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T H E F E S T I V U S 

A publication of the San Diego Shell Club 

Volume XXXIX September 9, 2007 Supplement 

The Recent Molluscan Fauna of Île Clipperton 

(Tropical Eastern Pacific) 

Kirstie L. Kaiser 

ISSN 0738-9388

Vol. XXXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page i 

THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF ÎLE CLIPPERTON 

(TROPICAL EASTERN PACIFIC) 

KIRSTIE L. KAISER 

Research Associate, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History 

2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA 

Email: kirstie.kaiser@gmail.com 

September 9, 2007 

ISSN 0738-9388

Front Cover: Sunrise at Clipperton. Looking East-SE across the lagoon to Clipperton Rock. Photograph taken by Camille 

Fresser on 14 January 2005 at 7:49 a.m. 

Front (inside) Cover: Bathymetric chart of Île Clipperton. Copyright: Septième Continent – Jean-Louis Etienne, Expédition 

Clipperton. Graphics: Camille Fresser, Septième Continent.

Vol. XXXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page iii 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................... iii 

ABSTRACT ................................................................. 1 

INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 1 

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ..................................................... 3 

MALACOLOGICAL HISTORY OF CLIPPERTON....................................... 6 

MATERIALS AND METHODS................................................... 10 

ABBREVIATIONS...................................................... 11 

DISCUSSION............................................................... 11 

CONCLUSION.............................................................. 13 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................... 13 

LITERATURE CITED ......................................................... 15 

APPENDIX 1: AN ANNOTATED TAXONOMIC COMPILATION OF THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN 

FAUNA OF ÎLE CLIPPERTON ............................................. 23 

APPENDIX 2: AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF REJECTED SPECIES PREVIOUSLY 

RECORDED FROM ÎLE CLIPPERTON ....................................... 53 

APPENDIX 3: A DOCUMENTED ZOOGEOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF THE MOLLUSCAN 

FAUNA OF ÎLE CLIPPERTON ........................................................ 57 

APPENDIX 4: BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON 1994, 1998, 2005, 2007 CLIPPERTON 

EXPEDITIONS WITH MAP OF COLLECTING STATIONS ................................ 66 

BLACK AND WHITE PLATES (1-41) WITH FIGURE LEGENDS................................... 72 

COLOR PLATES (42-43) WITH FIGURE LEGENDS ............................................ 154 

INDEX TO TAXA......................................................................... 158

Vol. XXXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page 1 

THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF ÎLE CLIPPERTON 

(TROPICAL EASTERN PACIFIC) 

KIRSTIE L. KAISER 1 

Research Associate, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 

2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA 

E-mail: kirstie.kaiser@gmail.com 

Abstract: 

Scientific expeditions to Île Clipperton were undertaken in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007 to investigate community 

compositions both on and around this uninhabited coral atoll. These studies have allowed a reevaluation of the 

molluscan biodiversity of the most isolated oceanic island of the tropical eastern Pacific (TEP). Prior to this current 

work, the last complete study (Emerson, 1994) listed a total of 92 mollusk species at Clipperton. The known molluscan 

taxa are herein significantly increased 210%, for a total of 285 species. This is assuredly an underestimate, especially 

for species inhabiting deeper water which has yet to be adequately sampled. 

The majority of taxa are illustrated by photography and scanning electron microscopy. An inter-oceanic island 

biogeographic comparison and an annotated species list are included. 

Figure 1. Aerial view of Île Clipperton from the southeast, taken from a commercial tuna seiner helicopter, January 2005. 

Photo: C. Fresser. 

Introduction 

Île Clipperton (Figures 1,2) is considered one of the 

five groups of remote oceanic islands of the tropical 

eastern Pacific (TEP) which are of particular 

biogeographic interest. These islands pose questions 

relating to dispersal and endemism in comparison to the 

other island groups of the TEP and tropical west 

American mainland fauna. To better understand the 

Mailing address: Paseo de las Conchas Chinas #115, dept. 4, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, C.P. 48390. México. E-mail: kirstie.kaiser@gmail.com

Page 2 THE FESTIVUS Vol. XXXIX: Supplement 

Figure 2. The five tropical eastern Pacific oceanic island groups. Map by D.L. Geiger. 

nature of insular biota relative to immigration and 

distributions, Newman (1996) gave a historical review 

and insight into oceanic islands. 

The five tropical eastern Pacific oceanic groups are: 

Islas Revillagigedo, México (18/N); Île Clipperton, 

French possession (10/N); Isla del Coco, Costa Rica 

(5/N); Isla de Malpelo, Colombia (3/N), and Islas 

Galápagos, Ecuador (0/) (Figure 2). They are all 

separated from the mainland by abyssal depths. Malpelo 

is closest at 435 km and Clipperton farthest at 1,280 km. 

The molluscan fauna has been intensely studied in 

the Galápagos (Finet, 1994; Kaiser, 1993, 1997). Kaiser 

& Bryce (2001) published an extensive monograph on the 

mollusks of Isla de Malpelo. Two major papers have 

been published on the Islas Revillagigedo (Emerson, 

1995; Reyes-Bonilla, 1999). A number of notable 

expeditions have visited Isla del Coco in the 1980s and 

1990s, but only preliminary reports have appeared 

(Montoya, 1983; Shasky, 1983a, 1989a; Montoya & 

Kaiser, 1988; Chaney, 1992; Mulliner, 1993; Kaiser, 

1998; J. Hertz & Kaiser, 1998a,b; Kaiser, 2001; Kaiser 

& C. M. Hertz, 2001). 

A French possession, Clipperton is characterized 

by its extreme isolation, small size, and most 

importantly, low habitat diversity. These physical 

parameters have contributed to its greatly impoverished 

molluscan fauna in comparison to other TEP oceanic 

islands. First discovered in 1711 as “Isla de la Pasión” 

(Skinner & Schmieder, 1996), the only atoll of the 

tropical eastern Pacific, which is much nearer to the 

American mainland than to the nearest Pacific islands to 

the west, has long intrigued biogeographers. Collections 

of marine fauna including fishes (Allen, 1995, Robertson 

& Allen, 1996; crustaceans (Poupin et al., in press); 

corals (Glynn et al., 1996; Carricart-Ganivet & Reyes- 

Bonilla, 1999; Flot & Adjeroud, in press); echinoderms 

(Solis-Marin & Laguarda Figueras, in press) have 

revealed that both tropical eastern Pacific (Panamic 

Province) and substantial Indo-Pacific elements are 

represented. 

In that Clipperton is the easternmost atoll of the vast 

area known as the East Pacific Barrier and the 

westernmost island of the tropical eastern Pacific, the 

high percentage of Indo-Pacific fauna (33.5%) is due to 

two factors. Firstly, the atoll is unique in that it is 

situated in an overlap zone of the Pacific Ocean and,


therefore, is the first land mass to be intermittently 

exposed to the North Equatorial Countercurrent from 

the west which brings source elements including 

planktotrophic larvae across the Barrier. The nearest 

atoll Pukapuka, in the Tuamotu Archipelago, is 4,280 

km to the southwest and the closest island is Ua Huka of 

the Marquesas and is at a distance of 3,965 km. 

Secondly, low habitat diversity of the atoll, which is 

mainly prolific coral cover, makes suitable habitats for 

these planktonic links from the west. Those source 

elements from the east on the North Equatorial Current 

encounter a lack of the coarse intertidal and subtidal 

environments of the coastal diversity. Clipperton lacks 

the rocky shores, mud and sand bottoms, mangroves, and 

such food sources as marine algae and other plants that 

are necessary to establish a hold and maintain viable 

populations for many west American mainland (TEP) 

taxa. 

Physical Environment 

Île Clipperton located at the nexus of the Panamic 

Province (10/18'N and 109/13'W), is somewhat 

characteristic of Pacific atolls having volcanic 

foundations. Where the top of the highest peak of the 

submarine Clipperton Ridge, described by Menard & 

Fisher (1958), reaches the surface of the sea, an eggshaped 

coral reef supports a narrow, low, uninterrupted 

land strip of limestone debris with a single cavernous 

mass of altered trachyte rising to approximately 20 m 

(Clipperton rock) on the southeastern border. 

Clipperton is a “near atoll,” since a true atoll has no 

volcanic outcroppings. The small ring is 11.8 km in 

circumference, with only 1.7 square km of exposed land 

encircled by a healthy fringing coral reef (Figure 1). The 

lagoon, which makes up 85% of the atoll, is surrounded 

by a ribbon of land variable in width from 25 m to 320 

m (pers. comm., John Munch, 2007). Beyond the wavewashed 

outer ring of the atoll are reef-flats lined by 

coral-sand beaches or cobble strands. From there, white 

ridges of unconsolidated limestone fragments (coral bits) 

reach a maximum elevation of four meters from where 

the land mass slopes down and encloses the sizeable (7.2 

km square) central lagoon. 

The lagoon has sediment of fine organic debris and 

hordes of minute biting isopods (Cirolana sp.) Poupin, 

pers. comm, 2007). Clipperton has a landing strip built 

in 1944 on the northwest side of the widest part of the 

atoll. The strip consists of coral pieces that are stained 

dark gray or black by microscopic algae and is not 

recommended for use today. 

The following eight habitats are represented at 

Clipperton and environs: 

(1) large deposits of storm-generated coral, with one 

extensive volcanic outcropping, bordering an intolerably 

low salinity lagoon (Figure 3), 

Figure 3. Aerial view taken from the south of Clipperton Rock located 

on the edge of the lagoon, 2005. Photo: C. Fresser. 

(2) a shallow, often tidally exposed reef front with low 

coral cover and abundant crustose coralline algae (Figure 

4), 

Figure 4. Tidally exposed reef front on west side of Clipperton, 2005. 

Photo: C. Fresser.


(3) a windward spur and groove zone with low coral 

cover in 2 to 10 m depth consisting mainly of 

Pocillopora spp. (Figure 5), 

Figure 5. Aerial view of spur and groove formations on the west side 

of island, 2005. Photo: C. Fresser. 

(4) a gently sloping 20 meter terrace of reef building 

corals, mainly Porites lobata (Figure 6), 

Figure 6. Porites lobata on the 20 m terrace, 1998. 

Photo: D.R. Robertson. 

(5) a coral-dominant zone, in pristine condition, 

beginning at or slightly below the wave base (15-20 m) 

and descending precipitously down to 40 to 55 m 

(Figure 7), 

Figure 7. Pristine coral-dominated zone descending from the 20 m 

terrace that encircles the atoll, 2007. Photo: J. Stringer. 

(6) a coralline sand and rubble slope starts at the end 

of the reef-building corals and goes to 60-70 m. It 

supports healthy colonies of black coral species (Figure 8), 

Figure 8. Antipatharia sp. on coralline sand and rubble slope, 60-70 

m, 2007. Photo: J. Bozanic. 

(7) below 70 m the silty sand and rubble slope 

continues to decline to a maximum observed depth of 100 

m with no black coral growth but with significant 

thermoclines (pers. comm., Jeff Bozanic, 2007), 

(8) in the north-northeast sector of Clipperton is a 60 

m terrace that is 1,200 m off shore (Glynn et al., 1996). 

Clipperton’s brackish-water lagoon, which reaches 

depths to 90 m (“le trou sans fond”, the bottomless hole)


was most likely closed off by severe storm alterations 

between 1839 and 1858 (Sachet, 1962b). According to 

Skaggs (1989), the southern entrance to the lagoon was 

closed before 1861. The greenish, murky lagoon is 

complete with dead coral reefs consisting of Pocillopora 

spp. and Porites spp. several meters in thickness 

indicating active reef growth in the recent past. 

At least three species of marine fishes and several 

plant species are thriving in the surface lagoon waters as 

of 2007. Beginning at 12 to 15 m the water quality 

changes from a plankton rich environment to water 

containing high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. 

Below the density interface (18-34 m) can be found a 

layer of gelatinous organic material which is quick to 

make the visibility go to zero if disturbed (Figure 9). 

The low salinity of the present day lagoon is a result 

Figure 9. Jeff Bozanic, at 34 m, reaching into gelatinous layer of the 

Clipperton lagoon, 2007. Photo: J. Bozanic. 

of its isolation from the sea; only large storm waves 

wash into it, and there is dilution due to high rainfall 

during the summer and fall seasons. This stagnant body 

of water supports the common gallinule, the only nonseabird 

that breeds on Clipperton, and the abundant 

aquatic plants along some areas of the shore which help 

maintain the large land crab population (Figure 10). 

Figure 10. Clipperton’s large population of land crabs feeding on the 

lagoon plant life, 2005. Photo: S. Hourdez. 

Clipperton has a seasonably humid tropical climate. 

Very few data had ever been collected until the Jean- 

Louis Etienne Expedition in 2004-2005. 

Rainfall is very high during the month of October 

and continues until December. Severe thunderstorms 

were noted in March, April (pers. obs., Kaiser, 2007), 

and May (Figure 11). Storms and occasional hurricanes 

come from the north and are known to devastate the 

island. 

Figure 11. Lightning striking over Clipperton Rock, April 2007. 

Photo: H. Donenfeld.


Though once completely barren, Clipperton now has 

large groves and isolated individual coco palms, 

presumably descendants of trees that were planted in the 

early 1900s by a Mexican garrison (Figure 12). 

Figure 12. Aerial view of largest coco palm stand on Clipperton 

showing 2005 French Expedition camp site. Photo: C. Fresser. 

Malacological History of Clipperton 

Discovered in 1527 by the Spanish captain Saavedra 

Cerén, Clipperton has been claimed at one time or 

another by the United States, France, México (González 

Avelar, 1992) and England. The island has been called 

L’île de Passion and several other names by mapmakers. 

The origin of Clipperton’s current name dates to 1705 

when an English pirate, John Clipperton, went ashore. 

During the past century, the isolated, uninhabited 

coral atoll of Clipperton has been visited by several 

prominent expeditions. Here I mention those studies 

relating to the molluscan fauna, either in museum 

collections, published or in preparation. 

Sachet (1962c) indicated that the first mollusks 

reported from Clipperton were mentioned by John T. 

Arundel in 1897 in a San Francisco newspaper article. 

They were described as pearl oyster shells without 

specific names but most likely they were Pinctada 

mazatlanica (Hanley, 1856), which occurs at Clipperton 

(Plate 2, figures 6a,b). Sachet (1962b) also mentioned 

that a “group of shells” in the USNM were received in 

1897 from a Mr. Arnheim, a ship chandler who obtained 

them from sailors. 

Possibly the first mollusks collected for scientific 

study were gathered by Washington Henry Ochsner, a 

member of the shore party on 10 August 1905 from the 

schooner Academy on a voyage of the California 

Academy of Sciences (CAS) to the Islas Galápagos 

(Slevin, 1931). In the few hours on Clipperton, eleven 

species were taken by Ochsner. Hertlein (1937) reported 

on them and figured six species. 

Dall (1910) mentioned three species of Conus from 

Clipperton. The specimens are located in the Recent 

mollusk collection of the National Museum of Natural 

History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM) and are from 

the 1897 Arnheim Collection and the CAS voyage of 

1905 (pers. comm., P. Greenhall, 2006). 

Bartsch and Rehder (1939) reported on 12 species 

occurring at Clipperton. Five were described as new and 

had been collected on and among the rocks by W. L. 

Schmitt (USNM) in May 1938 while on the “Presidential 

Cruise” aboard the U.S.S. Houston. 

The U.S. Navy Electronics Laboratory “Shuttle 

Expedition” in May 1952 did only incidental scientific 

research, but it produced the first deep-water specimens 

from Clipperton. Hertlein and Emerson (1953) 

documented 31 previously recorded species, and added 

five records to the malacofauna including one new 

species. The new records were collected from the 

Expedition’s two dredge hauls from 183-367 m off 

Clipperton’s east slope. 

During the early 1950s, at the beginning of his 

career, William K. Emerson, now emeritus of the 

American Museum of Natural History in New York, 

took a special interest in the zoogeographic study of 

mollusks having Indo-Pacific faunal affinities and their 

migration to the tropical eastern Pacific. His first paper 

on the subject was co-authored with Hertlein when they 

were both working in the San Francisco Bay area 

(Hertlein & Emerson, 1953). Throughout Emerson’s 

distinguished career in malacology he continued to 

pursue answers to the questions of what, why and how 

mollusks came from the west across the great Pacific 

Ocean (Emerson, 1967, 1968, 1978, 1982, 1989, 1991, 

1993; Zinsmeister & Emerson, 1979). 

According to Hertlein and Emerson (1957), on 12 

December 1954 three members of the Scripps Institution 

of Oceanography (SIO) “Acapulco Trench Expedition” 

landed on the atoll from the research vessel Spencer F. 

Baird. In only a few hours they managed to collect 14 

species of mollusks, including two new records, from 

beach drift and the intertidal zone. They reported no 

living marine invertebrates in the lagoon. 

During the second and third International 

Geophysical Years, Scripps Institution of Oceanography 

carried out a number of research cruises. The first 

expedition landed and stayed 20-26 October 1956 

followed by another eight-week expedition in August - 

September 1958. American scientists participating in the


1958 “Doldrums Expedition” aboard the research vessel 

Spencer F. Baird, focused mainly on sea and weather 

conditions. A number of biologists were left for two and 

a half weeks (7-26 August 1958) to study the flora and 

bird fauna of Clipperton. The year 1958 was a new era 

for scientific collecting because SCUBA was used for 

the first time at Clipperton. The maximum depth was 40 

m and diving at all depths was seriously restricted by the 

necessity to use a shark cage for protection from the 

prolific shark population (Figure 13). Emerson (1993) 

recounted a harrowing tale from Carl L. Hubbs (SIO) 

(in litt. to Charles M. Breder, 14 March 1957) as 

follows: “The outer margin [of Clipperton] is so 

excessively full of sharks, the collectors are not very 

anxious to work there. The sharks were so numerous 

that they actually bit the oars of boats being rowed along 

the shore, and paid very little attention to shark 

repellent. In fact one of them came in and swallowed the 

bag of repellent that was used in a vain effort to get in 

collecting at a certain spot.” 

Figure 13. Silky shark off Clipperton, 1994. Photo: J. Black. 

Allison (1959), one of the “Doldrums Expedition” 

scientists, reported on the occurrence and habitat of five 

species of Conus found at the Island. Following that, 

Hertlein and Allison (1960a) listed 12 species of 

Cypraea that were primarily collected on the 1956 and 

1958 Expeditions. A third contribution in the series by 

Hertlein and Allison (1960b) listed 34 species and 

included all other mollusk family representatives 

collected on the two Expeditions. 

A remarkable scientist on the “Doldrums 

Expedition” was Marie-Hélèn Sachet, a French botanist. 

Sachet was charged with making a comprehensive 

survey of life on the atoll and made significant 

contributions in studying the geology and the marine and 

terrestrial flora and fauna of Clipperton, including the 

most comprehensive list of mollusk species for that time 

(Sachet, 1960, 1962a-c, 1963). During the 19-day stay 

on the island, 58 pigs, which had been introduced at the 

end of the 19 th century, were eradicated. Their thought 

was to give the marine bird populations (Figure 14), 

land crabs (Gecarcinus planatus) (Figure 15), and other 

fauna a better chance of survival. 

Figure 14. Masked boobie pair with chick (Sula dactylatra) and 

persistent land crab, 2005. Photo: C. Fresser. 

Figure 15. Bright orange Gecarcinus planatus Stimpson, 1860, 

moving boobie egg to its lair, 2005. Photo: J.-M. Bompar. 

Eight years after its first visit, SIO’s R/V Spencer F. 

Baird, during the “Carrousel Expedition” of 1964, 

brought up mollusks during dredging operations around 

Clipperton. Hertlein & Allison (1966) reported on 35 

species from the 92-meter dredge hauls, along with all 

other mollusks recognized in Clipperton collections that 

had not been previously inventoried. Unfortunately, the 

present repositories of the specimens are unknown. 

Still examining unidentified material collected on


the 1958 Expedition, Hertlein and Allison (1968) 

described six new species, of which five are here 

considered valid. They also reviewed three previously 

described mollusks and discussed one unnamed species 

of the genus Omalogyra (Plate 36, figures 7a-c), which 

occurs at all of the TEP oceanic islands and remains 

without a specific name to this day. 

Beginning in 1966 and reaching completion in 

1968, the French Centre de Recherches du Service de 

Santé des Armées (Research Center of the Health 

Service of the Armies) pursued the natural history of 

Clipperton on four “Mission Bougainville” Expeditions. 

From those Expeditions, Salvat and Ehrhardt (1970) 

listed 89 species of mollusks, noting their biogeographic 

affinities and commenting on ten of those more 

extensively. Salvat & Salvat (1972) brought the number 

to 90 by adding the bivalve Pinna rugosa Sowerby, 

1835 (Plate 3, figure 6) to the list. 

In order to answer a number of urgent questions for 

the French government about developmental schemes 

for Clipperton, several preliminary expeditions were 

sent to Clipperton between 1975 and 1980. Jacques 

Cousteau, chief scientist Pierre-Marie Niaussat, plus 23 

others aboard Calypso, lived on and studied the island 

for six weeks in 1980. The scientific team focused 

mainly on the brackish-water lagoon (diving to 40 m) 

and to a lesser degree, on the bird and the ubiquitous 

land crab populations which had flourished after the 

feral pigs had been exterminated in 1958. Several beach 

worn mollusks were collected by Spencer Luke (SIO), 

one of the Expedition scientists and remain in the 

Scripps Institution of Oceanography Collections. Other 

than sport and commercial fishermen (Figure 16) 

landing on Clipperton and some reporting their beach 

finds (Perrin, 1977; Schneider, 2004), Clipperton had 

a lull in visitors, especially from the scientific 

community, for the next 17 years. 

In 1992, under the auspices of the Santa Barbara 

Museum of Natural History, I initiated a scientific 

expedition co-organized with John D. Jackson 

(Appendix 4). We specifically designed the trip to 

explore the submarine environs of Clipperton with 

SCUBA, limited dredging and tangle net deployments. 

In April 1994, 22 members of the “Clipperton 1994 

Expedition” departed San Diego, California. Five 

members of the 22 participants logged over 160 hours 

of diving for mollusks (Chaney, 1994; Appendix 4, 

figure 26). The research team examined virtually all 

parts of the island while living and diving from the M/V 

Royal Star. With renewed interest, and prior to the 1994 

Clipperton Expedition, Emerson (1994) researched the 

Figure 16. Mexican commercial tuna seiner off Clipperton’s west side 

during inclement weather, 2005. Photo: C. Fresser. 

museum collections and literature in order to compile 

the most comprehensive zoogeographic summary of 

Clipperton mollusks to that date. The inventory included 

92 species composed of 70 gastropods and 22 bivalves. 

Following the “Clipperton 1994 Expedition,” Small 

(1994, 1995) and Beals (1995), participants of the 

mollusk team, did initial reports of our findings. 

Three years later, aboard the R/V El Puma, the 

“SURPACLIP-I” cruise organized by the Universidad 

Nacional Autónoma de México made a short visit to the 

island from 23 to 25 November 1997 as part of their 

oceanographic expedition. Researchers Carricart- 

Ganivet and Reyes-Bonilla (1999) presented a complete 

study of the scleractinian corals, but the few mollusks 

collected on Clipperton were unfortunately lost in the 

mail en route from the Natural History Museum of Los 

Angeles County (pers. comm., H. Reyes-Bonilla, 2007). 

In 1998, Dr. D. Ross Robertson from the 

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá 

(STRI), a participant in the 1994 Expedition, organized 

the “STRI Clipperton Expedition” taking the Institute’s 

research vessel, the R/V Urracá to Clipperton. 

Departing from Acapulco, México (Appendix 4), while 

living aboard the R/V Urracá from 17 April to 10 May, 

I was one of eight scientists. We collected, using 

SCUBA and otter trawl, and carried out field 

observations mostly concentrating on the fish fauna. 

The French “Expédition Clipperton” organized by 

Jean-Louis Etienne, was by far the most serious effort to 

assess the molluscan fauna of Clipperton. The object-


tive of this land-based Expedition from December 2004 

to April 2005 was to explore and observe the land and 

marine flora and fauna and to study the lagoon and 

environment of the island (Charpy, L., [editor], in prep. 

Clipperton: environnement et biodiversité d’un 

microcosme océanique). 

The participants and provisions were shuttled 1,230 

km to and from Acapulco, México to Clipperton by the 

motor schooner Rara Avis on a revolving schedule every 

three weeks (Appendix 4). Land-based accommodations 

were set up, and during the rotations, scientists lived 

and worked on and from land. The Island was 

temporarily transformed into a biological laboratory and 

Figure 17. Author working up material in temporary wet lab, 2005. 

Photo: S. Hourdez. 

offered excellent working facilities (Figures 17, 18). 

I participated in the 13 January through 1 February 

2005 rotation researching and collecting marine and 

terrestrial mollusks with participants from the Muséum 

national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, and other French 

institutions. We were diving to depths of 55 m, utilizing 

airlift pumps which generated an unprecedented volume 

of material. Techniques including limited algal shakings 

and coral brushings supplemented the samples which 

were described by Bouchet et al. (2002) from their work 

in New Caledonia. The three lagoon dives and some 

intertidal collecting added additional mollusk records, 

over 33 in all. 

Two years later Alicia Hermosillo (opisthobranchs), 

Pedro Medina Rosas (corals) and I were part of the 

“Expedition Île Clipperton 2007" aboard the M/V 

Nautilus Explorer (Appendix 4), which included three 

extra diving days at the Islas Revillagigedo. Six days 

from 14 to 20 April 2007 were spent at Clipperton. 

Very little intertidal work was done because of high 

Figure 18. Port Jaouen (diving operations) in front of landing site, 

2005. Photo: S. Hourdez. 

Figure 19. Pedro Medina Rosas, Alicia Hermosillo and the author on 

stern of the M/V Nautilus Explorer, 2007. Photo: R. Chávez Arce. 

breakers from the inclement weather which made landing 

both times on the island very hazardous. Among the 

three of us, a total of 18 dives with SCUBA were made 

in search of new mollusk records (Figure 19). 

A concerted effort was given to the opisthobranch 

fauna of the island which added four new records to the 

faunal list. For the first time at Clipperton, divers used


rebreathers for collecting from 46-91 m (150-300 ft) off 

the fringing reef where a number of new records were 

discovered. I was not able to process the micro-material 

collected within a timely manner for inclusion in this 

manuscript, although most of the larger species records 

for 2007 are noted in Appendix 1. The complete 

opisthobranch data gathered by Alicia Hermosillo and 

others are included herein. An addendum is planned for 

the remainder of the mollusks in the near future. 

Materials and Methods 

In the course of the four expeditions, more than 133 

stations were sampled on and around Clipperton between 

the high tide mark and 113 m depth. The most prolific 

amount of material was collected by using SCUBA (2 to 

91 m). Other methods included four productive dredge 

hauls from 109 to 113 m (1994 and 1998) and two 

successful deployments of tangle nets, one at 49 m 

(1994) and one at 63 m (1998). There was one 

productive benthic grab at 92 m (Figure 20) and many 

hours of intertidal sampling by hand around all sections 

of the island. A total of seven dives between 10 m and 38 

m were done in the lagoon during the 2005 and the 2007 

expeditions (Appendix 4, figure 26). 

Collecting methods used while diving included: hand 

picking with the naked eye; brushing and shaking dead 

coral and rubble into a canvas bag (Figure 21); 

Figure 21. The author using the canvas-bag method for collecting 

micro-mollusks. Photo: J. Bozanic. 

breaking hard corals for boring organisms (usually done 

inadvertently by the anchor chain) and suction sampling. 

The suction method was used exclusively in 2005, and 

the technique involved a two-meter long aspirator 

powered by a generator. The attached lift bag was then 

deployed to bring the samples to the surface. Special 

Figure 20. Pedro Medina Rosas and the author using the benthic grab 

successfully for the first time at Clipperton, 2007. Photo: R. Chávez 

Arce. 

attention was given to associations between mollusks 

and various invertebrates, particularly echinoderms and 

scleractinid and anthozoid corals. In all, approximately 

350 man hours were spent searching for mollusks while 

on the four expeditions (Figure 26). Many hundreds 

more hours were spent in the laboratory sorting, 

cataloging and imaging the specimens. 

Field samples were processed fresh by sieving in 

seawater and fractioning to size classes down to 0.5 

mm. Fractions over 5 mm were sorted and placed in 

95% EtOH and later individually sorted, cataloged and 

preserved in 95% alcohol or dried with animal if live 

collected. The smallest samples (under 0.5 mm) were 

washed in fresh water and dried for later sorting with a 

dissecting microscope and then cataloged. 

The opisthobranchs (excluding the holoplanktonic 

families) were either photographed in situ or “tub shots” 

were taken later. Most of the larger voucher specimens 

were photographed at the SBMNH with a Nikon D1X 

digital camera while the smaller specimens (


Abbreviations 

AHF, Allan Hancock Foundation, [now at LACM], Los 

Angeles, California 

AIMS, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 

Queensland 

AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York, 

New York 

BMNH, The Natural History Museum, London 

BPBM, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii 

CAS, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, 

California: [CAS-MPTC; CAS-PTC; CAS (DGTC); CAS 

(MHNP); CAS (GTC), acronyms from the older literature, 

no longer in use (pers. comm. R. Van Syoc, 2007)] 

CASIZ, California Academy of Sciences Invertebrate Zoology 

CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 

CSU, California State University, Fullerton 

Det. identity determined 

EtOH, ethyl alcohol 

H 2O, water 

In prep., in preparation 

JLE, Jean-Louis Etienne Expédition Clipperton, 2004-2005 

KLK Coll., Kirstie L. Kaiser Collection 

L, left valve 

LACM, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 

California 

Leg., collector 

M.A., Museum Associate 

MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 

Cambridge, Massachusetts 

MNHN, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France 

M/S, Motor Schooner 

M/V, Motor Vessel 

NSF MRI, National Science Foundation Magnetic Resonance 

Imaging 

POV, point of view [a cinema term] 

R, right valve 

RSMAS, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, 

University of Miami, Florida 

RU, Rice University, Houston, Texas 

R/V, Research Vessel 

SBMNH, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 

California 

SCUBA, Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus 

SDNHM, San Diego Natural History Museum, California 

SEM, Scanning Electron Microscope (Microscopy) 

SI, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 

SIO [SIO-BI], Scripps Institution of Oceanography, [Benthic 

Invertebrates], La Jolla, California 

SMNH, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm 

STRI, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá 

S/V, Sailing Vessel 

TEP, Tropical Eastern Pacific 

UCMP [UCMP-ITC (Invertebrate Type Collection)], Museum 

of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, 

California 

UCSB, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 

U de G [CUC], Universidad de Guadalajara [Centro 

Universitario de la Costa] 

U of H, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 

U of M, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 

U of T, University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port 

Aransas, Texas 

UNAM, Universidad Nacional Atónoma de México, México, 

D.F. 

USNM, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian, 

Washington, D.C. 

WAM, Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia 

Discussion 

Appendix 1 is a detailed inventory of the molluscan 

species found at Clipperton including the last four 

expeditions. The species were identified based on 

specimens in the Kirstie L. Kaiser reference collection 

and many museum collections, especially the Santa 

Barbara Museum of Natural History. Select specimens 

were sent out to specialists as indicated in the 

acknowledgments. Many specimens could not be 

identified with certainty to species-level. 

The micromollusks (< 5 mm) were the most difficult 

group as most families are poorly known with the last 

revisions dating to the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. 

Juvenile specimens were also difficult to identify; in 

several instances, the species-specific characters only 

develop later in their ontogeny. The species are identified 

here to the most accurate taxonomic level possible. 

The Scissurellidae are illustrative of the problems of 

identification. A single species, Sinezona rimuloides 

Carpenter, 1865, had been known to occur at Clipperton 

since 1994 (Kaiser, unpublished data). It was identified 

as the only known species in the family from this region 

until Geiger (pers. comm., 2006) recognized two 

additional species; one he described as Scissurella 

kaiserae Geiger, 2006, and the other one is in the 

process of being described (Geiger, unpublished data). 

The Scissurellidae sp. 1 record in Appendix 1 is based on 

two broken specimens from the University of California, 

Berkeley Collection. The positive identification of the 

specimen is under study using scanning electron 

microscopy. 

A second taxonomic problem arose with Chama 

rubropicta Bartsch & Rehder, 1939. It had been 

synonymized under C. buddiana C. B. Adams, 1852, by 

Keen (1971). Bernard (1976) identified two Chama 

species at Clipperton: Chama squamuligera Pilsbry & 

Lowe, 1932, and Chama buddiana (= C. rubropicta). 

Of the two species of Chama that are found at


Clipperton, the species with red to orange coloration is 

distinct from both C. squamuligera and C. buddiana 

from the Golfo de California and the continental coast of 

west America. I consider these specimens from 

Clipperton to be Chama rubropicta and it is here 

reinstated as a valid species. 

The bivalve fauna is dominated by species that attach 

to hard substrata or are boring therein. There is a 

notable lack of infaunal bivalves which constitute the 

majority of species in most marine environments. The 

total of 36 bivalve species found at Clipperton are 

reflective of the particular substrata encountered. The 

two infaunal species in Lucinidae were recovered from 

the lagoon as empty shells; they are remains of species 

that thrived at a time when the lagoon was open to the 

ocean and fully marine as opposed to the brackish 

condition encountered today. Records of Rochefortina 

sandwichensis (Smith, 1885) and Streptopinna saccata 

(Linnaeus, 1758), in conjunction with Codakia punctata 

(Linnaeus, 1758) show a biogeographic connection with 

the Indo-Pacific islands. The majority of the 28 

identified bivalve species are from the Panamic 

Province. 

The seven identified species of Vetigastropoda show 

mostly Panamic affinity with the exception of Diodora 

granifera (Pease, 1861) chiefly known from Hawaii. 

The most diverse group within Vetigastropoda is 

Trochoidea with approximately 3,000 species worldwide 

(Geiger & Thacker, unpublished data) though only five 

species have been recorded from Clipperton. Compared 

to the four species of Fissurellidae (606 worldwide: 

Geiger et al., in press) and four nominal taxa in 

Scissurellidae (170 worldwide: Geiger et al., in press) 

the low diversity of Trochoidea is remarkable. There 

seems to be an inverse proportional relationship between 

diversity and body size. The overall body-size sequence 

is from the smallest Scissurellidae to the intermediatesized 

Fissurellidae to the rather large Trochoidea. 

Among Trochoidea the species found at Clipperton are 

rather small in size for the group. 

Only two species of Neritoidea have been collected at 

Clipperton (Neritidae, Plate 12, figures 1a-b; 

Phenacolepadidae, Plate 12, figures 2a-c). Species in 

this group occur mostly in the high intertidal and 

dysaerobic environments. The intertidal of Clipperton is 

essentially non-existent, with strong wave action 

hampering the colonization of the substratum by 

epifaunal species. This explains the low number of 

species in this low-diversity group. 

The Caenogastropoda, to the exclusion of 

Neogastropoda, comprise 114 species. Four intertidal 

Figure 21. Two Melanella dufresnei parasitizing a sea cucumber. 

This species of holothurian is the most common at Clipperton, 1994. 

Photo: R.B. Herrmann. 

species in Littorinidae have been encountered, half from 

the Indo-Pacific fauna, half from the Panamic fauna. A 

rich assembly of microshells were collected 

predominantly on the underside of rocks, and as empty 

shells. Species in the Epitoniidae (Plate 18) and 

Eulimidae (Plates 19, 20) are parasites on sea anemones 

and echinoderms, respectively (Plate 43, figure 6), 

(Figure 21). In most, the host-parasite relationship has 

not been documented, which makes identification more 

difficult. The species diversity of Eulimidae is 

surprisingly high. Infaunal species are rare, with two of 

the four Naticidae (Plate 23) only tentatively assigned to 

that family. The diversity of Cypraeidae (Plates 24, 25) 

is high, most likely owing to their long dispersal 

capability as teleoplanktic, planktotrophic veliger larvae. 

Most Clipperton Cypraeidae seem not to have 

established populations because their records stem from 

empty shells. Of the 51 caenogastropod species 

identified to species level (excluding the holoplanktonic 

families), 29 are members of the Indo-Pacific 

malacofauna, 21 are Panamic and 1 western Atlantic. 

Species in the Janthinidae, Atlantidae, Carinariidae 

and Pterotrachaeidae among the Caenogastropoda and 

Pteropoda (Cavoliniidae and Limacinidae) among the 

Opisthobranchia, have a holoplanktonic life style. They 

all have broad geographic distributions, hence their 

records do not assist in determining the faunal affinity 

of Clipperton. 

The 61 Neogastropoda represent the predator guild 

of the marine fauna. The Muricidae (Plates 28, 29) is 

the second most diverse faunal element and contributes 

some of the largest-shelled species collected. 

Coralliophilinae (Plates 30, 31) are specialized 

consumers of live coral tissue, and are particularly


diverse at Clipperton. Infaunal neogastropods are rare 

at Clipperton such as the single deeper-water species of 

Nassariidae (Plate 33, figures 1a-b, 2). Of the 50 taxa 

identified to species level, 22 are from the Indo-Pacific 

faunal region, while the remaining 28 are known from 

the Panamic Province. 

The Heterostropha contain 20 taxa, of which six 

could be identified to species level; one of those belongs 

to the Indo-Pacific fauna, while the remaining five are 

Panamic. The diversity of Architectonicidae (Plate 37) 

seems high, while the Pyramidellidae (Plates 38, 39) 

show levels of diversity comparable to other TEP 

oceanic islands. 

The Opisthobranchia (sea slugs) are represented by 

35 species. Of the 13 taxa identified to species level 

(excluding the circumtropical holoplanktonic families), 

ten are circumtropical or from the Indo-Pacific region, 

while three belong to the Panamic fauna. The mostly 

infaunal Cephalaspidea (Aglajidae) is represented with 

a single species, Navanax aenigmaticus (Bergh, 1894), 

which atypically, for the order, is an epifaunal species 

on hard substrata. The herbivores (Plakobranchidae, 

Aplysiidae) as well as spongivores (Umbraculidae, 

Chromodorididae, Discodorididae, Dendrodorididae) 

and species feeding on anthozoans (Aeolidiidae, 

Tergipedidae) are represented at Île Clipperton. 

Only two pulmonate land snails (Plate 41, figures 3, 

4) have been recorded: Opeas oparanum (Pfeiffer, 

1846) and Succinea atollica Hertlein & Allison, 1968, 

the latter described from Île Clipperton. At present, 

neither species can be found on the island, although both 

species were common in 1958. I suggest that, perhaps, 

the land snail populations were negatively affected by the 

feral pigs and later, to the point of extinction, by the 

millions of land crabs. Although land snails were 

reportedly abundant in 1958 (Sachet, 1962c), no 

subsequent expeditions have encountered them, either 

living or as empty shells. 

A single small chiton species described from Isla del 

Coco, Costa Rica, as Ischnochition victoria Ferreira, 

1987, was occasionally encountered living on coralline 

algae at Clipperton (Plate 43, figures 7, 8). 

The Cephalopoda are particularly problematic. 

Octopus spp. and some Octopus spp. paralarvae were 

collected during the last four Expeditions. Museum 

holdings contain approximately three to six species, the 

identity of which can not be further ascertained because 

a critical review of the region’s cephalopod fauna is 

wanting (pers. comm., F. G. Hochberg, 2007). 

The taxa listed from Clipperton (Appendix 1) are 

predominantly small-bodied species. In some cases 

specimens collected at Clipperton are notably smaller 

compared to those collected at the other rocky TEP 

oceanic islands. For example, the muricid Tribulus 

planospira (Lamarck, 1822) usually grows to 60-70 

mm, but at Clipperton a maximum size recorded for a 

mature specimen is 41 mm. The turrid Clathurella 

rigida (Hinds, 1843) usually grows to 8 mm but only 

attains a size of 4.7 mm at Clipperton. But some of the 

larger-bodied species, such as Cypraecassis tenuis 

(Wood, 1828) and C. coarctata (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825) 

are of comparable size to specimens found on the other 

TEP islands. In a single case, a world-record size 

specimen (60.9 mm) of Mauritia scurra (Gmelin, 1791) 

was collected at Clipperton (Kaiser, 1999). However, 

Clipperton specimens are generally smaller than those 

from other populations. 

In an odd error, Dall & Ochsner (1928) noted a 

“strictly Indo-Pacific” fauna on México’s Isla Clarión of 

the Revillagigedo group, but this seems to have been a 

mistake for Clipperton, because the fauna of Clarión is 

mainly tropical eastern Pacific (Hertlein, 1937; Kaiser, 

pers. obs.). 

Conclusion 

The Clipperton molluscan fauna as presently known 

consists of 285 species, of which 182 are here reported 

for the first time. The majority of species forming new 

records are illustrated herein. In some cases, newly 

collected material of better specimens has permitted the 

identification of formally incertae sedis species and 

some previously misidentified. 

From the statistics derived in Appendices 1 and 3, 

the malacofauna of Île Clipperton, identified to species 

level, is: tropical eastern Pacific (Panamic) (37.7%); 

Indo-Pacific (33.5%); inter-island endemics (8.9%); 

circumtropical (16.2%); endemic (2.6%) and western 

Atlantic (1.0%). Species with long dispersal stages are 

more numerous, and the species composition strongly 

reflects the limited hard-substrate biomes available at Île 

Clipperton. 

Acknowledgments 

Many people assisted in the current project; they are 

listed alphabetically with their respective affiliation and 

contribution. I am very thankful to them all for their assistance 

and for their valuable time spent on the project. 

Laurent Albenga, MNHN, still images, collecting assistance 

(2005) 

John and Dianne Arguelles, Santa Barbara, California, logistical 

assistance while working at SBMNH


Terry Arnold, San Diego, California, Cypraeidae identifications, 

reference materials 

Jean-Michel Bompar, M.D., French translation and support on 

2005 Expédition Clipperton 

Jean-Marie Bouchard and scientific collecting team, MNHN, 

assistance on 2005 Expedition 

Jeffrey E. Bozanic, Island Caves Research Center, Huntington 

Beach, California, LACM, Museum Associate, specimen 

collecting assistance (2007) 

Pascale Chabert, Puerto Vallarta, México, French translation, 

reference materials assistance 

Henry W. Chaney, SBMNH, species identifications, reference 

materials, images, technical support, draft review 

Eugene V. Coan, CAS, bivalve species identifications, 

manuscript suggestions 

Harry L. Donenfeld, Makawao, Maui, Hawaii, still image and 

video (2007 Expedition) 

Ted Dunn, Frank Lo Preste (owners), Tim Ekstrom (captain) and 

crew of the M/V ROYAL STAR, San Diego, California (1994 

Expedition) 

Tim Ekstrom, San Diego, California, nautical information and 

assistance 

Jean-Louis Etienne and Elsa Pény-Etienne, Septième Continent, 

support both during and after the 2005 Expédition 

Clipperton 

Camille Fresser, Septième Continent, images of Clipperton 

(2004-2005), and for permission to use the images 

French Polynesian government for granting permission to do 

research at Île Clipperton 

Daniel L. Geiger, SBMNH, SEMs, Scissurellidae identification, 

manuscript preparation 

Terrence M. Gosliner, CAS, Opisthobranchia identifications 

Paul Greenhall, USNM, collections assistance 

Lindsey T. Groves, LACM, collections assistance 

Alicia Hermosillo, U de G (CUC), Opisthobranchia 

identifications, images, field collecting assistance 

Richard B. Herrmann, images of Clipperton (1994) 

F.G. (Eric) Hochberg, SBMNH, Cephalopoda 

Stéphane Hourdez, CNRS, Station de Roscoff, French translation 

and support on 2005 Expédition Clipperton 

Brent and Sally Kitson, Las Varas Canyon, Goleta, California, 

logistical assistance while working at SBMNH, photography 

Michael Lang, SI, Scientific Diving Officer (1998 Expedition) 

Captain Mike Lever and crew of the M/V NAUTILUS 

EXPLORER, Vancouver, Canada, “Expedition Île 

Clipperton 2007" 

Larry Lovell, SIO, collections assistance 

Philippe Maestrati, MNHN, collections assistance 

James H. McLean, LACM, species identifications, collections 

assistance 

Pedro Medina Rosas, U of G (CUC), field collecting and 

technical assistance 

George E. Metz, CAS, collections assistance 

David K. Mulliner, San Diego, California, organizing dredging 

materials, specimen imaging (1994 Expedition) 

Barbara W. Myers, San Diego, California, Favartia exigua 

identification 

Edna Naranjo García, UNAM, literature 

Suzanne Parlett, San Diego. California, Clipperton 1994 logo, 

cover design and graphic design support 

Mary Lynn Price, DiveFilm Podcast Video, images and video of 

the “Expedition Île Clipperton 2007" 

David Reid, BMNH, Littorinidae identification 

Captain Rigal and crew of the S/V RARA AVIS, Brest, France 

D. Ross Robertson, STRI, 1998 Expedition organizer, Chief 

Scientist (National Geographic Society Grant Number 5831- 

96 to D. R. Robertson), images of Clipperton 

Patricia Sadeghian, SBMNH, voucher specimen light 

photography, digital imaging, technical support 

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Department of 

Invertebrate Zoology for their excellent support while 

completing the monograph 

Roger Seapy, California State University, Fullerton, Atlantidae 

identifications 

Kirsten Sellheim, University of Arizona, cataloging Clipperton 

KLK Collection, some sorting of micromollusks 

Carol Skoglund, Phoenix, Arizona, species identification 

Michael Small, Ottawa, Canada, loan of Cymatium nicobaricum 

specimen 

Matthieu Taravella, Puerto Vallarta, México, French translation 

R/V URRACÁ, Captain Gall and crew of the STRI’s 1998 

Clipperton Expedition 

Paul Valentich-Scott, SBMNH, bivalve species identifications, 

imaging assistance, technical assistance 

Robert J. Van Syoc, CAS, collections assistance 

Anders Warén, SNMH, some Eulimidae identifications 

Conner Watts, Park City, Utah, technical assistance 

My special thanks to Jules and Carole M. Hertz, San 

Diego, California, for their encouragement, specimen 

identification, literature and proofreading. Also to John D. 

Jackson, El Cajon, California, who was invaluable as coorganizer 

for the Clipperton 1994 Expedition. 

Mercí to Philippe Bouchet, MNHN, who enabled my 

participation in the Jean-Louis Etienne 2004-2005 Expédition 

Clipperton which was made possible through a grant from the 

Total Foundation to Philippe Bouchet and for his help with 

permission for specimen collecting in 2007. 

Financial support for the printing and distribution of the 

manuscript was provided by the San Diego Shell Club, San 

Diego, California and the Smithsonian Tropical Research 

Institute, Panamá, a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution. 

Scanning electron microscopy was in part supported by NSF 

MRI 0420706 grant to Henry W. Chaney, Michel Caterino and 

Daniel L. Geiger. 

As author, I am responsible for any and all errors which may 

have inadvertently found their way into the manuscript.


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APPENDIX 1: AN ANNOTATED TAXONOMIC COMPILATION OF THE 

RECENT MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF ÎLE CLIPPERTON 

Appendix 1 represents a total of at least 285 generally accepted records, including: 36 Bivalvia, 248 Gastropoda 

(2 Pulmonata), 1 Polyplacophora, and an undetermined number of Cephalopoda. There are 42 species that are 

considered either spurious, doubtful or have been synonymized and are listed in Appendix 2 (rejected records). A 

review of the zoogeographic affinities of the taxa can be found in Appendix 3. 

The following checklist consists of three columns. The first contains both the plate and figure number(s) for each 

species illustrated. The second column is a comprehensive list of each taxon and author. The classification system has 

been followed as outlined in Keen (1971), and updated by Skoglund (2001, 2002), Ponder & Warén (1988), Vaught 

(1989), Meyer (2003), Abbott (1989) and Geiger & Thacker (unpublished data). The third column, Literature 

Sources/Remarks, has as its first entry the initial published record, often with type number or collection number entry 

for each species known to occur at Clipperton. Following in chronological order are Clipperton references that have 

been cited for each taxon. References in bold denote that the authors cited have examined/collected the material. 

References not in bold indicate that the cited records are from previous sources, either published or in collections. A 

plus sign (+) after a collections number indicates that there are too many lot numbers to list. Photographic image 

references and additional records with institution and private collection numbers are included. 

Under Remarks the years noted are from one or more of the four expeditions (1994, 1998, 2005, 2007) during 

which the species was collected. Condition when found is also noted: empty shell or live animal and if preserved in 

95% EtOH (wet collection). 

Plate/ First Authority 

Figure(s) List of Species Literature Sources/Remarks 

ARCIDAE 

--- Arca (Arca) mutabilis (Sowerby, 

1833) 

Pl. 1, 

figs.1a-c 

Pl. 1, 

figs.2a-b 

Pl. 1, 

figs.3a-b, 

4 

Acar gradata (Broderip & 

Sowerby, 1829) 

Barbatia (Cucullaearca) reeveana 

(d’Orbigny, 1846) 

BIVALVIA 

PTERIOMORPHA 

Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (left valve, beach deposit); Salvat & 

Ehrhardt, 1970; Bernard, 1983; Bernard et al., 1991; Emerson, 1994, 

1995. Remarks: This record was established from a single beachdeposit 

valve and one juvenile valve dredged in 1956-1958 by E. 

Allison. 

SBMNH 353524 (voucher), 358547; MNHN; KLK 201214-201218, 

201220-201221 (voucher), 210380-210381. Remarks: Collected in 

1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. One or more specimens found live. 

Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (single specimen, R&L valves, beach 

deposit); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Bernard, 1983; Bernard et al., 

1991; Emerson, 1994; KLK 210382 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as 

empty shells in 2005 and 2007. 

Barbatia sp. 1 As Acar cf. A. laysana Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938, in Hertlein & 

Allison (1966) (single live specimen in coral niche, 5 mm), Emerson 

(1978); as Barbatia hawaiensis Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938, in 

Bernard (1983); Bernard et al., 1991; Emerson, 1994; SBMNH (live) 

210438; LACM 58-7 (empty shell); MNHN; SIO M1496 (live);


Pl. 2, 

fig.1 

Pl. 2, 

fig.2 

PHILOBRYIDAE 

MYTILIDAE 

Pl. 2, 

figs.3a-d 

Pl. 2, 

figs.4a-b 

Pl. 2, 

fig.5 

PTERIIDAE 

Pl. 2, 

figs.6a-b 

Pl. 3, 

fig.1 

Barbatia sp. 1 (continued) KLK 201219, 201222-201229 (voucher), 201230-201232, 210383- 

210391 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. 

Several specimens were found live and preserved in KLK wet 

collection. Kay (1979) synonymized laysana. The single live-collected 

specimen of “laysana” Hertlein & Allison (1966) is believed to be 

Barbatia sp. 1 herein. See Appendix 2 for Acar laysana. This is by far 

the most common of the Clipperton arcids. 

Philobrya sp. 1 KLK 201233 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1998, this single valve 

is reddish in color and has a smaller hinge plate than P. setosa 

(Carpenter). 

Lithophaga (Diberus) plumula 

(Hanley, 1843) 

Lithophaga (Stumpiella) calyculata 

(Carpenter, 1857) 

Leiosolenus laevigata (Quoy & 

Gaimard, 1835) 

Septifer zeteki Hertlein & Strong, 

1946 

Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley, 

1856) 

ISOGNOMONIDAE 

Pl. 3, 

figs.2a-c 

Isognomon (Melina) janus 

Carpenter, 1857 

Isognomon (Melina) recognitus 

(Mabille, 1895) 

Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (live, common); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; 

Bernard, 1983; Bernard et al., 1991; Emerson, 1994; Coan et al., 

2000; KLK 201234-201235 (voucher, broken). Remarks: Collected in 

1998. One or more specimens were found live. 

Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (single well-preserved specimen, dredged, 

92 m); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Bernard, 1983; Bernard et al., 1991; 

Emerson, 1994, 1995; KLK 201242-201243 (voucher). Remarks: 

?Empty shells collected in 1998 in lithothamnion nodule, dredged, 62 

m. 

As Lithophaga hancocki Soot-Ryen, 1955, in Hertlein & Allison 

(1966) (live), identified with reservation (single valve) in Salvat & 

Ehrhardt (1970), Bernard (1983), Bernard et al. (1991), Emerson 

(1994); MNHN; KLK 201238-201240 (voucher), 201241, 210392- 

210393. Remarks: Collected in bore holes of Pavona and Porites spp. 

in 1994, 1995, 2005 and 2007. One or more specimens found living in 

coral and preserved in KLK wet collection. Largest specimen 42.8 

mm. 

MNHN; KLK 201236 (voucher), 201237, 210394-210395. Remarks: 

Collected in 1994 and 2005. No live specimens have been found. 

Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (live; empty shells in sediment of lagoon); 

Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Bernard, 1983; Bernard et al., 1991; 

Emerson, 1994; KLK 201248-201253 (voucher), 201254, 210109. 

Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. Several specimens 

found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. 

Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (live); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Bernard et 

al., 1991; Emerson, 1994, 1995; SBMNH 353418 (voucher, live, wet 

collection); SDNHM 42917 (empty shells); KLK 201255-201266, 

201268-201272. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. 

One or more specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet 

collection. 

As Isognomon chemnitzianum, auctt., non d’Orbigny, 1853, in 

Hertlein & Allison (1966) (live, beach deposits), Salvat & Ehrhardt 

(1970); as I. quadratus (Anton) in Bernard et al. (1991); as I. 

gaudichaudi (d’Orbigny) in Emerson (1994); Emerson, 1995;


MALLEIDAE 

Pl. 3, 

figs.3, 

4a-b 

Pl. 3, 

fig.6 

Pl. 3, 

fig.5 

PINNIDAE 

OSTREIDAE 

Pl. 4, 

figs.1, 

2a-b 

Pl. 4, 

figs.3a-c 

Pl. 4, 

figs.4a-c 

GRYPHAEIDAE 

Pl. 4, 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 4, 

figs.6a-b 

PECTINIDAE 

Pl. 5, 

figs.1a-b 

Isognomon (Melina) recognitus 

(Mabille, 1895) (continued) 

Malleus (Malvufundus) regulus 

(Forskål, 1775) 

SDNHM 42917 (empty shells); KLK 201267 (voucher). Remarks: 

Collected in 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens found live and 

preserved in KLK wet collection. 

SBMNH 358548; LACM 58-7 (valves); MNHN; KLK 201273-201278 

(voucher), 201289, 201276 (voucher)(+). Remarks: Collected in 1994, 

1998, 2005 and 2007. One or more specimens found live and preserved 

in KLK wet collection. 

Pinna rugosa Sowerby, 1835 As Pinna sp. in Hertlein & Allison (1966) (incomplete specimens in 

sediment patches in lagoon); Salvat & Salvat, 1972 (fragments, in 

sediment deposits in lagoon); Finet, 1987a; Bernard et al., 1991; 

Emerson, 1994; as cf. rugosa in KLK 201247 (voucher, empty 

juvenile, transparent, fringing reef); 210398 (adult shell in sediment 

deposit in lagoon, specimen broken). Remarks: Collected in 1994 and 

2005. Shells from the lagoon are very fragile due to the slightly acidic 

environment which dissolves the calcium carbonate. 

Streptopinna saccata (Linnaeus, 

1758) 

KLK 210399 (voucher). Remarks: Occurs from South Africa to 

Tuamotus in Rosewater (1961). A single live specimen was found 

between two coral rocks in sand during the 2005 Expedition and 


Ostrea sp. 1 SBMNH 353520 (voucher, live); KLK 201298 (voucher), 201310, 

201314. Remarks: Collected in 1994 and 2005. One or more 

specimens found live. Dark irregular spotting on top valve. 

Ostrea sp. 2 KLK 201301, 201304 (voucher), 201315-201316. Remarks: Collected 

in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens found live. Compare 

with Ostreidae sp. 2 (KLK 201817) in Kaiser & Bryce (2001), Isla de 

Malpelo. 

Ostrea sp. 3 KLK 201290, 201294, 201308 (voucher), 210400. Remarks: Collected 

in 1994 and 2005. One or more specimens found live and preserved in 

KLK wet collection. This species is irregular and noticeably 

inequivalve with dark purple on the right valve margin. 

Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758) As Ostrea in Hertlein & Allison (1966) (live; empty shells in sediment 

deposits in lagoon), Keen (1971); as Pycnodonta in Salvat & 

Ehrhardt (1970) (valves); Emerson, 1978, 1994; Bernard et al., 1991; 

MNHN; KLK 201405 (voucher), 201406. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 

1998, 2005 and 2007. One or more specimens found live and preserved 

in KLK wet collection. More commonly found attached to living coral 

at deeper depths (30-55 m). 

Parahyotissa quercina (Sowerby, 

1871) 

Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 

1791) 

SBMNH 353519 (voucher); KLK 201291, 201293, 201295-201296 

(voucher), 201297, 201299-201300, 201305-201306, 201314 (+). 


found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. Compare with 

Ostreidae sp. 5 (KLK 201832) in Kaiser & Bryce (2001), Isla de 

Malpelo. 

AHF 427 (collected, 1934); as Delectopecten zacae (Hertlein, 1935) in 

Hertlein & Emerson (1953) (live, dredged 110-150 fm, photo,


SPONDYLIDAE 

Pl. 5, 

figs.2a-b 

Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 

1791) (continued) 

Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby, 

1847 

ANOMIIDAE 

--- Anomia (Anomia) peruviana 

d’Orbigny, 1846 

LUCINIDAE 

Pl. 5, 

figs.3a-b 

Pl. 5, 

figs.4a-b 

Pl. 5, 

figs.5a-c 

Codakia distinguenda (Tryon, 

1872) 

Codakia punctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Ctena clarionensis Hertlein & 

Strong, 1946 

hypotypes 33347-33348, UCMP), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt 

(1970); as Cyclopecten zacae in Emerson (1994); Grau (1959) states 

Clipperton specimens are D. vitreus and not D. zacae; Keen, 1971. 

Delectopecten gelatinosus (Mabille & Rochebrune, 1889) is 

synonymous with D. vitreus in Grau (1959) and considered to be the 

deep-water species living at Clipperton, fide Tomas Waller, USNM 

(pers. comm., 1998); KLK 201317-201321(voucher), 201324 (with 

host). Remarks: Trawled from 113 m in 1998, attached by byssus to 

brown hydroid sp. Many specimens collected live and several 

preserved with host in KLK wet collection. 

As S. gloriosus Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938, in Hertlein & Allison 

(1966) (live) (empty shells in sediment deposits in lagoon), Salvat & 

Ehrhardt (1970) (4 valves, 2 fresh), Keen (1971), Emerson (1978); 

synonymized in Kay (1979); Bernard, 1983; Bernard et al., 1991; 

Emerson, 1994; as Spondylus sp. in Small (1994, 1995); Skoglund 

(2000); Kaiser & Bryce, 2001; as cf. linguaefelis in Schneider (2004) 

(worn beach deposit); SBMNH 358706-358707 (live, wet collection), 

358544; MNHN; KLK 201325 (juv.), 201414-201415 (voucher), 

201423 (+). Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. One 

or more specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. 

Numerous fragile lagoon deposits. 

Hertlein & Emerson, 1953 (?valves, dredged, 100-200 fm); Sachet, 

1962c; Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970 [also listed as erroneous, p. 223]; 

Bernard, 1983; Bernard et al., 1991; Emerson, 1994, 1995. Remarks: 

Not collected since 1952 although no deep-water dredging for mollusks 

at those depths has been done since then. 

HETERODONTA 

Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (beach deposits, in sediment deposits in 

lagoon); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970 (valves); Bernard, 1983; Bernard et 

al., 1991; Emerson, 1994, 1995; KLK 210019 (voucher), 210401- 

210405. Remarks: Two beach deposits collected in 2005 and common 

as sediment deposits in lagoon. This species has not been recorded 

alive at Clipperton. 

As C. thaanumi in Hertlein & Allison (1966) (empty shells in 

sediment deposits in lagoon), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970) (empty shells 

in sediment deposits in lagoon), Emerson (1978); Bernard, 1983; 

Bernard et al., 1991; Emerson, 1994; KLK 210018 (voucher), 210406- 

210407. Remarks: Collected in 2005 and 2007 as fragile empty shells. 

This Indo-Pacific species has only been recovered from sediment 

deposits in the lagoon, obviously thriving there before the closure of 

the lagoon and, in turn, the brackish water. No specimens have been 

collected from the ocean side of the atoll. 

SBMNH 210427; MNHN; KLK 201332 (voucher), 210039 (+). 

Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. One or more 

specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. This 

species is quite common at Clipperton.


Pl. 5, 

figs.6a-b 

Ctena clippertonensis Bartsch & 

Rehder, 1939 

Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 (USNM holotype 472552, photo, type 

locality); Hertlein & Emerson, 1953, 1957 (two fragments, beach 

deposits); Keen, 1958, 1971; Sachet, 1962c; Hertlein & Allison, 

1966 (live, 15.6 mm); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Bernard, 1983; 

Bernard et al., 1991; Emerson, 1994; SBMNH 210428, 358628 (wet 

collection), 358551; LACM 58-7 (single valves); MNHN; SIO-BI 

M1495 (live, reef flat, 17.5 mm); KLK 201326-201327(voucher), 

201344 (+). Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or 

more specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. Size 

record: 21.4 mm. Draper (1972) reported Ctena clippertonensis from 

Spondylus princeps shakings southeast of Santa Rosalia, Baja 

California. The Draper (1972) record is herein considered unlikely 

and suspect. The LACM voucher specimen(s) cannot be located. 

According to E.V. Coan (pers. comm., 2006) Ctena clippertonensis is 

endemic to Clipperton and the Keen (1971) Panamá record is suspect. 

CONDYLOCARDIIDAE 

Pl. 6, 

figs.1a-c 

Condylocardia digueti Lamy, 1916 KLK 210408 (voucher). Remarks: A single valve collected in 2005. 

MONTACUTIDAE 

--- ?Planktomya sp. 1 KLK 210465. Remarks: Single juvenile valves collected in 2005. The 

genus is known for teleplanic larval dispersal. 

CHAMIDAE 

Pl. 6, Chama rubropicta Bartsch & As Chama rubropicta Bartsch & Rehder, n.sp., in Bartsch & Rehder 

figs.2a-b, Rehder, 1939 

(1939) (holotype 472553, USNM, photo); as C. squamuligera 

3,4 

rubropicta in Hertlein & Emerson (1953), Sachet (1962c), Hertlein 

& Allison (1966) (live), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); as squamuligera 

in Bernard (1976); C. rubropicta synonymized in Bernard (1976, 

1983), reporting both buddiana and squamuligera from Clipperton, 

Emerson (1994); SBMNH 210435; KLK 201352 (voucher), 201353- 

201378, 210035 (voucher, wet)-210036, 210448-210456, 210462- 

210464. Remarks: Chama rubropicta is herein reinstated. Collected in 

1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. One or more specimens found live and 

preserved in KLK wet collection. Specimens are shiny white and may 

be stained with light orange to deep red on the interior and exterior of 

one or both valves. Top valves of juveniles are very common in


Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) ovata 

Sowerby, 1834 (continued) 

PHOLADIDAE 

--- Martesia (Martesia) striata 

(Linnaeus, 1758) 

TEREDINIDAE 

Pl. 8, 

figs.3a-b 

SCISSURELLIDAE 



collection. Regarding raising of subgenus see J. Hertz & Kaiser 

(1998b). More common in live corals at deeper depths of 30-50 m. 

Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (empty shells from coral debris); Salvat & 

Ehrhardt, 1970; Emerson, 1978, 1994; Bernard, 1983; Bernard et al., 

1991. Remarks: No records of this species or specimens have been 

found since 1958. 

Teredinidae sp. 1 KLK 210016 (voucher). Remarks: This single living specimen came 

from a water-logged tree trunk that washed up on shore at Clipperton 

after heavy swells in 2005 and has been preserved in KLK wet 

collection. 

--- Sinezona rimuloides (Carpenter, 

1865) 

Pl. 9, 

figs.1a-d 

Pl. 9, 

figs.2a-d 

--- 

GASTROPODA 

VETIGASTROPODA 

SBMNH 358511; KLK 200515 (voucher)-200519. Remarks: Collected 

in 1994, 1998 and 2005 at nearly all collecting stations, 11-62 m. 

Sinezona sp. 1 Geiger, MS KLK 200516, 210108, 210047 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1994, 

1998 and 2005. One or more specimens found live. 

Scissurella kaiserae Geiger, 2006 KLK 210001, 210110-210111. Remarks: Collected in 1994 and 2005. 

One or more specimens were found live. Recorded for the first time at 

Clipperton. 

cf. Scissurellidae sp. 1 Berkeley B-6120 (empty shells). Remarks: Two specimens lacking a 

selenizone. Compare with Scissurellidae spp. 1 & 2 in Kaiser & Bryce 

(2001), Isla de Malpelo. 

FISSURELLIDAE 

Pl. 10, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 10, 

figs.2a-b 

Pl. 10, 

figs.3a-b 

Pl. 10, 

figs.4a-b, 

5 

SKENEIDAE 

Emarginula sp. 1 

MNHN; KLK 200520-200521, 210079 (voucher), 210083. Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. 

Emarginula sp. 2 KLK 210080 (voucher), 210081-210082. Remarks: Collected in 2005. 

The apex of this specimen is closer to the outer margin of the shell 

when compared to Emarginula sp. 1. It may be the same species. 

Diodora granifera (Pease, 1861) 

Diodora cf. punctifissa McLean, 

1970 

Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (live, common); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; 

Keen, 1971; Emerson, 1978, 1991, 1994; Kay, 1979; SBMNH 

358704 (live, wet collection); LACM 58-7 (empty shells); MNHN; 

KLK 200522-200524 (voucher), 200525-200526, 210002-210005, 

210084-210085, 210115-210119. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 

2005 and 2007. One or more specimens found live and preserved in 

KLK wet collection. Found living mostly in the low intertidal and 

shallow water attached to undersurfaces of coral rock. Clipperton 

specimens are small for the species. 

KLK 200527, 200530, 200532 (voucher), 210034 (voucher). 

Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens 

found live.


Pl. 11, 

figs.1, 

2a-b 

Pachystremiscus solitarius 

(Hertlein & Allison, 1968) 

Identified as Cyclostrema cingulifera A. Adams, 1850, in Hertlein & 

Allison (1966) (live); as Cyclostremiscus solitarius n. sp. in Hertlein 

& Allison (1968) (UCMP, holotype 37121, live, type locality), Salvat 

& Ehrhardt (1970), Keen (1971), González (1993); moved from 

Cyclostremiscus by Emerson (1994); Kaiser & Bryce, 2001; LACM 

58-7 (empty shells); KLK 200534-200539, 210046 (voucher), 210086- 

210087. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more 

specimens found live. The most common of the Pachystremiscus spp. 

at Clipperton. First published SEM herein. 

Pl. 11, 

figs.3a-b 

Pachystremiscus sp. 1 KLK 200540 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty shells in 1994. 

Pl. 11, 

figs.4a-b 

Pachystremiscus sp. 2 KLK 200541 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty shell in 1994. 

TURBINIDAE 

--- 

Pl. 11, 

figs.5a-b 

NERITIDAE 

Pl. 12, 

figs.1a-b 

Homalopoma (Panocochlea) 

clippertonense (Hertlein & 

Emerson, 1953) 

cf. Eulithidium diantha (McLean, 

1970) 

Nerita (Ritena) plicata Linnaeus, 

1758 

PHENACOLEPADIDAE 

Pl. 12 

figs.2a-c 

LITTORINIDAE 

Pl. 12 

figs.3a-b 

Pl. 12 

figs.4a-b 

Plesiothyreus cf. osculans (C.B. 

Adams, 1852) 

Littoraria (Protolittoraria) coccinea 

(Gmelin, 1791) 

Littoraria (Protolittoraria) pintado 

pullata (Carpenter, 1864) 

As Clanculus clippertonensis in Hertlein & Emerson (1953) (UCMP, 

holotype 33341, ?empty shell, dredged in 100-200 fm, photo, type 

locality), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); Keen, 1971; 

Emerson, 1994, 1995. Remarks: The author has not collected this 

species. 

KLK 200542 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty shell plus a 

fragment in 1998. Voucher specimen crushed on SEM stub. 

NERITIMORPHA 

Bartsch & Rehder, 1939; Hertlein & Emerson, 1953; Hertlein & 

Allison, 1960b (live); Sachet, 1962c (high intertidal); Salvat & 

Ehrhardt, 1970; Emerson, 1978, 1991, 1994; MNHN; KLK 200543 

(voucher), 210088. Remarks: Collected in 1998 and 2005. One or 

more specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. An 

Indo-Pacific species that occurs only at Clipperton in the TEP and is 

fairly well established. 

SBMNH 210444 (broken shells); KLK 200544, 210089-210092 

(voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty shells in 1998 and 2005. 

CAENOGASTROPODA 

Reid & Kaiser, 2001, citing a specimen in KLK 200546 (voucher, 

photo) = SBMNH 345467, 210095-210096. Remarks: Collected in 

1998, 2005 and 2007. Many specimens found live in 2005 and 

preserved in KLK wet collection. An Indo-Pacific species that occurs 

only at Clipperton and Isla del Coco in the TEP and is well established 

at Clipperton. 

As Littorina schmitti Bartsch & Rehder, n.sp. in Bartsch & Rehder 

(1939) (USNM, holotype 472547, photo), Hertlein & Emerson 

(1953), Hertlein & Allison (1960b) (live), Sachet (1962c) 

(intertidal), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Keen (1971), González 

(1993); as Littorina pintado schmitti Bartsch & Rehder in Rosewater 

(1970) (known only from Clipperton), Emerson (1978); as Littoraria 

(P.) pintado Reid, 1989, in Reid (1989); Emerson, 1991, 1994, 1995; 

Reid, 1999; Reid & Kaiser, 2001; Schneider, 2004 (beach deposit); 

SBMNH 358703 (live, wet collection); USNM, holotype 472547,


Pl. 12, 

fig.5 

Pl. 12, 

figs.6a-b 

RISSOIDAE 

Pl. 13, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 13, 

figs.2a-b 

Pl. 13, 

figs.3a-b 

Pl. 13, 

figs.4a-b 

Pl. 13, 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 13, 

figs.6a,b 

Pl. 13, 

figs.7a-b 

Littoraria (Protolittoraria) pintado 

pullata (Carpenter, 1864) 

(continued) 

live, photo; SIO-BI M1493, M1498; KLK 200547-200548 (voucher), 

210093-210094. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or 

more specimens found living and preserved in KLK wet collection. By 

far the most abundant of the Clipperton littorinid spp. 

Littoraria undulata (Gray, 1839) KLK 210097 (voucher). Remarks: The single live specimen collected 

in 2005 is preserved in KLK wet collection. This Indo-Pacific species 

is known from only two live collected specimens from the TEP islands; 

one specimen collected at Isla del Coco (Reid & Kaiser, 2001) and the 

other at Clipperton. 

Nodilittorina modesta (Philippi, 

1846) 

Reid, 2002 (citing KLK 200545, voucher), 210022. Remarks: 

Collected in 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens found live and 


Alvania sp. 1 KLK 200549 (voucher), 200550. Remarks: Collected in 1998 and one 

or more specimens found live. The uncommon Clipperton specimens 

are a translucent, light brown in color. 

Onoba sp. 1 MNHN; LACM 58-7 (empty shells); Berkeley B-6101a, B-6120 

(empty shells); SBMNH 210433-210434 (empty shells); KLK 200551 

(voucher), 200552, 210098-210099. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 

and 2005. One or more specimens found live. 

Rissoina (Rissoina) stricta Menke, 

1850 

SBMNH 210120 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1994. The single 

specimen was found live. Operculum showing in aperture. 

Rissoina (Rissoina) sp. 1 SBMNH 210100 (voucher); KLK 200553. Remarks: Collected in 1998 

and 2005. The specimens were found as empty shells. 

Rissoina sp. 2 

Rissoina sp. 3 

Parashiela sp. 1 

BARLEEIDAE 

--- Barleeia cf. bifasciata (Carpenter, 

1857) 

Pl. 14, 

figs.1a-b 

SBMNH 210122 (voucher). Remarks: A single specimen found live in 

1994. 

KLK 201207, 210101 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 2005. 

Specimens found as empty shells and are glassy white with brown 

blotches. 

SBMNH 210121 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty shell was 

collected by H.W. Chaney in 1994. 

KLK 200554 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1998. The empty 

juvenile shell has the characteristic amber color stripe on the body 

whorl. Specimen not imaged. 

Barleeia sp. 1 KLK 200555 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1994. One or more 

specimens found live. 

--- Barleeia sp. 2 KLK 200556 (voucher) (empty shell, juvenile). Collected in 1994. No 

SEM was taken before the adult specimen was lost. 

Pl. 14, 

figs.3a-b 

Pl. 14, 

fig.4 

ASSIMINEIDAE 

Pl. 14, 

figs.2a-b 

Lirobarleeia cf. nigrescens (Bartsch 

& Rehder, 1939) 

LACM 58-7 (voucher). Remarks: One or more empty shells were 

collected in 1958. 

cf. Lirobarleeia sp. 1 KLK 210102 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty juvenile shell was 

found in 1998. 

Assiminea sp. 1 KLK 200966 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty shell collected 

intertidally in 1998.


ELACHISINIDAE 

Pl.14, Elachisina sp. 1 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 14, 

figs.6a-b 

Pl. 14, 

figs.7a-b 

Pl. 14, 

figs.8a-b 

Pl. 14, 

figs.9a-b 

VITRINELLIDAE 

Pl. 15, 

figs.1a-c 

Pl. 15, 

figs.2a-b 

CAECIDAE 

Pl. 15, 

figs.3a-c 

Pl. 15, 

fig.4 

As Amphithalamus trosti Strong & Hertlein in Hertlein & Allison 

(1968) (UCMP, ITC, hypotype 37122, line drawing, 1.18 mm); 

LACM 58-7; MNHN; Berkeley B-6120 (empty shells); KLK 200557 

(voucher)-200560. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One 

or more specimens were collected live. I believe that the line drawing 

of Amphithalamus trosti in Hertlein & Allison (1968) is actually 

Elachisina sp. 1 herein and is very common in the shakings. No other 

Amphithalamus spp. have been recorded or recently found at 

Clipperton. 

Elachisina sp. 2 KLK 200561 (voucher). Remarks: A single specimen collected in 

1994, possibly live. 

cf. Elachisina sp. 3 



KLK 200562 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1998 as empty shells. 

LACM 58-7 (voucher). Remarks: Found as empty shells in 1958. 

SBMNH (empty shells). Remarks: Specimens are marked with brown 

blotches on a transparent background. One lot of this species was 

collected by H.W. Chaney in 1994. 

Solariorbis sp. 1 KLK 210103 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty shell was collected 

in 2005. 

Vitrinellidae sp. 1 KLK 200563 (voucher). Remarks: Empty shells were collected in 

1998. The voucher specimen has been lost. 

Fartulum (Fartulum) cf. 

glabriforme (Carpenter, 1857) 

MNHN; KLK 200565 (voucher), 200566, 210123-210124. Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens were 

collected live. 

Fartulum sp. 1 KLK 200567 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as a single empty shell in 

1994. Compare with Fartulum sp. 2 in Kaiser & Bryce (2001), Isla de 

Malpelo. 

MODULIDAE 

Pl. 15, Modulus sp. 1 

figs.5a-b, 

6a-b 

VERMETIDAE 

Pl. 16, 

figs.1, 2 

Pl. 16, 

fig. 4 

Petaloconchus cf. keenae Hadfield 

& Kay, 1972 

SBMNH 210426 (high spire), 210432 (empty shells); MNHN; KLK 

200568 (voucher), 200569-200576, 210125-210130. Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 (also in lagoon sediment) and 2007. One 

or more of the specimens were found live and preserved in KLK wet 

collection. Originally I believed this to be Modulus cerodes (A. 

Adams, 1851), but when compared with Cocos material, believed to be 

M. cerodes, they showed dissimilar protoconchs. The Clipperton 

specimens are more solid with lower protoconch, although they look 

more like the Malpelo M. cerodes when adult. 

Believed to be Petaloconchus (Macrophragma) sp. in Hertlein & 

Allison (1966) (beach deposits), Emerson (1994); as ?Petaloconchus 

(Macrophragma) sp. in Schneider (2004) (beach deposit); SBMNH 

358701(empty shells); KLK 200612 (voucher), 200613 (+). Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005 as empty shells. 

Petaloconchus sp. 1 KLK 200600 (voucher), 210028 (voucher?). Remarks: Collected in 

1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens found live and 

preserved in KLK wet collection.


--- Petaloconchus sp. 2 KLK 210022. Remarks: Collected live in 2005 and preserved in KLK 

wet collection. 

Pl. 16, 

fig.3 

Pl. 16, 

figs.5a-b 

--- 

Pl. 16, 

fig.6 

CERITHIIDAE 

Pl. 16, 

fig.7 

Pl. 16, 

figs.8a-b 

Pl. 16, 

figs.9a-b 

Pl. 17, 

figs.1a-d 

Pl. 17, 

figs.2a-c 

Pl. 17, 

figs.3a-b 

PLANAXIDAE 

Pl. 17, 

figs.4a-c 

Pl. 17, 

figs.5a-b 

EPITONIIDAE 

Pl. 18, 

figs.2a-b 

Eualetes cf. tulipa (Chenu, 1843, 

ex Rousseau MS) 

Dendropoma meroclista Hadfield & 

Kay, 1972 

Dendropoma cf. platypus (Mörch, 

1861) 

KLK 201393 (voucher), 200577. Remarks: Collected as empty shells 

from tangle net (49 m) in 1998. 

KLK 200618 (voucher), 200619-200621. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 

1998 and 2005. One or more specimens were found live embedded in 

white coralline algal crust with aperture showing. 

As Spiroglyphus cf. S. platypus in Hertlein & Allison (1966) (beach 

deposits); as Dendropoma cf. S. platypus in Emerson (1994). 

Remarks: Dendropoma meroclista Hadfield & Kay, 1972, had not 

been described at the time that Hertlein & Allison (1966) put the 

tentative name on specimens of Dendropoma cf. platypus. It may be 

that this record is in fact D. meroclista. 

Dendropoma sp.1 KLK 200579 (voucher). Remarks: Collected live in 1994, 

premetamorphic protoconchs in aperture of adult shell. Compare with 

Dendropoma sp. 1 (KLK 200172) in Kaiser & Bryce (2001), Isla de 

Malpelo. 

Cerithium cf. atromarginatum 

Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1933 

Cerithium echinatum Lamarck, 

1822 

KLK 210135 (voucher). Remarks: An Indo-Pacific species collected in 

2005 as a single worn beach deposit. 

KLK 200622 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1998, this Indo-Pacific 

species occurs only at Clipperton in the TEP and is known from only 

one crabbed specimen. 

Cerithium maculosum Kiener, 1841 SBMNH 353522 (empty shells); KLK 200623-200624, 210037 

(voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more 

specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. 

Cerithium sp. 1 SBMNH 358617 (live, wet collection), 358707; MNHN; KLK 200625- 

200627 (voucher), 200628-200635, 200858, 210131-210133. Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. One or more specimens 

found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. Believed to be a new 

species and is only known in the TEP from Clipperton. Crabbed 

specimens abundant, largest specimen 13.6 mm. 

Cerithium sp. 2 KLK 200636 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1998 and 2005. One or 

more specimens found live. This is a small species (6.5 mm) and is 

only known from a few specimens. 

cf. Cerithiidae sp. 1 KLK 200637 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1998. A small species 

(2.76 mm) and is only known from one empty juvenile shell. 

Placement to family is uncertain. 

Angiola sp. 1 KLK 200968 (voucher), 210136; LACM 58-7 (voucher, juvenile, 

empty shell). Remarks: Collected in 1998 and 2005 as empty shells. 

Fossarus cf. angulatus Carpenter, 

1857 

Epitonium (Asperiscala) billeeanum 

(DuShane & Bratcher, 1965) 

KLK 200638, 210137 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1998 and 

2005. The single empty shell from 1998 (KLK 200638) was lost. 

SBMNH 358508 (live, juvenile); MNHN; KLK 200642 (with host) - 

200644 (voucher), 200645-200647, 210139. Remarks: Collected in 

1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. One or more specimens found live. At 

Clipperton, found living on its coral host Tubastraea coccinea Lesson, 

1863.


Pl. 18, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 18, 

figs.3a-c 

Pl. 18, 

figs.4a-b 

Pl. 18, 

fig.5 

Epitonium (Asperiscala) 

emydonesus Dall, 1917 

Epitonium sp. 1 


First thought to be Epitonium acapulcanum but the glossy white shell 

has a transparent, glassy brown protoconch which is not characteristic 

of E. acapulcanum. 

KLK 200639 (voucher), 210140. Remarks: Collected in 1998 and 

2005. One specimen found living on host coral ?Dendrophyllia sp. in 

1998. 

Epitonium sp. 2 KLK 200640 (voucher). Remarks: A single live specimen collected in 

1998. 

Epitonium sp. 3 

KLK 200641 (voucher). Remarks: A single early juvenile, empty shell 

collected in 1994. Compare with Epitonium sp. 1 (KLK 200192) in 

Kaiser & Bryce (2001), Isla de Malpelo. 

JANTHINIDAE 

--- Janthina globosa Blainville, 1822 Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Emerson, 1994, 1995. 

--- Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758) Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (beach deposits); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & 

Erhardt, 1970; Emerson, 1994; KLK 200648. Remarks: In 1998 only 

fragments were found large enough to identify to species. 

EULIMIDAE 

Pl. 19, 

fig.1 

Pl. 19, 

figs.2a-b 

Pl. 19, 

figs.3a-b 

--- 

Pl. 19, 

figs.4a-b 

Pl. 19, 

fig.5 

Pl. 19, 

fig.6 

Melanella cumingii (A. Adams, 

1854) 

Melanella dufresnei Bowdich, 1822 

As Balcis cf. B. cumingi [sic] medipacifica (Pilsbry, 1917) in Hertlein 

& Allison (1966) (single empty shell), Kay (1979) (citing Hertlein & 

Allison (1966) record); not mentioned in Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), 

Emerson (1978, 1994); KLK 210023 (wet collection), 200698-200704. 



KLK 200679, 200695 (vouchers), 200696 (+). Remarks: Collected in 

1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens found live and 

preserved in KLK wet collection. Live animal has orange spots that 

show through the translucent shell. 

Melanella cf. exilis (Pease, 1863) KLK 200682 (voucher) - 200688, 200711, 200122, 210417 (voucher, 

wet coll.). Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more 

specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. Living 

mostly on host Euapta godeffroyi, an Indo-Pacific species of 

holothurian. 

Melanella inflexa (Pease, 1868) As Balcis vafra (Pilsbry, 1917) in Hertlein & Allison (1966) (empty 

shell), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); Kay, 1979; Emerson, 1994; as cf. 

inflexa, KLK 200717 (voucher). Collected as worn empty shell in 

1994. 

Melanella thaanumi (Pilsbry, 1917) Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (shells with crab, common); Kay, 1979; 

Emerson, 1994; KLK 200694 (voucher), 200705-200710. Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens found live 

and preserved with host Stichopus sp. in KLK wet collection. Found 

living on two different holothurians: Stichopus sp. and Holothuria sp. 

Melanella sp. 1 KLK 200649-200652 (voucher), 200653-200655. Remarks: Collected 

in 1998. One or more specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet 

collection. The species has an unusually pointed apex and irregular 

varices. 

Melanella sp. 2 KLK 200656-200661 (voucher), 200662-200663, 200715, 200718, 

200724. Remarks: Collected in 1994 and 1998. One or more 

specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. The


Pl. 19, 

fig.7 

Pl. 20, 

figs.8a-b 

Pl. 20, 

fig.9 

Pl. 20, 

fig.10 

Pl. 20, 

fig.11 

Pl. 20, 

figs.12a-b 

Pl. 20, 

fig.13 

Pl. 20, 

fig.14 

Pl. 20, 

figs.15a-b 

Pl. 20, 

fig.16 

HIPPONICIDAE 

Pl. 21, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 21, 

figs.2a-d 

Pl. 21, 

figs.4a-b, 

5 

Melanella sp. 2 (continued) animal is pinkish in color and the varices extend straight up from the 

aperture. 

Melanella sp. 3 KLK 200716 (voucher), 210142 (+). Remarks: Collected in 1994, 


KLK wet collection. The animal is the same color as the shell, the 

aperture is angular and the apex is very pointed. 

Melanella sp. 4 KLK 200697 (voucher), 200725, 210144-210146. Remarks: Collected 

live in 1998 and preserved in KLK wet collection. This is a long 

narrow species and the varices are scattered. 

Melanella sp. 5 KLK 200712 (voucher). Remarks: Collected live in 1998. Unusual 

apex, operculum horny, transparent. 

Melanella sp. 6 KLK 200726 (voucher). Remarks: A single specimen collected live in 

1994. The shell is torqued and animal shows through. 

Melanella sp. 7 

KLK 200691, 200696 (voucher), 200700. Remarks: Collected in 1994 

and 1998. One or more specimens found live. The shell is large and 

narrow with varices that are regularly stair-stepped. 

cf. Sabinella sp. 1 KLK 200714 (voucher), 200720. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 

2005 and 2007. One specimen found live in 2007 on Eucidaris cf. 

thouarsii and preserved in KLK wet collection. 

cf. Sabinella sp. 2 KLK 200713 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty shell collected in 

1994. Voucher specimen crushed on SEM stub. 

Scalenostoma sp. 1 KLK 210416 (voucher). Remarks: A single decollate, empty shell 


Eulimidae sp. 1 KLK 200664-200666 (voucher), 200671. Remarks: Collected in 1994 

and 1998. One or more specimens found live. Shell is narrow and 

transparent. 

Eulimidae sp. 2 KLK 210141 (voucher). Remarks: Specimens collected live in 2005. 

Hipponix antiquatus panamensis 

C.B. Adams, 1852 

Antisabia foliacea (Quoy & 


As H. fimbriata, n. sp. in Bartsch & Rehder (1939) (USNM, 

holotype 472853, photo); as H. fimbriatus in Hertlein & Emerson 

(1953, 1957) (empty shells); as H. fimbriata in Hertlein & Allison 

(1960b) (live), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); as H. 

foliaceus in Emerson (1994); Emerson, 1995; SBMNH 358509, 

358515 (live); LACM 58-7 (empty shells); MNHN; SIO-BI M7175 

(empty shells); KLK 200369, 200729-200736 (voucher), 210147- 

210154. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. One or 

more specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. 

As Hipponix antiquatus (Linnaeus, 1767) in Hertlein & Allison 

(1960b) (beach deposits), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), 

Emerson (1978); as Hipponix in Emerson (1994); KLK 200737- 

200738 (voucher), 200739-200741, 200210. Remarks: Collected in 

1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens were found live and 

preserved in KLK wet collection. Also found as lagoon deposits. 

Raised from subgenus by Knudsen (1993). 

Pilosabia pilosa (Deshayes, 1832) As Hipponix barbata Sowerby in Bartsch & Rehder (1939); as H. 

pilosus Deshayes in Hertlein & Emerson (1953), Hertlein & Allison 

(1960b) (live), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Emerson 

(1994); Emerson, 1995; SBMNH 358550 (empty shells); LACM 58-7


Pl. 21, 

figs.3a-d 

Pilosabia pilosa (Deshayes, 1832) 

(continued) 

Hipponicidae sp. 1 

CALYPTRAEIDAE 

Pl. 21, 

fig.6 

ATLANTIDAE 

Pl. 22, 

fig.1 

Pl. 22, 

figs.2a-b 

(empty shells); MNHN; SIO-BI M1494 (empty shells); KLK 200742- 

200744, 210007 (voucher), 210008-210013. Remarks: Collected in 

1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens were found live and 


SBMNH 558510; LACM 58-7 (empty shells); MNHN; KLK 200745- 

200746 (vouchers), 200747-200748, 210157-210162. Remarks: 

Collected as empty shells in 1994, 1998 and 2005. 

Crepidula sp. 1 KLK 200749 (voucher). Remarks: A single live juvenile specimen was 

collected from shakings in 1998. 

Atlanta fusca Souleyet, 1852 KLK 200754 (voucher), 210163. Remarks: Collected as empty shells, 

larval stage in 1998 and 2005. 

Atlanta cf. gaudichaudi Souleyet, 

1852 

KLK 200753 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty shells in 1994. 

Det. R. Seapy. 

--- Atlanta inclinata Souleyet, 1852 KLK 210164. Remarks: Collected as empty shells in 2005. 

Pl. 22, 

fig.3 

Atlanta cf. inflata Souleyet, 1852 KLK 200750 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty juvenile shell in 

1998. 

--- Atlanta cf. peroni Lesueur, 1817 KLK 210165. Remarks: Collected as empty shells in 2005. 

--- Atlanta turriculata d’Orbigny, 1836 KLK 210166-210167. Remarks: Collected as empty shells in 1998 and 

2005. 

Pl. 22, Oxygyrus keraudrenii (Lesueur, KLK 200751 (voucher), 200752, 210168-210169. Remarks: Collected 

fig.4 1817) 

as empty shells (bellerophina stage) in 1994, 1998 and 2005. 

CARINARIIDAE 

Pl. 22, 

figs.5a-c 

Pl. 22, 

figs.6a-b 

Pterosoma cf. planum (Lesson, 

1827) 

KLK 200468 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty larval shells in 

1994. 

Carinariidae sp. 1 KLK 200466 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty larval shells in 

1994. 

PTEROTRACHEIDAE 

Pl. 22, 

figs.7a-c 

NATICIDAE 

Pl. 23, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 23, 

fig.2 

Pl. 23, 

fig.3 

Pl. 23, 

fig.4 

TRIVIIDAE 

Firoloida desmaresti Lesueur, 1817 KLK 200471 (voucher), 210170. Remarks: Collected as empty shells 

in 1994 and 2005. 

Polinices (Mammilla) simiae 

(Deshayes in Deshayes & Edwards, 

1838) 

Chaney, 1996 (figured from specimen in KLK Collection). KLK 

200758 (voucher), 210171. Remarks: Collected as empty shells in 

1998 and 2005. 

Naticidae sp. 1 KLK 200756 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1994. One or more 

juvenile specimens were found live. 

?Naticidae sp. 2 KLK 200757 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty shell in 1994. 

Placement to family is uncertain. 

?Naticidae sp. 3 

MNHN; KLK 200755 (voucher), 210172-210173. Remarks: Collected 

as empty shells in 1994, 1998 and 2005. Compare with cf. Naticidae 

sp. 3 (KLK 200293) in Kaiser & Bryce (2001), Isla de Malpelo; same 

sp. occurs at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Placement to family is 

uncertain, possibly a Vetulina sp.


Pl. 23, 

figs.5a-c 

CYPRAEIDAE 

Pl. 24, 

figs.1a-b, 

2a-b 

Pl. 24, 

figs.3a-b, 

4a-b 

Pl. 24, 

figs.7a-b 

Pl. 24, 

figs.5a-b, 

6a-b 

Trivia cherobia (Cate, 1979) KLK 200759 (voucher). Remarks: Recovered live in 1998 from tangle 

net, 61m, det. L.T. Groves. Distribution Record: The species was 

described from one specimen (6.3 mm), Bahía Magdalena, Baja 

California, México, holotype LACM 1803. 

Monetaria caputserpentis 

caputserpentis (Linnaeus, 1758) 

As Cypraea caputserpentis in Keen (1958: 327, 1971), Hertlein & 

Allison (1960a) (fresh beach deposits), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & 

Ehrhardt (1970), Emerson (1978, 1991, 1994), Cantera (1991), Small 

(1994 [empty shells], 1995), Beals (1995); as Erosaria caputserpentis 

caputophidii Schilder, 1927, in Cate (1969) (live, abundant, photo); as 

Erosaria caputserpentis in Emerson & Chaney (1995); KLK 200793 

(voucher), 210174. Remarks: Collected in 1998 and 2005 as 

decorticated worn beach deposits. Genus changed to Monetaria in 

Meyer (2003). Because only beach specimens have been collected 

recently, an image of M. caputserpentis caputserpentis from Isla del 

Coco is also shown on Plate 24. 

Monetaria moneta (Linnaeus, 1758) As Cypraea in Keen (1958: 327, 1971), Hertlein & Allison (1960a) 

(UCMP,TC hypotypes 37726-37727, live, line drawings), Sachet 

(1962c); as Monetaria moneta barthelemyi (Bernardi) in Cate (1969) 

(AMNH 204596a, empty shells, abundant, photo); as Cypraea in 

Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970) (5 specimens), Emerson (1978, 1991, 1993, 

1994), Kay (1979), Finet (1987b), Cantera (1991), Small (1994 

[empty shells], 1995), Beals (1995) (empty shells, worn); reported as 

common in Hickman & Finet (1999); Emerson & Chaney, 1995; 

Kaiser, 1999; Schneider, 2004 (beach deposit); SBMNH 358486 

(beach deposits); AMNH 204596, 86235; KLK 200812-200813 

(voucher), 210175-210177. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 

(in lagoon also) and 2007. Very common as beach deposits. Cate 

(1969) reported M. moneta as being common and living in intertidal 

water. In my four expeditions to Clipperton, none have been found 

living. Because only beach worn specimens have been collected 

recently, an image of a fresh M. moneta from Isla del Coco is also 

shown on Plate 24. 

Erosaria albuginosa (Gray, 1825) As Cypraea in Hertlein & Allison (1960a) (live), Sachet (1962c), 

Emerson & Old (1963), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Burgess (1970, 

1985), Emerson (1994, 1995), Small (1994) (live), Beals (1995) (live, 

photo), Cate (1969); Emerson & Chaney, 1995; Kaiser, 1999; 

Schneider, 2004 (beach deposit); CASIZ 103450, 103490; MNHN; 

SBMNH 358624, 358487 (live, wet collection), 358488; KLK 

200781-200791 (voucher), 200792, 210178-210180. Remarks: 



Erosaria helvola helvola (Linnaeus, 

1758) 

As Cypraea helvola in Hertlein & Allison (1960a) (AMNH 204597, 

beach deposits), Sachet (1962c), as C. helvola hawaiiensis Melvill in 

Cate (1969) (AMNH 204597a, ?live, photo), Emerson (1978); as 

Cypraea in Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Keen (1971), Kay (1979), 

Cantera (1991), Emerson (1991, 1994), Small (1994) (dead), Beals 

(1995) (dead, worn); Groves, 1992; Emerson & Chaney, 1995; 

Kaiser, 1999; SBMNH 353521 (voucher, worn beach deposit). 

Remarks: Because only worn specimens have been collected recently, 

an image of a fresh E. helvola helvola is shown from the Marshall 

Islands. I believe that Cate (1969) photographed specimens in fine 

condition that were not collected at Clipperton.


Pl. 25, 

figs.1a-b 

Mauritia depressa (Gray, 1824) As Cypraea gillei Jousseaume, 1893, in Hertlein (1937) (CAS, PTC 

plesiotype 7066, photo); as Cypraea depressa in Hertlein & Emerson 

(1953), Keen (1958: 327, 1971), Hertlein & Allison (1960a) (worn 

beach deposits), Sachet (1962c); as Mauritia d. depressa in Cate (1969) 

(single live specimen, photo); as Cypraea depressa in Salvat & 

Ehrhardt (1970), Burgess (1970, 1985), Emerson (1978, 1991, 1994), 

Cantera (1991), Beals (1995); Emerson & Chaney, 1995; KLK 210026 

(voucher). Remarks: Collected as worn beach deposits in 2005. I 

believe that Cate (1969) photographed specimens in fine condition that 

were not collected at Clipperton. 

--- Mauritia maculifera Schilder, 1932 As Cypraea in Hertlein & Allison (1960a) (single beach-worn 

specimen), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Keen (1971), 

Emerson (1978, 1991, 1994), Kay (1979), Cantera (1991), Beals 

(1995); Cate, 1969 (empty shells, AMNH 204575a); Groves, 1992 

(two empty shells, worn, AMNH 204575); Emerson & Chaney, 1995. 

Remarks: I believe that Cate (1969) photographed specimens in fine 

condition that were not collected at Clipperton. 

Pl. 25, 

figs.3a-b 

Mauritia scurra (Gmelin, 1791) As Cypraea scurra in Hertlein (1937), Hertlein & Emerson (1953 

[CAS, PTC hypotype 9880, photo], 1957) (single beach deposit), Keen 

(1958: 327), Hertlein & Allison (1960a) (fresh beach deposits), Sachet 

(1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Burgess (1970, 1985) (empty 

shells), Kay (1979), Emerson (1991, 1994), Small (1994) (empty 

shells), Beals (1995) (empty shells); as M. scurra retifer (Menke, 

1829) in Cate (1969) (?empty shells, photo); as Cypraea scurra indica 

Gmelin in Keen (1971), Emerson (1978), Cantera (1991); Emerson & 

Chaney, 1995; Kaiser, 1999 (live, photo); Schneider, 2004 (beach 

deposit); CASIZ 48948, 37062 (beach deposits); SBMNH 358485 

(empty shells); SDNHM 42904 (empty shells); KLK 200808 (voucher, 

size record, 60.9 mm)-200811, 210181-210182. Remarks: Collected in 


preserved with egg mass in KLK wet collection. The first year in 

which a specimen was found live (with egg mass) was 1998. Beach 

deposits were abundant in 2005 and 2007 but no live specimens were 

seen. 

--- Talparia talpa (Linnaeus, 1758) Hector Reyes-Bonilla (pers. comm., 2000); Meyer, 2003. Remarks: 

“T. talpa ranges from Clipperton Island in the East Pacific all the way 

through the Indo-West Pacific to the Red Sea and East Africa” in 

Meyer (2003). I have not seen any Clipperton Talparia talpa 

specimens. 

Pl. 25, 

figs.4a-b 

Luria isabellamexicana (Stearns, 

1893) 

As Cypraea isabella-mexicana in Hertlein (1937), Hertlein & 

Emerson (1953, [CAS, PTC hypotype 9878, photo], 1957) (beach 

deposits), Keen (1958), Hertlein & Allison (1960a) (live), Sachet 

(1962c), Emerson & Old (1963); as Luria in Cate (1969) (live, photo); 

as Cypraea in Burgess (1970, 1985), Perrin (1977) (empty shells), 

Emerson (1994, 1995), Small (1994, live) (1995), Beals (1995) (live, 

photo), Kaiser, 1999; Emerson & Chaney, 1995; Meyer, 2003; 

Schneider, 2004 (beach deposit); CASIZ 103446, 103486, 103487, 

103491, 103494; MNHN; SIO-BI M1489, M3080 (empty shells); 

SDNHM 30672 (empty shells); SBMNH 358623, 358625-358626 (live, 

spent egg mass, wet collection), 358490; KLK 200794-200798 

(voucher), 200799-200807, 210183-210185. Remarks: Collected in 


preserved in KLK wet collection.


--- Lyncina schilderorum (Iredale, 

1939) 

As Cypraea arenosa Linnaeus in Hertlein & Allison (1960a) (AMNH 

204579, single beach deposit specimen, worn), Sachet (1962c), Salvat 

& Ehrhardt (1970); Cate, 1969 (AMNH 204579a, single beach deposit 

specimen, worn [specimen figured is believed not to be from 

Clipperton]), Emerson (1978); as Cypraea schilderorum in Keen 

(1971), Kay (1979), Cantera (1991), Emerson (1991, 1994), Beals 

(1995); Groves, 1992; Emerson & Chaney (1995). 

--- Lyncina vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758) As Cypraea cf. vitellus in Hertlein & Allison (1960a) (AMNH 

204578, single worn beach deposit), Sachet (1962c); as L. vitellus 

polynesiae Schilder & Schilder in Cate (1969) (single beach deposit 

specimen, photo); as Cypraea in Keen (1971), Emerson (1978, 1991, 

1994), Kay (1979), Cantera (1991), Beals (1995); Groves, 1992; 

Emerson & Chaney, 1995; KLK 210042. Remarks: Collected in 2005 

as beach deposit (fragment). 

Pl. 25, 

figs.5a-b, 

6a-b 

Talostolida pellucens (Melvill, 

1888) 

As Cypraea teres in Emerson & Old (1968); as Cypraea teres 

pellucens Melvill in Emerson & Old (1968, addendum), Keen (1971); 

as Cypraea teres [=?alisonae] in Emerson (1991, 1994); as Blasicrura 

alisonae in Groves (1992); as Cypraea alisonae in Small (1994, 1995) 

(live, on egg mass), Beals (1995) (live, photo), Kaiser (1999); as 

Blasicrura alisonae in Emerson & Chaney (1995); as Blasicrura teres 

in Schneider (2004) (beach deposit); CASIZ 103447-103449, 103459- 

103461, 103470, 103488-103489; MNHN; SBMNH 358618-358622 

(live, with egg mass, wet collection), 358489; SDNHM 30682-30683, 

42901, 42903, 59040 (empty shells); KLK 200760-200769 (voucher), 

200770-200775, 200777, 200779 (voucher), 200780, 210049 

(voucher), 210186-210188. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 

and 2007. One or more specimens found live and preserved in KLK 

wet collection with egg mass. Genus changed to Talostolida in Meyer 

(2003). Talistolida alisonae and T. teres pellucens synonymized by 

Groves & Weil (2003). 

TONNIDAE 

--- Malea ringens (Swainson, 1822) Hertlein & Emerson, 1957 (beach deposits); Hertlein & Allison, 

1960b (beach deposit); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; 

Emerson, 1994. Remarks: No living specimens have been found by the 

author or recorded to date. 

CASSIDAE 

Pl. 26, 

figs.2a-b 

Pl. 26, 

fig.1 

RANELLIDAE 

Pl. 26, 

figs.3a-b 

Cypraecassis (Cypraecassis) tenuis 

(Wood, 1828) 

Cypraecassis (Levenia) coarctata 

(Sowerby, 1825) 

Cymatium (Monoplex) macrodon 

(Valenciennes, 1832) 

As Cassis in Hertlein & Allison (1960b) (beach deposits), Sachet 

(1962c), Abbott (1968), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); as Cassis sp. 

in Perrin (1977) (fragment); Emerson, 1983, 1994; Small, 1994 

(empty shell, in KLK Collection); Chaney, 1996; KLK 201398 

(voucher), 210191. Remarks: Collected in 1994 and 2005 as empty 

shells. 

SBMNH 353701 (voucher), (worn beach deposit); KLK 210192. 

Remarks: Collected in 1994 and 2005 as worn beach deposits. 

As C. pileare (Linnaeus, 1758) in Emerson & Old (1963) (AMNH 

Collection), Emerson (1978, 1989); as C. pileare macrodon in 

Emerson (1991, 1995); Henning & Hemmen, 1993; Small, 1994 

(live); Schneider, 2004 (beach deposit); CASIZ 69681; SBMNH 

358615 (live, wet collection), 358491; KLK 200818-200819 

(voucher), 200820-200826, 210193-210197, 210206. Remarks:


Pl. 26, 

figs.4a-b 

BURSIDAE 

Pl. 26, 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 26, 

figs.6a-b 

Pl. 26, 

figs.7a-b 

Cymatium (Monoplex) macrodon 

(Valenciennes, 1832) (continued) 

Cymatium (Monoplex) nicobaricum 

(Röding, 1798) 

Bursa (Bursa) asperrima (Dunker, 

1862) 

Bursa (Colubrellina) corrugata 

corrugata (Perry, 1811) 

Bursa (Colubrellina) granularis 

(Röding, 1798) 

CERITHIOPSIDAE 

Pl. 27, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 27, 

figs.2a-b 

Pl. 27, 

figs.3a-b 

TRIPHORIDAE 

Pl. 27, 

figs.4a-c 

Cerithiopsis cf. eiseni Strong & 

Hertlein, 1939 

Cerithiopsis oaxacana Hertlein & 

Strong, 1951 


found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. See rejected records 

of Cymatium pileare and C. vestitum in Appendix 2 for more 

information. Emerson & Old (1963) did not consider Clipperton to be 

in the geographic range. 

Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (single specimen, fresh beach deposit); 

Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Emerson, 1978, 1989, 1991, 

1994; Small, 1994 (empty shell, voucher, M. Small Collection). 

Remarks: Only two Clipperton records are known for this 

circumtropical species. 

Probably misidentified, as B. cruentata (Sowerby) in Hertlein & 

Allison (1960b) (live), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); Beu, 

1985; Emerson, 1991, 1994; CASIZ 69682, 85184, 103411, 103416, 

103418, 103420, 103424, 103427, 104266; MNHN; SBMNH 210440, 

358611 (live, wet collection); Small, 1994, 1995 (photo); KLK 

200827-200831 (voucher), 200832-200838, 200842-200844, 210198- 

210201, 210207. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. 


collection. The most common of the Bursa species, living mostly at 

shallow depths to 20 m. 

SBMNH 353417 (voucher, empty shell); KLK 210466. Remarks: Only 

two empty shells of this species have been collected, one in 1994 and 

one in 2007. 

Morrison, 1949; Hertlein & Emerson, 1953 (CAS, PTC, hypotype 

9884, photo); Hertlein & Strong, 1955; Hertlein & Allison, 1960b 

(fresh beach deposits); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; 

Keen, 1971; Perrin, 1977 (empty shells); Emerson, 1978, 1991, 1994, 

1995; Kay, 1979; Small, 1994, as B. granulata in Small (1995); 

Schneider, 2004 (beach deposit); SBMNH 358612 (live, wet 

collection), 358492; CASIZ 85177, 85188, 103417, 103425, 12905, 

26485; SIO-BI M1486, M1503 (empty shells); MNHN; KLK 200839 

(voucher), 200840-200841, 200845-200855, 210202-210205, 210207. 



KLK 200856 (voucher), 200857. Remarks: Empty shells were 


SBMNH 210443; KLK 200859 (voucher), 200860-200868, 210208- 


more specimens were found live. 

cf. Joculator sp. 1 SBMNH 210442; KLK 200869-200870, 210211 (voucher), 210212. 

Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005 as empty shells. A glassy 

brown shell with a white protoconch. 

Triphora dalli Bartsch, 1907 SBMNH 358518; MNHN; KLK 200871-200873 (voucher), 200874- 

200876, 210213-210217. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 

2007. One or more specimens were found live and preserved in KLK 

wet collection.


Pl. 27, 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 27, 

figs.6a-b 

Pl. 27, 

fig.7 

Pl. 27, 

fig.8 

MURICIDAE 

Pl. 28, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 28, 

figs.2a-b 

Pl. 28, 

figs.3a-b 

Pl. 28, 

fig.4 

Pl. 28, 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 28, 

figs.6a-b 

Pl. 28, 

figs.7a-b 

Pl. 29, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 29, 

figs.2a-b 

Triphora sp. 1 KLK 200877 (voucher). Remarks: One or more specimens were found 

live in 1998. 

Triphora sp. 2 KLK 200878 (voucher). Remarks: One or more specimens were found 

live in 1998. 

Triphora sp. 3 KLK 200879 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty juvenile shells in 

1998. The shell is glassy white and the protoconch is very similar to 

Triphora sp. 1 (Figure 5b). 

Triphoridae sp. 1 KLK 210415 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty shell found in 2005. 

Placement to genus is uncertain for this Indo-Pacific species and it has 

never been reported from the TEP. 

NEOGASTROPODA 

Hexaplex princeps (Broderip, 1833) Small, 1994 (as questionable identification); Kaiser, 2001 (species id. 

confirmed); KLK 200880 (voucher). Remarks: A single crabbed 

juvenile specimen was collected in 1994. This rock-dwelling Panamic 

species is quite common at the other oceanic islands of the TEP. 

Pterynotus (?Purpurellus) tripterus 

(Born, 1778) 

Attiliosa nodulosa (A. Adams, 

1855) 

KLK 200881-200882 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1994 and 1998. 

Only two empty shells of this Indo-Pacific species have been found. 

KLK 200883 (voucher), 210020. Remarks: Empty shells collected in 

1994 and 2005. 

Attiliosa sp. 1 KLK 210218 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty worn shell collected 

in 2005. 

Favartia (Murexiella) exigua 

(Broderip, 1833) 

Maculotriton serriale (Deshayes, 

1830) 

Pascula rufonotata (Carpenter, 

1864) 

Phyllocoma scalariformis 

(Broderip, 1833) 

Drupa (Drupa) ricinus ricinus 

(Linnaeus, 1758) 

SBMNH 210437 (empty shells); MNHN; SIO-BI 1510 (fragment); 

CASIZ 26997 (live); KLK 200884-200890 (voucher), 200891-200894, 

200896, 200909, 210219-210223. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 


KLK wet collection. Species fide B. Myers. Empty shells common. 

KLK 210015 (voucher). Remarks: Worn empty shells of this Indo- 

Pacific species collected in 2005. 

Kaiser, 2001; MNHN; SBMNH 358513 (empty shells); KLK 200897- 

200903 (voucher), 210029-210033. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 


KLK wet collection. 

SBMNH 353523 (voucher, empty shell); MNHN; KLK 200904 

(voucher), 200905-200908, 210224. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 

and 2005. One or more specimens found live. 

As D. ricinus (Linnaeus) in Hertlein (1937) (plesiotype 7060, CAS, 

PTC, photo); as D. vicina Linnaeus in Bartsch & Rehder (1939); as 

ricinus in Hertlein & Emerson (1953) (hypotype 9885, CAS, PTC, 

photo), (1957) (empty shells); as D. albolabris in Keen (1958: 376), 

Hertlein & Allison (1960b) (live), Sachet (1962c); Salvat & 

Ehrhardt (1970) (?live), as D. albolabris in Keen (1971), Emerson & 

Cernohorsky (1973), Perrin (1977) (live); Emerson (1978, 1991, 

1994); Kay (1979); Small (1994); Schneider, 2004 (beach deposit); 

SBMNH 358613 (live, wet collection); SIO-BI M1491, M1499, 

M4036, M1501 (live); SDNHM 242271, 42914, 50060, 52045, 59092 

(live); CASIZ 103399, 103440; MNHN; KLK 200910-200911 

(voucher), 200912-200918, 210225-210226. Remarks: Collected in


Drupa (Drupa) ricinus ricinus 

(Linnaeus, 1758) (continued) 

--- Mancinella speciosa (Valenciennes, 

1832) 

Pl. 29, 

figs.3a-b 

Pl. 29, 

figs.4a-b 

Pl. 29, 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 29, 

figs.6a-b 

Pl. 29, 

figs.7a-b 

Pl. 30, 

figs.1, 2 

Morula (Morula) uva (Röding, 

1798) 

Nassa serta (Bruguière, 1789) 


preserved in KLK wet collection. Very common intertidally and to 20 

m. 

As Thais in Hertlein & Allison (1960b) (worn beach deposits), Sachet 

(1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Emerson (1994), Small (1994); 

Kaiser, 2001. 

As Drupa morus Lamarck in Hertlein (1937) (CAS, PTC plesiotype 

7062, photo); as M. nodus Bory St. Vincent in Bartsch & Rehder 

(1939); Hertlein & Emerson, 1953, 1957 (live); Keen, 1958: 376, 

1971; Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (live); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & 

Ehrhardt, 1970; Emerson, 1978, 1991, 1994; Small, 1994; Schneider, 

2004 (beach deposit); CASIZ 103408-103410, 103422- 103423 (live); 

MNHN; SIO-BI M4104, M1492, M1500; as Sistrum morus in 

SDNHM 24203, 42915, 59097 (empty shells); SBMNH 210431, 

358614 (live, wet collection), 358503; KLK 200919-200921 (voucher), 


2005 (also in lagoon) and 2007. One or more specimens of this 

common species found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. 

As Nassa francolinus in Hertlein & Allison (1960b) (empty shells, 

worn), Sachet (1962c); as Nassarius francolinus in Salvat & Ehrhardt 

(1970); Emerson, 1978; may be the Pacific Ocean form of N. 

francolinus (Kool, 1993); Emerson, 1991, 1994; SBMNH 358541 

(live); KLK 200931-200933 (voucher), 200934-200938, 210234- 


more specimens found living in 9-27 m on undersurfaces of coral heads 

and preserved in KLK wet collection. 

Plicopurpura pansa (Gould, 1853) As Purpura patula pansa in Hertlein & Allison (1960b) (single live 

specimen), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); as Plicopurpura 

patula pansa in Emerson (1994), Small (1994); Kaiser, 2001; KLK 

200939 (voucher). Remarks: This species is not well established at 

Clipperton, a single live specimen was reported in 1960 and five 

specimens were found live in 1998. No beach deposits are reported. 

Stramonita biserialis (Blainville, 

1832) 

Tribulus planospira (Lamarck, 

1822) 

Coralliophila (Coralliophila) 

macleani Shasky, 1970 

As Thais haemastoma biserialis (Blainville, 1832) in Hertlein & 

Allison (1960b) (worn beach deposits), Sachet (1962c); as Thais in 

Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Emerson (1994); Small, 1994; Kaiser, 

2001; KLK 210027 (voucher). Remarks: A single worn beach deposit 

found in 2005 and one in 2007. 

As Thais in Smith (1939), Hertlein & Emerson (1957) (worn beach 

deposits), Hertlein & Allison (1960b) (live), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & 

Ehrhardt (1970), Emerson (1994), Small (1994) (beach deposit); 

Schneider, 2004 (beach deposit); Kaiser, 2001; CASIZ 2013 

(Talmadge Coll.), 48937; KLK 200940 (voucher), 200941, 210237. 

Remarks: The number of live specimens reported by Hertlein & 

Allison (1960b) in 1958 is not known. A single live juvenile specimen 

collected intertidally in 1998. Beach deposits collected in 1994, 1998, 

2005 and 2007. Clipperton specimens are unusually small for the 

species and not common in the beach drift. 

SBMNH 210430; KLK 200996 (voucher, empty shell), 200998 

(voucher). Remarks: A single adult specimen was collected empty in 

1998 and several live specimens found in 1994 and 2005.


Pl. 30, 

figs.3a-b 

Pl. 30, 

figs.4a-b 

Pl. 30, 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 30, 

figs.6, 7 

Pl. 31, 

figs.1, 

2a-b 

Pl. 31, 

figs.3a-b, 

4 

Pl. 31, 

fig.5 

Pl. 31, 

figs.6a-b, 

7a-b 

Coralliophila (Coralliophila) 

neritoides (Lamarck, 1816) 

Coralliophila (Pseudomurex) parva 

(E.A. Smith, 1877) 

As C. violacea (Kiener, 1835) in Hertlein & Allison (1960b) (live), 

Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); Keen, 1971; Emerson, 

1965, 1978; Perrin, 1977 (live); Kay, 1979; Emerson, 1991, 1994, 

1995; Small, 1994; Glynn et al., 1996; Hickman & Finet, 1999; 

Kaiser, 2001, 2002; SBMNH 358616 (live, wet collection), 358499; 

CASIZ 103457, 103415, 103435, 103441; SDNHM 42895 (empty 

shells); MNHN; KLK 200942-200944 (voucher, with egg capsule in 

aperture), 200995-200954, 210239-210245. Remarks: Collected live in 

1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. Specimens of this common species are 

preserved in KLK wet collection. Living on reef-building corals at 

SCUBA depths of 3 to 20 m. 

Kaiser, 2001; SBMNH (empty shells) 210439, 358500; MNHN; KLK 

200955-200961 (voucher, with dried egg capsule in aperture), 200962- 

200963, 210246-210248. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. 


collection. 

Latiaxis tosanus Hirase, 1908 KLK 200964 (voucher). Remarks: A single live specimen collected in 

1998 on undersurface of coral plate at 32 m (110 ft). 

Reliquiaecava robillardi (Liénard, 

1870) 

Rhizochilus antipathum Steenstrup, 

1850 

Quoyula madreporarum (Sowerby, 

1834) 

Quoyula monodonta (Blainville, 

1832) 

As Magilus in Bartsch & Rehder (1939), Hertlein & Emerson (1953), 

Hertlein & Allison (1960b) (worn beach deposits), Sachet (1962c), 

Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Emerson (1978); robillardi is restricted to 

Mauritius in Kosuge & Suzuki (1985); Emerson, 1991, 1994; Small, 

1994; Glynn et al., 1996; Kaiser, 2001; LACM 58-7 (single empty 

shell); MNHN; SDNHM 42932, 71589 (empty shells); SBMNH 

358631 (live, wet collection), 358501; KLK 200981-200986, 200988- 

200989 (voucher, in situ), 200990-200995, 210250-210254. Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 (also in lagoon) and 2007. One or more 

specimens found living in bore holes of live Pavona minuta Wells, 

1956. These specimens with egg sacs in the aperture are preserved in 


Kaiser & C. Hertz, 2001 (live, photos); MNHN; KLK 210255- 

210257. Remarks: Collected in 1998, 2005 and 2007. A very cryptic 

species found living on the lower stems of the black coral host 

Antipatharia sp., 27-55 m. Several specimens attached to host and 


Hertlein & Emerson, 1957 (single live specimen); Hertlein & 

Allison, 1960b (live); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; 

Emerson, 1978, 1983, 1991, 1994, 1995; Glynn et al., 1996; Kaiser, 

2001; SBMNH 358502; LACM 58-7 (empty shells); MNHN; SIO-BI 

M1504 (live); SDNHM 4294 (empty shells); KLK 200965, 200967, 

200969 (voucher), 200970-200980, 210258-210262. Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens found live 

and preserved in KLK wet collection. The author considers Q. 

madreporarum and Q. monodonta as separate species. 

MNHN; KLK 200969 (two vouchers), 210263. Remarks: Empty shells 

found in 1998 and 2005. 

Coralliophilinae sp. 1 KLK 200997 (voucher, empty shell), 200999, 210044 (voucher, 

juvenile). Remarks: Collected in 1998 and 2005 as empty shells. 

Compare with Coralliophilidae sp. 1 (KLK 201466 [+], Isla de 

Malpelo) in Kaiser & Bryce (2001). Protoconch has a light pinkorange 

color and this species is possibly a Babelomurex. The same 

species occurs at Islas Galápagos.


Pl. 31, 

fig.8 

Coralliophilinae sp. 2 

BUCCINIDAE 

Pl. 32, Clivipollia fragarius (Wood, 1828) 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 32, 

figs.2a-b, 

3a-b 

Pl. 32, 

figs.4a-b 

Colubraria (Colubraria) ochsneri 

Hertlein & Allison, 1968 

Colubraria cf. lucasensis Strong & 

Hertlein, 1937 

COLUMBELLIDAE 

Pl. 32, 

figs.5a-b, 

6a-b 

Pl. 32, 

figs.7a-b 

Pl. 32, 

figs.8a-b 

Pl. 32, 

fig.9 

NASSARIIDAE 

KLK 210249 (voucher). Remarks: A single specimen taken live from 

underside of coral head at 18 m in 2005 and preserved in KLK wet 

collection. 

As fragaria in Weaver (1964); as Peristernia thaanumi in Hertlein & 

Allison (1966) (live); as fragaria in De Vaul (1967); as Peristernia 

carolinae (Kiener, 1840) in Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970) (live); as 

Clivipollia costata in Kay (1979); Emerson, 1994; SDNHM 42923 

(empty shells); CASIZ 104282-104284; MNHN; SBMNH 358630 

(live, wet collection), 358542; KLK 201000, 201013 (voucher), 

201014-201018; 210264-210269. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 



As Colubraria sp. in Hertlein & Allison (1966) (beach deposits, 

crabbed specimens); Hertlein & Allison, 1968 (CAS, DGTC, holotype 

37126, empty shell, photo, paratypes 14102-14104, 37127-37129, type 

locality); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Keen, 1971; González, 1993; 

Emerson, 1994; CASIZ 104269-104273, paratypes CASIZ 63799- 

63800; J.Hertz & Kaiser, 1998a; Hickman & Finet, 1999; MNHN; 

SDNHM 42930 (empty shells); SBMNH 358629 (live, wet collection), 

358519 (empty shells); KLK 201019-201024 (voucher), 201025- 


2007. Several specimens are preserved in KLK wet collection. This 

somewhat common species was described from Clipperton from empty 

beach shells. The first live collected specimen, including the 

operculum, was figured in J. Hertz & Kaiser (1998a). Colubraria 

ochsneri is an inter-island endemic, and is found at all five of the 

oceanic island groups of the TEP. 

KLK 210279 (voucher), 210280-210281. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 

1998 and 2005 as empty juvenile shells. This species has a larger 

glassy protoconch and more defined cancellate sculpture on the 

remaining whorls than the more common C. ochsneri. Only one 

juvenile and several protoconchs with prodissoconchs were found. 

Mitrella sp. 1 SBMNH 358516; MNHN; KLK 201044-201048 (voucher), 201049, 



collection. Most likely a new species that is fairly common and found 

living on undersurfaces of coral rock. The small species is usually 

found by shaking and brushing. 

Mitrella sp. 2 KLK 210290 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty juvenile shell 


Mitrella sp. 3 KLK 210291(voucher). Remarks: A single fragment collected in 2005. 

Sincola gibberula (Sowerby, 1832) Schneider, 2004 (photo); SBMNH 80288 (voucher). Remarks: A 

single worn beach deposit collected in 2003.

Page 44 THE FESTIVUS Vol.XXXIX: Supplement 

Pl. 33, 

figs.1a-b, 

2 

Nassarius catallus (Dall, 1908) Hertlein & Emerson, 1953 (UCMP, TC hypotypes 33343-33346, 

?live, depth 100-200 fm, photo); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & Ehrhardt, 

1970; Emerson, 1994; KLK 201050 (vouchers). Remarks: A single 

live juvenile and several empty shells trawled in 1998. Collected from 

depths of 55-113 m. 

FASCIOLARIIDAE 

--- Pleuroploca princeps (Sowerby, 

1825) 

--- Latirus socorroensis Hertlein & 

Strong, 1951 

HARPIDAE 

Pl. 33, 

figs.3a-b 

CYSTICIDAE 

Pl. 33, 

fig.4 

Pl. 33, 

fig.5 

MITRIDAE 

Pl. 33, 

figs.6a-b 

Pl. 33, 

figs.7a-b 

Harpa gracilis Broderip & 

Sowerby I, 1829 

As Fasciolaria in Hertlein & Allison (1966) (single beach deposit), 

Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Emerson (1994). Remarks: Unique record, 

not recorded since 1958. Accepted here with reservation. 

As aff. L. socorroensis in Hertlein & Allison (1966) (single beach 

deposit); as L. clippertonensis n. sp. in Hertlein & Allison (1968) 

(UC, holotype 37130, photo), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); 

synonymized in Keen (1971); Emerson, 1994, 1995. Remarks: No 

specimens, live or empty, have been reported since 1970. 

Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (worn beach deposit); Sachet, 1962c; 

Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Rehder, 1973 (CAS, MHNP); Emerson, 

1978, 1990, 1991, 1994; Walls, 1980; Small, 1994 (empty shells), 

1995; Okon, 2004; Kaiser, 2005 (color image of live specimens 

figured, KLK 210296); MNHN; SBMNH 358497-358498; KLK 

201051-201055, 201057-201058 (voucher), 210293-210296. Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. Two live specimens found the 

first time in 2005, buried in fine, silty sand under a coral slab. They 

are preserved in the KLK wet collection. 

Granula sp. 1 KLK 201059 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty juvenile collected in 

1994. 

Granulina cf. margaritula 

(Carpenter, 1857) 

Mitra (Mitra) papalis (Linnaeus, 

1758) 

Mitra (Dibaphus) edentula 

Swainson, 1823 

--- Mitra (Nebularia) effusa Broderip, 

1836 

KLK 201060 (voucher). Remarks: A single live juvenile collected in 

1994. 

As M. mitra papalis in Hertlein (1937) (CAS, PTC, 7052, photo); 

Hertlein & Emerson, 1953; Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (fresh and 

worn beach deposits); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; 

Keen, 1971; Cernohorsky, 1976; Perrin, 1977 (empty shells); Cosel, 

1977; Emerson, 1978, 1991, 1994; Kay, 1979; Small, 1994, 1995; 

Schneider, 2004 (beach deposit); CASIZ 103419, 103421; SDNHM 

42902 (empty shells); MNHN; SBMNH 358634 (live, wet collection), 

358505; KLK 201397, 201424, 201062-201063 (voucher), 201064- 

201074, 210297. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. 

Several specimens found live in sand among the coral heads. 

Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (worn beach deposits); Sachet, 1962c; 

Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Cernohorsky, 1976; Cosel, 1977; Emerson, 

1978, 1991, 1994; KLK 210040 (voucher). Remarks: A single beachworn 

empty shell of this Indo-Pacific species collected from the high 

intertidal in 2005. 

Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (moderately fresh beach deposits); Sachet, 

1962c; Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Cernohorsky, 1976; Emerson, 1994; 

Small, 1994. Remarks: No living specimens have ever been recorded 

at Clipperton.


Pl. 34, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 34, 

figs.2a-b 

Mitra (Nebularia) ferruginea 

Lamarck, 1811 

Mitra (Nebularia) rupicola Reeve, 

1844 

--- Mitra (Strigatella) litterata 

Lamarck, 1811 

Pl. 34, 

fig 3 

Pl. 34, 

figs.4a-b 

Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (fresh beach deposits); Sachet, 1962c; 

Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Cernohorsky, 1976; Cosel, 1977; Emerson, 

1978, 1991, 1994; Small, 1994; SBMNH 358627 (live, wet 

collection), 358504; MNHN; KLK 201076-201082 (voucher), 201083- 


2007. One or more specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet 

collection. 

As M. cf. lignaria Reeve, 1844 in Hertlein & Allison (1960b) (worn 

beach deposits), Sachet (1962c); Emerson, 1994; Small, 1994; KLK 

201088 (voucher). Remarks: A single live specimen was collected in 

1998. Mitra rupicola as a valid species and M. lignaria as a synonym 

(Salisbury, 1992a, b). 

As Strigatella in Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970) (?empty shell), Cosel 

(1977), Emerson (1978, 1991, 1994). Remarks: The single vouchered 

specimen in Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970) could not be located in the 

MNHN, the repository for the Clipperton Bougainville Expeditions 

(pers. comm., P. Maestrati, 2005). 

Mitridae sp. 1 KLK 210301 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as an empty juvenile shell 

in 2005. 

Mitridae sp. 2 KLK 210302 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as an empty juvenile shell 

in 2005. Possible Subcancilla sp. 

CONIDAE 

--- Conus (Conus) brunneus Wood, 

1828 

Pl. 34, 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 34, 

figs.6a-b 

Conus (Conus) chaldaeus (Röding, 

1798) 

Conus (Conus) diadema Sowerby, 

1834 

Dall, 1910; Hanna & Strong, 1949; Hertlein & Emerson, 1953; 

Hertlein & Allison, 1960a (empty shell); Sachet, 1962c; Hanna, 1963; 

Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Emerson, 1994; USNM 149332 (Coll. 

Arnheim, 1897). Remarks: Dall (1910) reported C. brunneus from 

Clipperton, but his remarks (p. 227) state C. diadema Sowerby is a 

variety of C. brunneus Mawe. This may be where the record was first 

erroneously stated, as Conus diadema is common at Clipperton. 

As C. ebraeus vermiculatus Lamarck in Hertlein (1937) (CAS, PTC 

plesiotype 7058, empty shells, photo), Hertlein & Emerson (1953); as 

C. ebraeus Linnaeus (var. chaldeus Bolten) in Hanna & Strong (1949) 

(CAS, PTC hypotype 7058, empty shells, photo); as C. ebraeus 

chaldaeus Röding in Hertlein & Emerson (1957) (beach deposits); 

Keen, 1958: 480; Allison, 1959 (live); Sachet, 1962c; as C. ebraeus in 

Hanna (1963) (CAS, GTC hypotype 12309, empty shells, photo); 

Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Keen, 1971; Perrin, 1977 (live); Anders, 

1978; Emerson, 1978, 1983, 1991, 1994; Kay, 1979; Coomans, 

Moolenbeek & Wills, 1983; Small, 1994 (live), 1995; Schneider, 

2004 (beach deposit); CASIZ 103442; MNHN; SIO-BI M3047, 

M1505 (empty shells); SDNHM 42890, 59608 (empty shells); SBMNH 

358607 (live, wet collection), 358494; KLK 201089-201090 (voucher), 


2005 (also in lagoon) and 2007. One or more specimens found live and 


Allison, 1959 (live); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; 

Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wills, 1985; Emerson, 1994, 1995; Small, 

1994; CASIZ 103452, 103455, 103476, 103478-103479, 103483, 

103485, 85071; MNHN; SIO-BI M1506 (live); SDNHM 42887 

(empty shells); SBMNH 358608-358609 (live, wet collection); KLK


Pl. 34, 

figs.7a-b 

Pl. 35, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 35, 

figs.2a-b 

Conus (Conus) diadema Sowerby, 

1834 (continued) 

Conus (Conus) ebraeus Linnaeus, 

1758 

Conus (Conus) tiaratus Sowerby, 

1833, ex Broderip MS 

Conus (Chelyconus) purpurascens 

Sowerby, 1833, ex Broderip MS 

201096-201104 (voucher), 201105-201109, 210306-210310. Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. Several specimens found live 

and preserved in KLK wet collection. An unusual abundance of 

juveniles in April 2007. 

Hertlein, 1937 (CAS, PTC plesiotype 7056, empty shells, photo); 

Hanna & Strong, 1949 (CAS, PTC hypotype 7056, photo, empty 

shells); Hertlein & Emerson, 1953 (CAS, PTC hypotype 9886, 

photo), 1957 (empty shells); Keen, 1958; Allison, 1959 (live); Sachet, 

1962c; Hanna, 1963 (CAS, GTC hypotype 12307-12308, photo); 

Houbrick, 1968; Emerson, 1968, 1978, 1991, 1994; Salvat & 

Ehrhardt, 1970; Keen, 1971; Perrin, 1977 (live); Anders, 1978; Kay, 

1979; Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wills, 1986; Small, 1994 (live), 1995; 

Schneider, 2004 (beach deposit); CASIZ 63464, 63467-63468, 85077- 

85078, 103453, 103456, 103469; SIO-BI M1487, M1507, M3027 

(live); MNHN; SDNHM 225131, 42889, 59617 (empty shells); 

SBMNH 358606 (live, wet collection); KLK 201110-201114 


1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. Several specimens found live and 

preserved in KLK wet collection. Empty shells found in sediment in 

lagoon in 2005. Most live specimens are heavily incrusted with 

coralline algae. 

As C. miliaris Hwass in Dall (1910); as C. roosevelti n. sp. in Bartsch 

& Rehder (1939) (USNM type 472854, ?live, photo); both miliaris 

and roosevelti are junior synonyms in Hanna & Strong (1949) where 

they failed to cite Clipperton in the “range”; Hertlein & Emerson, 

1953, 1957 (beach deposits); Allison, 1959 (live); Sachet, 1962c; 

Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Perrin, 1977 (live); Kohn, 1992; Emerson, 

1994, 1995; Small, 1994, 1995 (live, photo); Schneider, 2004 (beach 

deposit); CASIZ 85118, 103465, 103468, 103454, 103462, 103464, 

103471-103473, 103480; MNHN; SIO-BI M1488, M1508 (live); 

SBMNH 358605, 358610 (live, wet collection); KLK 201118-201127 



preserved in KLK wet collection. A common shallow-water species 

living among coral rocks on sand. Clipperton specimens are a pink 

color form i.e. Conus roosevelti Bartsch & Rehder, 1939. 

As C. purpurascens var. regalitatis Sowerby, 1834, in Dall (1910); 

synonymized C. purpurascens var. regalitatis with C. purpurascens in 

Hanna & Strong (1949), Hanna (1963); as C. purpurascens regalitatis 

Dall in Hertlein & Emerson (1953, 1957) (beach deposits), Allison 

(1959) (live), Sachet (1962c); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Perrin, 

1977 (empty shells); Emerson, 1994, 1995; Small, 1994 (live), 1995 

(live, photo); Schneider, 2004 (empty shell); USNM 149331, 

631729, 634628; CASIZ 103444, 103451, 103463, 103466-103467, 

103474, 103484; MNHN; SDNHM 42888 (dead); SBMNH 358600- 

358603 (live, with eggs, wet collection); KLK 201135-201138 

(voucher), 201139-201143, 201399-201404, 210321-210326. 


found live with egg mass and preserved in KLK wet collection. Shells 

congregate when brooding. As many as 30 adults and sub-adults have 

been found on light pink egg masses under a single coral head lying 

on sand.


--- Conus (Leptoconus) gradatus 

Wood, 1828, ex Mawe MS 

Pl. 35, 

figs.3a-b 

Pl. 35, 

figs.4a-b 

TEREBRIDAE 

Pl. 35, 

fig.5 

TURRIDAE 

Pl. 36, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 36, 

fig.2 

Pl. 36, 

figs.3, 

4a-b 

Pl. 36, 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 36, 

figs.6a-b 

Conus (Leptoconus) tessulatus 

Born, 1778 

Conus (Stephanoconus) nux 

Broderip, 1833 

Hanna & Strong, 1949 (“Collecting stations”); Hertlein & Emerson, 

1953; Keen, 1958; Hertlein & Allison, 1960a (empty shell); Sachet, 

1962c; Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Nybakken, 1971; Emerson, 1994. 

Remarks: Nomen dubium in Kohn (1992). Valid species, Baja 

California and México in Lauer (1995). Unique record, accepted here 

with reservation. 

Hertlein & Allison, 1960a (empty shell); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & 

Ehrhardt, 1970; Emerson, 1978, 1983, 1991, 1994, 1995; KLK 

201144 (voucher). Remarks: An empty light-colored shell collected in 

1998 and one empty shell in 2007. One live specimen was found on 

JLE-2005 and not seen by author. This Indo-Pacific species is by far 

more established at Isla del Coco and in the Golfo de California than it 

is at Clipperton. 

Perrin, 1977 (?live); Small, 1994, 1995 (live); Emerson, 1995; 

CASIZ 103482; SIO-BI 7176 (?live); MNHN; SBMNH 358604 (live, 

wet collection), 358543; KLK 201145 (voucher), 201146-201150. 



Terebra crenulata (Linnaeus, 1758) As T. crenulata interlineata Deshayes, 1859, in Hertlein & Allison 

(1960b) (fresh dead), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), 

Emerson (1978); Emerson, 1991, 1994, 1995; Small, 1994 (empty 

shells), 1995; CASIZ 103443; SBMNH 358537-358538 (empty shells); 

MNHN; KLK 201151 (voucher), 201152-201156, 210327, 210467 

(live). Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. One or more 

specimens were found live and preserved in KLK wet collection. 

Clathurella rigida (Hinds, 1843) J. Hertz, 2000 (K.L. Kaiser Collection); Schneider, 2004 (worn 

beach deposit, photo); SBMNH 358540 (empty shells); LACM 58-7 

(empty shell); MNHN; KLK 201157-201158 (voucher), 201159- 


2007. One or more specimens found live and preserved in KLK wet 

collection. Clipperton specimens are smaller and lighter in color. The 

largest mature Clipperton specimen in the KLK Coll. is 4.7 mm. 

Kurtziella (Kurtziella) plumbea 

(Hinds, 1843) 

OMALOGYRIDAE 

Pl. 36, 

figs.7a-c 

KLK 201163 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty shell was collected 

in 1998. 

Microdaphne trichodes (Dall, 1919) KLK 210043 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1994 and 2005. 

Possibly one or more found live. 

Turridae sp. 1 KLK 210336 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty shells in 1998 

and 2005. 

Turridae sp. 2 KLK 201208 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty shell found in 1998. 

HETEROSTROPHA 

Omalogyra sp. 1 Hertlein & Allison (1968) (UCMP, ITC hypotype 37137, ?empty shell 

[0.425 mm], undescribed, line drawing); KLK 201164 


1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens found live. Compare


Omalogyra sp. 1 (continued) with Omalogyra sp. 1 (KLK 201668) in Kaiser & Bryce (2001), Isla 

de Malpelo. 

TOFANELLIDAE 

Pl. 18, 

figs.6a-b 

Graphis sp. 1 KLK 201192 (voucher) - 201194. Remarks: Collected in 1994 and 

1998. Live specimens with a dark suture line on transparent 

protoconch. Compare with Graphis sp. 1 (KLK 201691) in Kaiser & 

Bryce (2001), Isla de Malpelo. Also occurs at Isla del Coco, Costa 

Rica. 

ARCHITECTONICIDAE 

--- Heliacus (Teretropoma) 

infundibuliformis perrieri 

(Rochebrune, 1881) 

Pl. 37, 

figs.1a-d 

Pl. 37, 

figs.2a-d 

Pl. 37, 

figs.3a-d 

Pl. 37, 

figs.4a-b 

Pl. 37, 

figs.5a-b 

Heliacus (Torinista) mazatlanicus 

Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932 

Heliacus sp. 1 

As H. infundibulum strigata (Hanley, 1863) in Hertlein & Allison 

(1966) (single specimen, beach deposit); as H. infundibuliformis 

strigatus (Hanley) in Hertlein & Allison (1968) (UCMP, ITC 

hypotype 37123, line drawing); as H. infundibuliformis (Hanley) in 

Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); as H. perrieri (Rochebrune) in Robertson in 

Keen (1971), Emerson (1994); KLK 210419 (fragment). Remarks: A 

single partial specimen of questionable id. collected in 1998. No 

mention of this species occurring at Clipperton in Bieler (1993). 

MNHN; KLK 201172 (voucher). Remarks: Collected in 1998, 2005 

and 2007. Three specimens were found in 2007 living on a 

zoanthinarian colony and preserved in KLK wet collection. 

KLK 201173-201175 (voucher), 210342-210343. Remarks: Collected 

in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens found live. 

Architectonicidae sp.1 KLK 210344 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as an empty shell in 2005. 

Architectonicidae sp. 2 KLK 210345 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty shells in 2005. 

Architectonicidae sp. 3 KLK 210346 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty shells in 2005. 

PYRAMIDELLIDAE 

Pl. 38, 

figs.1a-b 

Pl. 38, 

figs.2a-b 

Pl. 38, 

figs.3a-b 

Pl. 38, 

figs.4a-b 

Pl. 38, 

figs.5a-b 

Iselica kochi Strong & Hertlein, 

1939 

KLK 201178 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty shell collected in 

1994. 

Iselica sp. 1 KLK 201177 (voucher). Remarks: A single ?live specimen collected in 

1994. Compare with Iselica sp. 1 (KLK 201675) in Kaiser & Bryce 

(2001), Isla de Malpelo. 

Odostomia sp. 1 KLK 201186 (voucher), 210348. Remarks: Collected in 1994 and 

1998. One or more specimens found live. Voucher specimen crushed 

on SEM stub. 

Chrysallida limbaughi (Hertlein & 

Allison, 1968) 

Herviera gliriella (Melvill & 

Standen, 1896) 

As Odostomia in Hertlein & Allison (1968) (UCMP, ITC holotype 

37124, ?live [no mention of operculum in description, line drawing, 

type locality]), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Keen (1971), González 

(1993), Emerson (1994); LACM 58-7 (empty shells); MNHN; 

Berkeley B-6120 (empty shells, sub-adult); SBMNH 210429; KLK 

201179-201180 (voucher), 201181-201184, 210349-210351. Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. One or more specimens found live. 

Raised from subgenus in Fretter & Graham (1986). 

MNHN; KLK 201187, 210352 (voucher). Remarks: An Indo-Pacific 

species collected in 1994 and 2005 as empty shells.


Pl. 38, 

fig.6 

Pl. 38, 

figs.7a-b 

Pl. 39, 

figs.1a-b 

Miralda sp. 1 KLK 201185 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty shell found in 1998. 

Odostomiinae sp. 1 

Berkeley B-6120 (empty shell); KLK 201198 (voucher). Remarks: A 

single empty shell found in 1998. Compare image with Odostomia sp. 

4 (KLK 201686) in Kaiser & Bryce (2001), Isla de Malpelo. Voucher 

specimen lost from SEM stub. 

Odostomiinae sp. 2 KLK 201195 (voucher). Remarks: A single empty shell found in 1994. 

Spiral lirations on protoconch. 

--- Odostomiinae sp. 3 KLK 201196 (voucher, live). Remarks: Dredged in 1998. Spiral 

lirations on protoconch are less than in Odostomiinae sp. 2. Vial with 

specimen misplaced. 

Pl. 39, 

figs.2a-c 

Pl. 39, 

figs.3a-b 

Turbonilla (Dunkeria) 

clippertonensis Hertlein & Allison, 

1968 

Hertlein & Allison, 1968 (UCMP, ITC holotype 37125, ?empty shell 

[no mention of operculum in description], line drawing, type locality); 

Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Keen, 1971; González, 1993; Emerson, 

1994; SBMNH 210441 (empty shells); Berkeley B-6120, B-6101a 

(live); MNHN; KLK 201188 (voucher), 201189-201191, 210353. 


found live. Depth record from tangle net in 1998 is 63 m. 

Pyramidellidae sp. 1 LACM 58-7 (empty shells); KLK 201197 (voucher). Remarks: A 

single empty shell found in 1998. 

ORBITESTELLIDAE 

Pl. 39, Orbitestella sp. 1 

figs.4a-c 

AGLAJIDAE 

Pl. 42, 

fig.1 

CAVOLINIIDAE 

Pl. 39, 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 39, 

fig.6 

Navanax aenigmaticus 

(Bergh, 1894) 

LACM 58-7 (empty shells); Berkeley B-6120 (empty shells); KLK 

200176, 201180, 201199 (voucher), 201200, 210354-210355. 


found live. 

OPISTHOBRANCHIA 

CASIZ 98775 (leg. H.W. Chaney). Remarks: A single specimen of 

this circumtropical species was photographed and collected in 1994. 

Cavolinia uncinata (Rang, 1829) MNHN; KLK 210356-210357 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty 

shells in 2005. 

Cavolinia cf. tridentata (Niebuhr, 

1775, ex Forskäl MS) 

KLK 200429, 210358 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty shells 

in 1994 and 2005. 

--- cf. Clio sp. 1 KLK 210360. Remarks: Collected as a fragment in 2005. 

Pl. 40, 

fig.1 

Pl. 40, 

fig.2 

Diacria cf. quadridentata 

quadridentata (Blainville, 1821, ex 

Lesueur MS) 

KLK 200449, 210364 (voucher). Remarks: Collected as empty shells 

in 1998 and 2005. 

Diacria sp. 1 KLK 210365 (voucher), 210366-210367. Remarks: Collected as empty 

shells in 2005. 

--- Creseis cf. acicula (Rang, 1828) KLK 200459. Remarks: Collected as fragments in 1998. 

--- cf. Hyalocylis striata (Rang, 1828) Berkeley B-6120 (fragment). 

--- Cavoliniidae sp. 1 KLK 200462-200463. Remarks: Collected as fragments in 1994. 

LIMACINIDAE 

Pl. 40, 

fig.3 

Limacina (Thilea) inflata 


SBMNH 358546 (empty shells); KLK 200319 (voucher), 200412, 

210361. Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005 as empty shells


Pl. 40, 

fig.4 

Limacina (Munthea) bulimoides 


--- Limacina (Munthea) trochiformis 


APLYSIIDAE 

Pl. 42, 

fig.2 

Stylocheilus striatus (Quoy & 


PLEUROBRANCHIDAE 

Pl. 42 

fig.3 

Pl. 40, 

figs.5a-b 

Pl. 40, 

figs.6a-b 

Pl. 42, 

fig.4 

Pl. 40, 

figs.7a-b 

Pl. 40, 

figs.8a-b 


KLK 200413, 210362. Remarks: Collected in 1998 and 2005 as empty 

shells. 

CASIZ 115689; LACM (leg. K.L. Kaiser and A. Hermosillo). 

Remarks: A circumtropical species collected in 1994, 1998 and 2007. 

Changed from S. longicauda to S. striatus by Behrens & Hermosillo 

(2005). 

Berthella martensi (Pilsbry, 1896) LACM (leg. K.L. Kaiser). Remarks: A single specimen of this Indo- 

Pacific species was collected in 2005. 

Berthella sp. 1 KLK 200242 (voucher), 200313, 200317, 210368, 210374 (empty 

shells). Remarks: Collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005 as empty shells. 

Berthella sp. 2 KLK 210372 (voucher), 200246, 210369. Remarks: Collected as 

empty shells in 1994 and 2005. Berthella sp. 2 has the same shape as 

Berthella sp. 1 except that the protoconch is smaller. 

Berthellina ilisima (Marcus & 

Marcus, 1967) 

As engeli in Debelius (1996) (color photo), Kaiser & Bryce (2001); 

CASIZ 115688 (leg. K.L. Kaiser), CASIZ 98777, 98782, 98785, 

98792, 98803 (leg. R.J. Van Syoc); LACM (leg. K.L. Kaiser [KLK 

200242, 200246] and A. Hermosillo). Remarks: This common tropical 

eastern Pacific species was collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. 

Synonymized by Behrens (2004). 

Berthellina sp. 1 SBMNH 210425 (empty shell); Berkeley B-6100, B-6120 (empty 

shells); KLK 200256 (voucher), 200260. Remarks: Collected in 1994 

and 2005 as empty shells. 

Berthellina sp. 2 KLK 210373 (voucher), 200253, 200206. Remarks: Collected as 

empty shells in 1998 and 2005. The protoconch is smaller than in 

Berthellina sp. 1. 

--- Pleurobranchus areolatus Mörch, 

1863 

UMBRACULIDAE 

Pl. 41, 

figs.1a-b, 2 

CASIZ 115684 (leg. K.L. Kaiser). Remarks: A circumtropical species, 

specimens collected in both 1994 and 1998. Images taken by other 

expedition members cannot be located. 

Tylodina fungina Gabb, 1865 KLK 210041 (voucher). Remarks: A tropical eastern Pacific species 

collected in 2005 and 2007 as empty shells. 

PLAKOBRANCHIDAE 

Pl. 42, 

fig.5 

Pl. 42, 

fig.6 

Elysia flava Verrill, 1901 CASIZ 115685, 88800 (leg. K.L. Kaiser); LACM 174195 (leg. A. 

Hermosillo). Remarks: A new distribution record for this species in the 

tropical eastern Pacific and collected in 1994, 1998 and 2007. 

Previously reported from Hawaii (Debelius, 1996); Indo-Pacific (pers. 

comm., T. Gosliner, 2007); Mediterranean (web site, 2007). 

Elysia sp. 1 CASIZ 115690 (leg. K.L. Kaiser); CASIZ 98806-98807 (leg. R.J. Van 

Syoc); LACM 174194 (leg. K.L. Kaiser and A. Hermosillo). 

Remarks: Collected in 1994 and 2007, this undescribed species is 

believed to be the same as the specimens figured as Elysia sp. 2 in 

Behrens & Hermosillo (2005), Camacho-García et al. (2005) and 

Hermosillo et al. (2006). 

CHROMODORIDIDAE


Pl. 42 

fig.7 

Hypselodoris ghiselini Bertsch, 

1978 

Debelius, 1996 (color photo); Gosliner & Johnson, 1999, CASIZ 

115681, 88799 (leg. K.L. Kaiser); LACM 174196 (leg. K.L. Kaiser 

[KLK 210378] and A. Hermosillo). Remarks: A tropical eastern 

Pacific species collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. 

DISCODORIDIDAE 

--- Discodorididae sp. 1 CASIZ 98778 (leg. R.J. Van Syoc). Remarks: A single specimen 

collected in 1994, no image. 

DENDRODORIDIDAE 

Pl. 42, 

fig.8 

Pl. 42, 

fig.9 

FLABELLINIDAE 

Pl. 43, 

fig.1 

FACELINIDAE 

Pl. 43, 

fig.2 

Pl. 43 

fig.3 

AEOLIDIIDAE 

Pl. 43, 

fig.4 

Dendrodoris albobrunnea Allen, 

1933 

Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 

1855) 

Debelius, 1996 (color photo); CASIZ 115683 (leg. K.L. Kaiser); 

CASIZ 98779, 98781, 98783-98784, 98798, 98802, 98805, 98808 

(leg. R.J. Van Syoc); LACM 174190-174191 (leg. K.L. Kaiser [KLK 

210379] and A. Hermosillo). Remarks: An Indo-Pacific species 

collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. There is a Turbellaria species 

(flatworm) at Clipperton that looks very similar to Dendrodoris 

albobrunnea. 

CASIZ 115682 (leg. K.L. Kaiser); LACM 174192 (leg. K.L. Kaiser 

and A. Hermosillo). Remarks: A circumtropical species collected at 

Clipperton in 1994, 1998 and 2007. It is here reported for the first time 

in the tropical eastern Pacific. 

Flabellina sp. 1 LACM 174193 (leg. A. Hermosillo). Remarks: Collected for the first 

time in 2007. 

Facelina sp. 1 LACM 174197 (leg. J. Bozanic). Remarks: Collected for the first time 

in 2007. 

Facelina sp. 2 LACM 174198 (leg. J. Bozanic). Remarks: Collected for the first time 

in 2007. 

Anteaeolidiella indica (Bergh, 

1888) 

CASIZ 115686, 98801 (leg. K.L. Kaiser); CASIZ 98776, 98780 (leg. 

R.J. Van Syoc). Remarks: A circumtropical species collected in 1994, 

1998 and photographed in 2007. Genus changed from Aeolidiella by 

Behrens (2004). 

EMBLETONIIDAE 

--- Embletonia gracilis Risbec, 1928 LACM 174199 (leg. A. Hermosillo). Remarks: A circumtropical 

species seen for the first time in 2007. No image of the living animal. 

Known from the TEP, Indo-Pacific and South Africa (Hermosillo et 

al., 2006). 

TERGIPEDIDAE 

--- Phestilla lugubris (Bergh, 1870) CASIZ 115687 (leg. K.L. Kaiser); LACM 174200 (leg. K.L. Kaiser 

[KLK 210370 (voucher)]). Remarks: A circumtropical species 

collected in 1994, 1998 and 2005. No specimens were collected in 

2007 and no images of a living animal are available from the previous 

expeditions. 

--- Opisthobranchia sp.1 CASIZ 115691 (leg. K.L. Kaiser). Remarks: A single specimen 

collected but not imaged in 1994. 

--- Opisthobranchia sp.2 CASIZ 115692 (leg. K.L. Kaiser & D.R. Robertson). Remarks: A 

single specimen collected but not imaged in 1994.


SUCCINEIDAE 

Pl. 41, 

fig.3 

SUBULINIDAE 

Pl. 41, 

fig.4 

Pl.41, 

figs.5a-c 

Succinea atollica Hertlein & 

Allison, 1968 

TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS 

PULMONATA 

As Succinea sp. in Sachet (1962c) (abundant in 1958, det. E.C. 

Allison); Hertlein & Allison, 1968 (UCMP, TC holotype 37132, live, 

line drawing, paratypes 37133-37135, type locality, endemic); LACM 

106665 (empty shells); CASIZ 63798, 16799. Remarks: No specimens 

have been reported as living or as empty shells since 1958. 

Opeas oparanum (Pfeiffer, 1846) Bartsch & Rehder, 1939; Hertlein & Emerson, 1953; Sachet, 1962c 

(abundant); Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (live, common); Hertlein & 

Allison, 1968 (UCMP, TC hypotype 37136, live, line drawing); 

LACM 58-7 (empty shells); as Lamellaxis in CASIZ 80205, 16799 (40 

specimens). Remarks: No specimens have been seen or reported as 

living or as empty shells since 1958. 

INCERTAE SEDIS 

Gen. sp. 1 KLK 201212 (voucher, empty shell). Remarks: A single empty shell 

was found in 1994. Possibly a teratological larval shell of a brooding 

snail (A. Warén, 2007). Other possible identifications: cf. 

Pseudomalaxis sp. or cf. Gleba species. 

ISCHNOCHITONIDAE 

Pl. 43, 

figs.7,8 

Ischnochiton victoria Ferreira, 

1987 

POLYPLACOPHORA 

As “two small chitons” in Hertlein & Emerson (1957) (p.7, 

“Durham, who identified the species of corals, mentioned the presence 

in them of two small chitons”), Sachet (1962c) (?live, single specimen, 

from 1958); Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (live); CASIZ 12810 (single 

specimen); SBMNH 210436, 358702 (live, wet collection, fide R. 

Clark, 02/1997); MNHN; KLK 210024, 210038 (voucher). Remarks: 

Collected in 1994, 1998, 2005 and 2007. Live specimens were found 

and preserved in SBMNH and KLK wet collections. Endemic to Isla 

del Coco, Costa Rica, in Ferreira (1987). This relatively common 

inter-island endemic is known only from Isla del Coco and Clipperton. 

CEPHALOPODA 

OCTOPODIDAE 

--- Octopus spp. Remarks: SBMNH “holdings contain approximately three to six 

species, whose identity can not be further ascertained, because a 

critical review of the region’s [Clipperton] cephalopod fauna is 

wanting” (pers. comm., F.G. Hochberg, 2007). Live specimens were 

collected and preserved during the 1994, 1998 and 2005 Expeditions.


APPENDIX 2: AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF REJECTED SPECIES 

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED FROM ÎLE CLIPPERTON 

A total of 42 taxa have been previously rejected or are newly rejected records herein. 

(11 BIVALVIA, 31 GASTROPODA) 

List of Species Literature Sources/Remarks 

BIVALVIA 

ARCIDAE 

Acar divaricata (Sowerby, 1833) As Acar cf. A. laysana Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938, in 

Hertlein & Allison (1966) (single live specimen in coral niche, 

5 mm), Emerson (1978); as Barbatia hawaiensis Dall, Bartsch & 

Rehder, 1938, in Bernard (1983); Bernard et al., 1991; 

Emerson, 1994. Remarks: Kay (1979) synonymized laysana. 

Delete record, believed to be a specimen of Barbatia sp. 1, 

herein. 

Barbatia (Acar) sp. As ?Acar sp. in Bartsch & Rehder (1939) (juv.); Hertlein & 

Emerson, 1953; Sachet, 1962c; Emerson, 1994. Remarks: 

Delete record, believed to be a specimen of Barbatia sp. 1 

herein. 

Barbatia (Cucullaearca) reeveana (d’Orbigny) form Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (two worn valves, beach deposits). 

velataformis Sheldon & Maury, 1922 

MYTILIDAE 

Remarks: Synonymized in Keen (1971). 

Lithophaga (Myoforceps) aristata (Dillwyn, 1817) 

PECTINIDAE 

Coan, Valentich Scott & Bernard, 2000. Remarks: No voucher 

specimens, personal communication E.V. Coan, 2002. 

Delectopecten zacae (Hertlein, 1935) 

SPONDYLIDAE 

Hertlein & Emerson, 1953 (UCMP hypotypes 33347 (valve) - 

33348, live, dredged 110-150 fm, photos); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat 

& Ehrhardt, 1970; Keen, 1971; as Cyclopecten in Bernard et al. 

(1991), Emerson (1994). Remarks: Clipperton specimens are D. 

vitreus (Gmelin) in Grau (1959). Rejected record. 

Spondylus limbatus G.B. Sowerby II, 1847 As Spondylus calcifer (Carpenter, 1847) and also a rejected 

record in Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970: 223). Remarks: Species 

changed by Lamprell, Stanisic & Clarkson (2001). 

Spondylus princeps Broderip, 1833, non Schreibers, Perrin, 1977 (beach worn). Remarks: Probable misidentification 

1793 

of S. linguaefelis, the record is considered dubious. Rejected 

record. 

Spondylus sparsispinosus Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938 Rejected record in Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970: 223). 

Spondylus tenebrosus Reeve, 1856 

CHAMIDAE 

As S. hawaiensis Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938, in Salvat & 

Ehrhardt (1970) (7 single valves, very eroded), Emerson (1978); 

Bernard, 1983; Emerson, 1994. Remarks: Probable 

misidentification of S. linguaefelis by Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), 

the record is considered dubious. Rejected record. 

Chama (Chama) buddiana C.B. Adams, 1852 As “closely resembles” C. rubropicta “from Clipperton” in 

Keen (1958); C. rubropicta is synonymized with buddiana in 

Keen (1971), Bernard, 1976, 1983; Emerson, 1994; LACM 58- 

7 (worn, juvenile valves, questionable id.). Remarks: It may be


Chama (Chama) buddiana C.B. Adams, 1852 

(continued) 

Chama (Chama) squamuligera Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932 

ANABATHRIDAE 

Amphithalamus (Amphithalamus) inclusus Carpenter, 

1864 

that Keen (1971) started a chain of errors by synonymizing 

rubropicta with buddiana. In Bernard (1976) he reports that 

buddiana is “reported from Clipperton” and 1983 he listed 

buddiana as occurring there. Bernard, et al. (1991) did not list 

buddiana. Abbott & Dance (1998) synonymized rubropicta with 

buddiana. The author herein reinstates Chama rubropicta Bartsch 

& Rehder, 1939. 

As C. rubropicta Bartsch & Rehder, n.sp. in Bartsch & Rehder 

(1939) (holotype 472553, USNM, photo); as C. squamuligera 

rubropicta in Hertlein & Emerson (1953), Sachet (1962c), 

Hertlein & Allison (1966) (live), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); as 

rubropicta in Keen (1958); Bernard, 1976; C. rubropicta 

synonymized in Bernard (1983); Bernard et al., 1991; Emerson, 

1994. Remarks: The author believes that the records of C. 

squamuligera are actually C. rubropicta. 

GASTROPODA 

As A. trosti Strong & Hertlein, 1939, in Hertlein & Allison 

(1968) (UCMP, ITC hypotype 37122, live single specimen, line 

drawing), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Emerson (1994). Remarks: 

Ponder (1983) synonymized trosti and inclusus. Figure 2 in 

Hertlein & Allison (1968: 3) compares with Elachisina sp. 1 

herein, therefore the record is considered a mistaken 

identification and therefore a rejected record. 

CERITHIIDAE 

Cerithium nesioticum Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1906 Hertlein & Allison, 1966 (beach deposits, empty shells in tide 

pools, common); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Keen, 1971; 

Emerson, 1978, 1991, 1994. Remarks: Record is most likely the 

new species Cerithium sp. 1 in Appendix 1. Rejected record. 

CYPRAEIDAE 

Talostolida rashleighana (Melvill, 1888) As Cypraea in Keen, 1958: 327; as Bistolida (Blasicrura) 

rashleighana rashleighana in Cate (1969) (AMNH 2045952, 

empty shells, photo); as Cypraea in Perrin (1977) (empty shells, 

worn), Emerson (1978, 1991); Remarks: Specimens in Cate 

(1969) are most likely sub-adult specimens of Blasicrura alisonae 

per Groves (1992). As Blasicrura, rejected record in Emerson & 

Chaney (1995). 

Talostolida teres (Gmelin, 1791) As Cypraea in Hertlein (1937), Hertlein & Emerson (1953) 

(CAS, MPTC hypotype 9881-2=081109; 081110, photo), 

Hertlein & Emerson (1957) (empty shells), Keen (1958: 327), 

Hertlein & Allison (1960a) (fresh beach deposits), Sachet 

(1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Emerson (1967, 1978, 

1991[=?alisonae], 1994 [=?alisonae]); as Bistolida teres teres in 

Cate (1969) (live, photo), as Cypraea (Talostolida) t. teres in 

Keen (1971); as Cypraea in Kay (1979), Cantera (1991); as 

Blasicrura in Groves (1992) (AMNH 80415, 204595, 204595a); 

tropical eastern Pacific record of B. teres questionable in 

Emerson & Chaney (1995). Remarks: The author believes that all 

previous records are most likely Talostolida pellucens (Melvill). 

Rejected record. 

Luria isabella (Linnaeus, 1758) As Cypraea in Hertlein (1937), Hertlein & Emerson (1953) 

(CAS, PTC hypotype 9879, photo), Keen (1958: 327); rejected 

record in Hertlein & Allison (1960a) “Recorded from Clipperton


Luria isabella (Linnaeus, 1758) (continued) Island by Hertlein & Emerson (1953). Identified as C. isabella 

mexicana by R. Summers (oral communication).” As Cypraea in 

Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Burgess (1970). Remarks: Not 

discussed in Emerson & Chaney (1995). Rejected record as no 

specimens have been verified. 

Mauritia arabicula (Lamarck, 1811) As Cypraea in Emerson (1995). Remarks: Most likely a 

misprint. Rejected record. 

RANELLIDAE 

Cymatium (Monoplex) vestitum (Hinds, 1844) Hertlein, 1937 (“This species is very close to the Indo-Pacific 

C. pileare.”); Hertlein & Emerson, 1953 (CAS, PTC hypotype 

9883, photo); Hertlein & Strong, 1955; Hertlein & Allison, 

1960b (fresh beach deposits); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & 

Ehrhardt, 1970 (6 beach deposits); CAS Stanford Univ. Coll. 

48899; SIO-BI 1502 (empty shell), (leg. J. Cousteau & S. Luke, 

1980); Emerson, 1994. Remarks: Synonymized with C. pileare 

(Linnaeus) by Cernohorsky (1976). With the help of George 

Metz (CAS), it was determined that all of the CAS specimens 

with the name of Cymatium vestitum collected at Clipperton, are 

actually Cymatium macrodon. Emerson must have rethought his 

position on C. vestitum as it was not considered to be at 

Clipperton in Emerson & Old (1963). This species is herein 

rejected and is considered to be a chain of misidentifications of 

Cymatium macrodon (Valenciennes, 1832). 

Cymatium (Monoplex) pileare (Röding, 1798) Emerson & Old, 1963; Emerson, 1978, 1989. Remarks: C. 

pileare of authors, non Linnaeus, 1758, is a synonym of C. 

macrodon in Henning & Hemmen (1993). Rejected record. 

BURSIDAE 

Bursa granularis affinis (Broderip & Sowerby, 1833) Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (live), Sachet (1962c). Remarks: This 

record (CASIZ 48895) identified by E. Allison in 1958, is B. 

granularis (fide K.L. Kaiser). Rejected record. 

Bursa cruentata (Sowerby, 1841) Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (live); Sachet, 1962c; Salvat & 

Ehrhardt, 1970. Remarks: Most likely misidentified specimens of 

B. asperrima in Hertlein & Allison (1960b). Rejected record. 

MURICIDAE 

Favartia (Murexiella) cf. vittata (Broderip, 1833) As Ocenebra cf. vittata (Broderip, 1833) in Hertlein & Allison 

(1966) (juvenile specimen, dredged 92m). Remarks: The record 

was never repeated on species lists after 1966. Rejected record. 

Drupa (Drupa) morum morum Röding, 1798 As D. morum Röding in Hertlein & Allison (1960b) (single 

beach-worn specimen), Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt 

(1970), Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973; Emerson (1978, 1991, 

1994). Remarks: Kay (1979) erroneously cites Hertlein (1937) 

as listing D. morum at Clipperton. Rejected record. 

Drupa morus Lamarck, 1822 Hertlein, 1937 (CAS, PTC plesiotype 7062, footnote, photo 

[fig.16 is Morula uva]); as D. morum Röding, 1798, in Kay 

(1979) citing Hertlein (1937); as Ricinula morus [see: Pilsbry 

and Bryan, 1918 (The Nautilus 31(3): 102, figure 11 is Morula 

uva)]; as Sistrum morus Lamarck in SDNHM 50054 (inside label 

as: “Clipperton Island?, ?adventurous [sic, ?adventitious], 2 

live, Dr. Fred Baker Coll.” Remarks: SDNHM specimens are 

actually Morula granulata (Duclos, 1832) with questionable 

locality, fide K.L. Kaiser. Rejected record.


Morula (Morula) aspera (Lamarck, 1816) Keen, 1958: 376; as M. uva aspera in Hertlein & Allison, 

(1960b), Sachet, 1962c as cited by Keen (1958); Keen, 1971. 

Remarks: As a synonym of M. uva (Röding) in Radwin & 

D’Attilio (1972). Rejected record. 

Nassa francolina (Bruguière, 1789) Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (worn beach deposits); Sachet, 1962c; 

as Nassarius in Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970); Emerson, 1978. 

Remarks: Distribution – Indian Ocean (Maes, 1966, Kay, 1979, 

Houart, 1996). Author believes unseen specimens to be 

misidentified records of Nassa serta which is found at 

Clipperton. Rejected record. 

Ceratostoma nuttalli Conrad, 1837 As Purpura in Hertlein & Emerson (1953) (collected by W.H. 

Ochsner in 1905-06, “almost certainly ballast”), record repeated 

by Sachet (1962c), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970). Remarks: CASIZ 

94643; record rejected by Emerson (1994). 

Coralliobia cumingii (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1863) As Coralliophila (Coralliobia) cumingii in Kosuge & Suzuki 

(1985); C. robillardi distribution restricted to Mauritius in 

Kosuge & Suzuki (1985); Campulotus cumingii (H. Adams & A. 

Adams) as possible synonym for Reliquiaecava robillardi 

(Liénard, 1870) in Emerson (1991). Remarks: Clipperton 

Coralliobia are believed to be C. robillardi. Rejected record. 

Coralliobia fimbriata (A. Adams, 1854) Emerson, 1991. Remarks: Species not mentioned in Emerson 

(1994). Rejected record. 

BUCCINIDAE 

Kelletia kelleti (Forbes, 1850) Rejected record in Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970: 223). Remarks: 

Unable to obtain original reference. 

Cantharus (Pollia) sanguinolentus (Duclos, 1833) Hertlein & Allison, 1960b (worn single specimen); Sachet, 

1962c; Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970; Emerson, 1994. Remarks: 

Until confirmed, rejected record. 

Clivipollia costata (Pease, 1860) As Peristernia thaanumi Pilsbry & Bryan, 1918, in Hertlein & 

Allison (1966) (live), Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970), Emerson (1978); 

Kay, 1979; Emerson, 1991, 1994. Remarks: Believed to be 

misidentifications of Clivipollia fragarius (Wood). Rejected 

record. 

MELONGENIDAE 

Pugilina lactea (Reeve, 1847) A single specimen (UCMP 7191) studied by Hertlein & Allison 

(1966); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970. Remarks: Stating confirmation 

needed in Hertlein & Allison (1966). Rejected record in Emerson 

(1994). 

FASCIOLARIIDAE 

Latirus clippertonensis Hertlein & Allison, 1968 Hertlein & Allison, 1968 (UCMP,TC holotype 37130-37131, 

14100-14101, ?live, photo); Salvat & Ehrhardt, 1970. Remarks: 

Synonymized with L. socorroensis Hertlein & Strong, 1951, in 

Keen (1971). 

VOLUTIDAE 

Voluta ancilla (Lightfoot, 1786) Lowe, 1933; “anomalous occurrence” in Hertlein (1937), 

Hertlein & Emerson, 1953; Sachet, 1962c. Remarks: Rejected 

record in Emerson (1994). 

Voluta deshayesii Reeve, 1855 Dall, 1911; Lowe, 1933; Hertlein, 1937; Hertlein & Emerson, 

1953; Sachet, 1962c. Remarks: Rejected record in Emerson 

(1994). 

HARPIDAE 

Harpa crenata Swainson, 1822 Rejected record in Salvat & Ehrhardt (1970: 223). Remarks: 

Probable misidentification of H. gracilis.


COSTELLARIIDAE 

Vexillum subdivisum (Gmelin, 1791) SDNHM 42933 (single beach deposit, empty shell). Remarks: 

Rejected record, “Vexillum subdivisum is not known to occur on 

the Pacific Plate.” Emerson (1999). 

CONIDAE 

Conus miliaris Hwass, 1792 Dall, 1910. Remarks: Most assuredly referring to Conus tiaratus. 


TEREBRIDAE 

Terebra maculata (Linnaeus, 1758) Emerson (1991). Remarks: T. maculata was not listed in 

Emerson (1994). Most likely a misprint in Emerson (1991). 


PYRAMIDELLIDAE 

Cyclostrema cingulifera A. Adams, 1850 

Hertlein & Allison (1966) (live). Remarks: Specimen(s) were 

eventually described as a new species, Pachystremiscus solitarius 

in Hertlein & Allison (1968) (line drawing). Rejected record. 

CHROMODORIDIDAE 

Glossodoris sedna (Marcus & Marcus, 1967) Debelius, 1996. Remarks: The color image in Debelius (1996) 

was taken by Jim Black on the 1994 Clipperton Expedition. The 

specimen was not collected. Locality record needs to be 

confirmed. 

APPENDIX 3: A DOCUMENTED ZOOGEOGRAPHIC REVIEW 

OF THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF ÎLE CLIPPERTON 

Appendix 3 categorizes the 191 identified Clipperton species into seven groups which define their zoogeographic 

affinities. The total number of identified taxa in each group is presented as a percentage of the 191 species: 

Eastern Pacific Species: 72=37.7% 

Indo-Pacific Emigrant Species at Clipperton Known to Occur on the Mainland (Oceanic Islands + 

Mainland): 23=12.0% 

Indo-Pacific Emigrant Species at Clipperton Known to Occur on the Oceanic Islands of the Tropical Eastern 

Pacific (Oceanic Islands only): 41=21.5% (Grand total for Indo-Pacific: 64=33.5%) 

Tropical Eastern Pacific Inter-Island Endemic Species: 17=8.9% 

Circumtropical Species that Occur at Clipperton: 31=16.2% 

Resident (Endemic) Species: 5=2.6% 

Western Atlantic Ocean Species Occurring in the Tropical Eastern Pacific: 2=1.0% 

This review includes 43 new distribution records for the tropical eastern Pacific oceanic islands. The geographic 

entries are shown in bold and include: Islas Revillagigedo (24); Isla del Coco (14); Isla de Malpelo (1); Islas Galápagos 

(3) and for mainland west America (1). 

The following taxa have been listed according to their faunal elements. The citations for geographic locality 

records following the species are believed to be the first record documented for each locality. 

Eastern Pacific Species 

Clipperton species representing established Panamic and/or Californian faunal elements that are known to have 

tropical eastern Pacific oceanic island distributions.


BIVALVIA 

Arcidae 

• Arca mutabilis (Sowerby, 1833): Islas Revillagigedo 

(Emerson, 1995); Isla del Coco (Bernard et 

al., 1991); Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland et al., 1975); 

Islas Galápagos (Rost, 1955). 

Acar gradata (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829): Islas 

Revillagigedo (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 202819-202822); 

Isla del Coco (Bernard et al., 1991); Isla de Malpelo 

(Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos (Abbott, 

1974). 

• Barbatia reeveana (d’Orbigny, 1846): Rocas Alijos 

(McLean & Coan, 1996); Islas Revillagigedo (K.L. 

Kaiser Coll. 210420); Isla del Coco (Bernard et al., 

1991); Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland et al., 1975); Islas 

Galápagos (Bernard, 1983). 

Mytilidae 

Lithophaga plumula (Hanley, 1843): Islas 

Revillagigedo (Holguín Quiñones, 1994); Isla del 

Coco (Bernard et al., 1991); Isla de Malpelo 

(Birkeland et al., 1975); Islas Galápagos (Soot- 

Ryen, 1955). 

Lithophaga calyculata (Carpenter, 1857): Islas 

Revillagigedo (Strong & Hanna, 1930); Isla del 

Coco (Bernard et al., 1991); Islas Galápagos (Soot- 

Ryen, 1955). 

Septifer zeteki Hertlein & Strong, 1946: Islas 

Revillagigedo (Soot-Ryen, 1955); Isla del Coco 

(Bernard et al., 1991); Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland et 

al., 1975); Islas Galápagos (Bernard, 1983). 

Pteriidae 

Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley, 1856): Islas 

Revillagigedo (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 202839); Isla del 

Coco (Bernard et al., 1991); Isla de Malpelo (von 

Prahl, 1990); Islas Galápagos (Hertlein, 1937). 

Isognomonidae 

Isognomon janus Carpenter, 1857: Islas 

Revillagigedo (Bartsch & Rehder, 1939); Isla del 

Coco (Emerson, 1994); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & 

Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos (Bernard et al., 

1991). 

Isognomon recognitus (Mabille, 1895): Islas 


Coco (Biolley, 1907); Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland et 

al., 1975); Islas Galápagos (Bernard, 1983). 

Pinnidae 

Pinna rugosa Sowerby, 1835: Islas Galápagos 

(Angermeyer, 1971). 

Anomiidae 

Anomia peruviana d’Orbigny, 1846: Islas 

Revillagigedo, Isla del Coco (Bernard et al., 1991); 

Islas Galápagos (Soot-Ryen, 1932). 

Lucinidae 

Codakia distinguenda (Tryon, 1872): Rocas Alijos 

(McLean & Coan, 1996); Islas Revillagigedo 

(Strong & Hanna, 1930); Isla del Coco (Bernard et 

al., 1991); Islas Galápagos (Taviani, 1979). 

Ctena clarionensis Hertlein & Strong, 1946: Rocas 

Alijos (McLean & Coan, 1996); Islas Revillagigedo, 

type locality (Hertlein & Strong, 1946); Isla del 

Coco (Emerson, 1995). 

Condylocardiidae 

Condylocardia digueti Lamy, 1916: Rocas Alijos 

(McLean & Coan, 1996); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & 

Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos (Bernard, et al., 

1991). 

Semelidae 

Semele jamesi Coan, 1988: Rocas Alijos (McLean 

& Coan, 1996); Isla del Coco (Coan, 1988); Isla de 

Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos 

(Kaiser, 1997). 

Gastrochaenidae 

Gastrochaena ovata Sowerby, 1834: Islas 


Coco (J. Hertz & Kaiser, 1998b); Islas Galápagos, 

1/S-28/N, Atlantic (Bernard, 1983). 

GASTROPODA 

Scissurellidae 

Sinezona rimuloides (Carpenter, 1856): Islas 


Coco, Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); Islas 

Galápagos (Shasky, 1989a). 

Sinezona sp. 1 (Geiger, unpublished data): Isla del 

Coco (K.L. Kaiser Coll.). 

Scissurella kaiserae Geiger, 2006: Islas 

Revillagigedo, Isla del Coco, Isla de Malpelo 

(Geiger, 2006); Islas Galápagos, as Scissurella 

(Scissurella) sp. in Kaiser (1997); Panamic Province 

and offshore islands from 4/N to 28.5/N (Geiger, 

2006). 

Turbinidae 

Homalopoma clippertonense (Hertlein & Emerson, 

1953): Islas Revillagigedo (Keen, 1971). 

Littorinidae 

Littoraria pintado pullata (Carpenter, 1864): Islas 

Revillagigedo (González-Nakagawa & Nava, 1986); 

Isla del Coco (Reid, 1999); Isla de Malpelo (Reid & 

Kaiser, 2001).


Nodilittorina modesta (Philippi, 1846): Islas 

Revillagigedo (Hertlein & Strong, 1930); Isla del 

Coco (Bakus, 1975); Islas Galápagos (Finet, 1985). 

Rissoidae 

Rissoina stricta Menke, 1850: Islas Revillagigedo 

(Strong & Hanna, 1930); Isla del Coco (Reid, 

1999); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); 

Islas Galápagos (Finet, 1985). 

Barleeidae 

Barleeia cf. bifasciata (Carpenter, 1857): Isla del 

Coco, Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001). 

Caecidae 

Fartulum cf. glabriforme (Carpenter, 1857): Isla del 

Coco, Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001). 

Vermetidae 

Eualetes cf. tulipa (Chenu, 1843). 

Cerithiidae 

Cerithium maculosum Kiener, 1841: Islas 


Coco (Montoya, 1983); Islas Galápagos, as C. 

adustum [syn.] in Finet (1994). 

Planaxidae 

Fossarus cf. angulatus Carpenter, 1857: Isla del 

Coco (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 210421-210422); Isla de 


(Shasky, 1989a). 

Epitoniidae 

Epitonium emydonesus Dall, 1917: Islas Revillagigedo 

(K.L. Kaiser Coll. 201539); Isla de Malpelo, 

as E. acapulcanum Dall, 1917, in Kaiser & Bryce 

(2001); Islas Galápagos (Keen, 1971). 

Hipponicidae 

Hipponix antiquatus panamensis C.B. Adams, 1852: 

Islas Revillagigedo (Holguín-Quiñones, Mille- 

Pagaza & Pérez-Chi, 1992); Isla del Coco (Kaiser & 

Bryce, 2001); Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland et al., 

1975); Islas Galápagos (Wimmer, 1880; Keen & 

Coan, 1975). 

Pilosabia pilosa (Deshayes, 1832): Islas 


Coco (Montoya, 1983); Islas Galápagos (Hertlein, 

1937); tropical Atlantic and Hawaiian Islands (Kay, 

1979). 

Triviidae 

Trivia cherobia (Cate, 1979). 

Cypraeidae 

Erosaria albuginosa (Gray, 1825): Rocas Alijos 


(Strong & Hanna, 1930); Isla del Coco (Burgess, 

1985); Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland et al., 1975); 

Islas Galápagos (Wimmer, 1880). 

Luria isabellamexicana (Stearns, 1893): Islas 


Coco (Montoya, 1983); Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland 

et al., 1975); Islas Galápagos (Hoffstetter, 1954). 

Tonnidae 

Malea ringens (Swainson, 1822): Islas Revillagigedo 

(Emerson, 1994); Isla del Coco, Isla de Malpelo 

(Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos (Wimmer, 

1880). 

Cassidae 

Cypraecassis coarctata Sowerby, 1825: Islas 

Revillagigedo (Bautista-Romero et al., 1994); Islas 

Galápagos (Finet, 1985). 

Cypraecassis tenuis (Wood, 1828): Islas 


Coco (Shasky, 1989e); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & 

Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos (Reeve, 1848). 

Cerithiopsidae 

Cerithiopsis cf. eiseni Strong & Hertlein, 1939: Islas 

Galápagos (Hertlein & Strong, 1955). 

Cerithiopsis oaxacana Hertlein & Strong, 1951. 

Triphoridae 

Triphora dalli Bartsch, 1907: Islas Revillagigedo 

(K.L. Kaiser Coll. 202615-202619); Isla del Coco, 

Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); Islas 

Galápagos (Finet, 1985). 

Muricidae 

Hexaplex princeps (Broderip, 1833): Islas 

Revillagigedo, Isla del Coco (Kaiser, 2001); Isla de 

Malpelo (Birkeland et al., 1975); Islas Galápagos 

(Stearns, 1893). 

Attiliosa nodulosa (A. Adams, 1855): Isla del Coco 

(K.L. Kaiser Coll.). 

Favartia exigua (Broderip, 1833): Islas 

Revillagigedo (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 202621-202624). 

Pascula rufonotata (Carpenter, 1864): Rocas Alijos 

(McLean & Coan, 1996); Islas Revillagigedo, Isla 

del Coco, Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser, 2001); Islas 

Galápagos (Radwin & D’Attilio, 1972). 

Phyllocoma scalariformis (Broderip, 1833): Isla del 

Coco (Shasky, 1989e); Islas Galápagos (Keen, 1971). 

Mancinella speciosa (Valenciennes, 1832): Rocas 

Alijos (Kaiser, 2006); Islas Revillagigedo (Holquín- 

Quiñones, Mille-Pagaza & Pérez-Chi, 1992); Isla 

del Coco (Montoya, 1983); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser 

& Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos (Hertlein & 

Strong, 1955). 

Plicopurpura pansa (Gould, 1853): Islas 

Revillagigedo (Strong & Hanna, 1930); Isla del


Coco (Bakus, 1975); Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland et 

al., 1975); Islas Galápagos (Carpenter, 1857). 

Stramonita biserialis (Blainville, 1832): Islas 

Revillagigedo (Mille-Pagaza, Pérez-Chi & Holquín- 

Quiñones, 1994); Isla del Coco (Montoya, 1983); 


Galápagos (Keen, 1971). 

Tribulus planospira (Lamarck, 1822): Rocas Alijos 


(Strong & Hanna, 1930); Isla del Coco (Emerson & 

Old, 1964); Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland et al., 

1975); Islas Galápagos (Reeve, 1846). 

Coralliophila macleani Shasky, 1970: Islas 

Revillagigedo (Reyes-Bonilla, 1999); Isla del Coco, 

Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser, 2001). 

Coralliophila parva (E.A. Smith, 1877): Islas 

Revillagigedo (Emerson, 1995); Isla del Coco, Isla 

de Malpelo (Kaiser, 2001); Islas Galápagos 

(Bartsch & Rehder, 1939). 

Buccinidae 

Colubraria cf. lucasensis Strong & Hertlein, 1937: 

Isla del Coco (J. Hertz & Kaiser, 1998a); Islas 

Galápagos (Hertlein, 1937). 

Columbellidae 

Sincola gibberula (Sowerby, 1832): Islas 

Revillagigedo (Jung, 1989). 

Nassariidae 

Nassarius catallus (Dall, 1908): Islas Revillagigedo 

(Emerson, 1995); Isla del Coco (K.L. Kaiser 

Coll.); Islas Galápagos (Keen, 1971). 

Fasciolariidae 

Pleuroploca princeps (Sowerby, 1825): Isla del 

Coco (K.L. Kaiser Coll.); Isla de Malpelo 

(Birkeland et al., 1975); Islas Galápagos (Stearns, 

1893). 

Cysticidae 

Granulina cf. margaritula (Carpenter, 1857): Rocas 

Alijos (McLean & Coan, 1996); Islas Revillagigedo 

(Strong & Hanna, 1930); Islas Galápagos (Hertlein 

& Strong, 1955). 

Mitridae 

Mitra effusa Broderip, 1836: Islas Revillagigedo 

(K.L. Kaiser Coll.); Isla del Coco (Cernohorsky, 


Islas Galápagos (Keen, 1971). 

Mitra rupicola Reeve, 1844. 

Conidae 

Conus brunneus Wood, 1828: Islas Revillagigedo 

(Strong & Hanna, 1930); Isla del Coco (Biolley, 

1907); Islas Galápagos (Stearns, 1893). 

Conus diadema Sowerby, 1834: Islas Revillagigedo 

(Hanna, 1963); Isla del Coco (Montoya, 1983); Isla 

de Malpelo (Birkeland et al., 1975); Islas 

Galápagos (Hanna, 1963). 

Conus tiaratus Sowerby, 1833: Islas Revillagigedo 

(Villalobos, 1960); Isla del Coco (Montoya, 1983); 



Conus purpurascens Sowerby, 1833: Islas 


Coco (Montoya, 1983); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & 

Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos (Finet, 1985). 

Conus gradatus Wood, 1828: Isla del Coco 

(Montoya, 1983). 

Conus nux Broderip, 1833: Rocas Alijos (Kaiser, 

2006); Islas Revillagigedo (Strong & Hanna, 1930); 

Isla del Coco, Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 

2001); Islas Galápagos (Stearns, 1893). 

Turridae 

Clathurella rigida (Hinds, 1843): Islas 

Revillagigedo, Isla del Coco (Shasky, 1996); Isla de 



Kurtziella plumbea (Hinds, 1843): Isla del Coco 


Omalogyridae 

Omalogyra sp. 1: Islas Revillagigedo (K.L. Kaiser 

Coll. 202760); Isla del Coco (Shasky, 1989b); Isla 

de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); Islas 

Galápagos (Shasky, 1989b). 

Architectonicidae 

Heliacus mazatlanicus Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: Isla 

del Coco (SBMNH); Islas Galápagos (Robertson in 

Keen, 1971). 

Pyramidellidae 

Iselica kochi Strong & Hertlein, 1939. 

Pleurobranchidae 

Berthellina ilisima (Marcus & Marcus, 1967): Isla 

del Coco (Mulliner, 1993); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser 

& Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos (Bertsch, 1970). 

Umbraculidae 

Tylodina fungina Gabb, 1865: Rocas Alijos 


(Emerson, 1995); Isla del Coco (Mulliner, 1993); 

Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland et al., 1975); Islas 


Chromodorididae 

Hypselodoris ghiselini Bertsch, 1978: (Gosliner & 

Johnson, 1999).


Indo-Pacific Emigrant Species Known to Occur on the Mainland 

Indo-Pacific taxa that are known to occur at one or more oceanic islands of the tropical eastern Pacific as well as 

having emigrated to the west American mainland. 

BIVALVIA 

Mytilidae 

Leiosolenus laevigata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835): 


Galápagos (Kleeman, 1980); Panamá to Islas 

Galápagos, as Lithophaga hancocki in Keen (1971). 

Gryphaeidae 

Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758): Islas 

Revillagigedo (Holguín Quiñones, 1994); Isla del 

Coco (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); Isla de Malpelo 

(Birkland et al., 1975); Panamic Province (Harry, 

1985). 

Spondylidae 

Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby, 1847: Islas 

Revillagigedo (Skoglund, 2000); Isla del Coco 

(Bernard et al., 1991); Isla de Malpelo, Islas 

Galápagos, Golfo de Chiriquí (Panamá) (Skoglund, 

2000). 

GASTROPODA 

Phenacolepadidae 

Plesiothyreus cf. osculans (C.B. Adams, 1852): 

Islas Revillagigedo (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 202474); 

Isla del Coco, Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 

2001); Golfo de California to Panamá (Keen, 1971). 

Eulimidae 

Melanella dufresnei Bowdich, 1822: Isla 

Montuosa, Golfo de Chiriquí, Panamá (K.L. 

Kaiser Coll.). 

Hipponicidae 

Antisabia foliacea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835): west 

coast of the Americas (Kay, 1979). 

Naticidae 

Polinices simiae (Deshayes, in Deshayes & 

Edwards, 1838): Isla del Coco (Hollmann, 1996); 

Islas Galápagos (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 201986); Golfo 

de Chiriquí, Panamá (Chaney, 1996). 

Cypraeidae 

Monetaria caputserpentis caputserpentis (Linnaeus, 

1758): Isla del Coco (Shasky, 1983c); Islas 

Galápagos (Kay, 1991). 

Monetaria moneta (Linnaeus, 1758): Isla del Coco, 

Islas Galápagos (Hertlein, 1932); Golfo de Montijo, 

Panamá (Emerson, 1993). 

Talparia talpa (Linnaeus, 1758): Isla del Coco 

(Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); Panamá (Emerson, 

1983). 

Talostolida pellucens (Melvill, 1888), as Cypraea 

alisonae: Isla del Coco (Shasky, 1983a,b); Isla de 


(Burgess, 1985); Panamá (Robertson, 1976). 

Ranellidae 

Cymatium macrodon (Valenciennes, 1832): 

Islas Revillagigedo, as pileare in Emerson & Old 

(1963); Isla del Coco (Emerson & Old, 1964); 


Galápagos (Wimmer, 1880); mainland Central 

America, as pileare in Emerson & Old (1963). 

Bursidae 

Bursa granularis (Röding, 1798): Islas 

Revillagigedo (Emerson, 1991); Isla del Coco 

(Shasky, 1983c); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 

2001); Bahía Chamela, Jalisco, México (Emerson, 

1991). 

Muricidae 

Coralliophila neritoides (Lamarck, 1816):Islas 


Coco (Shasky, 1983c); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser, 

2001); Islas Galápagos (Keen, 1971); Isla 

Montuosa, Golfo de Chiriquí, Panamá (Kaiser, 

2002). 

Rhizochilus antipathum Steenstrup, 1850: Isla del 

Coco (Kaiser & C. Hertz, 2001); Cabo Haro, 

Sonora, México (Poorman, 1981). 

Quoyula madreporarum (Sowerby, 1834): Islas 

Revillagigedo (Emerson, 1983); Isla del Coco 

(Kaiser, 2001); Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland et al., 

1975); Islas Galápagos (Wimmer, 1880); México to 

Panamá (Robertson, 1976). 

Quoyula monodonta (Blainville, 1832): Islas 


Coco (K.L. Kaiser Coll.); Isla de Malpelo (von 

Prahl, 1990); recorded by Tryon from the Indian 

Ocean, Japan, and central Pacific (Tomlin, 1927). 

Conidae 

Conus chaldaeus (Röding, 1798): Isla del Coco 

(Shasky, 1989e); Islas Galápagos (Keen, 1971); 

mainland Costa Rica (Anders, 1978). 

Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758: Isla San Benedicto, 

Islas Revillagigedo (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 202725); 

Isla del Coco (Shasky, 1989e); Islas Galápagos


(Hertlein, 1937); Costa Rica (Keen, 1958). 

Conus tessulatus Born, 1778: Islas Revillagigedo, as 

C. edaphus in Dall (1910); Isla del Coco (Shasky, 

1989d); Islas Galápagos (Shasky, 1989a); México 

(Robertson, 1976). 

Turridae 

Microdaphne trichodes (Dall, 1919): Isla del Coco 

(Shasky, 1996a); Islas Galápagos (Hertlein & 

Strong, 1955); Golfo de California, México to Isla 

Gorgona, Colombia (McLean in Keen, 1971). 


Herviera gliriella (Melvill & Standen, 1896): Isla 

del Coco (Shasky, 1987b); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser 

& Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos (Shasky, 1989a); 

Golfo de California and Jalisco, México (Shasky, 

1987b). 

Aplysiidae 

Phestilla lugubris (Bergh, 1870): Islas 

Revillagigedo (pers. comm., A. Hermosillo, 2005); 

Isla de Malpelo, as P. panamica in Kaiser & Bryce 

(2001); Islas Galápagos, Baja California (México), 

Panamá (Gosliner, 1990). 

Indo-Pacific Emigrant Species at Clipperton Known to Occur Only On the Oceanic Islands of the Tropical 

Eastern Pacific 

Species that have emigrated from the tropical Indo-Pacific and have established populations as far east as one or more 

of the oceanic islands of the tropical eastern Pacific (unless otherwise noted they occur only at Clipperton). These 

taxa are not known from the west American mainland. 

BIVALVIA 

Pinnidae 

Streptopinna saccata (Linnaeus, 1758): Isla del 

Coco (Shasky, 1987b). 

Gryphaeidae 

Parahyotissa quercina (Sowerby, 1871): Isla de 

Malpelo, as Ostreidae sp. 5 in Kaiser & Bryce 

(2001). 

Lucinidae 

Codakia punctata (Linnaeus, 1758). 

Semelidae 

Rochefortina sandwichensis (Smith, 1885). 

GASTROPODA 

Fissurellidae 

Diodora granifera (Pease, 1861). 

Neritidae 

Nerita plicata Linnaeus, 1758. 

Littorinidae 

Littoraria coccinea (Gmelin, 1791): Isla del Coco 

(Reid & Kaiser, 2001). 

Littoraria undulata (Gray, 1839): Isla del Coco 

(Reid & Kaiser, 2001). 

Vermetidae 

Petaloconchus cf. keenae Hadfield & Kay, 1972. 

Dendropoma meroclista Hadfield & Kay, 1972. 

Dendropoma cf. platypus (Mörch, 1861). 

Cerithiidae 

Cerithium cf. atromarginatum Dautzenberg & 

Bouge, 1933. 

Cerithium echinatum Lamarck, 1822. 

Eulimidae 

Melanella cumingii (A. Adams, 1854). 

Melanella cf. exilis (Pease, 1863). 

Melanella inflexa (Pease, 1868). 

Melanella thaanumi (Pilsbry, 1917). 

Cypraeidae 

Erosaria helvola helvola (Linnaeus, 1758). 

Lyncina schilderorum (Iredale, 1939). 

Lyncina vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758). 

Mauritia depressa (Gray, 1824). 

Mauritia maculifera Schilder, 1932. 

Mauritia scurra (Gmelin, 1791). 

Bursidae 

Bursa asperrima (Dunker, 1862): Islas Galápagos 

(Emerson, 1991). 

Muricidae 

Pterynotus tripterus (Born, 1778). 

Maculotriton serriale (Deshayes, 1834). 

Drupa ricinus ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758): Islas 

Galápagos (Hertlein, 1937). 

Morula uva (Röding, 1798): Isla del Coco (Shasky, 

1989e). 

Nassa serta (Bruguière, 1789). 

Latiaxis tosanus Hirase, 1908. 

Reliquiaecava robillardi (Liénard, 1870): Isla del 

Coco (Shasky, 1989e); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser, 2001). 

Buccinidae 

Clivipollia fragarius (Wood, 1828): Isla del Coco 


Harpidae 

Harpa gracilis Broderip & Sowerby I, 1829.


Mitridae 

Mitra edentula Swainson, 1823. 

Mitra ferruginea Lamarck, 1811: Isla del Coco 

(Shasky, 1984); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 

2001). 

Mitra litterata Lamarck, 1811. 

Mitra papalis (Linnaeus, 1758): Isla del Coco 

(Shasky, 1989e). 

Terebridae 

Terebra crenulata (Linnaeus, 1758): Islas Revilla- 

gigedo (Bratcher & Burch in Keen, 1971); Isla del 

Coco (Montoya & Kaiser, 1988). 


Berthella martensi (Pilsbry, 1896): Islas Revillagigedo 

(pers. comm., A. Hermosillo, 2007). 

Dendrodorididae 

Dendrodoris albobrunnea Allen, 1933: Isla de 

Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001). 

Subulinidae (Pulmonata) 

Opeas oparanum (Pfeiffer, 1846). 

Tropical Eastern Pacific Inter-Island Endemic Species 

Clipperton species that are known to occur at two or more of the five oceanic island groups within the tropical eastern 

Pacific and are unknown elements in other geographic regions. 

GASTROPODA 

Fissurellidae 

Diodora cf. punctifissa McLean, 1970: Islas 

Revillagigedo (Emerson, 1995); Isla del Coco, Isla 

de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); Islas 

Galápagos, type locality (McLean, 1970a). 

Skeneidae 

Pachystremiscus solitarius (Hertlein & Allison, 

1968): Islas Revillagigedo (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 

202448); Isla del Coco, Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & 

Bryce, 2001). 

Turbinidae 

Eulithidium diantha McLean, 1970: Isla del Coco 

(Shasky, 1989c); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & 

Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos, type locality 

(McLean, 1970b). 

Barleeidae 

Lirobarleeia cf. nigrescens (Bartsch & Rehder, 

1939): Islas Galápagos, as Alvania galapagensis in 

Bartsch (1911). 

Elachisinidae 

Elachiscina sp. 1: Islas Revillagigedo (K.L. Kaiser 

Coll. 202503-202504); Isla del Coco (K.L. Kaiser 

Coll.); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001). 

Caecidae 

Fartulum sp. 1: Islas Revillagigedo = Fartulum sp. 

2 (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 202510); Isla de Malpelo = 

Fartulum sp. 2 in Kaiser & Bryce (2001). 

Cerithiidae 

Cerithium sp. 2: Isla del Coco (K.L. Kaiser Coll.). 

Epitoniidae 

Epitonium sp. 3: Islas Revillagigedo = Epitonium sp. 

1 (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 202538); Isla de Malpelo, 

as Epitonium sp. 1 in Kaiser & Bryce (2001). 

Muricidae 

Coralliophilinae sp. 1: Isla del Coco (K.L. Kaiser 

Coll.); Isla de Malpelo, as Coralliophilidae sp. 1 in 

Kaiser & Bryce (2001); Islas Galápagos (K.L. 

Kaiser Coll. 202102 [+]). 

Buccinidae 

Colubraria ochsneri Hertlein & Allison, 1968: 

Islas Revillagigedo (Chávez Hernández & Bretado 

Aguirre, 1990); Isla del Coco (J. Hertz & Kaiser, 

1998a); Isla de Malpelo (Birkeland et al., 1975); 

Islas Galápagos (Finet, 1985). 

Fasciolariidae 

Latirus socorroensis Hertlein & Strong, 1951: Islas 

Revillagigedo, type locality (Hertlein & Strong, 

1951). 

Tofanellidae 

Graphis sp. 1: Isla del Coco (K.L. Kaiser Coll.); 

Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001). 


Iselica sp. 1: Isla de Malpelo, as Iselica sp. 1 

(K.L. Kaiser Coll. 201675) in Kaiser & Bryce 

(2001). 

Odostomiinae sp. 1: Isla de Malpelo, as Odostomia 

sp. 4 (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 201686) in Kaiser & 

Bryce (2001). 

Orbitestellidae 

Orbitestella sp. 1: Islas Revillagigedo (K.L. 

Kaiser Coll. 202800); Isla del Coco (K.L. Kaiser 

Coll.); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001). 

Plakobranchidae 

Elysia sp. 1: Islas Revillagigedo as Elysia sp. 2 in 

Camacho-García et al. (2005).


POLYPLACOPHORA 

Ischnochitonidae 

Ischnochiton victoria Ferreira, 1987: Isla del Coco, 

type locality (Ferreira, 1987); Isla de Malpelo, as 

Ischnochiton sp. 1-4 in Kaiser & Bryce (2001). 

Circumtropical Species 

Clipperton species that are found in warm water masses circumglobally. Tropical eastern Pacific oceanic island 

records are noted. 

BIVALVIA 

Malleidae 

Malleus regulus (Forskål, 1775): Islas 


Coco (Shasky, 1986); Islas Galápagos (Finet, 

1985); cosmopolitan in warm water 9ºN-23ºN 

(Bernard, 1983). 

Pectinidae 

Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791): a deep-water 

species that occurs nearly worldwide (Grau, 1959). 

Pholadidae 

Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758): occurs in the 

tropical and subtropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans 

(Keen, 1971). 

GASTROPODA 

Epitoniidae 

Epitonium billeeanum (DuShane & Bratcher, 1965): 

Islas Revillagigedo (K.L. Kaiser Coll. 202534- 

202537); Isla del Coco (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); Isla 

de Malpelo (Birkeland et al., 1975); Islas 

Galápagos (DuShane & Bratcher, 1965); Indo- 

Pacific (DuShane, 1985); Red Sea and Madagascar 

(Oliverio et al., 1997). 

Janthinidae 

Janthina globosa Blainville, 1822: Islas 

Revillagigedo (Emerson, 1995); throughout the 

tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (Keen, 1971). 

Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758): Islas 


Coco (K.L. Kaiser Coll.); Islas Galápagos (Finet, 

1985); throughout the warmer parts of the Pacific 

and Atlantic Oceans (Keen, 1971). 

Atlantidae 

Atlanta fusca Souleyet, 1852. 

Atlanta cf. gaudichaudi Souleyet, 1852: Isla de 

Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001). 

Atlanta inclinata Souleyet, 1852. 

Atlanta cf. inflata Souleyet, 1852: Isla de Malpelo 

(Kaiser & Bryce, 2001). 

Atlanta cf. peroni Lesueur, 1817: Isla de Malpelo 

(Kaiser & Bryce, 2001). 

Atlanta turriculata d’Orbigny, 1836: Isla del Coco 

(K.L. Kaiser Coll.); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & 

Bryce, 2001). 

Oxygyrus keraudrenii (Lesueur, 1817): Isla del 

Coco (K.L. Kaiser Coll.); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser 

& Bryce, 2001). 

Carinariidae 

Pterosoma cf. planum (Lesson, 1827). 

Pterotracheidae 

Firoloida desmaresti Lesueur, 1817. 

Ranellidae 

Cymatium nicobaricum (Röding, 1798): Isla del 

Coco (Shasky, 1984); Islas Galápagos (Kay, 1991); 

Indo-west Pacific, east and west Atlantic (Beu, 1985). 

Aglajidae 

Navanax aenigmaticus (Bergh, 1894): Islas 

Revillagigedo (pers. comm., A. Hermosillo, 


Islas Galápagos (Gosliner, 1980); southern México 

to Chile, Caribbean, and Ghana (Gosliner, 1980). 

Cavoliniidae 

Cavolinia cf. tridentata (Niebuhr, 1775): Isla del 

Coco (K.L. Kaiser Coll.); Islas Galápagos (Keen, 

1971); warm-water circumglobal species, with a 

west Pacific distribution from 40°N to 40°S (Bé & 

Gilmer, 1977). 

Cavolinia uncinata (Rang, 1829): Isla del Coco 

(Mulliner, 1993); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 

2001); worldwide (45°N to 40°S) (Abbott, 1974). 

Diacria cf. quadridentata quadridentata (Blainville, 

1821): Isla del Coco (Mulliner, 1993); Isla de 


(Shasky, 1989a); warm-water circumglobal (Bé & 


Creseis cf. acicula (Rang, 1828): Isla del Coco 

(Mulliner, 1993); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 

2001); circumglobal between 45°N and 40°S (Bé & 


cf. Hyalocylis striata (Rang, 1828): Widely 

distributed in warm seas (Keen, 1971).


Limacinidae 

Limacina inflata (d’Orbigny, 1836): Rocas Alijos 

(McLean & Coan, 1996); Isla del Coco (Mulliner, 


Islas Galápagos (Kaiser, 1997); circumglobal in 

tropical and subtropical regions of all oceans (Bé & 


Limacina bulimoides (d’Orbigny, 1836): Isla del 

Coco (Mulliner, 1993); circumglobal warm-water 

region including the Pacific Ocean from 40°N and 

40°S (Bé & Gilmer, 1977). 

Limacina trochiformis (d’Orbigny, 1836): Isla del 

Coco (Mulliner, 1993); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & 

Bryce, 2001); circumglobal warm-water region 

including the Pacific Ocean from 40°N and 40°S 

(Bé & Gilmer, 1977). 

Aplysiidae 

Stylocheilus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824): Islas 

Revillagigedo (Mille-Pagaza, Pérez-Chi & 

Holquín-Quiñones, 1994); Islas Galápagos 

(Shasky, 1989a); circumtropical (Behrens & 

Hermosillo, 2005). 


Pleurobranchus areolatus Mörch, 1863: Isla del 

Coco (Mulliner, 1993); Isla de Malpelo (Kaiser & 

Bryce, 2001); Islas Galápagos (Sphon & Mulliner, 

1972); Santa Barbara, California, throughout the 

Golfo de California, México, to Colombia; 

Caribbean and tropical west Africa (Bertsch & 

Smith, 1973). 

Plakobranchidae 

Elysia flava Verrill, 1901: Indo-Pacific and 

Carribean (pers. comm., T.M. Gosliner, 2007). 

Dendrodorididae 

Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1855). 

Aeolidiidae 

Anteaeolidiella indica (Bergh, 1888): Islas 

Revillagigedo (pers. comm., A. Hermosillo, 2005); 

Islas Galápagos (Debelius, 1996); circumtropical 

including México (Gosliner & Griffiths, 1981). 

Embletoniidae 

Embletonia gracilis Risbec, 1928. 

Resident (Endemic) Species 

Species that were described from Île Clipperton and are still known only to occur at Clipperton. 

BIVALVIA 

Lucinidae 

Ctena clippertonensis Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 

(endemic, pers. comm., E.V. Coan, 2006). 

Chamidae 

Chama rubropicta Bartsch & Rehder, 1939. 

GASTROPODA 


Chrysallida limbaughi (Hertlein & Allison, 1968). 

Turbonilla clippertonensis Hertlein & Allison, 1968. 

Succineidae (Pulmonata) 

Succinea atollica Hertlein & Allison, 1968. 

Western Atlantic Ocean Species Occurring in the Tropical Eastern Pacific 

Species that have faunal affinities to the western Atlantic Ocean and occur at Clipperton. 

GASTROPODA 

Bursidae 

Bursa corrugata corrugata (Perry, 1811). Islas 

Revillagigedo (González-Nakagawa & Sánchez 

Nava, 1986); Isla del Coco (Montoya, 1983); Isla 

de Malpelo (Kaiser & Bryce, 2001); southeast 

Florida to Brazil; Bermuda; Baja California, 

México to Ecuador (Abbott, 1974). 

Architectonicidae 

Heliacus infundibuliformis perrieri (Rochebrune, 

1881): Islas Galápagos (Hickman & Finet, 1999); 

western America (Bieler, 1993); Sinaloa, México 

to Golfo de Chiriquí, Panamá (Robertson in Keen, 

1971).


APPENDIX 4: BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON 1994, 1998, 2005, 2007 

CLIPPERTON EXPEDITIONS WITH MAP OF COLLECTING STATIONS 

The following four expeditions were especially undertaken to do scientific research, photography, and 

particularly on my part, to collect mollusks. 

Expedition Organizers: Kirstie L. Kaiser and John D. 

Jackson 

Dates: 7 April 1994 – 7 May 1994 

Route of Expedition: San Diego, California, USA – 

Isla Guadalupe, México – Isla San Benedicto, Islas 

Revillagigedo, México – Isla Roca Partida, Islas 

Revillagigedo, México – Île Clipperton – Isla 

Clarión, Islas Revillagigedo, México – Cabo San 

Lucas, Baja California Sur, México (disembark 

Expedition members) – San Diego, California 

Expedition Vessel: M/V ROYAL STAR (San Diego, 

California); 92 ft length, 25 ft beam (Figure 22) 

Owners: Frank Lo Preste and Ted Dunn of Lo Preste 

Dunn Sportfishing, Inc., San Diego, California 

Captain: Tim Ekstrom 

EXPEDITION PARTICIPANTS: 

Kirstie L. Kaiser, SBMNH and LACM Associate 

(mollusks) 

Henry W. Chaney, SBMNH, Curator of mollusks 

Michael Small, SBMNH, Associate (mollusks) 

Martin N. Beals, SBMNH, Associate (mollusks) 

Charles W. Waters, SBMNH, Associate (mollusks) 

D. Ross Robertson, STRI, Panamá, Biologist/ 

Ichthyologist (fishes) 

Gerald R. Allen, WAM, Ichthyologist (fishes) 

Robert J. Van Syoc, CAS, Marine Biologist 

(invertebrates) 

Ronald H. McPeak, CAS, Associate, Marine Biologist 

(invertebrates) 

J.E.N. (Charlie) Veron, AIMS, Research Scientist (stony 

corals) 

Peter W. Glynn, RSMAS, U of M, Professor (corals) 

Gerard M. Wellington, U of H, Biology Professor 

(corals) 

CLIPPERTON 1994 EXPEDITION 

Figure 22. The M/V ROYAL STAR at Clipperton. 

Photo: Courtesy of Tim Ekstrom. 

Andrew R. Zimmerman, U of T, Port Aransas, 

Marine Geochemist (corals) 

David A. Mucciarone, RU, Marine Geologist (corals) 

Braddock K. Linsley, RU, Research Geologist (corals) 

Robert Houston, RU, student (corals) 

Richard Herrmann, photographer 

James Black, photographer 

Peter Pilafian, cameraman (Documentary POV for 

Robert Amram) 

Lance Milbrand, videographer 

Maris Kazmers, Shark Song Photography 

E. Theodore Rulison, Jr., video cameraman for 

Clipperton 1994 Expedition 

Expedition Diving Officers: Ronald H. McPeak and 

James Black 

Expedition Medical Doctor: Maris Kazmers, M.D. 

Expedition Trawling Logistics: David K. Mulliner


SMITHSONIAN 1998 CLIPPERTON EXPEDITION 

Expedition Organizer: D. Ross Robertson, Ph.D., 

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá 

Dates: 17 April – 10 May 1998 

Route of Expedition: Vessel arrived from Panamá to 

board Expedition members at Acapulco, Guerrero, 

México – Île Clipperton – Acapulco, Guerrero, 

México – returned to Panamá 

Expedition Vessel: R/V URRACÁ, Washington D.C., 

31 m length, 6.8 m beam (stationed at STRI, 

República de Panamá) (Figure 23) 

Owner: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, a 

bureau of the Smithsonian Institution 

Captain: John Gall 


Chief Scientist: D. Ross Robertson, STRI 

Biologist/Ichthyologist 

Kirstie L. Kaiser, SBMNH and LACM, Associate 

(mollusks) 

John L. Earle, BPBM (fishes) 

Kenneth Clifton, STRI (fishes) 

Stephen Swearer, UCSB (fishes) 

Jennifer Caselle, UCSB (fishes) 

Juan L. Maté T., U of M (corals) 

Expedition Diving Officer: Michael Lang, Smithsonian 

Institution (cephalopods) 

Figure 23. The Smithsonian’s R/V URRACÁ at Clipperton. Photo: D. Ross Robertson, taken in April 1998.


JEAN-LOUIS ETIENNE EXPÉDITION CLIPPERTON, DECEMBER 2004 - APRIL 2005 

Expedition Organizer: Jean-Louis Etienne, Ph.D., 

Septième Continent 

Dates: December 2004 – April 2005 (land-based on 

Clipperton) 

Route of Expedition: Vessel arrived from France to 

board Expedition members and guests at Acapulco, 

Guerrero, México – Île Clipperton – Acapulco, 

Guerrero, México. Rotations were done every three 

weeks including seven days of transport. 

Expedition Vessel: M/S RARA AVIS (Brest, France); 

three masted schooner, 38 m (Figure 24) 

Owner: Père Jaouen, France 

Captain: Simone Rigal 

EXPEDITION PARTICIPANTS FOR ROTATION 

13 January through 1 February 2005 

Chief Technical Engineer: Camille Fresser, Septième 

Continent 

Chief Medical Officer: Jean-Michel Bompar, M.D. 

Chief Scientist: Jean-Marie Bouchard, Septième 

Continent/MNHN 

Chief Diving Officer: Jean-Claude Brive 

Kirstie L. Kaiser, SBMNH and LACM, Research 

Associate (mollusks) 

Stéphane Hourdez, CNRS-Station Biologique de 

Roscoff (physiology of deep-water organisms, worms) 

Laurent Albenga, MNHN, scientific diver 

La.titia Dugrais, MNHN, scientific diver 

Mathieu Le Corre, U de la Réunion (physiology of birds) 

Henry Wiemerskirch, CNRS (taxonomy of birds) 

Roger Swaintson, Freemantle, Western Australia, 

scientific illustrator 

Expedition Chef: Eric Rives 

Guests (24 hour stay on Clipperton): French journalists 

(5) plus Coralie Jugan (attachée de presse, Septième 

Continent); Marc Guijarro and Bernard Ronot (Gaz de 

France); Danielle and Jean-Claude Besudo, Bogotá, 

Colombia 

Figure 24. The French motor schooner RARA AVIS moored at her permanent site on the southwest side of Clipperton. 

Photo: Camille Fresser, taken on 17 January 2005 at 7:05 pm.


Expedition Organizers: Mike Lever and Roberto 

Chávez Arce 

Dates: 10 – 26 April 2007 

Route of Expedition: Vessel boarded Expedition 

members at San Jose del Cabo, Baja California Sur, 

México – Isla San Benedicto – Isla Socorro, Islas 

Revillagigedo, México – Île Clipperton – Roca 

Partida, Islas Revillagigedo, México – Cabo San 

Lucas, Baja California Sur, México 

Expedition Vessel: M/V NAUTILUS EXPLORER 

(Vancouver, Canada); 116 ft. (Figure 25) 

Owners: Mike Lever, Mary Ann Lever, Judith 

Flemming, Vancouver, Canada 

Captain: Mike Lever 

Second Captain: William Frowd 

Chief Officer: Aaron Dickson 

Chief Technical Engineer: Bob Crawford 

Chief Diving Officer: Sten Johansson 

Divemasters/Deck Crew: Tim Courtier, Sandy Curtis 

Expedition Chef: Enrique Aguilar Loaica 

Hostesses: Lauren Mitchell, Nara Crawford 


Kirstie L. Kaiser, SBMNH and LACM, Research 

Associate (mollusks) 

Alicia Hermosillo, U of Guadalajara (CUC) 

(opisthobranchs) 

EXPEDITION ÎLE CLIPPERTON 2007 

Pedro Medina Rosas, U of Guadalajara (CUC) (corals) 

Jeffrey Bozanic (Island Caves Research Center), 

Huntington Beach, California 

Roberto Chávez Arce (co-organizer, videographer), 

Guadalajara, México 

Mary Lynn Price (Expedition videographer), San 

Diego, California 

Harry L. Donenfeld (videographer), Maui, Hawaii 

Richard J. Laub (videography), Newport Beach, 

California 

Chris Grossman (photography), Los Angeles, 

California 

Jeff Mondragon (photography), Juneau, Alaska 

Steve Clark (photography), Phoenix, Arizona 

Jim Stringer (photography), Vancouver, Washington 

Elaine Jobin (photography), Alta Loma, California 

Robert Goren (videography), Los Angeles, California 

Mary Munch (photography), San Jose, California 

John Munch (photography), San Jose, California 

Bill McCarty (photography), Santa Barbara, California 

Antonio Villasante, Puerto Vallarta, México 

Margarita Torres, Puerto Vallarta, México 

Maria Lourdes (Belin) Villasante, Guadalajara, 

México 

Alberto Manuel Paillaud, Guadalajara, México 

Manuel Morales, Puerto Vallarta, México 

Janet Davies (photography), Vienna, Austria 

Figure 25. The M/V NAUTILUS EXPLORER anchored on the southwest side of Clipperton. 

Photo: Mary Lynn Price, taken on 17 April 2007.


Figure 26. Collecting localities for the four Clipperton Expeditions. 

Collecting localities are approximate. Map courtesy of H.W. Chaney and P. Medina Rosas.


Plates 1 through 43 with Figure Legends


Plate 1 

Figure 1a Acar gradata (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’17”N, 109°12’01”W), live, attached with byssus to underside of dead Porites sp., 15 m (50 

ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-15-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 19 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201221. Size: 

20.2 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 1b, 1c Acar gradata (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’09”N, 109°14’00”W) SW side, beach terrace, live, H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. H.W. Chaney, diving 

from M/V Royal Star, 17 Apr. 1994, intertidal to 1 m, reef terrace, under rubble. SBMNH 353524. Size: 21.1 mm. 

Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 2a, 2b Barbatia reeveana (d’Orbigny, 1846). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.490’N, 109°13.566’W) S side, single valve, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, 15-51 m 

(50-167 ft), H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-021-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 27 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 

210382. Size: 13.0 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b Barbatia sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’04”N, 109°12’46”W) S-SE side, live, attached with byssus in crevices on underside of dead 

coral head, 18 m (60 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-6-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr.- 5 May 1998. 

KLK Coll. 201229. Size: 4.5 mm (SEMs by D. L. Geiger). Byssus showing in image 3b. 

Figure 4 Barbatia sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’06”N, 109°14’08”W), right valve, shakings of dead coral, 12-15 m (40-50 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-17-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 19 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201232. Size: 4.6 mm (SEM by D. 

L. Geiger).


Plate 1 

1a 

1b 1c 

3a 

2a 

3b 

2b 

4


Plate 2 

Figure 1 Philobrya sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W) N end, single valve, shakings of dead coral, 14-27 m (46-95 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-16-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 30 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201233. Size: 4.0 mm. Photograph 

by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 2 Lithophaga plumula (Hanley, 1844). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, live, tangle net, boring in coralline algae (lithothamnion 

nodules, 4-10 cm), 63 m (206 ft), leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-2-98), R/V Urracá, 04 May 1998. KLK Coll. 201235. Size: 

5.0 mm. Valves are cracked. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d Lithophaga calyculata (Carpenter, 1857). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, empty shell, tangle net, boring in coralline algae (lithothamnion 

nodules, 4-10 cm), 63 m (206 ft), leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-2-98), R/V Urracá, 4 May 1998. KLK Coll. 


Figures 4a, 4b Leiosolenus laevigata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1853). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’52”N, 109°12’27”W) N-NE side, live, boring in coral mass, 8-21 m (25-70 ft), H 2 O 83°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201240. Size: 42.8 mm. Photographs by P. 

Sadeghian. 

Figure 5 Septifer zeteki Hertlein & Strong, 1946. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’17”N, 109°12’01”W), empty shell, dead Porites sp., shakings, 15 m (50 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-15-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 19 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201236. Size: 2.5 mm (SEM by 

D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 6a, 6b Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley, 1856). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’46”N, 109°12’00”W), live, attached with byssus to turnable dead coral, 8-14 m (25-46 ft), 

H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-32-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 25 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201253. Size: 52.0 

mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian.


1 

6a 

3a 

4a 

3c 

Plate 2 

5 

3d 

3b 

4b 

6b 

2


Plate 3 

Figure 1 Isognomon janus Carpenter, 1857. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.282’N, 109°12.025’W) SE side, live, diving from M/V Royal Star, leg. H.W. Chaney, 17-26 

Apr. 1994, SCUBA, 10-20 m (33-66 ft), reef slopes, dead coral rubble, H 2 O 83-84°F. SBMNH 353418 (wet coll.). 

Size: 61 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 2a Isognomon recognitus (Mabille, 1895). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, live, tangle net, attached with byssus to coral rubble, 63 m 

(206 ft), leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-2-98), R/V Urracá, 04 May 1998. KLK Coll. 201267. Size: 22.5 mm. Photographs 


Figures 2b, 2c Isognomon recognitus (Mabille, 1895). 

Close up of hinge area of specimen Figure 2a. 

Figure 3 Malleus regulus (Forskäl, 1775). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’41”N, 109°12’34”W), empty shell, in coral heads, 12-21 m (40-69 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser (ICF-1-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 14 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201278. Size: 12.2 mm. Photograph by P. 

Sadeghian. 

Figures 4a, 4b Malleus regulus (Forskäl, 1775). 

Île Clipperton, (10°16’56”N, 109°12’53”W) S-SE end, live, in crevice of dead coral head, 11-15 m (35-50 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-4-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201276. Size: 11.9 mm. Photographs 


Figure 5 Streptopinna saccata (Linnaeus, 1758). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.310’N, 109°12.191’W), live, attached by byssus in crevice of dead coral heads, 13 m (43 

ft), H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-002-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 17 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210399. 

Size: 130 mm. Photograph by Laurent Albenga. 

Figure 6 Pinna rugosa Sowerby, 1835. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’17”N, 109°11’52”W), juvenile, empty shell, dead Pocillopora sp. shakings, 12-15 m (40-50 

ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-12-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 18 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201247. Size: 

4.3 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian.


4a 

1 

2b 

5 

Plate 3 

3 

2c 

2a 

4b 

6


Plate 4 

Figure 1 Ostrea sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’41”N, 109°12’34”W), live, on dead coral sp., 8-11 m (26-36 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser 

(ICF-2-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 14 Apr.1994. KLK Coll. 201298. Size: 20.0 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 2a, 2b Ostrea sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.282’ N,109°12.025’ W) SE side, live, SCUBA, 10-20 m (33-66 ft), reef slopes, dead coral 

rubble, diving from M/V Royal Star, H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. H.W. Chaney, 17-26 Apr. 1994. SBMNH 353520. Photographs 


Figures 3a, 3b, 3c Ostrea sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’04”N, 109°12’46”W) S-SE corner, empty shell on coral, under dead coral heads, 12-31 m 

(40-100 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-6-98), R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201304. Size: 21.6 mm. 


Figures 4a, 4b, 4c Ostrea sp. 3. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’09”N, 109°13’08”W), live, attached to turnable dead coral, 12-15 m (40-50 ft), H 2 O 83°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-20-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 20 Apr.1994. KLK Coll. 201308. Size: 31.5 mm. Photographs 


Figures 5a, 5b Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’35”N, 109°12’01”W) E end center, live, attached to live coral, 38 m (125 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-16-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 4 May 1998. KLK Coll. 201405. Size: 220.0 mm. Photographs 


Figure 6a Parahyotissa quercina (Sowerby, 1871). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.282’N,109°12.025’W) SE side, live, SCUBA, 5 m (16 ft), reef slopes, dead coral rubble, 

diving from M/V Royal Star, H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. H.W. Chaney, 17 Apr. 1994. SBMNH 80361. Photograph by P. 

Sadeghian. 

Figure 6b Parahyotissa quercina (Sowerby, 1871). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’08”N, 109°14’06”W), live, attached to underside of coral on slope, 12-15 m (40-50 ft), H 2 O 

83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-21-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 20 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201296. Size: 49.4 mm. 

Photograph by P. Sadeghian.


4a 

3c 

5a 

1 2a 

4b 

4c 

Plate 4 

2b 

5b 

3b 

6a 

3c 

6b 

3a


Plate 5 

Figures 1a, 1b Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’45”N, 109°14’37”W) NW corner, live, 113 m (371 ft), sand substrate and living on brown hydroid 

sp., leg. K.L. Kaiser, D.R. Robertson, et al. (ICF-13-98), trawled from R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 


Figures 2a, 2b Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby, 1847. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’41”N, 109°12’02’W) E side, live, attached to underside of dead coral head, 14-27 m (46-90 

ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-17-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. - 5 May 1998. KLK Coll. 201415. 

Size: 75.0 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b Codakia distinguenda (Tryon, 1872). 

Île Clipperton, lagoon (10°17.524’N, 109°12.525’W), empty shell in fine silt, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-020-05), Jean- 

Louis Etienne Expedition, 26 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210019. Size: 57.4 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 4a, 4b Codakia punctata (Linnaeus, 1758). 

Île Clipperton, lagoon (10°17.524’N, 109°12.525’W), empty shell in fine silt, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-020-05), Jean- 


Figures 5a, 5b Ctena clarionensis Hertlein & Strong, 1946. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’07”N, 109°13’55”W), empty shell, sand pockets with coral rubble and Porites spp. heads, 

14-19 m (46-62 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-9-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 17 Apr.1994. KLK Coll. 


Figure 5c Ctena clarionensis Hertlein & Strong, 1946. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’22”N, 109°13’38”W), live, juvenile, using suction among coral heads and sand. H 2 O 80- 

82°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser, et. al. (ICF-016JLE-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 19 Jan. 2005, 55 m (180 ft). KLK 

Coll. 210006. Size: 1.0 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 6a, 6b Ctena clippertonensis Bartsch & Rehder, 1939. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’41”N, 109°12’34”W), live, turnable dead coral and coral rock in silty sand, snorkeling, 0-1 m 

(0-3 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-38-94), M/V Royal Star, 16 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201327. Size: 11.3 mm. 

Photographs by P. Sadeghian.


5c 

5a 

1a 

3a 

1b 

3b 

5b 

Plate 5 

2a 2b 

4a 

6a 

4b 

6b


Plate 6 

Figures 1a, 1b, 1c Condylocardia digueti Lamy, 1916. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.22’N, 109°13.38’W) N side, valve, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, suction, 55 m (180 

ft), H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. Bouchard, Albenga, Dugrais (ICF-018JLE-05), Jean-Louis Eienne Expedition, 20 Jan. 2005. 

KLK Coll. 210408. Size: 1.0 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 2a, 2b Chama rubropicta Bartsch & Rehder, 1939. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.001’N, 109°13.900’W) SW side, live, on coral head, snorkel, 1m (3 ft), H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-005-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 19 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210035. Size: 22.7 mm. Photographs 


Figure 3 Chama rubropicta Bartsch & Rehder, 1939. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’07”N, 109°14’07”W), empty shell, H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-10-94), diving from 

M/V Royal Star, 17 Apr.1994, 14-18 m (46-59 ft), among coral and rubble pockets. KLK Coll. 201352. Size: 16.7 

mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 4 Chama rubropicta Bartsch & Rehder, 1939. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’46”N, 109°12’00”W) SE corner, live, attached to turnable dead coral, 8-14 m (26-46 ft), H 2 O 


Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 5a, 5b Chama sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’45”N, 109°14’37”W) NW corner, live, 113 m (371 ft), sand and brown hydroid sp., H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser, D.R. Robertson, et al. (ICF-13-98), trawled from R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 


Figures 5c, 5d Chama sp. 1. 




Figure 6 Chama sp. 1. 



201379. Size: 31.2 mm (cluster). Photograph by P. Sadeghian.


1a 1b 

2a 

5a 

5c 

Plate 6 

2b 

5b 

3 

5d 

4 

1c 

6


Plate 7 

Figures 1a, 1b, 1c Semele jamesi Coan, 1988. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.490’N, 109°13.566’W) S side, right valve, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, shakings, 51 

m (167 ft), H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-021-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 27 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 

210411. Size: 3.6 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 2a Rochefortina sandwichensis (Smith, 1885). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.727’N, 109°12.235’W) NE side, right valve, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, shakings, 

13-14 m (43-46 ft), H 2 O 78-80°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-016-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 24 Jan. 2005. 

KLK Coll. 210006. Size: 4.5 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 2b Rochefortina sandwichensis (Smith, 1885). 

SEM showing the prodisoconch of specimen in Figure 2a (SEM by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 2c Rochefortina sandwichensis (Smith, 1885). 

SEM showing the hinge of specimen in Figure 2a (SEM by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 2d, 2e Rochefortina sandwichensis (Smith, 1885). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.727’N, 109°12.235’W) NE side, left and right valve, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, 

shakings, 13-14 m (43-46 ft), H 2 O 78-80°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-016-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 24 Jan. 

2005. KLK Coll. 210006. Size: 4.5 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 2f Rochefortina sandwichensis (Smith, 1885). 

SEM showing the sculpture of specimen in Figure 2e (SEM by D.L. Geiger).


2b 

1a 

2a 

Plate 7 

2e 

1b 

2d 

1c 

2c 

2f


Plate 8 

Figures 1a, 1b, 1c Gastrochaena ovata Sowerby, 1834. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.533’N, 109°13.617’W), live, boring in coral head, 32 m (105 ft), H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser, et. al. (ICF-002JLE-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 07 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210025. Size: 16.6 mm. 


Figure 2 Gastrochaena ovata Sowerby, 1834. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’41”N, 109°12’34”W), empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, 8-11 m (26-36 ft), H 2 O 84°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-2-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 14 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201384 (specimen in bore hole 

of coral). Size: ~ 8.5 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b Teredinidae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.293’N, 109°12.009’W) SE corner, live, boring in beach drift log, intertidal, leg. K.L. Kaiser 

and S. Hourdez (ICF-003-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 18 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210016. Size: 7.2 mm. Photographs 

by P. Sadeghian.


1a 

Plate 8 

1b 

1c 2 

3a 3b


Plate 9 

Figures 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d Sinezona sp. 1 Geiger, ms. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.219’N, 109°13.394’W) W side, 10-38 m (33-125 ft), shakings, H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser 

(IFC-006-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 19 Jan. 2005, KLK Coll. 210047. Size: 0.54 mm (SEMs by D.L. 

Geiger). 

Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d Scissurella kaiserae Geiger, 2006. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.280'N, 109°11.860’W), 12-15 m (39-49 ft), dead Pocillopora sp. shakings, leg. K.L. Kaiser, 

diving from M/V Royal Star, 18 Apr. 1994, KLK Coll. 210110. Size: 0.49 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger).


1a 

1c 1d 

2a 

2c 

Plate 9 

1b 

2b 

2d


Plate 10 

Figures 1a, 1b Emarginula sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.757’N, 109°12.029’W) NE side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, shakings, 



Figures 2a, 2b Emarginula sp. 2. 




Figures 3a, 3b Diodora granifera (Pease, 1861). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’10”N, 109°13’15”W), live (with dried animal), on underside of dead Pocillopora sp. coral, 

11-17 m (36-56 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-4-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 15 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 


Figures 4a, 4b Diodora cf. punctifissa McLean, 1970. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’01”N, 109°12’47”W), live, turnable dead coral heads, 12-16 m (39-52 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-31-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 24 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200528. Size: 11.5 mm. Photographs 


Figure 5 Diodora cf. punctifissa McLean, 1970. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.22’N, 109°13.38’W) SW side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, manual, 55 

m (180 ft), H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. Bouchard, Albenga, Dugrais (ICF-016JLE-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 19 

Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210034. Size: 11.6 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian.


3a 

1b 

3b 

1a 

Plate 10 

4a 

2b 

4b 

2a 

5


Plate 11 

Figure 1 Pachystremiscus solitarius Hertlein & Allison, 1968. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W) N side, live, shakings of dead coral, 14-27 m (46-89 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-16-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 02 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200537. Size: 0.73 mm (SEM by D.L. 

Geiger). Operculum showing in aperture. 

Figures 2a, 2b Pachystremiscus solitarius Hertlein & Allison, 1968. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.219’N, 109°13.394’W) W side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, shakings, 



Figures 3a, 3b Pachystremiscus sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’23”N, 109°14’22”W) NW side, empty shell, coral rubble and sand, 91 m (300 ft), H 2 O 83- 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-40-94), dredging from M/V Royal Star inflatable, 23 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200540. 

Size: 0.53 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figures 4a, 4b Pachystremiscus sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’17”N, 109°12’01”W), empty shell, dead Porites sp. shakings, 15 m (50 ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-15-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 19 Apr.1994. KLK Coll. 200541. Size: 0.69 mm (SEMs by 

D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 5a, 5b cf. Eulithidium diantha McLean, 1970. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’41”N, 109°12’02”W) E side, empty shell, shakings of dead coral, 14-27 m (46-89 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-17-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 02 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200542. Size: 0.7 mm 

(SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture.


5a 

4a 

1 

3a 

2b 

Plate 11 

5b 

2a 

4b 

3b 

6b 

6a


Plate 12 

Figures 1a, 1b Nerita plicata Linnaeus, 1758. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.16’N, 109°12.45’W) SE corner, live, beach terrace, intertidal on coral rock, leg. K.L. Kaiser 

(ICF-12-98), R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200543. Size: 20.8 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 2a, 2b, 2c Plesiothyreus osculans (C.B. Adams, 1852). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.342’N, 109°13.405’W) NW side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, shakings, 

17 m (56 ft), H 2 O 80°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-013-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 23 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 

210092. Size: 2.0 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Figure 2c is an internal view. 

Figures 3a, 3b Littoraria coccina (Gmelin, 1791). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’16”N, 109°12’45”W) SE corner, live, on coral rock, intertidal, PM low tide, leg. K.L. Kaiser 

(ICF-12-98), R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200546 = SBMNH 345467 (voucher). Size: 13.0 mm. Photographs 


Figures 4a, 4b Littoraria pintado pullata (Carpenter, 1864). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’09” N, 109°14’00”W) beach terrace, live, on coral rock, high intertidal, leg. K.L. Kaiser, M/V 

Royal Star, 17 Apr. 1994, KLK Coll. 200547. Size: 13.2 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 5 Littoraria undulata (Gray, 1839). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.805’N, 109°12.809’W) N shore, live, high intertidal on coral rock, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-003- 

05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 18 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210097. Size: 20.7 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 6a, 6b Nodilittorina modesta (Philippi, 1846). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’16”N, 109°12’45”W) SE corner, live, on coral rock, intertidal, PM low tide, leg. K.L. Kaiser 

(ICF-12-98), R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200545. Size: 16.1 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian.


3b 

1a 

1b 

5 

3a 

Plate 12 

2a 

6a 

2b 

4a 

6b 

2c 

4b


Plate 13 

Figures 1a, 1b Alvania sp. 1. 


K.L. Kaiser (ICF-14-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 29 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200549. Size: 1.3 mm (SEMs by D.L. 

Geiger). 

Figures 2a, 2b Onoba sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’17”N, 109°11’52”W), empty shell, dead Pocillopora sp. shakings, 9-15 m (30-50 ft), H 2 O 

83-84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-14-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 18 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200551. Size: 1.73 

mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 3a, 3b Rissoina stricta Menke, 1850. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’08.1”N, 109°13’16.8”W), SW side, live, dead coral rubble shakings, 10-20 m (33-66 ft), H 2 O 

83-84°F, leg. H.W. Chaney, diving from M/V Royal Star, 15-20 Apr. 1994. SBMNH 210120. Size: 4.5 mm (SEMs 

by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 4a, 4b Rissoina (Rissoina) sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W) N side, empty shell, shakings of dead coral, 12-29 m (40-95 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-16-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 30 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200553. Size: 2.1 mm 

(SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 5a, 5b Rissoina sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.057’N, 109°13.560’W), NW side, empty shell, reef slopes, dead coral rubble shakings, 10-20 

m (33-66 ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. H.W. Chaney, diving from M/V Royal Star, 17-20 Apr. 1994. SBMNH 210122. 

Size: 2.9 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Debris in aperture. 

Figures 6a, 6b Rissoina sp. 3. 


33 m (108 ft), H 2 O 78-80°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-019-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 26 Jan. 2005. KLK 

Coll. 210101. Size: 3.1 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 7a, 7b Parashiela sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’08”N, 109°13’16”W) N side, empty shell, SCUBA, reef slopes, shakings of dead coral rubble, 

10-20 m (33-66 ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. H.W. Chaney, diving from M/V Royal Star, 15-20 April 1994. SBMNH 

210121. Size: 1.2 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger).

1a 


1a 

1b 

3a 3b 4a 

6a 

6b 

Plate 13 

4b 

2a 

7a 

5a 

2b 

5b 

7b


Plate 14 

Figures 1a, 1b Barleeia sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’41”N, 109°12’34”W), empty shell, shakings of dead coral lying in coralline sand pockets, 

8-11 m (26-36 ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-2-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 14 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 


Figures 2a, 2b Assiminea sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’16”N, 109°12’45”W) SE corner, empty shell, among coral rock, intertidal, PM low tide, 

H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-12-98), R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200966. Size: 3.9 mm. Protoconch 

broken. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b Lirobarleeia cf. nigrescens (Bartsch & Rehder, 1939). 

Île Clipperton (10°18’00”N, 109°12’00”W), empty shell, 1958, LACM 58-7. Size 1.39 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 4 cf. Lirobarleeia sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.493'N, 109°13.538'W) S end landing site, empty shell, shakings of dead coral, 9-27 m (30-90 

ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. - 5 May 1998. KLK Coll. 210102. Size: 0.9 mm 

(SEM by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 5a, 5b Elachisina sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’18”N, 109°13’43”W) NW corner, live, shakings of dead coral, 12-30 m (40-100 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-7-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200557. Size: 866 µm, operculum 

333 µm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Operculum showing in aperture. 

Figures 6a, 6b Elachisina sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’17”N, 109°12’01”W),?live, dead Porites sp., shakings, 15 m (50 ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser (ICF-15-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 19 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200556. Size: 0.94 mm (SEMs by D.L. 

Geiger). Juvenile (single adult specimen lost). 

Figures 7a, 7b cf. Elachisina sp. 3. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W) N side, ?live, shakings of dead coral, 12-29 m (40-95 ft), H 2 O 84°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-16-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 30 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200562. Size: 1.08 mm (SEMs by 

D.L. Geiger). 


Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°12’00”W), empty shell, 1958, LACM 58-7, Size: 1.0 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 


Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°12’00”W), live, leg. H. W. Chaney, diving from R/V Urracá, SBMNH. Size: 1.2 

mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Operculum showing on Figure 9b.


3a 

1a 

8a 

6a 

3b 

1b 

6b 

8b 

4 

Plate 14 

2a 

9a 

7a 

5a 

2b 

9b 

5b 

7b


Plate 15 

Figures 1a, 1b, 1c Solariorbis sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.219’N, 109°13.394’W) SW side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, suction, 

55 m (180 ft), H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. Bouchard, Albenga, Dugrais (ICF-007-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 20 Jan. 

2005. KLK Coll. 210103. Size: 2.25 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Aperture partially broken. 

Figures 2a, 2b Vitrinellidae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W), N side, empty shell, shakings of dead coral, 12-29 m (40-95 ft), H 2 O 


(SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figures 3a, 3b, 3c Fartulum cf. glabriforme Carpenter, 1857. 



Geiger). Operculum showing in aperture of Figures 3a and 3c (0.11 mm). 

Figure 4 Fartulum sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’41”N, 109°12’34”W), empty shell, slope of prolific Pocillopora spp., shakings, 12-21 m (40- 

69 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-1-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 14 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200567. Size: 

1.6 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figures 5a, 5b Modulus sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, empty shell, tangle net, sand and coralline algae (lithothamnion 



Figure 6a Modulus sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, empty shell, tangle net, sand with coralline algae (lithothamnion 


200568. Size: 1.55 mm. (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figure 6b Modulus sp. 1. 

Close up SEM of protoconch of specimen Figure 6a.


5a 

1a 

1b 

3c 

3a 

1c 

Plate 15 

5b 

2b 

6a 

2a 

3b 

4 

6b


Plate 16 

Figure 1 Petaloconchus cf. keenae Hadfield & Kay, 1972. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’52”N, 109°12’27”W) N-NE side, live, underside of dead coral head in sand, 8-21 m (25-70 

ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-15-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200612. Size: 32.8 

mm, coiled. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 2 Petaloconchus cf. keenae Hadfield & Kay, 1972. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’04”N, 109°12’46”W) S-SE corner, empty shell, under turnable dead coral head, 12-30 m (40- 

100 ft), leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-6-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr.-5 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200602. Size: 10.0 

mm, aperture, 2.0 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 3 Eualetes cf. tulipa (Chenu, 1843). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’23”N, 109°14’22”W), empty shell, dredged, 91 m (300 ft), leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-40-94), 

M/V Royal Star, 23 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201393. Size: 42.0 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 4 Petaloconchus sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’07”N, 109°13’55”W), ?live, SCUBA/ shakings, sand pockets with rubble and Porites spp. 

heads, 14-19 m (46-62 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-9-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 17 Apr. 1994. KLK 

Coll. 200600. Size: 6.0 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 5a, 5b Dendropoma meroclista Hadfield & Kay, 1972. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’16”N, 109°12’45”W) SE corner, colony of empty shells embedded in coralline algae on coral 

rock, intertidal, PM low tide, leg. K.L. Kaiser, R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200618. Size: Figure 5a, 48.0 

mm (coral rock): Figure 5b, 3.8 mm (two specimens). Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 6 Dendropoma sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’23”N, 109°14’22”W), live, shakings of dead coral, 91 m (300 ft), leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF- 

40-94), dredged, M/V Royal Star, 23 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200579. Size: 5.50 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Operculum showing in fractured shell. 

Figure 7 Cerithium cf. atromaginatum Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1933. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.447’N, 109°13.265’W) SW side, crabbed, turnable coral rock on sand, snorkeling, 0-1m (0-3 

ft), H 2 O 82°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-017-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 24 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210135. 

Size: 11.0 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 8a, 8b Cerithium echinatum Lamarck, 1822. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’03”N, 109°13’59”W) NW corner, empty shell, under turnable dead coral, 9-12 m (30-40 ft), 

H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-11-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 27 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200622. Size: 23.6 mm. 


Figures 9a, 9b Cerithium maculosum Kiener, 1841. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.001’N, 109°13.900’W) SW side, live, sand and coral rock, snorkeling, 1 m (3 ft), H 2 O 82°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-005-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 19 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210037. Size: 37.8 mm. 



7 

5a 

1 

8a 

2 

Plate 16 

8b 

5b 

9a 

4 

3 

6 

9b


Plate 17 

Figures 1a, 1b Cerithium sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W), S end landing site, live, underside of dead coral, 9-18 m (30-60 ft), 

H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-3-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr.1998. KLK Coll. 200627. Size: 9.2 mm. 


Figures 1c, 1d Cerithium sp. 1. 

SEMs by D.L. Geiger of specimen in Figure 1a. 

Figures 2a, 2b Cerithium sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’58”N, 109°13’02”W), N side, empty shell, under dead coral head, 9-30 m (30-99 ft), H 2 O 



Figure 2c Cerithium sp. 2. 

Light image of specimen in Figure 2a. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b cf. Cerithiidae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W), S end landing site, live, shakings, under dead coral head, 9-27 m (30- 

90 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-3-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200637. Size: 

2.76 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 4a Angiola sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’16”N, 109°12’45”W), SE corner, empty shell, under dead coral, intertidal, PM low tide, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-12-98), R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200968. Size: 6.7 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 4b, 4c Angiola sp. 1. 

SEMs by D.L. Geiger of specimen in Figure 4a. 

Figures 5a, 5b Fossarus cf. angulatus Carpenter, 1857. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.01’N, 109°13.76’W), SW side, empty shell, suction, dead coral in sand, 17 m (56 ft), H 2 O 

80-82°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser, Bouchard, Albenga (ICF-038JLE-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 28 Jan. 2005. KLK 

Coll. 210137. Size: 1.3 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger).


2a 

1a 1b 1c 1d 

4a 

2b 2c 

4b 

4c 

Plate 17 

3a 

5a 

3b 

5b


Plate 18 

Figures 1a, 1b Epitonium emydonesus Dall, 1917. 


55 m (180 ft), H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. Bouchard, Albenga, Dugrais (ICF-007-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 20 Jan. 


Figures 2a, 2b Epitonium billeeanum (DuShane & Bratcher, 1965). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W), S end landing site, live, on Tubastrea sp. attached to coral slab, 15 

m (50 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 4 May 1994. KLK Coll. 200644. Size: 10.6 mm. 


Figures 3a, 3b, 3c Epitonium sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’35”N, 109°12’01”W) east end, center, live, underside of dead coral head on host coral sp., 38 

m (125 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-5-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200639 (not 

coated). Size: 5.64 mm, protoconch w. 236 µm, h. 230 µm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 4a, 4b Epitonium sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W) N side, live, shakings from under dead coral head, 12-29 m (40-95 ft), 

H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-16-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 16 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200640. Size: 2.63 mm 


Figure 5 Epitonium sp. 3. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’41”N, 109°12’34”W), empty shell (early juvenile), steep slope of Pocillopora spp., shakings, 

12-29 m (40-95ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-8-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 19 Apr. 1994. KLK 

Coll. 200556. Size: 880 µm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figures 6a, 6b Graphis sp. 1. 



Geiger). Debris showing in aperture.


3a 

1a 

3b 

4a 

1b 

Plate 18 

3c 

2a 

4b 

5 

2b 

6b 

6a


Plate 19 

Figure 1 Melanella cumingii (A. Adams, 1854). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’00”N, 109°12’00”W) N end, live, under dead coral head, no holothurian seen under same coral 

head, 9-15 m (30-50 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 30 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 210023 

(wet coll.). Size: 7.0 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 2a, 2b Melanella dufresnei Bowdich, 1822. 

Île Clipperton, (10°16’56”N, 109°12’53”W) S-SE end, live, under dead coral head, 11-15 m (35-50 ft), H 2 O 84°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-4-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 22 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200695. Size: 32.5 mm. Photographs 


Figure 3a Melanella cf. exilis (Pease, 1863). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.00’N, 109°12.00’W) N end, live, under dead coral, 9-15 m (30-50 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 30 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. (wet) 210417. Size: 4.7 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 3b Melanella cf. exilis (Pease, 1863). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’56”N, 109°12’52”W), live, on Euapa godeffroyi under coral head, 11-14 m (36-45 ft), H 2 O 


mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger, not coated). 

Figures 4a, 4b Melanella thaanumii (Pilsbry, 1917). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.00’N, 109°12.00’W) N end, live, under dead coral head in sand, 9-15 m (30-50 ft), H 2 O 84°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 30 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. (wet w/ host) 210418. Size: 21.6 mm. Photographs 


Figure 5 Melanella sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W) N end, live, under dead coral, 12-29 m (40-95 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser (ICF-16-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200652. Size: 3.91 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger, 

not coated). 


Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W) N end, live, under dead coral, 12-29 m (40-95 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser (ICF-16-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200661. Size: 3.3 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger, 

not coated). 


Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’30”W), live, steep slope of Pocillopora spp., shakings, 12-43 m (40-141 ft), 


mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger, not coated). Operculum showing in aperture.


1 

4a 

4b 

2a 

5 

Plate 19 

2b 3a 

3b 

6 

7


Plate 20 

Figures 8a, 8b Melanella sp. 4. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W) S end landing site, live, on black holothurian under dead coral in sand, 

9 m (30 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-3-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 24 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200697. 



Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W) S end landing site, ?live, under dead coral in sand, 27- 40 m (90-132 

ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-3-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 1 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200712. Size: 4.9 mm 

(SEM by D.L. Geiger, not coated). 


Île Clipperton, (10°17’13”N, 109°12’46”W), live, under dead Porites lobata, 12-18 m (39-60 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-22-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 21 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200726. Size: 6.4 mm. Photograph 



Île Clipperton, (10°17’52”N, 109°14’00”W) W side, live, under dead coral, 6-12 m (20-40 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser (ICF-9-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 25 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200696. Size: 23.4 mm. Photograph by P. 

Sadeghian. 

Figures 12a, 12b cf. Sabinella sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, live, tangle net, sand, coralline algae (lithothamnion nodules, 

4-10 cm), 62 m (206 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-2-98), R/V Urracá, 4 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200714. 

Size: 1.58 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger, not coated). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figure 13 cf. Sabinella sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’09”N, 109°13’08”W), live, coral sp. shakings, 12-15 m (39-49 ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser (ICF-20-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 18 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200713. Size: 1.02 mm (SEM by D.L. 

Geiger, not coated). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figure 14 cf. Scalenostoma sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.727’N, 109°12.235’W) NE side, empty shell, turnable dead coral and sand, SCUBA, 13-14 

m (43-46 ft), shakings, H 2 O 78-80°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-016-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 24 Jan. 2005. 

KLK Coll. 210416. Size: 1.9 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). Protoconch missing. 

Figure 15a Eulimidae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’17”N, 109°11’52”W), live, coral rubble demolition, shakings, 12 m (39 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. 



Figure 15b Eulimidae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W) S end landing site, live, under dead coral in sand, 9-27 m (30-90 ft), 

H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-3-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 1 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200664. Size: 2.58 mm 

(SEM by D.L. Geiger, not coated). 

Figure 16 Eulimidae sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.342’N, 109°13.405’W) NW side, live, turnable dead coral and sand, SCUBA, 17 m (56 

ft), shakings, H 2 O 80°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-013-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 23 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 

210141. Size: 3.3 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger).


8a 8b 

12a 

15a 

12b 

15b 

9 

Plate 20 

13 

10 11 

16 

14


Plate 21 

Figures 1a, 1b Hipponix antiquatus panamensis C.B. Adams, 1852. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’46”N, 109°12’00”W), live, turnable dead coral in sand, 8-14 m (26-46 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. 



Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d Antisabia foliacea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’13”N, 109°12’46”W), empty shell, under dead Porites lobata, 12-18 m (39-60 ft), H 2 O 83°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-22-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 21 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200738. Size: 7.1 mm. Photographs 


Figures 3a, 3d Hipponicidae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’39”N, 109°12’01”W), empty shell, from dead coral shakings, 9-14 m (30-46 ft), H 2 O 83°F, 



Figures 3b, 3c Hipponicidae sp. 1. 

Size: Figure 3b, 6.48 mm, Figure 3c, 0.7 mm. (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 4a, 4b Pilosabia pilosa (Deshayes, 1832). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.294’N, 109°12.009’W), beach deposit, north shore, high intertidal, H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser 

(ICF-003-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 18 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210007. Size: 11.7 mm. Photographs by 

P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 5 Pilosabia pilosa (Deshayes, 1832). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W), empty juvenile shell, shakings. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 6 Crepidula sp. 1. 


K.L. Kaiser (ICF-16-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 30 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200749. Size: 2.0 mm (SEM by D.L. 

Geiger). Juvenile animal showing in aperture.


4a 

2a 

1a 

3a 

4b 

3b 

Plate 21 

2b 

1b 

5 

3c 

2c 

3d 

2d 

6


Plate 22 

Figure 1 Atlanta fusca Souleyet, 1852. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’18”N, 109°13’43”W) NW corner, empty shell, shakings of dead coral, 12-30 m (40-100 ft), 

H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-7-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 16 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200754. Size: w. 0.75 

mm, h. 0.55 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figures 2a, 2b Atlanta cf. gaudichaudi Souleyet, 1852. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’30”W), empty shell, steep slope of Pocillopora spp., shakings, 12-43 m (40- 

141ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-7-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 16 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200753. 

Size: 1.50 mm, protoconch 1.24 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 3 Atlanta cf. inflata Souleyet, 1852. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W), S end landing site, empty shell, dead coral heads, shakings, 9-27 m 

(30-90 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-3-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200750. Size: 


Figure 4 Oxygyrus keraudrenii (Lesueur, 1817). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W) S end landing site, empty shell (bellerophina stage), under dead coral in 

sand, shakings, 9-27 m (30-90 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-3-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. 

KLK Coll. 200751. Size: w. 0.50 mm, h. 0.48 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figures 5a, 5b, 5c Pterosoma cf. planum (Lesson, 1827). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’56”N, 109°12’52”W), empty larval shell, turnable dead coral, 11-22 m (36-72 ft), H 2 O 83- 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-24-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 22 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200468. Size: 0.99 mm 


Figures 6a, 6b Carinariidae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’17”N, 109°12’01”W), empty larval shell, dead Porites sp., shakings, 15 m (50 ft), H 2 O 83- 



Figures 7a, 7b, 7c Firoloida desmaresti Lesueur, 1817. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’17”N, 109°12’01”W), empty larval shell, dead Porites sp., shakings, 15 m (50 ft), H 2 O 83- 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-15-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 19 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200471. Size: 0.58 mm, 

protoconch 0.20 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger).


1 

7a 

5a 

3 

6a 

Plate 22 

5b 

7b 

2a 

6b 

4 

2b 

5c 

7c


Plate 23 

Figures 1a, 1b Polinices simiae (Deshayes in Deshayes & Edwards, 1838). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.166’N, 109°11.542’W) N end, empty shell, under dead coral head, 15 m (50 ft), H 2 O 84°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-1-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 22 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200758. Size: 11.2 mm. Photographs 


Figure 2 Naticidae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’07”N, 109°13’55”W), live, sand pockets w/ rubble and Porites spp., 12-19 m (40-62 ft), H 2 O 

83-84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-7-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 17 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200756. Size: 2.8 mm 

(SEM by D.L. Geiger). Operculum showing in aperture. 

Figure 3 cf. Naticidae sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’18”N, 109°13’43”W) NW corner, empty shell, shakings of dead coral, 12-30 m (40-100 ft), 


(SEM by D.L. Geiger). Bryozoa sp. and other debris showing in aperture. 

Figure 4 cf. Naticidae sp. 3. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’41”N, 109°12’34”W), empty shell, steep slope of Pocillopora spp., shakings, 12-29 m (40-95 

ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-8-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 16 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200755. Size: 


Figures 5a, 5b, 5c Trivia cherobia (Cate, 1979). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, live, tangle net, sand with coralline algae (lithothamnion 


6.7 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian.


1a 1b 

5a 

Plate 23 

2 

3 4 

5b 

5c


Plate 24 

Figures 1a, 1b Monetaria caputserpentis caputserpentis (Linneaus, 1758). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’16”N, 109°12’45”W) SE corner, worn beach deposit, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-12-98), R/V Urracá, 

28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200793. Size: 35.5 mm. Specimen decorticated. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 2a, 2b Monetaria caputserpentis caputserpentis (Linneaus, 1758). 

Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, Bahía Wafer, live, on underside of rock, upper intertidal (low tide), leg. K.L. Kaiser, M/S 

Victoria af Carlstad, 27 April 1986. KLK Coll. Size: 34.1 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b Monetaria moneta (Linneaus, 1758). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’16”N, 109°12’45”W) SE corner, worn beach deposit, intertidal, PM low tide, leg. K.L. Kaiser 

(ICF-12-98), R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200813. Size: 29.5 mm. Specimen quite worn. Photographs by 

P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 4a, 4b Monetaria moneta Linneaus, 1758). 

Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, Bahía Chatham, live, on underside of rock, intertidal (low tide), leg. K.L. Kaiser, M/S 

Victoria af Carlstad, 20 May 1985. KLK Coll. Size: 28.0 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 5a, 5b Erosaria helvola helvola (Linnaeus, 1758). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.282’N, 109°12.025’W) SE corner, SCUBA, 10-20 m (33-66 ft), reef slopes, dead coral 

rubble, H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. H.W. Chaney, diving from M/V Royal Star, 17-26 Apr.1994. SBMNH 353521. Size: 26.4 

mm. Specimen quite worn. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 6a, 6b Erosaria helvola helvola (Linnaeus, 1758). 

Marshall Islands, Enewetok lagoon, 1-3 m (3-10 ft), sand and rubble, April 1967. SBMNH 5055. Size: 25.6 mm. 


Figures 7a, 7b Erosaria albuginosa (Gray, 1825). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’03”N, 109°13’59”W) W-NW side, live, underside of dead coral head, 15-18 m (50-58 ft), 




1a 1b 

3a 

5a 

3b 4a 

4b 

Plate 24 

2a 

5b 6a 6b 

7a 7b 

2b


Plate 25 

Figures 1a, 1b Mauritia depressa (Gray, 1842). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°13’00”W) SE corner, beach drift, intertidal, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-009-05), Jean- 


Figures 2a. 2b Mauritia depressa (Gray, 1824). 

Marshall Islands, Majuro, 1-2 m (3-6 ft) underside of coral slab, June 1976. SBMNH 54044. Size: 38 mm. Photographs 


Figures 3a, 3b Mauritia scurra (Gmelin, 1791). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’45”N, 109°13’54”W) S-SW end, live, underside of dead coral head, 18 m (60 ft), H 2 O 84°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-20-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 03 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200808. Size record: 60.9 mm. 


Figures 4a, 4b Luria isabellamexicana (Stearns, 1893). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’10”N, 109°13’15”W), live, on underside of dead Pocillopora sp., 11-17 m (33-56 ft), H 2 O 

83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-4-94), M/V Royal Star, 23 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200798. Size: 43.2 mm. Photographs 


Figures 5a, 5b Talostolida pellucens (Melville, 1888). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’53”N, 109°12’22”W), live, underside of turnable dead coral head, 11-16 m (36-52 ft), H 2 O 



Figures 6a, 6b Talostolida pellucens (Melville, 1888). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’18”N, 109°13’43”W) NW corner, live, on underside of dead coral, 12-30 m (40-100 ft), 




1a 

3a 

5a 

1b 

3b 

5b 

Plate 25 

2a 

4a 

6a 

2b 

4b 

6b


Plate 26 

Figure 1 Cypraecassis coarctata Sowerby, 1825. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’09”N, 109°14’00”W) SW side, worn beach deposit, high tidal zone, beach rubble, leg. H.W. 

Chaney, M/V Royal Star, 17 Apr. 1994. SBMNH 353701. Size: 78.5 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 2a, 2b Cypraecassis tenuis (Wood, 1828). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’56”N, 109°12’52”W), empty shell, turnable dead coral, 22 m (72 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. C. Waters 

(ICF-24-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 22 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201398. Size: 118.4 mm. Photographs by P. 

Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b Cymatium macrodon (Valenciennes, 1832). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’45”N, 109°13’54”W) S-SW end, live, on underside of dead coral head, 35 m (114 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 03 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200819. Size: 57.1 mm. Photographs by 

P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 4a, 4b Cymatium nicobaricum (Röding, 1798). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°12’00”W), empty shell, H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. M. Small, diving from M/V Royal 

Star, April 1994, Michael Small Collection. Size: 75.8 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 5a, 5b Bursa asperrima (Dunker, 1862). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’56”N, 109°12’52”W), live, on underside of dead Porites sp., 11-22 m (36-72 ft), H 2 O 83°F, 



Figures 6a, 6b Bursa corrugata corrugata (Perry, 1811). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’28”N, 109°12’02”W) SE side, empty shell, SCUBA, 10-20 m (33-66 ft), reef slopes, dead 

coral rubble, H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. H.W. Chaney, diving from M/V Royal Star, 17-26 Apr. 1994. SBMNH 353417. 


Figures 7a, 7b Bursa granularis (Röding, 1798). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’41”N, 109°12’02”W) E side, empty shell, under dead coral head, 14-27 m (45-90 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-17-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 02 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200839. Size: 69.0 mm. 



3a 

5a 

1 

5b 

3b 

6a 

Plate 26 

2a 

6b 

4a 

7a 

2b 

4b 

7b


Plate 27 

Figures 1a, 1b Cerithiopsis cf. eiseni Strong & Hertlein, 1939. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’17”N, 109°11’52”W), empty shells, dead Pocillopora sp. shakings, 12-15 m (39-49 ft), H 2 O 



Figures 2a. 2b Cerithiopsis oaxacana Hertlein & Strong, 1951. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’05”N, 109°13’02”W), live, dead coral shakings, 9-16 m (30-52 ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser (ICF-34-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 25 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200859. Size: 2.83 mm (SEMs by D.L. 

Geiger). 

Figures 3a, 3b cf. Joculator sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.219’N, 109°13.394’W) W side, empty shell, dead coral shakings, SCUBA, 30 m (98 ft), H 2 O 

80-82°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-006-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 19 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210211. Size: 1.9 


Figures 4a, 4b Triphora dalli Bartsch, 1907. 



mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 4c Triphora dalli Bartsch, 1907. (protoconch) 


H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-21-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 20 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200871. Size: 

protoconch w. 367 µm, h. 550 µm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 5a, 5b Triphora sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W) N side, live, dead coral shakings, 12-29 m (40-95 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-16-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 30 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200877. Size: 3.08 mm, protoconch w. 

390 µm, h. 621 µm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figures 6a, 6b Triphora sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W) N side, live, dead coral shakings, 12-29 m (40-95 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-16-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 30 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200878. Size: 3.12 mm, protoconch w. 

413 µm, h. 702 µm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 7 Triphora sp. 3. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, fragment, tangle net, sand and coralline algae (lithothamnion 

nodules, 4-10 cm), 62 m (206 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-2-98), R/V Urracá, 4 May 1998. KLK Coll. 

200879. Size: 1.83 mm, protoconch h. 590 µm, w. 403 µm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 8 Triphoridae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.219’N, 109°13.394’W) W side, empty shell, dead coral and sand, SCUBA, 55 m (180 ft), suction, 

H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-007-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 20 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210415. 

Size: 4.8 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). Protoconch sculpture is erroded.


4a 

1a 

4c 

1b 

2a 

4b 5b 

5a 

Plate 27 

2b 

6a 

7 

3a 

6b 

8 

3b


Plate 28 

Figures 1a, 1b Hexaplex princeps (Broderip, 1833). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’56”N, 109°12’52”W), empty shell, among turnable dead coral and rocks, 11-23 m (36-75 ft), 



Figures 2a, 2b Pterynotus tripterus (Born, 1778). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’05”N, 109°13’02”W), empty shell, under turnable dead coral in sand, 9-16 m (29-52 ft), H 2 O 



Figures 3a, 3b Attiliosa nodulosa (A. Adams, 1855). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’30”W), empty shell, steep slope of Pocillopora spp., 12-43 m (40-141 ft), H 2 O 



Figure 4 Attiliosa sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.757’N, 109°12.029'W) NE side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, 15-45 m 


210218. Size: 11.8 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 5a, 5b Favartia exigua (Broderip, 1833). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’41”N, 109°12’02”W) E side, empty shell, under dead coral head, 27 m (90 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 02 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200890. Size: 12.2 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 6a, 6b Maculotriton serriale (Deshayes, 1834). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.000’N, 109°13.000’W) SE corner, intertidal, sand and coral rubble, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF- 

009-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 21 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210015. Size: 15.4 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 7a, 7b Pascula rufonotata (Carpenter, 1864). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’52”N, 109°12’27”W) N-NE end, live, underside of dead coral head, 8-21 m (25-70 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-15-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. -5 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200903. Size: 12.3 

mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian.


3a 

1a 

6a 

3b 

6b 

1b 

4 

Plate 28 

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2b 

5b 

7a 7b


Plate 29 

Figures 1a, 1b Phyllocoma scalariformis (Broderip, 1833). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’08”N, 109°13’16”W) SE side, empty shell, SCUBA, 10-20 m, reef slopes, dead coral rubble, 

H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. H.W. Chaney, diving from M/V Royal Star, 15-20 Apr. 1994. SBMNH 353523. Size: 26.9 mm 

(decollate). Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 2a, 2b Drupa ricinus ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W) S end landing site, live, on coral head, 9 m (30 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200911. Size: 30.5 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b Morula uva (Röding, 1798). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.145’N, 109°13.130’W), live, on turnable dead coral, 12-15 m (39-49 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser (ICF-20-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 20 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200921. Size: 27.3 mm. Photographs by 

P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 4a, 4b Nassa serta (Bruguière, 1789). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’21”N, 109°11’54”W) E-NE corner, live, underside of dead coral head, 21 m (70 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-18-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 2 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200933. Size: 49.7 mm. Photographs 


Figures 5a, 5b Plicopurpura pansa (Gould, 1853). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’16”N, 109°12’45”W) SE corner, live, on coral rock, intertidal, PM low tide, H 2 O 84°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-12-98), R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200939. Size: 39.6 mm. Operculum showing in 

aperture. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 6a, 6b Stramonita biserialis (Blainville, 1832). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°13’00”W) SE corner, beach drift, intertidal, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-009-05), Jean- 


Figures 7a, 7b Tribulus planospira (Lamarck, 1822). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°14’00”W) SE corner, live, intertidal, PM low tide on dead coral rock, H 2 O 84°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser, R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200940. Size: 23.3 mm. Operculum showing in aperture. 



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3a 3b 

5a 6a 

5b 

Plate 29 

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2a 2b 

4a 4b 

7a 

7b


Plate 30 

Figure 1 Coralliophila macleani Shasky, 1970. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.219'N, 109°13.394'W), W side, empty shell, turnable coral rock in sand, shakings, 10-38 m 


210238. Size: 8.0 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 2 Coralliophila macleani Shasky, 1970. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’41”N, 109°12’34”W), empty juvenile shell, shakings, steep slope of Pocillopora sp., 12-29 m 

(39-95 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-8-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 16 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200998. 

Size: 2.9 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b Coralliophila neritoides (Lamarck, 1816). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’39”N, 109°12’01”W), live, on coral head branches, 9-27 m (29-88 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser (ICF-35-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 26 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200944. Size: 26.4 mm. Egg case showing 

in aperture. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 4a, 4b Coralliophila parva (E.A. Smith, 1877). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W) S end landing site, live, under dead coral, 9-27 m (30-90 ft), H 2 O 84°F, 


D.L. Geiger). Dried egg capsule showing in aperture. 

Figures 5a, 5b Latiaxis tosanus Hirase, 1908. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’35”N, 109°12’01”W), E end, center, live, on underside of dead coral head, 33 m (110 ft), 

H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 23 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200964. Size: 20.5 mm. Photographs 


Figure 6 Reliquiaecava robillardi (Liénard, 1870). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’04”N, 109°12’46”W) S-SE corner, live, in living coral sp., 12-30 m (40-100 ft), H 2 O 84°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-6-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. – 5 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200989. Size: 13.8 mm. 


Figure 7 Reliquiaecava robillardi (Liénard, 1870). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’04”N, 109°12’46”W) S-SE corner, empty shell embedded in coral, in situ, 12-30 m (40-100 

ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-6-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. – 5 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200989. 

Size: 13.3 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian.


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4a 

6 

4b 

2 

Plate 30 

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Plate 31 

Figure 1 Rhizochilus antipathum Steenstrup, 1850. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.493’N, 109°13.538’W) S end landing site, live, attached to live Antipathes sp., 27 m (90 ft), 

leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 01 May 1998. KLK Coll. 210255. Size: 9.1 mm (upper), 6.7 mm (lower). 


Figures 2a, 2b Rhizochilus antipathum Steenstrup, 1850. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.493’N, 109°13.538’W) S end landing site, live, attached to live Antipathes sp., 27 m (90 ft), 

leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 01 May 1998. KLK Coll. 210255. Size: 13.2 mm. Photographs by P. 

Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b Quoyula madreporarum (Sowerby, 1834). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’06”N, 109°14’08”W), empty shell, under dead coral head, 12-15 m (40-49 ft), H 2 O 83°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-17-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 19 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200969. Size: 11.7 mm. Albino 

specimen. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 4 Quoyula madreporarum (Sowerby, 1834). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’06”N, 109°14’08”W), empty shell, under dead coral head, 12-15 m (40-49 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. 



Figure 5 Quoyula monodonta (Blainville, 1832). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’03”N, 109°13’59”W) NW corner, coral head shakings, 12-15 m (30-40 ft), leg. K.L. Kaiser, 

diving from R/V Urracá, 27 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200980. Size: 7.0 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 6a, 6b Coralliophilinae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’04”N, 109°12’46”W) S-SE corner, empty shell, under dead coral head, 12-30 m (40-100 ft), 

H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-6-98), R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200997. Size: 14.7 mm. Photographs 


Figures 7a, 7b Coralliophilinae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, live, tangle net, sand with coralline algae, 62 m (206 ft), 

H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-2-98), R/V Urracá, 04 May 1998. KLK Coll. 200999. Size: 5.0 mm. (SEMs by 

D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 8 Coralliophilinae sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.044’N, 109°13.096'W) S side, live, on healthy coral in sand, NIGHT SCUBA, 18 m (60 ft), 

H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. K. Kaiser, S. Hourdez, (ICF-015-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 23 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 

210249. Size: 8.1 mm Photograph by P. Sadeghian.


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3a 3b 

4 

6b 

Plate 31 

7b 

5 

7a 

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8 

2b


Plate 32 

Figures 1a, 1b Clivipollia fragarius (Wood, 1828). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’58”N, 109°13’02”W) N side, live, undersides of dead coral head, 9-30 m (30-99 ft), leg. K.L. 

Kaiser (ICF-14-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 29 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201013. Size: 23.1 mm. Photographs by P. 

Sadeghian. 

Figures 2a, 2b Colubraria ochsneri Hertlein & Allison, 1968. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’30”W), live, steep slope under Pocillopora sp., 12-43 m (40-141ft), H 2 O 83°F, 



Figures 3a, 3b Colubraria ochsneri Hertlein & Allison, 1968. 


33 m (108 ft), H 2 O 80°F, leg. Bouchard, Albenga, Dugrais (ICF-007-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 20 Jan. 


Figures 4a, 4b Colubraria cf. lucasensis Strong & Hertlein, 1937. 




Figures 5a, 5b Mitrella sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’13”N, 109°12’46”W), ?live, from shakings of dead Porites lobata, 12-18 m (39-60 ft), H 2 O 




Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W) S end landing site, live, under coral head, 9-27 m (30-90 ft), H 2 O 84°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-3-98), R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201046. Size: 3.84 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 


Île Clipperton, (10°19.01’N, 109°13.76’W) SW side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, suction, 17 

m (56 ft),H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. Bouchard, Albenga (ICF-038JLE-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 28 Jan. 2005. 


Figure 8a, 8b Mitrella sp. 3. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.219’N, 109°13.394’W) W side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, shakings, 


KLK Coll. 210291. Size: 3.1 mm. Fragment. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 9 Sincola gibberula (Sowerby, 1832). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’09”N, 109°14’00”W), worn beach specimen, leg. W. Schneider, 18 May 2003. SBMNH 

80288. Size: 13.1 mm. Photo: D.K. Mulliner. Permission to use image from The Festivus.


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Plate 32 

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Plate 33 

Figures 1a, 1b Nassarius catallus (Dall, 1908). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.750’N,109°14.617’W), empty shell, otter trawl, 113 m (371 ft), mud and brown hydroids, 

H 2 O 84°F (surface water temperature), leg. K.L. Kaiser, D.R. Robertson et al. (ICF-13-98), trawled from R/V Urracá, 

28 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201050. Size: 13.6 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 2 Nassarius catallus (Dall, 1908). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.750’N,109°14.617’W), live juvenile, otter trawl, 113 m (371 ft), mud and brown hydroids, 

H 2 O 84°F (surface water temperature), leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-13-98), trawled from R/V Urracá, 28 Apr. 1998. KLK 

Coll. 201050. Size: 7.4 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b Harpa gracilis Broderip & Sowerby I, 1829. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’58”N, 109°13’02”W) N side, empty shell, under dead coral head on sand, 20 m (65 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 29 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201058. Size: 31.0 mm. Photographs by 

P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 4 Granula sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’17”N, 109°12’01”W), empty shell, large dead Porites sp., shakings, 15 m (49 ft), H 2 O 83°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-15-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 19 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201059. Size: 0.77 mm (SEM 


Figure 5 Granulina cf. margaritula (Carpenter, 1857). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’17”N, 109°11’52”W), live, juvenile, dead Pocillopora sp. shakings, 9-15 m (30-49 ft), H 2 O 

83°, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-14-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 18 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201059. Size: 0.95 mm 


Figures 6a, 6b Mitra papalis (Linnaeus, 1758). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’09”N, 109°13’08”W), live, under coral in sand, H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from M/V 

Royal Star, 20 Apr. 1994, 12 m (40 ft). KLK Coll. 201063. Size: 130.5 mm, w/ periostracum. Tip of siphon showing 

in aperture. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 7a, 7b Mitra edentula Swainson, 1823. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18.805’N, 109°12.009’W), worn beach deposit, high intertidal, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-003-05), 

Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 18 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 210040. Size: 30.1 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian.


1a 

3a 3b 

6a 

6b 

Plate 33 

1b 

4 

2 

5 

7a 7b


Plate 34 

Figures 1a, 1b Mitra ferruginea Lamarck, 1811. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’07”N, 109°14’07”W), live, coral and rubble pockets, 14-18 m (46-59 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. K.L. 

Kaiser (ICF-10-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 17 Apr. 1994, KLK Coll. 201082. Size: 36.9 mm. Photographs by 

P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 2a, 2b Mitra rupicola Reeve, 1844. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, live, tangle net, sand with coralline algae (lithothamnion 


30.0 mm. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 3 Mitridae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.219’N, 109°13.394’W), W side, empty shell, turnable coral rock in sand, shakings, 10-38 m 


210301. Size: 3.2 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 4a, 4b Mitridae sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.219’N, 109°13.394’W), W side, empty shell, turnable coral rock in sand, shakings, 10-38 m 



Figures 5a, 5b Conus chaldaeus (Röding, 1798). 

Île Clipperton, (10°16’56”N, 109°12’53”W) S-SE end, live, under dead coral head, 11-15 m, (35-50 ft), H 2 O 84°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-4-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr.-5 May 1998. KLK Coll. 201090. Size: 31.2 mm. 


Figures 6a, 6b Conus diadema Sowerby, 1834. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’18”N, 109°13’43”W) NW corner, live, under dead coral head, 12-31 m (40-100 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-7-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr.-5 May 1998. KLK Coll. 201104. Size: 42.1 


Figures 7a, 7b Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’53”N, 109°11’98”W), live, under turnable dead coral head, 9-12 m (30-40 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. 


by P. Sadeghian.


1a 1b 

5a 

3 

5b 

6a 

Plate 34 

4b 

4a 

6b 

2a 

7a 

2b 

7b


Plate 35 

Figures 1a, 1b Conus tiaratus Sowerby, 1833. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’13”N, 109°12’46”W), live, under dead Porites lobata, 12-18 m (39-60 ft), H 2 O 83°F, leg. 



Figures 2a, 2b Conus purpurascens Sowerby, 1833. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.00’N, 109°12.00’W) N end, live, underside of dead coral head on egg mass, 11 m (36 ft), 


Periostracum removed. Photographs by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 3a, 3b Conus tessulatus Born, 1778. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’03”N, 109°13’59”W) W-NW side, empty shell, under dead coral head, 15-18 m (50-58 ft), 



Figures 4a, 4b Conus nux Broderip, 1833. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’52”N, 109°12’27”W) N-NE end, live, under dead coral head, 8 m (25 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-15-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 30 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201145. Size: 23.5 mm. Photographs 


Figure 5 Terebra crenulata (Linnaeus, 1758). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’03”N, 109°13’59”W) W-NW side, empty shell, on sand, 15-18 m (50-58 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser, diving from R/V Urracá, 25 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201151. Size: 71.9 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian.


1a 

3a 

3b 

1b 

Plate 35 

4a 

2a 

4b 

2b 

5


Plate 36 

Figures 1a, 1b Clathurella rigida (Hinds, 1843). 




Figure 2 Kurtziella plumbea (Hinds, 1843). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’58”N, 109°13’02”W) N side, empty shell, dead coral head shakings, 9-30 m (30-99 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-14-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 29 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201163. Size: 5.8 mm. Photograph 


Figure 3 Microdaphne trichodes (Dall, 1919). 



2005. KLK Coll. 210335. Size: 3.3 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 4a, 4b Microdaphne trichodes (Dall, 1919). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.159’N, 109°13.247’W), empty shell, dead Pocillopora sp. shakings, 11-17 m (36-56 ft), H 2 O 

82°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser, diving from M/V Royal Star, 15 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 210043. Size: 2.4 mm (SEMs by D.L. 

Geiger). 

Figures 5a, 5b Turridae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.01’N, 109°13.76'W) SW side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, suction, 17 

m (56 ft), H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. Bouchard, Albenga (ICF-038JLE-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 28 Jan. 2005. 


Figure 6a, 6b Turridae sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’52”N, 109°12’27”W) N-NE end, empty shell, dead coral in sand, shakings, 8-21 m (25-70 ft), 


(SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. Partial protoconch. 

Figures 7a, 7b, 7c Omalogyra sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’41”N, 109°12’02”W) E side, empty shell, shakings of dead coral, 14-27 m (45-90 ft), H 2 O 

84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-17-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 201164. Size: Figure 7a-b = 

469 µm, Figure 7c = 508 µm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture.


6a 

1a 1b 2 3 

4a 4b 5b 5a 

6b 

7a 

Plate 36 

7b 

7c


Plate 37 

Figures 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d Heliacus mazatlanicus Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 

Île Clipperton, (10°16’56”N, 109°12’53”W) S-SE end, empty shell, dead coral head shakings, 11-15 m (35-50 ft), 

H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-4-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr.-5 May 1998. KLK Coll. 201172. Size: 5.9 

mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Photographs 1b and 1d by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d Heliacus sp. 1. 




Figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d Architectonicidae sp. 1. 




Figures 4a, 4b Architectonicidae sp. 2. 




Figures 5a, 5b Architectonicidae sp. 3. 



2005. KLK Coll. 210346. Size: 2.8 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger).


1a 

2a 

3a 

4a 

5a 

1b 

2b 

3b 

Plate 37 

4b 

1c 

2c 

3c 

1d 

2d 

3d 

5b


Plate 38 

Figures 1a, 1b Iselica kochi Strong & Hertlein, 1939. 




Figures 2a, 2b cf. Iselica sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’39”N, 109°12’01”W), empty shell, coral sp. shakings, 9-14 m (30-46 ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-36-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 26 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201177. Size: 0.85 mm (SEMs by 

D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figures 3a, 3b Odostomia sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’17”N, 109°12’01”W), live, dead Porites sp. shakings, 11-17 m (33-56 ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-16-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 19 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201186. Size: 2.25 mm (SEMs by 

D.L. Geiger). Operculum showing in aperture. 

Figures 4a, 4b Chrysallida limbaughi (Hertlein & Allison, 1968). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’17”N, 109°11’52”W), live, coral rubble demolition, shakings, 11-17 m (33-56 ft), H 2 O 83- 


(SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Operculum showing in aperture. 

Figures 5a, 5b Herviera gliriella (Melvill & Standen, 1896). 




Figure 6 Miralda sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’08”N, 109°13’10”W) N side, empty shell, shakings of dead coral, 12-29 m (40-95 ft), H 2 O 


(SEM by D.L. Geiger). Protoconch missing. 

Figures 7a, 7b Odostomiinae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N, 109°13’32”W) S end landing site, empty shell, dead coral shakings, 9-27 m (30-90 ft), 


(SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. Voucher specimen lost.


1a 

4b 

4a 

1b 

5b 

5a 

2a 

2b 

Plate 38 

3a 

3b 

7b 

6 7a


Plate 39 

Figures 1a, 1b Odostomiinae sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’17”N, 109°11’52”W), live, dead Pocillopora sp. shakings, 9-15 m (30-50 ft), H 2 O 83-84°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-14-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 18 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201195. Size: 733 µm (SEMs 


Figures 2a, 2b, 2c Turbonilla clippertonensis Hertlein & Allison, 1968. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, ?live, tangle net, sand, coralline algae (lithothamnion nodules, 

4-10 cm), 63 m (206 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-2-98), R/V Urracá, 4 May 1998. KLK Coll. 201188. 

Size: 1.40 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 3a, 3b Pyramidellidae sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’00”N, 109°12’00”W) N end, empty shell, dead coral shakings, 9-15 m (30-50 ft), H 2 O 84°F, 


D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 4a, 4b, 4c Orbitestella sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’13”N, 109°14’06”W) NW corner, live, tangle net, sand and coralline algae (lithothamnion 

nodules, 4-10 cm), 63 m (206 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-2-98), R/V Urracá, 4 May 1998. KLK Coll. 

201199. Size: 1.53 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). Debris showing in aperture. 

Figures 5a, 5b Cavolinia uncinata (Rang, 1829). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.507’N, 109°3.555’W) S side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, shakings, 15- 

20 m (49-66 ft), H 2 O 80°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-011-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 22 Jan. 2005. KLK Coll. 


Figure 6 Cavolinia tridentata (Niebuhr, 1775). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.219'N, 109°13.394’W) SW side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, suction, 


2005. KLK Coll. 210358. Size: 2.6 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger).


3a 

1a 1b 

3b 

5a 

Plate 39 

5b 

4a 

2a 2b 

4b 

4c 

6 

2c


Plate 40 

Figure 1 Diacria cf. quadridentata quadridentata (Blainville, 1821). 



2005. KLK Coll. 210364. Size: 1.7 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). Debris in aperture. 

Figure 2 Diacria sp. 1. 



2005. KLK Coll. 210365. Size: 3.5 mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 3 Limacina inflata (d'Orbigny, 1836). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’41”N,109°12’02”W) E side, empty shell, under dead coral heads, shakings, 14-27 m (45-90 

ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-17-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr. 1998. KLK Coll. 200319. Size: 1.3 

mm (SEM by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 4 Limacina bulimoides (d'Orbigny, 1836). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’29”N,109°13’32”W) S end, empty shell, under dead coral heads, shakings, 9-27 m (30-90 ft), 



Figures 5a, 5b Berthella sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’41”N, 109°12’02”W) E side, empty shell, dead coral head shakings, 14-27 m (45-90 ft), leg. 

K.L. Kaiser (ICF-17-98), diving from R/V Urracá, 21 Apr.-5 May 1998. KLK Coll. 201242. Size: 1.26 mm (SEMs 


Figures 6a, 6b Berthella sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.01’N, 109°13.76’W) SW side, empty shell, turnable dead coral in sand, SCUBA, suction, 17 

m (56 ft), H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. Bouchard, Albenga (ICF-038JLE-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 28 Jan. 2005. 

KLK Coll. 210372. Size: 2.1 mm. (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figures 7a, 7b Berthellina sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’17”N, 109°12’01”W), empty shell, large dead Porites sp. shakings, 15 m (50 ft), H 2 O 83°F, 

leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-15-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 19 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 200256. Size: 3.96 mm. (SEMs 


Figures 8a, 8b Berthellina sp. 2. 



KLK Coll, 210373. Size: 7.3 mm. (SEMs by D.L. Geiger).


1 

5b 

2 

7b 

5a 

7a 

Plate 40 

6b 

8b 

3 

8a 

4 

6a


Plate 41 

Figures 1a, 1b Tylodina fungina Gabb, 1865. 

Île Clipperton, (10°19’22”N, 109°13’38”W), empty shell, among coral heads and sand, H 2 O 80-82°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser 

et. al. (ICF-016JLE-05), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, 19 Jan. 2005, 55 m (180 ft). KLK Coll. 210041. Size: 

10.1 mm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger). 

Figure 2 Tylodina fungina Gabb, 1865. 

Laguna Beach, Orange County, California, USA, live collected. SBMNH 07243. Size: 14.4 mm (large), 6.1 mm 

(small). Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 3 Succinea atollica Hertlein & Allison, 1968. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°12’00”W), empty shell, leg. C.R. Harbison, Sept. 1958. LACM 106665. Size: 10.7 

mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figure 4 Opeas oparanum (Pfeiffer, 1846). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°12’00”W) N side, empty shell, off outer edge of reef flat, 6-8 m (20-26 ft). Sta. 

B-6100, Sept. 1958, leg. E.C. Allison. LACM 58-7. Size: 7.1 mm. Photograph by P. Sadeghian. 

Figures 5a, 5b, 5c Incertae Sedis Gen. sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’56”N, 109°12’52”W), empty shell, turnable dead coral, shakings, 11-22 m (36-72 ft), H 2 O 

83-84°F, leg. K.L. Kaiser (ICF-24-94), diving from M/V Royal Star, 22 Apr. 1994. KLK Coll. 201212. Size: w. 550 

µm, h. 400 µm (SEMs by D.L. Geiger).


2 

5a 

1a 1b 

Plate 41 

5b 

3 

4 

5c


Plate 42 

Figure 1 Navanax aenigmaticus (Bergh, 1894). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°12’00”W) N side, off outer edge of reef flat, 6-8 m (20-26 ft), leg. H.W. Chaney, 

diving from M/V Royal Star, April 1994. CASIZ 98775. Photograph by H. W. Chaney. 

Figure 2 Stylocheilus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°12’00”W) N side, found on underside of coral plate, off outer edge of reef flat, 6-8 

m (20-26 ft), leg. A. Hermosillo, diving from M/V Nautilus Explorer, 16 Apr. 2007. Photograph by A. Hermosillo. 

Figure 3 Berthella martensi (Pilsbry, 1896). 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°12’00”W) N side, found on underside of coral plate, off outer edge of reef flat, 20 

m (66 ft), Jean-Louis Etienne Expedition, Jan. 2005, leg. K.L. Kaiser. Photograph by L. Albenga. 

Figure 4 Berthellina ilisima (Marcus & Marcus, 1967). 

Île Clipperton, (10°19.347’N, 109°13.666’W), found on underside of coral, off outer edge of reef flat, 18 m (60 ft), 

H 2 O 82-84°F, leg. A. Hermosillo, diving from M/V Nautilus Explorer, 16 Apr. 2007. Photograph by A. Hermosillo. 

Figure 5 Elysia flava Verrill, 1901. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.400’N, 109°13.430’W), found on underside of coral with algae, 14 m (45 ft), H 2 O 82-84°F, 

leg. A. Hermosillo, diving from M/V Nautilus Explorer, 17 Apr. 2007, LACM 174195. Photograph by A. Hermosillo. 

Figure 6 Elysia sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.540’N, 109°13.685’W), found on underside of coral with algae, 15 m (50 ft), H 2 O 84°F, leg. 

A. Hermosillo, diving from M/V Nautilus Explorer, 16 Apr. 2007, LACM 174194. Photograph by A. Hermosillo. 

Figure 7 Hypselodoris ghiselini Bertsch, 1978. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.139’N, 109°13.275’W), found on underside of coral, 14 m (45 ft), H 2 O 82-84°F, leg. A. Hermosillo, 

diving from M/V Nautilus Explorer, 18 Apr. 2007, LACM 174196. Photograph by A. Hermosillo. 

Figure 8 Dendrodoris albobrunnea Allen, 1933. 


diving from M/V Nautilus Explorer, 19 Apr. 2007, LACM 174190. Photograph by A. Hermosillo.


1 2 

3 4 

5 

7 

6 

8 

Plate 42


Plate 43 

Figure 1 Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1855). 



Figure 2 Flabellina sp. 1. 



Figure 3 Facelina sp. 1. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.139’N, 109°13.275’W), living on hydroid sp. attached to black coral detritus on muddy sand 

and rubble slope, 70-90 m (230-295 ft). leg. J.E. Bozanic (D3891), diving from M/V Nautilus Explorer, 18 Apr. 

2007, LACM 174197. Photograph by A. Hermosillo. 

Figure 4 Facelina sp. 2. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.139’N, 109°13.275’W), living on hydroid sp. attached to black coral detritus on muddy sand 

and rubble slope, 70-90m (230-295 ft). leg. J.E. Bozanic (D3891), diving from M/V Nautilus Explorer, 18 Apr. 

2007, LACM 174198. Photograph by A. Hermosillo. 

Figure 5 Anteaeolidiella indica (Bergh, 1888). 

Île Clipperton, (10°17.139’N, 109°13.275’W), found on underside of coral, 15 m (50 ft), H 2 O 82-84°F, leg. A. 

Hermosillo, diving from M/V Nautilus Explorer, 18 Apr. 2007. Photograph by A. Hermosillo. 

Figure 6 Melanella sp. 

Île Clipperton, (10°18’00”N, 109°12’00”W) N side, living on the synapted cucumber Euapta godeffroyi under coral 

plate on outer edge of reef flat, 10-20 m (33-66 ft), leg. H.W. Chaney, diving from M/V Royal Star, April, 1994. 

Photograph by H.W. Chaney. 

Figure 7 Ischnochiton victoria Ferreira, 1987. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’28”N, 109°12’03”W) SE side, off outer edge of reef flat, 10-20 m (33-66 ft), leg. H.W. 

Chaney, diving from M/V Royal Star, April, 1994, SBMNH 358702 wet coll. Size: 4.0 mm. Photograph by H.W. 

Chaney. 

Figure 8 Ischnochiton cf. victoria Ferreira, 1987. 

Île Clipperton, (10°17’28”N, 109°12’03”W) SE side, off outer edge of reef flat, 10-20 m (33-66 ft). leg. H.W. 

Chaney, diving from M/V Royal Star, April, 1994. SBMNH 358702 wet coll. Size: 3.8 mm. Photograph by H.W. 

Chaney.


1 2 

3 4 

5 

7 

6 

8 

Plate 43


acapulcanum, Epitonium, 33, 59 

Acar, 23, 24, 53, 58, 72 

acicula, Creseis, 49, 64 

adustum, Cerithium, 59 

aenigmaticus, Navanax, 13, 49, 64, 

154 

Aeolidiella, 51 

AEOLIDIIDAE, 13, 51, 65 

affinis, Bursa granularis, 55 

AGLAJIDAE, 13, 49, 64 

albobrunnea, Dendrodoris, 51, 63, 

154 

albolabris, Drupa, 40 

albuginosa, Cypraea, 36 

albuginosa, Erosaria, 36, 59, 118 

alisonae, Blasicrura, 38, 54 

alisonae, Cypraea, 38, 54, 61 

alisonae, Talostolida, 38 

Alvania, 30, 63, 96 

Alvania sp. 1, 30, 96 

Amphithalamus, 31, 54 

ANABATHRIDAE, 54 

ancilla, Voluta, 56 

Angiola, 32, 104 

Angiola sp. 1, 32, 104 

angulatus, Fossarus, 32, 59, 104 

Anomia, 26, 58 

ANOMIIDAE, 26, 58 

Anteaeolidiella, 51, 65, 156 

Antipatharia sp.,4, 

Antipathes sp., 42, 132 

antipathum, Rhizochilus, 42, 61, 132 

antiquatus, Hipponix, 34 

Antisabia, 34, 61, 112 

APLYSIIDAE, 13, 50, 62, 65 

arabicula, Cypraea, 55 

arabicula, Mauritia, 55 

Arca, 23 

arcana, Chama, 27 

ARCHITECTONICIDAE, 13, 48, 60, 

65 

Architechtonicidae sp. 1, 48, 144 



ARCIDAE, 23, 53, 58 

arenosa, Cypraea, 38 

areolatus, Pleurobranchus, 50, 65 

aristata, Lithophaga, 53 

aspera, Morula, 56 

aspera, Morula uva, 56 

Asperiscala, 32, 33 

asperrima, Bursa, 39, 55, 62, 122 

Assiminea, 30, 98 

INDEX TO TAXA 

Assiminea sp. 1, 30, 98 

ASSIMINEIDAE, 30 

Atlanta, 35, 64, 114 

ATLANTIDAE, 12, 14, 35, 64 

atollica, Succinea, 13, 52, 65, 152 

atromarginatum, Cerithium, 32, 62, 

102 

Attiliosa, 40, 59, 126 

Attiliosa sp. 1, 40, 126 

Babelomurex, 42 

Balcis, 33 

barbata, Hipponix, 34 

Barbatia, 23, 53, 58, 72 

Barbatia sp. 1, 23, 24, 72 

Barleeia, 30, 59, 98 

Barleeia sp. 1, 30, 53, 98 

Barleeia sp. 2, 30 

BARLEEIDAE, 30, 59, 63 

barthelemyi, Monetaria moneta, 36 

Berthella, 50, 63, 150, 154 

Berthella sp. 1, 50, 150 

Berthella sp. 2, 50, 150 

Berthellina, 50, 60, 150, 154 

Berthellina sp. 1, 50, 150 

Berthellina sp. 2, 50, 150 

bifasciata, Barleeia, 30, 59 

billeeanum, Epitonium, 32, 64, 106 

biserialis, Stramonita, 41, 60, 128 

biserialis, Thais, 41 

biserialis, Thais haemastoma, 41 

Bistolida, 54 

BIVALVIA, 23, 53, 58, 61, 62, 64, 

65 

Blasicrura, 38, 54 

brunneus, Conus, 45, 60 

BUCCINIDAE,43, 56, 60, 62, 63 

buddiana, Chama, 11, 12, 27, 53, 54 

bulimoides, Limacina, 50, 65, 150 

Bursa, 39, 55, 61, 62, 65, 122 

BURSIDAE, 39, 55, 61, 62, 65 

CAECIDAE, 31, 59, 63 

CAENOGASTROPODA, 12, 29 

calcifer, Spondylus, 53 

calyculata, Lithophaga, 24, 58, 74 

CALYPTRAEIDAE, 35 

Campulotus, 56 

Cantharus, 56 

caputophidii, Erosaria caputserpentis, 

36 

caputserpentis, 36 

caputserpentis, Cypraea, 36caputserpentis, 

Erosaria, 36 

caputserpentis, Monetaria 

caputserpentis, 36, 61, 118 

CARINARIIDAE, 12, 35, 64 

Carinariidae sp. 1, 35, 114 

carolinae, Peristernia, 43 

CASSIDAE, 38, 59 

Cassis, 38 

Cassis sp., 38 

catallus, Nassarius, 44, 60, 136 

Cavolinia, 49, 64, 148 

CAVOLINIIDAE, 12, 49, 64 

Cavoliniidae sp. 1, 49 

CEPHALOPODA, 13, 23, 52 

Ceratostoma, 56 

CERITHIIDAE, 32, 54, 59, 62, 63 

Cerithiidae sp. 1, 32, 104 

CERITHIOPSIDAE, 39, 59 

Cerithiopsis, 39, 59, 124 

Cerithium, 32, 54, 59, 62, 63, 102, 

104 

Cerithium sp. 1, 32, 54, 104 

Cerithium sp. 2, 32, 63, 104 

cerodes, Modulus, 31 

chaldaeus, Conus, 45, 61, 138 

chaldaeus, Conus ebraeus, 45 

chaldeus, Conus ebraeus, 45 

Chama, 11, 12, 27, 53, 65, 82 

Chama sp. 1, 27, 82 

CHAMIDAE, 27, 53, 65 

Chelyconus, 46 

chemnitzianum, Isognomon, 24 

cherobia, Trivia, 36, 59, 116 

CHROMODORIDIDAE, 13, 50, 57, 

60 

Chrysallida, 48, 65, 146 

cingulifera, Cyclostrema, 29, 57 

Cirolana sp., 3 

Clanculus, 29 

clarionensis, Ctena, 26, 58, 80 

Clathurella, 13, 47, 60, 142 

Clio sp. 1, 49 

clippertonense, Homalopoma, 29, 58 

clippertonensis, Clanculus, 29 

clippertonensis, Ctena, 27, 65, 80 

clippertonensis, Latirus, 44, 56 

clippertonensis, Turbonilla, 49, 65, 

148 

Clivipollia, 43, 56, 62, 134 

coarctata, Cypraecassis, 13, 38, 59, 

122 

coccinea, Littoraria, 29, 62, 94 

coccinea, Tubastraea, 32 

Codakia, 12, 26, 58, 62, 80 

Colubraria, 43, 60, 63, 134


Colubraria sp., 43 

Colubrellina, 39 

COLUMBELLIDAE, 43, 60 

Condylocardia, 27, 58, 82 

CONDYLOCARDIIDAE, 27, 58 

CONIDAE, 45, 57, 60, 61 

Conus, 6, 7, 45, 46, 47, 57, 60, 61, 

138, 140 

Coralliobia, 56 

Coralliophila, 41, 42, 60, 61, 130 

Coralliophilidae, 63 

Coralliophilidae sp. 1, 63 

Coralliophilinae, 12, 42, 63 

Coralliophilinae sp. 1, 42, 63, 132 

Coralliophilinae sp. 2, 43, 132 

corrugata, Bursa corrugata, 39, 65, 

122 

costata, Clivipollia, 43, 56 

COSTELLARIIDAE, 57 

crenata, Harpa, 56 

crenulata, Terebra, 47, 63, 140 

Crepidula, 35, 112 

Crepidula sp. 1, 35, 112 

Creseis, 49, 64 

cruentata, Bursa, 39, 55 

Ctena, 26, 27, 58, 65, 80 

Cucullaearca, 23, 53 

cumingii, Campulotus, 56 

cumingii, Coralliobia, 56 

cumingii, Coralliophila, 56 

cumingii, Melanella, 33, 62, 108 

Cyclopecten, 26, 53 

Cyclostrema, 29, 57 

Cyclostremiscus, 29 

Cymatium, 38, 39, 55, 61, 64, 122 

Cypraea, 7, 36, 37, 38, 54, 61 

Cypraecassis, 13, 38, 59, 122 

CYPRAEIDAE, 12, 36, 54, 59, 61, 

62 

CYSTICIDAE, 44, 60 

dactylatra, Sula, 7 

dalli, Triphora, 39, 59, 124 

Delectopecten, 25, 26, 53, 64, 80 

DENDRODORIDIDAE, 13, 51, 63, 

65 

Dendrodoris, 51, 63, 65, 154, 156 

Dendrophyllia sp., 33 

Dendropoma, 32, 62, 102 

Dendropoma sp. 1, 32, 102 

depressa, Cypraea, 37 

depressa, Mauritia, 37, 62, 120 

depressa, Mauritia depressa, 37 

deshayesii, Voluta, 56 

desmaresti, Firoloida, 35, 64, 114 

Diacria, 49, 64, 150 

Diacria sp. 1, 49, 150 

diadema, Conus, 45, 46, 60, 138 

diantha, Eulithidium, 29, 63, 92 

Dibaphus, 44 

Diberus, 24 

digueti, Condylocardia, 27, 58, 82 

Diodora, 12, 28, 62, 63, 90 

DISCODORIDIDAE, 13, 51 

Discodorididae sp. 1, 51 

distinguenda, Codakia, 26, 58, 80 

divaricata, Acar, 53 

Drupa, 40, 41, 55, 62, 128 

dufresnei, Melanella, 33, 61, 108 

Dunkeria, 49 

ebraeus, Conus, 45, 46, 61, 138 

echinatum, Cerithium, 32, 62, 102 

edaphus, Conus, 62 

edentula, Mitra, 44, 63, 136 

effusa, Mitra, 44, 60 

eiseni, Cerithiopsis, 39, 59, 124 

Elachisina, 31, 98 

Elachisina sp. 1, 31, 54, 63, 98 

Elachisina sp. 2, 31, 98 




ELACHISINIDAE, 31, 63 

Elysia, 50, 63, 65, 154 

Elysia sp. 1, 50, 63, 154 

Elysia sp. 2, 50, 63 

Emarginula, 28, 90 

Emarginula sp. 1, 28, 90 

Emarginula sp. 2, 28, 90 

Embletonia, 51, 65 

EMBLETONIDAE, 51, 65 

emydonesus, Epitonium, 33, 59, 106 

engeli, Berthellina, 50 

EPITONIIDAE, 12, 32, 59, 63, 64 

Epitonium, 32, 33, 59, 63, 64, 106 

Epitonium sp. 1, 33, 63, 106 

Epitonium sp. 2, 33, 106 

Epitonium sp. 3, 33, 63, 106 

Erosaria, 36, 59, 62, 118 

Eualetes, 32, 59, 102 

Euapta, 33, 108, 156 

Eucidaris, 34 

EULIMIDAE, 12, 14, 33, 34, 61, 62 

Eulimidae sp. 1, 34, 110 

Eulimidae sp. 2, 34, 110 

Eulithidium, 29, 63, 92 

exigua, Favartia, 14, 40, 59, 126 

exilis, Melanella, 33, 62, 108 

Facelina sp. 1, 51, 156 

Facelina sp. 2, 51, 156 

FACELINIDAE, 51 

Fartulum, 31, 59, 63, 100 

Fartulum sp. 1, 31, 63, 100 

Fartulum sp. 2, 31, 63 

Fasciolaria, 44 

FASCIOLARIIDAE, 44, 56, 60, 63 

Favartia, 40, 55, 59, 126 

ferruginea, Mitra, 45, 63, 138 

fimbriata, Coralliobia, 56 

fimbriata, Hipponix, 34 

fimbriatus, Hipponix, 34 

Firoloida, 35, 64, 114 

FISSURELLIDAE, 12, 28, 62, 63 

Flabellina sp. 1, 51, 156 

FLABELLINIDAE, 51 

flava, Elysia, 50, 65, 154 

foliacea, Antisabia, 34, 61, 112 

Fossarus, 32, 59, 104 

fragaria, Clivipollia, 43, 56 

fragarius, Clivipollia, 43, 62, 134 

francolina, Nassa, 41, 56 

francolinus, Nassarius, 41, 56 

fungina, Tylodina, 50, 60, 152 

fusca, Atlanta, 35, 64, 114 

galapagensis, Alvania, 63 

Gastrochaena, 27, 28, 58, 86 

GASTROCHAENIDAE, 27, 58 

GASTROPODA, 23, 28, 53, 54, 58, 

61, 62, 63, 64, 65 

gaudichaudi, Atlanta, 35, 64, 114 

gaudichaudi, Isognomon, 24 

Gecarcinus, 7 

gelatinosus, Delectopecten, 26 

ghiselini, Hypselodoris, 51, 60, 154 

gibberula, Sincola, 43, 60, 134 

gillei, Cypraea, 37 

glabriforme, Fartulum, 31, 59, 100 

Gleba sp., 52 

gliriella, Herviera, 48, 62, 146 

globosa, Janthina, 33, 64 

gloriosus, Spondylus, 26 

Glossodoris, 57 

godeffroyi, Euapta, 33, 108, 156 

gracilis, Embletonia, 51, 65 

gracilis, Harpa, 44, 62, 136 

gradata, Acar, 23, 58, 72 

gradatus, Conus, 47, 60 

granifera, Diodora, 12, 28, 62, 90 

Granula sp. 1, 44, 136 

granularis, Bursa, 39, 55, 61, 122 

granulata, Bursa, 39 

granulata, Morula, 55 

Granulina, 44, 60, 136 

Graphis, 48, 63 

Graphis sp. 1, 48, 63 

GRYPHAEIDAE, 25, 61, 62 

hancocki, Lithophaga, 24, 61 

Harpa, 44, 56, 62, 136 

HARPIDAE, 4, 56, 62 

hawaiensis, Barbatia, 23, 53 

hawaiensis, Spondylus, 53 

hawaiiensis, Cypraea helvola, 36


Heliacus, 48, 60, 65, 144 

Heliacus sp. 1, 48, 144 

helvola, Cypraea, 36 

helvola, Erosaria helvola, 36, 62, 118 

Herviera, 48, 62, 146 

HETERODONTA, 26 

HETEROSTROPHA, 13, 47 

Hexaplex, 40, 59, 126 

HIPPONICIDAE, 34, 59, 61 

Hipponicidae sp. 1, 35, 112 

Hipponix, 34, 59, 112 

Holothuria, 33 

Homalopoma, 29, 58 

Hyalocylis, 49, 64 

hyotis, Hyotissa, 25, 61, 78 

Hyotissa, 25, 61, 78 

Hypselodoris, 51, 60, 154 

ilisima, Berthellina, 50, 60, 154 

INCERTAE SEDIS, 13, 52 

Incertae Sedis Gen. sp. 1, 152 

inclinata, Atlanta, 35, 64 

inclusus, Amphithalamus, 54 

indica, Anteaeolidiella, 51, 65, 156 

indica, Cypraea scurra, 37 

inflata, Atlanta, 35, 114 

inflata, Limacina, 49, 65, 150 

inflexa, Melanella, 33, 62 

infundibuliformis, Heliacus, 48 

interlineata, Terebra crenulata, 47 

isabella, Cypraea, 54, 55 

isabella, Luria, 54, 55 

isabella-mexicana, Cypraea, 37, 

isabellamexicana, Luria, 37, 59, 120 

Ischnochiton, 13, 52, 64, 156 

ISCHNOCHITONIDAE, 52, 64 

Iselica, 48, 60, 63, 146 

Iselica sp. 1, 48, 63, 146 

Isognomon, 24, 25, 58, 76 

ISOGNOMONIDAE, 24, 58 

jamesi, Semele, 27, 58, 84 

Janthina, 33, 64 

janthina, Janthina, 33, 64 

JANTHINIDAE, 12, 33, 64 

janus, Isognomon, 24, 58, 76 

Joculator sp. 1, 39, 124 

kaiserae, Scissurella, 11, 28, 58, 88 

keenae, Petaloconchus, 31, 62, 102 

Kelletia, 56 

kelletii, Kelletia, 56 

keraudrenii, Oxygyrus, 35, 64, 114 

kochi, Iselica, 48, 60, 146 

Kurtziella, 47, 60, 142 

lactea, Pugilina, 56 

laevigata, Leiosolenus, 24, 61, 74 

Lamellaxis, 52 

Latiaxis, 42, 62, 130 

Latirus, 44, 56, 63 

laysana, Acar, 23, 53 

Leiosolenus, 24, 61, 74 

Leptoconus, 47 

Levenia, 38 

lignaria, Mitra, 45 

Limacina, 49, 50, 65, 150 

limbata, Spondylus, 53 

LIMACINIDAE, 12, 49, 65 

limbaughi, Chrysallida, 48, 65, 146 

linguaefelis, Spondylus, 26, 53, 61, 80 

Lirobarleeia, 30, 63, 98 

Lirobarleeia sp. 1, 30, 98 

Lithophaga, 24, 53, 58, 61, 74 

litterata, Mitra, 45, 63 

litterata, Strigatella, 45 

Littoraria, 29, 30, 58, 62, 94 

Littorina, 29 

LITTORINIDAE, 12, 14, 29, 58, 62 

lobata, Porites, 4, 112, 134, 140 

longicauda, Stylocheilus, 50 

LUCINIDAE, 26, 58, 62, 65 

lucasensis, Colubraria, 43, 60, 134 

lugubris, Phestilla, 51, 62 

Luria, 37, 54, 59, 120 

Lyncina, 38, 62 

macleani, Coralliophila, 41, 60, 130 

macrodon, Cymatium, 38, 55, 61, 122 

macrodon, Cymatium pileare, 38 

Macrophragma, 31 

maculata, Terebra, 57 

maculifera, Cypraea, 37 

maculifera, Mauritia, 37, 62 

maculosum, Cerithium, 32, 59, 102 

Maculotriton, 40, 62, 126 

madreporarum, Quoyula, 42, 132 

Magilus, 42 

Malea, 38, 59 

MALLEIDAE, 25, 64 

Malleus, 25, 64, 76 

Malvufundus, 25 

Mammilla, 35 

Mancinella, 41, 59 

margaritula, Granulina, 44, 60, 136 

martensi, Berthella, 50, 63, 154 

Martesia, 28, 64 

Mauritia, 13, 37, 55, 62, 120 

mazatlanica, Pinctada, 6, 24, 58, 74 

mazatlanicus, Heliacus, 48, 60, 144 

medipacifica, Balcis cumingi, 33 

Melanella, 33, 61, 62, 108, 156 

Melanella sp. 1, 33, 108 

Melanella sp. 2, 33, 34, 108 






Melina, 24, 25 

MELONGENIDAE, 56 

meroclista, Dendropoma, 32, 62, 102 

mexicana, Cypraea isabella, 55 

Microdaphne, 47, 62, 142 

miliaris, Conus, 46, 57 

minuta, Pavona, 42 

Miralda sp. 1, 49, 146 

Mitra, 44, 45, 60, 63, 136, 138 

Mitrella sp. 1, 43, 134 



MITRIDAE, 44, 60, 63 

Mitridae sp. 1, 45, 138 

Mitridae sp. 2, 45, 138 

modesta, Nodilittorina, 30, 59, 94 

MODULIDAE, 31 

Modulus, 31, 100 

Modulus sp. 1, 31, 100 

moneta, Cypraea, 36 

moneta, Monetaria, 36, 61, 118 

Monetaria, 36, 61, 118 

monodonta, Quoyula, 42, 61, 132 

Monoplex, 38, 55 

MONTACUTIDAE, 27 

Morula, 41, 55, 62, 128 

morum, Drupa, 55 

morum, Drupa morum, 55 

morus, Drupa, 41, 55 

morus, Ricinula, 55 

morus, Sistrum, 41, 55 

Munthea, 50 

Murexiella, 40, 55 

MURICIDAE, 12, 40, 55, 59, 61, 62, 63 

mutabilis, Arca, 23, 58 

Myoforceps, 53 

MYTILIDAE, 24, 53, 58, 61 

Nassa, 41, 56, 62, 128 

NASSARIIDAE, 13, 43, 60 

Nassarius, 44, 56, 60, 136 

NATICIDAE, 12, 35, 61 

Naticidae sp. 1, 35, 116 



Navanax, 13, 49, 64, 154 

Nebularia, 44, 45 

NEOGASTROPODA, 12, 40 

Nerita, 29, 62, 94 

NERITIDAE, 29, 62 

NERITIMORPHA, 29 

NERITOIDEA, 12 

neritoides, Coralliophila, 42, 61, 130 

nesioticum, Cerithium, 54 

nicobaricum, Cymatium, 14, 39, 64, 122 

nigra, Dendrodoris, 51, 65, 156 

nigrescens, Lirobarleeia, 30, 63, 98 

Nodilittorina, 30, 59, 94


nodulosa, Attiliosa, 40, 59, 126 

nodus, Morula, 41 

nuttalli, Ceratostoma, 56 

nuttalli, Purpura, 56 

nux, Conus, 47, 60, 140 

oaxacana, Cerithiopsis, 39, 59, 124 

Ocenebra, 55 

ochsneri, Colubraria, 43, 63, 134 

OCTOPODIDAE, 52 

Octopus spp., 13 

Odostomia sp. 1, 48, 146 

Odostomia sp. 4, 49, 63 

Odostomiinae sp. 1, 49, 63, 146 

Odostomiinae sp. 2, 49, 148 

Odostomiinae sp. 3, 

Omalogyra, 8, 47, 48, 60, 142 

Omalogyra sp. 1, 47, 48, 60, 142 

OMALOGYRIDAE, 47, 60 

Onoba, 30, 96 

Onoba sp. 1, 30, 96 

oparanum, Opeas, 13, 52, 63, 152 

Opeas, 13, 52, 63, 152 

OPISTHOBRANCHIA, 12, 13, 14, 49 

Opisthobranchia sp. 1, 51 

Opisthobranchia sp. 2, 51 

Orbitestella sp. 1, 49, 6, 148 

ORBITESTELLIDAE, 49, 63 

osculans, Plesiothyreus, 29, 61, 94 

Ostrea, 25, 78 

Ostrea sp. 1, 25, 78 

Ostrea sp. 2, 25, 28 

Ostrea sp. 3, 25, 28 

OSTREIDAE, 25 

ovata, Gastrochaena, 27, 28, 58, 86 

Oxygyrus, 35, 64, 114 

Pachystremiscus, 29, 57, 63, 92 

Pachystremiscus sp. 1, 29, 92 

Pachystremiscus sp. 2, 29, 92 

panamensis, Hipponix antiquatus, 34, 

59, 112 

panamica, Phestilla, 62 

Panocochlea, 29 

pansa, Plicopurpura, 41, 59, 128 

pansa, Plicopurpura patula, 41 

pansa, Purpura patula, 41 

papalis, Mitra, 44, 63, 136 

papalis, Mitra mitra, 44 

Parahyotissa, 25, 62, 78 

Parashiela, 30, 96 

Parashiela sp. 1, 30, 96 

parva, Coralliophila, 42, 60, 130 

Pascula, 40, 59, 126 

Pavona, 24, 42 

PECTINIDAE, 25, 53, 64 

pellucens, Cypraea teres, 38 

pellucens, Talostolida, 38, 54, 61, 

120 

Peristernia, 43, 56 

peroni, Atlanta, 35, 64 

perrieri, Heliacus, 48 

perrieri, Heliacus infundibuliformis, 

48, 65 

peruviana, Anomia, 26, 58 

Petaloconchus, 31, 62, 102 

Petaloconchus sp. 1, 31, 102 

Petaloconchus sp. 2, 32 

PHENACOLEPADIDAE, 12, 61 

Phestilla, 51, 62 

Philobrya, 24, 74 

Philobrya sp. 1, 24, 74 

PHILOBRYIDAE, 24 

PHOLADIDAE, 28, 64 

Phyllocoma, 40, 59, 128 

pileare, Cymatium, 38, 39, 55, 61 

pilosa, Pilosabia, 34, 35, 59, 112 

Pilosabia, 34, 35, 59, 112 

pilosus, Hipponix, 34 

Pinctada, 6, 24, 58, 74 

Pinna, 8, 25, 58, 76 

PINNIDAE, 25, 58, 62 

pintado, Littoraria, 29, 30 

PLAKOBRANCHIDAE, 13, 50, 63, 

65 

planatus, Gecarcinus, 7 

PLANAXIDAE, 32, 59 

Planktomya sp. 1, 27 

planospira, Thais, 41 

planospira, Tribulus, 13, 41, 60, 128 

planum, Pterosoma, 35, 64, 114 

platypus, Dendropoma, 32, 62 

platypus, Spiroglyphus, 32 

Plesiothyreus, 29, 61, 94 

PLEUROBRANCHIDAE, 50, 60, 63, 

65 

Pleurobranchus, 50 

Pleuroploca, 44, 60 

plicata, Nerita, 29, 62, 94 

Plicopurpura, 41, 59, 128 

plumbea, Kurtziella, 47, 60, 142 

plumula, Lithophaga, 24, 58, 74 

Pocillopora sp., 4, 5, 76, 88, 90, 96, 

100, 106, 108, 114, 116, 124, 126, 

130, 134, 136, 142, 144, 146 

Polinices, 35, 61, 116 

polynesiae, Lyncina vitellus, 38 

POLYPLACOPHORA, 23, 52 

Porites, 4, 5, 24, 72, 80, 102, 112, 

114, 116, 122, 134, 136, 140, 146, 

150 

princeps, Hexaplex, 40, 59, 126 

princeps, Pleuroploca, 44, 60 

princeps, Spondylus, 27, 53 

Protolittoraria, 29, 30 

Pseudomalaxis sp., 52 

Pseudomurex, 42 

PTERIIDAE, 24, 58 

PTERIOMORPHA, 23 

Pteropoda, 12 

Pterosoma, 35, 64, 114 

PTEROTRACHAEIDAE, 64 

Pterynotus, 40, 62, 126 

Pugilina, 56 

pullata, Littoraria pintado, 29, 58, 94 

PULMONATA, 23, 52, 63, 65 

punctata, Codakia, 12, 26, 62, 80 

punctifissa, Diodora, 28, 63, 90 

Purpura, 41 

purpurascens, Conus, 46, 60, 140 

Purpurellus, 40 

Pycnodonta, 25 

PYRAMIDELLIDAE, 13, 48, 57, 60, 

62, 63, 65 

Pyramidellidae sp. 1, 49, 148 

quadratus, Isognomon, 24 

quadridentata, Diacria quadridentata, 

49, 64, 150 

quercina, Parahyotissa, 25, 62, 78 

Quoyula, 42, 61, 132 

RANELLIDAE, 38, 55, 61, 64 

rashleighana, Bistolida 

rashleighana, 54 

rashleighana, Talostolida, 54 

recognitus, Isognomon, 24, 25, 58, 76 

reeveana, Barbatia, 23, 53, 58, 72 

regalitatis, Conus purpurascens, 46 

regulus, Malleus, 25, 64, 74 

Reliquiaecava, 42, 56, 62, 130 

retifer, Mauritia scurra, 37 

Rhizochilus, 42, 61, 132 

Ricinula, 55 

ricinus, Drupa, 40 

ricinus, Drupa ricinus, 40, 62, 128 

rigida, Clathurella, 13, 47, 60, 142 

rimuloides, Sinezona, 11, 28, 58 

ringens, Malea, 38, 59 

RISSOIDAE, 30, 59 

Rissoina, 30, 59, 96 

Rissoina sp. 1, 30, 59, 96 

Rissoina sp. 2, 30, 59, 96 

Rissoina sp. 3, 30, 59, 96 

Ritena, 29 

robillardi, Coralliophila, 42, 56 

robillardi, Magilus, 42 

robillardi, Reliquiaecava, 42, 56, 62, 

130 

Rocellaria, 27 

rochefortina, 12, 27, 62, 84 

roosevelti, Conus, 46 

rubropicta, Chama, 11, 12, 27, 53, 

54, 65, 82 

rufonotata, Pascula, 40, 59, 126


rugosa, Pinna, 8, 25, 58, 76 

rupicola, Mitra, 45, 60, 138 

Sabinella, 34, 110 

Sabinella sp. 1, 34, 110 

Sabinella sp. 2, 34, 110 

saccata, Streptopinna, 12, 25, 62, 76 

sandwichensis, Rochefortina, 12, 27, 

62, 84 

sanguinolentus, Cantharus, 56 

scalariformis, Phyllocoma, 40, 59, 

128 

Scalenostoma, 34, 110 

Scalenostoma sp. 1, 34, 110 

schilderorum, Cypraea, 38 

schilderorum, Lyncina, 38, 62 

schmitti, Littorina, 29 

schmitti, Littorina pintado, 29 

Scissurella, 11, 28, 58, 88 

SCISSURELLIDAE, 11, 12, 14, 28, 

58 

Scissurellidae sp. 1, 11, 28 

scurra, Cypraea, 37 

scurra, Mauritia, 13, 37, 62, 120 

sedna, Glossodoris, 57 

Semele, 27, 58, 84 

SEMELIDAE, 27, 58, 62 

Septifer, 24, 58, 74 

serriale, Maculotriton, 40, 62, 126 

serta, Nassa, 41, 56, 62, 128 

setosa, Philobrya, 24 

simiae, Polinices, 35, 61, 116 

Sincola, 43, 60, 134 

Sinezona, 11, 28, 58, 88 

Sinezona sp. 1, 28, 58, 88 

Sistrum, 41 

SKENEIDAE, 28, 63 

socorroensis, Latirus, 44, 56, 63 

Solariorbis, 31, 100 

Solariorbis sp. 1, 31, 100 

solitarius, Pachystremiscus, 29, 57, 

63, 92 

sparsispinosus, Spondylus, 53 

speciosa, Mancinella, 41, 59 

speciosa, Thais, 41 

Spiroglyphus, 32 

SPONDYLIDAE, 26, 53, 61 

Spondylus, 26, 27, 53, 61, 80 

squamuligera, Chama, 11, 12, 27, 54 

Stephanoconus, 47 

Stichopus, 33 

Stramonita, 41, 60, 128 

Streptopinna, 12, 25, 62, 76 

striata, Hyalocylis, 49, 64 

striata, Martesia, 28, 64 

striatus, Stylocheilus, 50, 65, 154 

stricta, Rissoina, 59, 96 

strigata, Heliacus infundibulum, 48 

Strigatella, 45 

strigatus, Heliacus infundibuliformis, 48 

Stumpiella, 24 

Stylocheilus, 50, 65, 154 

Subcancilla sp., 45 

subdivisum, Vexillum, 57 

SUBULINIDAE, 52, 63 

Succinea, 13, 52, 65, 152 

Succinea sp., 52 

SUCCINEIDAE, 52, 65 

Sula, 7 

Talostolida, 38, 54, 61, 120 

talpa, Talparia, 37, 61 

Talparia, 37, 61 

tenebrosus, Spondylus, 53 

tenuis, Cypraecassis, 13, 38, 59, 122 

Terebra, 47, 57, 63, 140 

TEREBRIDAE, 47, 57, 63 

TERIDINIDAE, 28 

Teredinidae sp. 1, 28, 86 

teres, Bistolida teres, 38, 54 

teres, Blasicrura, 38, 54 

teres, Cypraea, 38, 54 

teres, Talostolida, 54 

Teretropoma, 48 

TERGIPEDIDAE, 13, 51 

tessulatus, Conus, 47, 62, 140 

thaanumi, Codakia, 26 

thaanumi, Melanella, 33, 62, 108 

thaanumi, Peristernia, 43, 56 

Thais, 41 

Thilea, 49 

thouarsii, Eucidaris, 34 

tiaratus, Conus, 46, 57, 60, 140 

TOFANELLIDAE, 48, 63 

TONNIDAE, 38, 59 

Torinista, 48 

tosanus, Latiaxis, 42, 62, 130 

Tribulus, 13, 41, 60, 128, 

trichodes, Microdaphne, 47, 62, 142 

tridentata, Cavolinia, 49, 64, 148 

tridentata, Cavolinia, 49, 64, 148 

Triphora, 39, 40, 59, 124 

Triphora sp. 1, 40, 124 



TRIPHORIDAE, 39, 59 

Triphoridae sp. 1, 40, 124 

tripterus, Pterynotus, 40, 62, 126 

Trivia, 36, 59, 116 

TRIVIIDAE, 59 

Trochoidea, 12 

trochiformis, Limacina, 50, 65 

trosti, Amphithalamus, 31, 54 

Tubastraea, 32, 106 

tulipa, Eualetes, 32, 59, 102 

TURBINIDAE, 29, 58, 63 

Turbonilla, 49, 65, 148 

turriculata, Atlanta, 35, 64 

TURRIDAE, 47, 60, 62 

Turridae sp. 1, 47, 142 

Turridae sp. 2, 47, 142 

Tylodina, 50, 60, 152 

UMBRACULIDAE, 13, 50, 60 

uncinata, Cavolinia, 49, 64, 148 

undulata, Littoraria, 30, 62, 94 

uva, Morula, 41, 55, 56, 62, 128 

vafra, Balcis, 33 

VERMETIDAE, 31, 59, 62 

velatiformis, Barbatia, 53 

vermiculatus, Conus ebraeus, 45 

vestitum, Cymatium, 39, 55 

VETIGASTROPODA, 12, 28 

Vexillum, 57 

vicina, Drupa, 40 

victoria, Ischnochiton, 13, 52, 64, 

156 

violacea, Coralliophila, 42 

vitellus, Cypraea, 38 

vitellus, Lyncina, 38, 62 

VITRINELLIDAE, 31 

Vitrinellidae sp. 1, 31, 100 

vitreus, Delectopecten, 53, 64, 80 

vittata, Favartia, 55 

vittata, Ocenebra, 55 

Voluta, 56 

VOLUTIDAE, 56 

zacae, Cyclopecten, 26 

zacae, Delectopecten, 25, 53 

zeteki, Septifer, 24, 58, 74

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