhynchus sp. 1 


Host: Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 22%; 2; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″; 20%; 2; 


229


Neoechinorhynchus sp. 2 


Host: Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 4%; 2; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″ 




Host: 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 1951; 4%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: None 


Host: 


Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 35%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 11%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario 


llnk 


45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 



Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario 

Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 


Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 18%; minp; lns; Ontario 











Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 6%; M; lns; Ontario 

230


Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario 


Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 40%; minp; South Bay; and/or Thomas Bay, Ontario; 45º49′59″/- 

82º25′0″ 






Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 27%; minp; Mindemoya Lake; llnk; Windfall Lake on Manitoulin Island, 

Ontario; llnk 




Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919; Echinorhynchus pachysomus; 

Echinorhynchus phoenix; Echinorhynchus inflatus; Echinorhynchus maraenae; Echinorhynchus murenae; 

Metechinorhynchus alpinus; Metechinorhynchus salmonis 


Host: Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 12%; 2; Alpena, Michigan; 45º3′42″/- 



Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919; Echinorhynchus pachysomus; 

Echinorhynchus phoenix; Echinorhynchus inflatus; Echinorhynchus maraenae; Echinorhynchus murenae; 

Metechinorhynchus alpinus; Metechinorhynchus salmonis 

Site of Infection: Encysted in mesentery, outside of liver, gonads and swim bladder 

Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1955; 1951; 32%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, 

Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; April 1984, April 1985, April 1986; 12%; 2; Carp River area, 





Remarks: Muzzall and Peebles (1988) reported that a few females of Echinorhynchus salmonis contained 

eggs. 



Host: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983, September- 

October 1984; pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″ 




Synonym: None 


232


Host: 

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983, September-October 

1984; pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″ 

Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 13%; 1; 0.1; Saginaw River, 

Michigan; 43º38′49″/-83º51′1″ 



Synonym: None 


Host: Percina caprodes: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Site of encystment not provided 

Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1955; 1951; 2%; minp; Northern Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, 

Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 









Site of Infection: Gill chambers 

Host: 





Actinobdella sp. 

Site of Infection: Under operculum 

Host: Catostomus commersonii: Bower and Woo 1977; 1975; 1%; 1; Sarnia, Ontario; 42º58′0″/-82º24′0″ 





Illinobdella elongata Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella moorei Meyer, 1940; Myzobdella lugubris Pearse, 1948; 

Myzobdella alba Meyer, 1940; Myzobdella moorei (Meyer, 1940) Meyer and Moore, 1954 

Site of Infection: Fins, body surface 

Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Myzobdella sp. 


Host: 


Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1951;





Host: Petromyzon marinus: Applegate 1950; 1947-1948; pnp; minp; Carp Creek, Hammond Bay; 

45º30′30″/-84º5′0″ 




Host: 







Argulus catostomi Dana and Herrick, 1837 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900 

Synonym: Argulus foliaceus Nettowich; Argulus pellucidus Wagler 

Site of Infection: Anal fin 

Host: Perca flavescens: Hudson and Bowen 2002; July 1994; 2001; pnp; minp; Quanicassee River, 

Saginaw Bay; 43º35′30″/-83º40′39″ 

Argulus sp. 


Host: 



45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


235






Host: 

Petromyzon marinus: Wilson and Ronald 1967; 1961, 1962; upstream migrants; 23%; 4; four tributaries in 

the Manitoulin Island-Bruce Peninsula area; llnk; lake stages; 10%; 3; five offshore areas of the Manitoulin 

Island-Bruce Peninsula area, Michigan; llnk 

Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 





45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 






Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario 






Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; M; lns; Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; South Bay, Ontario 



Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 24%; minp; South Bay; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

llnk 



caution. 

236


Ergasilus celestis Mueller, 1936 

Synonym: Ergasilus osburni Tidd and Bangham, 1945 


Host: Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 42%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 3%; 1; Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/- 

83º33′29″ 

Salvelinus namyacush: Hudson et al. 1994; June 1992, September 1992; 89%; L; Thunder Bay, Michigan; 

45º0′0″/-83º23′59″ 

Micropterus salmoides: Hudson et al. 1994; pnp; minp; Thunder Bay, Michigan 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; M; Lns; Ontario; llnk 


Sander vitreus: Muzzall and Haas 1998; September 1993, September 1994; 96%; 46; Inner Saginaw Bay; 

43º45′0″/-83º33′29″; 100%; 43; Outer Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-83º33′29″ 

Ergasilus megaceros Wilson, 1916 

Synonym: Ergasilus fragilis Mueller, 1936 

Site of Infection: Olfactory sac 

Host: Petromyzon marinus: Muzzall and Hudson 2004; May 2002; 2%; 1; Cheboygan River, Cheboygan 

County, Michigan; 45º39′22″/-84º27′55″ 


Synonym: Ergasilus caeruleus of Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim), Ergasilus sp. of Bangham and 



Host: 

Salvelinus namaycush: Hudson et al. 1994; June 1992, September 1992; pnp; minp; Thunder Bay, 

Michigan; 45º0′0″/-83º23′59″ 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Hudson et al. 1994;


Ergasilus versicolor Wilson, 1911 

Synonym: Ergasilus elegans Wilson, 1916 


Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; Thomas Bay, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″ 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Noturus flavus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario 


Ergasilus sp. 


Host: 


Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario 



Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1930) 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Dorsal, caudal, anal, pelvic and pectoral fins 

Host: 

Cyprinus carpio: Hudson and Bowen 2002; July 1994, 2001; 15%; 2; Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/- 

83º33′29″ 

Pimephales promelas: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 100%; 22; Saginaw Bay, Michigan 

Ictalurus punctatus: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 18%; 2; Saginaw Bay, Michigan 

Ambloplites rupestris: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 39%; 9; Saginaw Bay, Michigan 

Lepomis cyanellus: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 15%; 1; Saginaw Bay, Michigan 

Lepomis gibbosus: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 57-67%; 4-7; Saginaw Bay, Michigan 

Lepomis macrochirus: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 7%; 10; Saginaw Bay, Michigan 

Micropterus dolomieu: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 14%; 1; Saginaw Bay, Michigan 

Micropterus salmoides: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 33%; 1; Saginaw Bay, Michigan 

Perca flavescens: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 31-86%; 3-15; Saginaw Bay, Michigan 

Remarks: Neoergasilus japonicus is an exotic species. 

238


Lernaeidae Cobbold, 1879 

Lernaea cruciata (LeSeuer, 1824) 

Synonym: Lernaeocera cruciata 

Site of Infection: [External surface, muscle] 

Host: Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Ictalurus punctatus, Fundulus diaphanus, Ambloplites rupestris, 

Lepomis gibbosus, Micropterus salmoides, Perca flavescens: Hudson and Bowen 2002; July 1994, 2001; 

“common”; minp; Quanicassee River, Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º35′30″/-83º40′39″ 

Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 

Synonym: Lernaea elegans Leigh-Sharpe, 1925; Lernaeocerca esocina Hermann, 1783; Lernaea carasii 

Tidd, 1933; probably Lernaea ranae Stunkard and Cable, 1913 


Host: 

Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Ictalurus punctatus, Fundulus diaphanus menona, Ambloplites 

rupestris, Lepomis gibbosus, Micropterus salmoides, Perca flavescens: Hudson and Bowen 2002; July 

1994, 2001; “common”; minp; Quanicassee River, Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º35′30″/-83º40′39″ 





Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955 1951; 3%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk 


Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 27%; minp; several bays; llnk; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 

llnk 


Salmincola edwardsii (Olsson, 1869) Wilson, 1915 

Synonym: Lernaeopoda fontinalis Smith, 1874; for other synonyms, see Kabata (1969) 


Host: Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

239




Kessler, 1868; Lerneaopoda maraenae Olsson, 1877; Salmincola wisconsinensis Tidd and Bangham, 1945 

Site of Infection: Body surface, skin, gills 

Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 14%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; west of South Baymouth, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, 

Ontario 


Synonym: Achtheres corpulentus Kellicott, 1880; Salmincola corpulentus (Kellicott, 1880); Lernaeopoda 



Site of Infection: Branchial rim (beneath the operculum), external surface of the operculum, gills 

Host: 


Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 2%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 


Coregonus hoyi: Bowen and Stedman 1990; September 1985, October 1985; 21%; minp; Six Fathom Bank, 

Michigan; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″; 12%; minp; Au Sable Point, Michigan; 44º19′49″/-83º20′27″; 4%; minp; 

Harbor Beach, Michigan; 43º50′30″/-82º38′29″; 1%; minp; Goderich, Ontario; 43º43′59″/-81º42′0″ 


Salmincola inermis Wilson, 1911 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Gill cavities 

Host: Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 24%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, 

Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Salmincola siscowet (Smith, 1874) Wilson, 1915 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Base of fins, other areas of body 

Host: 

Salvelinus namaycush: Anderson 1993; 1988-1992; 15-73%; 1-5; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Anderson 1993; 33-90%; 1-11; South Bay, Ontario; few- 

70%; 6; Heywood Island, Ontario; llnk 

240




Host: Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 1951; 36%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″ 

Mollusca 


Anodontoides ferussacianus Lea, 1834 

Synonym: None 


Host: Petromyzon marinus: Wilson and Ronald 1967; 1961, 1962; upstream migrants; 12%; 2; four streams 

in the Manitoulin Island-Bruce Peninsula area; llnk; lake stages;

Table 15. Fishes by family from Lake Huron from which parasites were reported during 1914- 

2010 using parasite data from Table 14. References in parentheses following parasites refer to 


Petromyzontidae 

Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) 

Adult Digenea: Podocotyle lepomis, (Wilson and Ronald 1967) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum huronense, (Wilson and Ronald 1967); Diplostomum sp., 

(Bangham 1955) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus laruei, (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus sp., (Wilson and Ronald 1967); 

Triaenophorus crassus, (Wilson and Ronald 1967) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Applegate 1950); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955); 

Triaenophorus crassus, (Applegate 1950; Bangham 1955; McClain 1952); unidentified cestode, (Applegate 

1950) 

Adult Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis stelmoides, (Wilson and Ronald 1967) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus sp., (McClain 1952); unidentified nematode, (Applegate 1950) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (McClain 1952); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Applegate 

1950; Bangham 1955; McClain 1952; Wilson and Ronald 1967) 

Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Applegate 1950) 

Mollusca: Glochidia of Anodontides ferussacianus, (Wilson and Ronald 1967) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Wilson and Ronald 1967); Ergasilus megaceros, (Muzzall and Hudson 

2004) 

Acipenseridae 


Adult Digenea: Skrjabinopsolus manteri, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum lintoni, (Bangham 1955; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Monogenea: Diclybothrium armatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diclybothrium hamulatum, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Amiidae 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Macroderoides typicus, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 

1955) 

242


Adult Cestoda: Haplobothrium globuliforme, (Bangham 1955; Cooper 1914); Proteocephalus perplexus, 

(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Haplonema immutatum, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 


Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Clupeidae 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Diplostomum sp., (Muzzall 1994); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); 

Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum sp., (Muzzall 1994) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Muzzall 1994) 

Dorosoma cepedianum (gizzard shad) 

Microspora: Glugea cepedianae, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Mazocraeoides olentangiensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Cyprinidae 

Carassius auratus (goldfish) 

Copepoda: Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen 2002) 

Couesius plumbeus (lake chub) 

Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Octomacrum semotili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Gyrodactylus couesius, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona canadensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


243




1955) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus anchoratus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Dactylogyrus extensus, (Bangham 1955; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii, (Dechtiar 1971b; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus 

medius, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catostomi, (Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 

2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Hudson and Bowen 2002) 

Cyprinus carpio x Carassius auratus (common carp-goldfish hybrid) 

Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catostomi, (Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981) 


Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Myxozoa: Thelohanellus notatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum cooperi, 

(Bangham 1955); Plagioporus cooperi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955); 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus cornutus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Dactylogyrus pollex, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Octomacrum microconfibula, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhabdochona 

decaturensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Margariscus nachtriebi (northern pearl dace) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus margaritae, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988) 

Nocomis biguttatus (hornyhead chub) 

Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1955); Plagioporus sinitsini, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 

1955) 

244


Notemigonus crysoleucas (golden shiner) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 

1955) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus aureus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, 

(Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Myxozoa: Unidentified, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, 


Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 


Notropis heterodon (blackchin shiner) 


1955) 

Notropis heterolepis (blacknose shiner) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, 

(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955); 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus heterolepis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloides sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955; 


Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Smith 1986); Spiroxys sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et 

al. 1988) 


Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus bartai, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus burti, (Cone et al. 2004; Cone and Marcogliese 

2010); Myxobolus grandis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Thelohanellus 

notatus, (Beis and Cone 1990; Cone et al. 2004); Zschokkella sp., (Cone et al. 2004) 

Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1955); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1955); 

Bucephalus sp., (Bangham 1955); Lissorchis sp., (Bangham 1955); Plagioporus cooperi, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Centrovarium lobotes, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., 

(Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus 

sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927) 

245


Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Octomacrum semotili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1955); 

Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 

1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 


Notropis rubellus (rosyface shiner) 



Notropis volucellus (mimic shiner) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham 1955); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955) 

Phoxinus eos (northern redbelly dace) 


1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Monogenea: Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

Phoxinus neogaeus (finscale dace) 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus conspicuous, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, 

(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus chrosomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 



Myxozoa: Thelohanellus notatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Mavor 1916); unidentified myxosporidia, 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum 

spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955); 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus bifurcatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 


246


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 

1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus bifurcatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Smith 1986) 

Copepoda: Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002) 


Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, 

(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus atratuli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Gyrodactylus dechtiari, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona canadensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Rhinichthys obtusus (western blacknose dace) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., 


Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus dechtiari, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Semotilus atromaculatus (creek chub) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus pendula, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); unidentified myxosporidia, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus 

sp., (Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Cleidodiscus brachus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Dactylogyrus attenuatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Dactylogyrus lineatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona canadensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 

1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


247


Catostomidae 

Carpiodes cyprinus (quillback) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus rotundum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 



Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); unidentified myxosporidia, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Lissorchis simeri, (Bangham 1955); 

Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Bangham 1955); Diplostomum spathaceum, 

(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955) 

Monogenea: Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pellucidhaptor catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988); Octomacrum lanceatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar and Dillon 


Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cestodaria, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Philometroides nodulosa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Bangham 1955); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 

1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Neoechinorhynchus cristatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus strigosus, (Bangham 1955); 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannualata, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 

1988) 


Mastigophora: Cryptobia catostomi, (Bower and Woo 1977); Trypanoplasma borreli, (Mavor 1916) 

Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); unidentified myxosporidia, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Bangham 1955; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988); Plagioporus sinitsini, (Bangham 1955); Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Bangham 1955); Diplostomum spathaceum, 

(Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar 

1974); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927) 

Monogenea: Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Octomacrum lanceatum, (Bangham 1955; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988) 

248


Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus 

nodulosus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Capillaria bakeri, (Bangham 1955); Capillaria catostomi, (Bell and Beverley-Burton 

1980; Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981); Philometroides huronensis, (Uhazy 1976); Philometroides 

nodulosa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Echinorhynchus leidyi, 

(Bangham 1955); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974); 

Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus cristatus, 

(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus strigosus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Octospinifer 

macilentus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955; Collins 

and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannulata, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Actinobdella sp., (Bower 

and Woo 1977) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Moxostoma macrolepidotum (shorthead redhorse) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus duquesni, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pellucidhaptor sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Ictaluridae 


Myxozoa: Henneguya exilis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1955); Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1955; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988); Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham 1955); Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham 1955; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988); Glossidium geminum, (Bangham 1955); Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Bangham 1955; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham 1955); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum 

sp., (Bangham 1955); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927) 

Monogenea: Ligictaluridus monticellii, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Gyrodactylus nebulosus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Corallotaenia minutia, 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus pearsei, 


Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne robusta, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955) 

249


Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1955) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) 

Adult Digenea: Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Azygia angusticauda, 

(Bangham 1955); Alloglossidium corti, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Microphallus opacus, 



1955) 

Monogenea: Ligictaluridus floridanus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Cestoda: Megathylacoides giganteum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955) 


Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 

2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen 2002) 

Noturus flavus (stonecat) 

Monogenea: Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Esocidae 


Myxozoa: Myxidium lieberkuhnii, (Mavor 1916) 

Adult Digenea: Azygia longa, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


1955); Uvulifer ambloplites, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955); Tetraonchus 

monenteron, (Dechtiar 1972b; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus crassus, 

(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Raphidascaris 

acus, (Smith 1984, 1986; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

250



Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955); 

Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955); 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1955) 

Copepoda: Argulus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Esox masquinongy (muskellunge) 


Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955) 

Umbridae 



Adult Digenea: Bunoderina eucaliae, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Creptotrema funduli, 

(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Phyllodistomum brevicecum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955) 

Osmeridae 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Muzzall and Peebles 

1988; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and 

Dechtiar 1974) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Peebles 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1988); Protoecephalus sp., (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988; Muzzall and Peebles 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Collins and Dechtiar 

1974) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Capillaria sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1988); Cystidicola sp., (Muzzall and 

Peebles 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955); Philometra sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Echinorhynchus salmonis, 

(Allison 1949, 1952; Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Peebles 

1988); Neoechinorhynchus pungitius, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Collins and 

Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

251


Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Muzzall and Peebles 1988); 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955) 

Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Salmonidae 

Coregonus alpenae (longjaw chub/cisco) 


Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955) 


Myxozoa: Henneguya zschokkei, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); unidentified myxospora, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


1955); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Hughes 1928; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham 1955); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Proteocephalus exiguus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus laruei, (Bangham 1955; 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium ditremum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diphyllobothrium laruei, 

(Vergeer 1942); Diphyllobothrium sp., (Bangham 1955); Triaenophorus crassus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar 

et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955) 

Copepoda: Argulus sp., (Bangham 1955); Salmincola extensus, (Bangham 1955); Salmincola extumescens, 

(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Salmincola inermis, (Bangham 1955) 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Phyllodistomum coregoni, (Dechtiar 

et al. 1988) 


Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Diplostomum sp. or Tylodelphys sp., (La Rue et al. 1926); 

Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Bangham 1955; Cooper 1919; Dechtiar and Loftus 1965; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988; French et al. 2005); Proteocephalus exiguus, (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus laruei, 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus 

crassus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

252


Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catostomi, (Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988; Lankester and Smith 1980); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 

Ko and Anderson 1969); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, 

(Collins and Dechtiar 1974) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 

1955); Philometra sp., (Bangham 1955) 


(Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Collins 

and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Salmincola extumescens, (Bangham 1955; 



Adult Digenea: Unidentified digenean, (Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967); Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988) 


1955); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; French et al. 2005; Lundahl and 

Hoeberling 1967); Proteocephalus exiguus, (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus laruei, (Bangham 1955); 

Proteocephalus sp., (Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Lundahl and 

Hoeberling 1967); Triaenophorus crassus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham 1955; Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967) 


1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Salmincola extensus, (Bangham 1955); Salmincola extumescens, (Bowen and Stedman 1990) 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (pink salmon) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall and 

Peebles 1986) 


Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 




Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

253



Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lachancei, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Dextrase 1987); Cystidicoloides 

ephemeridarum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Oncorhynchus nerka (kokanee, sockeye salmon) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catenata, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cystidicola 

farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Cystidicoloides 

ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 

1988); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus pungitius, 

(Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 

(Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 




Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicola farionis, (Muzzall and 

Peebles 1986) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Haplonema sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986) 




Prosopium coulteri (pygmy whitefish) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Hughes 1928) 

254



Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Bangham 1955); Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Bangham 1955); Tetraonchus variabilis, (Dechtiar 1972b; Dechtiar et 

al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; French et al. 2005); Proteocephalus 

exiguus, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus crassus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, 


Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham 1955); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra sp., (Bangham 1955) 


Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 

et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994); Salmincola extensus, (Bangham 1955); Salmincola 

extumescens, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Salmincola sp., (Bangham 1955) 


Adult Nematoda: Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar 

et al. 1988) 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Phyllodistomum lachancei, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988) 


1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall and Bowen 2000); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 

1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus lateralis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Copepoda: Salmincola edwardsii, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974) 


Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955; Muzzall and Bowen 2000); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and 

Dechtiar 1974) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Bangham 1955; Muzzall and Bowen 2000) 

255


Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Bowen 2000); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Black 1983) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Echinorhynchus 

salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Bowen 2000); Neoechinorhynchus sp., 

(Muzzall and Bowen 2000) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Hudson et al. 

1994); Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994); Salmincola siscowet, (Anderson 1993) 

Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush (splake) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Collins and Dechtiar 1974) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978); Diplostomum 

spathaceum, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and 

Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar and 

Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diphyllobothrium sp., (Dechtiar 

and Berst 1978); Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus 

nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Capillaria salvelini, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Lankester and 

Smith 1980); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978); Spinitectus 

gracilis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhabdochona sp., 

(Dechtiar and Berst 1978) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978); Salmincola 

siscowet, (Anderson 1993) 

Percopsidae 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus procercum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum isostomum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, 

(Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., 

(Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus 

intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1955); 

Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927) 

256


Monogenea: Urocleidus baldwini, (Dechtiar 1974a; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 

1974a; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus formosus, (Bangham 1955); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (French et al. 

2005) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Spinitectus 

gracilis, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Collins and Dechtiar 

1974) 

Larval/immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Neoechinorhynchus sp., 

(Bangham 1955); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955) 


Copepoda: Argulus sp., (Bangham 1955); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 


Gadidae 


Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall et al. 2003); Epistylis sp., (Muzzall et al. 2003) 



1955; Muzzall et al. 2003); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham 1955); Eubothrium rugosum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; 

Muzzall et al. 2003); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall et al. 2003) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955); Sparganum pseudosegmentatum, 

(Vergeer 1942); unidentified plerocercoid, (Muzzall et al. 2003) 

Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Haplonema hamulatum, 

(Bangham 1955; Muzzall et al. 2003) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Bangham 

1955); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall et al. 2003); 

Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955); 

Neoechinorhynchus spp., (Muzzall et al. 2003); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955); 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Copepoda: Ergasilus celestis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

257


Fundulidae 




(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Tylodelphy scheuringi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Salsuginus fundulus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus funduli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen 2002) 



Microspora: Glugea anomala, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Bunoderina eucaliae, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum baeri eucaliae, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum 

(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp. (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp. (Bangham 1955); 

Posthodiplostomum minimum (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus eucalius, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus eucaliae, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 



Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Agamospirura sp., (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus pungitius, 

(Dechtiar 1971a; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Gasterosteus aculeatus (threespine stickleback) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994) 


Microspora: Glugea anomala, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Monogenea: Gyrodactyluls eucaliae, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (French et al. 2005) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Schistocephalus solidus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus pungitius, 

(Dechtiar 1971a; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994); Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

258


Cottidae 


Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum undulans, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar 1974b; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus bairdi, (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Schistocephalus solidus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cotti, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar 

et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988) 



Ciliophora: Epistylis sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Trichodina sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002) 

Microspora: Pleistophora sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus cognati, (Muzzall and Bowen 2002) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Muzzall and Bowen 2002) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Muzzall 

and Bowen 2002) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar 1974b; Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 

1974b; Muzzall and Bowen 2002) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Muzzall 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Haplonema hamulatum, 

(Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Rhabdochona sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall and Bowen 2000); Neoechinorhynchus 

pungitius, (Muzzall and Bowen 2002) 

Cottus ricei (spoonhead sculpin) 

Ciliophora: Ichthyopthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988) 

259


Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar 

et al. 1988) 



Myoxocephalus thompsonii (deepwater sculpin) 

Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall et al. 1997) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall et al. 1997); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall 

et al. 1997) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall et al. 1997) 

Moronidae 

Morone chrysops (white bass) 

Ciliophora: Capriniana sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Allacanthochasmus artus, 

(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Allacanthochasmus varius, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


1955) 

Monogenea: Onchocleidus chrysops, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1955) 


Centrarchidae 



Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum cornutum, 

(Bangham 1955); Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham 1955); Proterometra macrostoma, (Bangham 1955); 

Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham 1955) 


Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., 

(Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Uvulifer 

ambloplitis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927) 

Monogenea: Lyrodiscus minimus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Lyrodiscus rupestris, (Dechtiar 1973; Dechtiar et 

al. 1988); Onchocleidus chautauquaensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Urocleidus alatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Gyrodactylus goerani, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

260


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 


Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955); Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 

1955); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus 

gracilis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, 

(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1955) 

Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson 

and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen 

2002); Achtheres pimelodi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) 




(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham 1955); Proterometra macrostoma, 





ambloplitis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proalaria huronensis, (La 

Rue 1927) 

Monogenea: Actinocleidus recurvatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cleidodiscus robustus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Haplocleidus dispar, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Onchocleidus ferox, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, 


Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Protoecephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 


Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham 1955) 


(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Copepoda: Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 

2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen 2002) 

261





Myxozoa: Unidentified myxosporidia, (Bangham 1955) 


(Bangham 1955); Azygia angusticaudum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhipidocotyle papillosum, (Bangham 

1955); Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Phyllodistomum lohrenzi, (Dechtiar et 

al. 1988); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham 1955) 




ambloplitis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Clavunculus bursatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Haplocleidus dispar, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Leptocleidus megalonchus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Syncleithrium fusiformis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Tetracleidus banghami, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Acolpenteron ureteroectes, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 


Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus 

fluviatilis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Raphidascaris 

acus, (Smith 1984); Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Dichelyne 

cotylophora, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988) 


Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, 

(Bangham 1955); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Leptorhynchoides 

thecatus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson 

and Bowen 2002); Achtheres pimelodi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1955); Azgia angusticaudum, (Bangham 1955); 

Caecincola parvulus, (Bangham 1955); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927) 

Monogenea: Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham 

1955); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1955) 

262



(Bangham 1955); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Hudson et al. 1994); Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994); 

Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); 

Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen 2002) 

Pomoxis annularis (white crappie) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 



1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Monogenea: Tetracleidus capax, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Tetracleidus longus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Protoeocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Percidae 


Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp., 


Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus formosus, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: ?Hymenolepis sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 

1955); Rhabdochona sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1955) 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1955); Crepidostomum isostomum, (Bangham 1955; 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955); 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 


Monogenea: Gyrodactylus etheostomae, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus stunkardi, (Dechtiar et al. 

1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955) 

263


Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus formosus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne sp., (Bangham 1955); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, 

(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 



Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Trichodina urinaria, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Myxozoa: Henneguya doori, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Bunodera sacculata, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum cooperi, 

(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum farionis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Azygia 

angusticauda, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1955); Centrovarium 

lobotes, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Phyllodistomum superbum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955); 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955); Apophallus brevis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus adspectus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus freemani, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 


Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar and Loftus 1965; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955); Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 


Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Rosinski et al. 1997); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham 1955; 

Dechtiar et al. 1988; Rosinski et al. 1997; Smedley 1934); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955; Collins 

and Dechtiar 1974); Philometra cylindracea, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Rosinski et al. 1997; 

Starr 1989; Fielder et al. 2000); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Smith 1986); Raphidascaris sp., 

(Rosinski et al. 1997); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Allison 1966; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Rosinski et al. 1997; 

Salz 1989; Fielder et al. 2000); Spiroxys sp., (Bangham 1955); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1955) 


(Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, 

(Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus pungitius, (Dechtiar 1971a; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1955; Collins and 

Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 


Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

264


Copepoda: Argulus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Collins and Dechtiar 

1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoergasilus japonicus, 

(Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson 



Myxozoa: Myxobolus scleroperca, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927) 

Monogenea: Aethycteron malleus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); 


Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pearsei, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 


Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham 1955) 




Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall and Haas 1998) 

Adult Digenea: Bucephalopsis pusilla, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Woodhead 1930); 

Bucephalidae, (Muzzall and Haas 1998); Sanguinicola occidentalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, 

(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955; Muzzall and Haas 1998) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus aculeatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Haas 1998); Gyrodactyloidea, 


Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Haas 

1998); Proteocephalus stizostethi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus stizostedionis, 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall and Haas 1998) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Dichelyne 

cotylophora, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus sp., (Bangham 1955) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Muzzall and Haas 1998) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 


Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1955) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus confusus, (Bangham 1955); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ergasilus 

luciopercarum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Haas 1998) 

265


Gobiidae 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b); Digenea gen. sp., 

(Kvach and Stepien 2008b) 

Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (French et al. 2005) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra sp., (Kvach and Stepien 2008b); Spiroxys contortus, (Kvach and 

Stepien 2008b) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b) 


group reported for five major fish families from Lake Huron during 1914-2010. Parasite group 

abbreviations are Ci (Ciliophora), My (Myxozoa), Dt (Digenea), Mo (Monogenea), Ce (Cestoda), 

Ne (Nematoda), Ac (Acanthocephala), Hi (Hirudinea), Co (Copepoda), and Mol (Mollusca). If a 

parasite in a group did not infect fish, the parasite group was not included in the table. 




(3) 

Catostomidae 2 

(4) 

2 

(4) 

6 

(9) 

2 

(4) 

Centrarchidae 0 0 1 

(2) 

Percidae 0 2 

(3) 

2 

(3) 

Salmonidae 0 0 1 

(2) 

15 

(23) 

10 

(23) 

16 

(31) 

18 

(28) 

7 

(14) 

22 

(33) 

7 

(16) 

16 

(31) 

7 

(11) 

2 

(4) 

266 

2 

(3) 

3 

(7) 

4 

(8) 

10 

(15) 

9 

(18) 

8 

(12) 

5 

(11) 

7 

(14) 

9 

(14) 

12 

(24) 

5 

(8) 

9 

(21) 

5 

(10) 

7 

(11) 

9 

(18) 

0 5 

(8) 

1 

(2) 

1 

(2) 

1 

(2) 

1 

(2) 

2 

(4) 

1 

(1) 

1 

(2) 

0 1 

(2) 

7 

(11) 

9 

(18) 

1 

(2) 

66 

44 

51 

64 

0 50


in five major fish families from Lake Huron, 1914-2010. 


Cyprinidae 1.0000 0.1473 0.1165 0.2038 

Catostomidae 0.1473 1.0000 0.1518 0.0869 

Salmonidae 0.1165 0.1518 1.0000 0.1145 


Percidae 0.2403 0.1797 0.1789 0.2872 

ST. CLAIR SYSTEM (ST. CLAIR RIVER, LAKE ST. CLAIR, 

DETROIT RIVER) 

The St. Clair system consists of the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and the Detroit River. Water 

flows through this system from Lake Huron into Lake Erie via the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, 

and the Detroit River. 

St. Clair River—Results and Discussion 

The only two studies published on the parasites of fish from the St. Clair River (Muzzall et al. 

1995; Pronin et al. 1997) were on one species, Apollonia melanostoma and 10 parasite species (1 

Ciliophora, 1 Myxozoa, 3 larval Digenea, 1 immature Cestoda, 1 larval Cestoda, 2 larval 

Nematoda, glochidia of unidentified Mollusca) were found (Table 10). Most of the helminth 

species (Rhipidocotyle sp., Clinostomum complanatum, Diplostomum spathaceum, Diplostomum 

sp., Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Scolex pleuronectis, Raphidascaris acus, Eustrongylides tubifex) 

were larval stages encysted in non-intestinal sites. Rhipidocotyle sp., P. ambloplitis, and 

Raphidascaris acus mature in fish. Clinostomum complanatum, Diplostomum spathaceum, 

Diplostomum sp., and Eustrongylides tubifex mature in piscivorous birds. Parasite data on 

Apollonia melanostoma from the St. Clair River are in Table 19. 

Lake St. Clair—Results and Discussion 

Eleven studies from 1895 through 2010 have been published on the parasites of fish from Lake 

St. Clair (Ward 1895; La Rue 1914; Ward and Magath 1916; Appy and Cone 1982; Muzzall et al. 

1995; Pronin et al. 1997; Synnestvedt 1997; Thomas and Haas 2004; Kvach and Stepien 2008b; 

Cone et al. 2004; Cone and Marcogliese 2010). The only fish species examined for parasites from 

this lake were Acipenser fulvescens, Amia calva, Notropis hudsonius, Coregonus artedi, C. 

clupeaformis, Salvelinus namaycush, Micropterus dolomieu, Micropterus sp., Perca flavescens, 

267

Percina caprodes, Sander vitreus, Apollonia melanostoma, Proterorhinus marmoratus, and 

“several fish species.” 

Thirty species of parasites (3 Ciliophora, 2 Myxozoa, 1 adult Digenea, 3 larval Digenea, 1 adult 

Cestoda, 1 larval Cestoda, 7 adult Nematoda, 5 immature/larval Nematoda, 1 immature 

Nematoda, 1 adult Acanthocephala, 3 immature Acanthocephala, 2 Hirudinea) have been reported 

from fish in this lake (Table 18). Three of the studies only reported on the parasites of Apollonia 

melanostoma (13 species) and Proterorhinus marmoratus (11 species). Neochasmus umbellus, 

Proteocephalus sp., Raphidascaris acus, Spinitectus sp., Philometra sp., Neoechinorhynchus 

tumidus, and Leptorhynchoides thecatus mature in fish. Spiroxys contortus and Spiroxys sp. 

mature in turtles. Diplostomum spathaceum, Diplostomum sp., Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, 

Contracaecum sp., and Eustrongylides tubifex mature in birds. The fish hosts from Lake St. Clair 

with their parasites are detailed in Table 19. 

Thomas and Haas (2004) collected 61 fish species plus one hybrid (Cyprinus carpio x Carassius 

auratus) in American waters of Lake St. Clair from 1996-2001. Only five of these species 

(Acipenser fulvescens, Coregonus clupeaformis, Micropterus salmoides, Perca flavescens, 

Proterorhinus marmoratus) have been examined for parasites. Coregonus artedi, Amia calva, and 

Apollonia melanostoma examined for parasites in earlier studies were not collected by Thomas 

and Haas (2004). 

Detroit River—Results and Discussion 

Only one study (Marcogliese 2008) has reported on the parasites of a fish species from the Detroit 

River. He found the Asian fish tapeworm (Bothriocephalus acheilognathi) infecting one 

Pimephales promelas (Table 18). In an unpublished personal observation, two species of 

Myxobolus were found infecting Notropis atherinoides (PM, Michigan State University, personal 

observation, 2008). The fish hosts with their parasites from the Detroit River are documented in 

Table 19. 

All the parasite species reported from the St. Clair system have been found in Lakes Huron and 

Erie, except for Scolex pleuronectis occurring in the St. Clair River, Neochasmus umbellus in 

Lake St. Clair, and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in the Detroit River. Also, N. umbellus has not 

been reported from Lake Huron. 

268

Table 18. Parasites reported in fishes from the St. Clair River, Lake St Clair, and Detroit River, 

1895-2010. Host documentation, in order, consists of references, when observed (cdnp = 

collection date not provided), prevalence defined as the percentage (%) of fish infected (pnp = 

prevalence not provided), mean intensity defined as the mean number of parasites per infected 

fish (minp = mean intensity not provided), mean abundance defined as the mean number of 

parasites per examined fish, location (lns = location not specified), latitude and longitude (llnk = 

latitude/location not known). 

ST CLAIR RIVER 



Apiosoma sp. 


Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 20%; “few”; Port Huron, Michigan; 

42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′; 10%; “few”; Marine City, Michigan; 42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′ 



Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli Naidenova, 1970 

Synonym: None 


Host: Apollonia melanstoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 25%; “few”; Port Huron, Michigan; 

42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′ 

Remarks: Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli is an exotic species reported for the first time in North America by 

Pronin et al. (1977). 



Rhipidocotyle sp. 


Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 10%; 1; Marine City, Michigan; 

42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′ 

269




Synonym: Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Braun 1899; ?Clinostomum gracile of Stafford 


Site of Infection: Mucosa of oral cavity 

Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; 1; Marine City, Michigan; 42°43′10′′/- 

82°29′31′′ 

Remarks: Dzikowski et al. (2004) reported Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum were 




Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1833 of Cooper 

(1915) 



42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′; 65%; 2; Port Huron, Michigan; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′ 



Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; July and August 1994; 11%; 2; Marine City, Michigan; 

42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′ 







42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′; 5%; 1; Port Huron, Michigan; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′ 


Scolex pleuronectis Muller, 1788 

Synonym: ? 



42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′ 

Remarks: Scolex pleuronectis is an exotic species reported for the first time from North America by Pronin 

et al. (1997). 

270

















Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 10%; 1; Marine City; 42°43′10′′/- 

82°29′31′′; 15%; 2; Port Huron, Michigan; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′ 

Remarks: Pronin et al. (1997) refered to this nematode as Raphidascaris sp. in the article. 



Synonym: None 


Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; 4; Marine City; 42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′; 

10%; 1; Port Huron, Michigan; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′ 




Synonym: ? 


Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; July and August 1994; 1%; minp; Marine City, 

Michigan; 42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′ 

271


LAKE ST CLAIR 



Apiosoma sp. 


Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; “few”; Marine City; 42°43′10′′/- 

82°29′31′′; Port Huron, Michigan; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′ 

Chilodonellidae Deroux, 1970 

Chilodonella sp. 


Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; “few”; Lake St. Clair, Michigan; 

42°25′0′′/-82°39′59′′ 




Host: Proterohinus marmoratus: Muzzall et al. 1995; August and September; 1994; 2%; minp; Anchor 

Bay, Michigan; 42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′ 






Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; July 1994; 20%; minp; Beller River Beach (42º30’N, 

82º47’W); Cone and Marcogliese 2010, same infection data and information as in Cone et al. 2004 


Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli Naidenova, 1970 

Synonym: None 


272


Host: 

Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 25%; “few”; Port Huron; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′; 

17%; “few”; Lake St. Clair, Michigan; 42°25′0′′-82°39′59′′ 

Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; 5%; “few”; Lake St. Clair, Michigan 

Remarks: Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli is an exotic species reported for the first time from North America by 

Pronin et al. (1997). 



Unidentified Trematodes 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: Not reported 

Host: “Several fish species”: Ward 1895; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan; llnk 



Neochasmus umbellus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Brain, eye, muscle 

Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 7%; 2; 0.1; Clinton 

River mouth, Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′ 



Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1833 of Cooper 

(1915) 


Host: 

Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 20%; 3.7; 0.7; Clinton River 

mouth, Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′ 

Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 34%; 6; south of Clinton River mouth, Michigan; 

42°35′41′′/-82°46′31” 



Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; August and September 1994; 89%; 10; Anchor Bay; 

42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′; Huron Point; 42°25′0′′/-82°38′59′′; Middle Channel, Michigan; 42°35′23′′/-82°38′34′′ 

273



Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802) Odening, 1969 

Synonym: Tetracotyle diminuta Hughes, 1928 


Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 34%; 1; south of Clinton River mouth, 

Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′ 

Remarks: Pronin et al. (1997) stated their report of Ichthyocotylurus pileatus was the first one from North 

America; however, Dechtiar and Lawrie (1988) reported Ichthyocotylurus pileatus from Perca flavescens 

and Sander vitreus from Lake Superior. 


Digenea gen. sp. 

Synonym: ? 




Adult Cestoda (Adult Cestodes) 

Proteocephalidae La Rue 1911 




Host: 

Amia calva: La Rue 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: La Rue 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 


Unidentified cestodes 

Synonym: ? 







Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; 1; south of Clinton River mouth, 

Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′ 

274



Scolex pleuronectis Muller, 1788 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 17%; 1; south of Clinton River mouth, 

Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′ 

Remarks: Scolex pleuronectis is an exotic species reported for the first time from North America by Pronin 

et al. (1997). 

Nematoda (Adult Nematodes) 





Site of Infection: Stomach 

Host: Micropterus sp.: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 






Host: 

Perca flavescens: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Sander vitreus: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns 




Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 



Synonym: Filaria stigmatura Leidy, 1886; Ancyracanthus cystidicola of Wright, 1879 not Lamarck, 1801; 

Cystidicola sp. of White 1940; Cystidicola farionis of Ward and Magath 1917 not Fischer, 1798; 

Cystidicola cristivomeri White and Cable, 1942 


Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns 

275


Salvelinus namaycush: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns 


since 1925; the above records of Cystidicola stigmatura in Coregonus spp. maybe erroneous since Black 

(1983) stated that Salvelinus spp. are the only known hosts for Cystidicola stigmatura. 


Philometra cylindraceum (Ward and Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934 

Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindraceum Ward and Magath 1916 

Site of Infection: Abdominal cavity 

Host: Perca flavescens: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 


Synonym: Haplonematidae Sudarikova and Ryzikov, 1952 

Haplonema immutatum Moulton, 1931 

Synonym: None 


Host: Amia calva: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 



Synonym: None 


Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; August and September 1994; 21%; 4; Anchor Bay; 

42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′; Huron Point; 42°25′0′′/-82°39′59′′; Middle Channel, Michigan; 42°35′23′′/-82°38′34′′ 


Unidentified nematode 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: Not provided 


Larval/Immature Nematoda 



Site of Infection: Encysted in liver 

Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Muzzall et al. 1995; June and August 1994; 4%; 2; Goosebay, Michigan; 

42°35′4′′/-82°40′44′′ 

276



Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790: 


mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel., 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779); Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata 

Zeder, 1800; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800); Fusaria redii Zeder, 1800; Ascaris dentata 




Hysterothylacium cayugensis Wigdor, 1918; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis, 1928; 

Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris gracillima (Linstow, 1890) Markowski, 1933; 

Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) 

Yorke and Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 

1940 


Host: 

Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 50%; 2; south of Clinton River mouth, Michigan; 

42°35′41”/-82°46′31” 

Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; 15%; 1; Michigan 



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; June and August 1994; 2%; 1; Anchor Bay, Michigan; 

42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′ 

Perca flavescens: Synnestvedt 1997; May-October 1993; monthly prevalence varied from 1-36; minp; 

Michigan 




Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; June and August 1994; 2%; 2; Goosebay, Michigan; 

42°35′4′′/-82°40′44′′ 


Spiroxys contortus (Rudolph, 1819) 

Synonym: None 


Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 10%; 1; 0.1; 

Clinton River mouth; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′ 

277


Spiroxys sp. 


Host: 

Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; August and September 1994; 5%; 1; Anchor Bay, Michigan; 

42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′ 

Proterorhinus marmoratus: Muzzall et al. 1995; June and August 1994; 2%; 1; Anchor Bay, Michigan; 

42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′ 


Philometra sp. 




Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915 and/or Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926 

Redworm: Could be Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch, 1819) and/or Philometra cylindracea (Ward and 

Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934 

Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindraceum Ward and Magath, 1916 for Philometra cylindraceum 

Site of Infection: Mesentery, body cavity 

Host: Perca flavescens: Thomas and Haas 2004; 1996-2001; 4%; minp; Lake St. Clair, Michigan 

Adult Acanthocephala 


Unidentified acanthocephalan 

Synonym: ? 



Immature Acanthocephala 




Synonym: None 




278



Site of Infection: Encysted in liver 

Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Muzzall et al. 1995; June and August 1994; 2%; 1; Goosebay, Michigan; 

42°35′4′′/-82°40′44′′ 

Polymorphidae Meyer, 1931 

Southwellina hispida (Van Cleave, 1925) 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 10%; 1; 0.1; 

Clinton River mouth, Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′ 

Remarks: This maybe the only report of Southwellina hispida in a fish from the Great Lakes. 



Synonym: Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901; Echinorhynchus thecatus Linton, 1891 


Host: 

Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; August and September 1994; 2%; 3; Anchor Bay, Michigan; 

42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′ 

Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; 1; south of Clinton River mouth; 

Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′ 





Ichthyobdella rapax Waas, 1972; Ichthyobdella richardsoni Meyer, 1940; Ichthyobdella alba Meyer, 1940; 

Myzobdella alba Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella elongata Meyer 1940; Illinobdella moorei Meyer, 1940; 



Host: Percina caprodes: Appy and Cone 1982; 1980; 43%; minp; Tremblay, Ontario; 42º18'N, 82º31' W 

Piscicolaria reducta Meyer, 1940 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: [Fins] 

Host: Percina caprodes: Appy and Cone 1982; 1980; pnp; minp; Tremblay, Ontario; 42º18'N, 82º31' W 

279


DETROIT RIVER 



Myxobolus sp. 

Site of Infection: Abdominal muscle 

Host: Notropis atherinoides: PM, Michigan State University, personal observation, 2008; 100%; minp; 

Grassy Island, Wyandotte, Michigan; 42°13′27′′/-83°8′4′′ 

Myxobolus sp. 


Host: Notropis atherinoides: PM, Michigan State University, personal observation, 2008; 83%; minp; 

Grassy Island, Wyandotte, Michigan; 42°13′27′′/-83°8′4′′ 



Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 

Synonym: Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Yeh, 1955; Bothriocephalus opsariichthdis Yamaguti, 1934 


Host: Pimephales notatus: Marcogliese 2008; September 2002; pnp; minp; Grosse Ile, Michigan; 42°5′42′/- 

83°11′22′′ 

Remarks: Bothriocephalus acheilognathi is an exotic species and is reported for the first time from the 

Great Lakes area. 

280

Table 19. Fishes by family from the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River from which 

parasites have been reported during 1895-2010 using parasite data in Table 18. References in 

parentheses following parasites refer to reference for host records. 

ST. CLAIR RIVER 

Gobiidae 


Ciliophora: Apiosoma sp., (Pronin et al. 1997) 

Myxozoa: Sphaeromyxa sevastopolis, (Pronin et al. 1997) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Rhipidocotyle sp., (Pronin et al. 1997); Clinostomum complanatum, (Pronin et 

al. 1997); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Pronin et al. 1997); Diplostomum sp., (Muzzall et al. 1995) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Pronin et al. 1997); Scolex pleuronectis, (Pronin et 

al. 1997) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Pronin et al. 1997); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Pronin et al. 

1997) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Muzzall et al. 1995) 

LAKE ST CLAIR 

Acipenseridae 


Adult Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, (Ward and Magath 1916) 

Amiidae 


Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (La Rue 1914) 

Adult Nematoda: Haplonema immutatum, (Ward and Magath 1916) 

Cyprinidae 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus burti (Cone et al. 2004, Cone and Marcogliese 2010) 

281


Salmonidae 


Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Ward and Magath 1916) 





Centrarchidae 


Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (La Rue 1914) 

Micropterus sp. (bass) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Ward and Magath 1916) 

Percidae 


Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Ward and Magath 1916); Philometra cylindraceum, (Ward and 

Magath 1916); redworm, (adult Philometra cylindracea and or larval Eustrongylides tubifex); (Thomas and 

Haas 2004) 

Larval Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Synnestvedt 1997) 


Hirudinea: Piscicolaria reducta, (Appy and Cone 1982); Myzobdella lugubris, (Appy and Cone 1982) 


Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Ward and Magath 1916) 

Gobiidae 


Myxozoa: Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli, (Pronin et al. 1997) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b; Pronin et al. 1997); 

Diplostomum sp., (Pronin et al. 1997); Neochasmus umbellus, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b); 

Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, (Pronin et al. 1997); Digenea gen. sp., (Kvach and Stepien 2008b) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Scolex pleuronectis, (Pronin et al. 1997) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Muzzall et al. 1995) 

282


Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Pronin et al. 1997); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Muzzall et 

al. 1995); Philometra sp., (Kvach and Stepien 2008b); Spinitectus sp., (Muzzall et al. 1995); Spiroxys sp., 

(Muzzall et al. 1995) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Muzzall et al. 1995); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, 

(Kvach and Stepien 2008b) 

Proterorhinus marmoratus (tubenose goby) 

Ciliophora: Apiosoma sp., (Pronin et al. 1997); Chilodonella sp., (Pronin et al. 1997); Trichodina sp., 

(Pronin et al. 1997) 

Myxozoa: Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli, (Pronin et al. 1997) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Pronin et al. 1997) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum sp., (Muzzall et al. 1995); Raphidascaris acus, (Pronin et al. 

1997); Spiroxys contortus, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b); Spiroxys sp., (Muzzall et al. 1995) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Muzzall et al. 1995); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 

(Pronin et al. 1997); Southwellina hispida, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b) 


Unidentified fish species 

Adult Digenea: Unidentified trematodes, (Ward 1895) 

Adult Cestoda: Unidentified cestodes, (Ward 1895) 

Adult Nematoda: Unidentified nematodes, (Ward 1895) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Unidentified acanthocephalans, (Ward 1895) 

DETROIT RIVER 

Cyprinidae 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus spp., (PM, Michigan State University, personal observation, 2008) 


Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, (Marcogliese 2008) 

283

Parasite Species—Overview 

LAKE ERIE 

Results 

A total of 69 studies were found that reported a parasite species infecting one or more fish species 

from Lake Erie. These studies were conducted during 1914-2010, and the most studies by 10-yr 

period were done in 1970-1979 (Table 4). A total of 229 parasite species (1 Mastigophora, 5 

Ciliophora, 22 Myxozoa, 2 Microspora, 46 adult Digenea, 13 larval/immature Digenea, 1 

Aspidobothrea, 55 Monogenea, 24 adult Cestoda, 3 larval/immature Cestoda, 21 adult Nematoda, 

4 larval/immature Nematoda, 14 adult Acanthocephala, 6 Hirudinea, 13 Copepoda, 1 Mollusca) 

have been found in Lake Erie fish (Table 2). Although Allocreadium sp., Crepidostomum sp., 

Leuceruthrus sp., Proterometra sp., Bucephalus elegans, Allacanthochasmus varius, Neochasmus 

umbellus, Sanguinicola sp., Centrovarium lobotes, Macroderoides sp., Eubothrium crassum, 

Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. pearsei, P. pinguis, P. stizostethi, 

Triaenophorus nodulosus, T. stizostedionis, Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, 

Camallanus oxycephalus, Philometra cylindracea, Rhabdochona sp., Acanthocephalus dirus, 

Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, Neoechinorhynchus sp., Leptorhynchoides thecatus, and 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli were represented in both adult and larval/immature groups, they are 

included in the adult category and only counted once. The parasites by taxonomic group and 

family, infecting fish from Lake Erie, are listed in Table 20. 

Protozoans 

Only one species of mastigophoran (Trypanoplasma catostomi) was found in one fish species, 

Catostomus commersonii. Four species of ciliates (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina 

domerguei, Trichodina urinaria, Capriniana piscium) occurred on the fins, gills and external 

surface of fish, except for T. urinaria in the ureters. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infected 13 fish 

species. 

Twenty-two species of myxozoans in three families were found. Five species of Henneguya and 

13 species of Myxobolus in the Myxobolidae have been documented. Many species, such as 

Henneguya doori, Henneguya rupestris, Myxobolus rotundum, are host specific to only one fish 

species or to a fish family such as Henneguya exilis and Myxobolus osburni. Unidentified 

myxosporans have been found in 38 fish species. All myxozoans occurred in non-intestinal sites. 

Only two species of microsporans were found–Glugea cepedianae is host specific to Dorosoma 

cepedianum and Glugea hertwigi to Osmerus mordax. 

284


Forty-six species of adult trematodes in 12 families have been found in Lake Erie fish. Most 

species occurred in the digestive tract, except for Bucephalus sp. (gills), Acetodextra amiuri 

(reproductive organs, swim bladder), Phyllodistomum spp. (ureters and/or urinary bladder), 

Alloglossidium corti (also ureters), and Sanguinicola occidentalis (circulatory system). Twelve 

species are in the Allocreadiidae with species in the genera Allocreadium and Crepidostomum 

being most common. Crepidostomum cooperi infected 10 fish species. Plagioporus cooperi 

infected 14 fish species, mostly cyprinids. Six species of Phyllodistomum have been reported 

from fish in five families. Several species, such as Allocreadium boleosomi, A. corti, 

Crepidostomum illionoiense, Polyekithum ictaluri, Paurorhynchus hiodontis, Phyllodistomum 

fausti, Allancanthochasmus artus, Lissorchis attenuatus, and Macroderoides spiniferus, are hostspecific 

to one fish species or family. 

Twenty-two species of larval/immature digenetic trematodes in 10 families have been reported. 

Six of these species occurred as immature forms and 14 species occurred as larvae encysted in 

several non-intestinal sites. Five larval digenean species were found in each of the Diplostomidae 

and Strigeidae. Clinostomum complanatum was reported from 18 fish species, Diplostomum 

flexicaudum from 11 species, Diplostomum spathaceum from 10 species, Neascus sp. from 44 

species, and Posthodiplostomum minimum from 36 fish species. The fish hosts for these larval 

trematode species represent several families. Unidentified species of Diplostomum have been 

reported from 53 fish species. Both Bucephalus elegans and Neochasmus umbellus occurred as 

larval and immature stages. 

Aspidobothreans 

Only one species of aspidogastrid, Cotylogaster occidentalis, was reported from the large 

intestine of only one fish species, Aplodinotus grunniens, in three studies. 

Monogeneans 

Fifty-five species of monogeneans representing 10 families were reported, and 38 of these species 

were in the Dactylogyridae. The genus Dactylogyrus is represented with six species. Most 

monogenean species occurred on the gills, except for Lyrodiscus longibasus (nasal cavity, skin), 

Lyrodiscus rupestris (fins, nasal cavity, skin), Lyrodiscus seminolensis (fins, skin), Lyrodiscus sp. 

(fins, nasal cavity, skin), Acolpenteron catostomi (ureters, urinary bladder), Dactylogyrus sp. 

(skin, also gills), Icelanonchohaptor fyviei (fins, skin), Icelanonchohaptor microcotyle (fins, 

skin), Pellucidhaptor angularis (fins, skin), Pellucidhaptor eremitus (fins), Pellucidhaptor 

microcanthus (fins), Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii (skin), Gyrodactylus macrochiri (fins), 

Anonchohaptor anomalus (fins, nasal, cavity, also gills), and Anonchohaptor muelleri (fins). 

Most monogenean species are host-specific to one fish species or family. 

285

Cestodes 

Twenty-four species of adult cestodes in eight families have been documented from the digestive 

tract of Lake Erie fish. Five species of caryophyllid cestodes in the Capingentidae, 

Caryophyllaeidae, and Lytocestidae were found in one cyprinid and several catostomid species. 

Twelve cestode species are in the Proteocephalidae (10 species of Proteocephalus). 

Bothriocephalus cuspidatus was reported from 8 species, Corallobothrium fimbriatum from 6 

species, and Proteocephalus pearsei from 9 fish species. Many cestode species (e.g. 

Bothriocephalus formosus, Haplobothrium globuliforme, C. fimbriatum, Proteocephalus exiguus, 

P. singularis, Triaenophorus nodulosus, caryophyllid cestodes) are host-specific to one or two 

fish species or to one fish family. 

At least 12 species of larval/immature cestodes in six families have been reported. 

Bothriocephalus sp., Glaridacris sp., Proteocephalus pearsei, Proteocephalus pinguis, 

Proteocephalus sp., and Triaenophorus sp. occurred as immature stages in the intestine. 

Bothriocephalid plerocercoids, and larval stages of Diphyllobothrium laruei, Ligula intestinalis, 

Schistocephalus sp., Sparganum pseudosegmentatum, and Triaenophorus nodulosus were 

encysted in several non-intestinal sites. Eubothrium crassum, Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, 

Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. stizostethi, and Triaenophorus sp. occurred as both larval stages 

encysted in non-intestinal sites and immature stages in the intestine. Larval/immature 

Bothriocephalus cuspidatus was reported from 8 fish species, immature Triaenophorus nodulosus 

from 15 species, larval Ligula intestinalis from 9 species, and larval Proteocephalus ambloplitis 

from 29 fish species. 

Nematodes 

Twenty-one species of adult nematodes in eight families were found in Lake Erie fish. Several 

adult species (e.g., Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus ancylodirus, Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, 

Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, Haplonema hamulatum, H. immutatum) are host-specific 

occurring in one fish species or in one family. Other nematode species, however, infected a large 

number of fish species–Dichelyne cotylophora (9 fish species), Spinitectus carolini (12 species), 

S. gracilis (17 species), Rhabdochona cascadilla (11 species), and Camallanus oxycephalus (39 

species). All species occurred in the digestive tract, except for Cystidicola stigmatura (swim 

bladder), Philometra cylindracea (body cavity), Philometra sp. (body cavity, eye), and 

Philometroides nodulosa (cheek galleries, fins). 

Eleven species of larval/immature nematodes in seven families have been reported. 

Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Dioctophyma sp., Eustrongylides sp., 

Spiroxys sp., and Philometra cylindracea occurred as larval stages encysted in non-intestinal 

sites. Larval Eustrongylides tubifex occurred in non-intestinal sites of six fish species. 

Camallanus oxycephalus occurred as both larval stages (encysted in coelom and mesentery) and 

immature stages (occurring in intestine) in nine fish species. Immature Capillaria catenata, 

Philonema sp., and Rhabdochona sp. infected the digestive tract. 

286


Fourteen species of adult acanthocephalans representing four families were found in the intestine. 

Three species are in the Echinorhynchidae, with Echinorhynchus salmonis occurring in five fish 

species. Eight species are in the Neoechinorhynchidae, with Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus 

reported from eight fish species. Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli and Leptorhynchoides thecatus 

infected 18 and 20 fish species, respectively. Neoechinorhynchus carpiodi, N. crassus, N. 

cristatus, N. tumidus, and Octospinifer macilentus are host-specific to one fish species or one 

family. 

Six species of immature acanthocephalans have been reported. Acanthocephalus dirus, 

Echinorhynchus sp., Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, and Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli infected 

the digestive tract. Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Leptorhynchoides sp. occurred in both the liver 

and mesentery. Leptorhynchoides thecatus occurred in the mesentery and intestine of 17 fish 

species. Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli was also found in the mesentery. 

Leeches 

Five species of leeches representing three families have been reported from several external sites 

on Lake Erie fish. Myzobdella lugubris and Piscicola punctata occurred on 5 and 10 fish species, 

respectively. 

Crustaceans 

Thirteen species of copepods in four families were documented in Lake Erie fish. Four species 

are in the Ergasilidae, with Ergasilus caeruleus reported from 21 fish species and E. 

centrarchidarum reported from seven species. Lernaea cyprinacea and Achtheres pimelodi each 

has been reported from six fish species. All copepods occurred on the external surface or on the 

gills or gill arches. 

Molluscs 

Glochidia of Anodonta sp. occurred on the gills of Lepomis gibbosus. Unidentified glochidia were 

found on the gills of 24 fish species. 

Fish Species—Parasite Analyses Overview 

Parasites have been reported from 89 (83%) of the 107 established fish species (24 families) in 

Lake Erie (Table 21). Most of these species (66) were in six families–Cyprinidae (23), 

Catostomidae (9), Ictaluridae (7), Centrarchidae (10), Percidae (13), Salmonidae (4). The 

individual fish species with the most-reported parasite species were Perca flavescens (46), 

Micropterus dolomieu (43), Ambloplites rupestris (39), Carpiodes cyprinus (36), Catostomus 

commersonii (34), Ictalurus punctatus (34), Morone chrysops (31), and Notropis hudsonius (23). 

287

Parasitological studies have been done only once on 19 Lake Erie fish species (Anguilla rostrata, 

Lythrurus umbratilis, Moxostoma anisurum, M. erythrurum, Esox masquinongy, Erimyzon 

sucetta, Ameiurus natalis, Noturus miurus, Lepomis cyanellus, L. humilis, Etheostoma caeruleum, 

E. exile, Nocomis micropogon, Umbra limi, Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush, Notropis 

anogenus, Cottus cognatus, and Morone americana) and 27 other species have been studied only 

twice (Acipenser fulvescens, Moxostoma macrolepidotum, Noturus gyrinus, Campostoma 

anomalum, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis buccatus, N. heterodon, Opsopoeodus emiliae, 

Pimephales notatus, P. promelas, Rhinichthys cataractae, R. obtusus, Hypentelium nigricans, 

Ameiurus melas, Esox americanus, Fundulus diaphanus, Labidesthes sicculus, Lepomis 

megalotis, Ammocrypta pellucida, Etheostoma blennioides, E. flabellare, E. nigrum, Percina 

caprodes, P. maculata, Minytrema melanops, Moxostoma aureolum, Apollonia melanostoma). 

Nine studies have been performed on the parasites of Micropterus dolomeui, 10 studies each on 

Osmerus mordax and Aplodinotus grunniens, 13 studies on Morone chrysops, and 19 studies have 

reported on the parasites of Perca flavescens. 

Parasitological studies have not yet been conducted on the following 29 fish species from Lake 

Erie: Ichthyomyzon fossor, I. unicuspis, Petromyzon marinus, Lepisosteus oculatus, Hybopsis 

hankinsoni, Luxilus chrysocephalus, Margariscus margarita, Nocomis biguttatus, Notropis 

rubellus, Phoxinus eos, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Catostomus catostomus, Erimyzon 

oblongus, Ictiobus cyprinellus, Moxostoma duquesnei, M. valenciennesi, Noturus stigmosus, 

Pylodictis olivaris, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. kisutch, O. mykiss, O. tshawytscha, Salmo 

trutta, Aphredoderus sayanus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Myoxocephalus thompsonii, 

Chaenobryttus gulosus, Percina shumardi, and Proterorhinus marmoratus. 


The values for parasite species-richness and number of fish species examined (in parentheses) 

regardless of stage for each of the five major fish families were Centrarchidae (76, 10), 


correlation coefficient between species-richness and number of fish species examined for each 

family using these values for all five families was nonsignificant (rs = 0.300). 

Parasites only found in centrarchids were protozoans (Trichodina domerguei, Chloromyxum 

gibbosum, Henneguya ohioensis, Myxobolus gibbosus, M. inornatus, M. kostiri, M. osburni), 

adult digenetic trematodes (Caecinicola parvulus, Phyllodistomum lohrenzi, Proterometra 

macrostoma, Rhipidocotyle papillosum), monogeneans (Actinocleidus bakeri, A. oculatus, A. 

recurvatus, Clavunculus unguis, Cleidodiscus alatus, C. similis, C. uniformis, C. venardi, 

Gyrodactylus macrochiri, Lyrodiscus longibasus, L. rupestris, Onchocleidus chautauquaensis, O. 

ferox, O. helicis, Syncleithrium fusiformis, Tetracleidus banghami, T. capax, T. longus, T. 

stentor), adult cestodes (Proteocephalus fluviatilis), larval/immature nematodes (Spiroxys sp.), 

adult acanthocephalans (Pomphorhynchus rocci), leeches (Placobdella montifera), copepods 

(Lernaea cruciata), and molluscs (Anondonta sp.). Parasite species only found in cyprinids were 

protozoans (Ceratomyxa sp., Myxobolus algonquiensis, M. aureatus, M. burti, Myxobolus 

pendula, Thelohanellus notatus, Zschokkella sp.), adult digenetic trematodes (Allocreadium 

288

lobatum), larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Neascus rhinichthys), monogeneans 

(Cleidodiscus brachus, Dactylogyrus anchoratus, D. extensus, D. vastator, Pseudocolpenteron 

pavlovskii), adult cestodes (Khawia iowensis), and adult nematodes (Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri). 

Parasites only found in catostomids were protozoans (Trypanoplasma catostomi, Myxobolus 

bibullatum, M. conspicuous, M. rotundum), adult digenetic trematodes (Lissorchis attenuatus, 

Phyllodistomum lysteri), monogeneans (Acolpenteron catostomi, Anonchohaptor anomalus, A. 

muelleri, Cleidodiscus pricei, Dactylogyrus urus, Gyrodactylus spathulatus, Icelanonchohaptor 

fyviei, I. microcotyle, Neodiscocotyle carpioditis, Octomacrum lanceatum, Pellucidhaptor 

angularis, P. eremitus, P. microcanthus, Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, P. moxostomi), adult 

cestodes (Biacetabalum sp., Glaridacris catostomi, Hypocaryophyllaeus paratarius, Spartoides 

wardi), adult nematodes (Camallanus ancylodirus, Philometroides nodulosa, Rhabdochona 

milleri, R. ovifilamenta), larval nematodes (Philonema sp.); adult acanthocephalans 

(Neoechinorhynchus carpiodi, N. crassus, N. cristatus, Octospinifer macilentus), and leeches 

(Actinobdella inequiannulata). Parasites only found in percids were protozoans (Trichodina 

urinaria, Henneguya doori, Myxobolus scleroperca), adult digenetic trematodes (Allocreadium 

boleosomi, Bunodera sacculata, B. lucioperca, Prosorhynchoides pusilla), larval digenetic 

trematodes (Apophallus brevis, Tylodelphys scheuringi), monogeneans (Aethycteron malleus, 

Urocleidus aculeatus, U. adspectus), adult cestodes (Bothriocephalus formosus, Triaenophorus 

stizostedionis), larval/immature nematodes (Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus), 

and copepods (Ergasilus luciopercarum). Parasites only found in salmonids were adult cestodes 

(Proteocephalus exiguus, P. wickliffi), larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium laruei, Eubothrium 

crassum, Schistocephalus sp.), adult nematodes (Cystidicola stigmatura, Cystidicoloides 

ephemeridarum), and adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus tumidus). 

The parasite taxonomic groups, by numbers and percentages, for each of the five major fish 

families from Lake Erie are in Table 22. The parasite group(s) (in parentheses) most common in 

each fish family were: Cyprinidae (digenetic trematodes followed by myxozoans), Catostomidae 

(monogeneans followed by digenetic trematodes), Centrarchidae (digenetic trematodes and 

monogeneans), Percidae (digenetic trematodes followed by cestodes), and Salmonidae (cestodes 

followed by digenetic trematodes). 

The numbers and percentages of autogenic and allogenic helminth species (in parentheses) for 

each fish family, respectively, were Centrarchidae (32 species, 76%; 10 species, 24%), 

Cyprinidae (17 species, 71%; 7 species, 29%), Catostomidae (22 species, 76%; 7 species, 24%), 

Percidae (37 species; 77%, 11 species, 23%), and Salmonidae (7 species, 64%; 4 species, 36%). 


The fish families and the species (in parentheses) involved in calculating Jaccard coefficients of 

parasite-community similarity were Centrarchidae (Ambloplites rupestris, Lepomis cyanellus, L. 

gibbosus, L. humilis, L. macrochirus, L. megalotis, Micropterus dolomieu, M. salmoides, 

Pomoxis annularis, P. nigromaculatus), Cyprinidae (Campostoma anomalum, Carassius auratus, 

Cyprinella spiloptera, C. whipplei, Cyprinus carpio, Luxilus cornutus, Lythrurus umbratilis, 

Macrhybopsis storeriana, Nocomis micropogon, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis anogenus, 

289

N. atherinoides, N. buccatus, N. heterodon, N. hudsonius, N. stramineus, N. volucellus, 

Opsopoeodus emiliae, Pimephales notatus, P. promelas, Rhinichthys cataractae, R. obtusus, 

Semotilus atromaculatus), Catostomidae (Carpiodes cyprinus, Catostomus commersonii, 

Erimyzon sucetta, Hypentelium nigricans, Minytrema melanops, Moxostoma anisurum, M. 

aureoloum, M. erythrurum, M. macrolepidotum), Percidae (Ammocrypta pellucida, Etheostoma 

blennioides, E. caeruleum, E. exile, E. flabellare, E. nigrum, Perca flavescens, Percina caprodes, 

P. copelandi, P. maculata, Sander canadensis, S. glaucum, S. vitreus), and Salmonidae 

(Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush). 

The range of Jaccard coefficients among fish family pairs was 0.0140 (Percidae and Salmonidae) 

to 0.3168 (Centrarchidae and Percidae) (Table 23). The next highest coefficient was between 

Percidae and Cyprinidae (0.2375). Salmonids shared the fewest parasite species with fish in the 

other families. 

Parasite species or a specific genus found in two or more fish families (in parentheses) were 

protozoans—Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (6); adult digenetic trematodes—Allacanthochasmus 

varius (2), Azygia angusticauda (3), Bucephalus elegans (3), Centrovarium lobotes (3), 

Crepidostomum cooperi (5), C. cornutum (3), Cryptogonimus chili (2), Leuceruthus micropteri 

(5), Megalogonia ictaluri (3), Microphallus opacus (4), Neoechasmus umbellus (2), Plagioporus 

cooperi (2); Sanguinicola occidentalis (2), larval/immature digenetic trematodes—B. elegans (3), 

C. lobotes (2), Clinostomum complanatum (6), Crassiphiala bulboglossa (2), Diplostomum 

flexicaudum (6), D. spathaceum (9), Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (2), I. platycephalus (2), 

Neoechasmus umbellus (3), Posthodiplostomum minimum (10), Uvulifer ambloplitis (3); adult 

cestodes—Eubothrium crassum (2), Bothriocephalus claviceps (4), B. cuspidatus (4), 

Haplobothrium globuliforme (2), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (3), P. pearsei (4); larval/immature 

cestodes—B. cuspidatus (5), Ligula intestinalis (2), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (9), P. pearsei 

(3), P. pinguis (2), Triaenophorus nodulosus (5); adult nematodes—Hysterothylacium 

brachyurum (2), Camallanus oxycephalus (12), Dichelyne cotylophora (5), Philometra 

cylindracea (2), Rhabdochona cascadilla (4), Spinitectus carolini (4), S. gracilis (7); 

larval/immature nematodes—Raphidascaris acus (2), Camallanus oxycephalus (6), 

Eustrongylides tubifex (6), Philometra cylindracea (3); adult acanthocephalans— 

Acanthocephalus dirus (3), Echinorhynchus salmonis (4), Leptorhynchoides thecatus (7), 

Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (2), N. rutili (3), N. tenellus (2), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (6); 

immature acanthocephalans—L. thecatus (6), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (3); leeches— 

Myzobdella lugubris (4), Piscicola punctata (6); and copepods—Argulus appendiculosus (2), 

Achtheres pimelodi (4), Ergasilus caeruleus (10), E. centrarchidarum (2), Lernaea cyprinacea 

(2). 

290

Discussion 

Lake Erie is the shallowest Great Lake and the second smallest in surface area, only Lake Ontario 

is smaller. Lake Erie has a mean depth (maximum) of 19 m (64 m), length of 388 km, width of 92 

km, and a surface area of 25,700 km 2 . Water flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario through the 

Niagara River and the Welland Canal. Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (2000) listed 107 fish 

species that are established in Lake Erie. However, the number of fish species examined and not 

examined for parasites from this lake exceed 107 because several fish species examined for 

parasites were not listed as established species by Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (Anguilla 

rostrata, Cyprinella whipplei, Notropis anogenus, N. heterodon, Opsopoeodus emiliae, 

Moxostoma aureolum, Salvelinus fontinalis, Cottus cognatus, Sander canadensis, and S. 

glaucum), plus the one remaining discrepancy may be due to the use of synonyms for the 

scientific name of a fish species. 

The study by Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988), involving 10 fish species, reported the most parasite 

species (123, not including agnaths)–Protozoa (11), Digenetic Trematoda (31), Monogenea (25), 

Cestoda (17), Nematoda (14) Acanthocephala (11), Crustacea (10), Hirudinea (3), and Mollusca 

(1). Other prominent studies include Bangham (1972) and those by Crites and his co-workers in 

the Bass Island region of eastern Lake Erie. Only three studies (making up 5% of all studies) have 

been conducted since 1990. 


Protozoans 

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina domerguei, T. urinaria, and Capriniana piscium occurred 

in heavy infections and are considered pathogenic to some fish species (Dogiel et al. 1958; 

Reichenbach-Klinke and Elkan 1965; Reichenbach-Klinke 1973). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis can 

cause weight loss and mortality in fish (Davis 1944; Elser 1955; and Allison and Kelly 1963). 

Trichodina spp. can cause severe hyperplasia of the gill lamellae and inflammation of the ureters 

(Richardson 1938; Davis 1947; Hoffman and Lom 1967). Dechtiar (1972a) reported mortality of 

young Perca flavescens mainly to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Trichodina spp. 

Henneguya spp., Myxobolus spp., and Thelohanellus notatus are myxozoans that were found in 

the gills, kidney, muscle, mouth tissue, connective tissue, skin, cartilage, fins, heart, mesentery 

and bile ducts. These protozoans can cause weight loss and excessive damage to the gills, muscle, 

internal organs, and skin of fish (Dogiel et al. 1958; Reichenbach-Klinke and Elkan 1965; 

Reichenbach-Klinke 1973). 

Of the microsporans found, the effect of Glugea hertwigi on Osmerus mordax was the most 

notable, especially in Lake Erie. Cysts of G. hertwigi were first found in O. mordax in Lake Erie 

in 1960 by Dechtiar (1965b). These cysts can be found in the intestinal wall, gonads, fins, viscera, 

and other organs. Glugea hertwigi is probably the most abundant and important parasite of O. 

291

mordax in Lake Erie. Mass mortalities of young-of-the-year and adult O. mordax caused by G. 

hertwigi have been reported by Nepszy and Dechtiar (1972) and Nepszy et al. (1978) in Lake 

Erie, as well as a similar mortality of adult O. mordax in Lake Ontario (A. Dechtiar, unpublished 

data). Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988) stated “We believe that the major contributing factor to these 

mortalities was the high prevalence of G. hertwigi.” Nepszy (unpublished data) believed that 

infection of O. mordax by G. hertwigi was seasonal, with a peak of infection occurring in the fall, 

but fluctuations occurred monthly. Chen and Power (1972), however, did not report any 

mortalities of O. mordax infected with G. hertwigi in Lakes Erie and Ontario. Glugea hertwigi 

has not been reported from O. mordax in Lakes Michigan, Superior, and Huron. Of the other 

microsporans, Glugea cepedianae has been reported to produce large xenomas in the viscera and 

cause mortalities in Dorosoma cepedianum (see Putz et al. 1965; Dechtiar 1972a). 


Of the adult digenetic trematodes, Crepidostomum sp., Acetodextra amiuri, Phyllodistomum spp., 

Sanguinicola occidentalis, and Sanguinicola sp. can be pathogenic to fish if intensities are high 

(Davis 1937; Perkins 1951, 1956; Wales 1958b, Gleason et al. 1983). Clinostomum 

complanatum, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum flexicaudum, D. spathaceum, 

Diplostomum sp., Tylodelphys scheuringi, Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, Centrovarium 

lobotes, Sanguinicola sp., Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, I. pileatus, I. platycephalus, 

Ichthyocotylurus sp., Neascus rhinichthys, Neascus sp., and Posthodiplostomum minimum are 

larval/immature digenetic trematodes that can be pathogenic to fish in several sites when their 

intensities are high (Meyer 1958; Kozicka 1958; Bychovskaya-Pavlovskaya and Petroshevski 

1963; Dukes 1975). Smitherman (1968) reported that Lepomis macrochirus fingerlings had a 

significant reduction in growth when large numbers (>353) of metacercariae of 

Posthodiplostomum minimum were present. Diplostomum spp. can cause lens discoloration and 

blindness, and emaciation (Shariff et al. 1980). Diplostomum spathaceum was reported to be the 

causative agent of a mass mortality of Perca fluviatilis by Nümann (1972). 

Monogeneans 

Of the monogeneans, the ancyrocephalids, Dactylogyrus spp., Tetracleidus banghami, 

Syncleithrium fusiformis, Diclybothrium armatum, Gyrodactylus spp., Pseudomurraytrema 

copulatum, and Tetraonchus moneteron are potentially dangerous parasites to freshwater fish. 

They can damage the epithelium of the gills, cause epithelial hyperplasia and excessive mucus 

production, and provide portals of entry for secondary fungal infections (Mizelle 1938; Tripathi 

1959; Dogiel et al. 1958; Prost 1963; Lester and Adams 1974; Hoffman 1976). 

Cestodes 

Plerocercoids (larval stages) of the cestodes Triaenophorus nodulosus (in Catostomus 

commersonii, Morone chrysops, Perca flavescens), Ligula intestinalis, Schistocephalus sp., 

Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Triaenophorus nodulosus, and T. stizostedionis occurring in the body 

cavity, pericardial cavity, mesentery, liver, spleen, and gonads can cause serious problems to 

freshwater fish (Esch and Huffines 1973; McCormick and Stokes 1982; Mahon 1976; Sweeting 

292

1976, 1977). Stromberg and Crites (1974a) reported that the plerocercoids of Triaenophorus 

nodulosus cause triaenophoriasis that may contibute to the mortality of Morone chrysops in Lake 

Erie. Mortality of Perca flavescens was caused by plerocercoids of Triaenophorus nodulosus (see 

Lawler 1969; Matthey 1963). 

Nematodes 

Of the nematodes, adults (Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Philometra 

cylindracea, Philometra sp., Spinitectus carolini) and larvae (Hysterothylacium brachyurum, 

Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus oxycephalus, Eustrongylides tubifex, Eustrongylides sp., 

Spiroxys contortus, Spiroxys sp., Philometra cylindracea) are considered pathogenic to fish when 

they occur in high intensities (Jilek and Crites 1982; Poole and Dick 1984). Poole and Dick 

(1984) demonstrated that migrating larvae of Raphidascaris acus caused distortion or destruction 

of blood vessels of Perca flavescens and found collagenous capsules around worms. Jilek and 

Crites (1982) reported that Spinitectus carolini caused simple infectious enteritis with 

inflammatory infiltration in the intestine of Lepomis macrochirus, with the most-intense tissue 

reaction occurring when the larvae completely penetrated the gut wall. Larvae of Eustrongylides 

tubifex and adults of Philometra cylindracea may play a role in reduced growth and high 

mortality of Perca flavescens in Lake Erie (Allison 1966; Crites 1982; and Salz 1989). Crites 

(1982) indicated that the higher the number of Eustrongylides tubifex within an age-class of 

Perca flavescens, the less the fish weighed. Salz (1989) noted that Eustrongylides tubifex may use 

some of the lipid reserve of infected Perca flavescens. 


Adult acanthocephalans that cause problems in fish when they occur in high intensities include 

Acanthocephalus dirus, Echinorhynchus leidyi, E. salmonis, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, 

Pomphorhynchus sp., and Leptorhynchoides thecatus. They can cause inflammation and 

hemorrhaging of the intestinal wall that can reduce nutrient absorption (Bullock 1963; Schmidt et 

al. 1974). Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli and Leptorhynchoides thecatus can be harmful by 

damaging the mesentery and destroying visceral tissue leading to the formation of connective 

tissue and fibrosis. 

Leeches 

The most-recent report of a leech infecting a fish from Lake Erie was Dechtiar and Nepszy 

(1988). Actinobdella inequiannulata and Myzobdella lugubris can cause pathology to fish, with 

the former species damaging the gills and operculum of catostomids (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 

Klemm et al. 2009). Appy and Cone (1982) reported that Myzobdella lugubris eroded the 

epithelium and caused hyperplasia of the surrounding epithelium when it was attached to the fins 

of Percina caprodes and Ameiurus nebulosus. 

293

Copepods 

Copepods (Argulus catostomi, Ergasilus centrarchidarum, E. luciopercarum), when they occur in 

high intensities, can be pathogenic to fish (Schumacher 1952; Allum and Hugghins 1959; Kabata 

1970; Rogers and Hawke 1978). Copepod movements on the gills of fish can cause destruction 

and hypertrophy of filaments. Roberts and Janovy (2009) reported that large numbers of 

Ergasilus can severly damage gill tissue, interfere with respiration, open the way to secondary 

infection, and lead to death. 

Molluscs 

Only Bangham and Hunter (1939), Bangham (1972), Dechtiar (1972a), and Dechtiar and Nepszy 

(1988) have reported glochidia on Lake Erie fish. When present in high intensities, glochidia can 

damage the skin, fins, and gills, impairing respiratory function (Karna and Milleman 1978; 

Treasure and Turnbull 2005). 


Fifty-five parasite species or a specific genus reported for two or more fish families make up 24% 

of all the parasite species reported from fish in Lake Erie. These 55 parasite species have indirect 

life cycles, with fish becoming infected by eating infected intermediate hosts or paratenic hosts-the 

exceptions being Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and the leeches and copepods that have direct life 

cycles. Most of these species are digenetic trematodes (38%) and nematodes (18%). There are 

171 parasite species that are host specific to one fish species or a fish family in Lake Erie. 

Jaccard coefficients of similarity for the parasite communities between individuals in the five 

major fish families were low, indicating fish in these families share few parasite species. As was 

the case for Lake Huron, the highest coefficient involved the Percidae and Centrarchidae 

(0.3168), which are in the same order, Perciformes—these families shared 32 parasite species. 

The next highest coefficient involved the Cyprinidae (Cypriniformes) and Percidae (0.2375). 

These low coefficients involving fish species among these different fish families indicate: 1) 

many parasite species have phylogenetic host specificity, 2) fish species in different families do 

not occupy the same habitats or the habitats do not overlap much, and 3) the diets of the fish 

species do not typically overlap either by food items or spatially in foraging areas. There was no 

monogenean species or protozoan species (except for Ichthyophthirius multifiliis) shared between 

fish in these family pairings. Furthermore, the low Jaccard coefficients for parasite-community 

similarity among the centrarchids, catostomids, cyprinids, percids, and salmonids indicate that 

each fish family has its own characteristic parasite fauna. 


Only five studies (Ward and Magath 1916; Vergeer 1928; Hunter and Bangham 1933; Bangham 

and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a) have reported on the parasites of salmonids in Lake Erie. 

These studies involved five salmonid species (Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, Coregonus sp., 

Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush) and reported only 14 parasite species. The fish examined by 

294

Dechtiar (1972a) were collected in 1961-1969. Salmonids had the lowest percentage (64%) of 

autogenic helminth species found compared to salmonids in the other Great Lakes. Cestodes were 

the most-common parasites of salmonids followed by digenetic trematodes. 

As for salmonids, digenetic trematodes, characteristic of warm-water lakes, made up the largest 

or second-largest percentage of parasites infecting fish in the other families. Dechtiar and Nepszy 

(1988) reported that digenetic trematodes was the most-abundant group of parasites found in fish 

they examined from Lake Erie. Most of the parasites found infecting cyprinids and percids were 

digenetic trematodes, most species in the centrarchids were digenetic trematodes and 

monogeneans, and mongeneans were most common in the catostomids. 

Although salmonid habitat is available in the eastern and central basins, most of the lake is warm 

and cool water and warmwater and coolwater fishes predominate. Most Lake Erie fish species 

examined for parasites were cyprinids (23 species) followed by percids (13 species). Only 47 

parasite species were reported from cyprinids–the lowest number except for the salmonids. 

Centrarchids and percids harbored 76 and 64 parasite species, respectively. The percent 

occurrence of autogenic helminth species was similar among the centrarchids (76%), cyprinids 

(71%), catostomids (76%), and percids (77%). Based on the fish species examined and from the 

parasites found in these species in each family, Lake Erie is characterized by having a mixture of 

centrarchids, percids, catostomids, and cyprinids and their autogenic helminth species. 

Autogenic helminths dominated the parasite fauna of Lake Erie fishes. The autogenic helminth 

species found that mature in fish include larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Allocreadium sp., 

Crepidostomum sp., Leuceruthrus sp., Proterometra sp., Bucephalus elegans, Bucephalus sp., 

Allacanthochasmus varius, Allacanthochasmus sp., Neochasmus umbellus, Sanguinicola sp., 

Centrovarium lobotes, Macroderoides sp.), larval/immature cestodes (Eubothrium crassum, 

Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, Bothriocephalus sp., bothriocephalid plerocercoids, Glaridacris sp., 

Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. pearsei, P. pinguis, P. stizostethi, Proteocephalus sp., 

Triaenophorus nodulosus, T. stizostedionis, Triaenophorus sp.), larval/immature nematodes 

(Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Capillaria catenata, Philometra 

cylindracea, Philonema sp., Rhabdochona sp.), immature acanthocephalans (Acanthocephalus 

dirus, Echinorhynchus sp., Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, Neoechinorhynchus sp., 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, Leptorhynchoides thecatus, Leptorhynchoides sp.). Of the allogenic 

helminth species found in fish, larvae of the digenetic trematodes (Clinostomum complanatum, 

Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum spp., Tylodelphys scheuringi, Uvulifer ambloplitis, 

Ichthyocotylurus spp., Neascus spp., Posthodiplostomum minimum, Apophallus brevis), larvae of 

the cestodes (Ligula intestinalis and Schistocephalus sp.), and the larval nematode 

(Eustrongylides sp.) mature in piscivorous birds, larvae of Diphyllobothrium laruei and 

Dioctophyma sp. mature in mammals, and Spiroxys sp. matures in turtles. 

295

Table 20. Parasites reported in fishes from Lake Erie, 1914-2010. Host documentation, in order, 

consists of references; when observed (cdnp = collection data not provided); prevalence defined 

as the percentage (%) of fish infected (pnp = prevalence not provided); mean intensity defined as 

the mean number of parasites per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided); for the 

Dechtiar et al. (1988) article, intensity of infection (L = light, 1-9 parasites per host; M = medium, 

10-49 parasites per host; and H = heavy, >50 parasites per host); location (lns = location not 

specified or incomplete), latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude/longitude not known). 



Trypanoplasma catostomi Bower and Woo, 1977 

Synonym: ?Trypanoplasma borreli of Mavor, 1915, 1916 


Host: Catostomus commersonii (Bower and Woo 1977; 1975; pnp; minp; Hamilton, Ontario; 43°15′0′′/- 

79°49′59′′ 

Remarks: Bower and Woo (1977) suggested that the tentative record of Trypanoplasma borreli from 

Catostomus commersonii by Mavor (1915) is a misidentification. 




Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Fins, gills, external surface 

Host: 

Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; cdnp; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 44%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, 

Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 30%; M; lns; llnk 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 8%; H; lns 

Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 6%; minp; South Bass Island; Ohio 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

296


Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 7%; H; lns 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar 1972a; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 11%; H; lns 


Trichodina domerguei (Wallengren, 1897) 

Synonym: Cyclochaeta domerguei (Wallengren, 1897) 

Site of Infection: External surface 

Host: Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 1%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Remarks: Bangham and Hunter (1939) record Trichodina domerguei from Micropterus salmoides but 

report this species from Micropterus dolomieu in their parasite-host list. 




Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 7%; H; lns; llnk 



Host: 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 6%; H; lns; llnk 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 29%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′ 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar 1972a; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 5%; H; lns 


Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 7%; M; lns 


Capriniana piscium (Buetschli, 1889) Jankowski, 1973 

Synonym: Trichophrya piscium Buetschli, 1889; Trichophrya sinensis Chen, 1955; Trichophrya intermedia 

Prost, 1952; Trichophrya micropteri Davis, 1947; Trichophrya ictalurus Davis, 1942; Trichophrya 

salvelinus Davis, 1942; Capriniana aurantiaca Strand, 1926 


Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 9%; H; lns; llnk 

297




Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Ceratomyxidae Doflein, 1899 

Ceratomyxa sp. 


Host: Notropis stramineus: Dechtair 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Henneguya brachyura Ward 1919 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Cartilaginous fin ray 

Host: Notropis anogenus: Ward 1919; August 1898; 14%; minp; Put-in-Bay, Ohio; 41°39′30′′/-82°48′59′′ 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; M; lns; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 82%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 19%; minp; South Bass 

Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 23%; minp; lns; Ontario 


298


Henneguya ohioensis Herrick, 1941 

Synonym: None 


Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Herrick 1941; 1933 and 1934; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 

Henneguya rupestris Herrick, 1941 

Synonym: None 


Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Herrick 1941; 1933 and 1934; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 

Myxobolus algonquinensis Xiao and Desser, 1997 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Connective tissue of ovary 


2001, October 2002; 26%; minp; western basin; 42°N, 82°W 

Myxobolus aureatus Ward 1919 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Between fin membranes 

Host: Notropis anogenus: Ward 1919; August 1898; 23%; minp; Put-in-Bay, Ohio; 41°39′30′′/-82°48′59′′ 


Synonym: None 





Synonym: None 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 44%; M; lns; llnk 



Site of infection: Intracelleular in striated muscle 


2001, October 2002; 26%; minp; western basin; 42°N, 82°W; Cone and Marcogliese 2010, same infection 

data and information as in Cone et al. 2004 

299


Myxobolus conspicuous Kudo, 1929 

Synonym: None 


Host: Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 33%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Myxobolus gibbosus Herrick, 1941 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Connective tissue of gill arch 


82°49′14′′ 

Myxobolus inornatus Fish, 1939 

Synonym: None 


Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; H; lns; llnk 

Myxobolus kostiri Herrick 1936 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Subcutaneous connective tissue in base of branchiostegal rays 

Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Herrick 1936; 1934; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Myxobolus osburni Herrick, 1936 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Mesentery, peritoneum 

Host: 

Lepomis gibbosus: Herrick 1936; 1934; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Micropterus dolomieu: Herrick 1936; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Myxobolus pendula Guilford, 1967 



Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 75%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Myxobolus rotundum (Meglitsch, 1937) Lom and Noble, 1984 

Synonym: Myxosoma rotundum 


Host: 


Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 35%; M; lns; llnk 

300




Site of Infection: Sclerotic cartilage 

Host: 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1965a; 1961-1963; pnp; minp; Canadian waters of Lake Erie; llnk 

Perca flavesens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Perca flavesens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 10%; L; lns; llnk 

Myxobolus sp. 


Host: 

Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 40%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar 1972a; 40%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar 1972a; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 42%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 35%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Remarks: Lom and Noble (1984) synonymized all species of Myxosoma with Myxobolus, which is 

followed here. 


Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Tissue 



Thelohanellus sp. 

Site of Infection: [Tissues] 

Host: Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar 1972a; cdnp;



Chloromyxum gibbosum Herrick, 1941 

Synonym: None 



82°49′14′′) 

Unidentified Myxospora 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: External surface, flesh, gills 

Host: 

Dorosoma cepedianum: Bangham 1972; 1957; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 




Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1972; 44 %; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 14%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Notropis atherinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; M; western Lake Erie 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; H; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 4%; L-M; western Lake 

Erie 

Notropis stramineus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; western Lake Erie 

Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 


Pimephales notatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Pimephales promelas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; H; eastern Lake Erie 

Rhinichthys obtusus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 63%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Hypentelium nigricans: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Hypentelium nigricans: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie 

Minytrema melanops: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Moxostoma aureolum: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; M; western Lake Erie 




Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 31%; L-H; western Lake Erie 

Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

302


Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 22%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; M; western Lake Erie 

Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; M; western Lake Erie 

Cottus bairdii: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 


Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; H; western Lake Erie 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 24%; L-H; western Lake Erie 

Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Pomoxis annularis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; M; western Lake Erie 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 17%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 16%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; M; western Lake Erie 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; M; western Lake Erie 



Glugea cepedianae (Putz, Hoffman, and Dunbar, 1965) Canning, Lom, and Dykova 1986 

Synonym: Pleistophora cepedianae Putz et al. 1965 


Host: Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Glugea hertwigi Weissenberg, 1911 

Synonym: Glugea hertwigi var. canadensis Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1941 

Site of Infection: Intestine, intestinal wall, gonads, fins, muscle, viscera 

303


Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Chen and Power 1972; April 1968-May 1969; 63%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1965b; 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964; pnp; minp; Port Dover; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0″ 

and Wheatley; 42°6′0′′/-82°27′0′′ 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 58%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 55%; H; lns; llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Nepszy and Dechtiar 1972; 1971; 88%; minp; western and west central Lake Erie; llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Nepszy et al. 1978; 1969; 90%; minp; Port Glasgow in central Lake Erie; llnk; to Port 

Maitland in eastern basin; llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Nsembukya-Katuramu et al. 1981; 1976-1977; 36-78%; minp; Long Point, Ontario; 

42º75′5″/-84º46′1″ 

Remarks: Glugea hertwigi may be the most-prevalent protozoan parasite of Osmerus mordax in Lake Erie; 

mortalities of smelt in Lake Erie have been attributed to this parasite. 



Allocreadium boleosomi Pearse, 1924 

Synonym: Allopodocotyle boleosomi, Homalometron boleosomi, Podocotyle boleosomi 


Host: 

Etheostoma blennioides: Bangham 1972; 1957; 60%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Etheostoma flabellare: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 17%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Percina caprodes : Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Percina copelandi: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Remarks: Kuntz and Font (1984) redescribed this species as Allopodocotyle boleosomi. 

Allocreadium corti (Lamont, 1921) 

Synonym: None 


Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September, 1973 and 1974; 21%; 49; South Bass 

Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 




Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


304


Allocreadium sp. 


Host: 

Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 50%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Etheostoma blennoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie 

Etheostoma exile: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie 

Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 




Host: Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 13%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 




Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 10%; L; lns; llnk 




Host: 

Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1972; 1957; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Culaea inconstans: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 5%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 




and Cooper (1915) (partim); Bunodera nodulosa of Stafford (1904) (partim); Crepidostomum cornutum 

(1915) (partim) 


Host: 

Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 





Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 41%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 



305



Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 27%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October; 1974;


Host: 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 32%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 28%; L; 

western Lake Erie; llnk 




Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 



Host: 

Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1939; 5%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie 

Polylekithum ictaluri (Pearse, 1924) Arnold, 1934 

Synonym: Allocreadium ictaluri Pearse, 1924; Allocreadium halli Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 


Host: 




Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 6%; South Bass Island, Ohio, 

41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 




Ptychogonimus fontanus Lyster, 1939 


Host: 

Esox americanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 20%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 14%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/-82°27′0′′ 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; L; lns; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 14%; L; lns 

Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie 

Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 11%; L; lns 

307






Host: Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 40%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Leuceruthrus micropteri Marshall and Gilbert, 1905 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Amia calva: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 5%; L; western Lake Erie 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 21%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 





Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L; western Lake Erie 


Leuceruthrus sp. 


Host: 

Hiodon tergisus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Notropis atherinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie 

Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; western Lake Erie 

Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; western Lake Erie 


Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: [Esophagus] 

Host: 

Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 1957; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

308




Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: [Pyloric ceca] 

Host: 

Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 





Bucephalus sp. 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk 

Paurorhynchus hiodontis Dickerman, 1954 

Synonym: None 


Host: Hiodon tergisus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 34%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Hiodon tergisus: Dickerman 1954; 1944; pnp; minp; southern tributaries; Ohio; llnk 

Prosorhynchoides pusilla (Stafford, 1904) Eckman, 1932 

Synonym: Bucephalopsis pusilla (Stafford, 1904), Bucephalus pusillus Stafford, 1904; Gasterostomum 

pusillum Stafford, 1904 


Host: 

Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 18%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie 

Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 36%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Sander vitreus (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Sander vitreus: Wolfert et al. 1967; 1962-1964; pnp; minp; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Rhipidocotyle papillosa (Woodhead, 1929) Eckmann, 1932 

Synonym: Gasterostomum pusillum of Cooper, 1915; Bucephalus papillosus Woodhead, 1929 


309


Host: 







Site of Infection: Reproductive organs, swim bladder 

Host: 

Noturus flavus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 26%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Noturus gyrinus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 




Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 14%; 7; South Bass Island, 

Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 21%; L; lns; llnk 

Allacanthochasmus artus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: 


Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 47%; M; lns; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 


Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 50%; M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 70%; L-M; 



310


Caecincola parvulus Marshall and Gilbert, 1905 

Synonym: None 


Host: Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1957; 83%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 42%; L-M; 



Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; M-H; eastern Lake Erie; 21%; M; western Lake 

Erie 

Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 23%; M; lns 


Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; M; western Lake Erie 

Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L-M; western Lake Erie 


Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Remarks: The species name, chili, is sometimes misspelled chyli. 


Synonym: None 


Host: 


Morone chrysops: Kvach and Stepien 2008a; October-November 2006; 82%; 98; 80; Maumee Bay, Ohio; 

41°41′42′′/-83°23′95′′ 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Phyllodistomum fausti Pearse, 1924 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Ureters, urinary bladder 

311


Host: 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; llnk 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, western basin; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 

Phyllodistomum lacustri (Loewen, 1929) Lewis, 1935 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September; 1973 and 1974; 46%; 3; South Bass Island, 

Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 9%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: [Urinary bladder] 

Host: Lepomis humilis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 26%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 7%; L; lns 

Phyllodistomum staffordi Pearse 1924 


Stafford, 1904 (partim); ?Phyllodistomum carolini Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum hunteri Arnold, 1934; 

?Phyllodistomum lacustri of Dechtiar (1972a) and Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988 


Host: 

Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



312



Synonym: Phyllodistomum fausti Pearse 1924; Phyllodistomum pearsei Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum 



Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Site of Infection: Urinary bladder, digestive tract 

Host: 

Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 64%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1972a; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario 





Synonym: Distomum isoporum var. armatum MacCallum, 1895; Anallocreadium armatum (MacCallum, 

1895) Simer, 1929; Bunodera armatum (MacCallum, 1895); Anallocreadium pearsei Hunter and Bangham, 

1932 


Host: 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 51%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 22%; L- 

M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 19%; M; lns; llnk 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Hunter and Bangham 1932; ncdp; pnp; minp; eastern basin; llnk 

Homalometron pallidum Stafford, 1904 

Synonym: Anallocreadium pallidum Hunter and Bangham, 1932 


Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 36%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 

313


Microcreadium parvum (Simer, 1929) 

Synonym: None 



82°49′14′′ 


Megalogonia ictaluri Surber, 1928 



Host: 

Noturus flavus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 20%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Noturus miurus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 67%; L-M; western Lake Erie 



Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 




Sander canadensis: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 





Host: 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 63%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 








Synonym: Plagiorchis corti Lamont; Plagiorchis ameiurensis McCoy, 1928 

Site of Infection: Digestive tract, ureters 

314


Host: 

Noturus flavus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Noturus gyrinus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 




Synonym: Alloglossidium geminus (Mueller, 1930); Plagiorchis geminum Mueller, 1930 


Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Macroderoides spiniferus Pearse, 1924 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 67%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 56%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Macroderoides typicus (Winfield, 1929) Van Cleave and Mueller; 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Amia calva: Bangham 1972; 1957; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Amia calva (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; M, western Lake Erie, llnk 

Macroderoides sp. 


Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Vietsoma parvum Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Bangam and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 





315


Host: 

Amia calva: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie 

Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie 


Centrovarium lobotes (MacCallum, 1895) 

Synonym: None 


Host: 


Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 29%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/-82°27′0′′) 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 21%; M; lns; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 3%; L; western Lake 

Erie 

Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 15%; L; western Lake Erie 





Plagioporus cooperi (Hunter and Bangham, 1932) Price 1934 

Synonym: Allocreadium commune of Cooper, 1915 (partim); Lebouria cooperi Hunter and Bangham, 1932 


Host: 

Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 1957; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 56%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 12%; L; 


Cyprinella whipplei: Hunter and Bangham 1932; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 




Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 32%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Macrhybopsis storeriana: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns 

Notropis atherinoides: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 


Notropis atherinoides: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L; western Lake Erie 

316

Notropis hudsonius: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns 



Notropis stramineus: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns 

Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Notropis volucellus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 43%; L; western Lake Erie 

Notropis volucellus: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns 


Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie 


Pimephales notatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie 

Rhinichthys cataractae: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 23%; L; western Lake Erie 

Rhinichthys cataractae: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns 

Ammocrypta pellucida: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; western Lake Erie 

Ammocrypta pellucida: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns 

Percina copelandi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; western Lake Erie 

Percina copelandi: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns 



Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Circulatory system 

Host: 


Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk 


Sander vitreus: Dechtiar 1972a; 19%; minp; lns; Ontario 




Site of Infection: Circulatory system 

Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 11%; minp; lns; Ontario 




Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 11%; M; lns 

317



Unidentified Trematode 

Synonym: ? 


Host: 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; western Lake Erie 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Allocreadiidae Looss, 1902 

Allocreadium sp. 


Host: Labidesthes sicculus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 



Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



Leuceruthrus sp. 


Host: 

Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Proterometra sp. 


Host: Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

318




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 15 %; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 





Synonym: None 


Host: 

Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 11%; M; lns; llnk 


Site of Infection: [Digestive tract?] 

Host: 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk 





Site of Infection: Flesh 

Host: 

Campostoma anomalum: Bangham 1972; 1957; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



Notropis stramineus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 



Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie 


Esox americanus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; western Lake Erie 

319




Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie 

Lepomis megalotis: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 



Etheostoma flabellare: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 


Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; eastern Lake Erie 



Remarks: Dzikowski et al. (2004) stated Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum are 


Cryptogonomidae (Ward, 1917) Ciurea, 1933 


Synonym: None 


Host: Labidesthes sicculus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Allacanthochasmus sp. 

Site of Infection: Encysted 

Host: Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Synonym: None 


Host: 


Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 29%; M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Neochasmus umbellus Van Cleave and Mueller 1932 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Brain, eyes, muscle 

Host: 

Notropis atherinoides: Kvach and Stepien 2008a; October-November 2006; 100%; 10; 10; Maumee Bay, 

Ohio; 41°43′17′′/-83°24′16′′ 

Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008a; 53%; 7; 4; Maumee Bay, Ohio 

Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 25%; 7; 2; Maumee Bay, 

Ohio; 41°43′17′′/-83°24′16′′ 

320


Neochasmus umbellus Van Cleave and Mueller 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: Morone americana: Kvach and Stepien 2008a; October-November 2006; 13%; 1; 0.1; Maumee Bay, 

Ohio; 41°41.423'N, 83°23.953'W 


Crassiphiala bulboglossa Van Haitsma, 1925 



Host: 

Notropis buccatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 55%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 


Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928) 



Host: 


Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Notropis atherinoides: Dechtiar 1972a; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario 




Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1972a; 18%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar 1972a; 25%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′ 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1972a; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1832 or 




Host: 




Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

321


Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 17%; L; lns 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 21%; L; lns 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 13%; L; lns 


Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 20%; L; lns 


Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 10%; L; lns 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 58%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 18%; 5; 1; Maumee Bay, 

Ohio; 41°43′17′′/-83°24′16′′ 



Host: 

Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Amia calva: Bangham 1972; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Hiodon tergisus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Dorosoma cepedianum: Bangham 1972; 52%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Campostoma anomalum: Bangham 1972; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Carassius auratus: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 






Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 


Notropis bucattus: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Notropis heterodon: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 



Opsopoeodus emilae: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 


Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 





322



Ameirurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 66%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 


Noturus flavus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 




Lota lota: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Labidesthes sicculus: Bangham 1972; 22%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 












Etheostoma blennioides: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 





Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 


Synonym: Diplostomulum scheuringi Hughes, 1929 

Site of Infection: [Brain or eye] 

Host: Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 




Site of Infection: Flesh, skin 

323


Host: 



Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 25%; H; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 17%; M; 


Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; H; eastern Lake Erie 

Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 10%; M; lns 





Synonym: Apophallus americanus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932; Apophallus itascensis Warren, 1953; 

Distomum sp. larva of Cooper, 1915 

Site of Infection: Fins, gills, muscle, skin 

Host: 



Macroderoididae McMullen, 1957 

Macroderoides sp. 


Host: Esox americanus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 






Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (Rudolphi, 1809) Odening, 1969 

Synonym: Tetracotyle intermedia Hughes, 1928; Cotylurus erraticus (Rudolphi, 1809) Szidat, 1928 

Site of Infection: Heart, kidneys 

Host: Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; M; lns; llnk 

324


Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802) Odening, 1969 



Host: 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 39%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Ichthyocotylurus platycephalus (Creplin, 1825) Odening, 1969 

Synonym: Tetracotyle communis Hughes, 1928; Cotylurus communis (Hughes, 1928) La Rue, 1932 

Site of Infection: Pericardial cavity 

Host: 

Etheostoma flabellare: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 17%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Sander canadensis: Hughes 1928; March and April 1927; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Site of Infection: Pericardial cavity, mesentery 

Host: 


Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 1957; 63%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 









Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 4%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar 1972a; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Cottus bairdi: Dechtiar 1972a; 60%; minp; lns; Ontario 





Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1972a; 16%; minp; lns; Ontario 



325









Sander canadensis: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 40%; M; lns 




Neascus rhinichthysi Hunter, 1933 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Rhinichthys obtusus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 50%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Rhinichthys cataractae: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie 

Neascus sp. 

Site of Infection: Flesh, liver, mesentery 

Host: 


Campostoma anomalum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 21%; M-H; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 


Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Luxilus cornutus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 26%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie 



Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie 

Nocomis micropogon: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie 


Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; L; eastern Lake Erie 


Notropis heterodon: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie 


326









Pimephales notatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 67%; L; eastern Lake Erie 

Pimephales promelas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 



Erimyzon sucetta: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 




Moxostoma aureolum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Noturus miurus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie 


Labidesthes sicculus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie 

Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 39%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Morone chrysops (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L; western Lake Erie 








Etheostoma caeruleum: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 


Etheostoma flabellare: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 20%; L; western Lake 

Erie 


Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; M; eastern Lake Erie 


Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie 



327



Percina maculata: Bangham 1972; 80%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 




Sander vitreus (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 31%; M; western Lake Erie 





Site of Infection: Liver, mesentery, muscle 

Host: 

Hiodon tergisus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



Campostoma anomalum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 29%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 50%; L; 



Cyprinus carpio: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L; western Lake Erie 

Luxilus cornutus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie 


Nocomis micropogon: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 39%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie 



Notropis atherinoides: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 44%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; eastern Lake Erie 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar 1972a; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario 






Rhinichthys obtusus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Rhinichthys obtusus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; eastern Lake Michigan 


Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 5%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie 


328






Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 28%; L-M; western Lake 

Erie 

Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 21%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 24%; L; western Lake Erie 





Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 11%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 65%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Lepomis humilis: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 


Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 30%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 83%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Lepomis megalotis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie 







Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; western Lake Erie 



Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 44%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; eastern Lake Erie 



Unidentified metacercariae 

Synonym: ? 


Host: 

Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 19%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


329



Unidentified metacercariae 

Synonym: ? 


Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



















Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham 1972; 67%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Labidesthes sicculus: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 









Percina caprodes semifaciata: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 




330


Aspidobothrea (Aspidobothreans) 

Aspidogastridae Poche, 1907 

Cotylogaster occidentalis Nickerson, 1902 

Synonym: Cotylogasteroides occidentalis Yamaguti, 1963 

Site of Infection: Large intestine 

Host: 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Ligictaluridus floridanus (Mueller, 1936) Beverly-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus floridanus Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus mirabilis Mueller 1937 (partim) 


Host: 



Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 40%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Synonym: Cleidodiscus pricei Mueller, 1936 


Host: 


Island; Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



Noturus flavus: Dechtiar 1972a; 74%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario 

331


Axinidae Unnithan, 1957 

Lintaxine cokeri (Linton, 1940) Sproston, 1946 

Synonym: Heteraxine cokeri (Linton, 1940) 


Host: 



Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, western basin, Ohio; 

41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



Synonym: None 


Host: 





Actinocleidus bakeri Mizelle and Cronin, 1943 

Synonym: None 


Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a 1961-1969; 67%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Actinocleidus oculatus (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1937 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus oculatus Mueller, 1934 


Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Actinocleidus recurvatus Mizelle and Donahue, 1944 

Synonym: None 



Aethycteron malleus (Mueller, 1938) Suriano and Beverley-Burton 



Host: Percina caprodes: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 17%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

332


Clavunculus unguis (Mizelle, Stokely, Jaskoski, Seamster, and Monaco, 1956) Beverley-Burton, 1986 

Synonym: Actinocleidus unguis Mizelle and Cronin, 1943 

Site of Infection: [Gills?] 

Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 67%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Cleidodiscus alatus (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1968 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 36%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Remarks: This species is an incertae sedis until further living material is studied. 

Cleidodiscus brachus Mueller, 1938 

Synonym: Urocleidus brachus (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1967 

Site of infecton: [Gills] 

Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Cleidodiscus similis (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938 

Synonym: None 



Cleidodiscus uniformis Mizelle, 1936 

Synonym: None 


Host: Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 63%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Cleidodiscus venardi Mizelle and Jaskoski, 1942 

Synonym: None 


Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Cleidodiscus sp. 


Host: 




Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar 1972a; 30%; minp; lns; Ontario 


333


Dactylogyrus anchoratus (Dujardin, 1845) Wagener, 1857 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Carassius auratus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 33%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar 1974a; 1969; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Cottus cognatus: Dechtiar 1974a; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario 


Synonym: None 


Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario 




Host: Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 83%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus ursus Mueller, 1938 

Synonym: Neodactylogyrus ursus Price, 1938 


Host: Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 25%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus vastator Nybelin, 1924 

Synonym: None 


Host: Carassius auratus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Site of Infection: [Gills, skin] 

334


Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 80%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Cottus bairdi: Dechtiar 1972a; 60%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Icelanonchohaptor fyviei Dechtiar and Dillon, 1974 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Dillon 1974; 1968-1971; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 


Icelanonchohaptor microcotyle Kritsky, Leiby, and Shelton, 1972 

Synonym: None 


Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk 

Lyrodiscus longibasus Rogers, 1967 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Nasal cavity, skin 

Host: 

Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1972a; 16%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 


Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar 1973; pnp; minp; lns 


Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Fins, nasal cavity, skin 

Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 23%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


335


Lyrodiscus seminolensis Rogers, 1967 

Synonym: None 


Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; Trenton, Ontario; 44°6′0′′/-77°34′59′′ 

Lyrodiscus sp. 

Site of Infection: [Fins, nasal cavity, skin] 

Host: 

Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Onchocleidus chautauquensis (Mueller, 1938) Murith and Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Tetracleidus chautauquensis (Mueller, 1938) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938; Urocleidus 

chautauquensis Mizelle and Hughes, 1938; Cleidodiscus chautauquensis Mueller, 1938 




Synonym: Urocleidus ferox Mueller, 1934; Onchocleidus nucronatus Mizelle, 1936; Cleidodiscus ferox 

(Mueller, 1934) 



Onchocleidus helicis Mueller, 1936 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus helicis (Mueller, 1936) Price and Mura, 1969; Urocleidus helicis (Mueller, 1936) 

Mizelle and Hughes, 1938 


Host: Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Remarks: This species is an incertae sedis until further living material is studied. 

Pellucidhaptor angularis Kritsky and Hathaway, 1969 

Synonym: None 



Pellucidhaptor eremitus Rogers, 1967 

Synonym: None 



336


Pellucidhaptor microcanthus Kritsky, Leiby, and Shelton, 1972 

Synonym: None 



Pellucidhaptor sp. 


Host: 



Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii Bykhovskii and Gusev, 1955 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: [Skin] 

Host: 


Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: 

Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 19%; M; lns; llnk 

Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario 




Host: 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970; 1975; 45%; M; lns; llnk 

337





Host: 

Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 78%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: 

Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 78%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Tetracleidus stentor (Mueller, 1937) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus stentor Mueller, 1937 




Synonym: Ancyrocephalus aculeatus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932 Cleidodiscus aculeatus (Van Cleave 



Host: 

Sander canadensis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Sander glaucum: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario 




Synonym: Cleidodiscus adspectus Mueller, 1936 


Host: 



Urocleidus baldwini (Dechtiar 1974) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus baldwini (Dechtiar 1974) 


Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1974b; 1969; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

338


Urocleidus chrysops Mizelle and Klucka, 1953 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus chrysops (Mizelle and Klucka, 1953) 


Host: 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 75%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 






Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 30%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/- 

80°12′0′′ 


Neodiscocotyle carpioditis Dechtiar, 1967 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1967b; 1962-1966; pnp; minp; west end and east end; llnk 






Host: 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 20%; L; lns; llnk 

Octomacrum sp. 


Host: 



339



Gyrodactylus bairdi Wood and Mizelle, 1957 

Synonym: None 


Host: Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 70%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus macrochiri Hoffman and Putz, 1964 

Synonym: Gyrodactylus elegans of Hargis, 1953 


Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; M; lns; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 




Site of Infection: External surface, fins, gills 

Host: 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns 

Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 25%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar 1972a; 30%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Carassius auratus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 91%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/ -82°49′14′′ 







340






Opsopeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 30%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 











Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island; Ohio 


Morone chrysops (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 44%; L-M; western Lake Erie 






Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 30%; L-M; western Lake Erie 



Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; M; western Lake Erie 




Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L-M; western Lake Erie 





Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; ncdp; 34%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


341










Host: Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 16%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Mazacraeoides sp. 


Host: Hiodon tergisus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 23%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Microcotylidae van Beneden and Hesse, 1863 

Microcotyle eriensis Bangham and Hunter, 1936 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 10%; minp; South Bass Island; Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1936; cdnp; 11%; minp; lns; llnk 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Microcotyle spinicirrus (MacCallum, 1918) 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 58%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1936; cdnp; 11%; minp; lns; llnk 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 53%; M; lns; llnk 




Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Gills, fins, nasal cavity 

342


Host: 




Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Dillon 1974; 1968-1971; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 





Anonchohaptor muelleri Kritsky, Leiby and Shelton, 1972 

Synonym: None 



Anonchohaptor sp. 


Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 






Pseudomurraytrema moxostomi Dechtiar, 1972 

Synonym: None 


Host: Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 21%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

343




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/ -82°27′0′′ 



Capingentidae Hunter, 1930 

Spartoides wardi Hunter, 1929 

Synonym: None 


Host: 




Biacetabulum sp. 


Host: 


Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 23%; L, lns 


Synonym: Caryophyllaeus terebrans of Bangham and Adams 1954 (partim), Glaridacris laruei of 



Host: 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 31%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 48%; M; lns; llnk 

Catostomus commersonii: Hunter 1927; cdnp; pnp; minp; Silver Creek area, New York; 42°32′46′′/- 

79°10′9′′ 

Hypentelium nigricans: Bangham 1972; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Hypocaryophyllaeus paratarius Hunter, 1927 

Synonym: None 


344


Host: 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 63%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Lytocestidae Hunter, 1927 

Khawia iowensis Calentine and Ulmer, 1961 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 




Synonym: Abothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779), Eubothrium oncorhynchi Wardle, 1932 


Host: 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 13%; L; 


Lota lota: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L-H; eastern Lake Erie; 100%; L-M; western Lake Erie 



Synonym: None 


Host: 




Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 67%; L; eastern Lake Erie 


345






Host: 


Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 


Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 16%; L-M; western Lake Erie 



Sander canadensis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 88%; L-H; western Lake 

Erie 

Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; L; eastern Lake Erie; prevalence could not be 

determined; M-H; western Lake Erie 


Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 90%; L-H; eastern Lake Erie; 94%; L-H; western Lake Erie 


Sander vitreus: Wolfert et al. 1967; 1962-1964; pnp; minp; western basin; llnk 

Bothriocephalus formosus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 1957; 17%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 




Host: Noturus miurus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 



Synonym: None 


Host: 



346




Synonym: None 


Host: 






Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 29%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 52%; L-M; western Lake 

Erie 



Noturus flavus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; L; western Lake Erie 

Noturus miurus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie 



Host: 






Host: 


Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 




347





Host: 

Amia calva: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 67%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Amia calva: La Rue 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 




Erie 



Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; eastern Lake Erie 


Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 67%; L, western Lake Erie 




Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 67%; L-H; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 20%; L-M; 


Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 25%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 67%; L-M; western 

Lake Erie 

Coregonus clupeaformis (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; Erie, Pennsylvania; 

42°7′45′′/-80°5′6′′; and Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′ 


Synonym: None 


Host: 





Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825) Nufer, 1905 

Synonym: None 


Host: Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 40%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

348



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; eastern Lake Erie 






Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 24%; L; western Lake Erie 

Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 67%; L-M; western Lake 

Erie 




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Lepisosteus osseus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Esox americanus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Esox lucius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 50%; L; western Lake Erie 


Esox lucius: Hunter 1929; 1928; pnp; minp; Buffalo, New York; 42°53′11′′/-78°52′42′′ 

349


Proteocephalus singularis La Rue, 1911 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham 1972; cdnp; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 67%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Sander canadensis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Sander canadensis: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; 6%; minp; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 10%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Sander glaucum: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 44%; minp; western Lake Erie; 58%; minp; eastern Lake 

Erie; llnk 

Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Sander vitreus: Connor 1943; November 1949-June 1951; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 20%; L; lns; llnk 

Sander vitreus: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 27%; minp; western Lake Erie 

Proteocephalus wickliffi Hunter and Bangham, 1933 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 5%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 40%; L; western 

Lake Erie; llnk 

Coregonus artedi: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; Erie, Pennsylvania; 42°7′45′′/- 

80°5′6′′; and Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′ 



Host: 

Notropis atherinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 4%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; minp; western Lake Erie 

Culaea inconstans: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; minp; western Lake Erie 

Cottus bairdii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; minp; western Lake Erie 

350






Host: 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 86%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/ -82°27′0′′ 



Synonym: None 


Host: 





Host: 

Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 18%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 



Unidentified cestodes 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Lota lota: Ward 1937; December 1934; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 





Host: Minytrema melanops: Bangham 1972; 1957; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 

351




Synonym: Abothrium crassum: Bloch, 1779); Eubothrium oncorhynchi Wardle, 1932 

Site of Infection: Intestine, mesentery 

Host: Coregonus artedi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 27%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 





Site of Infection: Digestive tract, mesentery 

Host: 

Notropis atherinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 5%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 4%; L-M; 


Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 29%; L; eastern Lake Erie 



Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 16%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; M; eastern Lake Erie; 13%; L; western Lake 

Erie 

Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; eastern Lake Erie 

Sander vitreus: Cooper 1919; cdnp; pnp; minp; Port Clinton, Ohio; 41°30′43′′/-82°56′15′′; pnp; minp; Putin-Bay, 

Ohio; 41°39′30′′/-82°48′59′′ 






Host: 


Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 







Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 


352





Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October 1974; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 



Bothriocephalid plerocercoids 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: Under peritoneum of stomach 

Host: Coregonus artedi: Vergeer 1928; 1926 and 1927; pnp; minp; Sandusky, Ohio; 41°26′56′′/-82°42′28′′; 

and possibly other locations 



Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Outside of stomach, inside stomach wall 

Host: Coregonus sp.: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 


Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Coelom 

Host: 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 15%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 13%; 

L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 44%; L; western Lake Erie 


Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Luxilus cornutus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; eastern Lake Erie 


Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 45%; L; western Lake Erie 

Notropis hudsonius: Mahon 1976; June; 1975; 33%; minp; south shore of Long Point; 42°32' N; 80°07' W 

Notropis stramineus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie 



353


Schistocephalus sp. 

Site of Infection: Pericardial cavity 

Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: In stomach wall, among intestinal ceca 

Host: Lota lota: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; Toledo, Ohio; 41°39′50′′/-83°33′18′′ 

Remarks: It is suggested this was a species of Diphyllobothrium. 





Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 20%; minp; western Lake Erie; llnk 



Site of Infection: Mesentery, viscera, liver, spleen, reproductive organs 

Host: 

Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 78%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 










Cottus bairdii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie 







Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 26%; L; western Lake Erie 

354





Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; M; eastern Lake Erie; 48%; M; western Lake Erie 



Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; M; eastern Lake Erie; 42%; L-M; western Lake 

Erie 

Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 12%; M-H; western Lake Erie 

Micropterus sp.: Bangham 1927; 1923?; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 








Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 4%; L-M; western Lake 

Erie 











Synonym: None 


Host: 

Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 39%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Morone chrysops (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; M; western Lake Erie 






355








Synonym: None 


Host: 

Notropis atherinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 41%; L; eastern Lake Erie 


Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Liver, digestive tract 

Host: 

Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 27%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 



Host: 




Pimephales promelas: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Osmerus mordax: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; western Lake Erie 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 2%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/-82°27′0′′ 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns; llnk 

Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; western Lake Erie 

Culaea inconstans: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; L; western Lake Erie 

Cottus bairdi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie 


Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977, June-October 1974,






Host: 




Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 13%; L; 






Morone chrysops: Crites 1975; 1974; data separated by a variety of fish variables; South Bass Island, Ohio, 

41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar 1972a; 24%; minp; lns; Ontario 


Morone chrysops: Stromberg and Crites 1974a; May-September 1973; 51%; minp; western Lake Erie; 

Ohio; llnk 


Lepomis gibbosus: Crites 1975; 1%; 1; South Bass Island, Ohio 






82°49′14′′ 

Perca flavescens: Crites 1975; 12%; 1; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Perca flavescens: Crites 1982; 1978-1981; prevalence varied from 47% to 86% among 1978-1981; various 

mean intensities provided; Green Island; 41°38′45′′/-82°50′59′′; Rattlesnake Island; 41°40′45′′/-82°50′59′′ 





Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. of Miller, 1943 

Site of Infection: [Liver] 

Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

357




Host: 

Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 4%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L; western Lake Erie 



Host: 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 29%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 39%; L; 








Unidentified cestode 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: Encysted in outer wall of digestive tract 

Host: Cyprinus carpio: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 





Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller 1934, Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis 

and Arthur 1979 


Host: 


Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 42%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 4%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

358




Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 



Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder, 

1800; Ascaris dentata (Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809); Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris 

Schrank, 1790; Ascaris mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel., 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder, 

1800; Fusaria dentata Zeder, 1800; Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci 




1928; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918); Yorke and Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris gracillima 




Host: Esox lucius: Smith 1984; cdnp; 85%; 1-87; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Camallanus ancylodirus Ward and Magath, 1916 

Synonym: None 




Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Intestine, rectum 

Host: 


Hiodon tergisus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 38%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 12%; minp; yoy; western basin; llnk 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Stromberg et al. 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; Buckeye Point; 41°39′54′′/-82°47′26′′; 

South Bass Island; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Dorosoma cepedianum: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 53%; minp; yoy; western basin; llnk 

Dorosoma cepedianum: Stromberg et al. 1973; pnp; minp; Buckeye Point, South Bass Island 


Cyprinella spiloptera: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 10% (1927); 2% (1957); 17% (1972); data separated by 

a variety of fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio, 41°26′56′′/-82°42′28′′ 

Cyprinella spiloptera: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 17%; minp; western basin 

Cyprinella spiloptera: Stromberg et al. 1973; pnp; minp; Buckeye Point, South Bass Island 

359


Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Notropis atherinoides: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 1% (1927); 1% (1972); data separated by a variety of 

fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio 

Notropis atherinoides: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 1%; minp; western basin 

Notropis buccatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie 



Notropis hudsonius: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 4% (1927); 1% (1957); data separated by a variety of fish 

variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio 


Rhinichthys cataractae: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 5%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 




Ictalurus puctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 17%; 2; South Bass Island, 

Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Ictalurus punctatus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 3% (1927); 3% (1957); 16% (1972); data separated by a 

variety of fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio 

Ictalurus punctatus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 1972; 16%; minp; western basin 


Osmerus mordax: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 4%; minp; yoy; western basin 

Osmerus mordax: Stromberg et al. 1973; pnp; minp; Buckeye Point, South Bass Island 


Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 37%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 37% (1927); 3% (1957); 8% (1972); data separated 

by a variety of fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 8%; minp; western basin 

Lota lota: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 



Morone chrysops (adults): Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 47% (1927); 47% (1957); 95% (1972); data 

separated by a variety of fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio 

Morone chrysops (yoy): Crites 1975; 22% (1927); 64% (1972); data separated by a variety of fish 


Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 47%; M; lns 

Morone chrysops: Stromberg and Crites 1975a; August 1979-November 1973; pnp; minp; South Bass 

Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Morone chrysops: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 1972; 64%; minp; yoy; 95%; minp; adult; western basin, 

llnk 

360


Morone chrysops: Stromberg and Crites 1974b, 1975a; 1975b, August 1970-November 1973; 1972; pnp; 

minp; western basin; llnk 

Morone chrysops: Stromberg et al. 1973; pnp; minp; Buckeye Point, South Bass Island 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp, South Bass Island; Ohio 


Ambloplites rupestris: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 12% (1927); 11% (1957); 27% (1972); data separated 


Ambloplites rupestris: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 27%; minp; western basin 



Lepomis gibbosus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 4% (1927); 7% (1957); 11% (1972); data separated by a 


Lepomis gibbosus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 11%; minp; western basin 



Lepomis macrochirus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 10% (1927); 31% (1957); data separated by a variety of 






Micropterus dolomieu: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 13% (1927); 8% (1957); 38% (1972); data separated 



Micropterus dolomieu: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 38%; minp; western basin 




Micropterus salmoides: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 4% (1927); 18% (1957); data separated by a variety of 



Pomoxis annularis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 24%; L; western Lake Erie 

Pomoxis annularis: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 23% (1927); 40% (1957); 71% (1972); data separated by a 


Pomoxis annularis: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 71%; minp; western basin 



Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 11% (1927); 31% (1957); 73% (1972); data 

separated by a variety of fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 73%; minp; western basin 


361




Etheostoma/Percina: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 16% (1927); 10% (1957); data separated by a variety of 





82°49′14′′ 

Perca flavescens: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 2% (1927); 5% (1957); 48% (1972); data separated by a 


Perca flavescens (yoy): Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 2% (1972); data separated by a variety of fish 



Perca flavescens: Smedley 1934; 1933; pnp; minp; Port Stanley 42°40′0′′/-81°13′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 2%; minp; yoy; 48%; minp; adult; western basin 


Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 28%; L-M; western Lake Erie 



Percina maculata: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; L; western Lake Erie 





Sander vitreus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 10% (1927); 21% (1957); 69% (1972); data separated by a 



Sander vitreus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 69%; minp; western basin 



Aplodinotus grunniens (adult): Crites 1975; 40% (1927); 14% (1957); 51% (1972); data separated by a 


Aplodinotus grunniens (yoy): Crites 1975; 1972; 50%; data separated by a variety of fish variables; 

Sandusky Bay; Ohio 


Aplodinotus grunniens: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 50%; minp; yoy; 51%; minp; adult; western basin 

Unknown fish species: Kelly et al. 1989; cdnp; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

362



Capillaria catenata Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932 

Synonym: Echinocoleus catenata (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Lopez-Neyra, 1947; Thominx catenata 

(Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Skrjabin and Schikhobalova, 1954 


Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 

Capillaria sp. 


Host: 



Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Skrjabin and Schikhobalova, 1954 

Synonym: Capillaria bakeri (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932); Hepaticola bakeri Mueller and Van Cleave, 

1932; ?Capillaria catostomi Pearse, 1924 


Host: 





Dichelyne cotylophora Ward and Magath 1916 




Host: 





Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 



Perca flavescens: Baker 1984a; May-October 1982; pnp; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Baker 1984b; 1982; pnp; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′ 


Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 54%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 49%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

363



Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October, 1974; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 6%; L; lns; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Smedley 1934; 1933; pnp; minp; Port Stanley; 42°40′0′′/-81°13′0′′ 



Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 4%; L; western Lake Erie 


Dichelyne robusta (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Petter, 1974 

Synonym: None 


Host: 





Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 





Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Cystidicola lepisostei Hunter and Bangham, 1933 

Synonym: ? 


Host: 


Lepisosteus osseus: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; west shore between mouths of 

Raisin and Detroit rivers; llnk 

Remarks: This species is a species inquirenda; the above record by Hunter and Bangham (1933) may be 

due to ingestion of infected salmonid fish by Lepisosteus osseus. 





364



Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Coregonus artedi: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Coregonus artedi: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns 

Salvelinus namaycush: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns 

Remarks: Black (1983) reported that Cystidicola stigmatura is apparently absent in the Great Lakes since 

1925; the above record of Cystidicola stigmatura in Salvelinus namaycush is probably valid; the above 

records of Cystidicola stigmatura in Coregonus spp. may be erroneous since Salvelinus spp. are the only 

hosts for this nematode species in North America (Black 1983). 



Sterliadochona tenuissima (Zeder, 1800); Metabronema salvelini (Fujita, 1920) Metabronema canadense 



Host: Salvelinus fontinalis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 63%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 


Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Gastrointestinal tract 

Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Jilek and Crites 1981; June-October 1978, May-September 1979; 7%; minp; South 

Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Ictalurus punctatus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 18%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 33%; L; 


Ambloplites rupestris: Jilek and Crites 1981; 81%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 





Lepomis gibbosus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 32%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Lepomis macrochirus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 41%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


365



Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 32%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 10%; L; western Lake Erie 

Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 15%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 2%; L; western 

Lake Erie 


Micropterus dolomieu: Jilek and Crites 1981; 22%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie 

Micropterus salmoides: Jilek and Crites 1981; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Perca flavescens: Jilek and Crites 1981; 9%; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Gastrointestinal tract 

Host: 



Ameiurus nebulosus: Jilek and Crites 1981; June-October 1978, May-September 1979; 10%; minp; South 

Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 1%; 1; minp; South Bass 

Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



Ictalurus punctatus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 16%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Esox americanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie 



Morone chrysops: Jilek and Crites 1981; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Ambloplites rupestris: Jilek and Crites 1981; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Lepomis gibbosus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Lepomis macrochirus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Micropterus dolomieu: Jilek and Crites 1981; 39%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Micropterus salmoides: Jilek and Crites 1981; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 







366




Host: 

Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 






Host: 

Perca flavescens: Ashmead and Crites 1975; cdnp; pnp; minp; between Rattlesnake Island 41°40′45′/- 

82°50′59′′ and South Bass Islands; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 2%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


82°49′14′′ 

Perca flavescens: Crites 1982; 1978-1981; prevalence varied from 35%-60% among 1978-1981; various 

mean intensities provided; Green Island; 41°38′45′′/-82°51′59′′; Rattlesnake Island; 41°40′45′′/-82°50′59′′; 

western basin; llnk 


Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 10%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Aplodinotus grunniens: Crites 1975; pnp; minp; between Green 41°38′45′′/-82°51′59′′ and Rattlesnake 

Islands, 41°40′45′′/-82°50′59′′; Sandusky Bay, Ohio; 41°28′44′′/-82°50′28′′ 


Remarks: The specimen found by Bangham and Hunter (1939) occurred in the digestive tract of 

Aplodinotus grunniens. 



Host: 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Crites 1975; June-October 1972, March-October 1973, April-October 1974; data 

separated by a variety of fish variables; between Green Island; llnk; and Rattlesnake Island; 41°40′45′′/- 

82°50′59′′; Sandusky Bay, Ohio 


367



Site of Infection: [Body cavity, ?eye] 

Host: 


Unkown fish species: Kelly et al. 1989; cdnp; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Synonym: Philometra nodulosus (Thomas, 1929) 

Site of Infection: Cheek galleries, fins 

Host: 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a 1961-1969; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 






Synonym: None 


Host: Lota lota: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 67%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Haplonema immutatum Ward and Magath, 1916 

Synonym: None 


Host: 




Rhabdochona cascadilla Wigdor, 1918 

Synonym: Rhabdochona sp. of Bangham, 1941 (partim) and of Bangham and Venard, 1946 (partim) 


Host: 

Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar 1972a 1961-1969; 70%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′ 


Hiodon tergisus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 25%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 50%; L; western 

Lake Erie; llnk 

Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L; western Lake Erie 

Cyprinella whipplei: Gustafson 1949; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

368








Rhinichthys obtusus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 38%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; L; western Lake Erie 

Rhabdochona milleri Choquette, 1951 

Synonym: None 


Host: 


Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%, minp, lns, Ontario, llnk 

Moxostoma erythrurum: A. Dechtiar (unpublished data), pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk; Moravec and Arai 

1971 

Moxostoma macrolepidotum: A. Dechtiar (unpublished data), pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk; Moravec and 

Arai 1971; Dechtiar 1972; 12%; minp; lns; Ontario 








Host: 

Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 




Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 2%; 1; 0.01; Maumee Bay, 

Ohio; 41°43′17′′/-83°24′16′′ 

369




Synonym: ? 


Host: 


Moxostoma aureolum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 50%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Sander vitreus: Wolfert et al. 1967; 1962-1964; pnp; minp; western Lake Erie; llnk 



Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim) 


Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller 1934, Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis 

and Arthur 1979 


Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; M; lns; llnk 


Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790: 

Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790: Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris Schrank, 1790; Ascaris 


(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder, 

1800; Ascaris dentata (Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci 




1928; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris gracillima 




Host: 



Anisakidae gen. sp. 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 2%; 1; 0.01; Maumee 

Bay, Ohio; 41°43′17′′/-83°24′16′′ 

370




Synonym: None 


Host: 









Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Coelom, mesentery of posterior intestine near urinary bladder 

Host: 

Dorosoma cepedianum: Stromberg and Crites 1974b; cdnp; 71%; minp; western basin; llnk 

Dorosoma cepedianum: Stromberg and Crites 1975a; August 1970-November 1973; 71%; minp; western 

basin; llnk 

Dorosoma cepedianum: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 1972; 71%; minp; western basin; llnk 



Aplodinotus grunniens: Crites 1976; July 1975; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



Capillaria catenata Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932 

Synonym: Echinocoleus catenata (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Lopez-Neyra, 1947; Thomnix catenata 

(Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Skrjabin and Schikhobalova, 1954 

Site of Infection: Posterior intestine 


82°49′14′′ 

371


Dioctophymatidae Railliet, 1915/Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915 

Dioctophyma sp. 


Host: 

Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 4%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Remarks: This may be the only report of Dioctophyma in a fish from the Great Lakes. 



Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Larvae encapsulated in mesentery; surface of ovaries, testes, liver, spleen and 

gastrointestinal tract; free in body cavity, viscera, and muscle 

Host: 



Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Ictalurus punctatus: Crites 1975; 1973 and 1974; data separated by a variety of fish variables; western 

basin, Ohio; llnk 

Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 8%; L; lns 

Ictalurus punctatus: Cooper et al. 1978b; 1973 and 1974; 15%; minp presented by size class; western basin; 

llnk 


Micropterus dolomieu: Cooper et al. 1978b; pnp and minp presented by size class; western basin 

Micropterus dolomieu: Crites 1975; 1974; data separated by a variety of fish variables; South Bass Island, 

Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October; 1974; 41%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 

Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1978b; pnp and minp presented by size class; western basin 

Perca flavescens: Crites 1975; 1972; data separated by a variety of fish variables; between Green Island, 

41°38′45′′/-82°51′59′′, and Rattlesnake Island, 41°40′45′′/-82°50′59′′; Sandusky Bay, Ohio; 41°26′36′′/- 

82°42′28′′ 

Perca flavescens: Crites 1982; 1978-1981; prevalence varied from 34%-46% among 1978-1981; various 

mean intensities provided; Green, 41°38′45′′/-82°50′59′′, and Rattlesnake, 41°40′45′′/-82°50′59′′, Islands; 

western basin; llnk 


Perca flavescens: Measures 1988a; 1984; 42%; 2; western basin; llnk; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/- 

82°27′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Sprinkle Fastzkie and Crites 1977; 1971 and 1972; pnp; minp; western basin; llnk 

372


Aplodinotus grunniens: Cooper et al. 1978b; pnp and minp presented by size class; western basin 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Crites 1975; 1973; data separated by a variety of fish variables; western basin, 

Ohio; llnk 


Unknown fish species: Measures 1988b; 1984; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Eustrongylides sp. 

Site of Infection: Body cavity, intestine, intestinal wall, musculature, viscera 

Host: 



Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1978a; 1972-1975; pnp; minp; western Lake Erie, Ohio; llnk 



Sander canadensis: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario 




Spiroxys contortus (Rudolphi, 1819) 

Synonym: None 



82°49′14′′ 

Spiroxys sp. 

Site of Infection: Mesentery, viscera 

Host: 

Umbra limi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 67%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 13%; L, lns 

373





Site of Infection: [Body cavity, peritoneum] 

Host: 






Philonema sp. 


Host: Minytrema melanops: Bangham 1972; 1957; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 

Remarks: This is the only report of Philonema in a fish from a Great Lake. 

Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin 1946 



Host: 




Agamonema sp. 

Synonym: ? 


Host: 

Dorosoma cepedianum (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Carassius auratus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 27%; L; western Lake Erie 

Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Cyprinus carpio: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie 


Nocomis micropogon: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie 



Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 2%; L; western Lake Erie 

374


Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie 


Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie 


Culaea inconstans: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; eastern Lake Erie 




Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 21%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie 

Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; eastern Lake Erie 




Etheostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 38%; L-M; western Lake Erie 






in fishes. 

Agamonema sp. 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: Liver, mesentery, spleen 

Host: 

Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 12%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Morone chrysops (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11% L; western Lake Erie 








Remarks: Yorke and Maplestone (1926) defined Agamonema as a collective group for immature nematodes 

in fishes. 

375


Superfamily Spiruroidea 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: Liver, large intestine 


82°49′14′′) 

Superfamily Spiruroidea 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: Swim bladder wall 


82°49′14′′) 



Synonym: ? 


Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 




Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: Encysted in gills 

Host: 









Host: 



Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 27%; M; lns 


376


Echinorhynchus leidyi (Van Cleave, 1924) Golvan, 1969 

Synonym: Echinorhynchus salvelini Linkins in Ward and Whipple, 1918; Metechinorhynchus leidyi (Van 

Cleave, 1924) Golvan, 1969 






Metechinorhynchus alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis (Muller, 1784) Petrochenko, 1956 


Host: 



Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1972; cdnp; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1972a; 31%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 29%; M; lns 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar 1972a; 83%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 

100%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′ 

Lota lota: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; eastern Lake Erie 

Lota lota: Ward 1937; December 1934; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 



Neoechinorhynchus carpiodi Dechtiar, 1968 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1968; summers of 1964 and 1965; 25%; minp; west end; Wheatley area; 

42°6′0′′/-82°27′0′′; east end, Port Dover; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′ 



377



Synonym: None 


Host: 


Catostomus commersonii: Bagham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 50%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Catostomus commersonii: Van Cleave 1949; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Neoechinorhynchus cristatus Lynch, 1936 

Synonym: None 


Host: 





Cleave, 1914 


Host: 





Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 2%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 



Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 54%; L-M; western Lake 

Erie 



82°49′14′′ 


Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; eastern Lake Erie 

378


Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Mueller, 1780) Hamann, 1892 



Host: 


Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973-1974; 3%; 6; South Bass Island, Ohio; 

41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 5%; L; lns; llnk 






Host: 

Esox lucius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 


Sander vitreus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: None 


Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 25%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/- 

80°12′0′′ 



Host: 



379



Synonym: Octospinifer of Mudry and Arai, 1973; Octospinifer of Mudry and Anderson, 1976 


Host: 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1972; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 23%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 13%; 

L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Catostomus commersonii: Van Cleave 1949; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Hiodon tergisus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 








Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 25%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Hypentelium nigrican: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 







Lepomis gibossus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 



Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar 1972a; 30%; minp; lns; Ontario 




380


Pomphorhynchus rocci Cordonnier and Ward, 1967 

Synonym: None 



Remarks: This is the only report of Pomphorhynchus rocci in a fish from a Great Lake; this species usually 

occurs in estuarine and marine fishes. 

Pomphorhynchus sp. 


Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 





Host: 



Amia calva: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie 

Cyprinus carpio: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk 







Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 17%; L; western Lake Erie 







Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; eastern and western Lake Erie 

Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 61%; L-H; eastern Lake Erie; 69%; L-M; western Lake 

Erie 




Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

381







Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 54%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 3%; L; western Lake Erie 












Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 21%; L; lns; llnk 



Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 




Synonym: Neorhynchus cylindratus Van Cleave, 1913; Eorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) 





Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 41%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 

382




Synonym: None 



82°49′14′′ 


Synonym: None 


Host: 




Pomphorhynchus sp. 


Host: Carassius auratus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 9%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 





Host: 

Lota lota: Ward 1937; December 1934; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/ - 

82°49′14′′ 




Host: 


Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie 


Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie 

Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 27%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 17%; L; western Lake 

Erie 

383


Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; eastern Lake Erie 










Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 54%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 19%; L; western Lake Erie 


Leptorhynchoides sp. 


Host: Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 10%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 





Site of Infection: [Gill cavity] 

Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 

Actinobdella pediculata (Hemmingway, 1908) 

Synonym: ?Placobdella pediculata Hemmingway, 1912; ?Haementaria pediculata Autrum, 1936 

Site of Infection: Inner wall of operculum 

Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Bur 1994; 1991-1993; 9%; 2; western Lake Erie; lns 

Actinobdella sp. 

Site of Infection: Anal fin 

Host: Catostomus commersonii: Bower and Woo 1977; 1975; 1%; 1; Hamilton, Ontario; 43°15′0′′/- 

79°49′59′′ 

384


Hirudinidae Whitman, 1886 

Macrobdella decora (Say, 1824) Verrill, 1872) 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Operculum 

Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns; llnk 





Myzobdella alba Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella elongata Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella moorei Meyer, 1940; 


Site of Infection: Pectoral, anal, caudal fins, skin 

Host: 


Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 









Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 58% for all leeches; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 

41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Site of Infection: [Fins] 

Host: 








385





Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 58% for all leeches; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 

41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Synonym: Ichthyobdella punctata (Verrill, 1871) 


Host: 

Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 2%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 


Lota lota: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 43%; L; western Lake Erie 




Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; eastern Lake Erie 




Placobdella montifera Moore, 1906 

Synonym: Placobdella parasitica Amin 1977 


Host: Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 1%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 



Argulus appendiculosus Wilson, 1907 

Synonym: Argulus biramosus 


Host: 

?Ameiurus nebulosus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 


Ictalurus puntatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 7%; L; lns; llnk 


Synonym: None 


386


Host: 



Argulus sp. 


Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/- 

82°49′14′′ 





Host: 



Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 






Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 


Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1972a; 14%; minp; lns; Ontario 





Lepomis macrochirus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 




Perca flavescens: Tidd 1931; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 


Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island; Ohio 

Sander canadensis: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 


387


Sander glaucum: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 

Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 30%; L-M; western Lake Erie 

Sander vitreus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 







caution. 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 

Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 10%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 8%; M; 




Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 7%; L; western Lake 

Erie; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 31%; lns; llnk 

Micropterus salmoides: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 



Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 8%; M; western Lake Erie 

Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 70%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie 

Sander glaucum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; M; eastern Lake Erie 

Ergasilus cotti Kellicott, 1879 

Synonym: None 


Host: Etheostoma caeruleum: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 

388






Host: 






Host: 



Ictalurus punctatus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 


Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 




Noturus gyrinus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie 

Ergasilus sp. 


Host: 

Cottus bairdii: Bangham 1972; 1957; 67%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 


Lernaeidae Cobbold, 1879 

Lernaea catostomi (Kroyer, 1863) 

Synonyn: Lernaea tortua Kellicott, 1882 


Host: Notropis stramineus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 

389


Lernaea cruciata (LeSeuer, 1824) 

Synonym: Lernaeocera cruciata 

Site of Infection: [Head embedded in musculature with body protruding externally] 

Host: 



Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 

Synonym: Lernaea elegans Leigh-Sharpe, 1925; Lernaeocera esocina Hermann, 1783; Lernaea carasii 

Tidd, 1933; probably Lernaea ranae Stunkard and Cable, 1913 


Host: 

Carassius auratus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 




Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 25%; minp; lns; Ontario 



Lernaea sp. 


Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 




Unidentified lernaeid 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk 



Synonym: Achtheres ambloplitis Kellicot, 1880; Achtheres micropteri Wright, 1882 

Site of Infection: Gills, gill arches 

390


Host: 

Ictalurus puncatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 6%; 2; South Bass Island, 

Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 

Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp, South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 25%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′/- 

80°12′0′′ 






Erie 






Achtheres coregoni Smith, 1874 

Synonym: None 


Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 

Achtheres sp. 


Host: 




Salmincola inermis Wilson, 1911 

Synonym: None 


Host: Coregonus artedi: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk 

391




Glochidia of Anodonta sp. 


Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 16%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′ 



Synonym: ? 


Host: 






Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988, 7%; L; lns 

Erimyzon sucetta: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 



Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 11%; M; lns 


Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 4%; H; western Lake Erie; llnk 





Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; M; western Lake Erie 










392





Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 36%; L-H; western Lake Erie 


Table 21. Fishes by family from Lake Erie from which parasites have been reported during 1914- 

2010 using parasite data in Table 20. References in parentheses following parasites refer to 


Acipenseridae 


Adult Digenea: Allocreadium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Crepidostomum lintoni, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939) 

Monogenea: Diclybothrium armatum, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona cascadilla, 

(Dechtiar 1972a) 

Lepisosteidae 

Lepisosteus osseus (longnose gar) 

Adult Digenea: Macroderoides spiniferus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972) 


Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus perplexus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Proteocephalus singularis, (Bangham 1972; 

Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola lepisostei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1933) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Amiidae 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Leuceruthrus 

micropteri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Macroderoides typicus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


393


Adult Cestoda: Haplobothrium globuliforme, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939; La Rue 1914); Proteocephalus perplexus, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Nematoda: Haplonema immutatum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Bangham 1972); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 

1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Hiodontidae 

Hiodon tergisus (mooneye) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum illionoiense, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and 

Bangham 1932); Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Paurorhynchus hiodontis, (Bangham 

1972; Dickerman 1954) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 

1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972) 

Monogenea: Mazacraeoides sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona 

cascadilla, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Anguillidae 

Anguilla rostrata (American eel) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Azygia longa, (Dechtiar 1972a); Microphallus 

opacus, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus macrocephalus, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Clupeidae 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 

1972) 

Monogenea: Octomacrum sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Stromberg and Crites 1975b; Stromberg et al. 1973); 

Capillaria sp., (Bangham 1972) 

394



Microspora: Glugea cepedianae, (Dechtiar 1972a) 


1972) 

Monogenea: Octomacrum sp., (Bangham 1972); Mazocraeoides olentangiensis, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Stromberg and Crites 1975b; Stromberg et al. 1973); 

unidentified nematode, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Camallanus oxycephalus, 

(Stromberg and Crites 1974b; Stromberg and Crites 1975a; Stromberg and Crites 1975b); unidentified 

nematode, (Bangham 1972) 

Cyprinidae 

Campostoma anomalum (central stoneroller) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 

1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 


Carassius auratus (goldfish) 


Monogenea: Dactylogyrus anchoratus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Dactylogyrus vastator, (Dechtiar 1972a); 

unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Copepoda: Lernaea cyprinacea, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a) 

Cyprinella spiloptera (spotfin shiner) 

Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Bangham 1972) 

Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972) 

395


Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); 

unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 

Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Stromberg and Crites 1974b; Stromberg and 

Crites 1975a; Stromberg and Crites 1975b; Stromberg et al. 1973); Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri, (Bangham 

1972) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1972) 



Cyprinella whipplei (steelcolor shiner) 

Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1932) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona cascadilla, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939; Gustafson 1949) 


Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 



Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoa, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 

1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus anchoratus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Dactylogyrus extensus, (Dechtiar 1972a); 

Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii, (Dechtiar 1971b; Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 

1972) 

Adult Cestoda: Khawia iowensis, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified cestode, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939) 



Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Pomphorhynchus 

bulbocolli, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a) 

Copepoda: Argulus appendiculosus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Lernaea 

cyprinacea, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

396




Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1972); Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Diplostomum flexicaudum, 

(Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham and Hunter 

1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 

1972) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Triaenophorus 

nodulosus, (Dechtiar 1972a) 



Lythrurus umbratilis (redfin shiner) 



Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972) 


Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 




Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972) 

Macrhybopsis storeriana (silver chub) 


Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1932); 

Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1972) 


1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); 

unidentified Strigeidae, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 






Nocomis micropogon (river chub) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Neascus sp., 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


397



Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and 

Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 


Notropis anogenus (pugnose shiner) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus aureatus, (Ward 1919); Henneguya brachyura, (Ward 1919) 


Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Digenea: Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972; 

Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1932) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 

1972); Neasus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 

1939; Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Strigeidae, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, 

(Bangham 1972); Neochasmus umbellus, (Kvach and Stepien 2008a) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus 

ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus pinguis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Stromberg and Crites 1975b); 

Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1972) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Notropis buccatus (silverjaw minnow) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 

1972) 


Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Notropis heterodon (blackchin shiner) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); 



Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri, 



398



Myxozoa: Myxobolus algonquinensis, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus bartai, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus 

burti, (Cone et al. 2004; Cone and Marcogliese 2010); Thelohanellus notatus, (Cone et al. 2004); 

Thelohanellus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Zschokkella sp., (Cone et al. 2004); unidentified myxozoan, 


Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972; Hunter and Bangham 

1932) Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972; 

Bangham and Hunter 1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a); 

Centrovarium lobotes, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified 



Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Mahon 1976); Proteocephalus 

ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona cascadilla, 



(Bangham 1972); unidentified nematode, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar 1972a); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, 



Copepoda: Lernaea sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Notropis stramineus (sand shiner) 

Myxozoa: Ceratomyxa sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Hunter and Bangham 1932; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; 

Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972) 


Copepoda: Lernaea catostomi, (Tidd 1931) 

Notropis volucellus (mimic shiner) 

Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 

1932) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); 

Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified 

metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 

399



Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1972) 

Opsopoeodus emiliae (pugnose minnow) 


Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); 

Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 

1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 



Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972); Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri, (Bangham 1972) 

Copepoda: Lernaea cyprinacea, (Bangham 1972) 




Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972, Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified 











Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus rhinichthysi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


400




Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus rhinichthysi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum 

minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 



Myxozoa: Myxobolus pendula, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham 

1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Monogenea: Cleidodiscus brachus, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972) 


Adult Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Copepoda: Lernaea cyprinacea, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Catostomidae 

Carpiodes cyprinus (quillback) 

Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus rotundum, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified myxozoan, 


Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Bangham 

1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum sp., 

(Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar 

and Nepszy 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Monogenea: Neodiscocotyle carpioditis, (Dechtiar 1967b, 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Octomacrum 

lanceatum, (Bangham 1972); Pellucidhaptor angularis, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Pellucidhaptor 

eremitus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Pellucidhaptor microcanthus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Pellucidhaptor sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Anonchohaptor muelleri, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Anonchohaptor sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); 

Icelanonchohaptor fyviei, (Dechtiar and Dillon 1974; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Icelanonchohaptor 

microcotyle, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Spartoides wardi, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Hypocaryophyllaeus 

paratarius, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Biacetabulum sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus ancylodirus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Camallanus oxycephalus, 

(Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Rhabdochona milleri, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Philometroides nodulosa, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar 

and Nepszy 1988) 

401


Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus carpiodi, (Dechtiar 1968; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1972; 

Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannulata, (Bangham 1972) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar 



Mastigophora: Trypanoplasma catostomi, (Bower and Woo 1977) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); 

unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Bucephalus sp., 

(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum 

flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); 

Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988) 

Monogenea: Octomacrum lanceatum, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Anonchohaptor 

anomalus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Dillon 1974; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Acolpenteron 

catostomi, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar 1972a; 

Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Gyrodactylus spathulatus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Biacetabulum sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Glaridacris catostomi, (Hunter 1927; 

Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona ovifilamenta, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Philometroides nodulosa, 

(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Agamonema sp., 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified nematode, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Neoechinorhynchus crassus, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Van Cleave 1949); 

Neoechinorhynchus cristatus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Octospinifer macilentus, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Van Cleave 1949); 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Hirudinea: Actinobdella sp., (Bower and Woo 1977); Myzobdella sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 

and Nepszy 1988); Lernaea sp., (Bangham 1972) 

402


Erimyzon sucetta (lake chubsucker) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972) 


Hypentelium nigricans (northern hog sucker) 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1972) 

Minytrema melanops (spotted sucker) 



Larval/Immature Cestoda: Glaridacris sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philonema sp., (Bangham 1972) 


Moxostoma anisurum (silver redhorse) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus conspicuous, (Dechtiar 1972a); Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Monogenea: Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Dactylogyrus urus, (Dechtiar 1972a); 

Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 



Moxostoma aureolum (pealip shorthead redhorse) 


Adult Digenea: Lissorchis attenuatus, (Bangham 1972) 


Hunter 1939) 

Monogena: Dactylogyrus urus, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Nematoda: Unidentified nematode, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Octospinifer macilentus, (Bangham 1972) 

Moxostoma erythrurum (golden redhorse) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 


Monogenea: Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); 

Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

403



Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona milleri, A. Dechtiar (unpublished data); Moravec and Arai 1971; Dechtiar 

1972a 




Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 


Monogenea: Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); 

Pellucidhaptor sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar 1972a); 

Pseudomurraytrema moxostomi, (Dechtiar 1972a); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona milleri, (Dechtiar 

1972a; A. Dechtiar (unpublished data); Moravec and Arai 1971 


Ictaluridae 

Ameiurus melas (black bullhead) 

Adult Digenea: Polylekithum ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); 

Crepidostomum sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham 1972); 

Alloglossidium corti, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp., 

(Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 


Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Corallobothrium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Dichelyne robustus, (Bangham 

1972); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972) 


Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Ameiurus natalis (yellow bullhead) 



Adult Digenea: Polylekithum ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham 1972); 

Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); 


404



Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 

1972) 

Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne robustus, (Bangham 1972) 


Copepoda: Achtheres pimelodi, (Tidd 1931) 



Myxozoa: Hennuguya exilis, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Digenea: Polylekithum ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham 1972); 

Phyllodistomum lacustri, (Bangham 1972); Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a); 

Phyllodistomum superbum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Glossidium geminum, (Bangham 1972) 


(Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar 1972a); 


Monogenea: Ligictaluridus floridanus, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham 1972); Corallobothrium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 

1939); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Spinitectus carolini, (Jilek and Crites 1981); 

Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972; Jilek and Crites 1981); Dichelyne robustus, (Bangham 1972) 


Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 




Copepoda: Argulus appendiculosus, (Tidd 1931); Ergasilus versicolor, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a); 

Achtheres sp., (Bangham 1972) 


Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988) 

Myxozoa: Hennuguya exilis, (Baker and Crites 1976; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Digenea: Allocreadium corti, (Baker and Crites 1976); Polylekithum ictaluri, (Baker and Crites 1976; 

Bangham 1972); Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Acetodextra amiuri, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 

and Nepszy 1988); Allacanthochasmus varius, (Baker and Crites 1976); Vietsoma parvum, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939); Phyllodistomum lacustri, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar 

and Nepszy 1988); Phyllodistomum sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Macroderoides sp., (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939); Alloglossidium corti, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

405


Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum 

spathaceum, (Baker and Crites 1976; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Monogenea: Ligictaluridus floridanus, (Baker and Crites 1976; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Ligictaluridus pricei, (Baker and Crites 1976; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972; Bangham 

and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Cestoda: Haplobothrium globuliforme, (Dechtiar 1972a); Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Baker and 

Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Megathylacoides 

giganteum, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Stromberg and Crites 

1975b); Dichelyne robustus, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972); Spinitectus carolini, (Jilek and 

Crites 1981); Spinitectus gracilis, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972; 

Jilek and Crites 1981) 


(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Baker and Crites 1976; Cooper et al. 1978b; Dechtiar 

and Nepszy 1988); Eustrongylides sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Baker and Crites 1976); Pomphorhynchus sp., 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1972) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Leptorhynchoides 

thecatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Copepoda: Argulus biramosus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ergasilus versicolor, (Tidd 1931; Baker and 

Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Achtheres pimelodi, 

(Tidd 1931; Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988) 


Adult Digenea: Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a); Alloglossidium corti, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 

1972) 

Monogenea: Cleidodiscus pricei, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 




406



Adult Digenea: Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Alloglossidium corti, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939) 

Monogenea: Ligictaluridus floridanus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Noturus miurus (brindled madtom) 

Adult Digenea: Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham 


Esocidae 

Esox americanus (grass pickerel) 

Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); 

Macroderoides sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Centrovarium lobotes, 

(Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Monogenea: Tetraonchus monenteron, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Hunter 

1929); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Smith 1984); Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 




407


Umbridae 


Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Osmeridae 


Microspora: Glugea hertwigi, (Chen and Power 1972; Dechtiar 1965b; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988; Nepszy and Dechtiar 1972; Nepszy et al. 1978; Nsembukya-Katuramu et al. 1981) 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Crepidostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Proterometra sp., (Bangham 1972); 

Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 

1972a) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Stromberg and Crites 1975b; Stromberg et al. 1973) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Unidentified nematode, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis, 

(Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988) 

Salmonidae 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus wickliffi, (Bangham 

and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1933) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: bothriocephalid plerocercoids, (Vergeer 1928); Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham 


Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1933; Ward 

and Magath 1916) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Copepoda: Salmincola inermis, (Tidd 1931) 


Adult Digenea: Unidentified digenean, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus exiguus, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1933) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Schistocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

408


Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Ward and Magath 1916) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a); 

Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Copepoda: Achtheres coregoni, (Tidd 1931); Achtheres pimelodi, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Coregonus sp. (herring) 



Adult Nematoda: Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 



Percopsidae 


Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum isostomum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a); 

Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972a); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 

Monogenea: Cleidodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Urocleidus baldwini, (Dechtiar 1974b); unidentified 


Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Triaenophorus 

stizostedionis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Stromberg and 

Crites 1975b); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972) 



Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 


Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tidd 1931) 

409


Gadidae 



Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified cestode, (Ward 1937) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Sparganum pseudosegmentatum, (Vergeer 1942) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972); Haplonema hamulatum, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echininorhynchus leidyi, (Ward 1937); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939; Ward 1937) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Ward 1937); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 

(Ward 1937) 


Fundulidae 




and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 



Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Leptorhynchoides 

thecatus, (Bangham 1972) 

Atherinopsidae 

Labidesthes sicculus (brook silverside) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Allocreadium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Allacanthochasmus varius, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 






410




Adult Digenea: Bunoderina eucaliae, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus eucalius, (Dechtiar 1972a); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 




Cottidae 


Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoa, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar 1974a); Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Gyrodactylus 

bairdi, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972) 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus sp., 



Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Bangham 1972) 


Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar 1974a) 

Moronidae 

Morone americana (white perch) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Neochasmus umbellus, (Kvach and Stepien 2008a) 


Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Trichodina sp., 

(Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Capriniana piscium, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Capriniana sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proterometra macrostoma, (Bangham 1972); 

Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972); Allacanthochasmus artus, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Allacanthochasmus varius, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Neochasmus umbellus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Kvach and Stepien 2008a; Kvach and Stepien 

2008b); unidentified digenean, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

411


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum sp., 

(Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus chrysops, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified 

Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Bothriocephalus 

cuspidatus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus nodulosus, 

(Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1974a) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1974b, 1975a, 1975b; Stromberg et al. 1973); Dichelyne cotylophora, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972; 

Jilek and Crites 1981); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Eustrongylides tubifex, 

(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Agamonema sp., (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972); Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Achtheres 

sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Centrarchidae 



Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972; 

Bangham and Hunter 1939); Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bucephalus elegans, 

(Bangham 1972); Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Phyllodistomum sp., 

(Dechtiar 1972a) 


(Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; 

Bangham and Hunter 1939); Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Monogenea: Cleidodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Cleidodiscus alatus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Onchocleidus 

chautauguensis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Tetracleidus stentor, (Dechtiar 1972a); Lyrodiscus rupestris, (Dechtiar 

1972a; Dechtiar 1973); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972); 

Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972); Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus 

nodulosus, (Bangham 1972) 


Crites 1975b); Contracaecum sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Capillaria catenata, (Bangham 1972); 

Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham 1972); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 

1939; Jilek and Crites 1981); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Jilek and Crites 1981); 

Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

412


Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Philometra cylindracea, 



(Bangham 1972); Pomphorhynchus rocci, (Dechtiar 1972a); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1972; 





Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Tidd 1931; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ergasilus caeruleus, 

(Bangham 1972); Lernaea cruciata, (Tidd 1931; Bangham 1972); Achtheres pimelodi, (Tidd 1931; 

Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972); Proterometra macrostoma, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crepidostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972); 

Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, 




1972); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972); Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 

1972); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972) 







Myxozoa: Chloromyxum gibbosum, (Herrick 1941); Henneguya ohioensis, (Herrick 1941); Myxobolus 

gibbosus, (Herrick 1941); Myxobolus osburni, (Herrick 1936); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972; 


Adult Digenea: Allocreadium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); 

Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972); Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Bucephalus elegans, 

(Bangham 1972); unidentified digenean, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972); Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 

1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a); Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 

1939) 

Monogenea: Actinocleidus oculatus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Actinocleidus recurvatus, (Dechtiar 1972a); 

Onchocleidus ferox, (Dechtiar 1972a); Cleidodiscus similis, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified 


413




Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Stromberg and Crites 1975b); 

Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Jilek and Crites 1981); Spinitectus 

gracilis, (Jilek and Crites 1981) 



(Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 

1939) 



Mollusca: Glochidia of Anodonta sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Dechtiar 1972a); Lernaea sp., 


Lepomis humilis (orangespotted sunfish) 

Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lohrenzi, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, 



Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972) 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972) 


(Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., 

(Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 

1972a); Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Monogenea: Actinocleidus bakeri, (Dechtiar 1972a); Clavunculus unguis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Cleidodiscus 

venardi, (Dechtiar 1972a); Cleidodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Lyrodiscus longibasus, (Dechtiar 1972a); 

Lyrodiscus seminolensis, (Dechtiar 1973); Lyrodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, 


Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Dichelyne 

cotylophora, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Spinitectus 

carolini, (Bangham 1972; Jilek and Crites 1981); Spinitectus gracilis, (Jilek and Crites 1981) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra cylindracea, (Bangham 1972) 


(Bangham 1972); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972) 



414


Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tidd 1931; 

Bangham 1972); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Lepomis megalotis (longear sunfish) 


1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and 

Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 


Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Unidentified nematode, (Bangham 1972) 


Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus inornatus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Myxobolus kostiri, (Herrick 1936); 

Myxobolus osburni, (Herrick 1936); Myxobolus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified myxozoan, 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988); Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Rhipidocotyle papillosa, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Neochasmus umbellus, (Bangham 

and Hunter 1939); Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham and Hunter 

1939) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar 

and Nepszy 1988); Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified metacercariae, 


Monogenea: Cleidodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Tetracleidus banghami, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988); Syncleithrium fusiformis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Gyrodactylus 

macrochiri, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and 

Hunter 1939) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Proteocephalus fluviatilis, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Protoecephalus stizostethi, (Hunter and Bangham 1933) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; 

Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972); Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 

1972); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 

1939) 

415


Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Camallanus oxycephalus, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1975b); 

Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Spinitectus carolini, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Jilek and Crites 1981); Spinitectus 

gracilis, (Jilek and Crites 1981) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Agamonema sp., (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Cooper et al. 1978b; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; 

Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Leptorhynchoides 

thecatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Hirudinea: Myzobdella moorei, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 

1939) 


Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Lernaea sp., (Bangham 1972); unidentified lernaeid, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Achtheres 

pimelodi, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 


Ciliophora: Trichodina domerguei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972; Bangham 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Leuceruthrus 

micropteri, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Caecincola parvulus, (Bangham 1972); 

Rhipidocotyle papillosa, (Bangham 1972); Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 

1939) 


Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, 


Monogenea: Onchocleidus helicis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Syncleithrium fusiformis, (Dechtiar 1972a); 

unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus 

fluviatilis, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972); Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus 

nodulosus, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Jilek and Crites 1981); 

Spinitectus gracilis, (Jilek and Crites 1981) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Dioctophyma sp., (Bangham 

and Hunter 1939); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Cooper et al. 1978b) 

416


Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972); 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1972, Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Hirudinea: Placobdella montifera, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Tidd 1931; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ergasilus 

caeruleus, (Bangham 1972); Achtheres pimelodi, (Tidd 1931; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Micropterus sp. (bass) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1927) 



Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); 

Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972) 

Monogenea: Tetracleidus longus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Cleidodiscus uniformis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Lyrodiscus 

longibasus, (Dechtiar 1972a, 1973); Tetracleidus capax, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, 



1972); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972) 


Crites 1975b); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1972); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972) 


Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1972); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972) 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972). 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972) 


1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 

Monogenea: Tetracleidus longus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Lyrodiscus longibasus, (Dechtiar 1972a, 1973); 

Lyrodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Tetracleidus capax, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus pearsei, 

(Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Bangham 1972) 


Crites 1975b); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972) 


Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


417


Percidae 

Ammocrypta pellucida (eastern sand darter) 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939) 



Etheostoma blennioides (greenside darter) 

Adult Digenea: Allocredium boleosomi, (Bangham 1972); Allocreadium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 

1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified 





Etheostoma caeruleum (rainbow darter) 


Copepoda: Ergasilus cotti, (Tidd 1931) 


Adult Digenea: Allocreadium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalaus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 



Etheostoma flabellare (fantail darter) 

Adult Digenea: Allocredium boleosomi, (Bangham 1972) 


(Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus platycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ichthyocotylurus sp., 

(Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, 






418



Adult Digenea: Allocredium boleosomi, (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Clinostomum complanatum, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., 

(Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum 

minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 


Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus formosus, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939) 




Mollusca: Unidentifed glochidia, (Bangham 1972) 


Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Trichodina urinaria, 

(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Myxozoa: Hennuguya doori, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Myxobolus scleroperca, 

(Dechtiar 1965a; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Digenea: Bunodera lucioperca, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bunodera sacculata, (Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Cooper et al. 1977; Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988); Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Apophallus brevis, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Sanguinicola occidentalis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified trematode, (Bangham 

1972) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 

1972); Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Allacanthochasmus sp., (Bangham 1972); 

Tylodelphys scheuringi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972); 

Apophallus brevis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus adspectus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Cleidodiscus sp., 

(Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus pearsei, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Bothriocephalus sp., (Cooper et al. 1977); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and 

Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus 

pinguis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus sp., (Cooper et al. 1977); Triaenophorus nodulosus, 

(Bangham 1972; Cooper et al. 1977; Crites 1982; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Triaenophorus sp., 


419


Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Cooper et al. 

1977; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1975b); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Baker 1984a; 

Baker 1984b; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Cooper et al. 1977; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 

Smedley 1934); Spinitectus carolini, (Jilek and Crites 1981); Spinitectus sp., (Bangham 1972); Philometra 

cylindracea, (Ashmead and Crites 1975; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Cooper et al. 1977; Crites 1982; 

Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Raphidascaris 

acus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Eustrongylides tubifex, 

(Cooper et al. 1977; Cooper et al. 1978b; Crites 1975; Crites 1982; Measures 1988a; Measures 1988b; 

Sprinkle Fastzkie and Crites 1977); Eustrongylides sp., (Bangham 1972; Cooper et al. 1978a; Dechtiar 

1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Cooper et al. 1977); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, 

(Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Pomphorhynchus 

bulbocolli, (Bangham 1972); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 


Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Bangham 1972); Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tidd 1931; Bangham 1972); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988); Achtheres ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Achtheres sp., (Bangham 1972) 


Adult Digenea: Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Bangham 1972); Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); 

Allocreadium boleosomi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972) 


(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 

1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 

1972) 

Monogenea: Aethycteron malleus, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus formosus, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus 

stizostethi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus 

sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Spinitectus 

gracilis, (Bangham 1972); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Eustrongylides sp., (Bangham 

1972); Philometra cylindracea, (Bangham 1972) 


Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1972); Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 



420


Percina copelandi (channel darter) 

Adult Digenea: Allocreadium boleosomi, (Bangham 1972); Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter 

1939; Hunter and Bangham 1932) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 



Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Mollusca: Unidentifed glochidia, (Bangham 1972) 

Percina maculata (blackside darter) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972) 





Adult Digenea: Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Prosorhynchoides pusilla, (Bangham and Hunter 

1939); Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus platycephalus, (Hughes 1928); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar 

1972a); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus aculeatus, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus stizostethi, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and 

Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1933); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus nodulosus, 

(Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides sp., (Dechtiar 1972a) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 



Sander glaucum (blue pike) 

Adult Digenea: Prosorhynchoides pusilla, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham 


Monogenea: Urocleidus aculeatus, (Dechtiar 1972a) 

421


Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, 

(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus stizostethi, (Hunter and Bangham 1933; Bangham and 

Hunter 1939); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Adult Nematoda: Philometra cylindracea, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tidd 1931; Bangham and 

Hunter 1939) 


Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Prosorhynchoides pusilla, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Wolfert et al. 1967); Centrovarium 

lobotes, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Sanguinicola 

occidentalis, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum 

spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., 

(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bucephalus 

elegans, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus aculeatus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified 


Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Cooper 1919; Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988; Wolfert et al. 1967); Proteocephalus stizostethi, (Bangham 1972; Connor 1943; Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988; Hunter and Bangham 1933); Triaenophorus stizostedionis, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and 

Nepszy 1988) 


Proteocephalus stizostethi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Bangham 1972); 

Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 


Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1975b); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham and Hunter 1939), 

Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988), unidentified nematode, 

(Wolfert et al. 1967) 


Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988), Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988), Leptorhynchoides 

thecatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Piscicola punctata, 




Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ergasilus luciopercarum, 


422


Sciaenidae 


Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); Crepidostomum sp., (Bangham and Hunter 

1939); Homalometron armatum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 

Hunter and Bangham 1932); Homalometron pallidum, (Vendeland 1968); Microcreadium parvum, 

(Vendeland 1968); Phyllodistomum fausti, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968); 

Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Sanguinicola occidentalis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Sanguinicola sp., 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968); 

Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus communis, (Vendeland 1968); Ichthyocotylurus sp., 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Neascus sp., (Bangham and 

Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 

1972) 

Monogenea: Lintaxine cokeri, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968); Microcotyle 

eriensis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1936; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 

1988); Microcotyle spinicirrus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1936; Bangham and Hunter 1939; 

Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968) 

Aspidobothrea: Cotylogaster occidentalis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Vendeland 1968); 

Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 

1972; Vendeland 1968); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 



Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1975b); Capillaria sp., (Bangham 1972); Dichelyne cotylophora, 

(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Vendeland 1968); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham and Hunter 

1939); Spinitectus sp., (Bangham 1972); Philometra cylindracea, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Philometra 

sp., (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 


(Bangham and Hunter 1939; Crites 1976; Vendeland 1968); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Cooper et al. 1978b; 

Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Eustrongylides sp., (Bangham 1972; Vendeland 1968); Philometra 

cylindracea, (Bangham 1972; Vendeland 1968); Spiroxys contortus, (Vendeland 1968); Capillaria 

catenata, (Vendeland 1968); unidentified Spiruroidea, (Vendeland 1968) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a; Vendeland 1968); Leptorhynchoides 

thecatus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968) 

Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Vendeland 1968); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, 

(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968) 

423


Hirudinea: Actinobdella pediculata, (Bur 1994); Macrobdella decora, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); 

Myzobdella lugubris, (Bangham 1972; Vendeland 1968); Myzobdella sp., (Vendeland 1968); Piscicola 

punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972); Argulus sp., (Bangham 1972) 

Gobiidae 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b); Neochasmus umbellus, 

(Kvach and Stepien 2008a; Kvach and Stepien 2008b) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Kvach and Stepien 2008b) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Anisakidae gen. sp., (Kvach and Stepien 2008b) 

Unknown Fish Family 

Unknown fish species 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Kelly et al. 1989); Philometra cylindracea, (Kelly et al. 1989); 

Philometra sp., (Kelly et al. 1989) 

424


group reported for the five major fish families from Lake Erie, 1914-2010. Parasite group 

abbreviations are Ma (Mastigophora), Ci (Ciliophora), My (Myxozoa), Dt (Digenea), Mo 


(Copepoda), and Mol (Mollusca). If a parasite in a group did not infect fish, the parasite group 

was not included in the table. 




(2) 

Catostomidae 1 

(2) 

Centrarchidae 0 2 

(3) 

Percidae 0 2 

(3) 

9 

(19) 

0 4 

(7) 

6 

(8) 

2 

(3) 

12 

(26) 

10 

(18) 

20 

(26) 

24 

(38) 

Salmonidae 0 0 0 3 

(21) 

6 

(13) 

14 

(26) 

20 

(26) 

5 

(8) 

425 

6 

(13) 

6 

(11) 

6 

(8) 

10 

(15) 

0 6 

(43) 

3 

(6) 

8 

(15) 

10 

(13) 

9 

(14) 

2 

(14) 

3 

(6) 

5 

(9) 

3 

(4) 

5 

(8) 

2 

(14) 

2 

(4) 

2 

(4) 

3 

(4) 

2 

(3) 

4 

(9) 

3 

(6) 

5 

(7) 

4 

(6) 

0 1 

(7) 

1 

(2) 

1 

(2) 

1 

(1) 

1 

(2) 

47 

54 

76 

64 

0 14

Table 23. Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity based on the reported presence of 

parasites between the five major fish families from Lake Erie, 1914-2010. 


Cyprinidae 1.0000 0.1463 0.0192 0.1278 

Catostomidae 0.1463 1.0000 0.0151 0.0847 

Salmonidae 0.0192 0.0151 1.0000 0.0235 


Percidae 0.2375 0.1078 0.0140 0.3168 

NIAGARA RIVER 

The Niagara River flows in a northerly direction from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, a distance of 

approximately 35 miles. 

Results and Discussion 

Three studies (Kellicott in Tidd 1931; George et al. 1977; and Harrison and Hadley 1982) have 

reported on the parasites of fish from the Niagara River. Three parasite species (Myxobolus 

dentium, unknown larval trematodes, Argulus stizostethi) have been reported from three fish 

species (Tables 24, 25). 

426

Table 24. Parasites reported in fishes from the Niagara River, 1931-2010. Host documentation, in 

order, consists of references, when observed, prevalence defined as the percentage (%) of fish 

infected (pnp = prevalence not provided), mean intensity defined as the mean number of parasites 

per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided), location (lns = location not specified or 

incomplete), latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude and longitude not known). 



Myxobolus dentium Fantham et al. 1939 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Bases of the palatine and vomerine teeth, epithelium covering dentary bone 

Host: Esox masquinongy: George et al. 1977; 1968-1976; 34%; minp; upper Niagara River (Grand Island to 

Strawberry Island); llnk 

Larval/Immature Digenea/ Digenetic Trematodes 


Black spot 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Esox lucius: Harrison and Hadley 1982; 1975-1976; prevalence separated by age-class; minp; 11 

tributaries and river proper; lns; llnk 


Argulidae Yamaguti 1963 

Argulus stizostethi Kellicott 1880 

Synonym: None 


Host: Sander glaucum: Kellicott in Tidd (1931); pnp; minp; Buffalo, New York; 42º53′ 11″,-78º52′42″) 

427

Table 25. Fishes by family from the Niagara River from which parasites have been reported 

during 1931-2010 using parasite data in Table 24. References in parentheses following parasites 

refer to references for host records. 

Esocidae 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Blackspot (Harrison and Hadley 1982) 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus dentium (George et al. 1977) 

Percidae 

Sander glaucum (blue pike) 

Copepoda: Argulus stizostethi (Kellicott in Tidd 1931) 

Parasite Species—Overview 

LAKE ONTARIO 

Results 

Thirty-nine studies that reported on a parasite species infecting one or more fish species were 

conducted during 1930-2010 in Lake Ontario, most during 1970-1989 (Table 4). A total of 228 

parasite species (5 Ciliophora, 15 Myxozoa, 3 Microspora, 34 adult Digenea, 15 larval/immature 

Digenea, 79 Monogenea, 1 Aspidobothrea, 22 adult Cestoda, 5 larval/immature Cestoda, 16 adult 

Nematoda, 5 larval/immature Nematoda, 13 adult Acanthocephala, 4 Hirudinea, 8 Copepoda, 3 

Mollusca) were reported (Tables 2, 26). Although Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, Proteocephalus 

ambloplitis, Triaenophorus nodulosus, Triaenophorus stizostedionis, Hysterothylacium 

brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus oxycephalus, Spinitectus gracilis, Rhabdochona 

sp., and Leptorhynchoides thecatus were represented in both adult and larval/immature groups, 

they are listed in the adult category, and only counted once. 

428

Protozoans 

Five species of ciliates (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina urinaria, Trichodina sp., 

Capriniana piscium, Scyphidia micropteri) representing four families were found in Lake Ontario 

fish. Some species occurred on the gills; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis also infected the fins and 

body surface, and Trichodina urinaria and Trichodina sp. were found in the ureters. Unidentified 

species of Trichodina occurred on seven fish species. 

Fifteen species of myxozoans in two families were documented. Nine of these species are in the 

genus Myxobolus. All species are host-specific occurring in non-intestinal sites in one fish species 

or in one family. Three species of microsporans, Glugea cepedianae, Glugea hertwigi, Glugea 

pimephales, have been reported with each species being host-specific to Dorosoma cepedianum, 

Osmerus mordax, and Pimephales spp., respectively. 


Thirty-four species of adult digenetic trematodes in 14 families were reported. Ten species were 

in the Allocreadiidae, with the genus Crepidostomum (5 species) being most common. Five 

species of Phyllodistomum (Gorgoderidae) have been reported. Azygia angusticauda infected six 

fish species. Several species are host-specific to one fish species or one family. Most species 

occurred in the intestine or pyloric ceca, except for Acetodextra amiuri (swim bladder, ovaries), 

Phyllodistomum spp. (ureters, urinary bladder), Plagioporus sinitsini (also gall bladder), 

Sanguinicola occidentalis (blood), and Prototransversotrema sp. (under scales). 

Fifteen larval digenetic trematode species representing six families occurred in various nonintestinal 

sites. The Diplostomidae was represented by eight species. The most prevalent were 

Diplostomum spathaceum in 39 fish species, Ichthyocotylurus sp. in 17 fish species, and 

Clinostomum complanatum and Posthodiplostomum minimum each in 7 fish species. Bucephalus 

sp. was the only immature trematode found in the intestine. 

Monogeneans 

Eighty species of monogeneans representing 10 families have been documented on Lake Ontario 

fish. The best represented families were the Ancyrocephalidae (43 species), the Gyrodactylidae 

(14 species), and the Dactylogyridae (11 species). The genus Gyrodactylus was represented by 14 

species, Onchocleidus by 10 species, and Dactylogyrus by 10 species. Gyrodactylus macrochiri 

was found on four species of centrarchids. Most species are host-specific to one fish species or 

one family. The ancyrocephalids and dactylogyrids were primarily found on the gills and the 

gyrodactylids on the fins. Ligictaluridus monticelli occurred in the nares; Lyrodiscus rupestris 

occurred in the nares, gills, and fins; and Acolpenteron catostomi occurred in the ureters. 

429

Aspidobothreans 

Cotylogaster occidentalis was the only aspidobothrean found infecting the intestine of only 

Aplodinotus grunniens in one study. 

Cestodes 

Twenty-two species of adult cestodes in seven families infected Lake Ontario fish. Eleven species 

are in the Proteocephalidae with Proteocephalus being the most-common genus (9 species). The 

genera Eubothrium, Bothriocephalus, and Triaenophorus each are represented by two species. 

Many species are host specific to one fish species or one family. Glaridacris catostomi and 

Hunterella nodulosa were found only on catostomids. 

Nine species of larval/immature cestodes in five families were found. Bothriocephalus cuspidatus 

and Proteocephalus sp. were the only immature cestodes occurring in the intestine. All other 

species were found in non-intestinal sites. Three species of larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium 

ditremum, Diphyllobothrium laruei, and Ligula intestinalis) are in the Diphyllobothriidae. Three 

species of Triaenophorus infected the muscle, liver, and mesentery of several fish species. Larvae 

of Proteocephalus ambloplitis and Triaenophorus nodulosus each infected nine fish species. 

Nematodes 

Sixteen species of adult nematodes representing seven families have been found. The 

Cystidicolidae and Rhabdochonidae each were represented by four species. Four species are in 

the genus Rhabdochona. Most species occurred in the digestive tract, except for Cystidicola spp. 

(swim bladder), Philometra cylindracea (body cavity), Philometra sp. (gills, blood vessel), and 

Philometroides nodulosa (fins). Hysterothylacium brachyurum infected six fish species, and 

Dichelyne cotylophora, Cystidicola farionis, and Spinitectus gracilis each infected five fish 

species. Some species, such as Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, P. cylindracea, P. nodulosa, 

Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, and Rhabdochona milleri, are host-specific to one fish species or 

one family. 

Ten species of larval/immature nematodes in eight families were found. Cosmocephalus 

obvelatus, Paracuaria adunca, Contracaecum spiculigerum, Hysterothylacium brachyurum, 

Eustrongylides tubifex, Spiroxys sp., and Philometra cylindracea were represented by larval 

stages occurring in the body cavity, liver, and mesentery. Camallanus oxycephalus, Spinitectus 

sp., and Rhabdochona sp. were immature nematodes found in the intestine. Immature individuals 

of Camallanus oxycephalus and larval Eustrongylides tubifex each infected eight fish species. 


Thirteen species of adult acanthocephalans in four families have been documented. Nine species 

are in the Neoechinorhynchidae, with Neoechinorhynchus rutili infecting six fish species. 

However, most species in this family (Neoechinorhynchus crassus, N. cristatus, N. notemigoni, 

N. saginatus, N. tenellus, N. tumidus, and Octospinifer macilentus) are host-specific. 

430

Echinorhynchus salmonis infected 20 fish species, Acanthocephalus dirus infected 9 species, and 

Leptorhynchoides thecatus infected 15 species. Immature individuals of Leptorhynchoides 

thecatus occurred encysted in the mesentery of Fundulus diaphanus menona. 

Leeches 

Four species of leeches (Actinobdella inequiannulata, A. pediculata, Myzobdella lugubris, and 

Piscicola sp.) in two families occurred on the gill cover, fins, and body surface of fish. 

Myzobdella lugubris was found on six fish species. 

Crustaceans 

Eight species of parasitic copepods in three families were found on the body surface, fins, gills, 

and gill arches of Lake Ontario fish. Four species of the genus Ergasilus were reported. Ergasilus 

caeruleus and E. centrarchidarum occurred on eight and five fish species, respectively. Achtheres 

coregoni only infected Coregonus clupeaformis, Achtheres pimelodi only infected centrarchids, 

and Salmincola extumescens infected five species of coregonines. 

Molluscs 

Glochidia (larval stage) of three mollusc species have been reported from the fins and/or gills of 

fish. Glochidia of Anodonta sp. and Elliptio complanatus have been found on Perca flavescens. 

Glochidia of Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea occurred on Perca flavescens and three other species. 

Fish Species—Parasite Analyses Overview 

Parasites have been reported from 60 (57%) of the 106 established fish species in 21 families in 

Lake Ontario (Table 27). Most of these species (34) are in four families–Cyprinidae (12), 

Salmonidae (9), Centrarchidae (7), and Percidae (6). In terms of parasitological studies, 35 of the 

61 species have been studied only once (Acipenser fulvescens, Lepisosteus osseus, Amia calva, 

Anguilla rostrata, Alosa pseudoharengus, Couesius plumbeus, Cyprinus carpio, Luxilus cornutus, 

Notropis atherinoides, Phoxinus neogaeus, Pimephales notatus, P. promelas, Rhinichthys 

cataractae, Catostomus commersonii, Moxostoma erythrurum, Ictalurus punctatus, Noturus 

flavus, N. gyrinus, Esox masquinongy, Umbra limi, Oncorhynchus kisutch, O. mykiss, Salvelinus 

fontinalis, Percopsis omiscomaycus, Labidesthes sicculus, Culaea inconstans, Cottus bairdii, C. 

cognatus, Morone chrysops, Pomoxis annularis, Etheostoma caeruleum, E. exile, Percina 

caprodes, Sander vitreus, and Aplodinotus grunniens) and nine have been studied only twice 

(Dorosoma cepedianum, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Lepomis macrochirus, Rhinichthys obtusus, 

Moxostoma macrolepidotum, Esox lucius, Coregonus kiyi, Salvelinus namaycush, Pomoxis 

nigromaculatus). The most-studied species were Ambloplites rupestris (10 studies) and Perca 

flavescens (13 studies). The most-parasitized fishes in terms of numbers of parasite species 

present were Perca flavescens (45), Lepomis gibbosus (37), Ambloplites rupestris (31), Morone 

americana (24), Catostomus commersonii (23), and Notropis hudsonius (19). 

431

The 49 fish species from Lake Ontario whose parasites have not been reported on are: 

Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, Lampetra appendix, Petromyzon marinus, Lepisosteus oculatus, Hiodon 

tergisus, Campostoma anomalum, Carassius auratus, Cyprinella spiloptera, Hybognathus 

hankinsoni, Luxilus chrysocephalus, Macrhybopsis storeriana, Margariscus margarita, Nocomis 

biguttatus, N. micropogon, Notropis anogenus, N. bifrenatus, N. heterodon, N. heterolepis, N. 

rubellus, N. stramineus, N. volucellus, Phoxinus eos, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Semotilus 

corporalis, Carpiodes cyprinus, Catostomus catostomus, Erimyzon oblongus, E. sucetta, 

Hypentelium nigricans, Moxostoma anisurum, M. valenciennesi, Ameiurus natalis, Esox 

americanus, E. niger, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. tshawytscha, Prosopium cylindraceum, 

Salmo trutta, Aphredoderus sayanus, Lota lota, Pungitius pungitius, Myoxocephalus thompsonii, 

Lepomis cyanellus, L. megalotis, Etheostoma flabellare, E. microperca, E. olmstedi, Percina 

copelandi, and P. maculata. 


The values for parasite species–richness, regardless of life-stage, and number of fish species 

examined (in parentheses) for each of the major fish families were Centrarchidae (69, 7), 


correlation coefficient between species-richness and number of fish species examined for each 

family using these values for all five families was nonsignificant (rs = -0.100). The parasite 

taxonomic groups, by numbers and percentages, for each of the five fish families for Lake 

Ontario are in Table 28. The parasite group(s) (in parentheses) most common in each fish family 

were Cyprinidae (monogeneans followed by digenetic trematodes), Catostomidae (monogeneans 

followed by cestodes and acanthocephalans), Centrarchidae (monogeneans), Percidae (digenetic 

trematodes), and Salmonidae (cestodes). 

Parasite species or a specific genus found in centrarchids were protozoans (Scyphidia micropteri), 

adult digenetic trematodes (Crepidostomum cornutum, Leuceruthrus micropteri, Phyllodistomum 

lohrenzi, Proterometra macrostoma), monogeneans (Actinocleidus gibbosus, A. brevicirrus, A. 

recurvatus, A. triangularis, Cleidodiscus alatus, C. glenorensis, C. robustus, C. venardi, 

Gyrodactylus avalonia, G. goerani, G. macrochiri, Haplodiscus dispar, H. furcatus, Lyrodiscus 

longibasus, L. minimus, L. rupestris, L. seminolensis, Onchocleidus chautauquaensis, O. ferox, 

O. helicus, O. pricinpalis, O. similis, Syncleithrum fusiformis, Pterocleidus acer, Tetracleidus 

banghami, T. capax, T. longus, T. stentor, Urocleidus acer, U. aculeatus, U. attenuatus, U. 

alatus, U. dispar, U. ferox), adult cestodes (Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. fluviatilis), 

larval/immature cestodes (Dilepis sp.), adult nematodes (Camallanus oxycephalus, Raphidascaris 

acus), and copepods (Achtheres pimelodi, Ergasilus centrarchidarum). Parasite species only 

found in cyprinids were protozoans (Myxobolus bartai, M. burti, M. fanthami, M. hendrickson, 

M. pendula, M. xiaoi, Thelohanellus notatus, Zschokkella sp.), adult digenetic trematodes 

(Plagiocirrus primus, Plagioporus sinitsini, Prototransversotrema sp.), monogeneans 

(Dactylogyrus aureus, D. banghami, D. bulbus, D. cornutus, D. extensus, D. luxili, 

Gyrodactyloides sp., Gyrodactylus dechtiara, G. medius, G. stunkardi, Octomacrum semotili, 

Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii, Urocleidus brachus), adult cestodes (Pliovitellaria wisconsensis), 

and adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni, N. saginatus). Parasites only found 

432

in catostomids were protozoans (Myxobolus bibullatum), adult digenetic trematodes (Lissorchis 

attenuatus, Phyllodistomum lysteri), monogeneans (Acolpenteron catostomi, Anonchohaptor 

anomalus, Dactylogyrus ursus, Gyrodactylus spathulatus, Octomacrum lanceatum), adult 

cestodes (Hunterella nodulosa), larval cestodes (Ligula intestinalis), adult nematodes 

(Philometroides nodulosa, Rhabdochona milleri), adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus 

crassus, N. cristatus, Octospinifer macilentus), and leeches (Actinobdella inequiannulata). 

Parasites only found in percids were protozoans (Trichodina urinaria, Henneguya doori), adult 

digenetic trematodes (Bunodera luciopercae, Crepidostomum canadense, C. cooperi, 

Rhipidocotyle papillosum, Sanguinicola occidentalis), larval digenetic trematodes (Apophallus 

venustus, Diplostomum adamsi, D. huronense, Neascus sp.), monogeneans (Aethycteron hargisi, 

A. malleus, Gyrodactylus etheostomae, G. freemani, Urocleidus adspectus), adult cestodes 

(Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, Proteocephalus pearsei, Triaenophorus stizostedionis), adult 

nematodes (Philometra cylindracea), adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus tenellus), 

copepods (Ergasilus confusus), and mollusks (Anodonta sp., Elliptio complanatus). Parasites only 

found in salmonids were adult digenetic trematodes (Phyllodistomum coregoni), larval/immature 

digenetic trematodes (Ichthyocotylurus intermedia), adult cestodes (Eubothrium salvelini, 

Proteocephalus exiguus, P. laruei), larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium ditremum, 

Diphyllobothrium sp., “rhyncobothrid” cestode, Triaenophorus crassus), adult nematodes 

(Capillaria salvelini, Cystidicola farionis, Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum), adult 

acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus tumidus), and copepods (Achtheres coregoni, Ergasilus 

nerkae, Salmincola extumescens). 

The numbers and percentages of autogenic and allogenic helminth species (in parentheses) for the 

fish families, respectively, were Centrarchidae (20 species, 77%, 6 species, 23%), Cyprinidae (13 

species, 62%, 8 species, 38%), Catostomidae (12 species, 86%, 2 species, 14%), Percidae (27 

species, 69%, 12 species, 31%), and Salmonidae (13 species, 76%, 4 species, 24%). 


The species involved in calculating Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity in the 

five major fish families were Centrarchidae (Ambloplites rupestris, Lepomis gibbosus, L. 

macrochirus, Micropterus dolomieu, M. salmoides, Pomoxis annularis, P. nigromaculatus), 

Cyprinidae (Couesius plumbeus, Cyprinus carpio, Luxilus cornutus, Notemigonus crysoleucas, 

Notropis atherinoides, N. hudsonius, Phoxinus neogaeus, Pimephales notatus, P. promelas, 

Rhinichthys cataractae, R. obtusus, Semotilus atromaculatus), Catostomidae (Catostomus 

commersonii, Moxostoma erythrurum, M. macrolepidotum), Percidae (Etheostoma caeruleum, E. 

exile, E. nigrum, Perca flavescens, Percina caprodes, Sander vitreus), and Salmonidae 

(Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, C. kiyi, C. reighardi, Oncorhynchus kisutch, O. 

mykiss, Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush). 

The Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity were low for all fish-family 

comparisons (Table 29). These coefficients ranged from a low of 0.0227 (Salmonidae and 

Catostomidae) to to a high of 0.1588 (Centrarchidae and Percidae). The next highest coefficient 

involved the Percidae and Cyprinidae (0.1136). 

433

Parasite species or a specific genus found in two or more fish families (in parentheses) were 

protozoans—Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (3); adult digenetic trematodes—Azygia angusticauda 

(3), Azygia longa (3), Bunodera sacculata (2), Crepidostomum isostomum (2); larval/immature 

digenetic trematodes—Apophallus brevis (3), Clinostomum complanatum (5), Crassiphiala 

bulboglossa (2), Diplostomum spathaceum (20), Posthodiplostomum minimum (6), Uvulifer 

ambloplitis (3), Ichthyocotylurus diminuta (2), Tylodelphys scheuringi (2); monogeneans— 

Gyrodactylus avalonia (4); adult cestodes-Cyathocephalus truncatus (2), Proteocephalus pearsei 

(2); larval/immature cestodes—Bothriocephalus cuspidatus (2), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (5), 

Triaenophorus nodulosus (6); adult nematodes—Dichelyne cotylophora (3), Hysterothylacium 

brachyurum (3), Rhabdochona decaturensis (2), Rhabdochona ovifilamenta (2), Spinitectus 

carolini (2), Spinitectus gracilis (5); larval/immature nematodes—Cosmocephalus obvelatus (4), 

Paracuaria adunca (3), Contracaecum spiculigerum (2), Camallanus oxycephalus (3), 

Eustrongylides tubifex (3), Hysterothylacium brachyurum (2); adult acanthocephalans— 

Acanthocephalus dirus (6), Echinorhynchus salmonis (12), Leptorhynchoides thecatus (8), 

Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (3), Neoechinorhynchus rutili (5), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli 

(2); leeches—Myzobdella lugubris (2); copepods—Argulus catostomi (2), Ergasilus caeruleus 

(4), Ergasilus luciopercarum (2); mollusks—glochidia of Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea (3). 

Discussion 

Lake Ontario is the smallest in surface area of the Great Lakes with an approximate length and 

width of 311 km and 85 km, respectively. Its mean depth (maximum) is 86 m (244 m). Its surface 

area is 18,960 km 2 . The major outflow of Lake Ontario is through the St. Lawrence River into the 

Atlantic Ocean. Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (2000) listed 106 fish species that are established 

in Lake Ontario. A total of 60 fish species (57%) in 21 families from Lake Ontario have had their 

parasites studied. The numbers of fish species examined and not examined for parasites do not 

add up to 106 established fish species as listed by Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (2000). One 

reason for this is that Moxostoma erythrurum, Coregonus hoyi, C. kiyi, C. reighardi, and 

Salvelinus fontinalis were examined for parasites from this lake, but these species were not listed 

as being established. 

The most-extensive study of fish parasites in Lake Ontario was that by Dechtiar and Christie 

(1988) who reported 224 parasite species (not including agnaths) associated with 56 fish species. 

The numbers in each main parasite group they found were Protozoa (20), Digenetic Trematoda 

(50), Monogenea (75), Cestoda (28), Nematoda (23) Acanthocephala (14), Crustacea (9), 

Hirudinea (4), and Mollusca (1). The number of parasite species found by Dechtiar and Christie 

(1988) in 56 fish species and summarized in this synopsis (226) from 62 fish species are very 

similar. Only five fish-parasite studies (making up 13% of all studies) have been done in this lake 

since 1980. 

434


Protozoans 

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis can cause weight loss and mortality in fish (Davis 1944; Elser 1955; 

and Allison and Kelly 1963). Trichodina spp. may cause severe hyperplasia of the gill lamellae 

and inflammation of the ureters (Richardson 1938; Davis 1947; Hoffman and Lom 1967). Several 

species of myxosporidians (Myxidium spp., Henneguya spp., Myxobolus spp., and Thelohanellus 

notatus) were found in the gills, kidney, muscle, mouth tissue, connective tissue, skin, cartilage, 

fins, heart, mesentery, and bile ducts, and can damage their fish host (Dogiel et al. 1958; 

Reichenbach-Kline and Elkan 1965; Reichenbach-Klinke 1973; Edwards et al. 1977). Glugea 

cepedianae, G. hertwigi, and G. pimephales can damage the mesentery and internal organs of 

fish. The gonads of Osmerus mordax have been damaged by G. hertwigi (see Dechtiar 1972a; 

Nepszy et al. 1978; Putz et al. 1965). 


Adults of several species of Crepidostomum, Acetodextra amiuri, and Sanguinicola occidentalis 

can cause inflammation and lesions of the intestine, reproductive system, and circulatory system 

in their fish hosts (Davis 1937; Perkins 1951, 1956; Wales 1958b). Of the larval digenetic 

trematodes, Clinostomum complanatum, Centrovarium lobotes, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, A. venustus, 

Ichthyocotylurus diminuta, I. intermedia, Ichthyocotylurus sp., and Tylodelphys scheuringi can be 

considered pathogens to fish as well as play a role in anglers discarding infected fish because of 

unsightly parasites (Kozicka 1958; Meyer 1958; Wales 1958b; Bychovskaya-Pavlovskaya and 

Petrushevski 1963; Dukes 1975). Smitherman (1968) demonstrated that fingerlings of Lepomis 

macrochirus had a significant reduction in growth and increased mortality when infected with 

more than 353 metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum minimum. The three species of Diplostomum 

can possibly cause subcapsular cataracts, lens discoloration and blindness, exopthalmic condition, 

and emaciation (Shariff et al. 1980). Crowden and Broom (1980) reported that Leuciscus 

leuciscus heavily infected with Diplostomum spathaceum spent more time feeding but caught 

fewer Gammarus, and spent more time in the surface water, which increased their vulnerability to 

predators. 

Monogeneans 

The ancyrocephalids, Dactylogyrus spp., Diclybothrium armatum, Gyrodactylus spp., and 

Tetraonchus monenteron can cause thinning of the epidermis of the gills, excessive mucus 

production, epithelial hyperplasia, and can produce portals of entry for secondary fungal 

infections (Mizelle 1938; Tripathi 1959; Dogiel et al. 1958; Prost 1963; Lester and Adams 1974; 

Hoffman 1976; Wobeser et al. 1976; Cusack and Cone 1986). 

435

Cestodes 

Several adult cestodes (Eubothrium salvelini, Cyathocephalus truncatus, Triaenophorus 

nodulosus, Triaenophorus stizostedionis) can be considered pathogens of fish by causing 

inflammation of the intestinal epithelium, disruption of the mucosa, and rupture of blood vessels 

at point of attachment. Eubothrium salvelini retarded the growth and condition factor, caused 

poor swimming performance, and caused aberrant behavior of Oncorhynchus nerka, thereby 

increasing susceptibility to predation (Smith and Margolis 1970; Smith 1973; Boyce 1979). 

Eubothrium salvelini also reduced condition factor in Salvelinus alpinus (see Hoffman et al. 

1986). Vik (1958) reported that Cyathocephalus truncatus caused the distension and perforation 

of the ceca and also mortality of trout. Proteocephalus exiguus and P. laruei were possibly 

involved in the mortality of young coregonines (Nümann 1972). 

Plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, 

Triaenophorus nodulosus, and T. stizostedionis can be pathogenic to fish. Duguid and Sheppard 

(1944) and Hoffman and Dunbar (1961) reported that Diphyllobothrium sp. caused an epizootic 

in Salvelinus fontinalis and S. alpinus. A major decline of Salmo trutta and Salvelinus alpinus in 

Norway was caused by Diphyllobothrium sp. (Vik 1965). Plerocercoids of Proteocephalus 

ambloplitis can cause severe damage to gonads, liver, spleen, and mesentery of Micropterus spp. 

and other fish species (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Esch and Huffines 1973; McCormick and 

Stokes 1982). Esch and Huffines (1973) and McCormick and Stokes (1982) demonstrated that the 

plerocercoids of Proteocephalus ambloplitis in female Micropterus dolomieu reduced their 

reproductive capacity by loss of oogenic tissue caused by scarring of ovaries, fibrosis, and direct 

oocyte destruction. Stromberg and Crites (1974a) reported that plerocercoids of Triaenophorus 

nodulosus infecting the mesentery and liver of Morone chrysops caused an acute inflammatory 

response, hemorrhage, liver necrosis, squamous metaplasia, fibrosis, and liver tissue 

displacement. Furthermore, Dechtiar and Christie (1988) reported that the livers of Morone 

chrysops had moderate to heavy infection of Triaenophorus nodulosus, causing serious problems. 

Nematodes 

Black (1984) reported that lesions of the swim bladder of Salvelinus namaycush may develop as a 

result of chronic mechanical irritation caused by mature Cystidicola stigmatura. Lankester and 

Smith (1980) reported that Cystidicola farionis caused raised ulcers in the swim bladders of 

Oncorhynchus mykiss. Willers et al. (1991) and Knudsen et al. (2002) reported histopathological 

changes in swim bladders of Salvelinus alpinus infected with Cystidicola farionis. 

Larvae of several nematodes (Cosmocephalus obvelatus, Paracuaria adunca, Contracaecum 

spiculigerum, Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Hysterothylacium sp. Eustrongylides tubifex, 

Spiroxys sp., and Philometra cylindracea) can cause problems and damage to a variety of nonintestinal 

sites in fishes when they occur in high intensities, and encysted or non-encysted. 

Eustrongylides tubifex, commonly called the large redworm, can cause the formation of large 

capsules in infected fish. Crites (1982) indicated that the larvae of Eustrongylides tubifex become 

encapsulated by the tissues of the organs they penetrate. He further suggested there is evidence 

that as these capsules in the body wall continue to grow and enlarge they put pressure on the 

436

viscera, which may castrate and even kill infected Perca flavescens. Larvae of Eustrongylides 

tubifex and adults of Philometra cylindracea may play a role in reduced growth and high 

mortality of Perca flavescens (see Allison 1966; Crites 1982; and Salz 1989). If infected fish are 

not cleaned in a timely manner, these redworms may move out of these capsules into the body 

cavity and cause anglers to possibly discard the infected fish. 


High intensities of the acanthocephalans Acanthocephalus dirus, Echinorhynchus salmonis, 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, and Leptorhynchoides thecatus can cause fibrosis, inflammation and 

hemorrhaging of the intestinal wall of fish resulting in impaired nutrient uptake (Petrushevski and 

Kogteva 1954; Bullock 1963; Schmidt et al. 1974; McDonough and Gleason 1981). 

Leeches 

Only Actinobdella inequiannulata, Myzobdella lugubris, and Piscicola sp. have been reported 

from Lake Ontario fishes but in low prevalences and/or intensities. They are of minor 

pathological importance, except possibly for A. inequiannulata that can damage the gills and 

operculum of catostomids (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988). 

Crustaceans 

The copepod parasites Ergasilus spp., Argulus catostomi, and Achtheres spp. can be considered 

serious pathogens when they occur in high intensities. Copepod movements on the gills of fish 

can cause destruction and hypertrophy of gill filaments. The first legs of Ergasilus spp. detach 

epithelial and underlying cells of their attachment area and sweep them toward the mouth. Heavy 

infections with Ergasilus spp. can severely damage gill tissue, interfere with respiration, open the 

way to secondary infection, and lead to death (Roberts and Janovy 2009). Although not in Lake 

Ontario, fish mortalities caused by parasitic copepods have been reported by Schumacher (1952), 

Allum and Hugghins (1959), Kabata (1970), and Rogers and Hawke (1978). Argulus spp., when 

feeding and attached, cause severe localized damage to the integument of their hosts, and these 

wounds may become secondarily infected with bacteria and fungi (Piasecki and Avenant- 

Oldewage 2008). Achtheres spp. attached to the gill filaments can cause epithelial hyperplasia, 

gill lamellae fusion, and partial or total loss of gill filaments (Piasecki and Avenant-Oldewage 

2008). 

Molluscs 

The glochidia of Anondonta sp., Elliptio complanatus, and Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea have 

been identified on the gills and fins of fish. Karna and Milleman (1978) reported that heavy 

infestations of glochidia can result in early death of fish by asphyxiation. 

437


Forty-one parasite species reported from fish in two or more families make up 18% of all the 

parasites reported from fish in this lake. These 41 parasite species have indirect life cycles with 

fish becoming infected by eating intermediate hosts or paratenic hosts, except for 

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Gyrodactylus avalonia, Myzobdella lugubris, Argulus catostomi, and 

Ergasilus spp. Most of the 41 species were digenetic trematodes (29%) and nematodes (27%). 

Only one monogenean species was shared between fish families. There are 185 parasite species 

that are host specific to one fish species or family in Lake Ontario. 

Jaccard coefficients of similarity for the parasite communities between individuals in the five 

fish-family comparisons were low, indicating these families did not share many parasite species. 

As was the case in Lakes Huron and Erie, the highest coefficient (0.1158) involved the Percidae 

and Centrarchidae. Although fish in Centrarchidae and Percidae have the most parasite species 

(69 and 58, respectively), these two families shared only 17 parasite species and this maximum 

coefficient was the lowest maximum in the Great Lakes. The next highest coefficient involved the 

Percidae and Cyprinidae (0.1136)., 


The monogeneans were the most-common parasite group, in terms of percentage, infecting the 

cyprinids, catostomids, and centrarchids. The digenetic trematodes were the most-common group 

in the percids. Cestodes were the most-common parasite group found in the salmonids. 

Most fish species examined for parasites from Lake Ontario were cyprinids (12 species) followed 

by salmonids (9 species). Cyprinids and salmonids harbored 47 and 21 parasite species, 

respectively. The centrarchids were infected with the most parasite species (69) followed by the 

percids (58 species). Catostomids were infected with 25 parasite species and had the highest 

percentage of autogenic helminth species. Cyprinids had the highest percentage (38%) of 

allogenic helminth species. As with the other Great Lakes, allogenic species did not make up 50% 

or more of the parasites found in these fish families. Based on the literature regarding the 

numbers of fish species examined in each family and the number of parasite species found, Lake 

Ontario is characterized by a mixture of cyprinids, centrarchids, and percids and their autogenic 

helminth species followed by the catostomids and salmonids with their autogenic parasites. 

The autogenic helminth species found that mature in fish include the larval/immature digenetic 

trematodes (Bucephalus sp., Centrovarium lobotes), larval/immature cestodes (Bothriocephalus 

cuspidatus, bothricephalid plerocercoids, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Proteocephalus sp., 

Triaenophorus crassus, T. nodulosus, T. stizostedionis) and larval/immature nematodes 

(Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus 

oxycephalus, Spinitectus sp., Philometra cylindracea, Rhabdochona sp.). Of the allogenic 

helminth species found in fish, larvae of the digenetic trematodes of Clinostomum complanatum, 

Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum adamsi, D. spathaceum, D. spathaceum huronensis, 

Diplostomum sp., Neascus sp., Posthodiplostomum minimum, P. minimum centrarchi, Uvulifer 

438

ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, A. venustus, Ichthyocotylurus diminuta, I. intermedia, 

Ichthyocotylurus sp., and Tylodelphys scheuringi mature in piscivorous birds; larvae of the 

cestode Dilepis sp. mature in piscivorous reptiles, birds or mammals; larvae of the cestodes of 

Diphyllobothrium ditremum and Ligula intestinalis mature in piscivorous birds; larvae of 

Diphyllobothrium laruei mature in mammals; non-intestinal nematode larvae of Cosmocephalus 

obvelatus, Paracuaria adunca, Contracaecum spiculigerum, and Eustrongylides tubifex mature in 

piscivorous birds; and Spiroxys sp. matures in turtles. 

Table 26. Parasites reported in fishes from Lake Ontario, 1930-2010. Host documentation, in 

order, consists of references; when observed (cdnp = collection date not provided); prevalence 



for the Dechtiar et al. (1988) article, intensity of infection (L = light, 1-9 parasites per host; M = 

medium, 10-49 parasites per host; and H = heavy, >50 parasites per host); location (lns = location 

not specified or incomplete); latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude/longitude not known). 




Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Body surface, fins, gills 

Host: 

Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 2%; L; lns; Ontario 





Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 



439


Host: 

Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 28%; H; lns; Ontario 

Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; H; lns; Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 4%; H; lns; Ontario 

Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; H; lns; Ontario 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; H; lns; Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; H; lns; Ontario 



Host: 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 15%; M; lns; Ontario 

Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 10%; H; lns; Ontario 


Capriniana piscium (Buetschli, 1889) Jankovski, 1973 

Synonym: Trichophrya piscium Buetschli, 1889; Trichophrya sinensis Chen, 1955; Trichophyra intermedia 

Prost, 1952; Trichophrya micropteri Davis, 1947; Trichophrya ictalurus Davis, 1942; Trichophrya 

salvelinus Davis, 1942; Capriniana aurantiaca Strand, 1926 


Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 17%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Scyphidiidae Kahl, 1933 

Scyphidia micropteri Surber, 1940 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 7%; H; lns; Ontario 

440


Scyphidia sp. 


Host: Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Myxozoa (Myxozoans) 


Myxidium illinoisense Meglitsch, 1937 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Gills, kidney 

Host: Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Henneguya acuta Bond, 1939 

Synonym: None 


Host: Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario 

Henneguya sp. 


Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario, llnk 

Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964, October 1967, July 1968; 4%; minp; Bay of 

Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968 and May 1968-September 1968; pnp; 

minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

441



Synonym: None 


Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; August 2001; 93%; minp; Hamilton Harbor; 43°17Ń, 

79°40´W 


Synonym: Myxosoma bibullatum Kudo, 1934 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Chritsie 1988; 1961-1971; 65%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Site of infection: Intracelleular in striated muscle 


79°40´W 

Myxobolus dentium Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1939 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Mouth tissue 

Host: Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Myxobolus fanthami Landsberg and Lom, 1991 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Loose connective tissue of head, body, gut 


79°40´W 

Myxobolus hendricksoni Mitchell, Seymour and Gamble, 1985 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Intracellular among tissues of brain 

Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; August 2001; 6%; minp; Hamilton Harbor; 43°17Ń, 79°40´W 

Myxobolus pendula (Guilford, 1967) 



Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

442





Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 26%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Myxobolus xiaoi Salim and Desser, 2000 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Cartilaginous tissue 


79°40´W 

Myxobolus sp. 

Site of Infection: Fins, gills, heart, muscle 

Host: 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario 

Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario 

Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 33%; M; lns; Ontario 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 4%; H; lns; Ontario 

Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; H; lns; Ontario 

Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 7%; M; lns; Ontario 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; L; lns; Ontario 

Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; M; lns; Ontario 

Thelohanellus notatus (Mavor 1916) Kudo, 1933 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Body musculature, mesenteries, base of fins 


79°40´W 



Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; August 2001; 6%; minp; Hamilton Harbor; 43°17Ń, 79°40´W 

443




Glugea cepedianae (Putz, Hoffman and Dunbar, 1965) Canning, Lom and Dykova, 1986 

Synonym: Pleistophora cepedianae Putz et al. 1965 


Host: Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Glugea hertwigi Weissenberg, 1911 

Synonym: Glugea hertwigi var. canadensis Fantham, Porter and Richardson, 1941 

Site of Infection: Intestinal wall, ovaries and mesentery 

Host: 

Osmerus mordax: Chen and Power 1972; April 1968- May 1969; 63%; minp; lns; llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 23%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Ehlinger 1966; pnp; minp; Port Ontario; 43°34′0′′/-76°11′16′′ 

Glugea pimephales (Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1941) Morrison, Hoffman, and Sprague, 1985 

Synonym: Nosema pimephales Fantham et al. 1941 

Site of Infection: Internal organs, muscle 

Host: 

Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Acanthocolpidae Luhe, 1909 

Skrjabinopsolus manteri (Cable, 1952) Cable, 1955 

Synonym: None 


Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; upper St. Lawrence River, 

Ontario; llnk 

Allocreadiidae Loos, 1902 




Host: 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-September 1969; 30%; 7; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

444



Synonym: Bunoderina sacculata 


Host: 

Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; lns; Ontario 


44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-September 1969; 17%; 7; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 




Host: 

Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 41%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario 

Crepidostomum canadense Hopkins 1931 

Synonym: None 


Host: Etheostoma nigrum: Hopkins 1931; June 1912; pnp; minp; Go-Home Bay, Ontario; llnk 




and Cooper (1915) (partim); Bunodera nodulosa of Stafford (1904) (partim), Crepidostomum cornutum of 



Host: 

Perca flavescens: Hopkins 1931; June 1912; pnp; minp; Go-Home Bay, Ontario; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario, 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 2%; 1; Bay of Quinte 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

445


Crepidostomum cornutum (Osborn, 1903) Stafford, 1904 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 39%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; M; lns; Ontario 




1931 


Host: 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 46%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Percina caprodes: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 60%; L; lns; Ontario 




Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; upper St. Lawrence River, 

Ontario; llnk 



Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Hopkins 1931; June 1912; pnp; minp; Go-Home Bay, Ontario; llnk 

Creptotrema funduli Mueller, 1934 



Host: Umbra limi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Plagiocirrus primus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

446


Azygidae Luhe, 1909 


Synonym: Mimodistomum angusticaudum Stafford, 1904; Ptychogonimus fontanus Lyster, 1939 


Host: 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario 

Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 43%; L; lns; Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario 





Host: 

Amia calva: Dectiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario 

Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario 

Leuceruthrus micropteri Marshall and Gilbert, 1905 

Synonym: None 


Host: Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Prosorhynchoides pusilla Stafford, 1904 

Synonym: Bucephalopsis pusilla (Stafford, 1904); Bucephalus pusillus (Stafford, 1904); Gasterostomum 

pusillum (Stafford, 1904) 


Host: Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

447





Site of Infection: Air bladder, ovaries 

Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Allacanthochasmus artus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 




Synonym: None 




Phyllodistomum coregoni Dechtiar, 1966 

Synonym: None 


Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

448


Phyllodistomum staffordi Pearse, 1924 


Stafford, 1904 (partim); ?Phyllodistomum carolini Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum lacustri of Dechtiar (1972) 

and Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988); Phyllodistomum hunteri Arnold, 1934 





Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Synonym: Distomum isoporum var. armatum MacCallum, 1895; Anallocreadium armatum MacCallum, 

1895 Simer, 1929; Bunodera armatum (MacCallum, 1895); Anallocreadium pearsei Hunter and Bangham, 

1932 


Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 42%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Megalogonia ictaluri Surber, 1928 



Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Noturus flavus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario 

Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 60%; M; lns; Ontario 

Lissorchidae (Poche, 1926) Yamaguti, 1971 





Macroderodiidae McMullen, 1957 


Synonym: Plagiorchis corti Lamont, Plagiorchis ameiurensis McCoy, 1928 


449


Host: 

Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 60%; M; lns; Ontario 


Synonym: Alloglossidium geminus (Mueller, 1930); Plagiorchis geminum Mueller, 1930 


Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 15%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Macroderoides typicus (Winfield, 1929) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932 

Synonym: None 


Host: Amia calva: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Plagioporus sinitsini Mueller, 1934b 


Site of Infection: Gall bladder, intestine 

Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 36%; L; lns; Ontario 



Synonym: None 


Host: Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

450


Transversotrematidae Witenberg, 1944 (Yamaguti, 1954) 

Prototransversotrema sp. 

Site of Infection: Under scales 

Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; Credit River, Ontario; 43°33′0′′/- 

79°34′59′′ 

Remarks: This is the only report of Prototransversotrema infecting a fish in the Great Lakes. 





Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Braun, 1879; ?Clinostomum gracile of Stafford, 

1904; ?Distomum gracile of Wright, 1879 

Site of infection: Gill arches, muscle 

Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964, October 1967, July 1968; 4%; 1; Bay of 


Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario 





44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; 2%; 1; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario 

Remarks: Dzikowski et al. (2004) stated Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum are 


451




Synonym: None 


Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Crassiphiala bulboglossa Poirier, 1886 



Host: 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 43%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario 

Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 11%; M; lns; Ontario 

Diplostomum adamsi Lester and Huizinga, 1977 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Perca flavescens: Lester 1977; May-November 1974; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/- 

77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Lester and Huizinga 1977; cdnp; 86%; 53; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Diplostomum huronense (La Rue, 1927) Hughes and Hall, 1929 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: vitreous humor 

Host: 

Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969c; 1967 and 1968; 3%; 2; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/- 

77°15′0′′ 


44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 89%; 26; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Remarks: Some investigators believe Diplostomum huronense is a synonym of Diplostomum spathaceum. 


Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819), Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1832; 




452


Host: 

Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; upper St. Lawrence River, Ontario; 

llnk 

Lepisosteus osseus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Amia calva: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 25%; L; lns; Ontario 


Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 66%; L; lns; Ontario 

Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 42%; L; lns; Ontario 

Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario 

Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario 

Notropis atherinoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario 


Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 91%; L; lns; Ontario 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 30%; L; lns; Ontario 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario 

Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario 

Umbra limi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 71%; L; lns; Ontario 

Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; Credit River; 43°33′0′′/-79°34′59′′; 

and Shelter Valley Creek, Ontario; llnk 

Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario 

Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario 

Labidesthes sicculus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario 


Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario 






Etheostoma caeruleum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario 

453


Etheostoma exile: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario 

Etheostoma nigrum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario 



Diplostomum spathaceum huronense (La Rue, 1927) Hughes, 1929 

Synonym: ? 


Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Host: Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 36%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Host: Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Neascus sp. 


Host: 


44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 2%; 3; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 





Site of Infection: Gills, liver, mesentery, internal organs 

454


Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario 



Labidesthes sicculus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; M; lns; Ontario 

Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971 3%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 25%; M; lns; Ontario 

Posthodiplostomum minimum centrarchi Hoffman, 1958 

Synonym: ? 


Host: 

Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 35%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; H; lns; Ontario 






Host: 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Heterophyidae Leiper, 1909 




Site of infection: Muscle 

Host: 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 






455


Apophallus venustus (Ransom, 1920) 

Synonym: Cotylophallus venustus 


Host: 


44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ichthyocotylurus diminuta (Hughes, 1928) 



Host: 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 54%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Ichthyocotylurus intermedia (Hughes, 1928) 

Synonym: Tetracotyle intermedia Hughes, 1928 

Site of Infection: Heart, kidney 

Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; Credit River; 43°33′0′′/-79°34′59′′; Shelter 

Valley Creek, Ontario; llnk 


Site of Infection: Heart, kidney, mesentery 

Host: 

Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario 




Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 70%; M; lns; Ontario 

Cottus cognatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario 


456











Synonym: Diplostomulum scheuringi Hughes, 1929 

Site of Infection: Eye, vitreous humor 

Host: 

Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario, 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavesens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 15%; 3; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Aspidobothrea (Aspidobothreans) 

Aspidogasteridae Poche, 1907 

Cotylogaster occidentalis Nickerson, 1902 

Synonym: Cotylogasteroides occidentalis Yamaguti, 1963 


Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Actinocleidus brevicirrus Mizelle and Jaskoski, 1942 

Synonym: None 


Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Actinocleidus gibbosus Mizelle and Donahue 1944 

Synonym: None 


Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay of 


457


Actinocleidus mizellei Hanek and Fernando 1972a 

Synonym: None 


Host: Micropterus salmoides: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake, 

Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Actinocleidus recurvatus Mizelle and Donahue, 1944 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 35%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Actinocleidus sp. 


Host: 



Aethycteron hargisi (Hanek and Fernando, 1972a) Suriano and Beverley- 

Burton, 1982 

Synonym: Urocleidus hargisi Hanek and Fernando, 1982 


Host: Etheostoma nigrum: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′); Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Aethycteron malleus (Mueller, 1938) Suriano and Beverley-Burton, 1982 



Host: Percina caprodes: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Aethycteron sp. 


Host: 

Etheostoma caeruleum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 60%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


458


Anchorodiscus triangularis (Summers, 1937) Mizelle, 1941a 

Synonym: Actinocleidus triangularis Summers, 1937; Actinocleidus anchoradiscus (Mizelle, 1941) 



Cleidodiscus baldwini (Dechtiar, 1974) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Urocleidus baldwini Dechtiar, 1974 


Host: 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1974a; 1969; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 90%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Cleidodiscus brachus (Mueller, 1938), Price, 1968 

Synonym: ?Urocleidus brachus 



Cleidodiscus robustus Mueller, 1934 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus incisor, Actinocleidus incisor 


Host: 


Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; M; lns; Ontario 

Cleidodiscus vancleavi Mizelle, 1936 

Synonym: None 

Site of infection: Gills 

Host: Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake, 


Cleidodiscus venardi Mizelle and Jaskoski, 1942 

Synonym: None 



459


Cleidodiscus sp. 


Host: Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964; October 1967; July 1968; pnp; minp; 


Ligictaluridus floridanus (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus floridanus Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus mirabilis Mueller, 1937 (partim) 


Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 67%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Ligictaluridus monticelli (Cognetti de Martiis, 1924), Klassen and Beverley and Burton, 1985 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Nares 



Synonym: Cleidodiscus pricei Mueller, 1936 


Host: 


Ameiurus nebulosus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake, Bay of 




Lyrodiscus longibasus Rogers, 1967 

Synonym: None 


Host: 


Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar 1973; pnp; minp; lns 


460


Lyrodiscus minimus Kritsky and Hathaway, 1969 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 



Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Fins, nares, skin 

Host: 



Lyrodiscus seminolensis Rogers, 1967 

Synonym: None 


Host: 


Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; Trenton, Ontario; 44°6′0′′/-77°34′59′′ 


Onchocleidus acer Mueller, 1936 

Synonym: Pterocleidus acer (Mueller, 1936) Mueller, 1937; Urocleidus acer (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and 

Hughes, 1938 


Host: 

Lepomis gibbosus: Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1980; cdnp; pnp; minp; Hamilton, Ontario; 43°15′0′′/- 

79°35′59′′ 



44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Remarks: Wheeler and Beverley-Burton (1989) list this as Cleidodiscus acer (Mueller, 1936) Price and 

Mura, 1969; Haplocleidus acer (Mueller, 1936) Yamaguti, 1963; Onchocleidus acer Mueller, 1936 

(Synonym: Pterocleidus acer (Mueller, 1936) Mueller, 1937; Urocleidus acer (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and 

Hughes, 1938. 

461


Onchocleidus attenuatus (Mizelle, 1941) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Urocleidus attenuatus Mizelle, 1941 


Host: 

Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1973; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Onchocleidus chautauquaensis (Mueller, 1938) Murith and Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus chautauquaensis (Mueller, 1938) Yamaguti, 1963; Tetracleidus chautauquaensis 

(Mueller, 1938) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938 


Host: 


Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1973; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay of 


Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978b; November 1971-October 1971; pnp; minp; Glenora; 

llnk; West Lake, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978c; May 1970-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora; llnk; 

West Lake, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Onchocleidus chrysops (Mizelle and Klucka, 1953) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus chrysops (Mizelle and Klucka, 1953) Price and Mura, 1969; Urocleidus chrysops 

Mizelle and Klucka, 1953 


Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Onchocleidus dispar Mueller, 1936 

Synonym: Haplocleidus dispar (Mueller, 1936) Mueller, 1937; Urocleidus dispar (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle 

and Hughes, 1938; Cleidodiscus dispar (Mueller, 1936) Price and Mura, 1969 


Host: 


79°49′59′′ 


462



Synonym: Urocleidus ferox Mueller, 1934; Onchocleidus nucronatus Mizelle, 1936; Cleidodiscus ferox 



Host: 


79°49′59′′ 



44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 



Micropterus dolomieu: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Onchocleidus furcatus (Mueller, 1937) 

Synonym: Haplocleidus furcatus Mueller, 1937; Urocleidus furcatus (Mueller, 1937) Mizelle and Hughes, 

1938; Cleidodiscus furcatus (Mueller, 1937) Price and Mura, 1969 


Host: 



Onchocleidus helicis Mueller, 1936 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus helicus (Mueller, 1936) Price and Mura, 1969; Urocleidus helicus (Mueller, 1936) 

Mizelle and Hughes, 1938 


Host: Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 71%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Remarks: This species is considered a species inquirendae by Wheeler and Beverly-Burton (1989). 

Onchocleidus principalis Mizelle, 1936 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus principalis (Mizelle, 1936) Price and Mura, 1969; Onchocleidus contortus 

Mueller, 1937; Urocleidus principalis (Mizelle, 1936) Mizelle and Hughes 1938 


Host: 



Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Micropterus salmoides: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 

463


Onchocleidus similis Mueller, 1936 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus similis (Mueller, 1936) Price and Mura, 1969; not Cleidodiscus similis Allison, 

1967; Onchocleidus procax (Mizelle and Donahue, 1944) Yamaguti, 1963; Urocleidus procax Mizelle and 

Donahue, 1944; Urocleidus similis (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938 


Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1981; cdnp; pnp; minp; Hamilton, Ontario; 

43°15′0′′/-79°49′59′′ 

Salsuginus fundulus (Mizelle, 1940) Murith and Beverley-Burton, 1985 

Synonym: Urocleidus fundulus Mizelle, 1940 


Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Host: 


Micropterus salmoides: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake, Bay of 






Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 64%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Host: 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 57%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

464


Tetracleidus glenorensis (Hanek and Fernando 1972) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus glenorensis (Hanek and Fernando, 1972) 


Host: 








Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 




Host: Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 57%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Tetracleidus stentor (Mueller, 1937) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Cleidodiscus stentor Mueller, 1937 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 




llnk; West Lake, Ontario; 44°9′0′’/-77°15′0′′ 



Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Remarks: Dechtiar and Christie (1988) state that infection of Pomoxis nigromaculatus may be an accidental 

infection from Ambloplites rupestris. 






465



Synonym: None 


Host: 


Perca flavescens: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Synonym: Cleidodiscus alatus Mueller, 1938 


Host: 

Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 57%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 







Remarks: This species is considered an incertae sedis until further living material is studied. 

Urocleidus dispar (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte; 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Lepomis macrochirus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Micropterus dolomieu: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-Septermber 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

466


Urocleidus fundulus Mizelle, 1940 

Synonym: None 


Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake; Bay 

of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Urocleidus furcatus (Mueller, 1937) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938 

Synonym: None 


Host: Micropterus salmoides: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake, 

Bay of Quinte; Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Urocleidus rogersi (Hanek and Fernando 1972) Beverley-Burton, 1984 

Synonym: Onchocleidus rogersi Hanek and Fernando, 1972 


Host: 


Morone americana: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 



Synonym: None 

Site of infection: Ureters 

Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus aureus Seamster, 1948 

Synonym: None 


Host: 


Notemigonus crysoleucas: Hanek and Fernando 1972b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 31%; M; lns; Ontario 

Rhinichthys obtusus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 67%; M; lns; Ontario 

467



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 70%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Dactylogyrus bulbus Mueller, 1938 

Synonym: Neodactylogyrus bulbus Price, 1938 


Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 59%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Host: Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 75%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dactylogyrus luxili Rogers, 1967 

Synonym: None 



Dactylogyrus ursus Mueller, 1938 

Synonym: Neodactylogyrus ursus Price, 1938 


Host: Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 27%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 



468


Host: 

Notropis atherinoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 67%; M; lns; Ontario 


Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 45%; M; lns; Ontario 

Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii Bykhovski and Gussev, 1955 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Body surface, fins 

Host: 


Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 42%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 






Ontario; llnk 






Octomacrum microconfibula Hargis, 1952 

Synonym: None 


Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Octomacrum semotili Dechtiar, 1966 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 67%; L; lns; Ontario 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario 

469



Gyrodactylus avalonia Hanek and Threlfall, 1969 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Rhinichthys obtusus: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 15%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Fundulus diaphanus: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 


Gasterosteus aculeatus: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 

Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 

Remarks: Hanek and Fernando (1971b) consider infection of Lepomis gibbosus to be accidental. 


Synonym: None 


Host: Rhinichthys obtusus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 78%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus etheostomae Wellborn and Rogers, 1967 

Synonym: None 


Host: Etheostoma nigrum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 38%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus eucaliae Ikezaki and Hoffman, 1957 

Synonym: None 


Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 88%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus freemani Hanek and Fernando, 1971 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

470


Gyrodactylus georani Hanek and Fernando, 1971 

Synonym: None 


Host: 


Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Gyrodactylus limi Wood and Mizelle, 1957 

Synonym: None 


Host: Umbra limi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus macrochiri Hoffman and Putz, 1964 

Synonym: Gyrodactylus elegans of Hargis, 1953 


Host: 




Micropterus dolomieu: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Micropterus salmoides: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 

Gyrodactylus medius Kathariner, 1895 

Synonym: ?Gyrodactylus carpio 

Site of infection: Body surface, fins 

Host: Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Gyrodactylus nebulosus Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968 

Synonym: None 


Host: 


Ameiurus nebulosus: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

471


Gyrodactylus prolongus Hargis, 1955 

Synonym: None 




Synonym: None 



Gyrodactylus stableri Hathaway and Herlevich, 1973 

Synonym: None 



Gyrodactylus stunkardi Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968 

Synonym: None 


Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 38%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Site of Infection: Fins, gills, skin 

Host: 

Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 67%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario 


Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 28%; M; lns; Ontario 

Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 45%; M; lns; Ontario 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 46%; M; lns; Ontario 


Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario 



Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; M; lns; Ontario 


472


Heteraxinidae Price, 1962 

Lintaxine cokeri (Linton, 1946) Sproston, 1946 

Synonym: Heteraxine cokeri Linton, 1940 







Host: Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 46%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Pseudomazocraeoides ontariensis Hanek and Fernando, 1971a 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 21%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Dorosoma cepedianum: Hanek and Fernando 1971a; July 1970; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Microcotylidae van Beneden and Hesse, 1863 

Microcotyle spinicirrus (MacCallum, 1918) 

Synonym: None 




Anonchohaptor anomalus Mueller, 1938a 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 15%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: None 


Host: 



473




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 88%; M-H; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Esox lucius: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Picton, Ontario; 44°1′0′′/- 

77°9′0′′ 




Synonym: Caryophyllaeus terebrans of Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim), Glaridacris laruei of 



Host: 





Host: Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Hunterella nodulosa Mackiewicz and McCrae, 1962 

Synonym: None 



Pliovitellaria wisconsinensis Fischthal, 1951 

Synonym: None 







Host: Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964, October 1967, July 1968; 12%; 1; Bay 


474



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario, llnk 

Salvelinus namaycush: Wardle 1933; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 



Synonym: None 







Host: 


44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 81%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Cyathocephalus truncatus (Pallas, 1781), Kessler, 1868 



Host: 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Hart 1931; 1926; 96%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Wardle 1933; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 




Synonym: None 


Host: Amia calva: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

475




Synonym: None 


Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 




Host: 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Micropterus dolomieu: Wardle 1933; cdnp; pnp; minp; Georgian Bay; 45°30′0′′/-81°0′0′′ 





Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; M; lns; Ontario 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Synonym: None 


Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 80%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Coregonus clupeaformis: Wardle 1933; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 

476


Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825) Nufer, 1905 

Synonym: None 




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967- April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77`15′0′′ 



Synonym: None 


Host: Amia calva: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 75%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 80%; M-H; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Proteocephalus pugitensis Hoff and Hoff, 1929 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


477






Host: 

Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario 



Synonym: None 









Host: 

Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Bothriocephalid plerocercoids 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Cysts connected to the wall of the stomach 

Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Pritchard 1931; February; March; and November of 1926, 1927, and 1928; 21%; minp; 

Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′; pnp; minp; Port Credit; 43°33′0′′/-79°34′59′′ 

Coregonus hoyi: Pritchard 1931; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte or Port Credit, Ontario 

Coregonus kiyi: Pritchard 1931; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte or Port Credit, Ontario 

Dilepididae Raillet and Henry, 1909 

Dilepis sp. 


Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

478





Site of Infection: Stomach wall 

Host: Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: Coregonus kiyi: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Site of Infection: Encysted in stomach wall 

Host: 

Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Coregonus clupeaformis: Mueller 1940; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk 


Synonym: None 




Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887), Benedict, 1900 


Site of Infection: Encysted in liver, mesentery, ovary 

Host: 


Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario 







Micropterus dolomieu: Wardle 1933; cdnp; pnp; minp; Georgian Bay; 45°30′0′′/-81°0′0′′ 


479




Host: 


Umbra limi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 





Cooper, 1919 





Site of Infection: Encysted in liver, mesentery 

Host: 


llnk 


Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969c; 1967 and 1978; 22%; 2; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/- 

77°15′0′′ 


Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964; October 1967, July 1968; 22%; 2; Bay of 





Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; lns; Ontario 



44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

480



Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. of Miller, 1943 


Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


“Rhyncobothrid cestode” 

Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: outside of intestine 

Host: Coregonus artedi: Pritchard 1931; February, March, and November of 1926, 1927, and 1928; pnp; 









Host: 


Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario 


Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; M; lns; Ontario 



Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779), Railliet and Henry, 1915 





(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi 1809; Agamonema leucisci rutili Diesing, 1851; 



Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis, 1928; 

Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris gracillima 




Host: Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

481




Synonym: None 


Host: 




Camallanus sp. 


Host: Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay of 



Capillaria salvelini Polyansky, 1952 


1953; Capillaria curilica Zhukov, 1960; Capillaria brevispicula sensu Moravec and Ergens, 1970 nec 

Linstow, 1873; Capillaria bakeri sensu Meyer, 1954 nec Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 


Host: Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Dichelyne cotylophora Ward and Magath 1916 

Synonym: Cucullanelus cotylophora (Ward and Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974; Dacnitoides cotylophora 

(Ward and Magath, 1916) 


Host: 


Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964; October 1967; July 1968; 5%; 1; Bay of 





Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte; 44°9′0′′/- 

77°15′0′′ 


44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


482






Ontario, llnk) 



Synonym: Cystidicola canadensis Skinker, 1930; Cystidicola stigmatura of Skinker, 1931 not (Leidy, 

1886), Cystidicola stigmatura of Ko and Anderson 1969 not (Leidy, 1886) 

Site of Infection: Air bladder 

Host: 


Coregonus artedi: Skinker 1930; July 1929; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Coregonus artedi: Skinker 1931; cdnp; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 52%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus hoyi: Skinker 1930; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 

Coregonus hoyi: Skinker 1931; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 

Coregonus reighardi: Skinker 1930; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 

Coregonus reighardi: Skinker 1931; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 



Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Pritchard 1931; February; March; and November of 1926, 1927, and 1928; 41%; minp; 


Coregonus clupeaformis: Hart 1931; 1926; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus hoyi: Pritchard 1931; 40%; minp; Bay of Quinte; Ontario 

Coregonus kiyi: Pritchard 1931; 20%; minp; Bay of Quinte; Ontario 

Coregonus reighardi: Pritchard 1931; 45%; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 



Sterliadochona tenuissima (Zeder, 1800); Metabronema salvelini (Fujita, 1920), Metabronema canadense 



483


Host: 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 56%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 36%; L; lns; Ontario 

Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; Credit River; 43°33′0′′/-79°34′59′′; Shelter 

Valley Creek, Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 





Synonym: None 


Host: 


llnk 

Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 












Host: 



44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

484



Site of Infection: Gills, blood vessel 

Host: Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: Philometra nodulosa (Thomas, 1929) 

Site of Infection: Under skin in the fins 




Synonym: None 


Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 77%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: None 


Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 18%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Rhabdochona milleri Choquette, 1951 

Synonym: None 


Host: Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Rhabdochona ovifilamenta Weller 1938 



Site of infection: Intestine, body cavity 

Host: 



44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Remarks: Tedla and Fernando (1969e) list body cavity as site of infection. 

485




Host: 



Etheostoma caeruleum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario 


Acuariidae Seurat, 1913 

Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825) 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Wong and Anderson 1982; 1980; 33%; 2; Leslie Spit; llnk; Outer Toronto Harbor, 

Ontario; llnk 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Wong and Anderson 1982; 100%; 24; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor, Ontario 

Osmerus mordax: Wong and Anderson 1982; 3%; 1; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor, Ontario 

Gasterosteus aculeatus: Wong and Anderson 1982; 60%; pnp; minp; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor, 

Ontario 

Cottus sp.: Wong and Anderson 1982; 100%; 4; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor, Ontario 

Remarks: This is the only report of Cosmocephalus obvelatus in fish from the Great Lakes. 

Paracuaria adunca (Creplin, 1846) Anderson and Wong, 1981 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Notropis hudsonius: Anderson and Wong 1982; October 1981; 33%; 1; Leslie Spit; llnk; Outer Toronto 

Harbor, Ontario; llnk 

Semotilus atromaculatus: Anderson and Wong 1982; 100%; 4; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor, Ontario 

Gasterosteus aculeatus: Anderson and Wong 1982; 60%; pnp; minp; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor, 

Ontario 

Cottus sp.: Anderson and Wong 1982; 100%; 5; Leslie Spit; Outer Toronto Harbor, Ontario 

Remarks: This is the only report of Paracuaria adunca in fish from the Great Lakes. 



Contracaecum spiculigerum (Rudolphi, 1809) 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Liver and intestinal mesentery 

486


Host: 

Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964; October 1967; July 1968; 9%; 1; Bay of 


Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 


Ontario 





Host: 






Host: 

Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 






Synonym: None 


Host: 



Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario 






487








Synonym: None 


Host: 










Spiroxys sp. 


Host: 











488








Agamospirura sp. 

Synonym: ? 


Host: 


Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 42%; M; lns; Ontario 

Remarks: Yorke and Maplestone (1926) refer to Agamospirura as a collective group for immature 

Spiruroidea. 







Host: 

Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 



Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 43%; M; lns; Ontario 

Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; M; Credit River; 43°33′0′′/-79°34′59′′; 

and Shelter Valley Creek, Ontario; llnk 

Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario 




489





Metechinorhynchus alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis 


Host: 

Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; upper St. Lawrence River, 

Ontario; llnk 

Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; M; lns; Ontario 




Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 92%; M; lns; Ontario 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario 


Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 86%; M; lns; Ontario 

Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 86%; M; lns; Ontario 

Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; Credit River and Shelter Valley Creek, Ontario 

Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario 



Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 70%; L; lns; Ontario 







44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968; May 1968-September 1968; pnp; 


Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970b; May 1967-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, 

Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 




Host: Coregonus reighardi: Pritchard 1931; February, March, and November of 1926, 1927, and 1928; 

45%; minp; Main Duck Island, eastern end; llnk 

490





Synonym: None 


Host: 


Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario 

Neoechinorhynchus cristatus Lynch, 1936 

Synonym: None 





Cleave, 1914 


Host: 





44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni Dechtiar, 1967 

Synonym: None 


Host: 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar 1967a; 1965; 56%; 8; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Muller, 1780) Hamann, 1892 



491


Host: 


llnk 

Amia calva: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario 


Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario 


Neoechinorhynchus saginatus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949 

Synonym: None 




Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Liver, intestine 

Host: 




Synonym: None 





Host: 

Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus artedi: Pritchard 1931; February, March, and November of 1926, 1927, 1928; 22%; minp; Bay 







492




Synonym: None 


Host: 

Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 





Host: 



Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; H; lns; Ontario 











44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 







Synonym: Echinorhynchus thecatus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus aricola Linstow, 1901 



493






Site of infection: Gill cover 


Actinobdella pediculata (Hemmingway, 1908) 

Synonym: ?Placobdella pediculata Hemmingway, 1912; ?Haementaria pediculata Autrum, 1936 

Site of Infection: Inner wall of operculum 

Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Wolf et al. 2008; May 2005; 100%; 4; May 2006; 25%; 3; Hay Bay, Ontario; 

44º10'N;77º56' W 




Ichthyobdella rapax Wass, 1972; Ichthyobdella richardsoni Meyer, 1940; Iobdellallin alba Meyer, 1940; 

Myzobdella alba Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella elongata Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella moorei Meyer, 1940; 


Site of infection: Fins 

Host: 

Ameiurus nebulosus: Appy and Cone 1982; 1981; 30%; minp; Hamilton Harbor, Ontario; 43º15'N, 

79º51'W 








Site of infection: Fins 



494


Piscicola sp. 


Host: 



44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


ArgulidaeYamaguti, 1963 


Synonym: None 


Host: 





Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabin Mueller, 1936 

Site of Infection: Gills, gill filaments 

Host: 

Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 17%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 





llnk; West Lake, Ontario; llnk 


West Lake, Ontario; llnk 


Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 

Lepomis gibbosus: Tedla and Fernando 1969a; August 1968; 66%; 24; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/- 

77°15′0′′ 




44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

495


Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968 and May 1968-September 1968; 59%; 


Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970c; 1968; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


Remark: Records of Ergasilus caeruleus on fish hosts before Roberts (1970) should be treated with 

caution. 


Synonym: None 


Host: 


Ambloplites rupestris: Tedla and Fernando 1969a; August 1968; 93%; 58; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 




llnk; West Lake, Ontario; llnk 



Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Lepomis gibbosus: Tedla and Fernando 1969a; 6%; 1; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 


Micropterus dolomieu: Tedla and Fernando 1969a; 93%; 45; Bay of Quinte, Ontario 







Host: 



Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969a; August 1968; 92%; 3; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/- 

77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969b; May, July, August 1968; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 

44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970c; 1968; pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

496


Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968 and May 1968-September 1968; pnp; 



Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 





Host: 



Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 80%; M; lns; Ontario 

Ergasilus sp. 


Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 17%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Achtheres coregoni (Smith, 1874) Wilson, 1915 

Synonym: None 

Site of Infection: Fins, body 

Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Hart 1931; 1926; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk 


Synonym: Achtheres ambloplitis Kellicot, 1880; Achtheres micropteri Wright, 1882 

Site of Infection: Gills, gill arches 

Host: 




Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978b; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora, 


Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978c; May 1970-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora, West 

Lake, Ontario; llnk 





497



Synonym: Achtheres corpulentus Kellicot, 1882; Salmincola corpulentus (Kellicott, 1880); Lernaeopoda 



Site of infection: Gills, gill arches 

Host: 

Coregonus artedi: Pritchard 1931; February, March, and November of 1926, 1927, 1928; 15%; minp; Bay 


Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk 

Coregonus clupeaformis: Hart 1931; 1926;


Host: 




llnk Westlake, Ontario; llnk 


Westlake, Ontario; llnk 

Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964; October 1967, July 1968; 31%; 6; Bay of 



Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969b, 1969e; May, July, and August 1968 (b) and May 1967-April 

1968 (e); pnp; minp; Bay of Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 

Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968, and May-September 1968; 91%; 



Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 



Synonym: ? 

Site of Infection: Fins and gill filaments 

Host: 












44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′ 


499

Table 27. Fishes by family from Lake Ontario from which parasites have been reported during 

1930-2010 using parasite data in Table 26. References in parentheses following parasites refer to 

reference for host records. 

Acipenseridae 


Adult Digenea: Skrjabinopsolus manteri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Crepidostomum lintoni, (Dechtiar 

and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Diclybothrium armatum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar 


Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, 

(Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Lepisosteidae 

Lepisosteus osseus (longnose gar) 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Amiidae 


Adult Digenea: Azygia longa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Macroderoides typicus, (Dechtiar and Christie 

1988) 


Adult Cestoda: Haplobothrium globuliforme, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus perplexus, 


Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Anguillidae 

Anguilla rostrata (American eel) 

Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988) 

Myxozoa: Myxidium illinoisense, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Azygia longa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

500



Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus macrocephalus, 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spinitectus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides 

thecatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Clupeidae 



Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Microspora: Glugea cepedianae, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Monogena: Mazocraeoides olentangiensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Pseudomazocraeoides 

ontariensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1971a) 

Cyprinidae 

Couesius plumbeus (lake chub) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., 


Monogenea: Octomacrum semotili, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Monogenea: Dactylogyrus extensus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii, (Dechtiar 

1971b; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus medius, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Myxozoa: Henneguya sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Plagioporus sinitsini, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Prototransversotrema sp., (Dechtiar 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

501


Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Dactylogyrus bulbus, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Dactylogyrus cornutus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and 




Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Plagiocirrus primus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Diplostomum 

spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Apophallus brevis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus aureus, (Hanek and Fernando 1972b); Dactylogyrus luxili, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Pliovitellaria wisconsinensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni, (Dechtiar 1967a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); 

Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Hirudinea: Piscicola sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Myxozoa: Myxobolus bartai, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus burti, (Cone et al. 2004; Cone and Marcogliese 

2010); Myxobolus fanthami, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus hendrickson, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus 

xiaoi, (Cone et al. 2004); Thenohanellus notatus, (Cone et al. 2004); Zschokkella sp., (Cone et al. 2004) 

Adult Digenea: Plagioporus sinitsini, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 

1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cosmocephalus obvelatus, (Wong and Anderson 1982); Paracuaria adunca, 

(Anderson and Wong 1982) 


502


Phoxinus neogaeus (finscale dace) 


Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Octomacrum semotili, (Dechtiar and Christie 

1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Microspora: Glugea pimephales, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Diplostomum sp., 

(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Microspora: Glugea pimephales, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Diplostomum 

spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 

1988) 



Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus stunkardi, (Dechtiar and 


Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona canadensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Monogenea: Gyrodactylus avalonia, (Hanek and Fernando 1971b); Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus dechtiara, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus pendula, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Monogenea: Urocleidus brachus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Octomacrum semotili, (Dechtiar and 




Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus saginatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

503


Catostomidae 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Dechtiar and 



Monogenea: Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Octomacrum lanceatum, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus spathulatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, 


Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Hunterella nodulosa, (Dechtiar and 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, 


Adult Nematoda: Philometroides nodulosa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Rhabdochona ovifilamenta, 


Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus 

cristatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Octospinifer macilentus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); 

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannulata, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Christie 

1988) 



Monogenea: Dactylogyrus urus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 

1988); Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar 


Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona milleri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Ictaluridae 


Myxozoa: Henneguya exilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Megalonia ictaluri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Acetodextra amiuri, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Alloglossidium geminus, (Dechtiar 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

504


Monogenea: Ligictaluridus monticelli, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ligictaluridus pricei, (Hanek and 

Fernando 1972a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus nebulosus, (Hanek and Fernando 1971b; 

Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar 



Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Appy and Cone 1982; Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 




Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Myxozoa: Henneguya exilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Alloglossidium corti, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Microphallus opacus, (Dechtiar and 


Monogenea: Ligictaluridus floridanus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Megathylacoides giganteum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Adult Digenea: Megalonia ictaluri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Alloglossidium corti, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Alloglossidium geminus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Adult Digenea: Megalonia ictaluri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Alloglossidium corti, (Dechtiar and 



Monogenea: Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


505


Esocidae 


Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar and 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Uvulifer ambloplitis, 

(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Tetraonchus monenteron, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar 


Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus 

tenellus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Myxozoa: Henneguya acutua, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Myxobolus dentium, (Dechtiar and Christie 

1988) 

Adult Digenea: Azygia longa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Monogenea: Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar 


Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Raphidascaris acus, 


Umbridae 


Adult Digenea: Creptotrema funduli, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Monogenea: Gyrodactylus limi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

506


Osmeridae 


Microspora: Glugea hertwigi, (Chen and Power 1972; Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Ehlinger 1966) 



Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cosmocephalus obvelatus, (Wong and Anderson 1982) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis, 


Salmonidae 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus 

intermedia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus laruei, (Dechtiar 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalid larvae, (Pritchard 1931); rhyncobothrid cestode, (Pritchard 

1931); Diphyllobothrium ditremum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Skinker 1930, 1931); Cystidicola sp., (Pritchard 1931) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus sp., 

(Pritchard 1931) 

Copepoda: Salmincola extumescens, (Pritchard 1931) 


Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum coregoni, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hart 1931; Wardle 1933); 

Proteocephalus exiguus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus laruei, (Hart 1931; Wardle 1933) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Mueller 1940); 

Triaenophorus crassus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Cystidicola sp., (Hart 1931); 

Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Echinorhynchus sp., (Hart 1931); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Dechtiar and 


Copepoda: Achtheres coregoni, (Hart 1931); Salmincola extumescens, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hart 

1931) 

507



Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalid larvae, (Pritchard 1931) 



Coregonus kiyi (kiyi) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalid larvae, (Pritchard 1931); Diphyllobothrium laruei, (Vergeer 

1942) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola sp., (Pritchard 1931) 


Coregonus reighardi (shortnose cisco) 


Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus sp., (Pritchard 1931) 



Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 





Adult Nematoda: Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus 

intermedia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 





Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Wardle 1933; Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


508


Percopsidae 


Myxozoa: Myxobolus procercum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum isostomum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Centrovarium lobotes, (Dechtiar 

and Christie 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus diminuta, 


Monogenea: Urocleidus baldwini, (Dechtiar 1974a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., 


Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus stizostedionis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Fundulidae 



Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum 

minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus fundulus, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Salsuginus fundulus, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus avalonia, (Hanek and Fernando 1971b; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); 

Gyrodactylus prolongus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactrylus stableri, (Dechtiar and Christie 

1988) 


Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Camallanus oxycephalus, 


Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Atherinopsidae 

Labidesthes sicculus (brook silverside) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum 

minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

509




Adult Digenea: Bunoderina eucaliae, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Dactylogyrus eucalius, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus eucaliae, (Dechtiar and 


Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pugitensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Gasterosteus aculeatus (threespine stickleback) 

Ciliophora: Trichophrya sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Bunoderina eucaliae, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Monogenea: Gyrodactylus avalonia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1971b); 

Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pugitensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cosmocephalus obvelatus, (Wong and Anderson 1982); Hysterothylacium sp., 

(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Paracuaria adunca, (Anderson and Wong 1982) 



Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Cottidae 



Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 





Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Cottus sp. (sculpin) 



510


Moronidae 

Morone americana (white perch) 

Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Scyphidia sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Myxozoa: Henneguya sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1969d) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Apophallus brevis, (Tedla and Fernando 1969d); Clinostomum complanatum, 

(Tedla and Fernando 1969d); Diplostomum huronense, (Tedla and Fernando 1969c); Diplostomum 

spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Tylodelphys scheuringi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); 

Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Onchocleidus rogersi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 

1988); Urocleidus rogersi, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a) 

Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Tedla and Fernando 1969d) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus 

nodulosus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969c; Tedla and Fernando 1969d; Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969d); 

Spinitectus carolini, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum spiculigerum, (Tedla and Fernando 1969d); Hysterothylacium 

sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides 


Mollusca: glochidia of Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea, (Tedla and Fernando 1969d) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus confusus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969d) 


Ciliophora: Capriniana piscium, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Neochasmus umbellus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Allacanthochasmus artus, (Dechtiar 

and Christie 1988); Allacanthochasmus varius, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Monogenea: Onchocleidus chrysops, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus 

nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides 


Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

511


Centrarchidae 




Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Crepidostomum sp., (Hopkins 

1931); Proterometra macrostoma, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Phyllodistomum lohrenzi, (Dechtiar and 



(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Cleidodiscus alatus, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a, 1978a, 1978b, 1978c); Cleidodiscus 

glenorensis, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a, 1978a, 1978b, 1978c); Lyrodiscus minimus, (Dechtiar 1973; 

Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Lyrodiscus rupestris, (Dechtiar 1973; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); 

Onchocleidus chautauquaensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1973, 1978a, 1978b, 

1978c); Tetracleidus stentor, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a, 1978a, 1978b, 

1978c); Urocleidus alatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus georani, (Hanek and Fernando 

1971b; Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Rhabdochona sp., (Dechtiar 

and Christie 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Spiroxys sp., 

(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Eustrongylides 

tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus 

cylindratus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Mollusca: Glochidia of Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea, (Hanek and Fernando 1978a, 1978b, 1978c) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Hanek and Fernando 1978a, 1978b, 1978c); Ergasilus centrarchidarum, 

(Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1978a, 1978b, 1978c; Tedla and Fernando 1969a); 

Achtheres pimelodi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1978a, 1978b, 1978c) 




Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proterometra macrostoma, (Dechtiar 




512


Monogena: Actinocleidus gibbosus, (Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Actinocleidus recurvatus, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a; Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Cleidodiscus robustus, (Dechtiar 

and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1978a; Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Haplocleidus dispar, 

(Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1980; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Haplocleidus furcatus, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Lyrodiscus seminolensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus avalonia, (Hanek and 

Fernando 1971b); Onchocleidus acer, (Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1980; Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 

Hanek and Fernando 1972a; Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Urocleidus attenuatus, (Hanek and Fernando 

1973; Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Urocleidus aculeatus, (Hanek and Fernando 1973); Urocleidus dispar, 

(Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Onchocleidus ferox, (Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1981; Hanek and 

Fernando 1972a; Hanek and Fernando 1978a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Onchocleidus similis, 

(Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1981); Gyrodactylus macrochiri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Dilepis sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Camallanus oxycephalus, 

(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Spinitectus carolini, 


Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides 



Mollusca: glochidia of Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea, (Hanek and Fernando 1978a); unidentified glochidia, 


Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1978a; Tedla and 

Fernando 1969a); Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Hanek and Fernando 1978a; Tedla and Fernado 1969a); 

Achtheres pimelodi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Argulus catostomi, 



Adult Digenea: Bunodera sacculata, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum 

minimum centrarchi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Actinocleidus brevicirrus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Actinocleidus gibbosus, (Hanek and 

Fernando 1972a); Actinocleidus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Anchorodiscus triangularis, (Dechtiar 

and Christie 1988); Cleidodiscus robustus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Cleidodiscus venardi, (Dechtiar 

and Christie 1988); Lyrodiscus longibasus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Lyrodiscus seminolensis, 

(Dechtiar 1973; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Urocleidus dispar, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); 

Onchocleidus ferox, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus macrochiri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Spinitectus carolini, (Dechtiar 


513


Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 




Micropterus dolomeiu (smallmouth bass) 

Ciliophora: Scyphidia micropteri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar 



(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum 

minimum centrarchi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Actinocleidus mizellei, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Onchocleidus ferox, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Onchocleidus principalis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek 

and Fernando 1972a); Tetracleidus banghami, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Cleidodiscus glenorensis, 

(Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Urocleidus dispar, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Onchocleidus ferox, 

(Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Onchocleidus principalis, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Gyrodactylus 

macrochiri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1971b) 

Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Wardle 1933; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus 

fluviatilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Wardle 1933); 

Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Dichelyne cotylophora, 


Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Eustrongylides 




Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969a); Achtheres 

pimelodi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Ciliophora: Scyphidia micropteri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar 

and Christie 1988); Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Monogenea: Actinocleidus fusiformis, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Actinocleidus sp., (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Onchocleidus furcatus, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); 

Onchocleidus helicus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Syncleithrium fusiformis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); 

Onchocleidus principalis, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Gyrodactylus macrochiri, (Dechtiar and Christie 

1988; Hanek and Fernando 1971b) 

514


Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus fluviatilis, 



Adult Nematoda: Philometra sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides 


Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Achtheres pimelodi, (Dechtiar and 



Monogenea: Lyrodiscus longibasus, (Dechtiar 1973) 






Monogenea: Cleidodiscus vancleavi, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Lyrodiscus longibasus, (Dechtiar 1973; 

Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Tetracleidus capax, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a); 

Tetracleidus longus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Tetracleidus stentor, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 




Percidae 

Etheostoma caeruleum (rainbow darter) 


Monogenea: Aethycteron sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Apophallus brevis, 


Monogenea: Aethycteron sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


515



Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum canadense, (Hopkins 1931) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Apophallus brevis, 


Monogenea: Aethycteron hargisi, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus 

etheostomae, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Trichodina urinaria, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Myxozoa: Henneguya doori, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Henneguya sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1970a) 

Adult Digenea: Bunodera luciopercae, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e; Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Bunodera 

sacculata, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Crepidostomum cooperi, 

(Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hopkins 1931; Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Azygia angusticauda, 

(Tedla and Fernando 1970d) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Diplostomum adamsi, 

(Lester 1977; Lester and Huizinga 1977); Diplostomum huronense, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); 

Diplostomum spathaceum huronense, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar 

and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Neascus sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); 

Apophallus brevis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Apophallus venustus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); 

Ichthycotylurus diminuta, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Tylodelphys 

scheuringi, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d) 

Monogenea: Urocleidus adspectus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a; Tedla and 

Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Gyrodactylus freemani, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1971b) 

Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Cyathocephalus 

truncatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988;Tedla and 

Fernando 1969e, 1970d) 

Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus 

ambloplitis, (Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla 

and Fernando 1969e, 1970d) 

Adult Nematoda: Camallanus sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Philometra cylindracea, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 

Tedla and Fernando 1969e); Rhabdochona ovifilamenta, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 

1969e); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Spinitectus sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1970d) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum spiculigerum, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Philometra 

cylindracea, (Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Rhabdochona sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Eustrongylides 

tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Agamospirura sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


(Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970a, 1970b, 1970d); Neoechinorhynchus 

cylindratus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Leptorhynchoides thecatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 

Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Tedla and Fernando 1970d) 

Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Piscicola sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d) 

516


Mollusca: glochidia of Anodonta sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1969b, 1970d); glochidia of Elliptio 

complanatus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969b, 1969e, 1970a, 1970d); glochidia of Lampisilis radiata, (Tedla 

and Fernando 1969b, 1969e, 1970a, 1970d); unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and 

Fernando 1969e) 

Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e); Ergasilus confusus, (Tedla and Fernando 

1969a, 1969b, 1970a, 1970c, 1970d); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 


Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum isostomum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Digenea: Tylodelphys scheuringi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Monogenea: Aethycteron malleus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 




Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Bucephalopsis pusilla, (Dechtiar and 

Christie 1988); Sanguinicola occidentalis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, 

(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus stizostedionis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Dichelyne cotylophora, 


Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Eustrongylides 


Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, 

(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides 



Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar and 


517


Sciaenidae 


Adult Digenea: Homalometron armatum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 



Monogenea: Lintaxine cokeri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Microcotyle spinicirrus, (Dechtiar and Christie 

1988) 

Aspidobothrea: Cotylogaster occidentalis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988) 

Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Agamospirura sp., 


Hirudinea: Actinobdella pediculata, (Wolf et al. 2008) 


group in five major fish families from Lake Ontario, 1930-2010. Parasite group abbreviations are 

Ci (Ciliophora), My (Myxozoa), Mi (Microspora), Dt (Digenea), Mo (Monogenea), Ce (Cestoda), 

Ne (Nematoda), Ac (Acanthocephala), Hi (Hirudinea), Co (Copepoda), and Mol (Mollusca). If a 

parasite in a group did not infect fish, the parasite group was not included in the table. 


Fish family Ci My Mi Dt Mo Ce Ne Ac Hi Co Mol Total 

Cyprinidae 1 9 1 9 13 4 5 3 1 1 0 47 

(2) (19) (2) (19) (28) (8) (10) (6) (2) (2) 

Catostomidae 0 1 

(4) 

Centrarchidae 2 

(3) 

Percidae 3 

(5) 

1 

(1) 

2 

(3) 

0 3 

(12) 

0 10 

(14) 

0 19 

(33) 

Salmonidae 0 0 0 3 

(14) 

6 

(24) 

35 

(51) 

5 

(9) 

518 

4 

(16) 

4 

(6) 

6 

(10) 

0 9 

(43) 

3 

(12) 

8 

(11) 

8 

(14) 

4 

(19) 

4 

(16) 

3 

(4) 

7 

(12) 

3 

(14) 

1 

(4) 

1 

(1) 

2 

(3) 

2 

(8) 

4 

(6) 

3 

(5) 

0 2 

(10) 

1 

(4) 

1 

(1) 

3 

(5) 

25 

69 

58 

0 21


in species of five major fish families from Lake Ontario, 1930-2010. 


Cyprinidae 1.0000 0.0615 0.0344 0.0576 

Catostomidae 0.0615 1.0000 0.0227 0.0555 

Salmonidae 0.0344 0.0227 1.0000 0.0487 


Percidae 0.1136 0.0921 0.0882 0.1158 

OVERALL SUMMARY FOR ALL GREAT LAKES 

Several factors affect the occurrence and distribution of parasites and the composition of parasite 

communities in fish. These factors include the physical features of the aquatic environment, such 

as its age and size, as well as the geographic range of the fish host, vagility of the fish host, the 

fish habitat use and age, the fish diet and position in the trophic relationships, the location of fish 

collections, and parasite-host specificity. The lack of information involving one or more of these 

factors makes recognition and interpretation of patterns in the parasite-community structure of 

fish in the Great Lakes difficult. Furthermore, the lack of information and of research on the 

parasites of fish in the Great Lakes demonstrated in this synopsis supports this statement. 

Fish-Parasite Commonality in the Great Lakes 

A total of 32 parasite species or distinct genera infected fish from all five Great Lakes. These 

parasites by major taxonomic group and fish species infected were protozoans—Myxobolus burti 

(Notropis hudsonius), Thelohanellus notatus (several cyprinid species), Zschokkella sp. (Notropis 

hudsonius); digenetic trematodes—Bunodera sacculata (primarily Perca flavescens), 

Crepidostomum cooperi (several species), Phyllodistomum staffordi (Ameirus spp.), Lissorchis 

attenuatus (catostomids), Clinostomum complanatum (several species), Centrovarium lobotes 

(several species), Diplostomum spathaceum (several species); monogenean—Urocleidus 

adspectus (Perca flavescens); cestodes—Bothriocephalus cuspidatus (several species), 

Eubothrium crassum (several species), Glaridacris catostomi (catostomids), Proteocephalus 

exiguus (primarily coregonids), P. pearsei (several species), P. ambloplitis (several species), 

Triaenophorus nodulosus (Esox spp.); nematodes—Camallanus oxycephalus (several species), 

Dichelyne cotylophora (several species), Raphidascaris acus (Esox spp. and Micropterus 

dolomieu), Spinitectus gracilis (several species); acanthocephalans—Acanthocephalus dirus 

(several species), Echinorhynchus salmonis (several species), Leptorhynchoides thecatus (several 

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species), Neoechinorhynchus crassus (primarily catostomids), N. cylindratus (several species), 

Octospinifer macilentus (catostomids), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (several species); copepods— 

Achtheres pimelodi (several species), Ergasilus caeruleus (several species), and E. luciopercarum 

(several species). Possible reasons why these parasites have been reported from all the lakes are 

that most parasites, except for Zschokkella sp. and Urocleidus adspectus, infected two or more 

fish species so they lack strict host specificity; and, if host specificity occurs, the specific fish host 

is present and has been examined from all the lakes. At least 23 of these parasite species have 

indirect life cycles, indicating that the necessary intermediate host species are present in all the 

lakes. All the helminth species listed above are autogenic species, except for two allogenic 

species, Clinostomum complanatum and Diplostomum spathaceum. 

Diplostomum spathaceum or unidentified species of Diplostomum infected the most fish species 

in Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, followed by Echinorhynchus salmonis in Lake Huron, 

Camallanus oxycephalus in Lake Erie, and E. salmonis in Lake Ontario. Diplostomum spp. are 

allogenic species as well as generalist parasites in that they can infect a large number of fish 

species as the second intermediate hosts and several piscivorous bird species as definitive hosts. 

Thus, they lack host specificity. Echinorhynchus salmonis infected the most fish species in Lakes 

Michigan and Superior followed by Acanthocephalus dirus in Lake Michigan, and Diplostomum 

spathaceum in Lake Superior. Echinorhynchus salmonis, an autogenic species, infected the most 

fish species in these lakes because of the various transmission pathways employed in its life cycle 

as well as it being a generalist parasite. Also, the first intermediate host, Diporeia affinis of E. 

salmonis, is probably numerous in these two lakes. 

Camallanus oxycephalus, an autogenic species, was the second most-common parasite infecting 

fish species in Lake Erie. Stromberg and Crites (1975b) reported that the prevalence of C. 

oxycephalus in fish from the western basin of Lake Erie showed little change in fish surveys 

between 1927 and 1957. However between 1957 and 1972, the prevalence of C. oxycephalus 

increased in fish, with significant increases in 11 fish species. Stromberg and Crites (1975b) 

suggested that reasons for this increase were increased numbers of its copepod intermediate host 

and faster movement of this nematode through the forage fish to the predaceous fish portion of 

their life cycle. Furthermore, Crites (1976) demonstrated that C. oxycephalus could establish in 

many fish that ingested the encapsulated larvae. 

A total of 49 parasite species or distinct genera were reported from four of the five Great Lakes. 

These parasites by major taxonomic group, fish species infected, and lake where the parasite 

species was not reported (in parentheses) were protozoans—Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (several 

fish species, Lake Michigan), Henneguya doori (Perca flavescens, Lake Superior), H. exilis 

(ictalurids, Lake Superior), Myxobolus bartai (Notropis hudsonius, Lake Superior), M. bibullatum 

(cyprinids and catostomids, Lake Superior); digenetic trematodes—Acetodextra amiuri 

(ictalurids, Lake Superior), Azygia angusticauda (several species, Lake Superior), 

Crepidostomum cornutum (several species, Lake Michigan), C. isostomum (Percopsis 

omiscomaycus, Etheostoma nigrum, Percina caprodes, Lake Michigan), Crepidostomum lintoni 

(Acipenser fulvescens, Lake Michigan), Phyllodistomum superbum (several species, Lake 

Ontario), Proterometra macrostoma (centrarchids, Lake Michigan), Sanguinicola occidentalis 

520

(Sander vitreus, Perca flavescens, Aplodinotus grunniens, Lake Michigan), Apophallus brevis 

(several species, Lake Michigan), Crassiphiala bulboglossa (several species, Lake Michigan), 

Posthodiplostomum minimum (several species, Lake Michigan), Tylodelphys scheuringi (several 

species, Lake Michigan), Uvulifer ambloplitis (several species, Lake Michigan); monogeneans— 

Acolpenteron catostomi (catostomids, Lake Michigan), Anonchohaptor anomalus (catostomids, 

Lake Michigan), Diclybothrium armatum (A. fulvescens, Lake Michigan), Lyrodiscus rupestris 

(primarily Ambloplites rupestris, Lake Michigan), Octomacrum lanceatum (catostomids, Lake 

Michigan), Pseudomurraytrema copulatum (catostomids, Lake Michigan), Tetracleidus 

banghami (Micropterus dolomieu, Lake Michigan), Tetraonchus monenteron (Esox lucius, Lake 

Michigan), Urocleidus aculeatus (Sander spp., Lake Michigan); cestodes—Corallobothrium 

fimbriatum (ictalurids, Lake Michigan), Cyathocephalus truncatus (several species, Lake Erie), 

Eubothrium salvelini (coregonids and salmonids, Lake Erie), Diphyllobothrium laruei 

(Coregonus spp., Lake Michigan), Ligula intestinalis (several species, Lake Michigan); 

nematodes—Capillaria salvelini (coregonids and salmonids, Lake Erie), Cystidicola farionis 

(coregonids, salmonids, and Osmerus mordax, Lake Erie), Cystidicola stigmatura (coregonids, 

salmonids, and Osmerus mordax, Lake Ontario), Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (coregonids and 

salmonids, Lake Michigan), Hysterothylacium brachyurum (several species, Lake Michigan), 

Philometroides nodulosa (primarily catostomids, Lake Michigan), Spinitectus carolini (several 

species, Lake Michigan), Eustrongylides tubifex (several species, Lake Superior), Spiroxys sp. 

(several species, Lake Michigan); acanthocephalans—Neoechinorhynchus cristatus (catostomids, 

Lake Michigan), N. rutili (several species, Lake Michigan), N. tenellus (several species, Lake 

Michigan); leeches—Actinobdella inequiannulata (catostomids, Lake Michigan), Myzobdella 

lugubris (several species, Lake Michigan), Piscicola punctata (several species, Lake Ontario); 

and copepods—Ergasilus centrarchidarum (centrarchids and Sander spp., Lake Huron), 

Salmincola extumescens (coregonids, Lake Erie). Of these 49 parasite species, 33 species (67%) 

have not been reported in fish from Lake Michigan possibly due to the lack of studies, including 

extensive surveys on the parasites of fish from this lake. 

Fish-Transmitted Parasites of Public Health Importance 

Diphyllobothrium latum Life Cycle and Human Infection 

Of the larval cestodes found in fish in the Great Lakes area with human health implications, the 

genus Diphyllobothrium deserves comments. Its life cycle involves copepods that serve as first 

intermediate hosts when they ingest the coracidium stage (free-swimming stage) in the water that 

emerges when the egg hatches. The larval parasite moves through the intestinal wall of the 

copepod to the hemocoel and develops into a stage called a procercoid. The infected copepod is 

then ingested by a large fish that then serves as a second intermediate host (which is probably not 

common) that includes several species of freshwater fishes, including fish from the genera Esox, 

Perca, Sander, and Lota, along with fish in the Salmonidae. When a fish eats an infected 

copepod, the procercoid is released and moves through the intestinal wall and into the viscera or 

body muscle and develops into a plerocercoid stage. Large fish also become infected by eating a 

smaller fish that is infected with the plerocercoid stage when it eats an infected copepod. Mature 

plerocercoids in fish vary in length (a few millimeters to several centimeters). Plerocercoids are 

521

commonly found unencysted and coiled up in the musculature and encysted in the viscera. 

Endotherms (birds and mammals, including humans) become infected by eating raw or poorly 

cooked fish infected with plerocercoids. Cestodes then mature in the small intestine of the 

endotherm, undergo sexual reproduction, and produce eggs that are released with the feces into 

the aquatic environment. Plerocercoids can be seen as “white masses” in uncooked fish but when 

the flesh is cooked, some worms may not be noticed. Thorough cooking of the flesh kills the 

plerocercoids. 

In the Great Lakes area, there are at least four species of Diphyllobothrium (D. ditremum from 

Lakes Superior, Huron, and Ontario; D. laruei from Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario; D. 

latum from Lake Superior; and D. oblongatum from Lakes Michigan and Superior) that have 

been identified infecting a variety of fishes in several families as plerocercoids. These species use 

the following animals as definitive hosts (in parentheses): D. ditremum (piscivorous birds), D. 

laruei (cats, dogs), D. latum (dogs, bears, humans), and D. oblongatum (gulls, terns). There are 

also many reports of unidentified plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium infecting several species of 

salmonids. Species of Diphyllobothrium in the plerocercoid stage that infect fish are difficult to 

identify to species. Furthermore, a few researchers believe that D. latum plerocercoids occur only 

in the genera Esox, Sander and Lota. 

Adams and Rausch (1997) listed 13 species of Diphyllobothrium that are infective to humans. Of 

these species, Diphyllobothrium latum is probably the only species in the Great Lakes that could 

infect humans, and all reports of human infections have been associated with Lake Superior and 

associated inland waters. The first report of D. latum infecting humans in this area is that of 

Nickerson (1906) who reported it from a child. Vergeer (1928) reported that D. latum was present 

in fish in the inland waters of the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula and 

nearby parts of Lake Superior. This information served as the basis for indicating that northern 

Michigan and the lake region of Michigan is an endemic area for D. latum mentioned in several 

older medical parasitology textbooks as well as in a nontechnical magazine (Porter 1978). Peters 

et al. (1978) specifically examined 62 Esox lucius, 35 Sander canadense, and 3 Sander vitreus 

from the same collection area of Vergeer (1928), as well as 38 Lota lota from the Portage 

waterway in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula and from the Otter River near Elo, Michigan for 

Diphyllobothrium latum. All fish examined by Peters et al. (1978) were negative for D. latum. 

Peters et al. (1978) reported that the most-recent record of human diphyllobothriasis diagnosed at 

the Houghton, MI laboratory of the Michigan Department of Health was in 1954. Peters et al. 

(1978) concluded “…the decline and probable disappearance of D. latum from this area is most 

likely due to culinary changes, resulting in few, if any, pike or other vector fish being eaten 

without thorough cooking.” We concur with the conclusion of Peters et al. (1978) and believe 

that, if D. latum is present in the Lake Superior area, it is very infrequent. Furthermore, Rogers 

(1975) did not find D. latum in a parasite survey of black bears (Ursus americanus) that included 

upper Michigan. 

522

Eustrongylides and Human Infection 

Eustrongylides tubifex is a common larval parasite of several fish species in a variety of fish 

families from Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario. It is infrequent in Lake Michigan fish and has not 

been reported from fish in Lake Superior. Tubificid oligochaetes serve as intermediate hosts for 

E. tubifex (see Karmanova 1965; Measures 1988a, b). Its low numbers in Lake Michigan and its 

absence in Lake Superior may be due to low numbers or absence of its tubificid intermediate 

host. 

In the life cycle of Eustrongylides tubifex and Eustrongylides sp., adult worms occur in the 

esophagus and proventriculus of piscivorous birds. After mating, the female produces eggs that 

are passed in the water with the bird’s feces. Nematode larvae develop in aquatic tubificid 

oligochaetes (e.g. Lumbriculus, Limnodrilus, Tubifex). Several fish species and amphibians 

become infected by eating these infected oligochaetes. In fish, the large, red larvae may be 

encapsulated or free in the body cavity and other areas. Humans become infected by eating raw or 

poorly cooked infected fish and by the swallowing of infected live bait minnows (Gunby 1982; 

Eberhard et al. 1989). To date, we are not aware of any humans infected with E. tubifex by eating 

infected fish from the Great Lakes, but it is possible. Humans infected with E. tubifex or 

Eustrongylides sp. is called Eustrongylidiasis, which is reviewed by Eberhard (1997). In addition, 

if the fish infected with Eustrongylides tubifex, commonly Perca flavescens, is not cleaned 

quickly upon capture, the red larvae may move out of their capsules and be found free in the body 

cavity or in the flesh. The person cleaning the infected fish may find them unfit for food. 

Dioctophyma and Human Infection 

One larval nematode in Lake Erie that may affect the health of humans is Dioctophyma sp. It has 

been reported from only one fish species, Micropterus salmoides, from Lake Erie by Bangham 

and Hunter (1939). It is not known if the identification of Dioctophyma sp. by Bangham and 

Hunter (1939) was correct since they did not report finding Eustrongylides tubifex in their survey 

of fish. Other investigators, examining fish after Bangham and Hunter (1939), reported E. tubifex 

to be a common parasite in Lake Erie fish. Eberhard (1997) reported that between 15 and 20 

infections of Dioctophyma renale in humans have occurred and “that these patients most likely 

became infected by eating raw or poorly cooked fish or frog meat.…” The normal definitive hosts 

are mink, and there are also reports of infected raccoons and skunks. The adult worms occur in 

the kidney. Gutierrez et al. (1989) reported a woman from Ohio was infected with a nematode 

larva undistinguishable from D. renale, and suggested that ingestion of infected raw fish was the 

probable source. Although we are not aware of any humans infected with D. renale by eating 

infected fish from the Great Lakes, the public should be aware of these possible infections by 

eating raw infected fish or amphibians or by swallowing infected live bait minnows. Infections of 

humans with D. renale are called Dioctophymiasis and, for a review, see Eberhard (1997). 

523

Exotic Parasite Species 

Mills et al. (1993) listed three exotic parasite species (the myxozoan, Myxobolus cerebralis; the 

microsporan, Glugea hertwigi; and the copepod, Argulus japonicus) that have been introduced 

into the Great Lakes. However, since then, seven additional species have been reported (Cone et 

al. 1994; Pronin et al. 1997, 1998; Hudson and Bowen 2002; Marcogliese 2008). Exotic parasite 

species by body of water, taxonomic group, and study are: Lake Michigan—none, Lake 

Superior—the mastigophoran Trypanosoma acerinae infecting Gymnocephalus cernuus (see 

Pronin et al. 1998), the larval digenetic trematode Neascus brevicaudatus infecting 

Gymnocephalus cernuus (see Pronin et al. 1997), the monogeneans Dactylogyrus amphibothrium 

infecting Gymnocephalus cernuus (see Cone et al. 1994; Pronin et al. 1998), and Dactylogyrus 

hemiamphibothrium infecting Gymnocephalus cernuus (see Pronin et al. 1998); St. Marys 

River—none, Lake Huron—the copepod Argulus japonicus infecting Perca flavescens, the 

copepod Neoergasilus japonicus infecting several fish species (Hudson and Bowen 2002); St. 

Clair River and Lake St. Clair—the myxozoan Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli infecting Apollonia 

melanostoma (see Pronin et al. 1997); the larval cestode Scolex pleuronectis infecting Apollonia 

melanostoma (see Pronin et al. 1997); Detroit River—the cestode Bothriocephalus acheilognathi 

infecting Pimephales notatus (see Marcogliese 2008); Lake Erie— Glugea hertwigi infecting 

Osmerus mordax reported by several authors; and Lake Ontario— Glugea hertwigi infecting 

Osmerus mordax in three studies. Routes of invasion of non-endemic parasite species and their 

fish hosts into the Great Lakes are attributed mainly to ballast-water releases by foreign 

commercial vessels, and the effect of these parasite species on Great Lakes fish communities 

should be cause for concern (Krueger and May 1991; Mills et al. 1993; Ricciardi and MacIsaac 

2000). 

Voucher specimens of some of these exotic parasite species mentioned above were not placed in 

a depository, so the presence of these species cannot be verified by examining specimens. 

Furthermore, drawings (diagrams) and/or diagnostic characteristics of these exotic species were 

not included in the published articles. It is emphasized that, when exotic parasite species have 

been identified in fish from the Great Lakes, journals publishing articles of this nature must 

ensure that investigators deposit voucher specimens of all exotic species and other parasite 

species in depositories, such as the United States National Parasite Collection, Building 1180, 

10300 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705-2359. This specimen deposit is critical to the future 

analysis of these data and to ensure quality control of the identification process. 

Major Parasite Groups Occurring in Fish in the Great Lakes 

There was little variation in the percentage occurrence of the major parasite groups in fish among 

the Great Lakes (Table 2). The protozoans (mastigophorans, ciliophorans, myxozoans, 

microsporans) varied from 10% in Lake Ontario to 27% in Lake Michigan. The myxozoans were 

the most-common protozoan group infecting fish from each lake. The percentage of digenetic 

trematodes ranged from 18% in Lake Michigan to 25% in Lake Erie. If information on 

monogeneans from Lake Michigan is excluded since only two species have been reported, the 

percentage occurrence of this group varied from 18% in Lake Superior to 35% in Lake Ontario. 

524

The percentages of cestodes varied from 12% in Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario to 17% in Lake 

Michigan. The percentages of nematodes ranged from 9% in Lake Ontario to 14% in Lakes 

Michigan and Superior. The percentages of acanthocephalans varied from 6% in Lakes Erie and 

Ontario to 9% in Lakes Michigan and Superior. Leeches varied from 1% in Lake Huron to 5% in 

Lake Michigan. Copepods varied from 4% in Lake Ontario to 8% in Lake Michigan. Mollusc 

species made up 1% or less of all the parasite groups in each lake. 

The percentage occurrence of the major parasite groups in the five major fish families 

(Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Percidae, Salmonidae) varied among the lakes (Tables 

6, 10, 16, 22, 28). For the cyprinids, the digenetic trematodes were the dominant group in Lakes 

Superior and Erie, and the monogeneans were the dominant group in Lakes Huron and Ontario. 

Protozoans, specifically the myxozoans, were most-common group in Lake Michigan cyprinids. 

In the catostomids, the acanthocephalans dominated in Lake Michigan, the digenetic trematodes 

were most common in Lakes Superior (tied with cestodes) and Huron, and the monogeneans were 

most common in Lakes Erie and Ontario.The digenetic trematodes were the dominant parasites in 

the centrarchids in Lakes Michigan, Superior, Huron (tied with monogeneans), and Erie (tied with 

monogeneans), and were the second most-common group following the monogeneans in Lake 

Ontario. For the percids, digenetic trematodes were the most common group in Lakes Michigan 

(tied with the nematodes) Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Cestodes were the dominant group 

in salmonids from Lakes Superior, Erie, and Ontario. Copepods were most numerous in 

salmonids in Lake Michigan followed by cestodes and nematodes, and nematodes were most 

common from Lake Huron followed by cestodes, acanthocephalans, and copepods. 

Rearranging the above parasite group information by lake, digenetic trematodes were the mostcommon 

group of parasites infecting centrarchids and percids in all the lakes, except they ranked 

second to monogeneans for the centrarchids in Lake Ontario. This information indicates that the 

centrarchids and percids more often than the other fish families use shallower and warmer 

habitats during warm-weather periods where and when the mollusc snail intermediate hosts are 

present. Furthermore, the digenetic trematodes or monogeneans were the most-common parasite 

groups in Lake Huron and in the cyprinids and catostomids from Lakes Erie and Ontario. 

Fish in each of the five families from each Great Lake were characterized by their temperature 

preferences. A general trend is that warm- and cool-water fish have more digenetic trematodes 

and monogeneans than the cold-water fish. Also, digenetic trematodes are the most-common 

parasite group in centrarchids and percids in most of the Great Lakes, which indicates that fish in 

these families share similar habitats in the lakes where they are exposed to digenetic trematodes 

as well as with the mollusc intermediate hosts used by the digenetic trematodes. 

Digenetic trematodes or monogeneans were never the most-common parasite group in salmonids 

because salmonids are cold-water species in all the lakes. The salmonid parasite community is 

instead dominated by cestodes, nematodes, or acanthocephalans. This infrequency of digenetic 

trematodes and monogeneans is due to the occurrence of salmonids in deep, cold-water habitat 

during warm-weather periods where mollusc intermediate hosts for digenetic trematode are 

absent or infrequent, and this habitat is not conducive for the occurrence of many monogeneans 

525

that have direct life cycles. Cestodes infecting salmonids use copepods as intermediate hosts, and 

these copepods are common in the cold-water habitat. Acanthocephalans use isopods, amphipods, 

ostracods, and maybe copepods as intermediate hosts. Most of the nematode species have indirect 

life cycles using a variety of intermediate and paratenic hosts (invertebrates and vertebrates) that 

salmonids feed on, thereby becoming infected with these parasites. Many of these parasite species 

may use paratenic hosts. A paratenic host (also called a transport host) is an animal that the 

parasite occurs in but does not undergo any development that is necessary for it to infect the next 

organism in its life cycle. Furthermore, the parasite does not mature in the paratenic host. A 

paratenic host can be considered a “bridge” from the intermediate host to the definitive host. The 

number of fish-parasite species in the Great Lakes that utilize paratenic hosts is unknown, but this 

means of transmission is believed to be common. 

The number of monogenean parasite species reported for the Great Lakes fish were: Lake 

Michigan (2), Lake Superior (26), Lake Huron (69), Lake Erie (55), Lake Ontario (79). The 

number of monogenean species increases as one moves downstream in the Great Lakes basin. 

However, the small number and nature of studies performed on Lake Michigan fish could play a 

role in this small number of monogenean species. Extensive surveys on the monogenean species 

have been done in the other Great Lakes but not Lake Michigan. 

One aspidobothrean species, Cotylogaster occidentalis, was reported from the large intestine of 

one fish species, Aplodinotus grunniens, collected in 1961-1975 from Lakes Erie and Ontario. 

Freshwater mussels are the normal hosts of C. occidentalis where it matures and undergoes egg 

production. It also has been reported from turtles and A. grunniens that are believed to be infected 

when they eat infected mussels. The infrequency of C. occidentalis in Lake Erie and Lake 

Ontario fishes and its absence in the other lakes can be explained by the fact that C. occidentalis 

normally infects mussels and only a few fish such as A. grunniens prey on mussels, and that A. 

grunniens was not examined from Lakes Superior and Huron. Also, the infrequency or absence of 

the mussel host in these lakes probably plays a role in the infrequency or absence of C. 

occidentalis in the Great Lakes. Aplodinotus grunniens was only examined in one study (Pearse 

1924a) in Lake Michigan and C. occidentalis was not reported. 

It is not known whether this lack of or infrequent reports of glochidia (larval stages of freshwater 

mussels) on Great Lakes fishes is due to a low number of unionid mussel species or to the low 

number of parasite species in the Great Lakes. Furthermore, some species of glochidia are hostspecific 

and it is possible that these fish species have not been examined for parasites. 

Parasite Host Specificity 

Host specificity plays a key role in the presence of parasite species in animals. The occurrence of 

a parasite species in an environment is made in association with the host species necessary for the 

completion and continuation of its life cycle. Specificity exists not only for the parasite to its host 

but also for the fish host to its environment. A parasite is dependent on the range of hosts in 

which it can occur and reproduce. The complexity of the life cycle of a parasite, the number of 

intermediate hosts required, and the specificity of the parasite at each stage of development will 

526

affect its distribution. If the appropriate intermediate and/or fish hosts are absent, the parasite will 

be too. 

The parasite community of a fish species is composed of the: 1) parasites specific to that species, 

or more commonly, a higher phylogenetic grouping of fish; 2) parasites whose specificity is 

determined by an intermediate stage in their life cycle; and 3) parasites that exhibit little host 

specificity. Fish are not only infected by parasites specific to them, but also by species 

secondarily acquired from prey. These latter parasite species will vary according to the 

environment inhabited by the specific fish species and the other fish species present. 

Based on the occurrence of parasite species in fish in the Great Lakes, many parasite species 

show strict host specificity to a single host species (e.g., many protozoan species and most 

monogenean species), some species show host specificity to a fish family (e.g., Thelohanellus 

notatus, Phyllodistomum staffordi, Lissorchis attenuatus, Glaridacris catostomi, Octospinifer 

macilentus), while other parasite species show no host specificity infecting several fish species in 

different fish families (e.g., Crepidostomum cooperi, Camallanus oxycephalus, Acanthocephalus 

dirus, Echinorhynchus salmonis). Other examples of parasite species in each of these specificity 

groupings can be found in the tables for each of the Great Lakes. 

Jaccard Coefficients of Similarity for Parasite Communities Among the 

Five Great Lakes 

Jaccard coefficients of similarity for the parasite communities among the five major fish families 

(Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Percidae, and Salmonidae) in each Great Lake were 

low, indicating that fish in these families do not share many parasite species, and as well, parasite 

communities in each family were not similar among the five Great Lakes (Tables 30-34). The 

centrarchids in Lake Michigan do not share many parasite species with centrarchids in the other 

Great Lakes, with the lowest coefficient involving Michigan and Superior (0.0689) (Table 30). 

The highest value involved centrarchids from Huron and Erie (0.4347), followed by Huron and 

Ontario (0.4090). Cyprinids in Lake Michigan share the smallest number of parasite species with 

cyprinids from the other lakes (Table 31). The lowest value (0.0588) involved cyprinids from 

Michigan and Erie. Parasite coefficients ranged from 0.1466 to 0.2941 involving cyprinids from 

Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. For catostomids, the highest coefficients were between 

Superior and Ontario (0.4250) and between Erie and Ontario (0.4210) (Table 32). Overall, the 

parasite communities of percids in the Great Lakes were the most similar, with the highest 

coefficients between Lakes Huron and Ontario (0.5000) and between Lakes Huron and Erie 

(0.4938) and the lowest coefficient between Michigan and Erie (0.2714) (Table 33). The 

salmonids in Lake Superior shared the largest number of parasite species with salmonids in Lake 

Huron (0.4761), followed by salmonids in Superior and Ontario (0.3000) (Table 34). Parasite 

faunas of salmonids in Erie and Michigan are most dissimilar with a value of 0.1250. Lakes 

Michigan and Erie are very different in their physical habitat; however, the habitat used by 

salmonids in these lakes may not be so different. 

527

Table 30. Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity for fishes in the family 

Centrarchidae from Lakes Michigan, Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, 1871-2010. 

Lake Michigan Superior Huron Erie 

Michigan 1.0000 0.0689 0.0806 0.1038 

Superior 0.0689 1.0000 0.3000 0.2151 

Huron 0.0806 0.3000 1.0000 0.4347 

Erie 0.1038 0.2151 0.4347 1.0000 

Ontario 0.0694 0.2571 0.4090 0.3523 

Table 31. Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity for fish in the family Cyprinidae 

from Lakes Michigan, Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, 1871-2010. 


Michigan 1.0000 0.0967 0.0724 0.0588 

Superior 0.0967 1.0000 0.2941 0.2142 

Huron 0.0724 0.2941 1.0000 0.2705 

Erie 0.0588 0.2142 0.2705 1.0000 

Ontario 0.0833 0.2452 0.2619 0.1466 

Table 32. Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity for fish in the family 

Catostomidae from Lakes Michigan, Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, 1871-2010. 


Michigan 1.0000 0.2500 0.1875 0.1311 

Superior 0.2500 1.0000 0.3846 0.2727 

Huron 0.1875 0.3846 1.0000 0.3913 

Erie 0.1311 0.2727 0.3913 1.0000 

Ontario 0.2000 0.4250 0.3800 0.4210 

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Table 33. Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity for fish in the family Percidae 



Michigan 1.0000 0.3061 0.3731 0.2714 

Superior 0.3061 1.0000 0.3150 0.3285 

Huron 0.3731 0.3150 1.0000 0.4938 

Erie 0.2714 0.3285 0.4938 1.0000 

Ontario 0.3281 0.3088 0.5000 0.4250 

Table 34. Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity for fish in the family Salmonidae 



Michigan 1.0000 0.2777 0.2857 0.1250 

Superior 0.2777 1.0000 0.4761 0.1400 

Huron 0.2857 0.4761 1.0000 0.1538 

Erie 0.1250 0.1400 0.1538 1.0000 

Ontario 0.2222 0.3000 0.1525 0.1428 

Parasite Species-Richness, Autogenic-Allogenic Helminth Species, and 

Jaccard Coefficients of Parasite-Community Similarity for Specific Fish 

Species 

Parasite species-richness, percentages of autogenic-allogenic helminth species, and Jaccard 

coefficients for the parasite communities were used to describe and compare the parasite and 

helminth faunas of specific fish species. For each of the five major fish families previously 

discussed and Osmeridae, one or two fish species (Centrarchidae—Ambloplites rupestris, 

Cyprinidae—Notropis hudsonius, Catostomidae—Catostomus commersonii, Percidae—Perca 

flavescens, Salmonidae—Coregonus clupeaformis, Salvelinus namaycush, Osmeridae—Osmerus 

mordax) were chosen based on the number of studies performed and available data from each 

Great Lake. These baseline data on parasite species-richness as well as on the occurrence and 

percentages of autogenic and allogenic helminth species and the other parasite groups in these 

specific fish species in this synopsis are important because data generated in future studies can be 

compared to them. Temporal difference in these data may indicate that one or more abiotic or 

biotic characteristics playing a role in the occurrence of parasites in fishes are changing in one or 

more of these lakes. 

529

Ambloplites rupestris harbored as few as 5 helminth species in Lake Michigan to as many as 27 

species in Lake Huron. The percentage of autogenic species was higher than that of allogenic 

species in all lakes and ranged from 60% in Lake Superior to 80% in Lake Michigan. The 

dominant autogenic helminth groups were the digenetic trematodes in Lakes Michigan and 

Huron, the nematodes in Lakes Erie and Ontario, and the acanthocephalans in Lake Superior. 

Ambloplites rupestris from Lake Erie had the highest percentage of allogenic species (24%). The 

number of parasite species shared by A. rupestris (and Jaccard coefficients) in two lake 

comparisons varied dramatically from 0 (0.0000) for Lakes Michigan and Superior to 21 (0.4285) 

for Lakes Huron and Ontario. 

The number of helminth species infecting Notropis hudsonius ranged from 3 species in Lake 

Michigan to 20 species in Lake Huron. The percentage of autogenic helminth species was higher 

than the allogenic species in Lake Michigan (100%), Lake Huron (72%), and Lake Erie (67%), 

the converse was true for the allogenic species in Lake Ontario (55%), and autogenic and 

allogenic species were equally abundant (50%) in Lake Superior. Overall, the dominant helminth 

group of the autogenic component was the digenetic trematodes; acanthocephalans were equally 

abundant in Lake Superior; and cestodes, nematodes, and acanthocephalans were equally 

abundant in Lake Ontario. The number of parasite species shared by N. hudsonius (and Jaccard 

coefficients) in two lake comparisons ranged from 3 (0.1200) for Lakes Michigan and Superior to 

14 (0.4118) for Lakes Huron and Erie. 

Catostomus commersonii harbored as few as 12 helminth species in Lake Michigan to as many as 

22 in Lake Huron. In all lakes, the autogenic component was the dominant component varying 

from 67% in Lake Erie to 100% in Lake Michigan. The highest allogenic helminth species 

component (33%) was in Lake Erie. The acanthocephalans were the dominant helminth group of 

the autogenic component in each lake. The number of parasite species shared by C. commersonii 

in two lake comparisons ranged from 6 for Lakes Michigan and Ontario to 21 for both the Lakes 

Huron and Erie and Lakes Erie and Ontario comparisons. The concurrent Jaccard coefficients for 

the parasite-community similarity for these two lake comparisons were 0.1795, 0.4667, and 

0.6176, respectively. This last coefficient (0.6176) for C. commersonii was the highest for the 

specific fish species compared. 

The number of helminth species in Perca flavescens ranged from 12 in Lake Superior to 36 in 

Lake Huron. The autogenic component was higher than the allogeneic component in P. 

flavescens from all the lakes and ranged from 62% in Lake Ontario to 80% in Lake Michigan. Of 

the autogenic helminth component, the digenetic trematodes dominated in Lakes Huron and Erie 

and the nematodes dominated in Lakes Michigan, Superior, and Ontario. The number of parasite 

species shared by P. flavescens in two lake comparisons (and Jaccard coefficients) ranged from 7 

(0.1795) for Lakes Michigan and Superior to 27 (0.4821) for Lakes Huron and Ontario. 

Coregonus clupeaformis were found to have as few as 4 helminth species in Lake Michigan to as 

many as 22 species in Lake Huron. The autogenic helminth component was dominant, ranging 

from 75% in Lake Erie to 100% in Lake Michigan. The autogenic helminth component makeup 

varied among the lakes with the cestodes dominating in Lakes Michigan and Ontario, cestodes 

530

and nematodes were equally abundant in Lake Superior, cestodes and acanthocephalans were 

equally abundant in Lake Erie, and the nematodes were dominate in Lake Huron. The number of 

parasite species shared by C. clupeaformis in two lake comparisons ranged from 2 for Lakes 

Michigan and Erie to 13 for Lakes Huron and Ontario. Jaccard coefficients were 0.1428 for Lakes 

Michigan and Erie, 0.1379 for Lakes Huron and Erie, and 0.5000 for Lakes Superior and Ontario 

and for Lakes Huron and Ontario. 

The number of helminth species in Salvelinus namaycush ranged from 2 in Lake Erie to 14 

species in Lake Superior. The autogenic component dominated in all the lakes and ranged from 

67% in Lake Ontario to 100% in Lakes Michigan and Erie. The acanthocephalans were the 

dominant helminth group in Lakes Michigan and Huron, acanthocephalans and cestodes were 

equally abundant in Lake Ontario, and the cestodes dominated in Lake Superior. The number of 

parasite species shared by S. namaycush in two lake comparisons (and Jaccard coefficients) 

ranged from 0 (0.0000) for Lakes Michigan and Erie and Lakes Erie and Ontario to 5 (0.2173) for 

Lakes Superior and Huron. 

The number of helminth species in Osmerus mordax ranged from 5 in Lake Michigan to 15 in 

Lake Huron. The autogenic component dominated in four lakes, ranging from 70% in Lake Erie 

to 89% in Lake Superior, and was 50% in Lake Ontario. The acanthocephalans were the 

dominant helminth group (adult digeneans were not found) of the autogenic component in Lakes 

Michigan, Superior, Erie, and Ontario, and the nematodes were most common in Lake Huron. 

The number of parasite species shared by O. mordax in two lake comparisons were 3 for Lakes 

Michigan and Erie, Lakes Michigan and Ontario, and Lakes Superior and Erie, and 6 for Lakes 

Huron and Erie. The corresponding Jaccard coefficients were 0.2307, 0.3750, 0.1764, and 0.5000, 

respectively. 

The variability in the helminth species-richness values in these specific fish species is dramatic, 

ranging from 2 in Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Erie to 36 in Perca flavescens in Lake Huron. 

Helminth species-richness for Ambloplites rupestris, Notropis hudsonius, Catostomus 

commersonii, Coregonus clupeaformis, and Osmerus mordax was lowest in Lake Michigan and 

highest in Lake Huron. The low species-richness in Lake Michigan is believed due to a lack of an 

extensive parasite survey as has been done in the other Great Lakes as well as fewer studies 

having been performed in this lake. Only 41 parasite studies have been done in Lake Michigan 

compared to 60 studies in Lake Huron. A possible reason why more parasite studies have been 

done in Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario is that researchers from both Canada and the 

United States share research and management of these waters, which is not the case for Lake 

Michigan. 

The low Jaccard coefficients of Ambloplites rupestris, Notropis hudsonius, Catostomus 

commersonii, Perca flavescens, Coregonus clupeaformis, Salvelinus namaycush, and Osmerus 

mordax indicate that there is a low degree of similarity of the parasite communities among the 

lakes for each of these fish species. These low coefficients and the low number of shared 

helminth species among the lakes support the findings of Esch et al. (1988) for locations in the 

British Isles—that helminth communities in the same fish species show a low degree of similarity 

531

in composition and numbers between locations and appear to be stochastic in nature. This 

variability in helminth (parasite) species-richness and low Jaccard coefficients for parasitecommunity 

similarity for these same fish species provides more evidence that the parasite faunas 

are different among the Great Lakes. 

Comparisons of Jaccard coefficients were made for each fish species between lakes and its family 

between lakes to determine if differences existed in them in the lake pairs examined. The highest 

Jaccard coefficients for the parasite communities for each specific fish species and for the fish 

families each fish species is in among the lakes (first and second coefficients), and lowest 

coefficients for each specific fish species and for the fish families each species is in (third and 

fourth coefficients) (in parentheses) were: Ambloplites rupestris (0.4285, Lakes Huron and 

Ontario; 0.4347, Lakes Huron and Erie; and 0.0000, Lakes Michigan and Superior; 0.0689, Lakes 

Michigan and Superior); Notropis hudsonius (0.4138, Lakes Superior and Erie; 0.2941, Lakes 

Superior and Huron; and 0.1200, Lakes Michigan and Superior; 0.0588, Lakes Michigan and 

Erie); Catostomus commersonii (0.6176, Lakes Erie and Ontario; 0.4250, Lakes Superior and 

Ontario; and 0.1795, Lakes Michigan and Erie; 0.1311, Lakes Michigan and Erie); Perca 

flavescens (0.4821, Lakes Huron and Ontario; 0.5000, Lakes Huron and Ontario; and 0.1795, 

Lakes Michigan and Superior; 0.2714, Lakes Michigan and Erie); Coregonus clupeaformis 

(0.5000, Lakes Superior and Ontario; 0.4776, Lakes Superior and Huron; and 0.1379, Lakes 

Huron and Erie; 0.1250, Lakes Michigan and Erie); Salvelinus namaycush (0.2173, Lakes 

Superior and Huron; 0.4761, Lakes Superior and Huron; and 0.0000, Lakes Erie and Ontario; 

0.1250, Lakes Michigan and Erie); Osmerus mordax (0.3750, Lakes Michigan and Ontario; 

0.3750, Lakes Michigan and Ontario; and 0.1764, Lakes Superior and Erie; 0.1764, Lakes 

Superior and Erie). These coefficients indicate that: 1) the highest coefficients for a fish species 

and its family may not involve the same two lakes, demonstrating different coefficients may be 

obtained when one fish species or fish family is being compared; 2) there is variation between 

lakes in that a fish species may share very few species, or it may share a number of parasite 

species between lakes; and 3) variation in these coefficients indicates that some parasite species 

are host-specific or not host-specific to a certain fish species or fish family. 

Each fish species occupies similar habitats in the different Great Lakes, and are therefore believed 

to be exposed to similar parasites and their intermediate and paratenic hosts. Also, fish in the 

Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Percidae, and Salmonidae in the Great Lakes are 

similar to one another when the percentages of major parasite taxonomic groups are compared 

among lakes, but the specific parasite species making up each major parasite taxonomic group 

infecting fish are not that similar among the lakes. This finding indicates the factors involved in 

the occurrence of parasite species in the same fish species are different from Great Lake to Great 

Lake. Therefore, the Jaccard coefficients of parasite-community similarity are low among the 

lakes. Many protozoan and most monogenean species with their fish-host specificity are not 

shared by fish species or fish families, so these parasite groups play a major role in these low 

Jaccard coefficients. 

532

Our analysis of the information and data from this synthesis of parasite studies conducted during 

1871-2010 indicates that there is a close association between parasites and their specific fish hosts 

or fish families within each Great Lake but not among the lakes. Only 32 parasite species 

occurred in all the Great Lakes, and 49 parasite species infected fish from four of the five Great 

Lakes. Furthermore, each Great Lake with its fish examined in the Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, 

Catostomidae, Percidae, and Salmonidae and their associated parasites “somewhat stand alone” 

and are different from each other. In other words, the same fish species among the lakes do not 

share many parasite species. 

Lakes, Fish Faunas, and Parasite Communities 

One approach to characterize the parasites of fish is to describe the helminth communities based 

on the aquatic environment the fish occur in. Wisniewski (1958) suggested that the abiotic and 

biotic characteristics of the body of water influence and determine the parasite fauna of fish, and 

Dogiel (1962) proposed that the parasites found in fish are related to the food eaten. Esch (1971) 

further developed these ideas by suggesting that the ecological succession of the aquatic 

environment and the trophic level occupied by fish species are important in determing the 

composition of their parasites. He proposed that as lentic environments undergo succession from 

oligotrophy to mesotrophy to eutrophy the parasites of fish also change through time. He 

collected data on only the helminth parasite species of centrarchids from oligotrophic Gull Lake 

and eutrophic Wintergreen and Duck Lakes in Michigan. He reported that fish from the 

oligotrophic system harbored a larger number of adult helminth species that complete their life 

cycle in fish (autogenic species) and a smaller number of larval helminths, whereas fish in the 

eutrophic lakes had a proportionately larger number of larval helminths which complete their life 

cycles in piscivoruos birds and mammals (allogenic species). 

That autogenic helminths predominate in oligotrophic lakes and allogenic helminths predominate 

in eutrophic lakes is based on a premise, accepted by some aquatic parasitologists, that cold-water 

lakes (oligotrophic systems) are relatively closed to the surrounding environment requiring that 

most parasites obtain maturity in fish. On the other hand, fish in warm-water lakes (eutrophic 

systems), where it has been suggested there is more aquatic-terrestrial or peripheral interaction 

among organisms, will have more parasite species that mature in piscivorous birds and mammals 

associated with the lake. If this is true, fish in cold-water lakes will have more autogenic helminth 

species than allogenic species and vice versa in warm-water lakes. 

In North America, cold-water lakes usually have a dominant salmonid fish fauna, whereas warmwater 

lakes normally have a dominant centrarchid fish fauna. An intermediate lake type between 

these two may have a more mixed population with percids (cool-water species) often dominant. 

There is really a transition from cold-water to warm-water lakes. In theory, the maximum number 

of parasite species of salmonids will occur in cold-water conditions and maximum number of 

parasite species of centrarchids will occur in warm-water conditions. 

533

In Lake Michigan, percids harbored the most parasite species (33) followed by the salmonids 

(27), catostomids (15), centrarchids (13), and cyprinids (12). Nine studies have been performed 

on the parasites of Perca flavescens. Parasite studies were done on 11 salmonid species with the 

most-studied species being Salvelinus namycush (8 studies), Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (7 

studies), and Coregonus hoyi (6 studies). A total of 90 parasite species have been reported from 

fish in this lake. Salmonids (cold-water species) and P. flavescens (cool-water species) and their 

autogenic helminth parasites are prominent in Lake Michigan, whereas the cyprinids and their 

parasites are a minor component. 

In Lake Superior, salmonids harbored the most parasite species (45), followed by the percids 

(39), catostomids (32), cyprinids (29), and centrarchids (24). The most-studied species were the 

salmonids Coregonus artedi (13 studies) and Salvelinus namaycush (9 studies). Only one study 

was performed on the parasites of Perca flavescens. A total of 148 parasite species have been 

reported from fish in this lake. Salmonids and their autogenic helminths are prominent in this 

lake, followed by P. flavescens and its autogenic helminths. The percentages of autogenic and 

allogenic helminth species in the cyprinids were similar. 

In Lake Huron, cyprinids harbored the most parasite species (66), followed by the percids (64), 

centrarchids (51), salmonids (50), and catostomids (43). Twenty cyprinid species and 14 

salmonid species have been examined, whereas the number of species examined in the other 

families was eight or less. The most-studied species of cyprinids were Cyprinus carpio (5 

studies), Notropis hudsonius (6 studies), and Pimephales promelas (4 studies). The most-studied 

salmonid species was Coregonus clupeaformis (10 studies). Ten studies have been performed on 

Perca flavescens. The largest number of parasite species (242) was reported from this lake. The 

cyprinids and their autogenic helminths are prominent in Lake Huron, closely followed by the 

percids and centrarchids and their autogenic helminths, and then by the salmonids and 

catostomids. 

A total of 231 parasite species were reported from Lake Erie. The largest number of studies on 

the largest number of species representing the largest number of fish families was done in Lake 

Erie. Centrarchids harbored the most parasite species (76), followed by the percids (64), 

catostomids (54), cyprinids (47), and the salmonids (14). Parasite studies were done on 23 

cyprinid species, 13 percid species, 9 catostomid species, and 9 centrarchid species. Perca 

flavescens was the most-studied species (18 studies) followed by Micropterus dolomieu (8 

studies) and Micropterus salmoides, Ambloplites rupestris, and Lepomis gibbosus that had 5 

studies each. Lake Erie is characterized by having a mixture of centrarchids, percids, catostomids, 

and cyprinids and their autogenic helminths. Salmonids and their parasites are a minor component 

in Lake Erie. 

In Lake Ontario, 228 parasite species have been reported. Centrarchids harbored the most parasite 

species (69), followed by the percids (58), cyprinids (47), catostomids (25), and salmonids (21). 

Twelve cyprinid species, 7 centrarchid species, 9 salmonid species, and 6 percid species were 

examined for parasites. The most-studied species were Perca flavescens (14 studies) and 

Ambloplites rupestris (10 studies). Lake Ontario is characterized by having a mixture of mainly 

534

centrarchids, percids, and cyprinids and their autogenic helminths, followed by the catostomids 

and salmonids and their autogenic parasites. 

In general, fish species in the five major families examined for parasites were different among the 

Great Lakes. Percids were most commonly examined in Lake Michigan, salmonids in Lake 

Superior, cyprinids in Lake Huron, and centrarchids and percids in Lakes Erie and Ontario. The 

common thread among these lakes is that percid parasites were the most-dominant group or the 

second most-dominant group in each lake probably because of the large number of studies and/or 

extensive survey(s) performed on the parasites of Perca flavescens. Perca flavescens had the 

highest parasite species-richness in each Great Lake, except for Coregonus artedi in Lake 

Superior. Because there was variation in the fish species examined among the Great Lakes, the 

reported parasite communities in fish from each lake were different, and therefore the Jaccard 

coefficients are low for the parasite-community comparisons. 

It is probable that, as the number of fish species examined and number of parasite studies 

performed increases, so will the number of parasite species found in each Great Lake, especially 

those parasite species that are host-specific to a fish species or fish family. Although not 

significant, correlations were high between the number of parasite species reported from each 

lake and number of fish species examined and number of parasite studies performed. 

Furthermore, some of these parasitological results summarized in this synopsis for each Great 

Lake may be artifacts of sample size, may be influenced by the number of individuals of various 

fish species examined, may be affected by the number or lack of studies performed on specific 

fish species, and may be biased by the lack of studies on other fish species. 

Conceptual Framework to Study Fish Health in the Great Lakes 

Riley et al. (2008) proposed a conceptual framework for conducting ecologically oriented fish 

health research in the Great Lakes. Their premise was that a dysfunctional ecosystem, one that 

has been disrupted to reduce vigor, organization, or resilience, may show a wider range of 

variability to factors that influence disease transmission, thereby increasing the likelihood that the 

threshold required for epizootics will be exceeded. The material they presented focused on 

viruses and bacteria of fish, and they discussed three models involving thiamine deficiency 

complex, botulism, and bacterial kidney disease in the Great Lakes. 

A possible example of parasites and a dysfunctional ecosystem involves the occurrence of 

cestodes, especially of the genera Bothriocephalus and Proteocephalus, in Sander vitreus in 

Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. These cestodes use copepod zooplankton as the first intermediate host 

and small fish as the second intermediate host or as the paratenic host. Sander vitreus and other 

fish species become infected by eating the infected copepods or small fish. In 2007, there were 

numerous angler reports of an increased prevalence of cestodes in Sander vitreus from Saginaw 

Bay and its tributaries (J. Baker, Michigan Department of Natural Resources and the 

Environment, personal communication, 2007 and 2008). It was suggested that biological 

conditions in Saginaw Bay (specifically, changes in the food chain) in 2007 may have changed to 

make the cestode infection in Sander vitreus more prevalent than in previous years. The increased 

535

prevalence of cestodes (tapeworms) may be the result of a change in the diet of S. vitreus due to 

reduced abundance of Alosa pseudoharengus, which was a principal prey fish for S. vitreus. In 

response to reduced abundance of A. pseudoharengus, S. vitreus changed its diet to include more 

of other kinds of forage fish, including a variety of cyprinid minnows and Perca flavescens that 

serve as second intermediate hosts and paratenic hosts for the cestodes Bothriocephalus sp. and 


CONCLUSIONS 

The small number of studies performed on the parasites of fish in the Great Lakes after 1990 is 

not surprising since there are few fish parasitologists working in the Great Lakes area. This 

shortage is attributable to fewer fish parasitologists being trained, few fish parasitologists being 

employed by agencies and institutions in the Great Lakes area, and the lack of funds to support 

fish parasitological studies. The deficiency of research on the parasites of fishes and on the 

ecology of fish diseases in the Great Lakes and connecting waterways is disturbing. Furthermore, 

the entry of exotic parasites and exotic invertebrates and fishes with their parasites into the Great 

Lakes makes increased vigilance a necessity. 

There are probably large numbers of parasite species present in fish of the Great Lakes and their 

connecting bodies of water that are still to be found, described, and/or recorded. It is difficult to 

even estimate the total number of parasite species in fish from each lake since many fish species 

have not been examined, and several fish species have only been examined once. A great deal of 

work is needed before we have a more-complete list of parasites of fish from the Great Lakes. 

Even if this list is completed, there will remain the greater task of examining and mapping the 

distribution of the parasites in relationship to a variety of variables in the Great Lakes. It is our 

view that this synopsis is a starting place for future parasite studies. We believe that a holistic and 

integrative approach to research should be undertaken to study the parasites of fish in each Great 

Lake that involves parasitologists, fish health specialists, ichthyologists, fisheries biologists, and 

other researchers from various agencies and institutions. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

We gratefully acknowledge the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, Michigan, for their 

support of this synopsis. We thank James W. Peck for his detailed edit of an earlier version of this 

report and Michael Lima for his technical assistance in compiling some information for this 

synopsis. 

536

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