Parasites of Fish from the Great Lakes - Great Lakes Fishery ...
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<strong>Parasites</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Fish</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>: A Synopsis and<br />
Review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Literature, 1871-2010<br />
Miscellaneous Publication 2011-01
The <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> <strong>Fish</strong>ery Commission was established by <strong>the</strong> Convention on <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
<strong>Fish</strong>eries between Canada and <strong>the</strong> United States, which was ratified on October 11, 1955. It was<br />
organized in April 1956 and assumed its duties as set forth in <strong>the</strong> Convention on July 1, 1956.<br />
The Commission has two major responsibilities: first, develop coordinated programs <strong>of</strong> research<br />
in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, and, on <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> findings, recommend measures which will permit <strong>the</strong><br />
maximum sustained productivity <strong>of</strong> stocks <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>of</strong> common concern; second, formulate and<br />
implement a program to eradicate or minimize sea lamprey populations in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
The Commission is also required to publish or authorize <strong>the</strong> publication <strong>of</strong> scientific or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
information obtained in <strong>the</strong> performance <strong>of</strong> its duties. In fulfillment <strong>of</strong> this requirement <strong>the</strong><br />
Commission publishes <strong>the</strong> Technical Report Series, intended for peer-reviewed scientific<br />
literature; Special Publications, designed primarily for dissemination <strong>of</strong> reports produced by<br />
working committees <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Commission; and o<strong>the</strong>r (non-serial) publications. Technical Reports<br />
are most suitable for ei<strong>the</strong>r interdisciplinary review and syn<strong>the</strong>sis papers <strong>of</strong> general interest to<br />
<strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> fisheries researchers, managers, and administrators, or more narrowly focused<br />
material with special relevance to a single but important aspect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Commission's program.<br />
Special Publications, being working documents, may evolve with <strong>the</strong> findings <strong>of</strong> and charges to a<br />
particular committee. Both publications follow <strong>the</strong> style <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Canadian Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>Fish</strong>eries and<br />
Aquatic Sciences. Sponsorship <strong>of</strong> Technical Reports or Special Publications does not necessarily<br />
imply that <strong>the</strong> findings or conclusions contained <strong>the</strong>rein are endorsed by <strong>the</strong> Commission.<br />
COMMISSIONERS<br />
Canada United States<br />
Robert G. Lambe, Chair Michael Hansen, Vice Chair<br />
Robert Hecky William James<br />
Siddika Mithani Thomas Strickland<br />
Virginia West David Ullrich<br />
William Taylor (Alternate)<br />
February 2011
<strong>Parasites</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Fish</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>: A Synopsis and Review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Literature, 1871-2010<br />
Patrick M. Muzzall 1 and Gary Whelan<br />
Citation: Muzzall, P.M., and Whelan, G. 2011. <strong>Parasites</strong> <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>: a synopsis and<br />
review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> literature, 1871-2010. <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> <strong>Fish</strong>. Comm. Misc. Publ. 2011-01.<br />
<strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> <strong>Fish</strong>ery Commission<br />
2100 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100<br />
Ann Arbor, MI 48105-1563<br />
February 2011<br />
ISSN: 1090-106x (print)<br />
1553-8087 (online)<br />
P.M. Muzzall 1 . Michigan State University, Department <strong>of</strong> Zoology, 203 Natural Science Building, East Lansing, MI<br />
48824, USA.<br />
G. Whelan. Michigan Department <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 30466, Lansing, MI 48909, USA.<br />
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: muzzall@msu.edu).
Printed on recycled paper.<br />
Miscellaneous Publication 2011-01
Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................1<br />
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................2<br />
MATERIALS, METHODS, AND INTERPRETATION ...........................................................3<br />
Literature Analyses.......................................................................................................................3<br />
Classification and Taxonomy .......................................................................................................3<br />
Parasite-<strong>Fish</strong> Analyses..................................................................................................................9<br />
LAKE MICHIGAN......................................................................................................................10<br />
Results.........................................................................................................................................10<br />
Parasite Species .....................................................................................................................................10<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analyses...........................................................................................................13<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses..............................................................14<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Parasite Communities—<strong>Fish</strong> Families.............................................................15<br />
Discussion...................................................................................................................................15<br />
Pathogenic <strong>Parasites</strong> ..............................................................................................................................16<br />
Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients ...................................................................................18<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Communities ..................................................................................................19<br />
LAKE SUPERIOR .......................................................................................................................61<br />
Results.........................................................................................................................................61<br />
Parasite Species .....................................................................................................................................61<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analyses...........................................................................................................64<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses..............................................................64<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Parasite Communities—<strong>Fish</strong> Families.............................................................66<br />
Discussion...................................................................................................................................66<br />
Pathogenic <strong>Parasites</strong> ..............................................................................................................................67<br />
Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients ...................................................................................69<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Communities ..................................................................................................69<br />
ST. MARYS RIVER...................................................................................................................127<br />
Results.......................................................................................................................................127<br />
Parasite Species ...................................................................................................................................127<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analysis .........................................................................................................128<br />
Discussion.................................................................................................................................128<br />
LAKE HURON...........................................................................................................................145<br />
Results.......................................................................................................................................145<br />
Parasite Species ...................................................................................................................................145<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analyses.........................................................................................................149<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses............................................................149<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Parasite Communities—<strong>Fish</strong> Families...........................................................151<br />
Discussion.................................................................................................................................152<br />
Pathogenic <strong>Parasites</strong> ............................................................................................................................152<br />
Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients .................................................................................155<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Communities ................................................................................................156
ST. CLAIR SYSTEM (ST. CLAIR RIVER, LAKE ST. CLAIR, DETROIT RIVER) .......267<br />
St. Clair River—Results and Discussion ..................................................................................267<br />
Lake St. Clair—Results and Discussion ...................................................................................267<br />
Detroit River—Results and Discussion ....................................................................................268<br />
LAKE ERIE................................................................................................................................284<br />
Results.......................................................................................................................................284<br />
Parasite Species—Overview................................................................................................................284<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analyses Overview ........................................................................................287<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses............................................................288<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Parasite Communities—<strong>Fish</strong> Families...........................................................289<br />
Discussion.................................................................................................................................291<br />
Pathogenic <strong>Parasites</strong> ............................................................................................................................291<br />
Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients .................................................................................294<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Communities ................................................................................................294<br />
NIAGARA RIVER .....................................................................................................................426<br />
Results and Discussion .............................................................................................................426<br />
LAKE ONTARIO.......................................................................................................................428<br />
Results.......................................................................................................................................428<br />
Parasite Species—Overview................................................................................................................428<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analyses Overview ........................................................................................431<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses............................................................432<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Parasite Communities—<strong>Fish</strong> Families...........................................................433<br />
Discussion.................................................................................................................................434<br />
Pathogenic <strong>Parasites</strong> ............................................................................................................................435<br />
Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients .................................................................................438<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Communities ................................................................................................438<br />
OVERALL SUMMARY FOR ALL GREAT LAKES............................................................519<br />
<strong>Fish</strong>-Parasite Commonality in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> ........................................................................519<br />
<strong>Fish</strong>-Transmitted <strong>Parasites</strong> <strong>of</strong> Public Health Importance ....................................................................521<br />
Major Parasite Groups Occurring in <strong>Fish</strong> in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>..............................................................524<br />
Parasite Host Specificity......................................................................................................................526<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Similarity for Parasite Communities Among <strong>the</strong> Five <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>...............527<br />
Parasite Species-Richness, Autogenic-Allogenic Helminth Species, and Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong><br />
Parasite-Community Similarity for Specific <strong>Fish</strong> Species...................................................................529<br />
<strong>Lakes</strong>, <strong>Fish</strong> Faunas, and Parasite Communities...................................................................................533<br />
Conceptual Framework to Study <strong>Fish</strong> Health in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>........................................................535<br />
CONCLUSIONS.........................................................................................................................536<br />
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..........................................................................................................536<br />
REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................537
PREFACE<br />
There has been no comprehensive work on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
connecting waters, so to us, <strong>the</strong> need for <strong>the</strong> present synopsis was obvious. This synopsis<br />
organizes and discusses <strong>the</strong> available information <strong>from</strong> previous studies on <strong>the</strong> protozoans,<br />
helminths (parasitic worms), leeches, copepods, and molluscs that are parasites <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fish in <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> and <strong>the</strong>ir connecting waters. Original material resulting <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> research <strong>of</strong> P.<br />
Muzzall and G. Whelan and <strong>the</strong>ir colleagues forms only a small fraction <strong>of</strong> this synopsis. Indeed,<br />
<strong>the</strong> most-perplexing problem was interpretation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se organized data and materials because <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir lack <strong>of</strong> uniformity as well as <strong>the</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> data and information for some parasites.<br />
Considerable documentation has been provided in this synopsis to find and consult <strong>the</strong> literature.<br />
By no means should this synopsis replace <strong>the</strong> original literature. This synopsis will be <strong>of</strong> practical<br />
use and a source <strong>of</strong> information for aquatic parasitologists, ichthyologists, fisheries biologists,<br />
and o<strong>the</strong>r researchers.<br />
This synopsis, in addition to providing a descriptive analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parasites infecting fish in <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, should provide a foundation for future studies. The effects <strong>of</strong> parasites on <strong>the</strong>ir fish<br />
hosts are <strong>of</strong>ten underestimated, unappreciated, and ignored by many investigators. In addition, <strong>the</strong><br />
occurrence and effect <strong>of</strong> non-native parasite species on exotic and endemic fishes has been little<br />
studied. Aquatic parasitologists along with fish-health specialists, fisheries biologists and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
investigators should take a holistic approach to study each <strong>Great</strong> Lake. <strong>Parasites</strong> are major players<br />
in <strong>the</strong> biology <strong>of</strong> fishes and more research into <strong>the</strong>ir role on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> ecosystem is needed.<br />
It is hoped that this synopsis will stimulate renewed interest in current and future fish-parasite<br />
research.
OVERVIEW<br />
This synopsis is <strong>the</strong> first one to describe and summarize <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
and <strong>the</strong>ir connecting waters. The synopsis is based on information <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> literature (articles,<br />
<strong>the</strong>ses, dissertations, reports) on <strong>the</strong> major parasite groups (protozoans, digenetic trematodes,<br />
monogeneans, aspidobothreans, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephalans, leeches, copepods,<br />
molluscs) <strong>of</strong> fish in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> <strong>from</strong> 1871 through 2010. The synopsis is organized into two<br />
sections for each lake or connecting water: 1) a list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parasite species by taxonomic group<br />
and family, followed by <strong>the</strong>ir synonyms, site <strong>of</strong> infection, fish hosts and studies; and 2) a list <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> fish species in each <strong>Great</strong> Lake and connecting body <strong>of</strong> water by family, followed by <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
parasites and studies. The number <strong>of</strong> parasite species found, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> studies performed for each lake are, respectively: Lake Michigan—90, 44, 41;<br />
Lake Superior—148, 37, 35; Lake Huron—242, 76, 60; Lake Erie—231, 89, 69; and Lake<br />
Ontario—228, 60, 39. There was no significant correlation between <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> parasite<br />
species reported <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> lakes and <strong>the</strong>ir surface area (rs = 0.100). Although not significant,<br />
correlations were high between <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> parasite species <strong>from</strong> each lake and number <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
species examined (rs = 0.800) and number <strong>of</strong> parasite studies performed (rs = 0.600). <strong>Parasites</strong><br />
considered to be pathogenic to fish and found to be contributors to fish mortality are identified<br />
and discussed. The few parasite species in <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> fish that may be hazardous to human<br />
health are also detailed in this synopsis. <strong>Fish</strong> species that are widespread and common were most<br />
studied and, in general, more parasite species were reported <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong>m compared to <strong>the</strong> lessstudied<br />
fish species. Consequently, yellow perch (Perca flavescens) had <strong>the</strong> highest parasite<br />
species-richness in each lake, except for lake herring/cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Lake Superior.<br />
The acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus salmonis infected <strong>the</strong> most fish species in <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan<br />
and Superior, whereas <strong>the</strong> larval digenetic trematodes (Diplostomum spathaceum or unidentified<br />
species <strong>of</strong> Diplostomum) infected <strong>the</strong> most species in <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron, Erie, and Ontario. A total <strong>of</strong><br />
31 and 49 parasite species infected fish <strong>from</strong> all 5 <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> and <strong>from</strong> 4 lakes, respectively.<br />
Few studies have been performed on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish in <strong>the</strong> connecting waterways <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity, <strong>the</strong> autogenic-allogenic helminth species<br />
dichotomy, and <strong>the</strong> most-important parasite groups based on percentages were analyzed and<br />
separated by <strong>the</strong> five fish families (Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Percidae,<br />
Salmonidae) for each lake. Jaccard coefficients for <strong>the</strong> parasite faunas among <strong>the</strong>se five fish<br />
families were low in each lake, indicating that fish in <strong>the</strong>se families do not share many parasite<br />
species and <strong>the</strong>ir parasite faunas are different. Similarly, low Jaccard coefficients for rock bass<br />
(Ambloplites rupestris), spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), white sucker (Catostomus<br />
commersonii), Perca flavescens, lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), lake trout (Salvelinus<br />
namaycush), and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) among <strong>the</strong> lakes also indicate that <strong>the</strong> parasite<br />
communities are not similar. <strong>Fish</strong> in <strong>the</strong>se five families were similar to one ano<strong>the</strong>r when <strong>the</strong><br />
percentages <strong>of</strong> major parasite groups are compared, but <strong>the</strong> specific parasite species in each major<br />
parasite group were not that similar among <strong>the</strong> lakes. Based on <strong>the</strong> available literature involving<br />
1
fish species examined and parasites found, each <strong>Great</strong> Lake was somewhat different <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>rs. Percids were <strong>the</strong> prominent fish species examined in Lake Michigan; salmonids in Lake<br />
Superior; cyprinids, percids, and centrarchids in Lake Huron; and centrarchids, percids, and<br />
cyprinids in <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and Ontario. Autogenic helminths were common to all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prominent<br />
fish in each lake.<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
Prior to this effort <strong>the</strong>re have been limited attempts to syn<strong>the</strong>size and compile all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> existing<br />
parasite data into one document. The literature on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> is<br />
extensive, diverse, and fragmented throughout many publications. Historically, studies have<br />
focused on three major areas: parasite taxonomy, parasite faunal surveys, and parasite life<br />
histories. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se parasite studies are limited in that only one parasite species or parasite<br />
group was studied, only one fish species was studied, or <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> fish examined was small.<br />
Only a few <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> studies are on parasites that are considered to be pathogenic to fish and<br />
contribute to fish mortality. Scattered among <strong>the</strong>se articles are those dealing with <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong><br />
parasites in edible fish products and fish-transmitted parasites <strong>of</strong> human-health importance. These<br />
studies were not prompted by some pressing or continuous issue involving fish biology, parasites,<br />
pathology, or holistic lake approach, but represent <strong>the</strong> unknown interests <strong>of</strong> specific investigators<br />
at certain agencies and institutions. Margolis and Arthur (1979) and Dechtiar and co-workers<br />
listed <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fishes in Canadian waters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> and Hudson et al. (2003)<br />
presented a list on <strong>the</strong> internet <strong>of</strong> some parasitic copepods <strong>of</strong> some fish species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong><br />
<strong>Lakes</strong>. However, <strong>the</strong>se efforts were not totally inclusive and no o<strong>the</strong>r synopses have been<br />
published since that time. The objective <strong>of</strong> this present study was to summarize all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
available information on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fishes <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> and <strong>the</strong>ir connecting waters<br />
in an accessible form in a single document. This synopsis will provide a baseline reference for<br />
investigators interested in <strong>the</strong>se parasites and fish and provide an initial descriptive analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
parasites and <strong>the</strong>ir communities <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong>se lakes. This fish-parasite baseline will be<br />
valuable in evaluating changes brought about by environmental variation and <strong>the</strong> introduction <strong>of</strong><br />
exotic organisms.<br />
Esch (1971) proposed a means <strong>of</strong> characterizing aquatic environments using autogenic and<br />
allogenic helminth species. Autogenic helminth species complete <strong>the</strong>ir life cycles in fish, and<br />
allogenic helminth species complete <strong>the</strong>ir life cycles in piscivorous birds and mammals. Using<br />
this autogenic-allogenic dichotomy, ano<strong>the</strong>r study objective was to describe, compare, and<br />
separate <strong>the</strong> helminth faunas <strong>of</strong> specific fish species and fish families in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, as well<br />
as to attempt to characterize <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> using <strong>the</strong> parasite species <strong>of</strong> fish. Finally, <strong>the</strong> present<br />
study describes <strong>the</strong> entire parasite fauna <strong>of</strong> fish in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> and not just <strong>the</strong> helminth fauna<br />
as many previous studies have done in o<strong>the</strong>r aquatic environments.<br />
2
MATERIALS, METHODS, AND INTERPRETATION<br />
Literature Analyses<br />
Information for this synopsis was gleaned <strong>from</strong> all forms <strong>of</strong> scientific literature (<strong>the</strong>ses,<br />
dissertations, journal reports, as well as agency reports and o<strong>the</strong>r grey literature) on <strong>the</strong> parasites<br />
<strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> and <strong>the</strong>ir connecting waters. This information is presented as a<br />
parasite-host list and as a host-parasite list. The parasite-host list is organized on a taxonomic<br />
basis and includes for each parasite species: <strong>the</strong> major taxonomic group; family; synonym(s), if<br />
any; <strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> infection in/on <strong>the</strong> fish; <strong>the</strong> host-fish species; author(s) and date(s) <strong>of</strong> article(s);<br />
date(s) when fish were collected; parasite prevalence (percentage <strong>of</strong> fish infected in a sample),<br />
and/or mean intensity (mean number <strong>of</strong> individual parasites per infected fish), and/or mean<br />
abundance (mean number <strong>of</strong> individual parasites per examined fish); and study location in <strong>the</strong><br />
lake, including latitude and longitude, if available. Authors responsible for this information are<br />
listed in alphabetical order. When <strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> infection for a parasite species in or on its fish host<br />
was not provided in <strong>the</strong> original record, <strong>the</strong> site typical for that parasite on that fish host <strong>from</strong><br />
non-<strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> records was provided in brackets. If a string <strong>of</strong> different fish hosts refers to <strong>the</strong><br />
same study for a parasite species, <strong>the</strong> date <strong>of</strong> fish collection and latitude and longitude are<br />
included only once with <strong>the</strong> first entry <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> string. It is important to emphasize that some<br />
data/information were difficult to interpret in some original sources and may be interpreted<br />
differently depending on <strong>the</strong> investigator. The association <strong>of</strong> some parasitological studies with a<br />
<strong>Great</strong> Lake may be conjecture, but we did our best to understand <strong>the</strong> data and <strong>the</strong> author(s)<br />
interpretation. The compiled information covers <strong>the</strong> period 1871 through 2010. Studies on<br />
viruses, bacteria, fungi, and lamprey parasitism <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> are not included in<br />
this synopsis.<br />
Classification and Taxonomy<br />
The basis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> higher classification used for <strong>the</strong> Protozoa is that proposed by Lom and Dykova<br />
(1992). Taxonomic systems for <strong>the</strong> helminth phyla and families and leeches (Hirudinea) are based<br />
on <strong>the</strong> following sources: Monogenea and Aspidobothrea (Yamaguti 1963a; Schell 1985),<br />
Digenea (Yamaguti 1953; Yamaguti 1971; Schell 1985; Gibson 1996); Cestoda (Wardle and<br />
Mcleod 1952; Yamaguti 1959); Nematoda (Yamaguti 1961; Anderson 1992); Acanthocephala<br />
(Yamaguti 1963b; Amin 2002); and Hirudinea (Klemm 1972; Klemm 1991). Classification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Copepoda follows that proposed by Yamaguti (1963c) and Kabata (1969, 1988), and<br />
classification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> freshwater mussels follows that <strong>of</strong> Thorp and Covich (2001). H<strong>of</strong>fman (1999)<br />
was consulted for information on <strong>the</strong> taxonomic status <strong>of</strong> several parasite species if <strong>the</strong>re was<br />
ambiguity in <strong>the</strong> above sources. Current accepted scientific names are used for each parasite<br />
species. Synonyms <strong>of</strong> parasite species used in <strong>the</strong> past are included to assist <strong>the</strong> reader in<br />
interpreting earlier studies. Over <strong>the</strong> years, <strong>the</strong> scientific names <strong>of</strong> many parasite species have<br />
3
changed, especially some monogeneans. Current scientific names are used in this publication, and<br />
it is emphasized that investigators should check <strong>the</strong> status <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se current scientific names when<br />
specific work is being done on each parasite species. Remarks for each parasite species (biology,<br />
taxonomy, misidentification, etc.) are included where appropriate.<br />
The host-parasite list is organized according to <strong>the</strong> taxonomy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fish host by family. Within<br />
each fish family, genera and species are listed alphabetically. The scientific names <strong>of</strong> fish follow<br />
those recommended by Nelson et al. (2004) and are used throughout this synopsis to avoid<br />
confusion since <strong>the</strong>re are numerous parasite species that are host-specific. An alphabetical list <strong>of</strong><br />
fish scientific names and <strong>the</strong>ir corresponding common names is given in Table 1. <strong>Parasites</strong><br />
reported in each fish species are followed by <strong>the</strong> specific literature source(s) listed alphabetically<br />
by author(s). When a parasite species such as Eubothrium salvelini occurs in a fish species such<br />
as Salvelinus namaycush, and <strong>the</strong> genus Eubothrium sp. is also found, <strong>the</strong>se are counted as only<br />
one species when quantitative information is presented. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, when a parasite species is<br />
reported as an adult in a fish species and as a larval/immature stage in <strong>the</strong> same fish species or<br />
different fish species in <strong>the</strong> same fish family, this parasite is only counted in <strong>the</strong> adult parasite<br />
category.<br />
Table 1. A list <strong>of</strong> scientific and common names <strong>of</strong> fish used in this publication.<br />
Scientific name Common name<br />
Acipenser fulvescens lake sturgeon<br />
Alosa chrysochloris skipjack herring<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus alewife<br />
Ambloplites rupestris rock bass<br />
Ameiurus melas black bullhead<br />
Ameiurus natalis yellow bullhead<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus brown bullhead<br />
Ameiurus sp. bullhead<br />
Amia calva bowfin<br />
Ammocrypta pellucida eastern sand darter<br />
Anguilla rostrata American eel<br />
Apeltes quadracus fourspine stickleback<br />
Aphredoderus sayanus pirate perch<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens freshwater drum<br />
Apollonia melanostoma round goby<br />
Campostoma anomalum central stoneroller<br />
Carassius auratus goldfish<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus quillback<br />
4
Table 1, continued.<br />
Scientific name Common name<br />
Catostomus catostomus longnose sucker<br />
Catostomus commersonii white sucker<br />
centrarchid bream<br />
Chaenobryttus gulosus warmouth<br />
Coregonus alpenae longjaw chub<br />
Coregonus artedi lake herring/cisco<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis lake whitefish<br />
Coregonus hoyi bloater<br />
Coregonus johannae deepwater cisco<br />
Coregonus kiyi kiyi<br />
Coregonus nigripinnis blackfin cisco<br />
Coregonus reighardi shortnose cisco<br />
Coregonus prognathus longjaw whitefish<br />
Coregonus zeni<strong>the</strong>cus shortjaw cisco<br />
Coregonus spp. coregonids<br />
Coregonus spp. ciscoes<br />
Cottus bairdii mottled sculpin<br />
Cottus cognatus slimy sculpin<br />
Cottus ricei spoonhead sculpin<br />
Cottus spp. sculpin<br />
cottid sculpin<br />
Couesius plumbeus lake chub<br />
Culaea inconstans brook stickleback<br />
Cyprinus carpio common carp<br />
Cyprinus carpio x Carassius auratus common carp/goldfish hybrid<br />
Cyprinella lutrensis red shiner<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera spotfin shiner<br />
Cyprinella whipplei steelcolor shiner<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum gizzard shad<br />
Erimyzon oblongus creek chubsucker<br />
Erimyzon sucetta lake chubsucker<br />
Esox americanus redfin pickerel<br />
Esox lucius nor<strong>the</strong>rn pike<br />
5
Table 1, continued.<br />
Scientific name Common name<br />
Esox masquinongy muskellunge<br />
Esox niger chain pickerel<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennioides greenside darter<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum rainbow darter<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile Iowa darter<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare fantail darter<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma microperca least darter<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum Johnny darter<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma olmstedi tessellated darter<br />
Fundulus diaphanus banded killifish<br />
Fundulus spp. killifish/topminnow<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus threespine stickleback<br />
Gasterosteidae sticklebacks<br />
Gymnocephalus cernuus ruffe<br />
Hiodon tergisus mooneye<br />
Hybognathus hankinsoni brassy minnow<br />
Hypentelium nigricans nor<strong>the</strong>rn hog sucker<br />
Ichthyomyzon castaneus chestnut lamprey<br />
Ichthyomyzon fossor nor<strong>the</strong>rn brook lamprey<br />
Ichthyomyzon unicuspis silver lamprey<br />
Ictalurus punctatus channel catfish<br />
Ictiobus cyprinellus bigmouth buffalo<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus brook silverside<br />
Lampetra appendix American brook lamprey<br />
Lepisosteus oculatus spotted gar<br />
Lepisosteus platostomus shortnose gar<br />
Lepomis cyanellus green sunfish<br />
Lepomis gibbosus pumpkinseed<br />
Lepomis humilis orangespotted sunfish<br />
Lepomis macrochirus bluegill<br />
Lepomis megalotis longear sunfish<br />
Lota lota burbot<br />
Luxilus cornutus common shiner<br />
6
Table 1, continued.<br />
Scientific name Common name<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis redfin shiner<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana silver chub<br />
Margariscus margarita pearl dace<br />
Micropterus dolomieu smallmouth bass<br />
Micropterus salmoides largemouth bass<br />
Micropterus spp. bass<br />
Minytrema melanops spotted sucker<br />
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus oriental wea<strong>the</strong>rfish<br />
Morone americana white perch<br />
Morone chrysops white bass<br />
Moxostoma anisurum silver redhorse<br />
Moxostoma duquesnei black redhorse<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum golden redhorse<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum shor<strong>the</strong>ad redhorse<br />
Moxostoma valenciennesi greater redhorse<br />
Moxostoma spp. redhorse<br />
Myoxocephalus thompsonii deepwater sculpin<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides emerald shiner<br />
Nocomis biguttatus hornyhead chub<br />
Nocomis micropogon river chub<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas golden shiner<br />
Notropis anogenus pugnose shiner<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides emerald shiner<br />
Notropis buccatus silverjaw minnow<br />
Notropis bifrenatus bridle shiner<br />
Notropis buchanani ghost shiner<br />
Notropis delicatus (= Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides) emerald shiner<br />
Notropis heterodon blackchin shiner<br />
Notropis heterolepis blacknose shiner<br />
Notropis hudsonius spottail shiner<br />
Notropis rubellus rosyface shiner<br />
Notropis stramineus (= Notropis ludibundus) sand shiner<br />
Notropis volucellus mimic shiner<br />
7
Table 1, continued.<br />
Scientific name Common Name<br />
Noturus flavus stonecat<br />
Noturus gyrinus tadpole madtom<br />
Noturus miurus brindled madtom<br />
Noturus stigmosus nor<strong>the</strong>rn madtom<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha pink salmon<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch coho salmon<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss rainbow trout<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka sockeye salmon/kokanee<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Chinook salmon<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae pugnose minnow<br />
Osmerus mordax rainbow smelt<br />
Perca flavescens yellow perch<br />
Percina caprodes logperch<br />
Percina copelandi channel darter<br />
Percina maculata blackside darter<br />
Percina shumardi river darter<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus trout-perch<br />
Petromyzon marinus sea lamprey<br />
Phoxinus eos nor<strong>the</strong>rn redbelly dace<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus finscale dace<br />
Pimephales promelas fa<strong>the</strong>ad minnow<br />
Pimephales notatus bluntnose minnow<br />
Pomoxis annularis white crappie<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus black crappie<br />
Prosopium coulterii pygmy whitefish<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum round whitefish<br />
Proterorhinus marmoratus tubenose goby<br />
Pungitius pungitius ninespine stickleback<br />
Pylodictis olivaris fla<strong>the</strong>ad catfish<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae longnose dace<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus western blacknose dace<br />
Salmo salar Atlantic salmon<br />
Salmo trutta brown trout<br />
8
Table 1, continued.<br />
Scientific name Common Name<br />
Salvelinus alpinus Arctic char<br />
Salvelinus alpinus Arctic char<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis brook trout<br />
Salvelinus namaycush lake trout<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x S. namaycush splake<br />
Sander canadensis (= canadense) sauger<br />
Sander glaucum blue pike<br />
Sander vitreus walleye<br />
Scardinius erythrophthalmus rudd<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus creek chub<br />
Semotilus corporalis fallfish<br />
Umbra limi central mudminnow<br />
Parasite-<strong>Fish</strong> Analyses<br />
In this synopsis, developmental stages <strong>of</strong> helminths were divided into larval, immature, and adult<br />
stages. Larval stages are generally considered to be encysted and not occurring in <strong>the</strong> digestive<br />
tract. Also, larval stages <strong>of</strong> some species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematode Diplostomum and a few<br />
species <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r digenetic trematode genera and o<strong>the</strong>r helminth species do not encyst, but <strong>the</strong>se<br />
were still considered larvae if <strong>the</strong>y were not in <strong>the</strong> digestive tract. Immature helminths found in<br />
<strong>the</strong> digestive tract were not classified as larvae nor were <strong>the</strong>y considered adults. Adult helminths<br />
mature in <strong>the</strong>ir fish hosts, no matter where <strong>the</strong>y infect <strong>the</strong> fish. This separation <strong>of</strong> developmental<br />
stages is useful to characterize <strong>the</strong> helminth faunas <strong>of</strong> fish species and fish families in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong><br />
<strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
The parasite faunas <strong>of</strong> five fish families, and specific fish species in each family (Centrarchidae—<br />
Ambloplites rupestris, Cyprinidae—Notropis hudsonius, Catostomidae—Catostomus<br />
commersonii, Percidae—Perca flavescens, and Salmonidae—Coregonis clupeaformis, Salvelinus<br />
namaycush) common to all five <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> are compared based on host taxonomy and <strong>the</strong><br />
general <strong>the</strong>rmal-habitat/temperature preferences for fish in <strong>the</strong>se families for each lake. Osmerus<br />
mordax in Osmeridae is also involved in this comparison. Cyprinids and catostomids are in <strong>the</strong><br />
order Cypriniformes, centrarchids and percids are in <strong>the</strong> order Perciformes, and salmonids are in<br />
<strong>the</strong> order Salmoniformes. In general, fish in <strong>the</strong> Cyprinidae and Catostomidae can be considered<br />
coolwater species and temperature generalists, individuals in <strong>the</strong> Centrarchidae as coolwaterwarmwater<br />
species, those in <strong>the</strong> Percidae as coolwater, and fish in <strong>the</strong> Salmonidae as coldwater.<br />
Using this host taxonomy, as well as <strong>the</strong> general <strong>the</strong>rmal-habitat/temperature preferences for each<br />
fish family in each <strong>Great</strong> Lake as general separations, one would expect <strong>the</strong> parasite faunas to be<br />
9
most similar among fish or fish families in <strong>the</strong> same order and within <strong>the</strong> general <strong>the</strong>rmal-habitat<br />
designations, and most dissimilar among fish or fish families <strong>from</strong> different orders and different<br />
general <strong>the</strong>rmal-habitat designations.<br />
Species-richness is <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> parasite species and distinct genera (parasite genus reported<br />
<strong>from</strong> a fish but a species for that genus was not given in <strong>the</strong> original article) infecting a fish<br />
species or fish family. The Jaccard coefficient <strong>of</strong> community similarity (CCj) used to quantify<br />
parasite community similarity between two fish species or two fish families, was calculated as<br />
CCj = C/(S1 + S2 – C)<br />
where S1 and S2 are <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> parasite species in each <strong>of</strong> two fish species or two fish families,<br />
and C is <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> species common to both species or families (Brower and Zar 1984). The<br />
coefficients range <strong>from</strong> 0 to 1.0. Generally, as <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> parasite species and distinct genera<br />
that infect both fish species or fish in both families being compared increases, so does <strong>the</strong><br />
coefficient, indicating <strong>the</strong> parasite communities are more similar.<br />
One caveat is important to mention regarding this synopsis. A rigorous statistical analysis to<br />
identify determinants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parasite species present, <strong>the</strong> parasite communities present, and<br />
parasite species-richness in several fish species and in fish families within a <strong>Great</strong> Lake, and<br />
between and among <strong>the</strong>se lakes is not one <strong>of</strong> our objectives and is beyond <strong>the</strong> scope <strong>of</strong> this<br />
synopsis. For those investigators who are interested in such statistical analyses, <strong>the</strong>re are several,<br />
including Bell and Burt (1991), Aho and Bush (1993), Takemoto et al. (2005), Kennedy (2009),<br />
and references <strong>the</strong>rein.<br />
Parasite Species<br />
LAKE MICHIGAN<br />
Results<br />
Ninety parasite species in 11 major parasite groups (1 Mastigophora, 2 Ciliophora, 20 Myxozoa,<br />
1 Microspora, 12 adult Digenea, 4 larval/immature Digenea, 2 Monogenea, 8 adult Cestoda, 7<br />
larval/immature Cestoda, 10 adult Nematoda, 3 larval/immature Nematoda, 8 adult<br />
Acanthocephala, 5 Hirudinea, 7 Copepoda) were found in 44 fish species examined <strong>from</strong> Lake<br />
Michigan (Table 2). The parasites by taxonomic group and family infecting fish <strong>from</strong> Lake<br />
Michigan are listed in Table 3. Although Eubothrium salvelini, Cyathocephalus truncatus,<br />
Proteocephalus sp., Raphidascaris acus, Capillaria sp., Dichelyne cotylophora, Cystidicola<br />
stigmatura, Acanthocephalus dirus, Echinorhynchus salmonis, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, and<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus occurred in both adult and larval/immature stages, <strong>the</strong>y are listed as<br />
adults and only counted once. A total <strong>of</strong> 41 studies conducted during 1874-2010 have reported on<br />
some aspect <strong>of</strong> a parasite species infecting one or more fish species <strong>from</strong> Lake Michigan. Most<br />
studies were done after 1959 (Table 4).<br />
10
Protozoans<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> protozoans, only one species <strong>of</strong> mastigophoran, Trypanosoma sp., has been reported <strong>from</strong><br />
fish. Two genera <strong>of</strong> ciliates, Trichodina and Capriniana, occurred on <strong>the</strong> gills <strong>of</strong> four fish species<br />
(Table 3). The myxozoans are <strong>the</strong> most-common protozoan group based on <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> species<br />
found (1 <strong>of</strong> Chloromyxum, 2 <strong>of</strong> Myxidium, 4 <strong>of</strong> Henneguya, 8 <strong>of</strong> Myxobolus, 1 <strong>of</strong> Thelohanellus,<br />
1 <strong>of</strong> Zschokkella, 2 <strong>of</strong> Myxobilatus, and 1 <strong>of</strong> Sphaerospora). Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species are hostspecific<br />
to a particular fish family. Only one microsporan species, Pleistophora sp., has been<br />
reported <strong>from</strong> only one fish species, Myoxocephalus thompsonii.<br />
Digenetic Trematodes<br />
Thirteen species <strong>of</strong> adult trematodes representing six families have been reported. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
species were reported <strong>from</strong> only one fish species or <strong>from</strong> two or more species in one fish family.<br />
Most species occurred in <strong>the</strong> intestine, except for Acetodextra amiuri (swim bladder), and<br />
Phyllodistomum staffordi and Phyllodistomum superbum (urinary bladder). At least four species<br />
<strong>of</strong> larval trematodes (metacercariae) have been reported <strong>from</strong> eight fish species. The entries<br />
involving Diplostomum spp. are separated based on infection site. It is not known if <strong>the</strong>se are<br />
distinct species <strong>of</strong> Diplostomum.<br />
Monogeneans<br />
Only two species <strong>of</strong> monogeneans (Urocleidus adspectus and an unidentified species in <strong>the</strong><br />
family Octocotylidae) have been reported <strong>from</strong> two species <strong>of</strong> fishes, Perca flavescens and<br />
Coregonus hoyi.<br />
Cestodes<br />
Eight species <strong>of</strong> adult cestodes representing six genera in five families have been found.<br />
Glaridacris catostomi was found only in catostomids, Eubothrium crassum was found in<br />
Salvelinus namaycush and Lota lota, Bothriocephalus cuspidatus was reported only in Perca<br />
flavescens, Corallobothrium sp. was found in Ameiurus nebulosus, Proteocephalus exiguus was<br />
found in coregonids and Petromyzon marinus, and Proteocephalus pearsei was reported only in<br />
P. flavescens. Eubothrium salvelini infected six fish species in <strong>the</strong> Salmonidae. Cyathocephalus<br />
truncatus occurred in six species in four fish families. Two species (E. salvelini, C. truncatus)<br />
found as adults also occurred as immature individuals in <strong>the</strong> intestine <strong>of</strong> fish. Although<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Triaenophorus nodulosus, and Triaenophorus crassus occurred as<br />
larval and/or immature stages, adults <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species have not yet been reported <strong>from</strong> fish. At<br />
least eight species <strong>of</strong> immature cestodes in five cestode families have been reported. The family<br />
Diphyllobothriidae is represented by three genera (Diphyllobothrium, Ligula, Schistocephalus).<br />
Diphyllobothrium sp. infected five fish species.<br />
11
Nematodes<br />
Ten species <strong>of</strong> adult nematodes in seven families were reported <strong>from</strong> fishes. Many nematode<br />
species are host-specific. Raphidascaris acus was only found in esocids, and Camallanus<br />
oxycephalus, Philometra cylindracea, and Rhabdochona ovifilamenta occurred only in Perca<br />
flavescens. Dichelyne cotylophora was also found in Perca flavescens, but was also reported <strong>from</strong><br />
Catostomus commersonii and Ameiuras melas. Cystidicola farionis infected five fish species.<br />
Cystidicola spp. was found only in <strong>the</strong> swim bladder <strong>of</strong> salmonids. At least nine nematode species<br />
in seven nematode families have been reported as larval or immature stages. Non-intestinal larvae<br />
<strong>of</strong> Contracaecum sp., R. acus, D. cotylophora, Cystidicola stigmatura, Eustrongylides tubifex,<br />
Eustrongylides sp., and P. cylindracea were found. Immature Capillaria sp., Spinitectus sp., and<br />
Haplonema hamulatum have been documented in <strong>the</strong> intestines <strong>of</strong> Lake Michigan fish.<br />
Acanthocephalans<br />
Eight species <strong>of</strong> adult acanthocephalans representing four families were reported.<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis and Acanthocephalus dirus infected 17 and 13 fish species,<br />
respectively. Echinorhynchus salmonis was <strong>the</strong> most-prevalent and numerous intestinal helminth<br />
parasite <strong>of</strong> Oncorhynchus. Neoechinorhynchus crassus and Octospinifer macilentus are hostspecific<br />
to catostomids. All species represented as larvae or immature individuals (A. dirus, E.<br />
salmonis, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus) found in non-intestinal sites<br />
are also included in <strong>the</strong> adult category. Some female E. salmonis found in non-intestinal sites <strong>of</strong><br />
Osmerus mordax were gravid.<br />
Leeches<br />
Five species <strong>of</strong> leeches (Desserobdella picta, Placobdella parasitica, Piscicola milneri, Piscicola<br />
punctata, Piscicolaria sp.) representing two families have been reported. Desserobdella picta and<br />
P. milneri parasitized two and three fish species, respectively.<br />
Crustaceans<br />
At least seven species <strong>of</strong> copepods in two families were found on Lake Michigan fish. Four<br />
species <strong>of</strong> Ergasilus occurred on <strong>the</strong> gills <strong>of</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> species. Ergasilus caeruleus and<br />
Ergasilus luciopercarum were found on four and five fish species, respectively. Ach<strong>the</strong>res<br />
pimelodi occurred on three fish species, and two species <strong>of</strong> Salmincola were found on salmonids.<br />
12
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analyses<br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 44 fish species and three locally extirpated species (Coregonus johannae, C.<br />
nigripinnis, C. prognathus) <strong>from</strong> 19 families in Lake Michigan have had parasites reported <strong>from</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>m (Table 5). Perca flavescens harbored <strong>the</strong> most parasite species (31), followed by<br />
Catostomus commersonii with 15, and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha with 14. <strong>Fish</strong> species found to<br />
have eight or more parasite species were Petromyzon marinus, Alosa pseudoharengus, Notropis<br />
hudsonius, Coregonus hoyi, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus namaycush, and Ambloplites<br />
rupestris. Of <strong>the</strong> 44 species examined for parasites, 22 species (50%) had been examined<br />
(studied) only once (Petromyzon marinus, Acipenser fulvescens, Cyprinus carpio, Notropis<br />
delicatus (probably N. a<strong>the</strong>rinoides), Pimephales promelas, Catostomus catostomus, Apollonia<br />
melanostoma, Ameiurus nebulosus, Noturus gyrinus, Esox americanus , Umbra limi, Coregonus<br />
johannae, Percopsis omiscomaycus, Fundulus sp., Culaea inconstans, Pungitius pungitius,<br />
Myoxocephalus thompsonii, Ambloplitis rupestris, Lepomis gibbosus, Micropterus dolomieu,<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile, Aplodinotus grunniens), 7 species only examined (studied) twice (Ameiurus<br />
melas, Esox lucius, Coregonus nigripinnis, C. prognathus, Cottus bairdii, E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum,<br />
Percina caprodes), 4 species had three examinations (Alosa pseudoharengus, Notropis<br />
hudsonius, Catostomus commersonii, Osmerus mordax), and 9 species had at least four<br />
examinations (Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, Oncorhynchus kisutch, O. mykiss, O.<br />
tshawytscha, Salmo trutta, Lota lota, Cottus cognatus). Salvelinus namaycush and Perca<br />
flavescens had 8 and 13 studies performed on <strong>the</strong>ir parasites, respectively.<br />
Seventy-three fish species plus one hybrid, Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis, in Lake<br />
Michigan that are not kown to have been examined for parasites are: Ichthyomyzon castaneus, I.<br />
fossor, I. unicuspis, Lampetra appendix, Lepisosteus oculatus, L. osseus, L. platostomus, Amia<br />
calva, Hiodon tergisus, Alosa chrysochloris, Dorosoma cepedianum, Campostoma anomalum,<br />
Carassius auratus, Couesius plumbeus, Cyprinella lutrensis, C. spiloptera, Hybognathus<br />
hankinsoni, Luxilus cornutus, Lythrurus umbratilis, Margariscus margarita, Nocomis biguttatus,<br />
N. micropogon, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis anogenus, N. heterodon, N. heterolepis, N.<br />
rubellus, N. volucellus, N. stramineus, Opsopoeodus emiliae, Phoxinus eos, P. neogaeus,<br />
Pimephales promelas, Rhinichthys cataractae, R. obtusus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus,<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus, Carpiodes cyprinus, Erimyzon oblongus, Erimyzon sucetta,<br />
Hypentelium nigricans, Ictiobus cyprinellus, Minytrema melanops, Moxostoma anisurum, M.<br />
erythrurum, M. macrolepidotum, M. valenciennesi, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Ameiurus<br />
natalis, Ictalurus punctatus, Noturus flavus, Pylodictis olivaris, Esox masquinongy,<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Prosopium cylindraceum, Salvelinus fontinalis, Aphredoderus<br />
sayannus, Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Morone americana, M. chrysops,<br />
Lepomis macrochirus, L. megalotis, Micropterus salmoides, Pomoxis annularis, P.<br />
nigromaculatus, E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum, E. flabellare, E. microperca, Percina maculata, P.<br />
shumardi, Sander canadensis, and S. vitreus.<br />
13
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses<br />
The values for parasite species-richness and number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses),<br />
regardless <strong>of</strong> parasite life-stage, for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five major fish families were Centrarchidae (13,<br />
3), Catostomidae (15, 2), Cyprinidae (12, 4), Percidae (33, 4), and Salmonidae (27, 11). The<br />
correlation coefficient between parasite species-richness and number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined in<br />
each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> above five families was nonsignificant (rs = 0.307).<br />
Parasite species or a specific genus found only in centrarchids were adult digenetic trematodes<br />
(Caecinicola parvulus, Cryptogonimus chili), leeches (Piscicolaria sp.), and copepods (Ach<strong>the</strong>res<br />
ambloplitis, Ergasilus centrarchidarum). <strong>Parasites</strong> found only in cyprinids were protozoans<br />
(Myxobolus bartai, Myxobolus xiaoi, M. burti, Thelohanellus notatus, Zschokkella sp.,<br />
Chloromyxum sp., Sphaerospora sp.) and adult digenetic trematodes (Centrovarium lobotes).<br />
<strong>Parasites</strong> found only in catostomids were adult digenetic trematodes (Lissorchis attenuatus), adult<br />
cestodes (Glaridacris catostomi), adult nematodes (Capillaria catostomi), and adult<br />
acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus crassus, N. cylindratus, Octospinifer macilentus).<br />
<strong>Parasites</strong> found only in percids were protozoans (Henneguya doori, Myxobolus neurophilus, M.<br />
scleroperca), adult digenetic trematodes (Bunodera sacculata, Crepidostomum cooperi,<br />
Phyllodistomum superbum), larval digenetic trematodes (Apophallus sp., Clinostomum<br />
complanatum), monogeneans (Urocleidus adspectus), adult nematodes (Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
Philometra cylindracea, Rhabdochona ovifilamenta), and larval/immature nematodes<br />
(Contracaecum sp., Dichelyne cotylophora, Eustrongylides tubifex, Raphidascaris acus).<br />
<strong>Parasites</strong> found only in salmonids were protozoans (Capriniana sp.), adult cestodes (Eubothrium<br />
crassum, E. salvelini, Proteocephalus exiguus), larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium oblongatum,<br />
Diphyllobothrium sp.), adult nematodes (Capillaria salvelini, Cystidicola farionis, Cystidicola<br />
sp.), immature nematodes (Haplonema hamulatum), leeches (Piscicola punctata, Placobdella<br />
parasitica), and copepods (Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, Ergasilus nerkae, Salmincola extensus, S.<br />
extumescens).<br />
The number and percentage <strong>of</strong> parasite species and distinct genera in each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> major parasite<br />
groups reported for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five parasitized fish families <strong>from</strong> Lake Michigan are in Table 6.<br />
The parasite taxa most common in each fish family were protozoans, specifically <strong>the</strong> myxozoans,<br />
in Cyprinidae, acanthocephalans in Catostomidae, digenetic trematodes and copepods in<br />
Centrarchidae, digenetic trematodes and nematodes in Percidae, and copepods, cestodes, and<br />
nematodes in Salmonidae.<br />
All helminth species reported <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> cyprinids (5 species) and catostomids (13 species) are<br />
autogenic species. The numbers and percentages <strong>of</strong> autogenic and allogenic helminth species for<br />
<strong>the</strong> remaining families were Centrarchidae (10 species, 91%; 1 species, 9%), Percidae (21<br />
species, 81%; 5 species, 19%), and Salmonidae (12 species, 92%; 1 species, 8%).<br />
14
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Parasite Communities—<strong>Fish</strong> Families<br />
The fish families (and <strong>the</strong>ir species) involved in <strong>the</strong> calculations and comparisons <strong>of</strong> Jaccard<br />
coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity were Centrarchidae (Ambloplites rupestris,<br />
Micropterus dolomieu, Lepomis gibbosus), Catostomidae (Catostomus catostomus, C.<br />
commersonii), Cyprinidae (Cyprinus carpio, Notropis delicatus (probably Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides),<br />
Notropis hudsonius, Pimephale notatus), Percidae (E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile, E. nigrum, Perca<br />
flavescens, Percina caprodes), Salmonidae (Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, C.<br />
johannae, C. nigripinnis, C. prognathus, Oncorhynchus kisutch, O. mykiss, O. tshawytscha,<br />
Salmo trutta, Salvelinus namaycush). Jaccard coefficients for <strong>the</strong>se five fish families (Table 7)<br />
were all low (range 0.0256 to 0.2000) with <strong>the</strong> highest one between Percidae and Catostomidae<br />
(0.2000), followed by Percidae and Centrarchidae (0.1951). Also, fish in <strong>the</strong> Ictaluridae did not<br />
share any parasites with fish in <strong>the</strong> Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, and Salmonidae in Lake Michigan,<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r supporting that <strong>the</strong> parasite faunas <strong>of</strong> fish in <strong>the</strong>se families are very different.<br />
The number <strong>of</strong> parasitic species <strong>of</strong> each major group found in two or more fish families (number<br />
<strong>of</strong> fish families in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) were few and included adult digenetic trematodes—<br />
Crepidostomum (Stephanophiala?) farionis (2); adult cestodes—Eubothrium crassum (2),<br />
Cyathocephalus truncatus (3), Proteocephalus exiguus (2); larval cestodes—Eubothrium salvelini<br />
(3), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (2), Triaenophorus nodulosus (3); adult nematodes—Dichelyne<br />
cotylophora (3), Spinitectus gracilis (3); larval/immature nematodes—Philometra cylindracea<br />
(3); adult acanthocephalans—Acanthocephalus dirus (8), Echinorhynchus leidyi (3),<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis (10), Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (2), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (2)<br />
leeches-Piscicola milneri (2); and copepods—Ergasilus caeruleus (4), Ergasilus luciopercarum<br />
(3).<br />
Discussion<br />
Lake Michigan is located solely within <strong>the</strong> United States. It has a length and width <strong>of</strong><br />
approximately 494 km and 190 km, respectively, with a surface area <strong>of</strong> approximately 57,800<br />
km 2 and a mean depth <strong>of</strong> 85 m (maximum depth <strong>of</strong> 281 m) (Herdendorf, 1982). Water flows <strong>from</strong><br />
Lake Michigan easterly into Lake Huron through <strong>the</strong> Straits <strong>of</strong> Mackinac.<br />
Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (2000) listed a total <strong>of</strong> 116 established fish species (species<br />
reproducing in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> or in <strong>the</strong> lowest reaches <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tributaries) in Lake Michigan. A<br />
total <strong>of</strong> 44 (38%) fish species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 116 established fish species and three locally extirpated<br />
species (Coregonus johannae, C. nigripinnis, and C. prognathus) in 19 families have had<br />
parasites reported <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. The number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined and not examined for<br />
parasites do not add up to 116 because fish species locally extirpated and some fish only<br />
identified to genus were included in this synopsis. Lake Michigan had <strong>the</strong> fewest number <strong>of</strong><br />
studies on parasites <strong>of</strong> fish (41) among all <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, and only 14 studies (34%) have been<br />
done since 1990. Most parasitological studies focused on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> common species, such<br />
as Perca flavescens, Osmerus mordax, Coregonus spp., Oncorhynchus spp., Salvelinus<br />
15
namaycush, and cyprinids. Of <strong>the</strong> 41 parasitological studies, <strong>the</strong> investigations <strong>of</strong> Amin, Guilford,<br />
and Pearse and <strong>the</strong>ir co-workers in western Lake Michigan and those <strong>of</strong> Muzzall and co-workers<br />
in eastern Lake Michigan are most obvious. There were no studies performed on a lakewide<br />
basis, and <strong>the</strong> only studies done were usually narrowly focused by <strong>the</strong> interests <strong>of</strong> individual<br />
investigators. It is believed that <strong>the</strong> circulatory system (blood) <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> Lake Michigan has<br />
been infrequently examined for parasites. It is not known if <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> only two monogenean<br />
species represents <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species on fish in this lake or <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> examination <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
for monogeneans.<br />
Pathogenic <strong>Parasites</strong><br />
Protozoans<br />
Potentially pathogenic protozoan parasites that could cause fish mortalities are Trichodina spp.,<br />
Henneguya spp., Myxidium spp., Myxobolus spp., and Thelohanellus notatus. These protozoans<br />
infect a variety <strong>of</strong> non-intestinal sites damaging <strong>the</strong> skin, gills, muscle and internal organs, and<br />
cause weight loss in fish (Dogiel et al. 1958; Reichenbach-Klinke and Elkan 1965; Reichenbach-<br />
Klinke 1973). When abundant, Trichodina spp. may cause <strong>the</strong> fins to become frayed, hyperplasia<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> epidermis, and blood-vessel congestion in <strong>the</strong> skin.<br />
Digenetic Trematodes<br />
Adult and larval digenetic trematodes occur in a variety <strong>of</strong> sites in fish. The effects <strong>of</strong> adult<br />
trematodes on fish health and mortality is difficult to assess based on <strong>the</strong> small number <strong>of</strong> wellperformed<br />
studies. However, Crepidostomum farionis has been reported to have caused mortality<br />
to fish in a hatchery (H<strong>of</strong>fman 1999). The metacercariae or larval stages <strong>of</strong> Clinostomum<br />
complanatum, Diplostomum spathaceum, Diplostomum spp., and Ichthyocotylurus spp. occurring<br />
in non-intestinal sites may cause mortality in fish. For information on <strong>the</strong> pathological effects and<br />
mortalities <strong>of</strong> fishes, especially young ones caused by larval trematodes, see Meyer (1958); Wales<br />
(1958b); Kozicka (1958); Bychovskaya-Pavlovskaya and Petrushevski (1963); Dukes (1975); and<br />
Williams and Jones (1994).<br />
Cestodes<br />
Adult cestodes such as Eubothrium crassum, E. salvelini, Bothriocephalus cuspidatus,<br />
Cyathocephalus truncatus, and Proteocephalus spp. may cause pathogenic effects to fish. Smith<br />
and Margolis (1970) reported that E. salvelini can cause damage to young salmonids. It has also<br />
been suggested that E. salvelini reduced <strong>the</strong> growth, survival, and swimming performance <strong>of</strong><br />
Oncorhynchus nerka (see Boyce 1979). Cyathocephalus truncatus can cause severe inflammation<br />
and rupture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gut wall resulting in mortality (Vik 1954, 1958).<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> larval cestodes, Eubothrium spp., Cyathocephalus truncatus, Diphyllobothrium<br />
oblongatum, Diphyllobothrium spp., Ligula sp., Schistocephalus thomasi, Proteocephalus<br />
ambloplitis, Triaenophorus crassus, and T. nodulosus can damage fish. Diphyllobothrium spp.<br />
have been reported to cause epizootics among trout (Salmonidae) because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> movements <strong>of</strong><br />
16
<strong>the</strong>ir plerocercoids (Duguid and Sheppard 1944; H<strong>of</strong>fman and Dunbar 1961), and to have caused<br />
a major decline <strong>of</strong> Salmo trutta and Salvelinus alpinus in Norway (Vik 1965). Ligula sp. and<br />
Schistocephalus sp. have been known to alter <strong>the</strong> behavior <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir fish hosts, making <strong>the</strong>m more<br />
susceptible to predation by piscivorous birds (Ness and Foster 1999; Loot et al. 2002). The<br />
reports <strong>of</strong> Triaenophorus spp. infecting fish are infrequent, and <strong>the</strong> last one was by Guilford<br />
(1954).<br />
Nematodes<br />
The effect <strong>of</strong> adult Cystidicola farionis in <strong>the</strong> swim bladder <strong>of</strong> coregonines and salmonines is<br />
difficult to assess based on <strong>the</strong> small number <strong>of</strong> studies performed. However, Black (1984)<br />
reported that lesions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> swimbladder in Salvelinus namaycush may have developed due to<br />
chronic mechanical irritation caused by mature Cystidicola stigmatura congregating, possibly to<br />
mate. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> large numbers <strong>of</strong> larval nematodes, such as Contracaecum sp.,<br />
Raphidascaris acus, and Eustrongylides tubifex, in various non-intestinal sites, may lead to<br />
inflammation, tissue damage to <strong>the</strong> liver and o<strong>the</strong>r viscera, and fibrosis (Williams 1967).<br />
However, <strong>the</strong> prevalence and intensity <strong>of</strong> larval nematodes reported in Lake Michigan fish have<br />
been low.<br />
Acanthocephalans<br />
Two acanthocephalan species (Echinorhynchus salmonis and Acanthocephalus dirus) infect<br />
several fish species with high prevalences and intensities. Acanthocephalans use <strong>the</strong>ir proboscis<br />
with hooks on it to attach to <strong>the</strong> inner wall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intestine. Their attachment with <strong>the</strong>ir proboscis<br />
leads to inflammation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intestinal tract reducing <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> surface area for nutrient<br />
absorption and possibly reducing <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> nutrition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fish (Bullock 1963; Pippy and<br />
Sandeman 1967; Schmidt et al. 1974). Amin and Burrows (1977) and Muzzall and Peebles (1988)<br />
have reported on <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> gravid female E. salmonis in non-intestinal sites <strong>of</strong> Osmerus<br />
mordax.<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis is <strong>the</strong> most-numerous parasite <strong>of</strong> Oncorhynchus spp. in Lake Michigan<br />
probably because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various pathways utilized in its life cycle. Echinorhynchus salmonis<br />
primarily uses <strong>the</strong> crustacean Diporeia (= Pontoporeia) affinis (see Amin 1978) as an<br />
intermediate host wherein <strong>the</strong> infective stage called <strong>the</strong> cystacanth develops. In <strong>the</strong> first pathway,<br />
<strong>the</strong> intermediate host, Diporeia, is eaten by a fish and <strong>the</strong> cystacanth develops into an adult in <strong>the</strong><br />
intestine <strong>of</strong> that fish. In <strong>the</strong> second pathway, called <strong>the</strong> postcyclical pathway, <strong>the</strong> infected fish<br />
with E. salmonis attached to its intestine is <strong>the</strong>n eaten by ano<strong>the</strong>r fish, wherein <strong>the</strong> worm attaches<br />
to <strong>the</strong> intestine, matures, and reproduces in this second fish. Hnath (1969) demonstrated in <strong>the</strong><br />
laboratory that adult E. salmonis can re-establish in a new host fish that has ingested ano<strong>the</strong>r fish<br />
infected with adult worms. The third-transmission pathway involves a paratenic host, where a fish<br />
that initially eats <strong>the</strong> intermediate host is not a suitable host, and as a result <strong>the</strong> cystacanth <strong>of</strong> E.<br />
salmonis penetrates <strong>the</strong> gut wall and encysts/occurs somewhere else in <strong>the</strong> fish without<br />
undergoing fur<strong>the</strong>r development. This fish host becomes a paratenic host. If <strong>the</strong> paratenic host is<br />
eaten by a suitable fish host, <strong>the</strong> acanthocephalan excysts and attaches in <strong>the</strong> intestine <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
17
suitable host and matures.<br />
We are not aware <strong>of</strong> any mortality in adult fishes <strong>of</strong> Lake Michigan as a result <strong>of</strong> parasitic<br />
infection. Holey et al. (1998) evaluated <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> E. salmonis on <strong>the</strong> epizootics <strong>of</strong><br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Lake Michigan, and concluded “it is uncertain if infections <strong>of</strong><br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis alone resulted in enough stress to trigger <strong>the</strong> epizootics”.<br />
Leeches<br />
The first study on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> Lake Michigan fish was Milner (1874) who commented on <strong>the</strong><br />
occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leech Piscicola milneri on a “large number <strong>of</strong> fishes.” The last study involving<br />
leeches was in 1977 (Amin 1977). It is difficult to assess <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> leeches because <strong>the</strong>re are<br />
only a few known leech species in <strong>the</strong> lake and little is known about <strong>the</strong>ir prevalences and<br />
intensities. Leeches appear to be infrequent parasites <strong>of</strong> Lake Michigan fish and <strong>of</strong> minor<br />
importance.<br />
Crustaceans<br />
The reported prevalences and intensities <strong>of</strong> most parasitic copepods on fish <strong>from</strong> Lake Michigan<br />
are low, and copepods seem to be <strong>of</strong> minor importance as a parasite on fish in Lake Michigan.<br />
Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients<br />
Eighteen parasite species reported <strong>from</strong> fish in two or more families make up only 20% <strong>of</strong> all<br />
parasitic species reported <strong>from</strong> fish in Lake Michigan. These parasite species have indirect life<br />
cycles with fish becoming infected by eating intermediate hosts or paratenic hosts, except for <strong>the</strong><br />
leeches and copepods that have direct life cycles. The larval/immature/adult cestode species made<br />
up 33% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parasite species shared by two or more fish families followed closely by <strong>the</strong><br />
acanthocephalan species (28%). There were no protozoan species, monogenean species, mollusk<br />
species, and only one adult digenetic trematode parasite species shared by two or more fish<br />
families.<br />
There are 73 parasite species that are host specific to 1 fish species or a fish family in Lake<br />
Michigan. This host specificity can be classified and separated based on phylogenetic specificity,<br />
ecological specificity, or some combination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two. Phylogenetic specificity suggests that<br />
parasite species occurring in one host species or a few closely related host species evolved <strong>from</strong><br />
ancestors that infected a single host species or host group. In o<strong>the</strong>r words, <strong>the</strong> evolutionary<br />
history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> host-parasite relationship is important. In ecological specificity, hosts and potential<br />
parasites do not live in <strong>the</strong> same habitat, do not eat <strong>the</strong> same food items, or <strong>the</strong>re is little overlap<br />
in <strong>the</strong>ir habitat and diet. Bush et al. (2001) stated, “It is probably true that phylogenetic specificity<br />
is <strong>the</strong> template upon which ecological specificity might be superimposed.”<br />
18
The Jaccard coefficients determined for five major fish families in Lake Michigan were low and<br />
<strong>the</strong>re were no apparent relationships between <strong>the</strong> coefficients and <strong>the</strong> temperature preferences <strong>of</strong><br />
fish species representing <strong>the</strong> five fish families. These low coefficients and lack <strong>of</strong> relationship<br />
with temperature preferences indicate that many parasite species have phylogenetic host<br />
specificity, fish species in different families do not occupy <strong>the</strong> same habitats or <strong>the</strong>ir habitats do<br />
not overlap much, and <strong>the</strong> diets <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fish species do not typically overlap ei<strong>the</strong>r by food items or<br />
spatially in foraging areas. The low Jaccard coefficients for parasite-community similarity<br />
indicate that <strong>the</strong> centrarchids, catostomids, cyprinids, percids, and salmonids in Lake Michigan<br />
share few parasite species, and that each fish family has its own characteristic parasite fauna.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Communities<br />
The most-common parasite species in centrarchids and percids were <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematode<br />
species. However, most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se digenetic trematode species were specific to one fish family. The<br />
percentage composition <strong>of</strong> digenetic trematodes in relation to o<strong>the</strong>r parasite groups in<br />
centrarchids and percids indicates <strong>the</strong>se fish spend time in shallow water since almost all <strong>the</strong><br />
known digenetic trematodes use molluscs as first intermediate hosts. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parasites<br />
reported <strong>from</strong> cyprinids were protozoans. The studies <strong>of</strong> Cone et al. (2004) and Cone and<br />
Marcogliese (2010), reporting only on <strong>the</strong> myxozoan protozoans <strong>of</strong> Notropis hudsonius, separated<br />
out <strong>the</strong> cyprinids <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r fish families with this protozoan group. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parasites<br />
<strong>from</strong> catostomids were acanthocephalans, and most <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> salmonids were copepods, cestodes,<br />
and nematodes. The larval stages (procercoids) <strong>of</strong> most, if not all, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se cestode species in<br />
salmonids use free-living copepods as first intermediate hosts. The parasitic copepods have direct<br />
life cycles.<br />
19
Table 2. Overall number, percentage (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses), and range (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) <strong>of</strong> parasite<br />
species in each major parasite group reported in each <strong>Great</strong> Lake during 1871-2010. Lake<br />
abbreviations are LM (Lake Michigan), LS (Lake Superior), LH (Lake Huron), LE (Lake Erie),<br />
and LO (Lake Ontario). Parasite group abbreviations are Ma (Mastigophora), Ci (Ciliophora), My<br />
(Myxozoa), Mi (Microspora), Dt (Digenea (digenetic trematodes)), A (Aspidobothrea), Mo<br />
(Monogenea), Ce (Cestoda), Ne (Nematoda), Ac (Acanthocephala), Hi (Hirudinea), Co<br />
(Copepoda), and Mol (Mollusca).<br />
Parasite group<br />
Lake Ma Ci My Mi Dt A Mo Ce Ne Ac Hi Co Mol Total<br />
LM 1 (1) 2 (2) 20<br />
(22)<br />
1(1) 16<br />
(18)<br />
LS 4 (3) 5 (3) 8 (5) 0 31<br />
(21)<br />
LH 2<br />
(
Table 3. <strong>Parasites</strong> reported in fishes <strong>from</strong> Lake Michigan, 1874-2010. Host documentation, in<br />
order, consists <strong>of</strong> references, when observed (cdnp = collection data not provided), prevalence<br />
defined as <strong>the</strong> percentage (%) <strong>of</strong> fish infected (pnp = prevalence not provided), mean intensity<br />
defined as <strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong> parasites per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided),<br />
mean abundance defined as <strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong> parasites per examined fish and noted with an<br />
asterisk, location (lns = location not specified or incomplete), latitude and longitude (llnk =<br />
latitude and longitude not known).<br />
Mastigophora (Flagellates)<br />
Trypanosomatidae D<strong>of</strong>lein, 1911<br />
Trypanosoma sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host:<br />
Cottus bairdii: Yeo 1985; 1982-1983; 79%; minp; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″)<br />
Cottus cognatus: Yeo 1985; 79%; minp; Milwaukee, Wisconsin<br />
Ciliophora (Ciliates)<br />
Trichodinidae Raabe, 1959<br />
Trichodina sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 1%; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-<br />
87º23′40″<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July,<br />
August 1989, May-October, 1990; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992;
Table 3, continued<br />
Myxozoa (Myxosporans)<br />
Chloromyxidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Chloromyxum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gall bladder<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 6%; minp; west <strong>of</strong> Michigan City; 41°43´N, 86°54´W; 20%; minp; north <strong>of</strong> Gary,<br />
Indiana; 41°36´N, 87°20´ W<br />
Myxidiidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Myxidium lieberkuehni Butschli, 1882<br />
Synonym: None.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 6%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin,<br />
43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Myxidium umbri Guilford, 1965<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Renal tubules<br />
Host: Umbra limi: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 4%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin;<br />
43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Myxidium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gall bladder, liver<br />
Host: Umbra limi: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 4%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin;<br />
43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Myxobolidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Henneguya doori Guilford, 1963<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Guilford 1963; March-October 1961, March-October 1962; 22%; minp; Green<br />
Bay, Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Henneguya exilis Kudo, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Ameiurus melas: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 43%; minp; Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
22
Table 3, continued.<br />
Henneguya limatula Meglitsch, 1937<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Bile<br />
Host: Ameiurus melas: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 7%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin;<br />
43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Henneguya umbri Guilford, 1965<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Umbra limi: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 37%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin;<br />
43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Myxobolus bartai Salim and Desser, 2000<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intracellular in striated muscle<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 13%; minp; west <strong>of</strong> Michigan City; 41°43´N, 86° 54´W<br />
Myxobolus burti Cone and Marcogliese 2010<br />
Synonym: Myxobolus sp. <strong>of</strong> Cone et al. 2004<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intracellular in striated muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August 2001,<br />
October 2002; 46%; minp; west <strong>of</strong> Michigan City; 41°43´N, 86°54´ W; 46%; minp; West Beach; 41°36´N,<br />
87°11´W; 33%; minp; north <strong>of</strong> Gary, Indiana; 41°36´N, 87°20´W<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Cone and Marcogliese 2010, same infection data and information as in Cone et al.<br />
2004.<br />
Myxobolus cognati Cone et al. 1996<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Operculum, perioral tissue, pelvic and pectoral fins, flank <strong>of</strong> body near lateral line<br />
Host: Cottus cognatus: Cone et al. 1996, July 1994; 52%; 13 cysts; Boulder Reef, Lake Michigan;<br />
45º35′24″/-85º58′37″<br />
Myxobolus eucalia (Guilford, 1965) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma eucalia (Guilford, 1965) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Cranium, pectoral fin<br />
Host: Culaea inconstans: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 4%; minp; Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
23
Table 3, continued.<br />
Myxobolus neurophilus Guilford, 1963 (Lom and Noble, 1984)<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma neurophila Guilford, 1963 (Lom and Noble, 1984)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Midbrain, optic ventricles<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Guilford 1963; March-October 1961, March-October 1962; 45%; minp; Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Guilford 1963; 100%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin<br />
Myxobolus procercum (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma procercum (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1063; 100%; minp; Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Myxobolus scleroperca (Guilford, 1963) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma scleroperca (Guilford, 1963) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eyes, sclerotic cartilage<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Guilford 1963; March-October 1961, March-October 1962; 13%; minp; Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Percina caprodes: Guilford 1963; 5%; minp; Green Bay, Wisconsin<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1995; 1990, 1991; 26%; minp; Michigan City, Indiana; 41º42′27″/-86º53′42″<br />
Myxobolus xiaoi Salim and Desser, 2000<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Cartilaginous tissue<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 6%; minp; west <strong>of</strong> Michigan City; 41°43´N, 86°54´W; 6%; minp; north <strong>of</strong> Gary,<br />
Indiana; 41°36´N, 87°20´ W<br />
Thelohanellus notatus (Mavor, 1916) Kudo, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Cysts in musculature]<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 6%, minp, west <strong>of</strong> Michigan City; 41°43´N, 86°54´ W; 13%, minp, West Beach,<br />
41°36´N, 87°11´W; 6%, minp, north <strong>of</strong> Gary, Indiana 41°36´N, 87°20´W<br />
24
Table 3, continued.<br />
Zschokkella sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Bile ducts <strong>of</strong> liver<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 26%; minp; west <strong>of</strong> Michigan City; 41°43´N, 86°54´ W; 6%; minp; West Beach;<br />
41°36´N, 87°11´W; 13%; minp; north <strong>of</strong> Gary, Indiana; 41°36´N, 87°20´W<br />
Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917<br />
Myxobilatus cotti Guilford, 1965<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host: Cottus bairdii: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 100%; minp; Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Myxobilatus noturi Guilford, 1965<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host: Noturus gyrinus: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 33%; minp; Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Myxobilatus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host: Culaea inconstans: Guilford 1965; April-July 1962, April-July 1963; 4%; minp; Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Sphaerospora sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Kidney tubules<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 6%; minp; west <strong>of</strong> Michigan City, Indiana; 41°43´N, 86°54´ W; 20%; minp; West<br />
Beach; 41°36´N, 87°11´W; 6%; minp; north <strong>of</strong> Gary, Indiana; 41°36´N, 87°20´W<br />
Microspora (Microsporans)<br />
Glugeidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Pleistophora sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host: Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 1%; minp; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-<br />
86º27′9″<br />
25
Table 3, continued.<br />
Adult Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Allocreadiidae (Looss, 1902) Stossich, 1903<br />
Bunodera sacculata (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Yamaguti, 1958<br />
Synonym: ?Bunoderina sacculata<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, anterior intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Muzzall 2002; July-September 1997, July-September 1998; 50-100%; 2-21; Silver<br />
Creek, Oceana County, Michigan; 44º19′32″/-83º28′52″<br />
Crepidostomum cooperi Hopkins, 1931<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum ambloplitis Hopkins, 1931; Crepidostomum solidum Van Cleave and Mueller,<br />
1932; Crepidostomum fausti Hunninen and Hunter, 1933; Crepidostomum laureatum <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904)<br />
and Cooper (1915) (partim); Bunodera nodulosa <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904) (partim); Crepidostomum cornutum <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper (1915) (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20′′/-<br />
87º54′23′′<br />
Crepidostomum farionis (Muller, 1784) Nicoll, 1909<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum laureatum Cooper, 1915<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; 5%; minp; Saugatuck, Michigan;<br />
42º39′18″/-86º12′7″<br />
Stephanophiala farionis Mueller<br />
Synonym: Stephanophiala farionis is probably a synonym <strong>of</strong> Crepidostomum farionis (Muller, 1780)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Crepidostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; pnp; minp; Saugatuck, Michigan;<br />
42º39′18″/-86º12′7″<br />
Azygiidae Luhe, 1909<br />
Azygia sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
26
Table 3, continued.<br />
Cryptogonimidae (Ward, 1917) Ciurea, 1933<br />
Acetodextra amiuri (Stafford, 1900) Pearse, 1924<br />
Synonym: Monostomum amiuri (Stafford, 1900) Pearse, 1924<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus melas: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Caecinicola parvulus Marshall and Gilbert, 1905<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Centrovarium lobotes (MacCallum, 1895) Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: Distomum lobotes MacCallum, 1895<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Remarks: Individuals <strong>of</strong> Centrovarium lobotes found by Pearse (1924b) could be larval stages.<br />
Cryptogonimus chili Osborn, 1903<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Remarks: Species commonly misspelled chyli.<br />
Gorgoderidae Looss, 1901<br />
Phyllodistomum staffordi Pearse, 1924a<br />
Synonym: Phyllodistomum folium (Olfers, 1816) (partim) <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1902); Phyllodistomum superbum<br />
Stafford, 1904 (partim); ?Phyllodistomum carolini Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum lacustri <strong>of</strong> Dechtiar (1972a)<br />
and Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988); Phyllodistomum hunteri (Arnold, 1934)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Pearse 1924a; cdnp; pnp; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″<br />
Ameiurus melas: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Phyllodistomum superbum Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: Phyllodistomum fausti Pearse, 1924a; Phyllodistomum pearsei Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum<br />
lohrenzi (Loewen, 1935) Bhalerao, 1937<br />
27
Table 3, continued.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924a; cdnpnp; p; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″<br />
“bream”: Pearse 1924a; pnp; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Remarks: “Bream” refers to one or more species <strong>of</strong> centrarchids.<br />
Homalometridae (Cable and Hunninen, 1942) Yamaguti, 1971<br />
Synonym: Anallocreadiidae Hunter and Bangham, 1932<br />
Homalometron armatum (MacCallum, 1895) Manter, 1947<br />
Synonym: Distomum isoporum var. armatum MacCallum, 1895; Allocreadium armatum (MacCallum,<br />
1895) Simer, 1929; Bunodera armatum (MacCallum, 1895); Anallocreadium pearsei Hunter and Bangham,<br />
1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Pearse 1924a; cdnp; pnp; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″)<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Lissorchiidae (Poche, 1926) Yamaguti, 1971<br />
Lissorchis attenuatus (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Krygier and Macy, 1969<br />
Synonym: Triganodistomum attenuatum Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 4%; 3; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Clinostomidae Luhe, 1901<br />
Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Braun, 1899<br />
Synonym: Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Braun, 1899; ?Clinostomum gracile <strong>of</strong> Stafford<br />
(1904); ?Distomum gracile <strong>of</strong> Wright (1879)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Skin<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Remarks: Dzikowski et al. (2004) reported that Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum<br />
were distinct species based on differences in ribosomal DNA.<br />
28
Table 3, continued.<br />
Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876<br />
Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1832;<br />
Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1833 <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915), probably Diplostomum emarginatae Olivier,<br />
1942; Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928); Diplostomum indistinctum; Diplostomum gigas<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Lens<br />
Host: Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; 1984, 1985, 1986; 93%; 15; Michigan City, Indiana;<br />
41º42′27″/-86º53′42″<br />
Diplostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye, lens<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 21%; 2; Michigan City, Indiana; 41º42′27″/-<br />
86º53′42″;
Table 3, continued.<br />
Strigeidae Railliet, 1919<br />
Ichthyocotylurus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 1%; 1; Ludington, Michigan;<br />
43º57′19″/-86º27′9″<br />
Monogenea (Monogeneans)<br />
Ancyrocephalidae Bykhovski and Nagibina, 1978<br />
Urocleidus adspectus (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 61%; 4; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green<br />
Bay, Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″; 92%; 6; <strong>of</strong>fshore <strong>from</strong> Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″<br />
Octocotylidae Van Beneden and Hesse, 1863<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [External surface]<br />
Host: Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; 5%; minp; Saugatuck, Michigan;<br />
42º39′18″/-86º12′7″)<br />
Remarks: This family designation may no longer be used.<br />
Adult Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Caryophyllaeidae Leuckhart, 1878<br />
Glaridacris catostomi (Cooper, 1920) Mackiewicz, 1965<br />
Synonym: Caryophyllaeus terebrans <strong>of</strong> Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim); Glaridacris laruei <strong>of</strong><br />
Bangham and Venard, 1946<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 64%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk<br />
Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899<br />
Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: Abothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779); Eubothrium oncorhynchi Wardle, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Cooper 1918; cdnp; pnp; minp; Charlevoix; 45º19′5″/-85º15′30″; and Pentwater,<br />
Michigan; 43º46′12″/-86º25′15″<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Lota lota: Cooper 1919; pnp; minp; Charlevoix, Michigan<br />
Lota lota: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
30
Table 3, continued.<br />
Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 1%; 1; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May-October<br />
1990; 33%; 2; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Amin 1977; 13%; 3; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1993; 48%; 14; Scottville, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1993; age-0 fish; 10%; 3; near mouth <strong>of</strong> Pere Marquette River<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1993; 11%; 3; Scottville, Michigan<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Amin 1977; 71%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 91%; 74; Ludington; 43º57′19″/-86º27′9″;<br />
Manistee, Michigan; 44º14′40″/-86º19′27″<br />
Salmo trutta: Amin 1977; 6%; 1; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849<br />
Bothriocephalus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917<br />
Synonym: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus luciopercae Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus hiodontos<br />
Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20′′/-<br />
86º16′48′′<br />
Cyathocephalidae Nybelin, 1922<br />
Cyathocephalus truncatus (Pallas, 1781) Kessler, 1868<br />
Synonym: Cyathocephalus americanus Cooper, 1917<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 12%; 2; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-<br />
86º27′9″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 13%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Cooper 1919; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk); Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-<br />
September 1964; 51% (combined prevalence for Cyathocephalus truncatus, Proteocephalus sp.,<br />
Diphyllobothrium sp.); minp; Saugatuck, Michigan; 42º39′18″/-86º12′7″<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Olson 1973; January-September 1973; overall minp; intensity analyzed by host age, sex,<br />
and season; Racine, Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″<br />
Cottus cognatus: Amin 1977; 11%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July,<br />
August 1989, May-October 1990; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″<br />
31
Table 3, continued.<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1993; 5%; 1; Scottville, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 8%; 1; Milwaukee, Wisconsin<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Corallobothrium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus exiguus La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ichthyotaenia laruei (Faust, 1920)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 46%; 7; Hibbards Creek, Door County; llnk; or<br />
Kewaunee River, Kewanee County; 44º27′27″/-87º29′28″; or Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-<br />
87º23′40″<br />
Coregonus artedi: La Rue 1911; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: La Rue 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; Charlevoix, Michigan; 45°19′5′′/-85°15′30′′<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 13%; 4; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk<br />
Coregonus nigripinnis: La Rue 1911; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Coregonus nigripinnis: La Rue 1914; 1894; pnp; minp; Charlevoix, Michigan<br />
Coregonus prognathus: La Rue 1911; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Coregonus prognathus: La Rue 1914; pnp; minp; Charlevoix, Michigan<br />
Coregonus spp.: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green Bay; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″;<br />
Milwaukee; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″; Wisconsin<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 3%; 1; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 5%; 2; Milwaukee, Wisconsin<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; 51% (combined prevalence for Proteocephalus<br />
sp., Cyathocephalus truncatus, Diphyllobothrium sp.); minp; Saugatuck, Michigan; 42º39′18″/-86º12′7″<br />
32
Table 3, continued.<br />
Coregonus spp.: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Lota lota: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin)<br />
“cottid” (Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899<br />
Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, anterior intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 8%; 2; Ludington, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 14%; 4; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-<br />
86º27′9″<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1989; 17%; 1; Ludington, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1989; 5%; 2; Ludington, and Manistee, Michigan; 44º14′40″/-<br />
86º19′27″<br />
Salmo trutta: Muzzall 1989; 50%; 1, Ludington, Michigan<br />
Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 20%; 1; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-86º27′9″<br />
Eubothrium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Posterior intestine, rectum<br />
Host:<br />
Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 3%; minp; Hibbards Creek, Door County; llnk; or<br />
Kewaunee River, Kewaunee County; 44º27′27″/-87º29′28″; or Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-<br />
87º23′40″<br />
Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; 1984, 1985, 1986; 1%; 1; Michigan City, Indiana;<br />
41º42′27″/-86º53′42″<br />
Cyathocephalidae Nybelin, 1922<br />
Cyathocephalus truncatus (Pallas, 1781) Kessler, 1868<br />
Synonym: Cyathocephalus americanus Cooper, 1917<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, anterior intestine<br />
Host: Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 1%; 1; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-<br />
86º27′9″<br />
33
Table 3, continued.<br />
Diphyllobothriidae Luhe, 1910<br />
Diphyllobothrium oblongatum Thomas, 1946<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Viscera]<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: Thomas 1947; cdnp; pnp; minp; Beaver Island; 47º54′27″/-89º10′12″; Straits <strong>of</strong><br />
Mackinaw; llnk; Cheboygan, Michigan; 45º39′52″/-84º26′8″<br />
Diphyllobothrium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted around pyloric cecum<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992;
Table 3, continued.<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, peritoneum<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk)<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; p; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Proteocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 1%; 1; Michigan City, Indiana; 41º42′27″/-<br />
86º53′42″; 2%; 1; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-86º27′9″<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 14%; 74; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-<br />
86º27′9″<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May-October<br />
1990; 83%; 29; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1993; 4%; 1; Scottville, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1989; 3%; 4; Ludington, and Manistee, Michigan; 44º14′40″/-<br />
86º19′27″<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1993; 15%; 2; Scottville, Michigan<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall 1989; 7%; 3; Ludington and Manistee, Michigan<br />
Triaenophoridae Loennberg, 1889<br />
Triaenophorus crassus Forel, 1868<br />
Synonyms: Triaenophorus robustus Olsson, 1893; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus morpha megadentatus<br />
Wardle, 1932; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus <strong>of</strong> Newton, 1932 (partim); Triaenophorus sp. type robustus <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper, 1919<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 3%; minp; Hibbards Creek, Door County;<br />
44º59′10″/-87º10′32″; or Kewaunee River, Kewaunee County; 44º27′27″/-87º29′28″ or Sturgeon Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1760) Rudolphi, 1819<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. type nodulosus <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1919 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Viscera<br />
35
Table 3, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Triaenophorus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Viscera]<br />
Host: ?Notropis delicatus: Cooper 1919; cdnp; pnp; minp; Charlevoix, Michigan; 45º19′5″/-85º15′30″<br />
Remarks: Reference <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1919) to Notropis delicatus probably refers to Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides.<br />
Trypanorhyncha, gen. sp.?<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Viscera<br />
Host: Fundulus sp.: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Remarks: Members <strong>of</strong> this order have eversible tentacles, and known species are parasites <strong>of</strong><br />
elasmobranchs; it is possible that Pearse (1924b) was referring to <strong>the</strong> genus Haplobothrium<br />
(Haplobothriidae) that has four protusible proboscides.<br />
Adult Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Synonym: Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim)<br />
Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790;<br />
Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790; Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris Schrank, 1790; Ascaris<br />
mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel, 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata<br />
Zeder, 1800; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder, 1800; Ascaris dentata<br />
(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci rutili Diesing, 1851;<br />
Trichodina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola Linstow; Ascaris<br />
gracillima Linstow, 1890; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924a; Hysterothylacium cayugensis Wigdor, 1918;<br />
Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and<br />
Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis, 1928; Raphidascaris gracillima<br />
(Linstow, 1890) Markowski, 1933; Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937;<br />
Raphidascaris laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Esox americanus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin, llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Pearse 1924a; cdnp; pnp; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″<br />
36
Table 3, continued.<br />
Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green Bay; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″; and<br />
Milwaukee; 43º2′20′′/-87º54′23′′; Wisconsin<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 2%; 2; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin<br />
Capillariidae Neuve-Lemaire, 1936<br />
Capillaria catostomi Pearse, 1924<br />
Synonym: Moravec (1987) indicated that Capillaria catostomi is a synonym <strong>of</strong> Pseudocapillaria<br />
tomentosa; ?Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Skrjabin and Schikhobalova,<br />
1954)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924a; cdnp; pnp; minp; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin, llnk<br />
Capillaria salvelini Polyanskii, 1952<br />
Synonym: Capillaria baicalensis Ryzhikov and Sudarikov, 1953; Capillaria coregoni Shulman-Albova,<br />
1953; Capillaria curilica Zhukov, 1960; Capillaria brevispicula sensu Moravec and Ergens, 1970, nec<br />
Linstow, 1873; Capillaria bakeri sensu Meyer, 1954, nec Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca<br />
Host: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May-<br />
October 1990; 23%; 6; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″<br />
Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Dichelyne cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Dacnitoides cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916; Cucullanellus cotylophora (Ward and<br />
Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Ameiurus melas: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Perca flavescens: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 9%; 2; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green Bay; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″;<br />
Wisconsin<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1999; 1990, 1991, 1996; 47%; 5; Michigan City, Indiana; 41º42′27″/-86º53′42″;<br />
19%; 4; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-86º27′9″<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
37
Table 3, continued.<br />
Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975)<br />
Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798<br />
Synonym: Cystidicola canadensis Skinker, 1930; Cystidicola stigmatura <strong>of</strong> Skinker (1931) not (Leidy,<br />
1886); Cystidicola stigmatura <strong>of</strong> Ko and Anderson 1969 not (Leidy, 1886)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1989; July-September, 1986; 17%; 4; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-<br />
86º27′9″<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May-October<br />
1990; 1%; 2; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytsch (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan<br />
Remarks: The above record <strong>of</strong> Cystidicola farionis in Salvelinus namaycush by Ward and Magath (1916)<br />
may refer to Cystidicola stigmatura.<br />
Cystidicola stigmatura (Leidy, 1886) Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Filaria stigmatura Leidy, 1886; Ancyracanthus cystidicola <strong>of</strong> Wright 1879 not (Lamarck, 1801);<br />
Cystidicola sp. <strong>of</strong> White 1940; Cystidicola farionis <strong>of</strong> Ward and Magath 1916 not (Fischer, 1798);<br />
Cystidicola cristivomeri White, 1941<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus spp. except Coregonus alpenae: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Olson 1973; January-September 1973; 71%; overall minp, intensity analyzed by host age,<br />
sex, and season; Racine, Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″<br />
Remarks: Black (1983) reported that Cystidicola stigmatura is apparently absent <strong>from</strong> fish in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong><br />
<strong>Lakes</strong> since 1925; <strong>the</strong> above record <strong>of</strong> Cystidicola stigmatura in Coregonus spp. may be erroneous since<br />
Salvelinus spp. are <strong>the</strong> only known host species <strong>of</strong> it in North America (Black 1983).<br />
Cystidicola sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host: Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; 40%; minp; Saugatuck, Michigan;<br />
42º39′18″/-86º12′7″<br />
Spinitectus gracilis Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July,<br />
August 1989, May-October 1990; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
38
Table 3, continued.<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 5%; 1; Milwaukee, Wisconsin;<br />
43º2′20″/-87º54′23″<br />
Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926<br />
Philometra cylindracea (Ward and Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindraceum Ward and Magath<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Viscera<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin, 1946<br />
Rhabdochona ovifilamenta Weller, 1938<br />
Synonym: Rhabdochona laurentiana, Lyster, 1940; Rhabdochona fortunatowi <strong>of</strong> Kussat, 1969;<br />
Rhabdochona sp. <strong>of</strong> Arai and Kussat, 1967<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Weller 1938; 1936-1937; pnp; minp; Big Stone Bay; 45º44′58″/-84º54′13″; Straits<br />
<strong>of</strong> Mackinaw, Michigan; llnk<br />
Unknown Family<br />
“Ascaris” angulata Rudolphi<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Remarks: Species <strong>of</strong> “Ascaris” were reported <strong>from</strong> North American fishes in <strong>the</strong> 1920s and 1930s, but<br />
belong to o<strong>the</strong>r genera.<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Synonym: Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim)<br />
Contracaecum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in mesentery<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1999; 1990, 1991, 1996; 3%; 1; Michigan City; 41º42′27″/-86º53′42″;<br />
Indiana; 8%; 2; Ludington, Michigan; 43°57′19′′/-86°27′9′′<br />
Remarks: Separating larval Contracaecum and larval Hysterothylacium is difficult.<br />
39
Table 3, continued.<br />
Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790;<br />
Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790; Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris Schrank, 1790; Ascaris<br />
mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel, 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata<br />
Zeder, 1800; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder, 1800; Ascaris dentata<br />
(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci rutili Diesing, 1851;<br />
Trichina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola Linstow; Ascaris<br />
gracillima Linstow, 1890; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924a; Hysterothylacium cayugensis Wigdor, 1918;<br />
Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and<br />
Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis, 1928; Raphidascaris gracillima<br />
(Linstow, 1890) Markowski, 1933; Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937;<br />
Raphidascaris laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 63%; 6; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green<br />
Bay, Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″; 29%; 25; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″<br />
Capillaridae Neuve-Lemaire, 1936<br />
Capillaria sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 1%; 1; Manistee, Michigan;<br />
44º14′40″/-86º19′27″<br />
Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Dichelyne cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Dacnitoides cotylophora (Ward and Magath, 1916); Cucullanellus cotylophora (Ward and<br />
Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Viscera<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus johannae: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green Bay; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″;<br />
Wisconsin<br />
Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975)<br />
Cystidicola stigmatura (Leidy, 1886) Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Filaria stigmatura Leidy, 1886; Ancyracanthus cystidicola <strong>of</strong> Wright, 1879 not (Lamarck,<br />
1801); Cystidicola sp. <strong>of</strong> White, 1940; Cystidicola farionis <strong>of</strong> Ward and Magath 1917 not (Fischer, 1798);<br />
Cystidicola cristivomeri White, 1941<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 1%; 10; Sturgeon Bay; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″; or<br />
Hibbards Creek, Door County; llnk; or Kewaunee River, Kewaunee County, Wisconsin; 44º27′27″/-<br />
87º29′28″<br />
40
Table 3, continued.<br />
Remarks: Guilford (1954) suggested Petromyzon marinus became infected when it ingested <strong>the</strong> infected<br />
swim bladder <strong>of</strong> a coregonid fish; Black (1983) suggested that Cystidicola stigmatura is apparently absent<br />
<strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> since 1925; <strong>the</strong> above record <strong>of</strong> Cystidicola stigmatura in Petromyzon marinus<br />
maybe erroneous since Salvelinus spp. are <strong>the</strong> only hosts <strong>of</strong> it in North America (Black 1983).<br />
Cystidicola sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host: Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; 1984, 1985, 1986; 2%; 2; Michigan City, Indiana;<br />
41º42′27″/-86º53′42″<br />
Spinitectus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 17%; 7; Manistee, Michigan;<br />
44º14′40″/-86º19′27″<br />
Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915<br />
Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch, 1819) Jagerskiold, 1909<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in mesentery on surface <strong>of</strong> ovaries, testes, liver, spleen, and gastointestinal tract,<br />
and free in <strong>the</strong> body cavity, viscera, and muscle<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Allison 1966; cdnp; 2%; 1; Little Bay de Noc, Michigan; 45º45′59″/-87º0′45″; 1%;<br />
1; Leland, Michigan; 45º1′22″/-85º45′35″<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1999; 1990, 1991, 1996; 3%; 1; Michigan City, Indiana; 41º42′27″/-86º53′42″<br />
Remarks: Allison (1966) misidentified Eustrongylides tubifex as Philometra cylindracea.<br />
Eustrongylides sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in mesentery and on intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 7%; 2; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-88º46′45″<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Camp et al. 1999; June-October 1995; 1%; 1;
Table 3, continued.<br />
Quimperiidae Baylis, 1930<br />
Synonym: Haplonematidae Sudarikova and Ryzikov, 1952<br />
Haplonema hamulatum Moulton, 1931<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Small intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 1%; 1; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-<br />
86º27′9″<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May-<br />
October 1990; 3%; 1; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Agamonema sp.<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 21%; 4; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green<br />
Bay, Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-86º46′45″<br />
Remarks: Yorke and Maplestone (1926) define Agamonema as a collective group for immature nematodes<br />
in fishes.<br />
Adult Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans)<br />
Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876<br />
Acanthocephalus dirus (Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave and Townsend, 1936<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus dirus Van Cleave, 1931; Acanthocephalus jacksoni Bullock, 1962;<br />
Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1975, 1977<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Amin 1977; 1973-1974;
Table 3, continued.<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July,<br />
August, 1989, May-October 1990; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″<br />
Salmo trutta: Amin 1977; 6%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Amin 1977; 14%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Amin 1985; pnp; minp; Racine Harbor, Racine County, sou<strong>the</strong>ast Wisconsin<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall 1989; 9%; 3; Manistee, Michigan<br />
Lota lota: Amin 1977; 100%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Cottus cognatus: Amin 1977; 38%; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Camp et al. 1999; June-October 1995; 2%; 1;
Table 3, continued.<br />
Osmerus mordax: Amin and Burrows 1977; 75%; 3*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; 1984, 1985, 1986; 59%; 4; Michigan City, Indiana;<br />
41º42′27″/-86º53′42″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 22*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Amin and Burrows 1977; 96%; 13*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; 99%; minp; Saugatuck, Michigan; 42º39′18″/-<br />
86º12′7″<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Olson 1973; January-September 1973; 95%; overall minp; intensity analyzed by host age,<br />
sex, and season; Racine, Wisconsin 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″<br />
Coregonus spp. “ciscoes”: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Amin 1985; July 1980, July 1981; 95%; 109*; Racine Harbor; llnk; Racine County,<br />
sou<strong>the</strong>ast Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 140*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Hnath 1969; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall 1989; July-September 1986; 100%; 96; Ludington; 43°57′19′′/-86°27′9′′;<br />
Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July, August 1989, May-October<br />
1990; 100%; 91; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″<br />
Oncorhychus mykiss: Amin and Burrows 1977; 75%; 38*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1989; 100%; 42; Ludington and Manistee, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1993; 96%; 28; Scottville, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Amin 1985; 97%; 79*; Racine Harbor; Racine County, sou<strong>the</strong>ast Wisconsin<br />
Oncorhychus tshawytscha: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 53*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1989; 100%; 237; Ludington and Manistee, Michigan; 45º57′27″/-<br />
86º14′46″<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall 1993; 100%; 303; Scottville, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan<br />
Salmo trutta: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 16*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Salmo trutta: Muzzall 1989; 100%; 38; Ludington and Manistee, Michigan<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Amin 1985; 93%; 67*; Racine Harbor, Racine County, sou<strong>the</strong>ast Wisconsin<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 82*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Hnath 1969; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall 1989; 100%; 97; Ludington and Manistee, Michigan<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Lota lota: Amin and Burrows 1977; 100%; 18*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Lota lota: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Cottus cognatus: Amin and Burrows 1977; 73%; 9*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Perca flavescens: Amin and Burrows 1977; 45%; 1*; Wisconsin-Illinois state line<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 1999; cdnp; pnp; minp; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green Bay; 43º55′31′′/-88º46′45′′;<br />
Wisconsin<br />
44
Table 3, continued.<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 4%; 2; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 82%; 9; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917<br />
Synonym: Hebesomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebesomatidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Neoechinorhynchus crassus Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Neorhynchus cylindratus Van Cleave, 1913; Eorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van<br />
Cleave, 1914<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Petromyzon marinus: Guilford 1954; 1951-1952; 1%; 1; Hibbards Creek, Door County; llnk; Kewaunee<br />
River, Kewaunee County; 44º27′27″/-87º29′28″; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; 44º51′14″/-87º23′40″<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 3%; 1; Milwaukee,<br />
Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″<br />
Octospinifer macilentus Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Octospinifer sp. <strong>of</strong> Mudry and Arai, 1973; Octospinifer sp. <strong>of</strong> Mudry and Anderson, 1976<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Ameiurus melas: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
45
Table 3, continued.<br />
Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Immature Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans)<br />
Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876<br />
Acanthocephalus dirus: Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave and Townsend, 1936<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus dirus Van Cleave 1931; Acanthocephalus jacksoni Bullock 1962;<br />
Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1975, 1977<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Non-intestinal infections, enclosed within envelopes <strong>of</strong> undetermined origin<br />
Host: Osmerus mordax: Amin and Burrows 1977; November 1973-October 1974; pnp; minp; Wisconsin-<br />
Illinois state line; llnk<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis Muller, 1784<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919; Echinorhynchus pachysomus,<br />
Echinorhynchus phoenix, Echinorhynchus inflatus, Echinorhynchus maraenae, Echinorhynchus murenae,<br />
Metechinorhynchus alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis (Muller 1784) Petrochenko 1956<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach, intestine<br />
Host: Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 92%; 4; Ludington, Michigan; 43º57′19″/-<br />
86º27′9″<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis Muller, 1784<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919; Echinorhynchus pachysomus,<br />
Echinorhynchus phoenix, Echinorhynchus inflatus, Echinorhynchus maraenae, Echinorhynchus murenae,<br />
Metechinorhynchus alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis (Muller, 1784) Petrochenko 1956<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Non-intestinal infections, encapsulated in <strong>the</strong> mesentery <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> digestive tract and on <strong>the</strong><br />
outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> liver, gonads, swim bladder, and enclosed within envelopes <strong>of</strong> undetermined origin in body<br />
cavity; some female worms were gravid<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Amin and Burrows 1977; November 1973-October 1974; pnp; minp; Wisconsin-Illinois<br />
state line; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; 1984, 1985, 1986; 7%; 3; Michigan City, Indiana;<br />
41º42′27″/-86º53′42″<br />
46
Table 3, continued.<br />
Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Viscera<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Viscera<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Hirudinea (Leeches)<br />
Glossiphoniidae Vaillant, 1890<br />
Desserobdella picta (Verrill, 1872)<br />
Synonym: Batracobdella picta (Verrill, 1872), Placobdella picta (Verrill, 1872)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Body surface]<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Placobdella parasitica (Say, 1924) Moore, 1921<br />
Synonym: Glossosiphonia parasitica Pinto, 1923; Haementaria parasitica Aytrum, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fin<br />
Host: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Amin 1977; 1973-1974; 17%; 1; Wisconsin-Illinois state line; llnk<br />
Piscicolidae Johnston, 1865<br />
Piscicola milneri (Verrill, 1872) Ryerson, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ichthyobdella milneri<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Body surface, fins]<br />
47
Table 3, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Meyer 1940; cdnp; pnp; minp; St. Joseph, Michigan; 42º6′35″/-86º28′48″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Meyer 1946; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Lota lota: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
“Large numbers <strong>of</strong> fishes”: Milner 1874, 1871 or 1872; pnp; minp; Kenosha, Wisconsin; 42º35′5″/-<br />
87º49′16″<br />
Piscicola punctata (Verrill, 1871) Moore, 1912<br />
Synonym: Ichthyobdella punctata (Verrill, 1871) Moore, 1912<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Body surface]<br />
Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Meyer 1940; cdnp; pnp; minp; St. Joseph, Michigan; 42º6′35″/-86º28′48″<br />
Piscicolaria sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Body surface]<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified leeches<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: ?<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Olson 1973; January-September 1973; 1%; overall minp; intensity analyzed by host age,<br />
sex, and season; Racine Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Lota lota: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Copepoda (Copepods)<br />
Ergasilidae Nordmann, 1832<br />
Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabini Mueller, 1937<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Perca flavescens: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
48
Table 3, continued.<br />
Remarks: Records <strong>of</strong> Ergasilus caeruleus on fish hosts before Roberts (1970) should be treated with<br />
caution.<br />
Ergasilus centrarchidarum (Wright, 1882) Wilson, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Ergasilus luciopercarum Henderson, 1926<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabini Mueller, 1936; Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson<br />
in Mueller, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 1%; 1; Michigan City, Indiana; 41º42′27″/-<br />
86º53′42″<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; August 1973-August 1974; pnp; minp; Toben Road,<br />
Wisconsin; llnk; Zion, Illinois; 42º26′46″/-87º49′58″; Waukegan, Illinois; 42º21′49″/-87º50′41″; Winnetka,<br />
Illinois; 42º6′29″/-87º44′9″; Montrose Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; 41º57′41″/-87º38′17″; Belmont Harbor,<br />
Chicago, Illinois; 41º56′34″/-87º38′12″; Diversey Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; 41º55′47″/-87º38′0″; Jackson<br />
Park Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; llnk; Little Manistee River, Michigan; 44º12′42″/-86º16′40″<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; 9%; 1; Toben Road, Wisconsin; Zion, Illinois;<br />
Waukegan, Illinois; Winnetka, Illinois; Montrose Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Belmont Harbor, Chicago,<br />
Illinois; Diversey Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Jackson Park Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Little Manistee River,<br />
Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (age-0 and age-1 fish): Muzzall 1993; May, August, September 1983, July,<br />
August 1989, May-October 1990; pnp; minp; Scottville, Michigan; 43º57′17″/-86º16′48″<br />
Salmo trutta: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; pnp; minp; Toben Road, Wisconsin; Zion, Illinois; Waukegan,<br />
Illinois; Winnetka, Illinois; Montrose Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Belmont Harbor, Chicago, Illinois;<br />
Diversey Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Jackson Park Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; Little Manistee River,<br />
Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; 16%; 2; Montrose Harbor, Chicago, Illinois<br />
Perca flavescens: Carney and Dick 2000; May-July 1992, May-July 1993; 73%; 4; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Green Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 43º55′31″/-86º46′45″; 37%; 2; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 43º2′20″/-87º54′23″<br />
Ergasilus nerkae Roberts, 1963<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus caeruleus <strong>of</strong> Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim); Ergasilus sp. <strong>of</strong> Bangham and<br />
Adams, 1954 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
49
Table 3, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; August 1973-August 1974; 2%; minp; Toben Road,<br />
Wisconsin; llnk; Zion, Illinois; 42º26′46″/-87º49′58″; Waukegan, Illinois; 42º21′49″/-87º50′41″; Winnetka,<br />
Illinois; 42º6′29″/-87º44′9″; Montrose Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; 41º57′41″/-87º38′17″; Belmont Harbor,<br />
Chicago, Illinois; 41º56′34″/-87º38′12″; Diversey Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; 41º55′47″/-87º38′12″; Jackson<br />
Park Harbor, Chicago, Illinois; llnk; Little Manistee River, Michigan; 44º12′42″/-86º16′40″<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Hudson et al. 1994; 1992; pnp; minp; lns; fish specimens examined are archived at <strong>the</strong><br />
National Biological Survey, <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Center, and <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Zoology, University <strong>of</strong> Michigan; llnk<br />
Lernaeopodidae Olsson, 1869<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi Kroyer, 1863<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res ambloplitis Kellicott, 1880; Ach<strong>the</strong>res micropteri Wright, 1882<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Lota lota: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Pearse 1924b; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Gill cavity<br />
Host: Coregonus hoyi: Olson 1973; January-September 1973; 11%; overall minp, intensity analyzed by<br />
host age, sex, and season; Racine, Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/88º4′30″<br />
Salmincola extensus (Kessler, 1868) Kabata, 1969<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res coregoni Baumann, 1911; Lernaeopoda coregoni Smith, 1874; Lernaeopoda extensus<br />
Kessler, 1868; Lernaeopoda maraenae Olsson, 1877; Salmincola wisconsinensis Tidd and Bangham, 1945<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Salvelinus namaycush: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Salmincola extumescens (Gadd, 1901) Wilson, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res corpulentus Kellicott, 1880, Salmincola corpulentus (Kellicott, 1880), Lernaeopoda<br />
extumescens Gadd, 1901; Lernaeopoda inermis Wilson, 1911; Salmincola inermis (Wilson, 1911) Wilson,<br />
1915; Salmincola omuli Messjatzeff, 1926<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Buttner and Hamilton 1976; August 1973-August 1974; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Coregonus johannae: Pearse 1924b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Wisconsin; llnk<br />
50
Table 3, continued.<br />
Salmincola sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus hoyi: DeGiusti 1965; April-September 1964; 5%; minp; Saugatuck, Michigan; 42º39′18″/-<br />
86º12′7″<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Olson 1973; January-September 1973; 3%; overall minp; intensity analyzed by host age,<br />
sex, and season; Racine, Wisconsin; 42º44′58″/-88º4′30″<br />
Table 4. Number <strong>of</strong> studies performed on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
connecting bodies <strong>of</strong> water by 10-yr period. Abbreviations for lakes and connecting bodies <strong>of</strong><br />
water are LM (Lake Michigan), LS (Lake Superior), SMR (St. Marys River), LH (Lake Huron),<br />
SCS (St. Clair System), LE (Lake Erie), NR (Niagara River), and LO (Lake Ontario).<br />
Period LM LS SMR LH SCS LE NR LO Totals<br />
1870-1879 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3<br />
1880-1889 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1<br />
1890-1899 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2<br />
1900-1909 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2<br />
1910-1919 4 3 1 3 2 4 0 0 17<br />
1920-1929 3 0 0 3 0 4 0 0 10<br />
1930-1939 1 0 0 2 0 7 1 6 17<br />
1940-1949 3 4 0 2 0 5 0 2 16<br />
1950-1959 1 2 0 4 0 1 0 0 8<br />
1960-1969 6 3 0 5 0 6 0 7 27<br />
1970-1979 4 3 0 11 0 26 1 19 64<br />
1980-1989 4 7 2 12 0 11 1 3 40<br />
1990-1999 9 6 0 8 5 1 0 0 29<br />
2000-2010 5 2 2 10 4 4 0 2 29<br />
Totals 41 35 6 60 12 69 3 39 265<br />
51
Table 5. <strong>Fish</strong>es by family and species <strong>from</strong> Lake Michigan <strong>from</strong> which parasites have been<br />
reported during 1874-2010 using data <strong>from</strong> Table 3. References in paren<strong>the</strong>ses following<br />
parasites refer to references for host records.<br />
Petromyzontidae<br />
Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Guilford 1954)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Guilford 1954)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Guilford 1954); Triaenophorus crassus, (Guilford 1954)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Guilford 1954)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Guilford 1954); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Guilford<br />
1954); Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Guilford 1954)<br />
Acipenseridae<br />
Acipenser fulvescens (lake sturgeon)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (La Rue et al. 1926)<br />
Clupeidae<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus (alewife)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall 1994)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Muzzall 1994); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Muzzall 1994)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall 1994)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1994); Diphyllobothrium sp.,<br />
(Muzzall 1994); Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1994)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Haplonema hamulatum, (Muzzall 1994)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and<br />
Burrows 1977; Muzzall 1994)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Muzzall 1994)<br />
Cyprinidae<br />
Cyprinus carpio (common carp)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977)<br />
52
Table 5, continued.<br />
?Notropis delicatus, correct name is probably Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides (emerald shiner)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus sp., (Cooper 1919)<br />
Notropis hudsonius (spottail shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus bartai, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus burti, (Cone et al. 2004, Cone and Marcogliese<br />
2010); Myxobolus xiaoi, (Cone et al. 2004); Thelohanellus notatus, (Cone et al. 2004); Zschokkella sp.,<br />
(Cone et al. 2004); Chloromyxum sp., (Cone et al. 2004); Sphaerospora sp., (Cone et al. 2004)<br />
Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and Burrows 1977)<br />
Pimephales notatus (bluntnose minnow)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra cylindracea, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Catostomidae<br />
Catostomus catostomus (longnose sucker)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Catostomus commersonii (white sucker)<br />
Adult Digenea: Lissorchis attenuatus, (Amin 1977)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b); Glaridacris catostomi, (Amin 1977)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catostomi, (Pearse 1924a, 1924b); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and<br />
Burrows 1977; Pearse 1924b); Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Pearse 1924b); Neoechinorhynchus<br />
cylindratus, (Pearse 1924b); Octospinifer macilentus, (Pearse 1924b); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Pearse<br />
1924b)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Pearse 1924b); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Pearse 1924b)<br />
Hirudinea: Desserobdella picta, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Gobiidae<br />
Apollonia melanostoma (round goby)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Camp et al. 1999)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides sp., (Camp et al. 1999)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Camp et al. 1999)<br />
53
Table 5, continued.<br />
Ictaluridae<br />
Ameiurus melas (black bullhead)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya exilis, (Guilford 1965); Henneguya limatula, (Guilford 1965)<br />
Adult Digenea: Acetodextra amiuri, (Pearse 1924b); Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead)<br />
Adult Digenea: Acetodextra amiuri, (Pearse 1924b); Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Pearse 1924a, 1924b)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium sp., (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Pearse 1924b); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli,<br />
(Pearse 1924b)<br />
Ameiurus sp. (bullhead)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula sp., (Cooper 1919)<br />
Noturus gyrinus (tadpole madtom)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobilatus noturi, (Guilford 1965)<br />
Esocidae<br />
Esox americanus (redfin pickerel)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Esox lucius (nor<strong>the</strong>rn pike)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxidium lieberkuehni, (Guilford 1965)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Pearse 1924a)<br />
Umbridae<br />
Umbra limi (central mudminnow)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya umbri, (Guilford 1965); Myxidium umbri, (Guilford 1965); Myxidium sp., (Guilford<br />
1965)<br />
Osmeridae<br />
Osmerus mordax (rainbow smelt)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Muzzall and Peebles 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cystidicola sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1988)<br />
54
Table 5, continued.<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and<br />
Burrows 1977; Muzzall and Peebles 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin and Burrows 1977); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Amin and Burrows 1977; Muzzall and Peebles 1988)<br />
Salmonidae<br />
Coregonus artedi (lake herring/cisco)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (La Rue 1911, 1914)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium oblongatum, (Thomas 1947)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Pearse 1924b); Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis (lake whitefish)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Amin 1977; Cooper 1919); Proteocephalus exiguus, (Amin<br />
1977)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and Burrows 1977; Pearse 1924b)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Meyer 1940, 1946); Piscicola punctata, (Meyer 1940)<br />
Coregonus hoyi (bloater)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (DeGiusti 1965): Crepidostomum sp., (DeGiusti 1965)<br />
Monogenea: ?Octocotylidae, (DeGiusti 1965)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Amin 1977); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (DeGiusti 1965; Olson<br />
1973; Pearse 1924b); Proteocephalus sp., (DeGiusti 1965)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (DeGiusti 1965; Olson 1973)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Olson 1973); Cystidicola sp., (DeGiusti 1965)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and<br />
Burrows 1977; DeGiusti 1965; Olson 1973)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Pearse 1924b); leech (Olson 1973)<br />
Copepoda: Ac<strong>the</strong>res sp. (Olson 1973); Salmincola extumescens, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976); Salmincola<br />
sp., (DeGiusti 1965)<br />
Remarks: Note <strong>the</strong> misspelling <strong>of</strong> Ac<strong>the</strong>res by Olson (1973).<br />
Coregonus johannae (deepwater cisco)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola extumescens, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Coregonus nigripinnis (blackfin cisco)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (La Rue 1911, 1914)<br />
Coregonus prognathus (longjaw whitefish)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (La Rue 1911, 1914)<br />
55
Table 5, continued.<br />
Coregonus spp. (coregonines)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Pearse 1924b); Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Pearse 1924b); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1993)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1989); Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall 1989,<br />
1993); Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1989, 1993)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977, 1985); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin<br />
1985; Amin and Burrows 1977; Hnath 1969; Muzzall 1989, 1993)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976)<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Amin 1977; Muzzall 1993)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1989); Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall 1993)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Muzzall 1989, 1993)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spinitectus sp., (Muzzall 1989)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and<br />
Burrows 1977; Muzzall 1989, 1993)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976)<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall 1993); Capriniana sp., (Muzzall 1993)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1993); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall 1993)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1989); Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall 1989,<br />
1993); Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1989, 1993)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall 1993); Cystidicola farionis, (Muzzall 1993); Spinitectus<br />
gracilis, (Muzzall 1993)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Capillaria sp., (Muzzall 1989); Haplonema hamulatum, (Muzzall 1993)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977, 1985; Muzzall 1989, 1993); Echinorhynchus<br />
salmonis, (Amin 1985; Amin and Burrows 1977; Muzzall 1989, 1993)<br />
Hirudinea: Placobdella parasitica, (Amin 1977)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976; Muzzall 1993)<br />
Salmo trutta (brown trout)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Amin 1977)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall 1989)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and<br />
Burrows 1977; Muzzall 1989)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976)<br />
56
Table 5, continued.<br />
Salvelinus namaycush (lake trout)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Cooper 1919; Pearse 1924b); Eubothrium salvelini, (Amin 1977;<br />
Muzzall 1989)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1989)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977, 1985; Muzzall 1989); Echinorhynchus leidyi,<br />
(Pearse 1924b); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin 1985; Amin and Burrows 1977; Hnath 1969; Muzzall<br />
1989; Pearse 1924b)<br />
Hirudinea: Unidentified leeches, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola extensus, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus (trout-perch)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus procercum, (Guilford 1965)<br />
Percopsidae<br />
Gadidae<br />
Lota lota (burbot)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Cooper 1919; Pearse 1924b); Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and<br />
Burrows 1977; Pearse 1924b)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Pearse 1924b); unidentified leeches, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Copepoda: Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Fundulidae<br />
Fundulus sp. (killifish/topminnow)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Order Trypanorhyncha gen. sp., (Haplobothrium sp.?); (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Gasterosteidae<br />
Culaea inconstans (brook stickleback)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus eucalia, (Guilford 1965); Myxobilatus sp., (Guilford 1965)<br />
Pungitius pungitius (ninespine stickleback)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994)<br />
Small fish in <strong>the</strong> Gasterosteidae<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Schistocephalus thomasi, (Garoian 1960)<br />
57
Table 5, continued.<br />
Cottus bairdii (mottled sculpin)<br />
Mastigophora: Trypanosoma sp., (Yeo 1985)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobilatus cotti, (Guilford 1965)<br />
Cottidae<br />
Cottus cognatus (slimy sculpin)<br />
Mastigophora: Trypanosoma sp., (Yeo 1985)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus cognati, (Cone et al. 1996)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Amin 1977)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Schistocephalus sp., (French and Muzzall 2008)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Amin 1977); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and<br />
Burrows 1977)<br />
Myoxocephalus thompsonii (deepwater sculpin)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall et al. 1997<br />
Microspora: Pleistophora sp., (Muzzall et al. 1997)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall et al. 1997); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall<br />
et al. 1997)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall et al. 1997)<br />
“Cottid”<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Centrarchidae<br />
Ambloplites rupestris (rock bass)<br />
Adult Digenea: Caecinicola parvulus, (Pearse 1924b); Cryptogonimus chili, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicolaria sp., (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Pearse 1924b); Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed)<br />
Adult Digenea: Cryptogonimus chili, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Ascaris (?) angulata, (Pearse 1924b); Spinitectus gracilis, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra cylindracea, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
58
Table 5, continued.<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Pearse 1924b); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Pearse<br />
1924b)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicolaria sp., (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Copepoda: Ach<strong>the</strong>res ambloplitis, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
“Bream” This is one or more species <strong>of</strong> centrarchid.<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum superbum, (Pearse 1924a)<br />
Percidae<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile (Iowa darter)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra cylindracea, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum (Johnny darter)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus neurophilus, (Guilford 1963)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra cylindracea, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Perca flavescens (yellow perch)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya doori, (Guilford 1963); Myxobolus neurophilus, (Guilford 1963); Myxobolus<br />
scleroperca, (Guilford 1963; Muzzall 1995)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Carney and Dick 1999); Bunodera sacculata, (Muzzall 2002);<br />
Stephanophiala farionis (?Crepidostomum farionis), (Pearse 1924b); Azygia sp., (Pearse 1924b);<br />
Phyllodistomum superbum, (Pearse 1924a, 1924b)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Pearse 1924b); Diplostomum sp., (Carney and<br />
Dick 2000; Pearse 1924b); Apophallus sp., (Carney and Dick 2000)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus adspectus, (Carney and Dick 2000)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Pearse 1924b); Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Carney and Dick 1999);<br />
Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Carney and Dick 1999, 2000); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Carney and Dick<br />
1999, 2000; Pearse 1924b)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Pearse 1924b); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Pearse<br />
1924b)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Philometra cylindracea, (gravid individuals?, Pearse 1924b); Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
(Carney and Dick 1999, Carney and Dick 2000); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Amin 1977; Carney and Dick<br />
1999, 2000; Muzzall 1999); Rhabdochona ovifilamenta, (Weller 1938); Spinitectus gracilis, (Carney and<br />
Dick 2000)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum sp., (Muzzall 1999); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Carney and Dick<br />
1999); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Allison 1966; Muzzall 1999); Eustrongylides sp., (Carney and Dick 2000);<br />
Raphidascaris acus, (Carney and Dick 2000); Agamonema sp., (Carney and Dick 2000)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Pearse 1924b); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Amin and<br />
Burrows 1977; Carney and Dick 2000; Pearse 1924b); Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Carney and Dick 2000);<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
59
Table 5, continued.<br />
Hirudinea: Desserobdella picta, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Pearse 1924b); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Buttner and Hamilton 1976;<br />
Carney and Dick 2000)<br />
Percina caprodes (logperch)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus scleroperca, (Guilford 1963)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Sciaenidae<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens (freshwater drum)<br />
Adult Digenea: Homalometron armatum, (Pearse 1924b)<br />
Large numbers <strong>of</strong> fishes<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Milner 1874)<br />
Unspecified <strong>Fish</strong>es<br />
Table 6. Numbers and percentages (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) <strong>of</strong> parasite species in each major parasite<br />
group reported for each <strong>of</strong> five major fish families <strong>from</strong> Lake Michigan, 1874-2010. Parasite<br />
group abbreviations are Ci (Ciliophora), My (Myxozoa), Dt (Digenea), Mo (Monogenea), Ce<br />
(Cestoda), Ne (Nematoda), Ac (Acanthocephala), Hi (Hirudinea), and Co (Copepoda).<br />
Parasite group<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> family Ci My Dt Mo Ce Ne Ac Hi Co Total<br />
Cyprinidae 0 7<br />
(58)<br />
1 (8) 0 1 (8) 1 (8) 2 (7) 0 0 12<br />
Catostomidae 0 0 1 (6) 0 3 (20) 2 (13) 7 (47) 1 (7) 1 (7) 15<br />
Centrarchidae 0 0 4 (31) 0 2 (15) 2 (15) 1 (8) 1 (8) 3 (23) 13<br />
Percidae 0 3 (9) 8 (24) 1 (3) 5 (15) 8 (24) 5 (15) 1 (3) 2 (6) 33<br />
Salmonidae 2 (7) 0 2 (7) 1 (4) 5 (19) 5 (19) 3 (11) 3 (11) 6 (22) 27<br />
60
Table 7. Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity based on <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> parasites<br />
reported for five fish families <strong>from</strong> Lake Michigan during 1874-2010.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> family Cyprinidae Catostomidae Salmonidae Centrarchidae<br />
Cyprinidae 1.0000 0.1250 0.0256 0.0416<br />
Catostomidae 0.1250 1.0000 0.1714 0.1153<br />
Salmonidae 0.0256 0.1714 1.0000 0.1081<br />
Centrarchidae 0.0416 0.1153 0.1081 1.0000<br />
Percidae 0.0434 0.2000 0.1851 0.1951<br />
Parasite Species<br />
LAKE SUPERIOR<br />
Results<br />
Thirty-five studies conducted during 1871-2010 have reported a parasite species infecting 1 or<br />
more fish species in Lake Superior. Most studies were conducted during 1980-1999 (Table 4). A<br />
total <strong>of</strong> 148 parasite species (4 Mastigophora, 5 Ciliophora, 8 Myxozoa, 19 adult Digenea, 12<br />
larval/immature Digenea, 26 Monogenea, 18 adult Cestoda (not including Dibothrium<br />
infundibuliforme), 6 larval/immature Cestoda, 18 adult Nematoda, 3 larval/immature Nematoda,<br />
13 adult Acanthocephala, 4 Hirudinea, 11 Copepoda, 1 Mollusca) have been reported <strong>from</strong> Lake<br />
Superior fish (Table 2). Although Bucephalus elegans, Bothriocephalus sp., Proteocephalus sp.,<br />
Triaenophorus crassus, T. nodulosus, Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
Cystidicola farionis, Echinorhynchus sp., Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, Pomphorhynchus<br />
bulbocolli, and Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus were represented in both adult and larval/immature<br />
groups, <strong>the</strong>y are listed in <strong>the</strong> adult category and only counted once. The parasites by taxonomic<br />
group and family, infecting fish <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior, are listed in Table 8.<br />
Protozoans<br />
Only one genus <strong>of</strong> mastigophoran, Trypanosoma, possibly representing three or more species,<br />
was found in <strong>the</strong> blood <strong>of</strong> Gymnocephalus cernuus and Cottus spp. Three species <strong>of</strong> ciliophorans<br />
(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Scyphidia sp., Tetrahymena sp.) have been reported <strong>from</strong> G.<br />
cernuus. Trichodina urinaria and Trichodina sp. infected Perca flavescens and Ambloplites<br />
rupestris, respectively. Seven species <strong>of</strong> myxozoans in <strong>the</strong> Myxobolidae have been reported, with<br />
most species occurring in one fish species or in one family. Thelohanellus notatus was found in<br />
three species <strong>of</strong> cyprinids. All protozoans occurred in non-intestinal sites.<br />
61
Digenetic Trematodes<br />
This parasite group was <strong>the</strong> most represented with <strong>the</strong> largest number <strong>of</strong> species (31) and eight<br />
families. Individual families were represented by only one species, except for <strong>the</strong> Allocreadiidae<br />
and Gorgoderidae. The family Allocreadiidae had eight species represented, with Crepidostomum<br />
farionis reported <strong>from</strong> seven fish species. Five species <strong>of</strong> Crepidostomum and four species <strong>of</strong><br />
Phyllodistomum were documented. Individuals <strong>of</strong> most digenean species occurred only in <strong>the</strong><br />
intestine, except for Crepidostomum farionis (also gall bladder), Phyllodistomum farionis and<br />
Phyllodistomum coregoni (ureters), and Sanguinicola occidentalis (blood). Individuals <strong>of</strong> six<br />
families were represented by larval/immature digenetic trematodes mostly infecting non-intestinal<br />
sites. Ichthyocotylurus erraticus was associated with <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> five fish species. Seven species<br />
are in <strong>the</strong> Diplostomidae, with Diplostomum spathaceum reported <strong>from</strong> 16 fish species.<br />
Monogeneans<br />
Twenty-six species representing seven families <strong>of</strong> monogeneans were reported. Nine and seven<br />
species were in <strong>the</strong> Ancyrocephalidae and Dactylogyridae, respectively. The genera Urocleidus<br />
and Dactylogyrus were each represented by five species. Most species occurred on <strong>the</strong> gills,<br />
except for Lyrodiscus rupestris and Pellucidhaptor catostomi (fins, nares, nasal cavity),<br />
Acolpenteron catostomi (ureters), Gyrodactylus bairdi (also fins) and Gyrodactylus dechtiara<br />
(fins). Most monogenean species were host-specific to one fish species or one fish family, but<br />
Discocotyle sagittata was found on <strong>the</strong> gills <strong>of</strong> five salmonid species.<br />
Cestodes<br />
Adult cestodes in seven families have been reported. Four species <strong>of</strong> caryophyllids occurred in<br />
catostomids, Eubothrium crassum and E. salvelini only infected salmonids, and Eubothrium<br />
rugosum was only found in Lota lota. Eubothrium salvelini and Cyathocephalus truncatus<br />
infected six and five fish species, respectively. Seven species are in <strong>the</strong> Proteocephalidae with six<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species in <strong>the</strong> genus Proteocephalus. Many species in this family are host-specific to one<br />
fish species or family. Triaenophorus crassus and T. nodulosus are host-specific to Esox lucius.<br />
Larval/immature cestodes <strong>from</strong> four families were found. Five species (Diphyllobothrium<br />
ditremum, D. laruei, D. latum, D. oblongatum, Ligula intestinalis) are in <strong>the</strong> Diphyllobothriidae.<br />
Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei, and D. oblongatum only infected coregonids.<br />
Diphyllobothrium latum has only been reported <strong>from</strong> Esox lucius and Lota lota. Species in this<br />
family and Triaenophorus spp. were found in a variety <strong>of</strong> non-intestinal sites. Larvae <strong>of</strong><br />
Triaenophorus crassus occurred in coregonids and salmonids. Only Bothriocephalus sp.,<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis, and Proteocephalus sp. were solely represented as immature<br />
individuals, and <strong>the</strong>se occurred in <strong>the</strong> intestine.<br />
62
Nematodes<br />
Adult nematodes representing eight families were reported. All individuals occurred in <strong>the</strong><br />
digestive tract, except for Cystidicola spp. (swimbladder), Philometroides nodulosus (cheek<br />
galleries), and Philonema oncorhynchi (body cavity). Five nematode species were <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
family Cystidicolidae. Capillaria salvelini has been reported <strong>from</strong> 4 species <strong>of</strong> Oncorhynchus and<br />
2 species <strong>of</strong> whitefish, Cystidicola farionis <strong>from</strong> 13 fish species, C. stigmatura <strong>from</strong> 4 species,<br />
Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum <strong>from</strong> 5 species, and Spinitectus gracilis <strong>from</strong> 7 fish species. Four<br />
species in <strong>the</strong> Rhabdochonidae have been identified. Of <strong>the</strong> seven larval/immature nematode<br />
species found, Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, and<br />
Spiroxys sp. occurred in non-intestinal sites and Camallanus oxycephalus, C. farionis, and<br />
Haplonema sp. were reported <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> intestine.<br />
Acanthocephalans<br />
Adult acanthocephalan species representing four families were found. Neoechinorhynchidae was<br />
represented by eight species with <strong>the</strong> genus Neoechinorhynchus most common.<br />
Neoechinorhynchus crassus, N. cristatus, and Octospinifer macilentus infected primarily<br />
catostomids. Echinorhynchus salmonis infected 17 fish species. Acanthocephalus dirus and<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli infected nine and seven species, respectively. Three <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four<br />
species <strong>of</strong> immature acanthocephalans were found in <strong>the</strong> intestine—only Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus occurred in non-intestinal sites.<br />
Leeches<br />
Four species <strong>of</strong> leeches (Actinobdella inequiannulata, Myzobdella lugubris, Piscicola milneri, P.<br />
punctata) in two families were infrequently found on fish.<br />
Crustaceans<br />
Two families <strong>of</strong> parasitic copepods were documented—Ergasilidae (5 species) and<br />
Lernaeopodidae (6 species). Ergasilus caeruleus and E. nerkae were found on four and five fish<br />
species, respectively. O<strong>the</strong>r copepod species (E. centrarchidarum, E. cotti, E. luciopercarum,<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, Salmincola extensus, S. extumescens, S. inermis, S. lotae) are host-specific to<br />
one fish species or one fish family.<br />
Molluscs<br />
Unidentified glochidia occurred on Pungitius pungitius, Percopsis omiscomaycus, and Perca<br />
flavescens.<br />
63
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analyses<br />
Thirty-seven fish species (44%) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 85 established fish species in 14 families were examined<br />
for parasites <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior (Table 9). Of <strong>the</strong>se 37 fish species, 20 (54%) species have had<br />
some aspect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir parasites studied only once. The most fish species examined were in<br />
Salmonidae (15) and Cyprinidae (4). Among individual fishes, parasite species-richness was<br />
highest in Coregonus artedi (28), Catostomus commersonii (25), and Notropis hudsonius (21).<br />
Only one parasitic study was reported for nineteen fish species (Acipenser fulvescens, Alosa<br />
pseudoharengus, Luxilus cornutus, Pimephales notatus, Rhinichthys cataractae, Ameiurus<br />
nebulosus, Coregonus alpena, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, C. kiyi, C. zeni<strong>the</strong>cus, Prosopium<br />
coulteri, Salmo trutta, Cottus bairdii, C. ricei, Ambloplitis rupestris, Micropterus dolomieu,<br />
Perca flavescens, Sander vitreus) and only two studies were reported for seven fish species<br />
(Catostomus catostomus, C. commersonii, Esox lucius, Salvelinus fontinalis, Percopsis<br />
omiscomaycus, Cottus cognatus, Gymnocephalus cernuus). Notropis hudsonius, Pungitius<br />
pungitius, and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha each had three studies on <strong>the</strong>ir parasites, and<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch and Onocorhynchus mykiss four studies. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha,<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum, Osmerus mordax and Lota lota each had 5 studies, Salvelinus<br />
namaycush 9 studies, and Coregonus artedi 13 studies.<br />
Fifty fish species plus one hybrid (Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis) <strong>from</strong> Lake<br />
Superior that have not had information published on <strong>the</strong>ir parasites are: Ichthyomyzon fossor, I.<br />
unicuspis, Lampetra appendix, Petromyzon marinus, Lepisosteus osseus, Dorosoma cepedianum,<br />
Couesius plumbeus, Cyprinus carpio, Hybognathus hankinsoni, Margariscus margarita, Nocomis<br />
biguttatus, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides, N. heterodon, N. heterolepis, N.<br />
volucellus, N. stramineus, Opsopoeodus emiliae, Phoxinus eos, P. neogaeus, Pimephales<br />
promelas, Rhinichthys obtusus, Semotilus atromaculatus, Moxostoma anisurum, M.<br />
macrolepidotum, M. valenciennesi, Ameiurus melas, A. natalis, Ictalurus punctatus, Noturus<br />
flavus, N. gyrinus, Esox masquinongy, Umbra limi, Apeltes quadracus, Culaea inconstans,<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus, Myoxocephalus thompsonii, Morone americana, M. chrysops, Lepomis<br />
gibbosus, L. macrochirus, Micropterus salmoides, Pomoxis nigromaculatus, E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile, E.<br />
flabellare, E. microperca, E. nigrum, Percina caprodes, Sander canadensis, and Aplodinotus<br />
grunniens.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses<br />
The values for parasite species-richness and number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) for<br />
each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five major fish families were Centrarchidae (24, 2), Cyprinidae (29, 4), Catostomidae<br />
(32, 2), Percidae (38, 3), and Salmonidae (45, 15). The correlation coefficient between parasite<br />
species-richness and number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined for each family using <strong>the</strong>se values for all<br />
five families was nonsignificant (rs = 0.615).<br />
64
<strong>Parasites</strong> only found in centrarchids were adult digenetic trematodes (Proterometra macrostoma),<br />
larval digenetic trematodes (Uvulifer ambloplitis), monogeneans (Lyrodiscus rupestris),<br />
larval/immature nematodes (Camallanus oxycephalus), adult acanthocephalans<br />
(Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus), immature acanthocephalans (Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus), leeches<br />
(Myzobdella lugubris), and copepods (Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, Ergasilus centrarchidarum). Parasite<br />
species only found in cyprinids were protozoans (Myxobolus algonquiensis, M. burti, M. grandis,<br />
Thelohanellus notatus, Zschokkella sp.), larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Centrovarium<br />
lobotes, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Tylodelphys scheuringi), monogeneans (Dactylogyrus<br />
banghami, D. bifurcatus, D. cornutus, Gyrodactylus dechtiara, Octomacrum microconfibula),<br />
adult nematodes (Rhabdochona decaturensis), and adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus<br />
notemigoni). <strong>Parasites</strong> only found in catostomids were protozoans (Myxobolus bibullatum), adult<br />
digenetic trematodes (Lissorchis attenuatus, Phyllodistomum lysteri, Plagiocirrus sp.),<br />
monogeneans (Acolpenteron catostomi, Anonchohaptor anomalus, Octomacrum lanceatum),<br />
adult cestodes (Glaridacris catostomi, G. laruei, Isoglaridacris bulbocirrus, Monobothrium<br />
hunteri), larval cestodes (Ligula intestinalis), adult nematodes (Capillaria catostomi,<br />
Philometroides nodulosa), adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus cristatus, Octospinifer<br />
macilentus), leeches (Actinobdella inequiannulata), and copepods (Ergasilus caeruleus, E.<br />
nerkae). <strong>Parasites</strong> only found in percids were protozoans (Trypanosoma acerinae, Trichodina<br />
urinaria, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Scyphidia sp., Tetrahymena sp.), adult digenetic trematodes<br />
(Acanthostomum sp., Bucephalus elegans, Bunodera sacculata, Crepidostomum cooperi,<br />
Phyllodistomum superbum, Sanguinicola occidentalis), larval digenetic trematodes (Apophallus<br />
brevis, Bucephalus elegans, Neascus brevicaudatus), monogeneans (Dactylogyrus<br />
amphibothrium, D. hemiamphibothrium), adult nematodes (Camallanus oxycephalus, Dichelyne<br />
cotylophora, Rhabdochona ovifilamenta, Spinitectus carolini), larval/immature nematodes<br />
(Hysterothylacium brachyurum), copepods (Ergasilus centrarchidarum), and mollusks<br />
(unidentified glochidia). <strong>Parasites</strong> only found in salmonids were protozoans (Chloromyxum sp.,<br />
Henneguya zschokkei, Henneguya sp.), adult digenetic trematodes (Crepidostomum farionis, C.<br />
isostomum, Phyllodistomum coregoni), monogeneans (Discocotyle sagittata), adult cestodes<br />
(Eubothrium crassum, E. salvelini, Proteocephalus exiguus, P. laruei, P. parallacticus, P.<br />
salvelini), larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei, D. oblongatum,<br />
Diphyllobothrium sp., Triaenophorus crassus), adult nematodes (Capillaria salvelini,<br />
Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, Cystidicoloides sp., Philonema oncorhynchi), immature<br />
nematodes (Haplonema sp.), adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus tumidus), leeches<br />
(Piscicola milneri), and copepods (Salmincola extensus, S. extumescens, S. inermis, S. siscowet).<br />
The parasite group(s) (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) most common in each fish family were Cyprinidae<br />
(digenetic trematodes), Catostomidae (digenetic trematodes and cestodes), Centrarchidae<br />
(digenetic trematodes followed by monogeneans), Percidae (digenetic trematodes followed by<br />
nematodes), and Salmonidae (cestodes followed by nematodes) (Table 10).<br />
65
The numbers and percentages <strong>of</strong> autogenic and allogenic helminth species (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) for<br />
each fish family, respectively, were Centrarchidae (10 species, 71%, 4 species, 29%), Cyprinidae<br />
(9 species, 50%, 9 species, 50%), Catostomidae (19 species, 86%, 3 species, 14%), Percidae (20<br />
species, 77%, 6 species, 23%), and Salmonidae (28 species, 82%, 6 species, 18%).<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Parasite Communities—<strong>Fish</strong> Families<br />
Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity were calculated for <strong>the</strong> following fish<br />
families and species: Centrarchidae (Ambloplites rupestris, Micropterus dolomieu), Cyprinidae<br />
(Luxilus cornutus, Notropis hudsonius, Pimephales notatus, Rhinichthys cataractae),<br />
Catostomidae (Catostomus catostomus, C. commersonii), Percidae (Gymnocephalus cernuus,<br />
Perca flavescens, Sander vitreus), and Salmonidae (Coregonus alpenae, C. artedi, C.<br />
clupeaformis, C. hoyi, C. kiyi, C. zeni<strong>the</strong>cus, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. kisutch, O. mykiss, O.<br />
tshawytscha, Prosopium coulteri, P. cylindraceum, Salmo trutta, Salvelinus fontinalis, S.<br />
namaycush). The coefficients were very low and ranged <strong>from</strong> 0.0377 (Catostomidae and<br />
Centrarchidae) to 0.0923 (Salmonidae and Centrarchidae) and indicate that few parasite species<br />
are shared among fish species in <strong>the</strong>se fish families (Table 11).<br />
Species or a specific genus <strong>of</strong> each major parasite group reported for two or more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five fish<br />
families (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) are: adult digenetic trematodes—Allocreadium lobatum (2),<br />
Crepidostomum cornutum (2), Azygia angusticauda (2), larval/immature digenenetic<br />
trematodes—Clinostomum complanatum (4), Diplostomum spathaceum (10), Posthodiplostomum<br />
minimum (2), Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (2), Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (2), adult cestodes—<br />
Cyathocephalus truncatus (2), larval/immature cestodes—Bothriocephalus sp. (2),<br />
Diphyllobothrium latum (2), Ligula intestinalis (3), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (2),<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus (2), adult nematodes—Hysterothylacium brachyurum (4), Cystidicola<br />
farionis (2), Cystidicola stigmatura (2), Rhabdochona canadensis (2), Spinitectus gracilis (4),<br />
larval/immature nematodes—Raphidascaris acus (2), adult acanthocephalans-Acanthocephalus<br />
dirus (8), Echinorhynchus lateralis (2), Echinorhynchus salmonis (8), Neoechinorhynchus<br />
crassus (2), Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (2), Neoechinorhynchus rutili (2),<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tenellus (2), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (5), and Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus<br />
(3).<br />
Discussion<br />
Lake Superior is <strong>the</strong> largest and deepest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> with an approximate length and width<br />
<strong>of</strong> 563 km and 257 km, respectively (Herdendorf, 1982). Its surface area is approximately 82,100<br />
km 2 and has a mean depth (maximum) <strong>of</strong> 149 m (405 m). The waters <strong>of</strong> Lake Superior flow into<br />
Lake Huron through <strong>the</strong> St. Marys River.<br />
66
Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (2000) listed a total <strong>of</strong> 85 established fish species in Lake<br />
Superior. Thirty-seven fish species (44%) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> established fish species representing 14 families<br />
were examined for parasites (Table 5). The primary survey done on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> Lake Superior<br />
fish was by Dechtiar and Lawrie (1988) who examined 27 fish species and found 122 parasite<br />
species (not including agnaths). The numbers (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) found by <strong>the</strong>m in each main<br />
parasite group were Protozoa (7), Digenetic Trematoda (28), Monogenea (26), Cestoda (17),<br />
Nematoda (18), Acanthocephala (12), Crustacea (8), Hirudinea (5), and Mollusca (1). The<br />
number <strong>of</strong> parasitic species in each group reported in this synopsis was similar to that reported by<br />
Dechtiar and Lawrie (1988), except for protozoans (+10 species) and cestodes (+7 species).<br />
Pathogenic <strong>Parasites</strong><br />
Protozoans<br />
The effect <strong>of</strong> Trypanosoma spp. in <strong>the</strong> blood <strong>of</strong> infected fish is difficult to measure based on <strong>the</strong><br />
small number studies performed. Some ciliophorans (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina<br />
urinaria, Tetrahymena sp.) and myxozoans (Henneguya spp., Myxobolus spp., Thelohanellus<br />
notatus) can infect a variety <strong>of</strong> non-intestinal sites damaging <strong>the</strong> skin, muscle, internal organs,<br />
and gills causing weight loss to <strong>the</strong>ir fish hosts as well as mortalities (Elser 1955; Dogiel et al.<br />
1958; Reichenbach-Klinke and Elkan 1965; Reichenbach-Klinke 1973; H<strong>of</strong>fman et al. 1975).<br />
Digenetic Trematodes<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> adult digenetic trematodes found, it is possible that Crepidostomum farionis in <strong>the</strong> gall<br />
bladder (D. Mitchum, Wyoming Game and <strong>Fish</strong> Department, personal communication, 1966;<br />
H<strong>of</strong>fman (1999)), Phyllodistomum spp. in <strong>the</strong> ureters (Gleason et al. 1983), and Sanguinicola sp.<br />
in <strong>the</strong> blood can cause pathology to <strong>the</strong>ir hosts (Wales 1958a). Larval digenetic trematodes<br />
(called metacercariae; typically encysted) that are known to cause pathology and mortalities <strong>of</strong><br />
fish, especially young ones, are: Clinostomum complanatum, Centrovarium lobotes, Crassiphiala<br />
bulboglossa, Diplostomum spathaceum, Diplostomum sp., Neascus sp., Posthodiplostomum<br />
minimum, Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, and Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (see Meyer 1958; Kozicka<br />
1958; Bychovaskaya-Pavlovskaya and Petrushevski 1963; Dukes 1975).<br />
Monogeneans<br />
Several species <strong>of</strong> monogeneans are considered potentially harmful to fish, particularly for young<br />
fish, and three <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species, Discocotyle sagittata, Tetraonchus monenteron, and T. variabilis,<br />
were documented in Lake Superior (Mizelle 1938; Tripathi 1959; Dogiel et al. 1958; Lester and<br />
Adams 1974). When abundant, <strong>the</strong>se species can cause mechanical damage at <strong>the</strong>ir attachment<br />
site, including gill lesions, epi<strong>the</strong>lial hyperplasia, fusion <strong>of</strong> lamellae and filaments, and filament<br />
clubbing (Williams and Jones 1994).<br />
67
Cestodes<br />
Eubothrium crassum, E. rugosum, E. salvelini, Cyathocephalus truncatus, Triaenophorus<br />
crassus, and T. nodulosus are adult cestodes that have been reported to cause pathology to fish<br />
(Vik 1954, 1958; Smith and Margolis 1970; Boyce 1979). Larval cestodes (plerocercoids) <strong>of</strong><br />
Diphyllobothrium spp., Ligula intestinalis, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Triaenophorus crassus,<br />
T. nodulosus, and Triaenophorus sp. can cause various pathology and problems to fish, including<br />
destruction <strong>of</strong> ovary and oogenic tissue, sterility, haemorrhage caused by moving plerocercoids,<br />
poor condition and stunting (Esch and Huffines 1973; H<strong>of</strong>fman and Dunbar 1961; McCormick<br />
and Stokes 1982). It is also possible that <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> Triaenophorus crassus and<br />
Triaenophorus sp. in <strong>the</strong> muscle <strong>of</strong> salmonids may cause difficulties in marketing <strong>the</strong>se fish<br />
(H<strong>of</strong>fman 1941; Miller 1945, 1952; Welch 1950, 1952; Warren 1952). Problems associated with<br />
muscle <strong>of</strong> fish infected with Triaenophorus include tissue reduced to homogenous mass as well as<br />
haemorrhage and lesions caused by moving plerocercoids, and encapsulation <strong>of</strong> plerocercoids,<br />
accompanied by inflammation (Pronina 1977; Davydov 1981; Rosen and Dick 1984).<br />
Nematodes<br />
Wright (1879) was <strong>the</strong> first study on a parasite infecting a fish <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior and that<br />
parasite was <strong>the</strong> nematode Cystidicola stigmatura in <strong>the</strong> swim bladder <strong>of</strong> Salvelinus namyacush.<br />
Cystidicola farionis infects <strong>the</strong> swim bladder <strong>of</strong> coregonines, salmonines and Osmerus mordax,<br />
and C. stigmatura occurs in <strong>the</strong> swim bladder <strong>of</strong> Salvelinus spp. Black (1984) reported on swim<br />
bladder lesions in S. namaycush that may have been caused by adult C. stigmatura. The larval<br />
stages <strong>of</strong> Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium brachyurum, and Raphidascaris acus occurring in<br />
<strong>the</strong> viscera, including <strong>the</strong> liver, can cause inflammation, damage, and fibrosis in a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
fishes, including salmonids (Williams 1967). Dick et al. (1987) believed that efforts to establish<br />
an Oncorhynchus mykiss population in an inland lake failed because <strong>of</strong> high intensities <strong>of</strong><br />
Contracaecum spp.<br />
Acanthocephalans<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> adult acanthocephalans, Acanthocephalus dirus, Echinorhynchus lateralis, and<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis are <strong>the</strong> most-important species causing inflammation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intestinal<br />
tract, thus reducing <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> surface area for nutrient absorption in <strong>the</strong>ir fish hosts (Bullock<br />
1963; Pippy and Sandeman 1967; Schmidt et al. 1974). Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli caused<br />
erosion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> epi<strong>the</strong>lium, marked cellular reaction, and <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> a fibrous capsule around<br />
its proboscis when it penetrated <strong>the</strong> intestinal wall (McDonough and Gleason 1981).<br />
Leeches<br />
The first report <strong>of</strong> a parasitic organism <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior was Verrill (1871) who commented<br />
on <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leech Piscicola punctata, but did not document it infecting a fish.<br />
Leeches occasionally cause fish mortalities (Rupp and Meyer 1954). However, leeches are not<br />
important pathogens <strong>of</strong> fish in Lake Superior to date, except for Actinobdella inequiannulata that<br />
can damage <strong>the</strong> gills and operculum <strong>of</strong> catostomids by eroding <strong>the</strong> epi<strong>the</strong>lium and causing<br />
68
hyperplasia <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surrounding epi<strong>the</strong>lium and an intense inflammatory response (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988).<br />
Crustaceans<br />
Several species <strong>of</strong> Ergasilus infect a variety <strong>of</strong> fish species in Lake Superior. These can cause<br />
mechanical damage when attached to <strong>the</strong> gills, fins, and o<strong>the</strong>r areas producing hemorrhaging and<br />
epi<strong>the</strong>lial hyperplasia in heavy infections (Kabata 1970; Dechtair and Lawrie 1988). Several<br />
species <strong>of</strong> Salmincola infect cold-water fish species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, including <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan<br />
and Superior, causing hyperplasia <strong>of</strong> gill filaments and growth inhibition <strong>of</strong> infected gill filaments<br />
(Piasecki and Avenant-Oldewage 2008).<br />
Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients<br />
Only 29 helminth species, 20% <strong>of</strong> all fish parasites reported in Lake Superior, infected fish in two<br />
or more fish families. All <strong>the</strong>se parasite species have indirect life cycles involving intermediate<br />
hosts. Of <strong>the</strong>se, most species were acanthocephalans (31%) and digenetic trematodes (28%).<br />
There were 117 parasite species that were host-specific to one fish species or one fish family in<br />
Lake Superior. There was no protozoan, monogenean, leech, copepod, or mollusc species shared<br />
by fish in <strong>the</strong> five different families surveyed.<br />
Jaccards coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity for fish among <strong>the</strong> five fish-family<br />
comparisons were very low indicating fish in <strong>the</strong>se families shared few parasite species. The<br />
highest coefficient (0.0923) involved <strong>the</strong> Salmonidae (Salmoniformes) and Centrarchidae<br />
(Perciformes) followed by <strong>the</strong> Cyprinidae (Cypriniformes) and Centrarchidae. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, only<br />
one parasite species was shared between <strong>the</strong> Centrarchidae and Cottidae. These low coefficients<br />
involving fish species among <strong>the</strong>se fish families indicate <strong>the</strong>y do not occupy <strong>the</strong> same habitats or<br />
<strong>the</strong> habitats do not overlap much, and <strong>the</strong> diets <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fish species do not typically overlap ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
by food items or spatially in foraging areas. <strong>Fish</strong> in <strong>the</strong> Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, and Percidae<br />
can be considered cool-water species, individuals in <strong>the</strong> Catostomidae as temperature generalists,<br />
and fish in <strong>the</strong> Salmonidae as cold-water species. There is no pattern for <strong>the</strong>se coefficients <strong>of</strong><br />
parasite-community similarity in relationship to fish phylogeny or temperature preferences.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong> low Jaccard coefficients for parasite-community similarity among <strong>the</strong><br />
centrarchids, catostomids, cyprinids, percids, and salmonids indicate that each fish family has its<br />
own characteristic parasite fauna in Lake Superior.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Communities<br />
Digenetic trematodes dominated <strong>the</strong> parasite communities <strong>of</strong> fish in <strong>the</strong> Cyprinidae,<br />
Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, and Percidae (see Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988 for similar results).<br />
Cestodes that utilize copepods as first intermediate hosts, was <strong>the</strong> most-common group <strong>of</strong> parasite<br />
found in <strong>the</strong> Salmonidae.<br />
69
Most fish species examined for parasites <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior were salmonids (15 species). Only<br />
2-4 fish species were examined in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r families. Salmonids had <strong>the</strong> richest parasite fauna (45<br />
parasite species) followed by percids (39 parasite species). Only one study was performed on <strong>the</strong><br />
parasites <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens (see Dechtair and Lawrie 1988). Of <strong>the</strong> 34 helminth species found<br />
in salmonids, 82% were autogenic, and 77% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> helminth species found in percids were<br />
autogenic. Catostomids had <strong>the</strong> highest percentage <strong>of</strong> autogenic helminth species (86%).<br />
Cyprinids were infected with 30 parasite species and had <strong>the</strong> highest percentage <strong>of</strong> allogenic<br />
species (50%). <strong>Fish</strong> in all <strong>the</strong> families, except <strong>the</strong> Cyprinidae are dominated by autogenic<br />
helminth species. Twenty-four parasite species were reported <strong>from</strong> only two fish species<br />
examined in <strong>the</strong> Centrarchidae. Based on <strong>the</strong> available literature <strong>from</strong> a fish family and parasite<br />
perspective, salmonids and <strong>the</strong>ir autogenic parasites, and Perca flavescens and its autogenic<br />
parasites are prominent in Lake Superior, similar to <strong>the</strong> findings in Lake Michigan.<br />
The autogenic helminth species reported for Lake Superior that mature in fish include <strong>the</strong><br />
larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Bucephalus elegans, Bucephalus sp., Centrovarium<br />
lobotes), larval/immature cestodes (Bothriocephalus sp., Proteocephalus ambloplitis,<br />
Proteocephalus sp., Triaenophorus crassus, T. nodulosus, Triaenophorus sp.), larval/immature<br />
nematodes (Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
Cystidicola farionis, Haplonema sp.), and <strong>the</strong> immature acanthocephalans (Echinorhynchus sp.,<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, Neoechinorhynchus sp., Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli,<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus). Of <strong>the</strong> allogenic helminth species found, larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> digenetic<br />
trematodes <strong>of</strong> Clinostomum complanatum, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
Diplostomum sp., Neascus brevicaudatus, Neascus sp., Posthodiplostomum minimum,<br />
Tylodelphys scheuringi, Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, and<br />
I. pileatus, Ichthyocotylurus sp. mature in piscivorous birds; larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cestodes <strong>of</strong><br />
Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. oblongatum, and Ligula intestinalis mature in piscivorous birds;<br />
larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cestodes <strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium laruei and D. latum mature in mammals; larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
nematode <strong>of</strong> Contracaecum sp. mature in birds, and <strong>the</strong> larval nematode, Spiroxys sp. matures in<br />
turtles.<br />
70
Table 8. <strong>Parasites</strong> reported in fishes <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior during 1871-2010. Host documentation,<br />
in order, consists <strong>of</strong> references; when observed (cdnp = collection data not provided); prevalence<br />
defined as <strong>the</strong> percentage (%) <strong>of</strong> fish infected (pnp = prevalence not provided); mean intensity<br />
defined as <strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong> parasites per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided);<br />
mean abundance defined as <strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong> parasites per examined fish and noted with an<br />
asterisk; intensity <strong>of</strong> infection (L = light, 1-9 parasites per host; M = medium, 10-49 parasites per<br />
host; and H = heavy, >50 parasites per host) <strong>from</strong> Dechtiar and Lawrie (1988); location (lns =<br />
location not specified); latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude and longitude not known).<br />
Mastigophora (Flagellates)<br />
Trypanosomatidae D<strong>of</strong>lein, 1911<br />
Trypanosoma acerinae Brumpt, 1906<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991, 1992; 10%; minp; Pokegama Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′<br />
Remarks: Trypanosoma acerinae is an exotic species.<br />
Trypanosoma sp. I<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host: Cottus ricei: Pronina et al. 1999; August-September 1994; 22%; minp; Chequamegon Bay, Apostle<br />
Islands, Wisconsin; 46°39′0′′/-90°50′49′′<br />
Trypanosoma sp. II<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host:<br />
Cottus cognatus: Pronina et al. 1999; August-September 1994; 20%; minp; Chequamegon Bay, Apostle<br />
Islands, Wisconsin; 46°39′0′′/-90°50′49′′<br />
Cottus ricei: Pronina et al. 1999; 11%; minp; Chequamegon Bay, Apostle Islands, Wisconsin<br />
Trypanosoma sp. III<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host: Cottus cognatus: Pronina et al. 1999; August-September 1994; 20%; minp; Chequamegon Bay,<br />
Apostle Islands, Wisconsin; 46°39′0′′/-90°50′49′′<br />
71
Table 8, continued.<br />
Ciliophora (Ciliates)<br />
Ichthyophthiriidae Kent, 1881<br />
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [External surface]<br />
Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991, 1992; 5%; minp; Pokegama Bay,<br />
Minnesota; 46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′<br />
Scyphiidae Kahl, 1933<br />
Scyphidia sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991, 1992; 10%; minp; Pokegama Bay,<br />
Minnesota; 46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′<br />
Tetrahymenidae Corliss, 1952<br />
Tetrahymena sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Skin, muscle, viscera]<br />
Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; August-September 1994; 15%; minp; Pokegama Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′<br />
Trichodinidae Raabe, 1959<br />
Trichodina urinaria Dogiel, 1940<br />
Synonym: Trichodina algonquinensis Li and Desser, 1983<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 29%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Trichodina sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 16%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
72
Table 8, continued.<br />
Myxozoa (Myxozoans)<br />
Chloromyxidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Chloromyxum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gall bladder]<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 38%; minp; Port Wing; 46°46′28′′/-91°23′11′′;<br />
Basswood Island; 46°51′0′′/-90°44′46′′; Outer Island; 47°2′6′/-90°25′51′′; Sand Island; 46°58′44′′/-<br />
90°56′54′′; Wisconsin; 54%; minp; Knife River, Minnesota; 45°54′28′′/-93°17′54′′<br />
Myxobolidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Henneguya zschokkei (Gurley, 1893) D<strong>of</strong>lein, 1901<br />
Synonym: Henneguya salmincola Ward, 1919 according to Shulman (1966)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 1%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Myxobolus burti Cone and Marcogliese 2010<br />
Synonym: Myxobolus sp. <strong>of</strong> Cone et al. 2004<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Intracellular in striated muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August 2001,<br />
October 2002; 40%; minp; Duluth Harbor, Minnesota; 46°45′52′′/- 92°5′40”<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Cone and Marcogliese 2010, same infection data and information as in Cone et al.<br />
2004<br />
Myxobolus grandis (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma grandis Kudo, 1934; Myxosoma grandis Fantham, Porter and Richardson, 1939<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 9%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills, heart<br />
Host:<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 3%; 1969-1975; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991 and 1992; 5%; minp; Pokegama Bay, Wisconsin;<br />
46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 13%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Thelohanellus notatus (Mavor, 1916) Kudo, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 36%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August 2001,<br />
October 2002; 33%; minp; Duluth Harbor, Minnesota; 46°45′52′′/- 92°5′40”<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 21%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Zschokkella sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Bile ducts <strong>of</strong> liver<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 20%; minp; Duluth Harbor, Minnesota; 46°45′52′′/- 92°5′40”<br />
74
Table 8, continued.<br />
Adult Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Allocreadiidae (Looss, 1899) Stossich, 1903<br />
Allocreadium lobatum Wallin, 1909<br />
Synonym: Allocreadium isoporum (Looss, 1894) <strong>of</strong> Canadian authors<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 14%; 52; Apostle Islands,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′<br />
Bunodera sacculata (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Yamaguti, 1958<br />
Synonym: ?Bunoderina sacculata<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; August-September 1994; 15%; 1; Allouez Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°41′26′/-92°0′9′′<br />
Crepidostomum cooperi Hopkins, 1931<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum ambloplitis Hopkins, 1931; Crepidostomum solidum Van Cleave and Mueller,<br />
1932; Crepidostomum fausti Hunninen and Hunter, 1933; Crepidostomum laureatum <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904)<br />
and Cooper (1915) (partim); Bunodera nodulosa <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904) (partim); Crepidostomum cornutum <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper (1915) (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; August-September 1994; 5%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 63%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 28%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 4%; 3; Carp<br />
River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; Harlow Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 27%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 64%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Crepidostomum isostomum Hopkins, 1931<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum laureatum <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915) (partim); Crepidostomum canadense Hopkins,<br />
1931<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 62%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Crepidostomum lintoni (Pratt and Linton, 1901) Hopkins, 1933<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum petalosum Lander<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1973; 100%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Plagiocirrus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus catostomus: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 2%; 1; Apostle Islands,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′<br />
Azygiidae Luhe, 1909<br />
Azygia angusticauda (Stafford, 1904) Manter, 1926<br />
Synonym: Mimodistomum angusticaudum Stafford, 1904; Azygia loossi Marshall and Gilbert, 1905;<br />
Ptychogonimus fontanus, Lyster, 1939<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 50%; lns; Ontario<br />
Proterometra macrostoma (Faust, 1918) Horsfall, 1933<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 37%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
76
Table 8, continued.<br />
Bucephalidae Poche, 1907<br />
Bucephalus elegans Woodhead, 1930<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Pyloric ceca]<br />
Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; August-September 1994; 5%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Phyllodistomum superbum Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: Phyllodistomum fausti Pearse 1924; Phyllodistomum pearsei, Holl 1929; Phyllodistomum<br />
lohrenzi (Loewen, 1935) Bhalerao, 1937<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Phyllodistomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 18%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lissorchiidae (Poche, 1926) Yamaguti, 1971<br />
Lissorchis attenuatus (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Krygier and Macy, 1969<br />
Synonym: Triganodistomum attenuatum Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 1%; 2; Apostle Islands,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′<br />
Sanguinicolidae Graaff, 1907<br />
Sanguinicola occidentalis Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host: Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Sanguinicola sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 9%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 28%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
78
Table 8, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Bucephalidae Poche, 1907<br />
Bucephalus elegans Woodhead, 1930<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; August-September 1994; 5%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 91%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 83%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Remarks: Referred to as black-spot or <strong>the</strong> Neascus <strong>of</strong> Crassiphiala bulboglossa.<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876<br />
Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1832;<br />
Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1833 <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915); probably Diplostomum emarginatae Olivier,<br />
1942; Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928); Diplostomum indistinctum, Diplostomum gigas<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 67%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 42%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 54%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 36%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 42%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 68%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 31%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 29%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 44%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 73%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 62%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 30%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
80
Table 8, continued.<br />
Diplostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Eye]<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 100%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Fischthal 1952; 60%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin<br />
Osmerus mordax: Fischthal 1952; 38%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 2%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Tylodelphys scheuringi (Hughes, 1929) Dubois, 1938<br />
Synonym: Diplostomulum scheuringi Hughes, 1929; Diplostomum scheuringi (Hughes, 1929) Bangham<br />
and Hunter, 1939<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye<br />
Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 64%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Uvulifer ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927) Dubois, 1938<br />
Synonym: Neascus ambloplitis Hughes, 1927; Crassiphiala ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927) Hunter and Hunter,<br />
1931; Neascus wardi Hunter, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 32%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Heterophyidae Odhner, 1914<br />
Apophallus brevis Ransom, 1920<br />
Synonym: Apophallus americanus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932; Apophallus itascaensis Warren, 1953;<br />
Distomum sp. larva <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 75%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Strigeidae Railliet, 1919<br />
Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (Rudolphi, 1809) Odening, 1969<br />
Synonym: Tetracotyle intermedia Hughes, 1928; Cotylurus erraticus (Rudolphi, 1809) Szidat, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Heart<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 22%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 39%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 44%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 36%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991 and 1992; 15%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Ichthyocotylurus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Kidney, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 15%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 6%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Urocleidus aculeatus (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ancyrocephalus aculeatus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932; Cleidodiscus aculeatus (Van Cleave<br />
and Mueller, 1932) Mizelle and Regensberger, 1945<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 93%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Urocleidus adspectus (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 83%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Urocleidus alatus (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1968<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus alatus (Mueller, 1938)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 79%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Urocleidus baldwini (Dechtiar, 1974) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus baldwini Dechtiar, 1974<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 69%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Urocleidus ferox (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Onchocleidus ferox Mueller, 1934; Onchocleidus nucronatus Mizelle, 1936; Cleidiodiscus ferox<br />
(Mueller, 1934) Price and Mura, 1969<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyridae Bykhovski, 1933<br />
Acolpenteron catostomi Fischthal and Allison, 1942<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 26%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
84
Table 8, continued.<br />
Dactylogyrus amphibothrium Wagener, 1857<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Gymnocephalus cernuus: Cone et al. 1994; July 1992; 80%; minp; Duluth Harbor; 46°45′52′′/-92°5′40′′;<br />
Minnesota and adjacent bays in Superior, Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991 and 1992; p and mi could not be determined;<br />
Allouez Bay; 46°41′26′′/-92°0′9′′; and/or Pokegama Bay, Wisconsin; 46°41′25′′/-92°10′1′′<br />
Remarks: Dactylogyrus amphibothrium is an exotic species.<br />
Dactylogyrus banghami Mizelle and Donahue, 1944<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 83%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus bifurcatus Mizelle, 1937<br />
Synonym: Neodactylogyrus bifurcatus Price, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 86%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus cornutus Mueller, 1938<br />
Synonym: Neodactylogyrus cornutus Price, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 91%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus hemiamphibothrium Ergens, 1956<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991 and 1992; 15%; minp; Allouez Bay,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°41′26′′/-92°0′9′′<br />
Remarks: Dactylogyrus hemiamphibothrium is an exotic species.<br />
Dactylogyrus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 44%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pellucidhaptor catostomi Dechtiar, 1969<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, nasal cavity<br />
Host: Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
85
Table 8, continued.<br />
Diclybothriidae Bykovskii and Gusev, 1950<br />
Diclybothrium armatum Leuckart, 1835<br />
Synonym: Diplobothrium armatum (Leuckart, 1835)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 67%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Discocotylidae Price, 1936<br />
Discocotyle sagittata (Leuckart, 1842) Diesing, 1850<br />
Synonym: Discocotyle salmonis Schaffer, 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 83%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1984 and 1986; 2%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Gyrodactylus dechtiari Hanek and Fernando, 1971<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 80%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodacylus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, gills<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 82%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 19%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pseudomurraytrematidae (Kritsky, Mizelle, and Bilquees, 1978) Beverly-Burton, 1984<br />
Anonchohaptor anomalus Mueller, 1938<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 21%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Anonchohaptor sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 3%; 1; Apostle Islands,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′<br />
Pseudomurraytrema copulatum (Mueller, 1938) Bykhovski, 1957<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Tetraonchidae Bykhovski, 1937<br />
Tetraonchus monenteron (Wagener, 1857) Diesing, 1858<br />
Synonym: Dactylogyrus monenteron (Wagener, 1857); Gyrodactylus cochlea Wedl, 1857; Monocoelium<br />
monenteron (Wagener, 1857), Wegener, 1909; Ancyrocephalus monenteron Luhe, 1909<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 92%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
87
Table 8, continued.<br />
Tetraonchus variabilis Mizelle and Webb, 1953<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar 1972b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 27%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Adult Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Caryophyllaeidae Leuckhart, 1878<br />
Glaridacris catostomi (Cooper, 1920) Mackiewicz, 1965<br />
Synonym: Caryophyllaeus terebrans <strong>of</strong> Bangham and Adams 1954 (partim); Glaridacris laruei <strong>of</strong><br />
Bangham and Venard, 1946<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 14%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 10%; 2; Apostle Islands,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; 9%; 2; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin<br />
Glaridacris laruei (Lamont, 1921) Hunter, 1927<br />
Synonym: Glaridacris intermedius Lyster, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 10%; 1; Apostle Islands,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′<br />
Isoglaridacris bulbocirrus Mackiewicz, 1965<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 18%; 3; Apostle Islands,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′<br />
Monobothrium hunteri Mackiewicz, 1963<br />
Synonym: Glaridacris catosomi <strong>of</strong> Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 2%; 16; Apostle Islands,<br />
Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′<br />
88
Table 8, continued.<br />
Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899<br />
Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: Abothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779); Eubothrium oncorhynchi Wardle, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Warren 1952; cdnp; 2%; minp; Sucker River area, Minnesota; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Cooper 1919; 1900; pnp; minp; Shoal Island, Wisconsin; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Cooper 1919; 1900; pnp; minp; Outer Island, Wisconsin; 47°2′6′′/-90°25′51′′<br />
Eubothrium rugosum (Batsch, 1786) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 72%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 6%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 5%; 2; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin;<br />
46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; 16%; 6; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 1%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Proteocephalus laruei Faust, 1920<br />
Synonym: Ichthyotaenia laruei (Faust, 1920)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 78%; M-H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 83%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 63%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Proteocephalus laruei Faust, 1920 and Proteocephalus exiguus La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ichthyotaenia laruei (Faust, 1920) for P. laruei<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 98%; 97*; Basswood Island; 46°51′0′′/-<br />
90°44′46′′; Oak Island; 46°56′13′′/-90°43′41′′; Outer Island; 47°2′6′′/-90°25′51′′; Port Wing; 46°46′28′′/-<br />
91°23′11′′; Sand Island; 46°58′44′′/-90°56′54′′; Wisconsin; 100%; 98*; Knife River, Minnesota;<br />
45°54′28′′/-93°17′54′′<br />
Remarks: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. (1997) only reported mixed infection values.<br />
Proteocephalus parallacticus MacLulich, 1943<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 41%; 23;<br />
Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Carp River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; and<br />
Harlow Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 38%; 5; Huron River; 46°54′35′′/-88°2′12′′; Baraga<br />
County; Harlow Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 40%; 2; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County,<br />
Michigan<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 38%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969; 1975; 29%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus pinguis La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 85%; M-H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
91
Table 8, continued.<br />
Proteocephalus salvelini Linton, 1898<br />
Synonym: Taenia salvelini Linton 1898<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: La Rue 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; Outer Island, Wisconsin; 47°2′6′′/-91°23′11′′<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Linton 1898; 1889; pnp; minp; Outer Island, Wisconsin; 47°2′6′′/-90°25′51′′<br />
Proteocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Triaenophoridae Loennberg, 1889<br />
Triaenophorus crassus Forel, 1868<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus robustus Olsson, 1893; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus morpha megadentatus<br />
Wardle, 1932; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus <strong>of</strong> Newton, 1932 (partim); Triaenophorus sp. type robustus <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper, 1919<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 69%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1760) Rudolphi, 1819<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. type nodulosus <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1919 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 77%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849<br />
Bothriocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 38%; minp; Douglas County, S10, Wisconsin; 46°25′59′′/-<br />
91°54′0′′<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Fischthal 1952; 43%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin<br />
92
Table 8, continued.<br />
Diphyllobothriidae Luhe, 1910<br />
Diphyllobothrium ditremum (Creplin, 1825) Luhe, 1910<br />
Synonym: Diphyllobothrium osmeri (von Linstow, 1878)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestinal wall, stomach wall<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 22%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 28%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; November-December 1975 and 1976; pnp; 13-38 for total<br />
viscera; 6-17 for stomach in 1973-1975; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′<br />
Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; pnp; 22 for total viscera; 11 for stomach in 1975-1976; Apostle<br />
Islands, Wisconsin<br />
Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; pnp; 8 for total viscera; 11 for stomach; Grand Portage,<br />
Minnesota; 47°57′49′′/-89°41′5′′<br />
Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; pnp; 18 for total viscera; 8 for stomach; Keweenaw Bay,<br />
Michigan; 48°51′57′′/-88°25′18′′<br />
Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; pnp; 11 for total viscera; 10 for stomach; Thunder Bay,<br />
Ontario; 48°28′0′′/-89°0′0′′<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 30%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 83%; 7;<br />
Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Carp River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; Harlow<br />
Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 100%; 15; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County;<br />
Huron River, Baraga County; Harlow Creek, Marquette County; 46°54′35′′/-88°2′12′′; Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 80%; 12; Laughing Whitefish River; Alger County,<br />
Michigan<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 25%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Gmelin, 1790<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body cavity<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 100%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sparganum pseudosegmentatum<br />
Synonym: ?Diphyllobothrium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach wall, among intestinal ceca<br />
Host: Lota lota: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk; Sutton 1969; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Remarks: Mongrain (1967) reared larvae <strong>of</strong> Sparganum pseudosegmentatum in hamsters and identified<br />
adults belonging to <strong>the</strong> genus Diphyllobothrium.<br />
94
Table 8, continued.<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 1%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1760) Rudolphi, 1819<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. type nodulosus <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1919 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
Host:<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Triaenophorus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Dorsal muscle tissue close to skin<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Cooper 1919; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Johnson 1946; November-December 1946;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus: Pronin et al. 1998; 1989-1991 and 1992; 5%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Truttaedacnitis clitellarius (Ward and Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974<br />
Synonym: Cucullanus clitellarius Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; M; 67%; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975)<br />
Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798<br />
Synonym: Cystidicola canadensis Skinker, 1930; Cystidicola stigmatura <strong>of</strong> Skinker 1931 not (Leidy,<br />
1886); Cystidicola stigmatura <strong>of</strong> Ko and Anderson 1969 not (Leidy, 1886)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 47%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Lankester and Smith 1980; 1973-1978; 95%; 26; north shore east <strong>from</strong> Thunder Bay;<br />
48°28′0′′/-89°0′0′′; Wawa, Ontario; 48°0′0′′/-84°46′59′′<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 69%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dextrase 1987; cdnp; 64%; 39; Thunder Bay; 48°28′0′′/-89°0′0′′; Black Bay, Ontario;<br />
48°40′0′′/-88°30′0′′<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994-1996; 26%; 3*; Basswood Island; 46°51′0′′/-91°23′11′′; Oak<br />
Island; 46°56′13′′/-90°43′41′′; Outer Island; 47°2′6′′/-90°25′51′′; Port Wing; 46°46′28′′/-91°23′11′′; Sand<br />
Island; 46°58′44′′/-90°56′54′′; Wisconsin; 100%; 54; Knife River, Minnesota; 45°54′28′′/-93°17′54′′<br />
Coregonus artedi: Lankester and Smith 1980; 61%; 52; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario; 48°40′0′′/-<br />
88°30′0′′<br />
Coregonus artedi: Smith 1978; 1973-1978; 60%; minp?; Thunder Bay; 48°28′0′′/-89°0′0′′; Black Bay,<br />
Ontario; 48°40′0′′/-88°30′0′′<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dextrase 1987; 43%; 1; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Lankester and Smith 1980; 58%; 16; north shore east <strong>from</strong> Thunder Bay to<br />
Wawa, Ontario; Black Bay<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 75%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Lankester and Smith 1980; 98%; 223; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Smith 1978; 98%; minp?; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 83%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dextrase 1987; 100%; 54; Blind Creek; llnk; Thunder Bay, Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Lankester and Smith 1980; 97%; 132; north shore east <strong>from</strong> Thunder Bay to<br />
Wawa, Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 92%; 89;<br />
Laughing Whitefish River; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Alger County; Huron River; 46°54′35′′/-88°2′12′′; Baraga<br />
County; Carp River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; Harlow Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 71%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
98
Table 8, continued.<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dextrase 1987; 100%; 116; rivers <strong>of</strong> north shore <strong>from</strong> Thunder Bay to Terrace Bay;<br />
48°46′59′′/87°6′0′′ Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Lankester and Smith 1980; 92%; 198; north shore east <strong>from</strong> Thunder Bay to Wawa,<br />
Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 100%; 208; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County;<br />
Huron River, Baraga County; Harlow Creek, Marquette County, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 44%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dextrase 1987; 63%; 37; rivers <strong>of</strong> north shore <strong>from</strong> Thunder Bay to Terrace Bay,<br />
Black Bay, Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Lankester and Smith 1980; 81%; 89; north shore east <strong>from</strong> Thunder Bay to Wawa,<br />
Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Smith 1978; 71%; minp?; north shore east to Thunder Bay to Wawa; 48°0′0′′/-<br />
84°46′59′′; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Dextrase 1987; 100%; 14; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Lankester and Smith 1980; 100%; 34; north shore east <strong>from</strong> Thunder Bay to<br />
Wawa, Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 40%; 453; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger<br />
County, Michigan<br />
Prosopium coulteri: Dextrase 1987; 20%; 1; Keweena Bay; 48°51′57′′/-88°25′18′′; and Quebec Harbor,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 59%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dextrase 1987; 25%; 7; Keweena Bay and Quebec Harbor, Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Lankester and Smith 1980; 53%; 16; north shore east <strong>from</strong> Thunder Bay to<br />
Wawa, Ontario<br />
Salmo trutta: Lankester and Smith 1980; 12%; 1; Brule River; 45°57′11′′/-88°11′46′′; Wisconsin; Brule<br />
River; 47°48′59′′/-90°3′0′′; Minnesota<br />
Savelinus fontinalis: Lankester and Smith 1980; 39%; 3; north shore east <strong>from</strong> Thunder Bay to Wawa,<br />
Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dextrase 1987; 100%; 9; Thunder Bay and Black Bay, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Lankester and Smith 1980; 72%; 12; Thunder Bay<br />
Cystidicola stigmatura (Leidy, 1886) Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Filaria stigmatura Leidy, 1886; Ancyracanthus cystidicola <strong>of</strong> Wright 1879 not (Lamarck, 1801);<br />
Cystidicola sp. <strong>of</strong> White 1940; Cystidicola farionis <strong>of</strong> Ward and Magath 1916 not (Fischer, 1798);<br />
Cystidicola cristivomeri White, 1941<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 100%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′<br />
Osmerus mordax: Nordlie 1960; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Coregonus alpenae: Klick 1946; 1946; 92%; minp; Bayfield; 46°32′59′′/-91°9′0′′; Cornucopia; 46°51′13′′/-<br />
91°6′6′′; Wisconsin<br />
Coregonus artedi: Klick 1946; 8%; minp; Bayfield and Cornucopia, Wisconsin<br />
99
Table 8, continued.<br />
Coregonus artedi: Warren 1952; cdnp; 72%; minp; north shore; Sucker River area, Minnesota; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Black 1983; 1894; 27%; minp; sou<strong>the</strong>ast Lake Michigan; llnk; nor<strong>the</strong>rn Lake<br />
Michigan; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 75%; M-H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Leidy 1886; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Wright 1879; cdnp; could not obtain original article; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Remarks: Black (1983) reported that Cystidicola stigmatura is apparently absent <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
since 1925; <strong>the</strong> above reports <strong>of</strong> Cystidicola stigmatura in Osmerus mordax and Coregonus spp. are<br />
probably erroneous since Black (1983) reported that Salvelinus spp. are <strong>the</strong> known hosts for it in North<br />
America.<br />
Cystidicola sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Johnson 1946; November-December 1946;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Cystidicoloides sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Stomach]<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 1%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Philonema oncorhynchi Kuitunen-Ekbaum, 1933<br />
Synonym: Philonema salvelini Richardson, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body cavity<br />
Host: Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 28%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Remarks: This is <strong>the</strong> second report <strong>of</strong> Philonema infecting a fish <strong>from</strong> a <strong>Great</strong> Lake; <strong>the</strong> first report is<br />
Bangham (1972) in Lake Erie.<br />
Quimperiidae Baylis, 1930<br />
Synonym: Haplonematidae Sudarikov and Ryzhikov, 1952<br />
Haplonema hamulatum Moulton, 1931<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 59%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin, 1946<br />
Rhabdochona canadensis Moravec and Arai, 1971<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 3%; 2; Laughing<br />
Whitefish River, Alger County; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Carp River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; Harlow Creek;<br />
46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 13%; 5; Harlow Creek, Marquette County, Michigan);<br />
Rhabdochona cotti Gustafson, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 50%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhabdochona decaturensis Gustafson, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 36%; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 44%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
102
Table 8, continued.<br />
Rhabdochona ovifilamenta Weller, 1938<br />
Synonym: Rhabdochona laurentiana Lyster, 1940; Rhabdochona fortunatowi <strong>of</strong> Kussat, 1969;<br />
Rhabdochona sp. <strong>of</strong> Arai and Kussat, 1967<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhabdochona sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 23%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Synonym: Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim)<br />
Contracaecum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Viscera]<br />
Host: Pungitius pungitius: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 14%; minp; Douglas County; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′;<br />
Wisconsin<br />
Remark: Separating larval Contracaecum and larval Hysterothylacium is difficult.<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934; Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis<br />
and Arthur, 1979<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) Ralliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790;<br />
Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790; Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris Schrank, 1790; Ascaris<br />
mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel., 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata<br />
(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder,<br />
1800; Ascaris dentata (Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci<br />
rutili Diesing, 1851; Trichina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola<br />
Linstow; Ascaris gracillima Linstow, 1890; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924; Hysterothylacium cayugensis<br />
Wigdor, 1918; Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis,<br />
1928; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris gracillima<br />
(Linstow, 1890) Markowski, 1933; Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937;<br />
Raphidascaris laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
103
Table 8, continued.<br />
Host<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 32%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 63%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1913<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975)<br />
Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798<br />
Synonym: See above for Cystidicola farionis<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Osmerus mordax: Dextrase 1987; cdnp; 75%, 4; rivers <strong>of</strong> north shore <strong>from</strong> Thunder Bay; 48°28′0′′/-<br />
89°0′0′′; Terrace Bay; 48°46′59′′/-87°6′0′′; Ontario<br />
Gnathostomatidae Lane, 1923<br />
Spiroxys sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Quimperidae Baylis, 1930<br />
Synonym: Haplonematidae Sudarikov and Ryzhikov, 1952<br />
Haplonema sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 25%; 1;<br />
Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Harlow Creek, Marquette County,<br />
46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Michigan<br />
Adult Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans)<br />
Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876<br />
Acanthocephalus dirus (Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave and Townsend, 1936<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus dirus Van Cleave, 1931; Acanthocephalus jacksoni Bullock, 1962,<br />
Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin 1975, 1977<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
104
Table 8, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 5%; 1; Apostle Islands,<br />
46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 67%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 29%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Echinorhynchus lateralis (Leidy, 1851) Golvan, 1969<br />
Synonym: Acanthocephalus lateralis (Leidy, 1851) Petrochenko, 1956; Metechinorhynchus lateralis<br />
(Leidy, 1851) Golvan, 1969<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 67%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 56%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 46%; 1*; Knife River, Minnesota; 45°54′28′′/-<br />
93°17′54′′<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 57%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 56%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 34%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 63%; M-H; lns; Ontario<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis (Muller, 1784) Petrochenko, 1956<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919; Echinorhynchus pachysomus,<br />
Echinorhynchus phoenix, Echinorhynchus inflatus, Echinorhynchus maraenae, Echinorhynchus murenae,<br />
Metechinorhynchus alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis (Muller, 1784) Petrochenko, 1956<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 100%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 34%; 3; Apostle Islands;<br />
46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; 52%; 16; Apostle Islands; Wisconsin<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 43%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 42%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 14%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Coregonus artedi: Warren 1952; cdnp; 30%; minp; north shore, Sucker River area, Minnesota; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 87%; M-H; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 26%; M-H; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 98%; 41;<br />
Laughing Whitefish River; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′; Alger County, Huron River; 46°54′35′′/-88°2′12′′; Baraga<br />
County, Carp River; 46°46′4′′/-89°53′8′′; Harlow Creek; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′; Marquette County, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 57%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 100%; 301; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County;<br />
Huron River, Baraga County, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 100%; 343; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger<br />
County, Michigan<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 41%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 60%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 62%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 27%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 53%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Echinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Osmerus mordax: Nordlie 1960; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk)<br />
Echinorhynchidae<br />
Unidentified acanthocephalans (spiny-headed worm)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Nicolette and Spangler 1986; 1981 and 1982; 97%; minp, Cross River;<br />
48°20′25′′/-93°29′20′′; Cascade River; 47°42′24′′/-90°31′21′′; Minnesota<br />
Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917<br />
Synonym: Hebesomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebesomatidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Neoechinorhynchus crassus Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 25%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 64%; 4; Apostle Islands;<br />
46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin<br />
106
Table 8, continued.<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 80%; minp; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′; Wisconsin<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; 84%; 10; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 1%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 17%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 30%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Neoechinorhychus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Osmerus mordax: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 8%; minp; Douglas County; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′;<br />
Wisconsin<br />
Octospinifer macilentus Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Octospinifer sp. <strong>of</strong> Mudry and Arai, 1973; Octospinifer sp. <strong>of</strong> Mudry and Anderson, 1976<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 2%; 5; Apostle Islands;<br />
46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; 3%; 2; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin<br />
Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 8%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 60%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 34%; 5; Apostle Islands;<br />
46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
108
Table 8, continued.<br />
Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 54%; minp; Douglas County; 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′; Wisconsin<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Fischthal 1952; 29%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 100%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Immature Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans)<br />
Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876<br />
Echinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 1%; 1; Laughing<br />
Whitefish River, Alger County, Michigan; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 63%; 8; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County;<br />
Harlow Creek, Marquette County, Michigan; 46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 80%; 9; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger County,<br />
Michigan<br />
Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917<br />
Synonym: Hebosomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebosomatidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983 and 1984; 1%; 1; Laughing<br />
Whitefish River, Alger County, Michigan; 46°31′29′′/-87°1′42′′<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 13%; 1; Harlow Creek, Marquette County, Michigan;<br />
46°38′8′′/-87°28′6′′<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 60%; minp; Laughing Whitefish River, Alger<br />
County, Michigan<br />
109
Table 8, continued.<br />
Neoechinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Fischthal 1952; 1946; 20%; minp; Douglas County, Wisconsin;<br />
46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′<br />
Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 41%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 74%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Hirudinea (Leeches)<br />
Glossiphoniidae Vaillant, 1890<br />
Actinobdella inequiannulata Moore, 1901<br />
Synonym: Actinobdella triannulata Moore, 1924; Actinobdella triannulata Daniels and Freeman, 1976<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gill chambers<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Piscicolidae Johnston, 1865<br />
Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851<br />
Synonym: Cystobranchus virginicus Paperna and Zwerner, 1974; Ichthyobdella funduli Verrill, 1872;<br />
Ichthyobdella rapax Wass, 1972; Ichthyobdella richardsoni Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella alba Meyer, 1940;<br />
Illinobdella elongata Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella moorei Meyer, 1940; Myzobdella alba Meyer, 1940;<br />
Myzobdella lugubris Pearse, 1948; Myzobdella moorei (Meyer, 1940) Meyer and Moore, 1954<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 53%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
110
Table 8, continued.<br />
Piscicola milneri (Verrill, 1874) Ryerson, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ichthyobdella milneri<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Piscicola punctata (Verrill, 1871) Moore, 1912<br />
Synonym: Ichthyobdella punctata (Verrill, 1871) Moore, 1912<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Not provided: Verrill 1871; cdnp; pnp; minp; Slate Islands; llnk<br />
Remarks: The report <strong>of</strong> Piscicola punctata by Verrill (1871) is included here because it has been found on<br />
fish.<br />
Copepoda (Copepods)<br />
Ergasilidae Nordmann, 1832<br />
Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabini Mueller, 1937<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 47%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 54%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Remarks: Records <strong>of</strong> Ergasilus caeruleus on fish hosts before Roberts (1970) should be treated with<br />
caution.<br />
Ergasilus centrarchidarum (Wright, 1882) Wilson, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 37%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Remarks: Dechtiar and Lawrie (1988) reported that E. centrarchidarum was found in <strong>the</strong> intestine <strong>of</strong> M.<br />
dolomieu.<br />
111
Table 8, continued.<br />
Ergasilus cotti Kellicott, 1879<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 60%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ergasilus luciopercarum Henderson, 1926<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabini Mueller, 1936; Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson<br />
in Mueller, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 58%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 87%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ergasilus nerkae Roberts, 1963<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus caeruleus <strong>of</strong> Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim); Ergasilus sp. <strong>of</strong> Bangham and<br />
Adams, 1954 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Hogue et al. 1993; November 1984-May 1986; 64%; 15; Apostle Islands;<br />
46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Hogue et al. 1993; 12%; 3; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycush: “Common”; D.R. Su<strong>the</strong>rland (unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993<br />
Pungitius pungitius: “Common”; D.R. Su<strong>the</strong>rland (unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Hudson et al. 1994; 32%; minp; fish collected before 1960; Apostle Islands,<br />
46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′; Wisconsin; fish specimens examined were archived at <strong>the</strong> National Biological<br />
Survey, <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Center and <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Zoology, University <strong>of</strong> Michigan<br />
Cottus cognatus: “Common”; D.R. Su<strong>the</strong>rland (unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993<br />
Ergasilus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 1%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Lernaeopodidae Olsson, 1869<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi Kroyer, 1863<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res ambloplitis Kellicott, 1880; Ach<strong>the</strong>res micropteri Wright, 1882<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 16%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Salmincola extensus (Kessler, 1868) Kabata, 1969<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res coregoni Baumann, 1911; Lernaeopoda coregoni Smith, 1874; Lernaeopoda extensus<br />
Kessler, 1868; Lernaeopoda maraenae Olsson, 1877; Salmincola wisconsinensis Tidd and Bangham, 1945<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: Warren 1952; cdnp; 7%; minp; north shore, Sucker River area, Minnesota; llnk<br />
Salmincola extumescens (Gadd, 1901) Wilson, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res corpulentus Kellicott, 1880; Salmincola corpulentus (Kellicott, 1880); Lernaeopoda<br />
extumescens Gadd, 1901; Lernaeopoda inermis Wilson, 1911; Salmincola inermis (Wilson, 1911) Wilson,<br />
1915; Salmincola omuli Messjatzeff, 1926<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 17%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; 1994 and 1996; 46%;
Table 8, continued.<br />
Salmincola siscowet (Smith, 1874) Wilson, 1915<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; 1969-1975; 18%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Salmincola sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Body, fins]<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; November-December 1975 and 1976; 27-50% in 1973-1975;<br />
minp; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin; 46°56′17′′/-90°39′10′′<br />
Coregonis artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; 40% in 1975-1976; minp; Apostle Islands, Wisconsin<br />
Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; 44%; minp; Grand Portage, Minnesota; 47°57′49′′/-89°41′5′′<br />
Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; 44%; minp; Keweenaw Bay, Michigan; 48°51′57′′/-88°25′18′′<br />
Coregonus artedi: Swanson and Pratt 1977; 24%; minp; Thunder Bay, Ontario; 48°28′0′′/-89°0′0′′<br />
Mollusca (Molluscs)<br />
Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820<br />
Unidentified glochidia<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, gills<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988, 1969-1975, 38%, L, lns, Ontario, llnk<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Fischthal 1952, 1946, 14%, minp, Douglas County, Wisconsin, 46°25′59′′/-91°54′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988, 13%, M, lns, Ontario<br />
114
Table 9. <strong>Fish</strong>es by family <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior <strong>from</strong> which parasites were reported during 1871-<br />
2010 using parasite data <strong>from</strong> Table 8. References in paren<strong>the</strong>ses following parasites refer to<br />
references for host records.<br />
Acipenseridae<br />
Acipenser fulvescens (lake sturgeon)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum lintoni, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Skrjabinopsolus manteri, (Dechtiar<br />
and Lawrie 1988).<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Diclybothrium armatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar<br />
and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus lateralis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Clupeidae<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus (alewife)<br />
Larval Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Cyprinidae<br />
Luxilus cornutus (common shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Thelohanellus notatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum<br />
spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Tylodelphys scheuringi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus cornutus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Octomacrum microconfibula, (Dechtiar<br />
and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Notropis hudsonius (spottail shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus algonquinensis, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus burti, (Cone et al. 2004, Cone and<br />
Marcogliese 2010); Myxobolus grandis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Thelohanellus notatus, (Cone et al.<br />
2004); Zschokkella sp., (Cone et al. 2004)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988)<br />
115
Table 9, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Centrovarium lobotes,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum<br />
spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Fischthal 1952); Neascus sp., (Fischthal<br />
1952); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Fischthal 1952); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus<br />
rutili, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Pimephales notatus (bluntnose minnow)<br />
Myxozoa: Thelohanellus notatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus bifurcatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae (longnose dace)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Posthodiplostomum<br />
minimum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Gyrodactylus dechtiari, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona canadensis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Catostomidae<br />
Catostomus catostomus (longnose sucker)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagiocirrus sp., (Hogue et al. 1993); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988);<br />
Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Pellucidhaptor catostomi, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988); Octomacrum lanceatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993);<br />
Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993); Cyathocephalus<br />
truncatus, (Hogue et al. 1993); Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
116
Table 9, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Hogue et al. 1993); Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993);<br />
Octospinifer macilentus, (Hogue et al. 1993); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannulata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Catostomus commersonii (white sucker)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Fischthal 1952); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Octomacrum lanceatum, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Anonchohaptor anomalus,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Anonchohaptor sp., (Hogue et al. 1993); Pseudomurraytrema copulatum,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Hogue et al. 1993); Glaridacris laruei, (Hogue et al. 1993);<br />
Isoglaridacris bulbocirrus, (Hogue et al. 1993); Monobothrium hunteri, (Hogue et al. 1993);<br />
Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Hogue et al. 1993)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catostomi, (Hogue et al. 1993); Philometroides nodulosa, (Hogue et al. 1993)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Hogue et al. 1993); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Hogue et<br />
al. 1993); Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Fischthal 1952; Hogue et al. 1993); Neoechinorhynchus cristatus,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Octospinifer macilentus, (Hogue et al. 1993); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Hogue et al. 1993)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Fischthal 1952)<br />
Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannulata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Hogue et al. 1993)<br />
Ictaluridae<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Lyrodiscus rupestris, (Dechtiar and Lawrie<br />
1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
117
Table 9, continued.<br />
Esocidae<br />
Esox lucius (nor<strong>the</strong>rn pike)<br />
Monogenea: Tetraonchus monenteron, (Dechtiar 1972b; Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Triaenophorus crassus, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium latum, (Warthin 1912)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Spinitectus carolini,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus tenellus,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Osmeridae<br />
Osmerus mordax (rainbow smelt)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Fischthal 1952)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Fischthal 1952)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Lankester and Smith 1980); Cystidicola<br />
stigmatura, (Fischthal 1952; Nordlie 1960)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dextrase 1987)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus sp., (Nordlie 1960); Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Fischthal<br />
1952); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Fischthal 1952)<br />
Salmonidae<br />
Coregonus alpenae (longjaw chub/cisco)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus sp., (Klick 1946)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Klick 1946)<br />
Coregonus artedi (lake herring/cisco)<br />
Myxozoa: Chloromyxum sp., (H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997); Hennuguya zschokkei, (H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997); Hennuguya sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Warren 1952)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997); Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Diplostomum sp., (H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997); Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997)<br />
Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997)<br />
118
Table 9, continued.<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Warren 1952); Eubothrium salvelini, (H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997);<br />
Cyathocephalus truncatus, (H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997); Proteocephalus exiguus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Warren<br />
1952); Proteocephalus laruei, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Protoecephalus laruei and Proteocephalus<br />
exiguus mixed infection, (H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium ditremum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997);<br />
Diphyllobothrium laruei, (Sutton 1969; Vergeer 1942); Diphyllobothrium oblongatum, (Warren 1952);<br />
Diphyllobothrium sp., (Swanson and Pratt 1977); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997);<br />
Triaenophorus crassus, (H<strong>of</strong>fman 1941; Johnson 1946; Klick 1946; Warren 1952; Dechtiar and Lawrie<br />
1988); Triaenophorus sp., (Cooper 1919; Johnson 1946; Swanson and Pratt 1977)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Dextrase 1987; H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997;<br />
Lankester and Smith 1980; Smith 1978); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Klick 1946; Warren 1952); Cystidicola<br />
sp., (Johnson 1946; Swanson and Pratt 1977); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie<br />
1988); Cystidicoloides sp., (H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus lateralis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997);<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997; Warren 1952); Neoechinorhynchus<br />
crassus, (H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997); Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Warren 1952)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola extensus, (Warren 1952); Salmincola extumescens, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; H<strong>of</strong>f<br />
et al. 1997); Salmincola inermis, (Warren 1952); Salmincola sp., (Swanson and Pratt 1977); Ergasilus sp.,<br />
(H<strong>of</strong>f et al. 1997)<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis (lake whitefish)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Phyllodistomum coregoni, (Dechtiar<br />
and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Linton 1898); Proteocephalus<br />
exiguus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Triaenophorus crassus,<br />
(H<strong>of</strong>fman 1941)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Cystidicola farionis, (Dextrase 1987;<br />
Lankester and Smith 1980); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus<br />
tumidus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Coregonus hoyi (bloater)<br />
Myxozoa: Hennuguya sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium ditremum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Lankester and Smith 1980; Smith 1978)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola extumescens, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
119
Table 9, continued.<br />
Coregonus kiyi (kiyi)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium laruei, (Vergeer 1942)<br />
Coregonus zeni<strong>the</strong>cus (shortjaw cisco)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium laruei, (Vergeer 1942)<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (pink salmon)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall and<br />
Peebles 1986); Proteocephalus parallacticus, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Triaenophorus nodulosus,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988; Dextrase 1987; Lankester and Smith 1980; Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicoloides<br />
ephemeridarum, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Spinitectus gracilis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Philonema<br />
oncorhynchi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Rhabdochona canadensis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Muzzall and Peebles 1986);<br />
unidentified Echinorhynchidae, (Nicolette and Spangler 1986)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus,<br />
(Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988; Dextrase 1987; Lankester and Smith 1980; Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicoloides<br />
ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Spinitectus gracilis, (Muzzall and<br />
Peebles 1986); Rhabdochona canadensis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Haplonema sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus lateralis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988, Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus,<br />
(Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
120
Table 9, continued.<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus<br />
erraticus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988; Dextrase 1987; Lankester and Smith 1980; Smith 1978)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus lateralis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus parallacticus, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicola farionis, (Dextrase 1987;<br />
Lankester and Smith 1980; Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Spinitectus gracilis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus,<br />
(Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Prosopium coulteri (pygmy whitefish)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dextrase 1987)<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum (round whitefish)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus<br />
erraticus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Tetraonchus variabilis, (Dechtiar 1972b;<br />
Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988; Dextrase 1987; Lankester and Smith 1980); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus lateralis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola extumescens, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Salmo trutta (brown trout)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Lankester and Smith 1980)<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
121
Table 9, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Cystidicola farionis,<br />
(Lankester and Smith 1980)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Salvelinus namaycush (lake trout)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Dibothrium infundibuliforme (Bothriocephalus? or Eubothrium?); (Linton 1898);<br />
Eubothrium crassum, (Cooper 1919); Eubothrium salvelini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Proteocephalus<br />
parallacticus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Proteocephalus salvelini, (La Rue 1914; Linton 1898)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Triaenophorus crassus,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dextrase 1987; Lankester and Smith 1980); Cystidicola stigmatura,<br />
(Wright 1879; Black 1983; Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988; Leidy 1886); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus lateralis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola siscowet, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Percopsidae<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus (trout-perch)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum isostomum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus baldwini, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Rhabdochona sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie<br />
1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ergasilus nerkae, D.R. Su<strong>the</strong>rland,<br />
(unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993<br />
Gadidae<br />
Lota lota (burbot)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
122
Table 9, continued.<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium rugosum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium latum, (Warthin 1912); Sparganum pseudosegmentatum,<br />
(Mongrain 1967; Sutton 1969; Vergeer 1942)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Haplonema hamulatum,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola lotae, (Lasee et al. 1988)<br />
Gasterosteidae<br />
Pungitius pungitius (ninespine stickleback)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Fischthal 1952); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Fischthal 1952)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Fischthal 1952)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Fischthal 1952)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum sp., (Fischthal 1952)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Fischthal 1952)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Fischthal 1952)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, D.R. Su<strong>the</strong>rland (unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993; Hudson et al. 1994<br />
Cottidae<br />
Cottus bairdii (mottled sculpin)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Gyrodactylus bairdi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cotti, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus cotti, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Cottus cognatus (slimy sculpin)<br />
Mastigophora: Trypanosoma sp. II, (Pronina et al. 1999); Trypanosoma sp. III, (Pronina et al. 1999)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, D.R. Su<strong>the</strong>rland (unpublished data); Hogue et al. 1993<br />
Cottus ricei (spoonhead sculpin)<br />
Mastigophora: Trypanosoma sp. I, (Pronina et al. 1999); Trypanosoma sp. II, (Pronina et al. 1999)<br />
123
Table 9, continued.<br />
Centrarchidae<br />
Ambloplites rupestris (rock bass)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Proterometra macrostoma,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Posthodiplostomum<br />
minimum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus<br />
sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus alatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Lyrodiscus rupestris, (Dechtiar and Lawrie<br />
1988); Tetracleidus stentor, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Pomphorhynchus<br />
bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988)<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus ferox, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Tetracleidus banghami, (Dechtiar and Lawrie<br />
1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Percidae<br />
Gymnocephalus cernuus (ruffe)<br />
Mastigophora: Trypanosoma acerinae, (Pronin et al. 1998)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Pronin et al. 1998); Scyphidia sp., (Pronin et al. 1998);<br />
Tetrahymena sp., (Pronin et al. 1998)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Pronin et al. 1998)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bunodera sacculata, (Pronin et al. 1998); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Pronin et al. 1998);<br />
Bucephalus elegans, (Pronin et al. 1998); Acanthostomum sp., (Pronin et al. 1998)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus elegans, (Pronin et al. 1998); Clinostomum complanatum, (Pronin et<br />
al. 1998); Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, (Pronin et al. 1998); Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, (Pronin et al. 1998);<br />
Neascus brevicaudatus, (Pronin et al. 1998); Diplostomum sp., (Pronin et al. 1998)<br />
124
Table 9, continued.<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus amphibothrium, (Cone et al. 1994; Pronin et al. 1998); Dactylogyrus<br />
hemiaphibothrium, (Pronin et al. 1998)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Pronin et al. 1998); Proteocephalus sp., (Pronin et al. 1998)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Pronin et al. 1998); Spinitectus gracilis, (Pronin et al. 1998)<br />
Perca flavescens (yellow perch)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina urinaria, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988).<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Phyllodistomum superbum,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Apophallus brevis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus adspectus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pearsei, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Spinitectus carolini, (Dechtiar and<br />
Lawrie 1988); Rhabdochona ovifilamenta, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Raphidascaris<br />
acus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Sander vitreus (walleye)<br />
Adult Digenea: Sanguinicola occidentalis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus aculeatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus<br />
tenellus, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988)<br />
Unknown <strong>Fish</strong> Family<br />
Unspecified fish species<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium latum, (Nickerson 1906)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Verrill 1871)<br />
125
Table 10. Numbers and percentages (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) <strong>of</strong> parasite species in each major parasite<br />
group reported in five fish families <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior during 1871-2010. Parasite group<br />
abbreviations are Ma (Mastigophora), Ci (Ciliophora), My (Myxozoa), Dt (Digenea), Mo<br />
(Monogenea), Ce (Cestoda), Ne (Nematoda), Ac (Acanthocephala), Hi (Hirudinea), Co<br />
(Copepoda), and Mol (Mollusca). If a parasite in a group did not infect fish, <strong>the</strong> parasite group<br />
was not included in <strong>the</strong> table.<br />
Parasite group<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> family Ma Ci My Dt Mo Ce Ne Ac Hi Co Mol Total<br />
Cyprinidae 0 0 5<br />
(17)<br />
10<br />
(34)<br />
Catostomidae 0 0 1 (3) 7<br />
(22)<br />
Centrarchidae 0 1 (4) 0 7<br />
(29)<br />
Percidae 1 (2) 4<br />
(10)<br />
1 (2) 14<br />
(37)<br />
Salmonidae 0 0 2 (4) 5<br />
(11)<br />
5<br />
(17)<br />
6<br />
(19)<br />
5<br />
(21)<br />
4<br />
(10)<br />
126<br />
2 (7) 3<br />
(10)<br />
7<br />
(22)<br />
2 (4) 13<br />
(29)<br />
1 (4) 4<br />
(17)<br />
3 (8) 7<br />
(18)<br />
3<br />
(10)<br />
2 (6) 6<br />
(19)<br />
9<br />
(20)<br />
3<br />
(13)<br />
0 1 (3) 0 29<br />
1 (3) 2 (6) 0 32<br />
1 (4) 2 (8) 0 24<br />
3 (8) 0 1 (2) 1 (2) 39<br />
8<br />
(18)<br />
1 (2) 5<br />
(11)<br />
0 45<br />
Table 11. Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity based on presence <strong>of</strong> parasites<br />
between five fish families <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior, 1871-2010.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> family Cyprinidae Catostomidae Salmonidae Centrarchidae<br />
Cyprinidae 1.0000 0.0740 0.0882 0.0888<br />
Catostomidae 0.0740 1.0000 0.0810 0.0377<br />
Salmonidae 0.0882 0.0810 1.0000 0.0923<br />
Centrarchidae 0.0888 0.0377 0.0923 1.0000<br />
Percidae 0.0500 0.0615 0.0759 0.0344
Parasite Species<br />
ST. MARYS RIVER<br />
Results<br />
Only six studies (Osborn 1903; Osborn 1910; Muzzall 1984; Muzzall and Peebles 1987; Litvinov<br />
et al. 2004; Amin and Muzzall 2009) were found that reported on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St.<br />
Marys River. These studies indentified 39 parasite species (3 Ciliophora, 7 adult Digenea, 5<br />
larval/immature Digenea, 1 Monogenea, 7 adult Cestoda, 2 larval/immature Cestoda, 6 adult<br />
Nematoda, 3 larval/immature Nematoda, 4 adult Acanthocephala, 1 Copepoda) in <strong>the</strong> 26 fish<br />
species <strong>from</strong> 13 families that were examined (Table 12). Myxozoans, microsporans,<br />
aspidobothreans, leeches, copepods, and molluscs have not been reported.<br />
Protozoans, Digenetic Trematodes, Monogeneans, and Cestodes<br />
Three genera <strong>of</strong> ciliates (Epistylis, Trichodina, Capriniana) infecting only Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides,<br />
seven species <strong>of</strong> adult digenetic trematodes, and eight species <strong>of</strong> larval/immature digenetic<br />
trematodes were reported. Adults <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trematode, Centrovarium lobotes infected six fish<br />
species. O<strong>the</strong>r parasites reported were one species <strong>of</strong> monogenean, Gyrodactylus sp., and seven<br />
species <strong>of</strong> adult cestodes (4 species <strong>of</strong> Proteocephalidae). Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se parasite species are hostspecific.<br />
At least five species <strong>of</strong> immature cestodes were found in <strong>the</strong> intestine with one species,<br />
Proteocephalus sp., occurring in seven fish species.<br />
Nematodes and Acanthocephalans<br />
Six species <strong>of</strong> adult nematodes in five families and five species <strong>of</strong> immature nematodes were<br />
found in <strong>the</strong> digestive tract <strong>of</strong> fish hosts. Adults <strong>of</strong> Hysterothylacium brachyurum and immature<br />
individuals <strong>of</strong> Camallanus oxycephalus infected four and five fish species, respectively. Four<br />
species <strong>of</strong> adult acanthocephalans were found, with Echinorhynchus salmonis and<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tenellus infecting eight and five fish species, respectively. Immature<br />
individuals <strong>of</strong> N. tenellus, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, and Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus occurred<br />
in <strong>the</strong> digestive tract.<br />
Specific parasite species or genera found in individuals <strong>of</strong> two or more fish families (in<br />
paren<strong>the</strong>ses) were adult digenetic trematodes (Crepidostomum cooperi (2), Centrovarium lobotes<br />
(3), Cryptogonimus chili (2)), larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Azygia sp. (2)),<br />
larval/immature cestodes (Bothriocephalus claviceps (2)), adult nematodes (Hysterothylacium<br />
brachyurum (3), Camallanus oxycephalus (2), Dichelyne cotylophora (2), Spinitectus carolini<br />
(2)), larval/immature nematodes (C. oxycephalus (2)), adult acanthocephalans (Echinorhynchus<br />
salmonis (5), Neoechinorhynchus tenellus (3), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (2), Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus (2)), and immature acanthocephalans (P. bulbocolli (3)). These 13 helminth species<br />
make up 35% <strong>of</strong> all parasites reported <strong>from</strong> fish in this river.<br />
127
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analysis<br />
Twenty-six species <strong>of</strong> fish in 13 families were examined for parasites <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Marys River<br />
with 3 species in <strong>the</strong> Cyprinidae, 4 species in <strong>the</strong> Salmonidae, and 5 species each in <strong>the</strong><br />
Centrarchidae and Percidae (Table 13). Micropterus dolomieu was <strong>the</strong> most-studied species (4<br />
studies), followed by Esox lucius, Ambloplites rupestris, Perca flavescens, and Sander vitreus (2<br />
studies each), with <strong>the</strong> remaining species studied only once. Perca flavescens and M. dolomieu<br />
harbored 14 and 10 parasite species, respectively, and all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se were autogenic species. Ten<br />
and nine <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> helminth species infecting P. flavescens and M. dolomieu were represented by<br />
adults, respectively. In contrast, nine helminth species in Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides were<br />
larval/immature individuals.<br />
Discussion<br />
There is no encompassing study documenting all <strong>the</strong> fish species in <strong>the</strong> St. Marys River.<br />
However, based on <strong>the</strong> fish species listed by Fielder et al. (2007) as occurring in this river, fishes<br />
that have not had information published on <strong>the</strong>ir parasites include Petromyzon marinus,<br />
Lepisosteus osseus, Alosa pseudoharengus, Dorosoma cepedianum, Cyprinus carpio, Coregonus<br />
hoyi, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. kisutch, Salmo salar, S. trutta, Salvelinus fontinalis, S.<br />
namaycush, S. fontinalis x S. namaycush, Catostomus catostomus, Hypentelium nigricans,<br />
Moxostoma spp., Micropterus salmoides, Pomoxis annularis, P. nigromaculatus, Lota lota,<br />
Ictalurus punctatus, Aplodinotus grunniens, Esox masquinongy, and Morone chrysops. This list is<br />
not inclusive because <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> cyprinid species present in this river is unknown.<br />
The St. Marys River is <strong>the</strong> connecting water between Lake Superior and Lake Huron, but<br />
comparing <strong>the</strong> St. Marys River fish-parasite fauna to that <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Huron is<br />
problematic because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> small number <strong>of</strong> parasitological studies performed in this river. Albeit,<br />
most parasite species found infecting fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Marys River have also been reported <strong>from</strong><br />
fish in <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Huron, except for Neochasmus sp., as well as Haplobothrium<br />
globuliforme, Proteocephalus perplexus, and Haplonema immutatum <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior.<br />
Neochasmus sp., a larval digenetic trematode, was found in <strong>the</strong> muscle, eye orbit, and gills <strong>of</strong><br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Marys River but was not reported for <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior or<br />
Huron. The absence <strong>of</strong> Neochasmus sp. <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior is not surprising since N.<br />
a<strong>the</strong>rinoides was not examined <strong>from</strong> this lake. Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides was examined in two<br />
different surveys <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron, but Neochasmus was not reported. Haplobothrium<br />
globuliforme, P. perplexus, and H. immutatum are host-specific to Amia calva. Amia calva <strong>from</strong><br />
Lake Superior was not examined for parasites, so it is unknown if <strong>the</strong>se three species are truly<br />
absent. Eleven parasite species were reported <strong>from</strong> A. calva in Lake Huron, including H.<br />
globuliforme, P. perplexus, and H. immutatum that infected A. calva <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Marys River.<br />
Also, many parasites found in fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Marys River and <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Huron were<br />
identified only to genus and this lack <strong>of</strong> species identification makes comparisons difficult.<br />
128
Table 12. <strong>Parasites</strong> reported in fishes <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Mary’s River, 1903-2010. Host documentation,<br />
in order, consists <strong>of</strong> references, when observed (cdnp = collection date not provided), prevalence<br />
defined as <strong>the</strong> percentage (%) <strong>of</strong> fish infected (pnp = prevalence not provided), mean intensity<br />
defined as <strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong> parasites per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided),<br />
location (lns = location not specified), latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude and longitude not<br />
known).<br />
Ciliophora (Ciliates)<br />
Epistylidae Kahl, 1935<br />
Epistylis sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 3%; minp; Lake Munuscong,<br />
Michigan; 46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′; June and August 1983; 2%; minp; Raber Bay, Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-<br />
84°3′48′′)<br />
Trichodinidae Raabe, 1959<br />
Trichodina sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 3%; minp; Lake Munuscong,<br />
Michigan; 46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′; June and August 1983; 1%; minp; Raber Bay, Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-<br />
84°3′48′′)<br />
Trichophryidae Fraipont, 1878<br />
Capriniana sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 4%; minp; Lake Munuscong,<br />
Michigan; 46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′)<br />
Adult Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Allocreadiidae Looss, 1899 Stossich, 1903<br />
Bunodera luciopercae (Muller, 1776) Luhe, 1909<br />
Synonym: Bunodera nodulosa Froelich, 1791<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 15%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
129
Table 12, continued.<br />
Crepidostomum cooperi Hopkins, 1931<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum ambloplitis Hopkins, 1931; Crepidostomum solidum Van Cleave and Mueller,<br />
1932: Crepidostomum fausti Hunninen and Hunter, 1933; Crepidostomum laureatum <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904)<br />
and Cooper (1915) (partim); Bunodera nodulosa <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904) (partim); Crepidostomum cornutum <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper (1915)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca and anterior intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 17%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 25%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Crepidostomum cornutum (Osborn, 1903) Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca and anterior intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 4%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Cryptogonimidae (Ward, 1917) Ciurea, 1933<br />
Centrovarium lobotes (MacCallum, 1895) Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: Distomum lobotes MacCallum, 1895<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-<br />
84°9′30′′<br />
Esox lucius: Muzzall 1984; 12%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Muzzall 1984; 13%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; 17%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 4%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; 7%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Cryptogonimus chili Osborn, 1903<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Osborn 1903; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Osborn 1910; cdnp; pnp; minp; between Neebish Island and St Joseph Island,<br />
Ontario; 46°10′0′′/-83°55′0′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 4%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Remarks: Species name, chili, is sometimes misspelled chyli.<br />
130
Table 12, continued.<br />
Homalometridae (Cable and Hunninen, 1942) Yamaguti, 1971<br />
Synonym: Anallocreadiidae Hunter and Bangham, 1832<br />
Homalometron armatum (MacCallum, 1895) Manter, 1947<br />
Synonym: Distomum isoporum var. armatum MacCallum, 1895; Anallocreadium armatum (MacCallum,<br />
1895); Bunodera armatum (MacCallum, 1895); Anallocreadium pearsei Hunter and Bangham, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 50%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Macroderoidiidae McMullen, 1957<br />
Glossidium geminum (Mueller, 1930) Yamaguti, 1954<br />
Synonym: Alloglossidium geminum (Mueller, 1930); Plagiorchis geminum Mueller, 1930<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 6%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Allocreadiidae Looss, 1899 Stossich, 1903<br />
Crepidostomum cooperi Hopkins, 1931<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum ambloplitis Hopkins, 1931; Crepidostomum solidum Van Cleave and Mueller,<br />
1932: Crepidostomum fausti Hunninen and Hunter, 1933; Crepidostomum laureatum <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904)<br />
and Cooper (1915) (partim); Bunodera nodulosa <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904) (partim); Crepidostomum cornutum <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper (1915) (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Anterior intestine<br />
Host: E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 33%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Azygiidae Luhe, 1909<br />
Azygia sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 12%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-<br />
84°9′30′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; 7%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Cryptogonimidae (Ward, 1917) Ciurea, 1933<br />
Centrovarium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 2%; 1; Lake Munuscong, Michigan;<br />
46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′<br />
131
Table 12, continued.<br />
Cryptogonimus chili Osborn, 1903<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 1%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Remarks: Species name, chili, is sometimes misspelled chyli.<br />
Neochasmus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle, eye orbit, gills<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 84%; 13; Lake Munuscong, Michigan;<br />
46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′; June and August 1983; 70%; 9; Raber Bay, Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-84°3′48′′<br />
Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876<br />
Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens, 1832; Diplostomum<br />
volvens Nordmann, 1833 <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915); probably Diplostomum emarginatae Olivier, 1942;<br />
Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928); Diplostomum indistinctum; Diplostomum gigas<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Lens<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 92%; 7; Lake Munuscong, Michigan;<br />
46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′; June and August 1983; 67%; 7; Raber Bay, Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-84°3′48′′<br />
Diplostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Brain<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 12%; 2; Lake Munuscong, Michigan;<br />
46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′; June and August 1983; 22%; 2; Raber Bay, Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-84°3′48′′<br />
Neascus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: integument<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; June and August 1983; 2%; 1; Raber Bay,<br />
Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-84°3′48′′<br />
Posthodiplostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 2%; 1; Lake Munuscong, Michigan;<br />
46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′; June and August 1983; 4%; 2; Raber Bay, Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-84°3′48′′<br />
132
Table 12, continued.<br />
Monogenea (Monogeneans)<br />
Gyrodactylidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Gyrodactylus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 19%; minp; Lake Munuscong,<br />
Michigan; 46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′; June and August 1983; 7%; minp; Raber Bay, Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-<br />
84°3′48′′<br />
Adult Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849<br />
Bothriocephalus claviceps: Goeze, 1782) Rudolphi, 1810<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, anterior intestine<br />
Host: Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 79%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Haplobothriidae Meggitt, 1924<br />
Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper, 1914<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Amia calva: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Corallobothrium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, anterior intestine<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 69%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Proteocephalus exiguus La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ichthyotaenia laruei (Faust, 1920)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, anterior intestine<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 61%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Proteocephalus perplexus La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Amia calva: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 100%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
133
Table 12, continued.<br />
Proteocephalus pinguis La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 92%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Proteocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Anterior intestine<br />
Host: E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 44%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Triaenophoridae Loennberg, 1889<br />
Triaenophorus stizostedionis Miller, 1945<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 14%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899<br />
Eubothrium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 2%; 1; Lake Munuscong, Michigan;<br />
46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′<br />
Osmerus mordax: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 6%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Coregonus artedi: Muzzall 1984; 11%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1984; 100%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849<br />
Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze, 1782) Rudolphi, 1810<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, anterior intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 33%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 6%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
134
Table 12, continued.<br />
Bothriocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Anterior intestine<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 4%; 1; Lake Munuscong, Michigan;<br />
46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′; June and August 1983; 2%; 1; Raber Bay, Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-84°3′48′′<br />
Caryophyllaeidae Leuckhart, 1878<br />
Glaridacris sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Posterior intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 9%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Proteocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine, rectum<br />
Host:<br />
Pimephales notatus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 14%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Osmerus mordax: Muzzall 1984; 4%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Cottus bairdii: Muzzall 1984; 13%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; 17%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 14%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Percina caprodes: Muzzall 1984; 25%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; 7%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Triaenophoridae Loennberg, 1889<br />
Triaenophorus stizostedionis Miller, 1945<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Anterior intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 1%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Adult Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Synonym: Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim)<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934; Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis<br />
and Arthur, 1979<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
135
Table 12, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 88%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-<br />
84°9′30′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; 17%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 4%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; 7%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Rectum<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 17%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Muzzall 1984; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 10%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Dichelyne cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Dacnitoides cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916; Cucullanellus cotylophora (Ward and<br />
Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 13%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 33%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975)<br />
Spinitectus carolini Holl, 1928<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 56%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Muzzall 1984; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; 17%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 8%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Spinitectus gracilis Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 7%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
136
Table 12, continued.<br />
Quimperidae Baylis, 1930<br />
Synonym: Haplonematidae Sudarikov and Ryzikov, 1952<br />
Haplonema immutatum Moulton, 1931<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Amia calva: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Synonym: Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim)<br />
Raphidascaris sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; June and August 1983; 2%; 1; Raber Bay,<br />
Michigan; 46°5′50′′/-84°3′48′<br />
Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 100%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Percopsis omiscomacush: Muzzall 1984; 11%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Percina caprodes: Muzzall 1984; 25%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Sander canadensis: Muzzall 1984; 100%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; 11%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Cucullanus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 4%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975)<br />
Spinitectus carolini Holl, 1928<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 6%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
137
Table 12, continued.<br />
Spinitectus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Muzzall and Peebles 1987; July 1984; 1%; 1; Lake Munuscong, Michigan;<br />
46°12′0′′/-84°10′0′′<br />
Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin, 1946<br />
Rhabdochona sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Cyprinella spiloptera: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 14%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Adult Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans)<br />
Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis (Muller, 1784) Petrochenko, 1956<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni, Echinorhynchus pachysomus, Echinorhynchus phoenix,<br />
Echinorhynchus inflatus, Echinorhynchus maraenae, Echinorhynchus murenae, Metechinorhynchus<br />
alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 32%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-<br />
84°9′30′<br />
Osmerus mordax: Muzzall 1984; 75%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Coregonus artedi: Muzzall 1984; 10%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Muzzall 1984; 100%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Muzzall 1984; 6%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; 17%; minp, Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 1%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; 11%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Echinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Oncorhynchus tschawytscha: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 100%; minp; Neebish<br />
Island, Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917<br />
Synonym: Hebesomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebesomatidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tenellus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Neorhynchus tenellus Van Cleave, 1913<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
138
Table 12, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Amin and Muzzall 2009; 60%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Esox lucius: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 60%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-<br />
84°9′30′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Amin and Muzzall 2009; 13%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Muzzall 1984; 13%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Amin and Muzzall 2009; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Amin and Muzzall 2009; 16%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 16%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Sander vitreus: Amin and Muzzall 2009; 46 %; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall 1984; 46%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 9%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Muzzall 1984; 25%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 6%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Muzzall 1984; 50%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; 4%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Immature Acanthocephala<br />
Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917<br />
Synonym: Hebesomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebesomatidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tenellus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Neorhynchus tenellus Van Cleave, 1913<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 16%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
139
Table 12, continued.<br />
Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycush: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 11%; minp; Neebish Island,<br />
Michigan; 46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Muzzall 1984; 20%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Percina caprodes: Muzzall 1984; 25%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan<br />
Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891)<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Muzzall 1984; April 1981-November 1982; 8%; minp; Neebish Island, Michigan;<br />
46°17′0′′/-84°9′30′<br />
Copepoda (Copepods)<br />
Argulidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Argulus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body surface<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Litvinov et al. 2004; 2002; 22%; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Litvinov et al. 2004; 2002; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
140
Table 13. <strong>Fish</strong>es by family <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Marys River <strong>from</strong> which parasites were reported during<br />
1903-2010 using parasite data in Table 12. References in paren<strong>the</strong>ses following parasites refer to<br />
references for host records.<br />
Acipenser fulvescens (lake sturgeon)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus sp., (Litvinov et al. 2004)<br />
Acipenseridae<br />
Amiidae<br />
Amia calva (bowfin)<br />
Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Haplobothrium globuliforme, (Muzzall 1984); Proteocephalus perplexus, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Haplonema immutatum, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Cyprinidae<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera (spotfin shiner)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides (emerald shiner)<br />
Ciliophora: Epistylis sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Capriniana sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987);<br />
Trichodina sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Centrovarium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
(Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Diplostomum sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Neascus sp., (Muzzall and<br />
Peebles 1987); Neochasmus sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Posthodiplostomum sp., (Muzzall and<br />
Peebles 1987)<br />
Monogenea: Gyrodactylus sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Bothriocephalus sp., (Muzzall and<br />
Peebles 1987)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1987); Spinitectus sp., (Muzzall and<br />
Peebles 1987)<br />
Pimephales notatus (bluntnose minnow)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
141
Table 13, continued.<br />
Catostomidae<br />
Catostomus commersonii (white sucker)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Glaridacris sp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Ictaluridae<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead)<br />
Adult Digenea: Glossidium geminum, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium sp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Dactinoides cotylophora, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Esocidae<br />
Esox lucius (nor<strong>the</strong>rn pike)<br />
Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Azygia sp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall 1984); Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Amin and<br />
Muzzall 2009; Muzzall 1984)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Osmeridae<br />
Osmerus mordax (rainbow smelt)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall 1984); Proteocephalus spp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Salmonidae<br />
Coregonus artedi (lake herring/cisco)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
142
Table 13, continued.<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)<br />
Larval Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Chinook salmon)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus sp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum (round whitefish)<br />
Larval Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Percopsidae<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus (trout-perch)<br />
Larval Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhychus bulbocolli, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Fundulidae<br />
Fundulus diaphanus (banded killifish)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Cottidae<br />
Cottus bairdii (mottled sculpin)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Centrarchidae<br />
Ambloplites rupestris (rock bass)<br />
Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall 1984); Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Amin and<br />
Muzzall 2009; Muzzall 1984); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Muzzall 1984); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Muzzall 1984)<br />
Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
143
Table 13, continued.<br />
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill)<br />
Larval/Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass)<br />
Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Muzzall 1984); Cryptogonimus chili, (Muzzall 1984; Osborn 1903,<br />
1910); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Larval Cestoda: Proteocephalus spp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Muzzall 1984); Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall<br />
1984); Spinitectus carolini, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall 1984); Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Amin and<br />
Muzzall 2009; Muzzall 1984); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus (black crappie)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Percidae<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum (Johnny darter)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Perca flavescens (yellow perch)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Muzzall 1984); Crepidostomum cornutum, (Muzzall 1984);<br />
Centrovarium lobotes, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Cryptogonimus chili, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Muzzall 1984); Proteocephalus spp., (Muzzall<br />
1984)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Muzzall 1984); Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall<br />
1984); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Muzzall 1984); Spinitectus carolini, (Muzzall 1984); Spinitectus gracilis,<br />
(Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall 1984); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Muzzall<br />
1984)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Amin and Muzzall 2009; Muzzall 1984)<br />
Percina caprodes (logperch)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus spp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Sander canadensis (sauger)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
144
Table 13, continued.<br />
Sander vitreus (walleye)<br />
Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Muzzall 1984); Cryptogonimus chili, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Muzzall 1984); Triaenophorus stizostedionis, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus spp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cucullanus sp., (Muzzall 1984)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall 1984); Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Amin and<br />
Muzzall 2009; Muzzall 1984)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus sp., (Litvinov et al. 2004)<br />
Parasite Species<br />
LAKE HURON<br />
Results<br />
Sixty studies have reported on a parasite species infecting one or more fish species <strong>from</strong> Lake<br />
Huron during 1914-2010 with most studies done after 1960 (Table 4). A total <strong>of</strong> 242 parasite<br />
species (2 Mastigophora, 5 Ciliophora, 16 Myxozoa, 3 Microspora, 41 adult Digenea, 13<br />
larval/immature Digenea, 69 Monogenea, 23 adult Cestoda, 5 larval/immature Cestoda, 24 adult<br />
Nematoda, 3 larval/immature Nematoda, 16 adult Acanthocephala, 4 Hirudinea, 17 Copepoda, 1<br />
Mollusca) have been reported <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron fish (Tables 2 and 14). Although Bucephalus sp.,<br />
Centrovarium lobotes, Eubothrium salvelini, Bothriocephalus sp., Cyathocephalus truncatus,<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. pearsei, Proteocephalus sp., Triaenophorus crassus, T.<br />
nodulosus, Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
Capillaria salvelini, Cystidicola sp., Spinitectus gracilis, Philometra sp., Haplonema hamulatum,<br />
Rhabdochona sp., Echinorhynchus salmonis, Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, Pomphorhynchus<br />
bulbocolli, and Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus were represented in both adult and larval/immature<br />
groups, <strong>the</strong>y are listed in <strong>the</strong> adult category and only counted once.<br />
Protozoans<br />
Two species <strong>of</strong> mastigophorans (Trypanoplasma borreli and T. catostomi) have been reported<br />
<strong>from</strong> one fish species (Catostomus commersonii) <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron. Five species <strong>of</strong> ciliates<br />
(Epistylis sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina urinaria, Trichodina sp., Capriniana sp.)<br />
were reported in four families <strong>of</strong> fish. These ciliates occurred on <strong>the</strong> gills, fins, and skin except<br />
for Trichodina urinaria (ureters). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infected six fish species.<br />
145
Sixteen species <strong>of</strong> myxozoans representing two families have been documented. Ten species are<br />
in <strong>the</strong> genus Myxobolus and three species are in <strong>the</strong> genus Henneguya. Most species are hostspecific<br />
to one fish species or family. Unidentified myxosporans were found in eight fish species.<br />
Three species <strong>of</strong> microsporans (Glugea anomala, Glugea cepedianae, Pleistophora sp.) have<br />
been reported with each host-specific to a fish species or family. All myxozoans and<br />
microsporans occurred in non-intestinal sites.<br />
Digenetic Trematodes<br />
At least 41 species <strong>of</strong> adult digenetic trematodes in 12 families were found. Nine species are in<br />
<strong>the</strong> Allocreadiidae and five <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se were in <strong>the</strong> genus Crepidostomum. Crepidostomum cooperi<br />
infected seven fish species. Azygia angusticauda occurred in eight fish species. Eight species in<br />
<strong>the</strong> genus Phyllodistomum (Gorgoderidae) were reported and each was host-specific. Twentythree<br />
species <strong>of</strong> adult trematodes were reported <strong>from</strong> only one fish species. All digenean species<br />
occurred in <strong>the</strong> digestive tract except for Crepidostomum farionis (also gall bladder), Acetodextra<br />
amiuri (swim bladder), Phyllodistomum spp. (ureters), Plagioporus cooperi (also gall bladder),<br />
and Sanguinicola spp. (blood).<br />
Fifteen species <strong>of</strong> larval/immature trematodes representing six families have been reported. Eight<br />
species are in <strong>the</strong> Diplostomidae. Diplostomum spathaceum and Posthodiplostomum minimum<br />
have been found in 45 fish species plus S. fontinalis x S. namaycush and 26 fish species,<br />
respectively. Larval trematodes that occurred in a variety <strong>of</strong> non-intestinal sites are Bucephalus<br />
sp., Clinostomum complanatum, Centrovarium lobotes, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum<br />
baeri eucaliae, D. flexicaudum, D. huronense, D. spathaceum, Diplostomum sp., Neascus sp.,<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, Ichthyocotylurus<br />
intermedia, Ichthyocotylurus sp., Proalaria huronensis, and Tylodelphys scheuringi.<br />
Ichthyocotylurus intermedia was associated with <strong>the</strong> heart and mesentery <strong>of</strong> 11 fish species plus<br />
S. fontinalis x S. namaycush. Immature trematodes were not found in <strong>the</strong> digestive tract.<br />
Monogeneans<br />
Sixty-nine species <strong>of</strong> monogeneans in eight families were documented in Lake Huron fish. All<br />
monogenean species are host-specific to one fish species or family. Twenty-four species are in<br />
<strong>the</strong> Ancyrocephalidae and 19 species are in <strong>the</strong> Dactylogyridae. Monogeneans primarily occurred<br />
on <strong>the</strong> gills, except for Acolpenteron spp. (ureters), Pellucidhaptor catostomi (also nasal cavity),<br />
P. nasalis (nasal cavity), and Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii (fins). Fifteen species are in <strong>the</strong><br />
Gyrodactylidae and occurred on <strong>the</strong> fins or gills. The genera Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus were<br />
each represented by 14 species. Discocotyle sagittata infected <strong>the</strong> gills <strong>of</strong> four species <strong>of</strong><br />
coregonines and S. fontinalis x S. namaycush.<br />
Cestodes<br />
Twenty-three species <strong>of</strong> adult cestodes representing seven families were found in <strong>the</strong> digestive<br />
tract <strong>of</strong> fish. Eleven <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species are in <strong>the</strong> Proteocephalidae. Proteocephalus exiguus and P.<br />
laruei each infected four fish species and P. pearsei infected six species. Cyathocephalus<br />
truncatus has been reported <strong>from</strong> 15 fish species and S. fontinalis x S. namaycush. Many species<br />
146
(Glaridacris catostomi, Eubothrium rugosum, E. salvelini, Bothriocephalus cuspidatus,<br />
Haplobothrium globuliforme, Corallobothrium fimbriatum, Corrallotaenia minutia,<br />
Megathylacoides giganteum, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. exiguus, P. fluviatilis, P. perplexus,<br />
P. pinguis, P. stizostethi, Triaenophorus nodulosus, T. stizostedionis) are host-specific to one fish<br />
species or family.<br />
Twelve species <strong>of</strong> larval/immature cestodes representing seven families were found. Four species<br />
are in <strong>the</strong> Diphyllobothriidae, and two species are in <strong>the</strong> Triaenophoridae. Eubothrium salvelini,<br />
Bothriocephalus sp., Cyathocephalus truncatus, Proteocephalus pearsei, and Triaenophorus<br />
crassus occurred as immature stages in <strong>the</strong> intestine. Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei,<br />
Ligula intestinalis, Schistocephalus solidus, Triaenophorus crassus, T. nodulosus, and<br />
Hymenolepis sp. were larval stages encysted in non-intestinal sites. Diphyllobothrium spp.<br />
infected salmonids, and Ligula intestinalis was found in eight fish species. Proteocephalus<br />
ambloplitis occurred in <strong>the</strong> liver and mesentery <strong>of</strong> six fish species. Triaenophorus crassus<br />
infected <strong>the</strong> muscle <strong>of</strong> coregonine species and Petromyzon marinus, and T. nodulosus infected <strong>the</strong><br />
liver <strong>of</strong> nine species plus S. fontinalis x S. namaycush.<br />
Nematodes<br />
Twenty-four species <strong>of</strong> adult nematodes in eight families were found in Lake Huron fish. Four<br />
species are in <strong>the</strong> Capillariidae, 3 in <strong>the</strong> Cucullanidae, 5 in <strong>the</strong> Cystidicolidae, and 4 in <strong>the</strong><br />
Rhabdochonidae. Hysterothylacium brachyurum occurred in 8 fish species plus S. fontinalis x S.<br />
namaycush, Dichelyne cotylophora in 5 species, Cystidicola farionis in 8 salmonid species plus S.<br />
fontinalis x S. namaycush and Osmerus mordax, Cystidicola stigmatura in 7 salmonid species<br />
plus S. fontinalis x S. namaycush, Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum in 7 salmonid species,<br />
Spinitectus gracilis in 12 species plus S. fontinalis x S. namaycush, and Rhabdochona cascadilla<br />
in 11 fish species. All adult nematodes were found in <strong>the</strong> digestive tract, except for<br />
Truttaedacnitis stelmoides (gills, gonads, liver, intestinal wall), C. farionis and C. stigmatura<br />
(swim bladder), Philometra cylindracea (body cavity, testes, mesentery and heart), and<br />
Philometroides nodulosa (subcutaneous tissue <strong>of</strong> head). Some nematode species (e.g., Philometra<br />
cylindracea, Philometroide nodulosa, Haplonema hamulatum, H. immutatum, and Rhabdochona<br />
cotti) are host-specific to one fish species or family.<br />
Thirteen species <strong>of</strong> larval/immature nematodes representing 10 families were reported.<br />
Spinitectus gracilis and Eustrongylides tubifex each infected four fish species. Raphidascaris<br />
acus occurred both in <strong>the</strong> liver as a larval stage and intestine as an immature stage. Immature<br />
stages <strong>of</strong> Capillaria salvelini, Capillaria sp., Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, Haplonema hamulatum,<br />
Haplonema sp., and Rhabdochona sp. were found in <strong>the</strong> digestive tract. Immature Cystidicola sp.<br />
occurred in <strong>the</strong> swim bladder. Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium brachyurum,<br />
Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris sp., Camallanus oxycephalus, Camallanus sp., Spinitectus<br />
gracilis, Eustrongylides tubifex, Eustrongylides sp., Spiroxys contortus, Spiroxys sp., and<br />
Philometra sp. infected a variety <strong>of</strong> non-intestinal sites.<br />
147
Acanthocephalans<br />
Sixteen species <strong>of</strong> adult acanthocephalans representing four families were reported, all in <strong>the</strong><br />
intestine. Ten <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species are in <strong>the</strong> Neoechinorhynchidae. Neoechinorhynchus crassus, N.<br />
cristatus, N. strigosus, and Octospinifer macilentus are host-specific to catostomids, but several<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r species were found in numerous fish species–Acanthocephalus dirus (13 plus S. fontinalis x<br />
S. namaycush), Echinorhynchus salmonis (32 plus S. fontinalis x S. namaycush),<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (11), N. rutili (17), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (19 plus S.<br />
fontinalis x S. namaycush), and Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (17).<br />
Four species <strong>of</strong> immature acanthocephalans were found. Echinorhynchus salmonis and<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli infected both <strong>the</strong> digestive tract and non-intestinal sites.<br />
Echinorhynchus sp. and Neoechinorhynchus tumidus occurred in <strong>the</strong> intestine. Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus was found encysted in non-intestinal sites.<br />
Leeches<br />
Four species <strong>of</strong> leeches in two families have been reported <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron fish. These species<br />
were attached to <strong>the</strong> gill chamber area, under <strong>the</strong> operculum, on fins, and on <strong>the</strong> external surface.<br />
Actinobdella inequiannulata is host-specific to catostomids. Myzobdella sp. and Piscicola<br />
punctata each occurred on 4 fish species.<br />
Crustaceans<br />
Seventeen species <strong>of</strong> copepods representing four families were found on Lake Huron fishes. Two<br />
species are in <strong>the</strong> Argulidae, 7 in <strong>the</strong> Ergasilidae, 2 in <strong>the</strong> Lernaeidae, and 6 in <strong>the</strong><br />
Lernaeopodidae. All species were found on <strong>the</strong> external surface, fins, and gills, except for<br />
Ergasilus megaceros (olfactory sac), Salmincola extumescens (also branchial rim, operculum),<br />
and Salmincola inermis (gill cavities). Ergasilus caeruleus was reported <strong>from</strong> 14 fish species plus<br />
S. fontinalis x S. namaycush, Neoergasilus japonicus <strong>from</strong> 10 species, and Lernaea cruciata and<br />
L. cyprinacea each were reported <strong>from</strong> 8 fish species. Argulus japonicus, Ergasilus celestis, E.<br />
megaceros, Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, Salmincola edwardsii, S. extensus, S. extumescens, S. inermis,<br />
and S. siscowet are host-specific to one fish species or family.<br />
Molluscs<br />
One species <strong>of</strong> glochidia (Anodontoides ferussacianus) was identified infecting a fish species,<br />
Petromyzon marinus, and unidentified glochidia were found on <strong>the</strong> fins and gills <strong>of</strong> 11 Lake<br />
Huron fish species.<br />
148
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analyses<br />
The parasite faunas <strong>of</strong> 76 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 115 established fish species plus two hybrids (Cyprinus carpio x<br />
Carassius auratus and S. fontinalis x S. namaycush) representing 20 fish families in Lake Huron<br />
have been documented during 1914-2010 (Table 15). Twelve studies have been performed on <strong>the</strong><br />
parasites <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens, 10 studies on Coregonus clupeaformis, 7 studies on Salvelinus<br />
namaycush, 9 studies on Catostomus commersonii, and 6 studies have been performed on <strong>the</strong><br />
parasites <strong>of</strong> both Osmerus mordax and Percopsis omiscomaycus. Fourteen fish species (Acipenser<br />
fulvescens, Couesius plumbeus, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides, Rhinichthys<br />
cataractae, Semotilus atromaculatus, Umbra limi, Fundulus diaphanus, Culaea inconstans,<br />
Pomoxis annularis, Pomoxis nigromaculatus, E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum, Myoxocephalus thompsonii,<br />
Apollonia melanostoma) have had 2 studies performed on <strong>the</strong>ir parasites. Twenty-five fish<br />
species (33%) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 76 fish species plus <strong>the</strong> two hybrids (Carassius auratus, Lepomis cyanellus,<br />
L. macrochirus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Dorosoma cepedianum, Margariscus nachtriebi,<br />
Notropis rubellus, Phoxinus neogaeus, Rhinichthys obtusus, Carpiodes cyprinus, Moxostoma<br />
macrolepidotum, Noturus flavus, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Salmo trutta, Cottus ricei, Nocomis<br />
biguttatus, Notropis heterodon, N. volucellus, Phoxinus eos, Esox masquinongy, Coregonus<br />
alpenae, Sander canadensis, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. tshawytscha, Prosopium coulteri)<br />
have had only one study performed on <strong>the</strong>ir parasites. Twenty fish species in <strong>the</strong> Cyprinidae were<br />
examined for parasites. Perca flavescens harbored <strong>the</strong> most parasite species (48), followed by<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (37), Ambloplites rupestris (37), C. commersonii (36), and Notropis<br />
hudsonius (28).<br />
Forty-two fish species <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron whose parasites have not been documented are<br />
Ichthyomyzon fossor, I. unicuspis, Lampetra appendix, Lepisosteus osseus, Hiodon tergisus,<br />
Campostoma anomalum, Cyprinella spiloptera, Hybognathus hankinsoni, Luxilus<br />
chrysocephalus, Lythrurus umbratilis, Nocomis micropogon, Notropis anogenus, N. buchanani,<br />
N. stramineus, Erimyzon sucetta, Hypentelium nigricans, Minytrema melanops, Moxostoma<br />
anisurum, M. duquesnei, M. erythrurum, M. valenciennesi, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus,<br />
Ameiurus melas, A. natalis, Noturus gyrinus, N. stigmosus, Esox americanus, Aphredoderus<br />
sayanus, Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus, Morone americana, Lepomis megalotis, Ammocrypta pellucida,<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennioides, E. caeruleum, E. flabellare, E. microperca, Gymnocephalus cernuus,<br />
Percina copelandi, P. maculata, P. shumardi, Aplodinotus grunniens, and Proterorhinus<br />
marmoratus.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses<br />
The values for parasite species–richness, regardless <strong>of</strong> life stage, and number <strong>of</strong> fish species<br />
examined in each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five compared fish families (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) were Centrarchidae (51, 8),<br />
Cyprinidae (66, 20), Catostomidae (44, 4), Percidae (64, 6), and Salmonidae (50, 14). The<br />
correlation coefficient between parasite species-richness and number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined for<br />
each family was nonsignificant (rs = 0.600).<br />
149
The parasite group(s) (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) most common in each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five compared fish families<br />
<strong>from</strong> Lake Huron were Cyprinidae (monogeneans followed by digenetic trematodes),<br />
Catostomidae (digenetic trematodes followed by acanthocephalans), Centrarchidae (digenetic<br />
trematodes and monogeneans), Percidae (digenetic trematodes), and Salmonidae (nematodes<br />
followed by cestodes and copepods) (Table 16).<br />
Parasite species or a specific genus found only in centrarchids were adult digenetic trematodes<br />
(Caecinicola parvulus, Cryptogonimus chili, Phyllodistomum lohrenzi, Proterometra<br />
macrostoma), monogeneans (Acolpenteron ureteroectes, Actinocleidus recurvatus, Clavunculus<br />
bursatus, Cleidodiscus robustus, Gyrodactylus goerani, Haplocleidus dispar, Leptocleidus<br />
megalonchus, Lyrodiscus minimus, L. rupestris, Onchocleidus chautauquaensis, O. ferox,<br />
Syncleithrium fusiformis, Tetracleidus banghami, T. capax, T. longus, Urocleidus alatus), adult<br />
cestodes (Bothriocephalus claviceps, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. fluviatilis), adult nematodes<br />
(Raphidascaris acus, Spinitectus carolini), and copepods (Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi). Parasite species<br />
found only in cyprinids were protozoans (Myxobolus bartai, M. burti, M. conspicuous, M.<br />
grandis, M. pendula, Thelohanellus notatus, Zschokkella sp.), adult digenetic trematodes<br />
(Allocreadium lobatum, Plagioporus cooperi), larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Bucephalus<br />
sp.), monogeneans (Cleidodiscus brachus, Dactylogyrus anchoratus, D. attenuatus, D. aureus, D.<br />
banghami, D. bifurcatus, D. chrosomi, D. cornutus, D. extensus, D. heterolepis, D. lineatus, D.<br />
pollex, Gyrodactyloides sp., Gyrodactylus atratuli, G. banghami, G. couesius, G. dechtiara, G.<br />
margaritae, G. medius, Octomacrum microconfibula, O. semotili, Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii),<br />
adult nematodes (Rhabdochona canadensis, R. decaturensis), and adult acanthocephalans<br />
(Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni). <strong>Parasites</strong> found only in catostomids were protozoans<br />
(Trypanoplasma borreli, T. catostomi, Myxobolus bibullatum, M. rotundum), adult digenetic<br />
trematodes (Lissorchis attenuatus, L. simeri, Phyllodistomum lysteri), monogeneans<br />
(Acolpenteron catostomi, Anonchohaptor anomalus, Dactylogyrus duquesni, Octomacrum<br />
lanceatum, Pellucidhaptor catostomi, Pseudomurraytrema copulatum), adult cestodes<br />
(Glaridacris catostomi), adult nematodes (Capillaria bakeri, Philometroides nodulosa), adult<br />
acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus crassus, N. cristatus, N. strigosus, Octospinifer<br />
macilentus), and leeches (Actinobdella inequiannulata). <strong>Parasites</strong> found only in percids were<br />
protozoans (Trichodina urinaria, Henneguya doori, Myxobolus scleroperca), adult digenetic<br />
trematodes (Bucephalus elegans, Bunodera sacculata, Centrovarium lobotes, Phyllodistomum<br />
superbum, Sanguinicola occidentalis), larval digenetic trematodes (Apophallus brevis),<br />
monogeneans (Aethycteron malleus, Gyrodactylus e<strong>the</strong>ostomae, G. freemani, G. stunkardi,<br />
Urocleidus aculeatus, U. adspectus), adult cestodes (Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, B. formosus,<br />
Proteocephalus stizostethi, Triaenophorus stizostedionis), larval/immature cestodes (Hymenolepis<br />
sp.), adult nematodes (Dichelyne sp., Philometra cylindracea), and copepods (Argulus japonicus,<br />
Ergasilus confusus). <strong>Parasites</strong> only found in salmonids were protozoans (Henneguya zschokkei),<br />
adult digenetic trematodes (Phyllodistomum coregoni, P. lachancei), monogeneans (Discocotyle<br />
sagittata, Tetraonchus variabilis), adult cestodes (Eubothrium salvelini, Proteocephalus exiguus),<br />
larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei, Diphyllobothrium sp., Triaenophorus<br />
crassus), adult nematodes (Capillaria salvelini, Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum), immature<br />
nematodes (Haplonema sp., Philometra sp.), adult acanthocephalans (Echinorhynchus lateralis,<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus), and copepods (Salmincola edwardsii, S. extensus, S. extumescens,<br />
S. inermis, S. siscowet).<br />
150
The numbers and percentages <strong>of</strong> autogenic and allogenic helminth species (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses),<br />
respectively, for each fish family are Centrarchidae (24 species, 71%, 10 species, 29%);<br />
Cyprinidae (20 species, 67%, 10 species, 33%); Catostomidae (21 species, 77%, 6 species, 22%);<br />
Percidae (31 species, 72%, 12 species, 28%); and Salmonidae (31 species, 84%, 6 species, 16%).<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Parasite Communities—<strong>Fish</strong> Families<br />
The Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity among <strong>the</strong> five comparison fish<br />
families were low ranging <strong>from</strong> 0.0869 (Centrarchidae and Catostomidae) to 0.2872 (Percidae<br />
and Centrarchidae) (Table 17). Species in <strong>the</strong> Percidae shared few parasite species with fish in <strong>the</strong><br />
Cyprinidae (0.2403). The species involved in <strong>the</strong> calculations <strong>of</strong> Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasitecommunity<br />
similarity for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five families were (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) Centrarchidae<br />
(Ambloplites rupestris, Lepomis cyanellus, L. gibbosus, L. macrochirus, Micropterus dolomieu,<br />
M. salmoides, Pomoxis annularis, P. nigromaculatus); Cyprinidae (Carassius auratus, Couesius<br />
plumbeus, Cyprinus carpio, C. carpio x Carassius auratus, Luxilus cornutus, Margariscus<br />
nachtriebi, Nocomis biguttatus, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides, N. heterodon,<br />
N. heterolepis, N. hudsonius, N. rubellus, N. volucellus, Phoxinus eos, P. neogaeus, Pimephales<br />
notatus, P. promelas, Rhinichthys cataractae, R. obtusus, Semotilus atromaculatus);<br />
Catostomidae (Carpiodes cyprinus, Catostomus catostomus, C. commersonii, Moxostoma<br />
macrolepidotum); Percidae (E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile, E. nigrum, Perca flavescens, Sander canadensis,<br />
S. vitreus), and Salmonidae (Coregonus alpenae, C. artedi, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi,<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. kisutch, O. mykiss, O. nerka, Prosopium coulteri, P. cylindraceum,<br />
Salmo trutta, Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush, S. fontinalis x S. namaycush).<br />
Parasite species found in two or more fish families (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) were protozoans—<br />
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (5); adult digenetic trematodes—Azygia angusticauda (3), Bunoderina<br />
eucaliae (2), Rhipidocotyle papillosum (2), Crepidostomum cooperi (3), C. cornutum (2), C.<br />
farionis (3), C. isostomum (2), Microphallus opacus (2), Plagioporus sinitsini (2);<br />
larval/immature digenetic trematodes—Centrovarium lobotes (3), Clinostomum complanatum<br />
(4), Crassiphiala bulboglossa (2), Diplostomum flexicaudum (2), D. spathaceum (18),<br />
Ichthyocotylurus intermedia (5), Neascus sp. (6), Posthodiplostomum minimum (8), Proalaria<br />
huronensis (6), Uvulifer ambloplitis (3); adult cestodes—Cyathocephalus truncatus (6),<br />
Proteocephalus laruei (2), P. pearsei (3); larval/immature cestodes—Eubothrium salvelini (2),<br />
Ligula intestinalis (3), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (4), P. pearsei (4), Schistocephalus solidus<br />
(2), Triaenophorus crassus (2), T. nodulosus (6); adult nematodes—Camallanus oxycephalus (2),<br />
Capillaria catenata (2), C. catostomi (4), Cystidicola farionis (2), C. stigmatura (2), Dichelyne<br />
cotylophora (2), Hysterothylacium brachyurum (5), Rhabdochona cascadilla (6), Spinitectus<br />
gracilis (8); larval/immature nematodes—Eustrongylides tubifex (2), Hysterothylacium<br />
brachyurum (3), Raphidascaris acus (6), Spinitectus gracilis (4), Spiroxys sp. (3); adult<br />
acanthocephalans—Acanthocephalus dirus (8), Echinorhynchus leidyi (4), E. salmonis (14),<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (11), Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (4), N. pungitius (4), N. rutili<br />
(10), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (11); immature acanthocephalans—Echinorhynchus salmonis<br />
(2), Neoechinorhynchus tumidus (2), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (4), Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus<br />
(3); leeches—Myzobdella lugubris (2), Piscicola punctata (4); and copepods—Argulus catostomi<br />
151
(2), Ergasilus caeruleus (7), E. luciopercarum (4), E. nerkae (3), E. versicolor (2), Lernaea<br />
cruciata (5), L. cyprinacea (5), Neoergasilus japonicus (4).<br />
Discussion<br />
Lake Huron has an approximate length and width <strong>of</strong> 332 km and 295 km with a surface area <strong>of</strong><br />
59,600 km 2 (Herdendorf 1982). Its mean depth is 59 m and maximum depth is 229 m. Water <strong>from</strong><br />
Lake Huron flows into Lake Erie via <strong>the</strong> St. Clair River, Lake St.Clair, and <strong>the</strong> Detroit River. Of<br />
<strong>the</strong> 115 fish species listed as established in Lake Huron (Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman 2000),<br />
<strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> 76 species (66%) plus two hybrids have been studied and reported.<br />
The most-encompassing survey <strong>of</strong> parasites <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron was done by Dechtiar et al. (1988)<br />
who found 218 parasite species (not including agnaths) associated with 57 fish species collected<br />
during 1961-1975. Their reported numbers in each main parasite group were Protozoa (18),<br />
Digenetic Trematoda (48), Monogenea (69), Cestoda (26), Nematoda (21) Acanthocephala (17),<br />
Crustacea (14), Hirudinea (4), and Mollusca (1). These numbers are similar to <strong>the</strong> totals reported<br />
for all studies in this synopsis, except that <strong>the</strong> numbers <strong>of</strong> protozoan, digenetic trematode, and<br />
nematode species each increased by six, seven, or nine. Dechtiar et al. (1988) found that Perca<br />
flavescens had <strong>the</strong> highest species-richness (30) followed by Micropterus dolomieu with 28.<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r studies reported an additional 18 parasite species for Perca flavescens and an additional<br />
nine parasite species reported for M. dolomieu.<br />
Dechtiar et al. (1988), in referring to Lake Huron, stated “If <strong>the</strong> species composition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
parasite fauna changes in response to eutrophication, one would expect a trend toward<br />
predominance <strong>of</strong> monogeneans, crustaceans, e.g. Argulus and Ergasilus, and digenetic trematodes<br />
which are most characteristic <strong>of</strong> eutrophic habitats. This trend is confirmed in <strong>the</strong> present study as<br />
<strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> species <strong>of</strong> mongeneans and trematodes has increased almost fourfold since <strong>the</strong><br />
early 1950s.” Dechtiar et al. (1988) were probably comparing <strong>the</strong>ir data to <strong>the</strong> data generated by<br />
Bangham (1955). Comparing this information in Dechtiar et al. (1988) to <strong>the</strong> data in this<br />
synopsis, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> monogeneans decreased by four, <strong>the</strong> numbers <strong>of</strong> digenetic trematodes<br />
increased by six, and <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> copepods increased by three. These changes are probably<br />
related to: 1) new parasite species being described; 2) more individuals and fish species<br />
examined; and 3) possibly a change in <strong>the</strong> fish community and thus <strong>of</strong> potential hosts since <strong>the</strong><br />
studies <strong>of</strong> Bangham (1955) and Dechtiar et al. (1988). It is difficult to determine if eutrophication<br />
has played a role in <strong>the</strong>se changes in <strong>the</strong> numbers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species in <strong>the</strong>se parasite groups.<br />
Pathogenic <strong>Parasites</strong><br />
Protozoans<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> ciliates found, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina urinaria, and Trichodina sp. can<br />
cause fish health problems. Allison and Kelly (1963) reported that Ichthyophthirius multifiliis<br />
caused weight loss and host mortality. Hines and Spira (1974) found that I. multifiliis produced<br />
152
hyperplasia and mucous cell depletion in <strong>the</strong> skin. Dechtiar (1972a) reported that substantial<br />
mortality <strong>of</strong> young Perca flavescens in Lake Erie was due to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis.<br />
Trichodina urinaria can cause inflammation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ureters and Trichodina sp. can produce<br />
hyperplasia <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gill lamellae. Of <strong>the</strong> myxozoans, Henneguya spp., Myxobolus spp., and<br />
Thelohanellus notatus are most important, infecting a variety <strong>of</strong> non-intestinal sites and causing<br />
damage to <strong>the</strong> gills, muscle, internal organs, and skin (Dogiel et al. 1958; Reichenbach-Klinke<br />
and Elkan 1965; Reichenbach-Klinke 1973). Two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> microsporans (Glugea anomala and G.<br />
cepedianae) cause hypertrophy <strong>of</strong> cells, and mortalities <strong>of</strong> Pungitius pungitius have been ascribed<br />
to Glugea anomala (see Sindermann 1970).<br />
Digenetic Trematodes<br />
The following adult digenetic trematodes may be pathogenic to fish: Crepidostomum (5 species<br />
reported), Acetodextra amiuri, Phyllodistomum (8 species reported), Sanguinicola occidentalis,<br />
and Sanguinicola sp. (Davis 1937; Perkins 1951, 1956; Wales 1958b; Gleason et al. 1983). The<br />
larval trematodes (Clinostomum complanatum, Centrovarium lobotes, Crassiphiala bulboglossa,<br />
Diplostomum (4 species reported, including Diplostomum spathaceum), Neascus sp.,<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, Ichthyocotylurus<br />
intermedia, Ichthyocotylurus sp., and Tylodelphys scheuringi are pathogenic to fish affecting <strong>the</strong><br />
skin, eyes, brain, internal organs, and muscle (Meyer 1958; Wales 1958b; Kozicka 1958; Sinclair<br />
1972). Bychovskaya-Pavloskaya and Petrushevski (1963) reported on <strong>the</strong> mortalities <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
caused by adult and larval digenetic trematodes.<br />
Monogeneans<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ancyrocephalid species, several Dactylogyrus spp., Discocotyle sagittata, several<br />
Gyrodactylus spp., Tetraonchus monenteron, and T. variabilis are monogeneans that, when <strong>the</strong>y<br />
occur in high numbers, can cause pathology and hyperplasia <strong>of</strong> gill lamellae (Mizelle 1938;<br />
Tripathi 1959; Prost 1963; Lester and Adams 1974). Discocotyle sagittata has caused mortalities<br />
to fish due to damage to <strong>the</strong> gills (Blood et al. 2006).<br />
Cestodes<br />
Adults <strong>of</strong> Eubothrium crassum, E. rugosum, E. salvelini, and Cyathocephalus truncatus have<br />
been known to cause pathology to fish (Vik 1954; 1958; Smith and Margolis 1970; Boyce 1979).<br />
The plerocercoids <strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei, Diphyllobothrium sp., Ligula<br />
intestinalis, Schistocephalus solidus, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Triaenophorus crassus, and T.<br />
nodulosus that infect <strong>the</strong> liver, mesentery, and gonads can cause inflammation and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
pathology resulting in major damage (Bangham 1927; Lawler 1969; Mat<strong>the</strong>y 1963; Dechtiar<br />
1972a). Plerocercoids <strong>of</strong> Proteocephalus ambloplitis can reduce <strong>the</strong> reproductive capacity <strong>of</strong><br />
female Micropterus dolomieu by fibrosis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ovaries and direct oocyte destruction (Esch and<br />
Huffines 1973; McCormick and Stokes 1982).<br />
153
Nematodes<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum and Raphidascaris acus are large nematodes infecting <strong>the</strong><br />
digestive tract, but <strong>the</strong>ir pathological effect on fish is unknown. Cystidicola farionis infected <strong>the</strong><br />
swim bladder <strong>of</strong> salmonids and Osmerus mordax, while C. stigmatura infected S. namaycush.<br />
Black (1984) reported swim bladder lesions associated with Cystidicola stigmatura in Salvelinus<br />
namaycush. Willers et al. (1991) and Knudsen et al. (2002) reported on histopathological changes<br />
<strong>of</strong> swim bladders infected with Cystidicola farionis and believed this nematode may cause<br />
mortality to <strong>the</strong> most heavily infected Salvelinus alpinus. Adults <strong>of</strong> Philometra cylindracea that<br />
occur in several non-intestinal sites may play a role in reduced growth and high mortality <strong>of</strong><br />
Perca flavescens (see Allison 1966; Crites 1982; Salz 1989).<br />
Larvae <strong>of</strong> Contracaecum sp. (mesentery), Hysterothylacium brachyurum (liver), Raphidascaris<br />
acus (liver, spleen), Raphidascaris sp. (free and encapsulated in liver, mesentery, and intestinal<br />
wall), Camallanus oxycephalus (encysted), Camallanus sp. (liver, gonads), Eustrongylides tubifex<br />
(mesentery, muscle), Eustrongylides sp. (body cavity, viscera), Spiroxys contortus (mesentery),<br />
Spiroxys sp. (mesentery), and Philometra sp. (mesentery) can cause inflammation to <strong>the</strong> viscera<br />
and o<strong>the</strong>r sites and possibly increase <strong>the</strong> fish’s susceptibility to secondary infections by viruses,<br />
bacteria, and fungi. Larvae <strong>of</strong> Eustrongylides tubifex may play a role in reduced growth and high<br />
mortality <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens (see Allison 1966; Crites 1982; Salz 1989). Crites (1982) suggested<br />
that high intensities <strong>of</strong> Eustrongylides tubifex resulted in lower mean weight in infected ageclasses<br />
<strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens. Salz (1989) demonstrated that water content was consistently higher<br />
in <strong>the</strong> viscera <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens infected with Eustrongylides tubifex than in fish not infected,<br />
indicating that E. tubifex may utilize some <strong>of</strong> its host’s lipid reserve.<br />
Acanthocephalans<br />
The adult acanthocephalans (Acanthocephalus dirus, Echinorhynchus salmonis, Pomphorhynchus<br />
bulbocolli, Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus) can reduce <strong>the</strong> absorption <strong>of</strong> nutrients in infected fish<br />
(Bullock 1963; Schmidt et al. 1974). McDonough and Gleason (1981) reported that<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli caused <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> a fibrous capsule around its proboscis when<br />
it penetrated <strong>the</strong> intestinal wall. Echinorhynchus salmonis, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, and L.<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus also occurred encysted in a variety <strong>of</strong> non-intestinal sites causing inflammation and<br />
fibrosis.<br />
Leeches<br />
Leeches on Lake Huron fishes had low prevalences and/or intensities and are <strong>of</strong> minor pathologic<br />
importance to fishes, except possibly for Actinobdella inequiannulata that has been reported to<br />
cause damage to <strong>the</strong> gills and operculum <strong>of</strong> catostomids (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988).<br />
154
Crustaceans<br />
Argulus, Ergasilus, Neoergasilus, Lernaea, Ach<strong>the</strong>res, and Salmincola are genera <strong>of</strong> parasitic<br />
copepods that in high intensities could cause pathology to various attachment sites on fishes,<br />
including hemorrhaging and cell hyperplasia (Schumacher 1952; Allum and Hugghins 1959;<br />
Kabata 1970; Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988). Lernaea spp. can damage <strong>the</strong> scales, skin, and<br />
underlying muscle tissue with its anchor attachment structure. Roberts and Janovy (2009)<br />
indicated that Lernaea spp. may cause inflammation, ulceration, and secondary bacterial and<br />
fungal infections at attachment sites, and small fish have been killed by infection with several<br />
individuals. Epizootics <strong>from</strong> Lernaea spp. occur in wild-fish populations (Putz and Bowen 1968).<br />
Molluscs<br />
Only larval stages (glochidia) <strong>of</strong> one species <strong>of</strong> mollusc (Anodontoides ferussacianus) have been<br />
identified infecting Lake Huron fishes. Several fish species, however, have been infected with<br />
unidentified glochidia, and when present at high intensities, <strong>the</strong>se parasites can cause damage to<br />
<strong>the</strong> skin, fins, and gills--posssibly impairing respiratory function (Karna and Milleman 1978).<br />
Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients<br />
Sixty parasite species reported <strong>from</strong> fish in two or more families make up 25% <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> parasite<br />
species reported <strong>from</strong> fish in Lake Huron. All <strong>the</strong>se parasite species have indirect life cycles with<br />
fish becoming infected by eating infected intermediate hosts or paratenic hosts, except for <strong>the</strong><br />
protozoa, leeches, and copepods that have direct life cycles. The digenetic trematodes made up<br />
33% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species followed by <strong>the</strong> nematodes (20%). There are 181 parasite species that are<br />
host-specific to one fish species or family.<br />
Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> similarity for <strong>the</strong> parasite communities between individuals in five fishfamily<br />
comparisons were low, indicating fish in <strong>the</strong>se families did not share many parasite<br />
species. The highest coefficient (0.2872) involved <strong>the</strong> Percidae and Centrarchidae, which are in<br />
<strong>the</strong> same order (Perciformes); fish in <strong>the</strong>se families shared 27 parasite species. The next highest<br />
coefficient (0.2539) involved <strong>the</strong> Percidae and Catostomidae (Cypriniformes) that shared 25<br />
species. These low coefficients involving fish species among <strong>the</strong>se different fish families<br />
indicate: 1) many parasite species have phylogenetic host specificity; 2) fish species in different<br />
families do not occupy <strong>the</strong> same habitats, or <strong>the</strong> habitats do not overlap much; and 3) <strong>the</strong> diets <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> fish species do not typically overlap ei<strong>the</strong>r by food items or spatially in foraging areas. There<br />
were no monogenean species shared between fish in <strong>the</strong>se family pairings, and <strong>the</strong> only protozoan<br />
species shared was Ichthyopthirius multifiliis. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong> low Jaccard coefficients for<br />
parasite-community similarity among <strong>the</strong> centrarchids, catostomids, cyprinids, percids, and<br />
salmonids indicate that each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se fish families has its own characteristic parasite fauna.<br />
155
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Communities<br />
Most parasites reported <strong>from</strong> catostomids, centrarchids, and percids were digenetic trematodes;<br />
most <strong>from</strong> cyprinids were monogeneans and digenetic trematodes. Most parasites infecting<br />
salmonids were nematodes followed by cestodes and copepods. Most fish species examined <strong>from</strong><br />
this lake were cyprinids (20 species) followed by salmonids (14 species). Cyprinids and<br />
salmonids harbored 67 and 49 parasite species, respectively. The centrarchids and percids<br />
harbored 60 and 63 parasite species, respectively. The salmonids had <strong>the</strong> highest percentage<br />
(84%) <strong>of</strong> autogenic helminth species and <strong>the</strong> cyprinids had <strong>the</strong> highest percentage (33%) <strong>of</strong><br />
allogenic species. The percentages <strong>of</strong> autogenic helminth species in fish in <strong>the</strong>se families varied<br />
<strong>from</strong> 67% to 84%. Based on <strong>the</strong> available literature <strong>from</strong> a fish family and parasite perspective,<br />
Lake Huron is characterized by having a mixture <strong>of</strong> cyprinid, salmonid, centrarchid, and percid<br />
species and <strong>the</strong>ir autogenic parasites.<br />
The reported autogenic helminth species that mature in fish include larval/immature trematodes<br />
(Bucephalus sp., Centrovarium lobotes), larval/immature cestodes (Eubothrium salvelini,<br />
Eubothrium sp., Bothriocephalus sp., Cyathocephalus truncatus, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P.<br />
pearsei, Proteocephalus spp., Triaenophorus crassus T. nodulosus), larval/immature nematodes<br />
(Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris acus, Raphidascaris sp.,<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus, Camallanus sp., Capillaria salvelini, Capillaria sp., Truttaedacnitis<br />
clitellarius, Cystidicola sp., Spinitectus gracilis, Philometra sp., Haplonema hamulatum,<br />
Haplonema sp.), immature acanthocephalans (Echinorhynchus salmonis, Echinorhynchus sp.,<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus). Of <strong>the</strong><br />
allogenic helminth species found in fish, larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematodes (Clinostomum<br />
complanatum, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum baeri eucaliae, D. flexicaudum, D.<br />
huronense, D. spathaceum, Diplostomum sp., Neascus sp., Posthodiplostomum minimum,<br />
Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
Proalaria huronensis, Tylodelphys scheuringi) mature in piscivorous birds; larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cestodes<br />
<strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium ditremum, Ligula intestinalis, Schistocephalus solidus and Hymenolepis sp.<br />
mature in piscivorous birds; larvae <strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium laruei mature in mammals;<br />
immature/larval nematodes <strong>of</strong> Contracaecum sp., Eustrongylides tubifex, and Eustrongylides sp.<br />
mature in birds; and Spiroxys contortus and Spiroxys sp. mature in turtles.<br />
156
Table 14. <strong>Parasites</strong> reported for fishes <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron, 1914-2010. Host documentation, in<br />
order, consists <strong>of</strong> references; when observed (cdnp = collection date not provided); prevalence<br />
defined as <strong>the</strong> percentage (%) <strong>of</strong> fish infected (pnp = prevalence not provided); mean intensity<br />
defined as <strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong> parasites per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided);<br />
for <strong>the</strong> Dechtiar et al. (1988) article, intensity <strong>of</strong> infection (L = light, 1-9 parasites per host; M =<br />
medium, 10-49 parasites per host; and H = heavy, >50 parasites per host); location (lns = location<br />
not specified or incomplete), latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude/longitude not known).<br />
Mastigophora (Flagellates)<br />
Trypanosomatidae D<strong>of</strong>lein, 1911<br />
Trypanoplasma borreli Laveran and Mesnil, 1902<br />
Synonym: Trypanoplasma cyprini Plehn, 1913; Trypanoplasma keysselitzi Minchin, 1909; Trypanoplasma<br />
tincae Schaperclaus, 1954; Cryptobia kharbulaewi Chernova, 1984; Trypanoplasma carassii (Kashkovski,<br />
1974)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Mavor 1916; 1913; pnp; minp; Go Home Bay; llnk; Georgian Bay,<br />
Ontario; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″<br />
Trypanoplasma catostomi Bower and Woo, 1977<br />
Synonym: ?Trypanoplasma borreli <strong>of</strong> Mavor 1915, 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Bower and Woo 1977; 1975; pnp; minp; Sarnia, Ontario; 42º58′0″/-<br />
82º24′0″<br />
Remarks: Bower and Woo (1977) suggested that <strong>the</strong> tentative record <strong>of</strong> Trypanoplasma borreli <strong>from</strong><br />
Catostomus commersonii by Mavor (1915) is a misidentification.<br />
Ciliophora (Ciliates)<br />
Epistylidae Kahl, 1935<br />
Epistylis sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 4%; minp; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 79%; minp; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan;<br />
44º48′50″/-82º27′58″)<br />
Ichthyophthiriidae Kent, 1881<br />
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, gills, skin<br />
157
Table 14, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 29%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Trichodinidae Raabe, 1959<br />
Trichodina urinaria Dogiel, 1940<br />
Synonym: Trichodina algonquinensis Li and Desser, 1983<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Trichodina sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 10%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 80%; minp; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″; 85%; minp;<br />
Yankee Reef, Michigan; 44º28′59″/-83º33′29″<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 55%; minp; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan;<br />
44º48′50″/-82º27′58″<br />
Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 17%; minp; Alpena, Michigan; 45º3′42″/-<br />
82º25′57″; 27%; minp; Harbor Beach, Michigan; 43º50′30″/-82º38′29″<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall and Haas 1998; September 1993; September 1994; 9%; minp; Inner Saginaw Bay;<br />
43º45′0″/-83º39′59″; 19%; minp; Outer Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-83º39′59″<br />
Trichophryidae Fraipont, 1878<br />
Capriniana sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
158
Table 14, continued.<br />
Myxozoa (Myxosporans)<br />
Myxidiidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Myxidium lieberkuhni Butschli, 1882<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Mavor 1916; 1913; 100%; minp; Go Home Bay; llnk; Georgian Bay, Ontario; 45º30′0″/-<br />
81º0′0″<br />
Myxobolidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Henneguya doori Guilford, 1963<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Henneguya exilis Kudo, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 37%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Henneguya zschokkei (Gurley, 1893) D<strong>of</strong>lein, 1901<br />
Synonym: Henneguya salmincola Ward, 1919 according to Shulman, 1966<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolus bartai Salim and Desser, 2000<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intracellular in striated muscle<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 60%; minp; Goderich, Ontario; 43°10' 59′′/-81°42′0′′ 81°44'<br />
Myxobolus bibullatum (Kudo, 1934) Landsberg and Lom, 1991<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma bibullatum Kudo, 1934<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
159
Table 14, continued.<br />
Myxobolus burti Cone and Marcogliese 2010<br />
Synonym: Myxobolus sp. <strong>of</strong> Cone et al. 2004<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Intracellular in striated muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August 2001,<br />
October 2002; 6%; minp; Goderich, Ontario; 43°43′5′′/-81°42′0′′<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Cone and Marcogliese 2010, same infection data and information as in Cone et al.<br />
2004<br />
Myxobolus cognati Cone et al. 1996<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Operculum, periorbital tissue<br />
Host: Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 4%; minp; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan;<br />
44º48′50″/-82º27′58″<br />
Myxobolus conspicuous Kudo, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Skin<br />
Host: Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolus grandis (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma grandis Kudo, 1934; Myxosoma grandis Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1939<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolus pendula Guilford, 1967<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma pendula (Guilford, 1967)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 22%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolus procercum (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma procercum (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Skin, muscle<br />
Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolus rotundum (Meglitsch, 1937) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma rotundum (Meglitsch, 1937) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
160
Table 14, continued.<br />
Myxobolus scleroperca (Guilford, 1963) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma scleroperca (Guilford, 1963) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Percina caprodes: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; M; lns; Ontario, llnk<br />
Myxobolus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 33%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Thelohanellus notatus (Mavor, 1916) Kudo, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle, skin, tissue<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Beis and Cone 1990; Fall 1967; 98%; 2-30 cysts; Lake Mindemoya, Manitoulin<br />
Island; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August 2001,<br />
October 2002; 13%; minp; Goderich, Ontario; 43°43′5′′/-81°42′0′′<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 32%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales notatus: Mavor 1916; 1913; 6%; minp; Go Home Bay; llnk; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″<br />
Zschokkella sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Bile ducts <strong>of</strong> liver<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 6%; minp; Goderich, Ontario; 43°43′5′′/-81°42′0′′<br />
Unidentified Myxospora<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder, various tissues<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham 1955; 1951; 20%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1955; 6%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 6%; Lake Manitou River; llnk<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
161
Table 14, continued.<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 5%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario;<br />
White Lake on Manitoulin Island; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Allocreadiidae (Looss, 1899) Stossich, 1903<br />
Allocreadium lobatum Wallin, 1909<br />
Synonym: Allocreadium isoporum (Looss, 1894) <strong>of</strong> Canadian authors<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; Pleasant Creek, Ontario; llnk<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Nocomis biguttatus: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 9%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 39%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 38%; minp; Lake Manitou River; llnk; White Lake <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin<br />
Island; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 44%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Bunodera sacculata (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Yamaguti, 1958<br />
Synonym: ?Bunoderina sacculata<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 1951; 22%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Manitoulin Island<br />
lakes, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Bunoderina eucaliae Miller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Bunodera eucaliae (Miller, 1936)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Umbra limi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; stream <strong>of</strong> South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 74%; minp; White Lake on Manitoulin Island; llnk; small stream <strong>of</strong><br />
South Bay, Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Crepidostomum cooperi Hopkins, 1931<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum ambloplitis Hopkins, 1931; Crepidostomum solidum Van Cleave and Mueller,<br />
1932; Crepidostomum fausti Hunninen and Hunter, 1933; Crepidostomum laureatum <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904)<br />
and Cooper (1915) (partim); Bunodera nodulosa <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904) (partim); Crepidostomum cornutum <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper (1915) (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
163
Table 14, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; Pleasant Creek, Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 4%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 3%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations in Ontario; llnk<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 12%; 2; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 44º48′50″/-<br />
82º27′58″<br />
Perca flavescens: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Crepidostomum isostomum Hopkins, 1931<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum laureatum <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915) (partim); Crepidostomum canadense Hopkins,<br />
1931<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 68%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Crepidostomum lintoni (Pratt and Linton, 1901) Hopkins, 1933<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum petalosum Lander<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Creptotrema funduli Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: ?Allocreadium commune <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1915 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Umbra limi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; stream <strong>of</strong> South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 36%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Azygiidae Luhe, 1909<br />
Azygia angusticauda (Stafford, 1904) Manter, 1926<br />
Synonym: Mimodistomum angusticaudum Stafford, 1904; Azygia loossi Marshall and Gilbert, 1905;<br />
Ptychogonimus fontanus Lyster, 1939<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 7%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; 6%; minp; Bass Lake<br />
on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 4%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
165
Table 14, continued.<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; several bays, lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 40%; minp; several bays, lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Bangham 1955; 40%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; South<br />
Bay, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; South Bay, Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Azygia longa (Leidy, 1851) Manter, 1926<br />
Synonym: Megadistomum longum (Leidy, 1851); Azygia acuminata Goldberger, 1911; Azygia lucii <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper, 1915; Azygia tereticolle <strong>of</strong> Stafford, 1904<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Stomach]<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; Sheguandah Bay; llnk;<br />
Bass Lake; llnk; Long Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 49º31′59″/-86º49′59″<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Proterometra macrostoma (Faust, 1918) Horsfall, 1933<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 1951;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Prosorhynchoides pusilla (Stafford, 1904) Eckman, 1932<br />
Synonym: Bucephalopsis pusilla (Stafford, 1904); Bucephalus pusillus (Stafford 1904); Gasterostomum<br />
pusillum (Stafford 1904)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 10%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Mindemoya Lake; llnk;<br />
Windfall Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Woodhead 1930; 1926; pnp; minp; Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-83º33′29″<br />
Rhipidocotyle papillosa (Woodhead, 1929) Eckmann, 1932<br />
Synonym: Gasterostomum pusillum <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1915; Bucephalus papillosus Woodhead, 1929<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Digestive tract]<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1951;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Allacanthochasmus varius Van Cleave, 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Digestive tract]<br />
Host:<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Caecincola parvulus Marshall and Gilbert, 1905<br />
Synyonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas<br />
Bay, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Centrovarium lobotes (MacCallum, 1895) Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: Distomum lobotes MacCallum, 1895<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Digestive tract]<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Cryptogonimus chili Osborn, 1903<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 1951; 64%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; lakes on<br />
Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 43%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 43%; minp; several bays, lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 18%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Remarks: Species name, chili is sometimes misspelled chyli.<br />
Gorgoderidae Looss, 1901<br />
Phyllodistomum brevicecum Steen, 1938<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 93%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
168
Table 14, continued.<br />
Phyllodistomum coregoni Dechtiar, 1966<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 39%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Phyllodistomum lachancei Choquette, 1947<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host:<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 32%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Phyllodistomum lohrenzi (Loewen, 1935)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Phyllodistomum lysteri Miller, 1940<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Phyllodistomum staffordi Pearse 1924a<br />
Synonym: Phyllodistomum folium (Olfers, 1816) (partim) <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1902); Phyllodistomum superbum<br />
Stafford, 1904 (partim); ?Phyllodistomum carolini Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum lacustri <strong>of</strong> Dechtiar (1972a)<br />
and Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988); Phyllodistomum hunteri Arnold, 1934<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 56%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988, 1961-1971, 19%, L, lns, Ontario, llnk<br />
Phyllodistomum superbum Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: Phyllodistomum fausti Pearse 1924; Phyllodistomum pearsei Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum<br />
lohrenzi (Loewen, 1935) Bhalerao, 1937<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
169
Table 14, continued.<br />
Phyllodistomum undulans Steen, 1938<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Phyllodistomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 49%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 45%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepocreadiidae (Odhner, 1905) Nicoll, 1935<br />
Megalonia ictaluri Surber, 1928<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum ictaluri Surber, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 67%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 50%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 44%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lissorchiidae (Poche, 1926) Yamaguti, 1971<br />
Lissorchis attenuatus (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Krygier and Macy, 1969<br />
Synonym: Triganodistomum attenuatum Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; lakes on<br />
Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lissorchis simeri Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Synonym: Triganodistomum simeri Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 15%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Lissorchis sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
170
Table 14, continued.<br />
Macroderoidiidae McMullen, 1957<br />
Alloglossidium corti (Lamont, 1921) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Plagiorchis corti Lamont; Plagiorchis ameiurensis McCoy, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 67%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Glossidium geminum (Mueller, 1930) Yamaguti, 1954<br />
Synonym: Alloglossidium geminus, Plagiorchis geminum Mueller<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 69%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Macroderoides typicus (Winfield, 1929) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Amia calva: Bangham 1955; 1951; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Microphallidae (Ward, 1901) Travassos, 1920<br />
Microphallus opacus (Ward, 1894) Ward, 1901<br />
Synonym: Distomum opacum Ward, 1894; Microphallus opacus ovatus Strandine, 1943<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; South Bay; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 8%; minp; several bays; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925<br />
Plagioporus cooperi (Hunter and Bangham, 1932) Price, 1934<br />
Synonym: Allocreadium commune <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1915 (partim); Lebouria cooperi Hunter and Bangham, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine, gall bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
171
Table 14, continued.<br />
Plagioporus sinitsini Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: ?Allocreadium commune <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1915 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Nocomis biguttatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Clinostomidae Luhe, 1901<br />
Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Braun, 1899<br />
Synonym: Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Braun, 1899; ?Clinostomum gracile <strong>of</strong> Stafford<br />
(1904); ?Distomum gracile <strong>of</strong> Wright (1879)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery, muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 6%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 31%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 9%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; lakes on Manitoulin<br />
Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 37%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; Bass Lake; llnk; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; bays <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin Island; llnk; lakes on Manitoulin<br />
Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 17%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Remarks: Dzikowski et al. (2004) reported Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum were<br />
distinct species based on differences in ribosomal DNA.<br />
Cryptogonimidae (Ward, 1917) Ciurea, 1933<br />
Centrovarium lobotes (MacCallum, 1895) Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 21%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 9%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1955; 35%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 27%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
173
Table 14, continued.<br />
Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886<br />
Crassiphiala bulboglossa Van Haitsma, 1925<br />
Synonym: Neascus bulboglossa (Van Haitsma, 1925)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 44%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Diplostomum baeri eucaliae H<strong>of</strong>fman and Hundley, 1957<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Brain<br />
Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928)<br />
Synonym: Considered a synonym <strong>of</strong> Diplostomum spathaceum by some authors<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Eye]<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 1951. 90%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 82%; minp; South Bay; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 10%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
Diplostomum huronense (La Rue, 1927) Hughes and Hall, 1929<br />
Synonym: Considered a synonym <strong>of</strong> Diplostomum spathaceum by some authors<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye<br />
Host: Petromyzon marinus: Wilson and Ronald 1967; 1961 and 1962; upstream migrants; 24%; 2; four<br />
streams in <strong>the</strong> Manitoulin Island, Bruce Peninsula area; llnk; lake stages; 2%; 2; five <strong>of</strong>fshore areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Manitoulin Island, Bruce Peninsula area, Michigan; llnk<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876<br />
Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819): Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1832;<br />
Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1833 <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915); probably Diplostomum emarginatae Olivier,<br />
1942; Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928); Diplostomum indistinctum; Diplostomum gigas.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye<br />
174
Table 14, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 31%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 65%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 39%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 38%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis rubellus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 60%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 26%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 56%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 40%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 27%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 37%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 15%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; April 1984, April 1985, April 1986; 88%; 11; Carp River<br />
area, Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º1′29″/-84º41′33″; 93%; 11; De Tour Village, Chippewa County,<br />
Michigan; 45º57′46″/-83º54′17″; 98%; 14; Hessel, Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º0′15″/-84º25′33″;<br />
84%; 7; Point Lookout, northwest Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 44º2′59″/-83º34′46″<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 20%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 2%; minp; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″; North<br />
Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; sou<strong>the</strong>rn shore <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 18%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 21%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
175
Table 14, continued.<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 28%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 54%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 48%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplitis rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 43%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 29%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 75%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 60%; 8; 5; Saginaw River,<br />
Michigan; 43º38′49″/-83º51′1″<br />
Diplostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Lens, brain<br />
Host:<br />
Petromyzon marinus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 8%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Amia calva: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 3%; 1; Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-<br />
83º33′29″<br />
Couesis plumbeus: Bangham 1955; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1955; 67%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Nocomis biguttatus: Bangham 1955; 75%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Notropis heterodon: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Notropis heterolepis: Bangham 1955; 32%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 60%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1955; 64%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island; llnk; South Bay,<br />
Ontario<br />
176
Table 14, continued.<br />
Phoxinus eos: Bangham 1955; 24%; minp; Rogers Creek; llnk; McKimm Creek; llnk; near South Bay,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1955; 59%; minp; Mindemoya Lake and Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island,<br />
Ontario<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 68%; minp; Lake Manitou River; llnk; White Lake <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin<br />
Island; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 86%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 39%; minp; South Bay; Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; Sheguandah Bay;<br />
llnk; Bass Lake; llnk; Long Lake, Ontario; 49º31′59″/-86º49′59″<br />
Esox masquinongy: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island<br />
Umbra limi: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; stream <strong>of</strong> South Bay, Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1955; 94%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus alpenae: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; North Channel, Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 61%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 71%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 51%; minp; North Channel; west <strong>of</strong> South Baymouth, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; Manitou River, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 95%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Bangham 1955; 15%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Bangham 1955; 39%; minp; South Bay, South Baymouth, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall and Bowen 2000; May 1995; 1%; 1; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-<br />
82º27′58″; Adams Point, Michigan; 45º24′52″/-83º42′59″<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 79%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 81%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 60%; 59; Six Fathom Bank; 100%; 93; Yankee Reef, Michigan;<br />
44º28′59″/-83º33′29″<br />
Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 30%; minp; South Bay, White Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdii: Bangham 1955; 38%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 89%; 96; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan<br />
Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 86%; minp; South Bay, lakes <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; Lily Lake and Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 27%; minp; several bays <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin Island; llnk; lakes on<br />
Manitoulin Island, Sandfield Hatchery, Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 40%; minp; South Bay and Thomas Bay, Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 50%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 68%; South Bay, North Channel, Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario<br />
177
Table 14, continued.<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 68%; minp; Mindemoya Lake; Whitefish Lake; 46º19′59″/-81º13′0″;<br />
Windfall Lake on Manitoulin Island; llnk; Sandfield Hatchery, Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall and Haas 1998; September 1993; September 1994; 2%; 4; Inner Saginaw Bay;<br />
43º45′0″/-83º33′29″<br />
Diplostomum sp. or Tylodelphys sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye<br />
Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: La Rue et al. 1926; ?cdnp; 100%; minp; Cheboygan, Michigan; 45º39′52″/-<br />
84º26′8″<br />
Remarks: Genus <strong>of</strong> trematode not specified.<br />
Neascus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body surface<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; Pleasant Creek, Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis heterolepis: Bangham 1955; 4%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-<br />
82º25′0″<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 15%; minp; Manitou River; llnk; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1955; 12%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Pimephales promelas: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 15%; minp; Lake Manitou River; llnk; White Lake on<br />
Manitoulin Island, llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 14%; minp; South Bay; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Umbra limi: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; stream <strong>of</strong> South Bay, Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 11%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 15%; minp; White Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 89%; minp; Bass Lake; llnk; Lily Lake, Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum (MacCallum, 1921) Dubois, 1936<br />
Synonym: Neascus vancleavi (Agersborg, 1926); Diplostomum cuticola (Nordmann, 1832) Diesing, 1850<br />
<strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904) and Cooper (1915); Posthodiplostomum cuticola (Nordmann, 1832) Dubois, 1936 <strong>of</strong><br />
Margolis and Arthur (1979)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Couesis plumbeus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 50%; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Pleasant Creek, Ontario; llnk<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Nocomis biguttatus: Bangham 1955; 75%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 81%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis heterodon: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Notropis heterolepis: Bangham 1955; 52%; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; South<br />
Bay, Ontario<br />
Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 80%; minp; Manitou River, Providence Bay; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis rubellus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1955; 91%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island; llnk; South Bay,<br />
Ontario<br />
Phoxinus eos: Bangham 1955; 18%; minp; Rogers Creek; llnk; McKimm Creek; llnk; near South Bay,<br />
Rogers Creek, Ontario; llnk<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 31%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1955; 82%; minp; Mindemoya Lake and Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island,<br />
South Bay, Ontario<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 32%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Pleasant Creek; llnk; near South Bay, Ontario<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 15%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 76%; minp; Lake Manitou River; llnk; White Lake on<br />
Manitoulin Island; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 8%; minp; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 11%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 54%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; White Lake; llnk; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
179
Table 14, continued.<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 86%; minp; South Bay; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 22%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 95%; minp; Bass Lake; llnk; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island; Rogers<br />
Creek <strong>of</strong> South Bay, Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 32%; M-H; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 34%; minp; several bays; llnk; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 75%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Bangham 1955; 40%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island or South Bay, Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk<br />
Uvulifer ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927) Dubois, 1938<br />
Synonym: Neascus ambloplitis Hughes, 1927; Crassiphiala ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927) Hunter and Hunter,<br />
1931; Neascus wardi Hunter, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 5%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Heterophyidae Odhner, 1914<br />
Apophallus brevis Ransom, 1920<br />
Synonym: Apophallus americanus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932; Apophallus itascaensis Warren, 1953;<br />
Distomum sp. larva <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 49%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Strigeidae Railliet, 1919<br />
Ichthyocotylurus intermedia (Hughes, 1928)<br />
Synonym: Tetracotyle intermedia Hughes, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Heart, mesentery<br />
180
Table 14, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Hughes 1928; March 1927and April 1927; pnp; minp; Saint Ignace, Michigan;<br />
45º52′7″/-84º43′40″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 27%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 4%; minp; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″; North<br />
Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; sou<strong>the</strong>rn shore <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Hughes 1928; pnp; minp; Saint Ignace, Michigan<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; lns; South Bay,<br />
Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 6%; L-M; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Ichthyocotylurus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Brain, connective tissue, eye, heart, kidney, liver, mesentery, muscle, spleen, vertebral<br />
column<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 1%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Phoxinus eos: Bangham 1955; 1951; 6%; minp; Rogers Creek; llnk; McKimm Creek; llnk; near South Bay,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Umbra limi: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; stream <strong>of</strong> South Bay, Ontario<br />
Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 32%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 18%; L; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 37%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
181
Table 14, continued.<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 42%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdii: Bangham 1955; 75%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 100%; 156; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan;<br />
44º48′50″/-82º27′58″<br />
Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 38%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 44%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; Lily Lake; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; South Bay, Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 54%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 24%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Aethycteron malleus (Mueller, 1938) Suriano and Beverley-Burton, 1982<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus malleus Mueller, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Percina caprodes: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 83%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Clavunculus bursatus (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle, Stokely, Jakoski, Seamster, and Monaco, 1956<br />
Synonym: Actinocleidus bursatus, Ancyrocephalus bursatus<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cleidodiscus brachus Mueller, 1938<br />
Synonym: Urocleidus brachus (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1967<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 61%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cleidodiscus robustus Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus incisor, Actinocleidus incisor<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 15%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Haplocleidus dispar (Mueller, 1936) Mueller, 1937<br />
Synonym: Considered Onchocleidus dispar by Wheeler and Beverley-Burton (1989<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 41%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Leptocleidus megalonchus Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Ancyrocephalus paradoxus, Cleidodidscus megalonchus (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and Hugher,<br />
1938; Tetraonchus unguiculatus, Urocleidus megalonchus (Mueller, 1936) Price, 1968<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 18%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ligictaluridus floridanus (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus floridanus Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus mirabilis Mueller, 1937 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
183
Table 14, continued.<br />
Ligictaluridus monticellii (Cognetti de Martiis, 1924) Klassen and Beverley-Burton, 1985<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Nasal cavity<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ligictaluridus pricei (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus pricei Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus mirabilis Mueller, 1937<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 74%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Lyrodiscus minimus Kritsky and Hathaway, 1969<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lyrodiscus rupestris Dechtiar, 1973<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Nasal cavity, fins, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Onchocleidus chautauquaensis (Mueller, 1938) Murith and Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Tetracleidus chautauquensis (Mueller, 1938); Urocleidus chautauquaensis (Mueller, 1938)<br />
Mizelle and Hughes, 1938; Cleidodiscus chautauquaensis (Mueller, 1938) Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 43%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Onchocleidus chrysops (Mizelle and Klucka, 1953) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus chrysops (Mizelle and Klucka, 1953) Price and Mura, 1969; Urocleidus chrysops<br />
Mizelle and Klucka, 1953<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Onchocleidus ferox (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Urocleidus ferox (Mueller, 1934; Onchocleidus nucronatus Mizelle, 1936; Cleidodiscus ferox<br />
(Mueller, 1934) Price and Mura, 1969<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 44%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
184
Table 14, continued.<br />
Salsuginus fundulus (Mizelle, 1940) Murith and Beverley-Burton, 1985<br />
Synonym: Urocleidus fundulus Mizelle, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 31%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Syncleithrium fusiformis (Mueller, 1934) Price, 1967<br />
Synonym: Actinocleidus fusiformis (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1937; Ancyrocephalus cruciatus (Cooper,<br />
1915) Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus fusiformis Mueller, 1934<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 38%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Tetracleidus banghami Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus banghami (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 35%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Tetracleidus capax (Mizelle, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus capax Mizelle, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Tetracleidus longus (Mizelle, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus longus Mizelle, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 75%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Urocleidus aculeatus (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ancyrocephalus aculeatus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932; Cleidodiscus aculeatus (Van Cleave<br />
and Mueller, 1932) Mizelle and Regensberger, 1945<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 88%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall and Haas 1998; September 1993, September 1994; 62%; minp; Inner Saginaw<br />
Bay; 43º45′0″/-83º33′29″; 34%; minp; Outer Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-83º33′29″<br />
Urocleidus adspectus (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 56%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
185
Table 14, continued.<br />
Urocleidus alatus (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1968<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus alatus (Mueller, 1938)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Ambloplitis rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 46%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Urocleidus baldwini (Dechtiar, 1974) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus baldwini Dechtiar, 1974<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1974a; 1969; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 43%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyridae Bykhovski, 1933<br />
Acolpenteron catostomi Fischthal and Allison, 1942<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host:<br />
Catosotmus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Acolpenteron ureteroecetes Fischthal and Allison, 1940<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus anchoratus (Dujardin, 1845) Wagener, 1857<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus attenuatus Mizelle and Klucka, 1953<br />
Synonym: Neodactylogyrus attenuatus Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 44%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus aureus Seamster, 1948<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 60%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
186
Table 14, continued.<br />
Dactylogyrus banghami Mizelle and Donahue, 1944<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971 39%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 62%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 46%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Margariscus nachtriebi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 60%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Dactylogyrus bifurcatus Mizelle, 1937<br />
Synonym: Neodactylogyrus bifurcatus Price, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 39%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 70%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Dactylogyrus buddi Dechtiar, 1974<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar 1974b; 1969; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus cognatus: Dechtiar 1974b; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 52%; minp; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan;<br />
44º48′50″/-82º27′58″<br />
Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 71%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus chrosomi Hanek, Molnar and Fernando, 1975<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 51%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus cornutus Mueller, 1938<br />
Synonym: Neodactylogyrus cornutus Price, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 45%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
187
Table 14, continued.<br />
Dactylogyrus duquesni (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1938<br />
Synonym: Neodactylogyrus duquesni Price, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus eucalius Mizelle and Regensberger, 1945<br />
Synyonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 62%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus extensus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Synonym: Dactylogyrus solidus Akhmerov, 1948; Dactylogyrus hovorkai Kastak, 1957<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1955; 1951; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus heterolepis Hanek, Molnar and Fernando, 1975<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 60%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus lineatus Mizelle and Klucka, 1953<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 56%; L; lns; Ontario, llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus pollex Mizelle and Donahue, 1944<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 81%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 67%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 60%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
188
Table 14, continued.<br />
Pellucidhaptor catostomi Dechtiar, 1969<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills, nasal cavity<br />
Host: Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pellucidhaptor nasalis Dechtiar, 1969<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Nasal cavity<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pellucidhaptor sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host: Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii Bykhovskii and Gusev, 1955<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1971b; August-November 1969; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Diclybothriidae Bykhovskii and Gusev, 1950<br />
Diclybothrium armatum Leuckart, 1835<br />
Synonym: Diplobothrium armatum (Leuckart, 1835)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Diclybothrium hamulatum (Simer, 1929) Price, 1942<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Remarks: Bangham (1955) misspelled this as Diplobothrium hammulatum.<br />
Discocotylidae Price, 1936<br />
Discocotyle sagittata (Leuckart, 1842) Diesing, 1850<br />
Synonym: Discocotyle salmonis Schaffer, 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
189
Table 14, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 11%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 17%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 11%; minp; North Channel, Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 18%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 1%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Octomacrum lanceatum Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Octobothrium sagittatum Wright, 1879<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Octomacrum microconfibula Hargis, 1952<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Octomacrum semotili Dechtiar, 1966<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 18%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Gyrodactylidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Gyrodactyloides sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Notropis heterolepis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 40%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Gyrodactylus atratuli Putz and H<strong>of</strong>fman, 1963<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
190
Table 14, continued.<br />
Gyrodactylus bairdi Wood and Mizelle, 1957<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 38%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus couesius Wood and Mizelle, 1957<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, gills<br />
Host: Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus dechtiari Hanek and Fernando, 1971<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 46%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus e<strong>the</strong>ostomae Wellborn and Rogers, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 51%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus eucaliae Ikezaki and H<strong>of</strong>fman, 1957<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 59%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Gyrodactylus freemani Hanek and Fernando, 1971<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus funduli Hargis, 1955<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 38%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
191
Table 14, continued.<br />
Gyrodactylus goerani Hanek and Fernando, 1971<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus margaritae Putz and H<strong>of</strong>fman, 1963<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Margariscus nachtriebi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 60%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus medius Kathariner, 1895<br />
Synonym: ?Gyrodactylus carpio<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus nebulosus Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus spathulatus Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus stunkardi Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, gills<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 43%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 49%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
192
Table 14, continued.<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1974a; 1969; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus cognatus: Dechtiar 1974b; 1969; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 3%; minp; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan;<br />
44º48′50″/-82º27′58″<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Percina caprodes: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; Pleasant Creek, Ontario; llnk<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 56%; minp; Providence Bay and South Bay, Ontario<br />
Phoxinus eos: Bangham 1955; 12%; minp; Rogers Creek, llnk; McKimm Creek; llnk; near South Bay,<br />
Ontario<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1955; 12%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 29%; minp; Lake Manitou River; llnk; White Lake on<br />
Manitoulin Island; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 21%; minp; South Bay; 69%; minp; Bass Lake, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 56%; minp; South Bay, Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; Sheguandah Bay;<br />
llnk; Bass Lake; llnk; Long Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 49º31′59″/-86º49′59″<br />
Esox masquinongy: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 74%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 24%; minp; South Bay; White Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 78%; minp; South Bay; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 75%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 73%; minp; Lake Huron bays associated with Manitoulin Island,<br />
lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 11%; minp; Thomas Bay, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 50%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
193
Table 14, continued.<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 49%; minp; South Bay, North Channel, Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 49%; minp; South Bay, Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Mazocraeoidae Price, 1936<br />
Mazocraeoides olentangiensis Sroufe, 1958<br />
Synonym: Mazocraeoides similis Price, 1959<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 46%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pseudomurraytrematidae (Kritsky, Mizelle, and Bilquees, 1978) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Anonchohaptor anomalus Mueller, 1938<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar and Dillon 1974; 1968-1971; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pseudomurraytrema copulatum (Mueller, 1938) Bykhovski, 1957<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Tetraonchidae Bykhovski, 1937<br />
Tetraonchus monenteron (Wagener, 1857) Diesing, 1858<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972b; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 92%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Tetraonchus variabilis Mizelle and Webb, 1953<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar 1972b; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 70%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
194
Table 14, continued.<br />
Adult Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Caryophyllaeidae Leuckhart, 1878<br />
Glaridacris catostomi (Cooper, 1920) Mackiewicz, 1965<br />
Synonym: Caryophyllaeus terebrans <strong>of</strong> Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim); Glaridacris laruei <strong>of</strong><br />
Bangham and Venard, 1946<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 1951; 34%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; lakes on<br />
Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Unidentified cestodaria<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 28%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899<br />
Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: Abothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779); Eubothrium oncorhynchi Wardle, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 4%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Bangham 1955; 13%; minp; Blue Jay Creek; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 95%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Eubothrium rugosum (Batsch, 1786) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 17%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 96%; 10; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″; 100%; 9;<br />
Yankee Reef, Michigan; 44º28′59″/-83º33′29″<br />
195
Table 14, continued.<br />
Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank; 1790) Nybelin; 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca; intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983, September-October 1984;<br />
pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; 1%; 1; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Lake Manitou on<br />
Manitoulin Island; llnk; South Baymouth, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall and Bowen 2000; May 1995; 98%; minp; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-<br />
82º27′58″; Adams Point, Michigan; 45º24′52″/-83º42′59″<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 10%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849<br />
Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze, 1782) Rudolphi, 1810<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 1951;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 16%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; South<br />
Bay, Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 51%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island; Ontario; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 56%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cyathocephalidae Nybelin, 1922<br />
Cyathocephalus truncatus (Pallas, 1781) Kessler, 1868<br />
Synonym: Cyathocephalus americanus Cooper, 1917<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach, pyloric ceca, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 1%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; April 1984, April 1985, April 1986; 4%; 3; De Tour Village,<br />
Chippewa County, Michigan; 46º1′29″/-84º41′33″; 11%; 1; Point Lookout, northwest Saginaw Bay,<br />
Michigan; 44º2′59″/-83º34′46″<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 44%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 40%; minp; North Channel, Ontario; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Cooper 1919; cdnp; pnp; minp; Giant’s Tomb Island; llnk; Georgian Bay,<br />
45º30′0″/-81º0′0″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and L<strong>of</strong>tus 1965; February and March 1963; pnp; minp; South Bay,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 17%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: French et al. 2005; 2001-2003; 24%; 1; eastern and sou<strong>the</strong>rn portion <strong>of</strong> lake; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 9%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: French et al. 2005; 52%; 5; eastern and sou<strong>the</strong>rn portion <strong>of</strong> lake<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967; June-July 1965; 11%;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 1%; 1; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan<br />
Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and L<strong>of</strong>tus 1965; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: French et al. 2005; 20%; 2; eastern and sou<strong>the</strong>rn portion <strong>of</strong> lake<br />
Haplobothriidae Meggitt, 1924<br />
Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper, 1914<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Amia calva: Cooper 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Corallobothrium fimbriatum Essex, 1927<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 71%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; 56%; minp; Bass<br />
Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Corallotaenia minutia (Fritts, 1959) Befus and Freeman, 1973<br />
Synonym: Corallobothrium minutium Fritts, 1959<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Megathylacoides giganteum (Essex, 1928) Freze, 1965<br />
Synonym: Corallobothrium giganteum Essex, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 67%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
198
Table 14, continued.<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1951; 16%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; several lakes on<br />
Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Proteocephalus exiguus La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ichthyotaenia laruei (Faust, 1920)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 11%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 65%; minp; Whitefish Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 28%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 18%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Proteocephalus fluviatilis Bangham, 1925<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus laruei Faust, 1920<br />
Synonym: Ichthyotaenia laruei (Faust, 1920)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Petromyzon marinus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 15%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 90%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; Bass Lake;<br />
llnk; Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 44%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 68%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, west <strong>of</strong> South Baymouth,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
199
Table 14, continued.<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 9%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 6%; 2; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 44º48′50″/-<br />
82º27′58″<br />
Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 38%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; South Bay; Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk<br />
Percina caprodes: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Proteocephalus perplexus La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Amia calva: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 39%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus pinguis La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 91%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/-<br />
82º25′0″; Sheguandah Bay; llnk; Bass Lake; llnk; Long Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 49º31′59″/-<br />
86º49′59″<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 95%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Esox masquinongy: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Proteocephalus stizostethi Hunter and Bangham, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 24%; minp; Mindemoya Lake; llnk; Whitefish Lake on Manitoulin<br />
Island, Ontario; 46º19′59″/-81º13′0″<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
200
Table 14, continued.<br />
Proteocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Petromyzon marinus: Wilson and Ronald 1967; 1961; 1962;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899<br />
Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myoxocephalus thompsoni: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 20%; 1; Alpena, Michigan; 45º3′42″/-82º25′57″;<br />
6%; 1; Harbor Beach, Michigan; 43º50′30″/-82º38′29″<br />
Eubothrium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Anterior intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Petromyzon marinus: Applegate 1950; June 1948; pnp; minp; Carp Creek; 45º30′30″/-84º5′0″; Ocqueoc<br />
River, Hammond Bay; 45º29′24″/-84º4′27″<br />
Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; April 1984, April 1985, April 1986; 2%; 1; Carp River area,<br />
Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º1′29″/-84º41′33″; 10%; 2; De Tour Village, Chippewa County, Michigan;<br />
45º57′46″/-83º54′17″; 8%; 2; Hessel, Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º0′15″/-84º25′33″; 3%; 3; Point<br />
Lookout, northwest Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 44º2′59″/-83º34′46″<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 2%; 1; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 44º48′50″/-<br />
82º27′58″<br />
Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849<br />
Bothriocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 14%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 14%; minp; South Bay, Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk<br />
Cyathocephalidae Nybelin, 1922<br />
Cyathocephalus truncatus (Pallas, 1781) Kessler, 1868<br />
Synonym: Cyathocephalus americanus Cooper, 1917<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, anterior intestine<br />
Host: Myoxocephalus thompsoni: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 7%; 1; Alpena, Michigan; 45º3′42″/-<br />
82º25′57″; 2%; 1; Harbor Beach, Michigan; 43º50′30″/-82º38′29″<br />
202
Table 14, continued.<br />
Diphyllobothriidae Luhe, 1910<br />
Diphyllobothrium ditremum (Creplin, 1825) Luhe, 1910<br />
Synonym: Diphyllobothrium osmeri (von Linstow, 1878)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach wall<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 47%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Diphyllobothrium laruei Vergeer, 1942<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach, under peritoneum lining <strong>the</strong> flesh, “o<strong>the</strong>r viscera”<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Coregonus nigripinnis: Vergeer 1942; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Diphyllobothrium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach, pyloric ceca, intestinal wall<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 68%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 55%; minp; North Channel; South Bay, west <strong>of</strong> South Baymouth,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 36%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967; June-July 1965; 71%; 6; Thunder Bay, Michigan; 45º0′0″/-<br />
83º23′59″<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983, September-October 1984;<br />
pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Bangham 1955; 13%; minp; Blue Jay Creek; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County;<br />
Michigan<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 2%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Gmelin, 1790<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body cavity<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
203
Table 14, continued.<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; South Bay; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Schistocephalus solidus (Muller, 1776) Steenstrup, 1857<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body cavity<br />
Host:<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 15%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sparganum pseudosegmentatum<br />
Synonym: Diphyllobothrium sp. Cobbold, 1858<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach wall, among intestinal ceca<br />
Host: Lota lota: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; Alpena; 45º3′42″/-82º25′57″; Cheboygan, Michigan;<br />
45º39′52″/-84º26′8″<br />
Remarks: Mongrain (1967) reared larvae <strong>of</strong> Sparganum pseudosegmentatum in hamsters and identified<br />
adults belonging to <strong>the</strong> genus Diphyllobothrium.<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 81%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 26%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 64%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
204
Table 14, continued.<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 55%; minp; South Bay; several bays; llnk; lakes on Manitoulin<br />
Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 33%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; South Bay; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; Manitoulin<br />
Island lakes, Ontario; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 13%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Triaenophoridae Loennberg, 1889<br />
Triaenophorus crassus Forel, 1868<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus robustus Olsson, 1893; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus morpha megadentatus<br />
Wardle, 1932; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus <strong>of</strong> Newton, 1932 (partim); Triaenophorus sp. type robustus <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper, 1919<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Petromyzon marinus: Applegate 1950; June 1948; pnp; minp; Carp Creek; 45º30′30″/-84º5′0″; Ocqueoc<br />
River, Hammond Bay; 45º29′24″/-84º4′27″<br />
Petromyzon marinus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 15%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Petromyzon marinus: McClain 1952; 1949-1950; actively feeding lampreys; 7%; minp; nor<strong>the</strong>rn Lake<br />
Huron; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 77%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 47%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 18%; minp; South Bay; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 36%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 47%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Triaenophorus crassus Forel, 1868<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus robustus Olsson, 1893; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus morpha megadentatus<br />
Wardle, 1932; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus <strong>of</strong> Newton, 1932 (partim); Triaenophorus sp. type robustus <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper, 1919<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Petromyzon marinus: McClain 1952; 1949-1950; upstream migrants;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Adult Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Synonym: Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim)<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934; Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis<br />
and Arthur, 1979<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 53%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas Bay; 45º49′59″/-<br />
82º25′0″; Sheguandah Bay; llnk; Bass Lake llnk; Long Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 49º31′59″/-<br />
86º49′59″<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 42%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox masquinongy: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; Bass Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 3%; L; M; South Bay,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L-M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Smith 1984; May 1979-June 1981; 92%; minp; Smoky Hollow; llnk; Wickett Lake on<br />
Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk; 67%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Esox lucius: Smith 1986; May-November 1979; May-November 1980; 78-100%; 12-206; Smoky Hollow<br />
Lake; llnk; 64-100%; 4-230; Wicket Lake; llnk; Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Smith 1984; 50%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 1951;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Capillaria catostomi Pearse, 1924<br />
Synonym: Moravec (1987) considers Capillaria catostomi a synonym <strong>of</strong> Pseudocapillaria tomentosa;<br />
?Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Skrjabin and Schikhobalova, 1954<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981; May 1975-May 1976; pnp; minp; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Lake Huron,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio x Carassius auratus: Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981; pnp; minp; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Lake Huron,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bell and Beverley-Burton 1980; May-December 1975, April-May 1976; 66%freshly<br />
examined fish; 81% frozen examined fish, 10-freshly examined fish, 10-frozen examined fish; Point<br />
Edward, Ontario; 43º0′0″/-82º24′0″<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981; pnp; minp; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Lake Huron, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981; pnp; minp; sou<strong>the</strong>rn Lake Huron, Ontario<br />
Capillaria salvelini Polyanskii; 1952<br />
Synonym: Capillaria baicalensis Ryzhikov and Sudarikov, 1953; Capillaria coregoni Shulman-Albova,<br />
1953; Capillaria curilica Zhukov, 1960; Capillaria brevispicula sensu Moravec and Ergens, 1970, nec<br />
Linstow, 1873; Capillaria bakeri sensu Meyer, 1954, nec Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983, September-October<br />
1984; 40%; 6; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall and Bowen 2000; May 1995; 3%; 2; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-<br />
82º27′58″; Adams Point, Michigan; 45º24′52″/-83º42′59″<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 1%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Dichelyne cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Dacnitoides cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916; Cucullanellus cotylophora (Ward and<br />
Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach, small intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 1951;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Perca flavescens: Rosinski et al. 1997; May and September/October 1992; pnp; minp; Au Gres (43º58'58";<br />
83º39' 37"/10.1); pnp; minp; North Island (43º53'00", 83º26'00" /4.6); Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-<br />
83º33′29″<br />
Perca flavescens: Smedley 1934; 1933; pnp; minp; Grand Bend, Canada, 43º19′0″/-81º45′0″<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Dichelyne robusta (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Petter, 1974<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 29%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Dichelyne sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Truttaedacnitis stelmioides (Vessichelli, 1910) Petter, 1974<br />
Synonym: Cucullanus stelmioides Vessichelli, 1910; Dacnitis stelmioides Vessichelli<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills, gonads, liver, intestinal wall<br />
Host: Petromyzon marinus: Wilson and Ronald 1967; 1961, 1962; upstream migrants;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County,<br />
Michigan<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Lankester and Smith 1980; 11%; 26; Burnt Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns;<br />
Ontario<br />
Cystidicola stigmatura (Leidy, 1886) Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Filaria stigmatura Leidy, 1886; Ancyracanthus cystidicola <strong>of</strong> Wright, 1879 not (Lamarck,<br />
1801); Cystidicola sp. <strong>of</strong> White 1940; Cystidicola farionis <strong>of</strong> Ward and Magath 1916 not (Fischer, 1798);<br />
Cystidicola cristivomeri White, 1941<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 4%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Ko and Anderson 1969; cdnp; pnp; minp; South Baymouth, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 9%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967; June and July 1965; 85%; 17; Thunder Bay, Michigan;<br />
45º0′0″/-83º23′59″<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 41%; minp; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″; North<br />
Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario sou<strong>the</strong>rn shore <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin<br />
Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Black 1983; 1894; 50%; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario);<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namyacush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 4%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
Remarks: Black (1983) reported that Cystidicola stigmatura is apparently absent <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
since 1925; <strong>the</strong> two Salvelinus namaycush examined by Black (1983) were collected before 1925; <strong>the</strong><br />
above records <strong>of</strong> Cystidicola stigmatura in Coregonus spp. and Osmerus mordax may be erroneous since<br />
Salvelinus spp. are <strong>the</strong> only known hosts for Cystidicola stigmatura (see Black 1983).<br />
Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (Linstow, 1872) Moravec, 1981<br />
Synonym: Filaria ephemeridarum Leidy, 1872; Cystidicoloides tenuissima (Zeder, 1800) Rasheed, 1965;<br />
Sterliadochona tenuissima (Zeder, 1800); Metabronema salvelini (Fujita, 1920), Metabronema canadense<br />
Skinker, 1931; Cystidicoloides harwoodi (Chandler, 1931)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
212
Table 14, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 31%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Bangham 1955; 1951; 40%; minp; Blue Jay Creek; llnk; Manitou River; llnk; South<br />
Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Salmo trutta: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Bangham 1955; 69%; minp; Blue Jay Creek, Ontario<br />
Spinitectus carolini Holl, 1928<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 31%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1955; 1951; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 81%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 55%; minp; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Spinitectus gracilis Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 1%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 14%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 4%; minp; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″; North<br />
Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; sou<strong>the</strong>rn shore <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin Island; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 2%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; and o<strong>the</strong>r locations; Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
213
Table 14, continued.<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 50%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 4%; minp; South Bay; Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Spinitectus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 2%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926<br />
Philometra cylindracea (Ward and Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindraceum Ward and Magath<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine; body cavity, associated with testes, mesentery, and heart<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 1951;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Philometroides nodulosa (Thomas, 1929) Dailey, 1967<br />
Synonym: Philometra nodulosa (Thomas, 1929)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Subcutaneous tissue <strong>of</strong> head<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Quimperiidae Baylis, 1930<br />
Synonym: Haplonematidae Sudarikov and Ryzhikov, 1952<br />
Haplonema hamulatum Moulton, 1931<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1955, 1951; 38%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 31%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 87%; 11; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″; 100%; 45;<br />
Yankee Reef, Michigan; 44º28′59″/-83º33′29″<br />
Haplonema immutatum Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Amia calva: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Haplonema sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Myoxocephalus thompsoni: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 83%; 7; Alpena, Michigan; 45º3′42″/-<br />
82º25′57″; 53%; 2; Harbor Beach, Michigan; 43º50′30″/-82º38′29″<br />
Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin; 1946<br />
Rhabdochona canadensis Moravec and Arai, 1971<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario, llnk<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 22%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
215
Table 14, continued.<br />
Rhabdochona cascadilla Wigdor, 1918<br />
Synonym: Rhabdochona sp. <strong>of</strong> Bangham, 1941 (partim) and <strong>of</strong> Bangham and Venard, 1946 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 75%; minp; Pleasant Creek; Ontario; llnk<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 19%; minp; Providence Bay; llnk; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1955; 6%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; Lake Manitou River; llnk; White Lake <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin<br />
Island; llnk; Manitou River, Ontario; llnk<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 4%; minp; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″; North<br />
Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; sou<strong>the</strong>rn shore <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Bangham 1955; 20%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island or South Bay, Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Remarks: Dechtiar et al. (1988) lists Rhabdochona cascadilla occurring in <strong>the</strong> liver.<br />
Rhabdochona cotti Gustafson, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Cottus bairdi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhabdochona decaturensis Gustafson, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
216
Table 14, continued.<br />
Rhabdochona sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Couesis plumbeus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 2%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Synonym: Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim)<br />
Contracaecum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994, May 1990-July 1992; 5%; 4; Saginaw Bay, Michigan;<br />
43º45′0″/-83º33′29″<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934; Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis<br />
and Arthur, 1979<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
Host:<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1955; 1951; 25%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 75%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 33%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Hysterothylacium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Remarks: Larvae <strong>of</strong> Contracaecum and Hysterothylacium are difficult to separate and undoubtedly have<br />
been misidentified as one ano<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790;<br />
Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790; Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris Schrank, 1790; Ascaris<br />
mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel., 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata<br />
Zeder, 1800; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder, 1800; Ascaris dentata<br />
(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci rutili Diesing, 1851;<br />
Trichina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola Linstow; Ascaris<br />
gracillima Linstow, 1890; Hysterothylacium cayugensis Wigdor, 1918; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924;<br />
217
Table 14, continued.<br />
Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and Maplstone, 1926; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow,<br />
1872) Baylis, 1928; Raphidascaris canadensis Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris gracillima (Linstow, 1890)<br />
Markowski, 1933; Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937; Raphidascaris<br />
laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Smith 1984; May 1979-June 1981; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Smith 1984; 25%; minp; South Bay; Ontario<br />
Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790;<br />
Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790; Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris Schrank, 1790; Ascaris<br />
mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel., 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata<br />
Zeder, 1800; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder, 1800; Ascaris dentata<br />
(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci rutili Diesing, 1851;<br />
Trichina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola Linstow; Ascaris<br />
gracillima Linstow, 1890; Hysterothylacium cayugensis Wigdor, 1918; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924;<br />
Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and Maplstone, 1926; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow,<br />
1872) Baylis, 1928; Raphidascaris canadensis Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris gracillima (Linstow, 1890)<br />
Markowski, 1933; Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937; Raphidascaris<br />
laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, spleen (encysted)<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis heterolepis: Smith 1986; May-November 1979, May-November 1980; pnp; minp; Smoky Hollow<br />
Lake; llnk; Wickett Lake; llnk; Manitoulin Island, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Pimephales promelas: Smith 1986; pnp; minp; Smoky Hollow Lake; Wickett Lake, Manitoulin Island,<br />
Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Smith 1986; pnp; minp; Wickett Lake, Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; L-M; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Smith 1986; 97-100%; 34-243; Smoky Hollow Lake; 96-100%; 19-152; Wickett Lake,<br />
Manitoulin Island, Ontario,<br />
Raphidascaris sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Free in liver and encapsulated in liver, mesentery, and intestinal wall<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Rosinski et al. 1997; May and September/October 1992; pnp; minp; The Black<br />
Hole (43º 48 06, 83º 51 42 /7.5); North Island (43º53'00", 83º26'00"/4.6); Au Gres (43º58'58", 83º39'37"<br />
/10.7); <strong>Fish</strong> Point (43º43'00", 83º33'30"/5.9); Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-83º33′29″<br />
218
Table 14, continued.<br />
Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1913<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted<br />
Host: Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 50%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Camallanus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infecton: Liver, gonads<br />
Host: Petromyzon marinus: McClain 1952; 1949-1950; actively feeding lampreys; 10%; minp; nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Lake Huron; llnk; upstream migrants;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Spinitectus gracilis Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Site <strong>of</strong> cysts not given<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1955, 1951, 33%, minp, South Bay, Ontario, 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1955, 4%, minp, North Channel, 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955, 8%, minp, Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario, llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955,
Table 14, continued.<br />
Gnathostomatidae Lane, 1923<br />
Spiroxys contortus (Rudolph, 1819)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 13%; 1; 0.1; Saginaw<br />
River, Michigan; 43º38′49″/-83º51′1″<br />
Spiroxys sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis heterolepis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 8%; minp; Lily Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Notropis heterolepis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Umbra limi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin, 1946<br />
Rhabdochona sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002, June 1995, 1%; 1; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 44º48′50″/-<br />
82º27′58″<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 1951; 6%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Manitoulin Island lakes,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915 and/or Philometridae Baylis and Daunney, 1926<br />
Redworm: Could be Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch, 1819) and/or Philometra cylindracea (Ward and<br />
Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindracea Ward and Magath, 1916 for Philometra cylindraceum<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery, body cavity<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Fielder et al. 2000; 1989-1997; 63%; minp; Saginaw Bay, Michigan<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Agamonema sp.<br />
Synonym:?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: ?<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk)<br />
Remarks: Yorke and Maplestone (1926) define Agamonema as a collective group for immature nematodes<br />
in fishes.<br />
Agamospirura sp.<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Remarks: Yorke and Maplestone (1926) define Agamospirura as a collective group for immature<br />
Spiruroidea.<br />
Unidentified Nematodes<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestinal wall<br />
Host: Petromyzon marinus: Applegate 1950; 1947-1948;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Adult Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans)<br />
Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876<br />
Acanthocephalus dirus (Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave and Townsend, 1936<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus dirus Van Cleave, 1931; Acanthocephalus jacksoni Bullock, 1962,<br />
Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1975, 1977<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 22%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collin and Dechtiar 1974; 15%; minp; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″; North<br />
Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, sou<strong>the</strong>rn shore <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin Island; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Salmo trutta: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 6%; minp; primarily South Bay; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 41%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Echinorhynchus lateralis (Leidy, 1851) Golvan, 1969<br />
Synonym: Acanthocephlaus lateralis (Leidy, 1851) Petrochenko, 1956; Metechinorhynchus lateralis<br />
(Leidy, 1851) Golvan, 1969<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Echinorhynchus leidyi (Van Cleave, 1924) Golvan, 1969<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus salvelini Linkins in Ward and Whipple, 1918; Metechinorhynchus leidyi (Van<br />
Cleave, 1924) Golvan, 1969<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
223
Table 14, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Petromyzon marinus: McClain 1952; 1949-1950; upstream migrants; pnp; minp; Ocqueoc River;<br />
45º29′24″/-84º4′27″; Presque Isle County, Michigan; 45º21′0″/-83º56′0″<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Osmerus mordax: Allison 1949; cdnp; pnp; minp; Tawas area; 44º16′0″/-83º28′59″; to Alpena, Michigan;<br />
45º3′42″/-82º25′57″<br />
Osmerus mordax: Allison 1952; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1955; 72%; minp; North Channel; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; April 1984, April 1985, April 1986; 77%; 5; Carp River area;<br />
Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º1′29″/-84º41′33″; 73%; 4; De Tour Village, Chippewa County, Michigan;<br />
45º57′46″/-83º54′17″; 88%; 5; Hessel, Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º0′15″/-84º25′33″; 87%; 8; Point<br />
Lookout, northwest Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 44º2′59″/-83º34′46″<br />
Coregonus alpenae: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; North Channel, Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 9%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 69%; minp; North Channel, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 17%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 38%; minp; North Channel; west <strong>of</strong> South Baymouth, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-<br />
82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 9%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967; June-July 1965; 78%; 12; Thunder Bay, Michigan;<br />
45º0′0″/-83º23′59″<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983, September-October 1984;<br />
pnp; minp; Albany Creek; Chippewa County, Michigan<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Bangham 1955; 33%; minp; Blue Jay Creek; llnk; Manitou River; llnk; South Bay,<br />
Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 61%; minp; Georgian Bay; 45º30′0″/-81º0′0″; North<br />
Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay; sou<strong>the</strong>rn shore <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin Island; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 55%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County,<br />
Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 23%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Salmo trutta: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Bangham 1955; 83%; minp; South Bay; Lake Manitou <strong>of</strong> Manitoulin Island; llnk;<br />
South Baymouth, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall and Bowen 2000; May 1995; 100%; 164; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-<br />
82º27′58″; Adams Point, Michigan; 45º24′52″/-83º42′59″<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
225
Table 14, continued.<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 57%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 82%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 14%; minp; South Bay, North Channel, Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 22%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 100%; 41; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″; 100%; 109;<br />
Yankee Reef; 44º28′59″/-83º33′29″<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 61%; 5; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan<br />
Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Neorhynchus cylindratus Van Cleave, 1913; Eorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van<br />
Cleave, 1914<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 23%; minp; South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; Thomas Bay, Ontario;<br />
44º48′50″/-82º27′58″<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 10%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; and/or South Bay, Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 41%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestri: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 22%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 4%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 63%; minp; South Bay; Big Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; Thomas<br />
Bay; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 36%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay and Thomas Bay, Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1955; 50%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 75%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; South Bay; Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 37%; minp; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni Dechtiar, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus pungitius Dechtiar, 1971<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar 1971a; 1968 and 1969; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 29%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
227
Table 14, continued.<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Dechtiar 1971a; 67%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 31%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus cognatus: Muzzall and Bowen 2002; June 1995; 52%; 4; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 44º48′50″/-<br />
82º27′58″<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1971a; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Muller, 1780), Hamann, 1892<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus tuberosus Zider, 1803<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 1951; 23%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 32%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; South Bay; Thomas Bay, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Umbra limi: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; stream <strong>of</strong> South Bay, Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 38%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 29%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1955; 44%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Bangham 1955; 100%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 38%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay; Manitoulin Island lakes, Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
228
Table 14, continued.<br />
Neoechinorhynchus strigosus Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 18%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tenellus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Neorhynchus tenellus Van Cleave, 1913<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 26%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 1951; 9%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 4%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Neoechinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Muzzall and Bowen 2000; May 1995; 1%; 1; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-<br />
82º27′58″; Adams Point, Michigan; 45º24′52″/-83º42′59″<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Neoechinorhynchus sp. 1<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 22%; 2; Six Fathom Bank; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″; 20%; 2;<br />
Yankee Reef, Michigan; 44º28′59″/-83º33′29″<br />
229
Table 14, continued.<br />
Neoechinorhynchus sp. 2<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Lota lota: Muzzall et al. 2003; July 1998; 4%; 2; Six Fathom Bank, Michigan; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″<br />
Octospinifer macilentus Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Octospinifer sp. <strong>of</strong> Mudry and Arai, 1973; Octospinifer sp. <strong>of</strong> Mudry and Anderson, 1976<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 1951; 4%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Bangham 1955; 1951; 33%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 35%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1955; 11%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 60%; minp; South Bay; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 10%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 18%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 6%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 39%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 6%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
230
Table 14, continued.<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1955; 40%; minp; South Bay; and/or Thomas Bay, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-<br />
82º25′0″<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 46%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Perca flavescens: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 27%; minp; Mindemoya Lake; llnk; Windfall Lake on Manitoulin Island,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Immature Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans)<br />
Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis Muller, 1784<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919; Echinorhynchus pachysomus;<br />
Echinorhynchus phoenix; Echinorhynchus inflatus; Echinorhynchus maraenae; Echinorhynchus murenae;<br />
Metechinorhynchus alpinus; Metechinorhynchus salmonis<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach, intestine<br />
Host: Myoxocephalus thompsonii: Muzzall et al. 1997; 1995; 12%; 2; Alpena, Michigan; 45º3′42″/-<br />
82º25′57″; 29%; 2; Harbor Beach, Michigan; 43º50′30″/-82º38′29″<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis Muller, 1784<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919; Echinorhynchus pachysomus;<br />
Echinorhynchus phoenix; Echinorhynchus inflatus; Echinorhynchus maraenae; Echinorhynchus murenae;<br />
Metechinorhynchus alpinus; Metechinorhynchus salmonis<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in mesentery, outside <strong>of</strong> liver, gonads and swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1955; 1951; 32%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Osmerus mordax: Muzzall and Peebles 1988; April 1984, April 1985, April 1986; 12%; 2; Carp River area,<br />
Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º1′29″/-84º41′33″; 12%; 2; De Tour Village, Chippewa County, Michigan;<br />
45º57′46″/-83º54′17″; 10%; 1; Hessel, Mackinaw County, Michigan; 46º0′15″/-84º25′33″; 26%; 1; Point<br />
Lookout, northwest Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 44º2′59″/-83º34′46″<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 8%; minp; North Channel, South Bay, Ontario<br />
Remarks: Muzzall and Peebles (1988) reported that a few females <strong>of</strong> Echinorhynchus salmonis contained<br />
eggs.<br />
Echinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983, September-<br />
October 1984; pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″<br />
Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917<br />
Synonym: Hebosomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebosomatidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
232
Table 14, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Muzzall and Peebles 1986; September-October 1983, September-October<br />
1984; pnp; minp; Albany Creek, Chippewa County, Michigan; 45º58′12″/-84º4′35″<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 13%; 1; 0.1; Saginaw River,<br />
Michigan; 43º38′49″/-83º51′1″<br />
Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Percina caprodes: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Site <strong>of</strong> encystment not provided<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1955; 1951; 2%; minp; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Umbra limi: Bangham 1955; 25%; minp; stream <strong>of</strong> South Bay, Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 11%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Hirudinea (Leeches)<br />
Glossiphoniidae Vaillant, 1890<br />
Actinobdella inequiannulata Moore, 1901<br />
Synonym: Actinobdella triannulata Moore, 1924; Actinobdella triannulata Daniels and Freeman, 1976<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gill chambers<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Actinobdella sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Under operculum<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Bower and Woo 1977; 1975; 1%; 1; Sarnia, Ontario; 42º58′0″/-82º24′0″<br />
Piscicolidae Johnston, 1865<br />
Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851<br />
Synonym: Cystobranchus virginicus Paperna and Zwerner, 1974; Ichthyobdella funduli Verrill, 1872;<br />
Ichthyobdella rapax Wass, 1972; Ichthyobdella richardsoni Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella alba Meyer, 1940;<br />
Illinobdella elongata Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella moorei Meyer, 1940; Myzobdella lugubris Pearse, 1948;<br />
Myzobdella alba Meyer, 1940; Myzobdella moorei (Meyer, 1940) Meyer and Moore, 1954<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, body surface<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 1951; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 2%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Myzobdella sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1951;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Piscicola milneri (Verrill, 1872) Ryerson, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ichthyobdella milneri<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [External surface]<br />
Host: Petromyzon marinus: Applegate 1950; 1947-1948; pnp; minp; Carp Creek, Hammond Bay;<br />
45º30′30″/-84º5′0″<br />
Piscicola punctata (Verrill, 1871) Moore, 1912<br />
Synonym: Ichthyobdella punctata (Verrill, 1871) Moore, 1912<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 1%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Copepoda (Copepods)<br />
Argulidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Argulus catostomi Dana and Herrick, 1837<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Skin<br />
Host:<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900<br />
Synonym: Argulus foliaceus Nettowich; Argulus pellucidus Wagler<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Anal fin<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Hudson and Bowen 2002; July 1994; 2001; pnp; minp; Quanicassee River,<br />
Saginaw Bay; 43º35′30″/-83º40′39″<br />
Argulus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [External surface]<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 5%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
235
Table 14, continued.<br />
Ergasilidae Nordmann, 1832<br />
Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabini Mueller, 1937<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Petromyzon marinus: Wilson and Ronald 1967; 1961, 1962; upstream migrants; 23%; 4; four tributaries in<br />
<strong>the</strong> Manitoulin Island-Bruce Peninsula area; llnk; lake stages; 10%; 3; five <strong>of</strong>fshore areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Manitoulin<br />
Island-Bruce Peninsula area, Michigan; llnk<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 41%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Catostomus catostomus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1966-1972; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario;<br />
45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Berst 1978; 1962-1974; 2%; minp; primarily<br />
South Bay; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″; o<strong>the</strong>r locations, Ontario; llnk<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1955; 37%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 7%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 17%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1955; 7%; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Collins and Dechtiar 1974; pnp; minp; South Bay, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1955; 24%; minp; South Bay; Mindemoya Lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Remarks: Records <strong>of</strong> Ergasilus caeruleus on fish hosts before Roberts (1970) should be treated with<br />
caution.<br />
236
Table 14, continued.<br />
Ergasilus celestis Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus osburni Tidd and Bangham, 1945<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Lota lota: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 42%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ergasilus luciopercarum Henderson, 1926<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabini Mueller, 1936; Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson<br />
in Mueller, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Muzzall 1994; May 1990-July 1992; 3%; 1; Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-<br />
83º33′29″<br />
Salvelinus namyacush: Hudson et al. 1994; June 1992, September 1992; 89%; L; Thunder Bay, Michigan;<br />
45º0′0″/-83º23′59″<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Hudson et al. 1994; pnp; minp; Thunder Bay, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; M; Lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 58%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Muzzall and Haas 1998; September 1993, September 1994; 96%; 46; Inner Saginaw Bay;<br />
43º45′0″/-83º33′29″; 100%; 43; Outer Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-83º33′29″<br />
Ergasilus megaceros Wilson, 1916<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus fragilis Mueller, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Olfactory sac<br />
Host: Petromyzon marinus: Muzzall and Hudson 2004; May 2002; 2%; 1; Cheboygan River, Cheboygan<br />
County, Michigan; 45º39′22″/-84º27′55″<br />
Ergasilus nerkae Roberts, 1963<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus caeruleus <strong>of</strong> Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim), Ergasilus sp. <strong>of</strong> Bangham and<br />
Adams, 1954 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Hudson et al. 1994; June 1992, September 1992; pnp; minp; Thunder Bay,<br />
Michigan; 45º0′0″/-83º23′59″<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Hudson et al. 1994;
Table 14, continued.<br />
Ergasilus versicolor Wilson, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus elegans Wilson, 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1955; 1951; 100%; minp; Thomas Bay, Ontario; 45º49′59″/-82º25′0″<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 67%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ergasilus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 39%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pungitius pungitius: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 31%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus ricei: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 43%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1930)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Dorsal, caudal, anal, pelvic and pectoral fins<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Hudson and Bowen 2002; July 1994, 2001; 15%; 2; Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º45′0″/-<br />
83º33′29″<br />
Pimephales promelas: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 100%; 22; Saginaw Bay, Michigan<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 18%; 2; Saginaw Bay, Michigan<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 39%; 9; Saginaw Bay, Michigan<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 15%; 1; Saginaw Bay, Michigan<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 57-67%; 4-7; Saginaw Bay, Michigan<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 7%; 10; Saginaw Bay, Michigan<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 14%; 1; Saginaw Bay, Michigan<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 33%; 1; Saginaw Bay, Michigan<br />
Perca flavescens: Hudson and Bowen 2002; 31-86%; 3-15; Saginaw Bay, Michigan<br />
Remarks: Neoergasilus japonicus is an exotic species.<br />
238
Table 14, continued.<br />
Lernaeidae Cobbold, 1879<br />
Lernaea cruciata (LeSeuer, 1824)<br />
Synonym: Lernaeocera cruciata<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [External surface, muscle]<br />
Host: Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Ictalurus punctatus, Fundulus diaphanus, Ambloplites rupestris,<br />
Lepomis gibbosus, Micropterus salmoides, Perca flavescens: Hudson and Bowen 2002; July 1994, 2001;<br />
“common”; minp; Quanicassee River, Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º35′30″/-83º40′39″<br />
Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758<br />
Synonym: Lernaea elegans Leigh-Sharpe, 1925; Lernaeocerca esocina Hermann, 1783; Lernaea carasii<br />
Tidd, 1933; probably Lernaea ranae Stunkard and Cable, 1913<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Ictalurus punctatus, Fundulus diaphanus menona, Ambloplites<br />
rupestris, Lepomis gibbosus, Micropterus salmoides, Perca flavescens: Hudson and Bowen 2002; July<br />
1994, 2001; “common”; minp; Quanicassee River, Saginaw Bay, Michigan; 43º35′30″/-83º40′39″<br />
Lernaeopodidae Olsson, 1869<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi Kroyer, 1863<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res ambloplitis Kellicott, 1880; Ach<strong>the</strong>res micropteri Wright, 1882<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1955 1951; 3%; minp; lake on Manitoulin Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1955; 27%; minp; several bays; llnk; lakes on Manitoulin Island, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Salmincola edwardsii (Olsson, 1869) Wilson, 1915<br />
Synonym: Lernaeopoda fontinalis Smith, 1874; for o<strong>the</strong>r synonyms, see Kabata (1969)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
239
Table 14, continued.<br />
Salmincola extensus (Kessler, 1868) Kabata, 1969<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res coregoni Baumann, 1911; Lernaeopoda coregoni Smith, 1874; Lernaeopoda extensus<br />
Kessler, 1868; Lerneaopoda maraenae Olsson, 1877; Salmincola wisconsinensis Tidd and Bangham, 1945<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body surface, skin, gills<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 14%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Bangham 1955; 2%; minp; west <strong>of</strong> South Baymouth, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 5%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay,<br />
Ontario<br />
Salmincola extumescens (Gadd, 1901) Wilson, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res corpulentus Kellicott, 1880; Salmincola corpulentus (Kellicott, 1880); Lernaeopoda<br />
extumescens Gadd, 1901; Lernaeopoda inermis Wilson, 1911; Salmincola inermis (Wilson, 1911) Wilson,<br />
1915; Salmincola omuli Messjatzeff, 1926<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Branchial rim (beneath <strong>the</strong> operculum), external surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> operculum, gills<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham 1955; 1951; 2%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 11%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Bowen and Stedman 1990; September 1985, October 1985; 21%; minp; Six Fathom Bank,<br />
Michigan; 44º48′50″/-82º27′58″; 12%; minp; Au Sable Point, Michigan; 44º19′49″/-83º20′27″; 4%; minp;<br />
Harbor Beach, Michigan; 43º50′30″/-82º38′29″; 1%; minp; Goderich, Ontario; 43º43′59″/-81º42′0″<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum: Dechtiar et al. 1988; 23%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Salmincola inermis Wilson, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gill cavities<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: Bangham 1955; 1951; 24%; minp; North Channel; 46º4′59″/-83º0′0″; South Bay,<br />
Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Salmincola siscowet (Smith, 1874) Wilson, 1915<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Base <strong>of</strong> fins, o<strong>the</strong>r areas <strong>of</strong> body<br />
Host:<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Anderson 1993; 1988-1992; 15-73%; 1-5; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis: Anderson 1993; 33-90%; 1-11; South Bay, Ontario; few-<br />
70%; 6; Heywood Island, Ontario; llnk<br />
240
Table 14, continued.<br />
Salmincola sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [External surface]<br />
Host: Prosopium cylindraceum: Bangham 1955; 1951; 36%; minp; South Bay, Ontario; 45º33′0″/-82º1′0″<br />
Mollusca<br />
Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820<br />
Anodontoides ferussacianus Lea, 1834<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Petromyzon marinus: Wilson and Ronald 1967; 1961, 1962; upstream migrants; 12%; 2; four streams<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Manitoulin Island-Bruce Peninsula area; llnk; lake stages;
Table 15. <strong>Fish</strong>es by family <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron <strong>from</strong> which parasites were reported during 1914-<br />
2010 using parasite data <strong>from</strong> Table 14. References in paren<strong>the</strong>ses following parasites refer to<br />
references for host records.<br />
Petromyzontidae<br />
Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey)<br />
Adult Digenea: Podocotyle lepomis, (Wilson and Ronald 1967)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum huronense, (Wilson and Ronald 1967); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus laruei, (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus sp., (Wilson and Ronald 1967);<br />
Triaenophorus crassus, (Wilson and Ronald 1967)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Applegate 1950); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955);<br />
Triaenophorus crassus, (Applegate 1950; Bangham 1955; McClain 1952); unidentified cestode, (Applegate<br />
1950)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis stelmoides, (Wilson and Ronald 1967)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus sp., (McClain 1952); unidentified nematode, (Applegate 1950)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (McClain 1952); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Applegate<br />
1950; Bangham 1955; McClain 1952; Wilson and Ronald 1967)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola milneri, (Applegate 1950)<br />
Mollusca: Glochidia <strong>of</strong> Anodontides ferussacianus, (Wilson and Ronald 1967)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Wilson and Ronald 1967); Ergasilus megaceros, (Muzzall and Hudson<br />
2004)<br />
Acipenseridae<br />
Acipenser fulvescens (lake sturgeon)<br />
Adult Digenea: Skrjabinopsolus manteri, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum lintoni, (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Monogenea: Diclybothrium armatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diclybothrium hamulatum, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Amiidae<br />
Amia calva (bowfin)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Macroderoides typicus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955)<br />
242
Table 15, continued.<br />
Adult Cestoda: Haplobothrium globuliforme, (Bangham 1955; Cooper 1914); Proteocephalus perplexus,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Haplonema immutatum, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Clupeidae<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus (alewife)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Diplostomum sp., (Muzzall 1994); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974);<br />
Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum sp., (Muzzall 1994)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Muzzall 1994)<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum (gizzard shad)<br />
Microspora: Glugea cepedianae, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Mazocraeoides olentangiensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Cyprinidae<br />
Carassius auratus (goldfish)<br />
Copepoda: Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen 2002)<br />
Couesius plumbeus (lake chub)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Octomacrum semotili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactylus couesius, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona canadensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
243
Table 15, continued.<br />
Cyprinus carpio (common carp)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus anchoratus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Dactylogyrus extensus, (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii, (Dechtiar 1971b; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus<br />
medius, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catostomi, (Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen<br />
2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Hudson and Bowen 2002)<br />
Cyprinus carpio x Carassius auratus (common carp-goldfish hybrid)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catostomi, (Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981)<br />
Luxilus cornutus (common shiner)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Thelohanellus notatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum cooperi,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Plagioporus cooperi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus cornutus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Dactylogyrus pollex, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Octomacrum microconfibula, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhabdochona<br />
decaturensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Margariscus nachtriebi (nor<strong>the</strong>rn pearl dace)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus margaritae, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988)<br />
Nocomis biguttatus (hornyhead chub)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1955); Plagioporus sinitsini, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham<br />
1955)<br />
244
Table 15, continued.<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas (golden shiner)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus aureus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides (emerald shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Notropis heterodon (blackchin shiner)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham<br />
1955)<br />
Notropis heterolepis (blacknose shiner)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus heterolepis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloides sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Smith 1986); Spiroxys sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988)<br />
Notropis hudsonius (spottail shiner)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus bartai, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus burti, (Cone et al. 2004; Cone and Marcogliese<br />
2010); Myxobolus grandis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Thelohanellus<br />
notatus, (Beis and Cone 1990; Cone et al. 2004); Zschokkella sp., (Cone et al. 2004)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1955); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1955);<br />
Bucephalus sp., (Bangham 1955); Lissorchis sp., (Bangham 1955); Plagioporus cooperi, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Centrovarium lobotes, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus<br />
sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927)<br />
245
Table 15, continued.<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Octomacrum semotili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1955);<br />
Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham<br />
1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Notropis rubellus (rosyface shiner)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Notropis volucellus (mimic shiner)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham 1955); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Phoxinus eos (nor<strong>the</strong>rn redbelly dace)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham<br />
1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Monogenea: Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus (finscale dace)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus conspicuous, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus chrosomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Pimephales notatus (bluntnose minnow)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Thelohanellus notatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Mavor 1916); unidentified myxosporidia,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum<br />
spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus bifurcatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
246
Table 15, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Pimephales promelas (fa<strong>the</strong>ad minnow)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus bifurcatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Smith 1986)<br />
Copepoda: Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002)<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae (longnose dace)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus atratuli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactylus dechtiari, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona canadensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus (western blacknose dace)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus dechtiari, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus (creek chub)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus pendula, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); unidentified myxosporidia, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus<br />
sp., (Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Cleidodiscus brachus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Dactylogyrus attenuatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Dactylogyrus lineatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona canadensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham<br />
1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
247
Table 15, continued.<br />
Catostomidae<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus (quillback)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus rotundum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Catostomus catostomus (longnose sucker)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); unidentified myxosporidia, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Lissorchis simeri, (Bangham 1955);<br />
Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Bangham 1955); Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Monogenea: Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pellucidhaptor catostomi, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988); Octomacrum lanceatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar and Dillon<br />
1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cestodaria, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Philometroides nodulosa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Bangham 1955); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham<br />
1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cristatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus strigosus, (Bangham 1955);<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannualata, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988)<br />
Catostomus commersonii (white sucker)<br />
Mastigophora: Cryptobia catostomi, (Bower and Woo 1977); Trypanoplasma borreli, (Mavor 1916)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); unidentified myxosporidia, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988); Plagioporus sinitsini, (Bangham 1955); Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Bangham 1955); Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
(Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar<br />
1974); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927)<br />
Monogenea: Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Octomacrum lanceatum, (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988)<br />
248
Table 15, continued.<br />
Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria bakeri, (Bangham 1955); Capillaria catostomi, (Bell and Beverley-Burton<br />
1980; Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981); Philometroides huronensis, (Uhazy 1976); Philometroides<br />
nodulosa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Echinorhynchus leidyi,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus cristatus,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus strigosus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Octospinifer<br />
macilentus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955; Collins<br />
and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannulata, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Actinobdella sp., (Bower<br />
and Woo 1977)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum (shor<strong>the</strong>ad redhorse)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus duquesni, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pellucidhaptor sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Ictaluridae<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya exilis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1955); Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988); Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham 1955); Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988); Glossidium geminum, (Bangham 1955); Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham 1955); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum<br />
sp., (Bangham 1955); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927)<br />
Monogenea: Ligictaluridus monticellii, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactylus nebulosus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Corallotaenia minutia,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus pearsei,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne robusta, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955)<br />
249
Table 15, continued.<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish)<br />
Adult Digenea: Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Azygia angusticauda,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Alloglossidium corti, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Microphallus opacus,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955)<br />
Monogenea: Ligictaluridus floridanus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Megathylacoides giganteum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Smith 1984)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen<br />
2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen 2002)<br />
Noturus flavus (stonecat)<br />
Monogenea: Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Esocidae<br />
Esox lucius (nor<strong>the</strong>rn pike)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxidium lieberkuhnii, (Mavor 1916)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia longa, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955); Uvulifer ambloplites, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955); Tetraonchus<br />
monenteron, (Dechtiar 1972b; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus crassus,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Raphidascaris<br />
acus, (Smith 1984, 1986; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
250
Table 15, continued.<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955);<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Esox masquinongy (muskellunge)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Umbridae<br />
Umbra limi (central mudminnow)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bunoderina eucaliae, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Creptotrema funduli,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Phyllodistomum brevicecum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Osmeridae<br />
Osmerus mordax (rainbow smelt)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Muzzall and Peebles<br />
1988; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and<br />
Dechtiar 1974)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Peebles 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1988); Protoecephalus sp., (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988; Muzzall and Peebles 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Collins and Dechtiar<br />
1974)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Capillaria sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1988); Cystidicola sp., (Muzzall and<br />
Peebles 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955); Philometra sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Allison 1949, 1952; Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Peebles<br />
1988); Neoechinorhynchus pungitius, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Collins and<br />
Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
251
Table 15, continued.<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Muzzall and Peebles 1988);<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Salmonidae<br />
Coregonus alpenae (longjaw chub/cisco)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Coregonus artedi (lake herring/cisco)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya zschokkei, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); unidentified myxospora, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Hughes 1928; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham 1955); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Proteocephalus exiguus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus laruei, (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium ditremum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diphyllobothrium laruei,<br />
(Vergeer 1942); Diphyllobothrium sp., (Bangham 1955); Triaenophorus crassus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar<br />
et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus sp., (Bangham 1955); Salmincola extensus, (Bangham 1955); Salmincola extumescens,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Salmincola inermis, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis (lake whitefish)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Phyllodistomum coregoni, (Dechtiar<br />
et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Diplostomum sp. or Tylodelphys sp., (La Rue et al. 1926);<br />
Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Bangham 1955; Cooper 1919; Dechtiar and L<strong>of</strong>tus 1965;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988; French et al. 2005); Proteocephalus exiguus, (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus laruei,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus<br />
crassus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
252
Table 15, continued.<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catostomi, (Bell and Beverley-Burton 1981); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988; Lankester and Smith 1980); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974;<br />
Ko and Anderson 1969); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Spinitectus gracilis,<br />
(Collins and Dechtiar 1974)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham<br />
1955); Philometra sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Collins<br />
and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Salmincola extumescens, (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Coregonus hoyi (bloater)<br />
Adult Digenea: Unidentified digenean, (Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967); Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; French et al. 2005; Lundahl and<br />
Hoeberling 1967); Proteocephalus exiguus, (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus laruei, (Bangham 1955);<br />
Proteocephalus sp., (Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Lundahl and<br />
Hoeberling 1967); Triaenophorus crassus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham 1955; Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Bangham 1955); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham<br />
1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Lundahl and Hoeberling 1967); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola extensus, (Bangham 1955); Salmincola extumescens, (Bowen and Stedman 1990)<br />
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (pink salmon)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall and<br />
Peebles 1986)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
253
Table 15, continued.<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lachancei, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Bangham 1955); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Dextrase 1987); Cystidicoloides<br />
ephemeridarum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Bangham 1955); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham<br />
1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Oncorhynchus nerka (kokanee, sockeye salmon)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria catenata, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cystidicola<br />
farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Cystidicoloides<br />
ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus pungitius,<br />
(Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Cystidicola farionis, (Muzzall and<br />
Peebles 1986)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Haplonema sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus sp., (Muzzall and Peebles 1986); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus,<br />
(Muzzall and Peebles 1986)<br />
Prosopium coulteri (pygmy whitefish)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Hughes 1928)<br />
254
Table 15, continued.<br />
Prosopium cylindraceum (round whitefish)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Bangham 1955); Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Bangham 1955); Tetraonchus variabilis, (Dechtiar 1972b; Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; French et al. 2005); Proteocephalus<br />
exiguus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus crassus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham 1955); Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar<br />
et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994); Salmincola extensus, (Bangham 1955); Salmincola<br />
extumescens, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Salmincola sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Salmo trutta (brown trout)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar<br />
et al. 1988)<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Phyllodistomum lachancei, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall and Bowen 2000); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham<br />
1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus lateralis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola edwardsii, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Salvelinus namaycush (lake trout)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955; Muzzall and Bowen 2000); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and<br />
Dechtiar 1974)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Bangham 1955; Muzzall and Bowen 2000)<br />
255
Table 15, continued.<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Bowen 2000); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Black 1983)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Echinorhynchus<br />
salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Bowen 2000); Neoechinorhynchus sp.,<br />
(Muzzall and Bowen 2000)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Hudson et al.<br />
1994); Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994); Salmincola siscowet, (Anderson 1993)<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush (splake)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Collins and Dechtiar 1974)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978); Diplostomum<br />
spathaceum, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and<br />
Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Discocotyle sagittata, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar and<br />
Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diphyllobothrium sp., (Dechtiar<br />
and Berst 1978); Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Capillaria salvelini, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978); Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Lankester and<br />
Smith 1980); Cystidicola stigmatura, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978); Spinitectus<br />
gracilis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhabdochona sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Berst 1978)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar and Berst 1978); Salmincola<br />
siscowet, (Anderson 1993)<br />
Percopsidae<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus (trout-perch)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus procercum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum isostomum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
(Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus<br />
intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1955);<br />
Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927)<br />
256
Table 15, continued.<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus baldwini, (Dechtiar 1974a; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar<br />
1974a; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus formosus, (Bangham 1955); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (French et al.<br />
2005)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Spinitectus<br />
gracilis, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Collins and Dechtiar<br />
1974)<br />
Larval/immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Neoechinorhynchus sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus sp., (Bangham 1955); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Gadidae<br />
Lota lota (burbot)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall et al. 2003); Epistylis sp., (Muzzall et al. 2003)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955; Muzzall et al. 2003); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham 1955); Eubothrium rugosum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988;<br />
Muzzall et al. 2003); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall et al. 2003)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955); Sparganum pseudosegmentatum,<br />
(Vergeer 1942); unidentified plerocercoid, (Muzzall et al. 2003)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Haplonema hamulatum,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Muzzall et al. 2003)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Echinorhynchus leidyi, (Bangham<br />
1955); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall et al. 2003);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus spp., (Muzzall et al. 2003); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955);<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus celestis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
257
Table 15, continued.<br />
Fundulidae<br />
Fundulus diaphanus (banded killifish)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Tylodelphy scheuringi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Salsuginus fundulus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus funduli, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen 2002)<br />
Gasterosteidae<br />
Culaea inconstans (brook stickleback)<br />
Microspora: Glugea anomala, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bunoderina eucaliae, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum baeri eucaliae, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp. (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp. (Bangham 1955);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus eucalius, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus eucaliae, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Agamospirura sp., (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus pungitius,<br />
(Dechtiar 1971a; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus (threespine stickleback)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994)<br />
Pungitius pungitius (ninespine stickleback)<br />
Microspora: Glugea anomala, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Gyrodactyluls eucaliae, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (French et al. 2005)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Schistocephalus solidus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus pungitius,<br />
(Dechtiar 1971a; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994); Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
258
Table 15, continued.<br />
Cottidae<br />
Cottus bairdii (mottled sculpin)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum undulans, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar 1974b; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus bairdi, (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Schistocephalus solidus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cotti, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar<br />
et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Cottus cognatus (slimy sculpin)<br />
Ciliophora: Epistylis sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Trichodina sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002)<br />
Microspora: Pleistophora sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus cognati, (Muzzall and Bowen 2002)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum farionis, (Muzzall and Bowen 2002)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Muzzall<br />
and Bowen 2002)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar 1974b; Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar<br />
1974b; Muzzall and Bowen 2002)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Muzzall<br />
and Bowen 2002)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Haplonema hamulatum,<br />
(Muzzall and Bowen 2002); Rhabdochona sp., (Muzzall and Bowen 2002)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall and Bowen 2000); Neoechinorhynchus<br />
pungitius, (Muzzall and Bowen 2002)<br />
Cottus ricei (spoonhead sculpin)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyopthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988)<br />
259
Table 15, continued.<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar<br />
et al. 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Myoxocephalus thompsonii (deepwater sculpin)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall et al. 1997)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Muzzall et al. 1997); Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Muzzall<br />
et al. 1997)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Muzzall et al. 1997)<br />
Moronidae<br />
Morone chrysops (white bass)<br />
Ciliophora: Capriniana sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Allacanthochasmus artus,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Allacanthochasmus varius, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955)<br />
Monogenea: Onchocleidus chrysops, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Centrarchidae<br />
Ambloplites rupestris (rock bass)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum cornutum,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham 1955); Proterometra macrostoma, (Bangham 1955);<br />
Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Uvulifer<br />
ambloplitis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927)<br />
Monogenea: Lyrodiscus minimus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Lyrodiscus rupestris, (Dechtiar 1973; Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988); Onchocleidus chautauquaensis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Urocleidus alatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactylus goerani, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
260
Table 15, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955); Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham<br />
1955); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus<br />
gracilis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Smith 1984)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson<br />
and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen<br />
2002); Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish)<br />
Copepoda: Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002)<br />
Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum cornutum,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham 1955); Proterometra macrostoma,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Uvulifer<br />
ambloplitis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proalaria huronensis, (La<br />
Rue 1927)<br />
Monogenea: Actinocleidus recurvatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Cleidodiscus robustus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Haplocleidus dispar, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Onchocleidus ferox, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactyloidea,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Protoecephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen<br />
2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen 2002)<br />
261
Table 15, continued.<br />
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill)<br />
Copepoda: Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002)<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxosporidia, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum cornutum,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Azygia angusticaudum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Rhipidocotyle papillosum, (Bangham<br />
1955); Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Phyllodistomum lohrenzi, (Dechtiar et<br />
al. 1988); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Uvulifer<br />
ambloplitis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Clavunculus bursatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Haplocleidus dispar, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Leptocleidus megalonchus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Syncleithrium fusiformis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Tetracleidus banghami, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Acolpenteron ureteroectes, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Proteocephalus<br />
fluviatilis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Raphidascaris<br />
acus, (Smith 1984); Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Dichelyne<br />
cotylophora, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson<br />
and Bowen 2002); Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1955); Azgia angusticaudum, (Bangham 1955);<br />
Caecincola parvulus, (Bangham 1955); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927)<br />
Monogenea: Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham<br />
1955); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1955)<br />
262
Table 15, continued.<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Hudson et al. 1994); Ergasilus nerkae, (Hudson et al. 1994);<br />
Neoergasilus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002);<br />
Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson and Bowen 2002)<br />
Pomoxis annularis (white crappie)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus (black crappie)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1955); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Tetracleidus capax, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Tetracleidus longus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Protoeocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Percidae<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile (Iowa darter)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus formosus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: ?Hymenolepis sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham<br />
1955); Rhabdochona sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Smith 1986)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum (Johnny darter)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1955); Crepidostomum isostomum, (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham<br />
1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Gyrodactylus e<strong>the</strong>ostomae, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus stunkardi, (Dechtiar et al.<br />
1988); Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
263
Table 15, continued.<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus formosus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne sp., (Bangham 1955); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Perca flavescens (yellow perch)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Trichodina urinaria, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya doori, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bunodera sacculata, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum cooperi,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Crepidostomum farionis, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Azygia<br />
angusticauda, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1955); Centrovarium<br />
lobotes, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Phyllodistomum superbum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1955); Apophallus brevis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus adspectus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus freemani, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar and L<strong>of</strong>tus 1965; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1955); Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1955); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Rosinski et al. 1997); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham 1955;<br />
Dechtiar et al. 1988; Rosinski et al. 1997; Smedley 1934); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1955; Collins<br />
and Dechtiar 1974); Philometra cylindracea, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Rosinski et al. 1997;<br />
Starr 1989; Fielder et al. 2000); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Smith 1986); Raphidascaris sp.,<br />
(Rosinski et al. 1997); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Allison 1966; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Rosinski et al. 1997;<br />
Salz 1989; Fielder et al. 2000); Spiroxys sp., (Bangham 1955); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Collins and Dechtiar 1974); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus,<br />
(Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus pungitius, (Dechtiar 1971a; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Bangham 1955; Collins and Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1955; Collins and<br />
Dechtiar 1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1955); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
264
Table 15, continued.<br />
Copepoda: Argulus japonicus, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Collins and Dechtiar<br />
1974; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Neoergasilus japonicus,<br />
(Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cruciata, (Hudson and Bowen 2002); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Hudson<br />
and Bowen 2002)<br />
Percina caprodes (logperch)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus scleroperca, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Proalaria huronensis, (La Rue 1927)<br />
Monogenea: Aethycteron malleus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar et al. 1988);<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pearsei, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Sander canadensis (sauger)<br />
Adult Digenea: Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham 1955); Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Sander vitreus (walleye)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Muzzall and Haas 1998)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bucephalopsis pusilla, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Woodhead 1930);<br />
Bucephalidae, (Muzzall and Haas 1998); Sanguinicola occidentalis, (Dechtiar et al. 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
(Dechtiar et al. 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1955; Muzzall and Haas 1998)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus aculeatus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Haas 1998); Gyrodactyloidea,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Haas<br />
1998); Proteocephalus stizostethi, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Triaenophorus stizostedionis,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Muzzall and Haas 1998)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham 1955; Dechtiar et al. 1988); Dichelyne<br />
cotylophora, (Bangham 1955); Spinitectus sp., (Bangham 1955)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Muzzall and Haas 1998)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1955); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Bangham 1955)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1955)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus confusus, (Bangham 1955); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar et al. 1988); Ergasilus<br />
luciopercarum, (Dechtiar et al. 1988; Muzzall and Haas 1998)<br />
265
Table 15, continued.<br />
Gobiidae<br />
Apollonia melanostoma (round goby)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b); Digenea gen. sp.,<br />
(Kvach and Stepien 2008b)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (French et al. 2005)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra sp., (Kvach and Stepien 2008b); Spiroxys contortus, (Kvach and<br />
Stepien 2008b)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b)<br />
Table 16. Numbers and percentages (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) <strong>of</strong> parasite species in each major parasite<br />
group reported for five major fish families <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron during 1914-2010. Parasite group<br />
abbreviations are Ci (Ciliophora), My (Myxozoa), Dt (Digenea), Mo (Monogenea), Ce (Cestoda),<br />
Ne (Nematoda), Ac (Acanthocephala), Hi (Hirudinea), Co (Copepoda), and Mol (Mollusca). If a<br />
parasite in a group did not infect fish, <strong>the</strong> parasite group was not included in <strong>the</strong> table.<br />
Parasite group<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> family Ma Ci My Dt Mo Ce Ne Ac Hi Co Mol Total<br />
Cyprinidae 0 2<br />
(3)<br />
Catostomidae 2<br />
(4)<br />
2<br />
(4)<br />
6<br />
(9)<br />
2<br />
(4)<br />
Centrarchidae 0 0 1<br />
(2)<br />
Percidae 0 2<br />
(3)<br />
2<br />
(3)<br />
Salmonidae 0 0 1<br />
(2)<br />
15<br />
(23)<br />
10<br />
(23)<br />
16<br />
(31)<br />
18<br />
(28)<br />
7<br />
(14)<br />
22<br />
(33)<br />
7<br />
(16)<br />
16<br />
(31)<br />
7<br />
(11)<br />
2<br />
(4)<br />
266<br />
2<br />
(3)<br />
3<br />
(7)<br />
4<br />
(8)<br />
10<br />
(15)<br />
9<br />
(18)<br />
8<br />
(12)<br />
5<br />
(11)<br />
7<br />
(14)<br />
9<br />
(14)<br />
12<br />
(24)<br />
5<br />
(8)<br />
9<br />
(21)<br />
5<br />
(10)<br />
7<br />
(11)<br />
9<br />
(18)<br />
0 5<br />
(8)<br />
1<br />
(2)<br />
1<br />
(2)<br />
1<br />
(2)<br />
1<br />
(2)<br />
2<br />
(4)<br />
1<br />
(1)<br />
1<br />
(2)<br />
0 1<br />
(2)<br />
7<br />
(11)<br />
9<br />
(18)<br />
1<br />
(2)<br />
66<br />
44<br />
51<br />
64<br />
0 50
Table 17. Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity based on <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> parasites<br />
in five major fish families <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron, 1914-2010.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> family Cyprinidae Catostomidae Salmonidae Centrarchidae<br />
Cyprinidae 1.0000 0.1473 0.1165 0.2038<br />
Catostomidae 0.1473 1.0000 0.1518 0.0869<br />
Salmonidae 0.1165 0.1518 1.0000 0.1145<br />
Centrarchidae 0.2038 0.0869 0.1145 1.0000<br />
Percidae 0.2403 0.1797 0.1789 0.2872<br />
ST. CLAIR SYSTEM (ST. CLAIR RIVER, LAKE ST. CLAIR,<br />
DETROIT RIVER)<br />
The St. Clair system consists <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and <strong>the</strong> Detroit River. Water<br />
flows through this system <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron into Lake Erie via <strong>the</strong> St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> Detroit River.<br />
St. Clair River—Results and Discussion<br />
The only two studies published on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Clair River (Muzzall et al.<br />
1995; Pronin et al. 1997) were on one species, Apollonia melanostoma and 10 parasite species (1<br />
Ciliophora, 1 Myxozoa, 3 larval Digenea, 1 immature Cestoda, 1 larval Cestoda, 2 larval<br />
Nematoda, glochidia <strong>of</strong> unidentified Mollusca) were found (Table 10). Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> helminth<br />
species (Rhipidocotyle sp., Clinostomum complanatum, Diplostomum spathaceum, Diplostomum<br />
sp., Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Scolex pleuronectis, Raphidascaris acus, Eustrongylides tubifex)<br />
were larval stages encysted in non-intestinal sites. Rhipidocotyle sp., P. ambloplitis, and<br />
Raphidascaris acus mature in fish. Clinostomum complanatum, Diplostomum spathaceum,<br />
Diplostomum sp., and Eustrongylides tubifex mature in piscivorous birds. Parasite data on<br />
Apollonia melanostoma <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Clair River are in Table 19.<br />
Lake St. Clair—Results and Discussion<br />
Eleven studies <strong>from</strong> 1895 through 2010 have been published on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> Lake<br />
St. Clair (Ward 1895; La Rue 1914; Ward and Magath 1916; Appy and Cone 1982; Muzzall et al.<br />
1995; Pronin et al. 1997; Synnestvedt 1997; Thomas and Haas 2004; Kvach and Stepien 2008b;<br />
Cone et al. 2004; Cone and Marcogliese 2010). The only fish species examined for parasites <strong>from</strong><br />
this lake were Acipenser fulvescens, Amia calva, Notropis hudsonius, Coregonus artedi, C.<br />
clupeaformis, Salvelinus namaycush, Micropterus dolomieu, Micropterus sp., Perca flavescens,<br />
267
Percina caprodes, Sander vitreus, Apollonia melanostoma, Proterorhinus marmoratus, and<br />
“several fish species.”<br />
Thirty species <strong>of</strong> parasites (3 Ciliophora, 2 Myxozoa, 1 adult Digenea, 3 larval Digenea, 1 adult<br />
Cestoda, 1 larval Cestoda, 7 adult Nematoda, 5 immature/larval Nematoda, 1 immature<br />
Nematoda, 1 adult Acanthocephala, 3 immature Acanthocephala, 2 Hirudinea) have been reported<br />
<strong>from</strong> fish in this lake (Table 18). Three <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> studies only reported on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> Apollonia<br />
melanostoma (13 species) and Proterorhinus marmoratus (11 species). Neochasmus umbellus,<br />
Proteocephalus sp., Raphidascaris acus, Spinitectus sp., Philometra sp., Neoechinorhynchus<br />
tumidus, and Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus mature in fish. Spiroxys contortus and Spiroxys sp.<br />
mature in turtles. Diplostomum spathaceum, Diplostomum sp., Ichthyocotylurus pileatus,<br />
Contracaecum sp., and Eustrongylides tubifex mature in birds. The fish hosts <strong>from</strong> Lake St. Clair<br />
with <strong>the</strong>ir parasites are detailed in Table 19.<br />
Thomas and Haas (2004) collected 61 fish species plus one hybrid (Cyprinus carpio x Carassius<br />
auratus) in American waters <strong>of</strong> Lake St. Clair <strong>from</strong> 1996-2001. Only five <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species<br />
(Acipenser fulvescens, Coregonus clupeaformis, Micropterus salmoides, Perca flavescens,<br />
Proterorhinus marmoratus) have been examined for parasites. Coregonus artedi, Amia calva, and<br />
Apollonia melanostoma examined for parasites in earlier studies were not collected by Thomas<br />
and Haas (2004).<br />
Detroit River—Results and Discussion<br />
Only one study (Marcogliese 2008) has reported on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> a fish species <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> Detroit<br />
River. He found <strong>the</strong> Asian fish tapeworm (Bothriocephalus acheilognathi) infecting one<br />
Pimephales promelas (Table 18). In an unpublished personal observation, two species <strong>of</strong><br />
Myxobolus were found infecting Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides (PM, Michigan State University, personal<br />
observation, 2008). The fish hosts with <strong>the</strong>ir parasites <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> Detroit River are documented in<br />
Table 19.<br />
All <strong>the</strong> parasite species reported <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Clair system have been found in <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and<br />
Erie, except for Scolex pleuronectis occurring in <strong>the</strong> St. Clair River, Neochasmus umbellus in<br />
Lake St. Clair, and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in <strong>the</strong> Detroit River. Also, N. umbellus has not<br />
been reported <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron.<br />
268
Table 18. <strong>Parasites</strong> reported in fishes <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Clair River, Lake St Clair, and Detroit River,<br />
1895-2010. Host documentation, in order, consists <strong>of</strong> references, when observed (cdnp =<br />
collection date not provided), prevalence defined as <strong>the</strong> percentage (%) <strong>of</strong> fish infected (pnp =<br />
prevalence not provided), mean intensity defined as <strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong> parasites per infected<br />
fish (minp = mean intensity not provided), mean abundance defined as <strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong><br />
parasites per examined fish, location (lns = location not specified), latitude and longitude (llnk =<br />
latitude/location not known).<br />
ST CLAIR RIVER<br />
Ciliophora (Ciliates)<br />
Epistylidae Kahl, 1935<br />
Apiosoma sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 20%; “few”; Port Huron, Michigan;<br />
42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′; 10%; “few”; Marine City, Michigan; 42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′<br />
Myxozoa (Myxosporans)<br />
Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917<br />
Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli Naidenova, 1970<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gall bladder<br />
Host: Apollonia melanstoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 25%; “few”; Port Huron, Michigan;<br />
42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′<br />
Remarks: Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli is an exotic species reported for <strong>the</strong> first time in North America by<br />
Pronin et al. (1977).<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Bucephalidae Poche, 1907<br />
Rhipidocotyle sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 10%; 1; Marine City, Michigan;<br />
42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′<br />
269
Table 18, continued.<br />
Clinostomidae Luhe, 1901<br />
Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Braun, 1899<br />
Synonym: Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Braun 1899; ?Clinostomum gracile <strong>of</strong> Stafford<br />
(1904); ?Distomum gracile <strong>of</strong> Wright (1879)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mucosa <strong>of</strong> oral cavity<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; 1; Marine City, Michigan; 42°43′10′′/-<br />
82°29′31′′<br />
Remarks: Dzikowski et al. (2004) reported Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum were<br />
distinct species based on differences in ribosomal DNA.<br />
Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876<br />
Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1833 <strong>of</strong> Cooper<br />
(1915)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Lens<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 10%; 2; Marine City, Michigan;<br />
42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′; 65%; 2; Port Huron, Michigan; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′<br />
Diplostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Lens<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; July and August 1994; 11%; 2; Marine City, Michigan;<br />
42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 10%; 1; Marine City, Michigan;<br />
42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′; 5%; 1; Port Huron, Michigan; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Scolex pleuronectis Muller, 1788<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestinal wall<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 10%; 2; Marine City, Michigan;<br />
42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′<br />
Remarks: Scolex pleuronectis is an exotic species reported for <strong>the</strong> first time <strong>from</strong> North America by Pronin<br />
et al. (1997).<br />
270
Table 18, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) Ralliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790;<br />
Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790; Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris Schrank, 1790; Ascaris<br />
mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel., 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata<br />
Zeder, 1800; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder, 1800; Ascaris dentata<br />
(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci rutili Diesing, 1851;<br />
Trichina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola Linstow; Ascaris<br />
gracillima Linstow, 1890; Hysterothylacium cayugensis Wigdor, 1918; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924;<br />
Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and Maplstone, 1926; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow,<br />
1872) Baylis, 1928; Raphidascaris canadensis Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris gracillima (Linstow, 1890)<br />
Markowski, 1933; Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937; Raphidascaris<br />
laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 10%; 1; Marine City; 42°43′10′′/-<br />
82°29′31′′; 15%; 2; Port Huron, Michigan; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′<br />
Remarks: Pronin et al. (1997) refered to this nematode as Raphidascaris sp. in <strong>the</strong> article.<br />
Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915<br />
Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch, 1909) Jagerskiold, 1909<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestinal wall<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; 4; Marine City; 42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′;<br />
10%; 1; Port Huron, Michigan; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′<br />
Mollusca (Molluscs)<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified glochidia<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; July and August 1994; 1%; minp; Marine City,<br />
Michigan; 42°43′10′′/-82°29′31′′<br />
271
Table 18, continued.<br />
LAKE ST CLAIR<br />
Ciliophora (Ciliates)<br />
Epistylidae Kahl, 1935<br />
Apiosoma sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; “few”; Marine City; 42°43′10′′/-<br />
82°29′31′′; Port Huron, Michigan; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′<br />
Chilodonellidae Deroux, 1970<br />
Chilodonella sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; “few”; Lake St. Clair, Michigan;<br />
42°25′0′′/-82°39′59′′<br />
Trichodinidae Raabe, 1959<br />
Trichodina sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Proterohinus marmoratus: Muzzall et al. 1995; August and September; 1994; 2%; minp; Anchor<br />
Bay, Michigan; 42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′<br />
Myxozoa (Myxosporans)<br />
Myxobolidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Myxobolus burti Cone and Marcogliese 2010<br />
Synonym: Myxobolus sp. <strong>of</strong> Cone et al. 2004<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Intracellular in striated muscle<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; July 1994; 20%; minp; Beller River Beach (42º30’N,<br />
82º47’W); Cone and Marcogliese 2010, same infection data and information as in Cone et al. 2004<br />
Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917<br />
Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli Naidenova, 1970<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gall bladder<br />
272
Table 18, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 25%; “few”; Port Huron; 42°58′15′′/-82°25′29′′;<br />
17%; “few”; Lake St. Clair, Michigan; 42°25′0′′-82°39′59′′<br />
Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; 5%; “few”; Lake St. Clair, Michigan<br />
Remarks: Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli is an exotic species reported for <strong>the</strong> first time <strong>from</strong> North America by<br />
Pronin et al. (1997).<br />
Adult Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified Trematodes<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Not reported<br />
Host: “Several fish species”: Ward 1895; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan; llnk<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Cryptogonimidae (Ward, 1917) Ciurea, 1933<br />
Neochasmus umbellus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Brain, eye, muscle<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 7%; 2; 0.1; Clinton<br />
River mouth, Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′<br />
Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876<br />
Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1833 <strong>of</strong> Cooper<br />
(1915)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Lens<br />
Host:<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 20%; 3.7; 0.7; Clinton River<br />
mouth, Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 34%; 6; south <strong>of</strong> Clinton River mouth, Michigan;<br />
42°35′41′′/-82°46′31”<br />
Diplostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Lens<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; August and September 1994; 89%; 10; Anchor Bay;<br />
42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′; Huron Point; 42°25′0′′/-82°38′59′′; Middle Channel, Michigan; 42°35′23′′/-82°38′34′′<br />
273
Table 18, continued.<br />
Strigeidae Railliet, 1819<br />
Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802) Odening, 1969<br />
Synonym: Tetracotyle diminuta Hughes, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body cavity<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 34%; 1; south <strong>of</strong> Clinton River mouth,<br />
Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′<br />
Remarks: Pronin et al. (1997) stated <strong>the</strong>ir report <strong>of</strong> Ichthyocotylurus pileatus was <strong>the</strong> first one <strong>from</strong> North<br />
America; however, Dechtiar and Lawrie (1988) reported Ichthyocotylurus pileatus <strong>from</strong> Perca flavescens<br />
and Sander vitreus <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior.<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Digenea gen. sp.<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 13%; 1; 0.1; Clinton<br />
River mouth, Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′<br />
Adult Cestoda (Adult Cestodes)<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue 1911<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: La Rue 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: La Rue 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified cestodes<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Not reported<br />
Host: “Several fish species”: Ward 1895; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan; llnk<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Proteocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; 1; south <strong>of</strong> Clinton River mouth,<br />
Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′<br />
274
Table 18, continued.<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Scolex pleuronectis Muller, 1788<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestinal wall<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 17%; 1; south <strong>of</strong> Clinton River mouth,<br />
Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′<br />
Remarks: Scolex pleuronectis is an exotic species reported for <strong>the</strong> first time <strong>from</strong> North America by Pronin<br />
et al. (1997).<br />
Nematoda (Adult Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934; Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis<br />
and Arthur, 1979<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach<br />
Host: Micropterus sp.: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Dichelyne cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Dacnitoides cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916; Cucullanellus cotylophora (Ward and<br />
Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Truttaedacnitis clitellarius (Ward and Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974<br />
Synonym: Cucullanus clitellarius Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975)<br />
Cystidicola stigmatura (Leidy, 1886) Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Filaria stigmatura Leidy, 1886; Ancyracanthus cystidicola <strong>of</strong> Wright, 1879 not Lamarck, 1801;<br />
Cystidicola sp. <strong>of</strong> White 1940; Cystidicola farionis <strong>of</strong> Ward and Magath 1917 not Fischer, 1798;<br />
Cystidicola cristivomeri White and Cable, 1942<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns<br />
275
Table 18, continued.<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Remarks: Black (1983) reported that Cystidicola stigmatura is apparently absent <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
since 1925; <strong>the</strong> above records <strong>of</strong> Cystidicola stigmatura in Coregonus spp. maybe erroneous since Black<br />
(1983) stated that Salvelinus spp. are <strong>the</strong> only known hosts for Cystidicola stigmatura.<br />
Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926<br />
Philometra cylindraceum (Ward and Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindraceum Ward and Magath 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Abdominal cavity<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Quimperiidae Baylis, 1930<br />
Synonym: Haplonematidae Sudarikova and Ryzikov, 1952<br />
Haplonema immutatum Moulton, 1931<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Amia calva: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin, 1946<br />
Rhabdochona decaturensis Gustafson, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; August and September 1994; 21%; 4; Anchor Bay;<br />
42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′; Huron Point; 42°25′0′′/-82°39′59′′; Middle Channel, Michigan; 42°35′23′′/-82°38′34′′<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified nematode<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Not provided<br />
Host: “Several fish species”: Ward 1895; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan; llnk<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Contracaecum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in liver<br />
Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Muzzall et al. 1995; June and August 1994; 4%; 2; Goosebay, Michigan;<br />
42°35′4′′/-82°40′44′′<br />
276
Table 18, continued.<br />
Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790:<br />
Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790; Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris Schrank, 1790; Ascaris<br />
mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel., 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779); Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata<br />
Zeder, 1800; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800); Fusaria redii Zeder, 1800; Ascaris dentata<br />
(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci rutili Diesing, 1851;<br />
Trichina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola Linstow; Ascaris<br />
gracillima Linstow, 1890; Hysterothylacium cayugensis Wigdor, 1918; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924;<br />
Hysterothylacium cayugensis Wigdor, 1918; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis, 1928;<br />
Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris gracillima (Linstow, 1890) Markowski, 1933;<br />
Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918)<br />
Yorke and Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster,<br />
1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
Host:<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 50%; 2; south <strong>of</strong> Clinton River mouth, Michigan;<br />
42°35′41”/-82°46′31”<br />
Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; 15%; 1; Michigan<br />
Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915<br />
Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch, 1819) Jagerskiold, 1909<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; June and August 1994; 2%; 1; Anchor Bay, Michigan;<br />
42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Synnestvedt 1997; May-October 1993; monthly prevalence varied <strong>from</strong> 1-36; minp;<br />
Michigan<br />
Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975)<br />
Spinitectus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; June and August 1994; 2%; 2; Goosebay, Michigan;<br />
42°35′4′′/-82°40′44′′<br />
Gnathostomatidae Lane, 1923<br />
Spiroxys contortus (Rudolph, 1819)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 10%; 1; 0.1;<br />
Clinton River mouth; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′<br />
277
Table 18, continued.<br />
Spiroxys sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; August and September 1994; 5%; 1; Anchor Bay, Michigan;<br />
42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′<br />
Proterorhinus marmoratus: Muzzall et al. 1995; June and August 1994; 2%; 1; Anchor Bay, Michigan;<br />
42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′<br />
Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926<br />
Philometra sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 7%; 1; 0.1; Clinton<br />
River mouth, Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′<br />
Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915 and/or Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926<br />
Redworm: Could be Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch, 1819) and/or Philometra cylindracea (Ward and<br />
Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindraceum Ward and Magath, 1916 for Philometra cylindraceum<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery, body cavity<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Thomas and Haas 2004; 1996-2001; 4%; minp; Lake St. Clair, Michigan<br />
Adult Acanthocephala<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified acanthocephalan<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Not reported<br />
Host: “Several fish species”: Ward 1895; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Michigan; llnk<br />
Immature Acanthocephala<br />
Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917<br />
Synonym: Hebosomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebosomatidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 13%; 2; 0.3; Clinton<br />
River mouth, Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′<br />
278
Table 18, continued.<br />
Neoechinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in liver<br />
Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Muzzall et al. 1995; June and August 1994; 2%; 1; Goosebay, Michigan;<br />
42°35′4′′/-82°40′44′′<br />
Polymorphidae Meyer, 1931<br />
Southwellina hispida (Van Cleave, 1925)<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Proterorhinus marmoratus: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 10%; 1; 0.1;<br />
Clinton River mouth, Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′<br />
Remarks: This maybe <strong>the</strong> only report <strong>of</strong> Southwellina hispida in a fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901; Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Muzzall et al. 1995; August and September 1994; 2%; 3; Anchor Bay, Michigan;<br />
42°39′0′′/-82°45′59′′<br />
Proterorhinus marmoratus: Pronin et al. 1997; August 1994; 5%; 1; south <strong>of</strong> Clinton River mouth;<br />
Michigan; 42°35′41′′/-82°46′31′′<br />
Hirudinea (Leeches)<br />
Piscicolidae Johnston, 1865<br />
Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851<br />
Synonym: Cystobranchus virginicus Paperna and Zwerner, 1974; Ichthyobdella funduli Verrill, 1872;<br />
Ichthyobdella rapax Waas, 1972; Ichthyobdella richardsoni Meyer, 1940; Ichthyobdella alba Meyer, 1940;<br />
Myzobdella alba Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella elongata Meyer 1940; Illinobdella moorei Meyer, 1940;<br />
Myzobdella lugubris Pearse, 1948; Myzobdella moorei (Meyer, 1940) Meyer and Moore, 1954<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Percina caprodes: Appy and Cone 1982; 1980; 43%; minp; Tremblay, Ontario; 42º18'N, 82º31' W<br />
Piscicolaria reducta Meyer, 1940<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Fins]<br />
Host: Percina caprodes: Appy and Cone 1982; 1980; pnp; minp; Tremblay, Ontario; 42º18'N, 82º31' W<br />
279
Table 18, continued.<br />
DETROIT RIVER<br />
Myxozoa (Myxosporans)<br />
Myxobolidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Myxobolus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Abdominal muscle<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: PM, Michigan State University, personal observation, 2008; 100%; minp;<br />
Grassy Island, Wyandotte, Michigan; 42°13′27′′/-83°8′4′′<br />
Myxobolus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye<br />
Host: Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: PM, Michigan State University, personal observation, 2008; 83%; minp;<br />
Grassy Island, Wyandotte, Michigan; 42°13′27′′/-83°8′4′′<br />
Adult Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849<br />
Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934<br />
Synonym: Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Yeh, 1955; Bothriocephalus opsariichthdis Yamaguti, 1934<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Pimephales notatus: Marcogliese 2008; September 2002; pnp; minp; Grosse Ile, Michigan; 42°5′42′/-<br />
83°11′22′′<br />
Remarks: Bothriocephalus acheilognathi is an exotic species and is reported for <strong>the</strong> first time <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> area.<br />
280
Table 19. <strong>Fish</strong>es by family <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River <strong>from</strong> which<br />
parasites have been reported during 1895-2010 using parasite data in Table 18. References in<br />
paren<strong>the</strong>ses following parasites refer to reference for host records.<br />
ST. CLAIR RIVER<br />
Gobiidae<br />
Apollonia melanostoma (round goby)<br />
Ciliophora: Apiosoma sp., (Pronin et al. 1997)<br />
Myxozoa: Sphaeromyxa sevastopolis, (Pronin et al. 1997)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Rhipidocotyle sp., (Pronin et al. 1997); Clinostomum complanatum, (Pronin et<br />
al. 1997); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Pronin et al. 1997); Diplostomum sp., (Muzzall et al. 1995)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Pronin et al. 1997); Scolex pleuronectis, (Pronin et<br />
al. 1997)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Pronin et al. 1997); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Pronin et al.<br />
1997)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Muzzall et al. 1995)<br />
LAKE ST CLAIR<br />
Acipenseridae<br />
Acipenser fulvescens (lake sturgeon)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, (Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Amiidae<br />
Amia calva (bowfin)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (La Rue 1914)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Haplonema immutatum, (Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Cyprinidae<br />
Notropis hudsonius (spottail shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus burti (Cone et al. 2004, Cone and Marcogliese 2010)<br />
281
Table 19, continued.<br />
Salmonidae<br />
Coregonus artedi (lake herring/cisco)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis (lake whitefish)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Salvelinus namaycush (lake trout)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Centrarchidae<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (La Rue 1914)<br />
Micropterus sp. (bass)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Percidae<br />
Perca flavescens (yellow perch)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Ward and Magath 1916); Philometra cylindraceum, (Ward and<br />
Magath 1916); redworm, (adult Philometra cylindracea and or larval Eustrongylides tubifex); (Thomas and<br />
Haas 2004)<br />
Larval Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Synnestvedt 1997)<br />
Percina caprodes (logperch)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicolaria reducta, (Appy and Cone 1982); Myzobdella lugubris, (Appy and Cone 1982)<br />
Sander vitreus (walleye)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Gobiidae<br />
Apollonia melanostoma (round goby)<br />
Myxozoa: Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli, (Pronin et al. 1997)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b; Pronin et al. 1997);<br />
Diplostomum sp., (Pronin et al. 1997); Neochasmus umbellus, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b);<br />
Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, (Pronin et al. 1997); Digenea gen. sp., (Kvach and Stepien 2008b)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Scolex pleuronectis, (Pronin et al. 1997)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Muzzall et al. 1995)<br />
282
Table 19, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Pronin et al. 1997); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Muzzall et<br />
al. 1995); Philometra sp., (Kvach and Stepien 2008b); Spinitectus sp., (Muzzall et al. 1995); Spiroxys sp.,<br />
(Muzzall et al. 1995)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Muzzall et al. 1995); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus,<br />
(Kvach and Stepien 2008b)<br />
Proterorhinus marmoratus (tubenose goby)<br />
Ciliophora: Apiosoma sp., (Pronin et al. 1997); Chilodonella sp., (Pronin et al. 1997); Trichodina sp.,<br />
(Pronin et al. 1997)<br />
Myxozoa: Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli, (Pronin et al. 1997)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Pronin et al. 1997)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum sp., (Muzzall et al. 1995); Raphidascaris acus, (Pronin et al.<br />
1997); Spiroxys contortus, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b); Spiroxys sp., (Muzzall et al. 1995)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Muzzall et al. 1995); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Pronin et al. 1997); Southwellina hispida, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b)<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified fish species<br />
Adult Digenea: Unidentified trematodes, (Ward 1895)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Unidentified cestodes, (Ward 1895)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Unidentified nematodes, (Ward 1895)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Unidentified acanthocephalans, (Ward 1895)<br />
DETROIT RIVER<br />
Cyprinidae<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides (emerald shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus spp., (PM, Michigan State University, personal observation, 2008)<br />
Pimephales promelas (fa<strong>the</strong>ad minnow)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, (Marcogliese 2008)<br />
283
Parasite Species—Overview<br />
LAKE ERIE<br />
Results<br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 69 studies were found that reported a parasite species infecting one or more fish species<br />
<strong>from</strong> Lake Erie. These studies were conducted during 1914-2010, and <strong>the</strong> most studies by 10-yr<br />
period were done in 1970-1979 (Table 4). A total <strong>of</strong> 229 parasite species (1 Mastigophora, 5<br />
Ciliophora, 22 Myxozoa, 2 Microspora, 46 adult Digenea, 13 larval/immature Digenea, 1<br />
Aspidobothrea, 55 Monogenea, 24 adult Cestoda, 3 larval/immature Cestoda, 21 adult Nematoda,<br />
4 larval/immature Nematoda, 14 adult Acanthocephala, 6 Hirudinea, 13 Copepoda, 1 Mollusca)<br />
have been found in Lake Erie fish (Table 2). Although Allocreadium sp., Crepidostomum sp.,<br />
Leuceruthrus sp., Proterometra sp., Bucephalus elegans, Allacanthochasmus varius, Neochasmus<br />
umbellus, Sanguinicola sp., Centrovarium lobotes, Macroderoides sp., Eubothrium crassum,<br />
Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. pearsei, P. pinguis, P. stizostethi,<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus, T. stizostedionis, Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus,<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus, Philometra cylindracea, Rhabdochona sp., Acanthocephalus dirus,<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, Neoechinorhynchus sp., Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, and<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli were represented in both adult and larval/immature groups, <strong>the</strong>y are<br />
included in <strong>the</strong> adult category and only counted once. The parasites by taxonomic group and<br />
family, infecting fish <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie, are listed in Table 20.<br />
Protozoans<br />
Only one species <strong>of</strong> mastigophoran (Trypanoplasma catostomi) was found in one fish species,<br />
Catostomus commersonii. Four species <strong>of</strong> ciliates (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina<br />
domerguei, Trichodina urinaria, Capriniana piscium) occurred on <strong>the</strong> fins, gills and external<br />
surface <strong>of</strong> fish, except for T. urinaria in <strong>the</strong> ureters. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infected 13 fish<br />
species.<br />
Twenty-two species <strong>of</strong> myxozoans in three families were found. Five species <strong>of</strong> Henneguya and<br />
13 species <strong>of</strong> Myxobolus in <strong>the</strong> Myxobolidae have been documented. Many species, such as<br />
Henneguya doori, Henneguya rupestris, Myxobolus rotundum, are host specific to only one fish<br />
species or to a fish family such as Henneguya exilis and Myxobolus osburni. Unidentified<br />
myxosporans have been found in 38 fish species. All myxozoans occurred in non-intestinal sites.<br />
Only two species <strong>of</strong> microsporans were found–Glugea cepedianae is host specific to Dorosoma<br />
cepedianum and Glugea hertwigi to Osmerus mordax.<br />
284
Digenetic Trematodes<br />
Forty-six species <strong>of</strong> adult trematodes in 12 families have been found in Lake Erie fish. Most<br />
species occurred in <strong>the</strong> digestive tract, except for Bucephalus sp. (gills), Acetodextra amiuri<br />
(reproductive organs, swim bladder), Phyllodistomum spp. (ureters and/or urinary bladder),<br />
Alloglossidium corti (also ureters), and Sanguinicola occidentalis (circulatory system). Twelve<br />
species are in <strong>the</strong> Allocreadiidae with species in <strong>the</strong> genera Allocreadium and Crepidostomum<br />
being most common. Crepidostomum cooperi infected 10 fish species. Plagioporus cooperi<br />
infected 14 fish species, mostly cyprinids. Six species <strong>of</strong> Phyllodistomum have been reported<br />
<strong>from</strong> fish in five families. Several species, such as Allocreadium boleosomi, A. corti,<br />
Crepidostomum illionoiense, Polyekithum ictaluri, Paurorhynchus hiodontis, Phyllodistomum<br />
fausti, Allancanthochasmus artus, Lissorchis attenuatus, and Macroderoides spiniferus, are hostspecific<br />
to one fish species or family.<br />
Twenty-two species <strong>of</strong> larval/immature digenetic trematodes in 10 families have been reported.<br />
Six <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species occurred as immature forms and 14 species occurred as larvae encysted in<br />
several non-intestinal sites. Five larval digenean species were found in each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Diplostomidae<br />
and Strigeidae. Clinostomum complanatum was reported <strong>from</strong> 18 fish species, Diplostomum<br />
flexicaudum <strong>from</strong> 11 species, Diplostomum spathaceum <strong>from</strong> 10 species, Neascus sp. <strong>from</strong> 44<br />
species, and Posthodiplostomum minimum <strong>from</strong> 36 fish species. The fish hosts for <strong>the</strong>se larval<br />
trematode species represent several families. Unidentified species <strong>of</strong> Diplostomum have been<br />
reported <strong>from</strong> 53 fish species. Both Bucephalus elegans and Neochasmus umbellus occurred as<br />
larval and immature stages.<br />
Aspidobothreans<br />
Only one species <strong>of</strong> aspidogastrid, Cotylogaster occidentalis, was reported <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> large<br />
intestine <strong>of</strong> only one fish species, Aplodinotus grunniens, in three studies.<br />
Monogeneans<br />
Fifty-five species <strong>of</strong> monogeneans representing 10 families were reported, and 38 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species<br />
were in <strong>the</strong> Dactylogyridae. The genus Dactylogyrus is represented with six species. Most<br />
monogenean species occurred on <strong>the</strong> gills, except for Lyrodiscus longibasus (nasal cavity, skin),<br />
Lyrodiscus rupestris (fins, nasal cavity, skin), Lyrodiscus seminolensis (fins, skin), Lyrodiscus sp.<br />
(fins, nasal cavity, skin), Acolpenteron catostomi (ureters, urinary bladder), Dactylogyrus sp.<br />
(skin, also gills), Icelanonchohaptor fyviei (fins, skin), Icelanonchohaptor microcotyle (fins,<br />
skin), Pellucidhaptor angularis (fins, skin), Pellucidhaptor eremitus (fins), Pellucidhaptor<br />
microcanthus (fins), Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii (skin), Gyrodactylus macrochiri (fins),<br />
Anonchohaptor anomalus (fins, nasal, cavity, also gills), and Anonchohaptor muelleri (fins).<br />
Most monogenean species are host-specific to one fish species or family.<br />
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Cestodes<br />
Twenty-four species <strong>of</strong> adult cestodes in eight families have been documented <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> digestive<br />
tract <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie fish. Five species <strong>of</strong> caryophyllid cestodes in <strong>the</strong> Capingentidae,<br />
Caryophyllaeidae, and Lytocestidae were found in one cyprinid and several catostomid species.<br />
Twelve cestode species are in <strong>the</strong> Proteocephalidae (10 species <strong>of</strong> Proteocephalus).<br />
Bothriocephalus cuspidatus was reported <strong>from</strong> 8 species, Corallobothrium fimbriatum <strong>from</strong> 6<br />
species, and Proteocephalus pearsei <strong>from</strong> 9 fish species. Many cestode species (e.g.<br />
Bothriocephalus formosus, Haplobothrium globuliforme, C. fimbriatum, Proteocephalus exiguus,<br />
P. singularis, Triaenophorus nodulosus, caryophyllid cestodes) are host-specific to one or two<br />
fish species or to one fish family.<br />
At least 12 species <strong>of</strong> larval/immature cestodes in six families have been reported.<br />
Bothriocephalus sp., Glaridacris sp., Proteocephalus pearsei, Proteocephalus pinguis,<br />
Proteocephalus sp., and Triaenophorus sp. occurred as immature stages in <strong>the</strong> intestine.<br />
Bothriocephalid plerocercoids, and larval stages <strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium laruei, Ligula intestinalis,<br />
Schistocephalus sp., Sparganum pseudosegmentatum, and Triaenophorus nodulosus were<br />
encysted in several non-intestinal sites. Eubothrium crassum, Bothriocephalus cuspidatus,<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. stizostethi, and Triaenophorus sp. occurred as both larval stages<br />
encysted in non-intestinal sites and immature stages in <strong>the</strong> intestine. Larval/immature<br />
Bothriocephalus cuspidatus was reported <strong>from</strong> 8 fish species, immature Triaenophorus nodulosus<br />
<strong>from</strong> 15 species, larval Ligula intestinalis <strong>from</strong> 9 species, and larval Proteocephalus ambloplitis<br />
<strong>from</strong> 29 fish species.<br />
Nematodes<br />
Twenty-one species <strong>of</strong> adult nematodes in eight families were found in Lake Erie fish. Several<br />
adult species (e.g., Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus ancylodirus, Truttaedacnitis clitellarius,<br />
Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, Haplonema hamulatum, H. immutatum) are host-specific<br />
occurring in one fish species or in one family. O<strong>the</strong>r nematode species, however, infected a large<br />
number <strong>of</strong> fish species–Dichelyne cotylophora (9 fish species), Spinitectus carolini (12 species),<br />
S. gracilis (17 species), Rhabdochona cascadilla (11 species), and Camallanus oxycephalus (39<br />
species). All species occurred in <strong>the</strong> digestive tract, except for Cystidicola stigmatura (swim<br />
bladder), Philometra cylindracea (body cavity), Philometra sp. (body cavity, eye), and<br />
Philometroides nodulosa (cheek galleries, fins).<br />
Eleven species <strong>of</strong> larval/immature nematodes in seven families have been reported.<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Dioctophyma sp., Eustrongylides sp.,<br />
Spiroxys sp., and Philometra cylindracea occurred as larval stages encysted in non-intestinal<br />
sites. Larval Eustrongylides tubifex occurred in non-intestinal sites <strong>of</strong> six fish species.<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus occurred as both larval stages (encysted in coelom and mesentery) and<br />
immature stages (occurring in intestine) in nine fish species. Immature Capillaria catenata,<br />
Philonema sp., and Rhabdochona sp. infected <strong>the</strong> digestive tract.<br />
286
Acanthocephalans<br />
Fourteen species <strong>of</strong> adult acanthocephalans representing four families were found in <strong>the</strong> intestine.<br />
Three species are in <strong>the</strong> Echinorhynchidae, with Echinorhynchus salmonis occurring in five fish<br />
species. Eight species are in <strong>the</strong> Neoechinorhynchidae, with Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus<br />
reported <strong>from</strong> eight fish species. Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli and Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus<br />
infected 18 and 20 fish species, respectively. Neoechinorhynchus carpiodi, N. crassus, N.<br />
cristatus, N. tumidus, and Octospinifer macilentus are host-specific to one fish species or one<br />
family.<br />
Six species <strong>of</strong> immature acanthocephalans have been reported. Acanthocephalus dirus,<br />
Echinorhynchus sp., Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, and Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli infected<br />
<strong>the</strong> digestive tract. Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Leptorhynchoides sp. occurred in both <strong>the</strong> liver<br />
and mesentery. Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus occurred in <strong>the</strong> mesentery and intestine <strong>of</strong> 17 fish<br />
species. Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli was also found in <strong>the</strong> mesentery.<br />
Leeches<br />
Five species <strong>of</strong> leeches representing three families have been reported <strong>from</strong> several external sites<br />
on Lake Erie fish. Myzobdella lugubris and Piscicola punctata occurred on 5 and 10 fish species,<br />
respectively.<br />
Crustaceans<br />
Thirteen species <strong>of</strong> copepods in four families were documented in Lake Erie fish. Four species<br />
are in <strong>the</strong> Ergasilidae, with Ergasilus caeruleus reported <strong>from</strong> 21 fish species and E.<br />
centrarchidarum reported <strong>from</strong> seven species. Lernaea cyprinacea and Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi each<br />
has been reported <strong>from</strong> six fish species. All copepods occurred on <strong>the</strong> external surface or on <strong>the</strong><br />
gills or gill arches.<br />
Molluscs<br />
Glochidia <strong>of</strong> Anodonta sp. occurred on <strong>the</strong> gills <strong>of</strong> Lepomis gibbosus. Unidentified glochidia were<br />
found on <strong>the</strong> gills <strong>of</strong> 24 fish species.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analyses Overview<br />
<strong>Parasites</strong> have been reported <strong>from</strong> 89 (83%) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 107 established fish species (24 families) in<br />
Lake Erie (Table 21). Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species (66) were in six families–Cyprinidae (23),<br />
Catostomidae (9), Ictaluridae (7), Centrarchidae (10), Percidae (13), Salmonidae (4). The<br />
individual fish species with <strong>the</strong> most-reported parasite species were Perca flavescens (46),<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (43), Ambloplites rupestris (39), Carpiodes cyprinus (36), Catostomus<br />
commersonii (34), Ictalurus punctatus (34), Morone chrysops (31), and Notropis hudsonius (23).<br />
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Parasitological studies have been done only once on 19 Lake Erie fish species (Anguilla rostrata,<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis, Moxostoma anisurum, M. erythrurum, Esox masquinongy, Erimyzon<br />
sucetta, Ameiurus natalis, Noturus miurus, Lepomis cyanellus, L. humilis, E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum,<br />
E. exile, Nocomis micropogon, Umbra limi, Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush, Notropis<br />
anogenus, Cottus cognatus, and Morone americana) and 27 o<strong>the</strong>r species have been studied only<br />
twice (Acipenser fulvescens, Moxostoma macrolepidotum, Noturus gyrinus, Campostoma<br />
anomalum, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis buccatus, N. heterodon, Opsopoeodus emiliae,<br />
Pimephales notatus, P. promelas, Rhinichthys cataractae, R. obtusus, Hypentelium nigricans,<br />
Ameiurus melas, Esox americanus, Fundulus diaphanus, Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus, Lepomis<br />
megalotis, Ammocrypta pellucida, E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennioides, E. flabellare, E. nigrum, Percina<br />
caprodes, P. maculata, Minytrema melanops, Moxostoma aureolum, Apollonia melanostoma).<br />
Nine studies have been performed on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> Micropterus dolomeui, 10 studies each on<br />
Osmerus mordax and Aplodinotus grunniens, 13 studies on Morone chrysops, and 19 studies have<br />
reported on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens.<br />
Parasitological studies have not yet been conducted on <strong>the</strong> following 29 fish species <strong>from</strong> Lake<br />
Erie: Ichthyomyzon fossor, I. unicuspis, Petromyzon marinus, Lepisosteus oculatus, Hybopsis<br />
hankinsoni, Luxilus chrysocephalus, Margariscus margarita, Nocomis biguttatus, Notropis<br />
rubellus, Phoxinus eos, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Catostomus catostomus, Erimyzon<br />
oblongus, Ictiobus cyprinellus, Moxostoma duquesnei, M. valenciennesi, Noturus stigmosus,<br />
Pylodictis olivaris, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. kisutch, O. mykiss, O. tshawytscha, Salmo<br />
trutta, Aphredoderus sayanus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Myoxocephalus thompsonii,<br />
Chaenobryttus gulosus, Percina shumardi, and Proterorhinus marmoratus.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses<br />
The values for parasite species-richness and number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses)<br />
regardless <strong>of</strong> stage for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five major fish families were Centrarchidae (76, 10),<br />
Cyprinidae (47, 23), Catostomidae (54, 9), Percidae (64, 13), and Salmonidae (14, 4). The<br />
correlation coefficient between species-richness and number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined for each<br />
family using <strong>the</strong>se values for all five families was nonsignificant (rs = 0.300).<br />
<strong>Parasites</strong> only found in centrarchids were protozoans (Trichodina domerguei, Chloromyxum<br />
gibbosum, Henneguya ohioensis, Myxobolus gibbosus, M. inornatus, M. kostiri, M. osburni),<br />
adult digenetic trematodes (Caecinicola parvulus, Phyllodistomum lohrenzi, Proterometra<br />
macrostoma, Rhipidocotyle papillosum), monogeneans (Actinocleidus bakeri, A. oculatus, A.<br />
recurvatus, Clavunculus unguis, Cleidodiscus alatus, C. similis, C. uniformis, C. venardi,<br />
Gyrodactylus macrochiri, Lyrodiscus longibasus, L. rupestris, Onchocleidus chautauquaensis, O.<br />
ferox, O. helicis, Syncleithrium fusiformis, Tetracleidus banghami, T. capax, T. longus, T.<br />
stentor), adult cestodes (Proteocephalus fluviatilis), larval/immature nematodes (Spiroxys sp.),<br />
adult acanthocephalans (Pomphorhynchus rocci), leeches (Placobdella montifera), copepods<br />
(Lernaea cruciata), and molluscs (Anondonta sp.). Parasite species only found in cyprinids were<br />
protozoans (Ceratomyxa sp., Myxobolus algonquiensis, M. aureatus, M. burti, Myxobolus<br />
pendula, Thelohanellus notatus, Zschokkella sp.), adult digenetic trematodes (Allocreadium<br />
288
lobatum), larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Neascus rhinichthys), monogeneans<br />
(Cleidodiscus brachus, Dactylogyrus anchoratus, D. extensus, D. vastator, Pseudocolpenteron<br />
pavlovskii), adult cestodes (Khawia iowensis), and adult nematodes (Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri).<br />
<strong>Parasites</strong> only found in catostomids were protozoans (Trypanoplasma catostomi, Myxobolus<br />
bibullatum, M. conspicuous, M. rotundum), adult digenetic trematodes (Lissorchis attenuatus,<br />
Phyllodistomum lysteri), monogeneans (Acolpenteron catostomi, Anonchohaptor anomalus, A.<br />
muelleri, Cleidodiscus pricei, Dactylogyrus urus, Gyrodactylus spathulatus, Icelanonchohaptor<br />
fyviei, I. microcotyle, Neodiscocotyle carpioditis, Octomacrum lanceatum, Pellucidhaptor<br />
angularis, P. eremitus, P. microcanthus, Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, P. moxostomi), adult<br />
cestodes (Biacetabalum sp., Glaridacris catostomi, Hypocaryophyllaeus paratarius, Spartoides<br />
wardi), adult nematodes (Camallanus ancylodirus, Philometroides nodulosa, Rhabdochona<br />
milleri, R. ovifilamenta), larval nematodes (Philonema sp.); adult acanthocephalans<br />
(Neoechinorhynchus carpiodi, N. crassus, N. cristatus, Octospinifer macilentus), and leeches<br />
(Actinobdella inequiannulata). <strong>Parasites</strong> only found in percids were protozoans (Trichodina<br />
urinaria, Henneguya doori, Myxobolus scleroperca), adult digenetic trematodes (Allocreadium<br />
boleosomi, Bunodera sacculata, B. lucioperca, Prosorhynchoides pusilla), larval digenetic<br />
trematodes (Apophallus brevis, Tylodelphys scheuringi), monogeneans (Aethycteron malleus,<br />
Urocleidus aculeatus, U. adspectus), adult cestodes (Bothriocephalus formosus, Triaenophorus<br />
stizostedionis), larval/immature nematodes (Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus),<br />
and copepods (Ergasilus luciopercarum). <strong>Parasites</strong> only found in salmonids were adult cestodes<br />
(Proteocephalus exiguus, P. wickliffi), larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium laruei, Eubothrium<br />
crassum, Schistocephalus sp.), adult nematodes (Cystidicola stigmatura, Cystidicoloides<br />
ephemeridarum), and adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus tumidus).<br />
The parasite taxonomic groups, by numbers and percentages, for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five major fish<br />
families <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie are in Table 22. The parasite group(s) (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) most common in<br />
each fish family were: Cyprinidae (digenetic trematodes followed by myxozoans), Catostomidae<br />
(monogeneans followed by digenetic trematodes), Centrarchidae (digenetic trematodes and<br />
monogeneans), Percidae (digenetic trematodes followed by cestodes), and Salmonidae (cestodes<br />
followed by digenetic trematodes).<br />
The numbers and percentages <strong>of</strong> autogenic and allogenic helminth species (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) for<br />
each fish family, respectively, were Centrarchidae (32 species, 76%; 10 species, 24%),<br />
Cyprinidae (17 species, 71%; 7 species, 29%), Catostomidae (22 species, 76%; 7 species, 24%),<br />
Percidae (37 species; 77%, 11 species, 23%), and Salmonidae (7 species, 64%; 4 species, 36%).<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Parasite Communities—<strong>Fish</strong> Families<br />
The fish families and <strong>the</strong> species (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) involved in calculating Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong><br />
parasite-community similarity were Centrarchidae (Ambloplites rupestris, Lepomis cyanellus, L.<br />
gibbosus, L. humilis, L. macrochirus, L. megalotis, Micropterus dolomieu, M. salmoides,<br />
Pomoxis annularis, P. nigromaculatus), Cyprinidae (Campostoma anomalum, Carassius auratus,<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera, C. whipplei, Cyprinus carpio, Luxilus cornutus, Lythrurus umbratilis,<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana, Nocomis micropogon, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Notropis anogenus,<br />
289
N. a<strong>the</strong>rinoides, N. buccatus, N. heterodon, N. hudsonius, N. stramineus, N. volucellus,<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae, Pimephales notatus, P. promelas, Rhinichthys cataractae, R. obtusus,<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus), Catostomidae (Carpiodes cyprinus, Catostomus commersonii,<br />
Erimyzon sucetta, Hypentelium nigricans, Minytrema melanops, Moxostoma anisurum, M.<br />
aureoloum, M. erythrurum, M. macrolepidotum), Percidae (Ammocrypta pellucida, E<strong>the</strong>ostoma<br />
blennioides, E. caeruleum, E. exile, E. flabellare, E. nigrum, Perca flavescens, Percina caprodes,<br />
P. copelandi, P. maculata, Sander canadensis, S. glaucum, S. vitreus), and Salmonidae<br />
(Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush).<br />
The range <strong>of</strong> Jaccard coefficients among fish family pairs was 0.0140 (Percidae and Salmonidae)<br />
to 0.3168 (Centrarchidae and Percidae) (Table 23). The next highest coefficient was between<br />
Percidae and Cyprinidae (0.2375). Salmonids shared <strong>the</strong> fewest parasite species with fish in <strong>the</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r families.<br />
Parasite species or a specific genus found in two or more fish families (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) were<br />
protozoans—Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (6); adult digenetic trematodes—Allacanthochasmus<br />
varius (2), Azygia angusticauda (3), Bucephalus elegans (3), Centrovarium lobotes (3),<br />
Crepidostomum cooperi (5), C. cornutum (3), Cryptogonimus chili (2), Leuceruthus micropteri<br />
(5), Megalogonia ictaluri (3), Microphallus opacus (4), Neoechasmus umbellus (2), Plagioporus<br />
cooperi (2); Sanguinicola occidentalis (2), larval/immature digenetic trematodes—B. elegans (3),<br />
C. lobotes (2), Clinostomum complanatum (6), Crassiphiala bulboglossa (2), Diplostomum<br />
flexicaudum (6), D. spathaceum (9), Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (2), I. platycephalus (2),<br />
Neoechasmus umbellus (3), Posthodiplostomum minimum (10), Uvulifer ambloplitis (3); adult<br />
cestodes—Eubothrium crassum (2), Bothriocephalus claviceps (4), B. cuspidatus (4),<br />
Haplobothrium globuliforme (2), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (3), P. pearsei (4); larval/immature<br />
cestodes—B. cuspidatus (5), Ligula intestinalis (2), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (9), P. pearsei<br />
(3), P. pinguis (2), Triaenophorus nodulosus (5); adult nematodes—Hysterothylacium<br />
brachyurum (2), Camallanus oxycephalus (12), Dichelyne cotylophora (5), Philometra<br />
cylindracea (2), Rhabdochona cascadilla (4), Spinitectus carolini (4), S. gracilis (7);<br />
larval/immature nematodes—Raphidascaris acus (2), Camallanus oxycephalus (6),<br />
Eustrongylides tubifex (6), Philometra cylindracea (3); adult acanthocephalans—<br />
Acanthocephalus dirus (3), Echinorhynchus salmonis (4), Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (7),<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (2), N. rutili (3), N. tenellus (2), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (6);<br />
immature acanthocephalans—L. <strong>the</strong>catus (6), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (3); leeches—<br />
Myzobdella lugubris (4), Piscicola punctata (6); and copepods—Argulus appendiculosus (2),<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi (4), Ergasilus caeruleus (10), E. centrarchidarum (2), Lernaea cyprinacea<br />
(2).<br />
290
Discussion<br />
Lake Erie is <strong>the</strong> shallowest <strong>Great</strong> Lake and <strong>the</strong> second smallest in surface area, only Lake Ontario<br />
is smaller. Lake Erie has a mean depth (maximum) <strong>of</strong> 19 m (64 m), length <strong>of</strong> 388 km, width <strong>of</strong> 92<br />
km, and a surface area <strong>of</strong> 25,700 km 2 . Water flows <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie to Lake Ontario through <strong>the</strong><br />
Niagara River and <strong>the</strong> Welland Canal. Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (2000) listed 107 fish<br />
species that are established in Lake Erie. However, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined and not<br />
examined for parasites <strong>from</strong> this lake exceed 107 because several fish species examined for<br />
parasites were not listed as established species by Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (Anguilla<br />
rostrata, Cyprinella whipplei, Notropis anogenus, N. heterodon, Opsopoeodus emiliae,<br />
Moxostoma aureolum, Salvelinus fontinalis, Cottus cognatus, Sander canadensis, and S.<br />
glaucum), plus <strong>the</strong> one remaining discrepancy may be due to <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> synonyms for <strong>the</strong><br />
scientific name <strong>of</strong> a fish species.<br />
The study by Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988), involving 10 fish species, reported <strong>the</strong> most parasite<br />
species (123, not including agnaths)–Protozoa (11), Digenetic Trematoda (31), Monogenea (25),<br />
Cestoda (17), Nematoda (14) Acanthocephala (11), Crustacea (10), Hirudinea (3), and Mollusca<br />
(1). O<strong>the</strong>r prominent studies include Bangham (1972) and those by Crites and his co-workers in<br />
<strong>the</strong> Bass Island region <strong>of</strong> eastern Lake Erie. Only three studies (making up 5% <strong>of</strong> all studies) have<br />
been conducted since 1990.<br />
Pathogenic <strong>Parasites</strong><br />
Protozoans<br />
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina domerguei, T. urinaria, and Capriniana piscium occurred<br />
in heavy infections and are considered pathogenic to some fish species (Dogiel et al. 1958;<br />
Reichenbach-Klinke and Elkan 1965; Reichenbach-Klinke 1973). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis can<br />
cause weight loss and mortality in fish (Davis 1944; Elser 1955; and Allison and Kelly 1963).<br />
Trichodina spp. can cause severe hyperplasia <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gill lamellae and inflammation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ureters<br />
(Richardson 1938; Davis 1947; H<strong>of</strong>fman and Lom 1967). Dechtiar (1972a) reported mortality <strong>of</strong><br />
young Perca flavescens mainly to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Trichodina spp.<br />
Henneguya spp., Myxobolus spp., and Thelohanellus notatus are myxozoans that were found in<br />
<strong>the</strong> gills, kidney, muscle, mouth tissue, connective tissue, skin, cartilage, fins, heart, mesentery<br />
and bile ducts. These protozoans can cause weight loss and excessive damage to <strong>the</strong> gills, muscle,<br />
internal organs, and skin <strong>of</strong> fish (Dogiel et al. 1958; Reichenbach-Klinke and Elkan 1965;<br />
Reichenbach-Klinke 1973).<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> microsporans found, <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> Glugea hertwigi on Osmerus mordax was <strong>the</strong> most<br />
notable, especially in Lake Erie. Cysts <strong>of</strong> G. hertwigi were first found in O. mordax in Lake Erie<br />
in 1960 by Dechtiar (1965b). These cysts can be found in <strong>the</strong> intestinal wall, gonads, fins, viscera,<br />
and o<strong>the</strong>r organs. Glugea hertwigi is probably <strong>the</strong> most abundant and important parasite <strong>of</strong> O.<br />
291
mordax in Lake Erie. Mass mortalities <strong>of</strong> young-<strong>of</strong>-<strong>the</strong>-year and adult O. mordax caused by G.<br />
hertwigi have been reported by Nepszy and Dechtiar (1972) and Nepszy et al. (1978) in Lake<br />
Erie, as well as a similar mortality <strong>of</strong> adult O. mordax in Lake Ontario (A. Dechtiar, unpublished<br />
data). Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988) stated “We believe that <strong>the</strong> major contributing factor to <strong>the</strong>se<br />
mortalities was <strong>the</strong> high prevalence <strong>of</strong> G. hertwigi.” Nepszy (unpublished data) believed that<br />
infection <strong>of</strong> O. mordax by G. hertwigi was seasonal, with a peak <strong>of</strong> infection occurring in <strong>the</strong> fall,<br />
but fluctuations occurred monthly. Chen and Power (1972), however, did not report any<br />
mortalities <strong>of</strong> O. mordax infected with G. hertwigi in <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and Ontario. Glugea hertwigi<br />
has not been reported <strong>from</strong> O. mordax in <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan, Superior, and Huron. Of <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
microsporans, Glugea cepedianae has been reported to produce large xenomas in <strong>the</strong> viscera and<br />
cause mortalities in Dorosoma cepedianum (see Putz et al. 1965; Dechtiar 1972a).<br />
Digenetic Trematodes<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> adult digenetic trematodes, Crepidostomum sp., Acetodextra amiuri, Phyllodistomum spp.,<br />
Sanguinicola occidentalis, and Sanguinicola sp. can be pathogenic to fish if intensities are high<br />
(Davis 1937; Perkins 1951, 1956; Wales 1958b, Gleason et al. 1983). Clinostomum<br />
complanatum, Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum flexicaudum, D. spathaceum,<br />
Diplostomum sp., Tylodelphys scheuringi, Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, Centrovarium<br />
lobotes, Sanguinicola sp., Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, I. pileatus, I. platycephalus,<br />
Ichthyocotylurus sp., Neascus rhinichthys, Neascus sp., and Posthodiplostomum minimum are<br />
larval/immature digenetic trematodes that can be pathogenic to fish in several sites when <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
intensities are high (Meyer 1958; Kozicka 1958; Bychovskaya-Pavlovskaya and Petroshevski<br />
1963; Dukes 1975). Smi<strong>the</strong>rman (1968) reported that Lepomis macrochirus fingerlings had a<br />
significant reduction in growth when large numbers (>353) <strong>of</strong> metacercariae <strong>of</strong><br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum were present. Diplostomum spp. can cause lens discoloration and<br />
blindness, and emaciation (Shariff et al. 1980). Diplostomum spathaceum was reported to be <strong>the</strong><br />
causative agent <strong>of</strong> a mass mortality <strong>of</strong> Perca fluviatilis by Nümann (1972).<br />
Monogeneans<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> monogeneans, <strong>the</strong> ancyrocephalids, Dactylogyrus spp., Tetracleidus banghami,<br />
Syncleithrium fusiformis, Diclybothrium armatum, Gyrodactylus spp., Pseudomurraytrema<br />
copulatum, and Tetraonchus moneteron are potentially dangerous parasites to freshwater fish.<br />
They can damage <strong>the</strong> epi<strong>the</strong>lium <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gills, cause epi<strong>the</strong>lial hyperplasia and excessive mucus<br />
production, and provide portals <strong>of</strong> entry for secondary fungal infections (Mizelle 1938; Tripathi<br />
1959; Dogiel et al. 1958; Prost 1963; Lester and Adams 1974; H<strong>of</strong>fman 1976).<br />
Cestodes<br />
Plerocercoids (larval stages) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cestodes Triaenophorus nodulosus (in Catostomus<br />
commersonii, Morone chrysops, Perca flavescens), Ligula intestinalis, Schistocephalus sp.,<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Triaenophorus nodulosus, and T. stizostedionis occurring in <strong>the</strong> body<br />
cavity, pericardial cavity, mesentery, liver, spleen, and gonads can cause serious problems to<br />
freshwater fish (Esch and Huffines 1973; McCormick and Stokes 1982; Mahon 1976; Sweeting<br />
292
1976, 1977). Stromberg and Crites (1974a) reported that <strong>the</strong> plerocercoids <strong>of</strong> Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus cause triaenophoriasis that may contibute to <strong>the</strong> mortality <strong>of</strong> Morone chrysops in Lake<br />
Erie. Mortality <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens was caused by plerocercoids <strong>of</strong> Triaenophorus nodulosus (see<br />
Lawler 1969; Mat<strong>the</strong>y 1963).<br />
Nematodes<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> nematodes, adults (Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Philometra<br />
cylindracea, Philometra sp., Spinitectus carolini) and larvae (Hysterothylacium brachyurum,<br />
Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus oxycephalus, Eustrongylides tubifex, Eustrongylides sp.,<br />
Spiroxys contortus, Spiroxys sp., Philometra cylindracea) are considered pathogenic to fish when<br />
<strong>the</strong>y occur in high intensities (Jilek and Crites 1982; Poole and Dick 1984). Poole and Dick<br />
(1984) demonstrated that migrating larvae <strong>of</strong> Raphidascaris acus caused distortion or destruction<br />
<strong>of</strong> blood vessels <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens and found collagenous capsules around worms. Jilek and<br />
Crites (1982) reported that Spinitectus carolini caused simple infectious enteritis with<br />
inflammatory infiltration in <strong>the</strong> intestine <strong>of</strong> Lepomis macrochirus, with <strong>the</strong> most-intense tissue<br />
reaction occurring when <strong>the</strong> larvae completely penetrated <strong>the</strong> gut wall. Larvae <strong>of</strong> Eustrongylides<br />
tubifex and adults <strong>of</strong> Philometra cylindracea may play a role in reduced growth and high<br />
mortality <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens in Lake Erie (Allison 1966; Crites 1982; and Salz 1989). Crites<br />
(1982) indicated that <strong>the</strong> higher <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> Eustrongylides tubifex within an age-class <strong>of</strong><br />
Perca flavescens, <strong>the</strong> less <strong>the</strong> fish weighed. Salz (1989) noted that Eustrongylides tubifex may use<br />
some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lipid reserve <strong>of</strong> infected Perca flavescens.<br />
Acanthocephalans<br />
Adult acanthocephalans that cause problems in fish when <strong>the</strong>y occur in high intensities include<br />
Acanthocephalus dirus, Echinorhynchus leidyi, E. salmonis, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli,<br />
Pomphorhynchus sp., and Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus. They can cause inflammation and<br />
hemorrhaging <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intestinal wall that can reduce nutrient absorption (Bullock 1963; Schmidt et<br />
al. 1974). Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli and Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus can be harmful by<br />
damaging <strong>the</strong> mesentery and destroying visceral tissue leading to <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> connective<br />
tissue and fibrosis.<br />
Leeches<br />
The most-recent report <strong>of</strong> a leech infecting a fish <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie was Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
(1988). Actinobdella inequiannulata and Myzobdella lugubris can cause pathology to fish, with<br />
<strong>the</strong> former species damaging <strong>the</strong> gills and operculum <strong>of</strong> catostomids (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988;<br />
Klemm et al. 2009). Appy and Cone (1982) reported that Myzobdella lugubris eroded <strong>the</strong><br />
epi<strong>the</strong>lium and caused hyperplasia <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surrounding epi<strong>the</strong>lium when it was attached to <strong>the</strong> fins<br />
<strong>of</strong> Percina caprodes and Ameiurus nebulosus.<br />
293
Copepods<br />
Copepods (Argulus catostomi, Ergasilus centrarchidarum, E. luciopercarum), when <strong>the</strong>y occur in<br />
high intensities, can be pathogenic to fish (Schumacher 1952; Allum and Hugghins 1959; Kabata<br />
1970; Rogers and Hawke 1978). Copepod movements on <strong>the</strong> gills <strong>of</strong> fish can cause destruction<br />
and hypertrophy <strong>of</strong> filaments. Roberts and Janovy (2009) reported that large numbers <strong>of</strong><br />
Ergasilus can severly damage gill tissue, interfere with respiration, open <strong>the</strong> way to secondary<br />
infection, and lead to death.<br />
Molluscs<br />
Only Bangham and Hunter (1939), Bangham (1972), Dechtiar (1972a), and Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
(1988) have reported glochidia on Lake Erie fish. When present in high intensities, glochidia can<br />
damage <strong>the</strong> skin, fins, and gills, impairing respiratory function (Karna and Milleman 1978;<br />
Treasure and Turnbull 2005).<br />
Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients<br />
Fifty-five parasite species or a specific genus reported for two or more fish families make up 24%<br />
<strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> parasite species reported <strong>from</strong> fish in Lake Erie. These 55 parasite species have indirect<br />
life cycles, with fish becoming infected by eating infected intermediate hosts or paratenic hosts-<strong>the</strong><br />
exceptions being Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and <strong>the</strong> leeches and copepods that have direct life<br />
cycles. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species are digenetic trematodes (38%) and nematodes (18%). There are<br />
171 parasite species that are host specific to one fish species or a fish family in Lake Erie.<br />
Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> similarity for <strong>the</strong> parasite communities between individuals in <strong>the</strong> five<br />
major fish families were low, indicating fish in <strong>the</strong>se families share few parasite species. As was<br />
<strong>the</strong> case for Lake Huron, <strong>the</strong> highest coefficient involved <strong>the</strong> Percidae and Centrarchidae<br />
(0.3168), which are in <strong>the</strong> same order, Perciformes—<strong>the</strong>se families shared 32 parasite species.<br />
The next highest coefficient involved <strong>the</strong> Cyprinidae (Cypriniformes) and Percidae (0.2375).<br />
These low coefficients involving fish species among <strong>the</strong>se different fish families indicate: 1)<br />
many parasite species have phylogenetic host specificity, 2) fish species in different families do<br />
not occupy <strong>the</strong> same habitats or <strong>the</strong> habitats do not overlap much, and 3) <strong>the</strong> diets <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fish<br />
species do not typically overlap ei<strong>the</strong>r by food items or spatially in foraging areas. There was no<br />
monogenean species or protozoan species (except for Ichthyophthirius multifiliis) shared between<br />
fish in <strong>the</strong>se family pairings. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong> low Jaccard coefficients for parasite-community<br />
similarity among <strong>the</strong> centrarchids, catostomids, cyprinids, percids, and salmonids indicate that<br />
each fish family has its own characteristic parasite fauna.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Communities<br />
Only five studies (Ward and Magath 1916; Vergeer 1928; Hunter and Bangham 1933; Bangham<br />
and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a) have reported on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> salmonids in Lake Erie.<br />
These studies involved five salmonid species (Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, Coregonus sp.,<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush) and reported only 14 parasite species. The fish examined by<br />
294
Dechtiar (1972a) were collected in 1961-1969. Salmonids had <strong>the</strong> lowest percentage (64%) <strong>of</strong><br />
autogenic helminth species found compared to salmonids in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>. Cestodes were<br />
<strong>the</strong> most-common parasites <strong>of</strong> salmonids followed by digenetic trematodes.<br />
As for salmonids, digenetic trematodes, characteristic <strong>of</strong> warm-water lakes, made up <strong>the</strong> largest<br />
or second-largest percentage <strong>of</strong> parasites infecting fish in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r families. Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
(1988) reported that digenetic trematodes was <strong>the</strong> most-abundant group <strong>of</strong> parasites found in fish<br />
<strong>the</strong>y examined <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parasites found infecting cyprinids and percids were<br />
digenetic trematodes, most species in <strong>the</strong> centrarchids were digenetic trematodes and<br />
monogeneans, and mongeneans were most common in <strong>the</strong> catostomids.<br />
Although salmonid habitat is available in <strong>the</strong> eastern and central basins, most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake is warm<br />
and cool water and warmwater and coolwater fishes predominate. Most Lake Erie fish species<br />
examined for parasites were cyprinids (23 species) followed by percids (13 species). Only 47<br />
parasite species were reported <strong>from</strong> cyprinids–<strong>the</strong> lowest number except for <strong>the</strong> salmonids.<br />
Centrarchids and percids harbored 76 and 64 parasite species, respectively. The percent<br />
occurrence <strong>of</strong> autogenic helminth species was similar among <strong>the</strong> centrarchids (76%), cyprinids<br />
(71%), catostomids (76%), and percids (77%). Based on <strong>the</strong> fish species examined and <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
parasites found in <strong>the</strong>se species in each family, Lake Erie is characterized by having a mixture <strong>of</strong><br />
centrarchids, percids, catostomids, and cyprinids and <strong>the</strong>ir autogenic helminth species.<br />
Autogenic helminths dominated <strong>the</strong> parasite fauna <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie fishes. The autogenic helminth<br />
species found that mature in fish include larval/immature digenetic trematodes (Allocreadium sp.,<br />
Crepidostomum sp., Leuceruthrus sp., Proterometra sp., Bucephalus elegans, Bucephalus sp.,<br />
Allacanthochasmus varius, Allacanthochasmus sp., Neochasmus umbellus, Sanguinicola sp.,<br />
Centrovarium lobotes, Macroderoides sp.), larval/immature cestodes (Eubothrium crassum,<br />
Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, Bothriocephalus sp., bothriocephalid plerocercoids, Glaridacris sp.,<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. pearsei, P. pinguis, P. stizostethi, Proteocephalus sp.,<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus, T. stizostedionis, Triaenophorus sp.), larval/immature nematodes<br />
(Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Capillaria catenata, Philometra<br />
cylindracea, Philonema sp., Rhabdochona sp.), immature acanthocephalans (Acanthocephalus<br />
dirus, Echinorhynchus sp., Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, Neoechinorhynchus sp.,<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, Leptorhynchoides sp.). Of <strong>the</strong> allogenic<br />
helminth species found in fish, larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematodes (Clinostomum complanatum,<br />
Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum spp., Tylodelphys scheuringi, Uvulifer ambloplitis,<br />
Ichthyocotylurus spp., Neascus spp., Posthodiplostomum minimum, Apophallus brevis), larvae <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> cestodes (Ligula intestinalis and Schistocephalus sp.), and <strong>the</strong> larval nematode<br />
(Eustrongylides sp.) mature in piscivorous birds, larvae <strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium laruei and<br />
Dioctophyma sp. mature in mammals, and Spiroxys sp. matures in turtles.<br />
295
Table 20. <strong>Parasites</strong> reported in fishes <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie, 1914-2010. Host documentation, in order,<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> references; when observed (cdnp = collection data not provided); prevalence defined<br />
as <strong>the</strong> percentage (%) <strong>of</strong> fish infected (pnp = prevalence not provided); mean intensity defined as<br />
<strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong> parasites per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided); for <strong>the</strong><br />
Dechtiar et al. (1988) article, intensity <strong>of</strong> infection (L = light, 1-9 parasites per host; M = medium,<br />
10-49 parasites per host; and H = heavy, >50 parasites per host); location (lns = location not<br />
specified or incomplete), latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude/longitude not known).<br />
Mastigophora (Flagellates)<br />
Trypanosomatidae D<strong>of</strong>lein, 1911<br />
Trypanoplasma catostomi Bower and Woo, 1977<br />
Synonym: ?Trypanoplasma borreli <strong>of</strong> Mavor, 1915, 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii (Bower and Woo 1977; 1975; pnp; minp; Hamilton, Ontario; 43°15′0′′/-<br />
79°49′59′′<br />
Remarks: Bower and Woo (1977) suggested that <strong>the</strong> tentative record <strong>of</strong> Trypanoplasma borreli <strong>from</strong><br />
Catostomus commersonii by Mavor (1915) is a misidentification.<br />
Ciliophora (Ciliates)<br />
Ichthyophthiriidae Kent, 1881<br />
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, gills, external surface<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; cdnp; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 44%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 1%; minp; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 30%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 8%; H; lns<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 6%; minp; South Bass Island; Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
296
Table 20, continued.<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 7%; H; lns<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar 1972a; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 11%; H; lns<br />
Trichodinidae Raabe, 1959<br />
Trichodina domerguei (Wallengren, 1897)<br />
Synonym: Cyclochaeta domerguei (Wallengren, 1897)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: External surface<br />
Host: Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 1%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Remarks: Bangham and Hunter (1939) record Trichodina domerguei <strong>from</strong> Micropterus salmoides but<br />
report this species <strong>from</strong> Micropterus dolomieu in <strong>the</strong>ir parasite-host list.<br />
Trichodina urinaria Dogiel, 1940<br />
Synonym: Trichodina algonquinensis Li and Desser, 1983<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 7%; H; lns; llnk<br />
Trichodina sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 6%; H; lns; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 29%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar 1972a; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 5%; H; lns<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 7%; M; lns<br />
Trichophryidae Fraipont, 1878<br />
Capriniana piscium (Buetschli, 1889) Jankowski, 1973<br />
Synonym: Trichophrya piscium Buetschli, 1889; Trichophrya sinensis Chen, 1955; Trichophrya intermedia<br />
Prost, 1952; Trichophrya micropteri Davis, 1947; Trichophrya ictalurus Davis, 1942; Trichophrya<br />
salvelinus Davis, 1942; Capriniana aurantiaca Strand, 1926<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 9%; H; lns; llnk<br />
297
Table 20, continued.<br />
Capriniana sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxozoa (Myxosporans)<br />
Ceratomyxidae D<strong>of</strong>lein, 1899<br />
Ceratomyxa sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Viscera]<br />
Host: Notropis stramineus: Dechtair 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Henneguya brachyura Ward 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Cartilaginous fin ray<br />
Host: Notropis anogenus: Ward 1919; August 1898; 14%; minp; Put-in-Bay, Ohio; 41°39′30′′/-82°48′59′′<br />
Henneguya doori Guilford, 1963<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Henneguya exilis Kudo, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 82%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 19%; minp; South Bass<br />
Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 23%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 13%; M; lns; llnk<br />
298
Table 20, continued.<br />
Henneguya ohioensis Herrick, 1941<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Herrick 1941; 1933 and 1934; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Henneguya rupestris Herrick, 1941<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Herrick 1941; 1933 and 1934; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Myxobolus algonquinensis Xiao and Desser, 1997<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Connective tissue <strong>of</strong> ovary<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 26%; minp; western basin; 42°N, 82°W<br />
Myxobolus aureatus Ward 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Between fin membranes<br />
Host: Notropis anogenus: Ward 1919; August 1898; 23%; minp; Put-in-Bay, Ohio; 41°39′30′′/-82°48′59′′<br />
Myxobolus bartai Salim and Desser, 2000<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intracellular in striated muscle<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 80%; minp; western basin; 42°N, 82°W<br />
Myxobolus bibullatum (Kudo, 1934) Landsberg and Lom, 1991<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 44%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Myxobolus burti Cone and Marcogliese 2010<br />
Synonym: Myxobolus sp. <strong>of</strong> Cone et al. 2004<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Intracelleular in striated muscle<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 26%; minp; western basin; 42°N, 82°W; Cone and Marcogliese 2010, same infection<br />
data and information as in Cone et al. 2004<br />
299
Table 20, continued.<br />
Myxobolus conspicuous Kudo, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Skin<br />
Host: Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 33%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolus gibbosus Herrick, 1941<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Connective tissue <strong>of</strong> gill arch<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Herrick 1941; 1933 and 1934; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Myxobolus inornatus <strong>Fish</strong>, 1939<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; H; lns; llnk<br />
Myxobolus kostiri Herrick 1936<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Subcutaneous connective tissue in base <strong>of</strong> branchiostegal rays<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Herrick 1936; 1934; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Myxobolus osburni Herrick, 1936<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery, peritoneum<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Herrick 1936; 1934; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Herrick 1936; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Myxobolus pendula Guilford, 1967<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma pendula (Guilford, 1967)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 75%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolus rotundum (Meglitsch, 1937) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma rotundum<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 19%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 35%; M; lns; llnk<br />
300
Table 20, continued.<br />
Myxobolus scleroperca (Guilford, 1963) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma scleroperca (Guilford, 1963) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Sclerotic cartilage<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1965a; 1961-1963; pnp; minp; Canadian waters <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Perca flavesens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavesens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 10%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Myxobolus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 40%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar 1972a; 40%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar 1972a; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 42%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 35%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Remarks: Lom and Noble (1984) synonymized all species <strong>of</strong> Myxosoma with Myxobolus, which is<br />
followed here.<br />
Thelohanellus notatus (Mavor, 1916) Kudo, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Tissue<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; June 1993, July 1994, July 1998, September 1999, August<br />
2001, October 2002; 26%; minp; western basin; 42°N, 82°W<br />
Thelohanellus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Tissues]<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar 1972a; cdnp;
Table 20, continued.<br />
Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917<br />
Chloromyxum gibbosum Herrick, 1941<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gall bladder<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Herrick 1941; 1933 and 1934; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′)<br />
Unidentified Myxospora<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: External surface, flesh, gills<br />
Host:<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Bangham 1972; 1957; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1972; 44 %; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 14%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; H; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 4%; L-M; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Notropis stramineus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Pimephales promelas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; H; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 63%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Hypentelium nigricans: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Hypentelium nigricans: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Minytrema melanops: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Moxostoma aureolum: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 15%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 15%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 15%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 31%; L-H; western Lake Erie<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
302
Table 20, continued.<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 22%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Cottus bairdii: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; H; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 24%; L-H; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 17%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 16%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Microspora (Microsporans)<br />
Glugeidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Glugea cepedianae (Putz, H<strong>of</strong>fman, and Dunbar, 1965) Canning, Lom, and Dykova 1986<br />
Synonym: Pleistophora cepedianae Putz et al. 1965<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Viscera]<br />
Host: Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Glugea hertwigi Weissenberg, 1911<br />
Synonym: Glugea hertwigi var. canadensis Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1941<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine, intestinal wall, gonads, fins, muscle, viscera<br />
303
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Chen and Power 1972; April 1968-May 1969; 63%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1965b; 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964; pnp; minp; Port Dover; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0″<br />
and Wheatley; 42°6′0′′/-82°27′0′′<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 58%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 55%; H; lns; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Nepszy and Dechtiar 1972; 1971; 88%; minp; western and west central Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Nepszy et al. 1978; 1969; 90%; minp; Port Glasgow in central Lake Erie; llnk; to Port<br />
Maitland in eastern basin; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Nsembukya-Katuramu et al. 1981; 1976-1977; 36-78%; minp; Long Point, Ontario;<br />
42º75′5″/-84º46′1″<br />
Remarks: Glugea hertwigi may be <strong>the</strong> most-prevalent protozoan parasite <strong>of</strong> Osmerus mordax in Lake Erie;<br />
mortalities <strong>of</strong> smelt in Lake Erie have been attributed to this parasite.<br />
Adult Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Allocreadiidae (Looss, 1899) Stossich, 1903<br />
Allocreadium boleosomi Pearse, 1924<br />
Synonym: Allopodocotyle boleosomi, Homalometron boleosomi, Podocotyle boleosomi<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennioides: Bangham 1972; 1957; 60%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 17%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes : Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Remarks: Kuntz and Font (1984) redescribed this species as Allopodocotyle boleosomi.<br />
Allocreadium corti (Lamont, 1921)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September, 1973 and 1974; 21%; 49; South Bass<br />
Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Allocreadium lobatum Wallin, 1909<br />
Synonym: Allocreadium isoporum (Looss, 1894) <strong>of</strong> Canadian authors<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
304
Table 20, continued.<br />
Allocreadium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 50%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Bunodera luciopercae (Muller, 1776) Luhe, 1909<br />
Synonym: Bunodera nodulosa Froelich, 1791<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 13%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Bunodera sacculata (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Yamaguti, 1958<br />
Synonym: ?Bunoderina sacculata<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 10%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Bunoderina eucaliae Miller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Bunodera eucaliae (Miller, 1936)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Culaea inconstans: Bangham 1972; 1957; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Culaea inconstans: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 5%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Crepidostomum cooperi Hopkins, 1931<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum ambloplitis Hopkins, 1931; Crepidostomum solidum Van Cleave and Mueller,<br />
1932; Crepidostomum fausti Hunninen and Hunter, 1933; Crepidostomum laureatum <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904)<br />
and Cooper (1915) (partim); Bunodera nodulosa <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904) (partim); Crepidostomum cornutum<br />
(1915) (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 38%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 41%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
305
Table 20, continued.<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 66%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 27%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October; 1974;
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 32%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 28%; L;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Crepidostomum lintoni (Pratt and Linton, 1901) Hopkins, 1933<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum petalosum Lander<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Crepidostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1939; 5%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Polylekithum ictaluri (Pearse, 1924) Arnold, 1934<br />
Synonym: Allocreadium ictaluri Pearse, 1924; Allocreadium halli Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 6%; South Bass Island, Ohio,<br />
41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Azygiidae Luhe, 1909<br />
Azygia angusticauda (Stafford, 1904) Manter, 1926<br />
Synonym: Mimodistomum angusticaudum Stafford, 1904; Azygia loossi Marshall and Gilbert, 1905;<br />
Ptychogonimus fontanus Lyster, 1939<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Esox americanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 20%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 14%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/-82°27′0′′<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 14%; L; lns<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 11%; L; lns<br />
307
Table 20, continued.<br />
Azygia longa (Leidy, 1851) Manter, 1926<br />
Synonym: Megadistomum longum (Leidy, 1851); Azygia acuminata Goldberger, 1911; Azygia lucii <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper, 1915; Azygia tereticolle <strong>of</strong> Stafford, 1904<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Stomach]<br />
Host: Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 40%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Leuceruthrus micropteri Marshall and Gilbert, 1905<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 5%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 21%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 7%; L; lns<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Leuceruthrus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Proterometra macrostoma (Faust, 1918) Horsfall, 1933<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Esophagus]<br />
Host:<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 1957; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
308
Table 20, continued.<br />
Bucephalidae Poche, 1907<br />
Bucephalus elegans Woodhead, 1930<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Pyloric ceca]<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 55%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Bucephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Paurorhynchus hiodontis Dickerman, 1954<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Hiodon tergisus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 34%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Dickerman 1954; 1944; pnp; minp; sou<strong>the</strong>rn tributaries; Ohio; llnk<br />
Prosorhynchoides pusilla (Stafford, 1904) Eckman, 1932<br />
Synonym: Bucephalopsis pusilla (Stafford, 1904), Bucephalus pusillus Stafford, 1904; Gasterostomum<br />
pusillum Stafford, 1904<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 18%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 36%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Wolfert et al. 1967; 1962-1964; pnp; minp; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Rhipidocotyle papillosa (Woodhead, 1929) Eckmann, 1932<br />
Synonym: Gasterostomum pusillum <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1915; Bucephalus papillosus Woodhead, 1929<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
309
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 1957; 41%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 2%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cryptogonimidae (Ward, 1917) Ciurea, 1933<br />
Acetodextra amiuri (Stafford, 1900) Pearse, 1924<br />
Synonym: Monostomum amiuri (Stafford, 1900) Pearse, 1924<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Reproductive organs, swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 26%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Noturus gyrinus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 1957; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 15%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 21%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 14%; 7; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 21%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Allacanthochasmus artus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 1957; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 47%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Allacanthochasmus varius Van Cleave, 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 2%; 2; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 1957; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 50%; M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 70%; L-M;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 50%; M; lns; llnk<br />
310
Table 20, continued.<br />
Caecincola parvulus Marshall and Gilbert, 1905<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Cryptogonimus chili Osborn, 1903<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1957; 83%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 42%; L-M;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 27%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; M-H; eastern Lake Erie; 21%; M; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 23%; M; lns<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Remarks: The species name, chili, is sometimes misspelled chyli.<br />
Neochasmus umbellus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 24%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Kvach and Stepien 2008a; October-November 2006; 82%; 98; 80; Maumee Bay, Ohio;<br />
41°41′42′′/-83°23′95′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Gorgoderidae Looss, 1901<br />
Phyllodistomum fausti Pearse, 1924<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters, urinary bladder<br />
311
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, western basin; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Phyllodistomum lacustri (Loewen, 1929) Lewis, 1935<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters, urinary bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September; 1973 and 1974; 46%; 3; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 36%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 9%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 44%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Phyllodistomum lohrenzi (Loewen, 1935)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Urinary bladder]<br />
Host: Lepomis humilis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Phyllodistomum lysteri Miller, 1940<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 26%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 7%; L; lns<br />
Phyllodistomum staffordi Pearse 1924<br />
Synonym: Phyllodistomum folium (Olfers, 1816) (partim) <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1902); Phyllodistomum superbum<br />
Stafford, 1904 (partim); ?Phyllodistomum carolini Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum hunteri Arnold, 1934;<br />
?Phyllodistomum lacustri <strong>of</strong> Dechtiar (1972a) and Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 27%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
312
Table 20, continued.<br />
Phyllodistomum superbum Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: Phyllodistomum fausti Pearse 1924; Phyllodistomum pearsei Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum<br />
lohrenzi (Loewen, 1935) Bhalerao, 1937<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Phyllodistomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder, digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 64%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1972a; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Homalometridae (Cable and Hunninen, 1942) Yamaguti, 1971<br />
Synonym: Anallocreadiidae Hunter and Bangham, 1932<br />
Homalometron armatum (MacCallum, 1895) Manter, 1947<br />
Synonym: Distomum isoporum var. armatum MacCallum, 1895; Anallocreadium armatum (MacCallum,<br />
1895) Simer, 1929; Bunodera armatum (MacCallum, 1895); Anallocreadium pearsei Hunter and Bangham,<br />
1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 51%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 22%; L-<br />
M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 19%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Hunter and Bangham 1932; ncdp; pnp; minp; eastern basin; llnk<br />
Homalometron pallidum Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: Anallocreadium pallidum Hunter and Bangham, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 36%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
313
Table 20, continued.<br />
Microcreadium parvum (Simer, 1929)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, anterior intestine<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Lepocreadiidae (Odhner, 1905) Nicoll, 1935<br />
Megalogonia ictaluri Surber, 1928<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum ictaluri Surber, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 20%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Noturus miurus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 67%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 5%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 56%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 45%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lissorchiidae (Poche, 1926) Yamaguti, 1971<br />
Lissorchis attenuatus (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Krygier and Macy, 1969<br />
Synonym: Triganodistomum attenuatum Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 63%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 12%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 7%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1972; 40%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 15%; L; lns<br />
Moxostoma aureolum: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Macroderoidiidae McMullen, 1957<br />
Alloglossidium corti (Lamont, 1921) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Plagiorchis corti Lamont; Plagiorchis ameiurensis McCoy, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract, ureters<br />
314
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Noturus gyrinus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 44%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 45%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Glossidium geminum (Mueller, 1930) Yamaguti, 1954<br />
Synonym: Alloglossidium geminus (Mueller, 1930); Plagiorchis geminum Mueller, 1930<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Macroderoides spiniferus Pearse, 1924<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 67%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 56%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Macroderoides typicus (Winfield, 1929) Van Cleave and Mueller; 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Bangham 1972; 1957; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Amia calva (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; M, western Lake Erie, llnk<br />
Macroderoides sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Vietsoma parvum Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Bangam and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Microphallidae (Ward, 1901) Travassos, 1920<br />
Microphallus opacus (Ward, 1894) Ward, 1901<br />
Synonym: Distomum opacum Ward, 1894; Microphallus opacus ovatus Strandine, 1943<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
315
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 20%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925<br />
Centrovarium lobotes (MacCallum, 1895)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Esox americanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 20%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 29%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/-82°27′0′′)<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 21%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 3%; L; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 15%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 20%; L; lns<br />
Plagioporus cooperi (Hunter and Bangham, 1932) Price 1934<br />
Synonym: Allocreadium commune <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1915 (partim); Lebouria cooperi Hunter and Bangham, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 1957; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 56%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 12%; L;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Cyprinella whipplei: Hunter and Bangham 1932; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 16%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 32%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
316
Notropis hudsonius: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Table 20, continued.<br />
Notropis stramineus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 44%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis stramineus: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 43%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis volucellus: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 23%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Ammocrypta pellucida: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ammocrypta pellucida: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina copelandi: Hunter and Bangham 1932; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Sanguinicolidae Graaff, 1907<br />
Sanguinicola occidentalis Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Circulatory system<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar 1972a; 19%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 13%; L; lns<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar 1972a; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Sanguinicola sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Circulatory system<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 11%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 10%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 27%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 11%; M; lns<br />
317
Table 20, continued.<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified Trematode<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Allocreadiidae Looss, 1902<br />
Allocreadium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Crepidostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Azygiidae Luhe, 1909<br />
Leuceruthrus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Proterometra sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
318
Table 20, continued.<br />
Bucephalidae Poche, 1907<br />
Bucephalus elegans Woodhead, 1930<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 15 %; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Bucephalus elegans Woodhead, 1930<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 11%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Bucephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Digestive tract?]<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Clinostomidae Luhe, 1901<br />
Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Braun, 1899<br />
Synonym: Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Braun, 1899; ?Clinostomum gracile <strong>of</strong> Stafford<br />
(1904); ?Distomum gracile <strong>of</strong> Wright (1879)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Flesh<br />
Host:<br />
Campostoma anomalum: Bangham 1972; 1957; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis stramineus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Hypentelium nigricans: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 5%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Esox americanus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
319
Table 20, continued.<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis megalotis: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Remarks: Dzikowski et al. (2004) stated Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum are<br />
distinct species based on differences in ribosomal DNA.<br />
Cryptogonomidae (Ward, 1917) Ciurea, 1933<br />
Allacanthochasmus varius Van Cleave, 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Allacanthochasmus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Centrovarium lobotes (MacCallum, 1895) Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Flesh<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 29%; M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Neochasmus umbellus Van Cleave and Mueller 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Brain, eyes, muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Kvach and Stepien 2008a; October-November 2006; 100%; 10; 10; Maumee Bay,<br />
Ohio; 41°43′17′′/-83°24′16′′<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008a; 53%; 7; 4; Maumee Bay, Ohio<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 25%; 7; 2; Maumee Bay,<br />
Ohio; 41°43′17′′/-83°24′16′′<br />
320
Table 20, continued.<br />
Neochasmus umbellus Van Cleave and Mueller 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Morone americana: Kvach and Stepien 2008a; October-November 2006; 13%; 1; 0.1; Maumee Bay,<br />
Ohio; 41°41.423'N, 83°23.953'W<br />
Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886<br />
Crassiphiala bulboglossa Van Haitsma, 1925<br />
Synonym: Neascus bulboglossa (Van Haitsma, 1925)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Flesh<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis buccatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 55%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928)<br />
Synonym: Considered a synonym <strong>of</strong> Diplostomum spathaceum by some authors<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Eye]<br />
Host:<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 60%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Dechtiar 1972a; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar 1972a; 38%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 24%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 30%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1972a; 18%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar 1972a; 25%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1972a; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876<br />
Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819); Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1832 or<br />
Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1833 <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915); probably Diplostomum emarginatae Olivier,<br />
1942; Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928); Diplostomum indistinctum; Diplostomum gigas<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Lens<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 10%; L; lns<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 28%; 2; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
321
Table 20, continued.<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 17%; L; lns<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 21%; L; lns<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 13%; L; lns<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 32%; L; lns<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 20%; L; lns<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 20%; L; lns<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 10%; L; lns<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 58%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 18%; 5; 1; Maumee Bay,<br />
Ohio; 41°43′17′′/-83°24′16′′<br />
Diplostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Amia calva: Bangham 1972; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Bangham 1972; 52%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Campostoma anomalum: Bangham 1972; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Carassius auratus: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1972; 29%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 32%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham 1972; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis bucattus: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis heterodon: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 43%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1972; 38%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Opsopoeodus emilae: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1972; 19%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 38%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1972; 47%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Moxostoma aureolum: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 63%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
322
Table 20, continued.<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 62%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameirurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 66%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 36%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Esox americanus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1972; 67%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 59%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus: Bangham 1972; 22%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cottus bairdii: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 47%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis megalotis: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 51%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennioides: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 27%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Tylodelphys scheuringi (Hughes, 1929) Dubois, 1938<br />
Synonym: Diplostomulum scheuringi Hughes, 1929<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Brain or eye]<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Uvulifer ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927) Dubois, 1938<br />
Synonym: Neascus ambloplitis Hughes, 1927; Crassiphiala ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927) Hunter and Hunter,<br />
1931; Neascus wardi Hunter, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Flesh, skin<br />
323
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 29%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/-82°27′0′′<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 13%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 25%; H; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 17%; M;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; H; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 10%; M; lns<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 4%; M; lns<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 11%; L; lns<br />
Heterophyidae Odhner, 1914<br />
Apophallus brevis Ransom, 1920<br />
Synonym: Apophallus americanus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932; Apophallus itascensis Warren, 1953;<br />
Distomum sp. larva <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1915<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, gills, muscle, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 32%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Macroderoididae McMullen, 1957<br />
Macroderoides sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Esox americanus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Sanguinicolidae Graaff, 1907<br />
Sanguinicola sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 7%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Strigeidae Railliet, 1919<br />
Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (Rudolphi, 1809) Odening, 1969<br />
Synonym: Tetracotyle intermedia Hughes, 1928; Cotylurus erraticus (Rudolphi, 1809) Szidat, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Heart, kidneys<br />
Host: Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; M; lns; llnk<br />
324
Table 20, continued.<br />
Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802) Odening, 1969<br />
Synonym: Tetracotyle diminuta Hughes, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Kidney, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 39%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 36%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Ichthyocotylurus platycephalus (Creplin, 1825) Odening, 1969<br />
Synonym: Tetracotyle communis Hughes, 1928; Cotylurus communis (Hughes, 1928) La Rue, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pericardial cavity<br />
Host:<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 17%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Sander canadensis: Hughes 1928; March and April 1927; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ichthyocotylurus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pericardial cavity, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 1957; 63%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 51%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 5%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 6%; L; lns<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 4%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar 1972a; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 79%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cottus bairdi: Dechtiar 1972a; 60%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1972a; 16%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Ammocrypta pellucida: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
325
Table 20, continued.<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander canadensis: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 40%; M; lns<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 9%; M; lns<br />
Neascus rhinichthysi Hunter, 1933<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Flesh<br />
Host:<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 50%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Neascus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Flesh, liver, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Campostoma anomalum: Bangham 1972; 1957; 91%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Campostoma anomalum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 21%; M-H; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 75%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 26%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Nocomis micropogon: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis heterodon: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
326
Table 20, continued.<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis stramineus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis stramineus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 67%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Pimephales promelas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Erimyzon sucetta: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Hypentelium nigricans: Bangham 1972; 67%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Minytrema melanops: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Moxostoma aureolum: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Moxostoma aureolum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Noturus miurus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Esox americanus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 39%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis megalotis: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ammocrypta pellucida: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennioides: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 20%; L; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 28%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; M; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 21%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
327
Table 20, continued.<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina maculata: Bangham 1972; 80%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 31%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum (MacCallum, 1921) Dubois, 1936<br />
Synonym: Neascus vancleavi (Agersborg, 1926); Diplostomum cuticola (Nordmann, 1832) Diesing, 1850<br />
<strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904) and Cooper (1915); Posthodiplostomum cuticola (Nordmann, 1832) Dubois, 1936 <strong>of</strong><br />
Margolis and Arthur (1979)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery, muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Campostoma anomalum: Bangham 1972; 55%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Campostoma anomalum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 29%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 50%; L;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 51%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 29%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Nocomis micropogon: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 39%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 44%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis bucattus: Bangham 1972; 30%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar 1972a; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis stramineus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1972; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 48%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1972; 56%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; eastern Lake Michigan<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 5%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
328
Table 20, continued.<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 6%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 3%; L; lns<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 27%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 28%; L-M; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 21%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 24%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 83%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 21%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 11%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 65%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis humilis: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 34%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 30%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 83%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis megalotis: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis megalotis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 19%; M; lns<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 30%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennioides: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 44%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified metacercariae<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 19%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
329
Table 20, continued.<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified metacercariae<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Campostoma anomalum: Bangham 1972; 73%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 15%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 24%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 21%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham 1972; 59%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis bucattus: Bangham 1972; 40%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis heterodon: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1972; 17%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1972; 43%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 15%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham 1972; 67%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis humilis: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis megalotis: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennioides: Bangham 1972; 40%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham 1972; 29%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes semifaciata: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina maculata: Bangham 1972; 40%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
330
Table 20, continued.<br />
Aspidobothrea (Aspidobothreans)<br />
Aspidogastridae Poche, 1907<br />
Cotylogaster occidentalis Nickerson, 1902<br />
Synonym: Cotylogasteroides occidentalis Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Large intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 1%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Monogenea (Monogeneans)<br />
Ancyrocephalidae Bykhovski and Nagibina, 1978<br />
Ligictaluridus floridanus (Mueller, 1936) Beverly-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus floridanus Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus mirabilis Mueller 1937 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 55%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 22%; minp; South Bass<br />
Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 54%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 40%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Ligictaluridus pricei (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus pricei Mueller, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 12%; minp; South Bass<br />
Island; Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 57%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 14%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar 1972a; 74%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
331
Table 20, continued.<br />
Axinidae Unnithan, 1957<br />
Lintaxine cokeri (Linton, 1940) Sproston, 1946<br />
Synonym: Heteraxine cokeri (Linton, 1940)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 9%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, western basin, Ohio;<br />
41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Dactylogyridae Bykhovski, 1933<br />
Acolpenteron catostomi Fischthal and Allison, 1942<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters, urinary bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 5%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar 1972a; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 10%; L; lns<br />
Actinocleidus bakeri Mizelle and Cronin, 1943<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a 1961-1969; 67%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Actinocleidus oculatus (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1937<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus oculatus Mueller, 1934<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Actinocleidus recurvatus Mizelle and Donahue, 1944<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Aethycteron malleus (Mueller, 1938) Suriano and Beverley-Burton<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus malleus Mueller, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Percina caprodes: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 17%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
332
Table 20, continued.<br />
Clavunculus unguis (Mizelle, Stokely, Jaskoski, Seamster, and Monaco, 1956) Beverley-Burton, 1986<br />
Synonym: Actinocleidus unguis Mizelle and Cronin, 1943<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills?]<br />
Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 67%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cleidodiscus alatus (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1968<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 36%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Remarks: This species is an incertae sedis until fur<strong>the</strong>r living material is studied.<br />
Cleidodiscus brachus Mueller, 1938<br />
Synonym: Urocleidus brachus (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1967<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infecton: [Gills]<br />
Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cleidodiscus similis (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 45%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cleidodiscus uniformis Mizelle, 1936<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 63%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cleidodiscus venardi Mizelle and Jaskoski, 1942<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cleidodiscus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 68%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1972a; 26%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 17%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar 1972a; 30%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 17%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
333
Table 20, continued.<br />
Dactylogyrus anchoratus (Dujardin, 1845) Wagener, 1857<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Carassius auratus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 33%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 79%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Dactylogyrus buddi Dechtiar, 1974<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar 1974a; 1969; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cottus cognatus: Dechtiar 1974a; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Dactylogyrus eucalius Mizelle and Regensberger, 1945<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 50%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Dactylogyrus extensus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Synonym: Dactylogyrus solidus Akhmerov, 1948; Dactylogyrus hovorkai Kastak, 1957<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 83%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus ursus Mueller, 1938<br />
Synonym: Neodactylogyrus ursus Price, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 25%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus vastator Nybelin, 1924<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Carassius auratus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills, skin]<br />
334
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 80%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar 1972a; 43%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 59%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 61%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdi: Dechtiar 1972a; 60%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Icelanonchohaptor fyviei Dechtiar and Dillon, 1974<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Dillon 1974; 1968-1971; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 21%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Icelanonchohaptor microcotyle Kritsky, Leiby, and Shelton, 1972<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Lyrodiscus longibasus Rogers, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Nasal cavity, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1972a; 16%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 48%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar 1973; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Lyrodiscus rupestris Dechtiar, 1973<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, nasal cavity, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 23%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
335
Table 20, continued.<br />
Lyrodiscus seminolensis Rogers, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; Trenton, Ontario; 44°6′0′′/-77°34′59′′<br />
Lyrodiscus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Fins, nasal cavity, skin]<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Onchocleidus chautauquensis (Mueller, 1938) Murith and Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Tetracleidus chautauquensis (Mueller, 1938) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938; Urocleidus<br />
chautauquensis Mizelle and Hughes, 1938; Cleidodiscus chautauquensis Mueller, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 38%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Onchocleidus ferox (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Urocleidus ferox Mueller, 1934; Onchocleidus nucronatus Mizelle, 1936; Cleidodiscus ferox<br />
(Mueller, 1934)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 48%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Onchocleidus helicis Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus helicis (Mueller, 1936) Price and Mura, 1969; Urocleidus helicis (Mueller, 1936)<br />
Mizelle and Hughes, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Remarks: This species is an incertae sedis until fur<strong>the</strong>r living material is studied.<br />
Pellucidhaptor angularis Kritsky and Hathaway, 1969<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Pellucidhaptor eremitus Rogers, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
336
Table 20, continued.<br />
Pellucidhaptor microcanthus Kritsky, Leiby, and Shelton, 1972<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Pellucidhaptor sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 9%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 9%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii Bykhovskii and Gusev, 1955<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Skin]<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1971b; August-November 1969; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Syncleithrium fusiformis (Mueller, 1934) Price, 1967<br />
Synonym: Actinocleidus fusiformis (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1937; Ancyrocephalus cruciatus (Cooper,<br />
1915) Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus fusiformis Mueller, 1934<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 19%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Tetracleidus banghami Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus banghami (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970; 1975; 45%; M; lns; llnk<br />
337
Table 20, continued.<br />
Tetracleidus capax (Mizelle, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus capax Mizelle, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 78%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 95%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Tetracleidus longus (Mizelle, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus longus Mizelle, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 78%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 48%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Tetracleidus stentor (Mueller, 1937) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus stentor Mueller, 1937<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 26%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Urocleidus aculeatus (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ancyrocephalus aculeatus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932 Cleidodiscus aculeatus (Van Cleave<br />
and Mueller, 1932) Mizelle and Regensberger, 1945<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Sander canadensis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander glaucum: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 57%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Urocleidus adspectus (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus adspectus Mueller, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 33%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 56%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Urocleidus baldwini (Dechtiar 1974) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus baldwini (Dechtiar 1974)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1974b; 1969; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
338
Table 20, continued.<br />
Urocleidus chrysops Mizelle and Klucka, 1953<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus chrysops (Mizelle and Klucka, 1953)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 75%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 64%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Diclybothriidae Bykhovskii and Gusev, 1950<br />
Diclybothrium armatum Leuckart, 1835<br />
Synonym: Diplobothrium armatum (Leuckart, 1835)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 30%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-<br />
80°12′0′′<br />
Discocotylidae Price, 1936<br />
Neodiscocotyle carpioditis Dechtiar, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1967b; 1962-1966; pnp; minp; west end and east end; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 78%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 38%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Octomacrum lanceatum Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Octobothrium sagittatum Wright, 1879<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 51%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 20%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Octomacrum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Bangham 1972; 48%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
339
Table 20, continued.<br />
Gyrodactylidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Gyrodactylus bairdi Wood and Mizelle, 1957<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 70%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus macrochiri H<strong>of</strong>fman and Putz, 1964<br />
Synonym: Gyrodactylus elegans <strong>of</strong> Hargis, 1953<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus spathulatus Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 26%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 27%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: External surface, fins, gills<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns<br />
Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 25%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 45%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar 1972a; 21%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar 1972a; 30%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1972a; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Carassius auratus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 91%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/ -82°49′14′′<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 43%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1972; 71%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 42%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 47%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 90%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham 1972; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
340
Table 20, continued.<br />
Notropis bucattus: Bangham 1972; 60%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis heterodon: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1972; 41%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Opsopeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 30%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1972; 22%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 38%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 55%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 77%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 10%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cottus bairdii: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island; Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 44%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 95%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 88%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis humilis: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 95%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 30%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis megalotis: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 69%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 53%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 89%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 90%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennioides: Bangham 1972; 20%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; ncdp; 34%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 43%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
341
Table 20, continued.<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 16%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham 1972; 12%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina maculata: Bangham 1972; 20%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Mazocraeoidae Price, 1936<br />
Mazocraeoides olentangiensis Sroufe, 1958<br />
Synonym: Mazocraeoides similis Price, 1959<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 16%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Mazacraeoides sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Hiodon tergisus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 23%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Microcotylidae van Beneden and Hesse, 1863<br />
Microcotyle eriensis Bangham and Hunter, 1936<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 10%; minp; South Bass Island; Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1936; cdnp; 11%; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 6%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Microcotyle spinicirrus (MacCallum, 1918)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 58%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1936; cdnp; 11%; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 53%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 67%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Pseudomurraytrematidae (Kritsky, Mizelle, and Bilquees, 1978) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Anonchohaptor anomalus Mueller, 1938<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills, fins, nasal cavity<br />
342
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 9%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar 1972a; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Dillon 1974; 1968-1971; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 10%; L; lns<br />
Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 25%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 24%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 58%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Anonchohaptor muelleri Kritsky, Leiby and Shelton, 1972<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Anonchohaptor sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pseudomurraytrema copulatum (Mueller, 1938) Bykhovski, 1957<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 38%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 20%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 42%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 29%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 15%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Pseudomurraytrema moxostomi Dechtiar, 1972<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 21%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
343
Table 20, continued.<br />
Tetraonchidae Bykhovski, 1937<br />
Tetraonchus monenteron (Wagener, 1857) Diesing, 1858<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/ -82°27′0′′<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 58%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Adult Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Capingentidae Hunter, 1930<br />
Spartoides wardi Hunter, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 37%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 45%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Caryophyllaeidae Leuckhart, 1878<br />
Biacetabulum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 21%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 23%; L, lns<br />
Glaridacris catostomi (Cooper, 1920) Mackiewicz, 1965<br />
Synonym: Caryophyllaeus terebrans <strong>of</strong> Bangham and Adams 1954 (partim), Glaridacris laruei <strong>of</strong><br />
Bangham and Venard, 1946<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 31%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 48%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Hunter 1927; cdnp; pnp; minp; Silver Creek area, New York; 42°32′46′′/-<br />
79°10′9′′<br />
Hypentelium nigricans: Bangham 1972; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Hypocaryophyllaeus paratarius Hunter, 1927<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
344
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 63%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Lytocestidae Hunter, 1927<br />
Khawia iowensis Calentine and Ulmer, 1961<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899<br />
Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: Abothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779), Eubothrium oncorhynchi Wardle, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 13%; L;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Lota lota: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L-H; eastern Lake Erie; 100%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849<br />
Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze, 1782) Rudolphi, 1810<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 9%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 67%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns; llnk<br />
345
Table 20, continued.<br />
Bothriocephalus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917<br />
Synonym: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus luciopercae Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus hiodontos<br />
Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 70%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 16%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 16%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 88%; L-H; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; L; eastern Lake Erie; prevalence could not be<br />
determined; M-H; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 90%; L-H; eastern Lake Erie; 94%; L-H; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 53%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Wolfert et al. 1967; 1962-1964; pnp; minp; western basin; llnk<br />
Bothriocephalus formosus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 1957; 17%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Bothriocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Noturus miurus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Haplobothriidae Meggitt, 1924<br />
Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper, 1914<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 9%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
346
Table 20, continued.<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Corallobothrium fimbriatum Essex, 1927<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 1957; 38%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 16%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 45%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 77%; 22; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 29%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 52%; L-M; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 41%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Noturus miurus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Corallobothrium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 5%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Megathylacoides giganteum (Essex, 1928) Freze, 1965<br />
Synonym: Corallobothrium giganteum Essex, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 4%; 1; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 21%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 30%; L; lns; llnk<br />
347
Table 20, continued.<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 67%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Amia calva: La Rue 1914; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 1957; 16%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 38%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 24%; L; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 10%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 23%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 67%; L, western Lake Erie<br />
Proteocephalus exiguus La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ichthyotaenia laruei (Faust, 1920)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 67%; L-H; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 20%; L-M;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 25%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 67%; L-M; western<br />
Lake Erie<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; Erie, Pennsylvania;<br />
42°7′45′′/-80°5′6′′; and Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′<br />
Proteocephalus fluviatilis Bangham, 1925<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 1957; 12%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 5%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825) Nufer, 1905<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 40%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
348
Table 20, continued.<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 13%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 41%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 24%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 67%; L-M; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 9%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Proteocephalus perplexus La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Amia calva: Bangham 1972; 1957; 75%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Proteocephalus pinguis La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Esox americanus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Esox americanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 20%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 50%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 54%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Hunter 1929; 1928; pnp; minp; Buffalo, New York; 42°53′11′′/-78°52′42′′<br />
349
Table 20, continued.<br />
Proteocephalus singularis La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham 1972; cdnp; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 67%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus stizostethi Hunter and Bangham, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Sander canadensis: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; 6%; minp; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 10%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander glaucum: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 44%; minp; western Lake Erie; 58%; minp; eastern Lake<br />
Erie; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Connor 1943; November 1949-June 1951; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 20%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 27%; minp; western Lake Erie<br />
Proteocephalus wickliffi Hunter and Bangham, 1933<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 5%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 40%; L; western<br />
Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; Erie, Pennsylvania; 42°7′45′′/-<br />
80°5′6′′; and Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′<br />
Proteocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 4%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; minp; western Lake Erie<br />
Culaea inconstans: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; minp; western Lake Erie<br />
Cottus bairdii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; minp; western Lake Erie<br />
350
Table 20, continued.<br />
Triaenophoridae Loennberg, 1889<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1760) Rudolphi, 1819<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. type nodulosus <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1919 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 86%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/ -82°27′0′′<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 50%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Triaenophorus stizostedionis Miller, 1945<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 11%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Triaenophorus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 18%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified cestodes<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Lota lota: Ward 1937; December 1934; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Caryophyllaeidae Leuckhart, 1878<br />
Glaridacris sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Minytrema melanops: Bangham 1972; 1957; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
351
Table 20, continued.<br />
Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899<br />
Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: Abothrium crassum: Bloch, 1779); Eubothrium oncorhynchi Wardle, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine, mesentery<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 27%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849<br />
Bothriocephalus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917<br />
Synonym: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus luciopercae Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus hiodontos<br />
Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 5%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 4%; L-M;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 29%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; M; lns; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 16%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; M; eastern Lake Erie; 13%; L; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Cooper 1919; cdnp; pnp; minp; Port Clinton, Ohio; 41°30′43′′/-82°56′15′′; pnp; minp; Putin-Bay,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′30′′/-82°48′59′′<br />
Sander vitreus (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 12%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Bothriocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 6%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 40%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
352
Table 20, continued.<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October 1974; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 9%; L; lns<br />
Bothriocephalid plerocercoids<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Under peritoneum <strong>of</strong> stomach<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: Vergeer 1928; 1926 and 1927; pnp; minp; Sandusky, Ohio; 41°26′56′′/-82°42′28′′;<br />
and possibly o<strong>the</strong>r locations<br />
Diphyllobothriidae Luhe, 1910<br />
Diphyllobothrium laruei Vergeer, 1942<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Outside <strong>of</strong> stomach, inside stomach wall<br />
Host: Coregonus sp.: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Gmelin, 1790<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Coelom<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 15%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 13%;<br />
L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 9%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 44%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 4%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 45%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Mahon 1976; June; 1975; 33%; minp; south shore <strong>of</strong> Long Point; 42°32' N; 80°07' W<br />
Notropis stramineus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
353
Table 20, continued.<br />
Schistocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pericardial cavity<br />
Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Sparganum pseudosegmentatum<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: In stomach wall, among intestinal ceca<br />
Host: Lota lota: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; Toledo, Ohio; 41°39′50′′/-83°33′18′′<br />
Remarks: It is suggested this was a species <strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium.<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 20%; minp; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery, viscera, liver, spleen, reproductive organs<br />
Host:<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 78%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 7%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Cottus bairdii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 42%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 26%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
354
Table 20, continued.<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; M; eastern Lake Erie; 48%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 18%; L; lns<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; M; eastern Lake Erie; 42%; L-M; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 12%; M-H; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus sp.: Bangham 1927; 1923?; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennioides: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 17%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 22%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 4%; L-M; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 5%; L; lns<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham 1972; 12%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham 1972; 67%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 39%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 29%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
355
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Table 20, continued.<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 6%; L; lns<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Proteocephalus pinguis La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 41%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Proteocephalus stizostethi Hunter and Bangham, 1933<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 6%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 27%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 24%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales promelas: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 2%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/-82°27′0′′<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Culaea inconstans: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Cottus bairdi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977, June-October 1974,
Table 20, continued.<br />
Triaenophoridae Loennberg, 1889<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1760) Rudolphi, 1819<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. type nodulosus <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1919 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Carassius auratus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar 1972a; 40%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 10%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 13%; L;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 7%; L; lns<br />
Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 25%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 24%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 1957; 49%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Crites 1975; 1974; data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; South Bass Island, Ohio,<br />
41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar 1972a; 24%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 53%; L; lns<br />
Morone chrysops: Stromberg and Crites 1974a; May-September 1973; 51%; minp; western Lake Erie;<br />
Ohio; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Crites 1975; 1%; 1; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 4%; L; lns<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October 1974; 12%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Crites 1975; 12%; 1; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Crites 1982; 1978-1981; prevalence varied <strong>from</strong> 47% to 86% among 1978-1981; various<br />
mean intensities provided; Green Island; 41°38′45′′/-82°50′59′′; Rattlesnake Island; 41°40′45′′/-82°50′59′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 5%; L; lns<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham 1972; 67%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Triaenophorus stizostedionis Miller, 1945<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. <strong>of</strong> Miller, 1943<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Liver]<br />
Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
357
Table 20, continued.<br />
Triaenophorus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 4%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Triaenophorus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 29%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 39%; L;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified cestode<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in outer wall <strong>of</strong> digestive tract<br />
Host: Cyprinus carpio: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Adult Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Synonym: Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim)<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller 1934, Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis<br />
and Arthur 1979<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 21%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 42%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 13%; M; lns<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 4%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
358
Table 20, continued.<br />
Hysterothylacium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 8%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) Ralliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790;<br />
Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder,<br />
1800; Ascaris dentata (Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809); Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris<br />
Schrank, 1790; Ascaris mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel., 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder,<br />
1800; Fusaria dentata Zeder, 1800; Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci<br />
rutili Diesing, 1851; Trichina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola<br />
Linstow; Ascaris gracillima Linstow, 1890; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924; Hysterothylacium cayugensis<br />
Wigdor, 1918; Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis,<br />
1928; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918); Yorke and Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris gracillima<br />
(Linstow, 1890) Markowski, 1933; Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937;<br />
Raphidascaris laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Smith 1984; cdnp; 85%; 1-87; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Camallanus ancylodirus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 21%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine, rectum<br />
Host:<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 38%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 12%; minp; yoy; western basin; llnk<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Stromberg et al. 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; Buckeye Point; 41°39′54′′/-82°47′26′′;<br />
South Bass Island; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 53%; minp; yoy; western basin; llnk<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Stromberg et al. 1973; pnp; minp; Buckeye Point, South Bass Island<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 10% (1927); 2% (1957); 17% (1972); data separated by<br />
a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio, 41°26′56′′/-82°42′28′′<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 17%; minp; western basin<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Stromberg et al. 1973; pnp; minp; Buckeye Point, South Bass Island<br />
359
Table 20, continued.<br />
Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 1% (1927); 1% (1972); data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 1%; minp; western basin<br />
Notropis buccatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis heterodon: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 4% (1927); 1% (1957); data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 5%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 15%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 21%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 82%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Ictalurus puctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 17%; 2; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 3% (1927); 3% (1957); 16% (1972); data separated by a<br />
variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 1972; 16%; minp; western basin<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Osmerus mordax: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 4%; minp; yoy; western basin<br />
Osmerus mordax: Stromberg et al. 1973; pnp; minp; Buckeye Point, South Bass Island<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 37%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 37% (1927); 3% (1957); 8% (1972); data separated<br />
by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 8%; minp; western basin<br />
Lota lota: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 47%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops (adults): Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 47% (1927); 47% (1957); 95% (1972); data<br />
separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops (yoy): Crites 1975; 22% (1927); 64% (1972); data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 47%; M; lns<br />
Morone chrysops: Stromberg and Crites 1975a; August 1979-November 1973; pnp; minp; South Bass<br />
Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 1972; 64%; minp; yoy; 95%; minp; adult; western basin,<br />
llnk<br />
360
Table 20, continued.<br />
Morone chrysops: Stromberg and Crites 1974b, 1975a; 1975b, August 1970-November 1973; 1972; pnp;<br />
minp; western basin; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Stromberg et al. 1973; pnp; minp; Buckeye Point, South Bass Island<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp, South Bass Island; Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 12% (1927); 11% (1957); 27% (1972); data separated<br />
by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 27%; minp; western basin<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 4% (1927); 7% (1957); 11% (1972); data separated by a<br />
variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 11%; minp; western basin<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 10% (1927); 31% (1957); data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Lepomis megalotis: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 16%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 13% (1927); 8% (1957); 38% (1972); data separated<br />
by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 10%; L; lns<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 38%; minp; western basin<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 30%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 4% (1927); 18% (1957); data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 40%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 24%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 23% (1927); 40% (1957); 71% (1972); data separated by a<br />
variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 71%; minp; western basin<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 11% (1927); 31% (1957); 73% (1972); data<br />
separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 73%; minp; western basin<br />
Ammocrypta pellucida: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
361
Table 20, continued.<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma/Percina: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 16% (1927); 10% (1957); data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October 1974; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 2% (1927); 5% (1957); 48% (1972); data separated by a<br />
variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens (yoy): Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 2% (1972); data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 7%; L; lns<br />
Perca flavescens: Smedley 1934; 1933; pnp; minp; Port Stanley 42°40′0′′/-81°13′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 2%; minp; yoy; 48%; minp; adult; western basin<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 28%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham 1972; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina maculata: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 36%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 21%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Crites 1975; 1971 and 1972; 10% (1927); 21% (1957); 69% (1972); data separated by a<br />
variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 16%; L; lns<br />
Sander vitreus: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 69%; minp; western basin<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 15%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 45%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens (adult): Crites 1975; 40% (1927); 14% (1957); 51% (1972); data separated by a<br />
variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens (yoy): Crites 1975; 1972; 50%; data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables;<br />
Sandusky Bay; Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 14%; L; lns<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 50%; minp; yoy; 51%; minp; adult; western basin<br />
Unknown fish species: Kelly et al. 1989; cdnp; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
362
Table 20, continued.<br />
Capillariidae Neuve-Lemaire, 1936<br />
Capillaria catenata Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: Echinocoleus catenata (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Lopez-Neyra, 1947; Thominx catenata<br />
(Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Skrjabin and Schikhobalova, 1954<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Capillaria sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 21%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Skrjabin and Schikhobalova, 1954<br />
Synonym: Capillaria bakeri (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932); Hepaticola bakeri Mueller and Van Cleave,<br />
1932; ?Capillaria catostomi Pearse, 1924<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Notropis heterodon: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Dichelyne cotylophora Ward and Magath 1916<br />
Synonym: Dacnitoides cotylophora Ward and Magath, 1916; Cucullanellus cotylophora (Ward and<br />
Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 5%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 28%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Baker 1984a; May-October 1982; pnp; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Baker 1984b; 1982; pnp; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 54%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 49%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
363
Table 20, continued.<br />
Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October, 1974; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 6%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Smedley 1934; 1933; pnp; minp; Port Stanley; 42°40′0′′/-81°13′0′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 27%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Dichelyne robusta (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Petter, 1974<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 1957; 38%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 38%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 21%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 2%; 1; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Truttaedacnitis clitellarius (Ward and Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974<br />
Synonym: Cucullanus clitellarius Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975)<br />
Cystidicola lepisostei Hunter and Bangham, 1933<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 22%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; west shore between mouths <strong>of</strong><br />
Raisin and Detroit rivers; llnk<br />
Remarks: This species is a species inquirenda; <strong>the</strong> above record by Hunter and Bangham (1933) may be<br />
due to ingestion <strong>of</strong> infected salmonid fish by Lepisosteus osseus.<br />
Cystidicola stigmatura (Leidy, 1886) Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Filaria stigmatura Leidy, 1886; Ancyracanthus cystidicola <strong>of</strong> Wright 1879 not (Lamarck, 1801);<br />
Cystidicola sp. <strong>of</strong> White 1940; Cystidicola farionis <strong>of</strong> Ward and Magath 1916 not (Fischer, 1798);<br />
Cystidicola cristivomeri White, 1941<br />
364
Table 20, continued.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Ward and Magath 1916; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Hunter and Bangham 1933; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Ward and Magath 1916; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Remarks: Black (1983) reported that Cystidicola stigmatura is apparently absent in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> since<br />
1925; <strong>the</strong> above record <strong>of</strong> Cystidicola stigmatura in Salvelinus namaycush is probably valid; <strong>the</strong> above<br />
records <strong>of</strong> Cystidicola stigmatura in Coregonus spp. may be erroneous since Salvelinus spp. are <strong>the</strong> only<br />
hosts for this nematode species in North America (Black 1983).<br />
Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (Linstow, 1872) Moravec, 1981<br />
Synonym: Filaria ephemeridarum Leidy, 1872; Cystidicoloides tenuissima (Zeder, 1800) Rasheed, 1965;<br />
Sterliadochona tenuissima (Zeder, 1800); Metabronema salvelini (Fujita, 1920) Metabronema canadense<br />
Skinker, 1931; Cystidicoloides harwoodi (Chandler, 1931)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Salvelinus fontinalis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 63%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Spinitectus carolini Holl, 1928<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gastrointestinal tract<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Jilek and Crites 1981; June-October 1978, May-September 1979; 7%; minp; South<br />
Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 18%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 33%; L;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Jilek and Crites 1981; 81%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis humilis: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 66%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 32%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 93%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 41%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepomis megalotis: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
365
Table 20, continued.<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 55%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 32%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 15%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 2%; L; western<br />
Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Jilek and Crites 1981; 22%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Jilek and Crites 1981; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Jilek and Crites 1981; 9%; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Spinitectus gracilis Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gastrointestinal tract<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 1957; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Jilek and Crites 1981; June-October 1978, May-September 1979; 10%; minp; South<br />
Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 1%; 1; minp; South Bass<br />
Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 36%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 14%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 16%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Esox americanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops: Jilek and Crites 1981; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Jilek and Crites 1981; 31%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Jilek and Crites 1981; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Jilek and Crites 1981; 39%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Jilek and Crites 1981; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 19%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham 1972; 38%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 20%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
366
Table 20, continued.<br />
Spinitectus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926<br />
Philometra cylindracea (Ward and Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindraceum Ward and Magath 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body cavity<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Ashmead and Crites 1975; cdnp; pnp; minp; between Rattlesnake Island 41°40′45′/-<br />
82°50′59′′ and South Bass Islands; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 2%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October 1974; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Crites 1982; 1978-1981; prevalence varied <strong>from</strong> 35%-60% among 1978-1981; various<br />
mean intensities provided; Green Island; 41°38′45′′/-82°51′59′′; Rattlesnake Island; 41°40′45′′/-82°50′59′′;<br />
western basin; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 10%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 10%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Crites 1975; pnp; minp; between Green 41°38′45′′/-82°51′59′′ and Rattlesnake<br />
Islands, 41°40′45′′/-82°50′59′′; Sandusky Bay, Ohio; 41°28′44′′/-82°50′28′′<br />
Unknown fish species: Kelly et al. 1989; cdnp; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Remarks: The specimen found by Bangham and Hunter (1939) occurred in <strong>the</strong> digestive tract <strong>of</strong><br />
Aplodinotus grunniens.<br />
Philometra sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye<br />
Host:<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Crites 1975; June-October 1972, March-October 1973, April-October 1974; data<br />
separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; between Green Island; llnk; and Rattlesnake Island; 41°40′45′′/-<br />
82°50′59′′; Sandusky Bay, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 6%; L; lns; llnk<br />
367
Table 20, continued.<br />
Philometra sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Body cavity, ?eye]<br />
Host:<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Unkown fish species: Kelly et al. 1989; cdnp; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Philometroides nodulosa (Thomas, 1929) Dailey, 1967<br />
Synonym: Philometra nodulosus (Thomas, 1929)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Cheek galleries, fins<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a 1961-1969; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 7%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 7%; L; lns<br />
Quimperidae Baylis, 1930<br />
Synonym: Haplonematidae Sudarikov and Ryzhikov, 1952<br />
Haplonema hamulatum Moulton, 1931<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Lota lota: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 67%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Haplonema immutatum Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Bangham 1972; 1957; 75%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Amia calva: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin, 1946<br />
Rhabdochona cascadilla Wigdor, 1918<br />
Synonym: Rhabdochona sp. <strong>of</strong> Bangham, 1941 (partim) and <strong>of</strong> Bangham and Venard, 1946 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar 1972a 1961-1969; 70%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 25%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 50%; L; western<br />
Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 22%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Cyprinella whipplei: Gustafson 1949; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
368
Table 20, continued.<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 22%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus: Bangham 1972; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 38%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 50%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Rhabdochona milleri Choquette, 1951<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%, minp, lns, Ontario, llnk<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum: A. Dechtiar (unpublished data), pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk; Moravec and Arai<br />
1971<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: A. Dechtiar (unpublished data), pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk; Moravec and<br />
Arai 1971; Dechtiar 1972; 12%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Rhabdochona ovifilamenta Weller, 1938<br />
Synonym: Rhabdochona laurentiana Lyster, 1940; Rhabdochona fortunatowi <strong>of</strong> Kussat, 1969;<br />
Rhabdochona sp. <strong>of</strong> Arai and Kussat, 1967<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Rhabdochona sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 2%; 1; 0.01; Maumee Bay,<br />
Ohio; 41°43′17′′/-83°24′16′′<br />
369
Table 20, continued.<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified nematode<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Bangham 1972; 1957; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Moxostoma aureolum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 50%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Wolfert et al. 1967; 1962-1964; pnp; minp; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim)<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller 1934, Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis<br />
and Arthur 1979<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) Ralliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790:<br />
Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790: Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris Schrank, 1790; Ascaris<br />
mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel, 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata<br />
(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder,<br />
1800; Ascaris dentata (Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi, 1809; Agamonema leucisci<br />
rutili Diesing, 1851; Trichina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola<br />
Linstow; Ascaris gracillima Linstow, 1890; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924; Hysterothylacium cayugensis<br />
Wigdor, 1918; Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis,<br />
1928; Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris gracillima<br />
(Linstow, 1890) Markowski, 1933; Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937;<br />
Raphidascaris laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
Host:<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 11%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 8%; M; lns<br />
Anisakidae gen. sp.<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Apollonia melanostoma: Kvach and Stepien 2008b; October-November 2006; 2%; 1; 0.01; Maumee<br />
Bay, Ohio; 41°43′17′′/-83°24′16′′<br />
370
Table 20, continued.<br />
Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1913<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Cottus bairdii: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 36%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Coelom, mesentery <strong>of</strong> posterior intestine near urinary bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Stromberg and Crites 1974b; cdnp; 71%; minp; western basin; llnk<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Stromberg and Crites 1975a; August 1970-November 1973; 71%; minp; western<br />
basin; llnk<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Stromberg and Crites 1975b; 1972; 71%; minp; western basin; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Crites 1976; July 1975; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Unknown fish species: Kelly et al. 1989; cdnp; pnp; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Capillariidae Neuve-Lemaire, 1936<br />
Capillaria catenata Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: Echinocoleus catenata (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Lopez-Neyra, 1947; Thomnix catenata<br />
(Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Skrjabin and Schikhobalova, 1954<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Posterior intestine<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
371
Table 20, continued.<br />
Dioctophymatidae Railliet, 1915/Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915<br />
Dioctophyma sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body cavity<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 4%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Remarks: This may be <strong>the</strong> only report <strong>of</strong> Dioctophyma in a fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915<br />
Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch, 1819) Jagerskiold, 1909<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Larvae encapsulated in mesentery; surface <strong>of</strong> ovaries, testes, liver, spleen and<br />
gastrointestinal tract; free in body cavity, viscera, and muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 6%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 15%; 3; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Crites 1975; 1973 and 1974; data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; western<br />
basin, Ohio; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 8%; L; lns<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Cooper et al. 1978b; 1973 and 1974; 15%; minp presented by size class; western basin;<br />
llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 4%; L; lns<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Cooper et al. 1978b; pnp and minp presented by size class; western basin<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Crites 1975; 1974; data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 5%; L; lns<br />
Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October; 1974; 41%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1978b; pnp and minp presented by size class; western basin<br />
Perca flavescens: Crites 1975; 1972; data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; between Green Island,<br />
41°38′45′′/-82°51′59′′, and Rattlesnake Island, 41°40′45′′/-82°50′59′′; Sandusky Bay, Ohio; 41°26′36′′/-<br />
82°42′28′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Crites 1982; 1978-1981; prevalence varied <strong>from</strong> 34%-46% among 1978-1981; various<br />
mean intensities provided; Green, 41°38′45′′/-82°50′59′′, and Rattlesnake, 41°40′45′′/-82°50′59′′, Islands;<br />
western basin; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 50%; L; lns<br />
Perca flavescens: Measures 1988a; 1984; 42%; 2; western basin; llnk; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/-<br />
82°27′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Sprinkle Fastzkie and Crites 1977; 1971 and 1972; pnp; minp; western basin; llnk<br />
372
Table 20, continued.<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Cooper et al. 1978b; pnp and minp presented by size class; western basin<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Crites 1975; 1973; data separated by a variety <strong>of</strong> fish variables; western basin,<br />
Ohio; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 6%; L; lns<br />
Unknown fish species: Measures 1988b; 1984; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Eustrongylides sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body cavity, intestine, intestinal wall, musculature, viscera<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1978a; 1972-1975; pnp; minp; western Lake Erie, Ohio; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander canadensis: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 55%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Gnathostomatidae Lane, 1923<br />
Spiroxys contortus (Rudolphi, 1819)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 18%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Spiroxys sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery, viscera<br />
Host:<br />
Umbra limi: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 67%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 13%; L, lns<br />
373
Table 20, continued.<br />
Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926<br />
Philometra cylindracea (Ward and Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindraceum Ward and Magath 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Body cavity, peritoneum]<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 27%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Philonema sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Minytrema melanops: Bangham 1972; 1957; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Remarks: This is <strong>the</strong> only report <strong>of</strong> Philonema in a fish <strong>from</strong> a <strong>Great</strong> Lake.<br />
Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin 1946<br />
Rhabdochona sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 1957; 12%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Agamonema sp.<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 100%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Carassius auratus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 27%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Nocomis micropogon: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis heterodon: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
374
Table 20, continued.<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Culaea inconstans: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 21%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 12%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ammocrypta pellucida: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 38%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Remarks: Yorke and Maplestone (1926) define Agamonema as a collective group for immature nematodes<br />
in fishes.<br />
Agamonema sp.<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery, spleen<br />
Host:<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 12%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Morone chrysops (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11% L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 71%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 15%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Remarks: Yorke and Maplestone (1926) defined Agamonema as a collective group for immature nematodes<br />
in fishes.<br />
375
Table 20, continued.<br />
Superfamily Spiruroidea<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, large intestine<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 12%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′)<br />
Superfamily Spiruroidea<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder wall<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′)<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified nematode<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis megalotis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Unidentified nematode<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in gills<br />
Host:<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Bangham 1972; 1957; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Adult Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans)<br />
Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876<br />
Acanthocephalus dirus (Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave and Townsend, 1936<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus dirus Van Cleave, 1931; Acanthocephalus jacksoni Bullock, 1962;<br />
Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin 1975, 1977<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Bangham 1972; 1957; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 9%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 27%; M; lns<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 7%; L; lns<br />
376
Table 20, continued.<br />
Echinorhynchus leidyi (Van Cleave, 1924) Golvan, 1969<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus salvelini Linkins in Ward and Whipple, 1918; Metechinorhynchus leidyi (Van<br />
Cleave, 1924) Golvan, 1969<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Lota lota: Ward 1937; December 1934; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis (Muller, 1784) Petrochenko, 1956<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919; Echinorhynchus pachysomus,<br />
Echinorhynchus phoenix, Echinorhynchus inflatus, Echinorhynchus maraenae, Echinorhynchus murenae,<br />
Metechinorhynchus alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis (Muller, 1784) Petrochenko, 1956<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 57%; minp; Wheatley, Ontario; 42°6′0′′/-82°48′59′′<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 17%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Bangham 1972; cdnp; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar 1972a; 31%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 29%; M; lns<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar 1972a; 83%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; llnk;<br />
100%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′<br />
Lota lota: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Lota lota: Ward 1937; December 1934; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917<br />
Synonym: Hebesomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebesomatidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Neoechinorhynchus carpiodi Dechtiar, 1968<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1968; summers <strong>of</strong> 1964 and 1965; 25%; minp; west end; Wheatley area;<br />
42°6′0′′/-82°27′0′′; east end, Port Dover; 42°46′59′′/-80°12′0′′<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 31%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 6%; M; lns; llnk<br />
377
Table 20, continued.<br />
Neoechinorhynchus crassus Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bagham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 50%; L-M; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 13%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Van Cleave 1949; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cristatus Lynch, 1936<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 26%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Neorhynchus cylindratus Van Cleave, 1913; Eorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van<br />
Cleave, 1914<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 2%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 36%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 20%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 54%; L-M; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Cooper et al. 1977; June-October 1974; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 20%; M; lns<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
378
Table 20, continued.<br />
Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Mueller, 1780) Hamann, 1892<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus tuberosus Zider, 1803<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 17%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973-1974; 3%; 6; South Bass Island, Ohio;<br />
41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 5%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 2%; L; lns<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tenellus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Neorhynchus tenellus Van Cleave, 1913<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 33%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 7%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 33%; M; lns<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 25%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′′/-<br />
80°12′0′′<br />
Neoechinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
379
Table 20, continued.<br />
Octospinifer macilentus Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Octospinifer <strong>of</strong> Mudry and Arai, 1973; Octospinifer <strong>of</strong> Mudry and Anderson, 1976<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1972; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 23%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 13%;<br />
L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 43%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Van Cleave 1949; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Moxostoma aureolum: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Hiodon tergisus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 42%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Notropis volucellus: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 7%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 25%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 13%; L; lns<br />
Hypentelium nigrican: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Minytrema melanops: Bangham 1972; 50%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Moxostoma anisurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 25%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum: Dechtiar 1972a; 29%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar 1972a; 64%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 27%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibossus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 10%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieui: Dechtiar 1972a; 30%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar 1972a; 4%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 24%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
380
Table 20, continued.<br />
Pomphorhynchus rocci Cordonnier and Ward, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 5%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Remarks: This is <strong>the</strong> only report <strong>of</strong> Pomphorhynchus rocci in a fish <strong>from</strong> a <strong>Great</strong> Lake; this species usually<br />
occurs in estuarine and marine fishes.<br />
Pomphorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host:<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 11%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Amia calva: Bangham 1972; 1957; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Amia calva: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 25%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 17%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 22%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 27%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 41%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; eastern and western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 61%; L-H; eastern Lake Erie; 69%; L-M; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 44%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 17%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
381
Table 20, continued.<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 29%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 3%; L; lns<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 54%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 3%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 16%; L; lns<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 5%; L; lns<br />
Immature Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans)<br />
Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876<br />
Acanthocephalus dirus (Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave and Townsend, 1936<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus dirus Van Cleave, 1931; Acanthocephalus jacksoni Bullock, 1962;<br />
Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin 1975, 1977<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 21%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Echinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 7%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917<br />
Synonym: Hebesomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebesomatidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Neorhynchus cylindratus Van Cleave, 1913; Eorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Lota lota: Ward 1937; December 1934; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery<br />
Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 41%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
382
Table 20, continued.<br />
Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 24%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 10%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 5%; L; lns<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 10%; L; lns<br />
Pomphorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Digestive tract<br />
Host: Carassius auratus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 9%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Lota lota: Ward 1937; December 1934; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/ -<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 5%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 14%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Noturus flavus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 27%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 17%; L; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
383
Table 20, continued.<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 9%; L; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 30%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare: Bangham 1972; 14%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 21%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 54%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 19%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 100%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Leptorhynchoides sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 10%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Hirudinea (Leeches)<br />
Glossiphoniidae Vaillant, 1890<br />
Actinobdella inequiannulata Moore, 1901<br />
Synonym: Actinobdella triannulata Moore, 1924; Actinobdella triannulata Daniels and Freeman, 1976<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gill cavity]<br />
Host: Carpiodes cyprinus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 13%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Actinobdella pediculata (Hemmingway, 1908)<br />
Synonym: ?Placobdella pediculata Hemmingway, 1912; ?Haementaria pediculata Autrum, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Inner wall <strong>of</strong> operculum<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Bur 1994; 1991-1993; 9%; 2; western Lake Erie; lns<br />
Actinobdella sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Anal fin<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Bower and Woo 1977; 1975; 1%; 1; Hamilton, Ontario; 43°15′0′′/-<br />
79°49′59′′<br />
384
Table 20, continued.<br />
Hirudinidae Whitman, 1886<br />
Macrobdella decora (Say, 1824) Verrill, 1872)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Operculum<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Piscicolidae Johnston, 1865<br />
Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851<br />
Synonym: Cystobranchus virginicus Paperna and Zwerner, 1974; Ichthyobdella funduli Verrill, 1872;<br />
Ichthyobdella rapax Wass, 1972; Ichthyobdella richardsoni Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella alba Meyer, 1940;<br />
Myzobdella alba Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella elongata Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella moorei Meyer, 1940;<br />
Myzobdella lugubris Pearse, 1948; Myzobdella moorei (Meyer, 1940) Meyer and Moore, 1954<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pectoral, anal, caudal fins, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 3%; 2; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 9%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 10%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 5%; L; lns<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 20%; L; lns<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar 1972a; 19%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 58% for all leeches; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio;<br />
41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Myzobdella sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Fins]<br />
Host:<br />
Campostoma anomalum: Bangham 1972; 1957; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 3%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Ameiurus natalis: Bangham 1972; 15%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 8%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
385
Table 20, continued.<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 19%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Vendeland 1968; 1967; 58% for all leeches; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio;<br />
41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Piscicola punctata (Verrill, 1871) Moore, 1912<br />
Synonym: Ichthyobdella punctata (Verrill, 1871)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: External surface<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinella whipplei: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 2%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ameiurus melas: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 16%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lota lota: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 43%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 20%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 2%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Placobdella montifera Moore, 1906<br />
Synonym: Placobdella parasitica Amin 1977<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: External surface<br />
Host: Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 1%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Copepoda (Copepods)<br />
Argulidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Argulus appendiculosus Wilson, 1907<br />
Synonym: Argulus biramosus<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
?Ameiurus nebulosus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus puntatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 7%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Argulus catostomi Dana and Herrick, 1837<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Skin<br />
386
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 6%; L; lns<br />
Argulus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [External surface]<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-<br />
82°49′14′′<br />
Ergasilidae Nordmann, 1832<br />
Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabini Mueller, 1937<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Notropis bucattus: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 5%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 13%; L; lns<br />
Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar 1972a; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1972a; 14%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 11%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 38%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 19%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tidd 1931; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 29%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island; Ohio<br />
Sander canadensis: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 9%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
387
Table 20, continued.<br />
Sander glaucum: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Sander glaucum: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 30%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 73%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 7%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 13%; L-M; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 20%; L; lns<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Remarks: Records <strong>of</strong> Ergasilus caeruleus on fish hosts before Roberts (1970) should be treated with<br />
caution.<br />
Ergasilus centrarchidarum (Wright, 1882) Wilson, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 10%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 8%; M;<br />
western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 1957; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 18%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie; 7%; L; western Lake<br />
Erie; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 31%; lns; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 5%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 6%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; eastern Lake Erie; 8%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 70%; L-M; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Sander glaucum: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 100%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 40%; M; eastern Lake Erie<br />
Ergasilus cotti Kellicott, 1879<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
388
Table 20, continued.<br />
Ergasilus luciopercarum Henderson, 1926<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabini Mueller, 1936; Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson<br />
in Mueller, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 22%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 53%; M; lns<br />
Ergasilus versicolor Wilson, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus elegans Wilson, 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 64%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 48%; 5; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 51%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 14%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 51%; M; lns; llnk<br />
Noturus gyrinus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 100%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Ergasilus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Cottus bairdii: Bangham 1972; 1957; 67%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Lernaeidae Cobbold, 1879<br />
Lernaea catostomi (Kroyer, 1863)<br />
Synonyn: Lernaea tortua Kellicott, 1882<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Notropis stramineus: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
389
Table 20, continued.<br />
Lernaea cruciata (LeSeuer, 1824)<br />
Synonym: Lernaeocera cruciata<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Head embedded in musculature with body protruding externally]<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 1957; 28%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758<br />
Synonym: Lernaea elegans Leigh-Sharpe, 1925; Lernaeocera esocina Hermann, 1783; Lernaea carasii<br />
Tidd, 1933; probably Lernaea ranae Stunkard and Cable, 1913<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Head embedded in musculature with body protruding externally]<br />
Host:<br />
Carassius auratus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Carassius auratus: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 33%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 42%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar 1972a; 25%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar 1972a; 6%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1972a; 3%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Lernaea sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Head embedded in musculature with body protruding externally]<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Unidentified lernaeid<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Head embedded in musculature with body protruding externally]<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Lernaeopodidae Olsson, 1869<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi Kroyer, 1863<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res ambloplitis Kellicot, 1880; Ach<strong>the</strong>res micropteri Wright, 1882<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills, gill arches<br />
390
Table 20, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus puncatus: Baker and Crites 1976; June-September 1973 and 1974; 6%; 2; South Bass Island,<br />
Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 3%; minp, South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 3%; L; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 8%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 25%; minp; Port Dover, Ontario; 42°46′59′/-<br />
80°12′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 35%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 33%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 12%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 4%; L; eastern Lake Erie; llnk; 7%; L; western Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 8%; L; lns<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus salmoides (young): Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 8%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 2%; L; lns<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res coregoni Smith, 1874<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 4%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Salmincola inermis Wilson, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: Tidd 1931; 1927-1929; pnp; minp; lnk; llnk<br />
391
Table 20, continued.<br />
Mollusca (Molluscs)<br />
Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820<br />
Glochidia <strong>of</strong> Anodonta sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Gills]<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Bangham 1972; 1957; 16%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified glochidia<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera: Bangham 1972; 1957; 1%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio; 41°39′0′′/-82°49′14′′<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1972a; 1961-1969; 13%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Dechtiar 1972a; 56%; minp; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Bangham 1972; 21%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Pimephales notatus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar 1972a; 2%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 1970-1975; 4%; L; lns; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988, 7%; L; lns<br />
Erimyzon sucetta: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 11%; M; lns<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Bangham 1972; 2%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Morone chrysops: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 1927-1929; 4%; H; western Lake Erie; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 8%; L; lns<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Bangham 1972; 9%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis cyanellus: Bangham 1972; 8%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham 1972; 7%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 10%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 11%; L; western Lake Erie<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Bangham 1972; 6%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 10%; L; lns<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Bangham 1972; 10%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Bangham 1972; 57%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 6%; L; lns<br />
Percina caprodes: Bangham 1972; 19%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Percina copelandi: Bangham 1972; 33%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander canadensis: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 3%; M; western Lake Erie<br />
392
Table 20, continued.<br />
Sander vitreus: Bangham 1972; 3%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 16%; L; lns<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham 1972; 35%; minp; South Bass Island, Ohio<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Bangham and Hunter 1939; 36%; L-H; western Lake Erie<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; 10%; M; lns<br />
Table 21. <strong>Fish</strong>es by family <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie <strong>from</strong> which parasites have been reported during 1914-<br />
2010 using parasite data in Table 20. References in paren<strong>the</strong>ses following parasites refer to<br />
references for host records.<br />
Acipenseridae<br />
Acipenser fulvescens (lake sturgeon)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Crepidostomum lintoni, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogenea: Diclybothrium armatum, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona cascadilla,<br />
(Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Lepisosteidae<br />
Lepisosteus osseus (longnose gar)<br />
Adult Digenea: Macroderoides spiniferus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus perplexus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Proteocephalus singularis, (Bangham 1972;<br />
Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola lepisostei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1933)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Amiidae<br />
Amia calva (bowfin)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Leuceruthrus<br />
micropteri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Macroderoides typicus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
393
Table 21, continued.<br />
Adult Cestoda: Haplobothrium globuliforme, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939; La Rue 1914); Proteocephalus perplexus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Haplonema immutatum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Bangham 1972); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham<br />
1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hiodontidae<br />
Hiodon tergisus (mooneye)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum illionoiense, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and<br />
Bangham 1932); Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Paurorhynchus hiodontis, (Bangham<br />
1972; Dickerman 1954)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Mazacraeoides sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona<br />
cascadilla, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Anguillidae<br />
Anguilla rostrata (American eel)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Azygia longa, (Dechtiar 1972a); Microphallus<br />
opacus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus macrocephalus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Clupeidae<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus (alewife)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham<br />
1972)<br />
Monogenea: Octomacrum sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Stromberg and Crites 1975b; Stromberg et al. 1973);<br />
Capillaria sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
394
Table 21, continued.<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum (gizzard shad)<br />
Microspora: Glugea cepedianae, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham<br />
1972)<br />
Monogenea: Octomacrum sp., (Bangham 1972); Mazocraeoides olentangiensis, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Stromberg and Crites 1975b; Stromberg et al. 1973);<br />
unidentified nematode, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
(Stromberg and Crites 1974b; Stromberg and Crites 1975a; Stromberg and Crites 1975b); unidentified<br />
nematode, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Cyprinidae<br />
Campostoma anomalum (central stoneroller)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Carassius auratus (goldfish)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus anchoratus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Dactylogyrus vastator, (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Copepoda: Lernaea cyprinacea, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Cyprinella spiloptera (spotfin shiner)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972)<br />
395
Table 21, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972);<br />
unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Stromberg and Crites 1974b; Stromberg and<br />
Crites 1975a; Stromberg and Crites 1975b; Stromberg et al. 1973); Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri, (Bangham<br />
1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Cyprinella whipplei (steelcolor shiner)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1932)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona cascadilla,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939; Gustafson 1949)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Cyprinus carpio (common carp)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoa, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus anchoratus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Dactylogyrus extensus, (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii, (Dechtiar 1971b; Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham<br />
1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Khawia iowensis, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified cestode, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Pomphorhynchus<br />
bulbocolli, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus appendiculosus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Lernaea<br />
cyprinacea, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
396
Table 21, continued.<br />
Luxilus cornutus (common shiner)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1972); Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Diplostomum flexicaudum,<br />
(Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham<br />
1972)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Lythrurus umbratilis (redfin shiner)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Macrhybopsis storeriana (silver chub)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1932);<br />
Allocreadium lobatum, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972);<br />
unidentified Strigeidae, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Nocomis micropogon (river chub)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Neascus sp.,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
397
Table 21, continued.<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas (golden shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Notropis anogenus (pugnose shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus aureatus, (Ward 1919); Henneguya brachyura, (Ward 1919)<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides (emerald shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972;<br />
Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1932)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1972); Neasus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939; Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Strigeidae, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Neochasmus umbellus, (Kvach and Stepien 2008a)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus<br />
ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus pinguis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Stromberg and Crites 1975b);<br />
Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Notropis buccatus (silverjaw minnow)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham<br />
1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Notropis heterodon (blackchin shiner)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
398
Table 21, continued.<br />
Notropis hudsonius (spottail shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus algonquinensis, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus bartai, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus<br />
burti, (Cone et al. 2004; Cone and Marcogliese 2010); Thelohanellus notatus, (Cone et al. 2004);<br />
Thelohanellus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Zschokkella sp., (Cone et al. 2004); unidentified myxozoan,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972; Hunter and Bangham<br />
1932) Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972;<br />
Bangham and Hunter 1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Centrovarium lobotes, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Mahon 1976); Proteocephalus<br />
ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona cascadilla,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
(Bangham 1972); unidentified nematode, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar 1972a); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Lernaea sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Notropis stramineus (sand shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Ceratomyxa sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Hunter and Bangham 1932; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972;<br />
Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Copepoda: Lernaea catostomi, (Tidd 1931)<br />
Notropis volucellus (mimic shiner)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham<br />
1932)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972);<br />
Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified<br />
metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
399
Table 21, continued.<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Opsopoeodus emiliae (pugnose minnow)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972);<br />
Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham<br />
1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972); Skrjabinocapillaria bakeri, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Lernaea cyprinacea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Pimephales notatus (bluntnose minnow)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham 1972, Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified<br />
metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Pimephales promelas (fa<strong>the</strong>ad minnow)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae (longnose dace)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1932)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus rhinichthysi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
400
Table 21, continued.<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus (western blacknose dace)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus rhinichthysi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum<br />
minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus (creek chub)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus pendula, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham<br />
1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogenea: Cleidodiscus brachus, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Copepoda: Lernaea cyprinacea, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Catostomidae<br />
Carpiodes cyprinus (quillback)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus rotundum, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified myxozoan,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Bangham<br />
1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar<br />
and Nepszy 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Neodiscocotyle carpioditis, (Dechtiar 1967b, 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Octomacrum<br />
lanceatum, (Bangham 1972); Pellucidhaptor angularis, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Pellucidhaptor<br />
eremitus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Pellucidhaptor microcanthus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Pellucidhaptor sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Anonchohaptor muelleri, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Anonchohaptor sp., (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Icelanonchohaptor fyviei, (Dechtiar and Dillon 1974; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Icelanonchohaptor<br />
microcotyle, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Spartoides wardi, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Hypocaryophyllaeus<br />
paratarius, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Biacetabulum sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus ancylodirus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
(Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Rhabdochona milleri, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Philometroides nodulosa, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar<br />
and Nepszy 1988)<br />
401
Table 21, continued.<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus carpiodi, (Dechtiar 1968; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1972;<br />
Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannulata, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar<br />
and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Catostomus commersonii (white sucker)<br />
Mastigophora: Trypanoplasma catostomi, (Bower and Woo 1977)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Bucephalus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum<br />
flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972);<br />
Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988)<br />
Monogenea: Octomacrum lanceatum, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Anonchohaptor<br />
anomalus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Dillon 1974; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Acolpenteron<br />
catostomi, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar 1972a;<br />
Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Gyrodactylus spathulatus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Biacetabulum sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Glaridacris catostomi, (Hunter 1927;<br />
Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona ovifilamenta, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Philometroides nodulosa,<br />
(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Agamonema sp.,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified nematode, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Neoechinorhynchus crassus,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Van Cleave 1949);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cristatus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Octospinifer macilentus,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Van Cleave 1949);<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Actinobdella sp., (Bower and Woo 1977); Myzobdella sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar<br />
and Nepszy 1988); Lernaea sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
402
Table 21, continued.<br />
Erimyzon sucetta (lake chubsucker)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Hypentelium nigricans (nor<strong>the</strong>rn hog sucker)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Minytrema melanops (spotted sucker)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Glaridacris sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philonema sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Moxostoma anisurum (silver redhorse)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus conspicuous, (Dechtiar 1972a); Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Monogenea: Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Dactylogyrus urus, (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Moxostoma aureolum (pealip shor<strong>the</strong>ad redhorse)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Lissorchis attenuatus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogena: Dactylogyrus urus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Unidentified nematode, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Octospinifer macilentus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Moxostoma erythrurum (golden redhorse)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Monogenea: Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
403
Table 21, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona milleri, A. Dechtiar (unpublished data); Moravec and Arai 1971; Dechtiar<br />
1972a<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum (shor<strong>the</strong>ad redhorse)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Sanguinicola sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Monogenea: Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Pellucidhaptor sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Pseudomurraytrema moxostomi, (Dechtiar 1972a); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona cascadilla, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona milleri, (Dechtiar<br />
1972a; A. Dechtiar (unpublished data); Moravec and Arai 1971<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Ictaluridae<br />
Ameiurus melas (black bullhead)<br />
Adult Digenea: Polylekithum ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972);<br />
Crepidostomum sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham 1972);<br />
Alloglossidium corti, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Corallobothrium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Dichelyne robustus, (Bangham<br />
1972); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Ameiurus natalis (yellow bullhead)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Polylekithum ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham 1972);<br />
Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972);<br />
unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
404
Table 21, continued.<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham<br />
1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne robustus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Tidd 1931)<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Myxozoa: Hennuguya exilis, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Polylekithum ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham 1972);<br />
Phyllodistomum lacustri, (Bangham 1972); Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Phyllodistomum superbum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Glossidium geminum, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Ligictaluridus floridanus, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham 1972); Corallobothrium sp., (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Spinitectus carolini, (Jilek and Crites 1981);<br />
Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972; Jilek and Crites 1981); Dichelyne robustus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus appendiculosus, (Tidd 1931); Ergasilus versicolor, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Hennuguya exilis, (Baker and Crites 1976; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium corti, (Baker and Crites 1976); Polylekithum ictaluri, (Baker and Crites 1976;<br />
Bangham 1972); Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Acetodextra amiuri, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar<br />
and Nepszy 1988); Allacanthochasmus varius, (Baker and Crites 1976); Vietsoma parvum, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939); Phyllodistomum lacustri, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar<br />
and Nepszy 1988); Phyllodistomum sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Macroderoides sp., (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939); Alloglossidium corti, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
405
Table 21, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum<br />
spathaceum, (Baker and Crites 1976; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Ligictaluridus floridanus, (Baker and Crites 1976; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Ligictaluridus pricei, (Baker and Crites 1976; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972; Bangham<br />
and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Haplobothrium globuliforme, (Dechtiar 1972a); Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Baker and<br />
Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Megathylacoides<br />
giganteum, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Stromberg and Crites<br />
1975b); Dichelyne robustus, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972); Spinitectus carolini, (Jilek and<br />
Crites 1981); Spinitectus gracilis, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972;<br />
Jilek and Crites 1981)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Baker and Crites 1976; Cooper et al. 1978b; Dechtiar<br />
and Nepszy 1988); Eustrongylides sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Baker and Crites 1976); Pomphorhynchus sp.,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus biramosus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ergasilus versicolor, (Tidd 1931; Baker and<br />
Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi,<br />
(Tidd 1931; Baker and Crites 1976; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988)<br />
Noturus flavus (stonecat)<br />
Adult Digenea: Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a); Alloglossidium corti, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham<br />
1972)<br />
Monogenea: Cleidodiscus pricei, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham<br />
and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
406
Table 21, continued.<br />
Noturus gyrinus (tadpole madtom)<br />
Adult Digenea: Acetodextra amiuri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Alloglossidium corti, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogenea: Ligictaluridus floridanus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Noturus miurus (brindled madtom)<br />
Adult Digenea: Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Bangham<br />
and Hunter 1939)<br />
Esocidae<br />
Esox americanus (grass pickerel)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972);<br />
Macroderoides sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Esox lucius (nor<strong>the</strong>rn pike)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Centrovarium lobotes,<br />
(Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Tetraonchus monenteron, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Hunter<br />
1929); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Smith 1984); Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Esox masquinongy (muskellunge)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
407
Table 21, continued.<br />
Umbridae<br />
Umbra limi (central mudminnow)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Osmeridae<br />
Osmerus mordax (rainbow smelt)<br />
Microspora: Glugea hertwigi, (Chen and Power 1972; Dechtiar 1965b; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988; Nepszy and Dechtiar 1972; Nepszy et al. 1978; Nsembukya-Katuramu et al. 1981)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crepidostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Proterometra sp., (Bangham 1972);<br />
Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Ichthyocotylurus intermedia, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar<br />
1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Stromberg and Crites 1975b; Stromberg et al. 1973)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Unidentified nematode, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988)<br />
Salmonidae<br />
Coregonus artedi (lake herring/cisco)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus wickliffi, (Bangham<br />
and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1933)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: bothriocephalid plerocercoids, (Vergeer 1928); Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham<br />
and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1933; Ward<br />
and Magath 1916)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola inermis, (Tidd 1931)<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis (lake whitefish)<br />
Adult Digenea: Unidentified digenean, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus exiguus, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1933)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Schistocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
408
Table 21, continued.<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Copepoda: Ach<strong>the</strong>res coregoni, (Tidd 1931); Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Coregonus sp. (herring)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium laruei, (Vergeer 1942)<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Salvelinus namaycush (lake trout)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola stigmatura, (Ward and Magath 1916)<br />
Percopsidae<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus (trout-perch)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum isostomum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Diplostomum flexicaudum, (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972a); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus pileatus,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Cleidodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Urocleidus baldwini, (Dechtiar 1974b); unidentified<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bothriocephalus cuspidatus,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Triaenophorus<br />
stizostedionis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Stromberg and<br />
Crites 1975b); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tidd 1931)<br />
409
Table 21, continued.<br />
Gadidae<br />
Lota lota (burbot)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified cestode, (Ward 1937)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Sparganum pseudosegmentatum, (Vergeer 1942)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972); Haplonema hamulatum, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echininorhynchus leidyi, (Ward 1937); Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939; Ward 1937)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Ward 1937); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Ward 1937)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Fundulidae<br />
Fundulus diaphanus (banded killifish)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham<br />
and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
A<strong>the</strong>rinopsidae<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus (brook silverside)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Allocreadium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Allacanthochasmus varius,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
410
Table 21, continued.<br />
Gasterosteidae<br />
Culaea inconstans (brook stickleback)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bunoderina eucaliae, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus eucalius, (Dechtiar 1972a); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Cottidae<br />
Cottus bairdii (mottled sculpin)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoa, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar 1974a); Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Gyrodactylus<br />
bairdi, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus sp.,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Cottus cognatus (slimy sculpin)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar 1974a)<br />
Moronidae<br />
Morone americana (white perch)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neochasmus umbellus, (Kvach and Stepien 2008a)<br />
Morone chrysops (white bass)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Trichodina sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Capriniana piscium, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Capriniana sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proterometra macrostoma, (Bangham 1972);<br />
Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972); Allacanthochasmus artus, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Allacanthochasmus varius, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Neochasmus umbellus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Kvach and Stepien 2008a; Kvach and Stepien<br />
2008b); unidentified digenean, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
411
Table 21, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus chrysops, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Bothriocephalus<br />
cuspidatus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus nodulosus,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1974a)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1974b, 1975a, 1975b; Stromberg et al. 1973); Dichelyne cotylophora,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972;<br />
Jilek and Crites 1981); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Raphidascaris acus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Eustrongylides tubifex,<br />
(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Agamonema sp., (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972); Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ach<strong>the</strong>res<br />
sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Centrarchidae<br />
Ambloplites rupestris (rock bass)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972;<br />
Bangham and Hunter 1939); Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bucephalus elegans,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Phyllodistomum sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972;<br />
Bangham and Hunter 1939); Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogenea: Cleidodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Cleidodiscus alatus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Onchocleidus<br />
chautauguensis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Tetracleidus stentor, (Dechtiar 1972a); Lyrodiscus rupestris, (Dechtiar<br />
1972a; Dechtiar 1973); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972);<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972); Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Stromberg and<br />
Crites 1975b); Contracaecum sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Capillaria catenata, (Bangham 1972);<br />
Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham 1972); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939; Jilek and Crites 1981); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Jilek and Crites 1981);<br />
Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
412
Table 21, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Philometra cylindracea,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1972); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Pomphorhynchus rocci, (Dechtiar 1972a); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972;<br />
Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Tidd 1931; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ergasilus caeruleus,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Lernaea cruciata, (Tidd 1931; Bangham 1972); Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Tidd 1931;<br />
Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972); Proterometra macrostoma, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crepidostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972);<br />
Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham<br />
1972); Proteocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972); Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham<br />
1972); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Myxozoa: Chloromyxum gibbosum, (Herrick 1941); Henneguya ohioensis, (Herrick 1941); Myxobolus<br />
gibbosus, (Herrick 1941); Myxobolus osburni, (Herrick 1936); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972;<br />
Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972);<br />
Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972); Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Bucephalus elegans,<br />
(Bangham 1972); unidentified digenean, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972); Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham<br />
1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar 1972a); Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939)<br />
Monogenea: Actinocleidus oculatus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Actinocleidus recurvatus, (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Onchocleidus ferox, (Dechtiar 1972a); Cleidodiscus similis, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
413
Table 21, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Stromberg and Crites 1975b);<br />
Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Jilek and Crites 1981); Spinitectus<br />
gracilis, (Jilek and Crites 1981)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1972); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Mollusca: Glochidia <strong>of</strong> Anodonta sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Dechtiar 1972a); Lernaea sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Lepomis humilis (orangespotted sunfish)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lohrenzi, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972); Neascus sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar<br />
1972a); Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogenea: Actinocleidus bakeri, (Dechtiar 1972a); Clavunculus unguis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Cleidodiscus<br />
venardi, (Dechtiar 1972a); Cleidodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Lyrodiscus longibasus, (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Lyrodiscus seminolensis, (Dechtiar 1973); Lyrodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972);<br />
Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Dichelyne<br />
cotylophora, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Spinitectus<br />
carolini, (Bangham 1972; Jilek and Crites 1981); Spinitectus gracilis, (Jilek and Crites 1981)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Philometra cylindracea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1972); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
414
Table 21, continued.<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tidd 1931;<br />
Bangham 1972); Lernaea cyprinacea, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Lepomis megalotis (longear sunfish)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham<br />
1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Unidentified nematode, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus inornatus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Myxobolus kostiri, (Herrick 1936);<br />
Myxobolus osburni, (Herrick 1936); Myxobolus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified myxozoan,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988); Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Rhipidocotyle papillosa, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Neochasmus umbellus, (Bangham<br />
and Hunter 1939); Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Uvulifer ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar<br />
and Nepszy 1988); Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified metacercariae,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Cleidodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Tetracleidus banghami, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988); Syncleithrium fusiformis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Gyrodactylus<br />
macrochiri, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Proteocephalus fluviatilis,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Protoecephalus stizostethi, (Hunter and Bangham 1933)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939;<br />
Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972); Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham<br />
1972); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939)<br />
415
Table 21, continued.<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1975b);<br />
Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Spinitectus carolini,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Jilek and Crites 1981); Spinitectus<br />
gracilis, (Jilek and Crites 1981)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Agamonema sp., (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Cooper et al. 1978b; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939;<br />
Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella moorei, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Lernaea sp., (Bangham 1972); unidentified lernaeid, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ach<strong>the</strong>res<br />
pimelodi, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina domerguei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972; Bangham<br />
and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Leuceruthrus<br />
micropteri, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Caecincola parvulus, (Bangham 1972);<br />
Rhipidocotyle papillosa, (Bangham 1972); Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Onchocleidus helicis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Syncleithrium fusiformis, (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus<br />
fluviatilis, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972); Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939); Spinitectus carolini, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Jilek and Crites 1981);<br />
Spinitectus gracilis, (Jilek and Crites 1981)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Dioctophyma sp., (Bangham<br />
and Hunter 1939); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Cooper et al. 1978b)<br />
416
Table 21, continued.<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972);<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972, Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Placobdella montifera, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Tidd 1931; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ergasilus<br />
caeruleus, (Bangham 1972); Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Tidd 1931; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Micropterus sp. (bass)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1927)<br />
Pomoxis annularis (white crappie)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a);<br />
Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Tetracleidus longus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Cleidodiscus uniformis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Lyrodiscus<br />
longibasus, (Dechtiar 1972a, 1973); Tetracleidus capax, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham<br />
1972); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Stromberg and<br />
Crites 1975b); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1972); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham 1972); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972)<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus (black crappie)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972).<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham<br />
1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Tetracleidus longus, (Dechtiar 1972a); Lyrodiscus longibasus, (Dechtiar 1972a, 1973);<br />
Lyrodiscus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Tetracleidus capax, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus pearsei,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Stromberg and<br />
Crites 1975b); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
417
Table 21, continued.<br />
Percidae<br />
Ammocrypta pellucida (eastern sand darter)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1932)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma blennioides (greenside darter)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocredium boleosomi, (Bangham 1972); Allocreadium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified<br />
metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum (rainbow darter)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus cotti, (Tidd 1931)<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile (Iowa darter)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalaus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare (fantail darter)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocredium boleosomi, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus platycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae,<br />
(Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
418
Table 21, continued.<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum (Johnny darter)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocredium boleosomi, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Clinostomum complanatum,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum<br />
minimum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus formosus, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentifed glochidia, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Perca flavescens (yellow perch)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Trichodina urinaria,<br />
(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Hennuguya doori, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Myxobolus scleroperca,<br />
(Dechtiar 1965a; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bunodera lucioperca, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bunodera sacculata, (Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988); Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Cooper et al. 1977; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988); Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Apophallus brevis, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Cryptogonimus chili, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Microphallus opacus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Sanguinicola occidentalis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified trematode, (Bangham<br />
1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bucephalus elegans, (Bangham<br />
1972); Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Allacanthochasmus sp., (Bangham 1972);<br />
Tylodelphys scheuringi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus pileatus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972);<br />
Apophallus brevis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus adspectus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Cleidodiscus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus pearsei,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Bothriocephalus sp., (Cooper et al. 1977); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus<br />
pinguis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus sp., (Cooper et al. 1977); Triaenophorus nodulosus,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Cooper et al. 1977; Crites 1982; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Triaenophorus sp.,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
419
Table 21, continued.<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Cooper et al.<br />
1977; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1975b); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Baker 1984a;<br />
Baker 1984b; Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Cooper et al. 1977; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988;<br />
Smedley 1934); Spinitectus carolini, (Jilek and Crites 1981); Spinitectus sp., (Bangham 1972); Philometra<br />
cylindracea, (Ashmead and Crites 1975; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Cooper et al. 1977; Crites 1982;<br />
Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Raphidascaris<br />
acus, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Eustrongylides tubifex,<br />
(Cooper et al. 1977; Cooper et al. 1978b; Crites 1975; Crites 1982; Measures 1988a; Measures 1988b;<br />
Sprinkle Fastzkie and Crites 1977); Eustrongylides sp., (Bangham 1972; Cooper et al. 1978a; Dechtiar<br />
1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Cooper et al. 1977); Neoechinorhynchus rutili,<br />
(Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Pomphorhynchus<br />
bulbocolli, (Bangham 1972); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Bangham 1972); Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tidd 1931; Bangham 1972); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988); Ach<strong>the</strong>res ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ach<strong>the</strong>res sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Percina caprodes (logperch)<br />
Adult Digenea: Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Bangham 1972); Leuceruthrus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939);<br />
Allocreadium boleosomi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham<br />
1972)<br />
Monogenea: Aethycteron malleus, (Dechtiar 1972a); unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus formosus, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus<br />
stizostethi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972); Proteocephalus<br />
sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Spinitectus<br />
gracilis, (Bangham 1972); Rhabdochona sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Eustrongylides sp., (Bangham<br />
1972); Philometra cylindracea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1972); Piscicola punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972)<br />
420
Table 21, continued.<br />
Percina copelandi (channel darter)<br />
Adult Digenea: Allocreadium boleosomi, (Bangham 1972); Plagioporus cooperi, (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939; Hunter and Bangham 1932)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Bangham 1972); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentifed glochidia, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Percina maculata (blackside darter)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Monogenea: Unidentified Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Sander canadensis (sauger)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Megalogonia ictaluri, (Bangham 1972); Prosorhynchoides pusilla, (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939); Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus platycephalus, (Hughes 1928); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar<br />
1972a); Neascus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus aculeatus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bothriocephalus cuspidatus,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus stizostethi, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939; Hunter and Bangham 1933); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus nodulosus,<br />
(Bangham 1972); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides sp., (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tidd 1931;<br />
Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Sander glaucum (blue pike)<br />
Adult Digenea: Prosorhynchoides pusilla, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Centrovarium lobotes, (Bangham<br />
and Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus aculeatus, (Dechtiar 1972a)<br />
421
Table 21, continued.<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus ambloplitis,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939); Proteocephalus stizostethi, (Hunter and Bangham 1933; Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939); Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Philometra cylindracea, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar 1972a); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tidd 1931; Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939)<br />
Sander vitreus (walleye)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Prosorhynchoides pusilla, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Wolfert et al. 1967); Centrovarium<br />
lobotes, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Sanguinicola<br />
occidentalis, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum<br />
spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Bucephalus<br />
elegans, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Neascus sp., (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus aculeatus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); unidentified<br />
Gyrodactyloidea, (Bangham 1972)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Cooper 1919; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988; Wolfert et al. 1967); Proteocephalus stizostethi, (Bangham 1972; Connor 1943; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988; Hunter and Bangham 1933); Triaenophorus stizostedionis, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Bangham 1972);<br />
Proteocephalus stizostethi, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Bangham 1972);<br />
Triaenophorus sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1975b); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Bangham and Hunter 1939),<br />
Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988), unidentified nematode,<br />
(Wolfert et al. 1967)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988), Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988), Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Piscicola punctata,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tidd 1931;<br />
Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Ergasilus luciopercarum,<br />
(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
422
Table 21, continued.<br />
Sciaenidae<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens (freshwater drum)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Unidentified myxozoan, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cooperi, (Bangham 1972); Crepidostomum sp., (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939); Homalometron armatum, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988;<br />
Hunter and Bangham 1932); Homalometron pallidum, (Vendeland 1968); Microcreadium parvum,<br />
(Vendeland 1968); Phyllodistomum fausti, (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968);<br />
Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar 1972a); Sanguinicola occidentalis, (Dechtiar 1972a); Sanguinicola sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968);<br />
Diplostomum sp., (Bangham 1972); Ichthyocotylurus communis, (Vendeland 1968); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Neascus sp., (Bangham and<br />
Hunter 1939); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Bangham 1972); unidentified metacercariae, (Bangham<br />
1972)<br />
Monogenea: Lintaxine cokeri, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968); Microcotyle<br />
eriensis, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1936; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy<br />
1988); Microcotyle spinicirrus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1936; Bangham and Hunter 1939;<br />
Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968)<br />
Aspidobothrea: Cotylogaster occidentalis, (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Bangham and Hunter 1939; Vendeland 1968);<br />
Bothriocephalus sp., (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Bangham<br />
1972; Vendeland 1968); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar<br />
and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and<br />
Nepszy 1988; Stromberg and Crites 1975b); Capillaria sp., (Bangham 1972); Dichelyne cotylophora,<br />
(Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Vendeland 1968); Spinitectus gracilis, (Bangham and Hunter<br />
1939); Spinitectus sp., (Bangham 1972); Philometra cylindracea, (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Philometra<br />
sp., (Dechtiar 1972a; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Agamonema sp., (Bangham and Hunter 1939); Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
(Bangham and Hunter 1939; Crites 1976; Vendeland 1968); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Cooper et al. 1978b;<br />
Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988); Eustrongylides sp., (Bangham 1972; Vendeland 1968); Philometra<br />
cylindracea, (Bangham 1972; Vendeland 1968); Spiroxys contortus, (Vendeland 1968); Capillaria<br />
catenata, (Vendeland 1968); unidentified Spiruroidea, (Vendeland 1968)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar 1972a; Vendeland 1968); Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Vendeland 1968); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli,<br />
(Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988; Vendeland 1968)<br />
423
Table 21, continued.<br />
Hirudinea: Actinobdella pediculata, (Bur 1994); Macrobdella decora, (Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988);<br />
Myzobdella lugubris, (Bangham 1972; Vendeland 1968); Myzobdella sp., (Vendeland 1968); Piscicola<br />
punctata, (Bangham and Hunter 1939)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Bangham 1972; Bangham and Hunter 1939; Dechtiar and Nepszy 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Bangham 1972); Argulus sp., (Bangham 1972)<br />
Gobiidae<br />
Apollonia melanostoma (round goby)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Kvach and Stepien 2008b); Neochasmus umbellus,<br />
(Kvach and Stepien 2008a; Kvach and Stepien 2008b)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Kvach and Stepien 2008b)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Anisakidae gen. sp., (Kvach and Stepien 2008b)<br />
Unknown <strong>Fish</strong> Family<br />
Unknown fish species<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Kelly et al. 1989); Philometra cylindracea, (Kelly et al. 1989);<br />
Philometra sp., (Kelly et al. 1989)<br />
424
Table 22. Numbers and percentages (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) <strong>of</strong> parasite species in each major parasite<br />
group reported for <strong>the</strong> five major fish families <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie, 1914-2010. Parasite group<br />
abbreviations are Ma (Mastigophora), Ci (Ciliophora), My (Myxozoa), Dt (Digenea), Mo<br />
(Monogenea), Ce (Cestoda), Ne (Nematoda), Ac (Acanthocephala), Hi (Hirudinea), Co<br />
(Copepoda), and Mol (Mollusca). If a parasite in a group did not infect fish, <strong>the</strong> parasite group<br />
was not included in <strong>the</strong> table.<br />
Parasite group<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> family Ma Ci My Dt Mo Ce Ne Ac Hi Co Mol Total<br />
Cyprinidae 0 1<br />
(2)<br />
Catostomidae 1<br />
(2)<br />
Centrarchidae 0 2<br />
(3)<br />
Percidae 0 2<br />
(3)<br />
9<br />
(19)<br />
0 4<br />
(7)<br />
6<br />
(8)<br />
2<br />
(3)<br />
12<br />
(26)<br />
10<br />
(18)<br />
20<br />
(26)<br />
24<br />
(38)<br />
Salmonidae 0 0 0 3<br />
(21)<br />
6<br />
(13)<br />
14<br />
(26)<br />
20<br />
(26)<br />
5<br />
(8)<br />
425<br />
6<br />
(13)<br />
6<br />
(11)<br />
6<br />
(8)<br />
10<br />
(15)<br />
0 6<br />
(43)<br />
3<br />
(6)<br />
8<br />
(15)<br />
10<br />
(13)<br />
9<br />
(14)<br />
2<br />
(14)<br />
3<br />
(6)<br />
5<br />
(9)<br />
3<br />
(4)<br />
5<br />
(8)<br />
2<br />
(14)<br />
2<br />
(4)<br />
2<br />
(4)<br />
3<br />
(4)<br />
2<br />
(3)<br />
4<br />
(9)<br />
3<br />
(6)<br />
5<br />
(7)<br />
4<br />
(6)<br />
0 1<br />
(7)<br />
1<br />
(2)<br />
1<br />
(2)<br />
1<br />
(1)<br />
1<br />
(2)<br />
47<br />
54<br />
76<br />
64<br />
0 14
Table 23. Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity based on <strong>the</strong> reported presence <strong>of</strong><br />
parasites between <strong>the</strong> five major fish families <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie, 1914-2010.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> family Cyprinidae Catostomidae Salmonidae Centrarchidae<br />
Cyprinidae 1.0000 0.1463 0.0192 0.1278<br />
Catostomidae 0.1463 1.0000 0.0151 0.0847<br />
Salmonidae 0.0192 0.0151 1.0000 0.0235<br />
Centrarchidae 0.1287 0.0847 0.0235 1.0000<br />
Percidae 0.2375 0.1078 0.0140 0.3168<br />
NIAGARA RIVER<br />
The Niagara River flows in a nor<strong>the</strong>rly direction <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, a distance <strong>of</strong><br />
approximately 35 miles.<br />
Results and Discussion<br />
Three studies (Kellicott in Tidd 1931; George et al. 1977; and Harrison and Hadley 1982) have<br />
reported on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> Niagara River. Three parasite species (Myxobolus<br />
dentium, unknown larval trematodes, Argulus stizostethi) have been reported <strong>from</strong> three fish<br />
species (Tables 24, 25).<br />
426
Table 24. <strong>Parasites</strong> reported in fishes <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> Niagara River, 1931-2010. Host documentation, in<br />
order, consists <strong>of</strong> references, when observed, prevalence defined as <strong>the</strong> percentage (%) <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
infected (pnp = prevalence not provided), mean intensity defined as <strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong> parasites<br />
per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided), location (lns = location not specified or<br />
incomplete), latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude and longitude not known).<br />
Myxozoa (Myxosporans)<br />
Myxobolidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Myxobolus dentium Fantham et al. 1939<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Bases <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> palatine and vomerine teeth, epi<strong>the</strong>lium covering dentary bone<br />
Host: Esox masquinongy: George et al. 1977; 1968-1976; 34%; minp; upper Niagara River (Grand Island to<br />
Strawberry Island); llnk<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea/ Digenetic Trematodes<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Black spot<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: External surface<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Harrison and Hadley 1982; 1975-1976; prevalence separated by age-class; minp; 11<br />
tributaries and river proper; lns; llnk<br />
Copepoda (Copepods)<br />
Argulidae Yamaguti 1963<br />
Argulus stizostethi Kellicott 1880<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Body surface]<br />
Host: Sander glaucum: Kellicott in Tidd (1931); pnp; minp; Buffalo, New York; 42º53′ 11″,-78º52′42″)<br />
427
Table 25. <strong>Fish</strong>es by family <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> Niagara River <strong>from</strong> which parasites have been reported<br />
during 1931-2010 using parasite data in Table 24. References in paren<strong>the</strong>ses following parasites<br />
refer to references for host records.<br />
Esocidae<br />
Esox lucius (nor<strong>the</strong>rn pike)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Blackspot (Harrison and Hadley 1982)<br />
Esox masquinongy (muskellunge)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus dentium (George et al. 1977)<br />
Percidae<br />
Sander glaucum (blue pike)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus stizostethi (Kellicott in Tidd 1931)<br />
Parasite Species—Overview<br />
LAKE ONTARIO<br />
Results<br />
Thirty-nine studies that reported on a parasite species infecting one or more fish species were<br />
conducted during 1930-2010 in Lake Ontario, most during 1970-1989 (Table 4). A total <strong>of</strong> 228<br />
parasite species (5 Ciliophora, 15 Myxozoa, 3 Microspora, 34 adult Digenea, 15 larval/immature<br />
Digenea, 79 Monogenea, 1 Aspidobothrea, 22 adult Cestoda, 5 larval/immature Cestoda, 16 adult<br />
Nematoda, 5 larval/immature Nematoda, 13 adult Acanthocephala, 4 Hirudinea, 8 Copepoda, 3<br />
Mollusca) were reported (Tables 2, 26). Although Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, Proteocephalus<br />
ambloplitis, Triaenophorus nodulosus, Triaenophorus stizostedionis, Hysterothylacium<br />
brachyurum, Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus oxycephalus, Spinitectus gracilis, Rhabdochona<br />
sp., and Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus were represented in both adult and larval/immature groups,<br />
<strong>the</strong>y are listed in <strong>the</strong> adult category, and only counted once.<br />
428
Protozoans<br />
Five species <strong>of</strong> ciliates (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina urinaria, Trichodina sp.,<br />
Capriniana piscium, Scyphidia micropteri) representing four families were found in Lake Ontario<br />
fish. Some species occurred on <strong>the</strong> gills; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis also infected <strong>the</strong> fins and<br />
body surface, and Trichodina urinaria and Trichodina sp. were found in <strong>the</strong> ureters. Unidentified<br />
species <strong>of</strong> Trichodina occurred on seven fish species.<br />
Fifteen species <strong>of</strong> myxozoans in two families were documented. Nine <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species are in <strong>the</strong><br />
genus Myxobolus. All species are host-specific occurring in non-intestinal sites in one fish species<br />
or in one family. Three species <strong>of</strong> microsporans, Glugea cepedianae, Glugea hertwigi, Glugea<br />
pimephales, have been reported with each species being host-specific to Dorosoma cepedianum,<br />
Osmerus mordax, and Pimephales spp., respectively.<br />
Digenetic Trematodes<br />
Thirty-four species <strong>of</strong> adult digenetic trematodes in 14 families were reported. Ten species were<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Allocreadiidae, with <strong>the</strong> genus Crepidostomum (5 species) being most common. Five<br />
species <strong>of</strong> Phyllodistomum (Gorgoderidae) have been reported. Azygia angusticauda infected six<br />
fish species. Several species are host-specific to one fish species or one family. Most species<br />
occurred in <strong>the</strong> intestine or pyloric ceca, except for Acetodextra amiuri (swim bladder, ovaries),<br />
Phyllodistomum spp. (ureters, urinary bladder), Plagioporus sinitsini (also gall bladder),<br />
Sanguinicola occidentalis (blood), and Prototransversotrema sp. (under scales).<br />
Fifteen larval digenetic trematode species representing six families occurred in various nonintestinal<br />
sites. The Diplostomidae was represented by eight species. The most prevalent were<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum in 39 fish species, Ichthyocotylurus sp. in 17 fish species, and<br />
Clinostomum complanatum and Posthodiplostomum minimum each in 7 fish species. Bucephalus<br />
sp. was <strong>the</strong> only immature trematode found in <strong>the</strong> intestine.<br />
Monogeneans<br />
Eighty species <strong>of</strong> monogeneans representing 10 families have been documented on Lake Ontario<br />
fish. The best represented families were <strong>the</strong> Ancyrocephalidae (43 species), <strong>the</strong> Gyrodactylidae<br />
(14 species), and <strong>the</strong> Dactylogyridae (11 species). The genus Gyrodactylus was represented by 14<br />
species, Onchocleidus by 10 species, and Dactylogyrus by 10 species. Gyrodactylus macrochiri<br />
was found on four species <strong>of</strong> centrarchids. Most species are host-specific to one fish species or<br />
one family. The ancyrocephalids and dactylogyrids were primarily found on <strong>the</strong> gills and <strong>the</strong><br />
gyrodactylids on <strong>the</strong> fins. Ligictaluridus monticelli occurred in <strong>the</strong> nares; Lyrodiscus rupestris<br />
occurred in <strong>the</strong> nares, gills, and fins; and Acolpenteron catostomi occurred in <strong>the</strong> ureters.<br />
429
Aspidobothreans<br />
Cotylogaster occidentalis was <strong>the</strong> only aspidobothrean found infecting <strong>the</strong> intestine <strong>of</strong> only<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens in one study.<br />
Cestodes<br />
Twenty-two species <strong>of</strong> adult cestodes in seven families infected Lake Ontario fish. Eleven species<br />
are in <strong>the</strong> Proteocephalidae with Proteocephalus being <strong>the</strong> most-common genus (9 species). The<br />
genera Eubothrium, Bothriocephalus, and Triaenophorus each are represented by two species.<br />
Many species are host specific to one fish species or one family. Glaridacris catostomi and<br />
Hunterella nodulosa were found only on catostomids.<br />
Nine species <strong>of</strong> larval/immature cestodes in five families were found. Bothriocephalus cuspidatus<br />
and Proteocephalus sp. were <strong>the</strong> only immature cestodes occurring in <strong>the</strong> intestine. All o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
species were found in non-intestinal sites. Three species <strong>of</strong> larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium<br />
ditremum, Diphyllobothrium laruei, and Ligula intestinalis) are in <strong>the</strong> Diphyllobothriidae. Three<br />
species <strong>of</strong> Triaenophorus infected <strong>the</strong> muscle, liver, and mesentery <strong>of</strong> several fish species. Larvae<br />
<strong>of</strong> Proteocephalus ambloplitis and Triaenophorus nodulosus each infected nine fish species.<br />
Nematodes<br />
Sixteen species <strong>of</strong> adult nematodes representing seven families have been found. The<br />
Cystidicolidae and Rhabdochonidae each were represented by four species. Four species are in<br />
<strong>the</strong> genus Rhabdochona. Most species occurred in <strong>the</strong> digestive tract, except for Cystidicola spp.<br />
(swim bladder), Philometra cylindracea (body cavity), Philometra sp. (gills, blood vessel), and<br />
Philometroides nodulosa (fins). Hysterothylacium brachyurum infected six fish species, and<br />
Dichelyne cotylophora, Cystidicola farionis, and Spinitectus gracilis each infected five fish<br />
species. Some species, such as Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, P. cylindracea, P. nodulosa,<br />
Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, and Rhabdochona milleri, are host-specific to one fish species or<br />
one family.<br />
Ten species <strong>of</strong> larval/immature nematodes in eight families were found. Cosmocephalus<br />
obvelatus, Paracuaria adunca, Contracaecum spiculigerum, Hysterothylacium brachyurum,<br />
Eustrongylides tubifex, Spiroxys sp., and Philometra cylindracea were represented by larval<br />
stages occurring in <strong>the</strong> body cavity, liver, and mesentery. Camallanus oxycephalus, Spinitectus<br />
sp., and Rhabdochona sp. were immature nematodes found in <strong>the</strong> intestine. Immature individuals<br />
<strong>of</strong> Camallanus oxycephalus and larval Eustrongylides tubifex each infected eight fish species.<br />
Acanthocephalans<br />
Thirteen species <strong>of</strong> adult acanthocephalans in four families have been documented. Nine species<br />
are in <strong>the</strong> Neoechinorhynchidae, with Neoechinorhynchus rutili infecting six fish species.<br />
However, most species in this family (Neoechinorhynchus crassus, N. cristatus, N. notemigoni,<br />
N. saginatus, N. tenellus, N. tumidus, and Octospinifer macilentus) are host-specific.<br />
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Echinorhynchus salmonis infected 20 fish species, Acanthocephalus dirus infected 9 species, and<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus infected 15 species. Immature individuals <strong>of</strong> Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus occurred encysted in <strong>the</strong> mesentery <strong>of</strong> Fundulus diaphanus menona.<br />
Leeches<br />
Four species <strong>of</strong> leeches (Actinobdella inequiannulata, A. pediculata, Myzobdella lugubris, and<br />
Piscicola sp.) in two families occurred on <strong>the</strong> gill cover, fins, and body surface <strong>of</strong> fish.<br />
Myzobdella lugubris was found on six fish species.<br />
Crustaceans<br />
Eight species <strong>of</strong> parasitic copepods in three families were found on <strong>the</strong> body surface, fins, gills,<br />
and gill arches <strong>of</strong> Lake Ontario fish. Four species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus Ergasilus were reported. Ergasilus<br />
caeruleus and E. centrarchidarum occurred on eight and five fish species, respectively. Ach<strong>the</strong>res<br />
coregoni only infected Coregonus clupeaformis, Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi only infected centrarchids,<br />
and Salmincola extumescens infected five species <strong>of</strong> coregonines.<br />
Molluscs<br />
Glochidia (larval stage) <strong>of</strong> three mollusc species have been reported <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> fins and/or gills <strong>of</strong><br />
fish. Glochidia <strong>of</strong> Anodonta sp. and Elliptio complanatus have been found on Perca flavescens.<br />
Glochidia <strong>of</strong> Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea occurred on Perca flavescens and three o<strong>the</strong>r species.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Species—Parasite Analyses Overview<br />
<strong>Parasites</strong> have been reported <strong>from</strong> 60 (57%) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 106 established fish species in 21 families in<br />
Lake Ontario (Table 27). Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species (34) are in four families–Cyprinidae (12),<br />
Salmonidae (9), Centrarchidae (7), and Percidae (6). In terms <strong>of</strong> parasitological studies, 35 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
61 species have been studied only once (Acipenser fulvescens, Lepisosteus osseus, Amia calva,<br />
Anguilla rostrata, Alosa pseudoharengus, Couesius plumbeus, Cyprinus carpio, Luxilus cornutus,<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides, Phoxinus neogaeus, Pimephales notatus, P. promelas, Rhinichthys<br />
cataractae, Catostomus commersonii, Moxostoma erythrurum, Ictalurus punctatus, Noturus<br />
flavus, N. gyrinus, Esox masquinongy, Umbra limi, Oncorhynchus kisutch, O. mykiss, Salvelinus<br />
fontinalis, Percopsis omiscomaycus, Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus, Culaea inconstans, Cottus bairdii, C.<br />
cognatus, Morone chrysops, Pomoxis annularis, E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum, E. exile, Percina<br />
caprodes, Sander vitreus, and Aplodinotus grunniens) and nine have been studied only twice<br />
(Dorosoma cepedianum, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Lepomis macrochirus, Rhinichthys obtusus,<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum, Esox lucius, Coregonus kiyi, Salvelinus namaycush, Pomoxis<br />
nigromaculatus). The most-studied species were Ambloplites rupestris (10 studies) and Perca<br />
flavescens (13 studies). The most-parasitized fishes in terms <strong>of</strong> numbers <strong>of</strong> parasite species<br />
present were Perca flavescens (45), Lepomis gibbosus (37), Ambloplites rupestris (31), Morone<br />
americana (24), Catostomus commersonii (23), and Notropis hudsonius (19).<br />
431
The 49 fish species <strong>from</strong> Lake Ontario whose parasites have not been reported on are:<br />
Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, Lampetra appendix, Petromyzon marinus, Lepisosteus oculatus, Hiodon<br />
tergisus, Campostoma anomalum, Carassius auratus, Cyprinella spiloptera, Hybognathus<br />
hankinsoni, Luxilus chrysocephalus, Macrhybopsis storeriana, Margariscus margarita, Nocomis<br />
biguttatus, N. micropogon, Notropis anogenus, N. bifrenatus, N. heterodon, N. heterolepis, N.<br />
rubellus, N. stramineus, N. volucellus, Phoxinus eos, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Semotilus<br />
corporalis, Carpiodes cyprinus, Catostomus catostomus, Erimyzon oblongus, E. sucetta,<br />
Hypentelium nigricans, Moxostoma anisurum, M. valenciennesi, Ameiurus natalis, Esox<br />
americanus, E. niger, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. tshawytscha, Prosopium cylindraceum,<br />
Salmo trutta, Aphredoderus sayanus, Lota lota, Pungitius pungitius, Myoxocephalus thompsonii,<br />
Lepomis cyanellus, L. megalotis, E<strong>the</strong>ostoma flabellare, E. microperca, E. olmstedi, Percina<br />
copelandi, and P. maculata.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Species-Richness, Parasite Analyses<br />
The values for parasite species–richness, regardless <strong>of</strong> life-stage, and number <strong>of</strong> fish species<br />
examined (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> major fish families were Centrarchidae (69, 7),<br />
Cyprinidae (47, 12), Catostomidae (25, 3), Percidae (58, 6), and Salmonidae (21, 9). The<br />
correlation coefficient between species-richness and number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined for each<br />
family using <strong>the</strong>se values for all five families was nonsignificant (rs = -0.100). The parasite<br />
taxonomic groups, by numbers and percentages, for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five fish families for Lake<br />
Ontario are in Table 28. The parasite group(s) (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) most common in each fish family<br />
were Cyprinidae (monogeneans followed by digenetic trematodes), Catostomidae (monogeneans<br />
followed by cestodes and acanthocephalans), Centrarchidae (monogeneans), Percidae (digenetic<br />
trematodes), and Salmonidae (cestodes).<br />
Parasite species or a specific genus found in centrarchids were protozoans (Scyphidia micropteri),<br />
adult digenetic trematodes (Crepidostomum cornutum, Leuceruthrus micropteri, Phyllodistomum<br />
lohrenzi, Proterometra macrostoma), monogeneans (Actinocleidus gibbosus, A. brevicirrus, A.<br />
recurvatus, A. triangularis, Cleidodiscus alatus, C. glenorensis, C. robustus, C. venardi,<br />
Gyrodactylus avalonia, G. goerani, G. macrochiri, Haplodiscus dispar, H. furcatus, Lyrodiscus<br />
longibasus, L. minimus, L. rupestris, L. seminolensis, Onchocleidus chautauquaensis, O. ferox,<br />
O. helicus, O. pricinpalis, O. similis, Syncleithrum fusiformis, Pterocleidus acer, Tetracleidus<br />
banghami, T. capax, T. longus, T. stentor, Urocleidus acer, U. aculeatus, U. attenuatus, U.<br />
alatus, U. dispar, U. ferox), adult cestodes (Proteocephalus ambloplitis, P. fluviatilis),<br />
larval/immature cestodes (Dilepis sp.), adult nematodes (Camallanus oxycephalus, Raphidascaris<br />
acus), and copepods (Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, Ergasilus centrarchidarum). Parasite species only<br />
found in cyprinids were protozoans (Myxobolus bartai, M. burti, M. fanthami, M. hendrickson,<br />
M. pendula, M. xiaoi, Thelohanellus notatus, Zschokkella sp.), adult digenetic trematodes<br />
(Plagiocirrus primus, Plagioporus sinitsini, Prototransversotrema sp.), monogeneans<br />
(Dactylogyrus aureus, D. banghami, D. bulbus, D. cornutus, D. extensus, D. luxili,<br />
Gyrodactyloides sp., Gyrodactylus dechtiara, G. medius, G. stunkardi, Octomacrum semotili,<br />
Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii, Urocleidus brachus), adult cestodes (Pliovitellaria wisconsensis),<br />
and adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni, N. saginatus). <strong>Parasites</strong> only found<br />
432
in catostomids were protozoans (Myxobolus bibullatum), adult digenetic trematodes (Lissorchis<br />
attenuatus, Phyllodistomum lysteri), monogeneans (Acolpenteron catostomi, Anonchohaptor<br />
anomalus, Dactylogyrus ursus, Gyrodactylus spathulatus, Octomacrum lanceatum), adult<br />
cestodes (Hunterella nodulosa), larval cestodes (Ligula intestinalis), adult nematodes<br />
(Philometroides nodulosa, Rhabdochona milleri), adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus<br />
crassus, N. cristatus, Octospinifer macilentus), and leeches (Actinobdella inequiannulata).<br />
<strong>Parasites</strong> only found in percids were protozoans (Trichodina urinaria, Henneguya doori), adult<br />
digenetic trematodes (Bunodera luciopercae, Crepidostomum canadense, C. cooperi,<br />
Rhipidocotyle papillosum, Sanguinicola occidentalis), larval digenetic trematodes (Apophallus<br />
venustus, Diplostomum adamsi, D. huronense, Neascus sp.), monogeneans (Aethycteron hargisi,<br />
A. malleus, Gyrodactylus e<strong>the</strong>ostomae, G. freemani, Urocleidus adspectus), adult cestodes<br />
(Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, Proteocephalus pearsei, Triaenophorus stizostedionis), adult<br />
nematodes (Philometra cylindracea), adult acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus tenellus),<br />
copepods (Ergasilus confusus), and mollusks (Anodonta sp., Elliptio complanatus). <strong>Parasites</strong> only<br />
found in salmonids were adult digenetic trematodes (Phyllodistomum coregoni), larval/immature<br />
digenetic trematodes (Ichthyocotylurus intermedia), adult cestodes (Eubothrium salvelini,<br />
Proteocephalus exiguus, P. laruei), larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium ditremum,<br />
Diphyllobothrium sp., “rhyncobothrid” cestode, Triaenophorus crassus), adult nematodes<br />
(Capillaria salvelini, Cystidicola farionis, Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum), adult<br />
acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus tumidus), and copepods (Ach<strong>the</strong>res coregoni, Ergasilus<br />
nerkae, Salmincola extumescens).<br />
The numbers and percentages <strong>of</strong> autogenic and allogenic helminth species (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) for <strong>the</strong><br />
fish families, respectively, were Centrarchidae (20 species, 77%, 6 species, 23%), Cyprinidae (13<br />
species, 62%, 8 species, 38%), Catostomidae (12 species, 86%, 2 species, 14%), Percidae (27<br />
species, 69%, 12 species, 31%), and Salmonidae (13 species, 76%, 4 species, 24%).<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Parasite Communities—<strong>Fish</strong> Families<br />
The species involved in calculating Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity in <strong>the</strong><br />
five major fish families were Centrarchidae (Ambloplites rupestris, Lepomis gibbosus, L.<br />
macrochirus, Micropterus dolomieu, M. salmoides, Pomoxis annularis, P. nigromaculatus),<br />
Cyprinidae (Couesius plumbeus, Cyprinus carpio, Luxilus cornutus, Notemigonus crysoleucas,<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides, N. hudsonius, Phoxinus neogaeus, Pimephales notatus, P. promelas,<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae, R. obtusus, Semotilus atromaculatus), Catostomidae (Catostomus<br />
commersonii, Moxostoma erythrurum, M. macrolepidotum), Percidae (E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum, E.<br />
exile, E. nigrum, Perca flavescens, Percina caprodes, Sander vitreus), and Salmonidae<br />
(Coregonus artedi, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, C. kiyi, C. reighardi, Oncorhynchus kisutch, O.<br />
mykiss, Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush).<br />
The Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity were low for all fish-family<br />
comparisons (Table 29). These coefficients ranged <strong>from</strong> a low <strong>of</strong> 0.0227 (Salmonidae and<br />
Catostomidae) to to a high <strong>of</strong> 0.1588 (Centrarchidae and Percidae). The next highest coefficient<br />
involved <strong>the</strong> Percidae and Cyprinidae (0.1136).<br />
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Parasite species or a specific genus found in two or more fish families (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) were<br />
protozoans—Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (3); adult digenetic trematodes—Azygia angusticauda<br />
(3), Azygia longa (3), Bunodera sacculata (2), Crepidostomum isostomum (2); larval/immature<br />
digenetic trematodes—Apophallus brevis (3), Clinostomum complanatum (5), Crassiphiala<br />
bulboglossa (2), Diplostomum spathaceum (20), Posthodiplostomum minimum (6), Uvulifer<br />
ambloplitis (3), Ichthyocotylurus diminuta (2), Tylodelphys scheuringi (2); monogeneans—<br />
Gyrodactylus avalonia (4); adult cestodes-Cyathocephalus truncatus (2), Proteocephalus pearsei<br />
(2); larval/immature cestodes—Bothriocephalus cuspidatus (2), Proteocephalus ambloplitis (5),<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus (6); adult nematodes—Dichelyne cotylophora (3), Hysterothylacium<br />
brachyurum (3), Rhabdochona decaturensis (2), Rhabdochona ovifilamenta (2), Spinitectus<br />
carolini (2), Spinitectus gracilis (5); larval/immature nematodes—Cosmocephalus obvelatus (4),<br />
Paracuaria adunca (3), Contracaecum spiculigerum (2), Camallanus oxycephalus (3),<br />
Eustrongylides tubifex (3), Hysterothylacium brachyurum (2); adult acanthocephalans—<br />
Acanthocephalus dirus (6), Echinorhynchus salmonis (12), Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (8),<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (3), Neoechinorhynchus rutili (5), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli<br />
(2); leeches—Myzobdella lugubris (2); copepods—Argulus catostomi (2), Ergasilus caeruleus<br />
(4), Ergasilus luciopercarum (2); mollusks—glochidia <strong>of</strong> Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea (3).<br />
Discussion<br />
Lake Ontario is <strong>the</strong> smallest in surface area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> with an approximate length and<br />
width <strong>of</strong> 311 km and 85 km, respectively. Its mean depth (maximum) is 86 m (244 m). Its surface<br />
area is 18,960 km 2 . The major outflow <strong>of</strong> Lake Ontario is through <strong>the</strong> St. Lawrence River into <strong>the</strong><br />
Atlantic Ocean. Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (2000) listed 106 fish species that are established<br />
in Lake Ontario. A total <strong>of</strong> 60 fish species (57%) in 21 families <strong>from</strong> Lake Ontario have had <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
parasites studied. The numbers <strong>of</strong> fish species examined and not examined for parasites do not<br />
add up to 106 established fish species as listed by Cudmore-Vokey and Crossman (2000). One<br />
reason for this is that Moxostoma erythrurum, Coregonus hoyi, C. kiyi, C. reighardi, and<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis were examined for parasites <strong>from</strong> this lake, but <strong>the</strong>se species were not listed<br />
as being established.<br />
The most-extensive study <strong>of</strong> fish parasites in Lake Ontario was that by Dechtiar and Christie<br />
(1988) who reported 224 parasite species (not including agnaths) associated with 56 fish species.<br />
The numbers in each main parasite group <strong>the</strong>y found were Protozoa (20), Digenetic Trematoda<br />
(50), Monogenea (75), Cestoda (28), Nematoda (23) Acanthocephala (14), Crustacea (9),<br />
Hirudinea (4), and Mollusca (1). The number <strong>of</strong> parasite species found by Dechtiar and Christie<br />
(1988) in 56 fish species and summarized in this synopsis (226) <strong>from</strong> 62 fish species are very<br />
similar. Only five fish-parasite studies (making up 13% <strong>of</strong> all studies) have been done in this lake<br />
since 1980.<br />
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Pathogenic <strong>Parasites</strong><br />
Protozoans<br />
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis can cause weight loss and mortality in fish (Davis 1944; Elser 1955;<br />
and Allison and Kelly 1963). Trichodina spp. may cause severe hyperplasia <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gill lamellae<br />
and inflammation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ureters (Richardson 1938; Davis 1947; H<strong>of</strong>fman and Lom 1967). Several<br />
species <strong>of</strong> myxosporidians (Myxidium spp., Henneguya spp., Myxobolus spp., and Thelohanellus<br />
notatus) were found in <strong>the</strong> gills, kidney, muscle, mouth tissue, connective tissue, skin, cartilage,<br />
fins, heart, mesentery, and bile ducts, and can damage <strong>the</strong>ir fish host (Dogiel et al. 1958;<br />
Reichenbach-Kline and Elkan 1965; Reichenbach-Klinke 1973; Edwards et al. 1977). Glugea<br />
cepedianae, G. hertwigi, and G. pimephales can damage <strong>the</strong> mesentery and internal organs <strong>of</strong><br />
fish. The gonads <strong>of</strong> Osmerus mordax have been damaged by G. hertwigi (see Dechtiar 1972a;<br />
Nepszy et al. 1978; Putz et al. 1965).<br />
Digenetic Trematodes<br />
Adults <strong>of</strong> several species <strong>of</strong> Crepidostomum, Acetodextra amiuri, and Sanguinicola occidentalis<br />
can cause inflammation and lesions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intestine, reproductive system, and circulatory system<br />
in <strong>the</strong>ir fish hosts (Davis 1937; Perkins 1951, 1956; Wales 1958b). Of <strong>the</strong> larval digenetic<br />
trematodes, Clinostomum complanatum, Centrovarium lobotes, Crassiphiala bulboglossa,<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, Uvulifer ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, A. venustus,<br />
Ichthyocotylurus diminuta, I. intermedia, Ichthyocotylurus sp., and Tylodelphys scheuringi can be<br />
considered pathogens to fish as well as play a role in anglers discarding infected fish because <strong>of</strong><br />
unsightly parasites (Kozicka 1958; Meyer 1958; Wales 1958b; Bychovskaya-Pavlovskaya and<br />
Petrushevski 1963; Dukes 1975). Smi<strong>the</strong>rman (1968) demonstrated that fingerlings <strong>of</strong> Lepomis<br />
macrochirus had a significant reduction in growth and increased mortality when infected with<br />
more than 353 metacercariae <strong>of</strong> Posthodiplostomum minimum. The three species <strong>of</strong> Diplostomum<br />
can possibly cause subcapsular cataracts, lens discoloration and blindness, exopthalmic condition,<br />
and emaciation (Shariff et al. 1980). Crowden and Broom (1980) reported that Leuciscus<br />
leuciscus heavily infected with Diplostomum spathaceum spent more time feeding but caught<br />
fewer Gammarus, and spent more time in <strong>the</strong> surface water, which increased <strong>the</strong>ir vulnerability to<br />
predators.<br />
Monogeneans<br />
The ancyrocephalids, Dactylogyrus spp., Diclybothrium armatum, Gyrodactylus spp., and<br />
Tetraonchus monenteron can cause thinning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> epidermis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gills, excessive mucus<br />
production, epi<strong>the</strong>lial hyperplasia, and can produce portals <strong>of</strong> entry for secondary fungal<br />
infections (Mizelle 1938; Tripathi 1959; Dogiel et al. 1958; Prost 1963; Lester and Adams 1974;<br />
H<strong>of</strong>fman 1976; Wobeser et al. 1976; Cusack and Cone 1986).<br />
435
Cestodes<br />
Several adult cestodes (Eubothrium salvelini, Cyathocephalus truncatus, Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus, Triaenophorus stizostedionis) can be considered pathogens <strong>of</strong> fish by causing<br />
inflammation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intestinal epi<strong>the</strong>lium, disruption <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mucosa, and rupture <strong>of</strong> blood vessels<br />
at point <strong>of</strong> attachment. Eubothrium salvelini retarded <strong>the</strong> growth and condition factor, caused<br />
poor swimming performance, and caused aberrant behavior <strong>of</strong> Oncorhynchus nerka, <strong>the</strong>reby<br />
increasing susceptibility to predation (Smith and Margolis 1970; Smith 1973; Boyce 1979).<br />
Eubothrium salvelini also reduced condition factor in Salvelinus alpinus (see H<strong>of</strong>fman et al.<br />
1986). Vik (1958) reported that Cyathocephalus truncatus caused <strong>the</strong> distension and perforation<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ceca and also mortality <strong>of</strong> trout. Proteocephalus exiguus and P. laruei were possibly<br />
involved in <strong>the</strong> mortality <strong>of</strong> young coregonines (Nümann 1972).<br />
Plerocercoids <strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. laruei, Proteocephalus ambloplitis,<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus, and T. stizostedionis can be pathogenic to fish. Duguid and Sheppard<br />
(1944) and H<strong>of</strong>fman and Dunbar (1961) reported that Diphyllobothrium sp. caused an epizootic<br />
in Salvelinus fontinalis and S. alpinus. A major decline <strong>of</strong> Salmo trutta and Salvelinus alpinus in<br />
Norway was caused by Diphyllobothrium sp. (Vik 1965). Plerocercoids <strong>of</strong> Proteocephalus<br />
ambloplitis can cause severe damage to gonads, liver, spleen, and mesentery <strong>of</strong> Micropterus spp.<br />
and o<strong>the</strong>r fish species (Bangham 1972; Dechtiar 1972a; Esch and Huffines 1973; McCormick and<br />
Stokes 1982). Esch and Huffines (1973) and McCormick and Stokes (1982) demonstrated that <strong>the</strong><br />
plerocercoids <strong>of</strong> Proteocephalus ambloplitis in female Micropterus dolomieu reduced <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
reproductive capacity by loss <strong>of</strong> oogenic tissue caused by scarring <strong>of</strong> ovaries, fibrosis, and direct<br />
oocyte destruction. Stromberg and Crites (1974a) reported that plerocercoids <strong>of</strong> Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus infecting <strong>the</strong> mesentery and liver <strong>of</strong> Morone chrysops caused an acute inflammatory<br />
response, hemorrhage, liver necrosis, squamous metaplasia, fibrosis, and liver tissue<br />
displacement. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, Dechtiar and Christie (1988) reported that <strong>the</strong> livers <strong>of</strong> Morone<br />
chrysops had moderate to heavy infection <strong>of</strong> Triaenophorus nodulosus, causing serious problems.<br />
Nematodes<br />
Black (1984) reported that lesions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> swim bladder <strong>of</strong> Salvelinus namaycush may develop as a<br />
result <strong>of</strong> chronic mechanical irritation caused by mature Cystidicola stigmatura. Lankester and<br />
Smith (1980) reported that Cystidicola farionis caused raised ulcers in <strong>the</strong> swim bladders <strong>of</strong><br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss. Willers et al. (1991) and Knudsen et al. (2002) reported histopathological<br />
changes in swim bladders <strong>of</strong> Salvelinus alpinus infected with Cystidicola farionis.<br />
Larvae <strong>of</strong> several nematodes (Cosmocephalus obvelatus, Paracuaria adunca, Contracaecum<br />
spiculigerum, Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Hysterothylacium sp. Eustrongylides tubifex,<br />
Spiroxys sp., and Philometra cylindracea) can cause problems and damage to a variety <strong>of</strong> nonintestinal<br />
sites in fishes when <strong>the</strong>y occur in high intensities, and encysted or non-encysted.<br />
Eustrongylides tubifex, commonly called <strong>the</strong> large redworm, can cause <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> large<br />
capsules in infected fish. Crites (1982) indicated that <strong>the</strong> larvae <strong>of</strong> Eustrongylides tubifex become<br />
encapsulated by <strong>the</strong> tissues <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> organs <strong>the</strong>y penetrate. He fur<strong>the</strong>r suggested <strong>the</strong>re is evidence<br />
that as <strong>the</strong>se capsules in <strong>the</strong> body wall continue to grow and enlarge <strong>the</strong>y put pressure on <strong>the</strong><br />
436
viscera, which may castrate and even kill infected Perca flavescens. Larvae <strong>of</strong> Eustrongylides<br />
tubifex and adults <strong>of</strong> Philometra cylindracea may play a role in reduced growth and high<br />
mortality <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens (see Allison 1966; Crites 1982; and Salz 1989). If infected fish are<br />
not cleaned in a timely manner, <strong>the</strong>se redworms may move out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se capsules into <strong>the</strong> body<br />
cavity and cause anglers to possibly discard <strong>the</strong> infected fish.<br />
Acanthocephalans<br />
High intensities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> acanthocephalans Acanthocephalus dirus, Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, and Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus can cause fibrosis, inflammation and<br />
hemorrhaging <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intestinal wall <strong>of</strong> fish resulting in impaired nutrient uptake (Petrushevski and<br />
Kogteva 1954; Bullock 1963; Schmidt et al. 1974; McDonough and Gleason 1981).<br />
Leeches<br />
Only Actinobdella inequiannulata, Myzobdella lugubris, and Piscicola sp. have been reported<br />
<strong>from</strong> Lake Ontario fishes but in low prevalences and/or intensities. They are <strong>of</strong> minor<br />
pathological importance, except possibly for A. inequiannulata that can damage <strong>the</strong> gills and<br />
operculum <strong>of</strong> catostomids (Dechtiar and Lawrie 1988).<br />
Crustaceans<br />
The copepod parasites Ergasilus spp., Argulus catostomi, and Ach<strong>the</strong>res spp. can be considered<br />
serious pathogens when <strong>the</strong>y occur in high intensities. Copepod movements on <strong>the</strong> gills <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
can cause destruction and hypertrophy <strong>of</strong> gill filaments. The first legs <strong>of</strong> Ergasilus spp. detach<br />
epi<strong>the</strong>lial and underlying cells <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir attachment area and sweep <strong>the</strong>m toward <strong>the</strong> mouth. Heavy<br />
infections with Ergasilus spp. can severely damage gill tissue, interfere with respiration, open <strong>the</strong><br />
way to secondary infection, and lead to death (Roberts and Janovy 2009). Although not in Lake<br />
Ontario, fish mortalities caused by parasitic copepods have been reported by Schumacher (1952),<br />
Allum and Hugghins (1959), Kabata (1970), and Rogers and Hawke (1978). Argulus spp., when<br />
feeding and attached, cause severe localized damage to <strong>the</strong> integument <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir hosts, and <strong>the</strong>se<br />
wounds may become secondarily infected with bacteria and fungi (Piasecki and Avenant-<br />
Oldewage 2008). Ach<strong>the</strong>res spp. attached to <strong>the</strong> gill filaments can cause epi<strong>the</strong>lial hyperplasia,<br />
gill lamellae fusion, and partial or total loss <strong>of</strong> gill filaments (Piasecki and Avenant-Oldewage<br />
2008).<br />
Molluscs<br />
The glochidia <strong>of</strong> Anondonta sp., Elliptio complanatus, and Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea have<br />
been identified on <strong>the</strong> gills and fins <strong>of</strong> fish. Karna and Milleman (1978) reported that heavy<br />
infestations <strong>of</strong> glochidia can result in early death <strong>of</strong> fish by asphyxiation.<br />
437
Parasite Host Specificity—Jaccard Coefficients<br />
Forty-one parasite species reported <strong>from</strong> fish in two or more families make up 18% <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong><br />
parasites reported <strong>from</strong> fish in this lake. These 41 parasite species have indirect life cycles with<br />
fish becoming infected by eating intermediate hosts or paratenic hosts, except for<br />
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Gyrodactylus avalonia, Myzobdella lugubris, Argulus catostomi, and<br />
Ergasilus spp. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 41 species were digenetic trematodes (29%) and nematodes (27%).<br />
Only one monogenean species was shared between fish families. There are 185 parasite species<br />
that are host specific to one fish species or family in Lake Ontario.<br />
Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> similarity for <strong>the</strong> parasite communities between individuals in <strong>the</strong> five<br />
fish-family comparisons were low, indicating <strong>the</strong>se families did not share many parasite species.<br />
As was <strong>the</strong> case in <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Erie, <strong>the</strong> highest coefficient (0.1158) involved <strong>the</strong> Percidae<br />
and Centrarchidae. Although fish in Centrarchidae and Percidae have <strong>the</strong> most parasite species<br />
(69 and 58, respectively), <strong>the</strong>se two families shared only 17 parasite species and this maximum<br />
coefficient was <strong>the</strong> lowest maximum in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>. The next highest coefficient involved <strong>the</strong><br />
Percidae and Cyprinidae (0.1136).,<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> Families—Parasite Communities<br />
The monogeneans were <strong>the</strong> most-common parasite group, in terms <strong>of</strong> percentage, infecting <strong>the</strong><br />
cyprinids, catostomids, and centrarchids. The digenetic trematodes were <strong>the</strong> most-common group<br />
in <strong>the</strong> percids. Cestodes were <strong>the</strong> most-common parasite group found in <strong>the</strong> salmonids.<br />
Most fish species examined for parasites <strong>from</strong> Lake Ontario were cyprinids (12 species) followed<br />
by salmonids (9 species). Cyprinids and salmonids harbored 47 and 21 parasite species,<br />
respectively. The centrarchids were infected with <strong>the</strong> most parasite species (69) followed by <strong>the</strong><br />
percids (58 species). Catostomids were infected with 25 parasite species and had <strong>the</strong> highest<br />
percentage <strong>of</strong> autogenic helminth species. Cyprinids had <strong>the</strong> highest percentage (38%) <strong>of</strong><br />
allogenic helminth species. As with <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, allogenic species did not make up 50%<br />
or more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parasites found in <strong>the</strong>se fish families. Based on <strong>the</strong> literature regarding <strong>the</strong><br />
numbers <strong>of</strong> fish species examined in each family and <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> parasite species found, Lake<br />
Ontario is characterized by a mixture <strong>of</strong> cyprinids, centrarchids, and percids and <strong>the</strong>ir autogenic<br />
helminth species followed by <strong>the</strong> catostomids and salmonids with <strong>the</strong>ir autogenic parasites.<br />
The autogenic helminth species found that mature in fish include <strong>the</strong> larval/immature digenetic<br />
trematodes (Bucephalus sp., Centrovarium lobotes), larval/immature cestodes (Bothriocephalus<br />
cuspidatus, bothricephalid plerocercoids, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, Proteocephalus sp.,<br />
Triaenophorus crassus, T. nodulosus, T. stizostedionis) and larval/immature nematodes<br />
(Hysterothylacium brachyurum, Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris acus, Camallanus<br />
oxycephalus, Spinitectus sp., Philometra cylindracea, Rhabdochona sp.). Of <strong>the</strong> allogenic<br />
helminth species found in fish, larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematodes <strong>of</strong> Clinostomum complanatum,<br />
Crassiphiala bulboglossa, Diplostomum adamsi, D. spathaceum, D. spathaceum huronensis,<br />
Diplostomum sp., Neascus sp., Posthodiplostomum minimum, P. minimum centrarchi, Uvulifer<br />
438
ambloplitis, Apophallus brevis, A. venustus, Ichthyocotylurus diminuta, I. intermedia,<br />
Ichthyocotylurus sp., and Tylodelphys scheuringi mature in piscivorous birds; larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
cestode Dilepis sp. mature in piscivorous reptiles, birds or mammals; larvae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cestodes <strong>of</strong><br />
Diphyllobothrium ditremum and Ligula intestinalis mature in piscivorous birds; larvae <strong>of</strong><br />
Diphyllobothrium laruei mature in mammals; non-intestinal nematode larvae <strong>of</strong> Cosmocephalus<br />
obvelatus, Paracuaria adunca, Contracaecum spiculigerum, and Eustrongylides tubifex mature in<br />
piscivorous birds; and Spiroxys sp. matures in turtles.<br />
Table 26. <strong>Parasites</strong> reported in fishes <strong>from</strong> Lake Ontario, 1930-2010. Host documentation, in<br />
order, consists <strong>of</strong> references; when observed (cdnp = collection date not provided); prevalence<br />
defined as <strong>the</strong> percentage (%) <strong>of</strong> fish infected (pnp = prevalence not provided); mean intensity<br />
defined as <strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong> parasites per infected fish (minp = mean intensity not provided);<br />
for <strong>the</strong> Dechtiar et al. (1988) article, intensity <strong>of</strong> infection (L = light, 1-9 parasites per host; M =<br />
medium, 10-49 parasites per host; and H = heavy, >50 parasites per host); location (lns = location<br />
not specified or incomplete); latitude and longitude (llnk = latitude/longitude not known).<br />
Ciliophora (Ciliates)<br />
Ichthyophthiriidae Kent, 1881<br />
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body surface, fins, gills<br />
Host:<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 2%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Trichodinidae Raabe, 1959<br />
Trichodina urinaria Dogiel, 1940<br />
Synonym: Trichodina algonquinensis Li and Desser, 1983<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Trichodina sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
439
Table 26, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 28%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 4%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Trichodina sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host:<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 15%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 10%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Trichophryidae Fraipont, 1878<br />
Capriniana piscium (Buetschli, 1889) Jankovski, 1973<br />
Synonym: Trichophrya piscium Buetschli, 1889; Trichophrya sinensis Chen, 1955; Trichophyra intermedia<br />
Prost, 1952; Trichophrya micropteri Davis, 1947; Trichophrya ictalurus Davis, 1942; Trichophrya<br />
salvelinus Davis, 1942; Capriniana aurantiaca Strand, 1926<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Capriniana sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 17%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Scyphidiidae Kahl, 1933<br />
Scyphidia micropteri Surber, 1940<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 7%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
440
Table 26, continued.<br />
Scyphidia sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxozoa (Myxozoans)<br />
Myxidiidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Myxidium illinoisense Meglitsch, 1937<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills, kidney<br />
Host: Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Henneguya acuta Bond, 1939<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Henneguya doori Guilford, 1963<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Henneguya exilis Kudo, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Henneguya sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario, llnk<br />
Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964, October 1967, July 1968; 4%; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968 and May 1968-September 1968; pnp;<br />
minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
441
Table 26, continued.<br />
Myxobolus bartai Salim and Desser, 2000<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intracellular in striated muscle<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; August 2001; 93%; minp; Hamilton Harbor; 43°17´N,<br />
79°40´W<br />
Myxobolus bibullatum (Kudo, 1934) Landsberg and Lom, 1991<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma bibullatum Kudo, 1934<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Chritsie 1988; 1961-1971; 65%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolus burti Cone and Marcogliese 2010<br />
Synonym: Myxobolus sp. <strong>of</strong> Cone et al. 2004<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Intracelleular in striated muscle<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; August 2001; 46%; minp; Hamilton Harbor; 43°17´N,<br />
79°40´W<br />
Myxobolus dentium Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1939<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mouth tissue<br />
Host: Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolus fanthami Landsberg and Lom, 1991<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Loose connective tissue <strong>of</strong> head, body, gut<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; August 2001; 46%; minp; Hamilton Harbor; 43°17´N,<br />
79°40´W<br />
Myxobolus hendricksoni Mitchell, Seymour and Gamble, 1985<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intracellular among tissues <strong>of</strong> brain<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; August 2001; 6%; minp; Hamilton Harbor; 43°17´N, 79°40´W<br />
Myxobolus pendula (Guilford, 1967)<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma pendula (Guilford, 1967)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
442
Table 26, continued.<br />
Myxobolus procercum (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Synonym: Myxosoma procercum (Kudo, 1934) Lom and Noble, 1984<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Skin<br />
Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 26%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Myxobolus xiaoi Salim and Desser, 2000<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Cartilaginous tissue<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; August 2001; 33%; minp; Hamilton Harbor; 43°17´N,<br />
79°40´W<br />
Myxobolus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, gills, heart, muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 33%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 4%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 7%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Thelohanellus notatus (Mavor 1916) Kudo, 1933<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body musculature, mesenteries, base <strong>of</strong> fins<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; August 2001; 20%; minp; Hamilton Harbor; 43°17´N,<br />
79°40´W<br />
Zschokkella sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Bile ducts <strong>of</strong> liver<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Cone et al. 2004; August 2001; 6%; minp; Hamilton Harbor; 43°17´N, 79°40´W<br />
443
Table 26, continued.<br />
Microspora (Microsporans)<br />
Glugeidae Thelohan, 1892<br />
Glugea cepedianae (Putz, H<strong>of</strong>fman and Dunbar, 1965) Canning, Lom and Dykova, 1986<br />
Synonym: Pleistophora cepedianae Putz et al. 1965<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Glugea hertwigi Weissenberg, 1911<br />
Synonym: Glugea hertwigi var. canadensis Fantham, Porter and Richardson, 1941<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestinal wall, ovaries and mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Chen and Power 1972; April 1968- May 1969; 63%; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 23%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Ehlinger 1966; pnp; minp; Port Ontario; 43°34′0′′/-76°11′16′′<br />
Glugea pimephales (Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1941) Morrison, H<strong>of</strong>fman, and Sprague, 1985<br />
Synonym: Nosema pimephales Fantham et al. 1941<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Internal organs, muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Adult Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Acanthocolpidae Luhe, 1909<br />
Skrjabinopsolus manteri (Cable, 1952) Cable, 1955<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; upper St. Lawrence River,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Allocreadiidae Loos, 1902<br />
Bunodera luciopercae (Muller, 1776) Luhe, 1909<br />
Synonym: Bunodera nodulosa Froelich, 11791<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-September 1969; 30%; 7; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
444
Table 26, continued.<br />
Bunodera sacculata (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Yamaguti, 1958<br />
Synonym: Bunoderina sacculata<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-September 1969; 17%; 7; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Bunoderina eucaliae Miller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Bunodera eucaliae (Miller, 1936)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 41%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Crepidostomum canadense Hopkins 1931<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Intestine]<br />
Host: E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Hopkins 1931; June 1912; pnp; minp; Go-Home Bay, Ontario; llnk<br />
Crepidostomum cooperi Hopkins, 1931<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum ambloplitis Hopkins, 1931; Crepidostomum solidum Van Cleave and Mueller,<br />
1932; Crepidostomum fausti Hunninen and Hunter, 1933; Crepidostomum laureatum <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904)<br />
and Cooper (1915) (partim); Bunodera nodulosa <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904) (partim), Crepidostomum cornutum <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper (1915) (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Hopkins 1931; June 1912; pnp; minp; Go-Home Bay, Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario,<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 2%; 1; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
445
Table 26, continued.<br />
Crepidostomum cornutum (Osborn, 1903) Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 39%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 29%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Crepidostomum isostomum Hopkins, 1931<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum laureatum <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915) (partim); Crepidostomum canadense Hopkins,<br />
1931<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 46%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Percina caprodes: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 60%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Crepidostomum lintoni (Pratt and Linton, 1901) Hopkins, 1933<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum petalosum Lander<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; upper St. Lawrence River,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Crepidostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Hopkins 1931; June 1912; pnp; minp; Go-Home Bay, Ontario; llnk<br />
Creptotrema funduli Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: ?Allocreadium commune <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1915 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Umbra limi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Plagiocirrus primus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
446
Table 26, continued.<br />
Azygidae Luhe, 1909<br />
Azygia angusticauda (Stafford, 1904) Manter, 1926<br />
Synonym: Mimodistomum angusticaudum Stafford, 1904; Ptychogonimus fontanus Lyster, 1939<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 43%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Azygia longa (Leidy, 1851) Manter, 1926<br />
Synonym: Megadistomum longum (Leidy, 1851); Azygia acuminata Goldberger, 1911; Azygia lucii <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper, 1915; Azygia tereticolle <strong>of</strong> Stafford, 1904<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Amia calva: Dectiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Leuceruthrus micropteri Marshall and Gilbert, 1905<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Proterometra macrostoma (Faust, 1918) Horsfall, 1934<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Bucephalidae Poche, 1907<br />
Prosorhynchoides pusilla Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: Bucephalopsis pusilla (Stafford, 1904); Bucephalus pusillus (Stafford, 1904); Gasterostomum<br />
pusillum (Stafford, 1904)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
447
Table 26, continued.<br />
Cryptogonimidae (Ward, 1917) Ciurea, 1933<br />
Acetodextra amiuri (Stafford, 1904) Pearse, 1924<br />
Synonym: Monostomum amiuri (Stafford, 1900) Pearse, 1924<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Air bladder, ovaries<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Allacanthochasmus artus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Allacanthochasmus varius Van Cleave, 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Neochasmus umbellus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gorgoderidae Looss, 1901<br />
Phyllodistomum coregoni Dechtiar, 1966<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Phyllodistomum lohrenzi (Loewen, 1935)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Phyllodistomum lysteri Miller, 1940<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
448
Table 26, continued.<br />
Phyllodistomum staffordi Pearse, 1924<br />
Synonym: Phyllodistomum folium (Olfers, 1816) (partim) <strong>of</strong> Stafford (1902); Phyllodistomum superbum<br />
Stafford, 1904 (partim); ?Phyllodistomum carolini Holl, 1929; Phyllodistomum lacustri <strong>of</strong> Dechtiar (1972)<br />
and Dechtiar and Nepszy (1988); Phyllodistomum hunteri Arnold, 1934<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Phyllodistomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Urinary bladder<br />
Host: Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Homalometridae (Cable and Hunninen, 1942) Yamaguti, 1971<br />
Synonym: Anallocreadiidae Hunter and Bangham, 1932<br />
Homalometron armatum (MacCallum, 1895) Manter, 1947<br />
Synonym: Distomum isoporum var. armatum MacCallum, 1895; Anallocreadium armatum MacCallum,<br />
1895 Simer, 1929; Bunodera armatum (MacCallum, 1895); Anallocreadium pearsei Hunter and Bangham,<br />
1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 42%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepocreadiidae (Odhner, 1905) Nicoll, 1935<br />
Megalogonia ictaluri Surber, 1928<br />
Synonym: Crepidostomum ictaluri Surber, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 60%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Lissorchidae (Poche, 1926) Yamaguti, 1971<br />
Lissorchis attenuatus (Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932) Krygier and Macy, 1969<br />
Synonym: Triganodistomum attenuatum Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Macroderodiidae McMullen, 1957<br />
Alloglossidium corti (Lamont, 1921) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Plagiorchis corti Lamont, Plagiorchis ameiurensis McCoy, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
449
Table 26, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 60%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Glossidium geminum (Mueller, 1930) Yamaguti, 1954<br />
Synonym: Alloglossidium geminus (Mueller, 1930); Plagiorchis geminum Mueller, 1930<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 15%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Macroderoides typicus (Winfield, 1929) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Amia calva: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Microphallidae (Ward, 1901) Travassos, 1920<br />
Microphallus opacus (Ward, 1894) Ward, 1901<br />
Synonym: Distomum opacum Ward, 1894; Microphallus opacus ovatus Strandine, 1943<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925<br />
Plagioporus sinitsini Mueller, 1934b<br />
Synonym: ?Allocreadium commune <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1915 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gall bladder, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 36%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sanguinicolidae Graaff, 1907<br />
Sanguinicola occidentalis Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Blood<br />
Host: Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
450
Table 26, continued.<br />
Transversotrematidae Witenberg, 1944 (Yamaguti, 1954)<br />
Prototransversotrema sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Under scales<br />
Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; Credit River, Ontario; 43°33′0′′/-<br />
79°34′59′′<br />
Remarks: This is <strong>the</strong> only report <strong>of</strong> Prototransversotrema infecting a fish in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes)<br />
Bucephalidae Poche, 1907<br />
Bucephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Clinostomidae Luhe, 1901<br />
Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Braun, 1899<br />
Synonym: Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Braun, 1879; ?Clinostomum gracile <strong>of</strong> Stafford,<br />
1904; ?Distomum gracile <strong>of</strong> Wright, 1879<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Gill arches, muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964, October 1967, July 1968; 4%; 1; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; 2%; 1; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Remarks: Dzikowski et al. (2004) stated Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum are<br />
distinct species based on differences in ribosomal DNA.<br />
451
Table 26, continued.<br />
Cryptogonimidae (Ward, 1917) Ciurea, 1933<br />
Centrovarium lobotes (MacCallum, 1895) Stafford, 1904<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886<br />
Crassiphiala bulboglossa Poirier, 1886<br />
Synonym: Neascus bulboglossa (Van Haitsma, 1925)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 43%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 11%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Diplostomum adamsi Lester and Huizinga, 1977<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Lester 1977; May-November 1974; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-<br />
77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Lester and Huizinga 1977; cdnp; 86%; 53; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Diplostomum huronense (La Rue, 1927) Hughes and Hall, 1929<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: vitreous humor<br />
Host:<br />
Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969c; 1967 and 1968; 3%; 2; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-<br />
77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 89%; 26; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Remarks: Some investigators believe Diplostomum huronense is a synonym <strong>of</strong> Diplostomum spathaceum.<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876<br />
Synonym: Diplostomulum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819), Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1832;<br />
Diplostomum volvens Nordmann, 1833 <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915); probably Diplostomum emarginatae Olivier,<br />
1942; Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks, 1928); Diplostomum indistinctum; Diplostomum gigas<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye<br />
452
Table 26, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; upper St. Lawrence River, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Amia calva: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 25%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 66%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 42%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 76%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 91%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 30%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Umbra limi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 71%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; Credit River; 43°33′0′′/-79°34′59′′;<br />
and Shelter Valley Creek, Ontario; llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 39%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
453
Table 26, continued.<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum huronense (La Rue, 1927) Hughes, 1929<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Diplostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Brain<br />
Host: Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 36%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Diplostomum sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye<br />
Host: Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Neascus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 2%; 3; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum (MacCallum, 1921) Dubois, 1936<br />
Synonym: Neascus vancleavi (Agersborg, 1926); Diplostomum cuticola (Nordmann, 1832) Diesing, 1850<br />
<strong>of</strong> Stafford (1904) and Cooper (1915); Posthodiplostomum cuticola (Nordmann, 1832) Dubois, 1936 <strong>of</strong><br />
Margolis and Arthur (1979)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills, liver, mesentery, internal organs<br />
454
Table 26, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971 3%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 25%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum centrarchi H<strong>of</strong>fman, 1958<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 35%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Uvulifer ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927) Dubois, 1938<br />
Synonym: Neascus ambloplitis Hughes, 1927; Crassiphiala ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927) Hunter and Hunter,<br />
1931; Neascus wardi Hunter, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Heterophyidae Leiper, 1909<br />
Apophallus brevis Ransom, 1920<br />
Synonym: Apophallus americanus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932; Apophallus itascaensis Warren, 1953;<br />
Distomum sp. larva <strong>of</strong> Cooper (1915)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964, October 1967, July 1968; 10%; 1; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 30%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
455
Table 26, continued.<br />
Apophallus venustus (Ransom, 1920)<br />
Synonym: Cotylophallus venustus<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Strigeidae Railliet, 1919<br />
Ichthyocotylurus diminuta (Hughes, 1928)<br />
Synonym: Tetracotyle diminuta Hughes, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Kidney, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 54%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ichthyocotylurus intermedia (Hughes, 1928)<br />
Synonym: Tetracotyle intermedia Hughes, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Heart, kidney<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 60%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; Credit River; 43°33′0′′/-79°34′59′′; Shelter<br />
Valley Creek, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ichthyocotylurus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Heart, kidney, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Umbra limi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 29%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 70%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus cognatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
456
Table 26, continued.<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 29%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 49%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 46%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Tylodelphys scheuringi (Hughes, 1929) Dubois, 1938<br />
Synonym: Diplostomulum scheuringi Hughes, 1929<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Eye, vitreous humor<br />
Host:<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario,<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavesens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 15%; 3; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Percina caprodes: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 60%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Aspidobothrea (Aspidobothreans)<br />
Aspidogasteridae Poche, 1907<br />
Cotylogaster occidentalis Nickerson, 1902<br />
Synonym: Cotylogasteroides occidentalis Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Monogenea (Monogeneans)<br />
Ancyrocephalidae Bykhovski and Nagibina, 1978<br />
Actinocleidus brevicirrus Mizelle and Jaskoski, 1942<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Actinocleidus gibbosus Mizelle and Donahue 1944<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
457
Table 26, continued.<br />
Actinocleidus mizellei Hanek and Fernando 1972a<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Micropterus salmoides: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake,<br />
Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Actinocleidus recurvatus Mizelle and Donahue, 1944<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 35%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Actinocleidus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Aethycteron hargisi (Hanek and Fernando, 1972a) Suriano and Beverley-<br />
Burton, 1982<br />
Synonym: Urocleidus hargisi Hanek and Fernando, 1982<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′); Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Aethycteron malleus (Mueller, 1938) Suriano and Beverley-Burton, 1982<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus malleus Mueller, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Percina caprodes: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Aethycteron sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 60%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
458
Table 26, continued.<br />
Anchorodiscus triangularis (Summers, 1937) Mizelle, 1941a<br />
Synonym: Actinocleidus triangularis Summers, 1937; Actinocleidus anchoradiscus (Mizelle, 1941)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cleidodiscus baldwini (Dechtiar, 1974) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Urocleidus baldwini Dechtiar, 1974<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar 1974a; 1969; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 90%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cleidodiscus brachus (Mueller, 1938), Price, 1968<br />
Synonym: ?Urocleidus brachus<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cleidodiscus robustus Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus incisor, Actinocleidus incisor<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Cleidodiscus vancleavi Mizelle, 1936<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Gills<br />
Host: Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake,<br />
Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Cleidodiscus venardi Mizelle and Jaskoski, 1942<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
459
Table 26, continued.<br />
Cleidodiscus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964; October 1967; July 1968; pnp; minp;<br />
Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ligictaluridus floridanus (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus floridanus Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus mirabilis Mueller, 1937 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 67%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ligictaluridus monticelli (Cognetti de Martiis, 1924), Klassen and Beverley and Burton, 1985<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Nares<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 21%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ligictaluridus pricei (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus pricei Mueller, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 44%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake, Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lyrodiscus longibasus Rogers, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pomoxis annularis: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar 1973; pnp; minp; lns<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 48%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
460
Table 26, continued.<br />
Lyrodiscus minimus Kritsky and Hathaway, 1969<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lyrodiscus rupestris Dechtiar, 1973<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, nares, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lyrodiscus seminolensis Rogers, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar 1973; cdnp; pnp; minp; Trenton, Ontario; 44°6′0′′/-77°34′59′′<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Onchocleidus acer Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Pterocleidus acer (Mueller, 1936) Mueller, 1937; Urocleidus acer (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and<br />
Hughes, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1980; cdnp; pnp; minp; Hamilton, Ontario; 43°15′0′′/-<br />
79°35′59′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Remarks: Wheeler and Beverley-Burton (1989) list this as Cleidodiscus acer (Mueller, 1936) Price and<br />
Mura, 1969; Haplocleidus acer (Mueller, 1936) Yamaguti, 1963; Onchocleidus acer Mueller, 1936<br />
(Synonym: Pterocleidus acer (Mueller, 1936) Mueller, 1937; Urocleidus acer (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and<br />
Hughes, 1938.<br />
461
Table 26, continued.<br />
Onchocleidus attenuatus (Mizelle, 1941) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Urocleidus attenuatus Mizelle, 1941<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1973; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Onchocleidus chautauquaensis (Mueller, 1938) Murith and Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus chautauquaensis (Mueller, 1938) Yamaguti, 1963; Tetracleidus chautauquaensis<br />
(Mueller, 1938) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 44%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1973; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978b; November 1971-October 1971; pnp; minp; Glenora;<br />
llnk; West Lake, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978c; May 1970-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora; llnk;<br />
West Lake, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Onchocleidus chrysops (Mizelle and Klucka, 1953) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus chrysops (Mizelle and Klucka, 1953) Price and Mura, 1969; Urocleidus chrysops<br />
Mizelle and Klucka, 1953<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Onchocleidus dispar Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Haplocleidus dispar (Mueller, 1936) Mueller, 1937; Urocleidus dispar (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle<br />
and Hughes, 1938; Cleidodiscus dispar (Mueller, 1936) Price and Mura, 1969<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1980; cdnp; pnp; minp; Hamilton, Ontario; 43°15′0′′/-<br />
79°49′59′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 38%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
462
Table 26, continued.<br />
Onchocleidus ferox (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Urocleidus ferox Mueller, 1934; Onchocleidus nucronatus Mizelle, 1936; Cleidodiscus ferox<br />
(Mueller, 1934) Price and Mura, 1969<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1981; cdnp; pnp; minp; Hamilton, Ontario; 43°15′0′′/-<br />
79°49′59′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 35%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 19%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Onchocleidus furcatus (Mueller, 1937)<br />
Synonym: Haplocleidus furcatus Mueller, 1937; Urocleidus furcatus (Mueller, 1937) Mizelle and Hughes,<br />
1938; Cleidodiscus furcatus (Mueller, 1937) Price and Mura, 1969<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 64%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Onchocleidus helicis Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus helicus (Mueller, 1936) Price and Mura, 1969; Urocleidus helicus (Mueller, 1936)<br />
Mizelle and Hughes, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 71%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Remarks: This species is considered a species inquirendae by Wheeler and Beverly-Burton (1989).<br />
Onchocleidus principalis Mizelle, 1936<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus principalis (Mizelle, 1936) Price and Mura, 1969; Onchocleidus contortus<br />
Mueller, 1937; Urocleidus principalis (Mizelle, 1936) Mizelle and Hughes 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
463
Table 26, continued.<br />
Onchocleidus similis Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus similis (Mueller, 1936) Price and Mura, 1969; not Cleidodiscus similis Allison,<br />
1967; Onchocleidus procax (Mizelle and Donahue, 1944) Yamaguti, 1963; Urocleidus procax Mizelle and<br />
Donahue, 1944; Urocleidus similis (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1981; cdnp; pnp; minp; Hamilton, Ontario;<br />
43°15′0′′/-79°49′59′′<br />
Salsuginus fundulus (Mizelle, 1940) Murith and Beverley-Burton, 1985<br />
Synonym: Urocleidus fundulus Mizelle, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Syncleithrium fusiformis (Mueller, 1934) Price, 1967<br />
Synonym: Actinocleidus fusiformis (Mueller, 1934) Mueller, 1937; Ancyrocephalus cruciatus (Cooper,<br />
1915) Mueller, 1936; Cleidodiscus fusiformis Mueller, 1934<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake, Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 71%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Tetracleidus banghami Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus banghami (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Gills<br />
Host: Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 64%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Tetracleidus capax (Mizelle, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus capax Mizelle, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 57%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
464
Table 26, continued.<br />
Tetracleidus glenorensis (Hanek and Fernando 1972) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus glenorensis (Hanek and Fernando, 1972)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978b; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora;<br />
llnk; West Lake, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978c; May 1970-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora; llnk;<br />
West Lake, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Tetracleidus longus (Mizelle, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus longus Mizelle, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 57%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Tetracleidus stentor (Mueller, 1937) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus stentor Mueller, 1937<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978b; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora;<br />
llnk; West Lake, Ontario; 44°9′0′’/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978c; May 1970-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora; llnk;<br />
West Lake, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Remarks: Dechtiar and Christie (1988) state that infection <strong>of</strong> Pomoxis nigromaculatus may be an accidental<br />
infection <strong>from</strong> Ambloplites rupestris.<br />
Urocleidus aculeatus (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ancyrocephalus aculeatus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932; Cleidodiscus aculeatus (Van Cleave<br />
and Mueller, 1932) Mizelle and Regensberger, 1945<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 41%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
465
Table 26, continued.<br />
Urocleidus adspectus (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 57%; 3; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Urocleidus alatus (Mueller, 1938) Price, 1968<br />
Synonym: Cleidodiscus alatus Mueller, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 57%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978b; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora;<br />
llnk; West Lake, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978c; May 1970-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora; llnk;<br />
West Lake, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Remarks: This species is considered an incertae sedis until fur<strong>the</strong>r living material is studied.<br />
Urocleidus dispar (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte;<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-Septermber 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
466
Table 26, continued.<br />
Urocleidus fundulus Mizelle, 1940<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake; Bay<br />
<strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Urocleidus furcatus (Mueller, 1937) Mizelle and Hughes, 1938<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Micropterus salmoides: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; West Lake,<br />
Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte; Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Urocleidus rogersi (Hanek and Fernando 1972) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Synonym: Onchocleidus rogersi Hanek and Fernando, 1972<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 37%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone americana: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Dactylogyridae Bykhovski, 1933<br />
Acolpenteron catostomi Fischthal and Allison, 1942<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Ureters<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus aureus Seamster, 1948<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Hanek and Fernando 1972b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Dactylogyrus banghami Mizelle and Donahue, 1944<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 31%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 67%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
467
Table 26, continued.<br />
Dactylogyrus buddi Dechtiar, 1974<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 70%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cottus cognatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 67%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Dactylogyrus bulbus Mueller, 1938<br />
Synonym: Neodactylogyrus bulbus Price, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus cornutus Mueller, 1938<br />
Synonym: Neodactylogyrus cornutus Price, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus eucalius Mizelle and Regensberger, 1945<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 59%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus extensus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Synonym: Dactylogyrus solidus Akhmerov, 1948; Dactylogyrus hovorkai Kastak, 1957<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 75%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus luxili Rogers, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus ursus Mueller, 1938<br />
Synonym: Neodactylogyrus ursus Price, 1938<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 27%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dactylogyrus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
468
Table 26, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 45%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 67%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 45%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii Bykhovski and Gussev, 1955<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body surface, fins<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar 1971b; August-November 1969; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 42%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Diclybothriidae Bykhovskii and Gusev, 1950<br />
Diclybothrium armatum Leuckart, 1835<br />
Synonym: Diplobothrium armatum (Leuckart, 1835)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; upper St. Lawrence River,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Discocotylidae Price, 1936<br />
Octomacrum lanceatum Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Octobothrium sagittatum Wright, 1879<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Octomacrum microconfibula Hargis, 1952<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Octomacrum semotili Dechtiar, 1966<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Couesius plumbeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 67%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
469
Table 26, continued.<br />
Gyrodactylidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Gyrodactylus avalonia Hanek and Threlfall, 1969<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 15%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Remarks: Hanek and Fernando (1971b) consider infection <strong>of</strong> Lepomis gibbosus to be accidental.<br />
Gyrodactylus dechtiari Hanek and Fernando, 1971<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Rhinichthys obtusus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 78%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus e<strong>the</strong>ostomae Wellborn and Rogers, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 38%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus eucaliae Ikezaki and H<strong>of</strong>fman, 1957<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 88%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus freemani Hanek and Fernando, 1971<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
470
Table 26, continued.<br />
Gyrodactylus georani Hanek and Fernando, 1971<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Gyrodactylus limi Wood and Mizelle, 1957<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body surface<br />
Host: Umbra limi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus macrochiri H<strong>of</strong>fman and Putz, 1964<br />
Synonym: Gyrodactylus elegans <strong>of</strong> Hargis, 1953<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 18%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 72%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 7%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Gyrodactylus medius Kathariner, 1895<br />
Synonym: ?Gyrodactylus carpio<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Body surface, fins<br />
Host: Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 25%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus nebulosus Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Hanek and Fernando 1971b; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
471
Table 26, continued.<br />
Gyrodactylus prolongus Hargis, 1955<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus spathulatus Mueller, 1936<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, gills<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 37%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus stableri Hathaway and Herlevich, 1973<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus stunkardi Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins<br />
Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 38%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gyrodactylus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, gills, skin<br />
Host:<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 67%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 30%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 28%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pimephales promelas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 45%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 46%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 29%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
472
Table 26, continued.<br />
Heteraxinidae Price, 1962<br />
Lintaxine cokeri (Linton, 1946) Sproston, 1946<br />
Synonym: Heteraxine cokeri Linton, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Gills<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 63%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Mazocraeoidae Price, 1936<br />
Mazocraeoides olentangiensis Sroufe, 1958<br />
Synonym: Mazocraeoides similis Price, 1959<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 46%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pseudomazocraeoides ontariensis Hanek and Fernando, 1971a<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 21%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum: Hanek and Fernando 1971a; July 1970; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Microcotylidae van Beneden and Hesse, 1863<br />
Microcotyle spinicirrus (MacCallum, 1918)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 96%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pseudomurraytrematidae (Kritsky, Mizelle, and Bilquees, 1978) Beverley-Burton, 1984<br />
Anonchohaptor anomalus Mueller, 1938a<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 15%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pseudomurraytrema copulatum (Mueller, 1938) Bykhovski, 1957<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
473
Table 26, continued.<br />
Tetraonchidae Bykhovski, 1937<br />
Tetraonchus monenteron (Wagener, 1857) Diesing, 1858<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 88%; M-H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Hanek and Fernando 1972a; May-September 1970; pnp; minp; Picton, Ontario; 44°1′0′′/-<br />
77°9′0′′<br />
Adult Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Caryophyllaeidae Leuckhart, 1878<br />
Glaridacris catostomi (Cooper, 1920) Mackiewicz, 1965<br />
Synonym: Caryophyllaeus terebrans <strong>of</strong> Bangham and Adams, 1954 (partim), Glaridacris laruei <strong>of</strong><br />
Bangham and Venard, 1946<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 26%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 80%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Glaridacris sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Hunterella nodulosa Mackiewicz and McCrae, 1962<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Pliovitellaria wisconsinensis Fischthal, 1951<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899<br />
Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: Abothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779); Eubothrium oncorhynchi Wardle, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964, October 1967, July 1968; 12%; 1; Bay<br />
<strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
474
Table 26, continued.<br />
Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790) Nybelin, 1922<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario, llnk<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Wardle 1933; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849<br />
Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze, 1782) Rudolphi, 1810<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Bothriocephalus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917<br />
Synonym: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus luciopercae Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus hiodontos<br />
Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 81%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cyathocephalidae Nybelin, 1922<br />
Cyathocephalus truncatus (Pallas, 1781), Kessler, 1868<br />
Synonym: Cyathocephalus americanus Cooper, 1917<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Hart 1931; 1926; 96%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Wardle 1933; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 2%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Haplobothriidae Meggitt, 1924<br />
Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper, 1914<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Amia calva: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
475
Table 26, continued.<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Corallobothrium fimbriatum Essex, 1928<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Megathylacoides giganteum (Essex, 1928) Freze, 1963<br />
Synonym: Corallobothrium giganteum Essex, 1928<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Wardle 1933; cdnp; pnp; minp; Georgian Bay; 45°30′0′′/-81°0′0′′<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Proteocephalus exiguus La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ichthyotaenia laruei (Faust, 1920)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Proteocephalus fluviatilis Bangham, 1925<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Proteocephalus laruei Faust, 1920<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Pyloric ceca, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 80%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Hart 1931; 1926; 96%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Wardle 1933; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
476
Table 26, continued.<br />
Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825) Nufer, 1905<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus pearsei La Rue, 1914<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967- April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 15%; 3; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77`15′0′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Proteocephalus perplexus La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Amia calva: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 75%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Proteocephalus pinguis La Rue, 1911<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 80%; M-H; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Proteocephalus pugitensis H<strong>of</strong>f and H<strong>of</strong>f, 1929<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 29%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
477
Table 26, continued.<br />
Triaenophoridae Loennberg, 1889<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1760) Rudolphi, 1819<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. type nodulosus <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1919 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Triaenophorus stizostedionis Miller, 1945<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda (Cestodes)<br />
Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1949<br />
Bothriocephalus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917<br />
Synonym: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus luciopercae Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus hiodontos<br />
Wardle, 1932; Bothriocephalus cuspidatus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 33%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 7%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Bothriocephalid plerocercoids<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Cysts connected to <strong>the</strong> wall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stomach<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Pritchard 1931; February; March; and November <strong>of</strong> 1926, 1927, and 1928; 21%; minp;<br />
Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′; pnp; minp; Port Credit; 43°33′0′′/-79°34′59′′<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Pritchard 1931; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte or Port Credit, Ontario<br />
Coregonus kiyi: Pritchard 1931; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte or Port Credit, Ontario<br />
Dilepididae Raillet and Henry, 1909<br />
Dilepis sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
478
Table 26, continued.<br />
Diphyllobothriidae Luhe, 1910<br />
Diphyllobothrium ditremum (Creplin, 1825) Luhe, 1910<br />
Synonym: Diphyllobothrium osmeri (von Linstow, 1878)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Stomach wall<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Diphyllobothrium laruei Vergeer, 1942<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: [Viscera]<br />
Host: Coregonus kiyi: Vergeer 1942; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Diphyllobothrium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in stomach wall<br />
Host:<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 28%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Mueller 1940; cdnp; pnp; minp; lns; llnk<br />
Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Gmelin, 1790<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body cavity<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911<br />
Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887), Benedict, 1900<br />
Synonym: Proteocephalus micropteri (Leidy, 1891)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in liver, mesentery, ovary<br />
Host:<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Luxilus cornutus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 28%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 35%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Wardle 1933; cdnp; pnp; minp; Georgian Bay; 45°30′0′′/-81°0′0′′<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
479
Table 26, continued.<br />
Proteocephalus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Umbra limi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Triaenophoridae Loennberg, 1889<br />
Triaenophorus crassus Forel, 1868<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus robustus Olsson, 1893; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus morpha megadentatus<br />
Wardle, 1932; Triaenophorus tricuspidatus <strong>of</strong> Newton, 1932 (partim); Triaenophorus sp. type robustus <strong>of</strong><br />
Cooper, 1919<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Muscle<br />
Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1760) Rudolphi, 1819<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. type nodulosus <strong>of</strong> Cooper, 1919 (partim)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in liver, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; upper St. Lawrence River, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 22%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 24%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969c; 1967 and 1978; 22%; 2; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-<br />
77°15′0′′<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 39%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964; October 1967, July 1968; 22%; 2; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 67%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
480
Table 26, continued.<br />
Triaenophorus stizostedionis Miller, 1945<br />
Synonym: Triaenophorus sp. <strong>of</strong> Miller, 1943<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver<br />
Host: Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Unknown Family<br />
“Rhyncobothrid cestode”<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: outside <strong>of</strong> intestine<br />
Host: Coregonus artedi: Pritchard 1931; February, March, and November <strong>of</strong> 1926, 1927, and 1928; pnp;<br />
minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Adult Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Synonym: Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim)<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath, 1917<br />
Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934; Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis<br />
and Arthur, 1979<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 40%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 25%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779), Railliet and Henry, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ascaris acus Bloch, 1779; Ascaris seta (Goeze in Muller, 1780); Ascaris adiposa Schrank, 1790;<br />
Ascaris anguillae Schrank, 1790; Ascaris boa Schrank, 1790; Ascaris capillaris Schrank, 1790; Ascaris<br />
mucronata Schrank, 1790 nec Froel., 1791; Fusaria acus (Bloch, 1779) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria dentata<br />
Zeder, 1800; Fusaria mucronata (Schrank, 1790) Zeder, 1800; Fusaria redii Zeder, 1800; Ascaris dentata<br />
(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809; Ascaris labiata Rudolphi 1809; Agamonema leucisci rutili Diesing, 1851;<br />
Trichina cyprinorum Diesing, 1851; Ascaris cristata Linstow, 1872; Ascaris piscicola Linstow; Ascaris<br />
gracillima Linstow, 1890; Ascaris lucii Pearse, 1924a; Hysterothylacium cayugensis Wigdor, 1918;<br />
Raphidascaris canadense Smedley, 1933; Raphidascaris cristata (Linstow, 1872) Baylis, 1928;<br />
Raphidascaris cayugensis (Wigdor, 1918) Yorke and Maplestone, 1926; Raphidascaris gracillima<br />
(Linstow, 1890) Markowski, 1933; Neogoezia magna Kreis, 1937; Paranisakis parva Kreis, 1937;<br />
Raphidascaris laurentianus Richardson, 1937; Raphidascaris alius Lyster, 1940<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Esox masquinongy: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
481
Table 26, continued.<br />
Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1913<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 48%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Camallanus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Capillariidae Neuve-Lemaire, 1936<br />
Capillaria salvelini Polyansky, 1952<br />
Synonym: Capillaria baicalensis Ryzhikov and Sudarikov, 1953; Capillaria coregoni Shulman-Albova,<br />
1953; Capillaria curilica Zhukov, 1960; Capillaria brevispicula sensu Moravec and Ergens, 1970 nec<br />
Linstow, 1873; Capillaria bakeri sensu Meyer, 1954 nec Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864<br />
Dichelyne cotylophora Ward and Magath 1916<br />
Synonym: Cucullanelus cotylophora (Ward and Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974; Dacnitoides cotylophora<br />
(Ward and Magath, 1916)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 30%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964; October 1967; July 1968; 5%; 1; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte; 44°9′0′′/-<br />
77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
482
Table 26, continued.<br />
Truttaedacnitis clitellarius (Ward and Magath, 1916) Petter, 1974<br />
Synonym: Cucullanus clitellarius Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; upper St. Lawrence River,<br />
Ontario, llnk)<br />
Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975)<br />
Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798<br />
Synonym: Cystidicola canadensis Skinker, 1930; Cystidicola stigmatura <strong>of</strong> Skinker, 1931 not (Leidy,<br />
1886), Cystidicola stigmatura <strong>of</strong> Ko and Anderson 1969 not (Leidy, 1886)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Air bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 2%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Skinker 1930; July 1929; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Coregonus artedi: Skinker 1931; cdnp; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 52%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Skinker 1930; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Skinker 1931; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Coregonus reighardi: Skinker 1930; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Coregonus reighardi: Skinker 1931; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Cystidicola sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Swim bladder<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Pritchard 1931; February; March; and November <strong>of</strong> 1926, 1927, and 1928; 41%; minp;<br />
Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Hart 1931; 1926; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus hoyi: Pritchard 1931; 40%; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte; Ontario<br />
Coregonus kiyi: Pritchard 1931; 20%; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte; Ontario<br />
Coregonus reighardi: Pritchard 1931; 45%; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (Linstow, 1872) Moravec, 1981<br />
Synonym: Filaria ephemeridarum Leidy, 1872; Cystidicoloides tenuissima (Zeder, 1800) Rasheed, 1965;<br />
Sterliadochona tenuissima (Zeder, 1800); Metabronema salvelini (Fujita, 1920), Metabronema canadense<br />
Skinker, 1931; Cystidicoloides harwoodi (Chandler, 1931)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
483
Table 26, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 56%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 36%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; Credit River; 43°33′0′′/-79°34′59′′; Shelter<br />
Valley Creek, Ontario; llnk<br />
Spinitectus carolini Holl, 1928<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Spinitectus gracilis Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; upper St. Lawrence River, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 2%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Spinitectus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926<br />
Philometra cylindracea (Ward and Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindraceum Ward and Magath<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body cavity<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
484
Table 26, continued.<br />
Philometra sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills, blood vessel<br />
Host: Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Philometroides nodulosa (Thomas, 1929) Dailey, 1967<br />
Synonym: Philometra nodulosa (Thomas, 1929)<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Under skin in <strong>the</strong> fins<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin, 1946<br />
Rhabdochona canadensis Moravec and Arai, 1971<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Rhinichthys cataractae: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 77%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhabdochona decaturensis Gustafson, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 18%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Noturus gyrinus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Noturus flavus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 17%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Rhabdochona milleri Choquette, 1951<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Rhabdochona ovifilamenta Weller 1938<br />
Synonym: Rhabdochona laurentiana Lyster, 1940; Rhabdochona fortunatowi <strong>of</strong> Kussat, 1969;<br />
Rhabdochona sp. <strong>of</strong> Arai and Kussat, 1967<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Intestine, body cavity<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Remarks: Tedla and Fernando (1969e) list body cavity as site <strong>of</strong> infection.<br />
485
Table 26, continued.<br />
Rhabdochona sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda (Nematodes)<br />
Acuariidae Seurat, 1913<br />
Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Wong and Anderson 1982; 1980; 33%; 2; Leslie Spit; llnk; Outer Toronto Harbor,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Wong and Anderson 1982; 100%; 24; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor, Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Wong and Anderson 1982; 3%; 1; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor, Ontario<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus: Wong and Anderson 1982; 60%; pnp; minp; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor,<br />
Ontario<br />
Cottus sp.: Wong and Anderson 1982; 100%; 4; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor, Ontario<br />
Remarks: This is <strong>the</strong> only report <strong>of</strong> Cosmocephalus obvelatus in fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
Paracuaria adunca (Creplin, 1846) Anderson and Wong, 1981<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Anderson and Wong 1982; October 1981; 33%; 1; Leslie Spit; llnk; Outer Toronto<br />
Harbor, Ontario; llnk<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus: Anderson and Wong 1982; 100%; 4; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor, Ontario<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus: Anderson and Wong 1982; 60%; pnp; minp; Leslie Spit, Outer Toronto Harbor,<br />
Ontario<br />
Cottus sp.: Anderson and Wong 1982; 100%; 5; Leslie Spit; Outer Toronto Harbor, Ontario<br />
Remarks: This is <strong>the</strong> only report <strong>of</strong> Paracuaria adunca in fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
Anisakidae Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945<br />
Synonym: Heterocheilidae Railliet and Henry, 1905 (partim)<br />
Contracaecum spiculigerum (Rudolphi, 1809)<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver and intestinal mesentery<br />
486
Table 26, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964; October 1967; July 1968; 9%; 1; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 52%; 5; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario<br />
Hysterothylacium brachyurum Ward and Magath, 1917<br />
Synonym: Contracaecum brachyurum Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934; Thynnascaris brachyurum Margolis<br />
and Arthur, 1979<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 21%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Hysterothylacium sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 28%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Camallanidae Railliet and Henry, 1913<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 10%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 9%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 56%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Percina caprodes: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 40%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
487
Table 26, continued.<br />
Cystidicolidae (as in Anderson et al. 1975)<br />
Spinitectus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 7%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Dioctophymidae Railliet, 1915<br />
Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch, 1819) Jagerskiold, 1909<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 9%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 4%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Gnathostomatidae Lane, 1923<br />
Spiroxys sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Encysted in mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Umbra limi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926<br />
Philometra cylindracea (Ward and Magath, 1916) Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934<br />
Synonym: Ichthyonema cylindraceum Ward and Magath<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body cavity<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
488
Table 26, continued.<br />
Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin, 1946<br />
Rhabdochona sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Agamospirura sp.<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host:<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 1%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 42%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Remarks: Yorke and Maplestone (1926) refer to Agamospirura as a collective group for immature<br />
Spiruroidea.<br />
Adult Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans)<br />
Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876<br />
Acanthocephalus dirus (Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave and Townsend, 1936<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus dirus Van Cleave, 1931; Acanthocephalus jacksoni Bullock, 1962;<br />
Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1975, 1977<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 13%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 28%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 43%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; M; Credit River; 43°33′0′′/-79°34′59′′;<br />
and Shelter Valley Creek, Ontario; llnk<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 50%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus cognatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 25%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
489
Table 26, continued.<br />
Echinorhynchus salmonis (Muller, 1784) Petrochenko, 1956<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus coregoni Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919; Echinorhynchus pachysomus,<br />
Echinorhynchus phoenix, Echinorhynchus inflatus, Echinorhynchus maraenae, Echinorhynchus murenae,<br />
Metechinorhynchus alpinus, Metechinorhynchus salmonis<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; M; upper St. Lawrence River,<br />
Ontario; llnk<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Osmerus mordax: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 46%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus artedi: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 92%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Hart 1931; 1926; 96%; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 86%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 86%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 20%; L; Credit River and Shelter Valley Creek, Ontario<br />
Salvelinus namaycush: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 100%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 43%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Cottus bairdii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 70%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 53%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968; May 1968-September 1968; pnp;<br />
minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970b; May 1967-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Echinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Coregonus reighardi: Pritchard 1931; February, March, and November <strong>of</strong> 1926, 1927, and 1928;<br />
45%; minp; Main Duck Island, eastern end; llnk<br />
490
Table 26, continued.<br />
Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917<br />
Synonym: Hebesomidae Van Cleave, 1928; Hebesomatidae Yamaguti, 1963<br />
Neoechinorhynchus crassus Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 22%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cristatus Lynch, 1936<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 22%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Neorhynchus cylindratus Van Cleave, 1913; Eorhynchus cylindratus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van<br />
Cleave, 1914<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 12%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 57%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni Dechtiar, 1967<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar 1967a; 1965; 56%; 8; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 11%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Muller, 1780) Hamann, 1892<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus tuberosus Zider, 1803<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
491
Table 26, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Acipenser fulvescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; L; upper St. Lawrence River, Ontario;<br />
llnk<br />
Amia calva: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 50%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Notropis hudsonius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 61%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Culaea inconstans: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Neoechinorhynchus saginatus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Semotilus atromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 90%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tenellus (Van Cleave, 1913) Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Liver, intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 28%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 54%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Neoechinorhynchus tumidus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1941<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 16%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Neoechinorhynchus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Pimephales notatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus artedi: Pritchard 1931; February, March, and November <strong>of</strong> 1926, 1927, 1928; 22%; minp; Bay<br />
<strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 67%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Octospinifer macilentus Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: Octospinifer sp. <strong>of</strong> Mudry and Arai, 1973; Octospinifer sp. <strong>of</strong> Mudry and Anderson, 1976<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 15%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
492
Table 26, continued.<br />
Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus oricola Linstow, 1901<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Intestine<br />
Host:<br />
Lepisosteus osseus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 100%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 5%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; H; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone americana: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 30%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 67%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 16%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 23%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 56%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 57%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 29%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 11%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 17%; 3; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 29%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Immature Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalans)<br />
Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923<br />
Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (Linton, 1891) Kostylew, 1924<br />
Synonym: Echinorhynchus <strong>the</strong>catus Linton, 1891; Echinorhynchus aricola Linstow, 1901<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Mesentery<br />
Host: Fundulus diaphanus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 10%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
493
Table 26, continued.<br />
Hirudinea (Leeches)<br />
Glossiphoniidae Vaillant, 1890<br />
Actinobdella inequiannulata Moore, 1901<br />
Synonym: Actinobdella triannulata Moore, 1924; Actinobdella triannulata Daniels and Freeman, 1976<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Gill cover<br />
Host: Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Actinobdella pediculata (Hemmingway, 1908)<br />
Synonym: ?Placobdella pediculata Hemmingway, 1912; ?Haementaria pediculata Autrum, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Inner wall <strong>of</strong> operculum<br />
Host: Aplodinotus grunniens: Wolf et al. 2008; May 2005; 100%; 4; May 2006; 25%; 3; Hay Bay, Ontario;<br />
44º10'N;77º56' W<br />
Piscicolidae Johnston, 1865<br />
Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851<br />
Synonym: Cystobranchus virginicus Paperna and Zwerner, 1974; Ichthyobdella funduli Verrill, 1872;<br />
Ichthyobdella rapax Wass, 1972; Ichthyobdella richardsoni Meyer, 1940; Iobdellallin alba Meyer, 1940;<br />
Myzobdella alba Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella elongata Meyer, 1940; Illinobdella moorei Meyer, 1940;<br />
Myzobdella lugubris Pearse, 1940; Myzobdella moorei (Meyer, 1940) Meyer and Moore, 1954<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Fins<br />
Host:<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Appy and Cone 1982; 1981; 30%; minp; Hamilton Harbor, Ontario; 43º15'N,<br />
79º51'W<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 6%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 33%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 48%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Myzobdella sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Fins<br />
Host: Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
494
Table 26, continued.<br />
Piscicola sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body surface<br />
Host:<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 3%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Copepoda (Copepods)<br />
ArgulidaeYamaguti, 1963<br />
Argulus catostomi Dana and Herrick, 1837<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Body surface<br />
Host:<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 19%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 3%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ergasilidae Nordmann, 1832<br />
Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabin Mueller, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills, gill filaments<br />
Host:<br />
Cyprinus carpio: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 17%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 19%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978b; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora;<br />
llnk; West Lake, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978c; May 1970-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora; llnk;<br />
West Lake, Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Tedla and Fernando 1969a; August 1968; 66%; 24; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-<br />
77°15′0′′<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 24%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
495
Table 26, continued.<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968 and May 1968-September 1968; 59%;<br />
minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970c; 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 54%; 6; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 73%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Remark: Records <strong>of</strong> Ergasilus caeruleus on fish hosts before Roberts (1970) should be treated with<br />
caution.<br />
Ergasilus centrarchidarum (Wright, 1882) Wilson, 1932<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 25%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Tedla and Fernando 1969a; August 1968; 93%; 58; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978b; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora;<br />
llnk; West Lake, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978c; May 1970-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora; llnk;<br />
West Lake, Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone chrysops: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 20%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Tedla and Fernando 1969a; 6%; 1; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Tedla and Fernando 1969a; 93%; 45; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 43%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ergasilus luciopercarum Henderson, 1926<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus confusus Bere, 1931; Ergasilus skrjabini Mueller, 1936; Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson<br />
in Mueller, 1936<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964, October 1967, July 1968; 4%; 1; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 5%; M; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969a; August 1968; 92%; 3; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-<br />
77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969b; May, July, August 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970c; 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
496
Table 26, continued.<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968 and May 1968-September 1968; pnp;<br />
minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; 54%; 6; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 95%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ergasilus versicolor Wilson, 1911<br />
Synonym: Ergasilus elegans Wilson, 1916<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host:<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 31%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 21%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ictalurus punctatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 80%; M; lns; Ontario<br />
Ergasilus sp.<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills<br />
Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 17%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Lernaeopodidae Olsson, 1869<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res coregoni (Smith, 1874) Wilson, 1915<br />
Synonym: None<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins, body<br />
Host: Coregonus clupeaformis: Hart 1931; 1926; pnp; minp; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi Kroyer, 1863<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res ambloplitis Kellicot, 1880; Ach<strong>the</strong>res micropteri Wright, 1882<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Gills, gill arches<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 4%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978b; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora,<br />
West Lake, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978c; May 1970-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora, West<br />
Lake, Ontario; llnk<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 6%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus salmoides: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
497
Table 26, continued.<br />
Salmincola extumescens (Gadd, 1901) Wilson, 1915<br />
Synonym: Ach<strong>the</strong>res corpulentus Kellicot, 1882; Salmincola corpulentus (Kellicott, 1880); Lernaeopoda<br />
extumescens Gadd, 1901; Lernaeopoda inermis Wilson, 1911; Salmincola inermis (Wilson, 1911) Wilson,<br />
1915; Salmincola omuli Messjatzeff, 1926<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> infection: Gills, gill arches<br />
Host:<br />
Coregonus artedi: Pritchard 1931; February, March, and November <strong>of</strong> 1926, 1927, 1928; 15%; minp; Bay<br />
<strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 8%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis: Hart 1931; 1926;
Table 26, continued.<br />
Host:<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978b; November 1971-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora;<br />
llnk Westlake, Ontario; llnk<br />
Ambloplites rupestris: Hanek and Fernando 1978c; May 1970-October 1972; pnp; minp; Glenora; llnk;<br />
Westlake, Ontario; llnk<br />
Morone americana: Tedla and Fernando 1969d; 1958-1964; October 1967, July 1968; 31%; 6; Bay <strong>of</strong><br />
Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Hanek and Fernando 1978a; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969b, 1969e; May, July, and August 1968 (b) and May 1967-April<br />
1968 (e); pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970a; May 1967-April 1968, and May-September 1968; 91%;<br />
minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1970d; October 1966-February 1969; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte,<br />
Ontario; 44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Unknown Family<br />
Unidentified glochidia<br />
Synonym: ?<br />
Site <strong>of</strong> Infection: Fins and gill filaments<br />
Host:<br />
Anguilla rostrata: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 1961-1971; 14%; L; lns; Ontario; llnk<br />
Catostomus commersonii: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 15%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 18%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Esox lucius: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 8%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 38%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 22%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis gibbosus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 27%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Lepomis macrochirus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 12%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Micropterus dolomieu: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 13%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
Perca flavescens: Tedla and Fernando 1969e; May 1967-April 1968; pnp; minp; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quinte, Ontario;<br />
44°9′0′′/-77°15′0′′<br />
Sander vitreus: Dechtiar and Christie 1988; 14%; L; lns; Ontario<br />
499
Table 27. <strong>Fish</strong>es by family <strong>from</strong> Lake Ontario <strong>from</strong> which parasites have been reported during<br />
1930-2010 using parasite data in Table 26. References in paren<strong>the</strong>ses following parasites refer to<br />
reference for host records.<br />
Acipenseridae<br />
Acipenser fulvescens (lake sturgeon)<br />
Adult Digenea: Skrjabinopsolus manteri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Crepidostomum lintoni, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Diclybothrium armatum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Truttaedacnitis clitellarius, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Lepisosteidae<br />
Lepisosteus osseus (longnose gar)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Amiidae<br />
Amia calva (bowfin)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia longa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Macroderoides typicus, (Dechtiar and Christie<br />
1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Haplobothrium globuliforme, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus perplexus,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Anguillidae<br />
Anguilla rostrata (American eel)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxidium illinoisense, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia longa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
500
Table 27, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus claviceps, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus macrocephalus,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spinitectus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Clupeidae<br />
Alosa pseudoharengus (alewife)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Dorosoma cepedianum (gizzard shad)<br />
Microspora: Glugea cepedianae, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogena: Mazocraeoides olentangiensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Pseudomazocraeoides<br />
ontariensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1971a)<br />
Cyprinidae<br />
Couesius plumbeus (lake chub)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Octomacrum semotili, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Cyprinus carpio (common carp)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus extensus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Pseudocolpenteron pavlovskii, (Dechtiar<br />
1971b; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus medius, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Luxilus cornutus (common shiner)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus sinitsini, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Prototransversotrema sp., (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
501
Table 27, continued.<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Dactylogyrus bulbus, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Dactylogyrus cornutus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Notemigonus crysoleucas (golden shiner)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagiocirrus primus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Diplostomum<br />
spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Apophallus brevis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus aureus, (Hanek and Fernando 1972b); Dactylogyrus luxili, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Pliovitellaria wisconsinensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni, (Dechtiar 1967a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988);<br />
Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Piscicola sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Notropis a<strong>the</strong>rinoides (emerald shiner)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Notropis hudsonius (spottail shiner)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus bartai, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus burti, (Cone et al. 2004; Cone and Marcogliese<br />
2010); Myxobolus fanthami, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus hendrickson, (Cone et al. 2004); Myxobolus<br />
xiaoi, (Cone et al. 2004); Thenohanellus notatus, (Cone et al. 2004); Zschokkella sp., (Cone et al. 2004)<br />
Adult Digenea: Plagioporus sinitsini, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie<br />
1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cosmocephalus obvelatus, (Wong and Anderson 1982); Paracuaria adunca,<br />
(Anderson and Wong 1982)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
502
Table 27, continued.<br />
Phoxinus neogaeus (finscale dace)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Octomacrum semotili, (Dechtiar and Christie<br />
1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Pimephales notatus (bluntnose minnow)<br />
Microspora: Glugea pimephales, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Diplostomum sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Pimephales promelas (fa<strong>the</strong>ad minnow)<br />
Microspora: Glugea pimephales, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Diplostomum<br />
spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Diplostomum sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie<br />
1988)<br />
Rhinichthys cataractae (longnose dace)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus stunkardi, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona canadensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Rhinichthys obtusus (western blacknose dace)<br />
Monogenea: Gyrodactylus avalonia, (Hanek and Fernando 1971b); Dactylogyrus banghami, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus dechtiara, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Semotilus atromaculatus (creek chub)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus pendula, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus brachus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Octomacrum semotili, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cosmocephalus obvelatus, (Wong and Anderson 1982); Paracuaria adunca,<br />
(Anderson and Wong 1982)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus saginatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
503
Table 27, continued.<br />
Catostomidae<br />
Catostomus commersonii (white sucker)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus bibullatum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum lysteri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Lissorchis attenuatus, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Acolpenteron catostomi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Octomacrum lanceatum, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus spathulatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Pseudomurraytrema copulatum,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Hunterella nodulosa, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Philometroides nodulosa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Rhabdochona ovifilamenta,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus<br />
cristatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Octospinifer macilentus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988);<br />
Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Actinobdella inequiannulata, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Argulus catostomi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Christie<br />
1988)<br />
Moxostoma macrolepidotum (shor<strong>the</strong>ad redhorse)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus urus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie<br />
1988); Anonchohaptor anomalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Pseudomurraytrema copulatum, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Glaridacris catostomi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona milleri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus crassus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Ictaluridae<br />
Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya exilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Megalonia ictaluri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Acetodextra amiuri, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Phyllodistomum staffordi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Alloglossidium geminus, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
504
Table 27, continued.<br />
Monogenea: Ligictaluridus monticelli, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ligictaluridus pricei, (Hanek and<br />
Fernando 1972a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus nebulosus, (Hanek and Fernando 1971b;<br />
Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Corallobothrium fimbriatum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Appy and Cone 1982; Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya exilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Alloglossidium corti, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Microphallus opacus, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Ligictaluridus floridanus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Megathylacoides giganteum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus versicolor, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Noturus flavus (stonecat)<br />
Adult Digenea: Megalonia ictaluri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Alloglossidium corti, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Alloglossidium geminus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Noturus gyrinus (tadpole madtom)<br />
Adult Digenea: Megalonia ictaluri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Alloglossidium corti, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Ligictaluridus pricei, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona decaturensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
505
Table 27, continued.<br />
Esocidae<br />
Esox lucius (nor<strong>the</strong>rn pike)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Phyllodistomum sp., (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Uvulifer ambloplitis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Tetraonchus monenteron, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus<br />
tenellus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Esox masquinongy (muskellunge)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya acutua, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Myxobolus dentium, (Dechtiar and Christie<br />
1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia longa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Monogenea: Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pinguis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Raphidascaris acus,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Umbridae<br />
Umbra limi (central mudminnow)<br />
Adult Digenea: Creptotrema funduli, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Gyrodactylus limi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Spiroxys sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
506
Table 27, continued.<br />
Osmeridae<br />
Osmerus mordax (rainbow smelt)<br />
Microspora: Glugea hertwigi, (Chen and Power 1972; Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Ehlinger 1966)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cosmocephalus obvelatus, (Wong and Anderson 1982)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Salmonidae<br />
Coregonus artedi (lake herring/cisco)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus<br />
intermedia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus exiguus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus laruei, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalid larvae, (Pritchard 1931); rhyncobothrid cestode, (Pritchard<br />
1931); Diphyllobothrium ditremum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Skinker 1930, 1931); Cystidicola sp., (Pritchard 1931)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus sp.,<br />
(Pritchard 1931)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola extumescens, (Pritchard 1931)<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis (lake whitefish)<br />
Adult Digenea: Phyllodistomum coregoni, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hart 1931; Wardle 1933);<br />
Proteocephalus exiguus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus laruei, (Hart 1931; Wardle 1933)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Mueller 1940);<br />
Triaenophorus crassus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Cystidicola sp., (Hart 1931);<br />
Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Echinorhynchus sp., (Hart 1931); Neoechinorhynchus tumidus, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ach<strong>the</strong>res coregoni, (Hart 1931); Salmincola extumescens, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hart<br />
1931)<br />
507
Table 27, continued.<br />
Coregonus hoyi (bloater)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalid larvae, (Pritchard 1931)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Skinker 1930, 1931); Cystidicola sp., (Pritchard 1931)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola extumescens, (Pritchard 1931)<br />
Coregonus kiyi (kiyi)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalid larvae, (Pritchard 1931); Diphyllobothrium laruei, (Vergeer<br />
1942)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola sp., (Pritchard 1931)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola extumescens, (Pritchard 1931)<br />
Coregonus reighardi (shortnose cisco)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, (Skinker 1930, 1931); Cystidicola sp., (Pritchard 1931)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus sp., (Pritchard 1931)<br />
Copepoda: Salmincola extumescens, (Pritchard 1931)<br />
Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Capillaria salvelini, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus<br />
intermedia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Salvelinus namaycush (lake trout)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini, (Wardle 1933; Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
508
Table 27, continued.<br />
Percopsidae<br />
Percopsis omiscomaycus (trout-perch)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus procercum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum isostomum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Bucephalus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Centrovarium lobotes, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988); Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus diminuta,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus baldwini, (Dechtiar 1974a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Triaenophorus stizostedionis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Fundulidae<br />
Fundulus diaphanus (banded killifish)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum<br />
minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus fundulus, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Salsuginus fundulus, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus avalonia, (Hanek and Fernando 1971b; Dechtiar and Christie 1988);<br />
Gyrodactylus prolongus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactrylus stableri, (Dechtiar and Christie<br />
1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Immature Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
A<strong>the</strong>rinopsidae<br />
Labides<strong>the</strong>s sicculus (brook silverside)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum<br />
minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
509
Table 27, continued.<br />
Gasterosteidae<br />
Culaea inconstans (brook stickleback)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bunoderina eucaliae, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus eucalius, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus eucaliae, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pugitensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus rutili, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Gasterosteus aculeatus (threespine stickleback)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichophrya sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bunoderina eucaliae, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Gyrodactylus avalonia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1971b);<br />
Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus pugitensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cosmocephalus obvelatus, (Wong and Anderson 1982); Hysterothylacium sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Paracuaria adunca, (Anderson and Wong 1982)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Cottidae<br />
Cottus bairdii (mottled sculpin)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Cottus cognatus (slimy sculpin)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Dactylogyrus buddi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Cottus sp. (sculpin)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Cosmocephalus obvelatus, (Wong and Anderson 1982); Paracuaria adunca,<br />
(Anderson and Wong 1982)<br />
510
Table 27, continued.<br />
Moronidae<br />
Morone americana (white perch)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Scyphidia sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1969d)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Apophallus brevis, (Tedla and Fernando 1969d); Clinostomum complanatum,<br />
(Tedla and Fernando 1969d); Diplostomum huronense, (Tedla and Fernando 1969c); Diplostomum<br />
spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Tylodelphys scheuringi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988);<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Onchocleidus rogersi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie<br />
1988); Urocleidus rogersi, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Eubothrium crassum, (Tedla and Fernando 1969d)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969c; Tedla and Fernando 1969d; Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Dichelyne cotylophora, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969d);<br />
Spinitectus carolini, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum spiculigerum, (Tedla and Fernando 1969d); Hysterothylacium<br />
sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: glochidia <strong>of</strong> Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea, (Tedla and Fernando 1969d)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus confusus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969d)<br />
Morone chrysops (white bass)<br />
Ciliophora: Capriniana piscium, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Neochasmus umbellus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Allacanthochasmus artus, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988); Allacanthochasmus varius, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Onchocleidus chrysops, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
511
Table 27, continued.<br />
Centrarchidae<br />
Ambloplites rupestris (rock bass)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Crepidostomum sp., (Hopkins<br />
1931); Proterometra macrostoma, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Phyllodistomum lohrenzi, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Uvulifer ambloplitis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum minimum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Cleidodiscus alatus, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a, 1978a, 1978b, 1978c); Cleidodiscus<br />
glenorensis, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a, 1978a, 1978b, 1978c); Lyrodiscus minimus, (Dechtiar 1973;<br />
Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Lyrodiscus rupestris, (Dechtiar 1973; Dechtiar and Christie 1988);<br />
Onchocleidus chautauquaensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1973, 1978a, 1978b,<br />
1978c); Tetracleidus stentor, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a, 1978a, 1978b,<br />
1978c); Urocleidus alatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus georani, (Hanek and Fernando<br />
1971b; Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Rhabdochona sp., (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Spiroxys sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Eustrongylides<br />
tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus<br />
cylindratus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Glochidia <strong>of</strong> Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea, (Hanek and Fernando 1978a, 1978b, 1978c)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Hanek and Fernando 1978a, 1978b, 1978c); Ergasilus centrarchidarum,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1978a, 1978b, 1978c; Tedla and Fernando 1969a);<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1978a, 1978b, 1978c)<br />
Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proterometra macrostoma, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Uvulifer ambloplitis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
512
Table 27, continued.<br />
Monogena: Actinocleidus gibbosus, (Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Actinocleidus recurvatus, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a; Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Cleidodiscus robustus, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1978a; Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Haplocleidus dispar,<br />
(Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1980; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Haplocleidus furcatus, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Lyrodiscus seminolensis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus avalonia, (Hanek and<br />
Fernando 1971b); Onchocleidus acer, (Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1980; Dechtiar and Christie 1988;<br />
Hanek and Fernando 1972a; Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Urocleidus attenuatus, (Hanek and Fernando<br />
1973; Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Urocleidus aculeatus, (Hanek and Fernando 1973); Urocleidus dispar,<br />
(Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Onchocleidus ferox, (Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1981; Hanek and<br />
Fernando 1972a; Hanek and Fernando 1978a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Onchocleidus similis,<br />
(Beverley-Burton and Suriano 1981); Gyrodactylus macrochiri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Dilepis sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Camallanus oxycephalus,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Spinitectus carolini,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: glochidia <strong>of</strong> Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea, (Hanek and Fernando 1978a); unidentified glochidia,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1978a; Tedla and<br />
Fernando 1969a); Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Hanek and Fernando 1978a; Tedla and Fernado 1969a);<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1978a); Argulus catostomi,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bunodera sacculata, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum<br />
minimum centrarchi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Actinocleidus brevicirrus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Actinocleidus gibbosus, (Hanek and<br />
Fernando 1972a); Actinocleidus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Anchorodiscus triangularis, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988); Cleidodiscus robustus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Cleidodiscus venardi, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988); Lyrodiscus longibasus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Lyrodiscus seminolensis,<br />
(Dechtiar 1973; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Urocleidus dispar, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a);<br />
Onchocleidus ferox, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus macrochiri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus<br />
nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Spinitectus carolini, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
513
Table 27, continued.<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Micropterus dolomeiu (smallmouth bass)<br />
Ciliophora: Scyphidia micropteri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Uvulifer ambloplitis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Posthodiplostomum<br />
minimum centrarchi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Actinocleidus mizellei, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Onchocleidus ferox, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Onchocleidus principalis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek<br />
and Fernando 1972a); Tetracleidus banghami, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Cleidodiscus glenorensis,<br />
(Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Urocleidus dispar, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Onchocleidus ferox,<br />
(Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Onchocleidus principalis, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Gyrodactylus<br />
macrochiri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1971b)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Wardle 1933; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus<br />
fluviatilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Wardle 1933);<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Dichelyne cotylophora,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Eustrongylides<br />
tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969a); Ach<strong>the</strong>res<br />
pimelodi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass)<br />
Ciliophora: Scyphidia micropteri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum cornutum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988); Leuceruthrus micropteri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Actinocleidus fusiformis, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Actinocleidus sp., (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Onchocleidus furcatus, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988);<br />
Onchocleidus helicus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Syncleithrium fusiformis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988);<br />
Onchocleidus principalis, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Gyrodactylus macrochiri, (Dechtiar and Christie<br />
1988; Hanek and Fernando 1971b)<br />
514
Table 27, continued.<br />
Adult Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus fluviatilis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Proteocephalus ambloplitis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Philometra sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus centrarchidarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
Pomoxis annularis (white crappie)<br />
Monogenea: Lyrodiscus longibasus, (Dechtiar 1973)<br />
Pomoxis nigromaculatus (black crappie)<br />
Ciliophora: Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Cleidodiscus vancleavi, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a); Lyrodiscus longibasus, (Dechtiar 1973;<br />
Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Tetracleidus capax, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a);<br />
Tetracleidus longus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Tetracleidus stentor, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella lugubris, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Percidae<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma caeruleum (rainbow darter)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Aethycteron sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Rhabdochona sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma exile (Iowa darter)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Apophallus brevis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Aethycteron sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
515
Table 27, continued.<br />
E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum (Johnny darter)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum canadense, (Hopkins 1931)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Apophallus brevis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Aethycteron hargisi, (Hanek and Fernando 1972a; Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Gyrodactylus<br />
e<strong>the</strong>ostomae, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Perca flavescens (yellow perch)<br />
Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Trichodina urinaria, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Trichodina sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Myxozoa: Henneguya doori, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Henneguya sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1970a)<br />
Adult Digenea: Bunodera luciopercae, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e; Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Bunodera<br />
sacculata, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Crepidostomum cooperi,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hopkins 1931; Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Azygia angusticauda,<br />
(Tedla and Fernando 1970d)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Crassiphiala bulboglossa, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Diplostomum adamsi,<br />
(Lester 1977; Lester and Huizinga 1977); Diplostomum huronense, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d);<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum huronense, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Clinostomum complanatum, (Dechtiar<br />
and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Neascus sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d);<br />
Apophallus brevis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Apophallus venustus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d);<br />
Ichthycotylurus diminuta, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Tylodelphys<br />
scheuringi, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d)<br />
Monogenea: Urocleidus adspectus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1972a; Tedla and<br />
Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Gyrodactylus freemani, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Hanek and Fernando 1971b)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Cyathocephalus<br />
truncatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988;Tedla and<br />
Fernando 1969e, 1970d)<br />
Larval/Immature Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus<br />
ambloplitis, (Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Triaenophorus nodulosus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla<br />
and Fernando 1969e, 1970d)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Camallanus sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Dichelyne cotylophora, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Philometra cylindracea, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988;<br />
Tedla and Fernando 1969e); Rhabdochona ovifilamenta, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando<br />
1969e); Spinitectus gracilis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Spinitectus sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1970d)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Contracaecum spiculigerum, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Philometra<br />
cylindracea, (Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Rhabdochona sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Eustrongylides<br />
tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Agamospirura sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus dirus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Echinorhynchus salmonis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970a, 1970b, 1970d); Neoechinorhynchus<br />
cylindratus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988;<br />
Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d); Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, (Tedla and Fernando 1970d)<br />
Hirudinea: Myzobdella sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1970d); Piscicola sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1969e, 1970d)<br />
516
Table 27, continued.<br />
Mollusca: glochidia <strong>of</strong> Anodonta sp., (Tedla and Fernando 1969b, 1970d); glochidia <strong>of</strong> Elliptio<br />
complanatus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969b, 1969e, 1970a, 1970d); glochidia <strong>of</strong> Lampisilis radiata, (Tedla<br />
and Fernando 1969b, 1969e, 1970a, 1970d); unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988; Tedla and<br />
Fernando 1969e)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Tedla and Fernando 1969e); Ergasilus confusus, (Tedla and Fernando<br />
1969a, 1969b, 1970a, 1970c, 1970d); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Percina caprodes (logperch)<br />
Adult Digenea: Crepidostomum isostomum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Tylodelphys scheuringi, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Aethycteron malleus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Camallanus oxycephalus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Sander vitreus (walleye)<br />
Myxozoa: Myxobolus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Digenea: Azygia angusticauda, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Bucephalopsis pusilla, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988); Sanguinicola occidentalis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Uvulifer ambloplitis,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp., (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Cestoda: Bothriocephalus cuspidatus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Proteocephalus pearsei,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Triaenophorus stizostedionis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Dichelyne cotylophora,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Hysterothylacium brachyurum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Eustrongylides<br />
tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Adult Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus salmonis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus rutili,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Neoechinorhynchus tenellus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Leptorhynchoides<br />
<strong>the</strong>catus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Mollusca: Unidentified glochidia, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Copepoda: Ergasilus caeruleus, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ergasilus luciopercarum, (Dechtiar and<br />
Christie 1988)<br />
517
Table 27, continued.<br />
Sciaenidae<br />
Aplodinotus grunniens (freshwater drum)<br />
Adult Digenea: Homalometron armatum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Ichthyocotylurus sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Monogenea: Lintaxine cokeri, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Microcotyle spinicirrus, (Dechtiar and Christie<br />
1988)<br />
Aspidobothrea: Cotylogaster occidentalis, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Larval/Immature Nematoda: Eustrongylides tubifex, (Dechtiar and Christie 1988); Agamospirura sp.,<br />
(Dechtiar and Christie 1988)<br />
Hirudinea: Actinobdella pediculata, (Wolf et al. 2008)<br />
Table 28. Numbers and percentages (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) <strong>of</strong> parasite species in each major parasite<br />
group in five major fish families <strong>from</strong> Lake Ontario, 1930-2010. Parasite group abbreviations are<br />
Ci (Ciliophora), My (Myxozoa), Mi (Microspora), Dt (Digenea), Mo (Monogenea), Ce (Cestoda),<br />
Ne (Nematoda), Ac (Acanthocephala), Hi (Hirudinea), Co (Copepoda), and Mol (Mollusca). If a<br />
parasite in a group did not infect fish, <strong>the</strong> parasite group was not included in <strong>the</strong> table.<br />
Parasite group<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> family Ci My Mi Dt Mo Ce Ne Ac Hi Co Mol Total<br />
Cyprinidae 1 9 1 9 13 4 5 3 1 1 0 47<br />
(2) (19) (2) (19) (28) (8) (10) (6) (2) (2)<br />
Catostomidae 0 1<br />
(4)<br />
Centrarchidae 2<br />
(3)<br />
Percidae 3<br />
(5)<br />
1<br />
(1)<br />
2<br />
(3)<br />
0 3<br />
(12)<br />
0 10<br />
(14)<br />
0 19<br />
(33)<br />
Salmonidae 0 0 0 3<br />
(14)<br />
6<br />
(24)<br />
35<br />
(51)<br />
5<br />
(9)<br />
518<br />
4<br />
(16)<br />
4<br />
(6)<br />
6<br />
(10)<br />
0 9<br />
(43)<br />
3<br />
(12)<br />
8<br />
(11)<br />
8<br />
(14)<br />
4<br />
(19)<br />
4<br />
(16)<br />
3<br />
(4)<br />
7<br />
(12)<br />
3<br />
(14)<br />
1<br />
(4)<br />
1<br />
(1)<br />
2<br />
(3)<br />
2<br />
(8)<br />
4<br />
(6)<br />
3<br />
(5)<br />
0 2<br />
(10)<br />
1<br />
(4)<br />
1<br />
(1)<br />
3<br />
(5)<br />
25<br />
69<br />
58<br />
0 21
Table 29. Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity based on <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> parasites<br />
in species <strong>of</strong> five major fish families <strong>from</strong> Lake Ontario, 1930-2010.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> family Cyprinidae Catostomidae Salmonidae Centrarchidae<br />
Cyprinidae 1.0000 0.0615 0.0344 0.0576<br />
Catostomidae 0.0615 1.0000 0.0227 0.0555<br />
Salmonidae 0.0344 0.0227 1.0000 0.0487<br />
Centrarchidae 0.0576 0.0555 0.0487 1.0000<br />
Percidae 0.1136 0.0921 0.0882 0.1158<br />
OVERALL SUMMARY FOR ALL GREAT LAKES<br />
Several factors affect <strong>the</strong> occurrence and distribution <strong>of</strong> parasites and <strong>the</strong> composition <strong>of</strong> parasite<br />
communities in fish. These factors include <strong>the</strong> physical features <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> aquatic environment, such<br />
as its age and size, as well as <strong>the</strong> geographic range <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fish host, vagility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fish host, <strong>the</strong><br />
fish habitat use and age, <strong>the</strong> fish diet and position in <strong>the</strong> trophic relationships, <strong>the</strong> location <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
collections, and parasite-host specificity. The lack <strong>of</strong> information involving one or more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
factors makes recognition and interpretation <strong>of</strong> patterns in <strong>the</strong> parasite-community structure <strong>of</strong><br />
fish in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> difficult. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> information and <strong>of</strong> research on <strong>the</strong><br />
parasites <strong>of</strong> fish in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> demonstrated in this synopsis supports this statement.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong>-Parasite Commonality in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 32 parasite species or distinct genera infected fish <strong>from</strong> all five <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>. These<br />
parasites by major taxonomic group and fish species infected were protozoans—Myxobolus burti<br />
(Notropis hudsonius), Thelohanellus notatus (several cyprinid species), Zschokkella sp. (Notropis<br />
hudsonius); digenetic trematodes—Bunodera sacculata (primarily Perca flavescens),<br />
Crepidostomum cooperi (several species), Phyllodistomum staffordi (Ameirus spp.), Lissorchis<br />
attenuatus (catostomids), Clinostomum complanatum (several species), Centrovarium lobotes<br />
(several species), Diplostomum spathaceum (several species); monogenean—Urocleidus<br />
adspectus (Perca flavescens); cestodes—Bothriocephalus cuspidatus (several species),<br />
Eubothrium crassum (several species), Glaridacris catostomi (catostomids), Proteocephalus<br />
exiguus (primarily coregonids), P. pearsei (several species), P. ambloplitis (several species),<br />
Triaenophorus nodulosus (Esox spp.); nematodes—Camallanus oxycephalus (several species),<br />
Dichelyne cotylophora (several species), Raphidascaris acus (Esox spp. and Micropterus<br />
dolomieu), Spinitectus gracilis (several species); acanthocephalans—Acanthocephalus dirus<br />
(several species), Echinorhynchus salmonis (several species), Leptorhynchoides <strong>the</strong>catus (several<br />
519
species), Neoechinorhynchus crassus (primarily catostomids), N. cylindratus (several species),<br />
Octospinifer macilentus (catostomids), Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli (several species); copepods—<br />
Ach<strong>the</strong>res pimelodi (several species), Ergasilus caeruleus (several species), and E. luciopercarum<br />
(several species). Possible reasons why <strong>the</strong>se parasites have been reported <strong>from</strong> all <strong>the</strong> lakes are<br />
that most parasites, except for Zschokkella sp. and Urocleidus adspectus, infected two or more<br />
fish species so <strong>the</strong>y lack strict host specificity; and, if host specificity occurs, <strong>the</strong> specific fish host<br />
is present and has been examined <strong>from</strong> all <strong>the</strong> lakes. At least 23 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se parasite species have<br />
indirect life cycles, indicating that <strong>the</strong> necessary intermediate host species are present in all <strong>the</strong><br />
lakes. All <strong>the</strong> helminth species listed above are autogenic species, except for two allogenic<br />
species, Clinostomum complanatum and Diplostomum spathaceum.<br />
Diplostomum spathaceum or unidentified species <strong>of</strong> Diplostomum infected <strong>the</strong> most fish species<br />
in <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron, Erie, and Ontario, followed by Echinorhynchus salmonis in Lake Huron,<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus in Lake Erie, and E. salmonis in Lake Ontario. Diplostomum spp. are<br />
allogenic species as well as generalist parasites in that <strong>the</strong>y can infect a large number <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
species as <strong>the</strong> second intermediate hosts and several piscivorous bird species as definitive hosts.<br />
Thus, <strong>the</strong>y lack host specificity. Echinorhynchus salmonis infected <strong>the</strong> most fish species in <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Michigan and Superior followed by Acanthocephalus dirus in Lake Michigan, and Diplostomum<br />
spathaceum in Lake Superior. Echinorhynchus salmonis, an autogenic species, infected <strong>the</strong> most<br />
fish species in <strong>the</strong>se lakes because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various transmission pathways employed in its life cycle<br />
as well as it being a generalist parasite. Also, <strong>the</strong> first intermediate host, Diporeia affinis <strong>of</strong> E.<br />
salmonis, is probably numerous in <strong>the</strong>se two lakes.<br />
Camallanus oxycephalus, an autogenic species, was <strong>the</strong> second most-common parasite infecting<br />
fish species in Lake Erie. Stromberg and Crites (1975b) reported that <strong>the</strong> prevalence <strong>of</strong> C.<br />
oxycephalus in fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> western basin <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie showed little change in fish surveys<br />
between 1927 and 1957. However between 1957 and 1972, <strong>the</strong> prevalence <strong>of</strong> C. oxycephalus<br />
increased in fish, with significant increases in 11 fish species. Stromberg and Crites (1975b)<br />
suggested that reasons for this increase were increased numbers <strong>of</strong> its copepod intermediate host<br />
and faster movement <strong>of</strong> this nematode through <strong>the</strong> forage fish to <strong>the</strong> predaceous fish portion <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir life cycle. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, Crites (1976) demonstrated that C. oxycephalus could establish in<br />
many fish that ingested <strong>the</strong> encapsulated larvae.<br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 49 parasite species or distinct genera were reported <strong>from</strong> four <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
These parasites by major taxonomic group, fish species infected, and lake where <strong>the</strong> parasite<br />
species was not reported (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) were protozoans—Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (several<br />
fish species, Lake Michigan), Henneguya doori (Perca flavescens, Lake Superior), H. exilis<br />
(ictalurids, Lake Superior), Myxobolus bartai (Notropis hudsonius, Lake Superior), M. bibullatum<br />
(cyprinids and catostomids, Lake Superior); digenetic trematodes—Acetodextra amiuri<br />
(ictalurids, Lake Superior), Azygia angusticauda (several species, Lake Superior),<br />
Crepidostomum cornutum (several species, Lake Michigan), C. isostomum (Percopsis<br />
omiscomaycus, E<strong>the</strong>ostoma nigrum, Percina caprodes, Lake Michigan), Crepidostomum lintoni<br />
(Acipenser fulvescens, Lake Michigan), Phyllodistomum superbum (several species, Lake<br />
Ontario), Proterometra macrostoma (centrarchids, Lake Michigan), Sanguinicola occidentalis<br />
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(Sander vitreus, Perca flavescens, Aplodinotus grunniens, Lake Michigan), Apophallus brevis<br />
(several species, Lake Michigan), Crassiphiala bulboglossa (several species, Lake Michigan),<br />
Posthodiplostomum minimum (several species, Lake Michigan), Tylodelphys scheuringi (several<br />
species, Lake Michigan), Uvulifer ambloplitis (several species, Lake Michigan); monogeneans—<br />
Acolpenteron catostomi (catostomids, Lake Michigan), Anonchohaptor anomalus (catostomids,<br />
Lake Michigan), Diclybothrium armatum (A. fulvescens, Lake Michigan), Lyrodiscus rupestris<br />
(primarily Ambloplites rupestris, Lake Michigan), Octomacrum lanceatum (catostomids, Lake<br />
Michigan), Pseudomurraytrema copulatum (catostomids, Lake Michigan), Tetracleidus<br />
banghami (Micropterus dolomieu, Lake Michigan), Tetraonchus monenteron (Esox lucius, Lake<br />
Michigan), Urocleidus aculeatus (Sander spp., Lake Michigan); cestodes—Corallobothrium<br />
fimbriatum (ictalurids, Lake Michigan), Cyathocephalus truncatus (several species, Lake Erie),<br />
Eubothrium salvelini (coregonids and salmonids, Lake Erie), Diphyllobothrium laruei<br />
(Coregonus spp., Lake Michigan), Ligula intestinalis (several species, Lake Michigan);<br />
nematodes—Capillaria salvelini (coregonids and salmonids, Lake Erie), Cystidicola farionis<br />
(coregonids, salmonids, and Osmerus mordax, Lake Erie), Cystidicola stigmatura (coregonids,<br />
salmonids, and Osmerus mordax, Lake Ontario), Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (coregonids and<br />
salmonids, Lake Michigan), Hysterothylacium brachyurum (several species, Lake Michigan),<br />
Philometroides nodulosa (primarily catostomids, Lake Michigan), Spinitectus carolini (several<br />
species, Lake Michigan), Eustrongylides tubifex (several species, Lake Superior), Spiroxys sp.<br />
(several species, Lake Michigan); acanthocephalans—Neoechinorhynchus cristatus (catostomids,<br />
Lake Michigan), N. rutili (several species, Lake Michigan), N. tenellus (several species, Lake<br />
Michigan); leeches—Actinobdella inequiannulata (catostomids, Lake Michigan), Myzobdella<br />
lugubris (several species, Lake Michigan), Piscicola punctata (several species, Lake Ontario);<br />
and copepods—Ergasilus centrarchidarum (centrarchids and Sander spp., Lake Huron),<br />
Salmincola extumescens (coregonids, Lake Erie). Of <strong>the</strong>se 49 parasite species, 33 species (67%)<br />
have not been reported in fish <strong>from</strong> Lake Michigan possibly due to <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> studies, including<br />
extensive surveys on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> this lake.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong>-Transmitted <strong>Parasites</strong> <strong>of</strong> Public Health Importance<br />
Diphyllobothrium latum Life Cycle and Human Infection<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> larval cestodes found in fish in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> area with human health implications, <strong>the</strong><br />
genus Diphyllobothrium deserves comments. Its life cycle involves copepods that serve as first<br />
intermediate hosts when <strong>the</strong>y ingest <strong>the</strong> coracidium stage (free-swimming stage) in <strong>the</strong> water that<br />
emerges when <strong>the</strong> egg hatches. The larval parasite moves through <strong>the</strong> intestinal wall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
copepod to <strong>the</strong> hemocoel and develops into a stage called a procercoid. The infected copepod is<br />
<strong>the</strong>n ingested by a large fish that <strong>the</strong>n serves as a second intermediate host (which is probably not<br />
common) that includes several species <strong>of</strong> freshwater fishes, including fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> genera Esox,<br />
Perca, Sander, and Lota, along with fish in <strong>the</strong> Salmonidae. When a fish eats an infected<br />
copepod, <strong>the</strong> procercoid is released and moves through <strong>the</strong> intestinal wall and into <strong>the</strong> viscera or<br />
body muscle and develops into a plerocercoid stage. Large fish also become infected by eating a<br />
smaller fish that is infected with <strong>the</strong> plerocercoid stage when it eats an infected copepod. Mature<br />
plerocercoids in fish vary in length (a few millimeters to several centimeters). Plerocercoids are<br />
521
commonly found unencysted and coiled up in <strong>the</strong> musculature and encysted in <strong>the</strong> viscera.<br />
Endo<strong>the</strong>rms (birds and mammals, including humans) become infected by eating raw or poorly<br />
cooked fish infected with plerocercoids. Cestodes <strong>the</strong>n mature in <strong>the</strong> small intestine <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
endo<strong>the</strong>rm, undergo sexual reproduction, and produce eggs that are released with <strong>the</strong> feces into<br />
<strong>the</strong> aquatic environment. Plerocercoids can be seen as “white masses” in uncooked fish but when<br />
<strong>the</strong> flesh is cooked, some worms may not be noticed. Thorough cooking <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flesh kills <strong>the</strong><br />
plerocercoids.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> area, <strong>the</strong>re are at least four species <strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium (D. ditremum <strong>from</strong><br />
<strong>Lakes</strong> Superior, Huron, and Ontario; D. laruei <strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario; D.<br />
latum <strong>from</strong> Lake Superior; and D. oblongatum <strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Superior) that have<br />
been identified infecting a variety <strong>of</strong> fishes in several families as plerocercoids. These species use<br />
<strong>the</strong> following animals as definitive hosts (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses): D. ditremum (piscivorous birds), D.<br />
laruei (cats, dogs), D. latum (dogs, bears, humans), and D. oblongatum (gulls, terns). There are<br />
also many reports <strong>of</strong> unidentified plerocercoids <strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium infecting several species <strong>of</strong><br />
salmonids. Species <strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium in <strong>the</strong> plerocercoid stage that infect fish are difficult to<br />
identify to species. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, a few researchers believe that D. latum plerocercoids occur only<br />
in <strong>the</strong> genera Esox, Sander and Lota.<br />
Adams and Rausch (1997) listed 13 species <strong>of</strong> Diphyllobothrium that are infective to humans. Of<br />
<strong>the</strong>se species, Diphyllobothrium latum is probably <strong>the</strong> only species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> that could<br />
infect humans, and all reports <strong>of</strong> human infections have been associated with Lake Superior and<br />
associated inland waters. The first report <strong>of</strong> D. latum infecting humans in this area is that <strong>of</strong><br />
Nickerson (1906) who reported it <strong>from</strong> a child. Vergeer (1928) reported that D. latum was present<br />
in fish in <strong>the</strong> inland waters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Keweenaw Peninsula <strong>of</strong> Michigan’s Upper Peninsula and<br />
nearby parts <strong>of</strong> Lake Superior. This information served as <strong>the</strong> basis for indicating that nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Michigan and <strong>the</strong> lake region <strong>of</strong> Michigan is an endemic area for D. latum mentioned in several<br />
older medical parasitology textbooks as well as in a nontechnical magazine (Porter 1978). Peters<br />
et al. (1978) specifically examined 62 Esox lucius, 35 Sander canadense, and 3 Sander vitreus<br />
<strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> same collection area <strong>of</strong> Vergeer (1928), as well as 38 Lota lota <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> Portage<br />
waterway in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula and <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> Otter River near Elo, Michigan for<br />
Diphyllobothrium latum. All fish examined by Peters et al. (1978) were negative for D. latum.<br />
Peters et al. (1978) reported that <strong>the</strong> most-recent record <strong>of</strong> human diphyllobothriasis diagnosed at<br />
<strong>the</strong> Houghton, MI laboratory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Michigan Department <strong>of</strong> Health was in 1954. Peters et al.<br />
(1978) concluded “…<strong>the</strong> decline and probable disappearance <strong>of</strong> D. latum <strong>from</strong> this area is most<br />
likely due to culinary changes, resulting in few, if any, pike or o<strong>the</strong>r vector fish being eaten<br />
without thorough cooking.” We concur with <strong>the</strong> conclusion <strong>of</strong> Peters et al. (1978) and believe<br />
that, if D. latum is present in <strong>the</strong> Lake Superior area, it is very infrequent. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, Rogers<br />
(1975) did not find D. latum in a parasite survey <strong>of</strong> black bears (Ursus americanus) that included<br />
upper Michigan.<br />
522
Eustrongylides and Human Infection<br />
Eustrongylides tubifex is a common larval parasite <strong>of</strong> several fish species in a variety <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
families <strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron, Erie, and Ontario. It is infrequent in Lake Michigan fish and has not<br />
been reported <strong>from</strong> fish in Lake Superior. Tubificid oligochaetes serve as intermediate hosts for<br />
E. tubifex (see Karmanova 1965; Measures 1988a, b). Its low numbers in Lake Michigan and its<br />
absence in Lake Superior may be due to low numbers or absence <strong>of</strong> its tubificid intermediate<br />
host.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> life cycle <strong>of</strong> Eustrongylides tubifex and Eustrongylides sp., adult worms occur in <strong>the</strong><br />
esophagus and proventriculus <strong>of</strong> piscivorous birds. After mating, <strong>the</strong> female produces eggs that<br />
are passed in <strong>the</strong> water with <strong>the</strong> bird’s feces. Nematode larvae develop in aquatic tubificid<br />
oligochaetes (e.g. Lumbriculus, Limnodrilus, Tubifex). Several fish species and amphibians<br />
become infected by eating <strong>the</strong>se infected oligochaetes. In fish, <strong>the</strong> large, red larvae may be<br />
encapsulated or free in <strong>the</strong> body cavity and o<strong>the</strong>r areas. Humans become infected by eating raw or<br />
poorly cooked infected fish and by <strong>the</strong> swallowing <strong>of</strong> infected live bait minnows (Gunby 1982;<br />
Eberhard et al. 1989). To date, we are not aware <strong>of</strong> any humans infected with E. tubifex by eating<br />
infected fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, but it is possible. Humans infected with E. tubifex or<br />
Eustrongylides sp. is called Eustrongylidiasis, which is reviewed by Eberhard (1997). In addition,<br />
if <strong>the</strong> fish infected with Eustrongylides tubifex, commonly Perca flavescens, is not cleaned<br />
quickly upon capture, <strong>the</strong> red larvae may move out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir capsules and be found free in <strong>the</strong> body<br />
cavity or in <strong>the</strong> flesh. The person cleaning <strong>the</strong> infected fish may find <strong>the</strong>m unfit for food.<br />
Dioctophyma and Human Infection<br />
One larval nematode in Lake Erie that may affect <strong>the</strong> health <strong>of</strong> humans is Dioctophyma sp. It has<br />
been reported <strong>from</strong> only one fish species, Micropterus salmoides, <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie by Bangham<br />
and Hunter (1939). It is not known if <strong>the</strong> identification <strong>of</strong> Dioctophyma sp. by Bangham and<br />
Hunter (1939) was correct since <strong>the</strong>y did not report finding Eustrongylides tubifex in <strong>the</strong>ir survey<br />
<strong>of</strong> fish. O<strong>the</strong>r investigators, examining fish after Bangham and Hunter (1939), reported E. tubifex<br />
to be a common parasite in Lake Erie fish. Eberhard (1997) reported that between 15 and 20<br />
infections <strong>of</strong> Dioctophyma renale in humans have occurred and “that <strong>the</strong>se patients most likely<br />
became infected by eating raw or poorly cooked fish or frog meat.…” The normal definitive hosts<br />
are mink, and <strong>the</strong>re are also reports <strong>of</strong> infected raccoons and skunks. The adult worms occur in<br />
<strong>the</strong> kidney. Gutierrez et al. (1989) reported a woman <strong>from</strong> Ohio was infected with a nematode<br />
larva undistinguishable <strong>from</strong> D. renale, and suggested that ingestion <strong>of</strong> infected raw fish was <strong>the</strong><br />
probable source. Although we are not aware <strong>of</strong> any humans infected with D. renale by eating<br />
infected fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, <strong>the</strong> public should be aware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se possible infections by<br />
eating raw infected fish or amphibians or by swallowing infected live bait minnows. Infections <strong>of</strong><br />
humans with D. renale are called Dioctophymiasis and, for a review, see Eberhard (1997).<br />
523
Exotic Parasite Species<br />
Mills et al. (1993) listed three exotic parasite species (<strong>the</strong> myxozoan, Myxobolus cerebralis; <strong>the</strong><br />
microsporan, Glugea hertwigi; and <strong>the</strong> copepod, Argulus japonicus) that have been introduced<br />
into <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>. However, since <strong>the</strong>n, seven additional species have been reported (Cone et<br />
al. 1994; Pronin et al. 1997, 1998; Hudson and Bowen 2002; Marcogliese 2008). Exotic parasite<br />
species by body <strong>of</strong> water, taxonomic group, and study are: Lake Michigan—none, Lake<br />
Superior—<strong>the</strong> mastigophoran Trypanosoma acerinae infecting Gymnocephalus cernuus (see<br />
Pronin et al. 1998), <strong>the</strong> larval digenetic trematode Neascus brevicaudatus infecting<br />
Gymnocephalus cernuus (see Pronin et al. 1997), <strong>the</strong> monogeneans Dactylogyrus amphibothrium<br />
infecting Gymnocephalus cernuus (see Cone et al. 1994; Pronin et al. 1998), and Dactylogyrus<br />
hemiamphibothrium infecting Gymnocephalus cernuus (see Pronin et al. 1998); St. Marys<br />
River—none, Lake Huron—<strong>the</strong> copepod Argulus japonicus infecting Perca flavescens, <strong>the</strong><br />
copepod Neoergasilus japonicus infecting several fish species (Hudson and Bowen 2002); St.<br />
Clair River and Lake St. Clair—<strong>the</strong> myxozoan Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli infecting Apollonia<br />
melanostoma (see Pronin et al. 1997); <strong>the</strong> larval cestode Scolex pleuronectis infecting Apollonia<br />
melanostoma (see Pronin et al. 1997); Detroit River—<strong>the</strong> cestode Bothriocephalus acheilognathi<br />
infecting Pimephales notatus (see Marcogliese 2008); Lake Erie— Glugea hertwigi infecting<br />
Osmerus mordax reported by several authors; and Lake Ontario— Glugea hertwigi infecting<br />
Osmerus mordax in three studies. Routes <strong>of</strong> invasion <strong>of</strong> non-endemic parasite species and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
fish hosts into <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> are attributed mainly to ballast-water releases by foreign<br />
commercial vessels, and <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se parasite species on <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> fish communities<br />
should be cause for concern (Krueger and May 1991; Mills et al. 1993; Ricciardi and MacIsaac<br />
2000).<br />
Voucher specimens <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se exotic parasite species mentioned above were not placed in<br />
a depository, so <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species cannot be verified by examining specimens.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, drawings (diagrams) and/or diagnostic characteristics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se exotic species were<br />
not included in <strong>the</strong> published articles. It is emphasized that, when exotic parasite species have<br />
been identified in fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, journals publishing articles <strong>of</strong> this nature must<br />
ensure that investigators deposit voucher specimens <strong>of</strong> all exotic species and o<strong>the</strong>r parasite<br />
species in depositories, such as <strong>the</strong> United States National Parasite Collection, Building 1180,<br />
10300 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705-2359. This specimen deposit is critical to <strong>the</strong> future<br />
analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se data and to ensure quality control <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> identification process.<br />
Major Parasite Groups Occurring in <strong>Fish</strong> in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
There was little variation in <strong>the</strong> percentage occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> major parasite groups in fish among<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> (Table 2). The protozoans (mastigophorans, ciliophorans, myxozoans,<br />
microsporans) varied <strong>from</strong> 10% in Lake Ontario to 27% in Lake Michigan. The myxozoans were<br />
<strong>the</strong> most-common protozoan group infecting fish <strong>from</strong> each lake. The percentage <strong>of</strong> digenetic<br />
trematodes ranged <strong>from</strong> 18% in Lake Michigan to 25% in Lake Erie. If information on<br />
monogeneans <strong>from</strong> Lake Michigan is excluded since only two species have been reported, <strong>the</strong><br />
percentage occurrence <strong>of</strong> this group varied <strong>from</strong> 18% in Lake Superior to 35% in Lake Ontario.<br />
524
The percentages <strong>of</strong> cestodes varied <strong>from</strong> 12% in <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron, Erie, and Ontario to 17% in Lake<br />
Michigan. The percentages <strong>of</strong> nematodes ranged <strong>from</strong> 9% in Lake Ontario to 14% in <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Michigan and Superior. The percentages <strong>of</strong> acanthocephalans varied <strong>from</strong> 6% in <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and<br />
Ontario to 9% in <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Superior. Leeches varied <strong>from</strong> 1% in Lake Huron to 5% in<br />
Lake Michigan. Copepods varied <strong>from</strong> 4% in Lake Ontario to 8% in Lake Michigan. Mollusc<br />
species made up 1% or less <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> parasite groups in each lake.<br />
The percentage occurrence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> major parasite groups in <strong>the</strong> five major fish families<br />
(Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Percidae, Salmonidae) varied among <strong>the</strong> lakes (Tables<br />
6, 10, 16, 22, 28). For <strong>the</strong> cyprinids, <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematodes were <strong>the</strong> dominant group in <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Superior and Erie, and <strong>the</strong> monogeneans were <strong>the</strong> dominant group in <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Ontario.<br />
Protozoans, specifically <strong>the</strong> myxozoans, were most-common group in Lake Michigan cyprinids.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> catostomids, <strong>the</strong> acanthocephalans dominated in Lake Michigan, <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematodes<br />
were most common in <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior (tied with cestodes) and Huron, and <strong>the</strong> monogeneans were<br />
most common in <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and Ontario.The digenetic trematodes were <strong>the</strong> dominant parasites in<br />
<strong>the</strong> centrarchids in <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan, Superior, Huron (tied with monogeneans), and Erie (tied with<br />
monogeneans), and were <strong>the</strong> second most-common group following <strong>the</strong> monogeneans in Lake<br />
Ontario. For <strong>the</strong> percids, digenetic trematodes were <strong>the</strong> most common group in <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan<br />
(tied with <strong>the</strong> nematodes) Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Cestodes were <strong>the</strong> dominant group<br />
in salmonids <strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior, Erie, and Ontario. Copepods were most numerous in<br />
salmonids in Lake Michigan followed by cestodes and nematodes, and nematodes were most<br />
common <strong>from</strong> Lake Huron followed by cestodes, acanthocephalans, and copepods.<br />
Rearranging <strong>the</strong> above parasite group information by lake, digenetic trematodes were <strong>the</strong> mostcommon<br />
group <strong>of</strong> parasites infecting centrarchids and percids in all <strong>the</strong> lakes, except <strong>the</strong>y ranked<br />
second to monogeneans for <strong>the</strong> centrarchids in Lake Ontario. This information indicates that <strong>the</strong><br />
centrarchids and percids more <strong>of</strong>ten than <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r fish families use shallower and warmer<br />
habitats during warm-wea<strong>the</strong>r periods where and when <strong>the</strong> mollusc snail intermediate hosts are<br />
present. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematodes or monogeneans were <strong>the</strong> most-common parasite<br />
groups in Lake Huron and in <strong>the</strong> cyprinids and catostomids <strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and Ontario.<br />
<strong>Fish</strong> in each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five families <strong>from</strong> each <strong>Great</strong> Lake were characterized by <strong>the</strong>ir temperature<br />
preferences. A general trend is that warm- and cool-water fish have more digenetic trematodes<br />
and monogeneans than <strong>the</strong> cold-water fish. Also, digenetic trematodes are <strong>the</strong> most-common<br />
parasite group in centrarchids and percids in most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, which indicates that fish in<br />
<strong>the</strong>se families share similar habitats in <strong>the</strong> lakes where <strong>the</strong>y are exposed to digenetic trematodes<br />
as well as with <strong>the</strong> mollusc intermediate hosts used by <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematodes.<br />
Digenetic trematodes or monogeneans were never <strong>the</strong> most-common parasite group in salmonids<br />
because salmonids are cold-water species in all <strong>the</strong> lakes. The salmonid parasite community is<br />
instead dominated by cestodes, nematodes, or acanthocephalans. This infrequency <strong>of</strong> digenetic<br />
trematodes and monogeneans is due to <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> salmonids in deep, cold-water habitat<br />
during warm-wea<strong>the</strong>r periods where mollusc intermediate hosts for digenetic trematode are<br />
absent or infrequent, and this habitat is not conducive for <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> many monogeneans<br />
525
that have direct life cycles. Cestodes infecting salmonids use copepods as intermediate hosts, and<br />
<strong>the</strong>se copepods are common in <strong>the</strong> cold-water habitat. Acanthocephalans use isopods, amphipods,<br />
ostracods, and maybe copepods as intermediate hosts. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nematode species have indirect<br />
life cycles using a variety <strong>of</strong> intermediate and paratenic hosts (invertebrates and vertebrates) that<br />
salmonids feed on, <strong>the</strong>reby becoming infected with <strong>the</strong>se parasites. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se parasite species<br />
may use paratenic hosts. A paratenic host (also called a transport host) is an animal that <strong>the</strong><br />
parasite occurs in but does not undergo any development that is necessary for it to infect <strong>the</strong> next<br />
organism in its life cycle. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong> parasite does not mature in <strong>the</strong> paratenic host. A<br />
paratenic host can be considered a “bridge” <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> intermediate host to <strong>the</strong> definitive host. The<br />
number <strong>of</strong> fish-parasite species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> that utilize paratenic hosts is unknown, but this<br />
means <strong>of</strong> transmission is believed to be common.<br />
The number <strong>of</strong> monogenean parasite species reported for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> fish were: Lake<br />
Michigan (2), Lake Superior (26), Lake Huron (69), Lake Erie (55), Lake Ontario (79). The<br />
number <strong>of</strong> monogenean species increases as one moves downstream in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> basin.<br />
However, <strong>the</strong> small number and nature <strong>of</strong> studies performed on Lake Michigan fish could play a<br />
role in this small number <strong>of</strong> monogenean species. Extensive surveys on <strong>the</strong> monogenean species<br />
have been done in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> but not Lake Michigan.<br />
One aspidobothrean species, Cotylogaster occidentalis, was reported <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> large intestine <strong>of</strong><br />
one fish species, Aplodinotus grunniens, collected in 1961-1975 <strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and Ontario.<br />
Freshwater mussels are <strong>the</strong> normal hosts <strong>of</strong> C. occidentalis where it matures and undergoes egg<br />
production. It also has been reported <strong>from</strong> turtles and A. grunniens that are believed to be infected<br />
when <strong>the</strong>y eat infected mussels. The infrequency <strong>of</strong> C. occidentalis in Lake Erie and Lake<br />
Ontario fishes and its absence in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r lakes can be explained by <strong>the</strong> fact that C. occidentalis<br />
normally infects mussels and only a few fish such as A. grunniens prey on mussels, and that A.<br />
grunniens was not examined <strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Huron. Also, <strong>the</strong> infrequency or absence <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> mussel host in <strong>the</strong>se lakes probably plays a role in <strong>the</strong> infrequency or absence <strong>of</strong> C.<br />
occidentalis in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>. Aplodinotus grunniens was only examined in one study (Pearse<br />
1924a) in Lake Michigan and C. occidentalis was not reported.<br />
It is not known whe<strong>the</strong>r this lack <strong>of</strong> or infrequent reports <strong>of</strong> glochidia (larval stages <strong>of</strong> freshwater<br />
mussels) on <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> fishes is due to a low number <strong>of</strong> unionid mussel species or to <strong>the</strong> low<br />
number <strong>of</strong> parasite species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, some species <strong>of</strong> glochidia are hostspecific<br />
and it is possible that <strong>the</strong>se fish species have not been examined for parasites.<br />
Parasite Host Specificity<br />
Host specificity plays a key role in <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> parasite species in animals. The occurrence <strong>of</strong><br />
a parasite species in an environment is made in association with <strong>the</strong> host species necessary for <strong>the</strong><br />
completion and continuation <strong>of</strong> its life cycle. Specificity exists not only for <strong>the</strong> parasite to its host<br />
but also for <strong>the</strong> fish host to its environment. A parasite is dependent on <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> hosts in<br />
which it can occur and reproduce. The complexity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> life cycle <strong>of</strong> a parasite, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong><br />
intermediate hosts required, and <strong>the</strong> specificity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parasite at each stage <strong>of</strong> development will<br />
526
affect its distribution. If <strong>the</strong> appropriate intermediate and/or fish hosts are absent, <strong>the</strong> parasite will<br />
be too.<br />
The parasite community <strong>of</strong> a fish species is composed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>: 1) parasites specific to that species,<br />
or more commonly, a higher phylogenetic grouping <strong>of</strong> fish; 2) parasites whose specificity is<br />
determined by an intermediate stage in <strong>the</strong>ir life cycle; and 3) parasites that exhibit little host<br />
specificity. <strong>Fish</strong> are not only infected by parasites specific to <strong>the</strong>m, but also by species<br />
secondarily acquired <strong>from</strong> prey. These latter parasite species will vary according to <strong>the</strong><br />
environment inhabited by <strong>the</strong> specific fish species and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r fish species present.<br />
Based on <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> parasite species in fish in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, many parasite species<br />
show strict host specificity to a single host species (e.g., many protozoan species and most<br />
monogenean species), some species show host specificity to a fish family (e.g., Thelohanellus<br />
notatus, Phyllodistomum staffordi, Lissorchis attenuatus, Glaridacris catostomi, Octospinifer<br />
macilentus), while o<strong>the</strong>r parasite species show no host specificity infecting several fish species in<br />
different fish families (e.g., Crepidostomum cooperi, Camallanus oxycephalus, Acanthocephalus<br />
dirus, Echinorhynchus salmonis). O<strong>the</strong>r examples <strong>of</strong> parasite species in each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se specificity<br />
groupings can be found in <strong>the</strong> tables for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Similarity for Parasite Communities Among <strong>the</strong><br />
Five <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> similarity for <strong>the</strong> parasite communities among <strong>the</strong> five major fish families<br />
(Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Percidae, and Salmonidae) in each <strong>Great</strong> Lake were<br />
low, indicating that fish in <strong>the</strong>se families do not share many parasite species, and as well, parasite<br />
communities in each family were not similar among <strong>the</strong> five <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> (Tables 30-34). The<br />
centrarchids in Lake Michigan do not share many parasite species with centrarchids in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
<strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, with <strong>the</strong> lowest coefficient involving Michigan and Superior (0.0689) (Table 30).<br />
The highest value involved centrarchids <strong>from</strong> Huron and Erie (0.4347), followed by Huron and<br />
Ontario (0.4090). Cyprinids in Lake Michigan share <strong>the</strong> smallest number <strong>of</strong> parasite species with<br />
cyprinids <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r lakes (Table 31). The lowest value (0.0588) involved cyprinids <strong>from</strong><br />
Michigan and Erie. Parasite coefficients ranged <strong>from</strong> 0.1466 to 0.2941 involving cyprinids <strong>from</strong><br />
Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. For catostomids, <strong>the</strong> highest coefficients were between<br />
Superior and Ontario (0.4250) and between Erie and Ontario (0.4210) (Table 32). Overall, <strong>the</strong><br />
parasite communities <strong>of</strong> percids in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> were <strong>the</strong> most similar, with <strong>the</strong> highest<br />
coefficients between <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Ontario (0.5000) and between <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Erie<br />
(0.4938) and <strong>the</strong> lowest coefficient between Michigan and Erie (0.2714) (Table 33). The<br />
salmonids in Lake Superior shared <strong>the</strong> largest number <strong>of</strong> parasite species with salmonids in Lake<br />
Huron (0.4761), followed by salmonids in Superior and Ontario (0.3000) (Table 34). Parasite<br />
faunas <strong>of</strong> salmonids in Erie and Michigan are most dissimilar with a value <strong>of</strong> 0.1250. <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Michigan and Erie are very different in <strong>the</strong>ir physical habitat; however, <strong>the</strong> habitat used by<br />
salmonids in <strong>the</strong>se lakes may not be so different.<br />
527
Table 30. Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity for fishes in <strong>the</strong> family<br />
Centrarchidae <strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan, Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, 1871-2010.<br />
Lake Michigan Superior Huron Erie<br />
Michigan 1.0000 0.0689 0.0806 0.1038<br />
Superior 0.0689 1.0000 0.3000 0.2151<br />
Huron 0.0806 0.3000 1.0000 0.4347<br />
Erie 0.1038 0.2151 0.4347 1.0000<br />
Ontario 0.0694 0.2571 0.4090 0.3523<br />
Table 31. Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity for fish in <strong>the</strong> family Cyprinidae<br />
<strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan, Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, 1871-2010.<br />
Lake Michigan Superior Huron Erie<br />
Michigan 1.0000 0.0967 0.0724 0.0588<br />
Superior 0.0967 1.0000 0.2941 0.2142<br />
Huron 0.0724 0.2941 1.0000 0.2705<br />
Erie 0.0588 0.2142 0.2705 1.0000<br />
Ontario 0.0833 0.2452 0.2619 0.1466<br />
Table 32. Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity for fish in <strong>the</strong> family<br />
Catostomidae <strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan, Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, 1871-2010.<br />
Lake Michigan Superior Huron Erie<br />
Michigan 1.0000 0.2500 0.1875 0.1311<br />
Superior 0.2500 1.0000 0.3846 0.2727<br />
Huron 0.1875 0.3846 1.0000 0.3913<br />
Erie 0.1311 0.2727 0.3913 1.0000<br />
Ontario 0.2000 0.4250 0.3800 0.4210<br />
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Table 33. Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity for fish in <strong>the</strong> family Percidae<br />
<strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan, Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, 1871-2010.<br />
Lake Michigan Superior Huron Erie<br />
Michigan 1.0000 0.3061 0.3731 0.2714<br />
Superior 0.3061 1.0000 0.3150 0.3285<br />
Huron 0.3731 0.3150 1.0000 0.4938<br />
Erie 0.2714 0.3285 0.4938 1.0000<br />
Ontario 0.3281 0.3088 0.5000 0.4250<br />
Table 34. Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity for fish in <strong>the</strong> family Salmonidae<br />
<strong>from</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan, Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, 1871-2010.<br />
Lake Michigan Superior Huron Erie<br />
Michigan 1.0000 0.2777 0.2857 0.1250<br />
Superior 0.2777 1.0000 0.4761 0.1400<br />
Huron 0.2857 0.4761 1.0000 0.1538<br />
Erie 0.1250 0.1400 0.1538 1.0000<br />
Ontario 0.2222 0.3000 0.1525 0.1428<br />
Parasite Species-Richness, Autogenic-Allogenic Helminth Species, and<br />
Jaccard Coefficients <strong>of</strong> Parasite-Community Similarity for Specific <strong>Fish</strong><br />
Species<br />
Parasite species-richness, percentages <strong>of</strong> autogenic-allogenic helminth species, and Jaccard<br />
coefficients for <strong>the</strong> parasite communities were used to describe and compare <strong>the</strong> parasite and<br />
helminth faunas <strong>of</strong> specific fish species. For each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five major fish families previously<br />
discussed and Osmeridae, one or two fish species (Centrarchidae—Ambloplites rupestris,<br />
Cyprinidae—Notropis hudsonius, Catostomidae—Catostomus commersonii, Percidae—Perca<br />
flavescens, Salmonidae—Coregonus clupeaformis, Salvelinus namaycush, Osmeridae—Osmerus<br />
mordax) were chosen based on <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> studies performed and available data <strong>from</strong> each<br />
<strong>Great</strong> Lake. These baseline data on parasite species-richness as well as on <strong>the</strong> occurrence and<br />
percentages <strong>of</strong> autogenic and allogenic helminth species and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r parasite groups in <strong>the</strong>se<br />
specific fish species in this synopsis are important because data generated in future studies can be<br />
compared to <strong>the</strong>m. Temporal difference in <strong>the</strong>se data may indicate that one or more abiotic or<br />
biotic characteristics playing a role in <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> parasites in fishes are changing in one or<br />
more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se lakes.<br />
529
Ambloplites rupestris harbored as few as 5 helminth species in Lake Michigan to as many as 27<br />
species in Lake Huron. The percentage <strong>of</strong> autogenic species was higher than that <strong>of</strong> allogenic<br />
species in all lakes and ranged <strong>from</strong> 60% in Lake Superior to 80% in Lake Michigan. The<br />
dominant autogenic helminth groups were <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematodes in <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and<br />
Huron, <strong>the</strong> nematodes in <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and Ontario, and <strong>the</strong> acanthocephalans in Lake Superior.<br />
Ambloplites rupestris <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie had <strong>the</strong> highest percentage <strong>of</strong> allogenic species (24%). The<br />
number <strong>of</strong> parasite species shared by A. rupestris (and Jaccard coefficients) in two lake<br />
comparisons varied dramatically <strong>from</strong> 0 (0.0000) for <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Superior to 21 (0.4285)<br />
for <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Ontario.<br />
The number <strong>of</strong> helminth species infecting Notropis hudsonius ranged <strong>from</strong> 3 species in Lake<br />
Michigan to 20 species in Lake Huron. The percentage <strong>of</strong> autogenic helminth species was higher<br />
than <strong>the</strong> allogenic species in Lake Michigan (100%), Lake Huron (72%), and Lake Erie (67%),<br />
<strong>the</strong> converse was true for <strong>the</strong> allogenic species in Lake Ontario (55%), and autogenic and<br />
allogenic species were equally abundant (50%) in Lake Superior. Overall, <strong>the</strong> dominant helminth<br />
group <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> autogenic component was <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematodes; acanthocephalans were equally<br />
abundant in Lake Superior; and cestodes, nematodes, and acanthocephalans were equally<br />
abundant in Lake Ontario. The number <strong>of</strong> parasite species shared by N. hudsonius (and Jaccard<br />
coefficients) in two lake comparisons ranged <strong>from</strong> 3 (0.1200) for <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Superior to<br />
14 (0.4118) for <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Erie.<br />
Catostomus commersonii harbored as few as 12 helminth species in Lake Michigan to as many as<br />
22 in Lake Huron. In all lakes, <strong>the</strong> autogenic component was <strong>the</strong> dominant component varying<br />
<strong>from</strong> 67% in Lake Erie to 100% in Lake Michigan. The highest allogenic helminth species<br />
component (33%) was in Lake Erie. The acanthocephalans were <strong>the</strong> dominant helminth group <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> autogenic component in each lake. The number <strong>of</strong> parasite species shared by C. commersonii<br />
in two lake comparisons ranged <strong>from</strong> 6 for <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Ontario to 21 for both <strong>the</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Huron and Erie and <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and Ontario comparisons. The concurrent Jaccard coefficients for<br />
<strong>the</strong> parasite-community similarity for <strong>the</strong>se two lake comparisons were 0.1795, 0.4667, and<br />
0.6176, respectively. This last coefficient (0.6176) for C. commersonii was <strong>the</strong> highest for <strong>the</strong><br />
specific fish species compared.<br />
The number <strong>of</strong> helminth species in Perca flavescens ranged <strong>from</strong> 12 in Lake Superior to 36 in<br />
Lake Huron. The autogenic component was higher than <strong>the</strong> allogeneic component in P.<br />
flavescens <strong>from</strong> all <strong>the</strong> lakes and ranged <strong>from</strong> 62% in Lake Ontario to 80% in Lake Michigan. Of<br />
<strong>the</strong> autogenic helminth component, <strong>the</strong> digenetic trematodes dominated in <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Erie<br />
and <strong>the</strong> nematodes dominated in <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan, Superior, and Ontario. The number <strong>of</strong> parasite<br />
species shared by P. flavescens in two lake comparisons (and Jaccard coefficients) ranged <strong>from</strong> 7<br />
(0.1795) for <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Superior to 27 (0.4821) for <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Ontario.<br />
Coregonus clupeaformis were found to have as few as 4 helminth species in Lake Michigan to as<br />
many as 22 species in Lake Huron. The autogenic helminth component was dominant, ranging<br />
<strong>from</strong> 75% in Lake Erie to 100% in Lake Michigan. The autogenic helminth component makeup<br />
varied among <strong>the</strong> lakes with <strong>the</strong> cestodes dominating in <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Ontario, cestodes<br />
530
and nematodes were equally abundant in Lake Superior, cestodes and acanthocephalans were<br />
equally abundant in Lake Erie, and <strong>the</strong> nematodes were dominate in Lake Huron. The number <strong>of</strong><br />
parasite species shared by C. clupeaformis in two lake comparisons ranged <strong>from</strong> 2 for <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Michigan and Erie to 13 for <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Ontario. Jaccard coefficients were 0.1428 for <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Michigan and Erie, 0.1379 for <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Erie, and 0.5000 for <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Ontario<br />
and for <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Ontario.<br />
The number <strong>of</strong> helminth species in Salvelinus namaycush ranged <strong>from</strong> 2 in Lake Erie to 14<br />
species in Lake Superior. The autogenic component dominated in all <strong>the</strong> lakes and ranged <strong>from</strong><br />
67% in Lake Ontario to 100% in <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Erie. The acanthocephalans were <strong>the</strong><br />
dominant helminth group in <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Huron, acanthocephalans and cestodes were<br />
equally abundant in Lake Ontario, and <strong>the</strong> cestodes dominated in Lake Superior. The number <strong>of</strong><br />
parasite species shared by S. namaycush in two lake comparisons (and Jaccard coefficients)<br />
ranged <strong>from</strong> 0 (0.0000) for <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Erie and <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and Ontario to 5 (0.2173) for<br />
<strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Huron.<br />
The number <strong>of</strong> helminth species in Osmerus mordax ranged <strong>from</strong> 5 in Lake Michigan to 15 in<br />
Lake Huron. The autogenic component dominated in four lakes, ranging <strong>from</strong> 70% in Lake Erie<br />
to 89% in Lake Superior, and was 50% in Lake Ontario. The acanthocephalans were <strong>the</strong><br />
dominant helminth group (adult digeneans were not found) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> autogenic component in <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Michigan, Superior, Erie, and Ontario, and <strong>the</strong> nematodes were most common in Lake Huron.<br />
The number <strong>of</strong> parasite species shared by O. mordax in two lake comparisons were 3 for <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Michigan and Erie, <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Ontario, and <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Erie, and 6 for <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Huron and Erie. The corresponding Jaccard coefficients were 0.2307, 0.3750, 0.1764, and 0.5000,<br />
respectively.<br />
The variability in <strong>the</strong> helminth species-richness values in <strong>the</strong>se specific fish species is dramatic,<br />
ranging <strong>from</strong> 2 in Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Erie to 36 in Perca flavescens in Lake Huron.<br />
Helminth species-richness for Ambloplites rupestris, Notropis hudsonius, Catostomus<br />
commersonii, Coregonus clupeaformis, and Osmerus mordax was lowest in Lake Michigan and<br />
highest in Lake Huron. The low species-richness in Lake Michigan is believed due to a lack <strong>of</strong> an<br />
extensive parasite survey as has been done in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> as well as fewer studies<br />
having been performed in this lake. Only 41 parasite studies have been done in Lake Michigan<br />
compared to 60 studies in Lake Huron. A possible reason why more parasite studies have been<br />
done in <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario is that researchers <strong>from</strong> both Canada and <strong>the</strong><br />
United States share research and management <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se waters, which is not <strong>the</strong> case for Lake<br />
Michigan.<br />
The low Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> Ambloplites rupestris, Notropis hudsonius, Catostomus<br />
commersonii, Perca flavescens, Coregonus clupeaformis, Salvelinus namaycush, and Osmerus<br />
mordax indicate that <strong>the</strong>re is a low degree <strong>of</strong> similarity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parasite communities among <strong>the</strong><br />
lakes for each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se fish species. These low coefficients and <strong>the</strong> low number <strong>of</strong> shared<br />
helminth species among <strong>the</strong> lakes support <strong>the</strong> findings <strong>of</strong> Esch et al. (1988) for locations in <strong>the</strong><br />
British Isles—that helminth communities in <strong>the</strong> same fish species show a low degree <strong>of</strong> similarity<br />
531
in composition and numbers between locations and appear to be stochastic in nature. This<br />
variability in helminth (parasite) species-richness and low Jaccard coefficients for parasitecommunity<br />
similarity for <strong>the</strong>se same fish species provides more evidence that <strong>the</strong> parasite faunas<br />
are different among <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
Comparisons <strong>of</strong> Jaccard coefficients were made for each fish species between lakes and its family<br />
between lakes to determine if differences existed in <strong>the</strong>m in <strong>the</strong> lake pairs examined. The highest<br />
Jaccard coefficients for <strong>the</strong> parasite communities for each specific fish species and for <strong>the</strong> fish<br />
families each fish species is in among <strong>the</strong> lakes (first and second coefficients), and lowest<br />
coefficients for each specific fish species and for <strong>the</strong> fish families each species is in (third and<br />
fourth coefficients) (in paren<strong>the</strong>ses) were: Ambloplites rupestris (0.4285, <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and<br />
Ontario; 0.4347, <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Erie; and 0.0000, <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Superior; 0.0689, <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Michigan and Superior); Notropis hudsonius (0.4138, <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Erie; 0.2941, <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Superior and Huron; and 0.1200, <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Superior; 0.0588, <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and<br />
Erie); Catostomus commersonii (0.6176, <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and Ontario; 0.4250, <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and<br />
Ontario; and 0.1795, <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Erie; 0.1311, <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Erie); Perca<br />
flavescens (0.4821, <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Ontario; 0.5000, <strong>Lakes</strong> Huron and Ontario; and 0.1795,<br />
<strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Superior; 0.2714, <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Erie); Coregonus clupeaformis<br />
(0.5000, <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Ontario; 0.4776, <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Huron; and 0.1379, <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Huron and Erie; 0.1250, <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Erie); Salvelinus namaycush (0.2173, <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Superior and Huron; 0.4761, <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Huron; and 0.0000, <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and Ontario;<br />
0.1250, <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Erie); Osmerus mordax (0.3750, <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Ontario;<br />
0.3750, <strong>Lakes</strong> Michigan and Ontario; and 0.1764, <strong>Lakes</strong> Superior and Erie; 0.1764, <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Superior and Erie). These coefficients indicate that: 1) <strong>the</strong> highest coefficients for a fish species<br />
and its family may not involve <strong>the</strong> same two lakes, demonstrating different coefficients may be<br />
obtained when one fish species or fish family is being compared; 2) <strong>the</strong>re is variation between<br />
lakes in that a fish species may share very few species, or it may share a number <strong>of</strong> parasite<br />
species between lakes; and 3) variation in <strong>the</strong>se coefficients indicates that some parasite species<br />
are host-specific or not host-specific to a certain fish species or fish family.<br />
Each fish species occupies similar habitats in <strong>the</strong> different <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, and are <strong>the</strong>refore believed<br />
to be exposed to similar parasites and <strong>the</strong>ir intermediate and paratenic hosts. Also, fish in <strong>the</strong><br />
Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Percidae, and Salmonidae in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> are<br />
similar to one ano<strong>the</strong>r when <strong>the</strong> percentages <strong>of</strong> major parasite taxonomic groups are compared<br />
among lakes, but <strong>the</strong> specific parasite species making up each major parasite taxonomic group<br />
infecting fish are not that similar among <strong>the</strong> lakes. This finding indicates <strong>the</strong> factors involved in<br />
<strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> parasite species in <strong>the</strong> same fish species are different <strong>from</strong> <strong>Great</strong> Lake to <strong>Great</strong><br />
Lake. Therefore, <strong>the</strong> Jaccard coefficients <strong>of</strong> parasite-community similarity are low among <strong>the</strong><br />
lakes. Many protozoan and most monogenean species with <strong>the</strong>ir fish-host specificity are not<br />
shared by fish species or fish families, so <strong>the</strong>se parasite groups play a major role in <strong>the</strong>se low<br />
Jaccard coefficients.<br />
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Our analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> information and data <strong>from</strong> this syn<strong>the</strong>sis <strong>of</strong> parasite studies conducted during<br />
1871-2010 indicates that <strong>the</strong>re is a close association between parasites and <strong>the</strong>ir specific fish hosts<br />
or fish families within each <strong>Great</strong> Lake but not among <strong>the</strong> lakes. Only 32 parasite species<br />
occurred in all <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, and 49 parasite species infected fish <strong>from</strong> four <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five <strong>Great</strong><br />
<strong>Lakes</strong>. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, each <strong>Great</strong> Lake with its fish examined in <strong>the</strong> Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae,<br />
Catostomidae, Percidae, and Salmonidae and <strong>the</strong>ir associated parasites “somewhat stand alone”<br />
and are different <strong>from</strong> each o<strong>the</strong>r. In o<strong>the</strong>r words, <strong>the</strong> same fish species among <strong>the</strong> lakes do not<br />
share many parasite species.<br />
<strong>Lakes</strong>, <strong>Fish</strong> Faunas, and Parasite Communities<br />
One approach to characterize <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish is to describe <strong>the</strong> helminth communities based<br />
on <strong>the</strong> aquatic environment <strong>the</strong> fish occur in. Wisniewski (1958) suggested that <strong>the</strong> abiotic and<br />
biotic characteristics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> body <strong>of</strong> water influence and determine <strong>the</strong> parasite fauna <strong>of</strong> fish, and<br />
Dogiel (1962) proposed that <strong>the</strong> parasites found in fish are related to <strong>the</strong> food eaten. Esch (1971)<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r developed <strong>the</strong>se ideas by suggesting that <strong>the</strong> ecological succession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> aquatic<br />
environment and <strong>the</strong> trophic level occupied by fish species are important in determing <strong>the</strong><br />
composition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir parasites. He proposed that as lentic environments undergo succession <strong>from</strong><br />
oligotrophy to mesotrophy to eutrophy <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish also change through time. He<br />
collected data on only <strong>the</strong> helminth parasite species <strong>of</strong> centrarchids <strong>from</strong> oligotrophic Gull Lake<br />
and eutrophic Wintergreen and Duck <strong>Lakes</strong> in Michigan. He reported that fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
oligotrophic system harbored a larger number <strong>of</strong> adult helminth species that complete <strong>the</strong>ir life<br />
cycle in fish (autogenic species) and a smaller number <strong>of</strong> larval helminths, whereas fish in <strong>the</strong><br />
eutrophic lakes had a proportionately larger number <strong>of</strong> larval helminths which complete <strong>the</strong>ir life<br />
cycles in piscivoruos birds and mammals (allogenic species).<br />
That autogenic helminths predominate in oligotrophic lakes and allogenic helminths predominate<br />
in eutrophic lakes is based on a premise, accepted by some aquatic parasitologists, that cold-water<br />
lakes (oligotrophic systems) are relatively closed to <strong>the</strong> surrounding environment requiring that<br />
most parasites obtain maturity in fish. On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, fish in warm-water lakes (eutrophic<br />
systems), where it has been suggested <strong>the</strong>re is more aquatic-terrestrial or peripheral interaction<br />
among organisms, will have more parasite species that mature in piscivorous birds and mammals<br />
associated with <strong>the</strong> lake. If this is true, fish in cold-water lakes will have more autogenic helminth<br />
species than allogenic species and vice versa in warm-water lakes.<br />
In North America, cold-water lakes usually have a dominant salmonid fish fauna, whereas warmwater<br />
lakes normally have a dominant centrarchid fish fauna. An intermediate lake type between<br />
<strong>the</strong>se two may have a more mixed population with percids (cool-water species) <strong>of</strong>ten dominant.<br />
There is really a transition <strong>from</strong> cold-water to warm-water lakes. In <strong>the</strong>ory, <strong>the</strong> maximum number<br />
<strong>of</strong> parasite species <strong>of</strong> salmonids will occur in cold-water conditions and maximum number <strong>of</strong><br />
parasite species <strong>of</strong> centrarchids will occur in warm-water conditions.<br />
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In Lake Michigan, percids harbored <strong>the</strong> most parasite species (33) followed by <strong>the</strong> salmonids<br />
(27), catostomids (15), centrarchids (13), and cyprinids (12). Nine studies have been performed<br />
on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens. Parasite studies were done on 11 salmonid species with <strong>the</strong><br />
most-studied species being Salvelinus namycush (8 studies), Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (7<br />
studies), and Coregonus hoyi (6 studies). A total <strong>of</strong> 90 parasite species have been reported <strong>from</strong><br />
fish in this lake. Salmonids (cold-water species) and P. flavescens (cool-water species) and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
autogenic helminth parasites are prominent in Lake Michigan, whereas <strong>the</strong> cyprinids and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
parasites are a minor component.<br />
In Lake Superior, salmonids harbored <strong>the</strong> most parasite species (45), followed by <strong>the</strong> percids<br />
(39), catostomids (32), cyprinids (29), and centrarchids (24). The most-studied species were <strong>the</strong><br />
salmonids Coregonus artedi (13 studies) and Salvelinus namaycush (9 studies). Only one study<br />
was performed on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens. A total <strong>of</strong> 148 parasite species have been<br />
reported <strong>from</strong> fish in this lake. Salmonids and <strong>the</strong>ir autogenic helminths are prominent in this<br />
lake, followed by P. flavescens and its autogenic helminths. The percentages <strong>of</strong> autogenic and<br />
allogenic helminth species in <strong>the</strong> cyprinids were similar.<br />
In Lake Huron, cyprinids harbored <strong>the</strong> most parasite species (66), followed by <strong>the</strong> percids (64),<br />
centrarchids (51), salmonids (50), and catostomids (43). Twenty cyprinid species and 14<br />
salmonid species have been examined, whereas <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> species examined in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
families was eight or less. The most-studied species <strong>of</strong> cyprinids were Cyprinus carpio (5<br />
studies), Notropis hudsonius (6 studies), and Pimephales promelas (4 studies). The most-studied<br />
salmonid species was Coregonus clupeaformis (10 studies). Ten studies have been performed on<br />
Perca flavescens. The largest number <strong>of</strong> parasite species (242) was reported <strong>from</strong> this lake. The<br />
cyprinids and <strong>the</strong>ir autogenic helminths are prominent in Lake Huron, closely followed by <strong>the</strong><br />
percids and centrarchids and <strong>the</strong>ir autogenic helminths, and <strong>the</strong>n by <strong>the</strong> salmonids and<br />
catostomids.<br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 231 parasite species were reported <strong>from</strong> Lake Erie. The largest number <strong>of</strong> studies on<br />
<strong>the</strong> largest number <strong>of</strong> species representing <strong>the</strong> largest number <strong>of</strong> fish families was done in Lake<br />
Erie. Centrarchids harbored <strong>the</strong> most parasite species (76), followed by <strong>the</strong> percids (64),<br />
catostomids (54), cyprinids (47), and <strong>the</strong> salmonids (14). Parasite studies were done on 23<br />
cyprinid species, 13 percid species, 9 catostomid species, and 9 centrarchid species. Perca<br />
flavescens was <strong>the</strong> most-studied species (18 studies) followed by Micropterus dolomieu (8<br />
studies) and Micropterus salmoides, Ambloplites rupestris, and Lepomis gibbosus that had 5<br />
studies each. Lake Erie is characterized by having a mixture <strong>of</strong> centrarchids, percids, catostomids,<br />
and cyprinids and <strong>the</strong>ir autogenic helminths. Salmonids and <strong>the</strong>ir parasites are a minor component<br />
in Lake Erie.<br />
In Lake Ontario, 228 parasite species have been reported. Centrarchids harbored <strong>the</strong> most parasite<br />
species (69), followed by <strong>the</strong> percids (58), cyprinids (47), catostomids (25), and salmonids (21).<br />
Twelve cyprinid species, 7 centrarchid species, 9 salmonid species, and 6 percid species were<br />
examined for parasites. The most-studied species were Perca flavescens (14 studies) and<br />
Ambloplites rupestris (10 studies). Lake Ontario is characterized by having a mixture <strong>of</strong> mainly<br />
534
centrarchids, percids, and cyprinids and <strong>the</strong>ir autogenic helminths, followed by <strong>the</strong> catostomids<br />
and salmonids and <strong>the</strong>ir autogenic parasites.<br />
In general, fish species in <strong>the</strong> five major families examined for parasites were different among <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>. Percids were most commonly examined in Lake Michigan, salmonids in Lake<br />
Superior, cyprinids in Lake Huron, and centrarchids and percids in <strong>Lakes</strong> Erie and Ontario. The<br />
common thread among <strong>the</strong>se lakes is that percid parasites were <strong>the</strong> most-dominant group or <strong>the</strong><br />
second most-dominant group in each lake probably because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> large number <strong>of</strong> studies and/or<br />
extensive survey(s) performed on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> Perca flavescens. Perca flavescens had <strong>the</strong><br />
highest parasite species-richness in each <strong>Great</strong> Lake, except for Coregonus artedi in Lake<br />
Superior. Because <strong>the</strong>re was variation in <strong>the</strong> fish species examined among <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>, <strong>the</strong><br />
reported parasite communities in fish <strong>from</strong> each lake were different, and <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>the</strong> Jaccard<br />
coefficients are low for <strong>the</strong> parasite-community comparisons.<br />
It is probable that, as <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined and number <strong>of</strong> parasite studies<br />
performed increases, so will <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> parasite species found in each <strong>Great</strong> Lake, especially<br />
those parasite species that are host-specific to a fish species or fish family. Although not<br />
significant, correlations were high between <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> parasite species reported <strong>from</strong> each<br />
lake and number <strong>of</strong> fish species examined and number <strong>of</strong> parasite studies performed.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se parasitological results summarized in this synopsis for each <strong>Great</strong><br />
Lake may be artifacts <strong>of</strong> sample size, may be influenced by <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> individuals <strong>of</strong> various<br />
fish species examined, may be affected by <strong>the</strong> number or lack <strong>of</strong> studies performed on specific<br />
fish species, and may be biased by <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> studies on o<strong>the</strong>r fish species.<br />
Conceptual Framework to Study <strong>Fish</strong> Health in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Riley et al. (2008) proposed a conceptual framework for conducting ecologically oriented fish<br />
health research in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>. Their premise was that a dysfunctional ecosystem, one that<br />
has been disrupted to reduce vigor, organization, or resilience, may show a wider range <strong>of</strong><br />
variability to factors that influence disease transmission, <strong>the</strong>reby increasing <strong>the</strong> likelihood that <strong>the</strong><br />
threshold required for epizootics will be exceeded. The material <strong>the</strong>y presented focused on<br />
viruses and bacteria <strong>of</strong> fish, and <strong>the</strong>y discussed three models involving thiamine deficiency<br />
complex, botulism, and bacterial kidney disease in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
A possible example <strong>of</strong> parasites and a dysfunctional ecosystem involves <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong><br />
cestodes, especially <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genera Bothriocephalus and Proteocephalus, in Sander vitreus in<br />
Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. These cestodes use copepod zooplankton as <strong>the</strong> first intermediate host<br />
and small fish as <strong>the</strong> second intermediate host or as <strong>the</strong> paratenic host. Sander vitreus and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
fish species become infected by eating <strong>the</strong> infected copepods or small fish. In 2007, <strong>the</strong>re were<br />
numerous angler reports <strong>of</strong> an increased prevalence <strong>of</strong> cestodes in Sander vitreus <strong>from</strong> Saginaw<br />
Bay and its tributaries (J. Baker, Michigan Department <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources and <strong>the</strong><br />
Environment, personal communication, 2007 and 2008). It was suggested that biological<br />
conditions in Saginaw Bay (specifically, changes in <strong>the</strong> food chain) in 2007 may have changed to<br />
make <strong>the</strong> cestode infection in Sander vitreus more prevalent than in previous years. The increased<br />
535
prevalence <strong>of</strong> cestodes (tapeworms) may be <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> a change in <strong>the</strong> diet <strong>of</strong> S. vitreus due to<br />
reduced abundance <strong>of</strong> Alosa pseudoharengus, which was a principal prey fish for S. vitreus. In<br />
response to reduced abundance <strong>of</strong> A. pseudoharengus, S. vitreus changed its diet to include more<br />
<strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r kinds <strong>of</strong> forage fish, including a variety <strong>of</strong> cyprinid minnows and Perca flavescens that<br />
serve as second intermediate hosts and paratenic hosts for <strong>the</strong> cestodes Bothriocephalus sp. and<br />
Proteocephalus sp.<br />
CONCLUSIONS<br />
The small number <strong>of</strong> studies performed on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> after 1990 is<br />
not surprising since <strong>the</strong>re are few fish parasitologists working in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> area. This<br />
shortage is attributable to fewer fish parasitologists being trained, few fish parasitologists being<br />
employed by agencies and institutions in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> area, and <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> funds to support<br />
fish parasitological studies. The deficiency <strong>of</strong> research on <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fishes and on <strong>the</strong><br />
ecology <strong>of</strong> fish diseases in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> and connecting waterways is disturbing. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore,<br />
<strong>the</strong> entry <strong>of</strong> exotic parasites and exotic invertebrates and fishes with <strong>the</strong>ir parasites into <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong><br />
<strong>Lakes</strong> makes increased vigilance a necessity.<br />
There are probably large numbers <strong>of</strong> parasite species present in fish <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
connecting bodies <strong>of</strong> water that are still to be found, described, and/or recorded. It is difficult to<br />
even estimate <strong>the</strong> total number <strong>of</strong> parasite species in fish <strong>from</strong> each lake since many fish species<br />
have not been examined, and several fish species have only been examined once. A great deal <strong>of</strong><br />
work is needed before we have a more-complete list <strong>of</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>.<br />
Even if this list is completed, <strong>the</strong>re will remain <strong>the</strong> greater task <strong>of</strong> examining and mapping <strong>the</strong><br />
distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parasites in relationship to a variety <strong>of</strong> variables in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong>. It is our<br />
view that this synopsis is a starting place for future parasite studies. We believe that a holistic and<br />
integrative approach to research should be undertaken to study <strong>the</strong> parasites <strong>of</strong> fish in each <strong>Great</strong><br />
Lake that involves parasitologists, fish health specialists, ichthyologists, fisheries biologists, and<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r researchers <strong>from</strong> various agencies and institutions.<br />
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS<br />
We gratefully acknowledge <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> <strong>Fish</strong>ery Commission, Ann Arbor, Michigan, for <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
support <strong>of</strong> this synopsis. We thank James W. Peck for his detailed edit <strong>of</strong> an earlier version <strong>of</strong> this<br />
report and Michael Lima for his technical assistance in compiling some information for this<br />
synopsis.<br />
536
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MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS<br />
February 1993 What's next? The prediction and management <strong>of</strong> exotic species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> (report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
1991 workshop). E.L. Mills, J.H. Leach, C.L. Secor, and J.T. Carlton. 22 p.<br />
August 1993 A survey <strong>of</strong> fish-community and habitat goals/objectives/targets and status in <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> areas<br />
<strong>of</strong> concern. J.H. Hartig. 95 p.<br />
August 1993 Toward integrating remedial-action and fishery-management planning in <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> areas <strong>of</strong><br />
concern. J.H. Hartig. 34 p<br />
September 1994 Walleye-rehabilitation guidelines for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> area. P.J. Colby, C.A. Lewis, R.L.<br />
Eshenroder, R.C. Haas, L.J. Hushak. 112 p.<br />
April 1996 A lake trout restoration plan for Lake Superior. M.J. Hansen [ED.]. 34 p.<br />
August 1998 A lake trout rehabilitation guide for Lake Huron. M.P. Ebener [ED.]. 48 p.<br />
2003-01 A rehabilitation plan for walleye populations and habitats in Lake Superior. M.H. H<strong>of</strong>f [ED.]. 22<br />
p.<br />
2003-02 A lake sturgeon rehabilitation plan for Lake Superior. N.A. Auer [ED.]. 28 p.<br />
2003-03 A brook trout rehabilitation plan for Lake Superior. L.E. Newman, R.B. DuBois, and T.N.<br />
Halpern [EDS]. 40 p.<br />
2006-01 A mid-decade review <strong>of</strong> progress under a “strategic vision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> <strong>Fish</strong>ery<br />
Commission for <strong>the</strong> first decade <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new millennium.” 45 p.<br />
2006-02 Application <strong>of</strong> a dichotomous key to <strong>the</strong> classification <strong>of</strong> sea lamprey marks on <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> fish.<br />
Ebener, M.P., E.L. King, Jr., T.A. Edsall. 22 p.<br />
2007-01 A joint strategic plan for management <strong>of</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> fisheries. <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> <strong>Fish</strong>ery Commission<br />
[ED.]. 28 p.<br />
2007-02 Application <strong>of</strong> a dichotomous key to <strong>the</strong> classification <strong>of</strong> sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus marks<br />
on lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Patrick, H.K., T.M. Sutton, and W.D. Swink. 24 p.<br />
2008-01 A guide for <strong>the</strong> rehabilitation <strong>of</strong> lake trout in Lake Michigan. Bronte, C.R., C.C. Krueger, M.E.<br />
Holey, M.L. Toneys, R.L. Eshenroder, and J.L. Jonas. 40 p.<br />
2008-02 A strategic plan for <strong>the</strong> rehabilitation <strong>of</strong> lake trout in Lake Erie, 2008-2020. Markham, J.L.,<br />
Cook, A., MacDougall, T., Witzel, L. Kayle, K., Murray, M., Fodale, M., Trometer, E., Neave,<br />
F., Fitzsimons, J. Francis, J. Stapanian, M. 42 p.<br />
2010-01 Genetic guidelines for <strong>the</strong> stocking <strong>of</strong> Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong><br />
Basin. Amy B. Welsh, Robert F. Elliott, Kim T. Scribner, Henry R. Quinlan, Edward A. Baker,<br />
Bradley T. Eggold, J. Marty Holtgren, Charles C. Krueger, and Bernie May. 62 p.<br />
2010-02 Identification <strong>of</strong> Michigan fishes using cleithra. Daniel Traynor, Ashley Moerke, and Roger<br />
Greil. 58 p.<br />
2010-03 Strategic plan for Lake Champlain fisheries. J. Ellen Marsden, Brian D. Chipman, Bernie<br />
Pientka, William F. Schoch, and Bradley A. Young. 44 p.<br />
Cover photograph <strong>of</strong> Neoergasilus japonicus attached to <strong>the</strong> dorsal fin <strong>of</strong> a fa<strong>the</strong>ad minnow (Pimephales promelas)<br />
<strong>from</strong> Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, provided by Patrick L. Hudson, <strong>Great</strong> <strong>Lakes</strong> Science Center, U.S. Geological<br />
Survey, Ann Arbor, Michigan.