Octavo-lateralis system
Octavo-lateralis system
Octavo-lateralis system
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The Lateral Line Organs of Four<br />
Deep-Sea Fish<br />
THE UNIVERSITY<br />
OF QUEENSLAND<br />
A U S T R A L I A<br />
Justin Marshall<br />
Kylie Greig<br />
Sensory Neurobiology<br />
Group SBMS, QBI
• Kylie Greig<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
• ARC Linkage, NOAA, NSF, BBSRC,<br />
NERC, WID<br />
• Harbour Branch, RRS Discovery,<br />
Challenger, DeepOcean Quest<br />
• Ted Pietch, John Paxton, Pete Herring,<br />
Nigel Merrett<br />
• Edie Widder – some photographs
Deep Australia Project
Talk Plan<br />
• The Fish<br />
• Methods – gentle capture, CCE or Subs<br />
• Lateral Line Sensory System<br />
• Anglerfish<br />
• Anoplogaster<br />
• Whalefish<br />
• Eels<br />
• Sensory Systems in the Deep Ocean
Talk Plan<br />
• The Fish<br />
• Methods – gentle capture, CCE or Subs<br />
• Lateral Line Sensory System<br />
• Anglerfish<br />
• Anoplogaster<br />
• Whalefish<br />
• Eels<br />
• Sensory Systems in the Deep Ocean
Himantalophus groenlandicus Ditropichthys storei<br />
Saccopharynx sp. Anoplogaster cornuta
Developing anglerfish comparison story<br />
Show movie
Talk Plan<br />
• The Fish<br />
• Methods – gentle capture, CCE or Subs<br />
• Lateral Line Sensory System<br />
• Anglerfish<br />
• Anoplogaster<br />
• Whalefish<br />
• Eels<br />
• Sensory Systems in the Deep Ocean
The Mother-Tucker
The Father-Tucker<br />
Net <strong>system</strong>s in Australia<br />
Later in the year.<br />
Closing cod-end critical
Deep-Australia
MV Alucia<br />
Deep-Australia
Talk Plan<br />
• The Fish<br />
• Methods – gentle capture, CCE or Subs<br />
• Lateral Line Sensory System<br />
• Anglerfish<br />
• Anoplogaster<br />
• Whalefish<br />
• Eels<br />
• Sensory Systems in the Deep Ocean
Fluid-filled canals and single or<br />
groups of receptors over skin<br />
Fluid-filled canals<br />
lie just below the<br />
skin of the head<br />
and along the<br />
lateral flanks
Types of neuromasts<br />
• Modifications of 2 basic types (free and canal<br />
neuromasts)<br />
Ampullae of Lorenzini (modified neuromast)<br />
found in elasmobranchs and some bony fishes
Neuromasts and hair cells
Neuromasts and hair cells<br />
• Neuromasts are<br />
comprised of<br />
sensory hair cells<br />
• The hair cells have<br />
intermingled groups<br />
of opposing<br />
polarities (~ hair cells<br />
in the ear)<br />
• Towards kinocilium<br />
(excitation), towards<br />
stereocilia<br />
(inhibition)<br />
• Transduction of<br />
mechanical energy to<br />
electrical energy
Hair cells in action
Lateral line hair cell orientation<br />
gives directional sensitivity
Lateral line hair cell orientation<br />
gives directional sensitivity
Lateral line hair cell orientation<br />
gives directional sensitivity
Talk Plan<br />
• The Fish<br />
• Methods – gentle capture, CCE or Subs<br />
• Lateral Line Sensory System<br />
• Anglerfish<br />
• Anoplogaster<br />
• Whalefish<br />
• Eels<br />
• Sensory Systems in the Deep Ocean
Himantalophus groenlandicus
Himantalophus groenlandicus
Himantalophus groenlandicus
Himantalophus groenlandicus female<br />
Morphometrics of neuromasts of Himantalophus groenlandicus female.<br />
Himantalophus<br />
groenlandicus female<br />
Shape of neuromasts<br />
including supporting cells<br />
Canal<br />
Neuromast<br />
s<br />
Nil Diamond<br />
Superficial Neuromasts<br />
Shape of sensory plate Nil Oval with long axis perpendicular to<br />
neuromasts shape<br />
Sensory plate diameter,<br />
µm<br />
Major axis<br />
Minor axis<br />
Number of hair cells per<br />
neuromasts<br />
Number of hairs per hair<br />
cell<br />
Nil 23µm<br />
(range = 15.6µm-29.8µm) N=10<br />
15.5µm<br />
(range = 10µm-19.5µm) N=10<br />
Nil 85 (range = 44-116) N=14<br />
Nil 30 (range 20-37) N=20<br />
Length of Kinocilium* Nil 6.7µm (range = 3.0µm-16.7µm) N=20<br />
Length of Stereocilia* Nil 11.9µm (range = 0.5µm- 7.3µm) N=24<br />
Direction of sensitivity Nil Perpendicular to the long axis of the<br />
neuromast, therefore along the lateral<br />
line.
Distribution of superficial neuromasts along lateral lines in Himantalophus groenlandicus female.<br />
Lateral Line locations<br />
Number of superficial neuromasts per side<br />
Specimen 1<br />
Standard Length 44cm –adolescent female<br />
Supraorbital (face) 39<br />
Infraorbital (cheek) 32<br />
Supratemporal (top head) 25<br />
Preopercular (operculum) 44<br />
Mandibular (lower jaw) 47<br />
Trunk (body) 31<br />
Line b/n infraorbital & mandibular 13<br />
Total 223
Anoplogaster cornuta
Buccal array - undescribed<br />
Good for prey detection?<br />
Different organ morphologies?
Sensitivity directions<br />
Different organ morphologies?
Sensitivity directions<br />
Different organ morphologies?
Ditropichthys storei
Ditropichthys storei
John Paxton
Saccopharynx sp.
Saccopharynx sp.<br />
Free standing organs<br />
NOT electrosensory<br />
Cupula
Cupula
Free standing head<br />
papillae<br />
?
Saccopharynx sp.<br />
Morphometrics of Saccopharynx sp. Neuromasts<br />
Saccopharynx sp.<br />
Shape of neuromasts<br />
including supporting cells<br />
Canal<br />
Neuromast<br />
s<br />
Nil Oval<br />
Superficial Neuromasts<br />
Shape of sensory plate nil Narrow oval perpendicular to<br />
neuromasts shape<br />
Sensory plate diameter,<br />
µm<br />
Major axis<br />
Minor axis<br />
Number of hair cells per<br />
neuromasts<br />
Number of hairs per hair<br />
cell<br />
Nil 117µm<br />
(range = 218µm-52µm) N=12<br />
22.5µm<br />
(range = 42µm-16µm) N=11<br />
Nil 150-200 N=2<br />
Nil 25-40 N=20<br />
Length of Kinocilium* Nil 4.5µm (range = 8.0µm-2.2µm) N=11<br />
Length of Stereocilia* Nil 1.0µm (range = 2.1µm- 0.3µm) N=47<br />
Direction of sensitivity Nil Across the oval sensory plate and<br />
therefore along the lateral line.
Distribution of superficial neuromasts along lateral lines in Saccopharynx sp.<br />
Lateral Line locations<br />
Number of superficial neuromasts per side<br />
Specimen 1 Specimen 2<br />
Standard Length 18cm 45cm<br />
Supraorpital (face) 17 12<br />
Infraorbital (cheek) 7 12<br />
Supratemporal (top head) 7 12<br />
Preopercular (operculum) 13 15<br />
Mandibular (lower jaw) ? damaged 0<br />
Trunk (body) 151 153<br />
Total 213+ 204<br />
Note that the neuromasts numbers are similar independent of animal size.<br />
We would like more eels
Eurypharynx pelicanoides
Eurypharynx pelicanoides
Talk Plan<br />
• The Fish<br />
• Methods – gentle capture, CCE or Subs<br />
• Lateral Line Sensory System<br />
• Anglerfish<br />
• Anoplogaster<br />
• Whalefish<br />
• Eels<br />
• Sensory Systems in the Deep Ocean
Conclusions<br />
• Through gentle capture and rapid EM<br />
fixation on board ship, ultrastructure.<br />
• 2 species with enlarged canal <strong>system</strong>s and free<br />
standing papillae<br />
• 2 species with just free standing organs and no<br />
canals<br />
• The directions of sensitivity and comparative<br />
morphology of these organs enables some<br />
comfortable conclusions regarding function.<br />
• Need behaviour! This is no longer a dream….
Thanks for listening!
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