Les Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda) du ... - AToL Decapoda

NATURAUSTS, TOKUSHIMA No 4, pp 1-33,1992 

THE FAMILIES CALLIANIDEIDAE AND THALASSINIDAE, 

WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SUBFAMILIES , 

ONE NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES 

(DECAPODA, THALASSINIDEA)* 

Katsushi SAKAI 

ABSTRACT 

In the family Callianideidae, Thotnassinia, Crosniera, and Mictaxius defined as the Thomassiniinae, 

CaUianidea and Paracallianidea gen. nov. as the Callianideinae, Afjc/tefeo as the Michelelnae suborn, nov., 

and Meticonaxius, and Marcusiaxius as the Meticonaxiinae subfam. nov. are included. Paracallianidea gen. 

nov, is separated from CaUianidea, and Meticonaxius torbeni sp. nov. from the west coast of Malay 

Peninsula, and Marcusiaxius soelae sp. nov, from the Coral Sea, eastern Australia are described. Bristly 

setal rows on the carapace, abdominal pleura, and pereopods 2-4 are firstly noticed in Thalassinidae not 

as plumose setal rows in Callianideidae, 

INTRODUCTION 

Thomassinia De Saint Laurent, 1979 was designated as the type of a new subfamily 

Thomassiniinae within the family Callianassjdae Dana, 1852 by De Saint Laurent, 1979. 

This new subfamily is characterized by the presence of the epipods on pereopods 1-4, and 

a long posterior whip on the scaphognathite of maxilla 2. Meticonaxius De Man, 1905 

was classified first by De Man (1925:53) as a member of the family Axiidae Huxley, 1879, 

and later it was transferred by him to the subfamily Callianideinae Kossmann, 1880 of the 

family Callianassidae, because there is no linea thalassinica, and pleopods 2-4 are alike; 

he was followed in this by Bouvier (1925:469)(Table 1). 

Recently, the rows of plumose setae (= setal rows) on the carapace, abdomen, and 

pereopods are used as good characters in the familiy Callianideidae by Kensley & Heard 

(1991:493), These authors recognized seven genera, CaUianidea, Crosniera Kensley & 

* This paper was partly given to the 1st European Crustacean Conference in Paris on 1. Sept, 1992.

Table 1. Designation of the grade in the family Callianideidae. 

Genera 

Callianideidae 

Callianidea 

Paracallianidea 

Crosniera 

Mictaxius 

Thomassinia 

Michelea 

Marcusiaxius 

Meticonaxius 

Designation of 

original 

Subfamilies 

/Families 

Bouvier, 1925 

De Man, 1928 

Thalassinidae H. M. Edws, 1837 Callianideinae 

/Callianassidae 

Callianideidae Sakai, 1992 

- 

Callianideidae Kensley & Heard, 1991 - 


Thomassiniinae De St. Laurent, 1979 


- 


Axiidae Rodrigues et al, 1972 - 

(Axiidae) De Man, 1905 Callianideinae 


Kensley & 

Heard, 1991 


- 







Sakai, 1992 

Callianideinae 

Callianideinae 

Thomassiniinae 



Micheleinae 

Meticonaxiinae 

Meticonaxiinae 

1 

1 

3 

s 

1 •z 

p 

S

SAKAI: CALLIANIDEIDAE AND THALASSINIDAE 3 

Heard, l991,Mictaxius Kensley & Heard, 1991, Thomassinea, Michelea Kensley & Heard, 

199U Marcusiaxius Rodrigues & Carvalho, 1972 and Meticonaxius, which are divided into 

two ingroups (1): Callianidea-Crosniera-Mictaxius-Thomassinia and (2): Michelea- 

Marcusiaxius-Meticonaxius. 

In the present taxon, Thomassinea, Crosniera, and Mictaxius are included in the 

Thomassiniinae De Saint Laurent, 1979; Callianidea and Paracallianidea gen. nov. in the 

Callianideinae; Michelea in the Micheleinae subfam. nov.; Meticonaxius and Marcusiaxius 

in the Meticonaxiinae subfam. nov. The family Callianideidae has characters of two 

families, Callianassidae and Axiidae, however it is separated from them by the presence 

of plumose setal rows on the carapace, abdominal somites, and pereopods. The subfamily 

Thomassiniinae is closely related with Callianassidae in having a linea thalassinica. Three 

other subfamilies, Callianideinae, Micheleinae, and Meticonaxiinae are not provided with 

the linea thalassinica as in Axiidae. The subfamily Callianideinae is characteristic in that 

the anterolateral lobe on abdominal somite 1 is absent, the scaphocerite of antenna 2 is 

reduced; pereopods 1 are strongly unequal, and the pleopodal respiratory filaments are 

branched, while the other subfamilies, Micheleinae and Meticonaxiinae, are different in 

that the anterolateral lobe on abdominal 1 is present, the scaphocerite of antenna 2 is 

large, and pereopods 1 are subequal. The subfamilies, Micheleinae and Meticonaxiinae, 

show more differences; in the Micheleinae the rostrum is small, the propodus of 

pereopod 4 is normal in form, the simple pleopodal filaments are present, and the 

rostrum is small, while in the Meticonaxiinae the propodi of pereopods 3-4 are expanded, 

the pleopodal filaments are absent, and the rostrum is conspicuous (Fig. 1). 

On the other hand, the present examination reveals that the rows of setal pits are also 

found in Thalassina anomala (Herbst, 1804), namely on the carapace, abdominal somites, 

and propodi of pereopods 2-4 as in the Callianideidae, although the setae are not 

plumose as in the Callianideidae, but bristly. This character is not found in other families 

of the Thalassinidea, suggesting that the Thalassinidae Latreille, 1831 is similar to the 

Callianideidae on this point. 

Kensley and Heard (1991:493) used 21 characters for their phylogenetic analysis, 

however in the present examination the rostral form, the form of the coxa of pereopod 

4, the shape of the eye, and the status of the cervical groove are added to these 21 

characters for reassessing the present taxa.

* NATURALISTS, TOKUSHIMA, NO, 4, 1992 

In the Gallinideinae, Paracallianidea gen. nov. is separated from Callianidea, and in the 

Meticonaxiinae two new species, Meticonaxius torbeni sp. nov. from the western Malay 

Peninsula and Marcusiaxius soelae sp. nov. from the Coral Sea, eastern Australia are 

described. 

Cailianideidae 

Sctdl rows, on tdr. abci. & P 

Thomassiinae Callianideinae Micheleinae Meticonaxiinae 

Rost 

- small; 

P4 propod 

normal 

Abd. sotnile 1 

without lobe; 

Scaphoccritc 

reduced; 

PI subcqual 

Rost 

reducwi; 

P4 propod 

normal 

Abd somite 1 

without lobe; 

Scaphoccritc 

reduced; 

PI unequal 

ScaphogiiaibUe of Mxl 2 

with post, whip; 

Uropod exopod 

without iuture; 

Epipods on Pl-4 

Rost 

bmall; 

P4 piopod 

normal 

Abd. somite 1 

with lobe; 

S»;aphocerile 

large; 

PI subcqual 

Lin. Thalas. absent 

Rosi 

- conspicuoui; 

P4 propod 

expanded 

Axlidae 

Fig. 1. Cladgram of the family Cailianideidae. Three dimensions on the level of families are closely related: 

;:;>;:' Cailianideidae; ^^ Axiidae; jjSa Callianassidae; abd., abdomen; car., carapce; linn, fhalas., 

linea thalassinica; P, pereopod(s); rost., rostrum.


Abbreviations are used as follows; CL, carapace lengtn; TL, total length from rostral 

tip to posterior margin of telson; BLT, Shikoku University, Tokushima; >rrM, Northern 

Territory Museum, Darwin; SMF, Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main; UMC, 

University Museum of Zoology, Copenhagen; 7MG, Zoologisches Institut und Museum 

der Universitat, Gettingen. 

Family Thalassinidae Latreille, 1831 

Thalassinidae Latreille, 1831:377; Bonadaile, 1903:541. 

Diagnosis. Carapace somewhat compressed. Rostrum of fair size. Linea thalassinica 

entire. Two cervical grooves distinct. Anterolateral region of carapace with horizontal 

setal row above linea thalassinica, and another vertical setal row along anterolateral 

margin of branchial region. Posterior margin of carapace with posteromedian protrusion. 

Thoracic sternum attached to pereopod 4 with concave structure. Abdominal somite 1 

with anterodorsal edge locking with posterior margin of carapace; a distinct setal pit 

below dorsolateral carina. Abdominal somites 2-6 with 1-3 vertical setal ro\n« posteriorly. 

Eye subconical, and rounded distally. Scaphocerite of antenna 2 vestigial Mandibular 

incisor with teeth. Scaphognathite of maxilla 2 posteriorly with numerous elongate setae. 

Exopod of maxilliped 2 well developed. MaxiUiped 3 pediforra, ischium with crista 

dentata, and exopod well developed. Pereopod 1 subchelate, subequal in both male and 

female; merus striaght and with few teeth on ventral margin. Pereopod 2 subchelate. 

Propodi of pereopods 2-3 slightly broadened and flattened, and propodus of pereopod 4 

elongate. Propodi of pereopods 2-4 with setal row distally on lateral articulation to 

dactyl. Epipods present on pereopods 1-4. Pleurobranchs absent. Pleopod 1 in male 

uniramous, consisting of single segment, and distally broadened; in female uniramous, 

consisting of two segments. Pleopods 2-5 in male and female biramous, rami slender, and 

lacking respiratoiy filaments. Pleopod 2 in male with appendix masculina, and vestigial 

appendix interna. Pleopods 3-5 in male and pleopods 2-5 in female without appendix 

interna. Uropodal exopod and endopod rod-like, exopod without transverse suture. 

T>pe genus. Thalassina Latreille, 1806.

6 NATURALISTS, TOKUSHIMA, NO. 4, 1992 

Remarks. The Thalassinidae appear to be more closely related to the Callianideidae than 

to other families in the Thalassinidea and share the following features: 1) In the 

Thalassinidae the scaphognathite of maxilla 2 has numerous posterior setae, while in the 

Callianideidae it has a single whip-like seta, or two setae as in Michelea lamellosa Kensley 

& Heard, 1991. 2) Epipods are present on pereopods 1-4. 3) The carapace, the 

abdominal somites and the propodi of pereopods 2-4 have 1-4 rows of setal pits. In 

Thalassinidae the setae are bristles, while in the Callianideidae they are plumose. 4) The 

locations of the setal pits are different in the Thalassinidae and Callianideidae. In the 

Thalas&inidae the anterolateral region of the carapace has a horizontal setal row above 

the linea thalassinica (Fig. 2A-C), and another vertical row on the anterolateral margin 

of the branchial region; abdominal somite 1 has a large setal pit below the lateral carina 

(Fig. 2A-B, D), and abdominal somites 2-6 have 1-3 vertical setal rows posteriorly; and 

the propodi of pereopods 2-4 have a setal row distally on the articulation with the dactyl. 

In the Callianideidae the anterolateral region of the carapace has 1-4 setal rows; one on 

the postorbital/postantennal region, 1-2 rows below the lateral carina, and one just 

anterior to the cervical groove; abdominal somite 1 has a horizontal setal row; abdominal 

somites 2-6 have 1-4 setal rows; and the propodi of pereopods 2-3, or 2-4 have 0-2 setal 

rows (Kensley & Heard, 1991:493). 5) The propodus of pereopod 3, or propodi of 

pereopods 3-4 are broadened and flattened, 6) The surface of the thoracic sternum 

attached to pereopod 4 is concave in Thalassina (Fig. 2E) as in Mettconaxius and 

Marcusiaxius, while it is convex in Callianidea and Michelea, 7) The uropodal exopod has 

no transverse suture. 

However, the family Thalassinidae strongly differs from the Callianideidae in the 

following points; 1) The carapace has a second cervical groove (De Man, 1928:6) before 

the posterior margin. 2) The carapace has a dorsomedian protrusion posteriorly. 3) 

Abdominal somite 1 has an anterior dorsal edge with an articulating and locking device 

with the posterior margin of the carapace. 4) The gills consist partly of trichobranchs, 

and partly of broad plates. 5) Pereopods 1 and 2 are subchelate. 6) No appendix interna 

is present on the pleopods in males and females, but a vestigial is seen on pleopod 2 of 

males. 7) Tlie uropodal exopod and endopod are rod-like in shape.

SAKAI: CALLIANIDEIDAE AND THALASSINIDAE 

Fig. 2. Thalassina anomala (Herbst, 1S04), UMC, ?. A-B. body, lateral views; C, anterior part of carapace, 

lateral view; D, thoracic sternum to pereopods 3-5, ventral view; E, posterior part of carapace and 

abdominal somite 1, dorsal view. Scale; A-B 5mm, C-E 1 mm.


Genus Thalassina Latreille, 1806 

Definition. Rostrum of good size, Linea thalassinica present. Secondary cervical groove 

present. Pereopods 1 and 2 subchelate. Pleopod 1 in the male uniramous, consisting of 

a single segment, and distally broadened; in the female it is uniramous, formed by two 

segments. Pleopo

follows. 

Exopod 

Epipod 

Podobranch 

Arthrobranch 

Pleurobranch 


Maxillipeds Pereopods 

1 2 3 1 2 3 

1 

1 

- 

- 

- 

1 

1 

1 

2 

. 

1 

1 

1 

2 

. 

- 

1 

1 

2 

. 

- 

1 

1 

2 

. 

Family Callianideidae Kossmann, 1880 

Callianideidae Kossmann, 1880:80. -De Saint Laurent, 1979:1395. -Poore & Griffin, 1979:221. 

Diagnosis. Carapace more or less compressed. Rostrum variable, large to reduced. 

Linea thalassinica complete, incomplete, or lacking. Cervical groove well demarcated to 

obsolete. Anterolateral region of carapace having 1-4 setal rows. Thoracic sternum 

attached to peieopod 4 vrith concave or convex stnicture. Pleuron on abdominal somite 

1 poorly developed, with or without lateral anterodorsal lobe functioning as an 

articulation and locking device with posterior margin of carapace. Pleura on abdominal 

somites 1-6 with 1-4 setal rows. Eye variable, flattened distally to subglobose; cornea 

pigmented to obsolete. Scaphognathite of maxilla 2 usually with single elongate whip-like 

seta. Exopod of maxilliped 2 well developed or reduced. Maxilliped 3 pediform, ischium 

with or without crista dentata, and exopod well developed to reduced. Pereopod 1 

chelate, subsimilar or strongly dissimilar. Pereopod 2 chelate. Propodi on pereopods 2-3, 

or 2-4 expanded, and with short vertical setal row proximally or centrally on lateral 

surface. Coxa of pereopod 4 normal, or convexly expanded. Epipod present on 

pereopods 1-4. Pleurobranchs absent. Pleopod 1 in male uniramous, consisting of one 

or two segments, and in female uniramous, consisting of two segments. Pleopods 2-5 in 

both male and female biramous, rami broad with or without respiratory filaments. 

Pleopod 2 in male with or without appendix masculina, and pleopods 2-5 with or without 

appendix interna. Pleopods 2-5 in female with appendix interna. Uropodal exopod 

lacking transverse suture.

10 NATURALISTS, TOKUSHIMA, NO. 4,1992 

Type subfamiliy. Callianideinae Kossmann, 1880. 

Included subfamilies. Callianideinae; Meticonaxiinae subfam. nov.; Thomassiniinae; 

Micheleinae subfam. nov. 

Remarks. The family Callianideidae is characterized that the scaphognathite of maxilla 

2 has a long posterior whip, and the epipods are present on pereopods 1-4 as in the 

Axiidae. It is closely related to the family Callianassidae in that the eyes are flattened 

distally, and touched each other on the mesial margins; the coxa of pereopod 4 is 

expanded; and abdominal somite 1 has no anterolateral lobe for the articulation with the 

posterior margin of the carapace; however, there is no linea thalassinica as in the Axiidae. 

The subfamily Micheleinae is similar to the Axiidae because the linea thalassinica is 

absent; and the scaphocerite of antenna 2 is well developed; however, there is no 

anterolateral lobe on the pleuron of abdominal somite 1 as in the Callianassidae. The 

Meticonaxiinae are also similar to the Axiidae in that the pleuron of abdominal somite 

1 has a anterolateral lobe for the articulating and lockcking device with the carapace; that 

the linea thalassinica is absent; and that the scaphocerite of antenna 2 is spiniform. 

However, the Metieonaxiidae are characteristic, because the propod of pereopod 4 is 

expanded. 

Callianideidae Kossmann, 1888:80. 

Subfamily Callianideinae Kossmann, 1880 

Definition. Rostrum reduced. Linea thalassinica obsolete. Cervical groove shortly 

notched middorsally. Thoracic sternum convexly attached to pereopod 4. Pleuron on 

abdominal somite 1 lacking anterolateral lobe. Eyes flattened distally, touched one 

another on mesial margins. Scaphocerite of antenna 2 reduced to small scale. Exopod 

of maxilliped 3 well developed. Pereopod 1 strikingly dissimilar; merus unarmed on 

ventral margin. Coxa of pereopod 4 expanded. Pleopodal respiratory filaments of 2-4 

segments. 

Type genus. Callianidea H. Milne Edwards, 1837. 

Genera included. Callianidea; Paracallianidea gen. nov.


Remarks. The subfamily Callianideinae is closely related to Micheleinae in that the 

carapace is turned up on the posterolateral margin, exposing the expanded coxa of 

pereopods 4-5 laterally; the pleopodal respiratory filaments are present; the linea 

thalassinica is absent; and the exopod of maxilliped 3 is well developed. However, the 

Callianideinae differ from the Micheleinae in having the first pereopods strongly 

dissimilar, and the merus of pereopod 1 has no ridge on the ventral margin, the 

scaphocerite is reduced, and the pleopodal respiratory filaments are branched, while in 

the Micheleinae the first pereopods are subequal, the merus has a ridge on the ventral 

margin, the scaphocerite is spiniform, and the pleopodal respiratory filaments are 

unbranched. 

There are two species, CalMnidea typa irom the Indo-Pacific region, and C laevicauda 

fi-om the Caribbean Sea. Kensley & Heard (1991:500) mentioned that C typa differs from 

C. laevicauda in lacking any sign of a linea thalassinica, and in having bifurcating 

pleopodal accessory respiratory filaments that are divided up to three times. 

In my opinion, the differences in pleopods 1-2, the appendix interna of the male 

pleopod 2, the pleopodal respiratory filaments, the linea thalassinica, and the spinulation 

of maxilliped 3 between C typa and C. laevicauda, are sufficient to divide Callianidea into 

two genera, Callianidea and Paracallianidea gen. nov. 

Genus Callianidea H. Milne Edwards, 1837 

Callianidea H. Milne Edwards, 1837:319; Sakai & Holthuis, 1987:93; Kensley & Heard, 1991:498. 

Callianisea H. Milne Edwards, 1837:321. 

Callisea Dana, 1852:510. 

Diagnosis. Linea thalassinica absent. Merus of maxilliped 3 unarmed on ventral margin. 

Propodi of pereopods 2-4 with setal rows centrally or proximally. Pleopod 1 in the male 

uniramous, formed by a single slender, earpick-shaped segment, and in the female 

consisting of 2 segments, the distal segment being elongated, twisted with long setae on 

mesioproximal swelling. Pleopods 2-5 in male and female biramous, rami broad with 

branched, 2-4 segmented respiratory filaments. Pleopod 2 in male lacking appendix


masculina and appendix interna, and pleopods 3-5 without appendices internae. Pleopods 

2-5 in female with broad appendices internae. 

Type and only species. CalUanidea typa H. Milne Edwards, 1837, by monotypy. 

Remarks. Callianisea H. Milne Edwards, 1837, and CalUsea Dana (1852:510) were re 

placed by Callianidea, the type species by monotypy, CalUanidea typa H. Milne Edwards, 

1837 (Sakai & Holthuis, 1987:92). 

Callianidea typa H. Milne Edwards, 1834 

CalUanidea typa H. Milne Edwards, 1834, Atlas, pi. 25. 

Callianidea typa H. Milne Edwards, 1837:320; Borradaile, 1898:1015; De Man, 1902:751; Bonadaile, 

1904:752; Nobili, 1906:113; Pesta, 1913:678; Balss, 1914:90; De Man, 1928:21, 31; Edmondson, 

1944:38; Miyake, 1956:90. 

Callianisea elongata, H, Milne Edwards, 1837:325. 

CalUanidea mucronata Kossmann, 1880:80, 

Callianidea planocula Melin, 1939:5. 

Callianidea sp. Edmondson, 1944:40. 

Material. BLT 5689, 9, TL 37 mm, Maeno-hama, Akashima Island, Okinawa, T. Hayashibara coll; BLT 

5690,1$, TL. 40 mm, under pebbles, Chichi-jima, Benin Islands, A. Asakura coll; UMC, W, TL 34 mm, 

Sunda Strait, Sebesi Island, 5°57*S 105°29'E, shore at ebb-tide, 31. July 1922, Danish Ecpedition to the 

Kei Islands, 1922, Th. Mortensen coll; NTM Cr. 000455, 1 ovig ¥, TL 31 mm, Karapang, E. Java, 4. June 

1983, H.K. Larson coll; SMF 7936, IJ, TL 31 mm, CL 6 mm; 1 specimen, thoracic sternum broken, CL 

8 mm, Temate, Indonesia, Ktikenthal coll, 1894. 

Diagnosis. Carapace compressed, and its posterolateral margin widely concave (Fig. 3A), 

exposing coxae of pereopods 4-5; cervical groove present in posterior part; rostrum barely 

developed, low, broadly rounded apically; linea thalassinica absent; anterolateral region 

of carapace with vertical row of setal pits on postantennal region. Thoracic sternum to 

pereopod 4 with convex structure (Fig. 3D). Abdominal somite 1 with pleuron poorly 

developed, with irregular setal row anterolaterally, and lacking anterodorsal lobe (Fig. 

3C). Eyestalk (Fig. 3B) with cornea demarcated, situated distolaterally in distal fourth of 

eyestalk, mediodistal portion of stalk flattened. Antennular peduncle reaching distal 

fourth of penultimate segment of antennal peduncle. Antennal peduncle with acicle


reduced to tiny plate; segment 4 slender, and segment 5 slightly more than half length of 

segment 4. Incisor process of mandible with six blunt teeth (Fig. 4A), molar process 

smooth, broadly rounded; palp consisting of three segments. Palp of maxilla 1 (Fig. 4B) 

with two distal setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 4C) with scaphognathite narrow, and with long 

posterior seta. Maxilliped 1 (Fig. 4D) with exopod foliaceous. Exopod of maxilliped 2 

well developed (Fig. 4E). Ischium of maxilliped 3 with crista dentata (Fig. 4F-G); and 

merus lacking ventral spine. 

Fig. 3. CalUanidea typa H. Milne Edwards, 1834. BLT 5689, ?. A, body, lateral view; B, anterior part of 

carapace, antennular arid antennal pedimcles, dorsal view; C, abflominai somite 1, dorsal view; D, 

thoradc sleraura to pereopods 3-5, ventral view. Scale; A-D 1 mm.


Hg. 4. CaUianidea typa H. MUne Edwards, 1834. BLT 5689, S. A, mandible, lateral view; B-C, maxillae 

1-2, lateral views; D-F, maallipeds 1-3, lateral views; G, iscliium of maxilliped 3, mesial view. 

Scale; A-G 1 mm. 

B-E


Fig. 5. Callianidea typa H. Milne Edwardws, 1834. A-D, pereopods 2-5, lateral views; E, right pleopod 1 

in male, postemlateral view; F, right pleopod 2 in male, anterior view; G, right pleopod 1 in 

female, anterolateral view; H, right pleopod 2 in female, anterior view. Scale; A-H 1 mm.


First Pereopods strongly dissimilar (Fig. 3A). In the male the larger cheliped has the 

ischium with few tubercles on its ventral margin; the merus with 1-2 low tubercles on the 

ventral margin; the carpus narrow, about one third wider than long, its lateral surface 

provided with a transverse groove subventrally, and a few tubercles at the acute ventral 

angle. Palm less than three times as long as carpus on dorsal margin, ventral margin 

crenulate; fixed finger with four teeth on cutting edge. Dactyl strongly curved, cutting 

edge with two rounded teeth proximally, and apart from it one rounded tooth. In the 

female the larger cheliped has the ischium and merus unarmed on ventral margin. Palm 

twice length of carpus, fixed finger armed with six teeth in proximal half of cutting edge. 

Dactyl with four teeth in proximal half of cutting edge, distal tooth largest, and situated 

in middle part. Smaller cheliped slender, ischium and merus unarmed, carpus three times 

as long as wide, palm about as long as carpus, and both fingers about half as long as 

palm. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 5A) chelate, propodus with short setal row centrally on lateral 

surface. Propodus of pereopod 3 (Fig. 5B) subquadrate, one third longer than wide, 

broadly produced at ventrodistal angle, and with short setal row proximally on lateral 

surface. Propodus of pereopod 4 (Fig. 5C) with strong spine at ventrodistal angle, a 

plumose setal row proximally, and anterior to it four rows of simple setae on lateral 

surface. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 5D) subchelate, dactyl twisted. 

Pleopod 1 in male (Fig. 5E) consisting of a single, earpick-shaped leaf; in the female 

(Fig. 5G) it has two segments, the distal elongate, twisted with long setae on the 

mesioproximal swelling. Pleopods 2-5 in male and female biramous, rami broad with 

branched, 2-4 segmented respiratory filaments. Pleopods of male (Fig. 5F) lacking both 

appendix masculina and appendices internae. Pleopods 2-5 in female (Fig. 5H) with 

broad appendices internae. Uropodal exopod with a medial carina, unarmed; endopod 

with a median carina, bearing a subterminal spine. 

Remarks. Calliamdea mucronata Kossmann, 1880 from the Red Sea was synonymized by 

De Man (1928:34) with C. typa. C. planocula Melin, 1939 from Bonin Island is possibly 

a synonym of C. typa as shown by the examination of the present material from the Bonin 

Islands. 

Lockington (1878:302) described on C, typa from the Gulf of California, however, his

SAKAI; CALLIANIDEIDAE AND THALASSINIDAE 17 

specimens are to be defined as C. laevicauda Gill, 1859, as shown by Kensley and Heard 

(1991:500) who recently synonymized C laevicauda occtdentalis Schmitt, 1939 from 

Socorro Island (Pacific coast of Mexico) and the Galapagos Islands with the typical West- 

Indian species, C. laevicauda. 

Distribution. Tanga, Tanzania (Baiss, 1914); Ethiopia (Massawa; Eritrea), Red Sea 

(Kossmann, 1880; Nobili, 1906); Djibouti (Obock; Djibouti), Gulf of Aden (Nobili, 1906); 

Goidu, Goifiirfehendu Atoll, Maldive Islands (Borradaile, 1904); Indonesia (Lombok; 

Sawu; Adonara; Tanah Djampeah; Ternate) Indonesia (De Man, 1928); New Guinea (De 

Man, 1902,1928); New Ireland (type locality, H. Milne Edwards, 1837); Funafuti, Tuvalu 

(Bonadaile, 1898); Savaii, Western Samoa (Pesta, 1913); Tahiti, Society Islands 

(Edmondson, 1944); Wake bland (Edmondson, 1944); Mariana Islands (Gu6rin- 

M6neville, 1832); Bonin Islands (Melin, 1939); Yaeyama, Ryukyu Islands (Balss, 1914); 

Tokara Islands (Miyake, 1956); Kagoshima, Japan (Balss, 1914). 

Genus Paracallianidea gen. nov. 

Diagnosis. Linea thalassinica short, extending posteriorly from orbit. Merus of 

maxilliped 3 bearing spine distally on ventral margin. Propodi of pereopods 2-3 with setal 

row proximally. Pleopod 1 in male consisting of two segments, distal segment broadly 

triangular with hooks on its small medial lobe, and in female of two segments, distal 

segment slender-lanceolate. Pleopods 2-5 in male and female biramous, rami broad with 

simple, 2-4 segmented respiratory filaments. Pleopod 2 in male with rod-shaped appendix 

masculina and short free appendix interna. 

Type and only species. Callmntdea laevicauda Gill, 1859. 

E^'mology. The generic name is a combination of the suffix, "para", a meaning "near", 

and the generic name, Callianidea. 

Paracallianidea laevicauda (Gill, 1859)


Callianidea laevicauda GIU, 1859:167. -Kensley & Heard, 1991:499. 

Material examined. SMF 8049,1 ¥, TL 45 mm, Nenguangue Bay, Santa Marta, Colombia. SMF 9755 (Ex, 

Museum Heidelberg), Id", TL 44 mm; 1¥, TL 45 mm, locality unknown. 

Subfamily Micheleinae subfam. nov. 

Definition. Carapace compressed, posterlateral margin weakly concave. Rostrum short, 

bluntly triangular. Linea thalassinica lacking. Cervical groove obsolete. Thoracic 

sternum convexly attached to peteopod 4. Pleuion of abdominal somite 1 with an 

anterolateral lobe. Eyes subglobose, touching one another on mesial margins. 

Scaphocerite of antennal 2 spiniform. Exopod of maxilliped 3 not reduced. First 

pereopods subequal, merus with spine in middle of ventral margin. Coxa of pereopod 4 

expanded. Pleopodal respiratory filaments consisting of unbranched lamellae. 

Type genus. Michelea Kensley & Heard, 1991, by original designation. 

Remarks. The subfamily Micheleinae is closely related with the Callianideinae as 

mentioned in the remarks of the subfamily Callianideinae (p. 10 ). 

Subfamily Thomassiniinae De Saint Laurent, 1979 

Thoraassiniinae De Saint Laurent, 1979:1396. 

Definition. Rostrum variable, short or reduced. Linea thalassinica complete or 

incomplete. Cervical groove inconspicuous. Pleuron of abdominal somite 1 lacking 

anterolateral lobe. Eye variable, subglobose to flattened distally. Scaphocerite of antenna 

2 reduced to small scale. Exopod of maxilliped 3 reduced. First pereopods subequal, 

merus lacking spine on ventral margin. Pleopodal respiratory filaments absent. 

Type genus. Thomassinia De Saint Laurent, 1979. 

Genera included. Thomassinia De Saint Laurent, 1979; Crosniera Kensley & Heard, 1991; 

Mictaxius Kensley & Heard, 1991.


Remarks. The subfamily Thomassiniinae was first established as a member of 

Callianassidae by De Saint Laurent (1979:1396) as it possesses a complete or incomplete 

linea thalassinica. However, later it was transferred to the Callianideidae by Kensley and 

Heard (1991: 493). The Thomassiniinae are different from other subfamilies in having 

a linea thalassinica; it is included in the Callianideidae as it has setal rows on the 

carapace, abdomen, and pereopods. 

Subfamily Meticonaxiinae subfam. nov. 

Diagnosis. Carapace compressed, its posterolateral margin angular. Rostrum 

conspicuous, pointed or rounded at tip. Lineal thalassinica absent. Cervical groove 

distinct to obsolete doisally. Anterolateral region of carapace with 1-4 setal rows. 

Abdominal somites 1-6 with 1-3 setal rows. Thoracic sternum articulated to pereopod 

4 with concave structure. Pleuron of abdominal somite 1 possessing an anterodorsal lobe 

for articulation and locking purposes with posterior margin of carapace. Eyes subglobose, 

not touching distally. Exopod of maxilliped 3 reduced or lacking. First pereopods 

subequal. Propodi of pereopods 2-4 broadened, those of pereopods 2-3, or 2-4 possessing 

0-2 setal rows placed proximally on lateral surface, or dorsally. 

Type genus. Meticonaxius De Man, 1905. 

Included genera. Meticonaxius De Man, 1905; Marcusicaius Rodrigues

20 NATURALISTS. TOKUSHIMA, NO. 4, 1992 

Genus Meticonaxius De Man, 1905 

Meticonaxius De Man, 1905:592; De Man, 1925:53; Kensley & Heard, 1991:510. 

Diagnosis. Carapace compressed, and its posterolateral margin angular. Rostrum 

triangular, widening posteriorly, unarmed on lateral margin, keeping at same level as 

anterior portion of carapace; median and lateral carinae entire. Anterolateral region of 

carapace with 2-3 setal rows. Thoracic sternum articulated to pereopod 4 with concave 

structure. Abdominal somites 1-5 with single setal row laterally, and somite 6 with three 

setal rows. Abdominal somite 1 with lateral anterodorsal lobe. Abdominal somites 2-5 

densely setose in posteroventral region. 

Eyestalk shorter than rostrum, rounded distally, or truncate-flattened; cornea 

undifferentiated to poorly differentiated, weakly to moderately well pigmented. Antennal 

acicle about half, or less than half the length of the peduncular segment 4. Ischium of 

maxilliped 3 with crista dentata, merus with spine on ventral margin; exopod reduced. 

Pereopod 1 chelate, and symmetrical. Pereopod 2 chelate, propodus with short setal row 

proximally. Propodi of pereopods 3 and 4 broadened; that of pereopod 3 with 1-2 setal 

rows proximally on lateral surface, and that of pereopod 4 with 1-2 setal rows dorsally, 

or proximally on lateral surface. Pereopods 2-4 lacking pleurobranchs. Pleopod 1 in 

male uniramous, consisting of two segments, distal segment plow-shaped. In female 

pleopod 1 slender, uniramous, and three segmented. Pleopods 2-5 in male and female 

biramous, rami broad, with appendix interna, but without respiratory filaments; pleopod 

2 in male possessing appendix masculina. Uropodal exopod broadened distally, 

occasionally produced distolaterally, and without transverse suture; uropodal endopod 

smaller than exopod, somewhat produced distolaterally. Telson longer than wide, lacking 

non-articulating dorsal spines (modified after Kensley & Heard, 1991). 

Remarks. The number of setal rows on the anterolateral region of the carapace is 

variable; in Meticonaxius monodon De Man, 1905 (the type-species) and M microps 

(Bouvier, 1905), there are two rows just anterior to the cervical groove and ventral to the 

lateral carina, while in M bouvieri Kensley and Heard, 1991 and M. longispina (Stebbing, 

1920) there are three rows anterior to the cervical groove, ventral to the lateral carina,

SAKAI; CALLIANiDEIDAE AND THALASSINIDAE 21 

and on the pcstorbital/postantennal region, or its posterior part. 

Meticonaxius soelae sp. nov. 

Material. Holotype, 1¥ TL 63 mm, CL 17 mm, Coral Sea, E. Australia, 17''59.4'S, 147°64'E, 298-300 m, 

FRV "Soela* (CSIRO), Cruise 0186, St. No. 69, 20, Jan. 86. 

Diagnosis. Carapace (Fig. 5A, D) compressed, and ventrolateral margin angular. 

Rostrum (Fig. 6B-C) triangular, acute apicallj^ median and lateral carinae entire. 

Anterolateral region of carapace with two subvertical setal rows, and horizontal setal row 

below lateral carina; cervical groove dorsally well demarcated, and obsolete laterally. 

Carapace with short rounded longitudinal ridge on posterior margin. Thoracic sternum 

attached to pereopod 4 with concave structure (Fig. 7B). Abdominal somite 1 (Fig. 6E) 

with horizontal setal row dorsolaterally, abdominal somites 2-5 with vertical setal row, less 

compact setae posteriorly, and abdominal somite 6 with three rows. 

Eyestalk slightly convex on dorsal surface, thin marginally, and truncate distally; cornea 

transparent in alcohol specimen. Antennal acicle reaching midlength of peduncular 

segment 4. Maxilliped 1 (Fig. 7C) with the palp narrow. Exopod of maxilliped 2 (Fig. 

7D) short; podobranch rudimentary lacking gill-Slaments. Ischium of maxilliped 3 (Fig. 

7E) with crista dentata (Fig. 7F), merus with subdistal spine on ventral margin; exopod 

very reduced. Pereopods 1 (Fig. 8A-B) subequal, the right slightly longer than the left, 

ischium and merus without spines, fingers shorter than palm, cutting edge of fixed finger 

finely denticulate proximally by distinguishable tubercles, and armed with strongly acute 

triangular tooth distal to midlength. Propodus of pereopod 2 (Fig. 8C) with short setal 

row proximally on lateral surface. Coxa of pereopod 3 (Fig. 8D) with female genital 

opening; and propodus with two subparallel setal rows proximally on lateral surface. 

Propodus of pereopod 4 (Fig. 8E) with setal row on dorsal margin, and another short row 

proximally on lateral surface. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 8F) subchelate, fixed finger armed with 

denticles on cutting edge (Fig. 8G), dactyl short, incurved. 

Pleopod 1 in females (Fig. 8H-I) formed by three segments; distal segment jointed, and 

provided with short mesial lobe with distal hooks; pleopod 2 (Fig. 8J) biramous, rami 

broad; endopod on the left side with elongate two-articulated appendix masculina and


Fig. 6, Meticonaxius soelae sp. nov. Holotype, FRV "Soela" Cruise 0186, *. A, body, lateral view; B, 

carapace, doisal view; C, anterior part of carapace, dorsal view; D, carapace, lateral view; E, 

abdominal somite 1, dorsal view. Scale; A 5 mm, B-E 1 mm.


Fig. 7, Melkonaxius soelae sp. nov. Holotype, FRV "Soela" Cruise 0186, $. A, abdominal somite 6 and 

tail fan; B, tiioracic sternum to pereopods 3-5, ventral view; C-E, maxillipeds 1-3, lateral views; 

F, ischium of maxiliiped 3, mesial view. Scale; A-F 1mm.


Fig. 8. Metkonaxius soetae sp. nov. Holotype, FRV "Soela" Cruise 0186, i. A, left pereopod 1, lateral view; 

B, right pereopod 1, lateral view, C-F, pereopods 2-5, lateral views; G, distal part of propod and 

dactyl in pereopod S, lateral view; H, left pleopod 1, anterior view; I, same, posterior view; i, left 

pleopod 2, anterior view. Scale; A-J 1 mm.


short simple appendix interna with distal hooks, while on the right side only with 

appendix interna. Examination of additional material is necessary to show whether this 

asymmetory is an abnormality. Pleopods 3-5 biramous, rami broad with appendix 

interna. Uropodal exopod largely rounded distolaterally, and uropodal endopod slightly 

longer than wide, slightly produced distolaterally. Telson (Fig. 7A) longer than uropod, 

posterior margin evenly convex, unarmed, and lateral margin convex in posterior two 

thirds. 

Exopod 1 

Epipod 1 

Podobranch 

Arthrobranch - 

Pleurobranch 

Maxillipeds Pereopods 

1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 

1 

1 

- 

- 

- 

r 

1 

1 

2 

- 

- 

1 

1 

2 

- 

Etymology. The species is named for the research vessel, "Soela", occuring a cruise of 

which the present specimen was collected. 

Remarks. The present species is closely related to Metkonaxhis monodon De Man, 1905, 

from off the north-east point of Java. In M. monodon the posterior margin of the telsOn 

is truncate; in pereopod 1, the merus possesses a tooth on the ventral margin; abdominal 

somites 3-5 have dense setae. 

Genus Marcusiaxius Rodrigues & Carvalho, 1972 

Marcusiwdus Rodrigues & Carvalho, 1972:357; Kensley & Heard, 1991:506. 

Diagnosis. Carapace compressed, and posterolateral margin angular; rostrum distinct, 

and middorsally with flattened triangular area at the same level as anterior portion of 

carapace; anterodorsal submarginal pile of dense setae present. Anterolateral region of 

carapace with three setal rows. Cervical groove obsolete. Thoracic sternum articulated 

to pereopod 4 with a concave structure. Abdominal somite 1 with lateral anterodorsal 

- 

1 

1 

2 

1 

- 

1 

1 

2 

1 

- 

1 

- 

2 

1 

- 

- 

. 

. 

-

26 NATURALISTS, TOKUSHIMA NO. 4, 1992 

lobe, and setal row dorsolaterally; somite 2 with two setal rows; somites 3-5 with 

subvertieal setal row; abdominal somite 6 with three setal rows. Abdominal somites 3-5 

with dense patches of setae. 

Eyestalk shorter than rostrum, subacute apically; cornea small, discrete, and located 

subapically. Antennal acicle half or less than half length of antennal peduncular segment 

4. Maxilliped 3 with merus lacking ventral spine; exopod reduced, or absent. Pereopods 

1 chelate, and symmetrical. Propodus of pereopod 2 with short setal row proximally on 

lateral surface. Propodus of pereopod 3 with two subparallel setal rows proximally on 

lateral surface. Propodus of pereopod 4 with setal row dorsally on lateral surface. 

Pleopod 1 in male uniramous, of two segments, distal segment plow-shaped; pleopod 2 

possessing appendix masculina considerably longer than appendix interna; pleopods 2-5 

biramous, rami broad, with appendix interna, but without respiratory Qlaments. Pleopod 

1 in female slender, uniramous, three-segmented; pleopod 2-5 biramous, rami foliaceous, 

with appendix interna, but without respiratory filaments. Uropodal exopod strongly 

produced distolaterally, and without transverse suture; uropodal endopod slightly 

produced distolaterally. Telson wider than long, lacking non-articulating dorsal spines 

(modified from Kensley & Heard, 1991). 

Marcusiaxius torbeni sp. nov. 

Material. Hololype 1¥ TL 52 mm, CL 14 mm, ZMC 77, west coast of Malay Peninsula, 9°13'22"N 

97°50'U"E, St. 1171, 70 m, mud with many large shells, triangular dredge 45 cm., 7. March 1966,5th Thai- 

Danish Expedition 1966. 

Diagnosis. Carapace (Fig. 9A) compressed. Rostrum (Fig. 9B-C) broad, flattened, obtuse 

apically, median carina widening in posterior half; lateral carina entire. Anterolateral 

region of carapace with four setal rows; three subvertieal setal rows in postorbital region, 

in middle region, anterior to cervical groove, and horizontal setal row just below lateral 

carina. Cervical groove obsolete. Thoracic sternum articulating with pereopod 4 (Fig. 

IOC) with a medially concave structure. Abdominal somite 1 (Fig. 9E) with horizontal 

setal row dorsolaterally, abdominal somite 2 with two setal rows ventrolaterally and 

posterolaterally; abdominal somites 3-5 with a subvertieal median setal row each, 

abdominal somite 6 with three setal rows; pleura 3-5 dorsolaterally with dense setae.


Eyestalk triangular, flattened on lateral surface; cornea small, and discrete subapically. 

Antenna! acicle (Fig. 9D) less than half length of peduncular segment 4. Palp of 

maxilliped 1 (Fig. lOD) small. Maxilliped 2 (Fig. lOE) with exopod short. Exopod of 

maxilliped 3 (Fig. lOF) rudimentary, ischium with aista dentata, and merus unarmed. 

Pereopods 1 (Fig. IIA-B) symmetrical; merus with reduced median tooth on ventral 

margin; fingers shorter than palm; fixed finger of right leg broaken apically, that of left 

leg with obtuse tooth in proximal third of cutting edge; dactyl entire on cutting edge. 

Propodus of pereopod 2 (Fig. 11C) with short setal row proximally on lateral surface. 

Fig. 9. Marcusiwdus torbeni sp. nov. Holotype, ZMC 77, $. A, body, lateral view; B, carapace, dorsal view; 

C, anterior part of carapace, dorsal view; D, same, lateral view; E, abdominal somite 1, dorsal view. 

Scale; A 5 mm, B-E 1 mm. 

27

28 NATURALISTS, TOKUSHIMA, NO. i, 1992 

Propodus of pereopod 3 (Fig. 11D) with two subparallel setal rows on lateral surface. 

Propodus of pereopod 4 (Fig. HE) with setal row dorsally on lateral surface. Pereopod 

5 (Fig. IIF) subchelate, dactyl short, incurved. Pleopod 1 (Fig. UG) uniramous, 

consisUng of three segments; distal segment jointed. Pleopods 2-5 biramous; rami broad, 

possessing appendix interna (Fig. IIH). 

Uropodal exopod (Fig. lOB) distally strongly produced, uropodal endopod twice wider 

than long, and distolaterally produced. Telson (Fig. lOA) one fourth wider than long, 

posterior margin broadly convex. 

Fig. 10. Marcusiaxius torbeni sp. nov. Holotype, ZMC 77, ?. A, telson and tall fan, dorsal viewr, B, same, 

lateral view, C, thoracic sternum So pereopods 3-4, ventral view; D-F, maxillipeds 1-3, lateral views. 

Scale; A-C 3mm; D-F 1 mm.


Fig. 11, Marcusuaius wrbeni sp. nov. Holotype, ZMC 77, S. A, right pereopod 1, lateral view; B, left 

pereopod 1, lateral view; C-F, pereopods 2-5, lateral views; G, left pleopod 1, anterior view; H, 

left pleopod 2, anterior view. Scale; A-E 5mni; F-H 1 mm.

^^t).eM/-_ 


Exopod 1 

Epipod 1 

Podobranch 

Arttirobranch - 

Pleurobranch 

Maxillipeds 

1 2 3 

1 

1 

- 

- 

- 

r 

1 

1 

2 

- 

- 

1 

1 

2 

- 

Pereopods 

2 3 

Etymology. The species is named for Torben Wolff, the 2toological Museum of 

Copenhagen, Denmark, respected marine zoologist. 

Remarks. The present species is the first Marcusiaxius record from the Pacific Ocean. 

He is different from both Marcusiaxius colpos Kensley & Heart, 1991 and M. lemoscastroi 

Rodrigues & Carvalho, 1972 from the Atlantic Ocean. M. speMe is more closely related 

to M. lemoscastroi than to M. colpos; in M. spekai maxilliped 3 is provided with a very 

short exopod; maxilliped 2 with a short exopod, while in M. lemoscastroi maxilliped 3 

lacks the exopod, and maxilliped 2 has a short exopod, and in M. colpos maxilliped 3 with 

the exopod overreaching distal meral margin, and maxilliped 2 with well-developed 

exopod. The other characteristics of three species in Marcusiaxius are tablated as follows. 

- 

1 

1 

2 

- 

M. torbeni M. colpos M. lemoscastroi 

Rostrum median carina widening in 

posterior half. 

Carapace fear setal rows in 

anterolateral region. 

Pereopod 1 merus with reduced tooth 

at midlength of ventral 

margin. 

Telson 1/4 wider than midlength. 

Distribution West Malay Peninsula 

70 m. 

- 

1 

1 

2 

- 

barely demarked. 

three setal rows 

- 

1 

- 

2 

- 

widening in whole 

length. 

same as in M. 

colpos. 

with small proximal strong tooth at 

and large distal teeth. midlength. 

1/3 wider than midlength. almost twice wider 

than length. 

Gulf of Mexico, 

13-175 m. 

Brazil-Venezuela, 

15-18 m.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

I am very grateful to Dr. Torben Wolff of the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Dr. Michael Turkay, 

Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main, and Dr. AJ, Bruce of the Northern Territory Museum, Port 

Darwin, who allowed me to examine the piecious preseivt specimens, and also to Dis. L,B. Holthuis of 

Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden; M. Tiirkay, and Torben Wolff of the Zoologisk Museum, 

Copenhagen, who read my manuscript critically. 

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Address: K. Sakai, Tokushima Biological Laboratory (Crustacea), Shikoku University, Tokushima, 771-11, 

Japan.

Les Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda) du ... - AToL Decapoda

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